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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: As I Remember
+       Recollections of American Society during the Nineteenth Century
+
+Author: Marian Gouverneur
+
+Release Date: March 22, 2009 [EBook #28384]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS I REMEMBER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+  +------------------------------------------------------------+
+  | Transcriber's Note                                         |
+  |                                                            |
+  | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in        |
+  | this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of   |
+  | this document.                                             |
+  | Text printed using the Greek alphabet in the original book |
+  | is shown as follows: [Greek: logos]                        |
+  | Superscript letters are shown as follows: Jan^y            |
+  | A letter with a breve is shown as follows: [)a]            |
+  +------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+AS I REMEMBER
+
+
+[Illustration: MRS. GOUVERNEUR.]
+
+
+
+
+AS I REMEMBER
+
+_Recollections of American Society
+during the Nineteenth Century_
+
+BY
+
+MARIAN GOUVERNEUR
+
+ILLUSTRATED
+
+NEW YORK AND LONDON
+D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
+1911
+
+
+COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY
+
+D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
+
+Printed in the United States of America
+
+
+
+
+TO THE MEMORY OF
+
+MY FATHER
+
+Judge James Campbell
+
+WHOSE BENIGN INFLUENCE I STILL FEEL
+
+AND TO
+
+MY HUSBAND
+
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr.
+
+THE COMPANION AND PILLAR OF STRENGTH
+
+OF MY LATER YEARS
+
+THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+The rambling personal notes threaded together in these pages were
+written at the urgent request of my family, and have provided a pleasant
+diversion during otherwise lonely hours. The idea of their publication
+was highly distasteful to me until the often repeated importunities of
+many of those whose judgment commands my respect persuaded me that some
+of the facts and incidents I have recalled would prove of interest to a
+large circle of readers. The narrative is concerned with persons and
+events that have interested me during the busy hours of a lengthy life.
+I have been deeply impressed by the changes wrought by time in the modes
+of education, which are now so much at variance with those of my
+childhood, and in the manners and customs of those with whom I have
+mingled.
+
+I should be guilty of an act of grave injustice if I failed to express
+my grateful acknowledgments for the aid so unselfishly rendered, in a
+score of ways, by my daughter, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, without which
+these pages would not, and could not, have been written.
+
+M. GOUVERNEUR.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+CHAPTER                                                             PAGE
+
+   I.--EARLY LONG ISLAND DAYS                                          1
+
+  II.--NEW YORK AND SOME NEW YORKERS                                  21
+
+ III.--SCHOOL-DAYS AND EARLY FRIENDS                                  50
+
+  IV.--LIFE AND EXPERIENCES IN THE METROPOLIS                         69
+
+   V.--LONG BRANCH, NEWPORT AND ELSEWHERE                             96
+
+  VI.--SOME DISTINGUISHED ACQUAINTANCES                              118
+
+ VII.--FASHION AND LETTERS                                           138
+
+VIII.--WASHINGTON IN THE FORTIES                                     170
+
+  IX.--SOCIAL LEADERS IN WASHINGTON LIFE                             194
+
+   X.--DIPLOMATIC CORPS AND OTHER CELEBRITIES                        229
+
+  XI.--MARRIAGE AND CONTINUED LIFE IN WASHINGTON                     256
+
+ XII.--SOJOURN IN CHINA AND RETURN                                   288
+
+XIII.--THE CIVIL WAR AND LIFE IN MARYLAND                            312
+
+ XIV.--VISIT TO THE FAR SOUTH AND RETURN TO WASHINGTON               335
+
+  XV.--TO THE PRESENT DAY                                            365
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+PAGE
+
+Mrs. Gouverneur                                           _Frontispiece_
+
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior                                         116
+
+Mrs. John Still Winthrop, _n�e_ Armistead, by Sully                  146
+
+Mrs. Charles Eames, _n�e_ Campbell, by Gambadella                    178
+
+Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham                  202
+
+Mrs. James Munroe, _n�e_ Kortright, by Benjamin West                 258
+
+Miniature of James Monroe, painted in Paris in 1794 by Sem�          284
+
+Mrs. Gouverneur's three daughters, Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell
+Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson                          310
+
+
+
+
+AS I REMEMBER
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+EARLY LONG ISLAND DAYS
+
+
+I do not know of a spot where, had I been accorded the selection, I
+should have preferred first to see the light of day, nor one more in
+keeping with the promptings of sentiment, than the southern shore of
+Long Island, N.Y., where I was born. My home was in Queens County, on
+the old Rockaway Road, and often in childhood during storms at sea I
+have heard the waves dash upon the Rockaway beach. Two miles the other
+side of us was the village of Jamaica, and from our windows we caught
+glimpses of the bay that bore its name. My first home was a large
+old-fashioned house on a farm of many acres, ornamented by Lombardy
+poplars which stood on each side of the driveway, a fashion introduced
+into this country by Lafayette. My maternal grandfather, Captain John
+Hazard, who had commanded a privateersman during the Revolution,
+purchased the place from "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet, the first
+Minister of France to the United States, and I have the old parchment
+deed of transfer still in my possession. During the War of the
+Revolution my Grandfather Hazard's ship was captured by Admiral George
+B. Rodney, and I have often heard my mother tell the story she received
+from his lips, to the effect that after he was "comfortably housed in
+irons" on Rodney's ship he overheard a conversation in which his name
+was frequently mentioned. The subject under discussion was the form of
+punishment he deserved, and the cheerful remark reached his ear: "Hang
+the damned rebel." This incident made an indelible impression upon my
+mother's memory, which was emphasized by the fact that her father bore
+the scars of those irons to the day of his death.
+
+I have no recollection of my Grandfather Hazard, as he died soon after
+my birth. Jonathan Hazard, his brother, espoused the English cause
+during the Revolution. This was possibly due to the influences of an
+English mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Owen, of Shropshire. I have
+heard my mother say that her grandmother was a descendant of Dr. John
+Owen, Chaplain of Oliver Cromwell. A piece of silver bearing the Owen
+coat of arms is still in the possession of a member of my family. He
+entered the British navy, changed his name to Carr, and soon rose to the
+rank of Post-Captain. He eventually drifted back to America and died
+unmarried at my grandfather's home on Long Island many years after the
+war. The trite saying that history repeats itself is here forcibly
+illustrated by brother fighting against brother. It brings to mind our
+own fraternal troubles during the Civil War, which can never be effaced
+from memory.
+
+Much of the furniture of my first home was purchased from Citizen Genet
+when my grandfather took possession of the house and farm. We understood
+that the French minister brought it with him from France, and many of
+the pieces, some of which are mahogany, are still in my possession. A
+bedstead which I still occupy has been said to be the first of its
+design brought from France to this country. Hanging in my bedroom is a
+set of engravings entitled "Diligence and Dissipation," after Hogarth,
+and also a handsome old print of the Savior in the Pharisee's House, all
+of which were purchased at the same time. Two alabaster ornaments are
+memories of my earliest childhood, one of which was a column casting a
+shadow that formed a likeness of Louis XVI.
+
+My Grandfather Hazard had many slaves, and I remember hearing of one of
+them who ran away and took with him a carriage and pair of horses, and,
+who, when called to account for the act, threatened my grandfather's
+life. My mother, although suffering from a severe indisposition, ran out
+of the house for succor. The slave was taken into custody, and was
+eventually sent South and sold. Some of the other slaves I well
+remember. Among them was a very old couple with numerous progeny who
+lived not far from us in a hut in the woods on the Hazard estate. In
+subsequent years I heard my mother remark, upon the occasion of a
+marriage in the family connection, that when "Cuff" and "Sary" were
+married her father gave the clergyman five dollars for his services.
+Cuff was an old-fashioned, festive negro born in this country, and with
+the firm belief that existence was bestowed upon him solely for his own
+enjoyment. He possessed a genius for discovering holidays, and added
+many to the calendar that were new to most of us. For example, sometimes
+when he was given a task to accomplish, he would announce that he could
+not work upon that day as it was "Paas Monday," or "Paas Tuesday," and
+so on, continuing as the case required, through the week. He had supreme
+contempt for what he called "Guinea niggers," a term he applied to those
+of his race who came directly from Africa, in contradistinction to those
+who had been born in this country. One of Cuff's predecessors in the
+Hazard family was named Ben, and I have the original deed of his
+purchase from Hendrick Suydam, dated April 28th, 1807. The price paid
+was two hundred dollars.
+
+In the village of Jamaica was a well known academy where my mother
+received the early part of her education. One of her preceptors there
+was the Hon. Luther Bradish, who some years later became Lieutenant
+Governor of the State of New York, and who at the time of his death was
+president of the New York Historical Society. Her education was
+continued at Miss Sarah Pierce's school in Litchfield, Connecticut, one
+of the most fashionable educational institutions of that period. I have
+heard my mother say that, accompanied by her father, she made the
+journey to Litchfield in a chariot, the name applied to carriages in
+those days, this, of course, being before there was any rail
+communication with that place. In close proximity to Miss Pierce's
+establishment was the law school of Judge James Gould, whose pupils were
+a great social resource to Miss Pierce's scholars. This institution was
+patronized by many pupils from the South, and during my mother's time
+John C. Calhoun was one of its students. A few years ago a history of
+the school was published, and a copy of the book was loaned me by the
+late Mrs. Lucius Tuckerman of Washington, whose mother was educated
+there and whose grandfather was the celebrated Oliver Wolcott of
+Connecticut. After my mother's marriage, she and my father visited Miss
+Pierce in Litchfield. This was during the Jackson campaign, while
+political excitement ran so very high that a prominent physician of the
+place remarked to my father, in perfectly good faith, that Jackson could
+not possibly be elected President as he would receive no support from
+Litchfield.
+
+In Jamaica was the last residence of the Honorable Rufus King, our
+minister to England under Washington and twenty years later a candidate
+for the presidency. His son, Charles King, was the beloved President of
+Columbia College in New York, and his few surviving students hold his
+memory in reverence. The house in which the King family resided was a
+stately structure with an _entourage_ of fine old trees. It eventually
+passed into other hands, and a few years ago the entire property was
+generously donated by the Daughters of the American Revolution to the
+town of Jamaica, and is now called "King's Manor."
+
+My grandfather, Captain John Hazard, was about fifty years old at the
+time of his marriage to my grandmother, Miss Leupp, of New Jersey, who
+died soon after, leaving an only child, my mother. A few years later he
+married Lydia Blackwell at her home on Blackwell's Island, which her
+father, Jacob Blackwell, had inherited from his father, Jacob Blackwell,
+the son of Robert Blackwell, who was the progenitor of the family in
+this country and gave his name to the island upon which he resided.
+Several years later Captain Hazard was heard to remark that matrimony
+was a lottery, and that he had drawn two prizes. I have in my possession
+an old letter written by Miss Blackwell to my grandfather previous to
+their marriage, which is so quaint and formal that I am tempted to give
+it in full:
+
+     Miss Blackwell's compliments to Captain Hazard and desires
+     to know how he does--and if well enough will be glad to see
+     him the first leisure day--as she has something of
+     consequence to communicate and is sorry to hear that he has
+     been so much indisposed as to deprive his friends of the
+     pleasure of his company for this last fortnight--May you
+     enjoy every happiness this imperfect estate affords is the
+     sincere wish of your friend,
+
+          L. B.
+
+     Let me see you on Sunday.
+
+     Burn this.
+
+Captain Hazard brought his new bride to the old home on the Rockaway
+Road where I was subsequently born, and she immediately took under her
+protecting wing my mother, who was then but little more than an infant.
+The babe grew and thrived, and never knew until she was a good-sized
+girl that the woman who had so lovingly nurtured her was only a
+step-mother. She learned the fact from a schoolmate who told her out of
+revenge for some fancied wrong; and I shall always remember my mother
+telling me how she hurried home feeling all the time that the cruel
+story was untrue, only to have it confirmed by the lips of the woman who
+had been as affectionate and unselfish as any mother could possibly have
+been to her own child. In subsequent years, when my mother gathered her
+own children around her, she held her step-mother up to us as the
+embodiment of all female virtue and excellence, all of which is
+confirmed by my own recollection of her remarkable character and
+exemplary life.
+
+On the farm adjoining us lived a crusty old bachelor by the name of
+Martin, who in his earlier life had been professionally associated with
+Aaron Burr. No human being was allowed to cross his threshold, but I
+recall that years after his death I saw a large quantity of silver which
+he had inherited, and which bore a martin for a crest. He was a terror
+to all the children in our vicinity, and it was his habit to walk on the
+neighboring roads clad in a dressing gown. More than once as I passed
+him he accosted me with the interrogative, "Are you Nancy Hazard's
+brat?"--a query that invariably prompted me to quicken my pace. Mr.
+Martin kept a fine herd of cattle, among which was an obstreperous bull
+whose stentorian tones were familiar to all the residents of the
+adjoining places. When the children of our household were turbulent my
+mother would often exclaim, "Listen to Martin's bull roaring!" This
+invariably had a soothing effect upon the children, and strange to say
+this trivial incident has descended among my kindred to the fourth
+generation, for my mother's great-grandchildren are as familiar with
+"Martin's bull" as my sisters and brothers and I were in our own
+childhood.
+
+Malcolm Campbell, my paternal grandfather, left Scotland subsequently to
+our Revolution, accompanied by his wife and son James (my father), and
+after a passage of several weeks landed in New York. His wife was Miss
+Lucy McClellan. His father, Alexander Campbell, fought in the battle of
+Culloden, and I have heard my father say that his grandfather's regiment
+marched to the song of:
+
+    "Who wadna fight for Charlie?
+       Who wadna draw the sword?
+     Who wadna up and rally,
+       At their royal prince's word?
+     Think on Scotia's ancient heroes,
+       Think on foreign foes repell'd,
+     Think on glorious Bruce and Wallace,
+       Who the proud usurpers quell'd."
+
+It is said he had previously been sent to Italy to collect arms and
+ammunition for the "Young Pretender," the grandson of James II. The
+battle of Culloden, which was fought on the 16th of April, 1746, and
+which has often been called the "Culloden Massacre," caused the whole
+civilized world to stand aghast. The order of the Duke of Cumberland to
+grant no quarter to prisoners placed him foremost in the ranks of
+"British beasts" that have disgraced the pages of history, and earned
+for him the unenviable title of "The Butcher of Culloden." It has been
+suggested in extenuation of his fiendish conduct that His Grace was
+"deep in his cups" the night before the battle, and that the General to
+whom the order was given, realizing the condition of the Duke, insisted
+that his instructions should be reduced to writing. His Grace thereupon
+angrily seized a playing card from the table where he was engaged in
+gambling, and complied with the request. This card happened to be the
+nine of diamonds, and to this day is known as "the curse of Scotland." A
+long period elapsed before those who had sympathized with the Young
+Pretender's cause were restored to the good graces of the English
+throne, and it was Scotland that was compelled to bear the brunt of the
+royal displeasure. The sins of the fathers were visited upon their
+children, and it is not at all unlikely that the sympathies of Alexander
+Campbell's son, Malcolm (my grandfather), for the last of the House of
+Stuart developed a chain of circumstances that resulted, with other
+causes, in his embarkation for America.
+
+During the early period of my childhood I became familiar with the
+Jacobite songs which my father used to sing, and which had been handed
+down in the Campbell family. I was so deeply imbued during my early life
+with the Jacobite spirit of my forefathers that when I read the account
+in my English history of George I, carrying with him his little
+dissolute Hanoverian Court and crossing the water to England to become
+King of Great Britain, I felt even at that late day that the act was a
+personal grievance. Through the passage of many years a fragment of one
+of these Jacobite songs still rings in my ears:
+
+    "There's nae luck aboot the hoose,
+       There's nae luck ava [at all];
+     There's little pleasure in the hoose
+       When our gude man's awa."
+
+Even now some of those songs appeal to me possibly in the same manner as
+the "Marseillaise" to the French, or the "Ranz de Vaches" to the Swiss
+who have wandered from their mountain homes, or as the strains of our
+national hymn affect my own fellow countrymen in foreign lands, whose
+hearts are made to throb when with uncovered heads they listen, and are
+carried back in memory to the days of "auld lang syne."
+
+My grandfather, Malcolm Campbell, received the degree of Master of Arts
+from the University of St. Andrews, the great school of Scottish
+Latinity, and his diploma conferring upon him that honor is still in the
+possession of his descendants. Before leaving Scotland he had formed an
+intimacy with Andrew Picken, and during the voyage to America enjoyed
+the pleasing companionship of that gentleman together with his wife and
+their two children. Mrs. Picken was the only daughter of Sir Charles
+Burdette of London, whose wife was the daughter of the Earl of Wyndham.
+She and Andrew Picken, who was a native of Stewarton, in Ayrshire, a
+younger branch of a noble family, four years previously had made a
+clandestine marriage and, after vainly attempting to effect a
+reconciliation with her father, resolved upon emigrating to America.
+Their daughter, Mrs. Sara Jane Picken Cohen, widow of the Rev. Dr.
+Abraham H. Cohen of Richmond, Virginia, wrote the memoirs of her life,
+and in describing her parents' voyage to this country says: "It was one
+of those old-time voyages, of nine weeks and three days, from land to
+land, and a very boisterous one it was. There had been a terrific storm,
+which had raged violently for several days." This friendship formed in
+the mother country was naturally much strengthened during the long
+voyage, and when the two families finally reached New York, Mrs. Cohen
+writes: "Here we settled down our two families, strangers in a strange
+land. But the lamp of friendship burned brightly and lit us on the way;
+our children grew up together in early childhood, and as brothers and
+sisters were born in each family they were named in succession after
+each other." It is pleasant to state that this friendship formed so many
+generations ago is still continued in my family, as my daughters and I
+frequently enjoy in our Washington home the pleasing society of Mr. and
+Mrs. Roberdeau Buchanan, the latter of whom is the great granddaughter
+of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Picken.
+
+Soon after his arrival in New York Malcolm Campbell established a
+classical school at 85 Broadway nearly opposite Trinity Church. He
+edited the first American edition of Cicero's orations and of C�sar's
+commentaries, and also revised and corrected and published in 1808
+l'Abb� Tardy's French dictionary. His first edition of Cicero is
+dedicated to the "Right Reverend Benjamin Moore, D.D., Bishop of the
+Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New York, and President of
+Columbia College," and another edition with the same text and imprint is
+dedicated, in several pages of Latin, to the learned Samuel L. Mitchell,
+M.D. He and his wife were buried in the graveyard of the Wall Street
+Presbyterian Church. It may not be inappropriate in this connection to
+refer to another instructor of an even earlier period which has come
+within my notice, who taught reading, writing and arithmetic "with
+becoming accuracy." In _The New York Journal Or The General Advertiser_
+of the 30th of April, 1772, appears the following advertisement:
+
+     THE RESPECTABLE PUBLIC is hereby informed that, agreeable to
+     a former advertisement, a Seminary of Learning was opened at
+     New Brunswick, last November, by the name of _Queen's
+     College_,[1] and also a Grammar School, in order to prepare
+     Youth for the same. Any Parents or Guardians who may be
+     inclined to send their Children to this Institution, may
+     depend upon having them instructed with the greatest Care
+     and Diligence in all the Arts and Sciences usually taught in
+     public Schools; the strictest Regard will be paid to their
+     moral Conduct, (and in a word) to every Thing which may tend
+     to render them a Pleasure to their Friends, and an Ornament
+     to their Species.
+
+     Also to obviate the Objection of some to sending their
+     Children on Account of their small Proficiency in English, a
+     proper Person has been provided, who attends at the Grammar
+     School an Hour a Day, and teaches Reading, Writing and
+     Arithmetic with becoming Accuracy--It is hoped that the
+     above Considerations, together with the healthy and
+     convenient Situation of the Place, on a Pleasant and
+     navigable River, in the midst of a plentiful Country; the
+     Reasonableness of the Inhabitants in the Price of Board, and
+     the easy Access from all Places, either by Land or Water
+     will be esteemed by the considerate Public, as a sufficient
+     Recommendation of this infant College, which (as it is
+     erected upon so Catholic a Plan) will undoubtedly prove
+     _advantageous_ to our new American World, by assisting its
+     SISTER SEMMINARIES to cultivate Piety, Learning, and
+     Liberty.
+
+          _Per Order of the Trustees_,
+
+               FREDERICK FRELINGHUYSEN, Tutor.
+
+     N.B. The Vacation of the College will be expired on
+     Wednesday the 6th of May, any Students then offering
+     themselves shall be admitted into such Class, as (upon
+     Examination) they shall be found capable of entering.
+
+The signer of this interesting advertisement was graduated from
+Princeton College in 1770, and subsequently became a lawyer. His
+distinguished son, Theodore, was widely known as a philanthropist and
+Christian statesman, and at various periods was United States Senator,
+Chancellor of the New York University, President of Rutgers College, a
+candidate for the Vice Presidency of the United States, and President of
+the American Bible Society. A grandson of the signer was the Hon.
+Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, the well remembered United States
+Senator and Secretary of State under President Arthur.
+
+Speaking of the Frelinghuysen family, I recall an amusing story told at
+the expense of Newark, New Jersey. When the late Secretary Frelinghuysen
+presented himself at the gates of Heaven he was surprised not to be
+recognized by St. Peter, who asked him who he was. "I am the Hon.
+Frederick T. Frelinghuysen," was the response. "From where?" "Newark,
+New Jersey." "Newark?" quoth St. Peter, "I never heard of that place,
+but I will look on my list. No, it isn't there. I can not admit you, Mr.
+Frelinghuysen." So the old gentleman proceeded and knocked at another
+gate in the boundless immensity. The devil opened it and looked out. The
+same conversation occurred as with St. Peter. Newark wasn't "on the
+list." "My Heavens, Mr. Satan, am I then doomed to return to Newark?"
+exclaimed the New Jersey statesman, and went back to the Newark
+graveyard.
+
+My father, James Campbell, was born in Callander, Scotland, and, as I
+have before stated, came to this country with his parents as a very
+young child. Both he and his father were clad in their Highland dress
+upon their arrival in New York. His childhood was spent in the great
+metropolis, and he subsequently studied law in Albany, with the Hon.
+Samuel Miles Hopkins, the grandfather of Mrs. Arent Schuyler
+Crowninshield. He was admitted to the bar, and almost immediately became
+a Master in Chancery. In 1821 he was appointed Surrogate of New York, a
+position which he retained for twenty years. He was always a pronounced
+democrat, but notwithstanding this fact he was reappointed ten
+successive times. In 1840, however, the Whig party was in the ascendency
+in the New York Legislature, and through the instrumentality of William
+H. Seward, who introduced a system called "pipe laying," the whole
+political atmosphere was changed. "Pipe laying" was an organized scheme
+for controlling votes, and derived its name from certain political
+manipulations connected with the introduction of Croton water in New
+York City. I have learned in later years that more approved methods are
+frequently used for controlling votes. Modern ethics has discovered a
+more satisfactory method through means of powerful corporations with
+coffers wide open in the holy cause of electing candidates.
+
+This unfortunate state of affairs resulted in the removal of my father
+from office, and he immediately resumed the practice of law. Some of his
+decisions as Surrogate are regarded as precedents to this day. Two of
+the most prominent of these are "Watts and LeRoy vs. Public
+Administrator" (a decision resulting in the establishment of the Leake
+and Watts Orphan House) and "In the matter of the last Will and
+Testament of Alice Lispenard, deceased." He is said to have owned about
+this time the largest private library in New York City, composed largely
+of foreign imprints, as he seemed to have but little regard for American
+editions. The classical portion of his library, especially the volumes
+published in Paris, was regarded as unusually choice and well selected.
+He had also a large collection of Greek Testaments which he read in
+preference to the translations. He owned a copy of Didot's Virgil and I
+have always understood that, with the exception of one owned in the
+Brevoort family of New York, it was at that time the only copy in
+America. He retained his scholarly tastes throughout his whole life, and
+in looking back I delight to picture him as seated in his library
+surrounded by his beloved books. In 1850, about two years after his
+death, his library was sold at auction, the catalogue of which covers
+114 closely printed pages. Among the purchasers were William E. Burton,
+the actor, Chief Justice Charles P. Daly and Henry W. Longfellow.
+
+Professor Charles Anthon of Columbia College dedicated his Horace to my
+father in the following choice words:
+
+                            To
+                  My old & valued friend
+                   James Campbell, Esq.,
+     who, amid the graver duties of a judicial station,
+        can still find leisure to gratify a pure and
+              cultivated taste, by reviving the
+                 studies of earlier years.
+
+The following letter from Professor Anthon, the original of which is
+still retained by the family, was addressed to my mother shortly after
+my father's death.
+
+     COL[UMBIA] COLL[EGE], Sep. 3d 1849.
+
+     Dear Madam,
+
+     I dedicated the accompanying work to your lamented husband
+     in happier years, while he was still in the full career of
+     honourable usefulness; and, now that death has taken him
+     from us, I deem it but right that the volume which bore his
+     name while living, should still continue to be a memento of
+     him. May I request you to accept this humble but sincere
+     tribute to the memory of a most valued friend?
+
+          I remain, very respectfully and truly,
+
+               CHAS. ANTHON.
+
+     Mrs. Campbell,
+          Houston Street.
+
+When Professor Anthon was about forty-eight years of age Edgar Allan Poe
+described him as "about five feet, eight inches in height; rather stout;
+fair complexion; hair light and inclined to curl; forehead remarkably
+broad and high; eye gray, clear, and penetrating; mouth well-formed,
+with excellent teeth--the lips having great flexibility, and consequent
+power of expression; the smile particularly pleasing. His address in
+general is bold, frank, cordial, full of _bonhomie_. His whole air is
+_distingu�_ in the best understanding of the term--that is to say, he
+would impress anyone at first sight with the idea of his being no
+ordinary man. He has qualities, indeed, which would have assured him
+eminent success in almost any pursuit; and there are times in which his
+friends are half disposed to regret his exclusive devotion to classical
+literature."
+
+My father was a trustee of the venerable New York Society Library and
+one of the directors of the old United States Bank in Philadelphia; and
+I have in my possession a number of interesting letters from Nicholas
+Biddle, its president, addressed to him and asking his advice and
+counsel. For eighteen years he was a trustee of Columbia College in New
+York, and enjoyed the close friendship of President William A. Duer,
+Reverend and Professor John McVickar, James Renwick, Professor of
+Chemistry, whose mother, Jennie Jeffery, was Burns's "Blue-e'ed
+Lassie," and Professor Charles Anthon, all of whom filled chairs in
+that institution with unquestioned ability. My father was also a member
+of the St. Andrews Society of New York. After his death, President Duer
+in an impressive address alluded to him in the following manner:
+
+"Two of our associates with whom I have been similarly connected and
+have known from boyhood have also departed, leaving sweet memories
+behind them, James Campbell and David S. Jones, the former a scholar and
+a ripe and good one, once honoring the choice of his fellow citizens and
+winning golden opinions as Surrogate of this city and county."
+
+President Duer had a most interesting family of children. His eldest
+married daughter, Frances Maria, was the wife of Henry Shaeffe Hoyt of
+Park Place, and died recently in Newport at a very advanced age. Eleanor
+Jones Duer, another daughter, married George T. Wilson, an Englishman.
+She was a great beauty, bearing a striking resemblance to Fanny Kemble,
+and was remarkable for her strong intellect. Her marriage was
+clandestine, and the cause, as far as I know, was never explained. Still
+another daughter, Elizabeth, married Archibald Gracie King of Weehawken,
+and was a Colonial Dame of much prominence in her later years. She was
+the mother of the authoress, Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer. President
+Duer's wife was Hannah Maria Denning of Fishkill, New York. I knew her
+only as an elderly woman possessing a fine presence and social tastes.
+
+In my early life the students of Columbia College enjoyed playing
+practical jokes upon its dignified professors. As an illustration, I
+remember once seeing the death of Professor Renwick fictitiously
+published in one of the daily journals, much to the sorrow and
+subsequently the indignation of a large circle of friends. Professor
+Anthon, too, although a confirmed bachelor, had to face his turn, and
+his marriage to some unknown bride bearing an assumed name was an
+occasional announcement. But the most amusing feature of the joke would
+appear in the morning, when an emphatic denial would be seen in the
+columns of the same newspaper, accompanied by a quotation in spurious
+Latin. Professor Anthon lived with his two spinster sisters in one of
+the college buildings, and their home was a rendezvous for an
+appreciative younger generation. In connection with his duties at the
+college, he was the head of the Columbia College Grammar School, and I
+have always understood that he strictly followed the scriptural
+injunction not "to spare the rod." His victims were repeatedly heard to
+remark that these flagellations partially counterbalanced the lack of
+exercise which he felt very keenly in his sedentary life. But with all
+his austerity his pupils would occasionally be astonished over the
+amount of humor that he was capable of displaying. His handwriting was
+exquisitely minute in character, and I have in my possession two
+valentines composed by him and sent to me which are quaintly beautiful
+in language and, although sixty years old, are still in a perfect state
+of preservation.
+
+                   _To Miss Marian Campbell._
+    The Campbell is coming! Ye Gentles beware,
+    For Don Cupid lies hid in her dark flowing hair,
+    And her eyes, bright as stars that in mid-heaven roll,
+    Pierce through frock-coat and dickey right into the soul!
+    And ye lips which the coral might envy, I ween,
+    And ye pearl rows that peep from the red lips between,
+    And that soft-dimpled cheek, with the hue of the rose,
+    And that smile which bears conquest wherever it goes,
+    Oh, could I but think that you soon would be mine,
+    I'd send Marian each morning a sweet valentine.
+      Feb'y 14, 1844.
+
+(Written a few years later.)
+
+    Sweet girl! within whose laughing eye
+    A thousand little Cupids lie,
+    While every curl, that floats above
+    Thy noble brow, seems fraught with love.
+
+    Oh, list to me, my loved one, list!
+    Thy Tellkampf's suit no more resist,
+    But give to him, to call his own,
+    A heart where Kings might make their throne.
+
+John Louis Tellkampf, to whom Anthon so facetiously alludes in the
+second valentine, was a young German who frequently came to our house,
+and who, through my father's aid and influence, in subsequent years
+became professor of German in Columbia College. When we first knew him
+he spoke English with much difficulty, and it was a standing joke in our
+household that once when he desired to say that a certain person had
+been born he expressed the fact as "getting alive."
+
+Malcolm Campbell, a younger brother of mine, was graduated in 1850 from
+Columbia College near the head of his class. Among his classmates were
+Charles Seymour, subsequently Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church
+of Illinois, and the distinguished lawyer Frederick R. Coudert, whose
+father kept a boys' French school in Bleecker Street. My brother
+subsequently studied law in the office of Judge Henry Hilton, and for
+many years practiced at the New York bar. Upon a certain occasion he and
+Samuel F. Kneeland were opposing counsel in an important suit during
+which Mr. Kneeland kept quoting from his own work upon "Mechanics'
+Liens." My brother endured this as long as his patience permitted and
+then, slowly rising to his feet, said: "I have cited decisions on the
+point in controversy, but my learned opponent cites nothing except his
+own opinions printed in his own book. With such persistency has he done
+this that I have been tempted to write these lines:
+
+    "Oh, Kneeland! dear Kneeland, pray what do you mean
+     By such a fat book on the subject of Lien?
+     Was it for glory or was it for pelf,
+     Or just for the pleasure of quoting yourself?"
+
+It seems almost needless to add that this doggerel was followed by a
+round of applause, and that Chief Justice Charles P. Daly and Judge
+Joseph F. Daly, as well as Judge George M. Van Hoesen, who were on the
+bench at this time, joined in the merriment.
+
+The commencement exercises of Columbia College, as I remember them, took
+place every summer in St. John's Church opposite St. John's Park, and I
+often attended them in my early days. Columbia College at this period
+was in the lower part of the city between College and Park Places, and
+was the original King's College of colonial days. All of the professors
+lived in the college buildings in a most unostentatious manner, and I
+readily recall frequent instances during my early childhood when, in
+company with my father, I walked to the college and took a simple six
+o'clock supper with Professor Anthon and his sisters.
+
+My mother met my father while visiting in New York, and the acquaintance
+eventually resulted in a runaway marriage. They were married on the 10th
+of June, 1818, and nine days later the following notice appeared in _The
+National Advocate_:
+
+     _Married._
+
+     At Flushing, L.I., by the Rev. Mr. [Barzilla] Buckley, James
+     Campbell esq. of this city, to Miss Mary Ann Hazard,
+     daughter of John Hazard, esq. of Jamaica, Long Island.
+
+The objection of my Grandfather Hazard to my mother's marriage was not
+unnatural, as she was his only child, and being at this time well
+advanced in years he dreaded the separation. But the happy bride
+immediately brought her husband to live in the old home where she had
+been born, where the young couple began their married life under
+pleasing auspices, and my father continued his practice of law in New
+York. I had the misfortune of being a second daughter. Traditionally, I
+know that my grandfather most earnestly desired a grandson at that time,
+and when the nurse announced my birth, she was not sufficiently
+courageous to tell the truth, and said: "A boy, sir!" Her faltering
+manner possibly betrayed her, as the sarcastic retort was: "I dare say,
+an Irish boy."
+
+My ambitious parents sent me with my oldest sister, Fanny, at the early
+age of four, to a school in the village of Jamaica conducted by Miss
+Delia Bacon. My recollection of events occurring at this early period is
+not very vivid, but I still recall the vision of three beautiful women,
+Delia, Alice and Julia Bacon, who presided over our school. This
+interesting trio were nieces of the distinguished author and divine, the
+Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon, who for fifty-seven years was pastor of the
+First Congregational Church of New Haven. Many years subsequent to my
+school days, Delia Bacon became, as is well known, an enthusiastic
+advocate of the Baconian authorship of Shakespeare's plays. I have
+understood that she made a pilgrimage to Stratford-on-Avon hoping to
+secure the proper authority to reopen Shakespeare's grave, a desire,
+however, that remained ungratified. She was a woman of remarkable
+ability, and I have in my possession the book, written by her nephew,
+which tells the story of her life. I was Miss Bacon's youngest pupil,
+and attended school regularly in company with my sister, whither we were
+driven each morning in the family carriage. My studies were not
+difficult, and my principal recollection is my playing out of doors with
+a dog named Sancho, while the older children were busy inside with their
+studies.
+
+During my Long Island life, as a very young child, I was visiting my
+aunts in Jay Street, New York, when I was taken to Grant Thorburn's seed
+shop in Maiden Lane, which I think was called "The Arcade." There was
+much there to delight the childish fancy--canaries, parrots, and other
+birds of varied plumage. Thorburn's career was decidedly unusual. He
+was born in Scotland, where he worked in his father's shop as a
+nailmaker. He came to New York in 1794 and for a time continued at his
+old trade. He then kept a seed store and, after making quite a fortune,
+launched into a literary career and wrote under the _nom de plume_ of
+"Laurie Todd."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Now Rutgers College.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+NEW YORK AND SOME NEW YORKERS
+
+
+About 1828 my parents moved to New York, and immediately occupied the
+house, No. 6 Hubert Street, purchased by my father, and pleasantly
+located a short distance from St. John's Park, then the fashionable
+section of the city. This park was always kept locked, but it was the
+common play-ground of the children of the neighborhood, whose families
+were furnished with keys, as is the case with Gramercy Park to-day. St.
+John's Church overlooked this park, and the houses on the other three
+sides of the square were among the finest residences in the city. Many
+of them were occupied by families of prominence, among which were those
+of Watts, Gibbes, Kemble, Hamilton and Smedberg. Next door to us on
+Hubert Street lived Commander, subsequently Rear Admiral, Charles
+Wilkes, U.S.N., and his young family. His first wife was Miss Jane
+Jeffrey Renwick, who was a sister of Professor James Renwick of Columbia
+College, and after her death he married Mary Lynch, a daughter of Henry
+Lynch of New York and the widow of Captain William Compton Bolton of the
+Navy. This, of course, was previous to his naval achievements, which are
+such well known events in American history. In after life Admiral and
+Mrs. Wilkes moved to Washington, D.C., where I renewed my friendship of
+early days and where members of his family still reside, beloved and
+respected by the whole community.
+
+Mr. Thomas S. Gibbes of South Carolina, whose wife was Miss Susan
+Annette Vanden Heuvel, daughter of John C. Vanden Heuvel, a wealthy
+land owner, lived on Hudson Street, facing St. John's Park. Their elder
+daughter Charlotte Augusta, who married John Jacob Astor, son of William
+B. Astor, was an early playmate of mine, and many pleasant memories of
+her as a little girl cluster around St. John's Park, where we romped
+together. When I first knew the Gibbes family it had recently returned
+from a long residence in Paris, an unusual experience in these days, and
+both Charlotte Augusta and her younger sister, Annette Gibbes, sang in a
+very pleasing manner French songs, which were a decided novelty to our
+juvenile ears. Mrs. Gibbes's sisters were Mrs. Gouverneur S. Bibby and
+Mrs. John C. Hamilton.
+
+Directly opposite St. John's Park, on the corner of Varick and Beach
+streets, was Miss Maria Forbes's school for young girls, which was the
+fashionable school of the day. I attended it in company with my sister
+Fanny and my brother James who was my junior. Miss Forbes occasionally
+admitted boys to her school when accompanied by older sisters. Our life
+there was regulated in accordance with the strictest principles of
+learning and etiquette, and a child would have been deficient indeed who
+failed to acquire knowledge under the tuition of such an able teacher.
+School commenced promptly at eight o'clock and continued without
+intermission until three.
+
+The principal of the school was the daughter of John Forbes, who for
+thirty years was the librarian of the New York Society Library. He was a
+native of Aberdeen in Scotland, and was brought to this country in
+extreme youth by a widowed mother of marked determination and piety,
+with the intention of launching him successfully in life. He early
+displayed a fondness for books, and must have shown an uncommon maturity
+of mind and much executive ability, as he was only nineteen when he was
+appointed to the position just named. It is an interesting fact that he
+accepted the librarianship in 1798 with a salary of two hundred and
+fifty dollars a year in addition to the fines and two and a half per
+cent. upon all moneys collected, besides the use or rental of the lower
+front room of the library building. After many years of labor his salary
+was raised to five hundred dollars. Upon his death in October, 1824, the
+trustees, out of respect to his memory, voted to attend his funeral in a
+body and ordered the library closed for the remaining four days of the
+week. He married Miss Martha Skidmore, daughter of Lemuel Skidmore, a
+prominent iron and steel merchant of New York, and I have no doubt that
+Maria Forbes, their daughter and my early teacher, inherited her
+scholarly tastes from her father, of whom Dr. John W. Francis in his
+"Old New York" justly speaks as a "learned man."
+
+Miss Forbes was a pronounced disciplinarian, and administered one form
+of punishment which left a lasting impression upon my memory. For
+certain trivial offenses a child was placed in a darkened room and
+clothed in a tow apron. One day I was subjected to this punishment for
+many hours, an incident which naturally I have never yet been able to
+forget. On the occasion referred to Miss Forbes was obliged to leave the
+schoolroom for a few minutes and, unfortunately for my happiness,
+appointed my young brother James to act as monitor during her absence.
+His first experience in the exercise of a little authority evidently
+turned his head, for upon the return of our teacher I was reported for
+misbehavior. The charge against me was that I had smiled. It is too long
+ago to remember whether or not it was a smile of derision, but upon
+mature reflection I think it must have been. I knew, however, in my
+childish heart that I had committed no serious offense and, as can
+readily be imagined, my indignation was boundless. It was the first act
+of injustice I had ever experienced. Feeling that the punishment was
+undeserved, and smarting under it, with abundance of leisure upon my
+hands, I bit the tough tow apron into many pieces. When Miss Forbes
+after a few hours, which seemed to me an eternity, came to relieve me
+from my irksome position and noticed the condition of the apron, she
+regaled me with a homily upon the evils of bad temper, and gave as
+practical illustrations the lives of some of our most noted criminals,
+all of whom had expiated their crimes upon the gallows.
+
+In recalling these early school days it seems to me that the rudiments
+of education received far more attention then than now. Spelling was
+regarded as of chief importance and due consideration was given to
+grammar. There were no "frills" then, such as physical culture, manual
+training and the like, and vacation lasted but thirty days, usually
+during the month of August. Some of my earliest friendships were formed
+at Miss Forbes's school, many of which I have retained through a long
+life. Among my companions and classmates were the Tillotsons, Lynches,
+Astors, Kembles, Hamiltons, Duers, and Livingstons.
+
+But in spite of the severe discipline of Miss Forbes's school, her
+pupils occasionally engaged in current gossip. It was in her schoolroom
+I first made the discovery that this earth boasted of such valuable
+adjuncts to the human family as title-bearing gentlemen, and in this
+particular case it was a live Count that was brought to my notice. Count
+Louis Fitzgerald Tasistro had recently arrived in New York, and his
+engagement to Adelaide Lynch, a daughter of Judge James Lynch, of an old
+New York family, was soon announced. On the voyage to America he had
+made the acquaintance of a son of Lord Henry Gage of England, whose
+principal object in visiting this country was to make the acquaintance
+of his kinsman, Mr. Gouverneur Kemble. Through his instrumentality
+Tasistro was introduced into New York's most exclusive set, and soon
+became the lion of the hour. We girls discussed the engagement and
+subsequent marriage of the distinguished foreigner (_sub rosa_, of
+course), and to our childish vision pictured a wonderful career for this
+New York girl. The marriage, however, soon terminated unfortunately, and
+to the day of his death Tasistro's origin remained a mystery. He was an
+intellectual man of fine presence and skilled in a number of foreign
+languages. He claimed he was a graduate of Dublin College. Many years
+later, after I had become more familiar with title-bearing foreigners,
+Tasistro again crossed my path in Washington, where he was acting as a
+translator in the State Department; but after a few years, owing to an
+affection of the eyes, he was obliged to give up this position, and his
+condition was one of destitution. Through the instrumentality of my
+husband he obtained an annuity from his son, whom, by the way, he never
+knew; and for some years, in a spirit of gratitude, taught my children
+French. His last literary effort was the translation of the first two
+volumes of the Comte de Paris's "History of the Civil War in America."
+His devotion to my husband was pathetic, and I have frequently heard the
+Count say during the last years of his life that he never met him
+without some good fortune immediately following.
+
+After Mr. Gouverneur's death I received the following letter from
+Tasistro, which is so beautiful in diction that I take pleasure in
+inserting it:
+
+     WASHINGTON, April 26, 1880.
+
+     My dear Mrs. Gouverneur,
+
+     Had I obeyed implicitly the impulses of my heart, or been
+     less deeply affected by the great loss which will ever
+     render the 5th of April a day of sad & bitter memories to
+     me, I should perhaps have been more expeditious in rendering
+     to you the poor tribute of my condolence for the terrible
+     bereavement which it has pleased the Supreme Ruler of all
+     things to afflict you with.
+
+     My own particular grief in thus losing the best & most
+     valued friend I ever had on earth, receives additional
+     poignancy from the fact that, although duly impressed with
+     an abiding sense of the imperishable obligation, conferred
+     upon me by my lamented friend, I have been debarred, by my
+     own physical infirmities, from proffering those services
+     which it would have afforded me so much consolation to
+     perform.
+
+     I should be loath, however, to start on my own journey for
+     that shadowy land whose dim outlines are becoming daily more
+     & more visible to my mental eye, without leaving some kind
+     of record attesting to the depth of my appreciation of all
+     the noble attributes which clustered around your husband's
+     character--of my intense & lasting gratitude for his
+     generous exertions in my behalf, & my profound sympathy for
+     you personally in this hour of sorrow & affliction.
+
+     Hoping that you may find strength adequate to the emergency,
+     I remain, with great respect,
+
+          Your devoted servant,
+
+               L. F. TASISTRO.
+
+A valued friend of my father's was Dr. John W. Francis, the "Doctor
+Sangrado" of this period, who, with other practitioners of the day,
+believed in curing all maladies by copious bleeding and a dose of
+calomel. He was the fashionable physician of that time and especially
+prided himself upon his physical resemblance to Benjamin Franklin. He
+had much dramatic ability of a comic sort, and I have often heard the
+opinion expressed that if he had adopted the stage as a profession he
+would have rivalled the comedian William E. Burton, who at this time was
+delighting his audiences at Burton's Theater on Chambers Street. In my
+early life when Dr. Francis was called to our house professionally the
+favorite dose he invariably prescribed for nearly every ailment was
+"calomel and jalap."
+
+One day during school hours at Miss Forbes's I was suddenly summoned to
+return to my home. I soon discovered after my arrival that I was in the
+presence of a tribunal composed of my parents and Dr. Francis. I was
+completely at a loss to understand why I was recalled with, what seemed
+to me, such undue haste, as I was entirely unconscious of any
+misdemeanor. I soon discovered, however, that I was in great trouble. It
+seems that a young girl from Santa Cruz, a boarding pupil at our school,
+had died of a malady known at this period as "iliac passion," but now as
+appendicitis. Her attending physician was Dr. Ralph I. Bush, a former
+surgeon in the British Navy, and I soon learned to my dismay that I was
+accused of having made an indiscreet remark in regard to his management
+of my schoolmate's case, although to this day I have never known exactly
+how Dr. Francis, as our family physician, was involved in the affair. I
+stood up as bravely as I could under a rigid cross-examination, but,
+alas! I had no remembrance whatever of making any remark that could
+possibly offend. At any rate, Dr. Bush had given Dr. Francis to
+understand that he was ready to settle the affair according to the
+approved method of the day; but Dr. Francis was a man of peace, and had
+no relish for the code. Possibly, with the reputed activity of Sir
+Lucius O'Trigger, Dr. Bush had already selected his seconds, as I have
+seldom seen a man more unnerved than Dr. Francis by what proved after
+all to be only a trifling episode. Soon after my trying interview,
+however, explanations followed, and the two physicians amicably adjusted
+the affair.
+
+It seems that this unfortunate entanglement arose from a
+misunderstanding. There were two cases of illness at Miss Forbes's
+school at the same time, the patient of Dr. Bush already mentioned and
+another child suffering from a broken arm whom Dr. Francis attended. He
+set the limb but, as he was not proficient as a surgeon, the act was
+criticized by the schoolgirls within my hearing. My sense of loyalty to
+my family doctor caused me to utter some childish remark in his defense
+which was possibly to the effect that he was a great deal better doctor
+than Dr. Bush, who had failed to save the life of our late schoolmate.
+In recalling this childish episode which caused me so much anxiety I am
+surprised that such unnecessary attention was paid to the passing remark
+of a mere child.
+
+Dr. Francis was as proficient in quoting wise maxims as Benjamin
+Franklin, whom he was said to resemble. One of them which I recall is
+the epitome of wisdom: "If thy hand be in a lion's mouth, get it out as
+fast as thou canst."
+
+I may here state, by the way, that in close proximity to Dr. Francis's
+residence on Bond Street lived Dr. Eleazer Parmly, the fashionable
+dentist of New York. He stood high in public esteem and a few still
+living may remember his pleasing address. He accumulated a large fortune
+and I believe left many descendants.
+
+The girls at Miss Forbes's school were taught needle work and
+embroidery, for in my early days no young woman's education was regarded
+as complete without these accomplishments. I quote from memory an
+elaborate sampler which bore the following poetical effusion:
+
+    What is the blooming tincture of the skin,
+    To peace of mind and harmony within?
+    What the bright sparkling of the finest eye
+    To the soft soothing of a kind reply?
+
+    Can comeliness of form or face so fair
+    With kindliness of word or deed compare?
+    No. Those at first the unwary heart may gain,
+    But these, these only, can the heart retain.
+
+It seems remarkable that after spending months in working such effusive
+lines, or others similar to them, Miss Forbes's pupils did not become
+luminaries of virtue and propriety. If they did not their failure
+certainly could not be laid at the door of their preceptress.
+
+Miss Forbes personally taught the rudiments but Mr. Luther Jackson, the
+writing master, visited the school each day and instructed his scholars
+in the Italian style of chirography. Mr. Michael A. Gauvain taught
+French so successfully that in a short time many of us were able to
+place on the amateur boards a number of French plays. Our audiences were
+composed chiefly of admiring parents, who naturally viewed the
+performances with paternal partiality and no doubt regarded us as
+incipient Rachels. I remember as if it were only yesterday a play in
+which I took one of the principal parts--"Athalie," one of Jean Racine's
+plays.
+
+This mode of education was adopted in Paris by Madame Campan, the
+instructor of the French nobility as well as of royalty during the First
+Empire. In her manuscript memoirs, addressed to the children of her
+brother, "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet, who was then living in America,
+and of which I have an exact copy, she dwells upon the histrionic
+performances by her pupils, among whom were Queen Hortense and my
+husband's aunt, Eliza Monroe, daughter of President James Monroe and
+subsequently the wife of Judge George Hay of Virginia. She gives a
+graphic account of the Emperor attending one of these plays, when
+"Esther," one of Racine's masterpieces, was performed.
+
+The dancing master, who, of course, was an essential adjunct of every
+well regulated school, was John J. Charraud. He was a refugee from Hayti
+after the revolution in that island, and opened his dancing-school in
+New York on Murray Street, but afterwards gave his "publics" in the City
+Hall. He taught only the cotillion and the three-step waltz and came to
+our school three times a week for this purpose. Much attention was given
+to poetry, and I still recall the first piece I committed to memory,
+"Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man." My father thoroughly believed in
+memorizing verse, and he always liberally rewarded me for every piece I
+was able to recite. I may state, by the way, that Blair's Rhetoric was
+a textbook of our school and the one which I most enjoyed.
+
+Miss Forbes had a number of medals which the girls were allowed to wear
+at stated periods for proficiency in their studies as well as for
+exemplary deportment. There was one of these which was known as the
+"excellence medal," and the exultant pupil upon whom it was bestowed was
+allowed the privilege of wearing it for two weeks. Upon it was inscribed
+the well known proverb of Solomon, "Many daughters have done virtuously,
+but thou excellest them all."
+
+Among the pleasant memories of my early life are the dinners given by my
+father, when the distinguished men of the day gathered around his
+hospitable board. In New York at this time all the professional cooks
+and waiters in their employ were colored men. Butlers were then unknown.
+It was also before the days of _� la Russe_ service, and I remember
+seeing upon some of these occasions a saddle of venison, while at the
+opposite end of the table there was always a Westphalia ham. Fresh
+salmon was considered a _pi�ce de r�sistance_. Many different wines were
+always served, and long years later in a conversation with Gov. William
+L. Marcy, who was a warm friend of my father, he told me he was present
+on one of these occasions when seven different varieties of wine were
+served. I especially remember a dinner given by him in honor of Martin
+Van Buren. He was Vice-President of the United States at the time and
+was accompanied to New York by John Forsyth of Georgia, a member of
+Jackson's cabinet. Some of the guests invited to meet him were Gulian C.
+Verplanck, Thomas Morris, John C. Hamilton, Philip Hone and Walter
+Bowne. The day previous to this dinner my father received the following
+note from Mr. Van Buren:
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     Our friend Mr. Forsyth, is with me and you must send him an
+     invitation to dine with you to-morrow if, as I suppose is
+     the case, I am to have that honor.
+
+          Yours truly,
+
+               M. VAN BUREN.
+               Sunday, June 9, '33.
+
+     J. Campbell, Esq.
+
+Martin Van Buren was a political friend of my father's from almost his
+earliest manhood. Two years after he was appointed Surrogate he received
+the following confidential letter from Mr. Van Buren. As will be seen,
+it was before the days when he wrote in full the prefix "Van" to his
+name:
+
+     _Private._
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     Mr. Hoyt wishes me to quiet your apprehensions on the
+     subject of the Elector.[2] I will state to you truly how the
+     matter stands. My sincere belief is that we shall succeed;
+     at the same time I am bound to admit that the subject is
+     full of difficulties. If the members were now, and without
+     extraneous influence, to settle the matter, the result would
+     be certain. But I know that uncommon exertions have been,
+     and are making, by the outdoor friends of Adams & Clay to
+     effect a co-operation of their forces in favor of a divided
+     ticket. Look at the "National Journal" of the 23d, and you
+     will find an article, prepared with care, to make influence
+     there. A few months ago Mr. Adams would have revolted at
+     such a publication. It is the desperate situation of his
+     affairs that has brought him to it. The friends of Clay
+     (allowing Adams more strength than he may have), have no
+     hopes of getting him (Clay) into the house, unless they get
+     a part of this State. The certain decline of Adams in other
+     parts & the uncertainty of his strength in the east alarm
+     his friends on the same point. Thus both parties are led to
+     the adoption of desperate measures. Out of N. England Adams
+     has now no reason to expect more than his three or four
+     votes in Maryland. A partial discomfiture in the east may
+     therefore bring him below Mr. Clay's western votes, & if it
+     should appear that he (Adams) cannot get into the house, the
+     western votes would go to Crawford. If nothing takes place
+     materially to change the present state of things, we hope to
+     defeat their plans here. But if you lose your Assembly
+     ticket, there is no telling the effect it may produce, & my
+     chief object in being thus particular with you is to conjure
+     your utmost attention to that subject. About the Governor's
+     election there is no sort of doubt. I am not apt to be
+     confident, & _I aver that the matter is so._ But it is to
+     the Assembly that interested men look, and the difference of
+     ten members will (with the information the members can have
+     when they come to act) be decisive in the opinion of the
+     present members as to the complexion of the next house.
+     There are _other points of view_ which I cannot now state to
+     you, in which the result I speak of may seriously affect the
+     main question. Let me therefore entreat your serious
+     attention to this matter. _Be careful of this._ Your city is
+     a gossiping place, & what you tell to one man in confidence
+     is soon in the mouths of hundreds. You can impress our
+     friends on this subject without connecting me with it. Do
+     so.
+
+          Your sincere friend,
+
+               M. V. BUREN.
+               Albany, Octob. 28, 1824.
+
+     James Campbell, Esq.
+
+The Mr. Hoyt referred to in the opening sentence of this letter was
+Jesse Hoyt, another political friend of my father's who, under Van
+Buren's administration, was Collector of the Port of New York. During my
+child life on Long Island he made my father occasional visits, and in
+subsequent years lived opposite us on Hubert Street. He was the first
+one to furnish me with a practical illustration of man's perfidy. As a
+very young child I consented to have my ears pierced, when Mr. Hoyt
+volunteered to send me a pair of coral ear-rings, but he failed to carry
+out his promise. I remember reading some years ago several letters
+addressed to Hoyt by "Prince" John Van Buren which he begins with "Dear
+Jessica."
+
+Table appointments at this time were most simple and unostentatious.
+Wine coolers were found in every well regulated house, but floral
+decorations were seldom seen. At my father's dinners, given upon special
+occasions, the handsome old silver was always used, much of which
+formerly belonged to my mother's family. The forks and spoons were of
+heavy beaten silver, and the knives were made of steel and had ivory
+handles. Ice cream was always the dessert, served in tall pyramids, and
+the universal flavor was vanilla taken directly from the bean, as
+prepared extracts were then unknown. I have no recollection of seeing
+ice water served upon any well-appointed table, as modern facilities for
+keeping it had yet to appear, and cold water could always be procured
+from pumps on the premises. The castors, now almost obsolete, containing
+the usual condiments, were _de rigueur_; while the linen used in our
+home was imported from Ireland, and in some cases bore the coat of arms
+of the United States with its motto, "_E Pluribus Unum_." My father's
+table accommodated twenty persons and the dinner hour was three o'clock.
+These social functions frequently lasted a number of hours, and when it
+became necessary the table was lighted by lamps containing sperm oil and
+candles in candelabra. These were the days when men wore ruffled shirt
+fronts and high boots.
+
+I still have in my possession an acceptance from William B. Astor, son
+of John Jacob Astor, to a dinner given by my father, written upon very
+small note paper and folded in the usual style of the day:
+
+     Mr. W. Astor will do himself the honor to dine with Mr.
+     Campbell to-day agreeable to his polite invitation.
+
+     May 28th.
+
+     James Campbell Esq.
+          Hubert Street.
+
+I well remember a stag dinner given by my father when I was a child at
+which one of the guests was Philip Hone, one of the most efficient and
+energetic Mayors the City of New York has ever had. He is best known
+to-day by his remarkable diary, edited by Bayard Tuckerman, which is a
+veritable storehouse of events relating to the contemporary history of
+the city. Mr. Hone had a fine presence with much elegance of manner, and
+was truly one of nature's noblemen. Many years ago Arent Schuyler de
+Peyster, to whom I am indebted for many traditions of early New York
+society, told me that upon one occasion a conversation occurred between
+Philip Hone and his brother John, a successful auctioneer, in which the
+latter advocated their adoption of a coat of arms. Philip's response was
+characteristic of the man: "I will have no arms except those Almighty
+God has given me."
+
+In this connection, and _�propos_ of heraldic designs and their
+accompaniments, I have been informed that the Hon. Daniel Manning,
+Cleveland's Secretary of the Treasury, used upon certain of his cards of
+invitation a crest with the motto, "Aquila non capit muscas" ("The eagle
+does not catch flies"). This brings to my mind the following anecdote
+from a dictionary of quotations translated into English in 1826 by D. N.
+McDonnel: "Casti, an Italian poet who fled from Russia on account of
+having written a scurrilous poem in which he made severe animadversions
+on the Czarina and some of her favorites, took refuge in Austria. Joseph
+II. upon coming in contact with him asked him whether he was not afraid
+of being punished there, as well as in Russia, for having insulted his
+high friend and ally. The bard's steady reply was 'Aquila non capit
+muscas.'" Sir Francis Bacon, however, was the first in the race, as long
+before either Manning or Casti were born he made use of these exact
+words in his "Jurisdiction of the Marshes."
+
+In my early days John H. Contoit kept an ice cream garden on Broadway
+near White Street, and it was the first establishment of this kind, as
+far as I know, in New York. During the summer months it was a favorite
+resort for many who sought a cool place and pleasant society, where they
+might eat ice cream under shady vines and ornamental lattice work. The
+ice cream was served in high glasses, and the price paid for it was
+twelve and one-half cents. Nickles and dimes were of course unknown, but
+the Mexican shilling, equivalent to twelve and one-half cents, and the
+quarter of a dollar, also Mexican, were in circulation.
+
+There were no such places as lunchrooms and tearooms in my early days,
+and the only restaurant of respectability was George W. Browne's "eating
+house," which was largely frequented by New Yorkers. The proprietor had
+a very pretty daughter, Mrs. Coles, who was brought prominently before
+the public in the summer of 1841 as the heroine of an altercation
+between August Belmont and Edward Heyward, a prominent South Carolinian,
+followed by a duel in Maryland in which Belmont is said to have been so
+seriously wounded as to retain the scars until his death.
+
+Alexander T. Stewart's store, corner of Broadway and Chambers Street,
+was the fashionable dry goods emporium, and for many years was without a
+conspicuous rival. William I. Tenney, Horace Hinsdale, Henry Gelston,
+and Frederick and Henry G. Marquand were jewelers. Tenney's store was on
+Broadway near Murray Street; Gelston's was under the Astor House on the
+corner of Barclay Street and Broadway; Hinsdale's was on the east side
+of Broadway and Cortlandt Street; and the Marquands were on the west
+side of Broadway between Cortlandt and Dey Streets.
+
+James Leary bore the palm in New York as the fashionable hatter, and his
+shop was on Broadway under the Astor House. As was usual then with his
+craft, he kept individual blocks for those of his customers who had
+heads of unusual dimensions. In his show window he sometimes exhibited a
+block of remarkable size which was adapted to fit the heads of a
+distinguished trio, Daniel Webster, General James Watson Webb, and
+Charles Augustus Davis. Miss Anna Leary of Newport, his daughter and a
+devout Roman Catholic, received the title of Countess from the Pope.
+
+The most prominent hostelry in New York before the days of the Astor
+House was the City Hotel on lower Broadway. I have been informed that
+the site upon which it stood still belongs to representatives of the
+Boreel family, descendants of the first John Jacob Astor. Another, but
+of a later period, was the American Hotel on Broadway near the Astor
+House. It was originally the town house of John C. Vanden Heuvel, a
+member of one of New York's most exclusive families. Upon Mr. Vanden
+Heuvel's death this house passed into the possession of his son-in-law,
+John C. Hamilton, who changed it into a hotel. Its proprietor was
+William B. Cozzens, who was so long and favorably known as a hotel
+proprietor. At this same time he had charge of the only hotel at West
+Point, and it was named after him. If any army officers survive who were
+cadets during Cozzens's _r�gime_ they will recall with pleasure his
+kindly bearing and attractive manner. Mr. Vanden Heuvel's country
+residence was in the vicinity of Ninetieth Street overlooking the Hudson
+River. His other daughters were Susan Annette, who married Mr. Thomas S.
+Gibbes of South Carolina, and Justine, who became the wife of Gouverneur
+S. Bibby, a cousin of my husband.
+
+As I first remember Union Square it was in the outskirts of the city.
+Several handsome houses had a few years previously been erected there by
+James F. Penniman, the son-in-law of Mr. Samuel Judd, the latter of whom
+amassed a large fortune by the manufacture and sale of oil and candles.
+Miss Lydia Kane, a sister of the elder De Lancey Kane and a noted wit of
+the day, upon a certain occasion was showing some strangers the sights
+of New York, and in passing these houses was asked by whom they were
+occupied. "That one," she responded, indicating the one in which the
+Pennimans themselves lived, "is occupied by one of the _illuminati_ of
+the city."
+
+Robert L. Stuart and his brother Alexander were proprietors of a large
+candy store on the corner of Chambers and Greenwich Streets, under the
+firm name of R. L. & A. Stuart. Their establishment was a favorite
+resort of the children of the day, who were as much addicted to sweets
+as are their more recent successors. "Broken candy" was a specialty of
+this firm, and was sold at a very low price. Alexander Stuart frequently
+waited upon customers, and as a child I have often chattered with him
+over the counter. He never married.
+
+The principal markets were Washington on the North River, and Fulton on
+the east side. The marketing was always done by the mistress of each
+house accompanied by a servant bearing a large basket. During the season
+small girls carried strawberries from door to door, calling out as they
+went along; and during the summer months hot corn, carried in closed
+receptacles made for the purpose, was sold by colored men, whose cries
+could be heard in every part of the city.
+
+Mrs. Isaac Sayre's bakery was an important shop for all housewives, and
+her homemade jumbles and pound cake were in great demand. Her plum cake,
+too, was exceptionally good, and it is an interesting fact that it was
+she who introduced cake in boxes for weddings. Her shop survived for an
+extraordinary number of years and, as far as I know, may still exist and
+be kept by some of her descendants.
+
+I must not omit to speak of a peculiar custom which in this day of
+grace, when there are no longer any old women, seems rather odd. A
+woman immediately after her marriage wore a cap made of some light
+material, which she invariably tied with strings under her chin. Most
+older women were horrified at the thought of gray hairs, and immediately
+following their appearance false fronts were purchased, over which caps
+were worn. I well recall that some of the most prominent women of the
+day concealed fine heads of hair in this grotesque fashion. Baldheaded
+men were not tolerated, and "scratches" or wigs provided the remedy.
+Marriage announcements were decidedly informal. When the proper time
+arrived for the world to be taken into the confidence of a young couple,
+they walked upon Broadway arm in arm, thus announcing that their
+marriage was imminent.
+
+A dinner given in my young days by my parents to Mr. and Mrs. William C.
+Rives still lingers in my memory. Mr. Rives had just been appointed to
+his second mission to France, and with his wife was upon the eve of
+sailing for his new post of duty. I remember that it was a large
+entertainment, but the only guests whom I recall in addition to the
+guests of honor were Mr. and Mrs. James A. Hamilton. He was a son of
+Alexander Hamilton, and was at the time United States District Attorney
+in New York. It seems strange, indeed, that the other guests should have
+escaped my memory, but a head-dress worn by Mrs. Hamilton struck my
+young fancy and I have never forgotten it. As I recall that occasion I
+can see her handsome face surmounted by a huge fluffy pink cap. This Mr.
+and Mrs. Hamilton were the parents of Alexander Hamilton, the third, who
+married Angelica, daughter of Maturin Livingston, and who, by the way,
+as I remember, was one of the most graceful dancers and noted belles of
+her day.
+
+Thomas Morris, son of Robert Morris the great financier of the
+Revolution, was my father's life-long friend. He was an able
+_raconteur_, and I recall many conversations relating to his early
+life, a portion of which had been spent in Paris at its celebrated
+Polytechnic School. One incident connected with his career is especially
+interesting. When the sordid Louis Philippe, then the Duke of Orleans,
+was wandering in this country, teaching in his native tongue "the young
+idea how to shoot," he was the guest for a time of Mr. Morris. Several
+years later when John Greig, a Scotchman and prominent citizen of
+Canandaigua, New York, was about to sail for France, Mr. Morris gave him
+a letter of introduction to the Duke. Upon his arrival in Havre after a
+lengthy voyage he found much to his surprise that Louis Philippe was
+comfortably seated upon the throne of France. Under these altered
+conditions he hesitated to present his letter, but after mature
+consideration sought an audience with the new King; and it is a pleasing
+commentary upon human nature to add that he was welcomed with open arms.
+The King had by no means forgotten the hospitality he had received in
+America, and especially the many favors extended by the Morris family.
+Mr. Morris's wife was Miss Sarah Kane, daughter of Colonel John Kane,
+and she was beautiful even in her declining years. She also possessed
+the wit so characteristic of the Kanes, who, by the way, were of Celtic
+origin, being descended from John Kane who came from Ireland in 1752.
+She was the aunt of the first De Lancey Kane, who married the pretty
+Louisa Langdon, the granddaughter of John Jacob Astor. Their daughter,
+Emily Morris, made frequent visits to our house. She was renowned for
+both beauty and wit. I remember seeing several verses addressed to her,
+the only lines of which I recall are as follows:
+
+    That calm collected look,
+    As though her pulses beat by book.
+
+Another intimate friend of my father was Frederick de Peyster, who at a
+later day became President of the New York Historical Society. He
+habitually took Sunday tea with us, and always received a warm welcome
+from the juvenile members of the family with whom he was a great
+favorite. He was devoted to children, and delighted our young hearts by
+occasional presents of game-chickens which at once became family pets.
+
+In 1823 and 1824 my father's sympathies were deeply enlisted in behalf
+of the Greeks in their struggles for independence from the Turkish rule.
+It will be remembered that this was the cause to which Byron devoted his
+last energies. The public sentiment of the whole country was aroused to
+a high pitch of excitement, and meetings were held not only for the
+purpose of lending moral support and encouragement to the Greeks, but
+also for raising funds for their assistance. Among those to whom my
+father appealed was his friend, Rudolph Bunner, a highly prominent
+citizen of Oswego, N.Y. Although a lawyer he did not practice his
+profession, but devoted himself chiefly to his extensive landed estates
+in Oswego county. He was wealthy and generous, a good liver and an
+eloquent political speaker. He served one term in Congress where, as
+elsewhere, he was regarded as a man of decided ability. He died about
+1833 at the age of nearly seventy. The distinguished New York lawyer,
+John Duer, married his daughter Anne, by whom he had thirteen children,
+one of whom, Anna Henrietta, married the late Pierre Paris Irving, a
+nephew of Washington Irving and at one time rector of the Episcopal
+church at New Brighton, Staten Island. Mr. Bunner's letter in response
+to my father's appeal is not devoid of interest, and is as follows:
+
+     OSWEGO, 12 Jan'y 1824.
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     Though I have not written to you yet you were not so soon
+     forgotten. Nor can you so easily be erased from my memory as
+     my negligence might seem to imply. In truth few persons
+     have impressed my mind with a deeper sentiment of respect
+     than yourself; you have that of open and frank in your
+     character which if not in my own, is yet so congenial to my
+     feelings that I shall much regret if my habitual indolence
+     can lose me such a friend. Your request in favor of the
+     Greeks will be hard to comply with. If I can be a
+     contributor in a humble way to their success by my exertions
+     here they shall not want them, but I fear the _angusta res
+     domi_ may press too heavily upon us to permit of an
+     effectual benevolence. If you wanted five hundred men six
+     feet high with sinewy arms and case hardened constitutions,
+     bold spirits and daring adventurers who would travel upon a
+     bushel of corn and a gallon of whiskey per man from the
+     extreme point of the world to Constantinople we could
+     furnish you with them, but I doubt whether they could raise
+     the money to pay their passage from the gut of Gibraltar
+     upwards. The effort however shall be made and if we can not
+     shew ourselves rich we will at least manifest our good will.
+     Though Greece touches few Yankee settlers thro the medium of
+     classical associations yet a people struggling to free
+     themselves from foreign bondage is sure to find warm hearts
+     in every native of the wilderness. We admire your noble
+     efforts and if we do not imitate you it is because our
+     purses are as empty as a Boetian's skull is thick. We know
+     so little of what is _really_ projecting in the cabinets of
+     Europe that we are obliged to believe implicitly in
+     newspaper reports, and we are perhaps foolish in hoping that
+     the Holy Alliance intends to take the Spanish part of the
+     New World under their protection. In such an event our
+     backwoodsmen would spring with the activity of squirrels to
+     the assistance of the regenerated Spaniards and perhaps
+     _there_ we might fight more effectually the battle for
+     universal Freedom than either at Thermopyl� or Marathon.
+     There indeed we might strike a blow that would break up the
+     deep foundations of despotic power so as that neither art or
+     force could again collect and cement the scattered elements.
+     We are too distant from Greece to make the Turks feel our
+     physical strength and what we can do thro money and
+     sympathy is little in comparison with what we could if they
+     were so near as that we might in addition pour out the tide
+     of an armed northern population to sweep their shores and
+     overcome the tyrants like one of their pestilential winds.
+     Nevertheless, sympathy is a wonderful power and the sympathy
+     of a free nation like our own will not lose its moral
+     effect. I calculate strongly on this. It is a more refined
+     and rational kind of chivalry--this interest and activity in
+     the fate of nations struggling to break the oppressor's rod,
+     and it should be encouraged even where it is not directed so
+     as to give it all adequate force. They who would chill it,
+     who would reason about the why and the wherefore ought to
+     recollect that such things can not be called forth by the
+     art of man--they must burst spontaneously from his nature
+     and be directed by his wisdom for the benefit of his
+     kind.... We are all here real Radical Democrats and though
+     some of us came in at the eleventh hour we will not go back,
+     but on--on--on though certain of missing the penny fee. In
+     truth this is the difference between real conviction and the
+     calculating policy which takes sides according to what it
+     conceives the vantage ground. A converted politician is as
+     obstinate in his belief as one born in the faith. The man of
+     craft changes his position according to the varying aspect
+     of the political heavens. The one plays a game--the other
+     sees as much of reality (or thinks he sees) in politicks as
+     he does in his domestic affairs and is as earnest in the one
+     as the other.
+
+          Salve--[Greek: Kai Chaire]
+
+               R. BUNNER.
+
+
+     8 o'clock.
+
+     I have had a full meeting for your Greeks--and found my men
+     of more mettle than I hoped for. We will do something thro
+     the _Country_--We have set the Parsons to work and one
+     shilling a head will make a good donation. We think we can
+     give you 4 or 5 hundred dollars.
+
+Mr. Bunner was over sixty years old when he went to live in Oswego, but
+he soon became identified with the interests of the place and added much
+by his activities to its local renown. In an undated letter to my
+father, he thus expatiates upon his situation in his adopted home, and
+paints its advantages in no uncertain colors:--
+
+     I am here unquestionably an exile but I will never dispond
+     at my fate nor whimper because my own folly, want of tact or
+     the very malice of the times have placed me in Patmos when I
+     desire a more splendid theatre. I can here be useful to my
+     family--to my district. I can live cheaply, increase my
+     fortune, be upon a par with the best of my neighbors, which
+     I prefer to the feasts of your ostentatious mayor or the
+     more real luxury of Phil Brasher's Table. Our population is
+     small, our society contracted, but we are growing rapidly in
+     numbers; and the society we have is in my opinion and to my
+     taste fully equal to anything in your home. We possess men
+     of intelligence without pretention, active men as Jacob
+     Barker without his roguery--men whom nature intended to
+     flourish at St. James, but whose fate fortune in some fit of
+     prolifick humor fixed and nailed to this Sinope. We have
+     however to mitigate the cold spring breezes of the lake a
+     fall unrivalled in mildness and in beauty even in Italy, the
+     land of poetry and passion. We have a whole lake in front,
+     whose clear blue waters are without a parallel in Europe. We
+     have a beautiful river brawling at our feet, the banks of
+     which gently slope and when our village is filled I will
+     venture to say that in point of beauty, health and variety
+     of prospect it has _nil simile aut secundum_.
+
+Our house was the rendezvous of many of the learned and literary men of
+the day, who would sit for hours in the library discussing congenial
+topics. Among others I well recall the celebrated jurist, Ogden Hoffman.
+He had an exceptionally melodious voice, and I have often heard him
+called "the silver-tongued orator." It has been asserted that in
+criminal cases a jury was rarely known to withstand his appeal. He
+married for his second wife Virginia E. Southard, a daughter of Judge
+Samuel L. Southard of New Jersey, who throughout Monroe's two
+administrations was Secretary of War. In the "Wealthy Citizens of New
+York," edited in 1845 by Moses Y. Beach, an early owner in part of _The
+New York Sun_, the Hoffman family is thus described: "Few families, for
+so few a number of persons as compose it, have cut 'a larger swath' or
+'bigger figure' in the way of posts and preferment. Talent, and also
+public service rendered, martial gallantry, poetry, judicial acumen,
+oratory, all have their lustre mingled with this name." I regard this
+statement as just and truthful.
+
+Still another valued associate of my father was Hugh Maxwell, a
+prominent member of the New York bar. In his earlier life he was
+District Attorney and later Collector of the Port of New York. The
+Maxwells owned a pleasant summer residence at Nyack-on-the-Hudson, where
+we as children made occasional visits. Many years later one of my
+daughters formed an intimate friendship with Hugh Maxwell's
+granddaughter, Virginia De Lancey Kearny, subsequently Mrs. Ridgely
+Hunt, which terminated only with the latter's death in 1897.
+
+From my earliest childhood Gulian C. Verplanck was a frequent guest at
+our house. He and my father formed an intimacy in early manhood which
+lasted throughout life. Mr. Verplanck was graduated from Columbia
+College in 1801, the youngest Bachelor of Arts who, up to that time, had
+received a diploma from that institution of learning. Both he and my
+father found in politics an all-absorbing topic of conversation,
+especially as both of them took an active part in state affairs. I have
+many letters, one of them written as early as 1822, from Mr. Verplanck
+to my father bearing upon political matters in New York. For four terms
+he represented his district in Congress, while later he served in the
+State Senate and for many years was Vice Chancellor of the University of
+the State of New York. He was an ardent Episcopalian and a vestryman in
+old Trinity Parish. He was a brilliant conversationalist, and his
+tastes, like my father's, were decidedly literary. In connection with
+William Cullen Bryant and Robert C. Sands, he edited _The Talisman_, an
+annual which continued through the year 1827. Mr. Verplanck lived to an
+old age and survived my father for a long time, but he did not forget
+his old friend. Almost a score of years after my father's death, on the
+4th of July, 1867, Mr. Verplanck delivered a scholarly oration before
+the Tammany Society of New York, in which he paid the following glowing
+tribute to his memory:
+
+     In those days James Campbell, for many years the Surrogate
+     of this city, was a powerful leader at Tammany Hall, and
+     from character and mind alone, without any effort or any act
+     of popularity. He was not college-bred, but he was the son
+     of a learned father, old Malcolm Campbell, who had been
+     trained at Aberdeen, the great school of Scotch Latinity.
+     James Campbell was, like his father, a good classical
+     scholar, and he was a sound lawyer. He was not only an
+     assiduous, a kind, sound and just magistrate, but one of
+     unquestioned ability. In his days of Surrogateship, the days
+     of universal reporting, either in the multitudinous volumes
+     in white law bindings on the shelves of lawyers, or in the
+     crowded columns of the daily papers, had not quite arrived
+     though they were just at hand. Had he lived and held office
+     a few years later, I do not doubt that he would have ranked
+     with the great luminaries of legal science. As it is, I fear
+     that James Campbell's reputation must share the fate of the
+     reputations of many able and eminent men in all professions
+     who can not
+
+                        Look to Time's award,
+    Feeble tradition is their memory's guard.
+
+The most prominent newspaper in New York in my early days was the
+_Courier and Enquirer_, edited by General James Watson Webb, a man of
+distinguished ability. He began his literary career by editing the
+_Morning Courier_, but as this was not a very successful venture he
+purchased the _New York Enquirer_ from Mordecai Manasseh Noah, and in
+1829 merged the two papers. Several leading journalists began their
+active careers in his office, among others James Gordon Bennett,
+subsequently editor of _The New York Herald_, Henry J. Raymond, the
+founder of _The New York Times_, and Charles King, father of Madam Kate
+King Waddington and Mrs. Eugene Schuyler, who at one time edited _The
+American_ and subsequently became the honored president of Columbia
+College. James Reed Spaulding, a New Englander by birth, was also
+connected with the _Courier and Enquirer_ for about ten years. In 1860
+he became a member of the staff of the New York _World_, which, by the
+way, was originally intended to be a semi-religious sheet. During
+President Lincoln's administration General Webb sold the _Courier and
+Enquirer_ to the _World_, and the two papers were consolidated. William
+Seward Webb of New York was a son of this General Webb, and the latter's
+daughter, Mrs. Catharine Louisa Benton, the widow of Colonel James G.
+Benton of the army, lived until recently in Washington, and is one of
+the pleasant reminders left me of the old days of my New York life.
+
+_The New York Herald_ was established some years after the _Courier and
+Enquirer_ and was from the first a flourishing sheet. It was
+exceptionally spicy, and it dealt so much in personalities that my
+father, who was a gentleman of the old school with very conservative
+views, was not, to say the least, one of its strongest admirers. Several
+years before the Civil War, at a time when the anti-slavery cauldron was
+at its boiling point, its editor, the elder James Gordon Bennett,
+dubbed its three journalistic contemporaries in New York, the World, the
+Flesh, and the Devil--the _World_, representing human life with all its
+pomps and vanities; the _Times_, as a sheet as vacillating as the flesh;
+and the _Tribune_, as the virulent champion of abolition, the
+counterpart of the Devil himself.
+
+During the winter of 1842 James Gordon Bennett took his bride, who was
+Miss Henrietta Agnes Crean of New York, to Washington on their wedding
+journey. As this season had been unusually severe, great distress
+prevailed, and a number of society women organized a charity ball for
+the relief of the destitute. It was given under the patronage of Mrs.
+Madison (the ex-President's widow), Mrs. Samuel L. Gouverneur (my
+husband's mother), Mrs. Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (Julia Maria Dickinson of
+Troy, New York), and other society matrons, and, as can readily be
+understood, was a financial as well as a social success. Tickets were
+eagerly sought, and Mr. Bennett applied for them for his wife and
+himself. At first he was refused, but after further consideration Mrs.
+Madison and Mrs. Gouverneur of the committee upon invitations granted
+his request on condition that no mention of the ball should appear in
+the columns of the _Herald_. Mr. Bennett and his wife accordingly
+attended the entertainment, where the latter was much admired and danced
+to her heart's content. Two days later, however, much to the chagrin and
+indignation of the managers, an extended account of the ball appeared in
+the _Herald_. This incident will be better appreciated when I state that
+at this time the personal mention of a woman in a newspaper was an
+unheard-of liberty. It was the old-fashioned idea that a woman's name
+should occur but twice in print, first upon the occasion of her marriage
+and subsequently upon the announcement of her death. My husband once
+remarked to me, upon reading a description of a dress worn by one of my
+daughters at a ball, that if such a notice had appeared in a newspaper
+in connection with his sister he or his father would have thrashed the
+editor.
+
+John L. O'Sullivan, a prominent literary man and in subsequent years
+minister to Portugal, edited a periodical called the _Democratic
+Review_, which was published in magazine form. I well recall the first
+appearance of _Harper's Magazine_ in June, 1850, and that for some time
+it had but few illustrations. _The Evening_ Post was established in
+1801, many years prior to the _Courier and Enquirer_. It was always
+widely read, was democratic in its tone, and its editorials were highly
+regarded. While I lived in New York, and also much later, it was edited
+by William Cullen Bryant, who was as gifted as an editor as he was as a
+poet. I have before me now a reprint of the first issue of this paper,
+dated Monday, November 16, 1801. I copy some of the advertisements, as
+many old New York names are represented:
+
+            FOR SALE BY HOFFMAN & SETON
+
+     Twelve hhds. assorted Glass Ware.
+     2 boxes Listadoes,
+     1 trunk white Kid Gloves,
+     200 boxes Soap & Candles,
+     60 bales Cinnamon, entitled to drawback.
+     Nov. 16.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    FREIGHT
+
+     For Copenhagen or Hamburgh,
+     The bark BERKKESKOW, Capt.
+     Gubriel Tothammer, is ready to receive
+     freight for either of the above places, if application
+     is made to the Captain on board, at Gouverneur's
+     Wharf.
+
+                GOUVERNEUR & KEMBLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    FOR SALE
+
+     Gin in pipes; large and small green Bottle
+     Cases, complete; Glass Ware, consisting of
+     Tumblers, Decanters, &c.; Hair Brushes, long and
+     short; black and blue Dutch Cloth; Flour, by
+
+                FREDERICK DE PEYSTER.
+
+     A STORE HOUSE in Broad-street to let, apply
+     as above.            Nov. 16.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     THE SUBSCRIBER has for sale, remaining from
+     the cargo of the ship Sarson, from Calcutta,
+     an assortment of WHITE PIECE GOODS.
+
+     Also
+
+     50 tierces Rice,          60 hhds. Jamaica Rum,
+     15 bales Sea-Island       10,000 Pieces White
+     Cotton,                   Nankeens,
+     29 tierces and 34 bls.    A quantity of Large
+     Jamaica Coffee,           Bottles in cases,
+                               And as usual, Old
+     Madeira Wine, fit for immediate use.
+
+                                        ROBERT LENOX.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[2] Possibly this word is "Election."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+SCHOOL-DAYS AND EARLY FRIENDS
+
+
+I must return to my school days. After several years spent at Miss
+Forbes's my parents decided to afford me greater advantages for study,
+and especially for becoming more proficient in the French language, and
+I was accordingly sent to Madame Eloise Chegaray's institution, which
+for many years was regarded as the most prominent girls' school in the
+country. It was a large establishment located on the corner of Houston
+and Mulberry Streets, where she accommodated boarding pupils as well as
+day scholars. Many years later this building was sold to the religious
+order of the _Sacre Coeur_. The school hours were from nine until three,
+with an intermission at twelve o'clock. The vacation, as at Miss
+Forbes's, was limited to the month of August. The discipline was not so
+rigid as at Miss Forbes's, as Madame Chegaray, who, by the way, taught
+her pupils to address her as _Tante_, governed almost entirely by
+affection. She possessed unusual grace of manner and great kindness of
+heart, and her few surviving pupils hold her name and memory in the
+highest esteem. Her early history is of exceptional interest. She was a
+daughter of Pierre Prosper D�sabaye, and came with her father and the
+other members of his family from Paris to New York on account of his
+straitened circumstances, caused by an insurrection in San Domingo,
+where his family owned large estates. Madame Chegaray commenced as a
+mere girl to teach French in a school in New Brunswick, New Jersey, kept
+by Miss Sophie Hay, and was retained on account of the extreme purity of
+her accent.
+
+I chance to have in my possession Madame Chegaray's own account of her
+early struggles after leaving Miss Hay, from which I take great pleasure
+in quoting:
+
+     Among the royal _�migr�s_ to this country was the Countess
+     de St. Memin who kept a school. As my brother Marc had
+     removed to New York we joined him and I was employed as
+     French governess in the school of Mademoiselle de St. Memin.
+     But I still knew nothing but to speak my own native tongue.
+     One day I was bewailing my ignorance in the presence of M.
+     Felix de Beaujour, Consul General of France to this country.
+
+     "Mlle. Eloise," he said, "quand on sait lire on peut
+     toujours s'istruire."
+
+     This gave me a new thought. I set seriously about studying.
+     I took classes. What I was to teach on the morrow I studied
+     the night before. I worked early and late. With the return
+     of Louis Philippe the St. Memins returned to France and I
+     became a teacher in the school of Madame Nau. Here I studied
+     and taught. On me fell all the burden of the school while
+     Madame Nau amused herself with harp and piano. For this I
+     had only $150 a year. To further assist my family I knit
+     woolen jackets. They were a great deal of trouble to me and
+     I was very grateful to Madame Isaac Iselin, the mother of
+     Mr. Adrain Iselin, who always found purchasers to give me
+     excellent prices. Ah, I was young then. I thought that I
+     earned that money. Now I know that it was only her delicate
+     manner of doing me a service. Madame Iselin bought my
+     jackets and then gave them away.
+
+     Feeling that I was worth much to Madame Nau, and that I must
+     do more to relieve my brother Marc, my brother Gustave
+     having gone to sea with Captain de Peyster, I begged Madame
+     Nau to give me $250. This she refused. Her reply, "Me navra
+     le coeur," overwhelmed me. It was Saturday. I started home
+     in great distress and met on the way the dear admirable Miss
+     Sophy Hay to whom I told my sorrow.
+
+     "Miss Hay," I exclaimed, "I will open a school for myself."
+     She tapped me on the forehead. "Do, dear Eloise, and God
+     will help you."
+
+     How all difficulties were smoothed away! The dear Madame
+     Iselin took charge of all my purchases, advancing the money.
+     They were very simple, those splint chairs and carpets and
+     tables, for we were simpler-minded then. On the 1st of May
+     1814 I opened my school on Greenwich Street with sixteen
+     pupils. Good M. Roulet gave me his two wards. I received
+     several scholars from a convent just closed and I had my
+     nieces Am�line and Laura B�rault de St. Maurice and Clara
+     the daughter of Marc [D�sabaye], who afterward married Ponty
+     Lemoine, the lawyer in whose office Charles O'Conor studied.
+     Thus was my school started, and I take this occasion to
+     express my gratitude to those who confided in so young an
+     instructress--for I was only twenty-two--the education of
+     their daughters, and I pray God to bless them and their
+     country....
+
+Many well-known women were educated at this school, and one of the first
+pupils was Miss Sarah Morris, the granddaughter of Lewis Morris, the
+Signer, and the mother of the senior Mrs. Hamilton Fish. A younger
+sister of Mrs. Fish, Christine, who many years later was a pupil of
+Madame Chegaray, and who is now Mrs. William Preston Griffin of New
+York, ministered to Madame Chegaray in her last illness, and told me
+that her parting words to her were, "_Adieu, ch�re Christine, fid�le
+amie._" In spite of her extreme youth Madame Chegaray took an
+exceptionally serious view of life, even refusing to wear flowers in her
+bonnets or to sing, although she had a very sweet voice. She dearly
+loved France, but she was a broad-minded woman and her knowledge of
+American affairs was as great as that of her own country. She rounded
+out nearly a century of life, the greater part of which was devoted to
+others, and I pay her the highest tribute in my power when I say that
+she faced the many vicissitudes of life with an undaunted spirit, and
+bequeathed to her numerous pupils the inestimable boon of a wonderful
+example.
+
+All the teachers in Madame Chegaray's school were men, with the single
+exception of Mrs. Joseph McKee, the wife of a Presbyterian clergyman.
+Among those who taught were John Bigelow, who is still living in New
+York at an advanced age, and who in subsequent years was Secretary of
+State of New York and our Minister to France; Thatcher T. Payne; Edward
+G. Andrew, who became in the course of years a Bishop in the Methodist
+Church; Professor Robert Adrain, who taught mathematics, and who at the
+same time was one of the faculty of Columbia College; and Lorenzo L. da
+Ponte. The latter was a man of unusual versatility, and was especially
+distinguished as a linguist. He taught us English literature in such a
+successful manner that we regarded that study merely as a recreation.
+Mr. da Ponte was a son of Lorenzo da Ponte, a Venitian of great
+learning, who after coming to this country rendered such conspicuous
+services in connection with Dominick Lynch in establishing Italian opera
+in New York. He was also a professor of Italian for many years in
+Columbia College, the author of a book of sonnets, several works
+relating to the Italian language and of his own life, which was
+published in three volumes. Mr. Samuel Ward, a noted character of the
+day, the brother of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and who married Emily Astor,
+daughter of William B. Astor, wrote an interesting memoir of him. Madame
+Chegaray taught the highest classes in French. "If I had to give up all
+books but two," she was fond of saying, "I would choose the Gospels and
+La Fontaine's Fables. In one you have everything necessary for your
+spiritual life; in the other you have the epitome of all worldly
+wisdom."
+
+When I entered Madame Chegaray's school she had about a hundred pupils,
+a large number of whom were from the Southern States. How well I
+remember the extreme loyalty of the Southern girls to their native soil!
+I can close my eyes and read the opening sentence of a composition
+written by one of my comrades, Elodie Toutant, a sister of General
+Pierre G. T. Beauregard of the Confederate Army--"The South, the South,
+the beautiful South, the garden spot of the United States." This
+chivalric devotion to the soil whence they sprang apparently was
+literally breathed into my Southern school companions from the very
+beginning of their lives. Their loyalty possessed a fascination for me,
+and although I was born, reared and educated in a Northern State, I had
+a tender feeling for the South, which still lingers with me, for most of
+the friendships I formed at Madame Chegaray's were with Southern girls.
+
+My first day at Madame Chegaray's, like many other beginnings, was
+something of an ordeal, but it was my good fortune to meet almost
+immediately Henrietta Croom, a daughter of Henry B. Croom, a celebrated
+botanist of North Carolina, but who, with his family, had spent much of
+his life in Tallahassee. Many are the pleasant hours we spent together,
+but to my sorrow she graduated at an early age, and a few months later
+embarked, in company with her parents, a younger brother and sister and
+an aunt, Mrs. Cammack, upon a vessel called the _Home_ for Charleston,
+South Carolina, where they had planned to make their future residence.
+When they had been several days at sea their vessel encountered a severe
+storm off Cape Hatteras, and after a brave struggle with the terrific
+elements every member of the family sank with the ship within a few
+miles of the spot where the Crooms had formerly lived. This occurred on
+the 9th of October, 1836. They had as fellow voyagers a brother of
+Madame Chegaray, who, with his wife and three children, had only just
+left the school to make the voyage to Charleston. They, too, lost their
+lives. Over Madame Chegaray's school as well as her household at once
+hung a pall, and gloom and mourning prevailed on every side; indeed, the
+whole city of New York shared in our sorrow. The newspapers of the day
+were filled with accounts of this direful disaster, but there were few
+survivors to tell the tale. My late playmate, Henrietta Croom, was one
+of the most popular girls at school, possessing great attractions of
+both mind and person, and, although at the time she was merely a child
+in years, the New Year's address of a prominent daily newspaper of the
+day contained an extended reference to her which strongly appealed to my
+grief-stricken fancy. Though more than sixty years have passed I have
+always preserved it with great care in memory of the "sweet damsel" of
+long ago. The following are the lines to which I have just referred:
+
+    Dear Home! what magic trembles in the word;
+    Each bosom's fountain at its sound is stirred,
+    Disgusted worldlings dream of early love
+    And weary Christians turn their eyes above--
+    Well was't thou nam'd, fair bark, whose recent doom
+    Has many a household wrapt in deepest gloom!
+    On earth no more those voyagers' steps shall roam
+    That cast their anchor at an Heavenly "Home"!
+    High beat their hearts, when first their fated prow
+    Cut through the surge that boils above them now,
+    They saw in vision rapt their fatherland
+    And felt once more its odorous breezes bland--
+    The frozen North receded from their sight
+    And fancy's dream entranced them with delight--
+    Oh! who can tell what pangs their soul assail'd
+    When every hope of life and rescue fail'd,
+    When wild despair their throbbing bosoms wrung
+    And winds and waves a doleful requiem sung?
+    There stood the husband whose protecting arm
+    'Till now had kept his lov'd ones safe from harm.
+    Remorseless grown, the demon of the storm
+    Swept from his grasp her trembling, fragile form.
+    Vague fear o'er children's lineaments convuls'd,
+    But selfish hands their frenzied cling repuls'd.
+    When death's grim aspect meets the startl'd view
+    To grovelling souls fair mercy bids adieu!
+    And thou, sweet damsel! who in girlhood's bloom
+    Descended then to fill an ocean tomb--
+    What were _thy_ thoughts, when roaring for their prey
+    The foaming billows choked the watery way!
+    'Tis said that souls have giv'n in parting hour
+    A vast and fearful and mysterious power.
+    A chart pictorial of the past is made,
+    In which minute events are all portray'd--
+    One painful glance the scroll entire surveys
+    And then in death the blasted eye-balls glaze--
+    Perchance at that dark moment when the maid
+    On life's dim verge her coming doom survey'd,
+    Such vision flash'd across her spirit pure,
+    And help'd the youthful beauty to endure.
+    Her infant sports beneath the spreading lime,
+    Her recent school-days, in a northern clime--
+    Her gentle deeds--her treasur'd thoughts of love--
+    All plum'd her pinions for a flight above!
+
+The Croom family owned large plantations in the South together with many
+slaves. A short time after it was definitely known that not a member of
+the family had survived, there was a legal contest over the estate by
+the representatives of both sides of the household, the Crooms and the
+Armisteads. Eminent members of the Southern bar were employed, among
+whom were Judge John McPherson Berrien of Savannah and Joseph M. White
+of Florida, often called "Florida White." After about twenty years of
+litigation the suit was decided in favor of the Armisteads. It seems
+that as young Croom, a lad of twelve, nearly reached the shore he was
+regarded as the survivor, and his grandmother, Mrs. Henrietta Smith of
+Newbern, North Carolina, his nearest living relative, became his heir. I
+have always understood that this hotly contested case has since been
+regarded as a judicial precedent.
+
+A few days after receiving the news of the shipwreck of the _Home_, I
+found by accident in my father's library an _�dition de luxe_, just
+published in London, of "Les Dames de Byron." In it was an illustration
+entitled "Leila," which bore a wonderful resemblance to my best friend,
+Henrietta Croom. Beneath were the following lines, which seemed to
+suggest her history, and the coincidence was so apparent that I
+immediately committed them to memory, and it is from memory that I now
+give them:
+
+    She sleeps beneath the wandering wave;
+    Ah! had she but an earthly grave
+    This aching heart and throbbing breast
+    Would seek and share her narrow rest.
+    She was a form of life and light
+    That soon became a part of sight,
+    And rose where'er I turned mine eye--
+    The morning-star of memory.
+
+Another schoolmate and friend of mine at Madame Chegaray's was Josephine
+Habersham of Savannah, a daughter of Joseph Habersham and a
+great-granddaughter of General Joseph Habersham, who succeeded Timothy
+Pickering as Postmaster General during Washington's second term and
+retained the position under Adams and Jefferson until the latter part of
+1801. She was one of Madame Chegaray's star pupils in music. She
+frequently made visits to my home, remaining over Saturday and Sunday,
+and delighted the family by playing in a most masterly manner the
+Italian music then in vogue. A few years after her return to her
+Southern home she married her cousin, William Neyle Habersham, an
+accomplished musician. For many years they lived in Savannah in the
+greatest elegance, until the Civil War came to disturb their tranquil
+dreams. Two young sons, both under twenty-one, laid down their lives for
+the Southern cause during that conflict. After their great sorrow music
+was their chief solace, and they delighted their friends by playing
+together on various musical instruments.
+
+New Orleans was represented at our school by a famous beauty, Catharine
+Alexander Chew, a daughter of Beverly Chew, the Collector of the Port of
+New Orleans, and whose wife, Miss Maria Theodosia Duer, was a sister of
+President William Alexander Duer of Columbia College. He and Richard
+Relf, cashier of the Louisiana State Bank, were the business partners
+and subsequently the executors of the will of Daniel Clark of the same
+city, and it was against them that the latter's daughter, Myra Clark
+Gaines, the widow of General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, U.S.A., fought her
+famous legal battles for over half a century. Miss Chew married Judge
+Thomas H. Kennedy of New Orleans and left many descendants. The sister
+of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Elodie Toutant, whom I have already
+mentioned, was also from Louisiana. She was a studious girl, and a most
+attractive companion. The original family name was Toutant, but towards
+the close of the sixteenth century the last male descendant of the
+family died, and an only surviving daughter having married Sieur Paix de
+Beauregard, the name became Toutant de Beauregard, the prefix _de_
+having subsequently been dropped.
+
+Still another friendship I formed at Madame Chegaray's school was with
+Elizabeth Clarkson Jay, which through life was a source of intense
+pleasure to me and lasted until her pure and gentle spirit returned to
+its Maker. She was the daughter of Peter Augustus Jay, a highly
+respected lawyer, and a granddaughter of the distinguished statesman,
+John Jay. She was a deeply religious woman, and died a few years ago in
+New York after a life consecrated to good works.
+
+One of the brightest girls in my class was Sarah Jones, a daughter of
+one of New York's most distinguished jurists, Chancellor Samuel Jones.
+She and another schoolmate of mine, Maria Brandegee, who lived in LeRoy
+Place, were intimate and inseparable companions. The mother of the
+latter belonged to a Creole family from New Orleans, named D�slonde, and
+was the aunt of the wife of John Slidell of Confederate fame. The
+Brandegees were devout Roman Catholics, while the members of the Jones
+family were equally ardent Episcopalians. Archbishop Hughes of New York
+was a welcome and frequent visitor at the Brandegee house, where, in my
+younger days, I frequently had the pleasure of meeting him and listening
+to his attractive conversation. In this manner Sarah Jones also came
+into contact with him. Deeply impressed by his teachings, she followed
+him to the Cathedral, where she soon became a regular attendant. In the
+course of time she became a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and a
+few years later entered the order of the _Sacre Coeur_, at
+Manhattanville, where she eventually became Mother Superior and remained
+as such for many years.
+
+Quite a number of years ago I was the guest of the family of Charles
+O'Conor, the distinguished jurist and leader of the New York bar, at his
+handsome home at Fort Washington, a suburb of New York. He was the son
+of the venerable Thomas O'Conor, editor of _The Shamrock_, the first
+paper published in New York for Irish and Catholic readers, and also the
+author of a history of the second war with Great Britain. One afternoon
+Mr. O'Conor suggested that I should accompany him upon a drive to the
+Convent of the _Sacre Coeur_ a few miles distant. He was anxious to
+confer with Madame Mary Aloysia Hardey, who was then Mother Superior. I
+was delighted to accept this invitation, as Mr. O'Conor was an
+exceptionally agreeable companion and his spare moments were but few and
+far between. Before reaching our destination, I remarked that Madame
+Jones, an old schoolmate of mine, was an inmate of this Convent, and
+that I should be very glad to see her again. Upon our arrival, Sarah
+Jones greeted me in the parlor and seemed glad to see me after the lapse
+of so many years. Leading as she was the life of a _religieuse_, our
+topics of conversation were few, but I noticed that she seemed
+interested in discussing her own family, about whom evidently she was
+not well informed. After a brief visit and while homeward bound, Mr.
+O'Conor inquired whether Madame Jones knew that her father, the
+Chancellor, was rapidly approaching death. I replied that apparently she
+had no knowledge of his serious condition, and several days later I saw
+his death announced in a daily newspaper. Many years after my interview
+with Sarah Jones I met at the residence of Mrs. Henry R. Winthrop of New
+York an older sister of hers, Mary Anna Schuyler Jones, who at the time
+was the widow of the Reverend Dr. Samuel Seabury of the Episcopal
+Church. We lunched together, and the conversation naturally drifted back
+to other days and to my old schoolmate, her sister, Sarah Jones. She
+told me that she had seen but little of her in recent years, but related
+a curious episode in regard to meeting her under unusual circumstances.
+It seems that Mrs. Seabury, accompanied by a young daughter, was
+returning from a visit to Europe, when she noticed that the occupants of
+the adjoining state-room were unusually quiet. In time she made the
+discovery that they were nuns returning from a business trip abroad.
+Upon examination of the passenger list, she discovered to her
+astonishment that her sister, Madame Jones, was occupying the adjoining
+room. They met daily thereafter throughout the voyage, and afterwards
+returned to their respective homes.
+
+I especially remember an incident of my school-life which was decidedly
+sensational. Sally Otis, a young and pretty girl and a daughter of James
+W. Otis, then of New York but formerly of Boston, was in the same class
+with me. One morning we missed her from her accustomed seat, but during
+the day we learned the cause of her absence. The whole Otis family had
+been taken ill by drinking poisoned coffee. Upon investigation the cook
+reported that a package of coffee had been sent to the house, and,
+taking it for granted that it had been ordered by some member of the
+household, she had used it for breakfast. The whole matter was shrouded
+in mystery, and gossip was rife. One story was that a vindictive woman
+concentrated all of her malice upon a single member of the family
+against whom she had a grievance and thus endangered the lives of the
+whole Otis family. Fortunately, none of the cases proved fatal, but
+several inmates of the house became seriously ill.
+
+A few years before I entered Madame Chegaray's school, Virginia Scott,
+the oldest daughter of Major General Winfield Scott, enjoyed _Tante's_
+tutelage for a number of years. She was a rare combination of genius and
+beauty, and, apart from her remarkable personality, was a skilled
+linguist and an accomplished vocal and instrumental musician. This
+unusual combination of gifts suggests the Spanish saying: "Mira
+favorecida de Dios" ("Behold one favored of God!"). Her life, however,
+was brief, though deeply interesting. In the first blush of womanhood
+she accompanied her mother and sisters to Europe, and, after several
+years spent in Paris, made a visit to Rome, where she immediately became
+imbued with profound religious convictions. Through the instrumentality
+of Father Pierce Connelly, a convert to Catholicism, she was received
+into the Roman Catholic Church while in the Holy City, and made her
+profession of faith in the Chapel of St. Ignatius, where the ceremony
+took place by the special permission of the Most Rev. John Roothan,
+General of the Jesuits. General Scott meanwhile had returned to the
+United States, having been promoted to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of
+the Army with headquarters in Washington. Accompanied by her mother,
+Virginia Scott returned to America and, after a short time spent with
+her parents in Washington, drove to Georgetown and, without their
+knowledge or consent, was received there as an inmate of the "Convent of
+the Visitation." Her family was bitterly opposed to the step, more
+especially her mother, whose indignation was so pronounced that she
+never to the day of her death forgave the Church for depriving her of
+her daughter's companionship. General Scott, however, frequently visited
+her in her cloistered home, and always manifested much consideration for
+the Convent as well as for the nuns, the daily companions of his
+daughter. Although she possessed a proud and imperious nature, combined
+with great personal beauty and much natural _hauteur_, she soon became
+as gentle as a lamb. She died about a year after entering the Convent,
+but she retained her deep religious convictions to the last. She is
+buried beneath the sanctuary in the chapel of the Georgetown Convent. In
+connection with her a few lines often come to my mind which seem so
+appropriate that I can not deny myself the pleasure of quoting them:
+
+    She was so fair that in the Angelic choir,
+    She will not need put on another shape
+    Than that she bore on earth.
+
+I have heard it stated that during Virginia Scott's residence in Paris
+there existed a deep attachment between herself and a young gentleman of
+foreign birth. The story goes that in the course of time he became as
+devoted to his religion as he had hitherto been to the beautiful
+American, and that it was agreed between them that they should both
+consecrate themselves thereafter to the service of God. He accordingly
+entered at once upon a religious life. I have heard that they afterwards
+met at a service before the altar, but that there was no recognition. As
+intimate as I became with the members of the Scott family in subsequent
+years, I never heard any allusion to this incident in their family
+history, and I can readily understand that it was a subject upon which
+they were too sensitive to dwell.
+
+Father Connelly, whom I have mentioned in connection with Miss Scott's
+conversion, began his career as an Episcopal clergyman. There was a
+barrier to his becoming a Roman Catholic priest, as he was married; but
+his wife soon shared in his religious ardor, and when he entered the
+priesthood she became a nun. He lacked stability, however, in his
+religious views, and was subsequently received again into the Episcopal
+Church. It was his desire that his wife should at once join him but she
+refused to leave the Convent, and she finally became the founder of the
+Order of the "Sisters of the Holy Child." I have heard that he took
+legal measures to obtain possession of her, but if so he was
+unsuccessful in his efforts.
+
+Another one of Madame Chegaray's distinguished pupils was Martha Pierce
+of Louisville. As she attended this school some years before I entered,
+I knew of her in these days only by reputation. But some years later I
+had the pleasure of knowing her quite intimately, when she talked very
+freely with me in regard to her eventful life. She told me that upon a
+certain occasion in the days when women rarely traveled alone she was
+returning to Kentucky under the care of Henry Clay, and stopped in
+Washington long enough to visit the Capitol. Upon its steps she was
+introduced to Robert Craig Stanard of Richmond, upon whom she apparently
+made a deep impression, for one year later the handsome young Southerner
+carried the Kentucky girl, at the age of sixteen, back to Virginia as
+his bride. During her long life in Richmond her home, now the
+Westmoreland Club, was a notable _salon_, where the _beaux esprits_ of
+the South gathered. She survived Mr. Stanard many years. Beautiful, even
+in old age, gifted and cultivated, her attractions of face and intellect
+paled before her inexpressible charm of manner. She traveled much abroad
+and especially in England. A prominent Kentuckian once told me that he
+heard Washington Irving say that Mrs. Stanard received more attention
+and admiration in the highest circles of English society than any other
+American woman he had ever known. She corresponded for many years with
+Thackeray, the Duke of Wellington and many other prominent Englishmen,
+and in her own country was equally distinguished. In the course of one
+of our numerous conversations she told me that after the death of Edward
+Everett she loaned his biographer the letters she had received from that
+distinguished orator. During the latter part of her life she gave up her
+house in Richmond and came to Washington to reside, where she remained
+until the end of her life. She left no descendants. Her husband's
+mother, Jane Stith Craig, daughter of Adam Craig of Richmond, was
+immortalized by Edgar Allan Poe, who, fictitiously naming her "Helen,"
+paid feeling tribute to her charms in those beautiful verses commencing:
+
+    Helen, thy beauty is to me
+      Like those Nicean barks of yore,
+    That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,
+      The weary, way-worn wanderer bore
+      To his own native shore.
+
+Among my other schoolmates at Madame Chegaray's were Susan Maria
+Clarkson de Peyster, a daughter of James Ferguson de Peyster, who
+subsequently married Robert Edward Livingston; Margaret Masters, a
+daughter of Judge Josiah Masters of Troy, New York, and the wife of John
+W. King; Virginia Beverly Wood, a daughter of Silas Wood of New York,
+who became the wife of John Leverett Rogers; and Elizabeth MacNiel,
+daughter of General John MacNiel of the Army and wife of General Henry
+W. Benham of the U.S. Engineer Corps.
+
+After a number of years spent in teaching, Madame Chegaray gave up her
+New York school and moved to Madison, New Jersey (at one time called
+Bottle Hill), with the intention of spending the remainder of her life
+in retirement; but she was doomed to disappointment. Discovering almost
+immediately that through a relative her affairs had become deeply
+involved, she with undaunted courage at once opened a school in Madison
+in the house which she had purchased with the view of spending there the
+declining years of her life. Previous to this time I had been one of her
+day scholars; I entered the second school as a boarding pupil. Once a
+week we were driven three miles to Morristown to attend church. I recall
+an amusing incident connected with this weekly visit to that place. One
+Sunday a fellow boarder, thinking that perhaps she might find some
+leisure before the service to perfect herself in her lesson for the
+following day, thoughtlessly took along with her a volume of French
+plays by Voltaire. During the service someone in a near pew observed the
+author's name upon the book, and forthwith the Morristown populace was
+startled to hear that among Madame Chegaray's pupils was a follower of
+the noted infidel. It took some time to convince the public that this
+book was carried to church by my schoolmate without her teacher's
+knowledge; and the girl was horrified to learn that she was
+unintentionally to blame for a new local scandal. While I was at Madame
+Chegaray's I owned a schoolbook entitled "Shelley, Coleridge and Keats."
+I brought it home with me one day, but my father took it away from me
+and, as I learned later, burned it, owing to his detestation of
+Shelley's moral character. On one occasion he quoted in court some
+extracts from Shelley as illustrative of the poet's character, but I
+cannot recall the passage.
+
+After two years spent in Madison, Madame Chegaray returned to New York
+and reopened her school on the corner of Union Square and Fifteenth
+Street in three houses built for her by Samuel B. Ruggles. At that time
+the omnibuses had been running only to Fourteenth Street, but, out of
+courtesy to this noble woman, their route was extended to Fifteenth
+Street, where a lamp for the same reason was placed by the city. Madame
+Chegaray taught here for many years, but finally moved to 78 Madison
+Avenue, where she remained until, on account of old age, she was obliged
+to give up her teaching.
+
+While I was still attending Madame Chegaray's school, my father, under
+the impression that I was not quite as proficient in mathematics and
+astronomy as it was his desire and ambition that I should be, employed
+Professor Robert Adrian of Columbia College to give me private
+instruction in my own home. Under his able tuition, I particularly
+enjoyed traversing the firmament. I was always faithful to the planet
+Venus, whose beauty was to me then, as now, a constant delight. In those
+youthful days my proprietorship in this heavenly body seemed to me as
+well established as in a Fifth Avenue lot, and was quite as tangible. I
+regarded myself in the light of an individual proprietor, and, like
+Alexander Selkirk in his far away island of the sea, my right to this
+celestial domain there was none to dispute.
+
+After the flight of so many years, and in view, also, of the fact that
+sometimes the world seems to us older women to be almost turned upside
+down, it may not be uninteresting to speak of some of the books which
+were familiar to me during my school days. One of the first I ever read
+was "Clarissa Harlowe" by Samuel Richardson. "Cecilia," by Frances
+Burney, was another well-known book of the day. Mrs. Amelia Opie was
+also a popular authoress, and her novel entitled "White Lies" should, in
+my opinion, grace every library. Miss Maria Edgeworth and Mrs. Ann Eliza
+Bray, the latter of whom so graphically depicted the higher phases of
+English life, were popular authoresses in my earlier days in New York.
+Many years later some of the books I have mentioned were republished by
+the Harpers. "Gil Blas," whose author, Le Sage, was the skilful
+delineator of human nature, its attributes and its frailties, was much
+read, and, in my long journey through life, certain portions of this
+book have often been recalled to me by my many and varied experiences. I
+must not fail to speak of the "Children of the Abbey," by Regina M.
+Roche, where the fascinations of Lord Leicester are so vividly
+portrayed; nor of another book entitled "The Three Spaniards," by George
+Walker, which used to strike terror to my unsophisticated soul.
+
+When Madame Chegaray retired temporarily from her school life and moved
+to Madison in New Jersey, Charles Canda, who had taught drawing for her,
+established a school of his own in New York which became very prominent.
+He had an attractive young daughter, who met with a most heartrending
+end. On her way to a ball, in company with one of her girl friends,
+Charlotte Canda was thrown from her carriage, and when picked up her
+life was extinct. As there were no injuries found upon her body, it was
+generally supposed that the shock brought on an attack of heart-failure.
+Subsequently the disconsolate parents ordered from Italy a monument
+costing a fabulous sum of money for those days, which was placed over
+the grave of their only daughter in Greenwood Cemetery, where it still
+continues to command the admiration of sightseers. This tragic incident
+occurred in February, 1845, on the eve of the victim's seventeenth
+birthday.
+
+While Madame Chegaray was my teacher there was a charming French society
+in New York, her house being the rendezvous of this interesting social
+circle. I recall with much pleasure the names of Boisseau, Trudeau,
+Boisaubin, Thebaud and Brugiere. Madame Chegaray's sister, Caroline,
+together with her husband, Charles B�rault, who taught dancing, and
+their three daughters, resided with her. The oldest, Madame Vincente
+Rose Am�line (Madame George R. A. Chaulet), taught music for her aunt;
+the second niece, Marie-Louise Jos�phine Laure, married Joseph U. F.
+d'Hervilly, a Frenchman, and in after life established a school in
+Philadelphia which she named Chegaray Institute; while the youngest,
+Pauline, married a gentleman from Cuba, named de Ruiz, and now resides
+in Paris.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+LIFE AND EXPERIENCES IN THE METROPOLIS
+
+
+My health was somewhat impaired by an attack of chills and fever while I
+was still a pupil at Madame Chegaray's school. Long Island was
+especially affected with this malady, and even certain locations on the
+Hudson were on this account regarded with disfavor. In subsequent years,
+when the building operations of the Hudson River railroad cut off the
+water in many places and formed stagnant pools, it became much worse. As
+I began to convalesce, Dr. John W. Francis prescribed a change of air,
+and I was accordingly sent to Saratoga to be under the care of my
+friend, Mrs. Richard Armistead of North Carolina. A few days after my
+arrival we were joined by Mrs. De Witt Clinton and her attractive
+step-daughter, Julia Clinton. The United States Hotel, where we stayed,
+was thronged with visitors, but as I was only a young girl my
+observation of social life was naturally limited and I knew but few
+persons. Mrs. Clinton was a granddaughter of Philip Livingston, the
+Signer, and married at a mature age. She had a natural and most profound
+admiration for the memory of her illustrious husband, whom I have heard
+her describe as "a prince among men," and she cherished an undying
+resentment for any of his political antagonists.
+
+While we were still at the United States Hotel, Martin Van Buren, at
+that time President of the United States, arrived in Saratoga and
+sojourned at the same hotel with us. His visit made an indelible
+impression upon my memory owing to a highly sensational incident. During
+the evening of the President's arrival Mrs. Clinton was promenading in
+the large parlor of the hotel, leaning upon the arm of the Portuguese
+_Charg� d'Affaires_, Senhor Joaquim Cesar de Figani�re, when Mr. Van
+Buren espying her advanced with his usual suavity of manner to meet her.
+With a smile upon his face, he extended his hand, whereupon Mrs. Clinton
+immediately turned her back and compelled her escort to imitate her,
+apparently ignoring the fact that he was a foreign diplomat and that his
+conduct might subsequently be resented by the authorities in Washington.
+This incident, occurring as it did in a crowded room, was observed by
+many of the guests and naturally created much comment. In talking over
+the incident the next day Mrs. Clinton told me she was under the
+impression that Mr. Van Buren clearly understood her feelings in regard
+to him, as some years previous, when he and General Andrew Jackson
+called upon her together, she had declined to see him, although Jackson
+had been admitted. This act was characteristic of the woman. It was the
+expression of a resentment which she had harbored against Mr. Van Buren
+for years and which she was only abiding her time to display. I was
+standing at Mrs. Clinton's side during this dramatic episode, and to my
+youthful fancy she seemed, indeed, a heroine!
+
+Mrs. Clinton was a social leader in Gotham before the days of the
+_nouveaux riches_, and her sway was that of an autocrat. Her presence
+was in every way imposing. She possessed many charming characteristics
+and was in more respects than one an uncrowned queen, retaining her
+wonderful tact and social power until the day of her death. I love to
+dwell upon Mrs. Clinton because, apart from her remarkable personal
+characteristics, she was the friend of my earlier life. Possessed as she
+was of many eccentricities, her excellencies far counterbalanced them.
+Of the latter, I recall especially the unusual ability and care she
+displayed in housekeeping, which at that time was regarded as an
+accomplishment in which every woman took particular pride. To be still
+more specific, she apparently had a much greater horror of dirt than the
+average housewife, and carried her antipathy to such an extent that she
+tolerated but few fires in her University Place establishment in New
+York, as she seriously objected to the uncleanness caused by the dust
+and ashes! No matter how cold her house nor how frigid the day, she
+never seemed to suffer but, on the contrary, complained that her home
+was overheated. Her guests frequently commented upon "the nipping and
+eager air" which Shakespeare's Horatio speaks of, but it made no
+apparent impression upon their hostess.
+
+Mrs. Clinton's articulation was affected by a slight stammer, which, in
+my opinion, but added piquancy to her epigrammatic sayings. She once
+remarked to me, "I shall never be c-c-cold until I'm dead." An impulse
+took possession of me which somehow, in spite of the great difference in
+our ages, I seemed unable to resist, and I retorted, "We are not all
+assured of our temperatures at that period." She regarded me for a few
+moments with unfeigned astonishment, but said nothing. I did not suffer
+for my temerity at that moment, but later I was chagrined to learn she
+had remarked that I was the most impertinent girl she had ever known. I
+remember that upon another occasion she told me that one of Governor
+Clinton's grandchildren, Augusta Clinton, was about to leave school at a
+very early age. "Doesn't she intend to finish her education?" I
+inquired. "No," was the quick and emphatic but stuttering reply, "she's
+had sufficient education. I was at school only two months, and I'm sure
+I'm smart enough." Her niece, Margaret Gelston, who was present and was
+remarkable for her clear wits, retorted: "Only think how much smarter
+you'd have been if you had remained longer." In an angry tone Mrs.
+Clinton replied, "I don't want to be any smarter, I'm smart enough."
+
+Mrs. Clinton's two nieces, the Misses Mary and Margaret Gelston, were
+among my earliest and most intimate friends. They occupied a prominent
+social position in New York and both were well known for their unusual
+intellectuality. They were daughters of Maltby Gelston, President of the
+Manhattan Bank, and granddaughters of David Gelston, who was appointed
+Collector of the Port of New York by Jefferson and retained that
+position for twenty years. Late in life Mary Gelston married Henry R.
+Winthrop of New York. She died a few years ago leaving an immense estate
+to Princeton Theological Seminary. "I pray," reads her will, "that the
+Trustees of this Institution may make such use of this bequest as that
+the extension of the Church of Christ on earth and the glory of God may
+be promoted thereby." In the same instrument she adds: "As a similar
+bequest would have been made by my deceased sister, Margaret L. Gelston,
+had she survived me, I desire that the said Trustees should regard it as
+given jointly by my said sister and by me." Some distant relatives,
+thinking that her money could be more satisfactorily employed than in
+the manner indicated, contested the will, and the Seminary finally
+received, as the result of a compromise, between $1,600,000 and
+$1,700,000.
+
+One of my earliest recollections is of John Jacob Astor, a feeble old
+man descending the doorsteps of his home on Broadway near Houston Street
+to enter his carriage. His house was exceedingly plain and was one of a
+row owned by him. His son, William Backhouse Astor, who married a
+daughter of General John Armstrong, Secretary of War under President
+Madison, during at least a portion of his father's life lived in a fine
+house on Lafayette Place. I have attended evening parties there that
+were exceedingly simple in character, and at which Mrs. Astor was always
+plainly dressed and wore no jewels. I have a very distinct recollection
+of one of these parties owing to a ludicrous incident connected with
+myself. My mother was a woman of decidedly domestic tastes, whose whole
+life was so immersed in her large family of children that she never
+allowed an event of a social character to interfere with what she
+regarded as her household or maternal duties. We older children were
+therefore much thrown upon our own resources from a social point of
+view, and when I grew into womanhood and entered society I was usually
+accompanied to entertainments by my father. Sometimes, however, I went
+with my lifelong friend, Margaret Tillotson Kemble, a daughter of
+William Kemble, of whom I shall speak hereafter. Upon this particular
+occasion I had gone early in the day to the Kembles preparatory to
+spending the night there, with the intention of attending a ball at the
+Astors'. Having dined, supped, and dressed myself for the occasion, in
+company with Miss Kemble and her father I reached the Astor residence,
+where I found on the doorstep an Irish maid from my own home awaiting my
+arrival. In her hand she held an exquisite bouquet of pink and white
+japonicas which had been sent to me by John Still Winthrop, the _fianc�_
+of Susan Armistead, another of my intimate friends. The bouquet had
+arrived just after my departure from home and, quite unknown to my
+family, the Irish maid out of the goodness of her heart had taken it
+upon herself to see that it was placed in my hands. I learned later
+that, much to the amusement of many of the guests, she had been awaiting
+my arrival for several hours. It seems almost needless to add that I
+carried my flowers throughout the evening with much girlish pride and
+pleasure.
+
+Among the guests at this ball was Mrs. Francis R. Boreel, the young and
+beautiful daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Langdon, who wore in her dark
+hair a diamond necklace, a recent gift from her grandfather, John Jacob
+Astor. It was currently rumored at the time that it cost twenty thousand
+dollars, which was then a very large amount to invest in a single
+article of that character. Mrs. Langdon's two other daughters were Mrs.
+Matthew Wilks, who married abroad and spent her life there, and the
+first Mrs. De Lancey Kane, who made a runaway match, and both of whom
+left descendants in New York. All three women were celebrated for their
+beauty, but Mrs. Boreel was usually regarded as the handsomest of the
+trio. Mrs. Walter Langdon was Dorothea Astor, a daughter of John Jacob
+Astor, and her husband was a grandson of Judge John Langdon of New
+Hampshire, who equipped Stark's regiment for the battle of Bennington,
+and who for twelve years was a member of the United States Senate and
+was present as President _pro tempore_ of that body at the first
+inauguration of Washington.
+
+Another society woman whose presence at this ball I recall, and without
+whom no entertainment was regarded as complete, was Mrs. Charles
+Augustus Davis, wife of the author of the well-known "Jack Downing
+Letters." Indeed, the name "Jack Downing" seemed so much a part of the
+Davis family that in after years I have often heard Mrs. Davis called
+"Mrs. Jack Downing." The Davises had a handsome daughter who married a
+gentleman of French descent, but neither of them long survived the
+marriage.
+
+In an old newspaper of 1807 I came across the following marriage notice,
+which was the first Astor wedding to occur in this country:
+
+     BENTZON--ASTOR. Married, on Monday morning, the 14th ult.
+     [September], by the Rev. Mr. [Ralph] Williston, Adrian B.
+     Bentzon, Esq., of the Isle of St. Croix, to Miss Magdalen
+     Astor, daughter of John Jacob Astor of this city.
+
+It was while on a cruise among the West Indies that Miss Astor met Mr.
+Bentzon, a Danish gentleman of good family but moderate fortune. In the
+early part of the last century many ambitious foreigners went to that
+part of the world with the intention of making their fortunes.
+
+Another daughter of John Jacob Astor, Eliza, married Count Vincent
+Rumpff, who was for some years Minister at the Court of the Tuileries
+from the Hanseatic towns of Germany. She was well known through life,
+and long remembered after death, for her symmetrical Christian
+character. One of her writings, entitled "Transplanted Flowers," has
+been published in conjunction with one of the Duchesse de Broglie,
+daughter of Madame de Sta�l, with whom she was intimately associated in
+her Christian works.
+
+Henry Astor, the brother of John Jacob Astor, was the first of the
+family to come to America. I am able to state, upon the authority of the
+late Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector of Trinity church in New York, and a
+life-long friend of the whole Astor connection, that he was a private in
+a Hessian regiment that fought against our colonies in the Revolutionary
+War. After its close he decided to remain in New York where he entered
+the employment of a butcher in the old Oswego market. He subsequently
+embarked upon more ambitious enterprises, became a highly successful
+business man and at his death left a large fortune to his childless
+widow. Dr. Dix has stated that it was probably through him that the
+younger brother came to this country. However this may be, John Jacob
+Astor sailed for America as a steerage passenger in a ship commanded by
+Capt. Jacob Stout and arrived in Baltimore in January, 1784. He
+subsequently went to New York, where he spent his first night in the
+house of George Dieterich, a fellow countryman whom he had known in
+Germany and by whom he was now employed to peddle cakes. After remaining
+in his employ for a time and accumulating a little money he hired a
+store of his own where he sold toys and German knickknacks. He
+afterwards added skins and even musical instruments to his stock in
+trade, as will appear from the following in _The Daily Advertiser_ of
+New York, of the 2d of January, 1789, and following issues:
+
+                      J. Jacob Astor,
+                  At No. 81, Queen-street,
+        Next door but one to the Friends Meeting-House,
+                Has for sale an assortment of
+            Piano fortes, of the newest construction,
+     Made by the best makers in London, which he will sell on
+     reasonable terms.
+     He gives Cash for all kinds of FURS:
+     And has for sale a quantity of Canada Beaver, and
+     Beaver Coating, Racoon Skins, and Racoon Blankets,
+     Muskrat Skins, &c. &c.
+
+It would seem that these Astor pianos were manufactured in London and
+that George Astor, an elder brother of John Jacob Astor, was associated
+with the latter in their sale. Indeed, one of them, formerly owned by
+the Clinton family and now in Washington's Headquarters in Newburgh,
+bears the name of "Geo. Astor & Co., Cornhill, London;" while still
+another in my immediate neighborhood in Washington has the inscription
+of "Astor and Camp, 79 Cornhill, London." Their octaves were few in
+number, and a pupil of Chopin would have regarded them with scorn; but
+upon these little spindle-legged affairs a duet could be performed. My
+first knowledge of instrumental music was derived from one of these
+pianos, and among the earliest recollections of my childhood is that of
+hearing my three maiden aunts, my father's sisters, playing in turn the
+inspiring Scotch airs upon the Astor piano that stood in their
+drawing-room. One of their songs was especially inimical to cloistered
+life and it, too, was possibly of Scotch origin. I am unable to recall
+its exact words, but its refrain ran as follows:
+
+    I will not be a nun,
+    I can not be a nun,
+    I shall not be a nun,
+    I'm so fond of pleasure
+    I'll not be a nun.
+
+I own an original letter written by John Jacob Astor from New York on
+the 26th of April, 1826, addressed to ex-President James Monroe, my
+husband's grandfather, which I regard as interesting on account of its
+quaint style:
+
+     Dear Sir,
+
+     Permit me to congratulate you on your Honourable retirement
+     [from public life] for which I most sincerely wish you may
+     enjoy that Peace and Tranquility to which you are so justly
+     entitled.
+
+     Without wishing to cause you any Inconveniency [sic] on
+     account of the loan which I so long since made to you I
+     would be glad if you would put it in a train of sittlelment
+     [sic] if not the whole let it be a part with the interest
+     Due.
+
+     I hope Dear Sir that you and Mrs. Monroe enjoy the best of
+     health and that you may live many years to wittness [sic]
+     the Prosperity of the country to which you have so
+     generously contributed.
+
+     I am most Respectfully Dear Sir your obed S. &c.
+
+          J. J. ASTOR.
+
+     The Honble James Monroe.
+
+It may here be stated that Mr. Astor's solicitude concerning Mr.
+Monroe's financial obligation was duly relieved, and that the debt was
+paid in full.
+
+John Jacob Astor's numerous descendants can lay this "flattering
+unction" to their souls, that every dollar of his vast wealth was
+accumulated through thrift while leading an upright life.
+
+An old-fashioned stage coach in my early days ran between New York and
+Harlem, but the fashionable drive was on the west side of the city
+along what was then called the "Bloomingdale Road." Many fashionable New
+Yorkers owned and occupied handsome country seats along this route, and
+closed their city homes for a period during the heated term. I recall
+with pleasure the home of the Prussian Consul General and Mrs. John
+William Schmidt, and especially their attractive daughters. Mr. Schmidt,
+who came to this country as a bachelor, married Miss Eliza Ann Bache of
+New York. Quite a number of years subsequent to this event, before they
+had children of their own, they adopted a little girl whom they named
+Julia and whom I knew very well in my early girlhood. As equestrian
+exercise was popular in New York at that time, many of the young men and
+women riding on the Bloomingdale Road would stop at the Schmidts'
+hospitable home, rest their horses and enjoy a pleasing half-hour's
+conversation with the daughters of the household. Among the fair riders
+was Mary Tallmadge, a famous beauty and a daughter of General James
+Tallmadge. During her early life and at a period when visits abroad were
+few and far between, her father accompanied her to Europe. During her
+travels on the continent she visited St. Petersburg, where her beauty
+created a great sensation. While there the Emperor Nicholas I. presented
+her with a handsome India shawl. She returned to America, married Philip
+S. Van Rensselaer, a son of the old Patroon, and lived for many years on
+Washington Square in New York.
+
+Alexander Hamilton and family also owned and occupied a house in this
+charming suburb called "The Grange." It was subsequently occupied by
+Herman Thorne, who had married Miss Jane Mary Jauncey, a wealthy heiress
+of New York. He lived in this house only a few years when he went with
+his wife to reside in Paris during the reign of Louis Philippe. Mr.
+Thorne became the most prominent American resident there and excited
+the envy of many of his countrymen by his lavish expenditure of money.
+His daughters made foreign matrimonial alliances. He was originally from
+Schenectady, for a time was a purser in the U.S. Navy, and was
+remarkable for his handsome presence and courtly bearing.
+
+Jacob Lorillard lived in a handsome house in Manhattanville, a short
+distance from the Bloomingdale Road. He began life, first as an
+apprentice and then as a proprietor, in the tanning and hide business,
+and his tannery was on Pearl Street. He then, with his brothers,
+embarked in the manufacture and sale of snuff and tobacco, in which, as
+is well known, he amassed an immense fortune. My earliest recollection
+of the family is in the days of its great prosperity. One of Mr.
+Lorillard's daughters, Julia, who married Daniel Edgar, I knew very
+well, and I recall a visit I once made her in her beautiful home, where
+I also attended her wedding a few years later. At this time her mother
+was a widow, and shortly after the marriage the place was sold to the
+Catholic order of the _Sacre Coeur_. Mrs. Jacob Lorillard was a daughter
+of the Rev. Doctor Johann Christoff Kunze, professor of Oriental
+Languages in Columbia College.
+
+Many years ago the wags of London exhausted their wits in fittingly
+characterizing and ridiculing the numerous equipages of a London
+manufacturer of snuff and tobacco. One couplet suggestive of the manner
+in which this vast wealth was acquired, was
+
+    Who would have thought it
+    That Noses had bought it.
+
+The suitor of the daughter of this wealthy Englishman was appropriately
+dubbed "Up to Snuff." Alas, this ancestral and aristocratic luxury of
+snuff departed many years ago, but succeeding generations have been "up
+to snuff" in many other ways. The gold snuff-box frequently studded
+with gems which I remember so well in days gone by and especially at the
+home Gouverneur Kemble in Cold Spring, where it was passed around and
+freely used by both men and women, now commands no respect except as an
+ancestral curio. Dryden, Dean Swift, Pope, Addison, Lord Chesterfield,
+Dr. Johnson, Garrick, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Keats, Charles Lamb, Gibbon,
+Walter Scott and Darwin were among the prominent worshipers of the
+snuff-box and its contents, while some of them indulged in the habit to
+the degree of intemperance. In describing his manner of using the
+snuff-box Gibbon wrote: "I drew my snuff-box, rapped it, took snuff
+twice, and continued my discourse in my usual attitude of my body bent
+forwards, and my fore-finger stretched out;" and Boswell wrote in its
+praise:
+
+    Oh, snuff! our fashionable end and aim--
+    Strasburgh, Rappe, Dutch, Scotch--whate'er thy name!
+    Powder celestial! quintessence divine
+    New joys entrance my soul while thou art mine;
+    Who takes? who takes thee not? Where'er I range
+    I smell thy sweets from Pall Mall to the 'Change.
+
+While the spirit of patriotism was as prevalent in early New York as it
+is now, it seems to me that it was somewhat less demonstrative. The 4th
+of July, however, was anticipated by the youngsters of the day with the
+greatest eagerness and pleasure. It was the habit of my father, for many
+years, to take us children early in the morning to the City Hall to
+attend the official observances of the day, an experience which we
+naturally regarded as a great privilege. Booths were temporarily erected
+all along the pavement in front of the City Hall, where substantial food
+was displayed and sold to the crowds collected to assist in celebrating
+the day. About noon several military companies arrived upon the scene
+and took their positions in the park, where, after a number of
+interesting maneuvers, a salute was fired which was terrifying to my
+youthful nerves. Small boys, then as now, provided themselves with
+pistols, and human life was occasionally sacrificed to patriotic ardor,
+although I never remember hearing of cases of lockjaw resulting from
+such accidents, as is so frequently the case at present. Firecrackers
+and torpedoes were then in vogue, but skyrockets and more elaborate
+fireworks had not then come into general use. I do not recall that the
+national flag was especially prominent upon the "glorious fourth," and
+it is my impression that this insignia of patriotism was not universally
+displayed upon patriotic occasions until the Civil War.
+
+The musical world of New York lay dormant until about the year 1825,
+when Dominick Lynch, much to the delight of the cultivated classes,
+introduced the Italian Opera. Through his instrumentality Madame
+Malibran, her father, Signor Garcia, and her brother, Manuel Garcia, who
+by the way died abroad in 1906, nearly ninety-nine years of age, came to
+this country and remained for quite a period. I have heard many sad
+traditions regarding Malibran, whose name is certainly immortal in the
+annals of the musical world. Mr. Lynch was the social leader of his day
+in New York, was �sthetic in his tastes, and possessed a highly
+cultivated voice. He frequently sang the beautiful old ballads so much
+in vogue at that period. I have heard through Mrs. Samuel L. Hinckley,
+an old friend of mine, who remembered the incident, that during a visit
+to Boston when he sang Tom Moore's pathetic ballad, "Oft in the Stilly
+Night," there was scarcely a dry eye in the room. In referring to the
+introduction of the Italian Opera into this country Dr. John W. Francis
+in his "Old New York" thus speaks of Dominick Lynch: "For this
+advantageous accession to the resources of mental gratification, we were
+indebted to the taste and refinement of Dominick Lynch, the liberality
+of the manager of the Park Theater, Stephen Price, and the distinguished
+reputation of the Venetian, Lorenzo Da Ponte. Lynch, a native of New
+York, was the acknowledged head of the fashionable and festive board, a
+gentleman of the ton and a melodist of great powers and of exquisite
+taste; he had long striven to enhance the character of our music; he was
+the master of English song, but he felt, from his close cultivation of
+music and his knowledge of the genius of his countrymen, that much was
+wanting, and that more could be accomplished, and he sought out, while
+in Europe, an Italian _troupe_, which his persuasive eloquence and the
+liberal spirit of Price led to embark for our shores where they arrived
+in November, 1825." Stephen Price here referred to by Dr. Francis was
+the manager of the old Park Theater. Dominick Lynch's grandson, Nicholas
+Luquer, who with his charming wife, formerly Miss Helen K. Shelton of
+New York, resides in Washington, and his son, Lynch Luquer, inherit the
+musical ability of their ancestor.
+
+The great actors of the day performed in the Park Theater. I also
+vividly remember the Bowery Theater, as well as in subsequent years
+Burton's Theater in Chambers Street and the Astor Place Theater. When
+William C. Macready, the great English actor, was performing in the
+latter in 1849 a riot occurred caused by the jealousy existing between
+him and his American rival, Edwin Forrest. Forrest had not been well
+received in England owing, as he believed, to the unfriendly influence
+of Macready. While the latter was considered by many the better actor,
+Forrest was exceptionally popular with a certain class of people in New
+York whose sympathies were easily enlisted and whose passions were
+readily aroused. During the evening referred to, while Macready was
+acting in the _r�le_ of Macbeth, a determined mob attacked the theater,
+and the riot was not quelled until after a bitter struggle, in which the
+police and the military were engaged, and during which twenty-one were
+killed and thirty-three wounded.
+
+In consequence of this unfortunate rivalry and its bloody results,
+Forrest became morbid, and his domestic infelicities that followed
+served to still further embitter his life. In 1850 his wife instituted
+proceedings for divorce in the Superior Court of the City of New York,
+and the trial was protracted for two years. She was represented by the
+eminent jurist, Charles O'Conor, while Forrest employed "Prince" John
+Van Buren, son of the ex-President. The legal struggle was one of the
+most celebrated in the annals of the New York bar. There was abundant
+evidence of moral delinquency on the part of both parties to the suit,
+but the verdict was in favor of Mrs. Forrest. She was the daughter of
+John Sinclair, formerly a drummer in the English army and subsequently a
+professional singer. James Gordon Bennett said of her in the _Herald_
+that "being born and schooled in turmoil and dissipation and reared in
+constant excitement she could not live without it."
+
+I have heard it said that one day John Van Buren was asked by a
+disgruntled friend at the close of a hotly contested suit whether there
+was any case so vile or disreputable that he would refuse to act as
+counsel for the accused. The quick response was: "I must first know the
+circumstances of the case; but what have you been doing?" Dr. Valentine
+Mott, who for many years was a resident of Paris, gave a fancy-dress
+ball in New York in honor of the Prince de Joinville, son of Louis
+Philippe. At this entertainment John Van Buren appeared in the usual
+evening dress with a red sash tied around his waist. Much to the
+amusement of the guests whom he met, his salutation was: "Would you know
+me?" It will be remembered that he was familiarly called "Prince John,"
+owing to the fact that he had once danced with Queen Victoria prior to
+her ascension to the throne. One day Van Buren met on the street James
+T. Brady, a lawyer of equal ability and wit, who had recently returned
+from a visit to England. In a most patronizing manner he inquired
+whether he had seen the Queen. "Certainly," said Mr. Brady, "and under
+these circumstances. I was walking along the street when by chance the
+Queen's carriage overtook me, and the moment Her Majesty's eye lighted
+upon me she exclaimed: 'Hello, Jim Brady, when did you hear from John
+Van Buren?'" I recall another amusing anecdote about John Van Buren
+during my school days. Mustaches were at that time worn chiefly by the
+sporting element. Mr. Van Buren, who was very attentive to Catharine
+Theodora Duer, a daughter of President William Alexander Duer of
+Columbia College, and who, by the way, never married, adopted this style
+of facial adornment, but the young woman objecting to it he cut it off
+and sent it to her in a letter. Prince John Van Buren's daughter, Miss
+Anna Vander Poel Van Buren, many years thereafter, married Edward
+Alexander Duer, a nephew of this Catharine Theodora Duer.
+
+It was my very great pleasure to know Fanny Kemble and her father,
+Charles Kemble. She was, indeed, the queen of tragedy, and delighted the
+histrionic world of New York by her remarkable rendering of the plays of
+Shakespeare. In later years when I heard her give Shakespearian
+readings, I regarded the occasion as an epoch in my life. In this
+connection I venture to express my surprise that the classical English
+quotations so pleasing to the ear in former days are now so seldom
+heard. It seems unfortunate that the epigrammatic sentences, for
+example, of grand old Dr. Samuel Johnson have become almost obsolete. In
+former years Byron appealed to the sentiment, while the more ambitious
+quoted Greek maxims. The sayings of the old authors were recalled,
+mingled with the current topics of the day. It would seem, however, that
+the present generation is decidedly more interested in quotations from
+the stock exchange. Edmund Burke said that "the age of chivalry is
+gone, that of sophists, economists, and calculators has succeeded."
+
+Upon her return to England Fanny Kemble published her journal kept while
+in the United States, which was by no means pleasing in every respect to
+her American readers. It is said that in one of her literary effusions
+she dwelt upon a custom, which she claimed was prevalent in America, of
+parents naming their children after classical heroes, and gave as an
+example a child in New York who bore the name of Alfonzo Alonzo
+Agamemnon Dionysius Bogardus. The sister of this youth, she stated, was
+named Clementina Seraphina Imogen. I think this statement must have been
+evolved from her own brain, as it would be difficult to conceive of
+parents who would consent to make their children notorious in such a
+ridiculous manner. Fanny Kemble married Pierce Butler, a lawyer of
+ability and cousin of the U.S. Senator from South Carolina of the same
+name, and they were divorced in 1849, when the Hon. George M. Dallas was
+counsel for Fanny Kemble and Rufus Choate appeared for her husband.
+
+Fanny Elssler, a queen of grace and beauty on the stage, delighted
+immense audiences at the Park Theater. She came to this country under
+the auspices of Chevalier Henry Wikoff, a roving but accomplished
+soldier of fortune, who pitched his camp in both continents. Upon her
+arrival in New York the "divine Fanny," as she was invariably called,
+was borne to her destination in a carriage from which the horses had
+been detached by her enthusiastic _adorateurs_, led by August Belmont.
+She was, indeed,
+
+    A being so fair that the same lips and eyes
+    She bore on earth might serve in Paradise.
+
+At this distant day it seems almost impossible to describe her. She
+seemed to float upon the stage sustained only by the surrounding
+atmosphere. In my opinion she has never had a rival, with the possible
+exception of Taglioni, the great Swedish _danseuse_. I saw Fanny Elssler
+dance the _cracovienne_ and the _cachucha_, and it is a memory which
+will linger with me always. The music that accompanied these dances was
+generally selected from the popular airs of the day. Many dark stories
+were afloat concerning Fanny Elssler's private life, but to me it seems
+impossible to associate her angelic presence with anything but her
+wonderful art. She was never received socially in New York; indeed, the
+only person that I remember connected with the stage in my early days
+who had the social _entr�e_ was Fanny Kemble.
+
+We attended the Dutch Reformed Church in New York of which the Rev. Dr.
+Jacob Brodhead was for many years the pastor. My aunts, however,
+attended one of the three collegiate churches in the lower part of the
+city, and I sometimes accompanied them and, as there was a frequent
+interchange of pulpits, I became quite accustomed to hear all of the
+three clergymen. The Rev. Dr. John Knox, who endeared himself to his
+flock by his gentle and appealing ministrations; the Rev. Dr. Thomas De
+Witt, a profound theologian and courtly gentleman; and the Rev. Dr.
+William C. Brownlee, with his vigorous Scotch accent, preaching against
+what he invariably called "papery" (popery), and recalling, as he did,
+John Knox of old, that irritating thorn in the side of the unfortunate
+Mary Queen of Scots, made up this remarkable trio. During the latter
+part of his life Dr. Brownlee suffered from a stroke of paralysis which
+rendered him speechless, and his Catholic adversaries improved this
+opportunity to circulate the report that he had been visited by a
+judgment from Heaven.
+
+There were many shining lights in the Episcopal Church at this time in
+New York. The Rev. Dr. William Berrian was the acceptable rector of St.
+John's, which was then as now a chapel of Trinity Parish. The Rev. Dr.
+Francis L. Hawks was the popular rector of St. Thomas's church, on the
+corner of Broadway and Houston Streets. He was a North Carolinian by
+birth, but is said to have been in part of Indian descent. I recall with
+pleasure his masterly rendition of the Episcopal service. During the
+Civil War he made it quite apparent to his parishioners that his
+sympathies were with the South, and as most of them did not share his
+views he moved to Baltimore, where a more congenial atmosphere
+surrounded him.
+
+The Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, senior, was the rector of St. George's
+Episcopal church in the lower part of the city. He was a theologian of
+the Low-Church school and was greatly esteemed by all of his colleagues.
+His son, the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, junior, was in full sympathy with
+the Low-Church views of his father, and will be recalled as an
+evangelical preacher of exceptional power and wide influence. In the
+summer of 1867 he preached, in defiance of the canons of the Episcopal
+Church, in St. James's Methodist church in New Brunswick, N.J., thus
+invading without authority the parishes of the Rev. Dr. Alfred Stubs and
+the Rev. Dr. Edward B. Boggs of that city. His trial was of sensational
+interest, and resulted, as will be remembered, in his conviction. The
+attitude of the Tyngs, father and son, was humorously described by
+Anthony Bleecker, a well-known wit of the day, in these verses:
+
+    _Tyng, Junior._
+
+    I preach from barrels and from tubs,
+    In spite of Boggs, in spite of Stubs;
+    I'll preach from stumps, I'll preach from logs,
+    In spite of Stubs, in spite of Boggs.
+
+    _Tyng, Senior._
+
+    Do, Steve; and lay aside your gown,
+    Your bands and surplice throw them down;
+    A bob-tail coat of tweed or kersey
+    Is good enough at least for Jersey.
+
+    _Tyng, Junior._
+
+    What if the Bishops interfere,
+    And I am made a culprit clear;
+    Can't you a thunderbolt then forge,
+    And hurl it in the new St. George?
+
+    _Tyng, Senior._
+
+    Be sure I can and out of spite
+    A wrathy sermon I'll indite;
+    I'll score the court and every judge
+    And call the whole proceedings fudge;
+    And worse than that each reverent name
+    I'll bellow through the trump of fame;
+    With Bishop Potter I'll get even,
+    And make you out the martyr Stephen.
+
+The Rev. Dr. Orville Dewey, renowned for his intellectual attainments,
+preached in the Unitarian church in Mercer Street. In subsequent years
+his sermons were published and I understand are still read with much
+interest and pleasure. Archbishop John Hughes, whom I knew quite well,
+was the controlling power in the Roman Catholic Church. He possessed the
+affectionate regard of the whole community, and naturally commanded a
+wide influence. A Roman Catholic told me many years ago that, upon one
+of the visits of the Archbishop to St. Peter's church, he took the
+congregation to task for their exclusiveness, exclaiming: "You lock up
+your pews and exclude the marrow of the land."
+
+I knew very well the Rev. Charles Constantine Pise, the first
+native-born Catholic to officiate in St. Joseph's church on Sixth
+Avenue. He was of Italian parentage and was remarkable for his great
+physical attractiveness. In addition to his fine appearance, he was
+exceedingly social in his tastes and was consequently a highly agreeable
+guest. He cultivated the muses to a modest degree, and I have several of
+his poetical effusions, one of which was addressed to me. In spite of
+the admiration he commanded from both men and women, irrespective of
+creed, life seemed to present to him but few allurements. Archbishop
+Hughes sent him to a small Long Island parish where, after laboring long
+and earnestly, he closed his earthly career. An anecdote is related of
+this pious man which I believe to be true. A young woman quite forgetful
+of the proprieties and conventionalties of life, but with decided
+matrimonial proclivities, made Father Pise an offer of her fortune,
+heart and hand. In a dignified manner he advised her to give her heart
+to God, her money to the poor, and her hand to the man who asked for it.
+Prior to his rectorship of St. Joseph's church in New York, Father Pise,
+who was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, served as Chaplain of the U.S.
+Senate during a portion of the 22d Congress. At the National Capital as
+well as in New York he was exceptionally popular, making many converts,
+especially among young women, and preaching to congregations in churches
+so densely crowded that it was difficult to obtain even standing room.
+
+I cannot pass the Roman Catholic clergy without some reference to the
+Rev. Felix Varela, a priest of Spanish descent and, it is said, of noble
+birth, who was sent from Cuba to Spain as one of the deputies to the
+Cortes from his native island. His church was St. Peter's in Barclay
+Street. It would be difficult for any words to do justice to his life of
+self-abnegation or to his adherence to the precepts of his Divine
+Master. It is with pleasure, therefore, that I relate the following
+story, for the truth of which I can vouch. A policeman found a handsome
+pair of silver candlesticks in the custody of a poor unfortunate man,
+and as they bore upon them a distinctive coat of arms he arrested him.
+On his way to prison the suspected criminal begged to see Father Varela
+for a moment, and as his residence was _en route_ to the station house
+the officer granted his request. This good priest informed the policeman
+with much reluctance that the candlesticks had formerly belonged to
+him, and that he had given them to his prisoner to buy bread for his
+family. My father was so deeply in sympathy with the life and character
+of this priest that, although of a different faith, he seldom heard his
+name mentioned without an expression of admiration for his life and
+character.
+
+There was a French Protestant church in Franklin Street ministered to by
+the Rev. Dr. Antoine Verren, whose wife was a daughter of Thomas
+Hammersley. I also remember very well a Presbyterian church on Laight
+Street, opposite St. John's Park, the rector of which was the Rev. Dr.
+Samuel H. Cox, an uncle of the late Bishop Arthur Cleveland Cox of the
+Episcopal Church. Dr. Cox was a prominent abolitionist, and when we were
+living on Hubert Street, just around the corner, this church was stoned
+by a mob because the rector had expressed his anti-slavery views too
+freely.
+
+The mode of conducting funerals in former days in New York differed very
+materially from the customs now in vogue. While the coffins of the
+well-to-do were made entirely of mahogany and without handles, I have
+always understood that persons of the Hebrew faith buried their dead in
+pine coffins, as they believed this wood to be more durable.
+Pall-bearers wore white linen scarfs three yards long with a rosette of
+the same material fastened on one shoulder, which, together with a pair
+of black gloves, was always presented by the family. It was originally
+the intention that the linen scarf should be used after the funeral for
+making a shirt. Funerals from churches were not as customary as at the
+present time. If the body was to be interred within the city limits
+every one attending the services, including the family, walked to the
+cemetery. It was unusual for a woman to be seen at a funeral.
+
+But the whole social tone of New York society was more _de rigueur_ than
+now. Sometimes, for example, persons living under a cloud of
+insufficient magnitude to place them behind prison bars, feeling their
+disgrace, took flight for Texas. Instead of placing the conventional
+_P.P.C._ on their cards the letters _G.T.T._ were used, meaning that the
+self-expatriated ne'er-do-well had "gone to Texas." I have always
+understood that in Great Britain the transgressor sought the Continent,
+where he was often enabled to pass into oblivion. In this manner both
+countries were relieved of patriots who "left their country for their
+country's good." As an example, I remember hearing in my early life of
+an Englishman named de Roos, who had the unfortunate habit of arranging
+cards to suit his own fancy. When his _confr�res_ finally caught him in
+the act he left hurriedly for the Continent.
+
+In 1842 the U.S. sloop of war _Somers_ arrived in New York, and the
+country was startled by the accounts of what has since been known as the
+"Somers Mutiny." The Captain of the ship was Commander Alexander Slidell
+Mackenzie, whose original surname was Slidell. He was a brother of the
+Hon. John Slidell, at one time U.S. Senator from Louisiana, who, during
+the Civil War, while on his passage to England on the _Trent_ as a
+representative of the Southern Confederacy in England, was captured by
+Captain Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy. The result of the alleged
+mutiny was the execution, by hanging at the yard arm, of Philip Spencer,
+a son of the celebrated New York lawyer, John C. Spencer, President
+Tyler's Secretary of War, and of two sailors, Samuel Cromwell and Elisha
+Small. It was charged that they had conspired to capture the ship and
+set adrift or murder her officers. Being far from any home port, and
+uncertain of the extent to which the spirit of disaffection had
+permeated the crew, Mackenzie consulted the officers of his ship as to
+the proper course for him to pursue. In accordance with their advice,
+and after only a preliminary examination of witnesses and no formal
+trial with testimony for the defense, they were, as just stated,
+summarily executed.
+
+I speak from the point of view of the legal element of New York, as my
+father's associates were nearly all professional men. The world was
+aghast upon receiving the news that three men had been hurled into
+eternity without judge or jury. Spencer was a lad of less than nineteen
+and a midshipman. Although Captain Mackenzie's action was sustained by
+the court of inquiry, which was convened in his case, as well as by the
+_esprit de corps_ of the Navy, public feeling ran so high that a court
+martial was ordered. His trial of two months' duration took place at the
+Brooklyn Navy Yard, and resulted in a verdict of "not proven." The
+judge-advocate of the court was Mr. William H. Norris of Baltimore, and
+Mackenzie was defended by Mr. George Griffith and Mr. John Duer, the
+latter of whom was the distinguished New York jurist and the uncle of
+Captain Mackenzie's wife. At the request of the Hon. John C. Spencer,
+Benjamin F. Butler and Charles O'Conor, leaders of the New York bar,
+formally applied for permission to ask questions approved by the court
+and to offer testimony, but the request was refused--"so that," as
+Thomas H. Benton expressed it, "at the long _post mortem_ trial which
+was given to the boy after his death, the father was not allowed to ask
+one question in favor of his son." After a lapse of sixty-nine years,
+judging from Mackenzie's report to the Navy Department, it almost seems
+as if he possessed a touch of medi�val superstition. He speaks of
+Spencer giving money and tobacco to the crew, of his being extremely
+intimate with them, that he had a strange flashing of the eye, and
+finally that he was in the habit of amusing the sailors by making music
+with his jaws. Mackenzie in his official report stated that this lad
+"had the faculty of throwing his jaw out of joint and by contact of the
+bones playing with accuracy and elegance a variety of airs." James
+Fenimore Cooper stated it as his opinion, "that such was the obliquity
+of intellect shown by Mackenzie in the whole affair, that no analysis
+of his motives can be made on any consistent principle of human action;"
+and the distinguished statesman, Thomas H. Benton, whose critical and
+lengthy review of the whole case would seem to carry conviction to
+unprejudiced minds, declared that the three men "died innocent, as
+history will tell and show."
+
+The proceedings of the Mackenzie trial were eagerly read by an
+interested public. As I remember the testimony given regarding Spencer's
+last moments upon earth, Mackenzie announced to the youthful culprit
+that he had but ten minutes to live. He fell at once upon his knees and
+exclaimed that he was not fit to die, and the Captain replied that he
+was aware of the fact, but could not help it. It is recorded that he
+read his Bible and Prayer-Book, and that the Captain referred him to the
+"penitent thief;" but when he pleaded that his fate would kill his
+mother and injure his father, Mackenzie made the inconsiderate reply
+that the best and only service he could render his father was to die.
+
+I recall a conversation bearing upon the _Somers_ tragedy which I
+overheard between my father and his early friend, Thomas Morris, when
+their indignation was boundless. The latter's son, Lieutenant Charles W.
+Morris, U.S.N., had made several cruises with the alleged mutineer
+Cromwell. Meeting Mackenzie he stated this fact, saying at the same time
+that he found him a well-disposed and capable seaman. Mackenzie quickly
+responded that "he had a bad eye," and then Lieutenant Morris recalled
+that the unfortunate man had a cast in one eye.
+
+A few years after his court-martial Mackenzie fell dead from his horse.
+One of the wardroom officers of the _Somers_ was Adrian D�slonde of
+Louisiana, whose sister married the Hon. John Slidell, of whom I have
+already spoken as Commander Mackenzie's brother.
+
+I seldom hear the name of John Slidell without being reminded of a
+witticism which I heard from my mother's lips, the author of which was
+Louisa Fairlie, a daughter of Major James Fairlie, who, during the War
+of the Revolution, served upon General Steuben's staff. She was, I have
+understood, a great belle with a power of repartee which bordered upon
+genius. During the youth of John Slidell he attended a dinner at a
+prominent New York residence and sat at the table next to Miss Fairlie.
+In a tactless manner he made a pointedly unpleasant remark bearing upon
+the marriage of her sister Mary to the distinguished actor, Thomas
+Apthorpe Cooper, a subject upon which the Fairlie family was somewhat
+sensitive. Miss Fairlie regarded Mr. Slidell for only a moment, and then
+retorted: "Sir, you have been _dipped_ not _moulded_ into society"--an
+incident which, by the way, I heard repeated many years later at a
+dinner in China. To appreciate this witticism, one may refer to the New
+York directory of 1789, which describes John Slidell, the father of the
+Slidell of whom we are speaking, as "soap boiler and chandler, 104
+Broadway." Miss Fairlie's pun seems to me to be quite equal to that of
+Rufus Choate, who, when a certain Baptist minister described himself as
+"a candle of the Lord," remarked, "Then you are a dipped, but I hope not
+a wick-ed candle." It is said that upon another occasion, after the
+return of Mr. Slidell from a foreign trip, he was asked by Miss Fairlie
+whether he had been to Greece. He replied in the negative and asked the
+reason for her query. "Oh, nothing," she said, "only it would have been
+very natural for you to visit Greece in order to renew early
+associations!" Many years thereafter Priscilla Cooper, the wife of
+Robert Tyler and the daughter-in-law of President John Tyler, a daughter
+of Thomas Apthorpe Cooper and his wife, Mary Fairlie, presided at the
+White House during the widowhood of her distinguished father-in-law.
+
+As has already been stated, the father of the Hon. John Slidell was a
+chandler, and he conducted his business with such success that in time
+he became prominent in mercantile and financial circles, and eventually
+was made president of the Mechanics Bank and the Tradesmen's Insurance
+Company. His son John, who at first engaged in his father's soap and
+tallow business as an apprentice, finally succeeded him, and the
+enterprise was continued under the firm name of "John Slidell, Jr. and
+Company." The house failed, however, and it is said that this fact,
+together with the scandal attending his duel with Stephen Price, manager
+of the Park Theater, in which the latter was wounded, were the
+controlling factors that led the future Hon. John Slidell to remove his
+residence to New Orleans. In this place he became highly celebrated as a
+lawyer, and his successful political career is well known. He married
+Miss Marie Mathilde D�slonde, a member of a well-known Creole family,
+and many persons still living will recall her grace and _savoir faire_
+in Washington when her husband represented Louisiana in the United
+States Senate. Miss Jane Slidell, a sister of the Hon. John Slidell,
+married Commodore Matthew C. Perry, U.S.N., who opened the doors of
+Japan to the trade of the world, and whose daughter, Caroline Slidell
+Perry, became the wife of the late August Belmont of New York, while
+Julia, another of Mr. Slidell's sisters, married the late Rear Admiral
+C. R. P. Rodgers, U.S.N.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+LONG BRANCH, NEWPORT AND ELSEWHERE
+
+
+When I was about ten years of age, accompanied by my parents, I made a
+visit to Long Branch, which was then one of the most fashionable summer
+resorts for New Yorkers. As we made the journey by steamboat and the
+water was rough we were the victims of a violent attack of seasickness
+from which few of the passengers escaped. Many Philadelphians also spent
+their summers at this resort, and there was naturally a fair sprinkling
+of people from other large cities. At that time there were no hotels in
+the place, but there was one commodious boarding house which
+accommodated a large number of guests. It bore no name, but was
+designated as "Mrs. Sairs'," from its proprietress. In this
+establishment our whole family, by no means small, found accommodations.
+I recall many pleasant acquaintances we made while there, especially
+that of Miss Molly Hamilton of Philadelphia. She was a vivacious old
+lady, and was accompanied by her nephew, Hamilton Beckett, in whom I
+found a congenial playmate. His name made a strong impression upon my
+memory, as I was then reading the history of Thomas � Becket, the
+murdered Archbishop of Canterbury. I have heard that this friend of my
+childhood went eventually to England to reside. The Penningtons of
+Newark had a cottage near us. William Pennington subsequently became
+Governor of New Jersey. I also enjoyed the youthful companionship of his
+daughter Mary, whom many years later I met in Washington. In the
+interval she had become a pronounced belle and the wife of Hugh A. Toler
+of Newark.
+
+The guests of the boarding house were inclined to complain that the
+beach was too exclusively appropriated by two acquaintances of ours who
+were living in the same house with us, Mrs. G. W. Featherstonhaugh and
+Mrs. Thomas M. Willing, and their train of admirers. They were sprightly
+young women and daughters of Bernard Moore Carter of Virginia. I
+remember it was the gossip of the place that both of them could count
+their offers of marriage by the score. Mrs. Willing was a skilled
+performer upon the harp, an instrument then much in vogue, but whose
+silvery tones are now, alas, only memory's echo. Mr. Featherstonhaugh,
+who was by birth an Englishman, after residing in the United States a
+few years, wrote in 1847 a book entitled "Excursion through the Slave
+States from Washington on the Potomac to the Frontier of Mexico." I
+recall that in this volume he spoke with enthusiasm of the _agr�ments_
+of the palate which he enjoyed during a few days' sojourn at Barnum's
+Hotel in Baltimore. He dwelt particularly, with gastronomic ecstasy,
+upon the canvas-back duck and soft-shell crab upon which he feasted, and
+was inclined to draw an unfavorable comparison between the former hotel
+and Gadsby's, the well-known Washington hostelry. Upon his journey he
+visited Monticello, the former home of Thomas Jefferson. His encomium on
+this distinguished man appealed to me as I am sure it does to others; he
+spoke of him as the "Confucius of his country." Altogether, Mr.
+Featherstonhaugh's experiences in America were as novel and entertaining
+as a sojourn with Aborigines.
+
+Just off the beach at Long Branch was a high bluff which descended
+gradually to the sea, and at this point were several primitive bath
+houses belonging to Mrs. Sairs' establishment. Following the prevalent
+custom, we wore no bathing shoes and stockings, but, accompanied by a
+stalwart bathing master, we enjoyed many dips in the briny deep, and
+were brought safely back by him to our bath house. There was no
+immodest lingering on the beach; this privilege was reserved for the
+advanced civilization of a later day.
+
+While I was still a young child, and some years after our visit to Long
+Branch, my infant brother Malcolm became seriously ill. Dr. John W.
+Francis, our family physician, prescribed a change of air for him, and
+my parents took him to Newport. We found pleasant accommodations for our
+family in a fashionable boarding house on Thames Street, the guests of
+which were composed almost exclusively of Southern families. Newport was
+then in an exceedingly primitive state and I have no recollection of
+seeing either cottages or hotels, while modern improvements were
+unknown. We led a simple outdoor life, taking our breakfast at eight,
+dining at two and supping at six. It was indeed "early to bed and early
+to rise."
+
+As I recall these early days in Newport, two fascinating old ladies,
+typical Southern gentlewomen, the Misses Philippa and Hetty Minus of
+Savannah, present themselves vividly to my memory. After we returned to
+our New York home we had the pleasure of meeting them again and
+entertaining them. Another charming guest of our establishment was the
+wife of James L. Pettigru, an eminent citizen of South Carolina. She was
+the first woman of fashion presented to my girlish vision, and her mode
+of life was a revelation. She kept very late hours, often lingering in
+her room the next morning until midday. As I was then familiar with Miss
+Edgeworth's books for young people, which all judicious parents
+purchased for their children, I immediately designated Mrs. Pettigru as
+"Lady Delacour," whose habits and fashions are so pleasingly described
+in that admirable novel, "Belinda." Although born and bred in South
+Carolina, Mr. Pettigru remained loyal to the Union, and after his death
+his valuable library was purchased by Congress. The members of another
+representative South Carolina family, the Allstons, were also among our
+fellow boarders at Long Branch. This name always brings to mind the
+pathetic history of Theodosia Burr, Aaron Burr's only child, and her sad
+death; while the name of Washington Allston, the artist, is too well
+known to be dwelt upon.
+
+After a month's pleasant sojourn in Newport my brother's health had
+materially improved and we returned to our New York home by the way of
+Boston, where we were guests at the Tremont House. I blush to
+acknowledge to the Bostonians who may peruse these pages that my chief
+recollection of this visit is that I was standing on the steps of the
+hotel, when I was accosted by a gentleman, who exclaimed: "You are a
+Campbell, I'll bet ten thousand dollars!" I apologize for writing such a
+personal reminiscence of such an historic town, but such are the freaks
+of memory. This was prior to the maturer days of William Lloyd Garrison,
+Wendell Phillips and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
+
+Before passing on to other subjects I must not omit mentioning that at
+this period the currency used in the New England States differed from
+that of New York. This fact was brought vividly before me in Newport
+when I made an outlay of a shilling at a candy store. In return for my
+Mexican quarter of a dollar I was handed a small amount of change. I
+left the shop fully convinced that I was a victim of sharp practice, but
+learned later that there was a slight difference between the shilling
+used in New York and that used in New England.
+
+Many years later I visited Boston again, this time as the guest of Mr.
+and Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop at their superb Brookline home; and,
+escorted by Mr. Winthrop and Mr. and Mrs. Jabez L. M. Curry of Alabama,
+who were also their house-guests, I visited all the points of historical
+interest. Both Mr. Winthrop and Mr. Curry were then trustees of the
+Peabody Fund. A few years after we separated in Boston Mr. and Mrs.
+Curry went to Spain to reside, where, as American Minister, he was
+present at the birth of King Alfonso of Spain.
+
+About fifteen years later I again visited Newport, but this time I was a
+full-fledged young woman. During my absence a large number of hotels and
+cottages had been erected, many of which were occupied by Southern
+families who still continued to regard this Rhode Island resort as
+almost exclusively their own. I recall the names of many of them, all of
+whom were conspicuous in social life in the South. Among them were the
+Middletons, whose ancestors were historically prominent; the Pinckneys,
+descended from the illustrious Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who uttered
+the well-known maxim, "Millions for defense but not one cent for
+tribute;" the Izards; the Draytons, of South Carolina; and the
+Habershams of Georgia. During this visit in Newport I was the guest, at
+their summer cottage, of my life-long friends, the Misses Mary and
+Margaret Gelston, daughters of Maltby Gelston, former President of the
+Manhattan Bank of New York. Not far from the Gelstons resided what Sam
+Weller would call three "widder women." They were sisters, the daughters
+of Ralph Izard of Dorchester, S.C., and bore distinguished South
+Carolina names; Mrs. Poinsett who had been the wife of Joel Roberts
+Poinsett, the well-known statesman and Secretary of War under Van Buren,
+Mrs. Eustis, the widow of Gen. Abram Eustis, U.S.A., who had served in
+the War of 1812, and Mrs. Thomas Pinckney, whose husband, the nephew of
+General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, had been a wealthy rice planter in
+South Carolina. The beautiful Christmas flower, the poinsettia, was
+named in compliment to Mr. Poinsett. These interesting women for many
+years were in the habit of leaving what they called their "Carolina"
+home for a summer sojourn at Newport, where their house was one of the
+social centers of attraction. With their graceful bearing, gentle voices
+and cordial manners they were characteristic types of the Southern
+_grandes dames_ now so seldom seen. A short distance from my hosts'
+cottage lived the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who was
+also the widow of Robert Goodloe Harper, a prominent Federalist and a
+United States Senator during the administrations of Madison and Monroe.
+Mrs. Harper's sister married Richard Caton of Maryland, whose daughters
+made such distinguished British matrimonial alliances. Her daughter,
+Emily Harper, upon whose personality I love to dwell, was from her
+earliest childhood endowed with strong religious traits. Her gentle
+Christian character exemplified charity to all who were fortunate enough
+to come within the radius of her influence. She was in every sense of
+the word a deeply religious woman, and her influence upon those around
+her was of the most elevating character.
+
+I shall always remember with the keenest enjoyment some of the pleasant
+teas at this hospitable home of the Harpers in Newport. All sects were
+welcomed, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Hebrews, Unitarians, and I doubt
+not that an equally cordial reception would have awaited Mahommedans or
+Hindoos. I once heard Miss Harper say that she shared with Chateaubriand
+the ennobling sentiment that the salvation of one soul was of more value
+than the conquest of a kingdom. Naturally the Harper cottage was the
+rendezvous for Southerners and its hospitable roof sheltered many
+prominent people, especially guests from Maryland. Mr. Maltby Gelston
+told me at the time of this visit that Mrs. Harper was the only child of
+a Signer then living. It is probable that he spoke from positive
+knowledge, as he was an authority upon the subject, having married the
+granddaughter of Philip Livingston, a New York Signer. A few years
+later, when I was married in Washington, D.C., I was deeply gratified
+when Miss Harper came from Baltimore to attend my wedding. The marked
+attentions paid to her by Caleb Cushing, then Attorney-General under
+President Pierce, were the source of much gossip, but she seemed
+entirely indifferent to his devotion. I once heard him express great
+annoyance after a trip to Baltimore because he failed to see her on
+account of a headache with which she was said to be suffering, and he
+inquired of me in a petulant manner whether headaches were an universal
+feminine malady. Like her mother, she lived to a very advanced age and
+when she departed this life the world lost one of its saintliest
+characters.
+
+One of the most attractive cottages in Newport at the time of my second
+visit was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Casimir de Rham of New York. It
+was densely shaded by a number of graceful silver-maple trees. Mr. de
+Rham was a prosperous merchant of Swiss extraction, whose wife was Miss
+Maria Theresa Moore, a member of one of New York's most prominent
+families and a niece of Bishop Benjamin Moore of New York.
+
+The social leaders of Newport at this period were Mr. and Mrs. Robert
+Morgan Gibbes, whose winter home was in New York. Mr. Gibbes, who, by
+the way, was a great-uncle of William Waldorf Astor, was a South
+Carolinian by birth and had married Miss Emily Oliver of Paterson, New
+Jersey. They lived in a handsome house, gave sumptuous entertainments,
+and had an interesting family of daughters, several of whom I knew quite
+well. One well-remembered evening I attended a party at their house
+which was regarded as the social affair of the season. It made a lasting
+impression upon my mind owing to a trivial circumstance which seems
+hardly worth relating. It was the first time I had ever seen mottoes
+used at entertainments, and at this party they were exceptionally
+handsome. The one which fell to my share, and which I treasured for some
+time, bore upon it a large bunch of red currants. These favors were
+always imported, and a few years later became so fashionable that no
+dinner or supper table was regarded as quite the proper thing without
+them. I take it for granted that this custom was the origin of the
+german favors which in the course of time came into such general use.
+
+In 1853 I made a third visit to Newport as the guest of Mrs. Winfield
+Scott. General Scott's headquarters were then in Washington, but, as his
+military views were widely divergent from those of Jefferson Davis,
+President Pierce's Secretary of War, he was urging the President to
+transfer him to New York. I have frequently heard the General jocosely
+remark that he longed for a Secretary of War who would not "make him
+cry." The Scotts at this period were spending their winters in
+Washington and their summers in Newport. Meanwhile his numerous
+admirers, in recognition of his distinguished services, presented him
+with a house on West Twelfth Street which was occupied by him and his
+family after his transfer to New York. The principal donor of this
+residence was the Hon. Hamilton Fish.
+
+After a charming sojourn of several weeks in Newport, I was about
+returning to my home when I casually invited General Scott's youngest
+daughter, Marcella ("Ella"), then only a schoolgirl, to accompany me to
+Miss Harper's cottage, as I wished to say good-bye. Upon entering the
+drawing-room a cousin and guest of Miss Harper's, Charles Carroll
+McTavish of Howard County, Maryland, appeared upon the threshold and was
+introduced to us. He was then approaching middle life and I learned
+later that he had served some years in the Russian Army. Marcella
+Scott's appearance apparently fascinated him from the moment they met,
+and from that day he began to be devotedly attentive to her. Mrs. Scott,
+however, entirely disapproved of Mr. McTavish's attentions to her
+daughter on account of her extreme youth. A few months later Marcella
+returned to Madame Chegaray's school, where she became a boarding pupil
+and was not allowed to see visitors. The following winter she was taken
+ill with typhoid fever, and, when convalescent enough to be moved, was
+brought to my home in Houston Street, New York, to recuperate, as the
+Scotts were still living in Washington and the journey was considered
+too long and arduous to be taken by an invalid. Meanwhile, Mr. McTavish
+renewed his attentions to Miss Scott and the impression made was more
+than a passing fancy for in the following June they were married in the
+Twelfth Street house of which I have already spoken, General Scott
+having in the interim succeeded in having his headquarters removed to
+New York.
+
+I had the pleasure of being present at this wedding, which, in spite of
+a warm day in June and the many absentees from the city, was one of
+exceptional brilliancy. The Army and Navy were well represented, the
+officers of both branches of the service appearing in full-dress
+uniform. The hour appointed for the ceremony was high noon, but an
+amusing _contretemps_ blocked the way. An incorrigible mantua-maker,
+faithless to all promises and regardless of every sense of propriety,
+failed to send home the bridal dress at the appointed time. This state
+of affairs proved decidedly embarrassing, but the guests were informed
+of the cause of the delay and patiently awaited developments. Behind the
+scenes, however, quite a different spectacle was presented, while amid
+much bustle and excitement a second wedding gown was being hurriedly
+prepared. After an hour's delay, however, the belated garment arrived,
+when the bride-elect was quickly dressed and walked into the large
+drawing-room in all of her bridal finery, leaning, as was then the
+custom, upon the arm of the groom. Archbishop Hughes conducted the
+wedding service, and seized upon the auspicious occasion to make an
+address of some length. Previous to the ceremony, my intimate friend,
+the young bride's older sister, Cornelia Scott, who a few years
+previous had become while in Rome a convert to Catholicism, asked me
+with much earnestness of manner to do my best to entertain the
+Archbishop, as she thought, in her kind way, that he might be somewhat
+out of his element when surrounded by such a large and fashionable
+assemblage. This was, indeed, a pleasing task, as it enabled me to renew
+my earlier acquaintance with this gifted prelate. The only member of the
+groom's family present at this ceremony was his handsome brother,
+Alexander S. McTavish, who came from Baltimore for the occasion. Strange
+to say, in view of the many presents usually displayed upon such
+occasions nowadays, I do not remember, although I was a family guest,
+seeing or hearing of a single bridal gift, but some of the wedding
+guests I recall very distinctly. Among them were Mr. and Mrs. Charles
+King, the former of whom was President of Columbia College and an
+intimate friend of General Scott's; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ray, whose
+daughter Cornelia married Major Schuyler Hamilton, aide-de-camp to
+General Scott during the Mexican war; Prof. Clement C. Moore and his
+daughter Theresa; Mr. and Mrs. Edward Mayo of Elizabeth, N.J., the
+former of whom was Mrs. Scott's brother; Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell, a
+sister of Mrs. Scott's from Richmond; Major Thomas Williams, an aide to
+General Scott, who was killed during the Civil War; and Major Henry L.
+Scott, aide and son-in-law of General Scott.
+
+The same evening, after the wedding guests had departed and quiet again
+reigned supreme in the household, I went to Mrs. Scott's room to sit
+with her, as she seemed sad and lonely, and at the same time to talk
+over with her, womanlike, the events of the day. In our quiet
+conversation I remember referring to Archbishop Hughes's address to the
+groom, and asked her if she had observed that he had dwelt upon the
+bride "being taken from an affectionate father," while the remaining
+members of the family were entirely ignored. Mrs. Scott immediately
+bristled up and with much warmth of feeling said that she had noticed
+the omission and believed that the action of the Archbishop was
+premeditated. Just here was an undercurrent which as an intimate friend
+of the family I fully understood. After Virginia Scott's death at the
+Georgetown Convent Mrs. Scott was most outspoken in her denunciation of
+the Roman Catholic Church, which she felt had robbed her of her
+daughter.
+
+Some years after his marriage Charles Carroll McTavish applied to the
+Legislature of Maryland for permission to drop his surname and to assume
+that of his great-grandfather, Charles Carroll. As this request was
+strenuously opposed by other descendants of the Signer, who regarded it
+as inexpedient to increase the number of Charles Carrolls, the petition
+of Mr. McTavish was not granted. Mary Wellesley McTavish, his sister, I
+remember as a sprightly young woman of fine appearance. She made her
+_d�but_ in London society as the guest of her aunt, Mary McTavish, wife
+of the Marquis of Wellesley. After a brief courtship she married Henry
+George Howard, a son of the Earl of Carlisle, and accompanied him to the
+Netherlands, where he was the accredited British Minister. Mrs. George
+Bancroft, wife of the historian, who accompanied her husband when he was
+our Minister to England, gave me an interesting sketch of Mrs. Howard's
+varied life. Death finally claimed her in Paris and her body was brought
+back to this country and buried in Maryland, the home of her youth. Her
+mother, who brought the remains across the ocean, soon after her
+bereavement, established "The House of the Good Shepherd" in Baltimore.
+
+Three daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish grew into
+womanhood. The elder sisters, Mary and Emily, both of whom were well
+known for their beauty and vivacity, entered upon cloistered lives. Just
+as the two sisters were about taking this step, they made a request,
+which caused much comment, to the effect that they should be assigned to
+different convents. I understand that Mrs. McTavish, their mother, is
+still living in Rome with the unmarried daughter. During Mrs. Scott's
+residence in Paris she was invited to witness the ceremony of "taking
+the veil" at a prominent convent, and writing to her family at home she
+remarked: "How strange that human beings, knowing the fickleness of
+their natures, should bind themselves for life to one limited space and
+unvarying mode of existence."
+
+Hoboken, or, as it was sometimes called, Paulus Hook, was a great resort
+in my earlier life for residents of the great metropolis. We children,
+accompanied by my father or some other grown person, delighted to roam
+in that locality over what was most appropriately termed the "Elysian
+Fields." Professional landscape-gardening had not then been thought of,
+but nature's achievements often surpass the embellishments of man. Our
+cup of happiness was full to the brim when we were taken to this
+entrancing spot overlooking the Hudson River, with its innumerable
+sloops, steamboats and tugs adding so much to the picturesqueness of the
+scene. As we strolled along, we regaled ourselves every now and then
+with a refreshing glass of mead, a concoction of honey and cold water,
+purchased from a passing vender; and when cakes or candy were added to
+the refreshing drink life seemed very _couleur de rose_ to our childish
+dreams. Then again we made occasional trips up the river, but the
+steamboats and other excursion craft of that day were of course mere
+pigmies compared with those of the present time. The cabin always had a
+large dining table, on either side of which was a line of berths. Guests
+were called to dinner at one o'clock by the vigorous ringing of a large
+bell in the hands of a colored waiter dressed in a white apron and
+jacket. I have often thought how surprised and pleased this old-time
+servant, universally seen in every well-to-do household in those days,
+would be if he could return to earth and hear himself addressed as
+"butler."
+
+It was upon one of these trips up the Hudson that the widow of General
+Alexander Hamilton and her daughter, Mrs. Hamilton Holly, were taking
+their mid-day repast, at one end of the long table, when they were
+informed that Aaron Burr was partaking of the same meal not far from
+them. Their indignation was boundless, and immediately there were two
+vacant chairs. Mrs. Holly was a woman of strong intellect, and a
+friendship which I formed with her is one of the most cherished memories
+of my life. She devoted her widowhood to the care of her aged mother. We
+often engaged in confidential conversations, when she would discuss the
+tragedies which so clouded her life. I especially remember her dwelling
+upon the sad history of her sister, Angelica Hamilton, who, she told me,
+was in the bloom of health and surrounded by everything that goes
+towards making life happy when her eldest brother, Philip Hamilton, was
+killed in a duel. He had but recently been graduated from Columbia
+College and lost his life in 1801 on the same spot where, about three
+years later, his father was killed by Aaron Burr. This dreadful event
+affected her so deeply that her mind became unbalanced, and she was
+finally placed in an asylum, where she died at a very advanced age. Mrs.
+Hamilton lived in Washington, D.C., in one of the De Menou buildings on
+H Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, and Mrs. Holly
+resided in the same city until her death.
+
+Tragedy seemed to pursue the Hamilton family with unrelenting
+perseverance until the third generation. In 1858 the legislature of
+Virginia, desiring that every native President should repose upon
+Virginia soil, made an appropriation for removing the remains of James
+Monroe from New York to Richmond. He died on the 4th of July, 1831,
+while temporarily residing in New York with his daughter, Mrs. Samuel L.
+Gouverneur, and his body was placed in the Gouverneur vault in the
+Marble Cemetery on Second Street, east of Second Avenue, where it
+remained for nearly thirty years. The disinterment of the remains of
+this distinguished statesman was conducted with much pomp and ceremony
+and the body placed on board of the steamer _Jamestown_ and conveyed to
+Richmond, accompanied all the way by the 7th Regiment of New York which
+acted as a guard of honor. The orator of the occasion was John Cochrane,
+a distinguished member of the New York bar; while Henry A. Wise, then
+Governor of Virginia, delivered an appropriate address at the grave in
+Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. My husband, Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+junior, Monroe's grandson, accompanied the remains as the representative
+of the family. After the ceremonies in Richmond were completed, but
+before the 7th Regiment had embarked upon its homeward voyage, one of
+its members, Laurens Hamilton, a grandson of Alexander Hamilton and a
+son of John C. Hamilton, was drowned near Richmond. All the proceedings
+connected with the removal of Mr. Monroe's remains, both in New York and
+in Richmond, were published some years later by Udolpho Wolfe, a
+neighbor and admirer of the late President. A copy of the book was
+presented to each member of the 7th Regiment and one of them was also
+given by the compiler to my husband. A few years later this same New
+York regiment invaded Virginia, but under greatly different
+circumstances. A terrible civil war was raging, and the Old Dominion for
+a time was its principal battle ground.
+
+I recall an amusing anecdote which Mr. Gouverneur told me upon his
+return from this visit to Richmond. While the great concourse of people
+was still assembled at Monroe's grave in Hollywood Cemetery, Governor
+Henry A. Wise, always proud of his State, remarked: "Now we must have
+all the native Presidents of Virginia buried within this inclosure."
+Immediately a vigorous hand was placed on his shoulder by a New York
+alderman who had accompanied the funeral _cort�ge_, who exclaimed in
+characteristic Bowery vernacular: "Go ahead, Governor, you'll fotch
+'em."
+
+The only mode of travel on the Hudson River in my early days was by
+boat. One of my recollections is seeing Captain Vanderbilt in command of
+a steamboat. I have heard older members of my family say that he
+designated himself "Captain Wanderbilt," and that his faithful wife's
+endearing mode of accosting him was "Corneil." At any rate, it is
+well-known that he began life by operating a rowboat ferry between
+Staten Island and New York. In later years a sailboat was substituted
+over this same route. The Hudson River Railroad was originally built
+under the direction of a number of prominent men in the State who were
+anything but skilled in such enterprises. In the beginning of its
+career, while high officials bestowed fat offices upon friends and
+relatives, its finances were in a chaotic condition. It was during this
+state of affairs that Commodore Vanderbilt, with a master mind, grasped
+the situation and reorganized the whole system, thereby greatly
+increasing his own fortune, and placing the railroad upon a sound
+financial basis. After such a remarkable career "blindness to the
+future" seems unkindly given, as doubtless it would have been a source
+of great satisfaction to this Vanderbilt progenitor could he have known
+before passing onward that his hard-earned wealth would eventually
+enrich his descendants, even the representatives of nobility.
+
+I have before me an invitation to a New York Assembly, dated the 29th of
+January, 1841, addressed to my father and mother, which has followed my
+wanderings through seventy years. All of the managers, a list of whom I
+give, were representative citizens as well as prominent society men of
+the day:
+
+     Abm. Schermerhorn,      J. Swift Livingston,
+     Edmd. Pendleton,        Jacob R. LeRoy,
+     James W. Otis,          Thos. W. Ludlow,
+     Wm. Douglas,            Chas. McEvers, Jr.,
+     Henry Delafield,        William S. Miller,
+     Henry W. Hicks,         Charles C. King.
+
+Abraham Schermerhorn belonged to a wealthy New York family, and Edmund
+Pendleton was a Virginian by birth who resided in New York where he
+became socially prominent. James W. Otis was of the Harrison Gray Otis
+family of Boston and, as I have already stated, I was at school with his
+daughter, Sally. William Douglas was a bachelor living in an attractive
+residence on Park Place, where he occasionally entertained his friends.
+He belonged to a thrifty family of Scotch descent and had two sisters,
+Mrs. Douglas Cruger and Mrs. James Monroe, whose husband was a namesake
+and nephew of the ex-President. Early in the last century their mother,
+Mrs. George Douglas, gave a ball, and I insert some doggerel with
+reference to it written by Miss Anne Macmaster, who later became Mrs.
+Charles Russell Codman of Boston. These verses are interesting from the
+fact that they give the names of many of the _belles_ and _beaux_ of
+that time:
+
+    I meant, my dear Fanny, to give you a call
+    And tell you the news of the Douglases ball;
+    But the weather's so bad,--I've a cold in my head,--
+    And I daren't venture out; so I send you instead
+    A poetic epistle--for plain humble prose
+    Is not worthy the joys of this ball to disclose.
+    To begin with our entrance, we came in at nine,
+    The two rooms below were prodigiously fine,
+    And the _coup d'oeil_ was shewy and brilliant 'tis true,
+    Pretty faces not wanting, some old and some new.
+    But, oh! my dear cousin, no words can describe
+    The excess of the crowd--like two swarms in one hive.
+    The squeezing and panting, the blowing and puffing,
+    The smashing, the crushing, the snatching, the stuffing,
+    I'd have given my new dress, at one time, I declare,
+    (The white satin and roses), for one breath of air!
+    But oh! how full often I inwardly sighed
+    O'er the wreck of those roses, so lately my pride;
+    Those roses, my own bands so carefully placed,
+    As I fondly believed, with such exquisite taste.
+    Then to see them so cruelly torn and destroyed
+    I assure you, my dear, I was vastly annoyed.
+    The ballroom with garlands was prettily drest,
+    But a small room for dancing it must be confess'd,
+    If you chanc'd to get in you were lucky no doubt,
+    But oh! luckier far, if you chanced to get out!
+    And pray who were there? Is the question you'll ask.
+    To name the one half would be no easy task--
+    There were Bayards and Clarksons, Van Hornes and LeRoys,
+    All famous, you well know, for making a noise.
+    There were Livingstons, Lenoxes, Henrys and Hoffmans,
+    And Crugers and Carys, Barnewalls and Bronsons,
+    Delanceys and Dyckmans and little De Veaux,
+    Gouverneurs and Goelets and Mr. Picot,
+    And multitudes more that would tire me to reckon,
+    But I must not forget the pretty Miss Whitten.
+    No particular belle claimed the general attention,
+    There were many, however, most worthy of mention.
+    The lily of Leonards' might hold the first place
+    For sweetness of manner, and beauty and grace.
+    Her cousin Eliza and little Miss Gitty
+    Both danc'd very lightly, and looked very pretty.
+    The youngest Miss Mason attracted much notice,
+    So did Susan Le Roy and the English Miss Otis;
+    Of _Beaux_ there were plenty, some new ones 'tis true,
+    But I won't mention names, no, not even to you.
+    I was lucky in getting good partners, however,
+    Above all, the two Emmetts, so lively and clever.
+    With Morris and Maitland I danc'd; and with Sedgwick,
+    Martin Wilkins, young Armstrong and droll William Renwick.
+    The old lady was mightily deck'd for the Ball
+    With Harriet's pearls--and the little one's shawl;
+    But to give her her due she was civil enough,
+    Only tiresome in asking the people to stuff.
+    There was supper at twelve for those who could get it,
+    I came in too late, but I did not regret it,
+    For eating at parties was never my passion,
+    And I'm sorry to see that it's so much the fashion.
+    After supper, for dancing we'd plenty of room,
+    And so pleasant it was, that I did not get home
+    Until three--when the ladies began to look drowsy,
+    The lamps to burn dim, and the Laird to grow boosy.
+    The ball being ended, I've no more to tell--
+    And so, my dear Fanny, I bid you farewell.
+
+In the old pamphlet from which I have already quoted, edited in 1845 by
+Moses Y. Beach and compiled for the purpose of furnishing information
+concerning the status of New York citizens to banks, merchants and
+others, I find the following amusing description of George Douglas:
+"George Douglas was a Scotch merchant who hoarded closely. His wine
+cellar was more extensive than his library. When George used to see
+people speculating and idle it distressed him. He would say: 'People get
+too many _idees_ in their head. Why don't they work?' What a blessing he
+is not alive in this moonshine age of dreamy schemings." Mr. Beach
+apparently was not capable of appreciating a thrifty Scotchman.
+
+This same pamphlet gives an account of a picturesque character whom I
+distinctly remember as a highly prominent citizen of New York. His
+parentage was involved in mystery, and has remained so until this day. I
+refer to Mr. Preserved Fish, the senior member of the firm of Fish,
+Grinnell & Co., which subsequently became the prominent business house
+of Grinnell, Minturn & Co. Sustained by the apparel peculiar to infants,
+he was found floating in the water by some New Bedford fishermen who,
+unable to discover his identity, bestowed upon him the uncouth name
+which, willingly or unwillingly, he bore until the day of his death. He
+and the other members of his firm were originally from New Bedford, one
+of the chief centers of the whale fisheries of New England, and came to
+New York to attend to the oil and candle industries of certain merchants
+of the former city. Few business men in New York in my day were more
+highly respected for indomitable energy and personal integrity than Mr.
+Fish. He became President of the Tradesmen's Bank, and held other
+positions of responsibility and trust. He represented an ideal type of
+the self-made man, and in spite of an unknown origin and a ridiculous
+name battled successfully with life without a helping hand.
+
+In connection with the Douglas family, I recall a beautiful wedding
+reception which, as well as I can remember, took place in the autumn of
+1850, at Fanwood, Fort Washington, then a suburb of New York. The bride
+was Fanny Monroe, a daughter of Colonel James Monroe, U.S.A., and
+granddaughter of Mrs. Douglas of whose ball I have just spoken. The
+groom was Douglas Robinson, a native of Scotland. It was a gorgeous
+autumn day when the votaries of pleasure and fashion in New York drove
+out to Fanwood, where groomsmen of social prominence stood upon the wide
+portico to greet the guests and conduct them to the side of the newly
+married pair. Mrs. Winfield Scott was our guest in Houston Street at the
+time, but did not accompany us to the wedding as no invitation had
+reached her. My presence reminded Mrs. Monroe that Mrs. Scott was in New
+York, and she immediately inquired why I had not brought her with me. As
+I gave the reason both Colonel and Mrs. Monroe seemed exceedingly
+annoyed. It seems that her invitation had been sent to Washington but
+had not been forwarded to her in New York. In those days Mrs. Scott's
+distinguished presence and sparkling repartee, together with the fact
+that her husband was Commander-in-Chief of the Army, added luster to
+every assemblage. The Army was well represented at this reception and it
+was truly "the feast of reason and the flow of soul." Colonel "Jimmy"
+Monroe was a great favorite with his former brother-in-arms as he was a
+genial, whole-souled and hospitable gentleman. My sister Margaret and I
+were accompanied to Fanwood by an army officer, Colonel Donald Fraser, a
+bachelor whom I had met some years before at West Point. The paths of
+the bride and myself diverged, and it was a very long time before we met
+again. It was only a few years ago, while she was residing temporarily
+in Washington. She was then, however, a widow and was living in great
+retirement. She is now deceased.
+
+When we alighted from our carriage the day of the Monroe-Robinson
+wedding at Fanwood a young man whom I subsequently learned was Mr.
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, junior, a cousin of the bride, walked over to me,
+asked my name and in his capacity of groomsman inquired whether I would
+allow him to present me to the bride. I was particularly impressed by
+his appearance, as it was unusually attractive. He had raven-black hair,
+large bluish-gray eyes and regular features; but what added to his charm
+in my youthful fancy was the fact that he had only recently returned
+from the Mexican War, in which, as I learned later, he had served with
+great gallantry in the 4th Artillery. I had never seen him before,
+although in thinking the matter over a few days later I remembered that
+I had met his mother and sister in society in New York. I did not see
+him again until five years later, when our paths crossed in Washington,
+and in due time I became his bride.
+
+To return to the New York Assembly in 1841. Henry Delafield, whose name
+appears on the card of invitation, belonged to a well-known family. His
+father, an Englishman by birth, settled in New York in 1783 and is
+described in an early city directory as "John Delafield, Insurance
+Broker, 29 Water Street." The Delafields were a large family of brothers
+and were highly prosperous. I remember once hearing Dr. John W. Francis
+say: "Put a Delafield on a desert island in the middle of the ocean,
+and he will thrive and prosper." Henry Delafield and his brother William
+were almost inseparable. They were twins and strikingly alike in
+appearance. General Richard Delafield, U.S.A., for many years
+Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point, was another
+brother, as was also Dr. Edward Delafield, a physician of note, who
+lived in Bleecker Street and in 1839 married Miss Julia Floyd of Long
+Island, a granddaughter of William Floyd, one of the New York Signers.
+About thirty-five years ago three of the Delafield brothers, Joseph,
+Henry and Edward, all advanced in life, died within a few days of each
+other and were buried in Greenwood Cemetery at the same time, the
+funeral taking place from old Trinity Church. On this occasion all the
+old customs were observed, and the coffins were made of solid mahogany.
+
+[Illustration: SAMUEL L. GOUVERNEUR, JUNIOR.]
+
+John Swift Livingston lived in Leonard Street, and I recall very
+pleasantly a party which I attended at his house before the marriage of
+his daughter Estelle to General John Watts de Peyster. The latter,
+together with his first cousins, General "Phil" Kearny and Mrs.
+Alexander Macomb, inherited an enormous fortune from his grandfather
+John Watts, who was one of the most prominent men of his day and the
+founder of the Leake and Watts Orphan House, which is still in
+existence. John G. Leake was an Englishman who came to New York to live
+and, dying without heirs, left his fortune to Robert Watts, a minor son
+of John Watts. Robert Watts, however, did not long survive his
+benefactor. Upon his death the Leake will was contested by his
+relatives, but a decision was rendered in favor of the nearest kin of
+the boy, who was his father. After gaining his victory John Watts
+established this Orphan House and with true magnanimity placed Leake's
+name before his own. Jacob R. LeRoy lived in Greenwich Street near the
+Battery, which at this time was a fashionable section of the city.
+His sister Caroline, whom I knew, became the second wife of Daniel
+Webster. Mr. LeRoy's daughter Charlotte married Rev. Henry de Koven,
+whose son is the musical genius, Reginald de Koven. Henry W. Hicks was
+the son of a prominent Quaker merchant and a member of the firm of Hicks
+& Co., which did an enormous shipping business until its suspension,
+about 1847, owing to foreign business embarrassments. Thomas W. Ludlow
+was a wealthy citizen, genial and most hospitably inclined. He owned a
+handsome country-seat near Tarrytown, and every now and then it was his
+pleasure to charter a steamboat to convey his guests thither; and I
+recall several pleasant days I spent in this manner. When we reached the
+Tarrytown home a fine collation always awaited us and in its wake came
+music and dancing. Charles McEvers, junior, belonged to an old New York
+family and was one of the executors of the Vanden Heuvel estate. His
+niece, Mary McEvers, married Sir Edward Cunard, who was knighted by
+Queen Victoria. William Starr Miller married a niece of Philip Schuyler,
+who was a woman possessing many excellent traits of character. As far as
+I can remember, she was the only divorced person of those days who was
+well received in society, for people with "past histories" were then
+regarded with marked disfavor.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+SOME DISTINGUISHED ACQUAINTANCES
+
+
+In close proximity to St. John's Park, during my early life on Hubert
+Street, there resided a Frenchman named Laurent Salles, and I have a
+vivid recollection of a notable marriage which was solemnized in his
+mansion. The groom, Lispenard Stewart, married his daughter, Miss Louise
+Stephanie Salles, but the young and pretty bride survived her marriage
+for only a few years. She left two children, one of whom is Mrs.
+Frederick Graham Lee, whom I occasionally see in Washington, where with
+her husband she spends her winters.
+
+When playing in St. John's Park in this same neighborhood, I made the
+acquaintance of Margaret Tillotson Kemble, one of the young daughters of
+William Kemble already mentioned as living on Beach Street, opposite
+that Park. Mr. Kemble was the son of Peter Kemble, member of the
+prominent firm of "Gouverneur and Kemble," shipping merchants of New
+York, which traded with China and other foreign countries. This firm,
+the senior members of which were the brothers Nicholas and Isaac
+Gouverneur, was bound together by a close family tie, as Mrs. Peter
+Kemble was Gertrude Gouverneur, a sister of the two Gouverneur brothers.
+My intimacy with Margaret Tillotson Kemble, formed almost from the
+cradle, lasted without a break throughout life. She was a second cousin
+of my husband and married Charles J. Nourse, a member of the old
+Georgetown, D.C., family. The last years of her life were entirely
+devoted to good works. Her sister, Mary, married Dr. Frederick D. Lente,
+at one time physician to the West Point foundry, at Cold Spring, N.Y.,
+and subsequently a distinguished general practitioner in New York and
+Saratoga Springs. Ellen Kemble, the other sister, of whom I have already
+spoken, never married. She was eminent for her piety, and her whole life
+was largely devoted to works of charity.
+
+The Kemble house on Beach Street was always a social center and I think
+I can truthfully say it was more than a second home to me. Mrs. William
+Kemble, who was Miss Margaret Chatham Seth of Maryland, was a woman of
+decided social tastes and a most efficient assistant to her husband in
+dispensing hospitality. Gathered around her hearthstone was a large
+family of girls and boys who naturally added much brightness to the
+household. Mr. Kemble was a well-known patron of art and his house
+became the rendezvous for persons of artistic tastes. It was in his
+drawing-room that I met William Cullen Bryant; Charles B. King of
+Washington, whose portraits are so well known; John Gadsby Chapman, who
+painted the "Baptism of Pocahontas," now in the rotunda of the Capitol
+at Washington; Asher B. Durand, the celebrated artist; and Mr. Kemble's
+brother-in-law, James K. Paulding, who at the time was Secretary of the
+Navy under President Martin Van Buren. Mr. Kemble was one of the
+founders of the Century Club of New York, a life member of the Academy
+of Design, and in 1817, at the age of twenty-one, in conjunction with
+his older brother, Gouverneur Kemble, established the West Point
+foundry, which for a long period received heavy ordnance contracts from
+the United States government. The famous Parrott guns were manufactured
+there. Captain Robert P. Parrott, their inventor and an army officer,
+married Mary Kemble, a sister of Gouverneur and William Kemble, who in
+early life was regarded as a beauty. Mr. William Kemble, apart from his
+artistic tastes, owned a number of fine pictures, among which was a
+Sappho by a Spanish master. It was given to Mrs. Kemble by the
+grandfather of the late Rear Admiral Richard W. Meade, U.S.N. When the
+Kemble family left Beach Street and moved to West Twenty-fifth Street
+this picture was sold to Gouverneur Kemble for $5,000, and placed in his
+extensive picture gallery at Cold Spring.
+
+Mrs. William Kemble was a woman of marked ability and an able
+_raconteurse_. Early in life she had been left an orphan and was brought
+up by her maternal uncle, Dr. Thomas Tillotson of the Eastern shore of
+Maryland, whose wife was Margaret Livingston, a daughter of Judge Robert
+R. Livingston and a sister of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston. Another
+sister of Mrs. Tillotson was the widow of General Richard Montgomery, of
+the Revolutionary War, who fell at the battle of Quebec. The Tillotsons,
+Livingstons and Montgomerys all owned fine residences near Hyde Park on
+the Hudson; and a close intimacy existed between the Tillotsons and the
+Kembles owing to the fact that Mr. Kemble's first cousin, Emily
+Gouverneur, married Mrs. Kemble's first cousin, Robert Livingston
+Tillotson. William Kemble's younger brother, Richard Frederick, married
+Miss Charlotte Morris, daughter of James Morris of Morrisania, N.Y.
+
+The summer home of William Kemble was in a large grove of trees at Cold
+Spring and life under its roof was indeed an ideal existence. I was
+their constant guest and although it was a simple life it teemed with
+beauty and interest. Our days were spent principally out of doors and
+the sources of amusement were always near at hand. As all of the Kembles
+were experts with the oar, we frequently spent many hours on the Hudson.
+Another unfailing source of pleasure was a frequent visit to West Point
+to witness the evening parade. As we knew many of the cadets they
+frequently crossed the river to take an informal meal or enjoy an hour's
+talk on the attractive lawn. Lieutenant Colonel (subsequently General)
+William J. Hardee, who for a long time was Commandant of Cadets at West
+Point, I knew quite well. Later in his career he was ordered to
+Washington, where as a widower he became a social lion, devoting himself
+chiefly to Isabella Cass, a daughter of General Lewis Cass. His career
+in the Confederate Army is too well known for me to relate. After the
+Civil War I never saw him again, as he lived in the South. During one of
+my visits at the Kembles General Robert E. Lee was the Superintendent of
+the West Point Military Academy, but of him I shall speak hereafter.
+
+Among the cadets whom I recall are Henry Heth of Virginia, an officer
+who was subsequently highly esteemed in the Army, and who, at the
+breaking out of the Civil War, followed the fortunes of his native state
+and became a Major General in the Confederate Army; Innis N. Palmer,
+whom I met many years later in Washington when he had attained the rank
+of General; and Cadet Daniel M. Beltzhoover of Pennsylvania, a musical
+genius, who was a source of great pleasure to us but whose career I have
+not followed.
+
+At this period in the history of West Point Cozzen's Hotel was the only
+hostelry within the military enclosure. A man named Benny Havens kept a
+store in close proximity to the Military Academy, but as it was not upon
+government territory no cadet was allowed to enter the premises.
+Although liquor was his principal stock in trade he kept other articles
+of merchandise, but only as a cover for his unlawful traffic. The cadets
+had their weaknesses then as now, and as this shop was "forbidden fruit"
+many of them visited his resort under the cover of darkness. If caught
+there "after taps," the punishment was dismissal. The following
+selections from a dozen verses written by Lieutenant Lucius O'Brien,
+U.S.A., and others, which I remember hearing the cadets frequently sing,
+were set to the tune of "Wearing of the Green":
+
+    Come, fill your glasses, fellows, and stand up in a row,
+    To singing sentimentally, we're going for to go;
+    In the army there's sobriety, promotion's very slow,
+    So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!
+
+      Oh, Benny Havens, oh!--oh! Benny Havens oh!
+      So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Come, fill up to our Generals, God bless the brave heroes,
+    They're an honor to their country and a terror to her foes;
+    May they long rest on their laurels and trouble never know,
+    But live to see a thousand years at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+    Here's a health to General Taylor, whose "rough and ready" blow
+    Struck terror to the _rancheros_ of braggart Mexico;
+    May his country ne'er forget his deeds, and ne'er forget to show
+    She holds him worthy of a place at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+    To the "veni vidi vici" man, to Scott, the great hero,
+    Fill up the goblet to the brim, let no one shrinking go;
+    May life's cares on his honored head fall light as flakes of snow,
+    And his fair fame be ever great at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+Lieutenant O'Brien died in the winter of 1841 and the following verse to
+his memory was fittingly added to his song:
+
+    From the courts of death and danger from Tampa's deadly shore,
+    There comes a wail of manly grief, "O'Brien is no more,"
+    In the land of sun and flowers his head lies pillowed low,
+    No more he'll sing "Petite Coquette" or Benny Havens, oh!
+
+Since then numerous other verses have been added, from time to time,
+and, for aught I know to the contrary, the composition is still growing.
+After the death of General Scott in 1866 the following verse was added:
+
+    Another star has faded, we miss its brilliant glow,
+    For the veteran Scott has ceased to be a soldier here below;
+    And the country which he honored now feels a heart-felt woe,
+    As we toast his name in reverence at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+I wish that I could recall more of these lines as some of the prominent
+men of the Army were introduced in the most suggestive fashion. Benny
+Havens doubtless has been sleeping his last sleep for these many years,
+but I am sure that some of these verses are still remembered by many of
+the surviving graduates of West Point.
+
+In the vicinity of William Kemble's cottage at Cold Spring was the
+permanent home of his older brother, Gouverneur Kemble. For a few years
+during his earlier life he served as U.S. Consul at Cadiz, under the
+administration of President Monroe. His Cold Spring home was of historic
+interest and for many years was the scene of lavish hospitality. General
+Scott once remarked that he was "the most perfect gentleman in the
+United States." The most distinguished men of the day gathered around
+his table, and every Saturday night through the entire year a special
+dinner was served at five o'clock--Mr. Kemble despised the habitual
+three o'clock dinners of his neighbors--which in time became historic
+entertainments. This meal was always served in the picture gallery, an
+octagonal room filled with valuable paintings, while breakfast and
+luncheon were served in an adjoining room. All of the professors and
+many of the officers at West Point, whom Mr. Kemble facetiously termed
+"the boys," had a standing invitation to these Saturday evening dinners.
+There was an agreement, however, among the younger officers that too
+many of them should not partake of his hospitality at the same time, as
+his dining table would not accommodate more than thirty guests. How well
+I remember these older men, all of whom were officers in the Regular
+Army: Professors William H. C. Bartlett, Dennis H. Mahan, the father of
+Captain Alfred T. Mahan, U.S.N., Albert E. Church, and Robert W. Weir.
+If by any chance Mr. Kemble, or "Uncle Gouv," as he was generally known
+to the family connection, was obliged to be absent from home, these
+entertainments took place just the same, presided over by his sister,
+Mrs. Robert P. Parrott. Indeed, I recall that during a tour of Europe
+Mr. Kemble made with ex-President Van Buren these Saturday dinner
+parties were continued for at least a year.
+
+Carving was considered a fine art in those days, an accomplishment which
+has largely gone out of style since the introduction of dinner _� la
+Russe_. A law existed in Putnam County, in which Cold Spring is
+situated, which forbade the killing of game during certain months in the
+year. When a transgressor of this law succeeded in "laying low" a pair
+of pheasants, they were nicknamed "owls"; and I have seen two "owls"
+which, under these circumstances, were almost unobtainable, carved in
+such a proficient manner by "Uncle Gouv" that, although we numbered over
+a score, each person received a "satisfying" piece. His guests were most
+appreciative of his hospitality, and I once heard General Scott say that
+he would be willing to walk at least ten miles to be present at a dinner
+at Gouverneur Kemble's. His wines were always well selected as well as
+abundant. I have often known him to have a house party of many guests
+who had the privilege of remaining indefinitely if they so desired. The
+actress Fanny Kemble and her father, though not related to the New York
+family, were guests in his home during one of their visits to America.
+She was a great pedestrian, and I recall having a small stream of water
+in the vicinity of Cold Spring called to my notice where, during her
+rambles, she was known to stop and bathe her feet.
+
+Long before the War of the Revolution, Mr. Kemble's aunt, Margaret
+Kemble, married General Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief of the British
+forces in that conflict, and resided with him in England. While I was
+living in Frederick, Maryland, I sent "Uncle Gouv"--he was then an old
+man and very appreciative of any attention--a photograph of Whittier's
+heroine, Barbara Frietchie. He in turn sent it to Viscount Henry Gage, a
+relative of the British General. The English nobleman who was familiar
+with the Quaker poet seemed highly pleased to own the picture and
+commented favorably upon the firm expression of the mouth and chin of
+this celebrated woman.
+
+Army officers were frequently stationed at Cold Spring to inspect the
+guns cast at the Kemble foundry. Among these I recall with much pleasure
+Major Alfred Mordecai of the Ordnance Corps. He was a highly efficient
+officer and previous to the Civil War rendered conspicuous service to
+his country. He was a Southerner and at the beginning of the war is said
+to have requested the War Department to order him to some duty which did
+not involve the killing of his kinsmen. His request was denied and his
+resignation followed.
+
+In the midst of the Civil War, after a protracted absence from the
+country in China, I arrived in New York, and one of the first items of
+news that was told me was that the West Point foundry was casting guns
+for the Confederacy. I speedily learned that this rumor was altogether
+unfounded. It seems that some time before the beginning of hostilities
+the State of Georgia ordered some small rifled cannon from the West
+Point foundry with the knowledge and consent of the Chief of the
+Ordnance Department, General Alexander B. Dyer. Colonel William J.
+Hardee, then Commandant-of-Cadets, was selected to inspect these guns
+before delivery; but when they were finished the war-cloud had grown to
+such proportions that Robert P. Parrott, the head of the foundry at the
+time, Gouverneur Kemble having retired from active business eight or ten
+years previously, refused to forward them. They lay at the foundry for
+some time, and were afterwards bought by private parties from New York
+City and presented to the government, thereby doing active service
+against the Confederacy. In his interesting book recently published
+entitled "Retrospections of an Active Life," Mr. John Bigelow refers to
+this unfortunate rumor. He says: "On the 21st of January, 1861, I met
+the venerable Professor Weir, of the West Point Military Academy, in the
+cars on our way to New York, when he told me that Colonel Hardee, then
+the Commandant-of-Cadets at the Academy, was buying arms for his native
+state of Georgia, and that the Kembles, whose iron works were across the
+river from West Point at Cold Spring, were filling a large order for
+him." I knew Professor Weir very well, and Mr. Bigelow's statement, I
+think, is a mistake, as all of the professors at West Point were too
+loyal to Mr. Gouverneur Kemble to allow wild rumors engendered by war to
+remain uncontradicted.
+
+This seems a fitting place to recall the pleasant friendship I made with
+General Robert E. Lee long before he became the Southern chieftain. I
+have already stated that when I visited Cold Spring in other days he was
+Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. He was a constant visitor
+at the Kembles, and his imposing presence and genial manner are so well
+known as to render a description of them altogether superfluous. Some
+years later when I was visiting at the home of General Winfield Scott in
+Washington I renewed my pleasing friendship with him. There existed
+between these two eminent soldiers a life-long attachment, and when the
+Civil War was raging it seemed almost impossible to realize that Scott
+and Lee represented opposite political views, as hitherto they had
+always seemed to be so completely in accord.
+
+The Cold Spring colony was decidedly sociable, and a dinner party at one
+of the many cottages was almost a daily occurrence. Captain and Mrs.
+Robert P. Parrott entertained most gracefully, and their residence was
+one of the show-places of that locality. I have heard Captain Parrott
+facetiously remark that he had "made a loud noise in the world" by the
+aid of his guns.
+
+The first time I ever saw Washington Irving, with whom I enjoyed an
+extended friendship, was when he was a guest of Gouverneur Kemble. The
+intimate social relations existing between these two friends began in
+early life, and lasted throughout their careers, having been fostered by
+a frequent interchange of visits. In his earlier life Mr. Kemble
+inherited from his relative, Nicholas Gouverneur, a fine old estate near
+Newark, New Jersey, which bore the name of "Mount Pleasant." Washington
+Irving, however, rechristened the place "Cockloft Hall," and in a vein
+of mirth dubbed the bachelor-proprietor "The Patroon." Irving described
+this retreat in his "Salmagundi," and the characters there depicted
+which have been thought by many to be fanciful creations were in reality
+Gouverneur Kemble and his many friends. His place was subsequently sold,
+but the intimacy between the two men continued, and it has always seemed
+to me that there was much pathos connected with their friendship. Both
+of them were bachelors and owned homes of more than passing historic
+interest on the Hudson. Irving called Kemble's residence at Cold Spring
+"Bachelor's Elysium," while to his own he applied the name of "Wolfert's
+Roost." In the spring of 1856 in writing to Kemble he said: "I am happy
+to learn that your lawn is green. I hope it will long continue so, and
+yourself likewise. I shall come up one of these days and have a roll on
+it with you"; and Kemble, upon another occasion, in urging Irving to
+visit him added as an inducement, "come and we will have a game of
+leap-frog." Referring to their last meeting Irving said of Kemble: "That
+is my friend of early life--always unchanged, always like a brother, one
+of the noblest beings that ever was created. His heart is pure gold."
+That was in the summer of 1859, and in the following November Irving
+died, at the ripe old age of seventy-six. Constant in life, let us hope
+that in death they are not separated, and that in the Silent Land
+
+    No morrow's mischief knocks them up.
+
+Let the cynic who spurns the consoling influences of friendship ponder
+upon the life-intimacy of these two old men who, throughout the cares
+and turmoils of a long and engrossing existence, illustrated so
+beautifully the charm of such a benign relationship.
+
+Irving impressed me as having a genial but at the same time a retiring
+nature. He was of about the average height and, although quite advanced
+in years when I knew him, his hair had not changed color. His manner was
+exceeding gentle and, strange to say, with such a remarkable vocabulary
+at his command, in society he was exceedingly quiet. In his early life
+Irving was engaged to be married to one of his own ethereal kind, but
+she passed onward, and among his friends the subject was never broached
+as it seemed too sacred to dwell upon. Her name was Matilda Hoffman and
+she was a daughter of the celebrated jurist of New York, Judge Josiah
+Ogden Hoffman. She died in 1809 in her eighteenth year.
+
+My last meeting with Irving is vividly impressed upon my memory as the
+occasion was quite memorable. I was passing the winter in Washington as
+the guest of my elder sister, Mrs. Eames, who a few years before had
+married Charles Eames, Esq., of the Washington Bar. Irving, who was then
+seventy-two years old, was making a brief visit to the Capital and
+called to see me. This was in 1855, when William M. Thackeray was on his
+second visit to this country and delivering his celebrated lectures upon
+"The Four Georges." I had scarcely welcomed Mr. Irving into my sister's
+drawing-room when Thackeray was announced, and I introduced the two
+famous but totally dissimilar men to each other. Thackeray was a man of
+powerful build and a very direct manner, but to my mind was not an
+individual to be overpowered by sentiment. I can not remember after the
+flight of so many years the nature of the conversation between Irving
+and Thackeray apart from the mutual interchange that ordinarily passes
+between strangers when casually presented.
+
+Later I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Thackeray quite a number of
+times during his sojourn in Washington where he was much lionized in
+society. One evening we were all gathered around the family tea table
+when he chanced to call and join us in that cup which is said to cheer.
+He entered into conversation with much enthusiasm, especially when he
+referred to his children. He seemed to have a special admiration for a
+young daughter of his, and related many pleasing anecdotes of her
+juvenile aptitude. I think he referred to Anne Isabella Thackeray (Lady
+Richie), who gave to the public a biographical edition of her father's
+famous works. I remember we drifted into a conversation upon a recently
+published novel, but the title of the book and its author I do not
+recall. At any rate, he was discussing its heroine, who, under some
+extraordinary stress of circumstances, was forced to walk many miles in
+her stocking-feet to obtain succor, and the whole story was thrilling in
+the extreme; whereupon the author of "Vanity Fair" exclaimed, "She was
+shoeicidal." Although he was an Englishman, he was not averse to a
+pun--even a poor one! I remember asking Mr. Thackeray whether during his
+visit to New York he had met Mrs. De Witt Clinton. His response was
+characteristic: "Yes, and she is a gay old girl!"
+
+James K. Paulding, the distinguished author who married the sister of
+Gouverneur and William Kemble and lived at Hyde Park, farther up the
+Hudson, frequently formed one of the pleasant coterie that gathered
+around "Uncle Gouv's" board. "The Sage of Lindenwald," as ex-President
+Martin Van Buren was frequently called by both friend and foe, also
+repeatedly came from his home in Kinderhook to dine with Mr. Kemble, and
+these memories call to mind a dinner I attended at "Uncle Gouv's" when
+Mr. Van Buren was the principal guest. Although it was many years after
+his retirement from the presidential office, the impression he made upon
+me was that of a quiet, deliberate old gentleman, who continued to be
+well versed in the affairs of state.
+
+A short distance from Cold Spring is Garrison's, where many wealthy New
+Yorkers have their country seats. Putnam County, in which both
+Garrison's and Cold Spring are located, was once a portion of Philipse
+Manor. The house in the "Upper Manor," as this tract of land was called,
+was The Grange, but over forty years ago it was burned to the ground. It
+was originally built by Captain Frederick Philips about 1800, and was
+the scene of much festivity. The Philipses were tories during the
+Revolution, and it is said that this property would doubtless have been
+confiscated by the government but for the fact that Mary Philips, who
+was Captain Frederick Philips' only child, was a minor at the close of
+the war in 1783. Mary Philips, whose descendants have spelled the name
+with a final _e_, married Samuel Gouverneur, and their eldest son,
+Frederick Philipse Gouverneur, dropped the name Gouverneur as a surname
+and assumed that of Philipse in order to inherit a large landed estate
+of which The Grange was a conspicuous part.
+
+When I first visited Garrison's the Philipse family was living at The
+Grange in great elegance. Frederick Philipse was then a bachelor and his
+maiden sister, Mary Marston Gouverneur, presided over his establishment.
+Another sister, Margaret Philipse Gouverneur, married William Moore, a
+son of the beloved physician, Dr. William Moore of New York, a nephew of
+President Benjamin Moore of Columbia College and a first cousin of
+Clement C. Moore who wrote the oft quoted verses, "'Twas the Night
+before Christmas," which have delighted the hearts of American children
+for so many decades.
+
+Frederick Philipse subsequently married Catharine Wadsworth Post, a
+member of a prominent family of New York. It was while Mr. and Mrs.
+Philipse were visiting her relatives that The Grange was destroyed by
+fire. Miss Mary Marston Gouverneur had ordered the chimneys cleaned, in
+the manner then prevalent, by making a fire in the chimney place on the
+first floor, in order to burn out the d�bris. The flames fortunately
+broke out on the top story, thus enabling members of the family to save
+many valuable heirlooms in the lower apartments. Among the paintings
+rescued and now in the possession of Frederick Philipse's daughters, the
+Misses Catharine Wadsworth Philipse and Margaret Gouverneur Philipse of
+New York, was the portrait of the pretty Mary Philipse, Washington's
+first love. Tradition states she refused his offer of marriage to become
+the bride of Roger Morris, an officer in the British Army. It is
+generally believed that she was the heroine of Cooper's "Spy;" but she
+had then laid aside the belleship of early youth and had become the
+intellectual matron of after years. Some of the other portraits rescued
+were those of Adolphus Philipse, second son of the first Lord of the
+Manor; Philip Philipse, and his wife, Margaret Marston, whose second
+husband was the Rev. John Ogilvie, for many years assistant minister of
+Trinity Church of New York; Margaret Philipse, younger sister of Mary,
+who married Roger Morris; Captain Frederick Philips, by Gilbert Stuart;
+Mrs. Samuel Gouverneur; Nathaniel Marston and his wife, Mary Crooke; and
+Mrs. Abraham Gouverneur who was the daughter of Jacob Leisler, at one
+time the Acting Governor of the Province of New York.
+
+One visit I made to the Philipses at Garrison's is especially fresh in
+my memory, as Eleanor Jones Duer, a daughter of President William A.
+Duer of Columbia College, who subsequently married George T. Wilson of
+Georgia, was their guest at the same time. She was a woman of much
+culture and refinement, and in every way a delightful companion. A great
+intimacy existed for many years between the Gouverneurs and Philipses of
+Garrison's and the Duer family of New York. The Philipses, who at this
+time lived very much in the old-fashioned style, were the last of the
+old families with which I was familiar to have the cloth removed after
+the dessert was served; and in doing this an elegant mahogany table
+always kept in a highly polished condition was displayed. Upon it were
+placed the fruits, nuts and wine. Another custom in the Philipse family
+which, as far as I know, was unique in this country was that of having
+four meals a day. Breakfast was served at eight, luncheon at one, dinner
+at six and supper at nine o'clock.
+
+During another visit I made at The Grange I had the pleasure of meeting
+Mr. and Mrs. Henry Sheaffe Hoyt (Frances Maria Duer), who were house
+guests there and who had just returned from an extended European tour.
+She was another daughter of President Duer of Columbia College and died
+not long ago in Newport, R.I., at a very advanced age. Mrs. John King
+Van Rensselaer, a daughter of Mrs. Archibald Gracie King (Elizabeth
+Denning Duer), is her niece.
+
+Before leaving the banks of the Hudson River I must speak of my former
+associations with Newburgh. From my earliest life we children were in
+the habit of making frequent visits to my mother's relatives, the Roe
+family, who resided there. We all eagerly looked forward to these trips
+up the Hudson which were made upon the old _Thomas Powell_ and later
+upon the _Mary Powell_. My mother's relative, Maria Hazard, married
+William Roe, one of the most highly respected and prosperous citizens of
+Newburgh. They lived in a stately mansion surrounded by several acres
+of land in the heart of the city. Mrs. Roe was a remarkable woman. I
+knew her only as an elderly matron; but, like women of advanced age in
+China, where I spent a number of years of my early married life, she
+controlled everyone who came within her "sphere of influence." I
+remember, for example, that upon one occasion when I was visiting her,
+Thomas Hazard Roe, her elder son, who at the time was over sixty years
+of age and a bachelor and who desired to go upon some hunting
+expedition, said to her: "Mother, have I your permission to go to the
+Adirondacks?" She thought for a few moments and replied: "Well, Hazard,
+I think you might go."
+
+About the year 1840 Newburgh was recommended by two of the earliest
+prominent homeopathic physicians of New York City, Doctors John F. Gray
+and Amos G. Hull, as a locality well-adapted to people affected with
+delicate lungs, and upon their advice many families built handsome
+residences there. In my early recollection Newburgh had a fine hotel
+called the Powelton, which bade fair to become a prominent resort for
+New Yorkers. In the zenith of its prosperity, however, it was burned to
+the ground and was never rebuilt. I hardly think that anyone will have
+the assurance to dispute the healthfulness of this place when I state
+that my cousin, Thomas Hazard Roe, of whom I have just spoken, died
+there in 1907 after having more than rounded a full century of years. He
+was in many ways a remarkable man with a mind well stored with
+knowledge, and he retained all of his mental faculties unclouded until
+the end of his life. His sister, Mary Elizabeth, the widow of the late
+William C. Hasbrouck, a prominent Newburgh lawyer and a few years his
+junior, also died quite recently in Newburgh at the age of ninety-seven.
+Her son, General Henry C. Hasbrouck, U.S.A., also died but a short time
+since, but her daughter, Miss Maria Hasbrouck, whose whole life has been
+devoted to her family, still resides in the old homestead. The third
+and youngest member of this interesting trio, Miss Emily Maria Roe, is
+now living in Newburgh at an advanced age, surrounded by a large
+connection and beloved by everyone.
+
+One of the most prominent families in Newburgh in years gone by was that
+of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Powell, from whom the celebrated river boats were
+named. Mrs. Powell's maiden name was Mary Ludlow, and she belonged to a
+well-known New York family. Her brother, Lieutenant Augustus C. Ludlow,
+who was second in command on board the _Chesapeake_, under Captain James
+Lawrence of "Don't give up the ship" fame, is buried by the latter's
+side in old Trinity church-yard in New York. Mrs. Powell took great
+pride and pleasure in the boat named in her honor, the _Mary Powell_,
+and I have frequently seen her upon my trips up the Hudson, sitting upon
+the deck of her namesake and chatting pleasantly with those around her.
+
+Newburgh was also the home of Andrew Jackson Downing, the author of
+"Landscape Gardening," "Cottage Residences," and other similar works. I
+received my first knowledge of horticulture from a visit I made to his
+beautiful residence, which was surrounded by several acres. It was my
+earliest view of nature assisted by art, and to my untutored eye his
+lawn was a veritable Paradise. Some years later, when I was visiting the
+Scotts in Washington, Mr. Downing called and during our conversation
+told me that he had come to the Capital, upon the invitation of the
+government, to lay out the Smithsonian grounds. His wife was Miss
+Caroline De Wint of Fishkill, New York, a granddaughter of Mrs. Henry
+William Smith (Abigail Adams), the only daughter of President John Adams
+who reached maturity. After spending some months in Washington, Mr.
+Downing was returning to his Newburgh home when the _Henry Clay_, a
+Hudson River steamboat upon which he had taken passage, was destroyed
+by fire and he perished while attempting to rescue some of the
+passengers. This was in 1852.
+
+There are some persons still living who will readily recall, in
+connection with social functions, the not uncommon name of Brown. The
+particular Brown to whom I refer was the sexton of Grace Episcopal
+Church, on the corner of Broadway and Tenth Street, where many of the
+_soi-disant cr�me de la cr�me_ worshiped. He must have possessed a
+christian name, but if so I never heard it for he was only plain Brown,
+and Brown he was called. He was born before the days when spurious
+genealogical charts are thrust at one, _nolens volens_; but probably
+this was lucky for him and the public was spared much that is
+uninteresting. In connection with his duties at Grace Church he came in
+contact with many fashionable people, and was enabled to add materially
+to his rather small income by calling carriages from the doorsteps for
+the society folk of the great metropolis. In this and other ways his
+pursuits gradually became so varied that in time he might have been
+safely classed among the _dilettanti_. The most remarkable feature of
+his career, however, was the fact that, in spite of his humble calling,
+he became a veritable social dictator, and many an ambitious mother with
+a thousand-dollar ball upon her hands (this being about the usual sum
+spent upon an evening entertainment at that time), lacked the courage to
+embark upon such a venture without first seeking an interview with
+Brown. I knew but little about his powers of discrimination, as we as a
+family never found his services necessary, but when requested I know he
+furnished to these dependent hostesses lists of eligible young men whom
+he deemed proficient in the polka and mazurka, the fashionable dances of
+the day. Strange as it may appear, I can vouch for the truth of the
+statement that many an exclusive hostess was glad to avail herself of
+these lists of the accommodating Brown. The dances just mentioned were,
+by the way, introduced into this country by Pierro Saracco, an Italian
+master who taught me to dance, and who was quite popular in the
+fashionable circles of his day. Many years later, when I was residing in
+Maryland, he came to Frederick several times a week and gave dancing
+lessons to my two older daughters.
+
+Brown was a pleasant, genial, decidedly "hail-fellow-well-met" man, as I
+remember him, and was in a way the precursor of Ward McAllister, though
+of course on a decidedly more unpretentious plane. One cannot but
+express surprise at the consideration with which Brown's _prot�g�s_ were
+treated by the _�lite_, nor can one deny that the social destinies of
+many young men were the direct result of his strenuous efforts. I
+remember, for example, one of these who at the time was "a youth to
+fortune and to fame unknown," whom Brown took under his sheltering wing
+and whose subsequent social career was shaped by him. He is of foreign
+birth, with a pleasing exterior and address and, through the
+instrumentality of his humble friend who gave him his first start, is
+to-day, although advanced in life, one of the most conspicuous
+financiers in New York, and occasionally has private audiences with
+presidents and other magnates. Moreover, I feel certain that he will
+welcome this humble tribute to his benefactor with much delight, as the
+halo which now surrounds his brow he owes in a large degree to his early
+introduction into the smart set by the sexton of Grace Church. The last
+I ever heard of Brown, he visited Europe. After his return from his
+well-earned holiday he died and was laid to rest in his own native soil.
+Peace to Brown's ashes--his work was well done! It cannot be said of
+him, as of many others, that he lived in vain, as he was doubtless the
+forerunner of the later and more accomplished leader and dictator of New
+York's "Four Hundred."
+
+A poetaster paid him the following facetious tribute:
+
+    Oh, glorious Brown, thou medley strange
+      Of churchyard, ballroom, saint, and sinner,
+    Flying by morn through fashion's range
+      And burying mortals after dinner.
+    Walking one day with invitations,
+    Passing the next at consecrations,
+    Tossing the sod at eve on coffins,
+    With one hand drying tears of orphans,
+    And one unclasping ballroom carriage,
+    Or cutting plumcake up for marriage;
+    Dusting by day the pew and missal,
+    Sounding by night the ballroom whistle,
+    Admitted free through fashion's wicket,
+    And skilled at psalms, at punch, and cricket.
+
+An amusing anecdote is told of Brown's financial _prot�g�_ whose name I
+have withheld. When he was still somewhat uncertain of his social status
+he received an invitation to a fancy ball given by a fashionable matron.
+This recognition he regarded as a conspicuous social triumph, and in his
+desire to do the proper thing he sought William R. Travers--"Bill
+Travers," as he was generally called--to ask his advice in regard to the
+proper costume for him to wear. The inquiring social aspirant had a head
+well-denuded of hair, and Mr. Travers, after a moment's hesitation,
+wittingly replied: "Sugarcoat your head and go as a pill!"
+
+Though not a professional wit, Brown was at least capable of making a
+pun quite equal to those inflicted upon society by some of his
+superiors. As sexton of Grace Church, he officiated at the wedding of
+Miss Phoebe Lord, a daughter of Daniel Lord, whose marriage to Henry
+Day, a rising young lawyer, was solemnized in this edifice. At the close
+of the reception following the marriage ceremony someone laughingly
+called upon Brown for a toast. He was equal to the occasion as he
+quickly replied: "This is the Lord's Day!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+FASHION AND LETTERS
+
+
+One of the show places of New York State, many years ago, was the
+residence of John Greig, a polished Scotch gentleman who presided with
+dignity over his princely estate in Canandaigua in central New York, and
+there dispensed a generous hospitality. Mr. Greig was the agent for some
+of the English nobility, many of whom owned extensive tracts of land in
+America. The village of Canandaigua was also the home of the Honorable
+Francis Granger, a son of Gideon Granger, Postmaster General under
+Jefferson and Madison. Francis Granger was the Postmaster General for a
+brief period under President William Henry Harrison, but the latter died
+soon after his inauguration and his successor did not retain him in his
+cabinet. It is said of Francis Granger that he was a firm believer in
+the words of ex-Governor William L. Marcy in the United States Senate in
+1832 that "to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy," and that
+during his month of cabinet service eighteen hundred employees in his
+department were dismissed. The Democrats evidently thought that "turn
+about was fair play," as a few years later, under President Polk, the
+work of decapitation was equally active. Ransom H. Gillett, Register of
+the Treasury at that time, became so famous at head-chopping, that he
+was soon nicknamed "Guillotine."
+
+Mr. Granger, with his fine physique and engaging manner (he was often
+called "the handsome Frank Granger"), was well adapted to the
+requirements of social life and especially to those of the National
+Capital, where the _beaux esprits_ usually congregated. His only
+daughter, Adele Granger, often called "the witty Miss Granger," was at
+school at Madame Chegaray's with my elder sister Fanny, and in my
+earlier life was frequently a guest in our Houston Street home, prior to
+her sojourn in Washington, where her father for many years represented
+his district in Congress. We looked forward to her visits as one
+anticipates with delight a ray of sunshine. She was always assured of
+the heartiest of welcomes in Washington, where she was the center of a
+bright and intellectual circle. She finally married Mr. John E. Thayer,
+a Boston capitalist, and after his death became the wife of the Hon.
+Robert C. Winthrop of the same city. She presided with grace over a
+summer home in Brookline and a winter residence in Boston, at both of
+which she received hosts of distinguished guests. To illustrate the
+importance with which she was regarded, one of her guests remarked to
+me, during one of my visits at the Brookline home, that Mrs. Winthrop
+was more than one woman--that in that locality she was considered an
+"institution." In the latter part of Mr. Winthrop's life I received a
+very graceful note from him enclosing the following ode written by him
+in honor of the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria:
+
+     BOSTON, MASS.
+          90 Marlborough Street, 20 Feb'y 1888.
+
+     Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     Your kind note and the pamphlet reached me this morning. I
+     thank you for them both.
+
+     I have lost no time in hunting up a spare copy of my little
+     Ode on the Queen's Jubilee.
+
+     I threw it into a newspaper with not a little misgiving. I
+     certainly did not dream that it would be asked for by a lady
+     seven or eight months after its date. I appreciate the
+     compliment.
+
+          Yours truly,
+
+               ROBT. C. WINTHROP.
+
+     Mrs. M. Gouverneur.
+
+         ODE.
+
+         Not as our Empress do we come to greet thee,
+               Augusta Victoria,
+           On this auspicious Jubilee:
+         Wide as old England's realms extend,
+               O'er earth and sea,--
+         Her flag in every clime unfurled,
+         Her morning drum-beat compassing the world,--
+         Yet here her sway Imperial finds an end,
+           In our loved land of Liberty!
+
+         Nor is it as our Queen for us to hail thee,
+               Excellent Majesty,
+           On this auspicious Jubilee:
+         Long, long ago our patriot fathers broke
+         The tie which bound us to a foreign yoke,
+               And made us free;
+         Subjects thenceforward of ourselves alone,
+         We pay no homage to an earthly throne,--
+           Only to God we bend the knee!
+
+         Still, still, to-day and here, thou hast a part,
+               Illustrious Lady,
+         In every honest Anglo-Saxon heart,
+           Albeit untrained to notes of loyalty:
+         As lovers of our old ancestral race,--
+         In reverence for the goodness and the grace
+           Which lends thy fifty years of Royalty
+         A monumental glory on the Historic page,
+         Emblazoning them forever as the Victorian Age;
+
+         For all the virtue, faith and fortitude,
+               The piety and truth
+         Which mark thy noble womanhood,
+               As erst thy golden youth,--
+         We also would do honor to thy name,
+         Joining our distant voices to the loud acclaim
+           Which rings o'er earth and sea,
+         In attestation of the just renown
+         Thy reign has added to the British Crown!
+
+         Meanwhile no swelling sounds of exultation
+               Can banish from our memory,
+               On this auspicious Jubilee,
+         A saintly figure standing at thy side,
+         The cherished consort of thy power and pride,
+         Through weary years the subject of thy tears,
+             And mourned in every nation,--
+         Whose latest words a wrong to us withstood,
+         The friend of peace,--Albert, the Wise and Good!
+
+         Boston, June, 1887.        ROBERT C. WINTHROP.
+
+At Geneseo, in the beautiful Genesee Valley, and a few miles from
+Canandaigua, in one of the most fertile portions of the State of New
+York, resided a contemporary and friend of Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Miss
+Elizabeth Wadsworth, a daughter of James Wadsworth, a well-known
+philanthropist and one of the wealthiest landed proprietors in the
+state. He was also the father of Major General James S. Wadsworth, a
+defeated candidate for Governor of New York, who was killed in 1864 at
+the battle of the Wilderness. Miss Wadsworth was celebrated for her
+grace of manner. I had the pleasure of knowing her quite well in New
+York, where she generally passed her winters. Quite early in life and
+before the period when the fair daughters of America had discovered, to
+any great extent, the advantages of matrimonial alliances with foreign
+_partis_, she married the Honorable Charles Augustus Murray, a member of
+the English Parliament and of a Scotch family, the head of which was the
+Earl of Dunmore. She lived but a few years, and died in Egypt, where her
+husband was Consul General, leaving a young son. Her husband's ancestor,
+John Murray, Lord Dunmore, was the last Colonial Governor of Virginia.
+It has been asserted that but few, if any, Colonial Governors, not even
+the sportive Lord Cornbury of New York who, upon state occasions,
+dressed himself up in female attire in compliment to his royal cousin,
+Queen Anne, had quite as eventful a career. Lord Dunmore originally came
+to America as Governor of the Province of New York, but was subsequently
+transferred to Virginia. While in New York he was made President of the
+St. Andrew's Society, a Scotch organization which had been in existence
+about twenty years and whose first President was Philip Livingston, the
+Signer. In an old New York directory of 1798 I find the following names
+of officers of this society for the preceding year: Walter Ruturfurde
+(sic), President; Peter M'Dougall and George Turnbull, Vice Presidents;
+George Douglass, Treasurer; George Johnson, Secretary; John Munro,
+Assistant Secretary; the Rev. John M. Mason and the Rev. John Bisset,
+Chaplains; Dr. James Tillary, Physician; and William Renwick, James
+Stuart, John Knox, Alexander Thomson, Andrew D. Barclay, and John
+M'Gregor, Managers.
+
+It was not at all flattering to the pride of Virginia that Lord Dunmore
+lingered so long in New York after his order of transfer to the Old
+Dominion. He also greatly incurred the displeasure of the Virginians by
+occasionally dissolving their Assembly, and they found him generally
+inimical to their interests. Finally matters were brought to an issue,
+and Dunmore, in defense of his conduct, issued a proclamation against "a
+certain Patrick Henry and his deluded followers." His final act was the
+burning of Norfolk in 1776, which at that time was the most flourishing
+city in Virginia. During Lord Dunmore's life in Colonial Virginia, a
+daughter was born to him and at the request of the Assembly was named
+"Virginia." It is said that subsequently a provision was made by the
+Provincial Legislature, by virtue of which she was to receive a very
+large sum of money when she became of age. Meanwhile, the War of the
+Revolution severed the yoke of Great Britain, and Lord Dunmore returned
+to England with his family. Time passed and the little girl born in the
+Virginia colony grew into womanhood. Her father had died and as her
+circumstances became contracted she addressed a letter to Thomas
+Jefferson, then President of the United States, under the impression
+that he was Governor of Virginia. Jefferson sent the letter to James
+Monroe, who was then Governor of Virginia, and he in turn referred it
+to the Legislature of that State. This letter is now in my possession
+and is as follows:
+
+     Sir:
+
+     I am at a loss how to begin a letter in which I am desirous
+     of stating claims that many long years have been forgotten,
+     but which I think no time can really annihilate until
+     fulfilment has followed the promise. I imagine that you must
+     have heard that during my father Dunmore's residence in
+     America I was born and that the Assembly, then sitting at
+     Williamsburg, requested that I might be their God-daughter
+     and christened by the name of Virginia; which request being
+     complied with, they purposed providing for me in a manner
+     suitable to the honor they conferred upon me and to the
+     responsibility they had taken on themselves. I was
+     accordingly christened as the God-daughter of that Assembly
+     and named after the State. Events have since occurred which
+     in some measure may have altered the intentions then
+     expressed in my favor. These were (so I have understood)
+     that a sum of money should be settled upon me which,
+     accumulating during my minority, would make up the sum of
+     one hundred thousand pounds when I became of age. It is true
+     many changes may have taken place in America, but that fact
+     still remains the same. I am still the God-daughter of the
+     Virginians. By being that, may I not flatter myself I have
+     some claims upon their benevolence if not upon their
+     justice? May I not ask that State, especially you, sir,
+     their Governor, to fulfil in some respects the engagements
+     entered into by their predecessors? Your fathers promised
+     mine that I should become their charge. I am totally
+     unprovided for; for my father died without making a will. My
+     brothers are married, having families of their own; and not
+     being bound to do anything for me, they regard with
+     indifference my unprotected and neglected situation. Perhaps
+     I ought not to mention this circumstance as a proper
+     inducement for you to act upon; nor would I, were it not my
+     excuse for wishing to remind you of the claims I now
+     advance. I hope you will feel my right to your favor and
+     protection to be founded on the promises made by your own
+     fathers, and in the situation in which I stand with regard
+     to the State of Virginia. You will ask, sir, why my appeal
+     to your generosity and justice has been so tardy. While my
+     father lived, I lived under his protection and guidance. He
+     had incurred the displeasure of the Virginians and he feared
+     an application from me would have seemed like one from him.
+     At his decease I became a free agent. I had taken no part
+     which could displease my God-fathers, and myself remained
+     what the Assembly had made me--their God-daughter,
+     consequently their charge. I wish particularly to enforce my
+     dependence upon your bounty; for I feel hopes revive, which
+     owe their birth to your honor and generosity, and to that of
+     the State whose representative I now address. Now that my
+     father is no more, I am certain they and you will remember
+     what merited your esteem in his character and conduct and
+     forget that which estranged your hearts from so honorable a
+     man. But should you not, you are too just to visit what you
+     deem the sins of the father upon his luckless daughter.
+
+          I am, sir, your obt. etc.
+
+In 1831 the small but pretty Gramercy Park in New York was established
+by Samuel B. Ruggles. I have heard that this plot of ground was
+originally used as a burying ground by Trinity parish. As I first
+recollect the spot, there were but four or five dwellings in its
+vicinity. One of the earliest was built by James W. Gerard, a prominent
+lawyer, who was regarded as a most venturesome pioneer to establish his
+residence in such a remote locality. Next door to Mr. Gerard, a few
+years later, lived George Belden, whose daughter Julia married Frederick
+S. Tallmadge. Mr. Tallmadge died only a few years ago, highly respected
+and esteemed by a large circle of friends.
+
+In 1846 I was one of the guests at a fashionable wedding in a residence
+on the west side of this park, which was possibly the first ceremony of
+the kind to take place in this then remote region. The bride's mother,
+the widow of Richard Armistead of New Bern, N.C., who habitually spent
+her winters in New York, had purchased the house only a few months
+previously. The bride, Susan Armistead, was an intimate friend of mine,
+and a well-known belle in both the North and the South. The groom, a
+resident of New York, was John Still Winthrop, of the same family as the
+Winthrops of Massachusetts. The guests composed an interesting
+assemblage of the old _r�gime_, many of whose descendants are now in the
+background. I met on that occasion many old friends, among whom the
+Kings, Gracies, Winthrops and Rogers predominated. Mrs. De Witt Clinton
+honored the occasion, dressed in the fashion of a decade or two
+previous. Her presence was a very graceful act as she then but seldom
+appeared in society, her only view of the gay world being from her own
+domain. Her peculiarity in regard to dress was very marked as she
+positively declined to change it with the prevailing style but clung
+tenaciously to the old-fashioned _modes_ to the end of her life. Miss
+Armistead was an ideal-looking bride in her white dress and long tulle
+veil and carried, according to the custom then prevalent, a large flat
+bouquet of white japonicas with white lace paper around the stems. In
+the dining-room, a handsome collation was served, with a huge wedding
+cake at one end of the table and pomegranates, especially sent from the
+bride's southern home, forming a part of the repast. The health of the
+newly wedded couple was drunk in champagne and good cheer prevailed on
+every side. The whole house bore a happy aspect with its floral
+decorations and its bright Liverpool coal fires burning in the grates.
+Furnaces, by the way, were then unknown. In New York there was at that
+time a strong prejudice against anthracite coal, and Liverpool coal was
+therefore generally used, the price of which was fifteen dollars a ton.
+I have many close and tender associations connected with this bride of
+so many years ago, especially as our friendship, formed in our early
+life, still extends to her descendants. Some years after Mrs. Winthrop's
+marriage, and in her earlier widowhood, four generations traveled
+together, and then, as at other times, dwelt under the same roof. They
+were Mrs. Nathaniel Smith, Mrs. Richard Armistead, Mrs. John S. Winthrop
+and her son, John S. Winthrop, who, with his interesting family, now
+resides in Tallahassee.
+
+In 1841, Lord Morpeth, the seventh Earl of Carlisle and a worthy
+specimen of the English nobility, visited the United States, and while
+here investigated the subject of the inheritance of slaves by English
+subjects. His report seems to have been favorably received, as a law was
+passed subsequent to his return declaring it illegal for Englishmen to
+hold slaves through inheritance. England's sympathetic heart about this
+time was in a perennial throb for "the poor Africans in chains,"
+apparently quite oblivious to the fact that the "chains" had been
+introduced and cemented by her fostering hand.
+
+I recall with unusual pleasure an entertainment where Lord Morpeth was
+the guest of honor, at the residence of William Bard on College Place,
+at that time a fashionable street in the vicinity of old Columbia
+College. I have always remembered the occasion as I was then introduced
+to Lord Morpeth and enjoyed a long and pleasant conversation with him.
+Our host was a son of Dr. Samuel Bard, physician to General Washington
+during the days when New York was the seat of government.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. JOHN STILL WINTHROP, N�E ARMISTEAD, BY SULLY
+
+_From a portrait owned by John Still Winthrop of Tallahassee._]
+
+Mr. and Mrs. John Austin Stevens lived on Bleecker Street and had a
+number of interesting daughters. They were an intellectual family and I
+attended an entertainment given by them in honor of Martin Farquhar
+Tupper, the author of "Proverbial Philosophy." Mr. Stevens' sister,
+Lucretia Ledyard Stevens, married Mr. Richard Heckscher of
+Philadelphia.
+
+Another gentlewoman of the same period was Mrs. Laura Wolcott Gibbs,
+wife of Colonel George Gibbs of Newport. The first Oliver Wolcott, a
+Signer, Governor of Connecticut and General in the Revolutionary War,
+was her grandfather; while the second of the same name, Secretary of the
+Treasury under Washington and Adams, Governor of his State and United
+States Judge, was her father. I am in the fullest sympathy with the
+following remarks concerning her made at her funeral by the Rev. Dr.
+Henry W. Bellows: "I confess I always felt in the presence of Mrs. Gibbs
+as if I were talking with Oliver Wolcott himself, and saw in her
+self-reliant, self-asserting and independent manner and speech an
+unmistakable copy of a strong and thoroughly individual character,
+forged in the hottest fires of national struggle. The intense
+individuality of her nature set her apart from others. You felt that
+from the womb she must have been just what she was--a piece of the
+original granite on which the nation was built.... The force, the
+courage, the self-poise she exhibited in the ordinary concerns of our
+peaceful life would in a masculine frame have made, in times of national
+peril, a patriot of the most decided and energetic character--one able
+and willing to believe all things possible, and to make all the efforts
+and sacrifices by which impossibilities are accomplished."
+
+Mrs. Gibbs was literally steeped and moulded in the traditions of the
+past; in fact, she was a reminder of the noble women of the
+Revolutionary era, many of whom have left records behind them. She was
+gifted with a keen sense of humor, and her talent in repartee was
+proverbial. Although many years my senior, I found delightful
+companionship in her society, and her home was always a great resource
+to me. Her accomplished daughter, the wife of Captain Theophile
+d'Oremieulx, U.S.A., was particularly skilled in music. Her son, Wolcott
+Gibbs, the distinguished Professor of Harvard University, maintained to
+the last the high intellectual standard of his ancestors. He died
+several years ago. I was informed by his mother that at one period of
+its history Columbia College desired to secure his services as a
+professor, but that the Hon. Hamilton Fish, one of its trustees and an
+uncompromising Episcopalian, objected on the ground of his Unitarian
+faith and was sustained by the Board of Trustees. It seemed a rather
+inconsistent act, as at another period of its history a Hebrew was
+chosen as a member of the same faculty.
+
+As nearly as I can remember, it was in the summer of 1845 that I spent
+several weeks as the guest of the financier and author, Alexander B.
+Johnson, in Utica, New York. Mrs. Johnson's maiden name was Abigail
+Louisa Smith Adams, and she was the daughter of Charles Adams, son of
+President John Adams. During my sojourn there her uncle, John Quincy
+Adams, came to Utica to visit his relatives, and I had the pleasure of
+being a guest of the family at the same time. He was accompanied upon
+this trip by his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Charles Francis Adams, a young
+grandson whose name I do not recall, and the father of Mrs. Adams, Peter
+C. Brooks, of Boston, another of whose daughters was the wife of Edward
+Everett. Upon their arrival in Utica, the greatest enthusiasm prevailed,
+and the elderly ex-President was welcomed by an old-fashioned torchlight
+procession. In response to many urgent requests, Mr. Adams made an
+impromptu speech from the steps of the Johnson house, and proved himself
+to be indeed "the old man eloquent." Although he was not far from eighty
+years old, he was by no means lacking in either mental or physical
+vitality. Mrs. Charles Francis Adams impressed me as a woman of unusual
+culture and intellectuality, while her father, Peter C. Brooks, was a
+genial old gentleman whom everyone loved to greet. He was at that time
+one of Boston's millionaires; and many years later I heard his grandson,
+the late Henry Sidney Everett, of Washington, son of Edward Everett,
+say of him that when he first arrived in Boston he was a youth with
+little or no means.
+
+After the Adams party had rested for a few days a pleasure trip to
+Trenton Falls, in Oneida County, was proposed. A few prominent citizens
+of Utica were invited by the Johnsons to accompany the party, and among
+them several well-known lawyers whose careers won for them a national as
+well as local reputation. Among these I may especially mention the
+handsome Horatio Seymour, then in his prime, whose courteous manners and
+manly bearing made him exceptionally attractive. Mr. Adams bore the
+fatigue of the trip remarkably well and his strength seemed undiminished
+as the day waned. His devoted daughter-in-law remained constantly beside
+him while at the Falls to administer to his comfort and attend to his
+wants; in fact, she was so solicitous concerning him that she requested
+that she might, in going and coming, occupy a carriage as near him as
+possible. I cannot but regard her as a model for many of the present
+generation who fail to be deeply impressed by either merit or years.
+
+The Adamses were charming guests, and I have always felt that I was
+highly privileged to visit under the same roof with them, and especially
+to listen to the words of wisdom of the venerable ex-President. I have
+heard it stated, by the way, that during his official life in
+Washington, Mr. Adams took a daily bath in the Potomac. This luxury he
+must have missed in Utica, as at this time it offered no opportunities
+for a plunge except in the "raging canal." Mrs. Charles Francis Adams
+accompanied her husband when he went to England, during our Civil War,
+to represent the United States at the Court of St. James. The consummate
+manner in which he conducted our relations with Great Britain at that
+critical period marked him as an accomplished statesman and a
+diplomatist of the rarest skill. The nature of his task was one of
+extreme delicacy, and it is highly probable that, but for his masterly
+efforts, England would have recognized the independence of the Southern
+Confederacy. The energy and fidelity with which he met the requirements
+of his mission undermined his health and, returning to this country, he
+retired to his old home in Quincy.
+
+While in Utica I drove in the family carriage with Mrs. Johnson and her
+sister, Mrs. John W. King, to Peterboro, about twenty-five miles
+distant, to visit Mr. and Mrs. Gerrit Smith. Mr. Smith had already
+commenced his crusade against slavery, and the family antipathy to the
+institution was so strong that two of his nieces, sisters of General
+John Cochrane, who later became President of the Society of the
+Cincinnati, refused to wear dresses made of cotton because it was a
+Southern staple. As I remember this great anti-slavery agitator, he was
+a remarkably handsome man with an air of enthusiasm which seemed to
+pervade his whole being. From 1853 to 1855 he was in Congress, and I had
+the pleasure of listening to one of his scathing speeches on the floor
+of the House of Representatives in denunciation of slavery. I recall his
+unusual felicity in the use of Scriptural quotations, one of which still
+lingers in my ears: "Where the spirit of the Lord is there is liberty."
+His daughter Elizabeth married Charles Dudley Miller, a prominent
+citizen of Utica. She was a woman of very pronounced views, as may be
+judged, in part, by the fact that some years after my marriage, and
+while living in Washington, I met her by accident one day at the Capitol
+and to my surprise discovered that she was wearing bloomers!
+
+In September, 1849, I was returning to my home in New York from another
+visit to the Johnsons in Utica, when, upon the invitation of Mrs.
+Hamilton Fish, whose husband was then Governor of the Empire State, I
+stopped in Albany and visited them. They were of course occupying the
+gubernatorial mansion, but its exact location I cannot exactly recall.
+Life was exceedingly simple in the middle of the last century, even in
+the wealthiest families, and through all these years I seem to remember
+but a single incident connected with the family life of these early
+friends--the trivial fact that the breakfast hour was seven o'clock.
+Mrs. Fish was a model mother and was surrounded by a large and
+interesting family of children, some of whom are among the highly
+prominent people of the present time.
+
+_Apropos_ of the Fish children, an amusing story is told of the keen
+sense of humor of the late William M. Evarts, who presented in every-day
+life such a stern exterior. When, on one occasion, he was a guest of the
+Fish family at their summer home on the Hudson, his attention was called
+to a large and beautifully executed painting of a group of children
+which, as was quite apparent, was greatly treasured by the ex-Governor.
+Mr. Evarts gazed upon the portrait for some minutes in silence and then
+exclaimed in a low tone, "little Fishes." Mr. Fish stood near his guest
+but, not catching the exact drift of his remark, replied: "Sir, I do not
+understand." The bright response was: "Yes, I said little fishes,
+_sardines_,"--reminding one of Artemus Ward's definition of sardines,
+"little fishes biled in ile."
+
+Another witticism of Mr. Evarts's which seems to me deserving of
+preservation is said to have been uttered during his residence in
+Washington, when he was Secretary of State under President Hayes. A
+party of distinguished Englishmen was visiting the National Capital and
+Mr. Evarts escorted it to Mount Vernon. After inspecting the mansion and
+the grave of Washington the party walked to the end of the lawn to view
+the attractive scenery of the Potomac River. One of the Englishmen who
+seemed decidedly more conversant with certain phases of American
+history than the others asked Mr. Evarts whether it were really true
+that Washington could throw a shilling across the Potomac. "Yes," said
+Mr. Evarts, in a diplomatic tone, "it is quite true." The same evening
+at a dinner, the Secretary of State repeated the conversation to a
+mutual friend and added: "He could do even better than that; he could
+toss a Sovereign across the Atlantic!"
+
+The day after my arrival in Albany, President Zachary Taylor and his
+suite were the guests of Governor and Mrs. Fish, and the same day a
+dinner was given in his honor which was attended by prominent State
+officials. Meanwhile, a concourse of people had surrounded the mansion,
+anxious to see the President and to demand a speech. Old "Rough and
+Ready" appeared at an open window and faced the multitude, but was not
+as "ready" in speech as with his sword. He made a brave attempt,
+however, to gratify the people, but he seemed exceedingly feeble and his
+voice was decidedly weak. In the course of his remarks his aide and
+son-in-law, Colonel William W. S. Bliss, came to his rescue and prompted
+him, as it were, from behind the scenes; so that everything passed off,
+as I understood the next day, to the satisfaction of his audience.
+Possibly this was one of Taylor's last appearances in public, as he died
+the following summer.
+
+Although Mrs. Fish was at this time a comparatively young woman, she
+presided over the Governor's mansion with the same grace and ease so
+characteristic of her career in Washington when her husband was
+Secretary of State under President Grant. In my opinion, and I know but
+few who had a better opportunity of judging, Mrs. Fish was in many
+respects a remarkable woman. For eight years her home was a social
+center, and she was regarded as the social dictator of the Grant
+administration. When any perplexing questions of a social nature arose
+during her _r�gime_, the general inquiry was: "What does Mrs. Fish
+say?" This in time became a standing joke, but it illustrates the fact
+that her decisions usually were regarded as final.
+
+One of the social leaders in New York during my younger life was Mrs.
+Isaac Jones, who, in her own set, was known as "Bloody Mary." Why this
+name was applied to her I cannot say, as she was not in the least either
+cruel or revengeful, as far as I knew, but on the contrary was suave and
+genial to an unusual degree. She lived on Broadway, directly opposite
+the site where the New York Hotel formerly stood, and her entertainments
+were both numerous and elaborate. She was one of the daughters of John
+Mason, who began life as a tailor but left at his death an estate valued
+at a million dollars, which was a large fortune for those days. Isaac
+Jones was president of the Chemical Manufacturing Company and later
+became prominently connected with the Chemical Bank of New York. A
+brother of Mrs. Jones married Miss Emma Wheatley, a superior young woman
+who, unfortunately for her father-in-law's peace of mind, was an
+actress. This alliance was most distasteful to the whole Mason
+connection, and when John Mason was approaching death George W. Strong,
+a prominent lawyer, was hastily summoned by his daughters to draft his
+will. Almost immediately following Mr. Mason's funeral a legal battle
+was commenced over his estate. He left outright to his three daughters
+their proportionate share of his fortune, but to his son who had
+displeased him by his marriage he devised an annuity of only fifteen
+hundred dollars. Charles O'Conor, the counsel for the son, in his
+argument in behalf of his client, said that Mr. Mason's daughters,
+instead of sending for a clergyman to console his dying moments, had
+demanded the immediate presence of a respectable lawyer, "a lawyer so
+respectable that throughout his entire practice he never had a poor
+client." Mr. O'Conor succeeded in breaking this will, and young Mason
+was given his proper share in his father's estate.
+
+One of John Mason's daughters became the wife of Gordon Hammersley,
+whose son Louis married the beautiful Miss Lilly Warren Price of Troy,
+the daughter of Commodore Cicero Price of the United States Navy. She
+subsequently married the Duke of Marlborough, and afterwards Lord
+William Beresford. The Marlborough-Hammersley ceremony was performed in
+this country by a justice of the peace, and the new Duchess of
+Marlborough went to England to live upon her husband's depleted estates.
+It is said that she was allowed by her late husband's family an annual
+income of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars; and Blenheim, which
+had long felt the strain of "decay's effacing fingers," began again,
+through the agency of the Hammersley wealth, to resemble the structure
+once occupied by that tyrant of royalty, the imperious Sarah Jennings.
+
+Very little seemed to be known about Louis Hammersley, as he lived a
+retired life, and when seen in public was almost invariably accompanied
+by his father, Gordon Hammersley. When the two appeared upon the street,
+they were sometimes facetiously dubbed "Dombey and Son." They were
+familiar figures on Broadway, where they invariably walked arm in arm.
+John Hammersley, a brother of Gordon, was the �sthetic member of this
+well-known family. One of his pet diversions was the giving of unusual,
+and sometimes sensational, dinners. To celebrate the completion of the
+trans-continental railroad, he planned what he called a Roman dinner.
+His guests were furnished with togas and partook of the meal in a
+reclining position, like the Romans of old. This unique entertainment
+was, of course, thoroughly enjoyed, but did not become _� la mode_ as
+the flowing toga could hardly compete with trim waistcoats and clinging
+trousers, even on festive occasions.
+
+Fifty years ago, more or less, a house was erected in New York on the
+southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifteenth Street by Mrs. Charles
+Maverick Parker, and, to the astonishment of Gothamites, it was said to
+have cost one hundred thousand dollars! Later it became the home of the
+Manhattan Club. Many old residents visited it on its completion, as such
+a costly structure was regarded with nothing short of amazement. I
+remember it was an _on dit_ of the town that upon one occasion, when
+Mrs. Parker was personally escorting some unusually prominent person
+through the mansion, she pointed to a pretty little receptacle in her
+bedroom and exclaimed as she passed: "That is where I keep my old shoes.
+I wear old shoes just as other people do." The cost and pretentiousness
+of her establishment caused her to be nicknamed "Mrs. House Parker." Her
+residence was built of brown stone, which so strongly appealed to the
+taste of New Yorkers that in time the same material was largely employed
+in the erection of dwellings. High ceilings were then much in vogue and
+were greatly admired. In our house in Houston Street, where I passed my
+late childhood and early womanhood, the ceilings were unusually high,
+while all of the doors were of massive mahogany set in ornamental white
+frames. In subsequent years I met so many persons who in former days had
+been our neighbors in Houston Street that I was conceited enough to
+designate that locality as "the cradle of the universe." Anthony
+Bleecker Neilson was our next-door neighbor in this famous old street,
+and during my life in China twin sons of his, William and Bleecker, were
+again my neighbors in Foo Chow, where they were both employed in the
+_Hong_ (firm) of Oliphant & Company.
+
+A rival to Mrs. Parker's fine house was not long in appearing. Directly
+opposite a stately residence was built by Mrs. Richard K. Haight which
+subsequently became the New York Club. A great rivalry existed between
+these two matrons which even extended to hats, feathers, gowns and all
+the furbelows so dear to the feminine heart. In fact, the far-famed
+houses of Montague and Capulet could not have maintained more skillful
+tactics; and all the while the Gothamites looked on and smiled. A few
+years later Eugene Shiff, who had spent the greater portion of his life
+in France, built a large house on Fifth Avenue which he surmounted with
+a mansard roof. These pioneers having set the pace, imposing residences
+were erected in rapid succession, and the process has been continued
+until the present day.
+
+In December, 1851, New York was agog over the arrival upon the shores of
+America of Louis Kossuth. As everyone knows, he was the leader of the
+Hungarian revolution of 1848-9, and became the first governor of the
+short-lived Hungarian Republic. When this was overthrown by Austria and
+other countries, Kossuth fled to Turkey and subsequently sailed for this
+country on the U.S. Frigate _Mississippi_. When his arrival became
+known, thousands of people thronged the streets anxious to catch a first
+glimpse of the distinguished foreigner. One might have fancied from the
+enthusiasm displayed that he was one of our own conquering heroes
+returning home. Americans were even more sympathetic then than now with
+all struggles for political freedom, as the history of our own trying
+experiences during the Revolution was, from a sentimental point of view,
+even more of a controlling influence than it is to-day. Several months
+later I heard Kossuth deliver an address at the National Hotel in
+Washington before a large assembly chiefly composed of members of
+Congress, when his subject was "Hungary and her woes." I vividly recall
+the impression produced upon his audience when, in his deeply melodious
+tones, he invoked the "Throne of Grace" and closed with the appealing
+words: "What is life without prayer?" I have never before or since
+observed an audience so completely under the sway of an orator, as it
+seemed to me that there was not a person in the room who at the moment
+would not have been willing to acquiesce in whatever demands or appeals
+he might present. Kossuth's countenance suggested such profound
+depression that one could readily credit the assertion he made during
+his remarks, "I have been trained to grief." He wore during the delivery
+of his address the picturesque costume of the Magyars of his country.
+
+New York had an unusually large coterie of _litt�rateurs_, many of whom
+it was my good fortune to know. Some of these had only recently returned
+from Brook Farm "sadder but wiser" and, at all events, with more
+practical views concerning "the world's broad field of battle." Brook
+Farm had its origin in 1841, and completely collapsed in 1847. It was
+chiefly intended to be the fulfillment of a dream of the Rev. Dr.
+William Henry Channing of "an association in which the members, instead
+of preying upon one another and seeking to put one another down, after
+the fashion of this world, should live together as brothers, seeking one
+another's elevation and spiritual growth." It was essentially
+socialistic in its conception and execution and, although professedly
+altruistic in its nature, was in reality a visionary scheme which
+reflected but little credit upon the judgment of either its originators
+or its patrons. Its company was composed of "members" and "scholars," to
+whom may be added a celebrated list of those who sojourned at the Farm
+for brief periods and were known as "visitors." The whole scheme was
+without doubt one of the most visionary expressions of New England
+transcendentalism, and it failed because in the nature of things no such
+ventures ever have succeeded and, until human nature is essentially
+revolutionized, probably never can. Among its most distinguished members
+were Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles A. Dana, later the brilliant and
+accomplished editor of _The New York Sun_, and George Ripley. George
+William Curtis was one of its scholars, and among its visitors were the
+Rev. William Henry Channing, Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Amos
+Bronson Alcott, Orestes Augustus Bronson, Theodore Parker and Elizabeth
+P. Peabody--forming together one of the most brilliant intellectual
+galaxies that were ever associated in a single enterprise.
+
+Of this number I especially recall George William Curtis, a genius of
+the first brilliancy and remarkable withal for his versatile
+conversational powers. I was talking to him on one occasion when someone
+inquired as to his especial work in the co-operative fold of Brook Farm.
+His laughing reply was, "Cleaning door knobs." George Ripley was a
+distinguished scholar and a prominent journalist. His wife, a daughter
+of Francis Dana, became a convert to Catholicism and is said to have
+found much to console her in that faith until her death from cancer in
+1861. Margaret Fuller, though not possessed of much outward grace, was a
+prolific votary of the pen. I occasionally met her in society before she
+started on an European tour where she met her destiny in the person of
+the Marquis Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, to whom she was secretly married in
+1847. Some years later she embarked with her husband and little boy upon
+a sailing vessel for America, and all were lost off the coast of New
+York in July, 1850. Horace Sumner, a younger brother of the
+distinguished Massachusetts statesman, also perished at the same time.
+
+About 1845 I met Anne C. Lynch of Providence, who came to New York to
+promote her literary ambitions, and was a pleasing addition to this same
+intellectual circle. She was the author of several prose works and also
+of some poetical effusions which were published in 1848 and received
+high commendation. She married Vincenzo Botta, a learned Italian who at
+one time was a professor in the University of Turin. Their tastes were
+similar and the marriage was a very happy one. They lived for many
+years on Thirty-seventh Street in New York, where they maintained a
+charming _salon_. On Sunday evenings their home was the rendezvous of
+many of the literary lights of the metropolis as well as of
+distinguished strangers. Some years before her marriage, Mrs. Botta was
+visiting in Washington, where she formed a friendship with Henry Clay.
+Upon her return to New York he committed to her care a valuable gold
+medal, but upon arriving at her home she discovered to her dismay that
+it was missing from her trunk. It was the general impression that it had
+been stolen from her on her way to New York. About the same time I also
+knew Donald G. Mitchell ("Ik Marvel"), but this was before he had
+entered upon his active and distinguished literary career, and when he
+was a temporary sojourner in New York. He was contributing at that time
+some much appreciated letters to various magazines under the signature
+of "The Lorgnette," which were subsequently republished as a volume
+bearing the same title.
+
+N. P. Willis was another literary genius of the same period whom I had
+the pleasure of knowing. He was cordially welcomed into the social world
+of New York; but, unfortunately for his popularity, he wrote a prose
+effusion entitled, "Those Ungrateful Blidgimses," which was generally
+recognized as a direct attack upon two old ladies who were held in high
+esteem in New York. It was known to many persons that he had had a
+misunderstanding with them and that he had employed this manner of
+taking his revenge. New York society frowned upon what was generally
+considered his ungallant conduct, and for many years the doors of some
+of the most prominent houses in the city were closed against him. As I
+remember reading his story at the time, I thought its title was but a
+poor disguise, as the sisters were named Bridgens, the christian name of
+one of them being Cornelia. This name was distorted into "Crinny," who,
+by the way, was a woman of decided ability. It was against her that the
+author's animosity was chiefly directed. It seems that the Misses
+Bridgens and Mr. Willis chanced to be sojourning at the same time in
+Rome, where the scene of his narrative is laid. Miss Crinny was a
+sufferer from an attack of Roman fever and, under these dire
+circumstances, Mr. Willis represents himself as her attendant, and in
+this capacity refuses to condone the peculiarities of the poor old
+lady's sick-room. His patience in gratifying her morbid fancies is
+graphically described in a vein of ridicule and he tells how by the hour
+he threaded what he terms her "imaginary locks." He also dwells at
+length upon her conversational powers and likens her tongue to the
+elasticity of an eel's tail, which would wag if it were skinned and
+fried. Charles Dudley Warner has described this writing of Mr. Willis as
+"funny but wicked"; it was more than that--it was cruel! Willis made
+another reference to the two sisters in his "Earnest Clay" where he
+speaks of "two abominable old maids by the names of Buggins and
+Blidgins, representing the _scan. mag._ of Florence."
+
+The New York public was in no hurry to reopen its doors to Mr. Willis;
+indeed, it was not until after his marriage to Miss Cornelia Grinnell,
+his second wife, that he was again kindly received. I recall with much
+pleasure a visit I made at Mrs. Winfield Scott's in New York, after that
+city had ceased to be my home, when we went together to dine with Mr.
+and Mrs. N. P. Willis at Idlewild, their country home on the Hudson.
+These were the days when Mrs. Scott was sometimes facetiously called
+_Madame la G�n�ral_. This charming residence of Mr. Willis was several
+miles south of Newburgh, on high ground overlooking the river, and from
+its porches there was an enchanting view of West Point. Mr. Willis told
+us that when he first came to that vicinity he called the attention of
+a countryman from whom he had purchased the land to some uncultivated
+acres and asked a suggestion regarding them. "That," said the man,
+waving his hand in the direction of the trees, "is nothing but an
+Idlewild." The word lingered in Mr. Willis's mind, and he subsequently
+adopted it as the name of his new home.
+
+While living in New York we frequently attended parties at the
+hospitable home of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin F. Butler in Washington Place.
+He was an elegant gentleman of the old school and had served as Attorney
+General in the cabinets of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren. They were
+people of deep religious convictions, and consequently all their
+entertainments were conducted upon the strictest code of the day. For
+example, dancing was never permitted and wine was never served. In place
+of dancing there was a continuous promenade. I generally attended these
+parties accompanied by my father, who enjoyed meeting the legal lights
+of the country, some of whom were always there. Exceptionally handsome
+suppers were served at these entertainments, and every effort was made
+by Mr. and Mrs. Butler to make up, as it were, for the lack of dancing
+which was sorely missed by those more gayly inclined.
+
+A hundred thousand dollars was considered a highly respectable fortune
+in New York between sixty and seventy years ago. Seven per cent, was the
+usual rate of interest, the cost of living was low, and life was, of
+course, much simpler in every way. I recall a prominent young man about
+this period, Henry Carroll Marx, commonly called "Dandy Marx," who was
+said to be the happy possessor of the amount I have named. He was
+devoted to horses and from his home on Broadway he could frequently be
+seen driving tandem on the cobblestone streets. I do not remember his
+entering the social arena; possibly he avoided it in order to escape the
+wiles of designing mothers, whom one occasionally encountered even in
+those ancient days. His faultless attire, which in elegance surpassed
+all his rivals, won for him the nickname of "Dandy." He also rendered
+himself conspicuous as the first gentleman in New York to wear the long,
+straight, and pointed waxed mustache. His two maiden sisters were
+inseparable companions and nearly every day could be seen walking on
+Broadway. Miss Lydia Kane, one of the wits of my day and of whom I have
+already spoken, facetiously called them "number 11"--two straight marks!
+
+In 1845 Burton's Theater was an unfailing source of delight to the
+pleasure-loving public. William E. Burton was an Englishman of rare
+cultivation, and was the greatest comedian New York had ever known.
+Although so gifted, his expression of countenance was one of extreme
+gravity. His presentation of Aminadab Sleek in the "Serious Family" has,
+in my opinion, never been surpassed. He frequently acted in minor
+comedies, but the "Serious Family" was his greatest _r�le_. Niblo's
+Garden on Broadway, near Houston Street, was a source of great delight
+in those days to all Gothamites. It was in this theater that the Ravel
+family had its remarkable athletic performances. When I recall their
+graceful, youthful physiques, I am reminded of Hamlet's philosophical
+musings in the graveyard: "Where be your gibes now, your gambols, your
+songs, your flashes of merriment that were wont to set the table on a
+roar?" P. T. Barnum was a conspicuous figure about this time. His museum
+was on Broadway, at the corner of Ann Street, and not far from the City
+Hall. He was considered a prince of humbugs and perhaps gloried in his
+reputation as such. I distinctly remember the excitement which he
+created over a mummified old colored woman who, he asserted, had been a
+nurse of Washington, and to whom he gave the name of Joice Heth. She was
+undoubtedly a very aged negress, but she still retained full powers of
+articulation and was well coached to reply in an intelligent manner to
+the numerous inquiries respecting her pretended charge. It is needless
+to add that she was only one of Barnum's numerous fakes.
+
+Philip Kearny, a handsome gentleman of a former school, who lived at the
+corner of Broadway and Leonard Street, was a lavish entertainer. He was
+a widower when I knew him, but his daughter, the wife of Major Alexander
+S. Macomb, U.S.A., the son and aide of Major General Alexander Macomb,
+Commander-in-Chief of the Army, lived with him. Major Macomb was
+conspicuous for his attractive personality and imposing presence and was
+said to bear a striking resemblance to Prince Albert, the father of
+Edward VII. His wife was one of the three heirs of John Watts, who owned
+a princely estate. The other two were her brother, the gallant General
+Philip Kearny, and her cousin, General John Watts de Peyster, a son of
+that most accomplished gentleman, Frederick de Peyster, of whom I have
+already spoken. Mrs. Macomb was a generous and attractive woman who
+dispensed with a liberal hand the wealth she had inherited. Her pretty
+cousins, Mary and Nancy Kearny, whom I knew quite well, daughters of her
+father's brothers, were her constant guests. Another frequent visitor of
+this household was Mrs. "Phil" Kearny, as she was invariably called,
+whose maiden name was Diana Moore Bullitt, a famous Kentucky belle,
+well-known for her grace and intellectual attractions. Her sister
+Eloise, usually called "Lou" Bullitt by her intimate friends, married
+Baron Frederick de Kantzow of Sweden, a courtly foreigner who had
+commercial relations with the merchant princes of New York. Tradition
+states that the Baroness de Kantzow, though not possessed of Mrs.
+Kearny's beauty, was a more successful slayer of hearts than her sister,
+and it is said that she had adorers by the score. A third Bullitt
+sister, Mary, married General Henry Atkinson and after his death Major
+Adam Duncan Steuart, both of the United States Army, the latter of whom
+was stationed for many years at Fort Leavenworth.
+
+Mrs. Macomb's health failed at an early period of life and to restore it
+she sought a foreign clime; but, alas, her many friends were never
+gladdened again by her kindly welcome, as she died abroad. In my young
+womanhood I frequently attended parties at the Kearny house where
+dancing and other social pleasures enlivened the scene. In this
+connection it seems proper to refer at greater length to John Watts and
+his interesting trio of daughters. I have already spoken of his son
+Robert, who died unmarried at an early age. His two older daughters,
+Susanna, wife of Philip Kearny, and Mary Justina, wife of Frederick de
+Peyster, did not long survive their marriages; but a third daughter,
+Elizabeth, the wife of Henry Laight, who never had children, lived many
+years with her father and managed the affairs of his household. An
+amusing story was told me many years ago regarding Mrs. Laight which is
+well worthy of mention. As a young girl she was deeply in love with the
+young man who eventually became her husband, but her father was so
+devoted to her and so very dependent upon her that he violently opposed
+her marrying anyone. Accordingly, a secret marriage was planned by the
+young people to take place in Trinity Church. As the youthful pair was
+standing in front of the altar, surrounded by a few sympathetic friends,
+the rector reached the words, "Who giveth this woman to be married to
+this man?" when, to the astonishment of the assembled group, a gruff,
+loud voice in the rear of the church shouted "I do." Old John Watts had
+opposed his daughter's marriage with all his might, but when he learned
+by chance that she was to be married clandestinely, he graciously
+accepted the inevitable and without the knowledge of anyone hurried to
+the church and, entering it by a side door, duly performed his part as
+just related. This anecdote was told me by Arent Schuyler de Peyster, a
+distant cousin of General John Watts de Peyster. Many years later, when
+I repeated it to Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, she remarked in her
+characteristic manner: "He was mean enough not to even allow her the
+satisfaction of a runaway marriage." This estimate of his character,
+however, does not seem to agree with that given by others. The Laights
+were prominent in New York society. One of them, Edward Laight, whom I
+knew as a society beau, was remarkably handsome. He was a good deal of a
+flirt and transferred his affections with remarkable facility from one
+young woman to another. His sister married a Greek, Mr. Eugene Dutilh, a
+gentleman of culture and refinement, who owned a beautiful place at
+Garrison's-on-the-Hudson which he sold about 1861 to Hamilton Fish.
+
+Philip Kearny and his family lived next door to Peter A. Jay, and I
+frequently met the young people of his household at Mrs. Macomb's
+parties. Gouverneur Morris, a son of the distinguished statesman, and
+Edward Kearny were _habitu�s_ of this establishment, as were also Ridley
+and Essex Watts, both of whom I knew well. General "Phil" Kearny from
+his youthful days was an enthusiastic soldier, but he was not a graduate
+of West Point, having been appointed to the regular army from civil life
+by President Van Buren in 1837. He served throughout the Mexican War,
+where he had the misfortune to lose an arm at the battle of Churubusco,
+and was killed during the Civil War in 1862 at the battle of Chantilly.
+
+Speaking of General Macomb, I am reminded of a social _on dit_ of many
+years ago. Mrs. August Belmont (Caroline Slidell Perry) lived in a fine
+house on Fifth Avenue and frequently gave large receptions. His sister,
+Sarah Perry, subsequently Mrs. R. S. Rodgers, was an early friend of
+mine. The elegant Major Alexander S. Macomb, who was his father's
+namesake and aide, on entering Mrs. Belmont's drawing-room was
+unfortunate enough to brush against a handsome vase and completely
+shatter it. It was generally conceded that his hostess was conscious of
+the disaster, but "was mistress of herself though China fall" and
+appeared entirely unconscious of the mishap. Some months later at the
+house of Lady Cunard (Mary McEvers), a similar accident happened. The
+unfortunate guest, however, in this case was immediately approached by
+his hostess, who with much elegant grace begged him not to be disturbed
+as the damage was trifling. Immediately society began an animated
+discussion, when even the judicial powers of Solomon might have found it
+embarrassing to decide which of the two women should be accorded the
+greater degree of _savoir faire_.
+
+In 1844, accompanied by my father, I attended the wedding of Estelle
+Livingston, daughter of John Swift Livingston, to John Watts de Peyster.
+At the time of this marriage, Mr. de Peyster was considered the finest
+_parti_ in the city; while, apart from his great wealth, he was so
+unusually talented that it was generally believed a brilliant future
+awaited him. It was a home wedding, and the drawing-room was well filled
+with the large family connection and other invited guests. At this time
+Mr. Livingston was a widower, but his sister Maria, Mrs. John C. Stevens
+of Hoboken, did the honors of the occasion for her brother. The young
+bride presented a charming appearance in all her finery, and at the
+bountiful collation following the ceremony champagne flowed freely.
+This, however, was no unusual thing, as that beverage was generally seen
+at every entertainment in those good old days. Mrs. John C. Stevens
+lived at one time in Barclay Street, and I have heard numerous stories
+concerning her eccentricities. In 1849 she gave a fancy-dress ball but,
+as she had failed to revise her visiting list in many years, persons who
+had long been dead were among her invited guests. She was especially
+peculiar in her mode of dress, which was not always adapted to her
+social position. It is therefore not at all surprising that unfortunate
+mistakes were occasionally made in regard to her identity. Another of
+her eccentricities consisted in the fact that she positively refused,
+when shopping, to recognize even her most intimate friends, as she said
+it was simply impossible for her to combine business with pleasure. In
+spite of her peculiarities, however, she possessed unusual social charm.
+Her husband was prominent in society and business circles. He was
+founder of the New York Yacht Club as well as its first president, and
+commanded the _America_ in the memorable race in England in 1851, which
+won the celebrated cup that Sir Thomas Lipton and other English
+yachtsmen have failed to restore to their native land. Mary Livingston,
+the younger daughter of John Swift Livingston, was a _petite_ beauty.
+She married a distant relative, a son of Maturin Livingston. I am told
+that her brother, Johnston Livingston, is still living in New York at a
+very advanced age.
+
+Joseph Kemmerer's band was an indispensable adjunct to all social
+gatherings in the days of which I am speaking. The number of instruments
+used was always in proportion to the size of the entertainment. The
+inspiring airs of Strauss and Labitzky, then in vogue, were popular with
+the younger set. These airs bring back pleasant memories, as I have
+frequently danced to them. The waltz in my day was a fine art and its
+votaries were numerous. I recall the fact that Edward James of Albany, a
+witty young gentleman with whom I occasionally danced, was such a
+devotee to the waltz that, not possessing sufficient will power to
+resist its charms and having a delicate constitution, he nearly danced
+himself into another world. Two attractive young brothers, Thomas H. and
+Daniel Messinger, who were general beaux in society, played their parts
+most successfully in the social world by their graceful dancing, and no
+ball was considered complete without their presence. These brothers
+were associated in the umbrella industry, and Miss Lydia Kane, some of
+whose witty remarks I have already quoted, dubbed them the "reigning
+beaux!" Daniel Messinger eventually married Miss Elizabeth Coles
+Neilson, a daughter of Anthony Bleecker Neilson, and became a Lieutenant
+Colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War.
+
+The British Consul General in New York from 1817 to 1843 was James
+Buchanan. He was Irish by birth, and many young British subjects
+visiting the United States made his home their headquarters. He had
+several daughters and, as the whole family was social in its tastes, I
+often enjoyed meeting these sturdy representatives of John Bull at his
+house. Those I knew best came from "the land of brown heath and shaggy
+wood," as in our family we were naturally partial to Scotchmen and, as a
+rule, regarded them as desirable acquaintances. Many of these were
+graduates of Glasgow University and young men of unusual culture and
+refinement. I especially remember Mr. McCorquodale, a nephew of Dr.
+Thomas Chalmers, the distinguished Presbyterian Divine of Scotland. He
+met his future wife in New York in the person of a wealthy and
+attractive widow. Her maiden name I do not recall, although I am
+acquainted with certain facts concerning her lineage. She was the
+granddaughter of Madame de Genlis.
+
+I doubt whether any of these young Scotchmen whom I met remained
+permanently in this country, as they always seemed too loyal to the
+"Land o' Cakes" to entirely expatriate themselves. Another young
+Scotchman, Mr. Dundas, whom I knew quite well through the Buchanans,
+embarked for his native land on board the steamer _President_. This ship
+sailed in the spring of 1841 and never reached her destination. What
+became of her was never known and her fate remains to this day one of
+the mysteries of the sea. In the fall of 1860 the U.S. man-of-war
+_Levant_, on her voyage from the Hawaiian Islands to Panama, disappeared
+in the same mysterious manner in the Pacific Ocean; and, as was the case
+with the _President_, no human being aboard of her was ever heard of
+again. There were many conjectures in regard to the fate of this ship,
+but the true story of her doom has never been revealed. I remember two
+of the officers who perished with her. One of them was Lieutenant Edward
+C. Stout, who had married a daughter of Commodore John H. Aulick,
+U.S.N., and whose daughters, the Misses Julia and Minnie Stout, are well
+remembered in Washington social circles; and the other was Purser Andrew
+J. Watson, who was a member of one of the old residential families of
+the District of Columbia.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+WASHINGTON IN THE FORTIES
+
+
+My first visit to Washington was in 1845. I started from New York at
+eight o'clock in the morning and reached Philadelphia late the same
+afternoon. I broke the journey by spending the night at Jones's Hotel in
+the lower part of the city, which was the usual stopping place of
+travelers who made this trip. A few years later when the journey from
+New York to Washington was made in twelve hours, it was thought that
+almost a miracle had been performed.
+
+Mrs. Winfield Scott in 1855 characterized the National Capital as "an
+ill-contrived, ill-arranged, rambling, scrambling village"; and it was
+certainly all of that when I first saw it. It is not improbable that the
+cause of this condition of affairs was a general feeling of uncertainty
+as to whether Washington would remain the permanent seat of government,
+especially as the West was naturally clamoring for a more centrally
+located capital. When I first visited the city the ubiquitous
+real-estate agent had not yet materialized, and corner lots, now so much
+in demand, could be purchased at a small price. Taxation was moderate
+and Congress, then as now, held itself responsible for one-half of the
+taxes. As land was cheap there was no necessity for economy in its use,
+and spacious fronts were built regardless of back-buildings. In other
+cases, when one's funds were limited, the rear of the house was first
+built and later a more imposing front was added. The contrast between
+the houses of New York, built closely together in blocks, and those in
+Washington, with the abundant space around them, was a great surprise
+to me. Unlike many other cities, land in Washington, then, as now, was
+sold and taxed by the square foot.
+
+My elder sister Fanny had married Charles Eames, Esq., of the Washington
+Bar, and my visit was to her. Mr. Eames entered Harvard in 1827 when
+less than sixteen years of age, and was a classmate of Wendell Phillips
+and of John Lothrop Motley, the historian. The distinguished Professor
+of Harvard University, Andrew P. Peabody, LL.D., in referring to him
+many years after his death said that he was "the first scholar of his
+class, and was regarded as a man of unlimited power of acquisition, and
+of marked ability as a public speaker." After leaving Harvard he studied
+law, but ill health prevented him from practicing his profession. He
+accompanied to Washington George Bancroft, President Polk's Secretary of
+the Navy, by whom he was made principal correspondence clerk of the Navy
+Department. He remained there but a few months when he became associate
+editor of _The Washington Union_ under the well-known Thomas Ritchie,
+usually known as "Father Ritchie." He was subsequently appointed by Polk
+a commissioner to negotiate a treaty with the Hawaiian Islands, and took
+passage upon the U.S. Frigate _Savannah_ and sailed, by way of Cape
+Horn, for San Francisco. He unexpectedly found awaiting his arrival in
+that city Dr. Gerrit P. Judd, Prime Minister of the King, with two young
+Hawaiian princes. After the treaty was made, he returned east and for
+six months edited _The Nashville Union_, when he again assumed charge of
+_The Washington Union_. President Pierce subsequently appointed him
+Minister to Venezuela, where he remained until 1859, and then returned
+to Washington, where he practiced his profession for the remainder of
+his life. It was while arguing an important case before the Supreme
+Court that he was stricken, and he died on the 16th of March, 1867. He
+sustained a high reputation as an admiralty lawyer as well as for his
+knowledge of international jurisprudence. I have now before me a letter
+addressed to his widow by Wendell Phillips only three days after his
+death. It is one of the valued possessions of Mr. Eames's daughter, who
+is my niece and the wife of that genial Scotchman, Alexander Penrose
+Gordon-Cumming. It reads:
+
+
+     QUINCY, Illinois, March 19, 1867.
+
+     My dear friend,
+
+     I have just crossed from the other side of the Mississippi,
+     and am saddened by learning from the papers my old and dear
+     friend's death.
+
+     The associations that bind us together go back many, many
+     years. We were boys together in sunny months full of frolic,
+     plans and hopes. The merriment and the seriousness, the toil
+     and the ambition of those days all cluster round him as
+     memory brings him to me in the flush of his youth. I have
+     seen little of him of late years, as you know, but the roots
+     of our friendship needed no constant care; they were too
+     strong to die or wilt, and when we did meet it was always
+     with the old warmth and intimacy. I feel more alone in the
+     world now he has gone. One by one the boy's comrades pass
+     over the river and life loses with each some of its
+     interest.
+
+     I was hoping in coming years, as life grew less busy, to see
+     more of my old playmate, and this is a very unexpected blow.
+     Be sure I sympathize with you most tenderly, and could not
+     resist the impulse to tell you so. Little as we have met, I
+     owe to your kind and frank interest in me a sense of very
+     warm and close relation to you--feel as if I had known you
+     ever so many years. I hope our paths may lead us more
+     together so that I may learn to know you better and gather
+     some more distinct ideas of Eames' later years. All his
+     youth I have by heart.
+
+          With most affectionate regards believe me
+
+               Very faithfully yours,
+
+               WENDELL PHILLIPS.
+
+     Mrs. Eames.
+
+     I think women never fully realize the strange tenderness
+     with which men cling to college mates. No matter how much
+     opinions or residence separate grown-up men, to have been
+     classmates is a tie that like blood never loosens. Any man
+     that has a heart feels it thrill at the sight of one of
+     _those_ comrades. Later friendships may be close, never so
+     tender--this makes boys of us again at any moment.
+     Unfamiliar tears obey its touch, and a singular sense of
+     loneliness settles down on survivors--Good-bye.
+
+The young Hawaiian princes to whom I have just referred and who, by the
+way, were mere boys, accompanied Dr. Judd to New York where my younger
+brother, Malcolm, thinking he might make the acquaintance of some genial
+playmates, called to see them. Upon his return from his visit his only
+criticism was, "those dusky princes certainly give themselves airs."
+
+My sister, Mrs. Eames, lived in a house on G Street near Twenty-first
+Street in what was then known as the First Ward. This general section,
+together with a part of Indiana Avenue, some portions of Capitol Hill,
+Sixth and Seventh Streets, and all of that part of the city bounded on
+the north by K Street, on the south by Pennsylvania Avenue, and westward
+of Fourteenth Street to Georgetown, was at this time the fashionable
+section of the city. Like many other places in its formative period,
+Washington then presented the picture of fine dwelling houses and
+shanties standing side by side. I remember, for example, that as late as
+1870 a fine residence on the corner of I and Fifteenth Streets was
+located next to a small frame house occupied by a colored undertaker.
+The latter's business was prosperous, but his wealthy neighbor objected
+to the constant reminder of death caused by seeing from his fine bay
+window the numerous coffins carried in and out. He asked the undertaker
+to name his price for his property, but he declined, and all of his
+subsequent offers were ignored. Finally, after several years' patient
+waiting, during which offer after offer had been politely but positively
+rejected, the last one being an almost princely sum, the owner sold his
+home and moved away, leaving his humble neighbor in triumphant
+possession. This is simply a fair example of the conditions existing in
+Washington when I first knew it.
+
+Two rows of houses on Pennsylvania Avenue, known as the "Six and Seven
+Buildings," were fashionable dwellings. Admiral David D. Porter, then a
+Lieutenant in the Navy, occupied one of them. Miss Catharine L. Brooke
+kept a girls' school in another, while still another was the residence
+of William Lee of Massachusetts. I have been informed that while serving
+in a consular office abroad, under the appointment of President Monroe,
+Mr. Lee was commissioned by him to select a dinner set for the White
+House.
+
+Architects, if I remember correctly, were almost unknown in Washington
+at this time. When a person was sufficiently venturesome to build a
+house for himself, he selected a residence suited to his tastes and
+directed a builder to erect one like it. Speculative building was
+entirely unknown, and if any resident of the District had embarked upon
+such a venture he would have been regarded as the victim of a vivid but
+disordered fancy.
+
+Mrs. C. R. Latimer kept a fashionable boarding house in a large brick
+dwelling facing Lafayette Square where the Belasco Theater now stands.
+Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton Fish boarded with her while the former was a
+Representative in Congress, and Mr. and Mrs. Sanders Irving, so well and
+favorably known to all old Washingtonians, also made this house their
+home. Many years later it was the residence of William H. Seward, and he
+was living there when the memorable attempt was made in 1865 to
+assassinate him. As is well known, it subsequently became the home of
+James G. Blaine. When Hamilton Fish was elected to the Senate, he
+purchased a house on H Street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth
+Streets, which was afterwards known as the "Porter house." Previously
+it had been owned and occupied by General "Phil" Kearny.
+
+The shops of Washington in 1845 were not numerous, and were located
+chiefly upon Pennsylvania Avenue, Seventh Street then being a
+residential section. The most prominent dry-goods store was kept by
+Darius Clagett at the corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
+Mr. Clagett, invariably cordial and courteous, always stood behind his
+counter, and I have had many pleasant chats with him while making my
+purchases. Although he kept an excellent selection of goods, it was
+usually the custom for prominent Washington folk to make their larger
+purchases in Baltimore. A little later Walter Harper kept a dry-goods
+store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Eighth Street, and some years later
+two others appeared, one kept by William M. Shuster on Pennsylvania
+Avenue, first between Seventh and Eighth Streets, and later between
+Ninth and Tenth; and the other by Augustus and Thomas Perry on the
+corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. Charles Demonet, the
+confectioner, made his appearance a little later on Pennsylvania Avenue,
+between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets; but Charles Gautier, on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, was his
+successful rival and was regarded more favorably in aristocratic
+circles. Madame Marguerite M. Delarue kept a shop on the north side of
+the same avenue, also between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, where
+small articles of dress dear to the feminine heart could be bought.
+There were several large grocery stores on the south side of
+Pennsylvania Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. Benjamin L.
+Jackson and Brother were the proprietors of one and James L. Barbour and
+John A. Hamilton of another, although the two latter had their business
+house at an earlier day on Louisiana Avenue. Louis Vavans was the
+accomplished cook and caterer, and sent to their rooms the meals of
+many persons temporarily residing in Washington. Joseph Redfern, his
+son-in-law, kept a grocery store in the First Ward. Franck Taylor, the
+father of the late Rear Admiral Henry C. Taylor, U.S.N., was the
+proprietor of a book store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Four-and-a-Half
+Street, where many of the scholarly men of the day congregated to
+discuss literary and current topics. His store had a bust of Sir Walter
+Scott over its door, and he usually kept his front show-windows closed
+to prevent the light from fading the bindings of his books. The Center
+Market was located upon the same site as at present, but of course it
+has since been greatly enlarged and improved. All the stores on
+Louisiana Avenue sold at retail. I remember the grocery store of J.
+Harrison Semmes on Ninth Street and Louisiana Avenue, opposite the
+Center Market; and the hardware store kept by Joseph Savage on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, and at another
+time between Third and Fourth Streets.
+
+On Fifteenth Street opposite the Treasury was another well-known
+boarding house, conducted by Mrs. Ulrich and much patronized by members
+of the Diplomatic Corps. Willard's Hotel was just around the corner on
+the site of the New Willard, and its proprietor was Caleb Willard.
+Brown's Hotel, farther down town, on Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth
+Street, was a popular rendezvous for Congressional people. It was first
+called the Indian Queen, and was kept by that prince of hosts, Jesse
+Brown. After his death the name was changed to the Metropolitan.
+
+The National Hotel on the opposite corner was the largest hostelry in
+Washington. It boasted of a large Southern _cli�nt�le_, and until
+President Buchanan's administration enjoyed a very prosperous career.
+Subsequent to Buchanan's inauguration, however, a mysterious epidemic
+appeared among the guests of the house which the physicians of the
+District failed to satisfactorily diagnose. It became commonly known as
+the "National Hotel disease," and resulted in numerous deaths. A notice
+occasionally appeared in the current newspapers stating that the
+deceased had died from this malady. Mrs. Robert Greenhow, in her book
+published in London during the Civil War, entitled "My Imprisonment and
+the First Years of Abolition Rule at Washington," attributes the
+epidemic to the machinations of the Republicans, who were desirous of
+disposing of President Buchanan. John Gadsby was its proprietor at one
+time, from whom it usually went by the name of "Gadsby's." President
+Buchanan was one of its guests on the eve of his inauguration.
+
+When I first knew Washington, slavery was in full sway and, with but few
+exceptions, all servants were colored. The wages of a good cook were
+only six or seven dollars a month, but their proficiency in the culinary
+art was remarkable. I remember once hearing Count Adam Gurowski, who had
+traversed the European continent, remark that he had never anywhere
+tasted such cooking as in the South. The grace of manner of many of the
+elderly male slaves of that day would, indeed, have adorned a court.
+When William L. Marcy, who, although a master in statesmanship and
+diplomacy, was not especially gifted in external graces, was taking
+final leave of the clerks in the War Department, where as Secretary he
+had rendered such distinguished services under President Polk, he shook
+hands with an elderly colored employee named Datcher, who had formerly
+been a body servant to President Monroe, and said: "Good-bye, Datcher;
+if I had had your manners I should have left more friends behind me."
+Some years later, and after my marriage into the Gouverneur family, I
+had the good fortune to have passed down to me a venerable colored man
+who had served my husband's family for many years and whose name was
+"Uncle James." His manner at times was quite overpowering. On entering
+my drawing-room on one occasion to greet George Newell, brother-in-law
+and guest of ex-Governor Marcy, I found him seated upon a sofa and
+apparently engaged in a "brown study." Referring at once to "Uncle
+James," he inquired: "Who is that man?" Upon my replying, "An old family
+servant," he remarked: "Well, he is the most polite man I have ever
+met."
+
+Some years later my sister, Mrs. Eames, moved into a house on the corner
+of H and Fourteenth Streets, which she and her husband had built and
+which she occupied until her death in 1890. I naturally shrink from
+dwelling in detail upon her charm of manner and social career, and
+prefer rather to quote an extract from a sketch which appeared in one of
+the newspapers just after her death:
+
+     ... During the twenty-eight years of her married life in
+     Washington Mrs. Eames's house was one of the favorite
+     resorts of the most conspicuous and interesting men of the
+     nation; it was a species of neutral ground where men of all
+     parties and shades of political opinion found it agreeable
+     to foregather. Though at first in moderate circumstances and
+     living in a house which rented for less than $300 a year,
+     there was no house in Washington except, perhaps, the
+     President's, where one was sure of meeting any evening
+     throughout the year so many people of distinction.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. CHARLES EAMES, NE� CAMPBELL, BY GAMBADELLA.
+
+_Owned by Mrs. Gordon-Cumming._]
+
+     Mr. and Mrs. Marcy were devoted to Mrs. Eames; her _salon_
+     was almost the daily resort of Edward Everett, Rufus Choate,
+     Charles Sumner, Secretary [James] Guthrie, Governor [John
+     A.] Andrews of Massachusetts, Winter Davis, Caleb Cushing,
+     Senator Preston King, N.P. Banks, and representative men of
+     that ilk. Mr. [Samuel J.] Tilden when in Washington was
+     often their guest. The gentlemen, who were all on the most
+     familiar terms with the family, were in the habit of
+     bringing their less conspicuous friends from time to time,
+     thus making it quite the most attractive _salon_ that has
+     been seen in Washington since the death of Mrs. Madison, and
+     made such without any of the attractions of wealth or
+     luxury.
+
+     The relations thus established with the public men of the
+     country at her fireside were strengthened and enriched by a
+     voluminous correspondence. Her father, who was a very
+     accomplished man, had one of the largest and choicest
+     private libraries in New York, of which, from the time she
+     could read, Mrs. Eames had the freedom; in this library she
+     spent more time than anyone else, and more than anywhere
+     else, until her marriage. As a consequence, it is no
+     disparagement to any one else to say that during her
+     residence there she was intellectually quite the most
+     accomplished woman in Washington. Her epistolary talent was
+     famous in her generation.
+
+     Her correspondence if collected and published would prove to
+     have been not less voluminous than Mme. de Sevign�'s and, in
+     point of literary art, in no particular inferior to that of
+     the famous French woman.
+
+After three or four months spent in Washington, I returned to my home in
+New York; and several years later, in the spring of 1848, suffered one
+of the severest ordeals of my life. I refer to my father's death. No
+human being ever entered eternity more beloved or esteemed than he, and
+as I look back to my life with him I realize that I was possibly more
+blessed than I deserved to be permitted to live with such a well-nigh
+perfect character and to know him familiarly. From my earliest childhood
+I was accustomed to see the sorrowing and oppressed come to him for
+advice. He was especially qualified to perform such a function owing to
+his long tenure of the office of Surrogate. Widows and orphans who could
+not afford litigation always found in him a faithful friend. With a
+capacity of feeling for the wrongs of others as keenly as though
+inflicted upon himself, his sympathy invariably assumed a practical form
+and he accordingly left behind him hosts of sorrowing and grateful
+hearts. A short time before his death I visited a dying widow, a devoted
+Roman Catholic, whom from time to time my father had assisted. When I
+was about to leave, she said: "Say to your father I hope to meet him
+among the just made perfect." This remark of a poor woman has been to me
+through all these years a greater consolation than any public tribute or
+imposing eulogy. Finely chiseled monuments and fulsome epitaphs are not
+to be compared with the benediction of grateful hearts.
+
+The funeral services were conducted, according to the custom of sixty
+years ago, by the Rev. Dr. William Adams and the Rev. Dr. Philip
+Milledoler. Members of the bar and many prominent residents of New York,
+including his two physicians, Doctors John W. Francis and Campbell F.
+Stewart, walked behind the coffin, which, by the way, was not placed in
+a hearse but was carried to the Second Street Cemetery, where his
+remains were temporarily placed. There were six clergymen present at his
+funeral--the Rev. Doctors Thomas De Witt, Thomas E. Vermilye, Philip
+Milledoler, William Adams, John Knox and George H. Fisher, all ministers
+of the Reformed Dutch Church except the Rev. Dr. Adams, the
+distinguished Presbyterian divine.
+
+I find myself almost instinctively returning to the Scott family as
+associated with the most cherished memories of some of the happiest days
+of my life. During my childhood I formed a close intimacy with Cornelia
+Scott, the second daughter of the distinguished General, which continued
+until the close of her life. When I first knew the family it made its
+winter home in New York at the American Hotel, then a fashionable
+hostelry kept by William B. Cozzens, on the corner of Barclay Street and
+Broadway. In the summer the family resided at Hampton, the old Mayo
+place near Elizabeth in New Jersey, where they kept open house. Colonel
+John Mayo of Richmond, whose daughter Maria was the wife of General
+Scott, had purchased this country seat many years before as a favor to
+his wife, Miss Abigail De Hart of New Jersey, and Mrs. Scott
+subsequently inherited it. Colonel John Mayo, who was a citizen of
+large wealth and great prominence, was so public-spirited that not long
+subsequent to the Revolutionary War, and entirely at his own expense, he
+built from his own plans a bridge across the James River at Richmond. I
+have heard Mrs. Scott graphically describe her father's trips from
+Richmond to Elizabeth in his coach-of-four with outriders and grooms,
+and his enthusiastic reception when he reached his destination.
+
+I have frequently heard it said that Mrs. Scott as a young woman refused
+the early offers of marriage from the man who eventually became her
+husband because his rank in the army was too low to suit her taste, but
+that she finally relented when he became a General. I am able to
+contradict this statement as Mrs. Scott told me with her own lips that
+she never made his acquaintance until he was a General, in spite of the
+fact that they were both natives of the same State. This did not by any
+means, however, indicate a marriage late in life, as General Scott
+became a Brigadier General on the 9th of March, 1814, when he was
+between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. In the _Sentinel_,
+published in Newark, New Jersey, on the 25th of March, 1817, the
+following marriage notice appears:
+
+     Married--at Belleville, Virginia, at the seat of Col. Mayo,
+     General Winfield Scott of the U.S. Army to Miss Maria D.
+     Mayo.
+
+Mrs. Scott's record as a belle was truly remarkable, and in the latter
+years of her life when I knew her very intimately she still retained
+traces of great beauty. Her accomplishments, too, were extraordinary for
+that period. She was not only a skilled performer upon the piano and
+harp, but also a linguist of considerable proficiency, while her grace
+of manner and brilliant powers of repartee added greatly to her social
+charms. On one occasion during Polk's administration she attended a
+levee at the White House, and as she passed down the line with the other
+guests she received an enthusiastic welcome and was soon so completely
+surrounded by an admiring throng that for a while Mrs. Polk was left
+very much to herself. It was Mrs. Scott who wrote in the album of a
+friend the verse entitled, "The Two Faults of Men." Two other verses
+were written under it several years later by the Hon. William C.
+Somerville of Maryland, at one time our Minister to Sweden, and the
+author of "Letters from Paris on the Causes and Consequences of the
+French Revolution."
+
+    Women have many faults,
+      The men have only two;
+    There's nothing right they say,
+      And nothing right they do.
+
+    _Reply_
+
+    That men are naughty rogues we know,
+      The girls are roguish, too.
+    They watch each other wondrous well
+      In everything they do.
+
+    But if we men do nothing right,
+      And never say what's true,
+    What precious fools you women are
+      To love us as you do.
+
+Many years ago General and Mrs. Scott traveled with their youthful
+family through Europe, and while at the French Capital Mrs. Scott
+attended a fancy-dress ball where she represented Pocahontas and was
+called _La belle sauvage_. I have talked to two elderly officers of our
+Army, Colonel John M. Fessenden and General John B. Magruder, the latter
+subsequently of Confederate fame, and both of them told me that at this
+entertainment she was an object of general admiration. Many years later,
+long after Mrs. Scott's death, I was visiting her daughter, Mrs. Henry
+L. Scott, for the last time at the old Elizabeth home, accompanied by my
+young daughter Maud, when the latter was invited to a fancy-dress ball
+given to children at the residence of General George Herbert Pegram. At
+first I was at my wits' end to devise a suitable gown for her to wear,
+when Mrs. Scott brought out the historic fancy dress worn by her mother
+so many years before in Paris and gave it to me. It seems almost
+needless to add that the child wore the dress, and that I have it now
+carefully put away among my treasured possessions. Many years subsequent
+to Mrs. Scott's visit to Paris, her sister, Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell of
+Richmond, published for the benefit of a charity her letters written
+from abroad to her family in Virginia, containing many interesting
+recollections of Paris.
+
+At the beginning of the Mexican War the Scotts were living in New York
+but, for a reason I do not now recall, Mrs. Scott decided to spend a
+winter during the General's absence in Philadelphia. She secured a
+portion of a furnished house at 111 South Sixth Street, and in the
+spring of 1847 I was invited to be her guest. The evening of the day of
+my arrival I attended a party at the residence of Judge John Meredith
+Read, a descendant of George Read, a Signer from Delaware. Upon the
+urgent request of Mrs. Scott I went to this entertainment entirely
+alone, as she and her daughter Cornelia were indisposed and she wished
+her household to be represented. Judge Read was a widower and some years
+later I renewed my acquaintance with him in Washington. During my visit
+in Philadelphia, Mrs. Scott was suddenly called away and hesitated about
+leaving us two young girls in the house alone, her younger daughters
+being absent at school. Finally, she made arrangements for us to spend
+the days of her absence in Burlington, New Jersey, with Miss Susan
+Wallace, a friend of hers and a niece of the Hon. William Bradford,
+Attorney-General during a portion of Washington's last administration.
+This, however, was not altogether a satisfactory arrangement for us
+young people and we became decidedly restless, but to Burlington we went
+just the same. Meanwhile, news came from Mexico of a great American
+victory and the public went wild with enthusiasm. Philadelphia made
+plans to celebrate the glad event on a certain evening, and Cornelia
+Scott and I decided to return to Philadelphia for the festivities. We
+carefully planned the trip and took as our protector a faithful colored
+man named Lee. Arabella Griffith, an adopted daughter of Miss Wallace,
+also accompanied us, and as another companion we took Mrs. Scott's pet
+dog _Gee_ whom, before the evening was over, we found to be very
+troublesome. We made the trip to Philadelphia by water and landed in an
+out-of-the-way portion of the city. Owing to the dense crowds assembled
+to view the decorations, illuminations and fireworks, we were unable to
+procure a carriage and consequently were obliged to walk, while, to cap
+the climax, in pushing through the crowd we lost Miss Griffith. General
+Scott's name was upon the lips of everyone, and his pictures were seen
+hanging from many windows; yet the daughter of the hero who was the
+cause of all the enthusiasm was a simple wayfarer, rubbing elbows with
+the multitude, unrecognized and entirely ignored. I may state, by the
+way, that Arabella Griffith subsequently became the wife of General
+Francis C. Barlow and that, while her husband was fighting the battles
+of his country during the Civil War, she did noble service in the Union
+hospitals as a member of the United States Sanitary Commission, and died
+in the summer of 1864 from a fever contracted in the hospitals of the
+Army of the Potomac.
+
+I remained in Philadelphia much longer than I had originally
+anticipated, and unexpected warm weather found me totally unprepared. I
+immediately wrote to my sister Margaret and asked her to send me some
+suitable apparel. Her letter in reply to mine, which I insert, gives
+something of an idea of New York society of that period. As she was
+quite a young girl her references to Miss Julia Gerard whom she knew
+quite well and "Old Leslie Irving," who, by the way, was only a young
+man, must be regarded merely as the silly utterances of extreme youth:--
+
+     Dear Sister,
+
+     I received your letter and as it requires an immediate
+     answer, I shall commence writing you one. I believe in my
+     last I mentioned to you that I was going to Virginia Wood's
+     [Mrs. John L. Rogers] the following evening. I went with
+     [William B.] Clerke [a young broker] and had quite a
+     pleasant time. There were two young ladies there from
+     Virginia whose names I do not know, Dr. Augustine Smith's
+     daughter, myself, Mr. Galliher, Mr. Rainsford, Mr. Bannister
+     and Mr. Pendleton [John Pendleton of Fredericksburg,
+     Virginia]. I was introduced to the latter and liked him
+     quite well. I had a long talk with him. His manners are
+     entirely too coquettish to suit me; he does nothing but
+     shrug his shoulders and roll up his eyes--perhaps it is a
+     Virginia custom. He seems to think Miss Gerard [Julia,
+     daughter of James W. Gerard] his _belle_ ideal or _beau_
+     ideal of everything lovely, etc. I told him that I thought
+     her awful, that she had such an inanimate sickly expression,
+     and I abused her at a great rate! I expect he thinks I am a
+     regular devil!
+
+     Tonight I am going to the opera. "Lucretia Borgia" is to be
+     performed. I have learned a song from Lucia. So you can
+     imagine how much the rooster has improved!
+
+     On Thursday evening I was at the Moore's [Dr. William
+     Moore]. Frank Bucknor came for me and brought me home. His
+     sister [Cornelia Bucknor, subsequently the wife of Professor
+     John Howard Van Amringe of Columbia College] was there, Beek
+     Fish [Beekman Fish], Bayard Fish, Dr. [Adolphus] Follin, old
+     Leslie Irving and Frank Van Rensselaer. Miss Moore told me
+     that May came for us that evening to go to the Academy. I am
+     dreadfully sorry that you will not be able to go to the
+     Kemble [Mrs. William Kemble] ball; they are going to have
+     it on Monday. I dare say it will be very pleasant and old
+     Chrystie will be there. Emily B. [Emily Bucknor] and Frank
+     [Bucknor] are going.
+
+     My hat has come home, and it is very pretty; it is a sherred
+     blue crape, without any ribbon--trimmed very simply with
+     blue crape and illusion mixed and the same inside.
+
+     Mrs. William Le Roy has been to see you. Ma thinks that you
+     had better come home when you first expected--on Tuesday or
+     Wednesday. I am very much disappointed that you are not here
+     to go to the Kembles as you have a dress to wear.
+
+     You can tell Adeline [Adeline Camilla Scott], if you please,
+     that Mr. Pendleton wants to know the use of sending her to
+     school when her head is filled with beaux and parties. I
+     told him her mother did it to keep her out of mischief.
+     Bucknor says he thinks it is time for you to come home. If
+     you stay much longer my spring fever will come on and I
+     shall get so many things there will be no money left for
+     you. Besides Mr. Pendleton is going to the Bucknor's some
+     day next week and I am going to get him to stop for me, and
+     if you are home I shall invite you to go along. Beek Fish
+     will be there the same evening with his flute. He told Emily
+     B. that his sister [Mrs. Thomas Pym Remington of
+     Philadelphia] had written them that you had been in
+     Philadelphia and that she was so delighted to see you.
+
+     Leslie Irving told me that he had seen a letter in the
+     Commercial Advertiser from Thomas Turner [subsequently Rear
+     Admiral Turner, U.S.N.] to Hamilton Fish. He thought of
+     sending it to you, but he thought some one else had probably
+     done so. I hear that they [the Fishes] are to have a party.
+     The Bankheads [General James Bankhead's daughters] are going
+     to spend the summer at West Point. Pa and Jim are better. Pa
+     rode out yesterday and walked out to-day. He has been in a
+     great state of excitement about General Scott. It was
+     reported two days ago that he was killed and he was afraid
+     it was true. Vera Cruz, I believe, is taken. I cannot write
+     any longer, I'm so tired. I will send Cornelia's [Cornelia
+     Scott] purse by H. Forbes [Harriet Forbes, Mrs. Colhoun of
+     Philadelphia].
+
+          M. CAMPBELL.
+
+     Saturday April 10th.
+
+     Pa thinks it is time for you to come home. Do you know of
+     any opportunity? I shall not send anything to you. You see
+     you never will take my advice in anything. I told you to
+     bring your pink dress with you but you would not. I suppose
+     I shall not hear from you again. Pa says you can do as you
+     please about staying longer.
+
+Elizabeth, New Jersey, was a quaint old town whose inhabitants seemed
+almost exclusively made up of Barbers, Ogdens and Chetwoods, with a
+sprinkling of De Harts. There was a steamboat plying between
+Elizabethport (now a part of the City of Elizabeth) and New York, and we
+were its frequent patrons. Ursino, the country seat of the Kean family,
+then as now was one of the historic places of the neighborhood. As I
+remember the beautiful old home, it was occupied by John Kean, father of
+the late senior U.S. Senator from New Jersey. At an earlier period the
+latter's great-grandfather had married Susan Livingston, a daughter of
+Peter Van Brough Livingston of New York, and resided at Ursino. After
+the death of her husband she married Count Julian Niemcewicz, who was
+called the "Shakespeare of Poland" and who came to America with
+Kosciusco, upon whose staff he had served. She was also the grandmother
+of Mrs. Hamilton Fish. Another noted estate in the same general
+neighborhood, was "Abyssinia," owned and occupied for a long period by
+the Ricketts family, whose walls were highly decorated by one of its
+artistic members. I am informed that it still stands but that it is
+used, alas, for mechanical purposes!
+
+I recall with intense pleasure another of my visits to New Jersey when I
+was a guest at the home of General and Mrs. Scott in Elizabeth. Isabella
+Cass of Detroit, daughter of General Lewis Cass, was also there at the
+same time. She attended school in Paris while her father was Minister to
+France and received other educational advantages quite unusual for women
+at that time. While residing in Washington at a subsequent period she
+was regarded as one of the reigning belles. She married a member of the
+Diplomatic Corps from the Netherlands and lived and died abroad. A
+constant visitor of the Scott family whom I recall with great pleasure
+was Thomas Turner, subsequently an Admiral in our Navy. He was a
+Virginian by birth and a near relative of General Robert E. Lee; but,
+though possessing the blood of the Carters, he remained during the Civil
+War loyal to the national flag. His wife was Frances Hailes Palmer of
+"Abyssinia."
+
+Still another guest of the Scotts in Elizabeth was the erratic but
+decidedly brilliant Doctor William Starbuck Mayo. Although Mrs. Scott
+was a Mayo, they were not related. He was from the northern part of the
+State of New York, while Mrs. Scott, as is well known, was from
+Virginia. Doctor Mayo, however, was an ardent admirer of Mrs. Scott and
+made the fact apparent in much that he said and did. He was the author
+of several works, one of which was a romance entitled "Kaloolah," which
+he dedicated to Mrs. Scott. When I met him in Washington he was on his
+first bridal tour, although pretty well advanced in years. His bride was
+Mrs. Henry Dudley of New York, whose maiden name was Helen Stuyvesant.
+She was the daughter of Nicholas William Stuyvesant and one of the heirs
+of the large estate of Peter G. Stuyvesant. During Van Buren's
+administration, Doctor Mayo was a social light in Washington.
+
+There was another Dr. Mayo--Robert Mayo of Richmond--who, in some
+respects, created a temporary commotion in public life in Washington and
+elsewhere. He was a Virginian by birth, and at one time figured
+prominently as a politician. He engaged in the presidential campaign of
+1828 as an ardent partisan of General Jackson and during that period
+edited in Richmond the _Jackson Democrat_. He subsequently, however,
+parted company with his presidential idol, and in 1839 published a
+volume entitled, "Political Sketches of Eight Years in Washington,"
+which is almost exclusively devoted to an arraignment of General
+Jackson's administration. In an original letter now before me, written
+by Martin Van Buren to Governor William C. Bouck, of New York, which has
+never before appeared in print, he speaks in an amusing manner of Dr.
+Mayo. I insert the whole letter, as his allusions to General Jackson are
+of exceptional interest. No one can well deny that the parting
+admonition of Polonius to his son Laertes is a masterpiece of human
+wisdom, but this letter of the "Sage of Lindenwald" to Governor Bouck
+reveals ability by no means inferior to that of this wise councilor of
+Denmark.
+
+     [EX-PRESIDENT VAN BUREN TO GOV. WILLIAM C. BOUCK OF N.Y.]
+
+     Confidential.
+
+     Lindenwald,
+     Jan^y. 17th 1843.
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     I embrace the occasion of a short visit of my son Major Van
+     Buren to Albany before he goes South to drop you a few
+     lines. Although I have not admitted it in my conversations
+     with those who are given to croaking, and thus alarm our
+     friends, I have nevertheless witnessed with the keenest
+     regret the distractions among our friends at Albany; & more
+     particularly in relation to the state printing. It is
+     certainly a lamentable winding up of a great contest
+     admirably conducted &, as we supposed, gloriously
+     terminated. Without undertaking to decide who is right or
+     who is wrong, and much less to take any part in the
+     unfortunate controversy, I cannot but experience great pain
+     from the eying of so bitter a controversy in the face of the
+     enemy among those who once acted together so honorably & so
+     usefully, and for all of whom I have so much reason to
+     cherish feelings of respect & regard. Permit me to make one
+     suggestion, & that relates to the importance of a speedy
+     decision, one way or the other. Nothing is so injurious in
+     such cases as delay. It is almost better to decide wrong
+     than to protract the contest. Every day makes new enemies &
+     increases the animosities of those who have already become
+     so, & extends them to other subjects; and yet nothing is so
+     natural as to desire to put off the decision of
+     controversies among friends. Most happy would I be to find
+     that you had been able to mitigate, if not altogether to
+     obviate, existing difficulties by providing places for one
+     or more of the competitors in other branches of the public
+     service to which they are adapted & with which they would be
+     as well satisfied.
+
+     It has afforded me unfeigned satisfaction to learn, as I do
+     from all quarters, that you keep your own secrets in regard
+     to appointments, & don't feed every body with promises or
+     what they construe into promises--a practice which so many
+     public men are apt to fall into, & by which they make
+     themselves more trouble & subject themselves to more
+     discredit than they dream of. Persevere in that course,
+     consider carefully every case & make the selection which
+     your own unbiassed judgment designates as the best, & above
+     all let the people see as clear as day that you do not yield
+     yourself to, or make battle against, any cliques or sections
+     of the party, but act in good faith and to the best of your
+     ability for the good of the whole, and you may be assured
+     that the personal discontents which you would to some extent
+     occasion, if you had the wisdom of Solomon & were pure as an
+     angel, will do you no harm & be exceedingly evanescent in
+     their duration. The Democratic is a reasonable & a just
+     party & more than half of the business is done when they are
+     satisfied that the man they have elected means to do right.
+     The difficulty with a new administration is in the
+     beginning. At the start little matters may create a distrust
+     which it will take a series of good acts to remove. But once
+     a favourable impression is made & the people become
+     satisfied that the right thing is intended, it takes great
+     errors, often repeated, to create a counter current. Will
+     you excuse me if, from a sincere desire for your success, I
+     go farther & touch upon matters not political, or at least
+     not wholly so? Your situation of course excites envy &
+     jealousy on the part of some. It is impossible from the
+     character of man that it should be otherwise, bear yourself
+     ever so meekly & you cannot avoid it. There will therefore
+     in Albany, as well as elsewhere, be people who will make ill
+     natured remarks & there will be still more who will make it
+     their business, in the hope of benefitting themselves, to
+     bring you exaggerated accounts of what is said, and if they
+     lack materials they will tell you, if they find that you
+     like to listen to small things, a great deal that never has
+     been said. It is my deliberate opinion that these
+     mischievous gossips cause public men more vexation, yes, ten
+     fold, than all the cares & anxieties of office taken
+     together. I have seen perhaps as much of this as any man of
+     my age, & claim to be a competent judge of the evil & its
+     remedies. The greatest fault I ever saw in our excellent
+     friend Gen^l. Jackson, was the facility with which (in
+     carrying out his general principle that it was the duty of
+     the President to hear all) he leant his ear, though not his
+     confidence, to such people. Though very sagacious & very apt
+     to put the right construction upon all such revelations, it
+     was still evident that he was every day more or less annoyed
+     by them. I endeavored to satisfy him of the expediency of
+     shutting their mouths, but did not succeed, & I am as sure
+     as I can be of any such thing that if the truth could be
+     known it would appear that he had experienced more annoyance
+     from such sources than from all the severe trials through
+     which he had to pass & did pass with such unfading glory.
+     Having his case before me, I determined to profit by the
+     experience I had acquired in so good a school. I had no
+     sooner taken possession of the White House than I was beset
+     by these harpies. The way in which I treated the whole crew,
+     with variations of course according to circumstances, will
+     appear from the following dialogue in a single case. The
+     celebrated Dr. Mayo called upon me & in his stuttering &
+     mysterious way commenced by asking when he could have a few
+     minutes very private conversation with me. Knowing the man,
+     I anticipated his business & told him now, I will hear you
+     now. He then told me he had discovered a conspiracy to
+     destroy me politically the particulars of which he felt it
+     to be his duty to lay before [me]. I replied instantly, &
+     somewhat sternly, Dr., I do not wish to hear them. I have
+     irrefragable proof, he replied. I don't care, was the
+     response. It is in writing, Sir, said he. I won't look at
+     it, Sir. What, said he, don't you want to see it if it is in
+     writing & genuine? An emphatic No, Sir, closed the
+     conversation. The Dr. raised his eyes and hands as if he
+     thought me demented, & making a low bow & ejaculating a long
+     Hah-hah retreated for the door. The story about the Dr. got
+     out and, partly by mine & I believe in part also by his
+     means, & alarmed all the story tellers who heard of it. A
+     few repetitions of the same dose to others impressed the
+     whole crew with a conviction that nothing was to be gained
+     by bringing such reports to me. The consequence was that
+     although Washington is perhaps the most gossiping place in
+     the world, I escaped its contamination altogether, and had
+     no trouble except such as unavoidably grew out of my public
+     duties; and although I had perhaps a more vexatious time
+     than any of my predecessors in that respect I was the only
+     man, they all say, who grew fat in that office.
+
+     I was happy to learn from my son John by a letter received
+     yesterday the high opinion he entertains of your discreet &
+     honorable bearing in the midst of the difficulties by which
+     you are beset. I hope he & Smith, [another son of Martin Van
+     Buren], exercise the discretion by which their course has
+     heretofore been governed, in meddling as little with things
+     political that do not belong to them as possible. They know
+     that such is my wish, as any contest there must necessarily
+     be more or less between my friends; and I shall be obliged
+     to you to give them from time to time such advice upon the
+     subject as you may think proper. Be assured that they will
+     take it in good part. You may, if you please, at your
+     convenience, return me the suggestions I sent you, as I may
+     have occasion to weave some parts of them into letters that
+     I am frequently obliged to write; the rough draft was made
+     with a pencil & is now illegible. Be assured that your not
+     using them occasioned me no mortification, as I before told
+     you it would not. You had a nearer & could take a safer view
+     of things than myself. Don't trouble yourself to answer this
+     letter as it requires none; only excuse me for writing you
+     one so unmercifully long.
+
+     Remember me kindly to Mrs. Bouck, & believe me to be
+
+          Very sincerely your friend,
+
+               M. VAN BUREN.
+
+     His Excellency,
+     Wm. C. Bouck.
+
+In 1850 General and Mrs. Scott moved to Washington and Hampton was
+closed for many years. They lived in one of the houses built by Count De
+Menou, French Minister to this country from 1822 to 1824, on H Street,
+between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, on the present site of the
+Epiphany Parish House. These residences were commonly called the "chain
+buildings," owing to the fact that their fences were made almost
+entirely of iron chains. Two of them, thrown into one, were occupied by
+the Scotts and were owned by my father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+senior. In the third, the property of Mrs. Beverly Kennon, lived the
+venerable Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and her only daughter, Mrs. Hamilton
+Holly.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+SOCIAL LEADERS IN WASHINGTON LIFE
+
+
+I passed many delightful hours in the Washington home of General Scott
+and had a standing invitation to come and go as I pleased. Upon his
+return from the war with Mexico, crowned with the laurels of victory, he
+immediately became one of the most prominent lions of the day. He had
+successfully invaded a practically unknown country reeking with the
+terrible _vomito_, a disease upon which the Mexicans relied to kill
+their foes more expeditiously than ammunition, and had well earned for
+himself the plaudits of a grateful country. I distinctly remember that
+he received flattering letters from the Duke of Wellington and other
+distinguished foreigners congratulating him upon his military success.
+His headquarters were now established in Washington, and his house
+became one of the most prominent social centers of the National Capital.
+About this time Mrs. Scott was much in New York, where her third
+daughter, Marcella, subsequently Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish, was
+attending school, and consequently her daughter Cornelia, who not long
+before had married her father's aide, Henry Lee Scott of North Carolina,
+was virtually mistress of the establishment. Mrs. Henry Lee Scott's
+social sway in Washington was almost unprecedented. She was as grand in
+appearance as she was in character, and during one of her visits to Rome
+she sat for a distinguished artist as a model for his pictures of the
+Madonna. General Scott seemed to derive much pleasure and satisfaction
+from the society of his former companions in arms, who were always
+welcomed to his hospitable board. Among those I especially recall were
+Colonels John Abert, Roger Jones, William Turnbull and Ichabod B. Crane,
+whose son, Dr. Charles H. Crane, later became Surgeon General of the
+Army. These occasions were especially delightful to me as a young woman,
+and I always regarded it as an exceptional privilege to be present.
+
+The Whig party meanwhile nominated General Scott for the presidency. The
+opposing candidate was Franklin Pierce. One day during the campaign
+Scott, in replying to a note addressed to him by William L. Marcy,
+Secretary of War in Polk's cabinet, began his note: "After a hasty plate
+of soup"--supposing that his note would be regarded as personal. Marcy,
+who was a keen political foe, was too astute a politician, however, not
+to take advantage of the chance to make Scott appear ridiculous. He
+classified the note as official, and the whole country soon resounded
+with it. I saw General Scott when he returned from his Mexican campaign,
+covered with glory, to confront his political enemies at home, and I was
+also with him in 1852 when the announcement arrived that he had been
+defeated as a presidential candidate. Were I called upon to decide in
+which character he appeared to the greater advantage, that of the victor
+or the vanquished, I should unhesitatingly give my verdict to the
+latter. There was a grandeur in his bearing under the adverse
+circumstances with which the success and glamour of arms could not
+compare.
+
+The Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, the beloved rector of St. John's Episcopal
+Church, often mingled with the distinguished guests gathered at the
+residence of General Scott. He was full of life and fun and good cheer
+and would even dare, when occasion offered, to aim his jokes and puns at
+General Scott himself. At one of the General's dinners, for example,
+while the soup was being served, he addressed him as "Marshal
+_Turenne_." It is said that upon one occasion, when the good rector
+failed by polite efforts to dismiss a book-agent, he was regretfully
+compelled to order him from his house. "Your cloth protects you," said
+the offended agent. "The cloth protects _you_," replied Dr. Pyne, "and
+it will not protect you long if you do not leave this instant." In spite
+of this incident, it was well known that the Doctor had a tender and
+sympathetic nature. After he had officiated at the funerals of his
+parishioners it is said that his wife was frequently compelled to exert
+all her efforts to arouse him from his depression. About this same
+period, Ole Bull, the great Norwegian violinist who was second only to
+Paganini, was receiving an enthusiastic reception from audiences
+"panting for the music which is divine." Upon this particular evening
+Dr. Pyne sat next to me, when he suddenly exclaimed: "If honorary
+degrees were conferred upon musicians, Ole Bull would be Fiddle D.D." At
+another time, when Dr. Edward Maynard, a well-known Washington dentist,
+was remodeling his residence on Pennsylvania Avenue, now a portion of
+the Columbia Hospital, Dr. Pyne was asked to what order of architecture
+it belonged and replied: "_Tusk-can_, I suppose,"--a pretty poor pun,
+but no worse, perhaps, than most of those one hears nowadays. The Rev.
+Dr. Pyne performed the marriage ceremony, at the "chain buildings," of
+General Scott's second daughter, Adeline Camilla, and Goold Hoyt of New
+York. It was a quiet wedding and only the members of the family were
+present. I remember the bride as one of the most beautiful women I have
+ever known; her face reminded me of a Roman cameo.
+
+General Scott was something of an epicure. I have seen him sit down to a
+meal where jowl was the principal dish, and have heard his exclamation
+of appreciation caused in part, possibly, by his recollection of similar
+fare in other days in Virginia. He did the family marketing personally,
+and was very discriminating in his selection of food. Terrapin, which
+he insisted upon pronouncing t_a_rrapin, was his favorite dish, and he
+would order oysters by the barrel from Norfolk. On one occasion he
+attended a banquet where all the States of the Union were represented by
+a dish in some way characteristic of each commonwealth. Pennsylvania was
+represented by a bowl of sauer-kraut; and in speaking of the fact the
+next morning the General remarked: "I partook of it with tears in my
+eyes."
+
+New Year's day in Washington was a festive occasion, especially in the
+home where I was a guest. General and Mrs. Scott kept open house and of
+course most of the Army officers stationed in Washington, and some from
+the Navy, called to pay their respects. All appeared in full-dress
+uniform, and a bountiful collation was served. I was present at several
+of these receptions and recall that after the festivities of the day
+were nearly over General Scott, who of course had paid his respects to
+the President earlier in the day, always called upon two venerable
+women--Mrs. "Dolly" Madison, who then lived in the house now occupied by
+the Cosmos Club, and Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, his next door neighbor.
+During the winter of 1850, which I spent with the Scotts, I participated
+with them in the various social enjoyments of the season.
+
+Early in the month of January, 1851, and not long after the
+re-assembling of Congress, that genial gentleman, William W. Corcoran,
+gave his annual ball to both Houses of Congress, and it was in many ways
+a notable entertainment. As this was long previous to the erection of
+his public art gallery, his house was filled with many paintings and
+pieces of statuary. Powers's "Greek slave," which now occupies a
+conspicuous place in the Corcoran Art Gallery, stood in the
+drawing-room. General Scott did not care especially for large evening
+entertainments, but he always attended those of Mr. Corcoran. In this
+instance I was the only member of the household who accompanied him,
+and the ovation that awaited his arrival was enthusiastic; and as I
+entered the ballroom with him I received my full share of attention.
+Among the prominent guests was General "Sam" Houston, arrayed in his
+blue coat, brass buttons and ruffled shirt. His appearance was patrician
+and his courtesy that of the inborn gentleman. I once laughingly
+remarked to General Scott that General Houston in some ways always
+recalled to me the personal appearance of General Washington. His
+facetious rejoinder was: "Was ever the Father of his Country so
+defamed?" I met at this entertainment for the first time Charles Sumner,
+who had but recently taken his seat in the U.S. Senate and of whom I
+shall speak hereafter. Caleb Cushing was also there, and Cornelia Marcy,
+the beautiful daughter of William L. Marcy, was one of the belles of the
+ball. I have stated that General Scott did not generally attend evening
+entertainments; in his own way, however, he took great interest in all
+social events, and upon my return from parties, sometimes at a very late
+hour, I have often found him awaiting my account of what had transpired.
+
+I have spoken of General Houston's appearance. I now wish to refer to
+his fine sense of honor. He was married on the 22d of January, 1829, to
+Miss Eliza Allen, daughter of Colonel John Allen, from near Gallatin,
+the county town of Sumner county in Tennessee, and separated from her
+directly after the marriage ceremony under, as is said, the most painful
+circumstances. The wedding guests had departed and General Houston and
+his bride were sitting alone by the fire, when he suddenly discovered
+that she was weeping. He asked the cause of her tears and was told by
+her that she had never loved him and never could, but had married him
+solely to please her father. "I love Doctor Douglas," she added, "but I
+will try my best and be a dutiful wife to you." "Miss," said Governor
+Houston, even waiving the fact that he had just married her, "no white
+woman shall be my slave; good-night." It is said that he mounted his
+horse and rode to Nashville where he resigned at once his office as
+Governor and departed for the Cherokee country, where and elsewhere his
+subsequent career is well known. Having procured a divorce from his
+wife, he married Margaret Moffette in the spring of 1840.
+
+During the same winter I attended a party given by Mrs. Clement C. Hill,
+as a "house-warming," at her residence on H Street. Many years later
+George Bancroft, the historian, occupied this residence and it is still
+called the "Bancroft house." Mr. Hill was a member of a prominent
+Maryland family which owned large estates in Prince George County, and
+his wife was recognized as one of the social leaders in Washington.
+
+Another ball which I recall, which I attended in company with the
+Scotts, was given by Colonel and Mrs. William G. Freeman at their
+residence on F Street, near Thirteenth Street, the former of whom was at
+one time Chief of Staff to General Scott. I well remember that General
+Scott accompanied his daughter and me and that he wore at the time the
+full-dress uniform of his high rank. As he measured six feet four in his
+stocking-feet, the imposing nature of his appearance cannot well be
+described. Mrs. Freeman, whose maiden name was Margaret Coleman, was one
+of the joint owners of the Cornwall coal mines in Pennsylvania. Her
+sister, Miss Sarah Coleman, shared her house for many years, and old
+Washingtonians remember her as the "Lady Bountiful" whose whole life was
+devoted to good works. Colonel and Mrs. Freeman's two daughters, Miss
+Isabel Freeman and Mrs. Benjamin F. Buckingham, still reside in
+Washington.
+
+The first guest whom I recall at this ball was the sprightly Mary Louisa
+Adams. She made her home with her grandfather, John Quincy Adams, who
+lived in one of the two white houses on F Street, between Thirteenth
+and Fourteenth Streets, now called the "Adams house." She was the
+venerable ex-President's principal heir, and subsequently married her
+relative, William Clarkson Johnson of Utica. George B. McClellan was
+also a guest at this entertainment as one of the young beaux. His
+presence made an indelible impression upon my memory as I was dancing a
+cotillion with him when, to my nervous horror, the pictures in the
+ballroom began to spin and I made myself conspicuous by nearly fainting.
+I did not, however, lose consciousness like the heroines of the old
+tragedies, and was conducted to a retired seat where, at the request of
+General Scott, I was attended by Dr. Richard Henry Coolidge, Surgeon in
+the Army, who was also a guest. General Scott's admiration for this
+distinguished gentleman, personally as well as professionally, was very
+great. I have often heard the General say that Dr. Coolidge not only
+prescribed for the physical condition of his patients but also by the
+example of his Christian character elevated their moral tone. He
+concluded his eulogy with the words: "Dr. Coolidge walks humbly before
+his God." His widow, Mrs. Harriet Morris Coolidge, daughter of Commodore
+Charles Morris, U.S.N., one of the distinguished heroes of the War of
+1812, is still living in Washington. I occasionally see her in her
+pleasant home on L Street where she welcomes a large circle of friends,
+giving one amid her pleasant surroundings a pleasing picture of a serene
+old age.
+
+During my many visits to the Scott household after the Mexican War, I
+always occupied a comfortable brass camp bedstead which had formerly
+belonged to the Mexican General, Santa Anna. It seems that just after
+the battle of Cerro Gordo this warrior made a hasty flight, leaving
+behind him his camp furniture and even, it is said, his wooden leg. This
+bedstead was captured as a trophy of war, and finally came into General
+Scott's possession. The memory of this man's brutal deeds, however,
+never disturbed my midnight repose. Texas history tells the story of the
+Alamo and of the six brave men there put to death by his orders,
+suggesting in a certain degree the atrocities of the Duke of Cumberland
+of which I have already spoken. Santa Anna, however, had Indian blood in
+his veins--an extenuating circumstance that cannot be offered in defense
+of the "Butcher of Culloden."
+
+There was always more or less gossip afloat concerning the alleged
+strained relations existing between General and Mrs. Scott, owing
+largely to the fact that the conditions attending and surrounding their
+respective lives were fundamentally different and often misunderstood.
+General Scott was a born commander while _Madame la G�n�ral_ from her
+earliest life had had the world at her feet. Such a combination
+naturally resulted in an occasional discordant note, which unfortunately
+was usually sounded in public. Their private life, however, was serene,
+and they were invariably loyal to each other's interests. When Mrs.
+Scott, for example, learned that James Lyon of Richmond, an intimate
+friend of the General and herself and a trustee for certain of her
+property, had, although a Whig, voted against her husband when a
+presidential candidate, she at once revoked his trusteeship. At another
+time she wrote some attractive lines which she feelingly dedicated to
+her husband.
+
+I recall an amusing incident related by General Scott just after a
+journey to Virginia that well illustrates the exigencies that awaited
+persons traveling in those days in carriages. For a brief period before
+the inauguration of President Harrison, General Scott was in Richmond,
+and in due time, as he thought, started for the station to catch a train
+for Washington to be present when the President-elect should take his
+oath of office. He missed the train, however, and immediately secured a
+carriage to convey him to Washington, as his presence there was
+imperative; but after a hard day's journey the horses could go no
+further, and he was obliged to seek shelter for the night. Stopping at a
+house near the roadside and inquiring whether he could be accommodated,
+he was told that there was but one vacant room and that it had been
+engaged some days in advance by a German butcher, accompanied by his
+wife and daughter. This party meanwhile arrived and upon being informed
+of General Scott's predicament generously offered to share the room with
+him. It was arranged that the women should occupy one of the beds and
+General Scott and the butcher the other. The women, after retiring
+early, gave the signal, "All right," when the men took possession of the
+second bed. After some pretty fast traveling the next morning, General
+Scott reached his destination. While he was relating this laughable
+experience to us some years later, I inquired whether he had enjoyed a
+comfortable rest. "No," was his emphatic response, "the butcher snored
+the whole night." During this visit to Richmond, General Scott was
+invited by an old friend to accompany her and her two sisters to a Roman
+Catholic church to hear some fine music. Upon arriving at the door they
+were met by the sexton, who, somewhat flurried by seeing General Scott,
+announced in stentorian tones the advent of the strangers--"three cheers
+(chairs) for the Protestant ladies."
+
+[Illustration: BRIGADIER GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT, U.S.A., BY INGHAM.
+
+_The original portrait was burned many years ago_.]
+
+While I am relating Scott anecdotes, I must not omit to speak of an
+amusing experience the old General was fond of relating which occurred
+while he was traveling in the West. In his official capacity he was a
+sojourner for a short period in Cincinnati, and, upon leaving that now
+prosperous city, he directed that P.P.C. cards be sent to all persons
+who had called upon him. It seems that the social _convenances_ had not
+yet dawned upon this city, now the abode of arts and sciences, as the
+town wiseacre, learned in many things as well as social lore, was
+called upon for an elucidation of the three mysterious letters.
+Apparently he was not as able an exponent as was Daniel at Balshazzar's
+feast, who so readily deciphered "the handwriting on the wall." He
+construed the letters to signify _pour prendre caf�_, an invitation
+which was gladly accepted, much to General Scott's astonishment, who
+decided then and there to confine himself in future to plain English.
+
+The charming old resident society predominated in those days in the
+District of Columbia, and wealth was not a controlling influence in
+social life. The condition of society was, therefore, different from
+that of to-day, when apparently the
+
+    ... strongest castle, tower or town,
+    The golden bullet beateth down.
+
+The old Washingtonians are now sometimes designated as "cave dwellers,"
+and, generally speaking, the public bows to the golden calf. The term
+"old Washingtonians," as now used, applies to residents descended from
+the original settlers of Maryland and Virginia, as well as to
+Presidential families and the representatives of Army and Navy officers
+of earlier days. Their social code is, in some respects, entirely
+different and distinct from that of any other city, and was formed many
+decades ago by the ancestors of the "cave dwellers," who were so
+peculiarly versed in the varied requirements and adornments of social
+life that to-day no radical innovations are acceptable to their
+descendants.
+
+Speaking of the Army and Navy, I am reminded of an amusing anecdote
+which has been generally circulated regarding the wife of a wealthy
+manufacturer from a small western town who, after building a handsome
+home in the heart of a fashionable section of the city, announced that
+her visiting list was growing so large that she must in some way reduce
+it and that she had decided to "draw it" on the Army and Navy. It seems
+almost needless to say that this remark created much unfavorable
+comment, as Washington is especially proud of the Army and Navy officers
+she has nurtured.
+
+Among the families who were socially prominent at the National Capital
+when I first knew it, were the Seatons, Gales, Lees, Freemans, Carrolls,
+Turnbulls, Hagners, Tayloes, Ramsays, Millers, Hills, Gouverneurs,
+Maynadiers, Grahams, Woodhulls, Jesups, Watsons, Nicholsons,
+Warringtons, Aberts, Worthingtons, Randolphs, Wilkes, Wainwrights, Roger
+Jones, Pearsons, McBlairs, Farleys, Cutts, Walter Jones, Porters,
+Emorys, Woodburys, Dickens, Pleasantons, McCauleys, and Mays.
+
+I often recall with pleasure the days spent by me at Brentwood, a fine
+old country seat near Washington, and picture to my mind those forms of
+"life and light" arrayed in the charms of simplicity which were there
+portrayed. The far West had not then poured its coffers into the
+National Capital, and the mining element of California was then unknown.
+It is true that Washington, with its unpaved streets and poorly lighted
+thoroughfares, was then in a primitive condition, but it is just as true
+that its social tone has never been surpassed. Brentwood was the
+residence of Mrs. Joseph Pearson, who dispensed its hospitalities with
+ease and elegance. For many years it was a social _El Dorado_, where
+resident society and distinguished strangers were always welcome.
+Although it was then remote from the heart of the city, most of its
+numerous visitors were inclined to linger, once within its walls, to
+enjoy the charmed circle which surrounded the Pearson family. Both the
+daughters of this house, Eliza, who married Carlisle P. Patterson,
+Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey, and Josephine, who became the
+wife of Peter Augustus Jay of New York, were Washington beauties. Their
+social arena, however, was not confined to this city, as they made
+frequent visits to New York, where they were regarded as great belles.
+Christine Kean, an old friend of mine who was a younger sister of Mrs.
+Hamilton Fish, both of whom were daughters of Peter Philip James Kean of
+New Jersey, was intimate with the "Pearson girls," and made frequent
+visits to Brentwood, where she shared in their social reign. Christine
+Kean married William Preston Griffin, a naval officer from Virginia, who
+survived their marriage for only a few years. I was accustomed to call
+her "sunshine" as she carried joy and gladness to every threshold she
+crossed. She was superintendent of nurses in the sanitary corps during
+the Civil War, and as such rendered conspicuous service in the State of
+Virginia. She still resides in New York, admired and beloved by a large
+circle of friends, and those charming traits of character which have
+always made her so universally beloved are now hallowing the declining
+years of her life.
+
+I often met Joseph C. G. Kennedy at General Scott's, usually called
+"Census" Kennedy. One day we were shocked to learn that Solon Borland,
+U.S. Senator from Arkansas, standing high in political circles but
+called by General Scott "a western ruffian," had assaulted Mr. Kennedy
+and broken his nose. I knew both Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy in after life. He
+was a gentleman of the old school, beloved and respected by everyone.
+His death in 1887 was a shocking tragedy. A lunatic with a fancied
+grievance met him on the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth
+Street, and stabbed him. Mr. Kennedy was a grandson of Andrew Ellicott,
+who, his descendants claim, conceived the original plans of the city of
+Washington instead of Pierre Charles l'Enfant, to whom they are
+generally attributed.
+
+While visiting in Washington I had the pleasure of renewing my
+acquaintance with Isaac Hull Adams of the Coast Survey. He was a
+bachelor, and his sister, Miss Elizabeth Combs Adams, always lived with
+him. They were children of Judge Thomas Boylston Adams, a son of
+President John Adams, and resided in the old Adams homestead in Quincy,
+Massachusetts. I had originally known both of them in earlier life in
+New York, and it was a sincere pleasure to meet them again. Miss Adams
+was a generous and broad-minded woman who inherited the intellectuality
+of her ancestors. Her reminiscences of the White House during the Monroe
+administration, when her uncle, John Quincy Adams, was Secretary of
+State, were of the deepest interest. She also loved to dwell upon the
+days of the administration which followed, when she was a constant
+visitor at the White House as the guest of her uncle, the President. I
+called upon her a few years ago in Quincy, while I was visiting in
+Boston, and found her living quietly in the old home, surrounded by her
+many household gods. She died soon after I saw her, but the memory of
+her friendship is enduring.
+
+Before making my visit to Quincy I wrote to Miss Adams asking her
+whether she was equal to seeing me. She was then nearly ninety-two years
+old, having been born on the 9th of February, 1808. In a few days I
+received the following letter from her own pen:
+
+    21 ELM STREET, QUINCY, MASS., November 16, 1899.
+
+    My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+    I was very glad to receive your note saying that you would
+    come to see us in a few days. I am a very poor writer, not
+    holding the old pen of the "ready writer," and my brother
+    Isaac Hull is a great invalid and not able to get about, so
+    lame.
+
+    I began two or three notes to you but my fingers are so stiff
+    I do not hold the pen, but wish to tell you that we shall be
+    glad to see you. We are both tired of being invalids. We do
+    not forget good old times far back in the century. The steam
+    cars leave Boston at the South Station. I think I sent you a
+    letter yesterday, but if you fail to get it, I shall be very
+    sorry.
+
+    I have so many letters to write and can but just keep the pen
+    going. It is a lovely day, but I never go out now and Isaac
+    Hull is suffering all sorts of pains. Comes down when he can.
+    Sorry to send such a poor sample. I have not been at Jamaica
+    Plain for two years.
+
+    We live in the oldest house and are the oldest couple in "all
+    Connecticut," as Hull used to sing.
+
+         Very truly yours,
+
+              E. C. ADAMS.
+
+    As I say, the very oldest and the head of five generations. I
+    am so forgetful.
+
+"Hull" Adams, as he was generally called, had a fine tenor voice and I
+have frequently heard him sing in duet with Archibald Campbell, who sang
+bass. Adams and Campbell were lifelong friends and were fellow students
+at West Point. The latter was graduated from West Point in 1835 and
+resigned from the Army in 1838. He subsequently became a civil engineer
+and was a Commissioner to establish the boundaries between the United
+States and Canada. His wife was Miss Mary Williamson Harod of New
+Orleans, and a niece of Judge Thomas B. Adams. Her father, Charles
+Harod, who was president of the Atchafalaya Bank of New Orleans, was an
+aide-de-camp to General Jackson at the battle of New Orleans and, with
+Commodore Daniel T. Patterson in command of our naval forces, met and
+arranged with the pirate Jean Lafitte to bring in his men to fight on
+the American side. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were lifelong residents of the
+District, where she is especially remembered for her many pleasing
+traits. Their son, Charles H. Campbell, still resides in Washington and
+married a daughter of the late Admiral David D. Porter, U.S.N. For many
+years, the Archibald Campbells lived on H Street in a house which is now
+a portion of The Milton.
+
+I remember when Commander Matthew F. Maury, U.S.N., the distinguished
+author of "The Geography of the Sea," was stationed in the old Naval
+Observatory and preparing those charts of the ocean which so gladdened
+the hearts of mariners, quite unconscious meanwhile of the sensational
+career which awaited him. He and Mrs. Maury resided in Washington and,
+aided by their daughters, dispensed a lavish hospitality. A few years
+later, however, when Virginia seceded from the Union, Maury resigned
+from the Navy and linked his destiny with his native State. I learned
+much of his subsequent career from General John Bankhead Magruder, a
+distant relative of my husband, who also resigned from the service and
+espoused the Southern cause. At the time of General Lee's surrender,
+Maury was in England and the following May sailed for St. Thomas, where
+he heard of Lincoln's assassination. He then went to Havana, whence he
+sent his son to Virginia, and took passage for Mexico. He had approved
+of the efforts of the Archduke Maximilian to establish his empire in
+America and had already written him a letter expressive of his sympathy.
+Without waiting, however, for a reply he followed his letter, and upon
+his arrival in Mexico in June was warmly welcomed by Maximilian, by whom
+he was asked to accept a place in his Ministry; but the flattering offer
+was declined and in its place he received an appointment as Director of
+the Imperial Observatory. It seems superfluous to add what everyone
+knows, or ought to know, that Maury was a Christian gentleman of rare
+accomplishments and one of the most proficient scientists of his day.
+
+General Magruder was with Maury when they learned of Lincoln's
+assassination, and accompanied him to Mexico, where he served as Major
+General in Maximilian's army until the downfall of the usurping Emperor.
+In referring to his experiences in Mexico he dwelt with much emphasis
+upon the Empress Carlota and her interesting personality. He described
+her as especially kind and sympathetic and as treating Maury and himself
+with distinguished consideration at her court. This pleasing
+experience, however, was not of long duration. A cloud hung over the
+Mexican throne and it became apparent that Maximilian's reign was
+drawing to a close. Realizing this state of affairs, Magruder and Maury
+left Mexico, the former returning to the United States while the latter
+sailed for Europe. The Empress Carlota returned to Austria, leaving
+Maximilian to fight alone a hopeless cause. Louis Napoleon's vision of
+an European Empire on American soil soon vanished, and Maximilian's
+tragic death and Carlota's subsequent derangement caused a throb of
+sympathy which was felt throughout the civilized world.
+
+During the Mexican War, General Magruder, though a good officer and one
+of the bravest and most chivalrous of men, never lost sight of his
+position in the _beau monde_. He never went into battle, however
+pressing the emergency, without first brushing his hair well, smoothing
+his mustache and arranging his toggery after the latest and most
+approved style. Often during the rage of the battle, while the shot were
+raining around him like hail and his men and horses and guns were
+exposed to a destructive and merciless fire, he would stand up with his
+tall, straight figure in full view of the Mexicans and, assuming the
+most impressive and fashionable attitudes, would eye the enemy through
+his glass with all the coolness and grace suited to a glance through an
+opera glass at a beautiful woman in an opposite box. I have always heard
+that he could not be provoked by any circumstances to commit an impolite
+or an ungenteel act. But he came very near forfeiting his reputation in
+this respect at the battle of Contreras. Upon being ordered to take a
+certain position with his battery, he found himself exposed to a
+terrible fire from the enemy's big guns. In the midst of this hot fire,
+an aide of one of the generals, from whom Magruder had not received his
+order to occupy this position, rode up to the gallant officer and told
+him that he had orders for him from General ----. "But, my dear fellow,"
+interrupted the polite Captain, "you must dismount and take a glass of
+wine with me; do--I have some excellent old Madeira." The aide
+dismounted and the wine was hastily drunk by the impatient young
+Lieutenant, who did not enjoy it very much as there was a constant fire
+of grape and canister rattling about them all the time. But Captain
+Magruder desired very much to have a little agreeable chat over his
+wine, as, he remarked, it was no use popping away with his diminutive
+pieces against the heavy guns of the enemy. "But I am ordered by General
+---- to direct you to fall back, abandon your position, and shelter your
+pieces," was the impatient response. "My dear fellow," replied the
+Captain, "do take another sip of that wine--it is delicious!" "But you
+are ordered by General ---- to retire, Captain; and you are being cut
+up." "Much obliged to you, my dear friend, but if you will only make
+yourself comfortable for a few minutes, I will get some sardines and
+crackers." "I must go," impatiently remarked the Lieutenant, mounting
+his horse; "what shall I report to the General?" "Well, my dear fellow,
+if you are determined to go, please present my compliments to General
+---- and tell him that, owing to a previous engagement with General
+----, I am under the necessity of informing him that before I leave this
+spot I will see him in the neighborhood of a certain gentleman whose
+name is not to be mentioned in polite society." So, at all events, goes
+the story, and I presume we may believe as much or as little of it as we
+please.
+
+General Magruder, while our guest in our country home near Frederick, in
+Maryland, related to me many interesting incidents connected with
+Maury's career. The General seemed to possess an unusual appreciation of
+the good things of life and told me with much gusto about the numerous
+delicacies with which Mexico abounded. His descriptions served to
+recall to my mind the fact that when he was in our regular army he had
+the reputation of "faring sumptuously every day." When in command at
+Newport, Rhode Island, he gave a ball, during which he employed the
+services of some of the soldiers under his command for domestic
+purposes, and for this act was reprimanded by the War Department. After
+the Civil War he went to Texas and died in Houston in the winter of
+1871. He was a brave soldier and was twice brevetted for gallantry and
+meritorious conduct on the battlefields of the Mexican War.
+
+General John B. Magruder and his brother, Captain George A. Magruder of
+the Navy, who early in life became orphans, were brought up by their
+maternal uncle, General James Bankhead, U.S.A. General "Jack" Magruder,
+as he was usually called, developed rather lively traits of character,
+while his younger brother George was so deeply religious that, during
+his naval career, his nickname was "St. George of the Navy." When both
+young men had reached manhood, General Bankhead read them a homily,
+having special reference, however, to his nephew "Jack." "I have reared
+you both with the utmost care and circumspection," he said, "but you,
+John, have not my approval in many ways." Jack's response was
+characteristic. "Uncle," he said, "I can account for it in the following
+manner--George has followed your precepts, but I have followed your
+example." At the outbreak of the Civil War, Captain Magruder resigned
+from the Navy and went with his family to Canada, where his daughter
+Helen married James York MacGregor Scarlett, whose title of nobility was
+Lord Abinger, his father having been raised to the peerage as a "lower
+Lord."
+
+Another Virginia family of social prominence, whose members mingled much
+in Washington society while I was still visiting the Winfield Scotts,
+was that of the Masons of "Colross," the name of their old homestead
+near Alexandria in Virginia. Mrs. Thomson F. Mason was usually called
+Mrs. "Colross" Mason to distinguish her from another family by the same
+name, that of James M. Mason, United States Senator from Virginia. The
+family thought nothing of the drive to Washington, and no entertainment
+was quite complete without the "Mason girls," who were especially bright
+and attractive young women. Open house was kept at this delightful
+country seat and many were the pleasant parties given there. One of the
+daughters, Matilda, married Charles H. Rhett, a representative South
+Carolinian, and my friend, Cornelia Scott, was one of her bridesmaids.
+Florence, another sister, who was generally called "Folly," married
+Captain Thomas G. Rhett of the Army, a brother of her sister's husband.
+He resigned at the beginning of the Civil War, as a South Carolinian
+would indeed have been a _rara avis_ in the Federal Army in 1861, and
+became an officer in the Confederate Army; while from 1870 to 1873 he
+was a Colonel of Ordnance in the Army of the Khedive. Miss Betty Mason,
+the oldest of these sisters, was a celebrated beauty and became the wife
+of St. George Tucker Campbell of Philadelphia.
+
+It was about this time I first made the acquaintance of Emily Virginia
+Mason, who recently died in Georgetown after a long and active life. We
+were accustomed to have long conversations over the tea table concerning
+bygone days, and I sadly miss her bright presence. Her memories of a
+varied life both in Washington and Paris were highly entertaining and as
+one of her auditors I never grew weary while listening to her graphic
+descriptions of persons and things. She was a daughter of John T. Mason
+and a sister of Stevens Thompson Mason, the first governor of Michigan,
+often called the "Boy Governor." She was very active during the Civil
+War as a Confederate nurse and continued her kindly acts thereafter in
+other fields of benevolence. She wrote a life of General Robert E. Lee
+and several other books, and made a compilation of "Southern Poems of
+the War," which was subsequently published under that title.
+
+One may readily turn from Emily Virginia Mason to her life-long friend,
+the daughter of Senator William Wright of New Jersey. It was during her
+father's official life in Washington that Miss Katharine Maria Wright
+met and married Baron Johan Cornelis Gevers, _Charg� d'affaires_ from
+Holland to the United States. After her marriage she seldom visited her
+native country but made her home in Holland until her death a few years
+ago. Her son also entered the diplomatic service of his country and a
+few years ago was living in Washington.
+
+After my father's death we continued as a family to live in our Houston
+Street home in New York, but in 1853 we found the character of the
+neighborhood, which had been so pleasant in years gone by, changing so
+rapidly that we sold our house and moved to Washington. We secured a
+pleasant old-fashioned residence on G Street, between Seventeenth and
+Eighteenth Streets, which in subsequent years became the Weather Bureau.
+Next door to us lived Mrs. Graham and her daughter, Mrs. Henry K.
+Davenport, the grandmother and mother respectively of Commodore Richard
+G. Davenport, U.S.N. Mrs. Graham was the widow of George Graham, who,
+for a time during Monroe's administration, acted as Secretary of War.
+While he was serving in this capacity, his brother, John Graham, was a
+member of the same cabinet, serving as Secretary of State. Mrs.
+Davenport was the mother of a family of sons known familiarly to the
+neighborhood as Tom, Dick and Harry. In the same block lived Mr.
+Jefferson Davis, who was then in the Senate from Mississippi. I remember
+hearing Mrs. Davis say that it was worth paying additional rent to live
+near Mrs. Graham, as she had such an attractive personality and was such
+a kind and attentive neighbor. A few doors the other side of us resided
+Captain and Mrs. Henry C. Wayne, the former of whom was in the Army and
+was the son of James M. Wayne of Georgia, a Justice of the Supreme
+Court; while across the street was the French Legation. Next door, at
+the corner of G and Eighteenth Streets, lived Edward Everett. Mr. and
+Mrs. Robert D. Wainwright lived on the next block in a house now
+occupied by General and Mrs. A. W. Greely. I attended the wedding of
+Miss Henrietta Wainwright, soon after we arrived in Washington, to
+William F. Syng of the British Legation. She was the aunt of
+Rear-Admiral Richard Wainwright, U.S.N., who, as Commanding Officer of
+the _Gloucester_, rendered such conspicuous service at the battle of
+Santiago. Not far away, on the corner of Twenty-first and G Streets,
+lived Lieutenant Maxwell Woodhull of the Navy and his wife; and their
+children still reside in the same house. On F Street, near Twenty-first
+Street, was the home of Colonel William Turnbull, U.S.A., whose wife was
+a sister of General George Douglas Ramsay, U.S.A., who was so well known
+to all old Washingtonians. General Ramsay was very social in his tastes,
+and many years before this time he and Columbus Monroe were the
+groomsmen at the wedding at the White House when John Adams, the son of
+John Quincy Adams, married his first cousin, Miss Mary Hellen. General
+and Mrs. Ramsay lived on Twenty-first Street, not far from his sister,
+Mrs. William Turnbull. Mrs. John Farley (Anna Pearson), a half-sister of
+Mrs. Carlisle P. Patterson, lived on F Street, near Twenty-first Street,
+and the latter's sister, Mrs. Peter Augustus Jay (Josephine Pearson),
+began her matrimonial life on the northwest corner of F and Twenty-first
+Streets.
+
+William Thomas Carroll's residence on the corner of Eighteenth and F
+Streets witnessed a continuous scene of hospitality. Mrs. Carroll was
+never happier than when entertaining. She lived to an advanced age, and
+until almost the very last, remained standing while receiving her
+guests. I have heard that she retained two sets of servants, one for the
+daytime and the other for the night. In her drawing-room hung many
+portraits of family ancestors arrayed in the antique dress of olden
+times. She was a daughter of Governor Samuel Sprigg of Maryland and was
+a handsome and accomplished woman. Her four daughters, who materially
+assisted her in dispensing hospitality, were very popular young women.
+Violetta Lansdale, the oldest, married Dr. William Swann Mercer of the
+well-known Virginia family; Sally is the present Countess Esterhazy;
+Carrie married the late T. Dix Bolles of the Navy; and Alida is the wife
+of the late John Marshall Brown of Portland, Maine. The Carroll house is
+still standing and became the residence of the late Chief Justice
+Melville Fuller of the U.S. Supreme Court. I have always heard that the
+Carroll house, a substantial structure with large rooms, was built by
+Tench Ringgold, who was U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia longer
+than any of his predecessors. He occupied this position during the whole
+of President Monroe's administration, and I have heard it related in the
+Gouverneur family that, when Monroe was retiring from office, he asked
+his successor, John Quincy Adams, on personal grounds, to retain Mr.
+Ringgold. This request was granted and Mr. Monroe made the same appeal
+to Andrew Jackson shortly after the latter's inauguration, and received
+the cordial response, "Don't mention it, don't mention it." On the
+strength of this interview, Ringgold naturally assumed he was safe for
+another term, but, to the surprise of many, he was succeeded two years
+later by Henry Ashton, who retained the office for about three years.
+"Old Hickory," as everybody knows, had a mind of his own.
+
+It was often very pleasant in my new surroundings to welcome to
+Washington some of my early New York friends; and among these none were
+more gladly received than Frances and Julia Kellogg of Troy. My
+intimacy with these sisters goes back as far as my school days at Madame
+Chegaray's, where Frances Kellogg was a boarding pupil and in a class
+higher than mine when I was a day-scholar. It was the habit of these
+sisters to spend their winters in Washington and their summers at West
+Point; and it was during their sojourn at the latter place that Frances
+became engaged to George H. Thomas of the Army who, although a Virginian
+by birth, rendered such distinguished services during our Civil War as
+Commander of the Army of the Cumberland. Many years after General
+Thomas's death, his widow built a house on I Street, where she and Miss
+Kellogg presided during the remainder of their lives. During one of our
+many conversations, Mrs. Thomas told me that when her husband was
+informed that a house was about to be presented to him by admiring
+friends, in recognition of his conspicuous services during the Civil
+War, he at once declined the offer, saying that he had been sufficiently
+remunerated, and requested that the money raised for the purpose should
+be given in charity. A distinguished Union General, who had already
+accepted a house, remonstrated with him and said: "Thomas, if you refuse
+to accept that house it will make it awkward for us." General Thomas's
+characteristic response was: "You may take as many houses as you please,
+but I shall accept none."
+
+At this time the house 14 Lafayette Square, now Jackson Place, still
+standing but very much altered, was owned and occupied by Purser and
+Mrs. Francis B. Stockton and the latter's sister, daughters of Captain
+James McKnight of the Marine Corps and nieces of Commodore Stephen
+Decatur. Purser Stockton once told me that he had purchased this home
+for seven thousand dollars. The house prior to his ownership had been
+the residence of a number of families of distinction, among others the
+Southards and Monroes.
+
+After giving up our home in New York I made a visit of some weeks to my
+friends, the family of William Kemble, who was still residing on St.
+John's Park in New York. While there we were invited to an old-fashioned
+supper at the home of Mr. Peter Goelet, a bachelor, on the corner of
+Nineteenth Street and Broadway, presided over by his sister, Mrs. Hannah
+Greene Gerry. Upon the lawn of this house Mr. Goelet indulged his
+ornithological tastes by a remarkable display of various species of
+turkeys with their broods, together with peacocks and silver and golden
+pheasants. As can be readily understood, this was a remarkable sight in
+the heart of a great city, and caused much admiration from passers-by.
+
+It has been said that at one time William W. Corcoran's father kept a
+shoe store in Georgetown, and that the son, one of the most conspicuous
+benefactors of the city of Washington, was very proud of the fact. I
+have also heard it said, although I cannot vouch for the truth of the
+statement, that the son cherished his father's business sign as one of
+his valued possessions. Whether or not these allegations agree or
+conflict with the explicit statement concerning his father made by
+William W. Corcoran himself, is left for others to judge. The latter
+wrote concerning his father: "Thomas Corcoran came to Baltimore in 1783,
+and entered into the service of his uncle, William Wilson, as clerk,
+beginning with a salary of fifty pounds sterling a year.... He brought
+his family to Georgetown and commenced the shoe and leather business on
+Congress Street," etc., etc. Be the facts as they may, a witticism of
+William Thomas Carroll was a _bon mot_ of the day many years ago in
+Washington. Upon being asked upon one occasion whether he knew the elder
+Mr. Corcoran, he replied: "I have known him from first to _last_ and
+from _last_ to first." Mr. Carroll for thirty-six years was Clerk of the
+Supreme Court of the United States, and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
+paid him a well-earned tribute when he stated that he was "an
+accomplished and faithful officer, prompt and exact in business, and
+courteous in manner, and during the whole period of his judicial life
+discharged the duties of his office with justice to the public and the
+suitors, and to the entire satisfaction of every member of the Court."
+
+At the period of which I am speaking, some of the clerical positions in
+the various departments of the government were filled by members of
+families socially prominent. Francis S. Markoe and Robert S. Chew, for
+example, were clerks in the State Department, and Archibald Campbell and
+James Madison Cutts held similar positions. For many years women were
+not employed by the government. It is said that the first one regularly
+appointed was Miss Jennie Douglas, and that she received her position
+through the instrumentality of Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the
+Treasury, at the request of General Francis E. Spinner, Treasurer of the
+United States. She was assigned to the duty of cutting and trimming
+treasury-notes, a task that had hitherto been performed with shears by
+men. General Spinner subsequently stated that her first day's work
+"settled the matter in her and in women's favor." James Madison Cutts,
+at one time Second Comptroller of the Treasury under Buchanan, married
+Ellen Elisabeth O'Neill, who, with her sister Rose, subsequently Mrs.
+Robert Greenhow, resided in the vicinity of Washington. Both sisters
+possessed much physical beauty. Madison Cutts, as he was generally
+called, was a nephew of "Dolly" Madison, and his father, Richard Cutts,
+was once a Member of Congress from New Hampshire.
+
+It is to the kindness of Mrs. Madison Cutts that I owe the memory of a
+pleasant visit to Mrs. Madison. She took me to call upon her one
+afternoon, and I shall never forget the impression made upon me by her
+turban and long earrings. Her surroundings were of a most interesting
+character and her graceful bearing and sprightly presence, even in
+extreme old age, have left a lasting picture upon my memory. Her niece,
+"Dolly" Paine, was living with her at her residence on the corner of H
+Street and Madison Place, now forming a part of the Cosmos Club. Todd
+Paine, her son, unfortunately did not prove to be a source of much
+satisfaction to her. He survived his mother some years and eventually
+the valuable Madison manuscripts and relics became his property. At the
+time of his death in Virginia this interesting collection was brought to
+Washington, where, I am informed, some of it still remains as the
+cherished possession of the McGuire family. Mr. and Mrs. Madison Cutts
+were devotees of society and consequently they and Mrs. Madison met upon
+common ground. The afternoon of my memorable visit to this former
+mistress of the White House I remember meeting quite a number of
+visitors in her drawing-room, as temporary sojourners at the National
+Capital were often eager to meet the gracious woman who had figured so
+conspicuously in the social history of the country.
+
+I knew Madison Cutts's daughter, Rose Adele Cutts, or "Addie" Cutts, as
+she was invariably called, when she first entered society. Her
+reputation for beauty is well known. I always associate her with
+japonicas, which she usually wore in her hair and of which her numerous
+bouquets were chiefly composed. Her father frequently accompanied her to
+balls, and in the wee small hours of the night, as he became weary, I
+have often been amused at his summons to depart--"Addie, _allons_." As
+quite a young woman, Addie Cutts married Stephen A. Douglas, the "Little
+Giant," whom Lincoln defeated in the memorable presidential election of
+1860. It is said that her ambition to grace the White House had much to
+do with the disruption of the Democratic party, as it was she who urged
+Douglas onward; and everyone knows that the division of the Democratic
+vote between Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckenridge resulted in the
+election of Lincoln. Some years after Douglas's death, his widow married
+General Robert Williams, U.S.A., by whom she had a number of children,
+one of whom is the wife of Lieutenant Commander John B. Patton, U.S.N.
+
+Mrs. Madison Cutts's sister, Mrs. Robert Greenhow, was a woman of
+attractive appearance and unusual ability. Her husband was a Virginian
+by birth and a man of decided literary tastes. When I first knew her she
+was a widow, and but few romances can excel in interest one period of
+her career. She was a social favorite and her house was the rendezvous
+of the prominent Southern politicians of the day. This, of course, was
+before the Civil War, during a portion of which she made herself
+conspicuous as a Southern spy. At the commencement of the struggle her
+zeal for the Southern cause became so conspicuous and offensive to the
+authorities in Washington that she was arrested and imprisoned in her
+own house on Sixteenth Street, near K Street. Later she was confined in
+the "Old Capitol Prison." General Andrew Porter, U.S.A., whose widow
+still resides in Washington and is one of my cherished friends, was
+Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia at this time, and as such
+Mrs. Greenhow was in his charge during her imprisonment. This duty was
+made so irksome to him that, upon one occasion, he exclaimed in
+desperation that he preferred to resign his position rather than to
+continue such an uncongenial task. It has been stated that information
+conveyed by her to the Confederates precipitated the Battle of Bull Run,
+which was so disastrous to the Union Army. Her conduct, even in prison,
+was so aggressive that the government officials decided she was
+altogether too dangerous a character to remain in Washington. They
+accordingly sent her, accompanied by her young daughter Rose, within the
+Southern lines, fearing that even behind prison bars her ingenuity
+might devise some method of communicating with the enemy. From the South
+she went to London, where she published, in 1863, a volume entitled, "My
+Imprisonment and the First Years of Abolition Rule at Washington," to
+which I have already referred. I have heard that this book had quite a
+circulation in Great Britain, but that an attempt was made to suppress
+it in the United States. The last year of the war, Mrs. Greenhow was
+returning to America with considerable money acquired by the sale of her
+book, which she carried with her in gold. She took passage upon a
+blockade-runner which, after pursuit, succeeded in reaching the port of
+Wilmington, North Carolina. She was descending from her ship into a
+small boat to go on shore when she made a false step and fell into the
+water. Her gold tied around her neck held her down and she was drowned.
+Her remains were recovered and brought to the town hall, where they laid
+in state prior to an imposing funeral service. She was regarded
+throughout the South as a martyr to its cause.
+
+Old Washingtonians who recall Mrs. Greenhow's eventful career will
+associate with her, in a way, Mrs. Philip Phillips, who was also active
+in the Southern cause, and whose husband represented Alabama with much
+ability for one term in Congress. He subsequently remained in
+Washington, where he was known as a distinguished advocate before the
+Supreme Court. Mrs. Phillips's enthusiastic friendship for the South
+made serious trouble for herself and family. The first year of the war,
+all of them were sent across the Union lines, and went to New Orleans,
+where General Benjamin F. Butler was in command. A few days after her
+arrival she Was brought before him charged with "making merry" over the
+passing funeral of Captain George Coleman De Kay of New York, an officer
+in the Union Army. When General Butler inquired why she laughed, she
+replied: "Because I was in a good humor." Unable longer to suppress his
+indignation, Butler exclaimed: "If such women as you and Mrs. Greenhow
+are let loose, our lives are in jeopardy." Mrs. Phillips's reply was:
+"We of the South hire butchers to kill our swine." Another day a search
+was made in Mrs. Phillips's house for information concerning the
+Confederacy which she was thought to have. When personally searched and
+compelled to remove her shoes, she suggested that it was impossible for
+a Northern man to get his hand inside a Southern woman's shoe. General
+Butler finally ordered Mrs. Phillips to be confined on an island near
+New Orleans, and placed over her a guard whose duty it was to watch her
+night and day. I have often heard her give an account of her life under
+these trying circumstances. She said she lived in a large "shoe
+box"--whatever that meant--and that her meals were served to her three
+times a day upon a tin plate. From what I have already said, it is
+apparent that she was an exceedingly witty woman. One day, while walking
+on the streets in Washington, she was joined by a distinguished prelate
+of the Roman Catholic Church, and inquired whether he could lay aside
+his cloth long enough to listen to a conundrum? Upon receiving a
+favorable response, she asked: "Why is His Holiness, the Pope, like a
+goose?" The reply was: "Because he sticks to his Propaganda!"
+
+I shall always recall with pleasure a dinner party I attended at the
+residence of Edward Everett. As Mrs. Everett was in very delicate health
+and seldom appeared in public, Mr. Everett presided alone. The
+invitations were for six o'clock, and dinner was served promptly at that
+hour. I was taken into the dining-room by Mr. Philip Griffith, one of
+the Secretaries of the British Legation. We had just finished our second
+course when, to the surprise of everyone, a tall and gaunt gentleman was
+ushered into the dining-room. It was Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia,
+then a member of Congress and subsequently Vice-President of the
+Southern Confederacy. Mr. Everett at once arose and shook hands with Mr.
+Stephens and with an imperturbable expression of countenance motioned
+the butler to provide another seat at the table. For a moment there was
+a slight confusion, as the other guests were obliged to move in order to
+make room for the new comer; but everything was speedily arranged and
+Mr. Stephens began his dinner with the third course. No explanation was
+offered at the moment, but later, while we were drinking our coffee in
+the drawing-room, I noticed Mr. Everett and Mr. Stephens engaged in
+conversation.
+
+A few days later, through Mr. Colin M. Ingersoll, a Representative in
+Congress from Connecticut, the cause of Mr. Stephens' late appearance at
+the dinner was made clear to me. It seems that Mr. Everett and the
+French Minister, the Count Eug�ne de Sartiges, his next door neighbor,
+were giving dinner parties the same evening. The dinner hour at the
+French Legation was half-past six o'clock, while Mr. Everett's was half
+an hour earlier. Through the mistake of a stupid coachman, Mr. Stephens
+was landed at the door of Count de Sartiges's home and entered it under
+the impression that it was Mr. Everett's residence. He walked into the
+drawing-room and suspected nothing, as nearly all the guests were
+familiar to him. Count de Sartiges, however, surprised at the presence
+of an unbidden guest, anxiously inquired of Mr. Ingersoll the name of
+the stranger, and upon being informed remarked: "I'll be very polite to
+him." Seating himself by Mr. Stephens' side, an animated conversation
+followed. Meanwhile other guests arrived and the Count de Sartiges
+became diverted, while Mr. Stephens, still unconscious of his mistake,
+turned to Mr. Ingersoll, who stood near, and in an irritated tone of
+voice said: "Who is this Frenchman who is tormenting me, and where is
+Mr. Everett?" Mr. Ingersoll explained that the Frenchman was the Count
+de Sartiges, and that Mr. Everett was probably presiding over his own
+dinner in the adjoining house.
+
+My _vis � vis_ at Mr. Everett's table was Miss Ann G. Wight, a woman
+with an unusual history. She was born in Montgomery County, Maryland,
+and as a child was placed in a convent. She eventually became a nun and
+an inmate of the Convent of the Visitation in Georgetown, where she
+assumed the name of "Sister Gertrude." She was an intellectual woman and
+was deeply beloved by her associates. Without any apparent cause,
+however, she planned an escape from the convent and sought the residence
+of her relative, General John P. Van Ness, dropping her keys, as I have
+understood, in Rock Creek as she passed over the Georgetown bridge. Mrs.
+Charles Worthington, a Catholic friend of mine who was educated at this
+same convent, gave me the following explanation of her conduct: There
+was an election for Mother Superior, and Miss Wight, deeply disappointed
+that she was not chosen to fill the position, was dissatisfied and when
+it became her turn to answer the front-door bell, suddenly determined to
+leave. She was, however, recognized by one of the priests, who followed
+her to General Van Ness's residence, where he insisted upon seeing her.
+At first she refused to meet him, but, upon informing the General that
+he must learn from her own lips whether her departure was voluntary, she
+consented to see him in the presence of her relative. She admitted that
+she had in no way been influenced. When I first met Miss Wight she was
+more devoted to "the pride, pomp and circumstance" of the world than
+many who had not led such deeply religious lives. She was still living
+at the residence of General Van Ness, and I have heard that she always
+remained a Roman Catholic. During the Everett dinner my escort, Mr.
+Philip Griffith, remarked to me in an undertone: "We have an escaped nun
+here; are we going to have an _auto da f�_?" I responded that I believed
+it to be a matter of record that _autos da f�_ were solely a courtly
+amusement.
+
+Mrs. Sidney Brooks, formerly Miss Fanny Dehon of Boston, was another of
+Mr. Everett's guests. She was a relative of our host, and it was her
+custom to make prolonged visits to the Everett home. Her presence in
+Washington was always hailed with delight. She was a pronounced blonde,
+and her reputation as a brilliant conversationalist was widely extended.
+
+Rufus Choate was an occasional visitor in Washington subsequent to his
+brilliant senatorial career which ended in 1845. That I had the pleasure
+of intimately knowing this man of wit and erudition is one of the
+brightest memories of my life. His quaint humor was inexhaustible and
+some of his bright utterances will never perish. When a younger sister
+of mine was lying desperately ill in Washington in 1856 he called to
+inquire about her condition, and the tones of his sympathetic voice
+still linger in my ear. It has been fittingly said of Mr. Choate that
+even one's name uttered by him was in itself a delicate compliment. It
+is to him we owe the inspiring quotation, "Keep step to the music of the
+Union," which he uttered in his speech before the Whig convention of
+1855. I have heard some of Mr. Choate's clients dwell upon his mighty
+power as an advocate, and it seems to me that words of law flowing from
+such lips might have been suggestive of the harmony of the universe. The
+chirography of Mr. Choate was equal to any Chinese puzzle; it was even
+more difficult to decipher than that of Horace Greeley. I once received
+a note from him and was obliged to call upon my family to aid me in
+reading it. He had a fund of humor which was universally applauded by an
+admiring public. Once, in replying to a toast on Yale College at the
+"Hasty-Pudding" dinner, he said that "everything is to be irregular this
+evening." He followed this remark by poking a little fun at the expense
+of the College by reading a portion of the will of Lewis Morris, one of
+the Signers and the father of Gouverneur Morris. This document was
+executed in 1760 in New York, and in it he expresses his "desire that my
+son, Gouverneur Morris, may have the best education that is to be had in
+Europe or America, but my express will and directions are that he be
+never sent for that purpose to the Colony of Connecticutt, lest he
+should imbibe in his youth that low craft and cunning so incident to the
+People of that Colony, which is so interwoven in their Constitutions
+that all their art cannot disguise it from the World; though many of
+them, under the sanctifyed garb of Religion, have endeavored to impose
+themselves on the World for honest men." The laughter which followed the
+reading of this extract was as _regular_ as the remarks were
+_irregular_. It may be added that Lewis Morris died two years after
+making this will, when his son Gouverneur was between ten and eleven
+years of age, and that his desires were respected, as his son was
+graduated from King's (now Columbia) College in New York in 1768, when
+only sixteen years old. His father, cold in the grave, had his revenge
+on the "Colony of Connecticutt" and the hatchet, for aught we know to
+the contrary, was forever buried, while old Elihu's college still
+survives in New Haven.
+
+An anecdote relating to Gouverneur Morris still lingers in my memory.
+Before his marriage, quite late in life, to Miss Anne Cary Randolph, his
+nephew, Gouverneur Wilkins, was generally regarded as heir to his large
+estate. When a direct heir was born, Mr. Wilkins was summoned to the
+babe's christening. One of the guests began to speculate upon the name
+of the youngster, when Mr. Wilkins quickly said, "Why, _Cut-us-off-sky_,
+of course," in imitation of the usual termination of such a large number
+of Russian names.
+
+In 1852 John F. T. Crampton was British Minister to the United States
+and I had the pleasure of knowing him quite well. He was a bachelor of
+commanding presence, and it was rather a surprise to Washingtonians that
+he evaded matrimonial capture! He lived in Georgetown in an old-time and
+spacious mansion, surrounded by ample grounds. The proverbial
+tea-drinking period had not arrived, but Mr. Crampton, notwithstanding
+this fact, gave afternoon receptions for which his house, by the way,
+was especially adapted. In 1856, during the Crimean War, an
+unpleasantness arose between Great Britain and this country in
+connection with the charge that Crampton had been instrumental in
+recruiting soldiers in the United States for service in the British
+Army. Accordingly, in May of the same year, President Pierce broke off
+diplomatic relations with him and he was recalled. There was never,
+however, any severe reflection made upon him by his home Ministry, and
+after his return to England he was made a Knight of the Bath by Lord
+Palmerston, and a little later became the British Minister at St.
+Petersburg. In the autumn of 1856, while in Russia, he married Victoire
+Balfe, second daughter of Michael William Balfe, the distinguished
+musical composer, from whom he was divorced in 1863.
+
+I frequently attended receptions at the British Legation, and I
+particularly recall those in the spring of the year when they took the
+form of _f�tes champ�tres_ upon the well-kept lawn. On these occasions
+the Diplomatic Corps was well represented, as well as the resident
+society. I have heard a curious story about Henry Stephen Fox, the
+English Minister in Washington from 1836 to 1844. He evidently
+represented the sporting element of his day, as it was said he was _en
+�vidence_ all night and seldom visible by daylight. He was, moreover,
+exceedingly careless about some of the reasonable responsibilities of
+life which rendered it difficult for his creditors to secure an
+audience. They, however, surrounded his house in the First Ward one
+evening and demanded in clamorous tones that he should name a definite
+time when he would satisfy their claims. Fox appeared at a front window
+and pleasantly announced that, as they were so urgent in their demands,
+he would state a time which he hoped would meet with their satisfaction,
+and accordingly named in stentorian voice the "Day of Judgment."
+
+One of the constant visitors at our home on G Street was John
+Savile-Lumley, who was appointed in 1854 as the Secretary of the British
+Legation under Crampton, and in the following year became the English
+_Charg� d'affaires_ in Washington. I remember him as a fine looking
+gentleman and an especially pleasing specimen of the English race. He
+was the natural son of John Lumley-Savile, the eighth Earl of
+Scarborough, by a mother of French origin. After leaving Washington, he
+represented his country in Rome and other prominent courts of Europe,
+and, upon his retirement from the diplomatic service in 1888, was raised
+to the peerage as Baron Savile of Rufford in Nottinghamshire. The last I
+heard of him was through one of Lord Ronald Gower's charming books of
+travel, where it states that he was representing Great Britain at the
+court of Leopold I. in Belgium. He died in the fall of 1896. His younger
+brother lived in London where, for a period, he acted as a sort of
+major-domo in society, and but few entertainments were considered
+complete without him.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+DIPLOMATIC CORPS AND OTHER CELEBRITIES
+
+
+I have already spoken of the Count de Sartiges, who so ably represented
+the French Government in the United States. He had not been very long in
+this country when he married Miss Anna Thorndike of Boston, and while
+residing in Washington they dispensed a lavish hospitality. Just before
+he came to this country, the Count spent several years in Persia, which
+was then regarded as an out-of-the-way post of duty. I recall quite an
+amusing incident which occurred at an entertainment given by the
+Countess de Sartiges to which I was accompanied by George Newell,
+brother-in-law of William L. Marcy. Mr. Newell had not been in
+Washington long enough to, become acquainted with all the members of the
+Diplomatic Corps, and, crossing the room to where I stood, he inquired:
+"Who is the Aborigine who has been sitting next to me?" I looked in the
+direction indicated and recognized the well-known person of General Juan
+Nepomuceno Almonte, the Mexican Minister, whose features strongly
+portrayed the Indian type. Some matrimonial alliances in Mexico at this
+time, by the way, were more or less complicated; for example, General
+Almonte's wife was his own niece.
+
+The first Secretary of the French Legation was Baron Geoffrey Boilleau,
+who remained in this country for several years. While stationed in
+Washington, he married Susan Benton, a daughter of Thomas H. Benton,
+U.S. Senator from Missouri and a political autocrat in his own State,
+another of whose daughters, Jessie Ann, was the wife of General John C.
+Fremont. At a later day, both Boilleau and Fremont became involved in
+difficulties of a serious character in consequence of which the former,
+while Minister to Ecuador, was recalled to France, where, as I am
+informed, he was convicted and confined for a period in the
+_Conciergerie_. I am not fully acquainted with the exact details of the
+charges upon which he was tried, but they had their origin in the
+negotiation of certain bonds of the proposed Memphis and El Paso
+Railroad. In my opinion, however, no one who knew Baron Boilleau well
+ever doubted his integrity. He was a man of decidedly literary tastes
+and, like many persons of that character, possessed but meager knowledge
+of business. It seems that General Fremont had obtained from the
+Legislature of Texas a grant of state lands in the interests of the
+railroad just referred to, which was to be a portion of a projected
+transcontinental line from Norfolk, Virginia, to San Diego and San
+Francisco. It has been stated that "the French agents employed to place
+the land-grant bonds of this road on the market made the false
+declaration that they were guaranteed by the United States. In 1869 the
+Senate passed a bill giving Fremont's road the right of way through the
+territories, an attempt to defeat it by fixing on him the onus of the
+misstatement in Paris having been unsuccessful. In 1873 he was
+prosecuted by the French government for fraud in connection with this
+misstatement. He did not appear in person, and was sentenced by default
+to fine and imprisonment, no judgment being given on the merits of the
+case."
+
+Prince Louis de Bearn, Secretary of the French Legation, was a gentleman
+of most pleasing personality. He was a strikingly handsome bachelor at
+the time I knew him and was much seen in the gay world. He was never
+called "Prince" in those days, but "Count"; but in a letter now before
+me, written in 1904 by his son, who was recently an attach� of the
+French Embassy in Washington, he claims that both his father and
+grandfather were Princes by right of birth. He also states that the
+title was borne by his family before the Revolution of 1789. During his
+official life in Washington, Prince de Bearn married Miss Beatrice
+Winans, daughter of Ross Winans of Baltimore. Chevalier John George
+Hulsemann, the Austrian Minister, was a convivial old bachelor and was
+much esteemed at the Capital for his genial qualities. He lived on F
+Street, below Pennsylvania Avenue, and was stationed in Washington for
+many years.
+
+Chevalier Giuseppe Bertinatti, the Italian Minister, commenced his
+diplomatic career in Washington as a bachelor. He did not occupy a house
+of his own, but lodged at the establishment of Mrs. Ulrich, which was
+the headquarters of many foreigners. Fifty years ago and more, the
+members of the Diplomatic Corps, with few exceptions, lived either in
+modest residences or in boarding houses, in striking contrast with many
+of the imposing mansions now occupied by the official representatives of
+foreign lands. His mission was a diplomatic success and while at the
+capital he married Mrs. Eug�nie Bass, a handsome widow from Mississippi,
+and soon departed upon another mission, taking his American bride with
+him. Soon after the announcement of his prospective marriage, Count
+Bertinatti issued invitations to a large dinner given in honor of his
+_fianc�e_. When the gala day arrived, Mrs. Bass, though quite
+indisposed, was persuaded to be present at the dinner, but, feeling
+decidedly ill, she retired from the table and in a short time became
+much nauseated. When this state of affairs was explained to General
+George Douglas Ramsay, one of the guests of the evening, his quick sally
+was, "a Bass relief!"
+
+Baron Frederick Charles Joseph von Gerolt, whom I knew very well and who
+represented King William of Prussia, is still affectionately recalled by
+his few survivors who cling to early associations. His departure from
+Washington with his family was more deeply regretted than that of some
+other foreign residents whom I remember, as they had made many friends
+and had lived in Washington so long that they were regarded almost as
+permanent residents. The Misses Bertha and Dorothea von Gerolt were
+graceful dancers and were very popular. Dorothea married into the
+Diplomatic Corps and accompanied her husband to Greece. I have heard
+that Bertha became deeply attached to the Chevalier A. P. C. Van
+Karnabeek, secretary of the Netherlands Legation, but that, owing to
+religious considerations, her parents frowned upon the alliance. She
+accordingly determined to enter upon a cloistered life and went to the
+Georgetown convent where she became a nun, and was known until the day
+of her death in 1890 as "Sister Angela." Baron von Gerolt was an
+intellectual man and, prior to his career in the United States, his name
+was much associated with Baron Alexander von Humboldt; but as neither he
+nor Madame von Gerolt were proficient English scholars when they first
+arrived they naturally depended upon others for instruction. I can vouch
+for the truth of the statement that upon one occasion they were advised
+by members of his own legation to greet those whom they met with the
+words, "I'm damned glad to see you."
+
+Mr. Alfred Bergmans, Secretary of the Belgian Legation, married Lily
+Macalister, a Philadelphia heiress, who, in her widowhood, returned to
+this country and made Washington her home. Madame Bergmans was a devotee
+to society and was particularly fond of dancing. She was a _petite
+blonde_, and, even after it ceased to be fashion, she wore her light
+hair down her back in many ringlets. When George M. Robeson, President
+Grant's Secretary of the Navy, saw her for the first time one evening
+while she was dancing, he exclaimed, "That is the tripping of the light
+fantastic toe." She married quite late in life J. Scott Laughton, who
+was considerably her junior, but did not long survive the alliance.
+
+Many members of the Diplomatic Corps of this period married American
+women. Baron Guido von Grabow, one of the secretaries of the Prussian
+Legation whom I knew very well, married Mrs. Edward Boyce, whose maiden
+name was Nina Wood. She was a granddaughter of President Zachary Taylor
+and was well known and beloved by old Washingtonians. Her marriage to
+Baron von Grabow offers strong encouragement to persistent suitors. He
+was deeply in love with her prior to her first marriage, but she
+rejected him for Edward Boyce, who was a member of a prominent
+Georgetown family. Mr. Boyce lived only a few years, and her subsequent
+married life with Baron von Grabow was long and happy.
+
+Alexandre Gau, _Chancelier_ of the Prussian Legation, married my younger
+sister, Margaret, who was regarded as a remarkable beauty as well as an
+accomplished linguist and pianist. Her wedding took place in our G
+Street home in the same room where five months later her funeral
+services were held. Mr. Gau did not long survive her and was interred by
+her side in my father's old burial plot in Jamaica, Long Island.
+
+Don Calderon de la Barca, the Spanish Minister to the United States,
+together with his wife, who was Miss Fanny Inglis, and her sister, Miss
+Lydia Inglis, were presiding social spirits in Washington for many
+years. The latter married a Mr. McLeod, and, becoming financially
+embarrassed, established on Staten Island a school for girls which was
+ably conducted. These sisters were members of a Scotch family of
+distinguished lineage. One of Mrs. McLeod's pupils was Mary E. Croghan,
+a prominent heiress from Pittsburgh. She was still attending school on
+Staten Island when Captain Edward W. H. Schenley of the Royal Navy, a
+Scotch relative of Mrs. McLeod, came to America to visit her. In
+inviting him to be her guest she felt that, as he was an elderly man,
+he would prove to be quite immune to the attractions of mere school
+girls. I met Captain Schenley about this same time in New York, and his
+"make up" was of such a remarkable character that it was a favorite _on
+dit_ that, when he was dressed for standing, a sitting posture was quite
+an impossibility. Young Miss Croghan must have discovered fascinations
+in this Scotchman as she eloped with him from Mrs. McLeod's school and
+after a brief period accompanied him to England, where she spent the
+remainder of her life. Mrs. McLeod was severely criticised by her
+patrons for carelessness, and her school was somewhat injured by Miss
+Croghan's matrimonial adventure.
+
+Don Leopoldo Augusto De Cueto was another Spanish Minister, whom I
+regarded as an agreeable acquaintance. During his _r�gime_ filibustering
+against Spanish possessions, and especially Cuba, was a favorite pastime
+of American citizens and rendered the position of the Spanish Minister
+in Washington one of delicacy and difficulty. Residing in Washington
+during De Cueto's tenure of office was a Cuban named Ambrosio Jos�
+Gonzales, who, in the Civil War, became Inspector General of Artillery
+in the Confederate Army, under General Beauregard. As he was well versed
+in music and had a remarkable voice, he frequently, upon request, sang
+selections from the popular operas then in vogue. Among the songs
+frequently heard in drawing-rooms was "Suoni la Tromba," from Bellini's
+opera "I Puritani di Scozia," which had been interdicted by the Spanish
+Government. One evening when De Cueto was spending an informal evening
+with my sisters and myself at our G Street home, Mr. Gonzales happened
+to call and was asked to sing. He seated himself at the piano and for
+sometime sang various airs for us. Finally, not knowing that "Suoni la
+Tromba" was under the Spanish ban, I asked him to sing it. During the
+song De Cueto was politely attentive, and at its conclusion had the
+politeness to applaud it. Imagine, however, my surprise when I heard a
+few days later, through a mutual friend, that Gonzales had boasted that
+he sang the song in De Cueto's presence, proudly adding that he had
+looked the Spaniard full in the eye when he uttered the word
+_libert[)a]_.
+
+Mr. Jos� de Marcoleta, the Nicaraguan Minister to the United States, was
+an elderly and punctilious Spaniard. He was indefatigable in the
+observance of all social duties, and I met him wherever I went. He was a
+bachelor but, soon after his arrival in Washington, announced his
+engagement to Miss Mary West of Boston, who unfortunately died before
+her wedding day. I am under the impression that he eventually married
+another American. I remember once when he called to see us I asked him
+to tell me something about Nicaragua, which was then an almost unknown
+country. My surprise can hardly be described when he told me he had
+never seen the country which he represented, but was a native of Spain.
+
+Baron Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff represented Denmark in a manner
+creditable both to his country and our own. He told me that some years
+previous to his mission to America he came to New York in the capacity
+of an engineer and was engaged on work in New York harbor, "blowing up
+rocks." Possibly he was thus employed at "Hell Gate," at that time one
+of the most dangerous obstacles to navigation in that vicinity.
+
+The well-known "Octagon," as the old Tayloe home on the corner of New
+York Avenue and Eighteenth Street is still called, during my early
+residence in Washington was closed. Many superstitious persons regarded
+it with fear, as its reputation as a haunted house was then, in their
+opinion, well established. I have been told by the daughters of General
+George D. Ramsay that upon one occasion their father was requested by
+Colonel John Tayloe, the father of Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, to remain at
+the Octagon over night, when he was obliged to be absent, as a
+protection to his daughters, Anne and Virginia. While the members of the
+family were at the evening meal, the bells in the house began to ring
+violently. General Ramsay immediately arose from the table to
+investigate, but failed to unravel the mystery. The butler, in a state
+of great alarm, rushed into the dining-room and declared that it was the
+work of an unseen hand. As they continued to ring, General Ramsay held
+the rope which controlled the bells, but, it is said, they were not
+silenced. The architect of the Octagon was Dr. William Thornton, of the
+West Indies, who designed the plans of the first capitol in Washington
+and who was the controlling spirit of the three Commissioners appointed
+by Congress to acquire a "territory not exceeding ten miles square" for
+the establishment of a permanent seat of government. These men were
+Daniel Carroll, Thomas Johnson, first Governor of the State of Maryland,
+and David Stuart. Most of this land, which included Georgetown and
+Alexandria, was primeval forest and was owned chiefly by Daniel Carroll,
+Notley Young, Samuel Davidson and David Burns.
+
+The Commissioners had great difficulty in dealing with Burns, who owned
+nearly all of what is now the northwestern section of the city, as he
+was a closefisted and hardheaded Scotchman, who was unwilling to part
+with his lands without being roundly paid for them. When argument with
+him proved fruitless, it is said that General Washington, realizing the
+gravity of the situation, rode up several times from Mount Vernon to
+discuss the situation with "stubborn Mr. Burns." At length, in despair,
+he remarked: "Had not the Federal City been laid out here, you would
+have died a poor planter." "Ay, mon," was Burns's ready response, "and
+had you no married the widder Custis wi' a' her nagres ye'd ha'e been a
+land surveyor the noo', an' a mighty poor ane at that!" It is further
+related that Washington finally succeeded in winning Burns over to his
+way of thinking, and that the canny Scotchman, realizing how largely he
+was to profit by the transaction, actually became generous and gave to
+the Commissioners, in fee simple, his apple orchard which is now the
+beautiful Lafayette Square.
+
+In passing through Lafayette Square, I have often sat down upon a bench
+to rest near the "wishing tree," a dwarf chestnut so well known to
+residents of the District, and I have been impressed by the many
+superstitious persons, both men and women, who have stopped for a moment
+and silently stood under its branches. Many are the credulous believers
+in its power to satisfy human desires, and the season when its branches
+are full of nuts is regarded by these as a specially propitious time for
+their realization. With many persons this tree is the basis of their
+only superstition.
+
+I remember the case of a young girl who had been working very hard to
+obtain a position in one of the departments but without success and who,
+thoroughly discouraged, came to the tree early one morning and made the
+wish that to her and her family meant the actual necessities of life.
+She then sat down to rest upon a near-by bench before going home, and
+while there became engaged in conversation with a pleasing looking
+woman, to whom she poured forth her heart as she related her hopes and
+disappointments about obtaining a government position. As her listener
+was a sympathetic person, she asked the young woman her name and
+address, and in a few days the poor girl received a notice to go to a
+certain department for examination. It seems that her companion under
+the tree was the wife of an influential Senator, who was so touched by
+the young woman's efforts, as well as by her childish faith in the
+"wishing tree," that she took pleasure in seeing that her great desire
+was gratified.
+
+At this time Washington was not far behind other large cities in games
+of chance, and gambling was frequently indulged in quite openly. Edward
+Pendleton's resort, a luxurious establishment down town, was regarded as
+quite _� la mode_, and I have heard it said that he had able assistance
+from social ranks. I have often wondered why a man who indulged in this
+sport was called a gambler, as the term "gamester," used many years ago,
+seems decidedly more appropriate. I own two volumes of a very old book,
+published in the eighteenth century, entitled "The Gamesters," in which
+the heroes are professional gamblers. I have seen Mrs. Pendleton's
+costly equipage, drawn by horses with brilliant trappings and followed
+by blooded hounds, coursing the length of Pennsylvania Avenue, while its
+owner seemed entirely unconscious of the aching hearts which had
+contributed to all her grandeur. Cards were universally played in
+private homes and whist was the fashionable game, General Scott being
+one of its chief devotees. I have often thought how much the old General
+would have enjoyed "bridge," as there was nothing that gave him more
+pleasure than playing the "dummy hand."
+
+My old friend, Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, the widow of General "Phil"
+Kearny, in our many chats in her latter days, gave me many reminiscences
+of Washington at a time when I was not residing there. She described a
+fancy-dress ball given by her while residing in the old Porter house on
+H Street, which must have been about 1848, as General Kearny had just
+returned from the Mexican War. She dwelt particularly upon the costume
+of Emma Meredith, one of her guests and the daughter of Jonathan
+Meredith of Baltimore, who came to Washington to attend the party. She
+represented a rainbow and her appearance was so gorgeous that Mrs.
+Kearny said the Heavenly vision seemed almost within the grasp of common
+mortals. Miss Meredith's supremacy as a belle has never been eclipsed. I
+recall a painful incident connected with her life. A young naval
+officer was deeply in love with her and, it is said, was under the
+impression that she intended to marry him. At a theater party one
+evening he discovered his mistake and, taking the affair to heart,
+returned to his quarters and the same evening swallowed a dose of
+corrosive sublimate. Physicians were immediately summoned and, although
+he regretted the act and expressed a desire to live, they were unable to
+save him. It is said that about the same time Miss Meredith left her
+home in Baltimore to visit her sister, Mrs. Gardiner G. Howland, whose
+husband was one of the merchant princes of New York, and that, as she
+crossed the Jersey City Ferry, one of the first objects which met her
+eyes was the funeral cortege of her disappointed lover _en route_ to his
+final resting place. Subsequent to this tragedy, I met Miss Meredith in
+Saratoga, surrounded by the usual admiring throng. She never married. I
+heard of her in recent years, at a summer resort near Baltimore, and,
+although advanced in years, I understood she still possessed exceptional
+powers of attraction. Only a short time ago I heard a young man remark
+that he knew her very well and that he would rather converse with her
+than with women many years her junior.
+
+Mrs. Kearny was said to be the last of the "Lafayette girls." In 1825,
+when Lafayette made his memorable visit to the United States as the
+guest of the nation, she was living with her parents in Louisville, and
+at the tender age of five strewed flowers in the pathway of the
+distinguished Frenchman. She remembered the incident perfectly and in
+our numerous conversations I have repeatedly heard her allude to it. She
+told me that, seated at General Lafayette's side in the carriage which
+conveyed him through the city, was the great-uncle, Colonel Richard C.
+Anderson, who led the advance of the American troops at the Battle of
+Trenton. General Robert Anderson, U.S.A., whose memory the country
+honors as the defender of Fort Sumpter, was his son. The General's
+widow, a daughter of General Duncan L. Clinch, U.S.A., resided in
+Washington until her death a few years ago. She was a woman of rare
+intelligence and, although a great invalid for many years, gathered
+around her an appreciative circle of friends, who were always charmed by
+her attractive personality.
+
+In my earliest recollection of Washington the old Van Ness house was
+still sheltered by many trees. The foliage was so dense that it may have
+been the desire of the occupants to shield themselves in this manner
+from public view. When I first knew the landmark it was occupied by
+Thomas Green, an old-time resident of the District. He married, as his
+second wife, Ann Corbin Lomax, a daughter of Major Mann Page Lomax of
+the Ordnance Department of the Army. During the Civil War, Mr. Green's
+sympathies were with the South, but he took no active part in the
+conflict. One of his idiosyncrasies was to pick up, on and around his
+spacious grounds, scraps of old iron, such as horse shoes, hay rakes and
+the like, which were placed in a corner of his capacious cellar.
+Suspicion was centered upon his house by information given to the
+government by an old family servant who thought he was doing the country
+a service, and directions were accordingly given that it should be
+searched. While this order was in process of execution, the discovery of
+the scrap-iron is said to have played an important part and in some
+unaccountable manner to have aroused further suspicion. Whatever the
+logic of the situation may have been is not intelligible, but the fact
+remains I that Mr. and Mrs. Green and the latter's sister, Miss Virginia
+Lomax, were arrested in a summary manner and taken to the Old Capital
+Prison, where for a time they were kept in close confinement, during
+which Miss Lomax suffered severe indisposition and, as is said, never
+entirely recovered from the effects of her incarceration. About
+twenty-five years after the War, while staying at the same house with
+her in Warrenton, Virginia, I quite longed to hear her reminiscences of
+prison life; but when I expressed my desire to a member of her family, I
+was requested not to broach the subject as, even at this late day, it
+was painful to her as a topic of conversation.
+
+During the War of 1812, Major Lomax was sent upon a mission to Canada by
+the U.S. Government and, one day during his brief sojourn, dined in
+company with some British officers. During the dinner a toast was
+offered by one of the sons of John Bull: "To President Madison, dead or
+alive." The responding toast by Major Lomax was: "To the Prince Regent,
+drunk or sober." The British officer who had proposed the toast to
+Madison immediately sprang to his feet and with much indignation
+inquired: "Do you mean to insult me, sir?" The quick rejoinder was: "I
+am responding to an insult!"
+
+I met Charles Sumner soon after his first appearance in the United
+States Senate as the successor of Daniel Webster, who had become
+Secretary of State. He was a man of striking appearance and bore himself
+with the dignity so characteristic of the statesmen of that period.
+"Sumner is one of them literary fellows," was the facetious criticism of
+the Hon. Zachariah Chandler of Michigan, who a few years later became
+one of his colleagues in the Senate, and who in earlier life was
+accumulating a large fortune while Mr. Sumner, in his Massachusetts
+home, was engaged in those intellectual and scholarly pursuits which
+eventually made him one of the ripest and most accomplished students in
+the land. Chandler, however, in his own way, furnished a conspicuous
+example to aspiring youths of the day, both by his earlier and
+subsequent life, of what may be accomplished by determined application.
+
+For a decade or more preceding the Civil War the political sentiment of
+Washington, especially in reference to the violent anti-slavery
+agitation then engrossing the thought of the country, was decidedly in
+sympathy with the attitude of the South. It is not, therefore,
+surprising that Sumner, whose radical views were known from Maine to
+Texas, should have been received at first in Washington society with but
+little cordiality. As the years passed along, he was rapidly forging
+himself ahead to the leadership of his party in the Senate and, of
+course, became strongly inimical to Buchanan's administration. He was
+regarded with confidence and esteem by his own party, and, although
+naturally both disliked and feared by his political opponents, it could
+be truthfully said of him that he was
+
+    A man that fortune's buffets and rewards
+    Hast ta'en with equal thanks,
+
+and that no attempts to socially ostracize or to deride him for his
+political views and his intense application to his sense of duty
+deterred the great Massachusetts statesman from pursuing the "even tenor
+of his way."
+
+An anecdote went the rounds of the Capital to the effect that, one
+morning when a gentleman called to see Sumner at his rooms on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, a colored attendant answered the door and after
+glancing at his card informed him that it would be impossible to disturb
+his master, as he was rehearsing before a looking-glass a speech which
+he expected to deliver the following morning. Whether this was
+originally told by a friend or foe of Mr. Sumner is not known. Mr.
+Sumner once requested me to take him to see a young Washington belle who
+combined Parisian grace with Kentucky dash. I refer to Miss Sally
+Strother, an acknowledged beauty of decidedly Southern views, who lived
+on Seventh Street near F Street, now a commercial center. Mr. Sumner and
+I walked to her house from my home on G Street and found several guests
+in her drawing-room, where the topic of conversation, in the course of
+the evening, drifted to the subject of spiritualism. It was announced
+that at a recent _s�ance_ the spirit of Washington had appeared and
+uttered the usual platitudes, whereupon Miss Strother, without a
+moment's hesitation, remarked: "I wonder what General Washington would
+say about Mr. Sumner?" Someone undertook to define Washington's views,
+but Miss Strother interrupted and said: "I know just what he would
+say--that he was a very intelligent, a very handsome, but a very bad
+man." This remark was naturally productive of much mirth, but failed to
+arouse any manifestation of feeling or disapprobation on the part of Mr.
+Sumner. Later, as we were walking homeward he remarked: "I have
+_l'esprit d'escalier_ and my retorts do not come until I am well-nigh
+down the flight of stairs." Sally Strother went abroad, where she
+married Baron Fahnenberg of Belgium, and shared a fate similar to that
+of many of her country-women, as she was finally separated from her
+husband. She cherished, however, a pride of title and bequeathed $60,000
+to erect in Spa, Belgium, a handsome chapel as well as a vault to
+contain the remains of her mother, brother and herself. Her Kentucky
+relatives, however, including the family of Mrs. Basil Duke, succeeded
+in breaking the will on the ground that her mother's will, through which
+she had inherited her property, did not permit it to leave the family.
+The chapel and vault, accordingly, were not built, and all her property
+reverted to her relatives.
+
+In addition to his commanding presence, nature bestowed upon Mr. Sumner
+a clear and melodious voice, which rendered it quite unnecessary for him
+to resort to Demosthenic methods of cultivation. For many years his
+inspiring words could be heard upon the floor of the Senate in all of
+the leading debates of the day, and his masterly orations will go down
+to posterity as an important contribution to the history of many
+national administrations.
+
+I well remember Preston S. Brooks's cowardly assault upon Charles Sumner
+in the Senate Chamber in the spring of 1856. Public indignation ran very
+high, and his political opponents referred to him thereafter as "Bully
+Brooks." Socially, as well as politically, he was popular. He possessed
+a gentle and pleasing bearing and it would have been difficult for
+anyone to associate him with such a cruel outrage. His uncle, Andrew P.
+Butler, who was in the U.S. Senate from South Carolina at the same time,
+was a fine-looking and venerable gentleman, but he was one of the class
+then designated as "fire-eaters."
+
+There existed between Mr. Sumner and Henry W. Longfellow a strong
+friendship which was contracted in early life. I have often heard the
+Massachusetts statesman recite some of his friend's poetical lines,
+which seemed to me additionally beautiful when rendered in his deep and
+sonorous voice. In the latter years of his life he resided in the house
+which is now the Arlington Hotel Annex, where he surrounded himself with
+his remarkable collection of books and articles of _virtu_ which he
+exhibited with pride to his guests. I especially recall an old clock
+presented to him by Henry Sanford, Minister to Belgium, as an artistic
+work of exceptional beauty. Mr. Sumner, by the way, was an accomplished
+connoisseur in art. I have heard him strongly denounce Clark Mills's
+equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson, now standing in the center
+of Lafayette Square. He told me that on one occasion he was conducting a
+party of Englishmen through the streets of the National Capital and, as
+they were driving along Pennsylvania Avenue, he seated himself in such a
+position as to entirely obstruct the view of what he called this
+"grotesque statue," calling the attention of his guests, meanwhile, to
+the White House on the other side of the street.
+
+I felt honored in calling Charles Sumner my friend, and I take especial
+pleasure in repeating the encomium that "to the wisdom of the statesman
+and the learning of the scholar he joined the consecration of a patriot,
+the honor of a knight and the sincerity of a Christian." George Sumner,
+his brother, did not appear in the land of his birth as a celebrity, but
+he had a remarkable career abroad. He hobnobbed with royalty throughout
+the European continent and was highly regarded for his profound
+learning. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin and
+traveled extensively through Europe, Asia and Africa. He never tarried
+long in his "native heath," and furnished conspicuous evidence that "a
+prophet is not without honor save in his own country." Alexander von
+Humboldt praised the accuracy of his researches and Alexis de
+Tocqueville referred to him as being better acquainted with European
+politics than any European with whom he was acquainted.
+
+While Sumner was in the Senate, George T. Davis of Greenfield,
+Massachusetts, was a member of the House of Representatives. I knew him
+very well and he was a constant visitor at our home. He was celebrated
+for his flashes of wit, which sometimes stimulated undeveloped powers in
+others, and I have often seen dull perceptions considerably sharpened at
+his approach. Oliver Wendell Holmes speaks of his witty sayings in the
+"Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," and his conversational powers were so
+brilliant that they won the admiration of Thackeray. Robert Rantoul,
+also from Massachusetts, and a colleague of Davis, was a "Webster Whig"
+and a powerful exponent of the "Free-Soil" faith. Davis, who was so
+bright and clever in the drawing-room, could not, however, compete with
+Rantoul on the floor of the House in parliamentary debate. The epitaph
+on Rantoul's monument says that "He died at his post in Congress, and
+his last words were a protest in the name of Democracy against the
+Fugitive-Slave Law." One of the verses of Whittier's poem, entitled
+"Rantoul," reads as follows:--
+
+    Through him we hoped to speak the word
+      Which wins the freedom of a land;
+    And lift, for human right, the sword
+      Which dropped from Hampden's dying hand.
+
+I first met the eccentric Count Adam Gurowski at the convivial tea table
+of Miss Emily Harper in Newport, upon one of those balmy summer evenings
+so indelibly impressed upon my memory. He was, perhaps, in many
+respects, one of the most remarkable characters that Washington has ever
+known. He was a son of Count Ladislas Gurowski, an ardent admirer of
+Kosciusko, and was active in revolutionary projects in Poland in
+consequence of which he was condemned to death by the Russian
+authorities. He managed, however, to escape and in 1835 published a work
+entitled "La Verit� sur la Russie," in which he advocated a union of the
+various branches of the Slavic race. This book was so favorably regarded
+in Russia that its author was recalled and employed in the civil
+service. He came to this country in 1849, and, after being employed on
+the staff of _The New York Tribune_, came to Washington, where his
+linguistic attainments and the aid of Charles Sumner secured for him a
+position as translator in the State Department, which he held from 1861
+to 1863.
+
+The Count was a medley of strange whims and idiosyncrasies that almost
+baffle description. Together with his strong individuality, he possessed
+a trait which made many enemies and ultimately proved his undoing. I
+refer to his uncontrollable desire to contradict and to antagonize. It
+was simply impossible to find a subject upon which he and anyone else
+could agree. There were, however, extenuating circumstances. "Chill
+penury," forced upon him by the state of his financial affairs, had much
+to do with his cynical and acrimonious spirit. Prosperity is certainly
+conducive to an amiable bearing, and I believe that Gurowski would have
+been more conciliatory if adversity had not so persistently attended
+his pathway. It is highly probable, too, that Gurowski would have
+retained his position under the government indefinitely but for his
+unfortunate disposition. He wrote a diary from 1861 to 1863 which he was
+so indiscreet as to keep in his desk in the State Department; and,
+unknown at first to him, some of its pages were brought to the attention
+of certain officials of the government. They contained anything but
+complimentary references to his chief, William H. Seward, Secretary of
+State, and he was discharged. Meanwhile he had antagonized his
+benefactor, Mr. Sumner, by opposing, in a caustic manner, his views in
+reference to the conduct of the Civil War, and by other similar
+indiscretions was making new enemies almost every day.
+
+The intense bitterness and intemperance of Gurowski in the expression of
+his views is well illustrated in a conversation quoted by one of his
+friends in _The Atlantic Monthly_ more than forty years ago. It had
+reference to a period preceding the Civil War when the "Fugitive-Slave
+Law" was engrossing the attention of the country. "What do I care for
+Mr. Webster," he said. "I can read the Constitution as well as Mr.
+Webster." "But surely, Count, you would not presume to dispute Mr.
+Webster's opinion on a question of constitutional law?" "And why not? I
+tell you I can read the Constitution as well as Mr. Webster, and I say
+that the 'Fugitive-Slave Law' is unconstitutional--is an outrage, and an
+imposition of which you will all soon be ashamed. It is a disgrace to
+your humanity and to your republicanism, and Mr. Webster should be hung
+for advocating it. He is a humbug or an ass--an ass, if he believes such
+an infamous law to be constitutional, and if he does not believe it, he
+is a humbug and a scoundrel for advocating it."
+
+The Count's sarcastic reference to Secretary Seward is equally amusing.
+It seems that one of his duties, while in the State Department, was to
+keep a close watch upon the European newspapers for matters of interest
+to our government, and also to furnish the Secretary of State, when
+requested, with opinions on diplomatic questions, or, as Gurowski
+expressed it, "to read the German newspapers and keep Seward from making
+a fool of himself." The first duty, he said, was easy enough, but the
+latter was rather difficult!
+
+In 1854 Gurowski published his book, "Russia as it is," which was soon
+followed by another work entitled, "America and Europe." Both of them
+met with a favorable reception, but, after losing his government
+position, it became a difficult matter for him to eke out a maintenance,
+and his disposition, if possible, became still more embittered. At an
+evening party I took part by chance in an animated discussion upon the
+subject of dueling. Suddenly my eye lighted upon Count Gurowski, who had
+just entered the room. Calling him to my side I asked him in facetious
+tones how many men he had killed. He quickly responded, "Wonly (only)
+two!"
+
+Count Gurowski's fund of knowledge was in many ways highly remarkable,
+especially upon his favorite theme of royalty and nobility, past and
+present. He was intensely disliked by the Diplomatic Corps in
+Washington, many of whose members regarded him as a Russian spy, a
+suspicion which, of course, was without the slightest foundation. Baron
+Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff, the Danish Minister, once refused to enter a
+box at the opera where I was seated because Gurowski was one of the
+party. The Count seemed to be in touch with sources of information
+relating to diplomats and their affairs which were unknown to others--a
+fact which naturally aroused dislike and jealousy. He once announced to
+me, for example, that the _attach�s_ of the French Legation were in a
+state of great good humor, as their salaries had been raised that day.
+I once heard a member of a foreign legation say to another: "Gurowski is
+an emanation of the Devil." "The Devil, you say," was the response,
+"why, he is the Devil himself." In discussing with a foreigner the
+Count's exile by the Russian government, I said that I knew of relatives
+of his in high position in Russia. Evidently controlled by his
+prejudices, he replied: "It must be a family of contrasts, as his
+position in this country is certainly a low one." If he intended to
+convey the impression that the Count was "low" in his pocket, his
+statement was certainly correct, but not otherwise. It is true that his
+unhappy disposition made him more enemies than friends, but he was by no
+means devoid of admirable traits, even if he so frequently preferred to
+conceal them. The finer side of his nature and his pleasing qualities
+only were presented to my sister, Mrs. Eames, who always welcomed him to
+her house. One day when he called the condition of his health seemed so
+precarious that she insisted upon his becoming her guest. He accepted
+the invitation, but did not long survive, and in the spring of 1866 his
+turbulent spirit passed away while under my sister's roof. Much respect
+was paid to his memory and the most distinguished men and women in
+Washington attended his funeral. He is buried in the Congressional
+Cemetery, where a crested tablet surmounts his grave. Little was
+generally known of his immediate family relations, but Robert Carter,
+one of his most intimate friends and the author of the article in _The
+Atlantic Monthly_, already referred to, states that he was a widower and
+had a son in the Russian Navy and a married daughter in Switzerland.
+
+Early in life his brother, Count Ignatius Gurowski, met the Infanta
+Isabella de Bourbon, sister of the Prince Consort of Spain, while she
+was receiving her education at the _Sacre Coeur_ in Paris, and eloped
+with her. They were pensioned by the Spanish government for a while
+under Queen Isabella's reign and made their home in Brussels. I have
+heard, however, that when Isabella was forced from the throne the
+pension ceased and their circumstances became quite reduced. It is said
+that the Prince Consort, Ignatius Gurowski's brother-in-law, suggested
+to him soon after his marriage that it might be well for him to be
+created a Duke of the realm. This friendly offer was declined with
+indignation. "I would prefer," said Gurowski, "being an old Count to a
+new Duke!"
+
+Sometime ago I saw the statement in a newspaper to the effect that
+descendants of Ignatius Gurowski were living in the United States. This
+suggests, although remotely, the inquiry heard many years ago: "Have we
+a Bourbon among us?"--referring, of course, to the last Dauphin, whom
+many believed to exist in the person of the Rev. Eleazer Williams, who
+resided in St. Lawrence County, New York. The Rev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks
+had such an abiding faith that Williams was actually the Dauphin that he
+wrote an article in 1853 for _Putnam's Magazine_ expressive of his
+views. If the newspaper story and Dr. Hawks's claims be true, this
+country has accordingly been the retreat of more than one member of the
+ill-fated Bourbon family. Several years ago I was surprised to hear it
+stated that the father of Kuroki, the famous Japanese General, was a
+brother of Adam and Ignatius Gurowski. This information, I am informed,
+came from a nephew of General Kuroki who was receiving his education in
+Europe. "My uncle Kuroki," he is said to have written, "is of Polish
+origin. His father was a Polish nobleman by the name of Kourowski, who
+fled from Russia after the Revolution of 1831. He finally went to Japan
+and married a Japanese. As the name of Kourowski is difficult to
+pronounce in Japanese, my uncle pronounced it Kuroki. The General's
+father, upon his death bed said to him that perhaps some day he would
+be able to take vengeance upon the Russians for their cruel treatment of
+unhappy Poland."
+
+One of the most notable men of my acquaintance in Washington was Caleb
+Cushing. I first met him when he was Attorney-General in President
+Pierce's Cabinet, and the friendship formed at that time lasted for many
+years. He was among the guests at my wedding, and Miss Emily Harper,
+whom he accompanied, told me that he especially commented upon that
+portion of the service which reads, "those whom God hath joined
+together, let no man put asunder." His remarks evidently appealed to her
+as an ardent Roman Catholic. Ralph Waldo Emerson declared Mr. Cushing to
+be the most eminent scholar of the country, and Wendell Phillips went
+still further and said: "I regard Mr. Cushing as the most learned man
+living." His habit was one of constant acquirement. He was what I should
+call "a Northern man with Southern principles," an expression which
+originated in 1835, and was first applied to Martin Van Buren. I have
+heard Cushing defend slavery with great eloquence and although, like
+him, I was born and bred in the North, I regarded that institution, in
+some respects, as far less iniquitous than the infamous opium trade
+which so enriched British and American merchants, and of which I saw so
+much during my life in China.
+
+It must have been from his Pilgrim forefather that Mr. Cushing inherited
+a decided antipathy for Great Britain, and it was once said that he
+carried this prejudice so far that he refused to visit England. This
+statement, however, is untrue, as I have before me an amusing article,
+written many years ago by his private secretary, during his mission to
+Spain, which contradicts it. He gives some amusing incidents connected
+with his visit of a few days in London when he and Mr. Cushing were _en
+route_ to Spain. "Mr. Cushing's headwear," he writes, "was a silk hat
+which must have been the fashion of about the time he discarded
+umbrellas. It was slightly pointed at the top and there was, so to say,
+no back or front to it and there was no band for it. As I knew he
+intended paying several visits, I asked him if he would not exchange his
+hat, which at the time was thoroughly soaked, for a new and lighter one.
+The old man took off his ancient hat, examined it critically and then
+said slowly and deliberately, as if delivering an opinion on the bench,
+'No, sir, I think that I shall wait and see what the fashions are in
+Madrid.' It was said with much earnestness, as if it had been a state
+question. A third person would have found it irresistibly funny, but
+there was nothing laughable in it to General Cushing. In fact, his sense
+of humor was of a very grim order." He also writes: "The old man was an
+inveterate smoker, and yet, during the whole period of my intercourse
+with him, I did not see him light a score of fresh cigars. He bought
+them, that is certain, but he must have been averse to lighting them in
+public for he almost invariably had a stump between his lips. Ask him if
+he would have a cigar and the answer would be, 'Thank you, sir, I think
+I have one,' and out would come a dilapidated case, from which he would
+shake from one to half a dozen butts as the supply ran."
+
+While Cushing was Attorney-General under President Pierce, he formed a
+friendship with Madame Calderon de la Barca, of whom I have already
+spoken, who, upon his arrival in Madrid, was one of the first persons to
+greet him. She was then a widow and occupied a high social position at
+the Spanish court. Cushing and she thoroughly enjoyed the renewal of
+their earlier friendship in Washington, and the last visit he made in
+Madrid was when he bade her a final farewell. In 1843, and prior to his
+mission to Spain, Mr. Cushing was appointed by President Tyler Minister
+to China, where his able diplomacy has been the subject of recognition
+and admiration to this day. He carried with him the following
+remarkable letter which he was charged by the President to deliver in
+person to the Emperor. It may have been--who knows?--the first lesson in
+occidental geography submitted to the "Brother of the Sun and the Sister
+of the Moon and Stars." Had the President of the United States been
+called upon to address a country Sunday School, he could hardly have
+exhibited a more conscious effort to adapt himself to the level of his
+hearers. This is the letter:--
+
+     I, John Tyler, President of the United States of
+     America--which states are Maine, New Hampshire,
+     Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York,
+     New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
+     North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky,
+     Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois,
+     Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas and Michigan--send this letter
+     of peace and friendship, signed by my own hand.
+
+     I hope your health is good. China is a great empire,
+     extending over a great part of the world. The Chinese are
+     numerous. You have millions and millions of subjects. The
+     twenty-six United States are as large as China, though our
+     people are not so numerous. The rising sun looks upon the
+     great mountains and great rivers of China. When he sets he
+     looks upon mountains and rivers equally large in the United
+     States. Our territories extend from one great ocean to the
+     other; and on the west we are divided only from your domain
+     by the sea. Leaving the mouth of one of our great rivers and
+     going constantly towards the setting sun we sail to Japan
+     and the Yellow Sea.
+
+     Now, my words are that the governments of two such great
+     countries should be at peace. It is proper and according to
+     the will of heaven that they should respect each other and
+     act wisely. I therefore send to your Court Caleb Cushing one
+     of the wise and learned men of this country. On his first
+     arrival in China he will inquire for your health. He has
+     strict orders to go to your great city of Pekin and there
+     to deliver this letter. He will have with him secretaries
+     and interpreters.
+
+     The Chinese love to trade with our people and sell them tea
+     and silk for which our people pay silver and sometimes other
+     articles. But if the Chinese and Americans will trade there
+     should be rules so that they shall not break your laws or
+     our laws. Our minister, Caleb Cushing, is authorized to make
+     a treaty to regulate trade. Let it be just. Let there be no
+     unfair advantage on either side. Let the people trade not
+     only at Canton, but also at Amoy, Ningpo, Shanghai, Fushan
+     and all such other places as may offer profitable exchanges
+     both to China and the United States, provided they do not
+     break your laws or our laws. We shall not take the part of
+     the evil doers. We shall not uphold them that break your
+     laws. Therefore we doubt that you will be pleased that our
+     messenger of peace, with this letter in hand, shall come to
+     Pekin and there deliver it, and that your great officers
+     will, by your order, make a treaty with him to regulate the
+     affairs of trade, so that nothing may happen to disturb the
+     peace between China and America. Let the treaty be signed by
+     your own imperial hand. It shall be signed by mine, by the
+     authority of the great council, the Senate.
+
+     And so may your health be good and may peace reign.
+
+     Written at Washington this twelfth day of July, in the year
+     of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
+
+          Your good friend,
+
+               JOHN TYLER,
+               President.
+
+Mr. Cushing accordingly negotiated our first treaty with China on the 3d
+of July of the following year, and his ability at that time, as well as
+thereafter, won for him, irrespective of party affiliations, an enviable
+place in the history of American diplomacy. He was sent upon his mission
+to Spain in 1874 by the party which he had opposed from its first
+organization, and his diplomatic erudition was indispensable to the
+State Department during the Grant administration.
+
+Certain events in the career of Mr. Cushing serve to recall the days of
+Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Pierce, whose lives were clouded by a grief that
+saddened the whole of their subsequent career. A short time before
+Pierce's inauguration, the President-elect with Mrs. Pierce and their
+only son, a lad of immature years, were on their way to Andover in
+Massachusetts, when the child was accidentally killed. Mrs. Pierce never
+could be diverted from her all-absorbing sorrow, and I shall always
+remember the grief-stricken expression of this first Lady of the Land.
+Her maiden name was Jane Means Appleton, and she was the daughter of the
+Rev. Dr. Jesse Appleton, President of Bowdoin College. During the Pierce
+administration, Judge John Cadwalader, the father of the present John
+Cadwalader of Philadelphia, was a member of Congress. The son was then a
+mere lad, but he bore such a strong resemblance to the President's son
+that one day when Mrs. Pierce met him she was completely overcome. After
+this boy had become a man and had attained exceptional eminence at the
+bar, he feelingly alluded to this touching incident of his earlier days.
+
+I was very intimately acquainted with Elizabeth and Fanny MacNeil,
+President Pierce's nieces, who were occasional visitors at the White
+House. They were daughters of General John MacNeil, U.S.A., who had
+acquitted himself with distinction in the War of 1812. Elizabeth
+married, as before stated, General Henry W. Benham of the Engineer Corps
+of the Army, and Fanny became the wife of Colonel Chandler E. Potter,
+U.S.A. Dr. Thomas Miller was our family physician for many years. He
+came to Washington from Loudoun County, Virginia, and married Miss
+Virginia Collins Jones, daughter of Walter Jones, an eminent lawyer.
+During the Pierce administration he was physician to the President's
+family.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+MARRIAGE AND CONTINUED LIFE IN WASHINGTON
+
+
+I met my future father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., for the first
+time in Cold Spring, New York. Mr. Gouverneur, accompanied by his second
+wife, then a bride, who was Miss Mary Digges Lee, of Needwood, Frederick
+County, Maryland, and a granddaughter of Thomas Sim Lee, second Governor
+of the same state, was the guest of Gouverneur Kemble. When I first knew
+Mr. Gouverneur he possessed every gift that fortune as well as nature
+can bestow. To quote the words of Eliab Kingman, a lifelong friend of
+his and who for many years was the Nestor of the Washington press, "he
+even possessed a seductive voice." General Scott, prior to my marriage
+into the family, remarked to me that there "was something in Mr.
+Gouverneur lacking of greatness."
+
+The history of my husband's family is so well known that it seems almost
+superfluous to dwell upon it, but, as these reminiscences are purely
+personal, I may at least incidentally refer to it. Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+Sr., was the youngest child of Nicholas Gouverneur and his wife, Hester
+Kortright, a daughter of Lawrence Kortright, a prominent merchant of New
+York and at one time president of its Chamber of Commerce. He was
+graduated from Columbia College in New York in the class of 1817, and
+married his first cousin, Maria Hester Monroe, the younger daughter of
+James Monroe. This wedding took place in the East Room of the White
+House. My husband, Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr., was the youngest child of
+this alliance. _The National Intelligencer_ of March 11, 1820, contained
+the following brief marriage notice:
+
+     _Married_
+
+     On Thursday evening last [March 9th], in this City, by the
+     Reverend Mr. [William] Hawley, Samuel Laurence Gouverneur,
+     Esq., of New York, to Miss Maria Hester Monroe, youngest
+     daughter of James Monroe, President of the United States.
+
+For a number of years Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., was private secretary
+to his father-in-law, President Monroe. In 1825 he was a member of the
+New York Legislature, and from 1828 to 1836 Postmaster of the City of
+New York. For many years, like the gentlemen of his day and class, he
+was much interested in racehorses and at one time owned the famous
+horse, _Post Boy_. He was also deeply interested in the drama and it was
+partially through his efforts that many brilliant stars were brought to
+this country to perform at the Bowery Theater in New York, of which he
+was a partial owner. Among its other owners were Prosper M. Wetmore, the
+well-known author and regent of the University of the State of New York,
+and General James A. Hamilton, son of Alexander Hamilton and acting
+Secretary of State in 1829, under Jackson. Mr. Gouverneur was a man of
+decidedly social tastes and at one period of his life owned and occupied
+the De Menou buildings on H Street in Washington, where, during the life
+of his first wife, he gave some brilliant entertainments. It was from
+this house that his son, and my future husband, went to the Mexican War.
+Many years subsequent to my marriage I heard Rear Admiral John J. Almy,
+U.S.N., describe some of the entertainments given by the Gouverneur
+family, and he usually wound up his reminiscences by informing me that
+sixteen baskets of champagne were frequently consumed by the guests
+during a single evening. My old friend, Emily Mason, loved to refer to
+these parties and told me that she made her _d�but_ at one of them. The
+house was well adapted for entertainments, as there were four spacious
+drawing-rooms, two on each side of a long hall, one side being reserved
+for dancing.
+
+At the time of the Gouverneur-Monroe wedding the bride was but sixteen
+years of age, and many years younger than her only sister, Eliza, who
+was the wife of Judge George Hay of Virginia, the United States
+District-Attorney of that State, and the prosecuting officer at the
+trial of Aaron Burr. Mrs. Hay was educated in Paris at Madame Campan's
+celebrated school, where she was the associate and friend of Hortense de
+Beauharnais, subsequently the Queen of Holland and the mother of
+Napoleon III. The Rev. Dr. William Hawley, who performed the marriage
+ceremony of Miss Monroe and Mr. Gouverneur, was the rector of old St.
+John's Church in Washington. He was a gentleman of the old school and
+always wore knee breeches and shoe buckles. In the War of 1812 he
+commanded a company of divinity students in New York, enlisted for the
+protection of the city. It is said that when ordered to the frontier he
+refused to go and resigned his commission, and I have heard that
+Commodore Stephen Decatur refused to attend St. John's Church during his
+rectorship, because he said he did not care to listen to a man who
+refused to obey orders.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. JAMES MONROE, N�E KORTRIGHT, BY BENJAMIN WEST.
+
+_Original portrait owned by Mrs. Gouverneur._]
+
+Only the relatives and personal friends attended the Gouverneur-Monroe
+wedding at the White House; even the members of the Cabinet were not
+invited. The gallant General Thomas S. Jesup, one of the heroes of the
+War of 1812 and Subsistance Commissary General of the Army, acted as
+groomsman to Mr. Gouverneur. Two of his daughters, Mrs. James Blair and
+Mrs. Augustus S. Nicholson, still reside at the National Capital and are
+prominent "old Washingtonians." After this quiet wedding, Mr. and Mrs.
+Gouverneur left Washington upon a bridal tour and about a week later
+returned to the White House, where, at a reception, Mrs. Monroe gave up
+her place as hostess to mingle with her guests, while Mrs. Gouverneur
+received in her place. Commodore and Mrs. Stephen Decatur, who lived on
+Lafayette Square, gave the bride her first ball, and two mornings later,
+on the twenty-second of March, 1820, Decatur fought his fatal duel with
+Commodore James Barron and was brought home a corpse. "The bridal
+festivities," wrote Mrs. William Winston Seaton, wife of the editor of
+_The National Intelligencer_, "have received a check which will prevent
+any further attentions to the President's family, in the murder of
+Decatur." The invitations already sent out for an entertainment in honor
+of the bride and groom by Commodore David Porter, father of the late
+Admiral David D. Porter, U.S.N., were immediately countermanded.
+
+I never had the pleasure of knowing my mother-in-law, Mrs. Maria Hester
+Monroe Gouverneur, as she died some years before my marriage, but I
+learned to revere her through her son, whose tender regard for her was
+one of the absorbing affections of his life and changed the whole
+direction of his career. At an early age he was appointed a Lieutenant
+in the regular Army and served with distinction through the Mexican War
+in the Fourth Artillery. On one occasion subsequent to that conflict,
+while his mother was suffering from a protracted illness, he applied to
+the War Department for leave of absence in order that he might visit her
+sick bed; and when it was not granted he resigned his commission and
+thus sacrificed an enviable position to his sense of filial duty. Many
+years later, after my husband's decease, in looking over his papers I
+found these lines written by him just after his mother's death:--
+
+"A man through life has but _one_ true friend and that friend generally
+leaves him early. Man enters the lists of life but ere he has fought his
+way far that friend falls by his side; he never finds another so fond,
+so true, so faithful to the last--_His Mother_!"
+
+Mrs. Gouverneur was somewhat literary in her tastes and, like many
+others of her time, regarded it as an accomplishment to express herself
+in verse on sentimental occasions. One of my daughters, whom she never
+saw, owns the original manuscript of the following lines written as a
+tribute of friendship to the daughter of President John Tyler, at the
+time of her marriage:--
+
+    TO MISS TYLER ON HER WEDDING DAY.
+
+    The day, the happy day, has come
+      That gives you to your lover's arms;
+    Check not the tear or rising bloom
+      That springs from all those strange alarms.
+
+    To be a blest and happy wife
+      Is what all women wish to prove;
+    And may you know through all your life
+      The dear delights of wedded love.
+
+    'Tis not strange that you should feel
+      Confused in every thought and feeling;
+    Your bosom heave, the tear should steal
+      At thoughts of all the friends you're leaving.
+
+    Happy girl may your life prove,
+      All sunshine, joy and purest pleasure;
+    One long, long day of happy love,
+      Your husband's joy, his greatest treasure.
+
+    Be to him all that woman ought,
+      In joy and health and every sorrow;
+    Let his true pleasures be only sought
+      With you to-day, with you to-morrow.
+
+    Believe not that in palace walls
+      'Tis only there that joy you'll find;
+    At home with friends in your own halls
+      There's more content and peace of mind.
+
+    More splendor you may find 'tis true,
+      And glitter, show, and elevation,
+    But if the world of you speak true,
+      You prize not wealth or this high station.
+
+    Your heart's too pure, your mind too high,
+      To prize such empty pomp and state;
+    You leave such scenes without a sigh
+      To court the joys that on you wait.
+
+After meeting Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur, my future husband's father and
+his second wife, at Cold Spring, I renewed my acquaintance with them in
+Washington, where they were living in an old-fashioned house on New York
+Avenue, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets. We often welcomed Mrs.
+Gouverneur as a guest at our Washington home and I was subsequently
+invited to visit her at their country seat, Needwood, Frederick County,
+Maryland, located upon a tract of land chiefly composed of large farms
+at one time owned exclusively by the Lee family. I quote Mrs.
+Gouverneur's graceful letter of invitation:--
+
+     My dear Miss Campbell,
+
+     I can not refrain from writing to remind you of your promise
+     to us; this must be about the time fixed upon, (at least we
+     all feel as if it was), and the season is so delightful, not
+     to mention the strawberries which will be in great
+     perfection this week--these reasons, together with our great
+     desire to see you, determined me to give you warning that we
+     are surely expecting you, and hope to hear very soon from
+     you to say when we may send to the _Knoxville_ depot for
+     you. I would be so much gratified if Mrs. Eames would come
+     with you; it would give us all the sincerest pleasure, and I
+     do not think that such a journey would be injurious. You
+     leave Washington to come here on the early (6 o'clock)
+     train, get out at the Relay House, and wait until the
+     western cars pass, (about 8 o'clock), get into them, and
+     reach Knoxville at 12 o'clock. So you see that altogether
+     you have only six hours, and you rest more than half an hour
+     at the Relay House. From Knoxville our carriage brings you
+     to "Needwood" in less than an hour. If there is any
+     gentleman you would like to come as an escort Mr. G. and
+     myself will be most happy to see him. Dr. Jones, you know,
+     does intend to travel about a little and said he would come
+     to see us; perhaps he will come with you, or Mr. Hibbard I
+     should be most happy to see--anyone in short whom you choose
+     to bring will be most welcome. Tell Mr. Hibbard I read his
+     speech and admired it as I presume everyone does. Good-bye,
+     dear Miss Campbell. I hope you will aid me in persuading
+     Mrs. Eames to come with you. My warmest regards to Mrs.
+     Campbell and your sisters, in which my sister [Mrs. Eugene
+     H. Lynch] and Mr. Gouverneur unite.
+
+          Believe me, yours most truly,
+
+               M. D. GOUVERNEUR.
+
+     Needwood, May 22nd, 1854.
+
+I accepted the invitation and, while I was Mrs. Gouverneur's guest, my
+sister Margaret was visiting one of the adjoining places at the home of
+Colonel John Lee, whose wife's maiden name was Harriet Carroll. She was
+a granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and their home was the
+former residence of another ancestor, Governor Thomas Sim Lee of
+Maryland. During my visit at Needwood I renewed the acquaintance of my
+future husband, which I had formed a number of years before at the
+wedding of Miss Fanny Monroe and Douglas Robinson, of which I have
+previously spoken. It is unnecessary to refer to his appearance, which I
+have already described, but I am sure it is not unnatural for me to add
+that a year after the conclusion of the Mexican War he was brevetted for
+gallantry and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and
+Churubusco. While his general bearing spoke well for his military
+training, his mind was a storehouse of information which I learned to
+appreciate more and more as the years rolled by. But of all his fine
+characteristics I valued and revered him most for his fine sense of
+honor and sterling integrity. Like his mother, Mr. Gouverneur was
+literary in his tastes and occasionally gave vent to his feelings in
+verse. In 1852 Oak Hill, the stately old Monroe place in Virginia where
+he had spent much of his early life, was about to pass out of the
+family. He was naturally much distressed over the sale of the home so
+intimately associated with his childhood's memory, and a few days prior
+to his final departure wrote the following lines. In after years nothing
+could ever induce him to visit Oak Hill.
+
+    FAREWELL TO OAK HILL, 1852, ON DEPARTING THENCE.
+
+    The autumn rains are falling fast,
+    Earth, the heavens are overcast;
+    The rushing winds mournful sigh,
+    Whispering, alas! good-bye;
+    To each fond remembrance farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+    The mighty oaks beneath whose shade
+    In boyhood's happier hours I've played,
+    Bend to the mountain blast's wild sweep,
+    Scattering spray they seem to weep;
+    To each moss-grown tree farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+    The little mound now wild o'ergrown,
+    On the bosom of which my tears have oft flown,
+    Where my mother beside her mother lies sleeping,
+    O'er them the rank grass, bright dew drops are weeping;
+    To that hallowed spot farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+    Oh, home of my boyhood, why must I depart?
+    Tears I am shedding and wild throbs my heart;
+    Home of my manhood, oh! would I had died
+    And lain me to rest by my dead mother's side,
+    Ere my tongue could have uttered farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+Mr. Gouverneur's pathetic allusion to the graves of his mother and
+grandmother affords me an opportunity of saying that in 1903 the
+Legislature of Virginia appropriated a sum of money sufficient to
+remove the remains of Mrs. Monroe and her daughter, Mrs. Gouverneur,
+from Oak Hill. They now rest in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia,
+on opposite sides of the grave of James Monroe.
+
+The friendship of Mr. Gouverneur and myself ripened into a deep
+affection, and the winter following my visit to Needwood we announced
+our engagement. I was warmly welcomed into the Gouverneur family, as
+will appear from the following letter:
+
+     I can not longer defer, my dear Marian, expressing the great
+     gratification I experienced when Sam informed me of his
+     happiness in having gained your heart. It is most agreeable
+     to me that you of all the women I know should be the object
+     of his choice. How little I anticipated such a result from
+     the short visit you made us last summer. Sam is in an
+     Elysium of bliss. I have lately had a charming letter from
+     him, of course all about his lady love. I think you too have
+     every reason to anticipate a life of happiness, not more
+     marred than we must all look for in this world. Sam is very
+     warm-hearted and affectionate and possesses a fine mind, as
+     you know, and when he marries, you will have nothing to wish
+     for. These are his own sentiments and I assure you I
+     entirely agree with him.
+
+     Mr. Gouverneur is greatly gratified and both wrote and told
+     me how nobly you expressed yourself to him.
+
+     I am going to Baltimore to-day to meet Mr. G. and perhaps
+     may go to Washington. If I do you will see me soon after I
+     arrive there. I feel as if I should like so much to talk to
+     my future daughter. I take the warmest interest in
+     everything concerning Sam's happiness, and my heart is now
+     overflowing with thankfulness to you for having contributed
+     so much to it.
+
+     Please remember me in the kindest manner to your mother,
+     whose warm hospitality I have not forgotten, and to the
+     girls. My sincere congratulations to Margaret who Mary
+     [Lee] writes me is as happy as the day is long. Ellen
+     desires me to present her congratulations to you and
+     Margaret.
+
+          Believe me, very sincerely yours,
+
+               M. D. GOUVERNEUR.
+
+     Needwood, Feb. 14th.
+
+I was married in Washington in the old G Street house, and the occasion
+was made especially festive by the presence of many friends from out of
+town. We were married by the Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, rector of St. John's
+Episcopal Church, and I recall his nervous state of mind, owing to the
+fact that he had forgotten to inquire whether a marriage license had
+been procured; but when he was assured that everything was in due form
+he was quite himself again. Among those who came from New York to attend
+the wedding were General Scott; my father's old friend and associate,
+Hugh Maxwell; his daughter, now the wife of Rear Admiral John H. Upshur,
+U.S.N.; and Miss Sally Strother and her mother. Miss Emily Harper and
+Mrs. Solomon B. Davies, who was Miss Bettie Monroe, my husband's
+relative, came from Baltimore and, of course, Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur
+and Miss Mary Lee from Needwood were also present.
+
+My own family circle was small, as my sister, Mrs. Eames, and her young
+children were in Venezuela, where her husband was the U.S. Minister; but
+I was married in the presence of my mother, my two younger sisters,
+Margaret and Charlotte, and my brothers, James and Malcolm. Mr.
+Gouverneur's only sister, Elizabeth, who some years before had married
+Dr. Henry Lee Heiskell, Assistant Surgeon General of the Army,
+accompanied by her husband and son, the late James Monroe Heiskell, of
+Baltimore, a handsome and promising youth, were also there. Among the
+other guests were Charles Sumner, Caleb Cushing and Stephen A. Douglas,
+none of whom at that time were married; Peter Grayson Washington, then
+Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, and a relative of my husband; Miss
+Katharine Maria Wright, who shortly thereafter married Baron J. C.
+Gevers, _Charg� d'affaires_ from Holland; her brother, Edward Wright, of
+Newark; John G. Floyd of Long Island; James Guthrie, Secretary of the
+Treasury, and his two daughters; William L. Marcy, Secretary of State,
+and his wife; their daughter, Miss Cornelia Marcy, subsequently Mrs.
+Edmund Pendleton; Baron von Grabow and Alexandre Gau of the Prussian
+Legation, the latter of whom married my sister, Margaret, the following
+year; Mr. and Mrs. William T. Carroll; Lieutenant (subsequently Rear
+Admiral) James S. Palmer of the Navy; Jerome E. Kidder of Boston, and
+General William J. Hardee, U.S.A.
+
+A few days before my marriage I received the following letter from
+Edward Everett:--
+
+     BOSTON, 23 Feb.
+
+     My dear Miss Campbell,
+
+     I had much pleasure in receiving this morning Mrs.
+     Campbell's invitation and your kind note of the 20th. I am
+     greatly indebted to you for remembering me on an occasion of
+     so much interest and importance, and I beg to offer you my
+     sincere congratulations.
+
+     Greatly would it rejoice me to be able to avail myself of
+     your invitation to be present at your nuptials.
+
+     But the state of my health and of my family makes this
+     impossible. But I shall certainly be with you in spirit, and
+     with cordial wishes for your happiness.
+
+     Praying my kindest remembrance to your mother and sisters, I
+     remain,
+
+          my dear Miss Campbell,
+
+               Sincerely your friend,
+
+                    EDWARD EVERETT.
+
+     P.S. I suppose you saw in the papers a day or two ago that
+     poor Miss Russell is gone.
+
+The Miss Russell referred to by Mr. Everett was Miss Ida Russell, one
+of three handsome and brilliant sisters prominent in Boston in the
+society of the day.
+
+Soon after my marriage my husband and I made a round of visits to his
+numerous family connections. It is with more than usual pleasure that I
+recall the beautiful old home of Mr. Gouverneur's aunt, Mrs. Thomas
+Cadwalader, near Trenton, which a few years later was destroyed by fire.
+A guest of the Cadwaladers at the same time with ourselves was my
+husband's first cousin, the Rev. Robert Livingston Tillotson of New
+York, who studied for the Episcopal ministry and subsequently entered
+the Roman Catholic priesthood.
+
+From Trenton, we journeyed to Yonkers, New York, to visit the Van
+Cortlandt family at the historic manor-house in that vicinity. It was
+then owned and occupied by Mr. Gouverneur's relatives, Dr. Edward N.
+Bibby and his son, Augustus, the latter of whom had recently changed his
+name from Bibby to Van Cortlandt, as a consideration for the inheritance
+of this fine old estate. Dr. Bibby married Miss Augusta White of the Van
+Cortlandt descent, and for many years was a prominent physician in New
+York City. When I visited the family, he had retired from active
+practice and was enjoying a serene old age surrounded by his children
+and grandchildren. Henry Warburton Bibby, the Doctor's second son, was
+also one of this household at the time of our visit. He never married
+but retained his social tastes until his death a few years ago.
+
+In the drawing-room of the Van Cortlandt home stood a superb pair of
+brass andirons in the form of lions, which had been presented to Mrs.
+Augustus Van Cortlandt by my husband's mother as a bridal present. They
+had been brought by James Monroe upon his return from France, where he
+had been sent upon his historic diplomatic mission by Washington. The
+style of life led by the Van Cortlandt family was fascinating to me as,
+even at this late date, they clung to many of the old family customs
+inherited from their ancestors. Our next visit was to the cottage of
+William Kemble in Cold Spring, and it seemed to me like returning to an
+old and familiar haunt. My marriage into the Gouverneur family added
+another link in the chain of friendship attaching me to the members of
+the Kemble family, as they were relatives of my husband. I was
+entertained while there by the whole family connection, and I recall
+with especial pleasure the dinner parties at Gouverneur Kemble's and at
+Mrs. Robert P. Parrott's. Martin Van Buren was visiting "Uncle Gouv" at
+the time, and I was highly gratified to meet him again, as his presence
+not only revived memories of childhood's days during my father's
+lifetime in New York, but also materially assisted in rendering the
+entertainments given in my honor at Cold Spring unusually delightful.
+From Cold Spring we drove to The Grange, near Garrison's, another
+homestead familiar to me in former days, and the residence of Frederick
+Philipse, where I renewed my acquaintance with old friends who now
+greeted me as a relative. At this beautiful home I saw a pair of
+andirons even handsomer than those at the Van Cortlandt mansion. They
+were at least two feet high and represented trumpeters. The historic
+house was replete with ancestral furniture and fine old portraits, one
+of which was attributed to Vandyke.
+
+The whole Philipse and Gouverneur connection at Garrison's were devoted
+Episcopalians and were largely instrumental in building a fine church at
+Garrison's, which they named St. Philips. In more recent years a
+congregation of prominent families has worshiped in this edifice--among
+others, the Fishes, Ardens, Livingstons, Osborns and Sloanes. For many
+years the beloved rector of this church was the Rev. Dr. Charles F.
+Hoffman, a gentleman of great wealth and much scholarly ability. He and
+his brother, the late Rev. Dr. Eugene A. Hoffman, Dean of the General
+Theological Seminary in New York, devoted their lives and fortunes to
+the cause of religion. Residents of New York are familiar with All
+Angels Church, built by the late Rev. Dr. Charles F. Hoffman on West End
+Avenue, of which he was rector for a number of years. During his life at
+Garrison's, both Dr. and Mrs. Hoffman were very acceptable to my
+husband's relatives, especially as the Doctor was connected with the
+family by right of descent from a Gouverneur forbear. Charles F. Hoffman
+married Miss Eleanor Louisa Vail, a daughter of David M. Vail of New
+Brunswick, New Jersey, who in every way proved herself an able helpmeet
+to him. Mrs. Hoffman was educated at Miss Hannah Hoyt's school in New
+Brunswick, a fashionable institution of the day, and at a reunion of the
+scholars held in recent years, she was mentioned in the following
+appropriate manner: "Nearly half a century ago, in the well-known Miss
+Hoyt's school, was Eleanor Louisa Vail who was noted for her good
+lessons and considerate ways towards all. She never overlooked those who
+were less fortunate than herself, but gave aid to any who needed it,
+either in their lessons or in a more substantial form. In the wider
+circle of New York the benevolent Mrs. Hoffman, the wife of the late
+generous rector of All Angels Church, but fulfilled the promise made by
+the beautiful girl of former days." Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman's
+daughter, Mrs. J. Van Vechten Olcott, is as beloved in her generation as
+her mother was before her.
+
+Samuel Mongan Warburton Gouverneur, a younger brother of Frederick
+Philipse, was living at The Grange at the time of my visit. Some years
+later he built a handsome house in the neighborhood which he called
+"Eagle's Rest," and resided there with his sister, Miss Mary Marston
+Gouverneur. After his death, the place was sold to the late Louis
+Fitzgerald, who made it his home.
+
+After six months spent in the mountainous regions of Maryland, not far
+from Cumberland, on property owned by my husband's family, Mr.
+Gouverneur and I returned to Washington and began our married life in my
+mother's home. Soon after we had settled down, my eldest daughter was
+born. The death of my sister, Mrs. Alexandre Gau, from typhoid fever
+soon followed. It was naturally a terrible shock to us all and
+especially to me, as we were near of an age and our lives had been side
+by side from infancy. My mother, in her great affliction, broke up her
+home and Mr. Gouverneur and I rented a house on Twelfth Street, near N
+Street, a locality then regarded as quite suburban. Here I endeavored to
+live in the closest retirement, as the meeting with friends of former
+days only served to bring my sorrow more keenly before me.
+
+Meanwhile my whole life was devoted to the little girl whom we had named
+Maud Campbell, and who, of course, had become "part and parcel" of my
+quiet life. Mr. Gouverneur was the last surviving member of his family
+in the male line, and the whole family connection was looking to me to
+perpetuate his name. Soon after the birth of my daughter my husband
+received the following characteristic letter from Mr. Gouverneur's aunt,
+Mrs. David Johnstone Verplanck, who before her marriage was Louisa A.
+Gouverneur, a gifted woman whose home was in New York:
+
+     THURSDAY, April 10th.
+
+     My dear Sam,
+
+     In return for your kind recollections I hasten to offer my
+     most sincere congratulations to yourself and Mrs. G. As
+     husband and father you have now realized all the romance of
+     life, the pleasures of which I have little doubt you already
+     begin to feel deeply intermingled with many anxious hours.
+     It is wisest and best to enjoy all that good fortune sends
+     and fortify ourselves to meet and endure the trials to which
+     our Destiny has allotted.
+
+     Tell Mrs. G. that we must send for the girdle the old woman
+     sent the Empress Eug�nie. She had a succession of seven
+     sons, and requested her to wear it for luck. As it was very
+     dirty the royal lady sent it back. It might be procured and
+     undergo the purifying influence of water. All I can say at
+     present to console your disappointment I hope a son will
+     soon consummate all your joys and wishes. You know it rests
+     with you to keep the name of Gouverneur in the land of the
+     living. It is nearly extinct and you its only salvation.
+
+     I regret to hear your father is unwell at Barnum's [Hotel,
+     Baltimore]. I hope he will soon be with us. I long to see
+     him.
+
+          Believe me always your friend,
+
+               LOUISA VERPLANCK.
+
+I also append a letter received by Mr. Gouverneur from Mrs. William
+Kemble (Margaret Chatham Seth), which recalled many tender associations.
+
+     NEW YORK 11th April.
+
+     I need not tell you, my dear friend, how much we were all
+     gratified by your kind remembrance of us, in the midst of
+     your own anxiety and joy, to give us the first news of our
+     dear Marian's safety. Give my very best love to her and a
+     kiss to Miss Gouverneur with whom I hope to be better
+     acquainted hereafter.
+
+     Mr. and Mrs. Nourse with our dear little Charlie left us
+     yesterday for Washington. You will probably see them before
+     you receive this. I feel assured that Marian is blessed in
+     being with her mother who has every experience necessary for
+     her. Therefore it is idle for me to give my advice but I
+     must say, keep her quiet, not to be too smart or anxious to
+     show her baby--at first--and she will be better able to do
+     it afterwards. May God bless you all three and that this
+     dear pledge committed to your charge be to you both every
+     comfort and joy that your anxious hearts can wish. Please to
+     give my best regards and wishes to Mrs. Campbell and her
+     daughter from
+
+          your sincerely attached friend and cousin,
+
+               M. C. KEMBLE.
+
+On the corner of Fourteenth and P Streets, and not far from our home,
+was the residence of Eliab Kingman, an intimate friend of Mr.
+Gouverneur's father. This locality, now such a business center, was
+decidedly rural, and Mr. Kingman's quaint and old-fashioned house was in
+the middle of a small farm. It was an oddly constructed dwelling and the
+interior was made unusually attractive by its wealth of curios, among
+which was a large collection of Indian relics. After his death I
+attended an auction held in the old home and I remember that these
+curiosities were purchased by Ben Perley Poore, the well-known
+journalist. Although many years his senior, my husband found Mr. Kingman
+and his home a source of great pleasure to him, and he formed an
+attachment for his father's early friend which lasted through life. The
+Kingman house was the rendezvous of both literary and political circles.
+William H. Seward was one of its frequent visitors and I once heard him
+wittily remark that it might appropriately be worshiped, as it resembled
+nothing "that is in the Heaven above, or in the earth beneath, or the
+water under the earth." For a number of years Mr. Kingman was a
+correspondent of _The Baltimore Sun_ under the _nom de plume_ of "Ion."
+His communications were entirely confined to political topics and he was
+such a skilled diplomatist that the adherents of either party, after
+perusing them, might easily recognize him as their own advocate. Thomas
+Seaton Donoho, of whom I shall speak presently, was a warm friend of Mr.
+Kingman and the constant recipient of his hospitality. Among his poems
+is a graceful sonnet entitled
+
+    E. KINGMAN.
+
+    Ever will I remember with delight
+      Strawberry Knoll; not for the berries red,
+      As, ere my time, the vines were out of bed,
+    And gone; but many a day and many a night
+    Have given me argument to love it well,
+      Whether in Summer, 'neath its perfumed shade,
+      Whether by moonlight's magic wand arrayed,
+    Or when in Winter's lap the rose leaves fell,
+    For pleasant faces ever there were found,
+      For genial welcome ever met me there,
+    And thou, my friend, when thought went smiling round,
+      Madest her calm look, reflecting thine, more fair.
+    Those who have known thee as a Statesman, know
+    Thy noon-day: I have felt thy great heart's sunset glow!
+
+Mr. Kingman married Miss Cordelia Ewell of Virginia, a relative of
+General Richard S. Ewell of the Confederate Army. She was in some
+respects a remarkable character, a "dyed-in-the-wool" Southerner and a
+woman of unusual personal charm and ability. In dress, manner and
+general appearance she presented a fitting reminder of the _grande dame_
+of long ago. Her style of dress reminded one of the Quaker school. Her
+gray gown with a white kerchief crossed neatly upon her breast and her
+gray hair with puffs clustered around her ears, together with her quaint
+manner of courtesying as she greeted her guests, suggested the familiar
+setting of an old-fashioned picture. She was an accomplished performer
+upon the harp as well as an authority upon old English literature. In
+all the years I knew her I never heard of her leaving her house. She had
+no children and her constant companion was a venerable parrot.
+
+John Savage, familiarly known as "Jack" Savage, was an intimate friend
+of the Kingmans and also a frequent guest of ours. He was an Irish
+patriot of 1848 and was remarkable for his versatility. He had a fine
+voice, and I remember seeing him on one occasion hold his audience
+spell-bound while singing "The Temptation of St. Anthony." He was an
+accomplished journalist and the author of several books, one of which,
+"The Modern Revolutionary History and Literature of Ireland," has been
+pronounced the best work extant "on the last great revolutionary era of
+the Irish race."
+
+After the Civil War I often met at Mr. Kingman's house General Benjamin
+F. Butler, whose withering gift of sarcasm is still remembered. Simon
+Cameron, Lincoln's first Secretary of War, was also a frequent visitor
+there. He was an unusually genial and cordial gentleman, and some years
+later Mr. Kingman and my husband, upon his urgent invitation, visited
+him at his handsome country place, Lochiel, in Pennsylvania. His fine
+graperies made such a vivid impression upon my husband that his
+description of them almost enabled me to see the luscious fruit itself
+before me.
+
+My old friends, Purser Horatio Bridge, U.S.N., and his wife, lived on
+the corner of K and Fourteenth Streets at a hotel then known as the
+Rugby House. Mrs. Bridge was a sister of the famous beauty, Miss Emily
+Marshall, who married Harrison Gray Otis of Boston. Mr. Bridge, while on
+the active list, had been stationed for a time in Washington and,
+finding the life congenial and attractive, returned here after his
+retirement and with his wife made his home at the Rugby House. While
+there the hotel was offered for sale and was bought by Mr. Bridge, who
+enlarged it and changed its name to The Hamilton, in compliment to Mrs.
+Hamilton Holly, an intimate friend of Mrs. Bridge and the daughter of
+Alexander Hamilton. Mrs. Holly, my old and cherished friend, lived in a
+picturesque cottage on I Street, on the site of the present Russian
+embassy, where so many years later the wife and daughter of Benjamin F.
+Tracy, Harrison's Secretary of the Navy, lost their lives in a fire that
+destroyed the house. Among the attractions of this home was a remarkable
+collection of Hamilton relics which subsequent to Mrs. Holly's death was
+sold at public auction. The sale, however, did not attract any
+particular attention, as the craze for antiques had not yet developed
+and the souvenir fiend was then unknown.
+
+It was while I was living on Twelfth Street that I first met Miss
+Margaret Edes, so well known in after years to Washingtonians. She was
+visiting her relatives, the Donoho family, which lived in my immediate
+vicinity. Her host's father was connected with _The National
+Intelligencer_, and the son, Thomas Seaton Donoho, was named after
+William Winston Seaton, one of its editors. Thomas Seaton Donoho was a
+truly interesting character. He was decidedly romantic in his ideas and
+many incidents of his life were curiously associated with the ivy vine.
+He planted a sprig of it in front of his three-story house, which was
+built very much upon the plan of every other dwelling in the
+neighborhood, and called his abode "Ivy Hall"; while his property in the
+vicinity of Washington he named "Ivy City," a locality so well known
+to-day by the same name to the sporting fraternity. His book of poems,
+published in Washington in 1860, is entitled "Ivy-wall"; and, to cap the
+climax, when a girl was born into the Donoho family she was baptized in
+mid-ocean as "Atlantic May Ivy." In addition to his poems, he published,
+in 1850, a drama in three acts, entitled, "Goldsmith of Padua," and two
+years later "Oliver Cromwell," a tragedy in five acts.
+
+Soon after my marriage, Mr. Gouverneur acted as one of the pallbearers
+at the funeral of his early friend, Gales Seaton, the son of William
+Winston Seaton, and a most accomplished man of affairs. In those days
+honorary pallbearers were unknown and the coffin was borne to the grave
+by those with whom the deceased had been most intimately associated. The
+Seatons owned a family vault, and the body was carried down into it by
+Mr. Seaton's old friends. After the funeral I heard Mr. Gouverneur speak
+of observing a coffin which held the remains of Mrs. Francis Schroeder,
+who was Miss Caroline Seaton, and whose husband, the father of Rear
+Admiral Seaton Schroeder, U.S.N., was at one time U.S. Minister to
+Sweden and Norway. Seaton Munroe, a nephew of Gales Seaton, was
+prominent in Washington society. He never married and many persons
+regarded him as the Ward McAllister of the Capital. When Colonel Sanford
+C. Kellogg, U.S.A., then military _attach�_ of the U.S. Embassy in
+Paris, heard of Munroe's death, he wrote to a mutual friend: "I do not
+believe the man lives who has done more for the happiness and welfare of
+others than Seaton Munroe." He was one of the prominent founders of the
+Metropolitan Club, which commenced its career in the old Morris house on
+the corner of Vermont Avenue and H Street; and later, when it moved to
+the Graham residence on the corner of Fifteenth and H Streets, he
+continued to be one of its most popular and influential members.
+
+In April, 1858, occurred the famous Gwin ball, so readily recalled by
+old Washingtonians. It was a fancy-dress affair, and it was the
+intention of Senator and Mrs. William McKendree Gwin of California that
+it should be the most brilliant of its kind that the National Capital
+had ever known. Of course Mr. Gouverneur and I did not attend, owing to
+my deep mourning, but I shall always remember the pleasure and amusement
+we derived in dressing Mr. Kingman for the occasion. We decked him out
+in the old court dress which Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, James Monroe,
+wore during his diplomatic mission in France. As luck would have it the
+suit fitted him perfectly, and the next day it was quite as gratifying
+to us as to Mr. Kingman to hear that the costume attracted marked
+attention.
+
+The ball was rightly adjudged a brilliant success. Among the guests was
+President Buchanan, though not, of course, in fancy dress. Senator Gwin
+represented Louis Quatorze; Ben Perley Poore, "Major Jack Downing"; Lord
+Napier, George Hammond--the first British Minister to the United States;
+Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas, Aurora; Mrs. Jefferson Davis, Madame de Sta�l;
+and so on down the list. It is probable that the wife of Senator
+Clement C. Clay, of Alabama, who represented Mrs. Partington, attracted
+more attention and afforded more amusement than any other guest.
+Washington had fairly teemed with her brilliant repartee and other
+bright sayings, and upon this occasion she was, if possible, more than
+ever in her element. She had a witty encounter with the President and a
+familiar home-thrust for all whom she encountered. Many of the public
+characters present, when lashed by her sparkling humor, were either
+unable or unwilling to respond. She was accompanied by "Ike," Mrs.
+Partington's son, impersonated by a clever youth of ten years, son of
+John M. Sandidge of Louisiana. Mr. John Von Sonntag Haviland, formerly
+of the U.S. Army, wrote a metrical description of this ball, and in
+referring to Mrs. Clay, thus expresses himself:--
+
+    Mark how the grace that gilds an honored name,
+    Gives a strange zest to that loquacious dame
+    Whose ready tongue and easy blundering wit
+    Provoke fresh uproar at each happy hit!
+    Note how her humour into strange grimace
+    Tempts the smooth meekness of yon Quaker's face.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    But--denser grows the crowd round Partington;
+    'Twere vain to try to name them one by one.
+
+Mr. Haviland added this to the above:--"Mrs. Senator Clay, with knitting
+in hand, snuff-box in pocket, and 'Ike, the Inevitable,' by her side,
+acted out her difficult character so as to win the unanimous verdict
+that her personation of the loquacious _mal-aprops_ dame was the leading
+feature of the evening's entertainment. Go where she would through the
+spacious halls, a crowd of eager listeners followed her footsteps,
+drinking in her instant repartees, which were really superior in wit and
+appositeness, and, indeed, in the vein of the famous dame's _caco�thes_,
+even to the original contribution of Shillaber to the nonsensical
+literature of the day."
+
+One of the guests at this ball was the wife of the late Major General
+William H. Emery, U.S.A., whose maiden name was Matilda Bache. She was
+arrayed for the evening in the garb of a Quakeress, and it is to her
+that Mr. Haviland alludes in his reference to the "smooth meekness of
+yon Quaker's face."
+
+At the commencement of the Civil War, Senator Gwin was arrested on a
+charge of disloyalty and imprisoned until 1863. He then went to Paris,
+where he became interested in a scheme for the colonization by
+Southerners of the State of Sonora in Mexico, in consequence of which he
+was sometimes facetiously called the "Duke of Sonora." While thus
+engaged, he was invited to meet the Emperor, Napoleon III., in private
+audience, and succeeded in enlisting his sympathies. It is said that,
+upon the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he formulated a
+plan for the colony which, after receiving the Emperor's approval, was
+submitted to Maximilian. The latter was then in Paris and requested Mr.
+Gwin's attendance at the Tuileries where, after diligent inquiry, the
+scheme received the approbation of Maximilian. Two weeks after the
+departure of the latter for Mexico, Mr. Gwin left for the same country,
+carrying with him an autograph letter of Napoleon III. to Marshal
+Bazaine. The scheme, however, received no encouragement from the latter,
+and Maximilian failed to give him any satisfactory assurances of his
+support. Returning to France in 1865, he secured an audience with the
+Emperor, to whom he exposed the condition of affairs in Mexico. Napoleon
+urged him to return to that country immediately with a peremptory order
+to Marshal Bazaine to supply a military force adequate to accomplish the
+project. This request was complied with but Mr. Gwin, after meeting with
+no success, demanded an escort to accompany him out of the country. This
+was promptly furnished, and he returned to his home in California.
+
+It seems fitting in this connection to speak of a brilliant ball in
+Washington in 1824. Although, of course, I do not remember it, I have
+heard of it all my life and have gathered here and there certain facts
+of interest concerning it, some of which are not easily accessible. I
+refer to the ball given by Mrs. John Quincy Adams, whose husband was
+then Secretary of State under Monroe. Mrs. Adams' maiden name was Louisa
+Catharine Johnson and she was a daughter of Joshua Johnson, who served
+as our first United States Consul at London, and a niece of Thomas
+Johnson of Maryland. She gave receptions in Washington on Tuesday
+evenings which were attended by many of the most distinguished men and
+women of the day. This period, in fact, is generally regarded as,
+perhaps, the most brilliant era in Washington society. A generous
+hospitality was dispensed by such men as Madison, Monroe, Adams,
+Calhoun, Wirt, Rush, Southard, General Winfield Scott and General
+Alexander Macomb. The British _Charg� d'affaires_ at this time was Henry
+Unwin Addington. The Russian Minister was the Baron de Tuyll; while
+France, Spain and Portugal were represented by gentlemen of
+distinguished manners and rare accomplishments. The illustrious John
+Marshall was Chief Justice, with Joseph Story, Bushrod Washington, Smith
+Thompson and other eminent jurists by his side. In Congress were such
+men as Henry Clay, William Gaston, Rufus King, Daniel Webster, Andrew
+Jackson, Thomas H. Benton, William Jones Lowndes, John Jordan Crittenden
+and Harrison Gray Otis; while the Navy was represented by Stephen
+Decatur, David Porter, John Rodgers, Lewis Warrington, Charles Stewart,
+Charles Morris and others, some of whom made their permanent home at the
+Capital.
+
+The ball given by the Secretary of State and Mrs. Adams was in honor of
+General Andrew Jackson, and was not only an expression of the pleasant
+personal relations existing between John Quincy Adams and Jackson only
+shortly before the former defeated the latter for the Presidency, but
+also a pleasing picture of Washington society at that time. General
+Jackson was naturally the hero of the occasion, and there was a throng
+of guests not only from Washington but also from Baltimore, Richmond and
+other cities. A current newspaper of the day published a metrical
+description of the event, written by John T. Agg:
+
+    MRS. ADAMS' BALL.
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Brown and fair and wise and witty,
+    Eyes that float in seas of light,
+      Laughing mouths and dimples pretty,
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams';
+    There the mist of the future, the gloom of the past,
+      All melt into light at the warm glance of pleasure,
+    And the only regret is lest melting too fast,
+      Mammas should move off in the midst of a measure.
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Sixty gray, and giddy twenty,
+    Flirts that court and prudes that slight,
+      State coquettes and spinsters plenty;
+    Mrs. Sullivan is there
+      With all the charm that nature lent her;
+    Gay McKim with city air,
+      And winning Gales and Vandeventer;
+    Forsyth, with her group of graces;
+      Both the Crowninshields in blue;
+    The Pierces, with their heavenly faces,
+      And eyes like suns that dazzle through;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      East and West and South and North,
+    Form a constellation bright,
+      And pour a splendid brilliance forth.
+    See the tide of fashion flowing,
+      'Tis the noon of beauty's reign,
+    Webster, Hamiltons are going,
+      Eastern Floyd and Southern Hayne;
+    Western Thomas, gayly smiling,
+      Borland, nature's prot�g�,
+    Young De Wolfe, all hearts beguiling,
+      Morgan, Benton, Brown and Lee;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,'
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Where blue eyes are brightly glancing,
+    While to measures of delight
+      Fairy feet are deftly dancing;
+    Where the young Euphrosyne
+      Reigns the mistress of the scene,
+    Chasing gloom, and courting glee,
+      With the merry tambourine;
+    Many a form of fairy birth,
+      Many a Hebe, yet unwon,
+    Wirt, a gem of purest worth,
+      Lively, laughing Pleasanton;
+    Vails and Tayloe will be there,
+    Gay Monroe so debonair,
+    Hellen, pleasure's harbinger,
+    Ramsay, Cottringers and Kerr;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Juno in her court presides,
+    Mirth and melody invite,
+      Fashion points, and pleasure guides;
+    Haste away then, seize the hour,
+    Shun the thorn and pluck the flower.
+    Youth, in all its spring-time blooming,
+    Age the guise of youth assuming,
+    Wit through all its circles gleaming,
+    Glittering wealth and beauty beaming;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+The "Mrs. Sullivan" referred to was Sarah Bowdoin Winthrop, the wife of
+George Sullivan of Boston, son of Governor James Sullivan of
+Massachusetts; while "Winning Gales" was the wife of Joseph Gales,
+editor of _The National Intelligencer_. "Forsyth" was the wife of
+Senator John Forsyth of Georgia, who subsequently served as Secretary of
+State during Jackson's administration; and "the Crowninshields in blue"
+were daughters of Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Secretary of the Navy under
+Madison and Monroe. "The Pierces, with their heavenly faces," were
+handsome Boston women who in after life became converts to the Roman
+Catholic faith and entered convents. The "Vails" were Eugene and Aaron
+Vail, who were prot�g�s of Senator William H. Crawford, of Georgia. They
+married sisters, daughters of Laurent Salles, a wealthy Frenchman living
+in New York. Aaron Vail accompanied Martin Van Buren to England as
+Secretary of Legation and for a season, after Van Buren's recall, acted
+as _Charg� d'affaires_. "Tayloe" was Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, the
+distinguished Washingtonian. "Ramsay" was General George Douglas Ramsay,
+the father of Rear Admiral Francis M. Ramsay, U.S.N.; and "Hellen" was
+Mrs. Adams's niece, who subsequently became her daughter-in-law through
+her marriage to her son, John Adams. President Monroe attended this ball
+and both he and John Quincy Adams were somewhat criticised for their
+plain attire, which was in such striking contrast with the elaborate
+costumes and decorations worn by the foreign guests.
+
+In his boyhood Mr. Gouverneur formed an intimacy with George H. Derby,
+better known in literary circles under the _nom de plume_ of "John
+Phoenix." He is well remembered by students of American humor as a
+contemporary and rival of Artemus Ward. He was a member of a prominent
+Boston family, and of the class of 1846 at West Point. He was a gallant
+soldier, having been wounded during the Mexican War at Cerro Gordo, and
+was promoted for his bravery in that battle. Scarcely anyone was immune
+from his practical jokes, but, fortunately for his peace of mind, Mr.
+Gouverneur was acquainted with an incident of his life which, if known,
+would make him a butt of ridicule; and he accordingly felt perfectly
+safe in his companionship and well enjoyed his humorous exploits. One
+day Derby and Mr. Gouverneur were sauntering through the streets of
+Washington when the keen eye of the humorist was attracted by a sign
+over a store door which read, "Ladies' Depository"--the old-fashioned
+method of designating what would now be called a "Woman's Exchange."
+Turning to his companion, Derby remarked: "I have a little business to
+transact in this shop and I want you to go inside with me." They entered
+and were met by a smiling female to whom Derby remarked: "My wife will
+be here to-morrow morning. I am so pleased to have discovered this
+depository. I hope that you will take good care of her. Expect her at
+eleven. Good-morning."
+
+In the early '50's Adjutant General Roger Jones determined to adopt a
+new uniform for the U.S. Army, and Derby was thus afforded a conspicuous
+opportunity to exercise his wit. He was an excellent draughtsman and set
+to work and produced a design. He proposed changing the entire system of
+modern tactics by the aid of an iron hook to be attached to the seat of
+each soldier's trousers, this hook to be used by the three arms of the
+service--cavalry, infantry and artillery. He illustrated it by a series
+of well-executed designs, and quoted high medical authority to prove its
+advantages from a sanitary point of view. He argued that the heavy
+knapsack induced a stooping position and a contraction of the chest but,
+hung on a hook by a strap over the shoulders, it would brace the body
+and back and expand the chest. The cavalrymen were to be rendered more
+secure in their seats when hooked to a ring in the saddle. All
+commissioned officers were to carry a light twenty-foot pole, with a
+ring attached to the end, to be used during an engagement in drawing
+stragglers back into the ranks. He made a drawing of a tremendous battle
+during which the Generals and Colonels were thus occupied, and in many
+other ways expatiated upon the value of the hook. When Jefferson Davis,
+the Secretary of War, saw Derby's designs and read his recommendations,
+he felt that his dignity was wounded and the service insulted, and he
+immediately issued an order that Derby be court-martialed. William L.
+Marcy, then Secretary of State, was told of the transaction and of the
+cloud hanging over Derby. He looked over the drawings and saw a
+regiment, their backs towards him and drawn up in line, with knapsacks,
+blankets and everything appertaining to camp life attached to each
+soldier by a hook. Marcy, who saw the humorous side at once, said to
+Davis: "It's no use to court-martial this man. The matter will be made
+public and the laugh will be upon us. Besides, a man who has the
+inventive genius that he has displayed, as well as the faculty of
+design, ill-directed though they be, is too valuable to the service to
+be trifled with." Derby therefore was not brought to grief, and in time
+Davis's anger was sufficiently mollified for him to enjoy the joke. I am
+enabled to state, through the courtesy of the present Assistant
+Secretary of War, that the drawings referred to are not now to be found
+in the files of the War Department; and a picture, which at the time was
+the source of untold amusement and of wide-spread notoriety, seems to be
+lost to the world.
+
+[Illustration: MINIATURE OF JAMES MONROE, PAINTED IN PARIS IN 1794, BY
+SEM�.
+
+_Original owned by Mrs. Gouverneur._]
+
+An incident connected with the Indian War of 1856-58, in Washington
+Territory, furnished another outlet for Derby's effective wit. A
+Catholic priest was taken prisoner by the savages at that time and led
+away into captivity, and in caricaturing the scene Derby represented an
+ecclesiastic in full canonicals walking between two stalwart and
+half-naked Indians, carrying a crook and crozier, with a tooth-brush
+attached to one and a comb to the other; while the letters "I. H. S." on
+the priest's chasuble were paraphrased into the words, "I hate
+Siwashes." It must not be thought, however, that Derby's life was wholly
+devoted to fun and frivolity, for he has been pronounced by an
+accomplished military writer and critic to have been "an able and
+accomplished engineer." He was the author of "The Squibob Papers" and of
+"Phoenixiana; or Sketches and Burlesques," either of which would
+worthily place him in the forefront of humorists in the history of
+American literature. I own a copy of the latter book which was given by
+the author to my husband. It seems strange, when one considers the
+character and career of this gifted man, that subsequent to his death
+nearly every member of his family should have met with a tragic end.
+
+Although not a practical joker, my husband found much in Derby that was
+congenial, as many of their tastes were similar. Both of them were
+devoted to literature and both were accomplished writers; but while
+Derby published his works and was rewarded with financial success, Mr.
+Gouverneur wrote chiefly for the newspaper press. He edited and
+published a work by James Monroe, entitled "The People the Sovereigns,"
+but never sent to the press any works of his own production. I think
+that the lack of encouragement from me was the chief obstacle that
+deterred him from embarking upon a literary career. He commenced several
+novels but never finished them, and his chief literary remains are
+principally confined to the limits of his "commonplace-books."
+
+President Buchanan's niece, Harriet Lane, subsequently Mrs. Henry
+Elliott Johnston of Maryland, presided with grace and dignity over the
+White House during her uncle's administration. I first met Miss Lane
+before the period when Buchanan represented the United States at the
+Court of St. James. It was at a party given by Mrs. Hamilton Fish,
+whose husband was then a U.S. Senator from the State of New York. Her
+blond type of beauty made an indelible impression upon me, as she was
+very much the same style as the daughters of General Winfield Scott.
+Some years before her death, while she was living in Washington, I
+incidentally referred to this resemblance between the Scotts and herself
+and was not surprised to hear her say that others had spoken of it. To
+an exceptionally fine presence, she added unusual intelligence and
+brilliant power of repartee. I have often heard the story that at a
+social function at the White House an accomplished courtier was
+enlarging to Miss Lane upon her shapely hands--"hands," he ejaculated,
+"that might have swayed the rod of empire." Her retort came without a
+moment's hesitation, "or wake to ecstasy the living lyre." Emily
+Schomberg, who married Hughes Hallett of England, wrote some years ago a
+charming sketch of Harriet Lane Johnston which was published in Mrs.
+Elizabeth F. Ellet's book entitled, "The Court Circles of the Republic."
+
+Among the prominent belles of the Buchanan administration, and an
+intimate friend and companion of Harriet Lane, was Rebecca B. Black,
+daughter of the eminent jurist, Judge Jeremiah S. Black of Pennsylvania,
+Attorney-General and for a time Secretary of State under Buchanan. She
+was the widow of Isham Hornsby of Washington, where, in her beautiful
+home, she was surrounded by a charming circle and was much admired and
+beloved. Peter Grayson Washington, a son of Lund Washington, whom I have
+already mentioned in connection with my wedding, was a conspicuous
+figure at the National Capital during the Buchanan _r�gime_. During the
+Pierce administration he was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under
+James Guthrie. He had an impressive bearing, and carried a gold-headed
+cane which he boasted had originally belonged to his distinguished
+relative, the first President. Although by birth a Virginian, Mr.
+Washington never wavered in his loyalty to the Union. During the latter
+part of the Civil War he made a visit to us in our Maryland home, and I
+shall always remember the expression of his opinion that many leaders of
+the Confederate cause were not true representatives of the South, citing
+as examples some members of Jefferson Davis's cabinet. He concluded his
+remarks with the facetious statement that "if they had only chosen a
+second Washington as a leader they might have been successful." Earlier
+residents of the District will recall Littleton Quinton Washington, a
+prolific writer chiefly upon political subjects, and a younger
+half-brother of Peter G. Washington.
+
+My old and valued friend, Mrs. Hamilton Holly, and Peter Grayson
+Washington were the Godparents of my eldest daughter. At the earnest
+request of the former, this ceremony took place in the house of Mrs.
+Alexander Hamilton, in the De Menou buildings. Mrs. Holly and I
+characterized the gathering as a revolutionary party, as so many of the
+guests bore names prominent during our struggle for independence. I
+never saw Mrs. Hamilton Holly again. Shortly after this pleasant
+function I sailed for China, and just before starting on my long voyage
+I received the following note, which saddened me more than I can well
+express:--
+
+     SEP. 9th.
+
+     My dear friend,
+
+     For many days I have been blessed by your very kind letter,
+     but am too, too low to answer it. One day so weak as to be
+     obliged with my hand to wave Mrs. Furguson away (another
+     lady obtained admittance), lest in the effort to converse I
+     might find another home. My hand and head are exhausted.
+
+          Most truly yours,
+
+               E. H. HOLLY.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+SOJOURN IN CHINA AND RETURN
+
+
+Prior to the Civil War, Mr. Gouverneur received an appointment from
+James Buchanan as U.S. Consul to Foo Chow in China, and I decided to
+accompany him upon his long journey. Meanwhile a second daughter had
+been added to our family, much to the disappointment of the large circle
+of relatives who were still anxiously expecting me to hand down the name
+of Gouverneur. We named her Ruth Monroe. We took passage upon the
+clipper ship _Indiaman_, a vessel of heavy tonnage sailing from New York
+and commanded by a "down-east" skipper named Smith. No railroads crossed
+the American continent in those days, and the voyage to the far East had
+to be made either around Cape Horn or by way of the Isthmus of Panama or
+around the Cape of Good Hope. We selected the latter route, leaving New
+York in October and arriving in Shanghai the following March. My
+preparations for such a protracted journey with two very young children
+were carefully and even elaborately planned but, to my dismay, some of
+the most important articles of food for the childrens' diet became unfit
+for use long before we reached our destination. As one may readily
+imagine, I was accordingly put to my wits' end for substitutes. We also
+provided ourselves with a goodly amount of literature, and more
+particularly books relating to China, among which were Father Evariste
+R�gis Huc's volume on "The Chinese Empire," and Professor S. Wells
+Williams's work on "The Middle Kingdom." We read these _en route_ with
+great interest but discovered after a few months' residence in the East
+that no book or pen we then knew conveyed an adequate idea of that
+remarkable country.
+
+We had a very favorable voyage, and sailing in the trade winds in the
+Southern hemisphere was to me the very acme of bliss. I was thoroughly
+in sympathy with the passage of Humboldt where he speaks of the tropical
+skies and vegetation in the following beautiful manner:--"He on whom the
+Southern Cross has never gleamed nor the Centaur frowned, above whom the
+clouds of Magellan have never circled, who has never stood within the
+shadow of great palms, nor clothed himself with the gloom of the
+primeval forests, does not know how the soul seems to have a new birth
+in the midst of these new and splendid surroundings. Nowhere but under
+the equatorial skies is it permitted to man to behold at once and in the
+same sweep of the eye all the stars of both the Northern and Southern
+heavens; and nowhere but at the tropics does nature combine to produce
+the various forms of vegetation that are parceled out separately to
+other climes."
+
+The patience of our captain was sorely tried by the lack of wind while
+passing through the Doldrums. This nautical locality, varying in breadth
+from sixty to several hundred miles and shifting in extreme limits at
+different seasons of the year, is near the equator and abounds in calms,
+squalls and light, baffling winds which sometimes prevent the progress
+of sailing vessels for weeks at a time. When we finally emerged from the
+Doldrums, we were compensated for the trying delay by greeting the trade
+winds so cherished by the hearts of mariners. We sailed many leagues
+south of the Cape of Good Hope and much too far away even to catch a
+glimpse of it, but we realized its proximity by the presence of the Cape
+pigeons which hovered around our vessel. The albatross was also our
+daily visitor and one or two of them were caught by the sailors,
+regardless of the superstition of possible calamity attending such an
+act. Our only stop during the long voyage was at the Moluccas or Spice
+Islands, in the Malay Peninsula, and was made at the request of the
+passengers who were desirous of exploring the beauties of that tropical
+region. The waters surrounding these islands were as calm as a lake and
+all around our ship floated the d�bris of spices. The vegetation was
+more beautiful than I can describe and the shells which covered the
+shores were eagerly collected by the passengers.
+
+Our fellow voyagers were four missionaries, who on Sundays conducted
+divine service, and a Mr. Pemberton, a young Canadian who was _en
+voyage_ to join the _Hong_ of Purden and Company in Shanghai. In these
+early days it was the custom of parents of refractory or adventurous
+sons to place them on board sailing vessels for lengthy outings.
+Occasionally they were sent upon whaling voyages, where the hardships
+were greater and the voyage more prolonged. On the _Indiaman_ there were
+several of these youths and it was quite pathetic as well as comical to
+see them ascend the rigging amid the jeers of a well-disciplined crew.
+One of them, whose father had occupied an official position in the City
+of New York, had been quite a society "swell" and claimed acquaintance
+with me. At times he was required by the captain to hold my younger
+child, a mere babe, in the arms. Every now and then we were startled by
+her shrieks and for quite a time we could not detect the cause until we
+finally discovered that his task was uncongenial and that, in order to
+get rid of his charge, the incorrigible youth had administered an
+occasional pinch.
+
+One Sunday afternoon while sailing in the Indian Ocean we had a narrow
+escape from shipwreck. Every sail was set to catch the least breath of
+air, and Mr. Gouverneur and the children were on deck with the captain,
+when in the distance they saw what seemed to resemble a huge wall. The
+moment the experienced eye of our skipper saw it he exclaimed, "My God,
+we are gone!" It slowly but surely approached our ship and when it
+reached us its force was so great that our sails almost dipped into the
+ocean. The ship, however, gradually righted itself and we were naturally
+more than grateful for our deliverance. I chanced to be resting in my
+cabin at the perilous moment and in a most unceremonious manner was
+thrown to the floor. After reaching the mouth of that stupendous river,
+the Yangtze Kiang, we thought our long voyage was nearly ended, but we
+soon discovered that we had not yet "crossed the Rubicon," and that
+trouble was still in store for us. We had just passed the mouth of this
+river and cast anchor when, to our surprise and dismay, we encountered a
+severe storm, and during the night dragged anchor for about twenty
+miles. The morning, however, dawned bright and clear, but our captain,
+who had lost his temper during the storm, did not accord the Chinese
+pilots who boarded us a very gracious reception. This was my first
+glimpse of the Chinese within the limits of their own domain.
+
+When we reached the city of Shanghai it was quite dark, but we found
+coolies awaiting us with chairs. I shall never forget my first
+impressions of China. All of my anticipations of the beautiful Orient
+were fully realized, and, as I was carried through the crowded streets,
+visions of the Arabian Nights enchanted me and it seemed to me a
+veritable region of delight. The streets of Shanghai, however, after the
+broad thoroughfares of Washington, appeared like small and complicated
+pathways. They were not lighted with public lamps at this time, but
+myriads of lanterns of every conceivable shape and color carried by
+wayfarers met the eye at every turn and made the whole scene appear like
+fairyland. But, alas, the following morning I was undeceived, for
+daylight revealed to my vision a very squalid and dirty city. We were
+carried to the largest hotel in Shanghai, where it seemed as though I
+were almost receiving a home greeting when the sign over the door told
+me that it was the Astor House! Still another surprise awaited me.
+Although in a strange land, one of the first persons to welcome me was a
+former acquaintance, the wife of Mr. Robert Morrison Olyphant, the head
+of the prominent _Hong_ of Olyphant and Company. Her maiden name was
+Anna O. Vernon and I had formerly known her quite well in New York and
+Newport.
+
+We did not linger long in Shanghai, but embraced the first opportunity
+to reach Foo Chow. It was a coast voyage of several days and was
+attended with much discomfort, as the choppy seas through which we
+sailed made all of us very ill--a remarkable experience, considering the
+fact that during the whole of our protracted voyage we had not suffered
+an uncomfortable moment. We reached Foo Chow, however, in due time, and
+Mr. Gouverneur at once assumed his official duties. Foo Chow is called
+by the natives _Hok Chiu_, or "Happy City." It is also what is termed a
+"Foo-City," signifying a place of the largest magnitude, and was the
+sole Chinese port where royalty was represented. It is situated upon the
+Min River, about twenty-five miles from its mouth, and is the capital of
+the Province of Fokien. The navigation of the river Min was regarded as
+dangerous, and the insurance rates for vessels navigating it were higher
+than those of any other Chinese port. The place is surrounded by
+castellated walls nine or ten miles in circumference, outside of which
+are suburbs as extensive as the city itself. Its walls are about thirty
+feet high and twelve wide at the top. Its seven gates are overlooked by
+high towers, while small guardhouses stand at frequent intervals along
+the walls.
+
+Upon our arrival in Foo Chow we found no house provided for the U.S.
+Consul, and immediately made our residence with a missionary family,
+where we were most comfortable, until the _Hong_ of Augustus Heard and
+Company provided us with a residence for which we paid rent. The English
+government took better care of its representative. Not far from us was
+the British Consulate, a fine building reminding one in certain respects
+of the White House. In another residence near by, and provided by his
+government, lived the British interpreter, a Scotchman named Milne.
+Walter H. Medhurst, the British Consul, and his interpreter were
+descendants of early English missionaries. We found Foo Chow to be a
+somewhat lawless city. Many of its inhabitants were mountaineers from
+the surrounding region who had become pretty well starved out and had
+found their way into the city. As a result of their early training, they
+gave the authorities much trouble.
+
+I was naturally much impressed by some of the novel and curious customs
+then prevalent. The seat of honor assigned a guest was on the left of
+the host. The uncovered head for a man was a mark of disrespect and a
+servant would accordingly be severely reprimanded if he appeared before
+his master with his hat off. Persons in mourning wore white, in striking
+contrast with the somber apparel used by ourselves. The shoe polish in
+vogue was a chalky white substance. From these and other examples it can
+readily be seen I was justified in feeling that I had been transferred
+to another planet and had left "dull earth behind me." When we reached
+Foo Chow, the gorgeous flowers and other vegetation were at their best.
+The month of April was a season set apart by the Chinese to decorate
+with flowers the graves of their ancestors; and coming from a land where
+such a ceremony was unknown, it impressed me as a beautiful custom. It
+suggests, moreover, the inquiry as to whether it was from the Chinese,
+or from an innate conviction of the beautiful sentiment demanding an
+outward expression, that induced the descendants of the Blue and the
+Gray, at a later period, to strew with flowers the last resting-places
+of those whose memories they delighted to honor.
+
+Next door to the U.S. Consulate lived a Parsee named Botelwalla, who was
+an English subject. He never uncovered his head, and his tarpaulin hat
+carried me back to the pictures in my geography while studying at Miss
+Forbes's school. He was extensively engaged in the opium trade, and had
+large quantities of it stored in his dwelling. One day he came to our
+home to make a social visit and, taking it for granted that he was a
+fire-worshiper, I inquired whether he came from Persia. He told me that
+twelve hundred years ago his family emigrated from that country to
+India, where their descendants had since resided. I recall an incident
+which convinced me at the time that he was not a consistent follower of
+his own religion. Mr. Gouverneur noticed smoke issuing one day from what
+he thought was a remote portion of the Botelwalla home, and immediately
+called out to the Parsee from an adjoining window that his house was on
+fire. Without a moment's hesitation, he got all of his family together,
+and for a while they worked most strenuously to subdue the flames and to
+save from destruction the hundred thousand dollars' worth of opium
+lodged in the Parsee's home. Somewhat later we were surprised to learn
+that it was our own kitchen which was on fire. Our ignorance was due to
+the fact that the walls of the two houses were so irregular and so oddly
+constructed that it was at first exceedingly difficult, upon a
+superficial view, to distinguish certain portions of our own home from
+those of our neighbor. The one feature, however, connected with the fire
+which impressed us most forcibly was the fact that Botelwalla, our
+neighbor and fire-worshiper, did not allow his religious scruples to
+interfere with the safety of his valuable personal possessions. My
+attention, as well as admiration, was frequently directed to a number of
+superb India cashmere shawls which I often saw airing on his upper
+veranda and which, I think, were used for bed coverings.
+
+Soon after his arrival in Foo Chow, Mr. Gouverneur was fortunate in
+securing the services of a Chinese interpreter named Ling Kein, a
+mandarin of high order, who wore the "blue button," significant of his
+rank. In addition to this distinction he wore on his hat the peacock
+feather, an official reward of merit. He was a Chinese of remarkable
+intelligence, well versed in English as well as in the Chinese
+vernacular, and was also the master of several dialects. He surprised me
+by his familiarity with New York, and upon inquiry I learned that he had
+once taken a junk into that port, which was naturally regarded with
+great curiosity by the Gothamites. He remembered many prominent New
+Yorkers, one of whom was Daniel Lord, the distinguished lawyer, whom he
+had met in a professional relation. He also recalled my old friend and
+Mr. Gouverneur's kinsman, William Kemble, who lived next door to Mr.
+Lord opposite St. John's Park. Ling Kein and his family lived in our
+house, but they led such secluded lives that I seldom saw them; indeed,
+we never laid eyes upon our interpreter except when his presence was
+required. He was not in the employ of our government, but his salary of
+one hundred dollars a month was paid from my husband's private means.
+His services were invaluable and when we first began housekeeping he
+secured our domestic staff for us. The butler was Ning Ping, a
+Christianized Chinese, who took entire charge of the
+establishment--going to market, regulating the servants and even handing
+them their wages. For his services he received four dollars a month.
+
+I found this mode of life ideally pleasant and easy until I heard an
+uproar one day in the servants' quarters in which my two nurses seemed
+to be involved. I was entirely ignorant as to the cause of the commotion
+and for some time held my peace, as one of the first lessons I learned
+in China was not to probe too deeply into domestic affairs, since one
+derived but little satisfaction from the attempt. As the confusion
+continued, however, I summoned Ling Kein in order to ascertain the cause
+of it. It seems that Ning Ping had paid the women their wages in Mexican
+dollars which were not of the proper weight. There prevailed a crafty
+method of clipping or punching the coins, and this dishonest Chinaman
+had taken advantage of those whom he thought to be simply
+unsophisticated women. The trouble was finally quelled by an agreement
+that in future I should personally pay the nurses their wages. I gave
+each of these women four dollars a month for their services. Our cook,
+Ting Ting, who was a chef, and the four coolies, who were the chair
+bearers, were also paid four dollars a month each. The gatekeeper, whose
+duties were to open and close the front gate and to look after the
+chairs of visitors, received a similar sum for his services. I also
+employed by the month a native tailor, whose sole requirements for his
+work were a chair and a table. He did the entire sewing of the
+establishment and charged four dollars a month for his labor. At least
+one of my experiences with him failed to confirm the extraordinary
+powers of imitation possessed by the Chinese, for upon one occasion when
+I trusted him with a handsome garment, with strict injunctions to follow
+the model I gave him, he completely ignored my instructions and carried
+out his own designs.
+
+Fortunately for us, this retinue of retainers provided its own food and
+clothing, and I was in blissful ignorance as to where they stowed
+themselves away for the night. A laundryman called once a week for our
+clothes and his charges were two dollars a hundred for articles of every
+description. I am almost ashamed to acknowledge that I never saw the
+interior of our kitchen, but our cook served our dinners in the most
+approved manner. We frequently had guests to dine with us and as the
+butler, Ning Ping, was as much an expert in his department as the cook,
+Ting Ting, was in his, I was delightfully irresponsible and often
+wondered, as I sat at my own table, what the next course would be. Our
+guests were principally men, usually the senior members of _Hongs_ and
+officers of war-ships lying in the harbor, and it was the custom of each
+to bring with him his "boy," who stood behind him throughout the repast.
+
+There was quite a number of missionaries in the city, and each religious
+denomination provided its ministers with comfortable quarters. The
+Baptists were especially well represented and also the "American Board,"
+which was established in Boston in 1812. The English residents had a
+small chapel of their own which was well sustained by them. There was
+one missionary who commanded my especial respect and admiration. I refer
+to the Rev. Mr. William C. Burns, a Scotch Presbyterian clergyman. He
+led a life of consecrated self-denial, living exclusively with the
+natives and dressing in the Chinese garb which, with his Caucasian
+features and blond complexion, caused him to present the drollest
+appearance. Only those who have resided in China can understand the
+repugnance with which anyone accustomed to the amenities of refined
+society would naturally regard such a life. He gave up body and soul to
+the spread of Christianity in a heathen land, recalling to my mind the
+early Jesuits, Francis Xavier, Lucas Caballero and Cipriano Baraza, who
+penetrated pathless forests and crossed unknown seas in conformity with
+the requirements of their sacred mission. Mr. Burns died in China in the
+earnest pursuit of his vocation. I own a copy of his life published in
+New York in 1870, soon after his death.
+
+The Roman Catholic Church was well represented in Foo Chow and was under
+the general direction of the order of the Dominicans. Each portion of
+China, in fact, even the most remote, was under the jurisdiction of
+some Roman Catholic Order, so that directly or indirectly almost every
+Chinaman in the Empire was reached. The Catholics also had a large
+orphan asylum in Foo Chow, over whose portals, in Chinese characters,
+was the verse from the Psalms: "When my father and my mother forsake me,
+then the Lord will take me up." Nothing brought back to me my far-away
+Western home more pleasantly than the tones of the Angelus sounding from
+the belfry of this institution.
+
+There was a native orphan asylum in Foo Chow, not far from the American
+Consulate--a fact I have never seen stated in any of the numerous books
+I have read relating to the "Middle Kingdom." With true Chinese insight,
+the largest salary was paid the nurse who successfully reared the
+greatest number of babies. When I lived in China, the laws for the
+prevention of infanticide were as stringent as our own, but they were
+often successfully evaded. Poverty was so grinding in the East that the
+slaughter of children was one of its most pitiable consequences. Infants
+were made way with at birth, before they were regarded with the eye of
+affection.
+
+Fifty years ago slavery was prevalent among the Chinese, and one of its
+saddest features consisted in the fact that its victims were of their
+own race and color. Poverty-stricken parents sold their offspring to
+brokers, and in Foo Chow it was recognized as a legitimate business.
+Theoretically there were no slaves in Hong-Kong, which is British
+territory, but in reality the city was full of them. Both men and women
+slave-brokers infested the large cities of China, and boys and girls
+between the ages of ten and twelve were sent from all the neighboring
+villages to be sold in Foo Chow. The girls were purchased to be employed
+as servants, and sometimes parents would buy them for the purpose of
+training them until they reached the proper age and of then marrying
+them off to their sons. In this way, as may readily be seen, some of
+the young people of China were spared the vicissitudes and
+discouragements of courtship so keenly realized in some other countries.
+I have seen girl slaves sold with no other property except the clothes
+upon their backs. Frequently their garments were of the scantiest
+character and in some cases even these were claimed by the avaricious
+brokers. Many of the waifs were purchased upon trial as a precaution
+against leprosy which prevailed throughout the East. One of the tests
+consisted in placing the child in a dark room under a blue light; if the
+skin was found to be of a greenish hue, the slave passed muster; but, on
+the other hand, if it was of a reddish tinge it indicated the early
+stages of this fatal malady. Babies were not much in demand in Foo Chow
+and did not even command the price of fresh pork! I learned at an orphan
+asylum in Shanghai that they were purchased at twenty cents each. This
+institution was conducted by missionaries who taught the girls all kinds
+of domestic duties and, when they arrived at proper ages, saw that they
+were given to suitable men for wives.
+
+Not far from the Consulate were the quarters of the Tartars. They seemed
+to live very much to themselves, and most of the men were connected with
+the military service of the country. It may not be generally known that
+ever since the commencement of the Tartar dynasty, between two and three
+centuries ago, the queue has been worn by the Chinese as a badge of
+submission to the Tartars. The feet of the women were not compressed by
+these early rulers and consequently the Court did not set the fashion as
+in European countries. I understand that even now the bandaged feet are
+universal.
+
+In those days there were no railroads or telegraphs in China. The
+Emperor died while we were living in Foo Chow and the news did not reach
+us until several weeks after the event, and then only through the medium
+of a courier. The official announcement came to the Consulate upon a
+long yellow card bearing certain Chinese characters. All of the
+mandarins in our city, upon receiving the intelligence, gathered at the
+various temples to bewail in loud tones and with tearful eyes the death
+of their ruler.
+
+The palace of the Viceroy was naturally the chief objective point of all
+foreigners and especially of officials upon their arrival in port.
+Occasions frequently occurred when Mr. Gouverneur was compelled to go
+through the formality of requesting an interview with this high
+official. These audiences were always promptly granted and were
+conducted with a great amount of pomp and ceremony very dear to the
+inhabitants of "far Cathay," but exceedingly tiresome to others. Some
+distance from us, and in another quarter of the city, was a large
+building called Examination Hall, used by the natives exclusively in
+connection with the civil service of the government. It was divided into
+small rooms, each of which was large enough to accommodate only one
+person, and in these the young men of that locality who were aspirants
+for governmental positions were locked each year while they wrote their
+test examination papers. The hall accommodated ten thousand students and
+the time of examination was regarded by the Chinese as a critical period
+in a young man's life, as his chances of future success largely depended
+upon the ability displayed in his papers. These were carefully read by a
+board of examiners, and official positions were assigned to those who
+excelled in the examination. Intelligence was regarded as the chief
+condition of executive favor and, although personal influence naturally
+had its weight, its exercise did not seem to be as prevalent in China as
+elsewhere. It may not be flattering to the pride of other nations, but
+the fact remains that the civil service of China was the forerunner of
+the reforms instituted in countries which we are accustomed to regard
+as much more enlightened in governmental polity.
+
+While we were in China, the seas were infested with a formidable band of
+native pirates that had committed depredations for many years. One day
+two rival factions dropped anchor at the same time in the Min River,
+directly opposite Foo Chow, and opened a brisk fire upon each other.
+Many of the foreigners became much alarmed, as projectiles were flying
+around at a lively rate. One of these which had entered the house of an
+American missionary was brought to the Consulate, and Mr. Gouverneur was
+urged to take some action. The natives of China were at times a
+turbulent people who seemed glad for an excuse to stir up the community
+and, in consequence of this battle of the sea-robbers, a mob formed in
+Foo Chow which threatened disastrous results. The only foreign vessel in
+the harbor was a United States man-of-war, the _Adams_, under the
+command of James F. Schenck, subsequently a Rear Admiral in our Navy.
+Only a few days previous the British ships had departed for the mouth of
+the Peiho River, for the purpose of forcing opium upon the poor Chinese
+at the cannon's mouth. The city authorities were requested to use their
+influence in quelling the riots but seemed unequal to the emergency.
+This state of affairs continued for several days, when one morning the
+_Taotai_ (mayor), preceded by men beating gongs and followed by a large
+retinue, arrived at the Consulate and requested protection for the city.
+Upon a similar occasion during the previous summer, when a number of
+British warships were in port, these belligerent pirates received
+summary treatment by having their anchor cables cut, thus causing them
+to float down the river.
+
+Upon Mr. Gouverneur's request the _Adams_ sent a detachment of marines
+on shore. It was quartered around the Consulate and its presence quickly
+had the desired moral effect upon all parties, and proved a source of
+great relief to both foreign and native residents. Later all
+apprehension was removed by the speedy departure of the unwelcome
+marauders. Meanwhile the Consulate had received many valuables,
+deposited there for safety. The morning following the departure of the
+ships we noticed a large number of boxes in our courtyard and also
+several sheep tied to the flag-staff. For a time we could not understand
+the meaning of this queer collection and were compelled to assign it to
+the usual incomprehensibilities of Chinese life. Mr. Gouverneur went in
+search of our interpreter, hoping that he could explain the situation,
+but to our surprise he had fled. We learned that he stood in great awe
+of the pirates and feared their vengeance if he told all he knew about
+them. Mr. Milne, the British interpreter, finally came to our rescue. It
+seems that the sheep and boxes were parting gifts--"Kumshaws," as the
+Chinese term them--from the pirates to the American and British Consuls
+and Mr. Milne.
+
+At first we had no idea what the boxes contained, and Mr. Gouverneur
+sought the advice of William Sloane, the head of the _Hong_ of Russell
+and Company, who had long been a resident of China, as to what should be
+done with this strange consignment. He strongly urged that, as a matter
+of policy, they be accepted and the British Consul, Walter H. Medhurst,
+agreed with him. The medley collection was accordingly divided into
+three groups and some coolies were engaged to convey to the English
+Consul and Mr. Milne their respective shares. The sheep took the lead,
+and it was indeed a curious procession that we watched from our windows
+as we breathed a sigh of relief over the departure of this
+"embarrassment of riches," and commenced to plan for the disposal of our
+own share. A few minutes later I chanced to glance out of the window
+when, to my utter dismay, I saw the procession so recently _en route_ to
+the British Consulate reenter our courtyard. We were informed that
+Medhurst had weakened and refused to receive his share of the
+"Kumshaws." Mr. Gouverneur was much annoyed by such vacillating conduct
+and immediately notified the British Consul in emphatic language that if
+he refused to accept the piratical gifts he would regard it as a
+personal matter. This had the desired effect and a second time the
+procession wended its way to the British Consulate. The boxes proved to
+contain hams, rock candy, dates and other provisions which we
+immediately sent to the American missionaries, while the sheep were
+given to Mr. Sloane to do with them whatever he pleased. We found this
+gentleman throughout our Chinese life to be a man of superior judgment
+and an agreeable companion. After a long and successful career in the
+East, he died in China just on the eve of his embarkation for America.
+He never married and many years later I had the pleasure of becoming
+acquainted with his brother, Samuel Sloane, the railroad magnate, at
+Garrison's-on-the-Hudson; and, owing to our agreeable association with
+his brother, both Mr. and Mrs. Sloane always welcomed me with great
+cordiality.
+
+I have already referred to Commander (afterwards Rear Admiral) James F.
+Schenck, U.S.N. Our association with him in Foo Chow was highly
+agreeable. He was our frequent guest at the Consulate and we soon
+discovered in him a man of rare wit; indeed, I have understood that
+fifty years ago he was considered the most clever _raconteur_ in the
+Navy. Commander Schenck's Executive Officer on the _Adams_ was
+Lieutenant James J. Waddell, whom we regarded as a pleasing and
+congenial guest. Subsequent to his life in Eastern waters, his career
+was unusually interesting. He was a native of North Carolina and,
+resigning his commission in the United States service at the opening of
+the Civil War, subsequently entered the Confederate Navy, where he was
+finally assigned to the command of the celebrated cruiser _Shenandoah_.
+This ship, formerly the British merchantman _Sea King_, was bought in
+England for �45,000 by James D. Bulloch, the Naval Agent of the Southern
+Confederacy in Great Britain, to take the place of the _Alabama_, which
+had been sunk by the _Kearsarge_ in June, 1864. She left London in the
+fall of the same year and fitted out as an armed cruiser off Madeira.
+She then went to Australia and, after cruising in various parts of the
+Pacific, sailed for Behring Sea and the Arctic Ocean, where she met with
+remarkable success in her depredations upon Northern shipping. She
+captured thirty-eight vessels, mostly whalers, and the actual losses
+inflicted by her were only sixty thousand dollars less than those
+charged to the _Alabama_. Captain Waddell first heard of the downfall of
+the Confederacy when off the coast of Lower California on the 2d of
+August, 1865--between three and four months after the event--and, as he
+had captured in that interval about a dozen ships and realized that his
+acts might be regarded as piratical, he sailed for England where, early
+in November, he surrendered the _Shenandoah_ to the British government.
+She was turned over to the United States, was subsequently sold to the
+Sultan of Zanzibar and was lost in 1879 in the Indian Ocean. She was the
+only ship that carried the flag of the Confederacy around the world. In
+December, 1861, Captain Waddell married a daughter of James Iglehart of
+Annapolis, and died in that city a number of years ago.
+
+The American Consulate was the rendezvous of all Naval officers who came
+into port, and I recall with gratification Lieutenant John J. B.
+Walbach, a son of Colonel John DeBarth Walbach, a well-known officer of
+the Army, Dr. Philip Lansdale, Dr. Benjamin F. Gibbs, Lieutenant George
+M. Blodgett and Lieutenant (afterwards Rear Admiral) John C. Beaumont.
+The latter was frequently my guest in Washington after my return to
+America, and Doctors Lansdale and Gibbs I met again at the Capital,
+where we took pleasure in discussing our Chinese observations and
+experiences. While in China I also became acquainted with Captain and
+Mrs. Eliphalet Nott of Schenectady, the former of whom was a nephew of
+the venerable President Eliphalet Nott of Union College. He commanded
+his own vessel, the _Don Quixote_, and was usually accompanied on his
+voyages by his wife--a mode of life that impressed me as quite ideal.
+
+One day as I was passing through the streets of Foo Chow my attention
+was directed to a gayly-dressed woman seated in a chair decked with
+flowers. I was informed that she was a Chinese widow who was about to
+sacrifice herself upon the pyre in accordance with the custom of the
+country. I subsequently learned that when this woman reached the place
+appointed for the ceremony, she found an immense assemblage, including
+many mandarins and her own brother, the latter of whom had agreed to
+apply the torch that should launch her into eternity. The crowd,
+however, was disappointed, for at the last moment her courage failed her
+and she announced that she must return home at once as she had forgotten
+to feed her pig! The woman's life was saved, but the disappointment of
+the throng found expression in a riot which, however, was speedily
+quelled by the authorities.
+
+The Chinese nation was the victim of an outrageous wrong, and the
+perpetrators were Americans and Englishmen whose unquenchable avarice
+overcame their moral convictions. I refer to the iniquitous manner in
+which opium was introduced into the country and subsequently sold to the
+natives. Large fortunes were accumulated in this way, but it was nothing
+more nor less than "blood money" wrung from the pockets of those who had
+a right to expect better things from the representatives of Christian
+countries. China at this time was unable to cope by force with the
+Western nations, but she did not renounce the right to protect herself
+from this outrage without a struggle. When, however, she asserted this
+right, as she did on a certain occasion by seizing and burning the
+deadly drug, she made herself liable for heavy indemnities and was
+compelled to abandon the unequal struggle. In consequence of this act,
+six hundred thousand dollars passed through Mr. Gouverneur's hands as
+U.S. Consul. Even in recent years the Chinese Emperor has sought to
+protect his subjects from the evils of opium. When I lived in China,
+Congo tea was cultivated around Foo Chow, but in time it was abandoned
+and the poppy took its place. A few years ago an edict was issued
+prohibiting the cultivation of this flower and I understand that tea is
+again a product of this region. When I resided in Foo Chow, some of the
+most prominent business houses were involved in the smuggling of opium,
+and one very large and wealthy firm--that of Jardine and
+Matthewson--actually employed a heavily armed gunboat to assist it in
+the accomplishment of this colossal outrage. It will be remembered that
+when Li Hung Chang, then one of the richest men in the world, visited
+this country a few years ago he frequently asked the wealthy men whom he
+met where they got their money. Whether or not he had in mind at the
+time the manner in which certain American and English fortunes had been
+accumulated in his native land does not appear; but if his question had
+been directed to the heads of some of the business houses in Foo Chow
+and elsewhere in China while I was there, it certainly would have
+produced, to say the least, no little embarrassment.
+
+Poor China has suffered much from the impositions and depredations of
+foreigners. Pillage and theft have marked the paths of foreign invaders
+in a manner wholly inconsistent with the code of honorable warfare, and
+acts have been committed that would never be tolerated in conflicts
+between Western nations. It was said that the title of Comte de Pelikao
+was conferred by Louis Napoleon upon General Charles Montauban for
+having presented the Empress Eug�nie with some superb black pearls taken
+from the Imperial Summer Palace when it was looted in 1860. At the same
+time and in the same manner also disappeared many almost priceless gems,
+costly articles of _vertu_, treasures in gold and silver and a wealth of
+ancient manuscripts; while similar outrages were ruthlessly perpetrated
+in the same unfortunate city only a few years ago as the closing chapter
+in the Boxer troubles. Unhappy China! She has felt the aggressive hand
+of her Western "brothers" ever since the unwilling invasion of her
+shores.
+
+About this time China was the resort of many adventurous Americans, some
+of whom doubtless "left their country for their country's good," with a
+view of seeking their fortunes. We became very well acquainted with a
+New Yorker named Augustus Joseph Francis Harrison, a master of a craft
+sailing in Chinese waters. His early life had been spent in Morrisania
+in New York, where he had become familiar with the name of my husband's
+relative, Gouverneur Morris, and was thus led to seek our acquaintance.
+One day he came to the Consulate apparently in ill health and told us he
+was in a serious condition. It seems that he had employed an English
+physician whose violent remedies had failed to benefit him and had
+prompted him to declare that he had been mistaken for a horse! He begged
+us for shelter and we accordingly gave him a room and retained him at
+the Consulate as our guest. We knew but little of medical remedies, but
+we did the best for him we could, and in due time were delighted to see
+that our patient was convalescing. One day my husband and my daughter
+Maud visited him in his room and, as a token of gratitude, he presented
+to the little girl the "Pirates' God," one of his most cherished
+treasures--a curious idol, which is still in her possession. On the back
+of it he wrote the following history:--"This idol, together with the
+whole contents of two large pirate boats, was captured after a severe
+fight of three hours, they having undertaken to take us by surprise;
+consequently thirty or forty were killed. The rest made good their
+escape by jumping overboard and swimming ashore. The boats and contents,
+too, were sold."
+
+Foo Chow was a region frequently visited by typhoons, in consequence of
+which a municipal law required houses to be but one story high. During
+the latter part of our residence in China we experienced the terrors of
+a storm remarkable for its severity and in the course of which a portion
+of the Consulate was blown down. After spending some anxious hours in an
+underground passage in the middle of the night, we were finally obliged
+to take refuge in the _Hong_ of Augustus Heard and Company. I shall
+never forget, as we sat in this lonely cellar with the elements raging
+above us, the imploring cries of my young children, "I want to go home."
+It was while this storm was raging that Mr. Gouverneur received the
+following note from George J. Weller, the representative of this
+well-known firm:--
+
+     My dear Mr. Gouverneur,
+
+     The Barometer is going up--the wind will probably abate a
+     little soon, and perhaps then Mrs. G. and the children can
+     come. _Make_ the coolies carry the chair. Three can do it.
+
+The semi-tropical climate of Foo Chow, however, did not agree with Mr.
+Gouverneur, in consequence of which we decided to return home. His
+campaign during the Mexican War had made serious inroads upon his
+health, from which he never entirely recovered. It was hoped that his
+life in the East would be beneficial, but it proved otherwise.
+Meanwhile, the Civil War was raging in the United States, but the news
+concerning it was very stale long before it reached us. We did not
+receive the particulars of the battle of Bull Run, for example, until
+three months after its occurrence. In view of the turbulent state of
+affairs at home, the government thought it important that Mr. Gouverneur
+should remain at his post of duty until the arrival of his successor,
+and he decided to do so. During these days of uncertainty, however, my
+husband deemed it wise that, if possible, I should return with the
+children on a ship sailing under the protection of the British flag, and
+I quite agreed with him. In due time the favorable opportunity presented
+itself, and I embarked for America in the British merchantman _Mirage_.
+The wisdom of Mr. Gouverneur's judgment was fully confirmed, as the next
+American vessel sailing from Foo Chow after my departure was captured by
+a Confederate privateer. When I went to China I took two little girls
+with me, and returned with three. At the birth of the last daughter we
+named her "Rose de Chine," in order to identify her more intimately with
+the land of her nativity. Soon after her birth, several Chinese asked
+me: "How many girls do you keep?"
+
+We were the only passengers on the _Mirage_ and, besides having very
+superior accommodations on board, we were treated with every
+consideration by its captain. We were three months upon the homeward
+voyage and the captain called it smooth sailing. We fell in with many
+vessels _en route_ and, to quote our skipper, we found them "like human
+beings, some very friendly and others stern and curt." When in mid-ocean
+we passed an American vessel, the _Anna Decatur_, which seemed like a
+welcome from home as it was named after a former New York friend of
+mine, Anna Pine Decatur, a niece of Commodore Stephen Decatur, who
+married Captain William H. Parsons of the merchant service. Lieutenant
+Stephen Decatur, U.S.N., a brother of Anna Pine Decatur, was a constant
+visitor at our house in Houston Street in my young days. During one of
+his cruises he was stricken with a serious illness which resulted in
+total blindness. He subsequently married but, although he never had the
+pleasure of seeing his wife and children, his genial nature was not
+changed by his affliction. In 1869 he became a Commodore on the retired
+list, but some of the family connection objected to his use of this
+title, as in their opinion the world should recognize only one Commodore
+Stephen Decatur, the naval hero of 1812.
+
+As we neared New York harbor I became decidedly impatient and was
+congratulating myself one morning that our long voyage was almost over,
+when I noticed that the usually pleasant expression on the captain's
+face had changed to one of extreme anxiety. I inquired: "What is wrong,
+Captain?" and to my dismay he replied: "Everything!" He then told me we
+were just outside the pilot grounds, but that in all his experience,
+even in Chinese waters, he had never known the barometer to fall so low;
+and, to add to his anxiety, there was no pilot within sight! It was a
+very cold February morning, the thermometer having reached the zero
+mark, and I went at once to my cabin to prepare for the worst. The
+captain meanwhile commenced to make preparations for a severe storm, but
+before we realized it the tempest was upon us and our vessel was blown
+far out to sea, where for three days we were at the mercy of the
+elements. The rudder was tied, the hatches battened down and there was
+nothing left to do but to sit with folded hands and trust to that
+Providence whom even the waters obey.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. GOUVERNEUR'S THREE DAUGHTERS.
+
+_Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford
+Johnson._]
+
+I remember sitting in my stateroom one of those terrible nights entirely
+alone and without even the comforting sound of a human voice. Our life
+preservers were within reach, but I fully realized that they would be of
+but little avail in such a raging sea. During those anxious moments,
+with my little children sound asleep in the adjoining cabin and quite
+oblivious of impending danger, I wondered whether it would be my destiny
+to close my earthly career on Rockaway Beach, near the spot where I had
+first seen the light of day; but soon after those anxious moments I was
+indeed grateful, as the captain told me that if the wind had been in
+another quarter all of us would have perished within a few hours.
+Gradually the winds and storm ceased and, the waters becoming calmer, we
+finally reached our haven without even being subjected to the annoying
+presence of a Custom House official, as the high seas had prevented his
+visit. When I reached land I learned that the awful storm had extended
+along the whole eastern coast and had carried death and devastation in
+its track. The children and I were driven to my mother's late residence,
+57 West Thirty-sixth Street, but she was no longer there to greet me, as
+she had passed into the Great Beyond the year before my return; but my
+sister Charlotte and my brother Malcolm were still living there, both of
+whom were unmarried. I had received such kindness from the captain of
+the _Mirage_ during the homeward voyage that I felt I should like to
+make some fitting return, and accordingly his wife and daughter became
+my guests.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THE CIVIL WAR AND LIFE IN MARYLAND
+
+
+As the time passed I became somewhat anxious over the delay in Mr.
+Gouverneur's return to this country. It seems, however, that, with
+neither of us knowing it, we were upon the sea at the same time. His
+homeward voyage was made by the way of the Isthmus of Suez and
+Marseilles. For a while it seemed difficult for either of us to realize
+that we were in our own country once more, as the Civil War had turned
+everything and everybody topsy turvy. When we left the country, party
+animosities were pitched to a high key, but the possibility of a
+gigantic civil war as a solution of political problems would have been
+regarded as preposterous. On our return, however, the country was wild
+with excitement over an armed struggle, the eventual magnitude of which
+no one had yet dreamed of. Newly equipped regiments were constantly
+passing in our vicinity for the seat of war, the national ensign and
+other emblems of loyalty were displayed on every hand and a martial
+spirit pervaded the very atmosphere. The war was the one important topic
+of conversation at homes, in the streets and in places of business. The
+passions of the people were so thoroughly aroused that they were
+frequently expressed in severe denunciation of any who presumed to
+entertain conservative views of the situation of affairs and who still
+hoped for conciliation and peace. Suspicions were often created by
+trivial but well-intended acts or remarks that were susceptible of a
+double construction, and loyal sentiment was often so pronounced in its
+denunciation of the South that no word or remark could be tolerated
+that by any possibility could be construed as a criticism of the
+administration, a disapproval of the war or of any detail relating to
+its conduct. For example, not long after our return from China, while
+Mr. Gouverneur and I were visiting my sister, Mrs. Eames, in Washington,
+we were watching one day a newly equipped regiment from Vermont while
+passing her residence _en route_ for the seat of war, when Mr. Eames
+remarked, "Gouverneur, isn't that a fine regiment?" My husband, who then
+and always thereafter was thoroughly loyal to the cause of the Union,
+but whose military training had made him familiar with the precise
+tactics and evolutions of regular troops, replied: "They need training,"
+when Mr. Eames, with much warmth of feeling, exclaimed: "You are a
+secessionist, sir!"
+
+That, however, represented but a mild state of feeling compared with
+that sometimes entertained between those who were loyal to the Union and
+others who sympathized with the South. I recall one conspicuous instance
+where such antagonistic views resulted in personal animosity that
+severed tender personal relations of long standing. When I left the
+country a lifelong intimacy had existed between Mrs. Charles Vanden
+Heuvel, a granddaughter of Robert Morris, the great financier of the
+Revolution, and Mrs. George Gibbs, granddaughter of the Connecticut
+statesman, Oliver Wolcott; but after the outbreak of the war these two
+elderly women differed so radically in their views concerning the
+conflict that, for a period, their personal relations were severed. The
+spirit of toleration was so utterly lacking in both the North and the
+South that even those allied by ties of blood were estranged, and a
+spirit of bitter resentment and crimination everywhere prevailed. This
+state of feeling, under the circumstances, was doubtless inevitable, but
+it emphasized better than almost anything else, except bloodshed itself,
+the truth of General Sherman's declaration that "War is Hell!"
+
+The animosities engendered by the war ruptured family ties and familiar
+associations in Maryland much more completely than in the North. One of
+the Needwood families was that of Outerbridge Horsey, who was a
+pronounced Southern sympathizer, while not far away at Mount O'Donnell,
+a superb old estate, lived General Columbus O'Donnell, who ardently
+espoused the cause of the Union. Mr. Horsey had a son born just after a
+Southern victory whom he named Robert Victor Lee; but later, after a
+Confederate defeat, General O'Donnell suggested that the name be changed
+to Robert "Skedaddle" Lee, whereupon Mr. Horsey retorted that he thought
+the name of a grandchild of General O'Donnell might appropriately be
+changed to George "Retreat" McClellan. Of Charles Oliver O'Donnell, one
+of the General's sons, I retain the pleasantest memories. He was a
+gentleman of attractive personality and a genial nature. His first wife
+was Lucinia de Sodr�, daughter of Luis Pereira de Sodr�, who at the time
+of his daughter's marriage was the Brazilian Minister in Washington. Mr.
+O'Donnell's second wife was Miss Helen Sophia Carroll of Baltimore.
+
+After remaining a few months in New York and a shorter period in
+Washington, we visited Mr. Gouverneur's father, who was still living at
+Needwood in Maryland. Here we found a radical change of scene, for we
+were now in close proximity to the seat of war. On our journey southward
+we were somewhat delayed by the rumor that General Lee was about to
+enter Maryland, rendering it necessary for us to procure passes, which
+was accomplished through the courtesy of General Edward Shriver, a
+native of Frederick, who held at the time an important official position
+in Baltimore. We had thought when we arrived in New York that public
+feeling ran high, but it was mild compared with our observations and
+experiences in Maryland, and we never dared to predict what a day would
+bring forth. Mr. Gouverneur's father was a pronounced Northern man, but
+his wife's relatives, as well as most of his neighbors, sympathized with
+the South. Soon after the outbreak of the war, while we were yet in
+China, and at the period when Maryland was wavering between the North
+and South, and to anxious spectators secession seemed almost inevitable,
+my father-in-law and ex-Governor Philip F. Thomas left one morning on a
+hurried trip to Frederick, where the State Legislature was convened in
+special session, instead of at the State Capitol in Annapolis, which was
+then occupied by Union troops. A report had reached them that the
+legislature would probably declare for secession and call a convention
+to take into consideration an ordinance for the accomplishment of that
+end, and they desired to exert whatever influence they could command to
+retain the State in the Union. The national administration, however, was
+equally alert, and a measure much more effective, in this instance, than
+moral suasion was employed to defeat the adherents of the Southern
+cause. General John A. Dix arrested ten members-elect of the State
+Legislature, the mayor of Baltimore, a congressman and two editors;
+while in Frederick, General Nathaniel P. Banks took into custody nine
+other members who, under the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus,
+were confined for a time either in Fort Lafayette in New York or in Fort
+Warren in Boston. I well remember that one of these was Severn Teackle
+Wallis of Baltimore, a lawyer of exceptional prominence and ability and
+a universal favorite in society.
+
+Shortly before the battle of Gettysburg, when Frederick County was
+occupied by the Union troops, many of the officers dined at Needwood. A
+little later, although over forty miles away, we knew that a great
+battle was in progress, as we distinctly heard the steady firing of
+heavy artillery. The news of the great Union victory finally reached us
+and I listened in silent sympathy to the rejoicing of the Unionists and
+heard the lamentations of the sympathizers with the Southern cause.
+
+After the battle of Gettysburg, the disorganized Southern army came
+straggling along through Maryland, their objective point being Harper's
+Ferry; while General George G. Meade with his troops was on South
+Mountain, within sight of the former locality. During the night there
+arose one of the most violent storms I have ever known, and we naturally
+supposed that it would render the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers, which
+meet at Harper's Ferry, absolutely impassable, as all bridges had, of
+course, been destroyed. The storm raged with such fury that we were
+actually afraid to go to bed. Mr. Gouverneur and I were elated because
+we believed it meant the end of hostilities and the Union restored; for
+in our opinion, it seemed impossible for human beings to successfully
+contend with the elements and at the same time to live under the fire of
+Meade's guns. It would therefore be difficult to describe our surprise
+when we learned the next morning that Lee's troops had safely crossed
+the Potomac and were again on the soil of Virginia.
+
+Several days later Mr. Gouverneur and I were driving on the national
+turnpike, commonly called the Hagerstown pike, when we encountered the
+Union army. Our destination was the country seat of ex-Governor Philip
+F. Thomas, two miles from Frederick and within the shadow of Catoctin
+mountain, which we were contemplating as a future home. Our travel was
+not impeded except by an occasional inquiry in regard to our political
+sentiments, as the Northern army was prone to believe that every
+sojourner in Maryland at this time was an adherent of the South. This
+national turnpike, which has been and still is a well-traveled
+thoroughfare, was constructed at a cost of several million dollars and
+was generally regarded as an extravagance of John Adams' administration.
+In speaking of this road, which begins at Georgetown, D.C., and crosses
+the mountains into Kentucky, Henry Clay once remarked that no one need
+go abroad for scenery after viewing "the Valley of the Shenandoah,
+Harper's Ferry, and the still more beautiful Middletown valley."
+
+We were so favorably impressed by the Thomas place that we decided to
+purchase it and in a short time found ourselves permanent residents of
+Frederick County, in Maryland. We changed the name from "Waverley" to
+"_Po-ne-sang_," which was the name of a Chinese Mission and meant "a
+small hill." After seeing the children and myself comfortably
+established in our new home, Mr. Gouverneur felt that he was now free to
+give his services to the country for which he had so valiantly fought
+during the Mexican War. As he was still in exceedingly delicate health,
+active service in the field with all the exposures of camp life was
+entirely out of the question but, desirous of rendering such services as
+he could, he wrote the following letter to Major General Henry W.
+Halleck, Commander in Chief of our Army:--
+
+     On my return from China, where I held the office of Consul
+     of the U.S., in the early part of May last I had the honor,
+     through the Honorable Secretary of State, to offer my
+     services to the President of the United States in any
+     capacity in which my military or other experience might
+     enable me to serve my country in its present hour of peril.
+     To my communication to this effect I have received no reply.
+
+     I have the honour now to tender to you my services on your
+     staff in some position wherein they may prove most
+     available.
+
+     The record of my former services in Mexico is on the files
+     of the War Department, and I am without vanity led to
+     believe that the historical associations which place my name
+     in connection with that of James Monroe may give a prestige
+     in our cause not wholly valueless. In conclusion I beg to
+     add that the subject of compensation with me would be a
+     matter of indifference.
+
+General Halleck replied as follows:--
+
+     Washington, July 30, 1863.
+
+     Samuel L. Gouverneur Jr.
+     New York.
+
+     Sir,
+
+     The law authorizing the appointment of additional aides has
+     been repealed. Moreover, I have long since refused to
+     nominate except for distinguished or meritorious military
+     services. It is true that some have been put upon my staff
+     without having rendered any service at all, but they were
+     not nominated by me, and I do not recognize their
+     appointment as legal.
+
+          Yours &c.,
+
+               H. W. HALLECK,
+               Major General Commanding.
+
+General Halleck seemed to be ignorant of the fact that the chief
+requisite for serving upon his staff was not wanting in the case of my
+husband, who, as before stated, was brevetted for gallantry and
+meritorious conduct at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco in the
+Mexican War.
+
+Halleck's reply was a bitter disappointment to Mr. Gouverneur but a
+tremendous relief to me, as I knew he was not in the condition of health
+to serve even as a staff-officer. When he originally broached the
+subject to me I did not try to dissuade him, as I felt that I had no
+moral right to interfere with his ideas of duty to his country. The
+Halleck letter, therefore, brought about a state of affairs in our
+household much more satisfactory than my most sanguine anticipations.
+Mr. Gouverneur, having done his full duty, gave up his idea of
+re-entering the Army and, in a spirit of contentment, began to take up
+life in our new home.
+
+During the month of August, 1863, we had just gotten fairly settled
+when the Confederate guerrilla chieftain, John S. Mosby, appeared at our
+door with his band of marauders. Their visit was brief and we were
+spared the usual depredations--why, we knew not, unless it were owing to
+the fact that Mr. Gouverneur's nephew, James Monroe Heiskell, a mere boy
+of sixteen, who ran away from home and swam across the Potomac to join
+Mosby's band, possibly accompanied him. Mosby's men in the East and
+Morgan's rangers in the West represented a species of ignoble warfare.
+In reality they did not benefit the cause which they professed to serve,
+but merely molested inoffensive farmers by carrying off their stock and
+thus depriving them of their means of livelihood. In recent years I
+discussed with a Confederate officer, the late General Beverly
+Robertson, Mosby's mode of warfare, and he surprised but gratified me
+very much by saying that in his opinion, it was a great injury to the
+Southern cause. It seems hardly just that, during President Grant's
+administration and later, official positions should have been bestowed
+upon Mosby while the interests of other Confederate officers who had
+fought a fair and honorable fight and had battled, moreover, for their
+country during the Mexican War, should have been neglected.
+
+These war experiences furnished strenuous days for us in our new home
+and we lived in a state of constant excitement. I well recall the first
+morning it was announced to us by one of the colored servants, while we
+were at the breakfast table, that "the rebels were coming," and the
+feeling of timidity that nearly overpowered me. Very soon some troops
+under the command of General Bradley T. Johnson, a native of Frederick,
+marched upon our lawn and encamped all around us. General Johnson
+immediately came to our door and, although I was in anything but a
+comfortable frame of mind, I summoned all my courage and met him at the
+threshold. In a very courtly manner--too much so, in fact, to be
+expected in time of war--he remarked, "You are a stranger here, madam."
+I responded: "My life here has been short; my name is Gouverneur." He at
+once said: "I suppose you are a relative of Mr. Gouverneur of the
+Maryland Tract." I admitted the fact although I was not quite sure it
+was discreet to do so, as the Union sentiments of my father-in-law were
+generally well known, and I was talking to a Confederate General. He and
+his officers spent some time with us and we found them exceedingly
+friendly, and thus, at least for a time, the terrors of war were
+averted. Many years later I met General Johnson in my own drawing-room
+when he and his wife came from Baltimore to attend the wedding of my
+daughter, Ruth Monroe, to his cousin, Doctor William Crawford Johnson,
+of Frederick. We naturally discussed our first meeting when he was
+greeted with less cordiality than he received during his present visit.
+
+Upon learning of the approach of the Confederates, we made rapid
+preparations for their advent. As we had learned from our neighbors that
+the South stood in great need of horses and we owned a number of them of
+more than usual value, Mr. Gouverneur seized upon an ingenious plan for
+concealing them. Under our house was a fine cellar which, unfortunately,
+the horses refused to enter until the steps leading into it were
+removed. When this had been done, they were led down one by one into a
+darkened room, and bags were securely tied over their eyes to prevent
+them from neighing. During the visit of the Confederates, which seemed
+to us interminably long, owing to our anxiety about the horses, General
+Johnson sat directly over their hiding place; but they behaved like
+well-bred beasts and never uttered a sound. I had serious misgivings,
+however, when I saw a mounted officer, riding around the house to make a
+survey of the premises, stop at the upturned steps. For a moment I
+thought all was over and my feelings were akin to those, I fancy, of a
+person secreting stolen goods; but the investigation happily went no
+further and he rode on.
+
+When the active preparations for hiding the horses were in progress my
+children were running hither and thither and watching the process with
+much interest and excitement. I called them to me and in my sternest
+tones told them of the near approach of the soldiers and gave them to
+understand that if they said "horse" or "rebel devil" in their presence
+I should punish them severely. They had been taught by the negroes on
+the place to call the Southerners "rebel devils," and I feared for the
+result if they allowed their childish tongues to wag too freely. A few
+hours later I spoke to one of the little girls upon some topic entirely
+foreign to our original subject, but she was so overawed by my threat
+and the presence of the troops that she seemed afraid to utter a word.
+After a little encouragement, however, she crept up to my side and
+whispered: "Mamma, they have taken all of our saddles!" General Johnson
+was still sitting on our porch, when a soldier approached and asked for
+an ax. One was immediately procured, when the General, asking the man's
+name, said: "That ax is to be returned." This order struck me as
+somewhat ludicrous when a little later I learned that the ax was to be
+used in demolishing all of our fences! This precaution was deemed
+important in order to facilitate, if necessary, a more speedy retreat.
+
+As night approached we were asked if a guard would be acceptable, and we
+were only too glad to avail ourselves of such protection. As we were
+closing the house for the night, after our strenuous day, one of the
+soldiers on guard duty remarked to me, in a friendly voice: "Now I am
+going to bed!" In my astonishment I said: "Where?" The smiling response
+was: "On the porch, to be sure!" In this state of unrest there was no
+repose for us that night and we did not even attempt to undress, as we
+knew not what an hour might bring forth. Just before dawn there was a
+knock upon the front door and, upon opening it, I found facing me a
+guard who, without any apology, said: "I left my boots inside!" Before I
+had locked the front door again and returned to my room, the Southerners
+had "folded up their tents like the Arabs and as silently stolen away."
+Only a short period had elapsed when several mounted officers dashed up
+our driveway and anxiously inquired: "Where are the guards?" They gave
+me only time enough to say, "They have gone," when they rode rapidly
+away. We came to the conclusion that they were young men visiting their
+relatives and friends in Frederick and that the retreat was so sudden
+that no word of warning could be sent them.
+
+We realized the next day that the hasty departure of the Confederates
+was timely, as the Union Army was encamped all around us. Some of the
+officers came to see us and Mr. Gouverneur invited them to dine. This
+was a period of sudden transitions, for that night the Union Army
+retreated and the next day the Confederates were with us again, dining
+upon the remnants of the meal left by their adversaries. It was all we
+had to give them, as all our colored servants, having been told that
+they would be captured and taken further South, had fled upon hearing of
+the second visit of the Confederates. This was naturally a trying
+experience for me, as no servant except a Chinese maid was left upon the
+place and I was in a strange locality. But luckily I found the last set
+of officers pleasant and congenial and ready to make due allowance for
+all household deficiencies. Several of them were natives of Loudoun
+County, Virginia, and were familiar with our name, as they had lived
+near Oak Hill, the estate of Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, where my
+husband had passed a portion of his early life. We soon learned that
+country life during war times without satisfactory servants was much
+more than either Mr. Gouverneur or I had sufficient courage or strength
+to bear. This state of affairs resulted in my husband going to New York,
+where he secured a family of Irish immigrants consisting of a woman and
+three men. The relative positions of the two armies in our general
+vicinity had meanwhile shifted several times and we never knew from day
+to day whether we were destined to greet friend or foe.
+
+On the particular morning of which I am about to speak, the Confederates
+were again with us. They were apparently unacquainted with the
+topography of the surrounding country and were naturally desirous of
+securing such information as should enable them, in case of necessity,
+to effect a speedy and secure retreat. We received an early call from
+several of their officers who inquired the way to the "Alms House Road."
+We had been so busily engaged in trying to settle ourselves down under
+such adverse circumstances that we knew actually nothing of the
+surrounding country; and, when Mr. Gouverneur informed our visitors of
+this fact, they looked at one another in such a decidedly incredulous
+way as to convince us that they thought we were withholding information.
+My husband finally sent for John Demsey, one of our Irish immigrants,
+who had driven considerably around the adjacent country, and one of the
+officers in a rather offensive manner renewed his query about the "Alms
+House Road." To our chagrin, John's answer was, "I do not know;" and Mr.
+Gouverneur, realizing that affairs were assuming a rather serious
+aspect, said: "John, you do know; tell the officer at once." With true
+Irish perspicacity he exclaimed: "Oh, sir, you mean the 'Poor House
+road'--I know that;" and forthwith gave the desired information. In
+anything but pleasant tones the Irish youth was told by the officers to
+accompany them as guide, and the order was obeyed with both fear and
+alacrity. Mr. Gouverneur then exacted from the commanding officer his
+word of honor that the man be permitted to return, and remarked at the
+same time, in an ironical manner, that if they continued to tear down
+our fences and commit other depredations we should all of us know the
+location of the Alms House.
+
+At a much later period General Jubal A. Early's Army passed our door _en
+route_, as at least he hoped, for Washington. General John B. Gordon
+sent an orderly to our house with his compliments to ask for a map of
+Frederick County, which we were unable to supply. All through the day
+the Southern troops continued to march by, until, towards sunset, the
+rear of the last column halted in front of our place. As we knew that a
+battle was imminent, we awaited the result with beating hearts and
+anxious hopes. When the firing of cannon began we know that the battle
+of the Monocacy had begun and were truly grateful that it was four miles
+away! The battle was short and decisive and the Southern Army was
+repulsed. The wounded soldiers were conveyed to Frederick, where
+hospitals were improvised, and the dead were laid to rest in Mount
+Olivet Cemetery, on the outskirts of the city. Both Northern and
+Southern sympathizers became skilled nurses and their gentle
+ministrations resulted in several instances in romantic attachments.
+Among the young physicians left in Frederick to attend the wounded
+soldiers was Doctor Robert S. Weir, who subsequently became
+distinguished as a surgeon in New York City. While stationed at the
+hospital in Frederick, he met a daughter of Robert G. McPherson, whom at
+the conclusion of the war he married. Mrs. McPherson was Miss Milicent
+Washington, who was a direct descendant of Colonel Samuel Washington, a
+younger brother of George Washington, and whose five wives are all
+interred in the graveyard at the old family home, Harewood, in Jefferson
+County, Virginia. Mrs. McPherson, one of whose ancestors was Miss Ann
+Steptoe, who married Willoughby Allerton, was also a niece of "Dolly"
+Madison.
+
+Prior to the battle of the Monocacy I discovered that our house was
+again surrounded by quite a number of Northern soldiers. This was an
+usual occurrence, to be sure, but this time they were making such a
+careful scrutiny of the premises that I was led to inquire of one of
+them what object they had in view. To my utter dismay I was informed
+that as our house was upon a hill they had selected it as "a position,"
+and that our safest place was in the cellar. We soon realized the wisdom
+of this retreat as shells began to fly around us from several directions
+and with much rapidity. We spent the greater part of the day
+underground, wondering all the while how long our involuntary
+imprisonment would last, as these dark and dismal quarters were
+naturally a great restraint upon the children and exceedingly depressing
+to Mr. Gouverneur and myself.
+
+Although Northern in our sentiments, we sometimes preferred the visits
+of the Confederates to those of their adversaries, owing to the greater
+consideration which we received from them. Upon the arrival of our own
+soldiers, their first act was to search the house from garret to cellar.
+At first I indignantly inquired their object and was curtly informed
+that they were searching for "concealed rebels." I gradually tolerated
+this mode of procedure until one morning when we were routed up at five
+o'clock, and then I protested. The Union soldiers took it for granted
+that, owing to the locality of our home, we were Southern sympathizers,
+and accordingly at times seemed to do everything in their power to make
+us uncomfortable. During those trying days I frequently recalled the
+wise saying of Marechal Villars, "Defend me from my friends, I can
+defend myself from my enemies." We noticed, however, a great difference
+in the conduct of the various detachments of the Union Army with which
+we came in contact. We always greeted the appearance of the 6th Army
+Corps with much enthusiasm. It was composed of stalwart and sturdy
+veterans of the regular Army; and I trust its survivors will accept my
+humble tribute of respect and esteem. Very early in the morning of the
+day following the departure of some members of this corps from
+_Po-ne-sang_ a private appeared at one of our rear doors and inquired
+when the troops had departed. He had been indulging in a sound sleep
+under one of the broken fences and was wholly unconscious that his
+comrades had moved away. He hesitated for some minutes as to the course
+he should pursue and then hurried off toward Hagerstown. We subsequently
+learned that he was shot at a point not far distant and were impressed
+anew by the bloody horrors attending our Civil War.
+
+General David Hunter made frequent visits to Frederick and his approach
+was regarded with terror by those in sympathy with the Southern cause.
+It was he who performed the unpleasant duty of sending persons suspected
+of disloyalty further South, thereby often separating families. Many of
+his victims were elderly people and it is difficult for me at this late
+day to describe the amount of distress these orders occasioned. I
+remember one case particularly well, that of Dr. John Thomas McGill, a
+practicing physician who, together with his wife, was ordered to proceed
+immediately. Mrs. McGill was in very delicate health and the fright
+caused by such summary proceedings, which by the way were not carried
+out, tremendous Union influences having been brought to bear, resulted
+in death. Many years after the war I attended a supper party at the home
+of Judge and Mrs. John Ritchie, when the guests drifted into war
+reminiscences. Dr. McGill was present and, as the conversation
+progressed, he was so overcome by his emotion that an apoplectic stroke
+was feared.
+
+During the numerous visits of the Confederate army to Frederick County,
+General "Joe" Johnston became a great favorite and for some time made
+his headquarters in the city of Frederick. I learned from Colonel
+William Richardson, a beloved citizen of that place, that the General
+was especially solicitous concerning the welfare of the men under his
+command. One day, for example, he found one of his soldiers eating raw
+persimmons and at once reproved him for partaking of such unsuitable
+food. The soldier explained that he was adapting his stomach to the
+character of his rations. Although we did not see Stonewall Jackson's
+troops pass on their march to Frederick, we were aware of their presence
+there. Barbara Frietchie, whom Whittier has immortalized, lived in a
+small house on West Patrick Street, adjoining Carroll Creek, but whether
+she ever waved a Union flag as Stonewall Jackson's men were passing is a
+question concerning which opinions differ. Southern sympathizers deny
+it, while persons of Northern sentiments living in Frederick assert that
+the verses of the Quaker poet represent the truth. At any rate, a woman
+with such a name "lived and moved and had her being" in that city. She
+was interred in the burying ground of the German Reformed Church, and
+frequently pilgrimages are made to her grave, over which floats a Union
+flag not far from where
+
+    The clustered spires of Frederick stand
+    Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.
+
+I may state, in passing, that it was during the Civil War that the word
+"shoddy" was coined. It was originally used to designate a class of
+inferior goods intended for use in the army from the sale of which many
+fortunes were made. Later the word was employed to designate those who
+used such goods; and thus, by extension, one heard not only of "shoddy
+people," but also of "shoddy parties," "shoddy clothes," and so on.
+
+We heartily shared in the rejoicings of the North when General Lee
+surrendered. In our country home we had lived in an actual condition of
+camp life so long that at its conclusion I remarked to my husband in a
+jocular vein that I was prepared for a life with the Comanches! We
+restored our damaged fences, dug up our silver which had been buried
+many months under a tree in the garden, and Mr. Gouverneur began to turn
+his attention to agriculture. Our farm was among the finest in Frederick
+County, which is usually regarded as one of the garden spots of the
+country. Our social relations had been entirely suspended, as the
+distractions attending the war had kept us so actively employed; but
+that was now a past episode and we began making pleasant acquaintances
+from Frederick and the surrounding country. Among our first visitors
+were Judge and Mrs. William P. Maulsby; Richard M. Potts and his
+brother, George Potts; Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Trail; the Rev. Dr. and
+Mrs. George Diehl and their daughter Marie, who in subsequent years
+endeared herself to the residents of Frederick; Mrs. John McPherson and
+her daughter, Mrs. Worthington Ross; Dr. and Mrs. Fairfax Schley; Judge
+and Mrs. John Ritchie; Mr. and Mrs. Jacob M. Kunkel; and the Rev.
+Marmaduke Dillon-Lee, an Englishman who had served in the British Army
+and at this time was the rector of All Saints Episcopal Church in
+Frederick. He had been selected for this pulpit on account of his
+neutral political views and we found in him a congenial acquaintance. He
+remained in Frederick, however, for only a short period after the war
+and was succeeded by the deservedly beloved Rev. Dr. Osborne Ingle, who,
+after a pastorate of nearly half a century, recently passed to his
+reward. I can not pass this Godly man by without an encomium to his
+memory. He came to Frederick as a very young man and throughout his long
+rectorship he was truly a leader of his flock and, like the "Good
+Shepherd of Old," the sheep knew him and loved him.
+
+It did not take long for Mr. Gouverneur and me to discover that neither
+of us was adapted to a country life under the conditions prevailing at
+the close of the War--so very different from those existing in that
+locality at a later period. He knew nothing of practical farming and I
+knew nothing of practical cooking. Although I was never entirely without
+domestic service, as I always had with me the Chinese maid whom I had
+brought from the East, we were not fitted, at the best, for such a life.
+The result was that after one winter's experience we made _Po-ne-sang_
+only our summer home. During the trials and tribulations of that distant
+winter I often recalled a remark which Lord Chesterfield is said to have
+made to several persons whom he disliked: "I wish you were married and
+settled in the country." It has even been asserted that, in his
+absentmindedness and excitement incident to encountering an infuriated
+cow, he addressed the beast with the same words. This was a favorite
+anecdote of General Scott, and it appealed to me then as well as now, as
+I regard country life a forlorn fate for all women excepting possibly
+those who are endowed with large wealth with which to gratify every
+passing whim.
+
+The primitive life we led at _Po-ne-sang_ was full of annoyances and
+discouragements. For example, we had no running water in our house and
+were supposed to supply ourselves from a cistern in the yard which had
+contracted the bad habit of running dry and for inconvenient periods
+remaining so. We were therefore compelled to carry all our water from a
+neighbor's spring at least a quarter of a mile away. We tried to remedy
+this defect by boring an artesian well, but all our attempts were
+unsuccessful. Country life was distasteful to cooks as they preferred to
+live in a city where they could make and mingle with friends, and I soon
+learned that if I wanted to keep a servant I must hire one who had a
+baby, and that is just what I did. Although country life was distasteful
+to her, too, she took her dose of medicine because she could not help
+herself as no one else would employ her. Often these babies were a
+source of great care to me, as their mothers would neglect
+them--sometimes from ignorance but more frequently from sheer
+indifference. I remember one cook whose baby, owing to the lack of
+proper attention, was actually in danger of starving to death. She kept
+it in a wooden box under a tree in the garden, and I was obliged at
+stated intervals to see that the child was fed.
+
+During our summers at _Po-ne-sang_ our servants made both hard and soft
+soap in a large kettle which swung from an iron tripod in the yard. They
+also made apple and peach butter, a German marmalade that was highly
+regarded in that section of the country. The apples or peaches were
+allowed to cook slowly all day in a kettle suspended from the tripod and
+were stirred by wooden paddles, whose handles were long enough to enable
+them to be worked at a convenient distance from the fire. In making this
+marmalade, cider was regarded as an important ingredient and the sugar
+was seldom added until the last. Mr. Gouverneur experimented somewhat in
+wine making. His success was almost phenomenal and we enjoyed the fruits
+of his labor for many years. He used Catawba grapes entirely, which were
+brought to our door in wagon-loads by the country folk who surrounded
+us.
+
+The Maryland mountaineers, as I knew them, were very similar in life and
+character to those in North Carolina, of whom more or less has been
+written the last few years. They had peculiar customs as well as quaint
+modes of action and expression, and invented names for things and
+conditions to suit themselves. I remember, for example, that when
+persons showed signs of physical illness and the exact nature of their
+maladies was uncertain they were said to have "the gobacks." Frederick
+County was settled by the early Germans and many of their expressions
+are still in vogue. A peach dried whole with the seed retained is
+called a _hutzel_, and dried apples are _snitz_. In this connection I am
+reminded of a German family named House, which resided in Frederick and
+consisted of four maiden sisters. Their means were limited and they eked
+out their living by stamping from original designs and taking in plain
+sewing. Their front door was always locked and bolted, and to reach the
+inmates it was necessary to pass through a gate leading into a long
+alley and thence through a scrupulously clean kitchen and up the steep
+and narrow back stairs to a small rear room, where sat these four
+spinsters. The first one who met you said, "Good-morning," and the
+others repeated the salutation in turn until the last one was reached,
+who simply said, "Morning." This laughable procedure was followed in
+their subsequent conversation, for one of them had only to lead off with
+a remark and the others repeated the close of it. It is said that
+Crissie, the youngest of the quartette, once had a beau with whom she
+sat each night for many years in their prim parlor and that, when he
+finally jilted her, one of her sisters was heard to remark, _�propos_ of
+the broken engagement: "Just think of all them candles wasted!"
+
+The second winter of our Maryland life was spent at a hotel in Frederick
+where we formed a lasting friendship with our fellow boarders, Judge and
+Mrs. John A. Lynch. With my historical as well as social tastes, I found
+the McPherson household a source of great pleasure and intellectual
+profit to me. I knew Mrs. "Fanny" McPherson, as she was invariably
+called, only as an elderly woman who retained all the graces and charms
+of youth. To listen to her tales of bygone days was a pleasure upon
+which I even yet delight to dwell. She lived to a very great age
+surrounded by her children, her grandchildren and her
+great-grandchildren, and went to her grave beloved by all. She was the
+granddaughter of Thomas Johnson, the first Governor of Maryland. I
+remember reading on one occasion a letter which she took great pride in
+showing me, written to her grandfather by Washington, offering him the
+position of Secretary of State in his cabinet. This flattering offer he
+declined, but to him is said to belong the honor of having nominated
+Washington as Commander in Chief of the Army.
+
+Mrs. McPherson was nearly related to Mrs. John Quincy Adams, who was
+Louisa Catharine Johnson of this same Maryland family, and, as she was
+an occasional visitor at the White House during her relative's residence
+there, she mingled with many prominent people. I recall a weird story
+she once told me in connection with a daughter of Smith Thompson,
+Secretary of the Navy under President Monroe. It seems she married the
+Viscount Paul Alfred de Bresson, the third Secretary of the French
+Embassy in Washington, and subsequently many elaborate entertainments
+were given in her honor in Washington. She returned with her husband to
+Europe and several months later her family received the announcement of
+her death. As they had only recently received a letter from her, when
+apparently she was in the best of health and spirits, they felt somewhat
+skeptical and wrote at once for more definite information. A few weeks
+later a package reached them containing her heart preserved in alcohol.
+Mrs. McPherson's older daughter, Mrs. Worthington Ross, lived with her
+mother and ministered with loving hands to her wants in her old age,
+while the remainder of her life was devoted to unselfish labor in her
+Master's vineyard. Her memory, as well as that of her only child, Fanny
+McPherson Ross, who passed onward and upward before her, is still
+revered in Frederick.
+
+Mr. Gouverneur and I also formed a pleasant acquaintance with Rev. Dr.
+John McElroy, whose remarkable career in the Catholic Church is well
+worthy of notice. Coming to this country as a mere lad, he engaged in
+mercantile pursuits in Georgetown, D.C., and when about sixteen years
+of age became a lay Jesuit and in 1817 entered the priesthood. After
+ministering to Trinity church in Georgetown for several years, he was
+transferred, at the request of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, to
+Frederick, where he built St. John's church, a college, an academy, an
+orphan asylum, and the first free school in the city. After remaining
+there for twenty-three years and establishing a reputation for devotion
+to his church and rare executive ability that made him one of the most
+useful Jesuits in the country, he was sent back to his old church in
+Georgetown and the following year went to the Mexican War as Chaplain in
+the regiment commanded by Caleb Cushing. During our occasional
+conversations it seemed to afford him more than usual pleasure to
+discuss with me the ability of his distinguished military chief. After
+the war he was sent to Boston, where he became pastor of St. Mary's
+church, and built the Boston College and the Church of the Immaculate
+Conception. At the age of ninety, he became blind and retired to the
+scene of his early labors in Frederick, where, as the oldest Jesuit in
+the world, he died in the fall of 1877. I remember meeting him one day
+on the street when he proudly announced that it was his birthday and
+that he was sixty-nine years of age. I knew him to be much older, and my
+words of astonishment evidently revived his senses for, realizing that
+he had reversed his figures, he corrected himself by adding, "I mean
+ninety-six." At that time he was quite active, considering his extreme
+age, and to the close of his life was much respected and beloved by the
+residents of Frederick, irrespective of creed. I attended his funeral
+and he was laid to rest in the burying ground of the old Novitiate which
+he founded. It was then that I saw for the first time the grave of Chief
+Justice Roger B. Taney. The two-story brick house in Frederick in which
+he lived is still standing, but it would be regarded with contempt by
+any of the present Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States.
+But how natural, for how changed are the times! In an eloquent address
+subsequent to Taney's death, Charles O'Conor concluded with these words:
+"May the future historian in writing of Judge Roger B. Taney sorrowfully
+add, _Ultimus Romanorum_."
+
+Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Star-Spangled Banner," is also
+buried in Frederick soil. For many years his remains reposed in an
+unnoticed grave in Mount Olivet Cemetery but, through the efforts of the
+citizens of Frederick, and especially of its women, an imposing monument
+now towers above him surmounted by a superb male figure with
+outstretched arms. While living in Maryland I frequently met Chief
+Justice Salmon P. Chase at the residence of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough,
+and was much impressed by his imposing presence and courtly bearing.
+Many years before, he had been a tutor in the Frederick College, which
+still survives and whose walls bear the inscription "1797." Mrs.
+Goldsborough was a lifelong resident of Frederick and a woman of a high
+degree of intelligence. Her daughter, Miss Mary Catharine Goldsborough,
+I always numbered among my most cherished friends.
+
+After a pleasant sojourn of a number of months in Frederick, we went to
+spend the summer at _Po-ne-sang_, where we had the satisfaction of
+entertaining quite a number of old friends, among whom was the Hon.
+Lafayette S. Foster, then Vice-President _pro tempore_ of the United
+States. Maryland was a familiar as well as a cherished State to him, as
+in early life he had been a tutor in Centerville on the "Eastern Shore."
+Mr. Foster's visit was decidedly uneventful to him, as he was there
+entirely unheralded and without even a newspaper notice to announce his
+coming and going.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+VISIT TO THE FAR SOUTH AND RETURN TO WASHINGTON
+
+
+In the autumn of the same year I decided to make a long anticipated
+visit to Mrs. John Still Winthrop in Tallahassee, whose marriage in
+Gramercy Park I had attended so many years ago and which I have already
+described. My two younger children accompanied me, but my oldest
+daughter I left behind under her father's protecting care at the Misses
+Vernon's boarding school in Frederick. This period seemed especially
+suitable for such a long absence, as the whole time and attention of Mr.
+Gouverneur was engrossed in editing for publication a posthumous work of
+James Monroe, which was subsequently published by the Lippincotts under
+the title, "The People the Sovereigns." We sailed from New York and
+stopped _en route_ in Savannah to enable me to see my old friend and
+schoolmate, Mrs. William Neyle Habersham. Sherman in his "March to the
+Sea" had passed through Georgia, carrying with him destruction and
+devastation, and the suffering which this and other campaigns of the war
+had brought into the homes of these Southern people it would be
+difficult to describe. The whole South seemed to be shrouded in
+mourning, as nearly everyone I met had given up to the "Lost Cause" a
+husband or a son, and in some cases both. Two gallant sons of the
+Habershams, mere boys, had died upon the same battlefield, and when I
+saw Mr. Habersham for the first time after the war he was so overcome
+with grief that he was obliged to leave the room. Talented to an unusual
+degree and possessing much fortitude, his wife fought bravely for the
+sake of her dear ones still spared her, but every now and then her
+sorrow asserted itself anew and seemed more than her bleeding soul could
+bear. She was especially gifted with her pen, and about ten years after
+the war, while her heart was still wrung with grief, she wrote the
+following pathetic lines:--
+
+     Up above, the Pines make sweet music; sad, plaintive, for
+     must there not be a tone of "infinite sadness" in all the
+     places of Earth's finite gladness? From a spray of jessamine
+     I hear the chirp of a little bird--a young beginner; it
+     tries over and over again "its one plain passage of few
+     notes"--the prelude to the full-voice anthem which summer
+     will harmonize. Ah! what shades and sunlight! what coloring!
+     Green in the grass and trees, blue in the violets and sky,
+     gray in the moss, yellow in the jessamines, falling around
+     in a perfect Dan�an shower of burnished gold! My truant
+     fancy sees all this--and more! A dear hand that held mine, a
+     "pure hand," a boy's hand, that ere many summers had spread
+     out their gorgeous pageantry had drawn the sword for that
+     dear summer-land of the jessamine and pine--had drawn the
+     sword and dropped it; dropped it from the earnest, vigorous
+     clasp of glorious young manhood to lie still and calm,
+     life's duty nobly done; ah, a short young life but ... and
+     then the other young soldier! for is not my sorrow a twin
+     sorrow? Can they be dissevered? In death they were not
+     divided. My eyes grow dim. Wipe away the mist, poor mother!
+     to see the dear faces of sons and daughters gracing the
+     board. Let the blue of the violets breathe to thee rather of
+     endless skies and an eternal Heaven, where earth's finite
+     sadness is beautified into infinite gladness.
+
+We finally reached Tallahassee, where we found the most cordial welcome
+awaiting us. Mrs. Winthrop lived in the very heart of the city but our
+surroundings were much more beautiful than I can describe, for the
+orange trees and hyacinths and jessamine in full bloom and other wealth
+of semi-tropical vegetation were suggestive of an earthly Paradise.
+Since we last met my hostess had become a widow, but fortunately she and
+her only son, who was then just emerging into manhood, had not felt the
+personal vicissitudes of the struggle, as they had taken refuge in the
+mountains of North Carolina. Before the war the Winthrops had owned
+hundreds of slaves and most of them, in a state of freedom, were still
+living in quarters only a short distance from the house and were working
+on her plantations just as though the war had not made them free. But
+both among those who suffered from the war and those who escaped its
+ravages the unfriendly feeling entertained at this time against their
+Northern brethren was naturally intense. I remember that one Sunday
+morning a young son of Mrs. Custis, who with his mother was then an
+inmate of the Winthrop household, asked his mother, who had just
+returned from the early service of the Episcopal Church, whether "the
+'Yankees' went up to the same communion table with the Southern people."
+
+During my Tallahassee life I made the acquaintance of Madame Achill�
+Murat, who lived in an old mansion outside of the city limits. She was
+Miss Catharine A. Willis of Virginia, and a great-grandniece of General
+Washington. Upon her marriage to Achill� Murat he took her abroad, where
+she was received with much distinction on account of her Washington
+blood. Then, too, her marriage into such an illustrious French family
+was an open sesame to the most exclusive circles of society. She was an
+elderly woman when I met her, but her conversation abounded with the
+most interesting reminiscences of her life in France. She died in the
+summer of 1867. Achill� Murat was the son of Joachim Murat, the great
+Marshal of Napoleon, whose sister Caroline he married and became King of
+Naples. Many years later his two sons came to this country. One of them
+settled in Bordentown in New Jersey, and Achill� Murat, after his
+marriage to his Virginia bride, became a resident of Florida. Madame
+Murat told me of some of the visits she made to France when the voyage
+was long and tedious. She had many articles of _vertu_ around her, and I
+especially recall a superb marble bust by Canova of her mother-in-law,
+Queen Caroline. I expressed surprise at the extreme attractiveness of
+the late Queen, as I had always understood that the Princess Pauline,
+Napoleon's other sister, was the family beauty. Madame Murat, however,
+told me I was mistaken and that her royal mother-in-law was, in that
+respect, quite the equal of her sister.
+
+During my acquaintance with Madame Murat, Napoleon III. was on the
+throne of France, and I learned from our many friendly chats that her
+relations with her distinguished kinspeople were of the most cordial
+character; and I am informed that for many years the Emperor gave her an
+annuity. Hanging in her drawing-room, whose contents were replete with
+historic association, were two handsome portraits of the Emperor and
+Empress of France, which she called to my attention as recent gifts from
+her royal relatives. That prince of hosts, Gouverneur Kemble, once told
+me an amusing incident _�propos_ of Achill� Murat's resourcefulness
+under peculiar difficulties. On one occasion quite a number of foreign
+guests appeared at the Frenchman's door and, although Florida is a land
+"flowing with milk and honey," he was sorely perplexed to know what
+would be "toothsome and succulent" to serve for their repast. Suddenly
+an idea flashed upon him. He owned a large flock of sheep and, nothing
+daunted, gave immediate orders to have the tips of their ears cut off.
+These were served in due form, and his guests departed in total
+ignorance of what they had eaten but fully convinced that America
+produced the choicest of viands.
+
+Upon one of her numerous visits to France, Madame Murat was accompanied
+to the Louvre by Mr. Francis Porteus Corbin, a Virginian whose
+contemporaries proudly asserted was an adornment to any court. While
+they were engaged in viewing the works of art, Madame Murat was joined
+by Jerome Bonaparte, to whom she formally presented Mr. Corbin. When the
+opportunity arose Bonaparte inquired of his kinswoman who "the elegant
+gentleman" was. The ready response was: "Mr. Corbin, of Virginia."
+"Well," was the ejaculation, "I had no idea there was so much elegance
+in America."
+
+I think these pages will show that all through life I have had a decided
+fancy for older men and women. I can hardly account for this taste
+except by the fact that my predilections have always been of a decidedly
+historical character. As another instance, I especially enjoyed my
+meeting in the far South with Judge Thomas Randall, who made his home in
+Tallahassee, but who was originally from Annapolis. He did not allow
+advanced years to interfere with his social tastes, but frequently
+accompanied us to parties, where his vivacity rendered him one of the
+most acceptable of guests. Still another elderly gentleman with whom I
+had the pleasure of becoming acquainted during this Southern sojourn was
+Francis Wayles Eppes. He was the son of U.S. Senator John Wayles Eppes,
+whose wife was Maria Jefferson, elder daughter of Thomas Jefferson. He
+left Virginia many years prior to my acquaintance with him and settled
+with several members of the Randolph family in Western Florida when it
+was almost a wilderness.
+
+I left with keen regret this picturesque land of flowers and stately
+oaks, but duty called me home, as my husband and little daughter were
+growing impatient over our long absence. It would seem that the
+observance of timetables differed in those days according to localities
+and other circumstances. I was informed that the train I should take
+from Tallahassee would leave _about_ such and such a time; but upon my
+inquiring in Savannah as to whether the ship upon which I proposed to
+embark for Baltimore would leave on time, I was explicitly told by its
+captain that if I were a minute late I should not be one of its
+passengers.
+
+After my return to Maryland, the home of our adoption, we abandoned the
+idea of country life, sold our residence and took up our abode in
+Frederick. My children were now reaching an age when education became an
+important matter and I took advantage of the Frederick Female Seminary,
+an institution that has since become a college, as an excellent place to
+which to send my eldest daughter. It was during this period of
+transition that it was my good fortune to meet for the first time the
+wife of the Hon. Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia, who was a native
+of Frederick and a daughter of Gideon Bantz. Her two older daughters,
+Hallie, the widow of U.S. Senator Stephen B. Elkins, and Kate, who
+subsequently became the wife of Robert M. G. Brown of the U.S. Navy,
+were boarding pupils at the same school; and Mrs. Davis frequently
+visited them while there. My daughters formed an intimate friendship
+with Mrs. Brown, whom at a later day we often welcomed as a guest in our
+Washington home. She has since passed "over the river," having survived
+her mother for only a few months, and her memory is hallowed in my
+family circle. Mrs. Elkins, the promising young girl of so many years
+ago, is widely known in Washington and elsewhere for her womanly tact,
+intelligence and fine presence. Grace, another of Mrs. Davis' daughters,
+is now Mrs. Arthur Lee of Washington, but was born after my earlier
+acquaintance with her mother in Frederick. Loved and admired, she
+resides in Washington surrounded by an exclusive coterie, and devotes
+much of her time and means to works of philanthropy.
+
+The prominent authoress, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Ellet, was repeatedly our
+guest while we were living in Frederick. A volume of her poems had
+appeared as early as 1835, and she subsequently published quite a number
+of books which were highly regarded. When she first came to visit us,
+her "Women of the American Revolution" had just appeared and her journey
+to Maryland was for the purpose of collecting data for a new work which
+later was published under the title of "The Court Circles of the
+Republic." Besides being a gifted writer, Mrs. Ellet had considerable
+histrionic ability, and I have now before me an old newspaper clipping
+containing an account of an entertainment given by me in her honor when
+she recited from "Pickwick Papers", "Widow Bedott" and "The Lost Heir."
+Another party at which music and recitations were a prominent feature
+was given to Mrs. Ellet in Frederick by Mrs. Charles E. Trail, a gifted
+woman who thoroughly appreciated intellectual accomplishments wherever
+found.
+
+My first acquaintance with the Hon. Joseph Holt, who at the time was
+Judge Advocate General of the Army, began in Frederick in 1869. He was a
+Kentuckian by birth and, after serving for a time as Postmaster General
+under President Buchanan, succeeded, in 1860, John B. Floyd of Virginia
+as Secretary of War. He made frequent visits to Frederick where he was
+always the guest of the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. George Diehl. He was a typical
+Kentuckian, over six feet tall, and in my opinion no one could have
+known him well without being impressed by his intellectual ability.
+After we returned to Washington to live, in 1873, Judge Holt was a
+constant visitor at our home and I frequently attended handsome
+entertainments given in his residence on Capitol Hill. Although I have
+been in society more or less all of my life, I can say without hesitancy
+that he more perfectly understood and practiced the art of
+entertaining--it certainly _is_ an art, and possessed by but few--than
+any other person I have ever known. His second wife, who was Miss
+Margaret Anderson Wickliffe of Kentucky, had died in 1860 and, as he had
+no children, he was living entirely alone.
+
+From my earliest acquaintance with Judge Holt I was deeply impressed by
+the cloud of sadness that seemed to envelop him, and I never learned
+until I had known him many years and really called him my friend that he
+was laboring under a deep sense of wrong and injustice. Without entering
+into exhaustive details, the main facts are substantially these: In 1865
+Mr. Holt was Judge Advocate General of the Army and as such was the
+prosecuting officer before the Military Commission convened by order of
+President Johnson for the trial of Mrs. Mary E. Surratt and others for
+complicity in the assassination of Lincoln. The findings and sentence of
+the Commission were accompanied by a recommendation signed by a majority
+of its members in which they "respectfully pray the President, in
+consideration of the sex and age of the said Mary E. Surratt, if he can,
+upon all the facts in the case, find it consistent with his sense of
+duty to the country, to commute the sentence of death, which the Court
+have been constrained to pronounce, to imprisonment in the penitentiary
+for life." This recommendation for executive clemency remained unknown
+to the public until it was incidentally referred to by the Hon. Edwards
+Pierrepont, counsel for the government in the trial of Mrs. Surratt's
+son in 1867. This was followed in subsequent years, and after Andrew
+Johnson had ceased to be President, by a controversy in which
+reflections were made upon the personal and official integrity of Judge
+Holt by the charge that he had never presented the recommendation for
+clemency to the President. The matter finally sifted itself down to a
+question of personal veracity between the ex-President and Judge Holt,
+in which the latter affirmed that "he drew the President's attention
+specially to the recommendation in favor of Mrs. Surratt, which he read
+and freely commented on"; and was contradicted by the ex-President in
+the assertion that "in acting upon her case no recommendation for a
+commutation of her punishment was mentioned or submitted to me."
+
+The enemies of Holt accordingly held him indirectly responsible for Mrs.
+Surratt's execution, and against such a charge he naturally rebelled
+until the day of his death. The most cruel feature of the whole affair,
+however, and the one which probably did more than anything else to
+sadden and becloud the remaining days of Judge Holt's life, was the
+personal disloyalty of an eminent citizen of his own State, who had been
+his intimate friend from youth. I refer to James Speed, Andrew Johnson's
+Attorney General. In 1883, after most of the prominent actors in the
+scene were dead and the animosities caused by the controversy were
+largely allayed--at a time, too, when Holt realized that he was growing
+old and recognized more keenly than ever the importance of leaving
+behind a final refutation of the calumnies that had been heaped upon
+him--he appealed to Speed, who, he believed he had reason to assume was
+in possession of the exact facts of the case; but all that could be
+wrung from him were evasive words to the effect that he saw the petition
+for clemency in the President's office, without intimating whether it
+was before or after Mrs. Surratt's execution, and that he did not "feel
+at liberty to speak of what was said at cabinet meetings." An exchange
+of letters followed between the two in which Speed excused himself for
+six months on the pleas of bereavement and press of business, and that
+he had lost his glasses, when he finally replied:--"After very mature
+and deliberate consideration, I have come to the conclusion that I
+cannot say more than I have said." It is no wonder, then, that Holt,
+driven to desperation by such treatment, wrote to Speed:--"Your
+forbearance towards Andrew Johnson, of whose dishonorable conduct you
+have been so well advised, is a great mystery to me. With the stench of
+his baseness in your nostrils you have been all tenderness for him,
+while for me ... you have been as implacable as fate."
+
+While spending the summer of 1888 in Princeton, Massachusetts, I read in
+the _North American Review_ for July of the same year the correspondence
+relating to the Surratt question between Holt and Speed in 1883. Knowing
+Judge Holt as I did, having firm faith in his version of the
+controversy, believing him to be a victim of gross injustice and
+realizing withal how keenly through all these years he had felt the
+sting of misrepresentation, I wrote him a lengthy letter. It was not
+long before I received his reply, and I copy it here, as I believe it
+casts an additional sidelight upon a subject which caused this brilliant
+and high-minded gentleman bitter suffering from which he never wholly
+recovered. I add several more letters written to me by him which are
+beautiful in expression but pathetic in character.
+
+     WASHINGTON, August 26th, 1888.
+
+     Mrs. M. Gouverneur,
+
+     My dear Madam:
+
+     Your kind letter of the 14th instant was quite a surprise,
+     but a very agreeable one I assure you. My reply has been
+     thus long delayed from an impression that it would probably
+     more certainly reach your hands if addressed to you at
+     Frederick.
+
+     I have read and re-read your letter with increasing
+     gratification and thankfulness. Truly am I grateful for the
+     friendly spirit that prompted you to make so thorough an
+     examination of the Speed correspondence as your _r�sum�_ of
+     it discloses. That _r�sum�_ is in every way admirable. It
+     has the clearness and logical force of a first-class
+     lawyer's brief. Indeed, I was on the point of asserting that
+     you have a good lawyer's head on your shoulders, but prefer
+     saying that you have a head which obeying the inspirations
+     of your heart enables you to discern and _appreciate_ the
+     truth and extricate it, as well, from the entanglements of
+     chicanery and fraud. Be assured, my dear Madam, that I shall
+     treasure up your letter fondly, at once as a consolation and
+     as a powerful support of the endeavors which I have been
+     making for years to rescue my name from the obloquy of an
+     accusation, than which nothing falser or fouler ever fell
+     from the lips of men or devils.
+
+     It was a severe shock for my faith in human nature when
+     General Speed--with whom I had maintained relations of
+     cordial friendship for some fifty years--suddenly allowed
+     himself to become a compliant coadjutor of Andrew Johnson in
+     his diabolical plot to destroy me. The _r�le_ of suppressing
+     the truth, which he voluntarily assumed for himself and in
+     which--without explanation or defense--he persisted down to
+     his grave, amounted fully to this and to nothing less. Yet
+     during all of that time he _knew_ me to be innocent, as well
+     as I myself knew and know it, and this he never denied.
+     Alas, Alas! what a masquerade is human life, and amid its
+     heady currents how rarely do we pause to think of the
+     possibilities that lurk under the disguise of its spotless
+     reputations!
+
+     I should be rejoiced to hear that the Summer has strewed
+     flowers and only flowers on the paths of your "outing," and
+     that you will be able to return to Washington glad of heart
+     and reinvigorated for the social duties in which you find
+     and bestow so much pleasure. For my own isolated and infirm
+     life home was thought to be the best place, and hence I have
+     remained here happily finding under my own roof a
+     contentment that has left me without envy of those whose
+     more fortunate feet have sought the seashore and the
+     mountain slopes. You yourself, however, acted wisely and
+     well in going away, since the world is still pressing to
+     _your_ lips the sparkling cups, which for my own are now but
+     a dim, receding memory.
+
+     I congratulate you on Miss Rose's approaching marriage which
+     you have been so good as to announce, and sincerely hope
+     that all the bright visions which the coming event must be
+     awakening will have an abounding fulfilment. The invitation
+     with which you have honored me is accepted with thanks, and
+     I shall attend the ceremony with the higher gratification,
+     realizing as I shall how closely your own happiness is bound
+     up with that of your daughter.[3]
+
+          Faithfully and gratefully your friend,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, Nov. 3d, 1888.
+
+     My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     I am in receipt of your very welcome letter of the 1st
+     instant and hasten to send the "Index" as requested. Hope it
+     may be of service in illustrating and supporting your
+     application. I shall preserve the Admiral's [Rear Admiral
+     Francis A. Roe, U.S.N.] emphatic words as a cherished
+     testimonial. The language of Mrs. Stanard is also very
+     grateful to me. Her favorable opinion is the more prized and
+     precious because she has known me so long and so well.
+
+     And now, my dear good friend, how can I sufficiently thank
+     you for your generous interest in this trouble of
+     mine--which has been a thorn in my life for so many
+     years--and for your surpassingly kind offices which have
+     been so effectively exercised in connection with it? Be
+     assured that while my poor words cannot adequately express
+     it, my heart will always throb with gratitude for the tokens
+     of good will with which you have so honored and gladdened
+     me.
+
+     I feel much complimented by so early a receipt of the
+     invitation to Miss Rose's wedding, and I shall have great
+     joy in being present.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          Faithfully yours,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, D.C., January 21st, 1891.
+
+     Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     I regret to be obliged to acknowledge the receipt of your
+     welcome letter by the hand of another, owing to the
+     condition of my eyes. For many weeks their inflammation has
+     prevented me from reading or writing, and I fear that this
+     condition will continue for a good while to come. So soon as
+     I am able to do so I will either write or have the pleasure
+     of calling on you. In the meanwhile believe me most grateful
+     for your letter which, however, has been but imperfectly
+     read. The darkened chambers of my life never had more need
+     than at present of the sunshine which your sympathizing
+     letters have always brought me.
+
+          Very sincerely yours,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, D.C., Jan. 26th, 1893.
+
+     Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     Your last two letters have been received and I thank you
+     heartily for them. As tokens of your continued friendly
+     remembrance they are precious to me. I am much obliged for
+     the privilege of reading the letter of Mrs. Vance [Mrs.
+     Zebulon B. Vance], which is herewith returned. It is another
+     of the many indications I have had of the subtle and wide
+     spread circulation given to the Johnson-Speed calumny to
+     which you refer. It seems to me that the poison is beyond
+     the reach of any human antidote, and that I must look to God
+     alone for shelter from it. Your generous and effective good
+     offices in this matter, so deeply affecting my reputation
+     and happiness, have filled my heart with an enduring
+     gratitude.
+
+     Your unflagging solicitudes, too, for my poor waning life
+     have much added to that debt of gratitude, great as it was
+     and is. Let the good Lord be praised for ever and ever that
+     spirits such as yours have been born into the world.
+
+     I am obliged to address you in this brief and unsatisfactory
+     manner by the hand of another. After two years and a half of
+     continued treatment I have as yet received no relief
+     whatever, nor do the eminent physicians who have treated me
+     afford me any encouragement for the future. While the world
+     feasts, it is evident that _my_ lot is and must be _ashes_
+     for _bread_.
+
+     Hoping that you are drinking yourself freely from the
+     fountain of happiness you open for others, I remain
+
+          Very sincerely your friend,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, D.C., April 12, 1893.
+
+     My dear good friend:
+
+     I regret much to be obliged to communicate with you by the
+     hand of another, but my poor life seems to be fixed by fate
+     on the down grade, and at present there is no encouragement
+     to believe that the future has anything better in store for
+     me.
+
+     I send you a number of the North American Review containing
+     the correspondence to which you refer between General Speed
+     and myself. In it there is also a detached printed letter of
+     Colonel Brown which is important. And I must ask that both
+     this letter and the number of the Review be carefully
+     preserved and after their perusal by your friend be returned
+     to me, as I have no other copies and wish to preserve these.
+     I am sorry that the sad circumstances of my condition
+     prevent me from thanking you in person for your continued
+     interest in my reputation which has been so basely assailed,
+     but I trust as triumphantly vindicated.
+
+     I thank you sincerely for what you have said of Mrs. Kearny.
+     It would be a great gratification to me to have an interview
+     with her on the long, long ago, but this is a pleasure which
+     I now have no encouragement to promise myself.
+
+     Believe me most grateful for the repeated calls and
+     inquiries as to my health which you have been so good as to
+     make. Such calls are precious fountains of consolation that
+     will not go dry.
+
+          Very sincerely your friend,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+It has been asserted upon high authority that after the conviction and
+sentence of Mrs. Surratt her daughter Anna, as well as Catholic priests
+and prominent men in Washington, attempted to see the President in order
+to intercede for executive clemency in her behalf, but were denied
+admission by Preston King, Collector of the Port of New York and then a
+guest at the White House, and by U.S. Senator James Lane of Kansas. It
+has also been said that Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas succeeded in reaching
+the President by pushing herself past the guards, but her attempts in
+behalf of the condemned woman were fruitless.
+
+I knew Preston King very well and his political career interested me
+deeply. He was from St. Lawrence County, New York, and in my girlhood I
+often heard it asserted that the mantle of Silas Wright had fallen upon
+him. I saw much of him in 1849 when I was visiting the Scotts in
+Washington, and was particularly impressed by his exceptionally
+sensitive nature. General Scott once told me that at one period of his
+military career he was ordered to quell a disturbance between Canadians
+and Americans near Ogdensburg, the home of Mr. King, and that the latter
+was so seriously affected by the scenes he witnessed at that time that
+it was long before he recovered his normal condition of mind. During
+President Johnson's administration Mr. King, while Collector of the Port
+of New York, boarded a Jersey City ferry boat one morning, attached
+weights to his person and jumped into the river. When the news of his
+death reached me I was not surprised as I had seen evidences of his
+nervous temperament which might well result in acts indicative of an
+unbalanced mind. He was a man of big heart and exceptional ability, and
+in his death the State of New York lost one of her most gifted and
+distinguished sons.
+
+The Frederick County agricultural fairs, as far back as my memory of
+that quaint Maryland town goes, have always been a feature of special
+interest not only to the farmers of that productive region but also from
+a social point of view. In bygone days some of the most distinguished
+men of the nation made addresses at these "cattle shows," as they were
+called by the country folk. I recall the visit of President Grant on one
+of these occasions when he was the guest of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough.
+He was accompanied by General Sherman and made a brief address. The
+evening of the day these distinguished guests arrived Mrs. Goldsborough
+gave a dinner in their honor, which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. The
+entertainment was served in the style then prevalent among old Maryland
+families in that vicinity, the _pi�ces de resistance_ being chicken,
+fried to perfection, at one end of the table together with an old ham on
+the opposite end. To these were added "side trimmings," enough to almost
+bury the table under their weight. President Grant was then filling his
+first term as Chief Executive of the nation and, although Mr. Gouverneur
+had known him in Mexico, it was my first glimpse of the distinguished
+man. As a whole we were a merry party, but Grant was a reticent guest.
+General Sherman, however, as usual made up for all deficiencies in this
+line, and as he sat next to me I found him to be a highly agreeable
+conversationalist. This dinner party proved a great social success and
+at its conclusion a number of prominent citizens called to pay their
+respects to the guests of honor.
+
+The next year Horace Greeley was the orator of the day at the Frederick
+fair, and it fell to our lot to entertain him. He wrote the following
+letter to my husband:--
+
+     NEW YORK TRIBUNE, New York, Oct. 1, 1871.
+
+     Dear Sir:
+
+     I expect to be duly on hand to fulfil my engagement to speak
+     at your County Fair and to stop with you, if that shall be
+     agreeable to those who have invited me. Will you please see
+     Mr. C. H. Keefer who invites me and say to him that I am
+     subject to his order and, with his consent, I shall gladly
+     accept your invitation.
+
+          Yours,
+
+               HORACE GREELEY.
+
+     S. L. Gouverneur, Esq.,
+     Frederick, Maryland.
+
+As Mr. Greeley about this time was appearing upon the political horizon
+as a prospective presidential candidate, much interest was naturally
+centered in his visit. His appearance was decidedly interesting. He was
+of the blond type, past middle life and in dress anything but _� la
+mode_. I am no student of physiognomy, but if the question had been
+asked I should have said that his most prominent trait of character was
+benevolence. He wore during this memorable visit the characteristic
+white hat, miniature imitations of which during his presidential
+candidacy became a campaign badge. I am the fortunate possessor of two
+of these souvenirs. They are made of white metal and are attached to
+brown ribbons, the color of the latter standing for B. Gratz Brown, the
+candidate for Vice-President upon the Greeley ticket.
+
+This visit was the pleasing forerunner of a sincere friendship between
+my husband and Horace Greeley. In our intimate association of a few days
+we recognized as never before his conscientious purpose and intellectual
+power, and Mr. Gouverneur was so deeply impressed by his remarkable
+ability and sterling character that later in the same year he started a
+newspaper in Frederick, which he called _The Maryland Herald_, with a
+view of advocating his nomination for the Presidency. My husband had
+never before been especially interested in politics, but he now entered
+the political arena with all the enthusiasm of his intense nature, and,
+at a mass meeting in Frederick, was chosen a delegate to the National
+Liberal Republican Convention in Cincinnati, which resulted in the
+nomination of Greeley and Brown. Although this party was largely
+composed of Republicans who had become dissatisfied with the Grant
+administration, it will be remembered that its candidates were
+subsequently endorsed by the Democratic party at its convention in
+Baltimore, and that the fusion of such hitherto discordant political
+elements added exceptional interest to the subsequent campaign. The
+venerable Thomas Jefferson Randolph, grandson of the author of the
+Declaration of Independence, although he had reached the advanced age of
+eighty years, was chosen as the temporary chairman of the Baltimore
+Convention. The proceedings of the Cincinnati delegates were replete
+with interest and the enthusiasm was intense. During the uproarious
+demonstration in the convention hall, immediately following Greeley's
+nomination, Mr. Gouverneur's friend, John Cochrane of New York, of whom
+I have spoken elsewhere, in the excitement of the moment gave expression
+to his delight in an Indian war dance, and other usual scenes of boyish
+hilarity prevailed.
+
+My husband's paper had been the first of the Maryland press, and long
+before the Convention, to place the name of Greeley at the head of its
+columns, but others followed, and for a time the movement, both in that
+State and elsewhere, appeared to gain strength and to assume formidable
+proportions. Subsequent events, however, proved that it would have been
+better if the newborn babe had been strangled at its birth, as it was
+destined to enjoy but a brief and precarious existence. Although the
+movement commanded the support of the united Democracy and enlisted the
+active sympathies of able men from the Republican ranks--such as Carl
+Schurz, Whitelaw Reid, Charles A. Dana, Charles Francis Adams, Lyman
+Trumbull, David Davis, Andrew G. Curtin and many more--the voice of the
+people pronounced for Grant, and in the latter part of the same month
+that witnessed his defeat, poor Greeley died of a broken heart!
+
+Greeley's defeat was a severe blow to Mr. Gouverneur. As the member from
+Maryland of the national committee of the Liberal Republican Party, he
+had engaged in the contest with his characteristic ardor, and his
+strenuous but unsuccessful efforts had made inroads upon his health that
+he could but ill afford. Under the circumstances, a change of scene and
+employment seemed highly expedient, and we accordingly decided to break
+up our attractive home in Frederick and return to Washington, where so
+much of Mr. Gouverneur's life had been spent and where I, too, had so
+many pleasant associations. It was in the summer of 1873 that this plan
+was consummated, and we began our second Washington life in a house
+which we bought on Corcoran Street, near Fourteenth Street. It was one
+of a row of dwellings built as an investment by the late George W.
+Riggs, the distinguished banker, and was in a portion of the city which
+still abounded in vacant lots. Houses in our vicinity were so widely
+scattered that we had an almost uninterrupted view of that part of the
+District boundary which is now Florida Avenue. As these were the days of
+horse cars, it was my habit to stand in my vestibule and wait for a car,
+as I could see it approaching a long distance off, although we lived
+half a block from the route, which was on Fourteenth Street. The entire
+northwestern section of the city, which is now a semi-palatial region,
+was also, at that time, largely a sea of vacant lots. The only house on
+Dupont Circle was "Stewart Castle," and the fashionable part of the city
+was still that portion below Pennsylvania Avenue, bounded on the east by
+Seventeenth Street, although the general trend in the erection of fine
+residences was towards the northwest. Many of the streets were not
+paved, but the _r�gime_ of Alexander R. Shepherd, familiarly called
+"Boss Shepherd," changed all of this, and the work of grading commenced.
+It was a trying ordeal for property owners, as it left many houses high
+in the air and others below the customary grade, while many from the
+ranks of the poorer classes, unable to meet the necessary assessments,
+were forced to part with their homes. In the course of several years,
+however, the situation righted itself. Cellars were dug and English
+basements became prevalent, and it is only occasionally that one now
+sees a house far above the level of the street. We sometimes hear the
+praises of Mr. Shepherd sung, and without a doubt he made Washington
+the beautiful city it is to-day, but he accomplished it only at a
+tremendous cost--the sacrifice of many homes. Next followed the paving
+of the streets with wooden blocks; and I was much surprised when they
+were being laid on Fourteenth Street, as I recalled the time during my
+earlier days in New York when they were used in paving Broadway, and I
+also well remember how speedily they degenerated and decayed. I was
+told, however, that this form of block was an improvement upon the old
+style, and was induced to believe it until I saw Fourteenth Street and
+Pennsylvania Avenue masses of holes and ruts!
+
+After we were fairly settled in our new home I made the pleasing
+discovery that my next door neighbors were our old acquaintances, Mr.
+and Mrs. Edmund Pendleton Gaines. Mrs. Gaines was Frances Hogan, a
+former neighbor of ours in Houston Street in New York. William Hogan,
+her aged father, was living with her, and their close proximity recalled
+many early memories. He was a gentleman of broad culture and a
+proficient linguist, and at an early age had accompanied his father to
+the Cape of Good Hope. He formed an intimacy with Lord Byron at Harrow,
+where he received the early portion of his education. Byron was not then
+a student but was occupying a small room at Harrow, which he called his
+"den." Another of Mr. Hogan's daughters, who is still living, wrote me
+that at this time Lord Byron was a young man and her father a little
+boy. She says: "Lord Byron often admitted my father to his room, when he
+would make him repeat stories of his African life and describe the
+occasional appearance of an orang-outang walking through the streets of
+Cape Town." After his father's return to New York, Mr. Hogan attended
+Columbia College, from which he was graduated in 1811, and afterwards
+studied law. He subsequently purchased land in the Black River country
+and did much to develop that portion of his native State. The town of
+Hogansburg in Franklin County was named after him. He became a county
+judge and member of Congress and later resided in Washington, where he
+was employed in the Department of State, first as an examiner of claims
+and then as an official interpreter.
+
+A short distance from our home and on the same street lived Dr. and Mrs.
+Alexander Sharp with their large and interesting family of children, one
+of whom, bearing the same name as his father, recently died in
+Washington while a Captain in the Navy. Dr. Sharp's wife was a younger
+sister of Mrs. U. S. Grant, and her husband was ably filling at the time
+the position of U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia. A few doors
+from Mrs. Sharp's lived her sister-in-law, the widow of Louis Dent; and
+in the same block, but nearer Thirteenth Street, were the residences of
+two agreeable Army families, Colonel and Mrs. Almon F. Rockwell and
+Colonel and Mrs. Asa Bacon Carey, the latter of whom was the niece of
+the late Senator Redfield Proctor of Vermont. I formed a pleasant
+friendship almost immediately with Mrs. Sharp and was always received
+with much cordiality in her home. Corcoran Street, in fact, from a
+social point of view, proved to be an ideal locality until its
+tranquillity was disturbed by the advent of Mr. ---- and family, the
+former of whom was the Washington representative of a prominent New York
+daily paper whose columns had been strongly denunciatory of Grant and
+antagonistic to his election, while they abounded in praises of Greeley.
+Both Mr. and Mrs. ----were persons of much culture, but they were
+unfortunate in their selection of a home, as the personal and political
+sentiment of the neighborhood was friendly to Grant, while his family
+connections, the Dents and Sharps, residing in that part of the city,
+were deservedly popular. My own position was one of much delicacy.
+Although I was especially fond of Mrs. Dent and Mrs. Sharp, I could not,
+in view of Mr. Gouverneur's active interest in the Greeley campaign, be
+quite so enthusiastic over the Grant administration as were most of my
+neighbors, and, therefore, when I was invited by a mutual friend to call
+upon Mrs. ----I had no hesitation in doing so. I was taken to task for
+my act, however, by some of my friends, but I survived the rebuke and am
+still alive to tell the tale. I was told that, several months after the
+family just referred to was established in its Corcoran Street home,
+Mrs. ----was returning unaccompanied to her residence one evening, when
+a colored man, carrying a bucket of mud in one hand and a brush in the
+other, ran after her and besmeared her clothing; but the Dents and
+Grants were not of the class of people to approve of such a ruffianly
+act, nor were any of the other decent residents in the community. If
+Mrs. Sharp ever had any feeling in connection with my calling upon Mrs.
+----, I never knew of it. Our relations were of the most cordial
+character from the first, and when her niece, Nellie Grant, was married
+to Algernon Sartoris she brought me a box of wedding cake, coupling with
+it the remark that she knew of no one more entitled to it than
+I--referring, I presume, to the associations connecting the Gouverneur
+family with the White House. After the close of the Grant
+administration, Dr. Sharp was appointed a paymaster in the Army and for
+many years resided with his family in Yankton, Dakota. I remained in
+touch with Mrs. Sharp, however, and for a long period we kept up an
+active correspondence.
+
+At this period Vice-Presidents were not so much _en �vidence_ as later,
+and Vice-President and Mrs. Schuyler Colfax lived quietly in Washington
+and mingled but little in the social world. During his life at the
+Capital, Mr. Colfax repeatedly delivered his eloquent oration on
+Lincoln, which concluded with the lines of N. P. Willis on the death of
+President William Henry Harrison:--
+
+    Let us weep in our darkness, but weep not for him--
+    Not for him who, departing, leaves millions in tears,
+    Not for him who has died full of honor and years,
+    Not for him who ascended Fame's ladder so high,
+    From the round at the top he has stepped to the sky.
+
+Directly back of us on Q Street lived an old and intimate friend of
+mine, Mrs. Septimia Randolph Meikleham, the last surviving grandchild of
+Thomas Jefferson. She was the widow of Dr. David Scott Meikleham of
+Glasgow, who was a relative of Sir Walter Scott and died in early life
+in New York. Mrs. Meikleham was the seventh daughter (hence her name
+"Septimia," suggested by her grandfather) of Governor Thomas Mann
+Randolph of Virginia and his wife Martha, the younger daughter of Thomas
+Jefferson. She was born at Monticello and was familiarly known to her
+intimate friends as "Tim," a name in surprising contrast with her
+elegance and dignity. She bore a striking resemblance to her
+grandfather, and, although a woman of commanding presence, was simple
+and unaffected in manner. Strong in her convictions, attractive in
+conversation and loyal in her friendships, she and her home were sources
+of great delight to me, and it was pleasing to both of us that her
+children and mine should have been brought into intimate contact. Mrs.
+Meikleham and I often dwelt upon this family intimacy extending unbroken
+from Jefferson and Monroe down to the fourth generation. In the same
+block with Mrs. Meikleham lived Mr. and Mrs. John W. Douglas, the former
+of whom, some years later, during the Harrison administration, was one
+of the District Commissioners. A daughter of his is the wife of Henry B.
+F. Macfarland, the late Senior Commissioner of the District, who, as
+well as his wife, is universally respected and beloved in Washington. On
+the same street, but on the other side of Fourteenth Street, Colonel and
+Mrs. Robert N. Scott resided for many years; while just around the
+corner, on Iowa Circle, in what was then a palatial home, lived Allan
+McLane and his only child, Anne, who married from this house John
+Cropper of New York. She is now a widow but lives in Washington, where
+she is greatly beloved. In this same general region, on the corner of N
+and Fourteenth Street, lived Lieutenant Commander (now Rear Admiral) and
+Mrs. Francis J. Higginson, and the latter's attractive sister, Miss Mary
+Haldane.
+
+Not far from our dwelling on Corcoran Street lived the attractive wife
+of _Monsieur_ Grimaud de Caux, _Chancelier_ of the French legation, who
+left unfading memories behind her. During our many delightful chats I
+was much interested in the accounts of her early life and experiences in
+Ireland, and I especially recall many things she told me concerning the
+members of the Wilde family, with whom she had been quite intimately
+associated. I learned from her that Oscar Wilde inherited his �sthetic
+tastes largely from his mother. She was a woman of unusual type and
+habitually dressed in white--at a time, too, before white garments had
+become so generally prevalent. I was also told that Oscar Wilde's father
+was an oculist of some prominence, and that he built a mansion so
+singular in its construction that the wits of Dublin called it "Wilde's
+eye-sore."
+
+Another of my intimate friends of those days was Mrs. Mary Donelson
+Wilcox, widow of the Hon. John A. Wilcox, formerly Secretary of the U.S.
+Senate, a Member of Congress and a veteran of the Mexican War. She was a
+woman of rare intellectual ability, and subsequent to her husband's
+death was for a time one of the official translators of the government.
+She was the daughter of Colonel Andrew Jackson Donelson, a nephew of
+President Jackson as well as his adopted son and private secretary.
+General Jackson when President was a widower, and it was while Mrs.
+Donelson was presiding as mistress of the White House that Mrs. Wilcox
+was born. Her memory remained clear until her last illness, and her
+recollections of prominent men and events, extending back to her
+childhood, and especially those of her early life at the White House,
+were of exceptional interest. I was especially amused by her account of
+the prompt manner in which General Jackson sent her mother back to
+Tennessee because she refused to accord social recognition to the wife
+of General John H. Eaton, his Secretary of War. As is well known, this
+was "Peggy O'Neal" who, before her marriage to Eaton, was the widow of
+Purser John B. Timberlake of our Navy, who committed suicide while
+serving in the Mediterranean. The relation which she sustained to the
+disruption of Jackson's cabinet has passed into history and is too well
+known to bear repetition here. As Colonel Donelson shared the views of
+his wife, he resigned his position as the President's private secretary
+and returned with her to Tennessee. He was succeeded by Nicholas P.
+Trist of the State Department, but a few months later, through the
+kindly offices of personal friends, they were both restored to Jackson's
+favor and resumed their former functions in the White House.
+
+Just across the street from our home lived Mr. and Mrs. Bernard P.
+Mimmack and the latter's mother, Mrs. Mary Bailey Collins, widow of
+Captain Charles Oliver Collins of the U.S. Army, and a typical
+representative of the New York gentlewomen of former days. She was one
+of the Bailey family, which was much identified with the history of New
+York, and she and her daughter, Mrs. Mimmack, were valuable additions to
+our community. Of Mr. Mimmack, only recently deceased, I can speak only
+in terms of the warmest praise. He was a true friend to me and many
+times during my widowhood placed his ripe judgment and wide experience
+at my command.
+
+As I first remember Professor and Mrs. Joseph Henry, they were living
+with their three daughters in a portion of the Smithsonian Institution.
+He was a man whose public career and private life commanded universal
+respect, while his scientific discoveries, both at Princeton College and
+at the National Capital, marked him as one of the most distinguished men
+of his day. I am not qualified to pronounce upon his scholarly
+attainments nor upon the estimate in which he is held by the learned
+world of to-day, but it may be assumed that the eulogistic words of the
+late Professor Simon Newcomb, himself a scientific giant, represent the
+truth. "Professor Joseph Henry, first secretary of the Smithsonian
+Institution," he wrote, "was a man of whom it may be said, without any
+reflection on men of our generation, that he held a place which has
+never been filled. I do not mean his official place, but his position as
+the recognized leader and exponent of scientific interests at the
+National Capital. A world-wide reputation as a scientific investigator,
+exalted character and inspiring presence, broad views of men and things,
+the love and esteem of all, combined to make him the man to whom all who
+knew him looked for counsel and guidance in matters affecting the
+interests of science. Whether anyone could since have assumed this
+position, I will not venture to say; but the fact seems to be that no
+one has been at the same time able and willing to assume it."
+
+The society circle in Washington in 1873 was small compared with that of
+to-day. There was much less form and ceremony, fewer social cliques and
+a greater degree of affability. The "Old Washingtonians" were more _en
+�vidence_ than now and the political element came and went without
+disturbing in any marked degree the harmony of the social atmosphere.
+There were, however, many in public life whose families were cordially
+received into the most exclusive circles of Washington society and
+enriched it by their presence. Mrs. Hamilton Fish held social sway by
+the innate force of character and general attractiveness with which
+nature had so lavishly endowed her. Mrs. James G. Blaine, whose husband
+was in Congress when I first knew them, shared in his popularity. Mrs.
+George M. Robeson, wife of Grant's Secretary of the Navy, lived on K
+Street and kept open house. The Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs.
+William A. Richardson, who lived in the old Hill house on H Street, were
+well known and very popular. Francis Kernan, the junior Senator from New
+York, with his wife and daughter, was seen everywhere. Thomas Kernan,
+their son, who eventually became a Roman Catholic priest, was a great
+dancer and a general favorite. Roscoe Conkling, the senior Senator from
+New York, was socially disposed, but his wife, who was a sister of
+Horatio Seymour, although well fitted for social life, took but little
+part in it. She was a pronounced blond, wore her hair in many ringlets
+and was _petite_ in figure. Senator and Mrs. Henry L. Dawes and their
+intellectual daughter, Miss Anna, were highly esteemed by
+Washingtonians. General Ambrose B. Burnside, Senator from Rhode Island
+and a widower, lived on H Street, where he lavishly entertained his
+friends. Senator Joseph R. Hawley and wife of Connecticut and the
+latter's bright sister, Miss Kate Foote, resided in the Capitol Hill
+neighborhood; while Senator Henry B. Anthony, also of Rhode Island and a
+widower, was famous for his grasshopper turkeys, with which he liberally
+supplied his guests at his home on the southwest corner of H and
+Fourteenth Streets. This was the period when William E. Chandler was
+beginning his prominent and successful political career. He lived with
+his first wife and interesting family of boys on Fourteenth Street below
+G Street.
+
+The social leader in Washington in 1873 was Mrs. Frances Lawrence
+Ricketts, whose husband, General James B. Ricketts, U.S.A., had served
+his country during the Civil War and on account of disabilities was
+awarded a handsome pension. They lived on G Street between Eighteenth
+and Nineteenth Streets and her Friday afternoons were festive
+occasions. Mrs. Ricketts was no mean philanthropist in her way and a
+certain wag once wrote--
+
+    Here comes Mrs. Ricketts
+    With a pocketful of tickets.
+
+The doggerel had a basis in fact as she frequently appeared in public
+with tickets to sell for the benefit of some charitable object; and she
+sold them, too, as but few had the courage to refuse her. She was an
+exceedingly fine looking woman with a cordial manner and graceful
+bearing. Mrs. Julia A. K. Lawrence, her mother, the widow of John Tharp
+Lawrence, originally of the Island of Jamaica, lived with her, was quite
+as fond of society as the daughter, and, although advanced in years,
+seemed to have more friends and admirers than any woman I have ever
+known.
+
+One day by chance I met her in the drawing-room of a mutual friend, Mrs.
+Sallie Maynadier, where she shocked us by fainting. One of my daughters
+wrote her a note of sympathetic inquiry and received in reply the
+following answer. I regarded it as a somewhat remarkable note as its
+writer was then approaching her ninetieth birthday.
+
+     Pray accept my grateful thanks, my dear Miss Gouverneur, for
+     your kind attention in writing me such a lovely note. I wish
+     I had known you brought it. I would have been so much
+     pleased to see you in my room, which I could not leave
+     yesterday though very much better. I think the fainting was
+     from the heat of Mrs. Maynadier's parlour and the agitation
+     of the previous day, at the prospect of parting with my very
+     dear friends in the delicate state of dear Kate Eveleth's
+     health! I hope to hear to-day how she bore the journey, the
+     beautiful day very much in her favor! I can not close this
+     note without expressing my sincere wish that your mamma and
+     yourself will be so kind as to come and see me during the
+     winter. I know that Mrs. Gouverneur does not "pay visits"
+     but as I can no longer have the pleasure of meeting you at
+     our dear friend's I hope she will make an exception in favor
+     of such an old woman as myself, one too who has known and
+     loved so many of your father's family for generations,
+     dating back to President Monroe's family, when I was a child
+     in England and used to play often with your grandmamma
+     [Maria Hester Monroe]. Can you believe that a vivid memory
+     can turn back so many years? Ask your mamma to favour me and
+     come yourself to see
+
+          Yours very truly,
+
+               JULIA LAWRENCE.
+
+     1829 G Street,
+     Tuesday morning.
+
+An old family friend of Mrs. Lawrence and her daughter, the late Dr.
+Basil Norris, U.S.A., a native of Frederick, resided in the Ricketts
+home, and I am certain that his memory is still revered in the District.
+When Mrs. Ricketts, upon her husband's death, broke up her Washington
+home, Dr. Norris went to San Francisco to reside. A daughter of mine on
+her way to join her husband in Honolulu was taken seriously ill in that
+city and was attended by him with consummate skill. He was then on the
+retired list of the Army, but had a large and fashionable practice in
+his newly adopted home.
+
+In connection with Mrs. Lawrence my memory brings vividly before me my
+old and valued friends, Mrs. Maynadier, widow of General William
+Maynadier of the Ordnance Department of the Army, and her witty sister,
+Kate Eveleth. To render acts of kindness seemed their natural avocation,
+and I never think of them without recalling Sir Walter Scott's
+description of a ministering angel. I have heard Mrs. Maynadier say that
+at the time of her marriage her husband, then a young officer, was
+receiving a salary of only six hundred dollars; and yet she reared a
+large circle of children, her daughters marrying into prominent families
+and her sons becoming professionally well known. Their father was Aide
+to General Scott in the Black Hawk War and performed similar duty under
+General Alexander Macomb. Their mother lived to see the fourth
+generation of her descendants, many of whom still reside in the
+District.
+
+When I returned to Washington, I found the old Decatur house facing
+Lafayette Square owned and occupied by General and Mrs. Edward F. Beale,
+who had recently returned from a long residence in California. Mr.
+Gouverneur had known the General--"Ned" Beale, as he was usually
+called--in other days and I soon derived much pleasure from Mrs. Beale's
+acquaintance. She was a woman of the most aristocratic bearing and was
+especially qualified to meet the exacting requirements of the most
+exclusive society. The household was rendered additionally brilliant by
+her two daughters, both of whom were then unmarried. The sparkling
+vivacity of the elder, Miss Mary Beale, who subsequently became Madame
+Bakhmeteff of Russia, is easily recalled; while her sister, now Mrs.
+John R. McLean, is so well known in Washington and elsewhere as to
+render quite superfluous any attempt to describe her many charming
+qualities. Their home was a social rendezvous, and I especially recall
+an entertainment I attended there when I met many social celebrities.
+General Beale had collected numerous relics of early California which
+seemed peculiarly adapted to the historic mansion, and these objects of
+interest, together with the highly polished floors, the many and
+brilliant lights and the large assemblage of society folk in their "best
+bibs and tuckers," presented a scene which is not readily effaced from
+one's memory. Among others I met that evening were General Ambrose E.
+Burnside, whom I had known as a cadet at West Point, and my old friend,
+Captain (afterwards General) Richard Tyldin Auchmuty of New York, who
+since I had last seen him had passed through the Civil War. This
+reception was given in honor of the then young but gifted tragedian,
+John E. McCullough, with whom the Beale family had formed a friendship
+in the far west.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[3] My youngest daughter, Rose de Chine Gouverneur, and Chaplain Roswell
+Randall Hoes, U.S.N., were married in Washington on the 5th of December,
+1888.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+TO THE PRESENT DAY
+
+
+Shortly after our return to Washington we received an invitation to a
+party at the house of Mr. and Mrs. William A. Richardson, the former
+Secretary of the Treasury in Grant's cabinet. In my busy life I have
+never seemed inclined to devote much time to the shifts and vagaries of
+fashionable attire. Although as a woman I cannot say that I have been
+wholly averse to array myself in attractive garments, they were always
+matters of secondary consideration with me and have yet to cause me a
+sleepless night. My indifference now confronted me, however, with the
+query as to what I should wear upon this particular occasion, and I was
+compelled, as merchants say, "to take account of stock," especially as
+my invitation reached me at too late a day to have a new gown made.
+Although while living in Frederick I did pretty much as I pleased in
+regard to dress, I realized that in Washington, willing or unwilling, I
+might be compelled to do, to a certain extent, what other people
+pleased; but such demands have their reasonable limits, and I therefore
+determined to ignore the dictates of fashionable sentiment and practice
+a little originality on my own account. I accordingly decided to wear a
+handsome and elaborate dress of a fashion of at least a generation
+before--a light, blue silk with its many flounces embroidered in straw
+in imitation of sheaves of wheat. In former years I had worn with this
+gown black velvet gloves which were laced at the side--a Parisian fancy
+of the day, a pattern of which had been sent me by Mrs. Schuyler
+Hamilton. These also I concluded to wear with the antiquated dress; and
+thus arrayed I attended the party and had a thoroughly good time,
+supposing, as a matter of course, that the incident was closed. The _New
+York Graphic_, however, seemed to think otherwise and dragged me into
+its columns in an article which was subsequently copied into other
+papers. Although at first I felt somewhat chagrined, upon further
+consideration I was inclined to be pleased, at least with that part of
+the narrative that made a passing allusion to my attire. This is what
+the _Graphic_ said:--
+
+     Among the ladies frequently seen in society this winter is
+     Mrs. Marian Campbell Gouverneur, daughter of the late James
+     Campbell of New York and the wife of Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+     the only surviving grandson of ex-President James Monroe.
+     Mrs. Gouverneur is an elegant lady of pleasing manners,
+     sparkling vivacity and possesses a fund of humor and a mind
+     stored with a variety of charming information. She has
+     traveled a great deal and seen much of the fashionable
+     world. Mr. Gouverneur's mother was married in the White
+     House and--think of it!--on a Spread Eagle--that is to say,
+     on the carpet of which that very elastic bird made the
+     central figure. Suppose Miss Nellie Grant, of whose
+     engagement rumor outside of Washington talks so loud and
+     this city appears to know nothing, should take it into her
+     head to be married on a Spread Eagle, would not the other
+     Eagle, the public, stretch its wings and utter a prolonged
+     shriek? Now I ask you candidly, have we retrograded in
+     matters of taste or become less loyal to the true spirit of
+     our Republican institutions? Mrs. Gouverneur has the most
+     wonderful collection of American and Asiatic antiques. She
+     favors antique styles, even in matters of the toilet, and at
+     a party last week had her dress looped with the ornaments
+     which formed part of Mr. Monroe's court dress when Minister
+     to France. She also wore black velvet mittens of that date.
+
+While my sister, Mrs. Eames, was residing in Paris with her son and
+daughter, her home on the corner of H and Fourteenth Streets was
+occupied by Ward Hunt and his wife of Utica. Judge Hunt had recently
+been appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court, and I immediately renewed
+my associations of former days with his family. Next door to the Hunts
+lived Mr. and Mrs. Titian J. Coffey, the former of whom had accompanied
+ex-Governor Andrew G. Curtin of Pennsylvania upon his mission to Russia;
+and the adjoining residence, the old "Hill house," was the home of Mr.
+and Mrs. James C. Kennedy, the latter of whom was Miss Julia Rathbone of
+Albany. Their hospitality was lavish until the death of Mr. Kennedy,
+when his widow returned to Albany where a few years later she married
+Bishop Thomas Alfred Starkey of New Jersey. Mrs. Robert Shaw Oliver,
+wife of the present efficient Assistant Secretary of War, is her niece.
+
+After Mrs. Kennedy left Washington, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Elkin Neil of
+Columbus, Ohio, with their daughter, Mrs. William Wilberforce Williams,
+lived in the "Hill house." They were people of large means and
+entertained on an extensive scale. Mrs. Neil belonged to the Sullivant
+family of Ohio whose women were remarkable for their beauty. The wife of
+William Dennison, one of the District Commissioners, was Mr. Neil's
+sister and her daughter, Miss Jenny Dennison, was one of the belles of
+the Hayes administration. There were so many representatives of the
+"Buckeye State" at that time in Washington that someone facetiously
+spoke of the city as the "United States of Ohio." Mr. and Mrs. Matthew
+W. Galt, parents of Mrs. Reginald Fendall, lived in the next house in
+the H Street block, while adjoining them resided Colonel and Mrs. James
+G. Berret. I knew Colonel Berret very well. Nature had been very lavish
+in her gifts to him, as he was the fortunate possessor of intelligence,
+sagacity and fine personal appearance. It was his frequent boast,
+however, that through force of circumstances he had received but "three
+months' schooling," but he took advantage of his subsequent
+opportunities and became an efficient mayor and postmaster of the City
+of Washington, while a prince might well have envied him his dignified
+and imposing address. He sold his attractive home to Justice William
+Strong of the U.S. Supreme Court, who with his family resided in it for
+many years and then moved into a house on I Street, near Fifteenth
+Street, which in late years has been remodeled and is now the spacious
+residence of Mr. Charles Henry Butler.
+
+Directly across the street and in the middle of the block, between
+Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets, lived Colonel and Mrs. John F. Lee.
+This is a house which I link with many pleasing associations. Mrs. Lee,
+whom I knew as Ellen Ann Hill, was a member of one of Washington's
+oldest families and with her husband had a country home in Prince George
+County in Maryland. She was a deeply religious woman and one of the
+saints upon earth. She gave me _carte blanche_ to drop in for an
+informal supper on Sunday evenings--a privilege of which I occasionally
+availed myself. Colonel Lee was a Virginian by birth and a graduate of
+West Point, but at the beginning of the Civil War resigned his
+commission. His brother, Samuel Phillips Lee, however, who was then a
+Commander in the Navy, remained in the service and eventually became a
+Rear Admiral. Although differing so widely in their political views, the
+two brothers were respected and beloved by their associates, and never
+allowed their opinions upon matters of state to interfere with their
+fraternal affection. The only daughter of Colonel Lee, Mrs. Henry
+Harrison, usually spends her winters in Washington.
+
+Next door to the Lees on the east lived Senator and Mrs. Zachariah
+Chandler, the parents of Mrs. Eugene Hale; while still further down the
+street was the residence of Doctor William P. Johnston, a favorite
+physician of long standing and father of Mr. James M. Johnston and Miss
+Mary B. Johnston, the latter of whom is President of the Society of Old
+Washingtonians of which I enjoy the honor of being a member. It is at
+her home on Rhode Island Avenue that the privileged few who are members
+of this exclusive organization meet once each month to listen to papers
+read on topics relating to earlier Washington and to discuss persons and
+events connected with its history. The insignia of the society is an
+orange ribbon bearing the words inscribed in black: "Should auld
+acquaintance be forgot?" A prominent member of this organization is Mrs.
+Anna Harris Eastman, widow of Commander Thomas Henderson Eastman,
+U.S.N., and daughter of the beloved physician, the late Medical Director
+Charles Duval Maxwell, U.S.N.
+
+In the opinion of many old Washingtonians no history of the District of
+Columbia would be complete without some mention of The Highlands, the
+home of the Nourse family. In years gone by I remember that this
+ivy-covered stone house was deemed inaccessible, as it was reached only
+by private conveyance or stage coach. The first time I crossed its
+threshold I could have readily imagined myself living in the colonial
+period, as the furniture was entirely of that time. When I first knew
+Mrs. Nourse, who was Miss Rebecca Morris of Philadelphia, the widow of
+Charles Josephus Nourse, she was advanced in life, but notwithstanding
+the infirmities of age, she had just acquired the art of china painting,
+and was filling orders the proceeds of which she gave in aid of St.
+Alban's which was then a country parish. I frequently passed a day at
+this ancestral home, and I especially recall seeing a wonderful
+Elizabethan clock in the hallway which I am told is still, in defiance
+of time, striking the hours in the home of a descendant. Near The
+Highlands is Rosedale, occupied for many years by the descendants of
+General Uriah Forrest, who built it subsequent to 1782. He was the
+intimate friend of General Washington, and its present occupant, Mrs.
+Louisa Key Norton, daughter of John Green and widow of John Hatley
+Norton of Richmond, is my authority for the statement that one day after
+dining with her grandfather, General Forrest, Washington walked out upon
+the portico and, lost in admiration of the beautiful view, exclaimed:
+"There is the site of the Federal City." Mrs. Norton's sister, Miss
+Alice Green, married Prince Angelo de Yturbide, and it was their son,
+Prince Augustine de Yturbide, who was adopted by the Emperor Maximilian.
+
+One of the pleasing local features connected with the Grant
+administration, which at the time made no special impression upon me,
+was the fact that there were then but few, if any, social cliques in
+Washington, and that society-going people constituted practically one
+large family. A stranger coming to the Capital at that time and properly
+introduced was much more cordially received than now. Such, for example,
+was the condition of affairs when Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Jeffrey came to
+Washington to spend a winter. They rented the old Pleasanton house on
+Twenty-first Street below F Street and entertained with true Southern
+hospitality. The Jeffrey family was of Scotch extraction and Mrs.
+Jeffrey was Miss Rosa Vertner of Kentucky, where she was favorably known
+as a poetess. The first wife of Alexander Jeffrey was Miss Delia W.
+Granger, a sister of my old and valued friend, Mrs. Sanders Irving. As
+soon as they were settled in their home, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey gave a
+large evening entertainment which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. We much
+enjoyed meeting there a number of Kentuckians temporarily residing in
+Washington--among others, Mrs. John Key of Georgetown and her sister,
+Mrs. Hamilton Smith; Mrs. William E. Dudley; and Wickliffe Preston and
+his sister, a decided blonde who wore a becoming green silk gown. Madame
+Le Vert and her daughter, Octavia Walton Le Vert, were also there and
+it is with genuine pleasure I recall the unusual vivacity of the former.
+This gifted woman was a pronounced belle from Alabama and had passed
+much of her life in Italy, where she had much association with the
+Brownings. During her absence abroad the ravages of our Civil War made
+serious inroads upon her financial circumstances, and when she visited
+Washington at the period of which I am speaking she gave a series of
+lectures upon Mr. and Mrs. Robert Browning in Willard's Hall on F
+Street. They received the endorsement of fashionable society and, at the
+conclusion of her last appearance, Albert Pike, the later apostle of
+Freemasonry, offered as an additional attraction a short discourse upon
+his favorite theme. Madame Le Vert's maiden name was Octavia Walton, and
+she was the granddaughter of George Walton, one of the Signers from
+Georgia, and the daughter of George Walton, the Territorial Governor of
+Florida. In 1836 she married Dr. Henry S. Le Vert, son of the
+fleet-surgeon of the Count de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Va. In 1858 her
+"Souvenirs of Travel" appeared, and later she wrote "Souvenirs of
+Distinguished People" and "Souvenirs of the War," but, for personal
+reasons, neither of the two was ever published.
+
+My first acquaintance with George Bancroft, the historian, dates back to
+the year 1845, when he came from New England to deliver a course of
+lectures and was the guest of my father in New York. One of the evenings
+he spent with us stands out in bold relief. He was a man of musical
+tastes, and Justine Bibby Onderdonk, a friend of mine and a daughter of
+Gouverneur S. Bibby, who only a few days before had made a runaway match
+with Henry M. Onderdonk, the son of Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk of New
+York, happened to be our guest at the same time. Her musical ability was
+of the highest order and she delighted Mr. Bancroft by singing some of
+his favorite selections. Later, when he was Secretary of the Navy
+during the Polk administration, I saw Mr. Bancroft very frequently. I
+am not aware whether it is generally known that he began his political
+life in Massachusetts as a Whig. When I first knew him, however, he was
+a Democrat and the change in his political creed placed him in an
+unfavorable light in his State, most of whose citizens were well nigh as
+intolerant of Democrats as their ancestors had been of witches in early
+colonial days.
+
+Upon my return to Washington I soon renewed my acquaintance with Mr. and
+Mrs. Bancroft, and the entertainments I attended in their home on H
+Street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets, revived pleasant
+recollections of Mrs. Clement C. Hill, whose house they purchased and of
+whose social leadership I have already spoken. Mr. Bancroft at this time
+was well advanced in years, and in referring to his age I have often
+heard him say: "I came in with the century." In spite of the fact,
+however, that he had exceeded the years usually allotted to man, he
+could be seen nearly every day in the saddle with Herrman Bratz, his
+devoted German attendant, riding at a respectful distance in the rear. I
+may add, by the way, that a few doors from the Bancrofts lived Dr.
+George Clymer of the Navy with his wife and venerable mother-in-law, the
+latter of whom was the widow of Commodore William B. Shubrick, U.S.N.
+
+Colonel Alexander Bliss, Mrs. Bancroft's son and familiarly known to
+Washingtonians as "Sandy" Bliss, lived just around the corner from his
+mother's. His wife was the daughter of William T. Albert, of Baltimore,
+but when I knew him best he was a widower. A few doors from Colonel
+Bliss lived Senator Matthew H. Carpenter, a political power of the first
+magnitude during President Grant's second presidential term, whose
+daughter Lilian was a reigning belle. Equestrian exercise was not then
+quite so popular in Washington as later, but it had its devotees, among
+whom was Colonel Joseph C. Audenreid, U.S.A., an unusually handsome man
+with a decidedly military bearing. He was generally accompanied by his
+daughter Florence, then a child, and was often to be seen riding out
+Fourteenth Street towards the Soldiers' Home, which was then the
+fashionable drive.
+
+John L. Cadwalader, a cousin of Mr. Gouverneur and now one of the most
+prominent members of the New York bar, was Assistant Secretary of State
+under Hamilton Fish during the Grant _r�gime_. He was a bachelor and was
+accompanied to Washington by his two sisters, both of whom lived with
+him in a fine residence on the corner of L Street and Connecticut
+Avenue, which has since been torn down to make way for a large apartment
+house. It was while the Cadwaladers were occupying this residence that I
+first made the acquaintance of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Miss Mary
+Cadwalader brought him to see us in our Corcoran Street home and during
+the visit announced her engagement to him. He was then the highly
+eminent physician alone, as he had not yet entered the arena of fiction
+and poetry in which he has since attained such wide-spread distinction.
+It gives me pleasure to add that he suggested to me, while I was
+visiting in Philadelphia many years later, that I should write these
+reminiscences.
+
+All of the large balls and parties of this date, including the
+bachelors' germans, which I frequently attended, were given at Lewis G.
+Marini's on the south side of E Street, near Ninth Street. Marini was an
+Italian and the dancing master of the day. Twice a week he went to
+Annapolis to teach the midshipmen, who, when subsequently ordered to
+duty in Washington, became very acceptable beaux, as they danced the
+same step that their master had taught his pupils here. The bachelors'
+germans were organized among others by Robert F. Stockton, Hamilton
+Fish, Jr., John Davis, and Hamilton Perkins; while soon thereafter
+Seaton Munroe became one of its officers. I especially recall a german
+given by the bachelors at Marini's, on the twenty-second of February,
+1876, when Lady Thornton, wife of Sir Edward Thornton, British Minister
+to the United States, received the guests. The decorations were
+unusually elaborate, consisting chiefly of American flags draped along
+the walls from floor to ceiling; while at one end of the room, in
+compliment to the hostess of the evening, the stars and stripes made way
+to two British flags. A small cannon and a miniature ship were placed
+below the music gallery, while above them was a semicircle of cutlasses
+and a _chevaux-de-frise_ of glistening spears behind which were the
+musicians. In an old scrap book I find a brief notice of this
+entertainment which mentions the belles of the ball, some of whom became
+matrons of a later day in Washington and elsewhere. This is the
+list:--Miss Zeilin, Miss Dunn, Miss Kilbourn, Miss Emory, Miss Campbell,
+Miss Kernan, Miss Dennison, Miss Keating of Philadelphia, Miss
+Patterson, Miss Jewell, Miss Badger, Miss Warfield, Madame Santa Anna,
+Mrs. Gore Jones, Madame Mariscal, Madame Dardon, Mrs. Belknap, Mrs.
+Robeson, Mrs. Frederick Grant and Miss Dodge ("Gail Hamilton").
+
+In the old Stockton house, next door to the residence of William W.
+Corcoran, lived Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Ward who probably entertained more
+lavishly than any other family of that day. Mr. Ward was then in
+Congress from New York. His wife possessed much grace of manner and a
+subtle charm quite impossible to describe. I enjoyed her intimate
+friendship and often availed myself of a standing invitation to take tea
+with her. In her drawing-room one constantly met acceptable recruits
+from social and political life, all of whom she charmed by her affable
+conversation and unaffected bearing. Upon her return to New York Miss
+Virginia Stuart, her daughter by a former marriage, married the Rev.
+Alexander McKay-Smith, assistant rector at St. Thomas' Church. Soon
+after his marriage he received a call to St. John's Church in
+Washington, where he remained the beloved rector until in 1902 he was
+elected Bishop-Coadjutor of Pennsylvania.
+
+It was about this same period that I formed a friendship with Lieutenant
+Commander and Mrs. Arent Schuyler Crowninshield. He was then Ordnance
+Officer of the Washington Navy Yard and lived in the quaint old house
+later assigned to the second line officer of that station. Mrs.
+Crowninshield's sister, Elizabeth Hopkins Bradford, lived with her and I
+attended her wedding there. She married Edmund Hamilton Smith of
+Canandaigua, New York, a son of Judge James C. Smith of the Supreme
+Court of that State, and the ceremony was performed by the Rev. Dr. John
+Vaughan Lewis of St. John's Church, Washington. This wedding made an
+indelible impression upon my memory owing to an unfortunate circumstance
+which attended it. The mother of the bride-elect and the latter's
+youngest sister, Louise, were traveling in Europe and had arranged their
+return passage in ample time, as they supposed, to be present at the
+ceremony. The ship met with an accident off the coast of Newfoundland,
+however, and during the delay the wedding took place. There was much
+anxiety concerning the safety of the bride's mother and sister which
+naturally cast an atmosphere of gloom over the marriage feast, but in a
+few days the ship came into port and unalloyed happiness prevailed.
+After Mr. Crowninshield's promotion to a Captaincy in the Navy he was
+ordered to command the _Richmond_ in the Philadelphia Navy Yard, and
+there I repeatedly met him and his fascinating wife. He remained there,
+however, for less than a year, when he was placed in command of the
+ill-fated _Maine_, and about ten months before she was destroyed was
+ordered to Washington as Chief of the Bureau of Navigation with the
+rank, first of Commodore and then of Rear Admiral. He served as such
+with marked efficiency during the Spanish-American War, and several
+years later commanded the flagship of the European Squadron. He retired
+in 1903 on his own application and died five years later, deeply
+regretted by a large circle of official and personal friends. Mrs.
+Crowninshield is so well and favorably known to the public as an
+authoress that it would be impossible for me to add any leaves to the
+laurels she now wears; but I cannot refrain from paying a tribute to her
+remarkable loyalty as a friend and expressing my admiration for those
+uncommon traits of character which, with her commanding presence, have
+made her so deeply respected and so greatly admired.
+
+The first loan-exhibition given in Washington that I now recall was near
+the close of Grant's administration, and was for the benefit of the
+Church of the Incarnation. It was in an old house on the corner of
+Fifteenth and H Streets, since torn down to make way for the George
+Washington University. As much interest was shown in the enterprise and
+many of the old Washington families sent valuable relics, a large sum of
+money was realized. Among the contributors were William W. Corcoran,
+Miss Olive Risley Seward, Senator John P. Jones of Nevada, and Seth
+Ledyard Phelps, the latter of whom was at the time one of the District
+Commissioners and owned a large number of Chinese curios gathered by him
+during his life in the East. I, too, was glad to aid so worthy a cause
+and sent some of my most cherished possessions. Before the exhibition
+was formally opened, I attended a private view of the collection given
+in honor of William W. Corcoran and Horatio King. Of Mr. Corcoran I have
+elsewhere spoken; with Mr. King I was also well acquainted. In 1839,
+while a young man, he was appointed to a position in the Post Office
+Department and eleven years later was connected with its foreign service
+in which he originated and perfected postal arrangements of great
+importance to the country. His promotion was rapid and he finally became
+Postmaster General under President Buchanan, a position which he held
+with credit both to the administration and himself. About 1873, when I
+first knew Mr. and Mrs. King, they lived in a modest home at 707 H
+Street where, every Saturday evening, many _litt�rateurs_ and prominent
+men of state were accustomed to gather and discuss the important
+literary and political problems of the day. John Pierpont read a poem at
+the first of these receptions and Grace Greenwood rendered some choice
+selections, while George William Curtis and other men of note
+contributed their share to the success of other similar occasions. These
+literary reunions are said to have been the first of their kind ever
+held in Washington.
+
+I was invited one evening in 1877 by Mrs. Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren,
+widow of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, U.S.N., who was then living at
+the corner of L and Fourteenth Streets, to attend a meeting of the
+Washington Historical Society held in her drawing-rooms. It was
+Washington's birthday and James A. Garfield, then Senator from Ohio, was
+the orator of the evening. In one portion of his remarks he seemed to go
+out of his way to emphasize the statement that Mary Ball, Washington's
+mother, was a very plain old woman. Why he considered that her lack of
+prominent lineage necessarily added greater luster to the Father of His
+Country, was not apparent to quite a number of his audience, for even
+the numerous votaries of the Patron Saint of Erin, "the beautiful isle
+of the sea," took honest pride in according him a gentle descent:--
+
+    St. Patrick was a gintleman,
+    He came from dacent people.
+
+Mrs. Dahlgren was a woman of unusual intellectual ability. She was the
+daughter of Samuel Finley Vinton of Ohio, who for many years represented
+his district in Congress and was chairman of the Ways and Means
+Committee. In 1879 she published a small volume entitled "Etiquette of
+Social Life in Washington." She followed this book with another, whose
+title I do not recall, in which she dwelt at length upon society in
+Washington. It was not well received as her criticisms upon the wives of
+Cabinet Officers and others were such as to invoke general disfavor and
+arouse bitter resentment. Mrs. Dahlgren's ablest work, however, was the
+life of her husband, which was published in 1882 in a volume of over six
+hundred and fifty pages. She had a fine command of the English language
+and excellent literary discrimination in the use of its words, as
+appears everywhere in her writings and especially in the following
+tribute to her husband in the preface of his Life:--
+
+"Admiral Dahlgren was a man of science, of inventive genius, of
+professional skill; but beyond all these, he was a _patriot_. While
+climbing, at first with slow and toilsome but reliant steps, and, later
+on, with swifter, surer progress, that summit to which his genius urged
+him, he was often and again confronted by the clamor of discontent, the
+jealousies of his profession, and the various forms of opposition his
+rapid, upward course evoked; and until the present generation of actors
+in the great drama in which he played so conspicuous part shall have
+passed away, it will be difficult to gain an impartial opinion. Yet
+Death having arrested his ultimate conceptions while yet midway in his
+career, and set the final seal upon his actions, we are content to leave
+the verdict of a 'last appeal' to his beloved country and the hearts of
+a grateful people."
+
+Two years later I attended another meeting of this Historical Society at
+the residence of Henry Strong, who built and owned the house on K Street
+now occupied by Mrs. Stephen B. Elkins, and for a time resided there. It
+was a brilliant assemblage and it deemed itself fortunate in having
+Moncure D. Conway, the distinguished historical writer and essayist, as
+the orator of the evening. He spoke upon the leaders of the Federal
+party during the formative period of our national government, and soon
+made it apparent that his sympathies were not with them. He was strongly
+denunciatory of the Federalists, going so far even as to brand some of
+them as traitors, and especially criticized Jay's Treaty with England in
+1794 which was their pet creation. He spoke at some length of Oliver
+Wolcott, one of the most prominent Federalists of that day, entirely
+ignorant meanwhile of the fact that some members of the Tuckerman
+family, his descendants, were in the audience. At this time Mr. Conway
+was writing the life of Thomas Paine, which has since been published,
+and the morning after his lecture on the Federal party he called upon me
+to ascertain whether any unpublished information relating to Paine,
+which might aid him in his projected biography of the latter, was to be
+found in the private papers of James Monroe which were in my possession.
+During our conversation I ventured to remark to Mr. Conway that possibly
+he was not aware that the previous evening certain descendants of Oliver
+Wolcott were in his audience. He responded that he had no desire to give
+offense but that unfortunately he could not adapt history to suit the
+views of the descendants of early statesmen.
+
+To use a terse expression of Hamlet, I have often heard that Paine was
+one of the unfortunates who were not treated by our government
+"according to their deserts." It is now conceded by students of our
+national history that no man rendered more effective service to the
+American Revolution than "Tom" Paine. His devotion to the cause and his
+conspicuous sacrifices in its behalf were repeatedly acknowledged by
+Washington, Franklin and all the lesser lights of the day. After
+independence had been secured, still imbued with the spirit of liberty,
+his pen and his presence were not wanting when required in behalf of
+the liberties of the French people. He was imprisoned with hundreds of
+others in the Luxembourg, where he languished for nearly eleven months
+in daily expectation of being hurried to the guillotine. Following the
+fall of Robespierre he was liberated through the kindly offices of James
+Monroe, who had succeeded Gouverneur Morris as our Minister to France,
+and was at once crowned with honors by the government in whose behalf he
+had suffered. During the term of his imprisonment, it was his belief
+that a single word from Washington would effect his release, and he had
+a right to expect it, but he waited in vain. He was wholly unconscious,
+meanwhile, that the mind of Washington had been poisoned against him by
+one high in public counsels, and while still in ignorance of this fact
+addressed him the well-known denunciatory letter which evoked such
+wide-spread criticism. Washington, however, was not to blame, for he had
+been deceived in the house of his friends; but of this Paine was
+entirely ignorant. Delaware Davis, a son of Colonel Samuel B. Davis of
+Delaware who rendered such distinguished service during the War of 1812,
+told me a few years ago that his father was present at a dinner where
+Paine was asked what he thought of Washington. Doubtless in a spirit of
+acrimony he uttered the following lines:
+
+    Take from the rock the rough and rudest stone,
+    It needs no sculptor, it is Washington;
+    But if you chisel, let the strokes be rude,
+    And on his bosom write ingratitude.
+
+There is probably no period of our national history when party rivalries
+were so intense and the expression of political animosities were more
+bitter than they were a century ago between the disciples of Jefferson
+and Hamilton. Epithets in popular discourse were openly hurled at
+political antagonists that decent men would not tolerate to-day, and the
+public press gave expression to charges and insinuations against
+honorable partisans such as none but the very yellowest and most
+debauched journals would now deem it expedient to print. As a single
+illustration, I have in my possession what is called "An infallible
+remedy to make a true Federalist." It is without date and was given to
+me by a descendant of Thomas Jefferson who knew nothing of its origin
+except that it was a Boston production. It speaks for itself, and is as
+follows:--
+
+     Take the head of an old hypocrite, one ounce of Nero's
+     conspiracy, two ounces of the hatred of truth, five scruples
+     of liars' tongues, twenty-five drops of the spirit of Oliver
+     Cromwell, fifteen drops of the spirit of contentment. Put
+     them in the mortar of self-righteousness and pound them with
+     the pestle of malice and sift them through the skin of a
+     Doctor of Divinity and put the compound into the vessel of
+     rebellion and steep it over the fire of Sedition twenty-four
+     hours, and then strain it in the rag of high treason. After
+     which put it in the bottle of British influence and cork it
+     with the disposition of Toryism, and let it settle until the
+     general court rises, and it will then be fit for use. This
+     composition has never been known to fail, but if by reason
+     of robust constitution it should fail, add the anxiety of
+     the stamp act, and sweeten with a Provisional Army.
+
+     The above articles may be had of the following gentlemen who
+     are appointed wholesale venders of British Agents in
+     America.
+
+               F. TARGET.
+
+The last days of the Grant administration were filled with forebodings
+and excitement. I shall always remember, when the news reached
+Washington that Rutherford B. Hayes had been nominated by the Republican
+party, the eager inquiries: "Who is Hayes?" It was then I heard for the
+first time an expression which constantly occurs nowadays--"A dark
+horse." Samuel J. Tilden, as is well known, was the standard bearer of
+the Democracy. The fight was long and bitter, as almost up to the day of
+the inauguration the question as to which candidate was successful was a
+matter of doubt. The Electoral Commission, the compromise agreed upon by
+both parties, was composed of the same number of Republicans and
+Democrats with Justice Joseph P. Bradley of the Supreme Court as the
+fifteenth member, chosen on account of his neutral position. It decided
+that the Republican nominee was entitled to the electoral votes of
+Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina, and the Electoral College
+accordingly awarded the Presidency to Mr. Hayes by a vote of 186 to 185.
+
+The Tilden campaign was engineered by Manton Marble, an able man and the
+editor of the New York _World_. I had known Mr. Tilden when he was a
+great adherent of Martin Van Buren. He was a small, insignificant
+looking man whose whole life was given up to politics. As I remember him
+in general, he was expounding upon his favorite subject regardless of
+"time and tide." His father had been affiliated with the celebrated
+"Albany Regency," and the son, inheriting his views, became one of the
+ablest as well as shrewdest political leaders that the Democratic party
+in New York has ever known. As a lawyer his great ability was
+universally recognized, and yet his last will was successfully
+contested, although it had been drawn up by him with almost infinite
+care and with the most scrupulous regard for details and engrossed with
+his own hand.
+
+I saw the Hayes inaugural-parade from a window on the corner of
+Fifteenth Street and New York Avenue. All through the day there was a
+suppressed feeling of uncertainty and excitement, but at the appointed
+hour the President-elect drove to the Capitol in the usual manner and
+took the oath of office. The procession which escorted him to the White
+House was by no means so imposing as others I had seen, among them that
+of eight years later at Cleveland's first inauguration, when General
+Fitzhugh Lee rode at the head of the Virginia troops and received a
+greater ovation than the new President himself. It was late in February
+before it was definitely known what the final decision of the Electoral
+Commission would be, and the uncertainty arising from this fact,
+together with the prevailing political disquietude, doubtless had much
+effect in limiting the size of the parade.
+
+I soon made the acquaintance of President and Mrs. Hayes and was always
+a welcome guest at the White House. The latter was of commanding
+presence and endowed with great beauty, while she possessed moral and
+intellectual traits that not only endeared her in time to the residents
+of the Capital but also won for her the respect and admiration of the
+people at large. She was also a woman of strong convictions and
+exceptional strength of character, and rarely failed to make her
+influence felt in behalf of what she believed to be right. Although, for
+example, the attitude she assumed in regard to the use of wine at the
+White House entertainments was a radical departure from precedent and
+evoked the antagonism of many of her friends and admirers, she believed
+herself to be right and successfully persevered in her course to the
+end; so that William M. Evarts, Hayes's Secretary of State, kept pretty
+close to the truth when he asserted years thereafter that "during the
+Hayes administration water flowed at the White House like champagne!"
+She was a woman of deeply religious experience and a devout member of
+the Methodist Church. Washington society felt the influence of her
+example, and during her residence at the White House the Sabbath was
+more generally observed at the National Capital than during any other
+administration I have known. As time passed and we became better
+acquainted, my respect and admiration for her greatly increased. I
+repeatedly spent the evening with her informally at the White House when
+our intercourse was unhampered by red-tape, and it was then, of course,
+that I saw her at her best. Her _r�le_ was by no means without its
+embarrassments. She necessarily knew that many persons of prominence and
+influence viewed with serious doubt the legality of her husband's title
+to the Presidential chair and that there were those who even alluded to
+him as "His Fraudulency"; but the world was none the wiser, so far as
+she was concerned, and she pursued the "even tenor of her way," and by
+the subtle influence of her character and conduct won both for her
+husband and herself the admiration of many who, but for her, would
+probably have remained their enemies.
+
+In 1863 Stephen J. Field of California was appointed by President
+Lincoln a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and made his residence in
+one of the three dwelling-houses on Second Street facing the Capitol,
+which is said to have been a gift from his brothers, David Dudley, the
+eminent lawyer; Cyrus W., the father of the Atlantic cable; and the Rev.
+Dr. Henry M., the eminent Presbyterian divine and versatile editor of
+_The New York Evangelist_. Here the brothers met every February to
+celebrate the birthday of David Dudley Field. For many years after the
+destruction of the first Capitol by the British in the War of 1812, the
+Field house and the two which adjoined it were used by Congress as the
+seat of its deliberations. Henry Clay served within its walls as Speaker
+for about ten years, and Mrs. Field took much pride in showing her
+guests the mark on the wall where his desk stood. At one period before
+its occupancy by Judge Field this residence was used as a boarding
+house, and in its back parlor John C. Calhoun breathed his last. During
+the Civil War it was used by the government with the two adjoining
+houses as the "Old Capitol Prison"--but of this I have spoken in another
+place. Justice Field was "a gentleman of the old school" and one of the
+most courtly men in public life, while his wife was well known for her
+tact, culture and exquisite taste. Their home was enriched with many
+curiosities collected at home and abroad, and I especially recall a bust
+of the young Emperor Augustus, an exact copy of the original in the
+Vatican. Mrs. Field's sister, Miss Sarah Henderson Swearingen,
+accompanied her to Washington and some years later was married from this
+home to John Condit-Smith. My old friend, Dr. Charles W. Hoffman, who
+for twenty years was the librarian of the U.S. Supreme Court, was a near
+neighbor and friend of Judge and Mrs. Field. After a life well spent he
+retired to the home of his birth in Frederick, Maryland, where he lived
+for many years, surrounded by his well-loved books and art treasures. He
+never married.
+
+When I first knew Mr. and Mrs. James G. Blaine they were living on
+Fifteenth Street between H and I Streets. Miss Abigail Dodge, "Gail
+Hamilton," a cousin of Mrs. Blaine, resided with them and added greatly
+to the charm of the establishment. The world in general as well as his
+eulogists have done full justice to Mr. Blaine's amazing tact and charm
+of manner; but I may be pardoned the conceit if I offer my own tribute
+by referring to a graceful remark he made the first time I had the
+pleasure of meeting him. I heard someone say: "Here comes Mr. Blaine,"
+and as I turned and he was formally presented to me I saw before me a
+distinguished looking middle-aged man of commanding presence, who, as he
+raised his hat to greet me, remarked in a low and pleasant voice: "I bow
+to the name!"
+
+The social column so generally in vogue in all the large newspapers
+throughout the country was introduced into Washington about 1870. Miss
+Augustine Snead, who wrote under the _nom de plume_ of "Miss Grundy,"
+was the first woman society reporter I ever knew. She represented
+several newspapers, and she and her mother, Mrs. Fayette Snead, herself
+a graceful writer under the pen name of "Fay," were seen at many
+entertainments. Both of them were wide-awake and clever women. I happen
+to have preserved an article which appeared in the society column of
+_The Evening Star_, written by Miss Snead, which is largely made up of
+puns upon the society men of the day, some of whom are now gray-haired
+veterans and some, alas! are no longer here. She wrote:--
+
+"Our society men are sighing for their rights and complain that whereas
+it is only once in four years they have the privilege of being courted
+and receiving special attention the social columns of the newspapers
+should give them more space. We have detailed one of our corps for the
+purpose with the following result. It (s)Eames to us that the officers
+of the Marine Corps are Muse-ing on an exhibition of their Zeal in the
+invention of a patent Payne-killer, in proof that they have not leaned
+upon a broken Reed. Some one may call us Palmer (H)off of bad puns, but
+we have not given A(u)lick amiss. No wonder the Marine Corps, in hourly
+dread of annihilation, has its anxieties increased by the continuance of
+the Alarm at the Navy Yard, the officers of that formidable little
+vessel having proved through the season that it is well named, by each
+striking eight _belles_ per hour."
+
+"Eames" was my nephew, Charles Campbell Eames. "Muse" was General
+William S. Muse, U.S.M.C., now residing on the Eastern Shore of
+Maryland, who usually spends a portion of each year at the Capital.
+"Zeal in" referred to Lieutenant William F. Zeilin, U.S.M.C., a son of
+General Jacob Zeilin, U.S.M.C. "Payne" was Frederick H. Paine, formerly
+in the Navy, who still makes Washington his home. "Reed" was General
+George C. Reid, U.S.M.C., now residing in Washington. "(H)off" was
+Captain William Bainbridge Hoff, U.S.N., who died a few years ago; and
+"Palmer" was Lieutenant Aulick Palmer, formerly in the Marine Corps and
+now U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia.
+
+When I first knew the distinguished scientist, Professor Theodore E.
+Hilgard, he and his wife were living on N Street, near Twelfth Street.
+For many years he was Superintendent of the Coast Survey, and after an
+interval of a number of years was succeeded by his nephew, Mr. Otto H.
+Tittmann. The latter and his wife are now among the widely-known and
+popular residents of Washington. The French Government in appreciation
+of Professor Hilgard's scientific achievements presented to him a superb
+vase which is now owned by Dr. Thomas N. Vincent.
+
+About thirty years ago my daughters and I formed a friendship with
+Senator and Mrs. James B. Beck of Kentucky and their daughter, the wife
+of General Green Clay Goodloe of the U.S. Marine Corps. Mr. Beck was one
+of the Democratic leaders in the Senate and was regarded as among the
+ablest men of his party. He was proud of his Scotch blood and loyal in
+his friendships. His wife was Miss Jane Washington Augusta Thornton,
+whose grandfather, Colonel John Thornton of Rappahannock County,
+Virginia, was a first cousin of General Washington. Both the Senator and
+his wife have passed onward, but our affection still lives in General
+and Mrs. Goodloe, who are among the best and truest friends I have ever
+known.
+
+Just before the close of the Hayes administration, Walter D. Davidge,
+whose home for many years was on Sixth Street, built a large mansion on
+the corner of H and Seventeenth Streets and upon its completion he and
+Mrs. Davidge, who was Miss Anna Louisa Washington, gave a housewarming.
+Champagne flowed freely upon this occasion and it is said that the
+supper was one of the handsomest and most elaborate ever served in
+Washington. The same winter my daughters attended a brilliant ball given
+at Stewart Castle by its chatelaine, Mrs. William M. Stewart, whose
+husband was one of the U.S. Senators from Nevada. She was the daughter
+of Senator Henry S. Foote, who represented Mississippi in ante-bellum
+days, and gave the ball in honor of several Virginia girls who were her
+guests. She was assisted in the entertainment by her two elder
+daughters, both of whom were married. Stewart Castle was well adapted
+for such a social function as it was one of the few mansions in
+Washington that had a spacious ballroom. This residence was quite
+suburban, and the Hillyer house on Massachusetts Avenue which stood on a
+high terrace was the only other dwelling in the immediate vicinity. I
+remember that when the home of the British Embassy was in the course of
+erection, the wisdom of the location was greatly questioned, owing to
+its remoteness from the fashionable center of the city.
+
+During the Arthur administration, Mr. Edward C. Halliday and his wife
+came to the National Capital to spend a winter. I had known him many
+years before when he visited the widow of General Alexander Macomb in
+her home on the corner of I and Seventeenth Streets, where the Farragut
+apartment house now stands. He was of a Scotch family which originally
+settled in New York, and his father for some years was President of the
+St. Andrews Society of that city. After residing several months in
+Washington Mr. Halliday built several houses opposite the British
+Embassy on N Street, the largest of which he reserved for his own
+residence. It was here that Mr. and Mrs. Halliday entertained with such
+true Scotch hospitality. Their Friday evenings were bright spots on the
+social horizon, especially for the young people, as dancing was one of
+their special features. Just before the close of her second social
+season Mrs. Halliday gave a fancy-dress ball, which was a happy
+inspiration, varying as it did the monotony of germans, receptions and
+teas. On this occasion the minuet was danced by the younger guests
+dressed in Louis XIV. costumes.
+
+In the spring of 1880 the long and painful illness of my husband closed
+in death. He had been handicapped by years of ill health, and, although
+he had the intellectual power, the ability, the wings to spread, there
+was, alas, no surrounding air to bear them up! The ambition was there
+and the intense desire, but strength was lacking and he bore his
+affliction with sublime fortitude. For a while after his departure I
+felt akin to a ship lost at sea; my moorings were nowhere within sight.
+I had leaned on him through so many years of married life, constantly
+sustained by his high code of integrity and honor, that his death was
+indeed a bereavement too terrible for words to express. I care to say no
+more.
+
+The summer of the same year, accompanied by my daughters, I sought the
+quietude of the mountains of Virginia. Tarrying in the same house with
+me was Mrs. John Griffith Worthington of Georgetown, D.C., with whom I
+formed a lasting friendship. The Worthington family resided in the
+District long before it became the seat of government and owned
+extensive property. Even in extreme old age Mrs. Worthington was one of
+the most truly beautiful women I have ever seen. She was Miss Elizabeth
+Phillips of Dayton, Ohio, and a lineal descendant of President Jonathan
+Dickinson of Princeton University. Her daughter Eliza, Mrs. William
+Henry Philip, represented the same type of woman. John G. Worthington's
+sister married Judge William Gaston, the eminent jurist of North
+Carolina.
+
+The administration of Garfield was of short duration. The tragedy which
+brought to a speedy close his earthly career is too well known to be
+dwelt upon at length. The mortal attack upon him in 1881 by the fanatic
+Charles J. Guiteau in the old Pennsylvania railroad station on the
+corner of Sixth and D Streets shocked the civilized world, and his long
+and painful illness at Elberon was closely watched by a sympathizing
+public until it closed in death. Dr. D. W. Bliss was the Garfield family
+physician but the most eminent specialists of the country were called
+into consultation. It is the first time within my memory that I ever
+heard of the issue of official bulletins by physicians announcing the
+condition of their patients. At the trial of Guiteau he was defended by
+his brother-in-law, George M. Scoville, while Judge John K. Porter of
+New York and Walter D. Davidge of the Washington bar were employed to
+assist in the prosecution. This trial was of such absorbing interest
+that men and women crowded to the City Hall, where admission was granted
+only by ticket. No one could possibly have seen Guiteau without a
+feeling akin to pity, as he displayed every indication of possessing an
+unbalanced mind.
+
+The administration of President Arthur proved a source of delight to
+Washington society and afforded abundant demonstration, as in the cases
+of Jefferson, Jackson, Van Buren and Buchanan before him, that a
+"Mistress of the White House" in the person of a wife is not an absolute
+necessity. Mrs. John E. McElroy, the President's sister, spent much of
+her time in Washington and presided with grace over the social functions
+of the White House. The President himself was a gentleman of dignified
+and imposing presence and of great social as well as political tact. He
+instinctively seemed to know the proper thing to do and exactly when to
+do it. I was deeply touched by his thoughtfulness when my second
+daughter, Ruth Monroe, was married in December, 1882. Although we were
+still in mourning and had no personal acquaintance with the President
+nor other association at that time with the White House, General Arthur
+on that occasion sent superb flowers to my home from the conservatory of
+the Executive Mansion. I regarded the act as exceedingly gracious, but
+it was in every way characteristic of the man. The circumstances under
+which he succeeded to the Presidential chair were so painful and some of
+his former political affiliations were so distasteful to many that the
+early portion of his administration was attended with a certain degree
+of embarrassment; yet, by sheer force of character, unquestioned ability
+and magnificent tact he so effectively worked his way into the hearts of
+the people that he left the Presidential chair as highly esteemed as any
+of his predecessors and carried with him into retirement the applause of
+the people irrespective of party affiliation.
+
+I made the acquaintance of General and Mrs. Adolphus W. Greely soon
+after his return from his Arctic expedition. Both he and Rear Admiral
+Winfield Scott Schley, U.S.N., the rescued and the rescuer, were then
+receiving the ovations of the public. During our early acquaintance the
+Greelys purchased a delightful old-fashioned house on G Street, below
+Pennsylvania Avenue, where they still reside surrounded by a charming
+group of sons and daughters. General Greely is always an object of
+interest wherever he goes and deservedly so, as scientific attainments,
+distinguished bearing and engaging manners such as his can never fail to
+win applause. Mrs. Greely, the bride of his youth and the companion of
+his maturer years, wins all hearts and holds them.
+
+It would be both unjust and ungrateful to make no mention of Mrs. Phoebe
+Hearst, the mother of William R. Hearst of New York. She came to
+Washington an entire stranger as the wife of the late Senator George
+Hearst of California, but soon endeared herself to all old residents by
+her personal magnetism, her social tact and her philanthropic acts.
+Deeply in sympathy with the work of women, her benevolence in this
+particular field was unbounded. Her entertainments were lavish and I was
+often numbered among her guests. I especially recall an evening
+reception given by her in honor of a company of authors attending a
+congress in Washington. It was remarkable for the number of
+distinguished men and women gathered from all parts of the country, some
+of whom I had never met before, and among them Mark Twain, Francis
+Marion Crawford and William Dean Howells.
+
+As I lay down my pen, memories of many old friends are passing before me
+and of their children, too. Then there are others with whom I formed
+ties later in life of the most enduring character. This is especially
+true of my old and cherished neighbors, Rear Admiral and Mrs. Francis A.
+Roe. With his work well done he now rests from his labors, but his widow
+is yet my valued friend. Still another is Rear Admiral Winfield Scott
+Schley, U.S. N. who, surrounded by admiring friends in Washington, lives
+quietly and unostentatiously and bears his laurels well; and last, but
+anything in the world but least, Mrs. Julian James, a representative of
+a distinguished New York family, the daughter of Theodorus Bailey Myers,
+who has made her home in Washington for many years, and is now the "Lady
+Bountiful" of the National Capital. Beautiful in person as well as in
+character, she distributes her wealth with a lavish hand, and richly
+deserves the words "well done."
+
+In looking backward through the years of a long and active life I have
+seen varied relays of humanity, all of them acting their parts and
+filling their appropriate niches--great and small often standing
+shoulder to shoulder and engaged in the same strife. Many of them, my
+friends in childhood as well as old age, have long since passed into the
+life beyond. _Vanitas Vanitatis!_ may be the exclamation of the
+moralizing cynic, but to me many of these memories are a blessed
+heritage, and I am grateful to the Father of All for permitting me to
+catch from them the inspiration to prepare these rambling notes.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+Abert, John, 195.
+
+Abinger, Lord, 211.
+  Lady, 211.
+
+Adams, Abigail, 134.
+  Abigail Louisa Smith, 148.
+  Charles, 148.
+  Charles Francis, 149, 352.
+  Mrs. Charles Francis, 148, 149, 352.
+  Elizabeth Combs, 205-207.
+  Isaac Hull, 205-207.
+  John (1), 57, 134, 147, 148, 206, 316.
+  John (2), 214, 282.
+  Mrs. John, 214, 282.
+  John Quincy, 31, 32, 148, 149, 199, 200, 206, 214, 279, 280, 282.
+  Mrs. John Quincy, 279, 280, 332.
+  Mary Louisa, 199.
+  Thomas Boylston, 206, 207.
+  William, 180.
+
+Addington, Henry Unwin, 279.
+
+Addison, Joseph, 80.
+
+Adrian, Robert, 53, 66.
+
+Agg, John T., 280.
+
+Albert, Prince, 163.
+  William T., 372.
+
+Alcott, Amos Bronson, 158.
+
+Alfonso XIII., of Spain, 100.
+
+Allen, Eliza, 198.
+  John, 198.
+
+Allerton, Willoughby, 324.
+  Mrs. Willoughby, 324.
+
+Allston, Washington, 99.
+
+Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno, 229.
+  Mrs. Juan Nepomuceno, 229.
+
+Almy, John J., 257.
+
+Anderson, Richard C, 239.
+  Robert, 239.
+  Mrs. Robert, 239, 240.
+
+Andrews, Edward G., 53.
+  John A., 178.
+
+Anne, Queen, 141.
+
+Anthon, Charles, 13-16, 18.
+
+Anthony, Henry B., 361.
+
+Appleton, James Means, 255.
+  Jesse, 255.
+
+Armistead, Richard, 145.
+  Mrs. Richard, 69, 146.
+  Susan, 73, 145.
+
+Armstrong, John, 72.
+  Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Arthur, Chester A., 11, 390, 391.
+
+Ashton, Henry, 215.
+
+Astor, Dorothea, 74.
+  Eliza, 75.
+  Emily, 53.
+  George, 76.
+  "George and Company," 76.
+  Henry, 75.
+  John Jacob (1), 33, 36, 39, 72-77.
+  John Jacob (2), 22.
+  Magdalen, 74.
+  William B., 22, 23, 53, 72.
+  William Waldorf, 102.
+  "Astor and Camp," 76.
+
+Atkinson, Henry, 163.
+  Mrs. Henry, 163.
+
+Auchmuty, Richard Tyldin, 364.
+
+Audenreid, Florence, 373.
+  Joseph C., 372.
+
+Augustus, Emperor, 385.
+
+Aulick, John H., 169.
+
+
+Bache, Eliza Ann, 78.
+  Matilda, 278.
+
+Bacon, Alice, 19.
+  Delia, 19.
+  Francis, 34.
+  Julia, 19.
+  Leonard, 19.
+
+Badger, Miss, 374.
+
+Bakhmeteff, Madame, 364.
+
+Balfe, Michael William, 227.
+  Victoire, 227.
+
+Ball, Mary, 377.
+
+Bancroft, George, 171, 199, 371, 372.
+  Mrs. George, 106, 372.
+
+Bankhead, James, 186, 211.
+  The Misses, 186.
+
+Banks, Nathaniel P., 178, 315.
+
+Bannister, Mr., 185.
+
+Bantz, Gideon, 340.
+
+Baraza, Cipriano, 297.
+
+Barbour, James L., 175.
+
+Barca, de la, Don Calderon, 233.
+  Madame Calderon, 233, 252.
+
+Barclay, Andrew D., 142.
+
+Bard, Samuel, 146.
+  William, 146.
+
+Barker, Jacob, 43.
+
+Barlow, Francis C., 184.
+
+Barnum, P. T., 162.
+
+Barron, James, 259.
+
+Bartlett, William H. C., 123.
+
+Bass, Mrs. Eug�nie, 231.
+
+Bazaine, Fran�ois Achill�, 278.
+
+Beach, Moses Y., 44, 113.
+
+Beale, Edward F., 364.
+  Mrs. Edward F., 364.
+  Mary, 364.
+
+Bearn, de, Louis, 230, 231.
+  Princess, 231.
+
+Beauharnais, de, Hortense, 258.
+
+Beaujour, de, Felix, 51.
+
+Beaumont, John C., 304.
+
+Beauregard, de, Paix, 58.
+  Toutant, 58.
+  Pierre G. T., 54, 58, 234.
+
+Beck, James B., 387.
+  Mrs. James B., 387.
+
+Becket, �, Thomas, 96.
+
+Beckett, Hamilton, 96.
+
+Belden, George, 144.
+  Julia, 144.
+
+Belknap, William G., 374.
+
+Bellini, Giovanni, 234.
+
+Bellows, Henry W., 147.
+
+Belmont, August, 35, 85, 95.
+  Mrs. August, 95, 165.
+
+Beltzhoover, Daniel M., 121.
+
+Benham, Henry W., 64, 255.
+  Mrs. Henry W., 64, 255.
+
+Bennett, James Gordon, 46, 47, 83.
+  Mrs. James Gordon, 47.
+
+Benton, James G., 46.
+  Mrs. James G., 46.
+  Jessie Ann, 229.
+  Mr., 281.
+  Susan, 229.
+  Thomas H., 92, 93, 229, 279.
+
+Bentzon, Adrian B., 74.
+  Mrs. Adrian B., 74.
+
+B�rault, Am�line, 52.
+  Charles, 67.
+  Madame Charles, 67.
+  Laura, 52.
+  Marie-Louise Jos�phine Laure, 67.
+  Pauline, 68.
+  Vincente Rose Am�line, 67.
+
+Beresford, William, 154.
+
+Bergmans, Alfred, 232.
+  Madame Alfred, 232.
+
+Berret, James G., 367.
+  Mrs. James G., 367.
+
+Berrian, William, 86.
+
+Berrien, William McPherson, 56.
+
+Bertinatti, Giuseppe, 231.
+  Madame Giuseppe, 231.
+
+Bibby, Augustus, 267.
+  Edward N., 267.
+  Mrs. Edward N., 267.
+  Gouverneur S., 36, 371.
+  Mrs. Gouverneur S., 22.
+  Henry Warburton, 267.
+
+Biddle, Nicholas, 14.
+
+Bigelow, John, 53, 126.
+
+Bisset, John, 142.
+
+Black, Jeremiah S., 286.
+  Rebecca B., 286.
+
+Blackwell, Jacob, 5.
+  Lydia, 5.
+  Robert, 5.
+
+Blaine, James G., 174, 361, 385.
+  Mrs. James G., 361, 385.
+
+Blair, Hugh, 30.
+  Mrs. James, 258.
+
+Bleecker, Anthony, 87.
+
+Bliss, Alexander, 372.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 372.
+  D. W., 390.
+  William W. S., 152.
+
+Blodgett, George M., 87.
+
+Boggs, Edward B., 87.
+
+Boilleau, Baron Geoffrey, 229, 230.
+  The Baroness, 229.
+
+Bolles, T. Dix, 215.
+  Mrs. T. Dix, 215.
+
+Bolton, William Compton, 21.
+  Mrs. William Compton, 21.
+
+Bonaparte, Jerome, 339.
+
+Boreel, Mrs. Francis R., 73.
+
+Borland, Mr., 281.
+  Solon, 205.
+
+Boswell, James, 80.
+
+Botelwalla, (a Parsee), 294.
+
+Botta, Vincenzo, 158.
+  Mrs. Vincenzo, 158, 159.
+
+Bouck, William C., 189, 193.
+
+Bowne, Walter, 30.
+
+Boyce, Edward, 233.
+  Mrs. Edward, 233.
+
+Bradford, Elizabeth Hopkins, 375.
+  William, 183.
+
+Bradish, Luther, 3.
+
+Bradley, Joseph P., 382.
+
+Brady, James T., 83, 84.
+
+Brandegee, Maria, 58.
+
+Brasher, Philip, 43.
+
+Bratz, Herrman, 372.
+
+Bray, Mrs. Ann Eliza, 66.
+
+Breckenridge, John C., 220.
+
+Bresson, de, Paul Alfred, 232.
+
+Bridge, Horatio, 274.
+  Mrs. Horatio, 274.
+
+Bridgens, Cornelia, 159, 160.
+  The Misses, 159.
+
+Brodhead, Jacob, 86.
+
+Broglie, de, Duchesse, 75.
+
+Bronson, Orestes Augustus, 158.
+
+Brooke, Catharine L., 174.
+
+Brooks, Peter C., 148.
+  Preston S., 244.
+  Mrs. Sidney, 225.
+
+Brown, B. Gratz, 351.
+  Colonel, 348.
+  Jesse, 176.
+  John Marshall, 215.
+  Mrs. John Marshall, 215.
+  Mr., 281.
+  Robert M. G., 340.
+  Mrs. Robert M. G., 340.
+  (Sexton), 135, 136, 137.
+
+Browne, George W., 35.
+
+Browning, Robert, 371.
+  Mrs. Robert, 371.
+
+Brownlee, William C., 86.
+
+Bryant, William Cullen, 45, 48, 119.
+
+Buchanan, James, 176, 177, 218, 242, 276, 285, 286, 288, 341, 376, 390.
+  James, (British Consul in N.Y.), 168.
+  Roberdeau, 9.
+  Mrs. Roberdeau, 9.
+
+Buckingham, Mrs. Benjamin F., 199.
+
+Buckley, Barzilla, 18.
+
+Bucknor, Cornelia, 185.
+  Emily, 186.
+  Frank, 185, 186.
+
+Bull, Ole, 196.
+
+Bullitt, Diana Moore, 163.
+  Eloise, ("Lou"), 163.
+  Mary, 163.
+
+Bulloch, James D., 304.
+
+Bunner, Anne, 40.
+  Rudolph, 40, 42, 43.
+
+Burdette, Charles, 9.
+
+Burke, Edmund, 84.
+
+Burney, Frances, 66.
+
+Burns, David, 236, 237.
+  Robert, 14.
+  William C., 297.
+
+Burnside, Ambrose E., 361, 364.
+
+Burr, Aaron, 6, 99, 108, 258.
+  Theodosia, 99.
+
+Burton, William E., 13, 26, 82, 162.
+
+Bush, Ralph I., 27, 28.
+
+Butler, Andrew P., 244.
+  Benjamin F., 92, 161.
+  Mrs. Benjamin F., 161.
+  Gen. Benjamin F., 221, 222, 274.
+  Charles Henry, 368.
+  Pierce (1), (Senator), 85.
+  Pierce (2), 85.
+
+Byron, Lord, 40, 84, 354.
+
+
+Caballero, Lucas, 297.
+
+Cabell, Mrs. Robert Henry, 105, 183.
+
+Cadwalader, John (1), 255.
+  John (2), 255.
+  John L., 373.
+  Mary, 373.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 267.
+
+Calhoun, John C., 4, 279, 384.
+
+Cameron, Simon, 274.
+
+Cammack, Mrs., 54.
+
+Campan, Madame, 29, 258.
+
+Campbell, Alexander, 7, 8.
+  Archibald, 207, 218.
+  Mrs. Archibald, 207.
+  Charles H., 207.
+  Mrs. Charles H., 207.
+  Charlotte, 265, 311.
+  Fanny, 19, 22, 139, 171.
+  James (1), 6, 12-15, 18, 31-33, 40, 45, 179, 180, 366.
+  Mrs. James, 14, 18, 262, 266, 271, 311.
+
+Campbell, James (2), 22, 23, 265.
+  Malcolm (1), 6, 8, 9, 45.
+  Malcolm (2), 17, 98, 173, 265, 311.
+  Margaret, 115, 184, 187, 233, 262, 264-266.
+  Marian, 16, 261, 262, 264, 266.
+  St. George Tucker, 212.
+  Mrs. St. George Tucker, 212.
+  Miss, 374.
+
+Canda, Charles, 67.
+  Charlotte, 67.
+
+Canova, Antonio, 338.
+
+Carey, Asa Bacon, 355.
+  Mrs. Asa Bacon, 355.
+
+Carlisle, Earl of, 106, 146.
+
+Carlota, Empress, 208, 209.
+
+Caroline, Queen of Naples, 337, 338.
+
+Carpenter, Lilian, 372.
+  Matthew, 372.
+
+Carr, Jonathan, 2.
+
+Carroll, Alida, 215.
+  Carrie, 215.
+  Charles, 101, 106, 262.
+  Daniel, 236.
+  Harriet, 262.
+  Helen Sophia, 314.
+  Sallie, 215.
+  Violetta Lansdale, 215.
+  William Thomas, 214, 217, 266.
+  Mrs. William Thomas, 214, 266.
+
+Carter, Bernard Moore, 97.
+  Robert, 249.
+
+Cass, Isabella, 121, 187.
+  Lewis Cass, 121, 188.
+
+Casti, Giovanni Battista, 34.
+
+Caton, Richard, 101.
+  Mrs. Richard, 101.
+
+Caux, de, Grimaud, 358.
+  Madame Grimaud, 358.
+
+Chalmers, Thomas, 168.
+
+Chandler, William E., 361.
+  Mrs. William E., 361.
+  Zachariah, 241, 368.
+  Mrs. Zachariah, 368.
+
+Channing, William Henry, 157, 158.
+
+Chapman, John Gadsby, 119.
+
+Charraud, John T., 29.
+
+Chase, Salmon P., 218, 334.
+
+Chateaubriand, Fran�ois Auguste, 101.
+
+Chaulet, Mrs. George R. A., 67.
+
+Chegaray, Madame Eloise, 50-54, 57, 58, 61, 63-67, 69, 103, 139, 216.
+
+Chesterfield, Lord, 80, 329.
+
+Chew, Beverly, 57.
+  Mrs. Beverly, 57, 58.
+  Catharine Alexander, 57.
+  Robert S., 218.
+
+Choate, Rufus, 85, 94, 178, 225.
+
+Chopin, Fr�deric Fran�ois, 76.
+
+Chrystie, Mr., 186.
+
+Church, Albert E., 123.
+
+Clagett, Darius, 175.
+
+Clark, Daniel, 58.
+
+Clay, Clement C., 277.
+  Mrs. Clement C., 277.
+  Henry, 31, 32, 63, 89, 159, 279,
+  317, 384.
+
+Clerke, William B., 185.
+
+Cleveland, Grover, 34, 383.
+
+Clinch, Duncan L., 240.
+
+Clinton, Augusta, 71.
+  Mrs. DeWitt, 69, 70, 71, 129, 145.
+  Julia, 69.
+
+Cochrane, John, 109, 150, 352.
+
+Codman, Charles Russell, 111.
+
+Coffey, Titian J., 367.
+  Mrs. Titian J., 367.
+
+Cohen, Abraham H., 9.
+  Mrs. Abraham H., 9.
+  Mrs. Sara Jane Picken, 9.
+
+Coleman, Margaret, 199.
+  Sarah, 199.
+
+Coles, Mrs. (of New York), 35.
+
+Colfax, Schuyler, 356.
+  Mrs. Schuyler, 356.
+
+Colhoun, Mrs. William H., 187.
+
+Collins, Charles Oliver, 359.
+  Mrs. Charles Oliver, 359.
+  Mrs. Mary Bailey, 359.
+
+Condit-Smith, John, 385.
+  Mrs. John, 385.
+
+Conkling, Roscoe, 361.
+  Mrs. Roscoe, 361.
+
+Connelly, Pierce, 61, 62.
+  Mrs. Pierce, 63.
+
+Contoit, John H., 34.
+
+Conway, Moncure D., 378, 379.
+
+Coolidge, Mrs. Harriet Morris, 200.
+  Richard Henry, 200.
+  Mrs. Richard Henry, 200.
+
+Cooper, James Fenimore, 92, 131.
+  Priscilla, 94.
+  Thomas Apthorpe, 94.
+  Mrs. Thomas Apthorpe, 94.
+
+Corbin, Francis Porteus, 339.
+
+Corcoran, Thomas, 217.
+  William W., 197, 217, 374, 376.
+
+Cornbury, Lord, 141.
+
+Cottringer, Mr., 281.
+
+Coudert, Frederick R., 17.
+
+Cox, Arthur Cleveland, 90.
+  Samuel H., 90.
+
+Cozzens, William B., 36, 180.
+
+Craig, Adam, 64.
+  Mrs. Adam, 64.
+  Jane Stith, 64.
+
+Crampton, John F. T., 226-228.
+  Mrs. John F. T., 227.
+
+Crane, Charles H., 195.
+  Ichabod B., 195.
+
+Crawford, Francis Marion, 392.
+  William H., 32, 282.
+
+Crean, Henrietta Agnes, 47.
+
+Crittenden, John Jordan, 279.
+
+Croghan, Mary E., 233, 234.
+
+Cromwell, Oliver, 2, 381.
+  Samuel, 91, 93.
+
+Crooke, Mary, 131.
+
+Croom, Henry B., 54.
+  Henrietta, 54, 55, 57.
+
+Cropper, John, 358.
+  Mrs. John, 358.
+
+Crowninshield, Arent Schuyler, 375.
+  Mrs. Arent Schuyler, 12, 375-376.
+  Benjamin W., 282.
+  The Misses, 280, 282.
+
+Cruger, Mrs. Douglas, 111.
+
+Cumberland, Duke of, 7, 201.
+
+Cunard, Edward, 117.
+  Lady, 166.
+
+Curry, Jabez L. M., 99.
+  Mrs. Jabez L. M., 99.
+
+Curtin, Andrew G., 352, 367.
+
+Curtis, George William, 158, 377.
+
+Cushing, Caleb, 101, 102, 178, 198, 251, 252, 254, 255, 265, 333.
+
+Custis, Mrs. Daniel Parke, 236.
+  Mrs. Sallie Smith, 337.
+
+Cutts, Mrs. Rose Adelle ("Addie"), 219.
+  James Madison, 218, 219.
+  Mrs. James Madison, 218-220.
+  Richard, 218.
+
+
+Dahlgren, John A., 377, 378.
+  Mrs. John A., 377.
+  Mrs. Madeleine Vinton, 377, 378.
+
+Dallas, George M., 85.
+
+Daly, Charles P., 13, 18.
+  Joseph F., 18.
+
+Dana, Charles A., 157, 352.
+  Francis, 158.
+  Mrs. Francis, 158.
+
+Da Ponte, Lorenzo, 53, 82.
+  Lorenzo L., 53.
+
+Dardon, Madame, 374.
+
+Darwin, Charles, 80.
+
+Davenport, Mrs. Henry K., 213
+  Richard G., 213.
+
+Davidge, Walter D., 387, 390.
+  Mrs. Walter D., 387.
+
+Davidson, Samuel, 236.
+
+Davies, Solomon B., 265.
+  Mrs. Solomon B., 265.
+
+Davis, Charles Augustus, 36, 74.
+  Mrs. Charles Augustus, 74.
+  David, 352.
+  Delaware, 380.
+  Henry Gassaway, 340.
+  Mrs. Henry Gassaway, 340.
+  George T., 245.
+  Grace, 340.
+  Hallie, 340.
+  Jefferson, 103, 213, 284, 287.
+  Mrs. Jefferson, 213, 276.
+  John, 373.
+  Kate, 340.
+  Samuel B., 380.
+  Winter, 178.
+
+Dawes, Anna, 361.
+  Henry L., 361.
+  Mrs. Henry L., 361.
+
+Day, Henry, 137.
+
+De Genlis, Madame, 168.
+
+De Hart, Abigail, 180.
+
+De Kay, George Coleman, 221.
+
+De Koven, Henry, 117.
+  Mrs. Henry, 117.
+  Reginald, 117.
+
+De Menou, Jules, 193.
+
+De Peyster, Arent Schuyler, 34, 165.
+  Captain, 51.
+  Frederick (1), 49.
+  Frederick (2), 39, 163, 164.
+  Mrs. Frederick, 164.
+  James Ferguson, 64.
+  John Watts, 116, 163, 165, 166.
+  Mrs. John Watts, 116, 166.
+  Susan Maria Clarkson, 64.
+
+De Rham, Henry Casimir, 102.
+  Mrs. Henry Casimir, 102.
+
+De Ruiz, Domingo Leoncio, 68.
+  Mrs. Domingo Leoncio, 68.
+
+De Sodr�, Lucinia, 314.
+  Luis Pereira, 314.
+
+De Sta�l, Madame, 75, 276.
+
+De Veaux, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+De Wint, Caroline, 134.
+
+De Witt, Thomas, 86, 180.
+
+De Wolf, Mr., 281.
+
+Decatur, Anne Pine, 309.
+  Stephen (1), 216, 258, 259, 279, 309, 310.
+  Mrs. Stephen, 259.
+  Stephen (2), 309.
+
+Dehon, Fanny, 225.
+
+Delafield, Edward, 116.
+  Mrs. Edward, 116.
+  Henry, 111, 115, 116.
+  John, 115.
+  Joseph, 116.
+  Richard, 116.
+  William, 116.
+
+Delarue, Marguerite M., 175.
+
+Demonet, Charles, 175.
+
+Demsey, John, 323.
+
+Denning, Hannah Maria, 15.
+
+Dennison, Jenny, 367.
+  Miss, 374.
+  William, 367.
+  Mrs. William, 367.
+
+Dent, Louis, 355.
+  Mrs. Louis, 355.
+
+Derby, George H., 282-285.
+
+D�sabaye, Caroline, 67.
+  Clara, 52.
+  Gustave, 51.
+  Marc, 51, 52.
+  Pierre Prosper, 50.
+
+D�slonde, Adrian, 93.
+  Marie Mathilde, 95.
+
+Dewey, Orville, 88.
+
+D'Hervilly, Joseph U. F., 68.
+  Madame Joseph U. F., 67, 68.
+
+Dickinson, Jonathan, 389.
+  Julia Maria, 47.
+
+Didot, Firmin, 13.
+
+Diehl, George, 328, 341.
+  Mrs. George, 328, 341.
+  Marie, 328.
+
+Dieterich, George, 75.
+
+Dillon-Lee, Marmaduke, 328.
+
+Dix, John A., 315.
+  Morgan, 75.
+
+Dodge, Mary Abigail, 374, 385.
+
+Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 358, 359.
+
+Donoho, Thomas Seaton, 272, 275.
+
+D'Oremieulx, Theophile, 147.
+
+Douglas, Dr., 198.
+  George, 113, 142.
+  Mrs. George, 111, 114.
+  Jennie, 218.
+  John W., 357.
+  Mrs. John W., 357.
+  Stephen A., 219, 220, 265.
+  Mrs. Stephen A., 219, 220, 276, 349.
+  William, 111.
+
+Downing, Andrew Jackson, 134.
+  Mrs. Andrew Jackson, 134.
+  "Jack," 276.
+  Mrs. "Jack," 74.
+
+Dryden, John, 80.
+
+Dudley, Mrs. Henry, 188.
+  Mrs. William E., 370.
+
+Duer, Anna Henrietta, 40.
+  Catharine Theodore, 84.
+  Edward Alexander, 84.
+  Mrs. Edward Alexander, 84.
+  Eleanor Jones, 15, 131.
+  Elizabeth Denning, 132.
+  Frances Maria, 15, 132.
+  John, 40, 92.
+  Mrs. John, 40.
+  Maria Theodosia, 58.
+  William A., 14, 15, 58, 84, 132.
+  Mrs. William A., 15.
+
+Duke, Mrs. Basil, 243.
+
+Dundas, Mr., 168.
+
+Dunmore, Earl of, 141-143.
+
+Dunn, Miss, 374.
+
+Durand, Asher B., 119.
+
+Dutilh, Eugene, 165.
+  Mrs. Eugene, 165.
+
+Dyer, Alexander B., 125.
+
+
+Eames, Charles, 128, 171, 172, 313.
+  Mrs. Charles, 128, 171-173, 178, 179, 249, 261-262, 265, 313, 367.
+  Charles Campbell, 386.
+  Fanny, 172.
+
+Early, Jubal A., 324.
+
+Eastman, Mrs. Anna Harris, 369.
+  Thomas Henderson, 369.
+  Mrs. Thomas Henderson, 369.
+
+Eaton, John H., 359.
+  Mrs. John H., 359.
+
+Edes, Margaret, 275.
+
+Edgar, Daniel, 79.
+  Mrs. Daniel, 79.
+
+Edgeworth, Maria, 66, 98.
+
+Edward VII., 163.
+
+Elkins, Stephen B., 340.
+  Mrs. Stephen B., 340, 378.
+
+Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth, 286, 340, 341.
+
+Ellicott, Andrew, 205.
+
+Elssler, Fanny, 85, 86.
+
+Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 99, 158, 251.
+
+Emery, William H., 278.
+  Mrs. William H., 278.
+
+Emmett, the Messrs. of N.Y., 112.
+
+Emory, Miss, 374.
+
+Eppes, Francis Wayles, 339.
+  John Wayles, 339.
+  Mrs. John Wayles, 339.
+
+Esterhazy, The Countess, 215.
+
+Eug�nie, Empress, 270, 307, 338.
+
+Eustis, Abram, 100.
+  Mrs. Abram, 100.
+
+Evarts, William M., 151, 152, 383.
+
+Eveleth, Kate, 362, 363.
+
+Everett, Edward, 64, 148, 149, 178, 214, 222-225, 266.
+  Mrs. Edward, 148, 222.
+  Henry Sidney, 149.
+
+Ewell, Cordelia, 273.
+  Richard S., 273.
+
+
+Fahnenberg, Baron, 243.
+
+Fairlie, James, 94.
+  Louisa, 94.
+  Mary, 94.
+
+Farley, Mrs. John, 214.
+
+Featherstonhaugh, G. W., 97.
+
+Fendall, Mrs. Reginald, 367.
+
+Fessenden, John M., 182.
+
+Field, Cyrus W., 384.
+  David Dudley, 384.
+  Henry M., 384.
+  Stephen J., 384.
+  Mrs. Stephen J., 384, 385.
+
+Figani�re, Joaquim Cesar de, 70.
+
+Fish, Bayard, 185.
+  Beekman, 185, 186.
+  "Fish, Grinnell and Company," 113.
+
+Fish, Hamilton (1), 103, 148, 150, 151, 152, 165, 174, 186, 286, 373.
+  Mrs. Hamilton, 52, 150, 152,
+  153, 174, 187, 205, 286, 360.
+  Hamilton (2), 373.
+  Preserved, 113, 114.
+
+Fisher, George H., 180.
+
+Fitzgerald, Louis, 269.
+
+Floyd, John B., 341.
+  John G., 266.
+  Julia, 116.
+  Mr., 281.
+  William, 116.
+
+Follin, Adolphus, 185.
+
+Foote, Henry S., 388.
+  Kate, 361.
+
+Forbes, Harriet Blackwell, 187.
+  John, 22.
+  Mrs. John, 23.
+  Maria, 22-24, 26-28, 30, 50, 294.
+
+Forrest, Edwin, 82, 83.
+  Mrs. Edwin, 83.
+  Uriah, 369, 370.
+
+Forsyth, John, 30, 31, 282.
+  Mrs. John, 280, 282.
+
+Foster, Lafayette S., 334.
+
+Fox, Henry Stephen, 227, 228.
+
+Francis, John W., 23, 26-28,
+  69, 81, 82, 98, 115, 180.
+
+Franklin, Benjamin, 26, 28, 379.
+
+Fraser, Donald, 115.
+
+Freeman, Isabel, 199.
+  William G., 199.
+  Mrs. William G., 199.
+
+Frelinghuysen, Frederick, 11.
+  Frederick Theodore, 11.
+  Theodore, 11.
+
+Fremont, John C., 230.
+  Mrs. John C., 230.
+
+Frietchie, Barbara, 125, 327.
+
+Fuller, Margaret, 158.
+  Melville, 215.
+
+Furguson, Mrs., 287
+
+
+Gadsby, John, 177.
+
+Gage, Henry (1), 24.
+  Henry (2), 125.
+  Thomas, 124.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 124.
+
+Gaines, Edmund Pendleton (1), 58.
+  Mrs. Edmund Pendleton, 58.
+  Edmund Pendleton (2), 354.
+  Mrs. Edmund Pendleton (2), 354.
+  Mrs. Myra Clark, 58.
+
+Gales, Mrs. Joseph, 280, 282.
+
+Galliher, Mr., 185.
+
+Galt, Matthew W., 367.
+  Mrs. Matthew W., 367.
+
+Garcia, Manuel, 81.
+  Signor, 81.
+
+Garfield, James A., 377, 389, 390.
+
+Garrick, David, 80.
+
+Garrison, William Lloyd, 99.
+
+Gaston, William, 279, 389.
+  Mrs. William, 389.
+
+Gau, Alexandre, 233, 266.
+  Mrs. Alexandre, 233, 270.
+
+Gautier, Charles, 175.
+
+Gauvain, Michael A., 29.
+
+Gelston, David, 72.
+  Henry, 35.
+  Maltby, 71, 72, 100, 101.
+  Margaret, 71, 72, 100.
+  Mary, 71, 72, 100.
+
+Genet, Edmond Charles, 1, 2, 29.
+
+George I., 8.
+
+Gerard, James W., 144, 185.
+  Julia, 185.
+
+Gerolt, von, Bertha, 232.
+  The Baroness, 232.
+  Frederick Charles Joseph, 231, 232.
+  The Baroness, 232.
+
+Gerry, Mrs. Hannah Greene, 217.
+
+Gevers, Johan Cornelis, 213, 266.
+  The Baroness, 213.
+
+Gibbes, Annette, 22.
+  Charlotte Augusta, 22.
+  Robert Morgan, 102.
+  Mrs. Robert Morgan, 102.
+  Thomas S., 21, 36.
+  Mrs. Thomas S., 21, 22, 36.
+
+Gibbon, Edward, 80.
+
+Gibbs, Benjamin F., 304.
+  George, 147.
+  Mrs. George, 147, 313.
+  Laura Wolcott, 147.
+  Wolcott, 147.
+
+Gillett, Ransom H., 138.
+
+Goelet, Peter, 217.
+
+Goldsborough, Margaret, 334, 350.
+  Mary Catharine, 334.
+
+Gonzales, Ambrosio Jos�, 234, 235.
+
+Goodloe, Green Clay, 387.
+  Mrs. Green Clay, 387.
+
+Gordon, John B., 324.
+
+Gordon-Cumming, Alexander Penrose, 172.
+  Mrs. Alexander Penrose, 172.
+
+Gould, James, 4.
+
+Gouverneur, Mrs. Abraham, 131.
+  Elizabeth, 265.
+  Emily, 120.
+  Frederick Philipse, 130.
+  Gertrude, 118.
+  Isaac, 118.
+  Louisa A., 270.
+  Margaret Philipse, 130.
+  Mary Marston, 130, 131, 269.
+  Maud Campbell, 183, 270, 271, 307, 362.
+  Nicholas, 118, 127, 256.
+  Rose de Chine, 309, 346.
+  Ruth Monroe, 288, 320, 390.
+  Samuel, 130.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 130, 131.
+  Samuel L. (1), 193, 256-258, 261, 262, 264, 265, 272, 314, 315, 320.
+  Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (first wife, Maria Hester Monroe), 47, 109, 256,
+    257, 259, 260, 264.
+  Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (second wife, Mary Digges Lee), 256, 261, 262,
+    265.
+  Samuel L. (2), 25, 109, 115, 256, 259, 262-264, 267, 270-272, 275,
+    276, 282, 283, 285, 288, 290, 292, 294, 295, 300-303, 306-309, 312,
+    313, 316-320, 322, 323, 325, 328, 330, 332, 335, 350-353, 356, 364,
+    366, 370, 373, 389.
+  Mrs. Samuel L. (2), _Preface_, 25, 139, 206, 270, 271, 308, 344, 346,
+    347, 348, 362, 366.
+  Samuel Mongan Warburton, 269.
+
+"Gouverneur and Kemble," 48, 118.
+
+Gower, Ronald, 228.
+
+Grabow, von, Guido, 233, 266.
+  The Baroness, 233.
+
+Graham, George, 213.
+  Mrs. George, 213.
+  John, 213.
+
+Granger, Adele, 139.
+  Delia W., 370.
+  Francis, 138.
+  Gideon, 138.
+
+Grant, Frederick, 374.
+  Nellie, 356, 366.
+  Ulysses S., 152, 232, 254, 319, 349, 350, 351, 352, 355, 356, 361,
+    365, 370, 372, 373, 376, 381.
+  Mrs. Ulysses S., 355.
+
+Gray, John F., 133.
+
+Greeley, Horace, 225, 350, 351, 352, 355, 356.
+
+Greely, Adolphus W., 214, 391.
+  Mrs. Adolphus W., 214, 391.
+
+Green, Alice, 370.
+  John, 370.
+  Thomas, 240.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 240.
+
+Greenhow, Robert, 220.
+  Mrs. Robert, 177, 218, 220, 221, 222.
+  Rose, 220.
+
+Greenwood, Grace, 377.
+
+Greig, John, 39, 138.
+
+Griffin, William Preston, 205.
+  Mrs. William Preston, 52, 205.
+
+Griffith, Arabella, 184.
+  George, 92.
+  Philip, 222, 224.
+
+Grinnell, Cornelia, 160.
+
+"Grinnell, Minturn and Co.," 133.
+
+Guiteau, Charles J., 390.
+
+Gurowski, Adam, 177, 246-250.
+  Ignatius, 249, 250.
+  Ladislas, 246.
+
+Guthrie, James, 178, 266, 286.
+
+Gwin, William McKendree, 276, 278.
+  Mrs. William McKendree, 276.
+
+
+Habersham, Joseph (1), 57.
+  Joseph (2), 57.
+  Josephine, 57.
+  William Neyle, 57, 335.
+  Mrs. William Neyle, 57, 335.
+
+Haight, Mrs. Richard K., 155.
+
+Haldane, Mary, 358.
+
+Hale, Eugene, 368.
+
+Halleck, Henry W., 317, 318.
+
+Hallett, Hughes, 286.
+  Mrs. Hughes, 286.
+
+Halliday, Edward C., 388.
+  Mrs. Edward C., 388, 389.
+
+Hamilton, Alexander (1), 78, 108, 109, 257, 274, 380.
+  Mrs. Alexander (1), 193, 197, 287.
+  Alexander (2), 38.
+  Mrs. Alexander (2), 38.
+  Angelica, 108.
+  Gail, 374, 385.
+  James A., 38, 257.
+  Mrs. James A., 38.
+  John A., 175.
+  John C., 30, 36, 109.
+  Mrs. John C., 22.
+  Laurens, 109.
+  Molly, 96.
+  Philip, 108.
+  Schuyler, 105.
+  Mrs. Schuyler, 105, 365.
+
+Hammersley, Gordon, 154.
+  Mrs. Gordon, 154.
+  John, 154, 246.
+  Louis, 154.
+  Mrs. Louis, 154.
+  Thomas, 90.
+
+Hammond, George, 276.
+
+Hardee, William J., 120, 121, 125, 126, 266.
+
+Hardey, Madame Mary Aloysia, 59.
+
+Harod, Charles, 207.
+  Mary Williamson, 207.
+
+Harper, Emily, 101, 103, 246, 251, 265.
+
+Harper, Robert Goodloe, 101.
+  Mrs. Robert Goodloe, 101.
+  Walter, 175.
+
+Harrison, Augustus Joseph Francis, 307.
+  Benjamin, 274, 357.
+  Mrs. Henry, 368.
+  William Henry, 138, 201, 356.
+
+Hasbrouck, Henry C., 133.
+  Maria, 133.
+  William C., 133.
+  Mrs. William C., 133.
+
+Havens, Benny, 121-123.
+
+Haviland, John Von Sonntag, 277.
+
+Hawks, Francis L., 86, 87, 250.
+
+Hawley, Joseph R., 361.
+  Mrs. Joseph R., 361.
+  William, 257, 258.
+
+Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 157.
+
+Hay, George, 29, 258.
+  Mrs. George, 29, 258.
+  Sophie, 50, 51.
+
+Hayes, Rutherford B., 151, 367, 381-383, 387.
+  Mrs. Rutherford B., 383.
+
+Hayne, Mr., 281.
+
+Hazard, John, 1-3, 5, 18.
+  Mrs. John ("Nancy"), 6.
+  Jonathan, 2.
+  Maria, 132.
+  Mary Ann, 18.
+  Theodore E., 387.
+
+"Heard (Augustus) and Company," 293, 308.
+
+Hearst, George, 391.
+  Mrs. George (Phoebe), 391.
+  William R., 391.
+
+Heckscher, Richard, 146.
+  Mrs. Richard, 146.
+
+Heiskell, Henry Lee, 265.
+  Mrs. Henry Lee, 265.
+  James Monroe, 265, 319.
+
+Hellen, Mary, 214, 281, 282.
+
+Henry, Joseph, 359, 360.
+  Mrs. Joseph, 359.
+  Patrick, 142.
+
+Heth, Henry, 121.
+  Joice, 162.
+
+Heyward, Edward, 35.
+
+Hibbard, Mr., 262.
+
+Hicks, Henry W., 111, 117.
+
+"Hicks and Company," 117.
+
+Higginson, Francis J., 358.
+  Mrs. Francis J., 358.
+
+Hilgard, Theodore E., 387.
+  Mrs. Theodore E., 387.
+
+Hill, Clement C., 199.
+  Mrs. Clement C., 199, 372.
+  Ellen Ann, 368.
+
+Hilton, Henry, 17.
+
+Hinckley, Mrs. Samuel L., 81.
+
+Hinsdale, Horace, 35.
+
+Hoes, Roswell Randall, 346.
+  Mrs. Roswell Randall, _Preface_, 346.
+
+Hoff, William Bainbridge, 387.
+
+Hoffman, Charles F., 268, 269.
+  Mrs. Charles F., 269.
+  Charles W., 385.
+  Eugene A., 268.
+  Josiah Ogden, 128.
+  Matilda, 128.
+  Ogden, 43.
+  Mrs. Ogden, 44.
+
+"Hoffman and Seaton," 48.
+
+Hogan, Frances, 354.
+  William, 354.
+
+Hogarth, William, 2.
+
+Holly, Mrs. Hamilton, 108, 193, 274, 287.
+
+Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 245.
+
+Holt, Joseph, 341-344, 346-348.
+
+Hone, John, 34.
+  Philip, 30, 34.
+
+Hopkins, Louise, 375.
+  Samuel Miles, 12.
+
+Hornsby, Isham, 286.
+  Mrs. Isham, 286.
+
+Horsey, Outerbridge, 314.
+
+Hortense, Queen, 29.
+
+House, Crissie, 331.
+  The Misses, 331.
+
+Houston, Sam, 198, 199.
+  Mrs. Sam (first wife, Eliza Allen), 198.
+  Mrs. Sam (second wife, Margaret Moffette), 199.
+
+Howard, Henry George, 106.
+  Mrs. Henry George, 106.
+
+Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, 53.
+
+Howells, William Dean, 392.
+
+Howland, Gardiner G., 239.
+  Mrs. Gardiner G., 239.
+
+Hoyt, Goold, 196.
+  Mrs. Goold, 196.
+  Hannah, 269.
+
+Hoyt, Henry Shaeffe, 15, 132.
+  Mrs. Henry Sheaffe, 15, 132.
+  Jesse, 31, 32, 33.
+
+Huc, Evariste R�gis, 288.
+
+Hughes, John, 59, 88, 89, 104-106.
+
+Hull, Amos G., 133.
+
+Hulsemann, John George, 231.
+
+Humboldt, von, Alexander, 232, 245, 289.
+
+Hunt, Ward, 367.
+  Mrs. Ward, 367.
+  Mrs. Ridgely, 44.
+
+Hunter, David, 326.
+
+
+Iglehart, James, 304.
+
+Ingersoll, Colin M., 223.
+
+Ingle, Osborne, 328.
+
+Inglis, Fanny, 233.
+  Lydia, 233.
+
+Irving, Leslie, 185, 186.
+  Pierre Paris, 40.
+  Mrs. Pierre Paris, 40.
+  Sanders, 174.
+  Mrs. Sanders, 174, 370.
+  Washington, 40, 63, 127, 128, 129.
+
+Iselin, Adrian, 51.
+  Isaac, 51, 52.
+
+Izard, Ralph, 100.
+
+
+Jackson, Andrew, 4, 30, 70, 161, 189, 191, 207, 215, 244, 257, 279, 280,
+    282, 358, 359, 390.
+  Benjamin L., 175.
+  Luther, 29.
+  Thomas J. ("Stonewall"), 327.
+
+James II., 7.
+
+James, Edward, 167.
+  Mrs. Julian, 392.
+
+"Jardine and Matthewson," 306.
+
+Jauncey, Jane Mary, 78.
+
+Jay, Elizabeth Clarkson, 58.
+  John, 58, 379.
+  Peter Augustus, 58, 165, 204.
+  Mrs. Peter Augustus, 204, 214.
+
+Jefferson, Maria, 339.
+  Martha, 357.
+  Thomas, 57, 72, 97, 138, 142, 339, 357, 380, 381, 390.
+
+Jeffrey, Alexander, 370.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 370.
+
+Jeffrey, Jennie, 14.
+
+Jennings, Sarah, 154.
+
+Jesup, Thomas S., 258.
+
+Jewell, Miss, 374.
+
+Johnson, Alexander B., 148.
+  Mrs. Alexander B., 148, 150.
+  Andrew, 342, 343, 345, 347-349.
+  Bradley T., 319, 320, 321.
+  George, 142.
+  Joseph E. ("Joe"), 326.
+  Joshua, 279.
+  Louisa Catharine, 279, 332.
+  Samuel, 80, 84.
+  Thomas, 236, 279, 331.
+  Mrs. William Clarkson, 200.
+  William Crawford, 320.
+
+Johnston, Mrs. Harriet Lane, 286.
+  Mrs. Henry Elliott, 285.
+  James M., 369.
+  Mary B., 369.
+  William P., 368.
+
+Joinville, de, Prince, 83.
+
+Jones, David S., 15.
+  Dr., 262.
+  Mrs. Gore, 374.
+  Isaac, 153.
+  Mrs. Isaac, 153.
+  John P., 376.
+  Mary Anna Schuyler, 60.
+  Roger, 195, 283.
+  Samuel, 58, 60.
+  Madame Sarah, 58-60.
+  Virginia Collins, 255.
+  Walter, 255.
+
+Joseph II., of Austria, 34.
+
+Judd, Gerrit P., 171, 173.
+  Samuel, 36.
+
+
+Kane, De Lancey, 37, 39.
+  Mrs. De Lancey, 39, 74.
+  John, 39.
+  Lydia, 37, 162, 168.
+  Sarah, 39.
+
+Kantzow, de, Frederick, 163.
+  The Baroness, 163.
+
+Kean, Christine, 52, 205.
+  John, 187.
+  Peter Philip James, 205.
+
+Kearny, Mrs. Diana Bullitt, 165, 238.
+  Edward, 165.
+  Mary, 163.
+
+Kearny, Nancy, 163.
+  Philip (1), 163-165.
+  Mrs. Philip (1), 164.
+  Philip (2), 116, 163, 165, 175, 238.
+  Mrs. Philip (2), 163, 238, 239, 348.
+  Virginia De Lancey, 44.
+
+Keating, Miss, 374.
+
+Keats, John, 80.
+
+Keefer, C. H., 350.
+
+Kellogg, Frances, 216.
+  Julia, 216.
+  Sanford C., 276.
+
+Kemble, Charles, 84.
+  Ellen, 119.
+  Fanny, 15, 84-86, 124.
+  Gouverneur, 24, 80, 119, 123-127, 129, 130, 256, 268, 338.
+  Margaret, 124.
+  Margaret Tillotson, 73, 118.
+  Mary, 118, 119.
+  Peter, 118.
+  Mrs. Peter, 118.
+  Richard Frederick, 120.
+  Mrs. Richard Frederick, 120.
+  William, 73, 118, 119, 123, 129, 217, 268, 295.
+  Mrs. William, 119, 120, 185, 186, 271.
+
+Kemmerer, Joseph, 167.
+
+Kennedy, James C., 367.
+  Mrs. James C., 367.
+  Joseph C. G., 205.
+  Mrs. Joseph C. G., 205.
+  Thomas H., 58.
+  Mrs. Thomas H., 58.
+
+Kennon, Mrs. Beverly, 193.
+
+Kernan, Francis, 361.
+  Mrs. Francis, 361.
+  Miss, 361, 374.
+  Thomas, 361.
+
+Kerr, Mr., 281.
+
+Key, Francis Scott, 334.
+  Mrs. John, 370.
+
+Kidder, Jerome E., 266.
+
+Kilbourn, Miss, 374.
+
+King, Archibald Gracie, 15.
+  Mrs. Archibald Gracie, 15, 132.
+  Charles, 4, 46, 105.
+  Mrs. Charles, 105.
+  Charles B., 119.
+
+King, Charles C., 111.
+  Horatio, 376, 377.
+  Mrs. Horatio, 377.
+  John W., 64.
+  Mrs. John W., 64, 150.
+  Preston, 178, 349.
+  Rufus, 4, 279.
+
+Kingman, Eliab., 256, 272-274, 276.
+  Mrs. Eliab., 273.
+
+Kneeland, Samuel F., 17.
+
+Knox, John (1), 142.
+  John (2), 86, 180.
+  John, of Scotland, 86.
+
+Kortright, Hester, 256.
+  Lawrence, 256.
+
+Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 187, 246.
+
+Kossuth, Louis, 156, 157.
+
+Kourowski, Mr., 250.
+
+Kunkel, Jacob M., 328.
+  Mrs. Jacob M., 328.
+
+Kunze, Johann Christoff, 79.
+
+Kuroki, General, 250.
+
+
+Labitzky, Joseph, 167.
+
+Lafayette, de, Marquis, 1, 239.
+
+Lafitte, Jean, 207.
+
+La Fontaine, Jean, 53.
+
+Laight, Edward, 165.
+  Henry, 164.
+  Mrs. Henry, 164.
+
+Lamb, Charles, 80.
+
+Lane, Harriet, 285, 286.
+  James, 349.
+
+Langdon, John, 74.
+  Louisa, 39.
+  Walter, 73, 74.
+  Mrs. Walter, 73, 74.
+
+Lansdale, Philip, 304.
+
+Latimer, C. R., 174.
+
+Laughton, J. Scott, 233.
+
+Lawrence, James, 134.
+  John Tharp, 362.
+  Mrs. John Tharp, 362.
+  Mrs. Julia A. K., 362, 363.
+
+Leake, John G., 12, 116.
+
+Leary, Anna, 36.
+  James, 35.
+
+Lee, Mrs. Arthur, 340.
+  Fitzhugh, 383.
+  Frederick Graham, 118.
+  John, 262.
+  Mrs. John, 262.
+
+Lee, John F., 368.
+  Mrs. John F., 368.
+  Mary, 265.
+  Mary Digges, 256.
+  Robert E., 121, 126, 188, 208, 212, 213, 314, 316, 327.
+  Samuel Phillips, 368.
+  Thomas Sim, 256, 262.
+  William, 174.
+  Mr., 281.
+
+Leisler, Jacob, 131.
+
+Lemoine, Ponty, 52.
+  Mrs. Ponty, 52.
+
+L'Enfant, Pierre Charles, 205.
+
+Lenox, Robert, 49.
+
+Lente, Frederick D., 118.
+  Mrs. Frederick D., 118.
+
+Leopold I., 228.
+
+LeRoy, Caroline, 117.
+  Charlotte, 117.
+  Herman, 12.
+  Jacob R., 111, 116, 117.
+  Susan, 112.
+  Mrs. William, 186.
+
+Le Sage, Alain Ren�, 66.
+
+Leupp, Miss, 5.
+
+Le Vert, Henry S., 371.
+  Mrs. Henry S., 370, 371.
+  Octavia Walton, 370.
+
+Lewis, John Vaughan, 375.
+
+Li Hung Chang, 306.
+
+Lincoln, Abraham, 46, 208, 219, 220, 274, 342, 356, 384.
+
+Ling Kein (Mandarin), 295, 296.
+
+Lippincotts, the publishers, 335.
+
+Lipton, Thomas, 167.
+
+Lispenard, Alice, 13.
+
+Livingston, Angelica, 38.
+  Estelle, 116, 166.
+  John Swift, 111, 116, 166, 167.
+  Johnston, 167.
+  Margaret, 120.
+  Maria, 166.
+  Mary, 167.
+  Maturin, 38, 167.
+  Mrs. Maturin, 167.
+  Peter Van Brough, 187.
+  Philip, 69, 101, 142.
+  Robert Edward, 64.
+  Robert R. (Chancellor), 120.
+  Robert R. (Judge), 120.
+  Susan, 187.
+
+Lomax, Ann Corbin, 240.
+  Mann Page, 240, 241.
+  Virginia, 240.
+
+Longfellow, Henry W., 13, 244.
+
+Lord, Daniel, 137, 295.
+  Phoebe, 137.
+
+Lorillard, Jacob, 79.
+  Mrs. Jacob, 79.
+  Julia, 79.
+
+Louis XIV., 276, 389.
+
+Louis XVI., 3.
+
+Lowndes, William Jones, 279.
+
+Ludlow, Augustus C., 134.
+  Mary, 134.
+  Thomas W., 111, 117.
+
+Lumley-Savile, John, 228.
+
+Luquer, Lynch, 82.
+  Nicholas, 82.
+  Mrs. Nicholas, 82.
+
+Lynch, Adelaide, 24.
+  Anne C., 158.
+  Dominick, 53, 81, 82.
+  Mrs. Eugene H., 262.
+  Henry, 21.
+  James, 24.
+  John A., 331.
+  Mrs. John A., 331.
+  Mary, 21.
+
+Lyon, James, 24, 201.
+
+
+Macalister, Lily, 232.
+
+Macfarland, Henry B. F., 357.
+  Mrs. Henry B. F., 357.
+
+Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, 91, 92, 93.
+
+Macmaster, Anne, 111.
+
+MacNeil, Elizabeth, 64, 255.
+  Fanny, 255.
+  John, 64, 255.
+
+Macomb, Alexander, 163, 279, 363, 388.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 116.
+  Alexander S., 163, 165.
+  Mrs. Alexander S., 163-165.
+
+Macready, William C., 82.
+
+McAllister, Ward, 136, 276.
+
+McClellan, George B., 200.
+  Lucy, 7.
+
+McCorquodale, Mr., 168.
+
+McCullough, John E., 364.
+
+McDonnel, D. N., 34.
+
+McElroy, John, 332.
+  Mrs. John E., 390.
+
+McEvers, Charles, Jr., 111, 117.
+  Mary, 117, 166.
+
+McGill, John Thomas, 326.
+  Mrs. John Thomas, 326.
+
+McKay-Smith, Alexander, 374.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 374.
+
+McKee, Joseph, 53.
+
+McKim, Mr., 280.
+
+McKnight, James, 216.
+
+McLane, Allan, 358.
+  Anne, 358.
+  Mrs. John R., 364.
+
+McLeod, Mr., 233.
+  Mrs., 233, 234.
+
+McPherson, Mrs. John ("Fannie"), 328, 331, 332.
+  Robert G., 324.
+  Mrs. Robert G., 324.
+
+McTavish, Alexander S., 105.
+  Charles Carroll, 103, 104, 106.
+  Mrs. Charles Carroll, 106, 107, 194.
+  Emily, 106.
+  Mary, 106.
+  Mary Wellesley, 106.
+
+McVickar, John, 14.
+
+M'Dougall, Peter, 142.
+
+M'Gregor, John, 142.
+
+Madison, James, 47, 72, 101, 138, 219, 241, 279, 282.
+  Mrs. James ("Dolly"), 47, 178, 197, 218, 219, 324.
+
+Magruder, George A., 211.
+  Helen, 211.
+  John B., 182, 208-211.
+
+Mahan, Alfred T., 123.
+  Dennis H., 123.
+
+Maitland, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Malibran, Madame, 81.
+
+Manning, Daniel, 34.
+
+Marble, Manton, 382.
+
+Marcoleta, de, Jos�, 235.
+
+Marcy, Cornelia, 198, 266.
+  William L., 30, 138, 177, 178, 195, 198, 229, 266, 284.
+  Mrs. William L., 178, 266.
+
+Marini, Lewis G., 373, 374.
+
+Mariscal, Madame, 374.
+
+Markoe, Francis S., 218.
+
+Marlborough, Duke of, 154.
+  Duchess of, 154.
+
+Marquand, Frederick, 35.
+  Henry G., 35.
+
+Marshall, Emily, 274.
+  John, 279.
+
+Marston, Nathaniel, 131.
+  Mrs. Nathaniel, 131.
+
+Martin, Mr. (of Jamaica, N.Y.), 6.
+
+Marvel, Ik, 159.
+
+Marx, Henry Carroll, 161.
+
+Mary, Queen of Scots, 86.
+
+Mason, Betty, 212.
+  Emily Virginia, 212, 213, 257.
+  Florence, 212.
+  James M., 212.
+  John, 153, 154.
+  John M., 142.
+  John T., 212.
+  Matilda, 212.
+  Miss, of New York, 112.
+  Stevens Thompson, 212.
+  Mrs. Thomson F. ("Colross"), 212.
+
+Masters, Josiah, 64.
+
+Masters, Margaret, 64.
+
+Maulsby, William P., 328.
+  Mrs. William P., 328.
+
+Maury, Matthew F., 207-210.
+  Mrs. Matthew F., 208.
+
+Maximilian, Archduke, 208, 278, 370.
+
+Maxwell, Charles Duval, 369.
+  Hugh, 44, 265.
+
+Maynadier, William, 363.
+  Mrs. William ("Sallie"), 362, 363.
+
+Maynard, Edward, 196.
+
+Mayo, Edward, 105.
+  Mrs. Edward, 105.
+  John, 180, 181.
+  Mrs. John, 180.
+  Maria D., 180, 181.
+  Robert, 188, 189, 191, 192.
+  William Starbuck, 188.
+  Mrs. William Starbuck, 188.
+
+Meade, George G., 316.
+  Richard W., 120.
+
+Medhurst, Walter H., 293, 303.
+
+Meikleham, David Scott, 357.
+  Mrs. David Scott (Septimia Randolph), 357.
+
+Mercer, William Swann, 215.
+  Mrs. William Swan, 215.
+
+Meredith, Emma, 238, 239.
+  Jonathan, 238.
+
+Messinger, Daniel, 167, 168.
+  Mrs. Daniel, 168.
+
+Messinger, Thomas H., 167.
+
+Milledoler, Philip, 180.
+
+Miller, Charles Dudley, 150.
+  Mrs. Charles Dudley, 150.
+  Thomas, 255.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 255.
+  William Starr, 111, 117.
+
+Mills, Clark, 244.
+
+Milne, Mr., 293, 302.
+
+Mimmack, Bernard P., 359.
+  Mrs. Bernard P., 359.
+
+Minus, Hetty, 98.
+  Philippa, 98.
+
+Mitchell, Donald G., 159.
+  S. Weir, 373.
+  Samuel L., 10.
+
+Moffette, Margaret, 199.
+
+Monroe, Bettie, 265.
+  Columbus, 214.
+  Eliza, 29, 258.
+  Fannie, 114, 262.
+  James, 29, 44, 77, 101, 108, 109, 123, 142, 174, 177, 206, 213, 215,
+    256, 257, 263, 264, 267, 276, 279, 282, 285, 317, 332, 335, 357,
+    363, 366, 379, 380.
+  Mrs. James, 77, 258, 264.
+  James (nephew of President), 114.
+  Mrs. James, 111, 114.
+  Maria Hester, 256-258, 363.
+  Mr. 281.
+
+Montauban, Charles, 307.
+
+Montgomery, Richard, 120.
+  Mrs. Richard, 120.
+
+Moore, Benjamin, 10, 102, 130.
+  Clement C., 105, 130, 131.
+  Maria Theresa, 102.
+  Theresa, 105.
+  Thomas, 81.
+  William (1), 130, 185.
+  William (2), 130.
+  Mrs. William (2), 130.
+
+Mordecai, Alfred, 125.
+
+Morgan, John Hunt, 319.
+  Mr., 281.
+
+Morpeth, Lord, 146.
+
+Morris, Charles, 200, 279.
+  Charles W., 93.
+  Charlotte, 120.
+  Emily, 39.
+  Gouverneur (1), 226, 307, 380.
+
+Morris, Mrs. Gouverneur (1), 226.
+  Gouverneur (2), 165.
+  James, 120.
+  Lewis, 226.
+  Rebecca, 369.
+  Robert, 38, 313.
+  Roger, 131.
+  Mrs. Roger, 131.
+  Sarah, 52.
+  Thomas, 30, 38, 39, 93.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 39.
+  Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Mosby, John S., 319.
+
+Motley, John Lothrop, 171.
+
+Mott, Valentine, 83.
+
+Munro, John, 142.
+  Seaton, 275, 276, 373.
+
+Murray, Charles Augustus, 141.
+  Mrs. Charles Augustus, 141.
+  John (Lord Dunmore), 141.
+  Virginia, 142.
+
+Murat, Achill�, 337.
+  Madame Achill�, 337, 338, 339.
+  Joachim, 337.
+
+Muse, William S., 386.
+
+Myers, Theodorus Bailey, 392.
+
+
+Napier, Lord, 276.
+
+Napoleon I., 337, 338.
+  III., 209, 258, 278, 307, 338.
+
+Nau, Madame, 51.
+
+Neil, Robert Elkin, 367.
+  Mrs. Robert Elkin, 367.
+
+Neilson, Anthony Bleecker, 155, 168.
+  Bleecker, 155.
+  Elizabeth Coles, 168.
+  William, 155.
+
+Newcomb, Simon, 360.
+
+Newell, George, 178, 229.
+
+Nicholas I., of Russia, 78.
+
+Nicholson, Mrs. Augustus S., 258.
+
+Niemcewicz, Julian, 187.
+
+Ning Ping (a Chinese servant), 295-297.
+
+Noah, Mordecai Manasseh, 46.
+
+Norris, Basil, 363.
+  William H., 92.
+
+Norton, John Hatley, 370.
+  Mrs. John Hatley (Louisa Key), 370.
+
+Nott, Eliphalet (1), 305.
+  Eliphalet (2), 305.
+  Mrs. Eliphalet (2), 305.
+
+Nourse, Charles J. (1), 118, 271.
+  Charles J. (2), 271.
+  Charles Josephus, 369.
+  Mrs. Charles Josephus, 369.
+
+
+O'Brien, Lucius, 121, 122.
+
+O'Conor, Charles, 52, 59, 60, 83, 92, 153, 334.
+
+O'Donnell, Charles Oliver, 314.
+  Mrs. Charles Oliver, 314.
+  Columbus, 314.
+
+O'Neal, Peggy, 359.
+
+O'Neill, Ellen Elizabeth, 218.
+  Rose, 218.
+
+O'Sullivan, John L., 48.
+
+Ogilvie, John, 131.
+  Mrs. John, 131.
+
+Olcott, Mrs. J. Van Vechten, 269.
+
+Oliver, Emily, 102.
+  Robert Shaw, 367.
+  Mrs. Robert Shaw, 367.
+
+"Olyphant and Company," 155, 292.
+
+Olyphant, Robert Morrison, 292.
+  Mrs. Robert Morrison, 292.
+
+Onderdonk, Benjamin T., 371.
+  Henry M., 371.
+  Mrs. Henry M., 371.
+  Justine Bibby, 371.
+
+Opie, Mrs. Amelia, 66.
+
+Orleans, Duke of, 39.
+
+Ossoli, Giovanni Angelo, 158.
+  The Marchionesse, 158.
+
+Otis, Harrison Gray, 111, 274, 279.
+  Mrs. Harrison Gray, 274.
+  James W., 60, 111.
+  Miss, of New York, 112.
+  Sally, 60, 111.
+
+Owen, John, 2.
+  Sarah, 2.
+
+
+Paganini, Nicolo, 196.
+
+Paine, "Dolly," 219.
+  Frederick H., 386.
+  Thomas, 379, 380.
+  Todd, 219.
+
+Palmer, Aulick, 387.
+  Frances Hailes, 188.
+  Innis N., 121.
+
+Palmer, James S., 266.
+
+Palmerston, Lord, 227.
+
+Paris, de, Comte, 25.
+
+Parker, Mrs. Charles Maverick, 155.
+  Theodore, 158.
+
+Parmly, Eleazer, 28.
+
+Parrott, Robert P., 119, 125-127.
+  Mrs. Robert P., 119, 124, 126, 268.
+
+Parsons, William H., 309.
+  Mrs. William H., 309.
+
+Partington, Ike, 277.
+  Mrs., 277.
+
+Patterson, Carlisle P., 204.
+  Mrs. Carlisle P., 204, 214.
+  Daniel T., 207.
+  Miss, 374.
+
+Patton, John B., 220.
+  Mrs. John B., 220.
+
+Paulding, James K., 119, 129.
+
+Pauline, Princess, 338.
+
+Payne, Thatcher T., 53.
+
+Peabody, Andrew P., 171.
+  Elizabeth P., 158.
+
+Pearson, Anna, 214.
+  Eliza, 204.
+  Joseph, 204.
+  Josephine, 204, 214.
+
+Pegram, George Herbert, 183.
+
+Pelikao, de, Comte, 307.
+
+Pemberton, Mr., 290.
+
+Pendleton, Edmund, 111.
+  Mrs. Edmund, 266.
+  Edward, 238.
+  Mrs. Edward, 238.
+  John, 185, 186.
+
+Penniman, James F., 36.
+
+Pennington, Mary, 96.
+  William, 96.
+
+Perkins, Hamilton, 373.
+
+Perry, Augustus, 175.
+  Caroline Slidell, 95, 165.
+  Matthew C., 95.
+  Mrs. Matthew C., 95.
+  Sarah, 165.
+  Thomas, 175.
+
+Pettigru, James L., 98.
+  Mrs. James L., 98.
+
+Phelps, Seth Ledyard, 376.
+
+Philip, Mrs. William Henry, 389.
+
+Philippe, Louis, 39, 51, 78, 83.
+
+Philips, Frederick, 130, 131.
+  Mary, 130.
+
+Philipse, Adolphus, 131.
+  Catharine Wadsworth, 131.
+  Frederick, 130, 131, 268, 269.
+  Mrs. Frederick, 131.
+  Margaret, 131.
+  Margaret Gouverneur, 131.
+  Mary, 131.
+  Philip, 131.
+  Mrs. Philip, 131.
+
+Phillips, Elizabeth, 389.
+  Philip, 221.
+  Mrs. Philip, 221, 222.
+  Wendell, 99, 171, 172, 251.
+
+Phoenix, John, 282.
+
+Picken, Andrew, 8, 9.
+  Mrs. Andrew, 9.
+
+Pickering, Timothy, 57.
+
+Picot, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Pierce, Franklin, 102, 103, 171, 195, 227, 251, 252, 255, 286.
+  Mrs. Franklin, 255.
+  Martha, 63.
+  Sarah, 4.
+  The Misses, 280, 282.
+
+Pierpont, John, 377.
+
+Pierrepont, Edwards, 342.
+
+Pike, Albert, 371.
+
+Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 100.
+  Thomas, 100.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 100.
+
+Pise, Charles Constantine, 88, 89.
+
+Pleasanton, Mr., 281.
+
+Poe, Edgar Allan, 14, 64.
+
+Poinsett, Joel Roberts, 100.
+  Mrs. Joel Roberts, 100.
+
+Polk, James K., 138, 171, 177, 182, 195, 372.
+  Mrs. James K., 182.
+
+Poore, Ben Perley, 272, 276.
+
+Pope, Alexander, 80.
+
+Porter, Andrew, 220.
+  Mrs. Andrew, 220.
+  David, 259, 279.
+  David D., 174, 207, 259.
+  John K., 390.
+
+Post, Catharine Wadsworth, 131.
+
+Potter, Chandler E., 255.
+  Mrs. Chandler E., 255.
+
+Potts, George, 328.
+  Richard M., 328.
+
+Powell, Thomas, 134.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 134.
+
+Powers, Hiram, 197.
+
+Preston, Wickliffe, 370.
+
+Price, Cicero, 154.
+  Lilly Warren, 154.
+  Stephen, 81, 82, 95.
+
+Proctor, Redfield, 355.
+
+"Purden and Company," 290.
+
+Pyne, Smith, 195, 196, 265.
+
+
+Raasloff, Waldemar Rudolph, 235, 248.
+
+Racine, Jean, 29.
+
+Rainsford, Mr., 185.
+
+Ramsay, Francis M., 282.
+  George Douglas, 214, 231, 235, 236, 281, 282.
+  Mrs. George Douglas, 214.
+
+Randall, Thomas, 339.
+
+Randolph, Anne Cary, 226.
+  Thomas Jefferson, 352.
+  Thomas Mann, 357.
+  Mrs. Thomas Mann, 357.
+
+Rantoul, Robert, 245.
+
+Rathbone, Julia, 367.
+
+Ray, Cornelia, 105.
+  Robert, 105.
+  Mrs. Robert, 105.
+
+Raymond, Henry J., 46.
+
+Read, George, 183.
+  John Meredith, 183.
+
+Redfern, Joseph, 176.
+
+Reid, George C., 386.
+  Whitelaw, 352.
+
+Relf, Richard, 58.
+
+Remington, Mrs. Thomas Pym, 186.
+
+Renwick, James, 14, 15, 21.
+  Mrs. James, 21.
+  Jane Jeffrey, 21.
+  William, 112, 142.
+
+Reynolds, Joshua, 80.
+
+Rhett, Charles H., 212.
+  Mrs. Charles H., 212.
+  Thomas G., 212.
+  Mrs. Thomas G., 212.
+
+Richardson, Samuel, 66.
+  William, 326, 327.
+  William A., 361, 365.
+  Mrs. William A., 361, 365.
+
+Richie, Lady, 129.
+
+Ricketts, Mrs. Frances Lawrence, 361-363.
+
+Ricketts, James B., 361.
+
+Riggs, George W., 353.
+
+Ringgold, Tench, 215.
+
+Ripley, George, 158.
+
+Ritchie, John, 326, 328.
+  Mrs. John, 326, 328.
+  Thomas, 171.
+
+Rives, William C., 38.
+  Mrs. William C., 38.
+
+Robertson, Beverly H., 319.
+
+Robeson, George M., 232, 361.
+  Mrs. George M., 361, 374.
+
+Robespierre, M. M. I., 380.
+
+Robinson, Douglas, 114, 262.
+  Mrs. Douglas, 262.
+
+Rochambeau, de, Count, 371.
+
+Roche, Regina M., 67.
+
+Rockwell, Almon F., 355.
+  Mrs. Almon F., 355.
+
+Rodgers, C. R. P., 95.
+  Mrs. C. R. P., 95.
+  John, 279.
+  Robert S., 165.
+  Mrs. Robert S., 165.
+
+Rodney, George B., 1.
+
+Roe, Emily Maria, 133.
+  Francis A., 346, 392.
+  Mrs. Francis A., 392.
+  Mary Elizabeth, 133.
+  Thomas Hazard, 133.
+  William, 132.
+  Mrs. William, 132.
+
+Rogers, John Leverett, 64.
+  Mrs. John Leverett, 64, 185.
+
+Roothan, John, 61.
+
+Ross, Fanny McPherson, 332.
+  Mrs. Worthington, 328, 332.
+
+Roulet, Mr., of New York, 52.
+
+Ruggles, Samuel B., 65, 144.
+
+Rumpff, Vincent, 75.
+  The Countess, 75.
+
+Rush, Benjamin, 279.
+
+"Russell and Company," 302.
+
+Russell, Ida, 266, 267.
+
+Ruturfurde (Rutherford), Walter, 142.
+
+
+Sairs, Mrs. Deborah, 96.
+
+Salles, Laurent, 118, 282.
+  Louise Stephanie, 118.
+
+Sandidge, John M., 277.
+
+Sands, Robert C., 45.
+
+Sanford, Henry, 244.
+
+Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez, 200, 201.
+  Madame Antonio Lopez, 374.
+
+Saracco, Pierro, 135.
+
+Sartiges, de, Eug�ne, 223, 224, 229.
+  The Comtesse, 229.
+
+Sartoris, Algernon, 356.
+
+Savage, John, 273.
+  Joseph, 176.
+
+Savile, Baron, 228.
+
+Savile-Lumley, John, 228.
+
+Sayre, Mrs. Isaac, 37.
+
+Scarborough, Earl of, 228.
+
+Scarlett, James York MacGregor, 211.
+
+Schenck, James F., 301, 303.
+
+Schenley, Edward W. H., 233, 234.
+
+Schermerhorn, Abraham, 111.
+
+Schley, Fairfax, 328.
+  Mrs. Fairfax, 328.
+  Winfield Scott, 391, 392.
+
+Schmidt, John William, 78.
+  Mrs. John William, 78.
+  Julia, 78.
+
+Schomberg, Emily, 286.
+
+Schroeder, Francis, 275.
+  Mrs. Francis, 275.
+  Seaton, 275.
+
+Schurz, Carl, 352.
+
+Schuyler, Mrs. Eugene, 46.
+  Philip, 117.
+
+Scott, Adeline Camilla, 186, 196.
+  Cornelia, 104, 180, 183, 184, 187, 194, 212.
+  Henry Lee, 105, 183, 194.
+  Mrs. Henry Lee, 194.
+  Marcella ("Ella"), 103, 104, 194.
+  Robert N., 357.
+  Mrs. Robert N., 357.
+  Virginia, 61-63, 106.
+  Walter, 80, 176, 357, 363.
+  Winfield, 61, 62, 103-105, 114, 122-124, 126, 134, 180, 181, 184,
+    186-188, 193-203, 205, 211, 238, 256, 265, 279, 286, 329, 349, 363.
+  Mrs. Winfield, 103, 105-107, 114, 160, 170, 180-184, 187, 188, 193,
+    194, 197, 201, 211.
+
+Scoville, George M., 390.
+
+Seabury, Samuel, 60.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 60.
+
+Seaton, Caroline, 275.
+  Gales, 275.
+  William Winston, 275.
+  Mrs. William Winston, 259.
+
+Sedgwick, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Selkirk, Alexander, 66.
+
+Semmes, J. Harrison, 176.
+
+Seth, Margaret Chatham, 119, 271.
+
+Sevign�, de, Madame, 179.
+
+Seward, Olive Risley, 376.
+  William H., 12, 174, 247, 248, 272.
+
+Seymour, Charles, 17.
+  Horatio, 149, 361.
+
+Shakespeare, William, 19, 71, 84.
+
+Sharp, Alexander (1), 355, 356.
+  Mrs. Alexander (1), 355, 356.
+  Alexander (2), 355.
+
+Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 65.
+
+Shelton, Helen K., 82.
+
+Shepherd, Alexander R., 353, 354.
+
+Sherman, William T., 313, 335, 350.
+
+Shiff, Eugene, 156.
+
+Shillaber, Benjamin P., 277.
+
+Shriver, Edward, 314.
+
+Shubrick, William B., 372.
+  Mrs. William B., 372.
+
+Shuster, William M., 175.
+
+Sinclair, John, 83.
+
+Skidmore, Lemuel, 23.
+  Martha, 23.
+
+Slidell, Jane, 95.
+  John (1), 58, 94, 95.
+  John (2), 91, 93-95.
+  Julia, 95.
+
+"Slidell, John, Jr., and Company," 95.
+
+Sloane, Samuel, 303.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 303.
+  William, 302, 303.
+
+Small, Elisha, 91.
+
+Smith, Augustine, 185.
+  Captain, 288, 291.
+  Edmund Hamilton, 375.
+  Mrs. Edmund Hamilton, 375.
+  Elizabeth, 150.
+  Gerrit, 150.
+  Mrs. Gerrit, 150.
+  Mrs. Hamilton, 370.
+  Mrs. Henrietta, 56.
+  Mrs. Henry William, 134.
+  James C., 375.
+  Mrs. Nathaniel, 146.
+
+Snead, Augustine, 385, 386.
+  Mrs. Fayette, 386.
+
+Somerville, William C., 182.
+
+Southard, Samuel L., 44, 279.
+  Virginia E., 44.
+
+Spaulding, James Reed, 46.
+
+Speed, James, 343-345, 347, 348.
+
+Spencer, John C., 91, 92.
+  Philip, 91, 92, 93.
+
+Spinner, Francis E., 218.
+
+Sprigg, Samuel, 215.
+
+Stanard, Robert Craig, 63.
+  Mrs. Robert Craig, 63, 64, 346.
+
+Stark, John, 74.
+
+Starkey, Thomas Alfred, 367.
+  Mrs. Thomas Alfred, 367.
+
+Stephens, Alexander H., 222, 223.
+
+Steptoe, Ann, 324.
+
+Steuart, Adam Duncan, 164.
+  Mrs. Adam Duncan, 163, 164.
+
+Steuben, Frederick William, 94.
+
+Stevens, John Austin, 146.
+  Mrs. John Austin, 146.
+  John C., 166, 167.
+  Mrs. John C., 166.
+  Lucretia Ledyard, 146.
+
+Stewart, Alexander T., 35.
+  Campbell F., 180.
+  Charles, 279.
+  Lispenard, 118.
+  Mrs. Lispenard, 118.
+  William M., 388.
+  Mrs. William M., 388.
+
+St. Memin, de, Comtesse, 51.
+
+Stockton, Francis B., 216.
+  Mrs. Francis B., 216.
+  Robert F., 373.
+
+Story, Joseph, 279.
+
+Stout, Edward C., 169.
+  Jacob, 75.
+  Julia, 169.
+  Minnie, 169.
+
+Strauss, Johann, 167.
+
+Strong, George W., 153.
+  Henry, 378.
+  William, 368.
+
+Strother, Sally, 242, 243, 265.
+
+Stuart, Alexander, 37.
+  David, 236.
+  Gilbert, 131.
+  James, 142.
+  Robert L., 37.
+  Virginia, 374.
+
+"Stuart, R. L. and A.," 37.
+
+Stubs, Alfred, 87.
+
+Stuyvesant, Helen, 188.
+  Nicholas William, 188.
+  Peter G., 188.
+
+Sullivan, George, 282.
+  Mrs. George, 280, 282.
+  James, 282.
+
+Sultan of Zanzibar, 304.
+
+Sumner, Charles, 178, 198, 241-244, 246, 247, 265.
+  George, 245.
+  Horace, 158.
+
+Surratt, Anna, 348.
+  Mrs. Mary E., 342-344, 348.
+
+Suydam, Hendrick, 3.
+
+Swearingen, Mrs. Sarah Henderson, 385.
+
+Swift, Dean, 80.
+
+Syng, William F., 214.
+  Mrs. William F., 214.
+
+
+Taglioni, Maria, 86.
+
+Tallmadge, Frederick S., 144.
+  Mrs. Frederick S., 144.
+  James, 78.
+  Mary, 78.
+
+Taney, Roger B., 218, 333, 334.
+
+Tardy, l'Abb�, 9.
+
+Target, F., 381.
+
+Tasistro, Louis Fitzgerald, 24, 25, 26.
+  Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, 24.
+
+Tayloe, Anne, 236.
+  Benjamin Ogle, 235, 281, 282.
+  Mrs. Benjamin Ogle, 47.
+  John, 235.
+  Virginia, 236.
+
+Taylor, Franck, 176.
+  Henry C., 176.
+  Zachary, 122, 152, 233.
+
+Tellkampf, John Louis, 17.
+
+Tenney, William I., 35.
+
+Thackeray, Anne Isabella, 129.
+  William M., 64, 128, 129, 245.
+
+Thayer, John E., 139.
+  Mrs. John E., 139.
+
+Thomas, George H., 216.
+  Mrs. George H., 216.
+  Mr., 281.
+  Philip F., 315-317.
+
+Thomson, Alexander, 142.
+
+Thompson, Smith, 279, 332.
+
+Thorburn, Grant, 19.
+
+Thorndike, Anna, 229.
+
+Thorne, Herman, 78.
+  Mrs. Herman, 78.
+
+Thornton, Edward, 374.
+  Lady Edward, 374.
+  Jane Washington Augusta, 387.
+  John, 387.
+  William, 236.
+
+Tilden, Samuel J., 178, 382.
+
+Tillary, James, 142.
+
+Tillotson, Robert Livingston, 120, 267.
+  Thomas, 120.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 120.
+
+Timberlake, John B., 359.
+  Mrs. John B., 296, 297.
+
+Ting Ting (Chinese cook), 296, 297.
+
+Tittmann, Otto H., 387.
+  Mrs. Otto H., 387.
+
+Tocqueville, de, Alexis, 245.
+
+Todd, Laurie, 20.
+
+Toler, Hugh A., 96.
+  Mrs. Hugh A., 96.
+
+Tothammer, Gubriel, 48.
+
+Toutant, Elodie, 54, 58.
+
+Tracy, Benjamin F., 274.
+
+Trail, Charles E., 328.
+  Mrs. Charles E., 328, 341.
+
+Travers, William R., 137.
+
+Trist, Nicholas P., 359.
+
+Trumbull, Lyman, 352.
+
+Tuckerman, Bayard, 34.
+  Mrs. Lucius, 4.
+
+Tupper, Martin Farquhar, 146.
+
+Turnbull, George, 142.
+  William, 195, 214.
+  Mrs. William, 214.
+
+Turner, Thomas, 186, 188.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 188.
+
+Tuyll, de, Theodore, 279.
+
+Twain, Mark, 392.
+
+Tyler, Elizabeth, 260.
+  John, 91, 94, 252-254, 260.
+  Robert, 94.
+  Mrs. Robert, 94.
+
+Tyng, Stephen H. (1), 87.
+  Stephen H. (2), 87.
+
+
+Ulrich, Mrs. Hannah, 176, 231.
+
+Upshur, John H., 265.
+  Mrs. John H., 265.
+
+
+Van Amringe, John Howard, 185.
+
+Van Buren, Abraham, 189.
+  Anna Vander Poel, 84.
+  John, 32, 33, 83, 84, 192.
+  Martin, 30-32, 69, 70, 100, 119, 124, 130, 161, 165, 188, 189, 192,
+    193, 251, 268, 282, 382, 390.
+  Smith, 192.
+
+Van Cortlandt, Augustus, 267.
+  Mrs. Augustus, 267.
+
+Van Hoesen, George M., 18.
+
+Van Rensselaer, Frank, 185.
+  Mrs. John King, 15, 132.
+  Philip S., 78.
+  Mrs. Philip S., 78.
+
+Van Karnabeek, A. P. C., 232.
+
+Van Ness, John P., 224.
+
+Vail, Aaron, 281, 282.
+  David M., 269.
+  Eleanor Louisa, 269.
+  Eugene, 281, 282.
+  Mrs. Eugene, 282.
+
+Vance, Mrs. Zebulon B., 347.
+
+Vanden Heuvel, Mrs. Charles, 313.
+  John C., 22, 36.
+  Justine, 36.
+  Susan Annette, 21, 36.
+
+Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 110.
+
+Vandeventer, Mr., 280.
+
+Vandyke, Anthony, 268.
+
+Varela, Felix, 89.
+
+Vermilye, Thomas E., 180.
+
+Vernon, Anna O., 292.
+  The Misses, 335.
+
+Verplanck, Mrs. David Johnstone, 270.
+  Gulian C., 30, 44, 45.
+  Louisa Verplanck, 271.
+
+Verren, Antoine, 90.
+
+Vertner, Rosa, 370.
+
+Victoria, Queen, 83, 84, 117, 139, 140.
+
+Villars, Marechal, 325.
+
+Vincent, Thomas N., 387.
+
+Vinton, Samuel Finley, 377.
+
+Vivans, Louis, 175.
+
+Voltaire, Fran�ois M. A., 65.
+
+
+Waddell, James J., 303, 304.
+
+Waddington, Madam Kate King, 46.
+
+Wadsworth, Elizabeth, 141.
+  James, 141.
+  James S., 141.
+
+Wainwright, Henrietta, 214.
+  Richard, 214.
+  Robert D., 214.
+  Mrs. Robert D., 214.
+
+Walbach, John DeBarth, 304.
+  John J. B., 304.
+
+Walker, George, 67.
+
+Wallace, Susan, 183, 184.
+
+Wallis, Severn Teackle, 315.
+
+Walton, George (1), 371.
+  George (2), 371.
+  Octavia, 371.
+
+Ward, Artemus, 151, 282.
+  Elijah, 374.
+  Mrs. Elijah, 374.
+  Samuel, 53.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 53.
+
+Warfield, Miss, 374.
+
+Warner, Charles Dudley, 160.
+
+Warrington, Lewis, 279.
+
+Washington, Anna Louisa, 387.
+  Bushrod, 279.
+  George, 57, 74, 76, 131, 146, 147, 152, 162, 198, 236, 243, 267, 324,
+    332, 337, 370, 377, 379, 380, 387.
+  Littleton Quinton, 287.
+  Lund, 286.
+  Milicent, 324.
+  Peter Grayson, 266, 286, 287.
+  Samuel, 324.
+
+Watson, Andrew J., 169.
+
+Watts, Elizabeth, 164.
+  Essex, 165.
+  John, 12, 116, 163, 164.
+  Mary Justina, 164.
+  Ridley, 165.
+  Robert, 116, 164.
+  Susanna, 164.
+
+Wayne, Henry C., 214.
+  Mrs. Henry C., 214.
+  James M., 214.
+
+Webb, Catharine Louisa, 46.
+  James Watson, 36, 46.
+
+Webb, William Seward, 46.
+
+Webster, Daniel, 36, 117, 241, 245, 247, 279, 281.
+
+Weir, Robert S., 324.
+  Mrs. Robert S., 324.
+  Robert W., 123, 126.
+
+Weller, George J., 308.
+  Sam, 100.
+
+Wellesley, Marquis of, 106.
+  Marchionesse of, 106.
+
+Wellington, Duke of, 64, 194.
+
+West, Mary, 235.
+
+Wetmore, Prosper M., 257.
+
+Wheatley, Emma, 153.
+
+White, Augusta, 267.
+  Joseph M., 56.
+
+Whitten, Miss, of New York, 112.
+
+Whittier, John G., 125, 245, 327.
+
+Wickliffe, Margaret Anderson, 342.
+
+Wight, Ann G., 224.
+
+Wikoff, Chevalier Henry, 85.
+
+Wilcox, John A., 358.
+  Mrs. John A., 358, 359.
+  Mrs. Mary Donelson, 358.
+
+Wilde, Oscar, 358.
+
+Wilkes, Charles, 21, 91.
+  Mrs. Charles, 21.
+
+Wilkins, Gouverneur, 226.
+  Martin, 112.
+
+Wilks, Mrs. Matthew, 74.
+
+Willard, Caleb, 176.
+
+William, King of Prussia, 231.
+
+Williams, Eleazer, 250.
+  Robert, 220.
+  Mrs. Robert, 220.
+  S. Wells, 288.
+  Thomas, 105.
+  Mrs. William Wilberforce, 367.
+
+Willing, Mrs. Thomas M., 97.
+
+Willis, N. P., 159-161, 337, 356.
+  Mrs. N. P., 160.
+
+Williston, Ralph, 74.
+
+Wilson, George T., 15, 132.
+  Mrs. George T., 15, 132.
+  William, 217.
+
+Winans, Beatrice, 231.
+  Ross, 231.
+
+Winthrop, Henry R., 72.
+  Mrs. Henry R., 60, 72.
+  Mrs. John Still, 73, 145, 146, 335, 336.
+  John S., Jr., 146.
+  Robert C., 99, 139.
+  Mrs. Robert C., 99, 139, 141.
+  Sarah Bowdoin, 282.
+
+Wirt, William, 279.
+
+Wise, Henry A., 109.
+
+Wolcott, Oliver (1), 147.
+  Oliver (2), 4, 147, 313, 379.
+
+Wolfe, Udolpho, 109.
+
+Wood, Nina, 233.
+  Silas, 64.
+  Virginia Beverly, 64, 185.
+
+Woodhull, Maxwell, 214.
+  Mrs. Maxwell, 214.
+
+Worthington, Mrs. Charles, 224.
+  Eliza, 389.
+  Mrs. John Griffith, 389.
+
+Wright, Edward, 266.
+  Katharine Maria, 213, 266.
+  Silas, 349.
+  William, 213.
+
+Wyndham, Earl of, 9.
+
+
+Xavier, Francis, 297.
+
+
+Young, Notley, 236.
+
+Yturbide, de, Madame Alice, 370.
+  de, Angelo, 370.
+  de, Augustine, 370.
+
+
+Zeilin, Jacob, 386.
+  Miss, 374.
+  William F., 386.
+
+  +--------------------------------------------------------------+
+  | Transcriber's Notes                                          |
+  |                                                              |
+  | Page 7: Comberland amended to Cumberland                     |
+  | Page 11: distingushed amended to distinguished; Semminaries  |
+  | _sic_                                                        |
+  | Page 29: Hayti _sic_                                         |
+  | Page 52: Berault amended to B�rault                          |
+  | Page 53: Venitian _sic_                                      |
+  | Page 75: Tuilleries amended to Tuileries                     |
+  | Page 76: racoon _sic_                                        |
+  | Page 80: "home Gouverneur Kemble" _sic_                      |
+  | Page 93: dintinguished amended to distinguished              |
+  | Page 123: eariler amended to earlier                         |
+  | Page 129: editon amended to edition                          |
+  | Page 155: strongely amended to strongly                      |
+  | Page 157: unsually amended to unusually; it amended to its   |
+  | ("Brook Farm had its origin....")                            |
+  | Page 185: Angustine amended to Augustine                     |
+  | Page 186: Bucknor's _sic_                                    |
+  | Page 227: Palmerson amended to Palmerston                    |
+  | Page 229: Goeffrey Boilleau amended to Geoffrey Boilleau     |
+  | Page 240: Fort Sumpter _sic_                                 |
+  | Page 244: Belguim amended to Belgium                         |
+  | Page 323: comanding amended to commanding                    |
+  | Page 372: Audenried amended to Audenreid                     |
+  | Page 380: af amended to of ("spirit of acrimony")            |
+  | Page 384: intercouse amended to intercourse                  |
+  | Page 395: Alfonzo amended to Alfonso                         |
+  | Page 396: Beaujoir amended to Beaujour; Giuseppi amended to  |
+  | Giuseppe                                                     |
+  | Page 398: Index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian T. Coffey      |
+  | removed and replaced by index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian  |
+  | J. Coffey.                                                   |
+  | Page 399: Daponte amended to Da Ponte                        |
+  | Page 405: Everiste amended to Evariste; Kantzou amended to   |
+  | Kantzow                                                      |
+  | Page 408: Marquard amended to Marquand; Isaiah Masten        |
+  | amended to Josiah Masters                                    |
+  | Page 409: Lathrop amended to Lothrop                         |
+  | Page 410: Palmerson amended to Palmerston                    |
+  | Page 414: Thackaray amended to Thackeray                     |
+  | Page 415: Louis Vavans (p. 175) has been indexed as Louis    |
+  | Vivans.                                                      |
+  |                                                              |
+  | Hyphenation has generally been standardized. However, when a |
+  | word appears hyphenated and unhyphenated an equal number of  |
+  | times, both versions have been retained (churchyard/         |
+  | church-yard; earrings/ear-rings; housewarming/house-warming; |
+  | lifelong/life-long; midday/mid-day; stateroom/state-room;    |
+  | transcontinental/trans-continental; warships/war-ships).     |
+  |                                                              |
+  | Accented letters have generally been standardized, unless    |
+  | different versions of the word appear an equal number of     |
+  | times (cortege/cort�ge; resistance/r�sistance).              |
+  +--------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS I REMEMBER ***
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur.
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: As I Remember
+       Recollections of American Society during the Nineteenth Century
+
+Author: Marian Gouverneur
+
+Release Date: March 22, 2009 [EBook #28384]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS I REMEMBER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class='transnote'>
+<h3>Transcriber's Note</h3>
+
+<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in
+this text. For a complete list, please see <a href="#transnotes">the bottom of
+this document</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;">
+<a href="images/img01.jpg"><img src="images/img01th.jpg" width="245" height="400" alt="" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+<h1>AS I REMEMBER</h1>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 277px;"><a name="frontis" id="frontis"></a>
+<a href="images/img02.jpg"><img src="images/img02th.jpg" width="277" height="400" alt="Mrs. Gouverneur." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Mrs. Gouverneur.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h1>AS I REMEMBER</h1>
+
+<h2><i>Recollections of American Society<br />
+during the Nineteenth Century</i></h2>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>MARIAN GOUVERNEUR</h2>
+
+<h3><span class='smcap'>illustrated</span></h3>
+
+<p class='center'>
+NEW YORK AND LONDON<br />
+D. APPLETON AND COMPANY<br />
+1911</p>
+
+
+<p class='margintop'><span class="smcap">Copyright, 1911, by</span><br />
+D. APPLETON AND COMPANY</p>
+
+<p class='margintop'>Printed in the United States of America</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class='margintop2'><span class='smcap'>to the memory of</span></p>
+
+<p class='center'>MY FATHER</p>
+
+<h3>Judge James Campbell</h3>
+
+<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>whose benign influence i still feel</span></p>
+
+<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>and to</span></p>
+
+<p class='center'>MY HUSBAND</p>
+
+<h3>Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr.</h3>
+
+<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>the companion and pillar of strength<br />
+of my later years</span></p>
+
+<p class='marginbottom'>THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Preface" id="Preface"></a>PREFACE</h2>
+
+
+<p>The rambling personal notes threaded together in these
+pages were written at the urgent request of my family,
+and have provided a pleasant diversion during otherwise
+lonely hours. The idea of their publication was highly distasteful
+to me until the often repeated importunities of
+many of those whose judgment commands my respect persuaded
+me that some of the facts and incidents I have
+recalled would prove of interest to a large circle of readers.
+The narrative is concerned with persons and events that
+have interested me during the busy hours of a lengthy life.
+I have been deeply impressed by the changes wrought by
+time in the modes of education, which are now so much at
+variance with those of my childhood, and in the manners
+and customs of those with whom I have mingled.</p>
+
+<p>I should be guilty of an act of grave injustice if I
+failed to express my grateful acknowledgments for the aid
+so unselfishly rendered, in a score of ways, by my daughter,
+Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, without which these pages
+would not, and could not, have been written.</p>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">M. Gouverneur.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="TOC">
+<tr><td align='right'><span class='smcap'>chapter</span></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'><span class='smcap'>page</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>I.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Early Long Island Days</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>II.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">New York and Some New Yorkers</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>III.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">School-days and Early Friends</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Life and Experiences in the Metropolis</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>V.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Long Branch, Newport and Elsewhere</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>VI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Some Distinguished Acquaintances</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>VII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Fashion and Letters</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>VIII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Washington in the Forties</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_170">170</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>IX.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Social Leaders in Washington Life</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>X.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Diplomatic Corps and Other Celebrities</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_229">229</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>XI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Marriage and Continued Life in Washington</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_256">256</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>XII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Sojourn in China and Return</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_288">288</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>XIII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">The Civil War and Life in Maryland</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>XIV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Visit to the Far South and Return to Washington</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_335">335</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>XV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">To the Present Day</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_365">365</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="LOI">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'><span class='smcap'>page</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Gouverneur</td><td align='right'><i><a href="#frontis">Frontispiece</a></i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior</td><td align='right'><a href="#img3">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. John Still Winthrop, <i>n&eacute;e</i> Armistead, by Sully</td><td align='right'><a href="#img4">146</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Charles Eames, <i>n&eacute;e</i> Campbell, by Gambadella</td><td align='right'><a href="#img5">178</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham</td><td align='right'><a href="#img6">202</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. James Munroe, <i>n&eacute;e</i> Kortright, by Benjamin West</td><td align='right'><a href="#img7">258</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Miniature of James Monroe, painted in Paris in 1794 by Sem&eacute;</td><td align='right'><a href="#img8">284</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Gouverneur's three daughters, Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson</td><td align='right'><a href="#img9">310</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+<h2>AS I REMEMBER</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CHAPTER I</h2>
+
+<h3>EARLY LONG ISLAND DAYS</h3>
+
+
+<p>I do not know of a spot where, had I been accorded the
+selection, I should have preferred first to see the light
+of day, nor one more in keeping with the promptings
+of sentiment, than the southern shore of Long Island,
+N.Y., where I was born. My home was in Queens
+County, on the old Rockaway Road, and often in childhood
+during storms at sea I have heard the waves dash
+upon the Rockaway beach. Two miles the other side of
+us was the village of Jamaica, and from our windows we
+caught glimpses of the bay that bore its name. My first
+home was a large old-fashioned house on a farm of many
+acres, ornamented by Lombardy poplars which stood on
+each side of the driveway, a fashion introduced into this
+country by Lafayette. My maternal grandfather, Captain
+John Hazard, who had commanded a privateersman
+during the Revolution, purchased the place from "Citizen"
+Edmond Charles Genet, the first Minister of France
+to the United States, and I have the old parchment deed
+of transfer still in my possession. During the War of
+the Revolution my Grandfather Hazard's ship was captured
+by Admiral George B. Rodney, and I have often
+heard my mother tell the story she received from his lips,
+to the effect that after he was "comfortably housed in
+irons" on Rodney's ship he overheard a conversation in
+which his name was frequently mentioned. The subject<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span>
+under discussion was the form of punishment he deserved,
+and the cheerful remark reached his ear: "Hang the
+damned rebel." This incident made an indelible impression
+upon my mother's memory, which was emphasized
+by the fact that her father bore the scars of those
+irons to the day of his death.</p>
+
+<p>I have no recollection of my Grandfather Hazard, as
+he died soon after my birth. Jonathan Hazard, his
+brother, espoused the English cause during the Revolution.
+This was possibly due to the influences of an English
+mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Owen, of Shropshire.
+I have heard my mother say that her grandmother
+was a descendant of Dr. John Owen, Chaplain of Oliver
+Cromwell. A piece of silver bearing the Owen coat of
+arms is still in the possession of a member of my family.
+He entered the British navy, changed his name to
+Carr, and soon rose to the rank of Post-Captain. He
+eventually drifted back to America and died unmarried
+at my grandfather's home on Long Island many years
+after the war. The trite saying that history repeats itself
+is here forcibly illustrated by brother fighting
+against brother. It brings to mind our own fraternal
+troubles during the Civil War, which can never be effaced
+from memory.</p>
+
+<p>Much of the furniture of my first home was purchased
+from Citizen Genet when my grandfather took possession
+of the house and farm. We understood that the French
+minister brought it with him from France, and many of
+the pieces, some of which are mahogany, are still in my
+possession. A bedstead which I still occupy has been
+said to be the first of its design brought from France to
+this country. Hanging in my bedroom is a set of engravings
+entitled "Diligence and Dissipation," after Hogarth,
+and also a handsome old print of the Savior in
+the Pharisee's House, all of which were purchased at the
+same time. Two alabaster ornaments are memories of my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>
+earliest childhood, one of which was a column casting a
+shadow that formed a likeness of Louis XVI.</p>
+
+<p>My Grandfather Hazard had many slaves, and I remember
+hearing of one of them who ran away and took with
+him a carriage and pair of horses, and, who, when called
+to account for the act, threatened my grandfather's
+life. My mother, although suffering from a severe indisposition,
+ran out of the house for succor. The slave was
+taken into custody, and was eventually sent South and
+sold. Some of the other slaves I well remember. Among
+them was a very old couple with numerous progeny who
+lived not far from us in a hut in the woods on the Hazard
+estate. In subsequent years I heard my mother remark,
+upon the occasion of a marriage in the family connection,
+that when "Cuff" and "Sary" were married her father
+gave the clergyman five dollars for his services. Cuff was
+an old-fashioned, festive negro born in this country, and
+with the firm belief that existence was bestowed upon him
+solely for his own enjoyment. He possessed a genius for
+discovering holidays, and added many to the calendar that
+were new to most of us. For example, sometimes when
+he was given a task to accomplish, he would announce
+that he could not work upon that day as it was "Paas
+Monday," or "Paas Tuesday," and so on, continuing as
+the case required, through the week. He had supreme
+contempt for what he called "Guinea niggers," a term
+he applied to those of his race who came directly from
+Africa, in contradistinction to those who had been born
+in this country. One of Cuff's predecessors in the Hazard
+family was named Ben, and I have the original deed
+of his purchase from Hendrick Suydam, dated April 28th,
+1807. The price paid was two hundred dollars.</p>
+
+<p>In the village of Jamaica was a well known academy
+where my mother received the early part of her education.
+One of her preceptors there was the Hon. Luther
+Bradish, who some years later became Lieutenant Gover<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>nor
+of the State of New York, and who at the time of his
+death was president of the New York Historical Society.
+Her education was continued at Miss Sarah Pierce's
+school in Litchfield, Connecticut, one of the most fashionable
+educational institutions of that period. I have
+heard my mother say that, accompanied by her father,
+she made the journey to Litchfield in a chariot, the name
+applied to carriages in those days, this, of course, being
+before there was any rail communication with that place.
+In close proximity to Miss Pierce's establishment was the
+law school of Judge James Gould, whose pupils were a
+great social resource to Miss Pierce's scholars. This institution
+was patronized by many pupils from the South,
+and during my mother's time John C. Calhoun was one
+of its students. A few years ago a history of the school
+was published, and a copy of the book was loaned me by
+the late Mrs. Lucius Tuckerman of Washington, whose
+mother was educated there and whose grandfather was
+the celebrated Oliver Wolcott of Connecticut. After my
+mother's marriage, she and my father visited Miss Pierce
+in Litchfield. This was during the Jackson campaign,
+while political excitement ran so very high that a prominent
+physician of the place remarked to my father, in perfectly
+good faith, that Jackson could not possibly be
+elected President as he would receive no support from
+Litchfield.</p>
+
+<p>In Jamaica was the last residence of the Honorable
+Rufus King, our minister to England under Washington
+and twenty years later a candidate for the presidency.
+His son, Charles King, was the beloved President of Columbia
+College in New York, and his few surviving students
+hold his memory in reverence. The house in which
+the King family resided was a stately structure with an
+<i>entourage</i> of fine old trees. It eventually passed into
+other hands, and a few years ago the entire property was
+generously donated by the Daughters of the American<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>
+Revolution to the town of Jamaica, and is now called
+"King's Manor."</p>
+
+<p>My grandfather, Captain John Hazard, was about fifty
+years old at the time of his marriage to my grandmother,
+Miss Leupp, of New Jersey, who died soon after, leaving
+an only child, my mother. A few years later he married
+Lydia Blackwell at her home on Blackwell's Island, which
+her father, Jacob Blackwell, had inherited from his father,
+Jacob Blackwell, the son of Robert Blackwell, who was
+the progenitor of the family in this country and gave his
+name to the island upon which he resided. Several years
+later Captain Hazard was heard to remark that matrimony
+was a lottery, and that he had drawn two prizes.
+I have in my possession an old letter written by Miss
+Blackwell to my grandfather previous to their marriage,
+which is so quaint and formal that I am tempted to give
+it in full:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Miss Blackwell's compliments to Captain Hazard and
+desires to know how he does&mdash;and if well enough will be
+glad to see him the first leisure day&mdash;as she has something
+of consequence to communicate and is sorry to hear
+that he has been so much indisposed as to deprive his
+friends of the pleasure of his company for this last fortnight&mdash;May
+you enjoy every happiness this imperfect estate
+affords is the sincere wish of your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='right'>L. B.</p>
+
+<p>Let me see you on Sunday.</p>
+
+<p>Burn this.</p></div>
+
+<p>Captain Hazard brought his new bride to the old home
+on the Rockaway Road where I was subsequently born,
+and she immediately took under her protecting wing my
+mother, who was then but little more than an infant.
+The babe grew and thrived, and never knew until she was
+a good-sized girl that the woman who had so lovingly nurtured
+her was only a step-mother. She learned the fact<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>
+from a schoolmate who told her out of revenge for some
+fancied wrong; and I shall always remember my mother
+telling me how she hurried home feeling all the time that
+the cruel story was untrue, only to have it confirmed by
+the lips of the woman who had been as affectionate and
+unselfish as any mother could possibly have been to her
+own child. In subsequent years, when my mother gathered
+her own children around her, she held her step-mother
+up to us as the embodiment of all female virtue and excellence,
+all of which is confirmed by my own recollection
+of her remarkable character and exemplary life.</p>
+
+<p>On the farm adjoining us lived a crusty old bachelor by
+the name of Martin, who in his earlier life had been professionally
+associated with Aaron Burr. No human being
+was allowed to cross his threshold, but I recall that years
+after his death I saw a large quantity of silver which he
+had inherited, and which bore a martin for a crest. He
+was a terror to all the children in our vicinity, and it was
+his habit to walk on the neighboring roads clad in a dressing
+gown. More than once as I passed him he accosted
+me with the interrogative, "Are you Nancy Hazard's
+brat?"&mdash;a query that invariably prompted me to quicken
+my pace. Mr. Martin kept a fine herd of cattle, among
+which was an obstreperous bull whose stentorian tones
+were familiar to all the residents of the adjoining places.
+When the children of our household were turbulent my
+mother would often exclaim, "Listen to Martin's bull roaring!"
+This invariably had a soothing effect upon the
+children, and strange to say this trivial incident has descended
+among my kindred to the fourth generation, for
+my mother's great-grandchildren are as familiar with
+"Martin's bull" as my sisters and brothers and I were in
+our own childhood.</p>
+
+<p>Malcolm Campbell, my paternal grandfather, left Scotland
+subsequently to our Revolution, accompanied by his
+wife and son James (my father), and after a passage of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+several weeks landed in New York. His wife was Miss
+Lucy McClellan. His father, Alexander Campbell, fought
+in the battle of Culloden, and I have heard my father say
+that his grandfather's regiment marched to the song of:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Who wadna fight for Charlie?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who wadna draw the sword?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who wadna up and rally,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At their royal prince's word?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Think on Scotia's ancient heroes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Think on foreign foes repell'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Think on glorious Bruce and Wallace,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who the proud usurpers quell'd."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>It is said he had previously been sent to Italy to collect
+arms and ammunition for the "Young Pretender," the
+grandson of James II. The battle of Culloden, which
+was fought on the 16th of April, 1746, and which has often
+been called the "Culloden Massacre," caused the whole civilized
+world to stand aghast. The order of the Duke of Cumberland
+to grant no quarter to prisoners placed him foremost
+in the ranks of "British beasts" that have disgraced
+the pages of history, and earned for him the unenviable
+title of "The Butcher of Culloden." It has been suggested
+in extenuation of his fiendish conduct that His
+Grace was "deep in his cups" the night before the battle,
+and that the General to whom the order was given,
+realizing the condition of the Duke, insisted that his instructions
+should be reduced to writing. His Grace thereupon
+angrily seized a playing card from the table where
+he was engaged in gambling, and complied with the request.
+This card happened to be the nine of diamonds,
+and to this day is known as "the curse of Scotland." A
+long period elapsed before those who had sympathized
+with the Young Pretender's cause were restored to the
+good graces of the English throne, and it was Scotland
+that was compelled to bear the brunt of the royal dis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>pleasure.
+The sins of the fathers were visited upon their
+children, and it is not at all unlikely that the sympathies
+of Alexander Campbell's son, Malcolm (my grandfather),
+for the last of the House of Stuart developed a chain of
+circumstances that resulted, with other causes, in his embarkation
+for America.</p>
+
+<p>During the early period of my childhood I became familiar
+with the Jacobite songs which my father used to
+sing, and which had been handed down in the Campbell
+family. I was so deeply imbued during my early life with
+the Jacobite spirit of my forefathers that when I read the
+account in my English history of George I, carrying with
+him his little dissolute Hanoverian Court and crossing the
+water to England to become King of Great Britain, I felt
+even at that late day that the act was a personal grievance.
+Through the passage of many years a fragment of one of
+these Jacobite songs still rings in my ears:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"There's nae luck aboot the hoose,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There's nae luck ava [at all];<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There's little pleasure in the hoose<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When our gude man's awa."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Even now some of those songs appeal to me possibly in
+the same manner as the "Marseillaise" to the French, or
+the "Ranz de Vaches" to the Swiss who have wandered
+from their mountain homes, or as the strains of our
+national hymn affect my own fellow countrymen in foreign
+lands, whose hearts are made to throb when with uncovered
+heads they listen, and are carried back in memory
+to the days of "auld lang syne."</p>
+
+<p>My grandfather, Malcolm Campbell, received the degree
+of Master of Arts from the University of St. Andrews, the
+great school of Scottish Latinity, and his diploma conferring
+upon him that honor is still in the possession of his
+descendants. Before leaving Scotland he had formed an
+intimacy with Andrew Picken, and during the voyage to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>
+America enjoyed the pleasing companionship of that gentleman
+together with his wife and their two children.
+Mrs. Picken was the only daughter of Sir Charles Burdette
+of London, whose wife was the daughter of the Earl
+of Wyndham. She and Andrew Picken, who was a native
+of Stewarton, in Ayrshire, a younger branch of a noble
+family, four years previously had made a clandestine marriage
+and, after vainly attempting to effect a reconciliation
+with her father, resolved upon emigrating to America.
+Their daughter, Mrs. Sara Jane Picken Cohen, widow of
+the Rev. Dr. Abraham H. Cohen of Richmond, Virginia,
+wrote the memoirs of her life, and in describing her parents'
+voyage to this country says: "It was one of those
+old-time voyages, of nine weeks and three days, from land
+to land, and a very boisterous one it was. There had been
+a terrific storm, which had raged violently for several
+days." This friendship formed in the mother country
+was naturally much strengthened during the long voyage,
+and when the two families finally reached New York,
+Mrs. Cohen writes: "Here we settled down our two families,
+strangers in a strange land. But the lamp of friendship
+burned brightly and lit us on the way; our children
+grew up together in early childhood, and as brothers and
+sisters were born in each family they were named in succession
+after each other." It is pleasant to state that this
+friendship formed so many generations ago is still continued
+in my family, as my daughters and I frequently
+enjoy in our Washington home the pleasing society of Mr.
+and Mrs. Roberdeau Buchanan, the latter of whom is the
+great granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Picken.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after his arrival in New York Malcolm Campbell
+established a classical school at 85 Broadway nearly opposite
+Trinity Church. He edited the first American edition
+of Cicero's orations and of C&aelig;sar's commentaries,
+and also revised and corrected and published in 1808
+l'Abb&eacute; Tardy's French dictionary. His first edition of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>
+Cicero is dedicated to the "Right Reverend Benjamin
+Moore, D.D., Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church
+in the State of New York, and President of Columbia
+College," and another edition with the same text and imprint
+is dedicated, in several pages of Latin, to the learned
+Samuel L. Mitchell, M.D. He and his wife were buried
+in the graveyard of the Wall Street Presbyterian Church.
+It may not be inappropriate in this connection to refer to
+another instructor of an even earlier period which has
+come within my notice, who taught reading, writing and
+arithmetic "with becoming accuracy." In <i>The New
+York Journal Or The General Advertiser</i> of the 30th of
+April, 1772, appears the following advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">The respectable Public</span> is hereby informed that,
+agreeable to a former advertisement, a Seminary of Learning
+was opened at New Brunswick, last November, by
+the name of <i>Queen's College</i>,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> and also a Grammar School,
+in order to prepare Youth for the same. Any Parents or
+Guardians who may be inclined to send their Children to
+this Institution, may depend upon having them instructed
+with the greatest Care and Diligence in all the Arts and
+Sciences usually taught in public Schools; the strictest
+Regard will be paid to their moral Conduct, (and in a
+word) to every Thing which may tend to render them a
+Pleasure to their Friends, and an Ornament to their
+Species.</p>
+
+<p>Also to obviate the Objection of some to sending their
+Children on Account of their small Proficiency in English,
+a proper Person has been provided, who attends at
+the Grammar School an Hour a Day, and teaches Reading,
+Writing and Arithmetic with becoming Accuracy&mdash;It
+is hoped that the above Considerations, together with
+the healthy and convenient Situation of the Place, on a
+Pleasant and navigable River, in the midst of a plentiful
+Country; the Reasonableness of the Inhabitants in the
+Price of Board, and the easy Access from all Places, either<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>
+by Land or Water will be esteemed by the considerate
+Public, as a sufficient Recommendation of this infant College,
+which (as it is erected upon so Catholic a Plan) will
+undoubtedly prove <i>advantageous</i> to our new American
+World, by assisting its <span class="smcap">Sister Semminaries</span> to cultivate
+Piety, Learning, and Liberty.</p>
+
+<p class='indent1'><i>Per Order of the Trustees</i>,</p>
+
+<p class='indent2'><span class="smcap">Frederick Frelinghuysen</span>, Tutor.</p>
+
+<p>N.B. The Vacation of the College will be expired on
+Wednesday the 6th of May, any Students then offering
+themselves shall be admitted into such Class, as (upon
+Examination) they shall be found capable of entering.</p></div>
+
+<p>The signer of this interesting advertisement was graduated
+from Princeton College in 1770, and subsequently
+became a lawyer. His distinguished son, Theodore, was
+widely known as a philanthropist and Christian statesman,
+and at various periods was United States Senator, Chancellor
+of the New York University, President of Rutgers
+College, a candidate for the Vice Presidency of the United
+States, and President of the American Bible Society. A
+grandson of the signer was the Hon. Frederick Theodore
+Frelinghuysen, the well remembered United States Senator
+and Secretary of State under President Arthur.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of the Frelinghuysen family, I recall an amusing
+story told at the expense of Newark, New Jersey.
+When the late Secretary Frelinghuysen presented himself
+at the gates of Heaven he was surprised not to be recognized
+by St. Peter, who asked him who he was. "I am
+the Hon. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen," was the response.
+"From where?" "Newark, New Jersey."
+"Newark?" quoth St. Peter, "I never heard of that place,
+but I will look on my list. No, it isn't there. I can not
+admit you, Mr. Frelinghuysen." So the old gentleman
+proceeded and knocked at another gate in the boundless
+immensity. The devil opened it and looked out. The
+same conversation occurred as with St. Peter. Newark
+wasn't "on the list." "My Heavens, Mr. Satan, am I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>
+then doomed to return to Newark?" exclaimed the New
+Jersey statesman, and went back to the Newark graveyard.</p>
+
+<p>My father, James Campbell, was born in Callander,
+Scotland, and, as I have before stated, came to this country
+with his parents as a very young child. Both he and
+his father were clad in their Highland dress upon their
+arrival in New York. His childhood was spent in the
+great metropolis, and he subsequently studied law in Albany,
+with the Hon. Samuel Miles Hopkins, the grandfather
+of Mrs. Arent Schuyler Crowninshield. He was
+admitted to the bar, and almost immediately became a
+Master in Chancery. In 1821 he was appointed Surrogate
+of New York, a position which he retained for twenty
+years. He was always a pronounced democrat, but notwithstanding
+this fact he was reappointed ten successive
+times. In 1840, however, the Whig party was in the
+ascendency in the New York Legislature, and through the
+instrumentality of William H. Seward, who introduced a
+system called "pipe laying," the whole political atmosphere
+was changed. "Pipe laying" was an organized
+scheme for controlling votes, and derived its name from
+certain political manipulations connected with the introduction
+of Croton water in New York City. I have
+learned in later years that more approved methods are
+frequently used for controlling votes. Modern ethics has
+discovered a more satisfactory method through means of
+powerful corporations with coffers wide open in the holy
+cause of electing candidates.</p>
+
+<p>This unfortunate state of affairs resulted in the removal
+of my father from office, and he immediately resumed the
+practice of law. Some of his decisions as Surrogate are
+regarded as precedents to this day. Two of the most
+prominent of these are "Watts and LeRoy vs. Public Administrator"
+(a decision resulting in the establishment
+of the Leake and Watts Orphan House) and "In the
+matter of the last Will and Testament of Alice Lis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>penard,
+deceased." He is said to have owned about this
+time the largest private library in New York City, composed
+largely of foreign imprints, as he seemed to have but
+little regard for American editions. The classical portion
+of his library, especially the volumes published in Paris,
+was regarded as unusually choice and well selected. He
+had also a large collection of Greek Testaments which he
+read in preference to the translations. He owned a copy
+of Didot's Virgil and I have always understood that, with
+the exception of one owned in the Brevoort family of New
+York, it was at that time the only copy in America. He
+retained his scholarly tastes throughout his whole life, and
+in looking back I delight to picture him as seated in his
+library surrounded by his beloved books. In 1850, about
+two years after his death, his library was sold at auction,
+the catalogue of which covers 114 closely printed pages.
+Among the purchasers were William E. Burton, the actor,
+Chief Justice Charles P. Daly and Henry W. Longfellow.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Charles Anthon of Columbia College dedicated
+his Horace to my father in the following choice
+words:</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+To<br />
+My old &amp; valued friend<br />
+James Campbell, Esq.,<br />
+who, amid the graver duties of a judicial station,<br />
+can still find leisure to gratify a pure and<br />
+cultivated taste, by reviving the<br />
+studies of earlier years.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The following letter from Professor Anthon, the original
+of which is still retained by the family, was addressed
+to my mother shortly after my father's death.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Col[umbia] Coll[ege]</span>, Sep. 3d 1849.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Madam,</p>
+
+<p>I dedicated the accompanying work to your lamented
+husband in happier years, while he was still in the full<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>
+career of honourable usefulness; and, now that death has
+taken him from us, I deem it but right that the volume
+which bore his name while living, should still continue to
+be a memento of him. May I request you to accept this
+humble but sincere tribute to the memory of a most valued
+friend?</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>I remain, very respectfully and truly,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Chas. Anthon.</span></p>
+
+<p>
+Mrs. Campbell,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Houston Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When Professor Anthon was about forty-eight years of
+age Edgar Allan Poe described him as "about five feet,
+eight inches in height; rather stout; fair complexion; hair
+light and inclined to curl; forehead remarkably broad and
+high; eye gray, clear, and penetrating; mouth well-formed,
+with excellent teeth&mdash;the lips having great flexibility, and
+consequent power of expression; the smile particularly
+pleasing. His address in general is bold, frank, cordial,
+full of <i>bonhomie</i>. His whole air is <i>distingu&eacute;</i> in the best
+understanding of the term&mdash;that is to say, he would impress
+anyone at first sight with the idea of his being no
+ordinary man. He has qualities, indeed, which would
+have assured him eminent success in almost any pursuit;
+and there are times in which his friends are half disposed
+to regret his exclusive devotion to classical literature."</p>
+
+<p>My father was a trustee of the venerable New York
+Society Library and one of the directors of the old United
+States Bank in Philadelphia; and I have in my possession
+a number of interesting letters from Nicholas Biddle, its
+president, addressed to him and asking his advice and
+counsel. For eighteen years he was a trustee of Columbia
+College in New York, and enjoyed the close friendship of
+President William A. Duer, Reverend and Professor John
+McVickar, James Renwick, Professor of Chemistry, whose
+mother, Jennie Jeffery, was Burns's "Blue-e'ed Lassie,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>
+and Professor Charles Anthon, all of whom filled chairs
+in that institution with unquestioned ability. My father
+was also a member of the St. Andrews Society of New
+York. After his death, President Duer in an impressive
+address alluded to him in the following manner:</p>
+
+<p>"Two of our associates with whom I have been similarly
+connected and have known from boyhood have also departed,
+leaving sweet memories behind them, James Campbell
+and David S. Jones, the former a scholar and a ripe
+and good one, once honoring the choice of his fellow citizens
+and winning golden opinions as Surrogate of this
+city and county."</p>
+
+<p>President Duer had a most interesting family of children.
+His eldest married daughter, Frances Maria, was
+the wife of Henry Shaeffe Hoyt of Park Place, and died
+recently in Newport at a very advanced age. Eleanor
+Jones Duer, another daughter, married George T. Wilson,
+an Englishman. She was a great beauty, bearing a striking
+resemblance to Fanny Kemble, and was remarkable
+for her strong intellect. Her marriage was clandestine,
+and the cause, as far as I know, was never explained.
+Still another daughter, Elizabeth, married Archibald
+Gracie King of Weehawken, and was a Colonial Dame of
+much prominence in her later years. She was the mother
+of the authoress, Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer. President
+Duer's wife was Hannah Maria Denning of Fishkill,
+New York. I knew her only as an elderly woman possessing
+a fine presence and social tastes.</p>
+
+<p>In my early life the students of Columbia College enjoyed
+playing practical jokes upon its dignified professors.
+As an illustration, I remember once seeing the death of
+Professor Renwick fictitiously published in one of the
+daily journals, much to the sorrow and subsequently the
+indignation of a large circle of friends. Professor Anthon,
+too, although a confirmed bachelor, had to face his
+turn, and his marriage to some unknown bride bearing an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+assumed name was an occasional announcement. But the
+most amusing feature of the joke would appear in the
+morning, when an emphatic denial would be seen in the
+columns of the same newspaper, accompanied by a quotation
+in spurious Latin. Professor Anthon lived with his
+two spinster sisters in one of the college buildings, and
+their home was a rendezvous for an appreciative younger
+generation. In connection with his duties at the college,
+he was the head of the Columbia College Grammar School,
+and I have always understood that he strictly followed the
+scriptural injunction not "to spare the rod." His victims
+were repeatedly heard to remark that these flagellations
+partially counterbalanced the lack of exercise which
+he felt very keenly in his sedentary life. But with all his
+austerity his pupils would occasionally be astonished over
+the amount of humor that he was capable of displaying.
+His handwriting was exquisitely minute in character, and
+I have in my possession two valentines composed by him
+and sent to me which are quaintly beautiful in language
+and, although sixty years old, are still in a perfect state
+of preservation.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i8"><i>To Miss Marian Campbell.</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Campbell is coming! Ye Gentles beware,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For Don Cupid lies hid in her dark flowing hair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And her eyes, bright as stars that in mid-heaven roll,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pierce through frock-coat and dickey right into the soul!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ye lips which the coral might envy, I ween,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ye pearl rows that peep from the red lips between,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And that soft-dimpled cheek, with the hue of the rose,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And that smile which bears conquest wherever it goes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh, could I but think that you soon would be mine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'd send Marian each morning a sweet valentine.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Feb'y 14, 1844.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='indent4'>(Written a few years later.)</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Sweet girl! within whose laughing eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A thousand little Cupids lie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While every curl, that floats above<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy noble brow, seems fraught with love.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh, list to me, my loved one, list!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy Tellkampf's suit no more resist,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But give to him, to call his own,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A heart where Kings might make their throne.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>John Louis Tellkampf, to whom Anthon so facetiously
+alludes in the second valentine, was a young German who
+frequently came to our house, and who, through my father's
+aid and influence, in subsequent years became professor
+of German in Columbia College. When we first
+knew him he spoke English with much difficulty, and it
+was a standing joke in our household that once when he
+desired to say that a certain person had been born he expressed
+the fact as "getting alive."</p>
+
+<p>Malcolm Campbell, a younger brother of mine, was
+graduated in 1850 from Columbia College near the head
+of his class. Among his classmates were Charles Seymour,
+subsequently Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal
+Church of Illinois, and the distinguished lawyer Frederick
+R. Coudert, whose father kept a boys' French school in
+Bleecker Street. My brother subsequently studied law in
+the office of Judge Henry Hilton, and for many years
+practiced at the New York bar. Upon a certain occasion
+he and Samuel F. Kneeland were opposing counsel in an
+important suit during which Mr. Kneeland kept quoting
+from his own work upon "Mechanics' Liens." My brother
+endured this as long as his patience permitted and then,
+slowly rising to his feet, said: "I have cited decisions on
+the point in controversy, but my learned opponent cites
+nothing except his own opinions printed in his own book.
+With such persistency has he done this that I have been
+tempted to write these lines:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Oh, Kneeland! dear Kneeland, pray what do you mean<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By such a fat book on the subject of Lien?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was it for glory or was it for pelf,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or just for the pleasure of quoting yourself?"<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p>It seems almost needless to add that this doggerel was
+followed by a round of applause, and that Chief Justice
+Charles P. Daly and Judge Joseph F. Daly, as well as
+Judge George M. Van Hoesen, who were on the bench at
+this time, joined in the merriment.</p>
+
+<p>The commencement exercises of Columbia College, as I
+remember them, took place every summer in St. John's
+Church opposite St. John's Park, and I often attended
+them in my early days. Columbia College at this period
+was in the lower part of the city between College and Park
+Places, and was the original King's College of colonial
+days. All of the professors lived in the college buildings
+in a most unostentatious manner, and I readily recall frequent
+instances during my early childhood when, in company
+with my father, I walked to the college and took a
+simple six o'clock supper with Professor Anthon and his
+sisters.</p>
+
+<p>My mother met my father while visiting in New York,
+and the acquaintance eventually resulted in a runaway
+marriage. They were married on the 10th of June, 1818,
+and nine days later the following notice appeared in <i>The
+National Advocate</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Married.</i></p>
+
+<p>At Flushing, L.I., by the Rev. Mr. [Barzilla] Buckley,
+James Campbell esq. of this city, to Miss Mary Ann Hazard,
+daughter of John Hazard, esq. of Jamaica, Long
+Island.</p></div>
+
+<p>The objection of my Grandfather Hazard to my mother's
+marriage was not unnatural, as she was his only child,
+and being at this time well advanced in years he dreaded
+the separation. But the happy bride immediately brought
+her husband to live in the old home where she had been
+born, where the young couple began their married life
+under pleasing auspices, and my father continued his
+practice of law in New York. I had the misfortune of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+being a second daughter. Traditionally, I know that my
+grandfather most earnestly desired a grandson at that
+time, and when the nurse announced my birth, she was
+not sufficiently courageous to tell the truth, and said: "A
+boy, sir!" Her faltering manner possibly betrayed her,
+as the sarcastic retort was: "I dare say, an Irish boy."</p>
+
+<p>My ambitious parents sent me with my oldest sister,
+Fanny, at the early age of four, to a school in the village
+of Jamaica conducted by Miss Delia Bacon. My recollection
+of events occurring at this early period is not very
+vivid, but I still recall the vision of three beautiful women,
+Delia, Alice and Julia Bacon, who presided over our
+school. This interesting trio were nieces of the distinguished
+author and divine, the Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon,
+who for fifty-seven years was pastor of the First Congregational
+Church of New Haven. Many years subsequent
+to my school days, Delia Bacon became, as is well known,
+an enthusiastic advocate of the Baconian authorship of
+Shakespeare's plays. I have understood that she made a
+pilgrimage to Stratford-on-Avon hoping to secure the
+proper authority to reopen Shakespeare's grave, a desire,
+however, that remained ungratified. She was a woman of
+remarkable ability, and I have in my possession the book,
+written by her nephew, which tells the story of her life.
+I was Miss Bacon's youngest pupil, and attended school
+regularly in company with my sister, whither we were
+driven each morning in the family carriage. My studies
+were not difficult, and my principal recollection is my
+playing out of doors with a dog named Sancho, while the
+older children were busy inside with their studies.</p>
+
+<p>During my Long Island life, as a very young child, I
+was visiting my aunts in Jay Street, New York, when I
+was taken to Grant Thorburn's seed shop in Maiden Lane,
+which I think was called "The Arcade." There was much
+there to delight the childish fancy&mdash;canaries, parrots, and
+other birds of varied plumage. Thorburn's career was de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>cidedly
+unusual. He was born in Scotland, where he
+worked in his father's shop as a nailmaker. He came to
+New York in 1794 and for a time continued at his old
+trade. He then kept a seed store and, after making quite
+a fortune, launched into a literary career and wrote under
+the <i>nom de plume</i> of "Laurie Todd."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Now Rutgers College.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER II</h2>
+
+<h3>NEW YORK AND SOME NEW YORKERS</h3>
+
+
+<p>About 1828 my parents moved to New York, and
+immediately occupied the house, No. 6 Hubert
+Street, purchased by my father, and pleasantly located
+a short distance from St. John's Park, then the fashionable
+section of the city. This park was always kept
+locked, but it was the common play-ground of the children
+of the neighborhood, whose families were furnished
+with keys, as is the case with Gramercy Park to-day. St.
+John's Church overlooked this park, and the houses on the
+other three sides of the square were among the finest residences
+in the city. Many of them were occupied by families
+of prominence, among which were those of Watts,
+Gibbes, Kemble, Hamilton and Smedberg. Next door to
+us on Hubert Street lived Commander, subsequently Rear
+Admiral, Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., and his young family.
+His first wife was Miss Jane Jeffrey Renwick, who was a
+sister of Professor James Renwick of Columbia College,
+and after her death he married Mary Lynch, a daughter
+of Henry Lynch of New York and the widow of Captain
+William Compton Bolton of the Navy. This, of
+course, was previous to his naval achievements, which are
+such well known events in American history. In after
+life Admiral and Mrs. Wilkes moved to Washington,
+D.C., where I renewed my friendship of early days and
+where members of his family still reside, beloved and respected
+by the whole community.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Thomas S. Gibbes of South Carolina, whose wife
+was Miss Susan Annette Vanden Heuvel, daughter of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+John C. Vanden Heuvel, a wealthy land owner, lived on
+Hudson Street, facing St. John's Park. Their elder
+daughter Charlotte Augusta, who married John Jacob
+Astor, son of William B. Astor, was an early playmate
+of mine, and many pleasant memories of her as a little
+girl cluster around St. John's Park, where we romped
+together. When I first knew the Gibbes family it had
+recently returned from a long residence in Paris, an
+unusual experience in these days, and both Charlotte Augusta
+and her younger sister, Annette Gibbes, sang in a
+very pleasing manner French songs, which were a decided
+novelty to our juvenile ears. Mrs. Gibbes's sisters were
+Mrs. Gouverneur S. Bibby and Mrs. John C. Hamilton.</p>
+
+<p>Directly opposite St. John's Park, on the corner of
+Varick and Beach streets, was Miss Maria Forbes's school
+for young girls, which was the fashionable school of the
+day. I attended it in company with my sister Fanny and
+my brother James who was my junior. Miss Forbes occasionally
+admitted boys to her school when accompanied
+by older sisters. Our life there was regulated in accordance
+with the strictest principles of learning and etiquette,
+and a child would have been deficient indeed who failed
+to acquire knowledge under the tuition of such an able
+teacher. School commenced promptly at eight o'clock and
+continued without intermission until three.</p>
+
+<p>The principal of the school was the daughter of John
+Forbes, who for thirty years was the librarian of the New
+York Society Library. He was a native of Aberdeen in
+Scotland, and was brought to this country in extreme
+youth by a widowed mother of marked determination and
+piety, with the intention of launching him successfully in
+life. He early displayed a fondness for books, and must
+have shown an uncommon maturity of mind and much
+executive ability, as he was only nineteen when he was
+appointed to the position just named. It is an interesting
+fact that he accepted the librarianship in 1798 with a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>
+salary of two hundred and fifty dollars a year in addition
+to the fines and two and a half per cent. upon all moneys
+collected, besides the use or rental of the lower front room
+of the library building. After many years of labor his
+salary was raised to five hundred dollars. Upon his
+death in October, 1824, the trustees, out of respect to his
+memory, voted to attend his funeral in a body and ordered
+the library closed for the remaining four days of the week.
+He married Miss Martha Skidmore, daughter of Lemuel
+Skidmore, a prominent iron and steel merchant of New
+York, and I have no doubt that Maria Forbes, their daughter
+and my early teacher, inherited her scholarly tastes
+from her father, of whom Dr. John W. Francis in his
+"Old New York" justly speaks as a "learned man."</p>
+
+<p>Miss Forbes was a pronounced disciplinarian, and administered
+one form of punishment which left a lasting
+impression upon my memory. For certain trivial offenses
+a child was placed in a darkened room and clothed in a
+tow apron. One day I was subjected to this punishment
+for many hours, an incident which naturally I have never
+yet been able to forget. On the occasion referred to
+Miss Forbes was obliged to leave the schoolroom for a
+few minutes and, unfortunately for my happiness, appointed
+my young brother James to act as monitor during
+her absence. His first experience in the exercise of a
+little authority evidently turned his head, for upon the
+return of our teacher I was reported for misbehavior.
+The charge against me was that I had smiled. It is too
+long ago to remember whether or not it was a smile of derision,
+but upon mature reflection I think it must have
+been. I knew, however, in my childish heart that I had
+committed no serious offense and, as can readily be imagined,
+my indignation was boundless. It was the first act
+of injustice I had ever experienced. Feeling that the
+punishment was undeserved, and smarting under it, with
+abundance of leisure upon my hands, I bit the tough tow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>
+apron into many pieces. When Miss Forbes after a few
+hours, which seemed to me an eternity, came to relieve me
+from my irksome position and noticed the condition of the
+apron, she regaled me with a homily upon the evils of bad
+temper, and gave as practical illustrations the lives of
+some of our most noted criminals, all of whom had expiated
+their crimes upon the gallows.</p>
+
+<p>In recalling these early school days it seems to me that
+the rudiments of education received far more attention
+then than now. Spelling was regarded as of chief importance
+and due consideration was given to grammar.
+There were no "frills" then, such as physical culture,
+manual training and the like, and vacation lasted but
+thirty days, usually during the month of August. Some
+of my earliest friendships were formed at Miss Forbes's
+school, many of which I have retained through a long life.
+Among my companions and classmates were the Tillotsons,
+Lynches, Astors, Kembles, Hamiltons, Duers, and
+Livingstons.</p>
+
+<p>But in spite of the severe discipline of Miss Forbes's
+school, her pupils occasionally engaged in current gossip.
+It was in her schoolroom I first made the discovery that
+this earth boasted of such valuable adjuncts to the human
+family as title-bearing gentlemen, and in this particular
+case it was a live Count that was brought to my notice.
+Count Louis Fitzgerald Tasistro had recently arrived in
+New York, and his engagement to Adelaide Lynch, a
+daughter of Judge James Lynch, of an old New York
+family, was soon announced. On the voyage to America
+he had made the acquaintance of a son of Lord Henry
+Gage of England, whose principal object in visiting this
+country was to make the acquaintance of his kinsman, Mr.
+Gouverneur Kemble. Through his instrumentality Tasistro
+was introduced into New York's most exclusive set, and
+soon became the lion of the hour. We girls discussed the
+engagement and subsequent marriage of the distinguished<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+foreigner (<i>sub rosa</i>, of course), and to our childish vision
+pictured a wonderful career for this New York girl. The
+marriage, however, soon terminated unfortunately, and to
+the day of his death Tasistro's origin remained a mystery.
+He was an intellectual man of fine presence and skilled in
+a number of foreign languages. He claimed he was a
+graduate of Dublin College. Many years later, after I
+had become more familiar with title-bearing foreigners,
+Tasistro again crossed my path in Washington, where he
+was acting as a translator in the State Department; but
+after a few years, owing to an affection of the eyes, he was
+obliged to give up this position, and his condition was one
+of destitution. Through the instrumentality of my husband
+he obtained an annuity from his son, whom, by the
+way, he never knew; and for some years, in a spirit of
+gratitude, taught my children French. His last literary
+effort was the translation of the first two volumes of the
+Comte de Paris's "History of the Civil War in America."
+His devotion to my husband was pathetic, and I have frequently
+heard the Count say during the last years of his
+life that he never met him without some good fortune immediately
+following.</p>
+
+<p>After Mr. Gouverneur's death I received the following
+letter from Tasistro, which is so beautiful in diction that
+I take pleasure in inserting it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, April 26, 1880.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Mrs. Gouverneur,</p>
+
+<p>Had I obeyed implicitly the impulses of my heart, or
+been less deeply affected by the great loss which will ever
+render the 5th of April a day of sad &amp; bitter memories
+to me, I should perhaps have been more expeditious in
+rendering to you the poor tribute of my condolence for
+the terrible bereavement which it has pleased the Supreme
+Ruler of all things to afflict you with.</p>
+
+<p>My own particular grief in thus losing the best &amp; most
+valued friend I ever had on earth, receives additional<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>
+poignancy from the fact that, although duly impressed
+with an abiding sense of the imperishable obligation, conferred
+upon me by my lamented friend, I have been debarred,
+by my own physical infirmities, from proffering
+those services which it would have afforded me so much
+consolation to perform.</p>
+
+<p>I should be loath, however, to start on my own journey
+for that shadowy land whose dim outlines are becoming
+daily more &amp; more visible to my mental eye, without
+leaving some kind of record attesting to the depth of my
+appreciation of all the noble attributes which clustered
+around your husband's character&mdash;of my intense &amp;
+lasting gratitude for his generous exertions in my behalf,
+&amp; my profound sympathy for you personally in this hour
+of sorrow &amp; affliction.</p>
+
+<p>Hoping that you may find strength adequate to the
+emergency, I remain, with great respect,</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Your devoted servant,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">L. F. Tasistro.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>A valued friend of my father's was Dr. John W. Francis,
+the "Doctor Sangrado" of this period, who, with other
+practitioners of the day, believed in curing all maladies
+by copious bleeding and a dose of calomel. He was the
+fashionable physician of that time and especially prided
+himself upon his physical resemblance to Benjamin Franklin.
+He had much dramatic ability of a comic sort, and
+I have often heard the opinion expressed that if he had
+adopted the stage as a profession he would have rivalled
+the comedian William E. Burton, who at this time was
+delighting his audiences at Burton's Theater on Chambers
+Street. In my early life when Dr. Francis was called to
+our house professionally the favorite dose he invariably prescribed
+for nearly every ailment was "calomel and jalap."</p>
+
+<p>One day during school hours at Miss Forbes's I was
+suddenly summoned to return to my home. I soon discovered
+after my arrival that I was in the presence of a tribunal
+composed of my parents and Dr. Francis. I was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+completely at a loss to understand why I was recalled with,
+what seemed to me, such undue haste, as I was entirely unconscious
+of any misdemeanor. I soon discovered, however,
+that I was in great trouble. It seems that a young
+girl from Santa Cruz, a boarding pupil at our school, had
+died of a malady known at this period as "iliac passion,"
+but now as appendicitis. Her attending physician was
+Dr. Ralph I. Bush, a former surgeon in the British Navy,
+and I soon learned to my dismay that I was accused of
+having made an indiscreet remark in regard to his management
+of my schoolmate's case, although to this day I
+have never known exactly how Dr. Francis, as our family
+physician, was involved in the affair. I stood up as bravely
+as I could under a rigid cross-examination, but, alas! I
+had no remembrance whatever of making any remark that
+could possibly offend. At any rate, Dr. Bush had given
+Dr. Francis to understand that he was ready to settle the
+affair according to the approved method of the day; but
+Dr. Francis was a man of peace, and had no relish for the
+code. Possibly, with the reputed activity of Sir Lucius
+O'Trigger, Dr. Bush had already selected his seconds, as
+I have seldom seen a man more unnerved than Dr. Francis
+by what proved after all to be only a trifling episode.
+Soon after my trying interview, however, explanations
+followed, and the two physicians amicably adjusted the
+affair.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that this unfortunate entanglement arose from
+a misunderstanding. There were two cases of illness at
+Miss Forbes's school at the same time, the patient of Dr.
+Bush already mentioned and another child suffering from
+a broken arm whom Dr. Francis attended. He set the
+limb but, as he was not proficient as a surgeon, the act
+was criticized by the schoolgirls within my hearing. My
+sense of loyalty to my family doctor caused me to utter
+some childish remark in his defense which was possibly to
+the effect that he was a great deal better doctor than Dr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>
+Bush, who had failed to save the life of our late schoolmate.
+In recalling this childish episode which caused me
+so much anxiety I am surprised that such unnecessary attention
+was paid to the passing remark of a mere child.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Francis was as proficient in quoting wise maxims as
+Benjamin Franklin, whom he was said to resemble. One
+of them which I recall is the epitome of wisdom: "If
+thy hand be in a lion's mouth, get it out as fast as thou
+canst."</p>
+
+<p>I may here state, by the way, that in close proximity to
+Dr. Francis's residence on Bond Street lived Dr. Eleazer
+Parmly, the fashionable dentist of New York. He stood
+high in public esteem and a few still living may remember
+his pleasing address. He accumulated a large fortune
+and I believe left many descendants.</p>
+
+<p>The girls at Miss Forbes's school were taught needle
+work and embroidery, for in my early days no young
+woman's education was regarded as complete without
+these accomplishments. I quote from memory an elaborate
+sampler which bore the following poetical effusion:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What is the blooming tincture of the skin,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To peace of mind and harmony within?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What the bright sparkling of the finest eye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the soft soothing of a kind reply?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Can comeliness of form or face so fair<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With kindliness of word or deed compare?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No. Those at first the unwary heart may gain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But these, these only, can the heart retain.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>It seems remarkable that after spending months in working
+such effusive lines, or others similar to them, Miss
+Forbes's pupils did not become luminaries of virtue and
+propriety. If they did not their failure certainly could
+not be laid at the door of their preceptress.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Forbes personally taught the rudiments but Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+Luther Jackson, the writing master, visited the school each
+day and instructed his scholars in the Italian style of
+chirography. Mr. Michael A. Gauvain taught French so
+successfully that in a short time many of us were able to
+place on the amateur boards a number of French plays.
+Our audiences were composed chiefly of admiring parents,
+who naturally viewed the performances with paternal partiality
+and no doubt regarded us as incipient Rachels. I
+remember as if it were only yesterday a play in which I
+took one of the principal parts&mdash;"Athalie," one of Jean
+Racine's plays.</p>
+
+<p>This mode of education was adopted in Paris by
+Madame Campan, the instructor of the French nobility
+as well as of royalty during the First Empire. In her
+manuscript memoirs, addressed to the children of her
+brother, "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet, who was then
+living in America, and of which I have an exact copy, she
+dwells upon the histrionic performances by her pupils,
+among whom were Queen Hortense and my husband's
+aunt, Eliza Monroe, daughter of President James Monroe
+and subsequently the wife of Judge George Hay of Virginia.
+She gives a graphic account of the Emperor attending
+one of these plays, when "Esther," one of Racine's
+masterpieces, was performed.</p>
+
+<p>The dancing master, who, of course, was an essential
+adjunct of every well regulated school, was John J. Charraud.
+He was a refugee from Hayti after the revolution
+in that island, and opened his dancing-school in New York
+on Murray Street, but afterwards gave his "publics" in
+the City Hall. He taught only the cotillion and the three-step
+waltz and came to our school three times a week for
+this purpose. Much attention was given to poetry, and
+I still recall the first piece I committed to memory, "Pity
+the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man." My father thoroughly
+believed in memorizing verse, and he always liberally rewarded
+me for every piece I was able to recite. I may<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+state, by the way, that Blair's Rhetoric was a textbook of
+our school and the one which I most enjoyed.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Forbes had a number of medals which the girls
+were allowed to wear at stated periods for proficiency in
+their studies as well as for exemplary deportment. There
+was one of these which was known as the "excellence
+medal," and the exultant pupil upon whom it was bestowed
+was allowed the privilege of wearing it for two
+weeks. Upon it was inscribed the well known proverb of
+Solomon, "Many daughters have done virtuously, but
+thou excellest them all."</p>
+
+<p>Among the pleasant memories of my early life are the
+dinners given by my father, when the distinguished men
+of the day gathered around his hospitable board. In New
+York at this time all the professional cooks and waiters
+in their employ were colored men. Butlers were then unknown.
+It was also before the days of <i>&agrave; la Russe</i> service,
+and I remember seeing upon some of these occasions a
+saddle of venison, while at the opposite end of the table
+there was always a Westphalia ham. Fresh salmon was
+considered a <i>pi&egrave;ce de r&eacute;sistance</i>. Many different wines
+were always served, and long years later in a conversation
+with Gov. William L. Marcy, who was a warm friend of
+my father, he told me he was present on one of these
+occasions when seven different varieties of wine were
+served. I especially remember a dinner given by him in
+honor of Martin Van Buren. He was Vice-President of
+the United States at the time and was accompanied to New
+York by John Forsyth of Georgia, a member of Jackson's
+cabinet. Some of the guests invited to meet him were
+Gulian C. Verplanck, Thomas Morris, John C. Hamilton,
+Philip Hone and Walter Bowne. The day previous to
+this dinner my father received the following note from
+Mr. Van Buren:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>My dear Sir,</p>
+
+<p>Our friend Mr. Forsyth, is with me and you must send
+him an invitation to dine with you to-morrow if, as I
+suppose is the case, I am to have that honor.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Yours truly,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">M. Van Buren.</span><br />
+Sunday, June 9, '33.</p>
+
+<p>J. Campbell, Esq.</p></div>
+
+<p>Martin Van Buren was a political friend of my father's
+from almost his earliest manhood. Two years after he
+was appointed Surrogate he received the following confidential
+letter from Mr. Van Buren. As will be seen, it
+was before the days when he wrote in full the prefix
+"Van" to his name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Private.</i></p>
+
+<p>My dear Sir,</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hoyt wishes me to quiet your apprehensions on
+the subject of the Elector.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> I will state to you truly how
+the matter stands. My sincere belief is that we shall
+succeed; at the same time I am bound to admit that the
+subject is full of difficulties. If the members were now,
+and without extraneous influence, to settle the matter,
+the result would be certain. But I know that uncommon
+exertions have been, and are making, by the outdoor
+friends of Adams &amp; Clay to effect a co-operation of
+their forces in favor of a divided ticket. Look at the
+"National Journal" of the 23d, and you will find an article,
+prepared with care, to make influence there. A few
+months ago Mr. Adams would have revolted at such a
+publication. It is the desperate situation of his affairs
+that has brought him to it. The friends of Clay (allowing
+Adams more strength than he may have), have no
+hopes of getting him (Clay) into the house, unless they
+get a part of this State. The certain decline of Adams
+in other parts &amp; the uncertainty of his strength in the
+east alarm his friends on the same point. Thus both parties
+are led to the adoption of desperate measures. Out
+of N. England Adams has now no reason to expect more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>
+than his three or four votes in Maryland. A partial discomfiture
+in the east may therefore bring him below Mr.
+Clay's western votes, &amp; if it should appear that he (Adams)
+cannot get into the house, the western votes would
+go to Crawford. If nothing takes place materially to
+change the present state of things, we hope to defeat their
+plans here. But if you lose your Assembly ticket, there
+is no telling the effect it may produce, &amp; my chief object
+in being thus particular with you is to conjure your utmost
+attention to that subject. About the Governor's
+election there is no sort of doubt. I am not apt to be
+confident, &amp; <i>I aver that the matter is so.</i> But it is to the
+Assembly that interested men look, and the difference of
+ten members will (with the information the members can
+have when they come to act) be decisive in the opinion of
+the present members as to the complexion of the next
+house. There are <i>other points of view</i> which I cannot
+now state to you, in which the result I speak of may seriously
+affect the main question. Let me therefore entreat
+your serious attention to this matter. <i>Be careful of this.</i>
+Your city is a gossiping place, &amp; what you tell to one man
+in confidence is soon in the mouths of hundreds. You
+can impress our friends on this subject without connecting
+me with it. Do so.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Your sincere friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">M. V. Buren.</span><br />
+Albany, Octob. 28, 1824.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>James Campbell, Esq.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Mr. Hoyt referred to in the opening sentence of
+this letter was Jesse Hoyt, another political friend of my
+father's who, under Van Buren's administration, was Collector
+of the Port of New York. During my child life on
+Long Island he made my father occasional visits, and in
+subsequent years lived opposite us on Hubert Street. He
+was the first one to furnish me with a practical illustration
+of man's perfidy. As a very young child I consented
+to have my ears pierced, when Mr. Hoyt volunteered to
+send me a pair of coral ear-rings, but he failed to carry
+out his promise. I remember reading some years ago sev<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>eral
+letters addressed to Hoyt by "Prince" John Van
+Buren which he begins with "Dear Jessica."</p>
+
+<p>Table appointments at this time were most simple and
+unostentatious. Wine coolers were found in every well
+regulated house, but floral decorations were seldom seen.
+At my father's dinners, given upon special occasions,
+the handsome old silver was always used, much of which
+formerly belonged to my mother's family. The forks and
+spoons were of heavy beaten silver, and the knives were
+made of steel and had ivory handles. Ice cream was always
+the dessert, served in tall pyramids, and the universal
+flavor was vanilla taken directly from the bean, as
+prepared extracts were then unknown. I have no recollection
+of seeing ice water served upon any well-appointed
+table, as modern facilities for keeping it had yet to appear,
+and cold water could always be procured from
+pumps on the premises. The castors, now almost obsolete,
+containing the usual condiments, were <i>de rigueur</i>; while
+the linen used in our home was imported from Ireland,
+and in some cases bore the coat of arms of the United
+States with its motto, "<i>E Pluribus Unum</i>." My father's
+table accommodated twenty persons and the dinner hour
+was three o'clock. These social functions frequently
+lasted a number of hours, and when it became necessary
+the table was lighted by lamps containing sperm oil and
+candles in candelabra. These were the days when men
+wore ruffled shirt fronts and high boots.</p>
+
+<p>I still have in my possession an acceptance from William
+B. Astor, son of John Jacob Astor, to a dinner given
+by my father, written upon very small note paper and
+folded in the usual style of the day:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Mr. W. Astor will do himself the honor to dine with
+Mr. Campbell to-day agreeable to his polite invitation.</p>
+
+<p>May 28th.</p>
+
+<p>
+James Campbell Esq.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hubert Street.</p>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I well remember a stag dinner given by my father when
+I was a child at which one of the guests was Philip Hone,
+one of the most efficient and energetic Mayors the City of
+New York has ever had. He is best known to-day by his
+remarkable diary, edited by Bayard Tuckerman, which is
+a veritable storehouse of events relating to the contemporary
+history of the city. Mr. Hone had a fine presence
+with much elegance of manner, and was truly one of
+nature's noblemen. Many years ago Arent Schuyler de
+Peyster, to whom I am indebted for many traditions of
+early New York society, told me that upon one occasion
+a conversation occurred between Philip Hone and his
+brother John, a successful auctioneer, in which the latter
+advocated their adoption of a coat of arms. Philip's response
+was characteristic of the man: "I will have no
+arms except those Almighty God has given me."</p>
+
+<p>In this connection, and <i>&agrave;propos</i> of heraldic designs and
+their accompaniments, I have been informed that the Hon.
+Daniel Manning, Cleveland's Secretary of the Treasury,
+used upon certain of his cards of invitation a crest with
+the motto, "Aquila non capit muscas" ("The eagle does
+not catch flies"). This brings to my mind the following
+anecdote from a dictionary of quotations translated into
+English in 1826 by D. N. McDonnel: "Casti, an Italian
+poet who fled from Russia on account of having written
+a scurrilous poem in which he made severe animadversions
+on the Czarina and some of her favorites, took refuge in
+Austria. Joseph II. upon coming in contact with him
+asked him whether he was not afraid of being punished
+there, as well as in Russia, for having insulted his high
+friend and ally. The bard's steady reply was 'Aquila non
+capit muscas.'" Sir Francis Bacon, however, was the
+first in the race, as long before either Manning or Casti
+were born he made use of these exact words in his "Jurisdiction
+of the Marshes."</p>
+
+<p>In my early days John H. Contoit kept an ice cream<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>
+garden on Broadway near White Street, and it was the
+first establishment of this kind, as far as I know, in New
+York. During the summer months it was a favorite resort
+for many who sought a cool place and pleasant society,
+where they might eat ice cream under shady vines
+and ornamental lattice work. The ice cream was served
+in high glasses, and the price paid for it was twelve and
+one-half cents. Nickles and dimes were of course unknown,
+but the Mexican shilling, equivalent to twelve and
+one-half cents, and the quarter of a dollar, also Mexican,
+were in circulation.</p>
+
+<p>There were no such places as lunchrooms and tearooms
+in my early days, and the only restaurant of respectability
+was George W. Browne's "eating house," which was
+largely frequented by New Yorkers. The proprietor had
+a very pretty daughter, Mrs. Coles, who was brought
+prominently before the public in the summer of 1841 as
+the heroine of an altercation between August Belmont
+and Edward Heyward, a prominent South Carolinian, followed
+by a duel in Maryland in which Belmont is said to
+have been so seriously wounded as to retain the scars until
+his death.</p>
+
+<p>Alexander T. Stewart's store, corner of Broadway and
+Chambers Street, was the fashionable dry goods emporium,
+and for many years was without a conspicuous rival. William
+I. Tenney, Horace Hinsdale, Henry Gelston, and
+Frederick and Henry G. Marquand were jewelers. Tenney's
+store was on Broadway near Murray Street; Gelston's
+was under the Astor House on the corner of
+Barclay Street and Broadway; Hinsdale's was on the east
+side of Broadway and Cortlandt Street; and the Marquands
+were on the west side of Broadway between Cortlandt
+and Dey Streets.</p>
+
+<p>James Leary bore the palm in New York as the fashionable
+hatter, and his shop was on Broadway under the
+Astor House. As was usual then with his craft, he kept<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>
+individual blocks for those of his customers who had heads
+of unusual dimensions. In his show window he sometimes
+exhibited a block of remarkable size which was
+adapted to fit the heads of a distinguished trio, Daniel
+Webster, General James Watson Webb, and Charles Augustus
+Davis. Miss Anna Leary of Newport, his daughter
+and a devout Roman Catholic, received the title of
+Countess from the Pope.</p>
+
+<p>The most prominent hostelry in New York before the
+days of the Astor House was the City Hotel on lower
+Broadway. I have been informed that the site upon
+which it stood still belongs to representatives of the Boreel
+family, descendants of the first John Jacob Astor. Another,
+but of a later period, was the American Hotel on
+Broadway near the Astor House. It was originally the
+town house of John C. Vanden Heuvel, a member of one
+of New York's most exclusive families. Upon Mr. Vanden
+Heuvel's death this house passed into the possession
+of his son-in-law, John C. Hamilton, who changed it into
+a hotel. Its proprietor was William B. Cozzens, who was
+so long and favorably known as a hotel proprietor. At
+this same time he had charge of the only hotel at West
+Point, and it was named after him. If any army officers
+survive who were cadets during Cozzens's <i>r&eacute;gime</i> they will
+recall with pleasure his kindly bearing and attractive
+manner. Mr. Vanden Heuvel's country residence was in
+the vicinity of Ninetieth Street overlooking the Hudson
+River. His other daughters were Susan Annette, who
+married Mr. Thomas S. Gibbes of South Carolina, and
+Justine, who became the wife of Gouverneur S. Bibby, a
+cousin of my husband.</p>
+
+<p>As I first remember Union Square it was in the outskirts
+of the city. Several handsome houses had a few
+years previously been erected there by James F. Penniman,
+the son-in-law of Mr. Samuel Judd, the latter of
+whom amassed a large fortune by the manufacture and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>
+sale of oil and candles. Miss Lydia Kane, a sister of the
+elder De Lancey Kane and a noted wit of the day, upon
+a certain occasion was showing some strangers the sights
+of New York, and in passing these houses was asked by
+whom they were occupied. "That one," she responded,
+indicating the one in which the Pennimans themselves
+lived, "is occupied by one of the <i>illuminati</i> of the city."</p>
+
+<p>Robert L. Stuart and his brother Alexander were proprietors
+of a large candy store on the corner of Chambers
+and Greenwich Streets, under the firm name of R. L. &amp;
+A. Stuart. Their establishment was a favorite resort of
+the children of the day, who were as much addicted to
+sweets as are their more recent successors. "Broken
+candy" was a specialty of this firm, and was sold at a very
+low price. Alexander Stuart frequently waited upon customers,
+and as a child I have often chattered with him
+over the counter. He never married.</p>
+
+<p>The principal markets were Washington on the North
+River, and Fulton on the east side. The marketing was
+always done by the mistress of each house accompanied
+by a servant bearing a large basket. During the season
+small girls carried strawberries from door to door, calling
+out as they went along; and during the summer months
+hot corn, carried in closed receptacles made for the purpose,
+was sold by colored men, whose cries could be heard
+in every part of the city.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Isaac Sayre's bakery was an important shop for
+all housewives, and her homemade jumbles and pound
+cake were in great demand. Her plum cake, too, was
+exceptionally good, and it is an interesting fact that it
+was she who introduced cake in boxes for weddings. Her
+shop survived for an extraordinary number of years and,
+as far as I know, may still exist and be kept by some of
+her descendants.</p>
+
+<p>I must not omit to speak of a peculiar custom which in
+this day of grace, when there are no longer any old women,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+seems rather odd. A woman immediately after her marriage
+wore a cap made of some light material, which she
+invariably tied with strings under her chin. Most older
+women were horrified at the thought of gray hairs, and
+immediately following their appearance false fronts were
+purchased, over which caps were worn. I well recall that
+some of the most prominent women of the day concealed
+fine heads of hair in this grotesque fashion. Baldheaded
+men were not tolerated, and "scratches" or wigs provided
+the remedy. Marriage announcements were decidedly informal.
+When the proper time arrived for the world to
+be taken into the confidence of a young couple, they walked
+upon Broadway arm in arm, thus announcing that their
+marriage was imminent.</p>
+
+<p>A dinner given in my young days by my parents to
+Mr. and Mrs. William C. Rives still lingers in my memory.
+Mr. Rives had just been appointed to his second
+mission to France, and with his wife was upon the eve of
+sailing for his new post of duty. I remember that it was
+a large entertainment, but the only guests whom I recall
+in addition to the guests of honor were Mr. and Mrs.
+James A. Hamilton. He was a son of Alexander Hamilton,
+and was at the time United States District Attorney
+in New York. It seems strange, indeed, that the other
+guests should have escaped my memory, but a head-dress
+worn by Mrs. Hamilton struck my young fancy and I
+have never forgotten it. As I recall that occasion I can
+see her handsome face surmounted by a huge fluffy pink
+cap. This Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton were the parents of
+Alexander Hamilton, the third, who married Angelica,
+daughter of Maturin Livingston, and who, by the way, as
+I remember, was one of the most graceful dancers and
+noted belles of her day.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Morris, son of Robert Morris the great financier
+of the Revolution, was my father's life-long friend.
+He was an able <i>raconteur</i>, and I recall many conversa<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>tions
+relating to his early life, a portion of which had
+been spent in Paris at its celebrated Polytechnic School.
+One incident connected with his career is especially interesting.
+When the sordid Louis Philippe, then the
+Duke of Orleans, was wandering in this country, teaching
+in his native tongue "the young idea how to shoot," he
+was the guest for a time of Mr. Morris. Several years
+later when John Greig, a Scotchman and prominent
+citizen of Canandaigua, New York, was about to sail for
+France, Mr. Morris gave him a letter of introduction to
+the Duke. Upon his arrival in Havre after a lengthy
+voyage he found much to his surprise that Louis Philippe
+was comfortably seated upon the throne of France.
+Under these altered conditions he hesitated to present
+his letter, but after mature consideration sought an
+audience with the new King; and it is a pleasing commentary
+upon human nature to add that he was welcomed
+with open arms. The King had by no means forgotten
+the hospitality he had received in America, and especially
+the many favors extended by the Morris family. Mr.
+Morris's wife was Miss Sarah Kane, daughter of Colonel
+John Kane, and she was beautiful even in her declining
+years. She also possessed the wit so characteristic of the
+Kanes, who, by the way, were of Celtic origin, being descended
+from John Kane who came from Ireland in 1752.
+She was the aunt of the first De Lancey Kane, who married
+the pretty Louisa Langdon, the granddaughter of
+John Jacob Astor. Their daughter, Emily Morris, made
+frequent visits to our house. She was renowned for both
+beauty and wit. I remember seeing several verses addressed
+to her, the only lines of which I recall are as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That calm collected look,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As though her pulses beat by book.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Another intimate friend of my father was Frederick
+de Peyster, who at a later day became President of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>
+New York Historical Society. He habitually took Sunday
+tea with us, and always received a warm welcome
+from the juvenile members of the family with whom he
+was a great favorite. He was devoted to children, and
+delighted our young hearts by occasional presents of game-chickens
+which at once became family pets.</p>
+
+<p>In 1823 and 1824 my father's sympathies were deeply
+enlisted in behalf of the Greeks in their struggles for independence
+from the Turkish rule. It will be remembered
+that this was the cause to which Byron devoted his
+last energies. The public sentiment of the whole country
+was aroused to a high pitch of excitement, and meetings
+were held not only for the purpose of lending moral support
+and encouragement to the Greeks, but also for raising
+funds for their assistance. Among those to whom my
+father appealed was his friend, Rudolph Bunner, a highly
+prominent citizen of Oswego, N.Y. Although a lawyer
+he did not practice his profession, but devoted himself
+chiefly to his extensive landed estates in Oswego county.
+He was wealthy and generous, a good liver and an eloquent
+political speaker. He served one term in Congress
+where, as elsewhere, he was regarded as a man of decided
+ability. He died about 1833 at the age of nearly seventy.
+The distinguished New York lawyer, John Duer, married
+his daughter Anne, by whom he had thirteen children,
+one of whom, Anna Henrietta, married the late Pierre
+Paris Irving, a nephew of Washington Irving and at one
+time rector of the Episcopal church at New Brighton,
+Staten Island. Mr. Bunner's letter in response to my
+father's appeal is not devoid of interest, and is as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Oswego</span>, 12 Jan'y 1824.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Sir,</p>
+
+<p>Though I have not written to you yet you were not so
+soon forgotten. Nor can you so easily be erased from my
+memory as my negligence might seem to imply. In truth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>
+few persons have impressed my mind with a deeper sentiment
+of respect than yourself; you have that of open
+and frank in your character which if not in my own, is
+yet so congenial to my feelings that I shall much regret
+if my habitual indolence can lose me such a friend. Your
+request in favor of the Greeks will be hard to comply
+with. If I can be a contributor in a humble way to their
+success by my exertions here they shall not want them,
+but I fear the <i>angusta res domi</i> may press too heavily
+upon us to permit of an effectual benevolence. If you
+wanted five hundred men six feet high with sinewy arms
+and case hardened constitutions, bold spirits and daring
+adventurers who would travel upon a bushel of corn and
+a gallon of whiskey per man from the extreme point of
+the world to Constantinople we could furnish you with
+them, but I doubt whether they could raise the money to
+pay their passage from the gut of Gibraltar upwards.
+The effort however shall be made and if we can not shew
+ourselves rich we will at least manifest our good will.
+Though Greece touches few Yankee settlers thro the medium
+of classical associations yet a people struggling to
+free themselves from foreign bondage is sure to find warm
+hearts in every native of the wilderness. We admire
+your noble efforts and if we do not imitate you it is because
+our purses are as empty as a Boetian's skull is
+thick. We know so little of what is <i>really</i> projecting in
+the cabinets of Europe that we are obliged to believe implicitly
+in newspaper reports, and we are perhaps foolish
+in hoping that the Holy Alliance intends to take the Spanish
+part of the New World under their protection. In
+such an event our backwoodsmen would spring with the
+activity of squirrels to the assistance of the regenerated
+Spaniards and perhaps <i>there</i> we might fight more effectually
+the battle for universal Freedom than either at
+Thermopyl&aelig; or Marathon. There indeed we might strike
+a blow that would break up the deep foundations of despotic
+power so as that neither art or force could again
+collect and cement the scattered elements. We are too
+distant from Greece to make the Turks feel our physical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>
+strength and what we can do thro money and sympathy
+is little in comparison with what we could if they were
+so near as that we might in addition pour out the tide of
+an armed northern population to sweep their shores and
+overcome the tyrants like one of their pestilential winds.
+Nevertheless, sympathy is a wonderful power and the
+sympathy of a free nation like our own will not lose its
+moral effect. I calculate strongly on this. It is a more
+refined and rational kind of chivalry&mdash;this interest and
+activity in the fate of nations struggling to break the oppressor's
+rod, and it should be encouraged even where it
+is not directed so as to give it all adequate force. They
+who would chill it, who would reason about the why and
+the wherefore ought to recollect that such things can not
+be called forth by the art of man&mdash;they must burst spontaneously
+from his nature and be directed by his wisdom
+for the benefit of his kind.... We are all here real
+Radical Democrats and though some of us came in at the
+eleventh hour we will not go back, but on&mdash;on&mdash;on though
+certain of missing the penny fee. In truth this is the
+difference between real conviction and the calculating
+policy which takes sides according to what it conceives
+the vantage ground. A converted politician is as obstinate
+in his belief as one born in the faith. The man of
+craft changes his position according to the varying aspect
+of the political heavens. The one plays a game&mdash;the
+other sees as much of reality (or thinks he sees) in
+politicks as he does in his domestic affairs and is as earnest
+in the one as the other.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Salve&mdash;<span class='correction' title='Kai Chaire'>&#922;&#945;&#8054; &#935;&#945;&#8150;&#961;&#949;</span></p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">R. Bunner</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>8 o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>I have had a full meeting for your Greeks&mdash;and found
+my men of more mettle than I hoped for. We will do
+something thro the <i>Country</i>&mdash;We have set the Parsons
+to work and one shilling a head will make a good donation.
+We think we can give you 4 or 5 hundred
+dollars.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Bunner was over sixty years old when he went to
+live in Oswego, but he soon became identified with the
+interests of the place and added much by his activities to
+its local renown. In an undated letter to my father, he
+thus expatiates upon his situation in his adopted home,
+and paints its advantages in no uncertain colors:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I am here unquestionably an exile but I will never dispond
+at my fate nor whimper because my own folly, want
+of tact or the very malice of the times have placed me in
+Patmos when I desire a more splendid theatre. I can
+here be useful to my family&mdash;to my district. I can live
+cheaply, increase my fortune, be upon a par with the
+best of my neighbors, which I prefer to the feasts of your
+ostentatious mayor or the more real luxury of Phil Brasher's
+Table. Our population is small, our society contracted,
+but we are growing rapidly in numbers; and the
+society we have is in my opinion and to my taste fully
+equal to anything in your home. We possess men of intelligence
+without pretention, active men as Jacob Barker
+without his roguery&mdash;men whom nature intended to flourish
+at St. James, but whose fate fortune in some fit of
+prolifick humor fixed and nailed to this Sinope. We have
+however to mitigate the cold spring breezes of the lake a
+fall unrivalled in mildness and in beauty even in Italy,
+the land of poetry and passion. We have a whole lake
+in front, whose clear blue waters are without a parallel
+in Europe. We have a beautiful river brawling at our
+feet, the banks of which gently slope and when our village
+is filled I will venture to say that in point of beauty,
+health and variety of prospect it has <i>nil simile aut
+secundum</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>Our house was the rendezvous of many of the learned
+and literary men of the day, who would sit for hours in
+the library discussing congenial topics. Among others I
+well recall the celebrated jurist, Ogden Hoffman. He had
+an exceptionally melodious voice, and I have often heard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>
+him called "the silver-tongued orator." It has been asserted
+that in criminal cases a jury was rarely known to
+withstand his appeal. He married for his second wife
+Virginia E. Southard, a daughter of Judge Samuel L.
+Southard of New Jersey, who throughout Monroe's two
+administrations was Secretary of War. In the "Wealthy
+Citizens of New York," edited in 1845 by Moses Y. Beach,
+an early owner in part of <i>The New York Sun</i>, the Hoffman
+family is thus described: "Few families, for so few
+a number of persons as compose it, have cut 'a larger
+swath' or 'bigger figure' in the way of posts and preferment.
+Talent, and also public service rendered, martial
+gallantry, poetry, judicial acumen, oratory, all have their
+lustre mingled with this name." I regard this statement
+as just and truthful.</p>
+
+<p>Still another valued associate of my father was Hugh
+Maxwell, a prominent member of the New York bar. In
+his earlier life he was District Attorney and later Collector
+of the Port of New York. The Maxwells owned a pleasant
+summer residence at Nyack-on-the-Hudson, where we
+as children made occasional visits. Many years later one
+of my daughters formed an intimate friendship with Hugh
+Maxwell's granddaughter, Virginia De Lancey Kearny,
+subsequently Mrs. Ridgely Hunt, which terminated only
+with the latter's death in 1897.</p>
+
+<p>From my earliest childhood Gulian C. Verplanck was
+a frequent guest at our house. He and my father formed
+an intimacy in early manhood which lasted throughout
+life. Mr. Verplanck was graduated from Columbia College
+in 1801, the youngest Bachelor of Arts who, up to
+that time, had received a diploma from that institution of
+learning. Both he and my father found in politics an all-absorbing
+topic of conversation, especially as both of them
+took an active part in state affairs. I have many letters,
+one of them written as early as 1822, from Mr. Verplanck
+to my father bearing upon political matters in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+New York. For four terms he represented his district in
+Congress, while later he served in the State Senate and
+for many years was Vice Chancellor of the University of
+the State of New York. He was an ardent Episcopalian
+and a vestryman in old Trinity Parish. He was a brilliant
+conversationalist, and his tastes, like my father's,
+were decidedly literary. In connection with William Cullen
+Bryant and Robert C. Sands, he edited <i>The Talisman</i>,
+an annual which continued through the year 1827. Mr.
+Verplanck lived to an old age and survived my father for
+a long time, but he did not forget his old friend. Almost
+a score of years after my father's death, on the 4th of
+July, 1867, Mr. Verplanck delivered a scholarly oration
+before the Tammany Society of New York, in which he
+paid the following glowing tribute to his memory:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In those days James Campbell, for many years the Surrogate
+of this city, was a powerful leader at Tammany
+Hall, and from character and mind alone, without any
+effort or any act of popularity. He was not college-bred,
+but he was the son of a learned father, old Malcolm
+Campbell, who had been trained at Aberdeen, the great
+school of Scotch Latinity. James Campbell was, like his
+father, a good classical scholar, and he was a sound lawyer.
+He was not only an assiduous, a kind, sound and
+just magistrate, but one of unquestioned ability. In his
+days of Surrogateship, the days of universal reporting,
+either in the multitudinous volumes in white law bindings
+on the shelves of lawyers, or in the crowded columns
+of the daily papers, had not quite arrived though they
+were just at hand. Had he lived and held office a few
+years later, I do not doubt that he would have ranked
+with the great luminaries of legal science. As it is, I
+fear that James Campbell's reputation must share the
+fate of the reputations of many able and eminent men in
+all professions who can not</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i7">Look to Time's award,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Feeble tradition is their memory's guard.<br /></span>
+</div></div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The most prominent newspaper in New York in my
+early days was the <i>Courier and Enquirer</i>, edited by General
+James Watson Webb, a man of distinguished ability.
+He began his literary career by editing the <i>Morning
+Courier</i>, but as this was not a very successful venture he
+purchased the <i>New York Enquirer</i> from Mordecai Manasseh
+Noah, and in 1829 merged the two papers. Several
+leading journalists began their active careers in his
+office, among others James Gordon Bennett, subsequently
+editor of <i>The New York Herald</i>, Henry J. Raymond, the
+founder of <i>The New York Times</i>, and Charles King, father
+of Madam Kate King Waddington and Mrs. Eugene
+Schuyler, who at one time edited <i>The American</i> and subsequently
+became the honored president of Columbia College.
+James Reed Spaulding, a New Englander by birth,
+was also connected with the <i>Courier and Enquirer</i> for
+about ten years. In 1860 he became a member of the
+staff of the New York <i>World</i>, which, by the way, was
+originally intended to be a semi-religious sheet. During
+President Lincoln's administration General Webb sold the
+<i>Courier and Enquirer</i> to the <i>World</i>, and the two papers
+were consolidated. William Seward Webb of New York
+was a son of this General Webb, and the latter's daughter,
+Mrs. Catharine Louisa Benton, the widow of Colonel
+James G. Benton of the army, lived until recently in
+Washington, and is one of the pleasant reminders left me
+of the old days of my New York life.</p>
+
+<p><i>The New York Herald</i> was established some years after
+the <i>Courier and Enquirer</i> and was from the first a flourishing
+sheet. It was exceptionally spicy, and it dealt so
+much in personalities that my father, who was a gentleman
+of the old school with very conservative views, was
+not, to say the least, one of its strongest admirers. Several
+years before the Civil War, at a time when the anti-slavery
+cauldron was at its boiling point, its editor, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>
+elder James Gordon Bennett, dubbed its three journalistic
+contemporaries in New York, the World, the Flesh, and
+the Devil&mdash;the <i>World</i>, representing human life with all
+its pomps and vanities; the <i>Times</i>, as a sheet as vacillating
+as the flesh; and the <i>Tribune</i>, as the virulent champion of
+abolition, the counterpart of the Devil himself.</p>
+
+<p>During the winter of 1842 James Gordon Bennett took
+his bride, who was Miss Henrietta Agnes Crean of New
+York, to Washington on their wedding journey. As this
+season had been unusually severe, great distress prevailed,
+and a number of society women organized a charity ball
+for the relief of the destitute. It was given under the
+patronage of Mrs. Madison (the ex-President's widow),
+Mrs. Samuel L. Gouverneur (my husband's mother), Mrs.
+Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (Julia Maria Dickinson of Troy,
+New York), and other society matrons, and, as can readily
+be understood, was a financial as well as a social success.
+Tickets were eagerly sought, and Mr. Bennett applied for
+them for his wife and himself. At first he was refused,
+but after further consideration Mrs. Madison and Mrs.
+Gouverneur of the committee upon invitations granted his
+request on condition that no mention of the ball should
+appear in the columns of the <i>Herald</i>. Mr. Bennett and
+his wife accordingly attended the entertainment, where
+the latter was much admired and danced to her heart's
+content. Two days later, however, much to the chagrin
+and indignation of the managers, an extended account of
+the ball appeared in the <i>Herald</i>. This incident will be
+better appreciated when I state that at this time the personal
+mention of a woman in a newspaper was an unheard-of
+liberty. It was the old-fashioned idea that a woman's
+name should occur but twice in print, first upon the occasion
+of her marriage and subsequently upon the announcement
+of her death. My husband once remarked to me,
+upon reading a description of a dress worn by one of my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+daughters at a ball, that if such a notice had appeared in
+a newspaper in connection with his sister he or his father
+would have thrashed the editor.</p>
+
+<p>John L. O'Sullivan, a prominent literary man and in
+subsequent years minister to Portugal, edited a periodical
+called the <i>Democratic Review</i>, which was published in
+magazine form. I well recall the first appearance of
+<i>Harper's Magazine</i> in June, 1850, and that for some time
+it had but few illustrations. <i>The Evening</i> Post was established
+in 1801, many years prior to the <i>Courier and
+Enquirer</i>. It was always widely read, was democratic in
+its tone, and its editorials were highly regarded. While
+I lived in New York, and also much later, it was edited
+by William Cullen Bryant, who was as gifted as an editor
+as he was as a poet. I have before me now a reprint of
+the first issue of this paper, dated Monday, November 16,
+1801. I copy some of the advertisements, as many old
+New York names are represented:</p>
+
+<div class='blockquot2'>
+<p class='center'>FOR SALE BY HOFFMAN &amp; SETON</p>
+
+<p>
+Twelve hhds. assorted Glass Ware.<br />
+2 boxes Listadoes,<br />
+1 trunk white Kid Gloves,<br />
+200 boxes Soap &amp; Candles,<br />
+60 bales Cinnamon, entitled to drawback.<br />
+Nov. 16.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p class='center'>FREIGHT</p>
+
+<p>For Copenhagen or Hamburgh,<br />
+The bark BERKKESKOW, Capt.<br />
+Gubriel Tothammer, is ready to receive<br />
+freight for either of the above places, if application<br />
+is made to the Captain on board, at Gouverneur's<br />
+Wharf.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>GOUVERNEUR &amp; KEMBLE.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p class='center'>FOR SALE</p>
+
+<p>Gin in pipes; large and small green Bottle<br />
+Cases, complete; Glass Ware, consisting of<br />
+Tumblers, Decanters, &amp;c.; Hair Brushes, long and<br />
+short; black and blue Dutch Cloth; Flour, by</p>
+
+<p class='center'>FREDERICK DE PEYSTER.</p>
+
+<p>A STORE HOUSE in Broad-street to let, apply<br />
+as above.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov. 16.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>THE SUBSCRIBER has for sale, remaining from<br />
+the cargo of the ship Sarson, from Calcutta,<br />
+an assortment of WHITE PIECE GOODS.</p>
+
+<p>Also</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" summary="For Sale">
+<tr><td align='left'>50 tierces Rice,</td><td align='left'>60 hhds. Jamaica Rum,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>15 bales Sea-Island Cotton,</td><td align='left'>10,000 Pieces White Nankeens,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>29 tierces and 34 bls. Jamaica Coffee,</td><td align='left'>A quantity of Large Bottles in cases,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>And as usual, Old<br /> Madeira Wine, fit for immediate use.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p class='right'>ROBERT LENOX.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Possibly this word is "Election."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER III</h2>
+
+<h3>SCHOOL-DAYS AND EARLY FRIENDS</h3>
+
+
+<p>I must return to my school days. After several years
+spent at Miss Forbes's my parents decided to afford
+me greater advantages for study, and especially for
+becoming more proficient in the French language, and I
+was accordingly sent to Madame Eloise Chegaray's institution,
+which for many years was regarded as the most
+prominent girls' school in the country. It was a large
+establishment located on the corner of Houston and Mulberry
+Streets, where she accommodated boarding pupils
+as well as day scholars. Many years later this building
+was sold to the religious order of the <i>Sacre Coeur</i>. The
+school hours were from nine until three, with an intermission
+at twelve o'clock. The vacation, as at Miss Forbes's,
+was limited to the month of August. The discipline was
+not so rigid as at Miss Forbes's, as Madame Chegaray,
+who, by the way, taught her pupils to address her as
+<i>Tante</i>, governed almost entirely by affection. She possessed
+unusual grace of manner and great kindness of
+heart, and her few surviving pupils hold her name and
+memory in the highest esteem. Her early history is of
+exceptional interest. She was a daughter of Pierre Prosper
+D&eacute;sabaye, and came with her father and the other
+members of his family from Paris to New York on account
+of his straitened circumstances, caused by an insurrection
+in San Domingo, where his family owned large estates.
+Madame Chegaray commenced as a mere girl to teach
+French in a school in New Brunswick, New Jersey, kept by
+Miss Sophie Hay, and was retained on account of the extreme
+purity of her accent.</p>
+
+<p>I chance to have in my possession Madame Chegaray's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>
+own account of her early struggles after leaving Miss Hay,
+from which I take great pleasure in quoting:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Among the royal <i>&eacute;migr&eacute;s</i> to this country was the Countess
+de St. Memin who kept a school. As my brother
+Marc had removed to New York we joined him and I was
+employed as French governess in the school of Mademoiselle
+de St. Memin. But I still knew nothing but to speak
+my own native tongue. One day I was bewailing my
+ignorance in the presence of M. Felix de Beaujour, Consul
+General of France to this country.</p>
+
+<p>"Mlle. Eloise," he said, "quand on sait lire on peut
+toujours s'istruire."</p>
+
+<p>This gave me a new thought. I set seriously about
+studying. I took classes. What I was to teach on the
+morrow I studied the night before. I worked early and
+late. With the return of Louis Philippe the St. Memins
+returned to France and I became a teacher in the
+school of Madame Nau. Here I studied and taught. On
+me fell all the burden of the school while Madame Nau
+amused herself with harp and piano. For this I had only
+$150 a year. To further assist my family I knit woolen
+jackets. They were a great deal of trouble to me and I
+was very grateful to Madame Isaac Iselin, the mother of
+Mr. Adrain Iselin, who always found purchasers to give
+me excellent prices. Ah, I was young then. I thought
+that I earned that money. Now I know that it was only
+her delicate manner of doing me a service. Madame Iselin
+bought my jackets and then gave them away.</p>
+
+<p>Feeling that I was worth much to Madame Nau, and
+that I must do more to relieve my brother Marc, my
+brother Gustave having gone to sea with Captain de
+Peyster, I begged Madame Nau to give me $250. This
+she refused. Her reply, "Me navra le coeur," overwhelmed
+me. It was Saturday. I started home in great
+distress and met on the way the dear admirable Miss
+Sophy Hay to whom I told my sorrow.</p>
+
+<p>"Miss Hay," I exclaimed, "I will open a school for
+myself." She tapped me on the forehead. "Do, dear
+Eloise, and God will help you."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>How all difficulties were smoothed away! The dear
+Madame Iselin took charge of all my purchases, advancing
+the money. They were very simple, those splint chairs
+and carpets and tables, for we were simpler-minded then.
+On the 1st of May 1814 I opened my school on Greenwich
+Street with sixteen pupils. Good M. Roulet gave
+me his two wards. I received several scholars from a
+convent just closed and I had my nieces Am&eacute;line and
+Laura B&eacute;rault de St. Maurice and Clara the daughter of
+Marc [D&eacute;sabaye], who afterward married Ponty Lemoine,
+the lawyer in whose office Charles O'Conor studied.
+Thus was my school started, and I take this occasion
+to express my gratitude to those who confided in so young
+an instructress&mdash;for I was only twenty-two&mdash;the education
+of their daughters, and I pray God to bless them and
+their country....</p></div>
+
+<p>Many well-known women were educated at this school,
+and one of the first pupils was Miss Sarah Morris, the
+granddaughter of Lewis Morris, the Signer, and the
+mother of the senior Mrs. Hamilton Fish. A younger
+sister of Mrs. Fish, Christine, who many years later was
+a pupil of Madame Chegaray, and who is now Mrs. William
+Preston Griffin of New York, ministered to Madame
+Chegaray in her last illness, and told me that her parting
+words to her were, "<i>Adieu, ch&egrave;re Christine, fid&egrave;le amie.</i>"
+In spite of her extreme youth Madame Chegaray took an
+exceptionally serious view of life, even refusing to wear
+flowers in her bonnets or to sing, although she had a very
+sweet voice. She dearly loved France, but she was a
+broad-minded woman and her knowledge of American
+affairs was as great as that of her own country. She
+rounded out nearly a century of life, the greater part of
+which was devoted to others, and I pay her the highest
+tribute in my power when I say that she faced the many
+vicissitudes of life with an undaunted spirit, and bequeathed
+to her numerous pupils the inestimable boon of
+a wonderful example.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>All the teachers in Madame Chegaray's school were
+men, with the single exception of Mrs. Joseph McKee, the
+wife of a Presbyterian clergyman. Among those who
+taught were John Bigelow, who is still living in New
+York at an advanced age, and who in subsequent years
+was Secretary of State of New York and our Minister to
+France; Thatcher T. Payne; Edward G. Andrew, who
+became in the course of years a Bishop in the Methodist
+Church; Professor Robert Adrain, who taught mathematics,
+and who at the same time was one of the faculty of
+Columbia College; and Lorenzo L. da Ponte. The latter
+was a man of unusual versatility, and was especially distinguished
+as a linguist. He taught us English literature
+in such a successful manner that we regarded that study
+merely as a recreation. Mr. da Ponte was a son of Lorenzo
+da Ponte, a Venitian of great learning, who after
+coming to this country rendered such conspicuous services
+in connection with Dominick Lynch in establishing Italian
+opera in New York. He was also a professor of Italian
+for many years in Columbia College, the author of a
+book of sonnets, several works relating to the Italian
+language and of his own life, which was published in
+three volumes. Mr. Samuel Ward, a noted character of
+the day, the brother of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and who
+married Emily Astor, daughter of William B. Astor,
+wrote an interesting memoir of him. Madame Chegaray
+taught the highest classes in French. "If I had to give
+up all books but two," she was fond of saying, "I would
+choose the Gospels and La Fontaine's Fables. In one
+you have everything necessary for your spiritual life; in
+the other you have the epitome of all worldly wisdom."</p>
+
+<p>When I entered Madame Chegaray's school she had
+about a hundred pupils, a large number of whom were
+from the Southern States. How well I remember the extreme
+loyalty of the Southern girls to their native soil!
+I can close my eyes and read the opening sentence of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span>
+composition written by one of my comrades, Elodie Toutant,
+a sister of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard of the
+Confederate Army&mdash;"The South, the South, the beautiful
+South, the garden spot of the United States." This
+chivalric devotion to the soil whence they sprang apparently
+was literally breathed into my Southern school companions
+from the very beginning of their lives. Their
+loyalty possessed a fascination for me, and although I
+was born, reared and educated in a Northern State, I had
+a tender feeling for the South, which still lingers with
+me, for most of the friendships I formed at Madame Chegaray's
+were with Southern girls.</p>
+
+<p>My first day at Madame Chegaray's, like many other
+beginnings, was something of an ordeal, but it was my
+good fortune to meet almost immediately Henrietta
+Croom, a daughter of Henry B. Croom, a celebrated botanist
+of North Carolina, but who, with his family, had
+spent much of his life in Tallahassee. Many are the
+pleasant hours we spent together, but to my sorrow she
+graduated at an early age, and a few months later embarked,
+in company with her parents, a younger brother
+and sister and an aunt, Mrs. Cammack, upon a vessel
+called the <i>Home</i> for Charleston, South Carolina, where
+they had planned to make their future residence. When
+they had been several days at sea their vessel encountered
+a severe storm off Cape Hatteras, and after a brave struggle
+with the terrific elements every member of the family
+sank with the ship within a few miles of the spot where
+the Crooms had formerly lived. This occurred on the 9th
+of October, 1836. They had as fellow voyagers a brother
+of Madame Chegaray, who, with his wife and three
+children, had only just left the school to make the voyage
+to Charleston. They, too, lost their lives. Over Madame
+Chegaray's school as well as her household at once hung
+a pall, and gloom and mourning prevailed on every side;
+indeed, the whole city of New York shared in our sorrow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>
+The newspapers of the day were filled with accounts of
+this direful disaster, but there were few survivors to tell
+the tale. My late playmate, Henrietta Croom, was one
+of the most popular girls at school, possessing great attractions
+of both mind and person, and, although at the
+time she was merely a child in years, the New Year's address
+of a prominent daily newspaper of the day contained
+an extended reference to her which strongly appealed
+to my grief-stricken fancy. Though more than
+sixty years have passed I have always preserved it with
+great care in memory of the "sweet damsel" of long ago.
+The following are the lines to which I have just referred:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Dear Home! what magic trembles in the word;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each bosom's fountain at its sound is stirred,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Disgusted worldlings dream of early love<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And weary Christians turn their eyes above&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Well was't thou nam'd, fair bark, whose recent doom<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Has many a household wrapt in deepest gloom!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On earth no more those voyagers' steps shall roam<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That cast their anchor at an Heavenly "Home"!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">High beat their hearts, when first their fated prow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cut through the surge that boils above them now,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They saw in vision rapt their fatherland<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And felt once more its odorous breezes bland&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The frozen North receded from their sight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fancy's dream entranced them with delight&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oh! who can tell what pangs their soul assail'd<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When every hope of life and rescue fail'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When wild despair their throbbing bosoms wrung<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And winds and waves a doleful requiem sung?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There stood the husband whose protecting arm<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Till now had kept his lov'd ones safe from harm.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Remorseless grown, the demon of the storm<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Swept from his grasp her trembling, fragile form.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vague fear o'er children's lineaments convuls'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But selfish hands their frenzied cling repuls'd.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When death's grim aspect meets the startl'd view<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To grovelling souls fair mercy bids adieu!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thou, sweet damsel! who in girlhood's bloom<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Descended then to fill an ocean tomb<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What were <i>thy</i> thoughts, when roaring for their prey<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The foaming billows choked the watery way!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis said that souls have giv'n in parting hour<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A vast and fearful and mysterious power.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A chart pictorial of the past is made,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In which minute events are all portray'd&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One painful glance the scroll entire surveys<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And then in death the blasted eye-balls glaze&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Perchance at that dark moment when the maid<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On life's dim verge her coming doom survey'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such vision flash'd across her spirit pure,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And help'd the youthful beauty to endure.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her infant sports beneath the spreading lime,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her recent school-days, in a northern clime&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her gentle deeds&mdash;her treasur'd thoughts of love&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All plum'd her pinions for a flight above!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The Croom family owned large plantations in the South
+together with many slaves. A short time after it was
+definitely known that not a member of the family had
+survived, there was a legal contest over the estate by the
+representatives of both sides of the household, the Crooms
+and the Armisteads. Eminent members of the Southern
+bar were employed, among whom were Judge John
+McPherson Berrien of Savannah and Joseph M. White of
+Florida, often called "Florida White." After about
+twenty years of litigation the suit was decided in favor
+of the Armisteads. It seems that as young Croom, a lad
+of twelve, nearly reached the shore he was regarded as the
+survivor, and his grandmother, Mrs. Henrietta Smith of
+Newbern, North Carolina, his nearest living relative, became
+his heir. I have always understood that this hotly
+contested case has since been regarded as a judicial
+precedent.</p>
+
+<p>A few days after receiving the news of the shipwreck
+of the <i>Home</i>, I found by accident in my father's library
+an <i>&eacute;dition de luxe</i>, just published in London, of "Les
+Dames de Byron." In it was an illustration entitled
+"Leila," which bore a wonderful resemblance to my best<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>
+friend, Henrietta Croom. Beneath were the following
+lines, which seemed to suggest her history, and the coincidence
+was so apparent that I immediately committed
+them to memory, and it is from memory that I now give
+them:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She sleeps beneath the wandering wave;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! had she but an earthly grave<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This aching heart and throbbing breast<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Would seek and share her narrow rest.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She was a form of life and light<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That soon became a part of sight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And rose where'er I turned mine eye&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The morning-star of memory.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Another schoolmate and friend of mine at Madame
+Chegaray's was Josephine Habersham of Savannah, a
+daughter of Joseph Habersham and a great-granddaughter
+of General Joseph Habersham, who succeeded Timothy
+Pickering as Postmaster General during Washington's
+second term and retained the position under Adams and
+Jefferson until the latter part of 1801. She was one of
+Madame Chegaray's star pupils in music. She frequently
+made visits to my home, remaining over Saturday and
+Sunday, and delighted the family by playing in a most
+masterly manner the Italian music then in vogue. A few
+years after her return to her Southern home she married
+her cousin, William Neyle Habersham, an accomplished
+musician. For many years they lived in Savannah in the
+greatest elegance, until the Civil War came to disturb
+their tranquil dreams. Two young sons, both under
+twenty-one, laid down their lives for the Southern cause
+during that conflict. After their great sorrow music was
+their chief solace, and they delighted their friends by
+playing together on various musical instruments.</p>
+
+<p>New Orleans was represented at our school by a famous
+beauty, Catharine Alexander Chew, a daughter of
+Beverly Chew, the Collector of the Port of New Orleans,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>
+and whose wife, Miss Maria Theodosia Duer, was a sister
+of President William Alexander Duer of Columbia College.
+He and Richard Relf, cashier of the Louisiana State
+Bank, were the business partners and subsequently the
+executors of the will of Daniel Clark of the same city, and
+it was against them that the latter's daughter, Myra Clark
+Gaines, the widow of General Edmund Pendleton Gaines,
+U.S.A., fought her famous legal battles for over half a
+century. Miss Chew married Judge Thomas H. Kennedy
+of New Orleans and left many descendants. The sister
+of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Elodie Toutant,
+whom I have already mentioned, was also from Louisiana.
+She was a studious girl, and a most attractive companion.
+The original family name was Toutant, but towards the
+close of the sixteenth century the last male descendant of
+the family died, and an only surviving daughter having
+married Sieur Paix de Beauregard, the name became
+Toutant de Beauregard, the prefix <i>de</i> having subsequently
+been dropped.</p>
+
+<p>Still another friendship I formed at Madame Chegaray's
+school was with Elizabeth Clarkson Jay, which through
+life was a source of intense pleasure to me and lasted
+until her pure and gentle spirit returned to its Maker.
+She was the daughter of Peter Augustus Jay, a highly
+respected lawyer, and a granddaughter of the distinguished
+statesman, John Jay. She was a deeply religious woman,
+and died a few years ago in New York after a life consecrated
+to good works.</p>
+
+<p>One of the brightest girls in my class was Sarah Jones,
+a daughter of one of New York's most distinguished
+jurists, Chancellor Samuel Jones. She and another
+schoolmate of mine, Maria Brandegee, who lived in LeRoy
+Place, were intimate and inseparable companions. The
+mother of the latter belonged to a Creole family from
+New Orleans, named D&eacute;slonde, and was the aunt of the
+wife of John Slidell of Confederate fame. The Brande<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>gees
+were devout Roman Catholics, while the members of
+the Jones family were equally ardent Episcopalians.
+Archbishop Hughes of New York was a welcome and frequent
+visitor at the Brandegee house, where, in my
+younger days, I frequently had the pleasure of meeting
+him and listening to his attractive conversation. In this
+manner Sarah Jones also came into contact with him.
+Deeply impressed by his teachings, she followed him to the
+Cathedral, where she soon became a regular attendant. In
+the course of time she became a member of the Roman
+Catholic Church, and a few years later entered the order
+of the <i>Sacre Coeur</i>, at Manhattanville, where she eventually
+became Mother Superior and remained as such for
+many years.</p>
+
+<p>Quite a number of years ago I was the guest of the family
+of Charles O'Conor, the distinguished jurist and leader
+of the New York bar, at his handsome home at Fort Washington,
+a suburb of New York. He was the son of the
+venerable Thomas O'Conor, editor of <i>The Shamrock</i>, the
+first paper published in New York for Irish and Catholic
+readers, and also the author of a history of the second
+war with Great Britain. One afternoon Mr. O'Conor
+suggested that I should accompany him upon a drive to
+the Convent of the <i>Sacre Coeur</i> a few miles distant. He
+was anxious to confer with Madame Mary Aloysia Hardey,
+who was then Mother Superior. I was delighted to
+accept this invitation, as Mr. O'Conor was an exceptionally
+agreeable companion and his spare moments were but
+few and far between. Before reaching our destination, I
+remarked that Madame Jones, an old schoolmate of mine,
+was an inmate of this Convent, and that I should be very
+glad to see her again. Upon our arrival, Sarah Jones
+greeted me in the parlor and seemed glad to see me after
+the lapse of so many years. Leading as she was the life
+of a <i>religieuse</i>, our topics of conversation were few, but
+I noticed that she seemed interested in discussing her own<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>
+family, about whom evidently she was not well informed.
+After a brief visit and while homeward bound, Mr.
+O'Conor inquired whether Madame Jones knew that her
+father, the Chancellor, was rapidly approaching death.
+I replied that apparently she had no knowledge of his
+serious condition, and several days later I saw his death
+announced in a daily newspaper. Many years after my
+interview with Sarah Jones I met at the residence of Mrs.
+Henry R. Winthrop of New York an older sister of hers,
+Mary Anna Schuyler Jones, who at the time was the
+widow of the Reverend Dr. Samuel Seabury of the Episcopal
+Church. We lunched together, and the conversation
+naturally drifted back to other days and to my old
+schoolmate, her sister, Sarah Jones. She told me that she
+had seen but little of her in recent years, but related a
+curious episode in regard to meeting her under unusual
+circumstances. It seems that Mrs. Seabury, accompanied
+by a young daughter, was returning from a visit to Europe,
+when she noticed that the occupants of the adjoining
+state-room were unusually quiet. In time she made
+the discovery that they were nuns returning from a business
+trip abroad. Upon examination of the passenger
+list, she discovered to her astonishment that her sister,
+Madame Jones, was occupying the adjoining room. They
+met daily thereafter throughout the voyage, and afterwards
+returned to their respective homes.</p>
+
+<p>I especially remember an incident of my school-life
+which was decidedly sensational. Sally Otis, a young and
+pretty girl and a daughter of James W. Otis, then of New
+York but formerly of Boston, was in the same class with
+me. One morning we missed her from her accustomed
+seat, but during the day we learned the cause of her absence.
+The whole Otis family had been taken ill by drinking
+poisoned coffee. Upon investigation the cook reported
+that a package of coffee had been sent to the house, and,
+taking it for granted that it had been ordered by some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>
+member of the household, she had used it for breakfast.
+The whole matter was shrouded in mystery, and gossip
+was rife. One story was that a vindictive woman concentrated
+all of her malice upon a single member of the
+family against whom she had a grievance and thus endangered
+the lives of the whole Otis family. Fortunately,
+none of the cases proved fatal, but several inmates of the
+house became seriously ill.</p>
+
+<p>A few years before I entered Madame Chegaray's
+school, Virginia Scott, the oldest daughter of Major General
+Winfield Scott, enjoyed <i>Tante's</i> tutelage for a number
+of years. She was a rare combination of genius and
+beauty, and, apart from her remarkable personality, was
+a skilled linguist and an accomplished vocal and instrumental
+musician. This unusual combination of gifts suggests
+the Spanish saying: "Mira favorecida de Dios"
+("Behold one favored of God!"). Her life, however,
+was brief, though deeply interesting. In the first blush
+of womanhood she accompanied her mother and sisters to
+Europe, and, after several years spent in Paris, made a
+visit to Rome, where she immediately became imbued with
+profound religious convictions. Through the instrumentality
+of Father Pierce Connelly, a convert to Catholicism,
+she was received into the Roman Catholic Church while in
+the Holy City, and made her profession of faith in the
+Chapel of St. Ignatius, where the ceremony took place by
+the special permission of the Most Rev. John Roothan,
+General of the Jesuits. General Scott meanwhile had returned
+to the United States, having been promoted to the
+rank of Commander-in-Chief of the Army with headquarters
+in Washington. Accompanied by her mother, Virginia
+Scott returned to America and, after a short time
+spent with her parents in Washington, drove to Georgetown
+and, without their knowledge or consent, was received
+there as an inmate of the "Convent of the Visitation."
+Her family was bitterly opposed to the step, more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>
+especially her mother, whose indignation was so pronounced
+that she never to the day of her death forgave
+the Church for depriving her of her daughter's companionship.
+General Scott, however, frequently visited her
+in her cloistered home, and always manifested much consideration
+for the Convent as well as for the nuns, the
+daily companions of his daughter. Although she possessed
+a proud and imperious nature, combined with great
+personal beauty and much natural <i>hauteur</i>, she soon became
+as gentle as a lamb. She died about a year after
+entering the Convent, but she retained her deep religious
+convictions to the last. She is buried beneath the sanctuary
+in the chapel of the Georgetown Convent. In connection
+with her a few lines often come to my mind which
+seem so appropriate that I can not deny myself the pleasure
+of quoting them:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She was so fair that in the Angelic choir,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She will not need put on another shape<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than that she bore on earth.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I have heard it stated that during Virginia Scott's residence
+in Paris there existed a deep attachment between
+herself and a young gentleman of foreign birth. The
+story goes that in the course of time he became as devoted
+to his religion as he had hitherto been to the beautiful
+American, and that it was agreed between them that
+they should both consecrate themselves thereafter to the
+service of God. He accordingly entered at once upon a
+religious life. I have heard that they afterwards met at
+a service before the altar, but that there was no recognition.
+As intimate as I became with the members of the
+Scott family in subsequent years, I never heard any allusion
+to this incident in their family history, and I can
+readily understand that it was a subject upon which they
+were too sensitive to dwell.</p>
+
+<p>Father Connelly, whom I have mentioned in connection<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+with Miss Scott's conversion, began his career as an Episcopal
+clergyman. There was a barrier to his becoming a
+Roman Catholic priest, as he was married; but his wife
+soon shared in his religious ardor, and when he entered
+the priesthood she became a nun. He lacked stability,
+however, in his religious views, and was subsequently received
+again into the Episcopal Church. It was his desire
+that his wife should at once join him but she refused
+to leave the Convent, and she finally became the founder
+of the Order of the "Sisters of the Holy Child." I have
+heard that he took legal measures to obtain possession of
+her, but if so he was unsuccessful in his efforts.</p>
+
+<p>Another one of Madame Chegaray's distinguished
+pupils was Martha Pierce of Louisville. As she attended
+this school some years before I entered, I knew of her in
+these days only by reputation. But some years later I
+had the pleasure of knowing her quite intimately, when
+she talked very freely with me in regard to her eventful
+life. She told me that upon a certain occasion in the
+days when women rarely traveled alone she was returning
+to Kentucky under the care of Henry Clay, and
+stopped in Washington long enough to visit the Capitol.
+Upon its steps she was introduced to Robert Craig Stanard
+of Richmond, upon whom she apparently made a deep
+impression, for one year later the handsome young Southerner
+carried the Kentucky girl, at the age of sixteen,
+back to Virginia as his bride. During her long life in
+Richmond her home, now the Westmoreland Club, was a
+notable <i>salon</i>, where the <i>beaux esprits</i> of the South gathered.
+She survived Mr. Stanard many years. Beautiful,
+even in old age, gifted and cultivated, her attractions of
+face and intellect paled before her inexpressible charm
+of manner. She traveled much abroad and especially in
+England. A prominent Kentuckian once told me that he
+heard Washington Irving say that Mrs. Stanard received
+more attention and admiration in the highest circles of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>
+English society than any other American woman he had
+ever known. She corresponded for many years with
+Thackeray, the Duke of Wellington and many other
+prominent Englishmen, and in her own country was
+equally distinguished. In the course of one of our numerous
+conversations she told me that after the death of
+Edward Everett she loaned his biographer the letters she
+had received from that distinguished orator. During the
+latter part of her life she gave up her house in Richmond
+and came to Washington to reside, where she remained
+until the end of her life. She left no descendants. Her
+husband's mother, Jane Stith Craig, daughter of Adam
+Craig of Richmond, was immortalized by Edgar Allan
+Poe, who, fictitiously naming her "Helen," paid feeling
+tribute to her charms in those beautiful verses commencing:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Helen, thy beauty is to me<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Like those Nicean barks of yore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The weary, way-worn wanderer bore<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">To his own native shore.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Among my other schoolmates at Madame Chegaray's
+were Susan Maria Clarkson de Peyster, a daughter of
+James Ferguson de Peyster, who subsequently married
+Robert Edward Livingston; Margaret Masters, a daughter
+of Judge Josiah Masters of Troy, New York, and the
+wife of John W. King; Virginia Beverly Wood, a daughter
+of Silas Wood of New York, who became the wife of
+John Leverett Rogers; and Elizabeth MacNiel, daughter
+of General John MacNiel of the Army and wife of General
+Henry W. Benham of the U.S. Engineer Corps.</p>
+
+<p>After a number of years spent in teaching, Madame
+Chegaray gave up her New York school and moved to
+Madison, New Jersey (at one time called Bottle Hill),
+with the intention of spending the remainder of her life<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>
+in retirement; but she was doomed to disappointment.
+Discovering almost immediately that through a relative
+her affairs had become deeply involved, she with undaunted
+courage at once opened a school in Madison in
+the house which she had purchased with the view of
+spending there the declining years of her life. Previous
+to this time I had been one of her day scholars; I entered
+the second school as a boarding pupil. Once a week we
+were driven three miles to Morristown to attend church.
+I recall an amusing incident connected with this weekly
+visit to that place. One Sunday a fellow boarder, thinking
+that perhaps she might find some leisure before the
+service to perfect herself in her lesson for the following
+day, thoughtlessly took along with her a volume of French
+plays by Voltaire. During the service someone in a near
+pew observed the author's name upon the book, and forthwith
+the Morristown populace was startled to hear that
+among Madame Chegaray's pupils was a follower of the
+noted infidel. It took some time to convince the public
+that this book was carried to church by my schoolmate
+without her teacher's knowledge; and the girl was horrified
+to learn that she was unintentionally to blame for a
+new local scandal. While I was at Madame Chegaray's
+I owned a schoolbook entitled "Shelley, Coleridge and
+Keats." I brought it home with me one day, but my
+father took it away from me and, as I learned later, burned
+it, owing to his detestation of Shelley's moral character.
+On one occasion he quoted in court some extracts from
+Shelley as illustrative of the poet's character, but I cannot
+recall the passage.</p>
+
+<p>After two years spent in Madison, Madame Chegaray
+returned to New York and reopened her school on the
+corner of Union Square and Fifteenth Street in three
+houses built for her by Samuel B. Ruggles. At that time
+the omnibuses had been running only to Fourteenth
+Street, but, out of courtesy to this noble woman, their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+route was extended to Fifteenth Street, where a lamp for
+the same reason was placed by the city. Madame Chegaray
+taught here for many years, but finally moved to 78
+Madison Avenue, where she remained until, on account of
+old age, she was obliged to give up her teaching.</p>
+
+<p>While I was still attending Madame Chegaray's school,
+my father, under the impression that I was not quite as
+proficient in mathematics and astronomy as it was his desire
+and ambition that I should be, employed Professor
+Robert Adrian of Columbia College to give me private instruction
+in my own home. Under his able tuition, I particularly
+enjoyed traversing the firmament. I was always
+faithful to the planet Venus, whose beauty was to me then,
+as now, a constant delight. In those youthful days my
+proprietorship in this heavenly body seemed to me as well
+established as in a Fifth Avenue lot, and was quite as tangible.
+I regarded myself in the light of an individual
+proprietor, and, like Alexander Selkirk in his far away
+island of the sea, my right to this celestial domain there
+was none to dispute.</p>
+
+<p>After the flight of so many years, and in view, also, of
+the fact that sometimes the world seems to us older women
+to be almost turned upside down, it may not be uninteresting
+to speak of some of the books which were familiar
+to me during my school days. One of the first I
+ever read was "Clarissa Harlowe" by Samuel Richardson.
+"Cecilia," by Frances Burney, was another well-known
+book of the day. Mrs. Amelia Opie was also a
+popular authoress, and her novel entitled "White Lies"
+should, in my opinion, grace every library. Miss Maria
+Edgeworth and Mrs. Ann Eliza Bray, the latter of whom
+so graphically depicted the higher phases of English life,
+were popular authoresses in my earlier days in New
+York. Many years later some of the books I have mentioned
+were republished by the Harpers. "Gil Blas,"
+whose author, Le Sage, was the skilful delineator of hu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>man
+nature, its attributes and its frailties, was much
+read, and, in my long journey through life, certain portions
+of this book have often been recalled to me by my
+many and varied experiences. I must not fail to speak
+of the "Children of the Abbey," by Regina M. Roche,
+where the fascinations of Lord Leicester are so vividly
+portrayed; nor of another book entitled "The Three
+Spaniards," by George Walker, which used to strike terror
+to my unsophisticated soul.</p>
+
+<p>When Madame Chegaray retired temporarily from her
+school life and moved to Madison in New Jersey, Charles
+Canda, who had taught drawing for her, established a
+school of his own in New York which became very prominent.
+He had an attractive young daughter, who met
+with a most heartrending end. On her way to a ball, in
+company with one of her girl friends, Charlotte Canda
+was thrown from her carriage, and when picked up her
+life was extinct. As there were no injuries found upon
+her body, it was generally supposed that the shock brought
+on an attack of heart-failure. Subsequently the disconsolate
+parents ordered from Italy a monument costing a
+fabulous sum of money for those days, which was placed
+over the grave of their only daughter in Greenwood Cemetery,
+where it still continues to command the admiration
+of sightseers. This tragic incident occurred in February,
+1845, on the eve of the victim's seventeenth
+birthday.</p>
+
+<p>While Madame Chegaray was my teacher there was a
+charming French society in New York, her house being
+the rendezvous of this interesting social circle. I recall
+with much pleasure the names of Boisseau, Trudeau,
+Boisaubin, Thebaud and Brugiere. Madame Chegaray's
+sister, Caroline, together with her husband, Charles B&eacute;rault,
+who taught dancing, and their three daughters,
+resided with her. The oldest, Madame Vincente Rose
+Am&eacute;line (Madame George R. A. Chaulet), taught music<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+for her aunt; the second niece, Marie-Louise Jos&eacute;phine
+Laure, married Joseph U. F. d'Hervilly, a Frenchman,
+and in after life established a school in Philadelphia
+which she named Chegaray Institute; while the youngest,
+Pauline, married a gentleman from Cuba, named de Ruiz,
+and now resides in Paris.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER IV</h2>
+
+<h3>LIFE AND EXPERIENCES IN THE METROPOLIS</h3>
+
+
+<p>My health was somewhat impaired by an attack
+of chills and fever while I was still a pupil
+at Madame Chegaray's school. Long Island was
+especially affected with this malady, and even certain locations
+on the Hudson were on this account regarded with
+disfavor. In subsequent years, when the building operations
+of the Hudson River railroad cut off the water in
+many places and formed stagnant pools, it became much
+worse. As I began to convalesce, Dr. John W. Francis
+prescribed a change of air, and I was accordingly sent to
+Saratoga to be under the care of my friend, Mrs. Richard
+Armistead of North Carolina. A few days after my arrival
+we were joined by Mrs. De Witt Clinton and her attractive
+step-daughter, Julia Clinton. The United States
+Hotel, where we stayed, was thronged with visitors, but as
+I was only a young girl my observation of social life was
+naturally limited and I knew but few persons. Mrs. Clinton
+was a granddaughter of Philip Livingston, the Signer,
+and married at a mature age. She had a natural and
+most profound admiration for the memory of her illustrious
+husband, whom I have heard her describe as "a prince
+among men," and she cherished an undying resentment
+for any of his political antagonists.</p>
+
+<p>While we were still at the United States Hotel, Martin
+Van Buren, at that time President of the United States,
+arrived in Saratoga and sojourned at the same hotel with
+us. His visit made an indelible impression upon my memory
+owing to a highly sensational incident. During the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>
+evening of the President's arrival Mrs. Clinton was
+promenading in the large parlor of the hotel, leaning upon
+the arm of the Portuguese <i>Charg&eacute; d'Affaires</i>, Senhor Joaquim
+Cesar de Figani&egrave;re, when Mr. Van Buren espying
+her advanced with his usual suavity of manner to meet
+her. With a smile upon his face, he extended his hand,
+whereupon Mrs. Clinton immediately turned her back and
+compelled her escort to imitate her, apparently ignoring
+the fact that he was a foreign diplomat and that his
+conduct might subsequently be resented by the authorities
+in Washington. This incident, occurring as it did in
+a crowded room, was observed by many of the guests and
+naturally created much comment. In talking over the incident
+the next day Mrs. Clinton told me she was under
+the impression that Mr. Van Buren clearly understood her
+feelings in regard to him, as some years previous, when
+he and General Andrew Jackson called upon her together,
+she had declined to see him, although Jackson had been
+admitted. This act was characteristic of the woman. It
+was the expression of a resentment which she had harbored
+against Mr. Van Buren for years and which she was only
+abiding her time to display. I was standing at Mrs. Clinton's
+side during this dramatic episode, and to my youthful
+fancy she seemed, indeed, a heroine!</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Clinton was a social leader in Gotham before the
+days of the <i>nouveaux riches</i>, and her sway was that of an
+autocrat. Her presence was in every way imposing. She
+possessed many charming characteristics and was in more
+respects than one an uncrowned queen, retaining her wonderful
+tact and social power until the day of her death.
+I love to dwell upon Mrs. Clinton because, apart from her
+remarkable personal characteristics, she was the friend of
+my earlier life. Possessed as she was of many eccentricities,
+her excellencies far counterbalanced them. Of the
+latter, I recall especially the unusual ability and care she
+displayed in housekeeping, which at that time was regarded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>
+as an accomplishment in which every woman took particular
+pride. To be still more specific, she apparently had
+a much greater horror of dirt than the average housewife,
+and carried her antipathy to such an extent that she tolerated
+but few fires in her University Place establishment
+in New York, as she seriously objected to the uncleanness
+caused by the dust and ashes! No matter how cold her
+house nor how frigid the day, she never seemed to suffer
+but, on the contrary, complained that her home was overheated.
+Her guests frequently commented upon "the nipping
+and eager air" which Shakespeare's Horatio speaks
+of, but it made no apparent impression upon their hostess.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Clinton's articulation was affected by a slight stammer,
+which, in my opinion, but added piquancy to her
+epigrammatic sayings. She once remarked to me, "I shall
+never be c-c-cold until I'm dead." An impulse took possession
+of me which somehow, in spite of the great difference
+in our ages, I seemed unable to resist, and I retorted,
+"We are not all assured of our temperatures at that period."
+She regarded me for a few moments with unfeigned
+astonishment, but said nothing. I did not suffer for my
+temerity at that moment, but later I was chagrined to
+learn she had remarked that I was the most impertinent
+girl she had ever known. I remember that upon another
+occasion she told me that one of Governor Clinton's grandchildren,
+Augusta Clinton, was about to leave school at a
+very early age. "Doesn't she intend to finish her education?"
+I inquired. "No," was the quick and emphatic
+but stuttering reply, "she's had sufficient education. I
+was at school only two months, and I'm sure I'm smart
+enough." Her niece, Margaret Gelston, who was present
+and was remarkable for her clear wits, retorted: "Only
+think how much smarter you'd have been if you had remained
+longer." In an angry tone Mrs. Clinton replied,
+"I don't want to be any smarter, I'm smart enough."</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Clinton's two nieces, the Misses Mary and Mar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>garet
+Gelston, were among my earliest and most intimate
+friends. They occupied a prominent social position in
+New York and both were well known for their unusual
+intellectuality. They were daughters of Maltby Gelston,
+President of the Manhattan Bank, and granddaughters of
+David Gelston, who was appointed Collector of the Port
+of New York by Jefferson and retained that position for
+twenty years. Late in life Mary Gelston married Henry
+R. Winthrop of New York. She died a few years ago
+leaving an immense estate to Princeton Theological Seminary.
+"I pray," reads her will, "that the Trustees of
+this Institution may make such use of this bequest as that
+the extension of the Church of Christ on earth and the
+glory of God may be promoted thereby." In the same
+instrument she adds: "As a similar bequest would have
+been made by my deceased sister, Margaret L. Gelston,
+had she survived me, I desire that the said Trustees
+should regard it as given jointly by my said sister and
+by me." Some distant relatives, thinking that her money
+could be more satisfactorily employed than in the manner
+indicated, contested the will, and the Seminary finally received,
+as the result of a compromise, between $1,600,000
+and $1,700,000.</p>
+
+<p>One of my earliest recollections is of John Jacob Astor,
+a feeble old man descending the doorsteps of his home
+on Broadway near Houston Street to enter his carriage.
+His house was exceedingly plain and was one of a row
+owned by him. His son, William Backhouse Astor, who
+married a daughter of General John Armstrong, Secretary
+of War under President Madison, during at least a portion
+of his father's life lived in a fine house on Lafayette
+Place. I have attended evening parties there that were
+exceedingly simple in character, and at which Mrs. Astor
+was always plainly dressed and wore no jewels. I have
+a very distinct recollection of one of these parties owing
+to a ludicrous incident connected with myself. My mother<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>
+was a woman of decidedly domestic tastes, whose whole
+life was so immersed in her large family of children that
+she never allowed an event of a social character to interfere
+with what she regarded as her household or maternal
+duties. We older children were therefore much thrown
+upon our own resources from a social point of view, and
+when I grew into womanhood and entered society I was
+usually accompanied to entertainments by my father.
+Sometimes, however, I went with my lifelong friend, Margaret
+Tillotson Kemble, a daughter of William Kemble,
+of whom I shall speak hereafter. Upon this particular
+occasion I had gone early in the day to the Kembles preparatory
+to spending the night there, with the intention
+of attending a ball at the Astors'. Having dined, supped,
+and dressed myself for the occasion, in company with
+Miss Kemble and her father I reached the Astor residence,
+where I found on the doorstep an Irish maid from my
+own home awaiting my arrival. In her hand she held an
+exquisite bouquet of pink and white japonicas which had
+been sent to me by John Still Winthrop, the <i>fianc&eacute;</i> of
+Susan Armistead, another of my intimate friends. The
+bouquet had arrived just after my departure from home
+and, quite unknown to my family, the Irish maid out of
+the goodness of her heart had taken it upon herself to see
+that it was placed in my hands. I learned later that,
+much to the amusement of many of the guests, she had
+been awaiting my arrival for several hours. It seems
+almost needless to add that I carried my flowers throughout
+the evening with much girlish pride and pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>Among the guests at this ball was Mrs. Francis R.
+Boreel, the young and beautiful daughter of Mr. and Mrs.
+Walter Langdon, who wore in her dark hair a diamond
+necklace, a recent gift from her grandfather, John Jacob
+Astor. It was currently rumored at the time that it cost
+twenty thousand dollars, which was then a very large
+amount to invest in a single article of that character.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>
+Mrs. Langdon's two other daughters were Mrs. Matthew
+Wilks, who married abroad and spent her life there, and
+the first Mrs. De Lancey Kane, who made a runaway
+match, and both of whom left descendants in New York.
+All three women were celebrated for their beauty, but Mrs.
+Boreel was usually regarded as the handsomest of the
+trio. Mrs. Walter Langdon was Dorothea Astor, a daughter
+of John Jacob Astor, and her husband was a grandson
+of Judge John Langdon of New Hampshire, who
+equipped Stark's regiment for the battle of Bennington,
+and who for twelve years was a member of the United
+States Senate and was present as President <i>pro tempore</i>
+of that body at the first inauguration of Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Another society woman whose presence at this ball I
+recall, and without whom no entertainment was regarded
+as complete, was Mrs. Charles Augustus Davis, wife of the
+author of the well-known "Jack Downing Letters." Indeed,
+the name "Jack Downing" seemed so much a part
+of the Davis family that in after years I have often heard
+Mrs. Davis called "Mrs. Jack Downing." The Davises
+had a handsome daughter who married a gentleman of
+French descent, but neither of them long survived the
+marriage.</p>
+
+<p>In an old newspaper of 1807 I came across the following
+marriage notice, which was the first Astor wedding to
+occur in this country:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Bentzon&mdash;Astor.</span> Married, on Monday morning, the
+14th ult. [September], by the Rev. Mr. [Ralph] Williston,
+Adrian B. Bentzon, Esq., of the Isle of St. Croix, to Miss
+Magdalen Astor, daughter of John Jacob Astor of this
+city.</p></div>
+
+<p>It was while on a cruise among the West Indies that
+Miss Astor met Mr. Bentzon, a Danish gentleman of good
+family but moderate fortune. In the early part of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+last century many ambitious foreigners went to that part
+of the world with the intention of making their fortunes.</p>
+
+<p>Another daughter of John Jacob Astor, Eliza, married
+Count Vincent Rumpff, who was for some years Minister
+at the Court of the Tuileries from the Hanseatic towns
+of Germany. She was well known through life, and long
+remembered after death, for her symmetrical Christian
+character. One of her writings, entitled "Transplanted
+Flowers," has been published in conjunction with one of
+the Duchesse de Broglie, daughter of Madame de Sta&euml;l,
+with whom she was intimately associated in her Christian
+works.</p>
+
+<p>Henry Astor, the brother of John Jacob Astor, was the
+first of the family to come to America. I am able to state,
+upon the authority of the late Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector
+of Trinity church in New York, and a life-long friend
+of the whole Astor connection, that he was a private in a
+Hessian regiment that fought against our colonies in the
+Revolutionary War. After its close he decided to remain
+in New York where he entered the employment of a butcher
+in the old Oswego market. He subsequently embarked
+upon more ambitious enterprises, became a highly successful
+business man and at his death left a large fortune to
+his childless widow. Dr. Dix has stated that it was probably
+through him that the younger brother came to this
+country. However this may be, John Jacob Astor sailed
+for America as a steerage passenger in a ship commanded
+by Capt. Jacob Stout and arrived in Baltimore in January,
+1784. He subsequently went to New York, where he
+spent his first night in the house of George Dieterich, a
+fellow countryman whom he had known in Germany and
+by whom he was now employed to peddle cakes. After
+remaining in his employ for a time and accumulating a
+little money he hired a store of his own where he sold
+toys and German knickknacks. He afterwards added<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>
+skins and even musical instruments to his stock in trade,
+as will appear from the following in <i>The Daily Advertiser</i>
+of New York, of the 2d of January, 1789, and following
+issues:</p>
+
+<div class='blockquot'>
+<p class='adcenter'>J. Jacob Astor,<br />
+At No. 81, Queen-street,<br />
+Next door but one to the Friends Meeting-House,<br />
+Has for sale an assortment of<br />
+Piano fortes, of the newest construction,</p>
+<p class='adleft'>Made by the best makers in London, which he will sell on<br />
+reasonable terms.<br />
+He gives Cash for all kinds of FURS:<br />
+And has for sale a quantity of Canada Beaver, and<br />
+Beaver Coating, Racoon Skins, and Racoon Blankets,<br />
+Muskrat Skins, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It would seem that these Astor pianos were manufactured
+in London and that George Astor, an elder
+brother of John Jacob Astor, was associated with the
+latter in their sale. Indeed, one of them, formerly
+owned by the Clinton family and now in Washington's
+Headquarters in Newburgh, bears the name of "Geo.
+Astor &amp; Co., Cornhill, London;" while still another in
+my immediate neighborhood in Washington has the inscription
+of "Astor and Camp, 79 Cornhill, London."
+Their octaves were few in number, and a pupil of Chopin
+would have regarded them with scorn; but upon these
+little spindle-legged affairs a duet could be performed.
+My first knowledge of instrumental music was derived
+from one of these pianos, and among the earliest recollections
+of my childhood is that of hearing my three maiden
+aunts, my father's sisters, playing in turn the inspiring
+Scotch airs upon the Astor piano that stood in their
+drawing-room. One of their songs was especially inimical
+to cloistered life and it, too, was possibly of Scotch origin.
+I am unable to recall its exact words, but its refrain ran
+as follows:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I will not be a nun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I can not be a nun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I shall not be a nun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'm so fond of pleasure<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'll not be a nun.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I own an original letter written by John Jacob Astor
+from New York on the 26th of April, 1826, addressed to
+ex-President James Monroe, my husband's grandfather,
+which I regard as interesting on account of its quaint
+style:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Dear Sir,</p>
+
+<p>Permit me to congratulate you on your Honourable retirement
+[from public life] for which I most sincerely
+wish you may enjoy that Peace and Tranquility to which
+you are so justly entitled.</p>
+
+<p>Without wishing to cause you any Inconveniency [sic]
+on account of the loan which I so long since made to you
+I would be glad if you would put it in a train of sittlelment
+[sic] if not the whole let it be a part with the interest
+Due.</p>
+
+<p>I hope Dear Sir that you and Mrs. Monroe enjoy the
+best of health and that you may live many years to wittness
+[sic] the Prosperity of the country to which you have
+so generously contributed.</p>
+
+<p>I am most Respectfully Dear Sir your obed S. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. J. Astor.</span></p>
+
+<p>The Honble James Monroe.</p></div>
+
+<p>It may here be stated that Mr. Astor's solicitude concerning
+Mr. Monroe's financial obligation was duly relieved,
+and that the debt was paid in full.</p>
+
+<p>John Jacob Astor's numerous descendants can lay this
+"flattering unction" to their souls, that every dollar of his
+vast wealth was accumulated through thrift while leading
+an upright life.</p>
+
+<p>An old-fashioned stage coach in my early days ran between
+New York and Harlem, but the fashionable drive<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>
+was on the west side of the city along what was then called
+the "Bloomingdale Road." Many fashionable New Yorkers
+owned and occupied handsome country seats along this
+route, and closed their city homes for a period during the
+heated term. I recall with pleasure the home of the Prussian
+Consul General and Mrs. John William Schmidt, and
+especially their attractive daughters. Mr. Schmidt, who
+came to this country as a bachelor, married Miss Eliza
+Ann Bache of New York. Quite a number of years subsequent
+to this event, before they had children of their
+own, they adopted a little girl whom they named Julia and
+whom I knew very well in my early girlhood. As equestrian
+exercise was popular in New York at that time, many
+of the young men and women riding on the Bloomingdale
+Road would stop at the Schmidts' hospitable home, rest
+their horses and enjoy a pleasing half-hour's conversation
+with the daughters of the household. Among the fair
+riders was Mary Tallmadge, a famous beauty and a daughter
+of General James Tallmadge. During her early life
+and at a period when visits abroad were few and far between,
+her father accompanied her to Europe. During
+her travels on the continent she visited St. Petersburg,
+where her beauty created a great sensation. While there
+the Emperor Nicholas I. presented her with a handsome
+India shawl. She returned to America, married
+Philip S. Van Rensselaer, a son of the old Patroon,
+and lived for many years on Washington Square in
+New York.</p>
+
+<p>Alexander Hamilton and family also owned and occupied
+a house in this charming suburb called "The
+Grange." It was subsequently occupied by Herman
+Thorne, who had married Miss Jane Mary Jauncey, a
+wealthy heiress of New York. He lived in this house
+only a few years when he went with his wife to reside in
+Paris during the reign of Louis Philippe. Mr. Thorne
+became the most prominent American resident there and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+excited the envy of many of his countrymen by his lavish
+expenditure of money. His daughters made foreign
+matrimonial alliances. He was originally from Schenectady,
+for a time was a purser in the U.S. Navy, and was
+remarkable for his handsome presence and courtly
+bearing.</p>
+
+<p>Jacob Lorillard lived in a handsome house in Manhattanville,
+a short distance from the Bloomingdale Road.
+He began life, first as an apprentice and then as a proprietor,
+in the tanning and hide business, and his tannery
+was on Pearl Street. He then, with his brothers, embarked
+in the manufacture and sale of snuff and tobacco,
+in which, as is well known, he amassed an immense fortune.
+My earliest recollection of the family is in the days
+of its great prosperity. One of Mr. Lorillard's daughters,
+Julia, who married Daniel Edgar, I knew very well,
+and I recall a visit I once made her in her beautiful home,
+where I also attended her wedding a few years later. At
+this time her mother was a widow, and shortly after the
+marriage the place was sold to the Catholic order of the
+<i>Sacre Coeur</i>. Mrs. Jacob Lorillard was a daughter of the
+Rev. Doctor Johann Christoff Kunze, professor of Oriental
+Languages in Columbia College.</p>
+
+<p>Many years ago the wags of London exhausted their
+wits in fittingly characterizing and ridiculing the numerous
+equipages of a London manufacturer of snuff and tobacco.
+One couplet suggestive of the manner in which
+this vast wealth was acquired, was</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Who would have thought it<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That Noses had bought it.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The suitor of the daughter of this wealthy Englishman
+was appropriately dubbed "Up to Snuff." Alas,
+this ancestral and aristocratic luxury of snuff departed
+many years ago, but succeeding generations have been
+"up to snuff" in many other ways. The gold snuff-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>box
+frequently studded with gems which I remember so
+well in days gone by and especially at the home Gouverneur
+Kemble in Cold Spring, where it was passed
+around and freely used by both men and women, now
+commands no respect except as an ancestral curio. Dryden,
+Dean Swift, Pope, Addison, Lord Chesterfield, Dr.
+Johnson, Garrick, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Keats, Charles
+Lamb, Gibbon, Walter Scott and Darwin were among the
+prominent worshipers of the snuff-box and its contents,
+while some of them indulged in the habit to the degree of
+intemperance. In describing his manner of using the
+snuff-box Gibbon wrote: "I drew my snuff-box, rapped it,
+took snuff twice, and continued my discourse in my usual
+attitude of my body bent forwards, and my fore-finger
+stretched out;" and Boswell wrote in its praise:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh, snuff! our fashionable end and aim&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Strasburgh, Rappe, Dutch, Scotch&mdash;whate'er thy name!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Powder celestial! quintessence divine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">New joys entrance my soul while thou art mine;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who takes? who takes thee not? Where'er I range<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I smell thy sweets from Pall Mall to the 'Change.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>While the spirit of patriotism was as prevalent in early
+New York as it is now, it seems to me that it was somewhat
+less demonstrative. The 4th of July, however, was
+anticipated by the youngsters of the day with the greatest
+eagerness and pleasure. It was the habit of my father,
+for many years, to take us children early in the morning
+to the City Hall to attend the official observances of the
+day, an experience which we naturally regarded as a great
+privilege. Booths were temporarily erected all along the
+pavement in front of the City Hall, where substantial
+food was displayed and sold to the crowds collected to assist
+in celebrating the day. About noon several military
+companies arrived upon the scene and took their positions
+in the park, where, after a number of interesting man<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>euvers,
+a salute was fired which was terrifying to my
+youthful nerves. Small boys, then as now, provided themselves
+with pistols, and human life was occasionally sacrificed
+to patriotic ardor, although I never remember hearing
+of cases of lockjaw resulting from such accidents, as
+is so frequently the case at present. Firecrackers and
+torpedoes were then in vogue, but skyrockets and more
+elaborate fireworks had not then come into general use.
+I do not recall that the national flag was especially prominent
+upon the "glorious fourth," and it is my impression
+that this insignia of patriotism was not universally displayed
+upon patriotic occasions until the Civil War.</p>
+
+<p>The musical world of New York lay dormant until about
+the year 1825, when Dominick Lynch, much to the delight
+of the cultivated classes, introduced the Italian
+Opera. Through his instrumentality Madame Malibran,
+her father, Signor Garcia, and her brother, Manuel Garcia,
+who by the way died abroad in 1906, nearly ninety-nine
+years of age, came to this country and remained for quite
+a period. I have heard many sad traditions regarding
+Malibran, whose name is certainly immortal in the annals
+of the musical world. Mr. Lynch was the social leader
+of his day in New York, was &aelig;sthetic in his tastes, and possessed
+a highly cultivated voice. He frequently sang the
+beautiful old ballads so much in vogue at that period. I
+have heard through Mrs. Samuel L. Hinckley, an old friend
+of mine, who remembered the incident, that during a visit
+to Boston when he sang Tom Moore's pathetic ballad,
+"Oft in the Stilly Night," there was scarcely a dry eye
+in the room. In referring to the introduction of the Italian
+Opera into this country Dr. John W. Francis in his
+"Old New York" thus speaks of Dominick Lynch: "For
+this advantageous accession to the resources of mental
+gratification, we were indebted to the taste and refinement
+of Dominick Lynch, the liberality of the manager of the
+Park Theater, Stephen Price, and the distinguished rep<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>utation
+of the Venetian, Lorenzo Da Ponte. Lynch, a
+native of New York, was the acknowledged head of the
+fashionable and festive board, a gentleman of the ton
+and a melodist of great powers and of exquisite taste; he
+had long striven to enhance the character of our music;
+he was the master of English song, but he felt, from his
+close cultivation of music and his knowledge of the genius
+of his countrymen, that much was wanting, and that more
+could be accomplished, and he sought out, while in Europe,
+an Italian <i>troupe</i>, which his persuasive eloquence
+and the liberal spirit of Price led to embark for our shores
+where they arrived in November, 1825." Stephen Price
+here referred to by Dr. Francis was the manager of the
+old Park Theater. Dominick Lynch's grandson, Nicholas
+Luquer, who with his charming wife, formerly Miss Helen
+K. Shelton of New York, resides in Washington, and his
+son, Lynch Luquer, inherit the musical ability of their
+ancestor.</p>
+
+<p>The great actors of the day performed in the Park Theater.
+I also vividly remember the Bowery Theater, as well
+as in subsequent years Burton's Theater in Chambers
+Street and the Astor Place Theater. When William C.
+Macready, the great English actor, was performing in the
+latter in 1849 a riot occurred caused by the jealousy existing
+between him and his American rival, Edwin Forrest.
+Forrest had not been well received in England owing, as
+he believed, to the unfriendly influence of Macready.
+While the latter was considered by many the better actor,
+Forrest was exceptionally popular with a certain class of
+people in New York whose sympathies were easily enlisted
+and whose passions were readily aroused. During the evening
+referred to, while Macready was acting in the <i>r&ocirc;le</i> of
+Macbeth, a determined mob attacked the theater, and the
+riot was not quelled until after a bitter struggle, in which
+the police and the military were engaged, and during
+which twenty-one were killed and thirty-three wounded.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In consequence of this unfortunate rivalry and its
+bloody results, Forrest became morbid, and his domestic
+infelicities that followed served to still further embitter
+his life. In 1850 his wife instituted proceedings for divorce
+in the Superior Court of the City of New York, and
+the trial was protracted for two years. She was represented
+by the eminent jurist, Charles O'Conor, while Forrest
+employed "Prince" John Van Buren, son of the ex-President.
+The legal struggle was one of the most celebrated
+in the annals of the New York bar. There was
+abundant evidence of moral delinquency on the part of
+both parties to the suit, but the verdict was in favor of
+Mrs. Forrest. She was the daughter of John Sinclair,
+formerly a drummer in the English army and subsequently
+a professional singer. James Gordon Bennett said of her
+in the <i>Herald</i> that "being born and schooled in turmoil
+and dissipation and reared in constant excitement she
+could not live without it."</p>
+
+<p>I have heard it said that one day John Van Buren was
+asked by a disgruntled friend at the close of a hotly contested
+suit whether there was any case so vile or disreputable
+that he would refuse to act as counsel for the
+accused. The quick response was: "I must first know the
+circumstances of the case; but what have you been doing?"
+Dr. Valentine Mott, who for many years was a
+resident of Paris, gave a fancy-dress ball in New York in
+honor of the Prince de Joinville, son of Louis Philippe.
+At this entertainment John Van Buren appeared in the
+usual evening dress with a red sash tied around his waist.
+Much to the amusement of the guests whom he met, his
+salutation was: "Would you know me?" It will be remembered
+that he was familiarly called "Prince John,"
+owing to the fact that he had once danced with Queen Victoria
+prior to her ascension to the throne. One day Van
+Buren met on the street James T. Brady, a lawyer of
+equal ability and wit, who had recently returned from a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>
+visit to England. In a most patronizing manner he inquired
+whether he had seen the Queen. "Certainly,"
+said Mr. Brady, "and under these circumstances. I was
+walking along the street when by chance the Queen's carriage
+overtook me, and the moment Her Majesty's eye
+lighted upon me she exclaimed: 'Hello, Jim Brady, when
+did you hear from John Van Buren?'" I recall another
+amusing anecdote about John Van Buren during my school
+days. Mustaches were at that time worn chiefly by the
+sporting element. Mr. Van Buren, who was very attentive
+to Catharine Theodora Duer, a daughter of President William
+Alexander Duer of Columbia College, and who, by
+the way, never married, adopted this style of facial adornment,
+but the young woman objecting to it he cut it off
+and sent it to her in a letter. Prince John Van Buren's
+daughter, Miss Anna Vander Poel Van Buren, many
+years thereafter, married Edward Alexander Duer, a
+nephew of this Catharine Theodora Duer.</p>
+
+<p>It was my very great pleasure to know Fanny Kemble
+and her father, Charles Kemble. She was, indeed, the
+queen of tragedy, and delighted the histrionic world of
+New York by her remarkable rendering of the plays of
+Shakespeare. In later years when I heard her give
+Shakespearian readings, I regarded the occasion as an epoch
+in my life. In this connection I venture to express my
+surprise that the classical English quotations so pleasing
+to the ear in former days are now so seldom heard. It
+seems unfortunate that the epigrammatic sentences, for
+example, of grand old Dr. Samuel Johnson have become
+almost obsolete. In former years Byron appealed to the
+sentiment, while the more ambitious quoted Greek
+maxims. The sayings of the old authors were recalled,
+mingled with the current topics of the day. It would
+seem, however, that the present generation is decidedly
+more interested in quotations from the stock exchange.
+Edmund Burke said that "the age of chivalry is gone,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>
+that of sophists, economists, and calculators has succeeded."</p>
+
+<p>Upon her return to England Fanny Kemble published
+her journal kept while in the United States, which was
+by no means pleasing in every respect to her American
+readers. It is said that in one of her literary effusions
+she dwelt upon a custom, which she claimed was prevalent
+in America, of parents naming their children after classical
+heroes, and gave as an example a child in New York who
+bore the name of Alfonzo Alonzo Agamemnon Dionysius
+Bogardus. The sister of this youth, she stated, was named
+Clementina Seraphina Imogen. I think this statement
+must have been evolved from her own brain, as it would
+be difficult to conceive of parents who would consent to
+make their children notorious in such a ridiculous manner.
+Fanny Kemble married Pierce Butler, a lawyer of
+ability and cousin of the U.S. Senator from South Carolina
+of the same name, and they were divorced in 1849,
+when the Hon. George M. Dallas was counsel for Fanny
+Kemble and Rufus Choate appeared for her husband.</p>
+
+<p>Fanny Elssler, a queen of grace and beauty on the
+stage, delighted immense audiences at the Park Theater.
+She came to this country under the auspices of Chevalier
+Henry Wikoff, a roving but accomplished soldier of fortune,
+who pitched his camp in both continents. Upon her
+arrival in New York the "divine Fanny," as she was invariably
+called, was borne to her destination in a carriage
+from which the horses had been detached by her enthusiastic
+<i>adorateurs</i>, led by August Belmont. She was, indeed,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A being so fair that the same lips and eyes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She bore on earth might serve in Paradise.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>At this distant day it seems almost impossible to describe
+her. She seemed to float upon the stage sustained
+only by the surrounding atmosphere. In my opinion she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>
+has never had a rival, with the possible exception of Taglioni,
+the great Swedish <i>danseuse</i>. I saw Fanny Elssler
+dance the <i>cracovienne</i> and the <i>cachucha</i>, and it is a memory
+which will linger with me always. The music that
+accompanied these dances was generally selected from the
+popular airs of the day. Many dark stories were afloat
+concerning Fanny Elssler's private life, but to me it
+seems impossible to associate her angelic presence with
+anything but her wonderful art. She was never received
+socially in New York; indeed, the only person that I remember
+connected with the stage in my early days who
+had the social <i>entr&eacute;e</i> was Fanny Kemble.</p>
+
+<p>We attended the Dutch Reformed Church in New York
+of which the Rev. Dr. Jacob Brodhead was for many
+years the pastor. My aunts, however, attended one of the
+three collegiate churches in the lower part of the city, and
+I sometimes accompanied them and, as there was a frequent
+interchange of pulpits, I became quite accustomed
+to hear all of the three clergymen. The Rev. Dr. John
+Knox, who endeared himself to his flock by his gentle and
+appealing ministrations; the Rev. Dr. Thomas De Witt, a
+profound theologian and courtly gentleman; and the Rev.
+Dr. William C. Brownlee, with his vigorous Scotch accent,
+preaching against what he invariably called "papery"
+(popery), and recalling, as he did, John Knox of
+old, that irritating thorn in the side of the unfortunate
+Mary Queen of Scots, made up this remarkable trio. During
+the latter part of his life Dr. Brownlee suffered from
+a stroke of paralysis which rendered him speechless, and
+his Catholic adversaries improved this opportunity to circulate
+the report that he had been visited by a judgment
+from Heaven.</p>
+
+<p>There were many shining lights in the Episcopal Church
+at this time in New York. The Rev. Dr. William Berrian
+was the acceptable rector of St. John's, which was then
+as now a chapel of Trinity Parish. The Rev. Dr. Francis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>
+L. Hawks was the popular rector of St. Thomas's church,
+on the corner of Broadway and Houston Streets. He was
+a North Carolinian by birth, but is said to have been in
+part of Indian descent. I recall with pleasure his masterly
+rendition of the Episcopal service. During the Civil
+War he made it quite apparent to his parishioners that
+his sympathies were with the South, and as most of them
+did not share his views he moved to Baltimore, where a
+more congenial atmosphere surrounded him.</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, senior, was the rector
+of St. George's Episcopal church in the lower part of the
+city. He was a theologian of the Low-Church school and
+was greatly esteemed by all of his colleagues. His son,
+the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, junior, was in full sympathy
+with the Low-Church views of his father, and will
+be recalled as an evangelical preacher of exceptional power
+and wide influence. In the summer of 1867 he preached,
+in defiance of the canons of the Episcopal Church, in St.
+James's Methodist church in New Brunswick, N.J., thus
+invading without authority the parishes of the Rev. Dr.
+Alfred Stubs and the Rev. Dr. Edward B. Boggs of that
+city. His trial was of sensational interest, and resulted,
+as will be remembered, in his conviction. The attitude
+of the Tyngs, father and son, was humorously described
+by Anthony Bleecker, a well-known wit of the day, in
+these verses:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Junior.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I preach from barrels and from tubs,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In spite of Boggs, in spite of Stubs;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'll preach from stumps, I'll preach from logs,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In spite of Stubs, in spite of Boggs.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Senior.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Do, Steve; and lay aside your gown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your bands and surplice throw them down;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A bob-tail coat of tweed or kersey<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is good enough at least for Jersey.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Junior.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What if the Bishops interfere,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And I am made a culprit clear;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Can't you a thunderbolt then forge,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And hurl it in the new St. George?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Senior.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Be sure I can and out of spite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A wrathy sermon I'll indite;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'll score the court and every judge<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And call the whole proceedings fudge;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And worse than that each reverent name<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'll bellow through the trump of fame;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Bishop Potter I'll get even,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And make you out the martyr Stephen.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The Rev. Dr. Orville Dewey, renowned for his intellectual
+attainments, preached in the Unitarian church in
+Mercer Street. In subsequent years his sermons were published
+and I understand are still read with much interest
+and pleasure. Archbishop John Hughes, whom I knew
+quite well, was the controlling power in the Roman Catholic
+Church. He possessed the affectionate regard of the
+whole community, and naturally commanded a wide influence.
+A Roman Catholic told me many years ago that,
+upon one of the visits of the Archbishop to St. Peter's
+church, he took the congregation to task for their exclusiveness,
+exclaiming: "You lock up your pews and exclude
+the marrow of the land."</p>
+
+<p>I knew very well the Rev. Charles Constantine Pise,
+the first native-born Catholic to officiate in St. Joseph's
+church on Sixth Avenue. He was of Italian parentage
+and was remarkable for his great physical attractiveness.
+In addition to his fine appearance, he was exceedingly
+social in his tastes and was consequently a highly agreeable
+guest. He cultivated the muses to a modest degree,
+and I have several of his poetical effusions, one of which
+was addressed to me. In spite of the admiration he commanded
+from both men and women, irrespective of creed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>
+life seemed to present to him but few allurements. Archbishop
+Hughes sent him to a small Long Island parish
+where, after laboring long and earnestly, he closed his
+earthly career. An anecdote is related of this pious man
+which I believe to be true. A young woman quite forgetful
+of the proprieties and conventionalties of life, but
+with decided matrimonial proclivities, made Father Pise
+an offer of her fortune, heart and hand. In a dignified
+manner he advised her to give her heart to God, her
+money to the poor, and her hand to the man who asked
+for it. Prior to his rectorship of St. Joseph's church in
+New York, Father Pise, who was an intimate friend of
+Henry Clay, served as Chaplain of the U.S. Senate during
+a portion of the 22d Congress. At the National
+Capital as well as in New York he was exceptionally
+popular, making many converts, especially among young
+women, and preaching to congregations in churches so
+densely crowded that it was difficult to obtain even standing
+room.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot pass the Roman Catholic clergy without some
+reference to the Rev. Felix Varela, a priest of Spanish descent
+and, it is said, of noble birth, who was sent from
+Cuba to Spain as one of the deputies to the Cortes from his
+native island. His church was St. Peter's in Barclay Street.
+It would be difficult for any words to do justice to his life
+of self-abnegation or to his adherence to the precepts of
+his Divine Master. It is with pleasure, therefore, that I
+relate the following story, for the truth of which I can
+vouch. A policeman found a handsome pair of silver
+candlesticks in the custody of a poor unfortunate man,
+and as they bore upon them a distinctive coat of arms he
+arrested him. On his way to prison the suspected criminal
+begged to see Father Varela for a moment, and as his
+residence was <i>en route</i> to the station house the officer
+granted his request. This good priest informed the policeman
+with much reluctance that the candlesticks had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>
+formerly belonged to him, and that he had given them to
+his prisoner to buy bread for his family. My father was
+so deeply in sympathy with the life and character of this
+priest that, although of a different faith, he seldom heard
+his name mentioned without an expression of admiration
+for his life and character.</p>
+
+<p>There was a French Protestant church in Franklin
+Street ministered to by the Rev. Dr. Antoine Verren,
+whose wife was a daughter of Thomas Hammersley. I
+also remember very well a Presbyterian church on Laight
+Street, opposite St. John's Park, the rector of which was
+the Rev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, an uncle of the late Bishop
+Arthur Cleveland Cox of the Episcopal Church. Dr. Cox
+was a prominent abolitionist, and when we were living on
+Hubert Street, just around the corner, this church was
+stoned by a mob because the rector had expressed his anti-slavery
+views too freely.</p>
+
+<p>The mode of conducting funerals in former days in New
+York differed very materially from the customs now in
+vogue. While the coffins of the well-to-do were made entirely
+of mahogany and without handles, I have always
+understood that persons of the Hebrew faith buried their
+dead in pine coffins, as they believed this wood to be more
+durable. Pall-bearers wore white linen scarfs three yards
+long with a rosette of the same material fastened on one
+shoulder, which, together with a pair of black gloves, was
+always presented by the family. It was originally the intention
+that the linen scarf should be used after the funeral
+for making a shirt. Funerals from churches were not as
+customary as at the present time. If the body was to be
+interred within the city limits every one attending the services,
+including the family, walked to the cemetery. It was
+unusual for a woman to be seen at a funeral.</p>
+
+<p>But the whole social tone of New York society was more
+<i>de rigueur</i> than now. Sometimes, for example, persons living
+under a cloud of insufficient magnitude to place them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>
+behind prison bars, feeling their disgrace, took flight for
+Texas. Instead of placing the conventional <i>P.P.C.</i> on
+their cards the letters <i>G.T.T.</i> were used, meaning that the
+self-expatriated ne'er-do-well had "gone to Texas." I
+have always understood that in Great Britain the transgressor
+sought the Continent, where he was often enabled
+to pass into oblivion. In this manner both countries were
+relieved of patriots who "left their country for their
+country's good." As an example, I remember hearing
+in my early life of an Englishman named de Roos, who
+had the unfortunate habit of arranging cards to suit his
+own fancy. When his <i>confr&egrave;res</i> finally caught him in
+the act he left hurriedly for the Continent.</p>
+
+<p>In 1842 the U.S. sloop of war <i>Somers</i> arrived in New
+York, and the country was startled by the accounts of
+what has since been known as the "Somers Mutiny." The
+Captain of the ship was Commander Alexander Slidell
+Mackenzie, whose original surname was Slidell. He was
+a brother of the Hon. John Slidell, at one time U.S. Senator
+from Louisiana, who, during the Civil War, while on
+his passage to England on the <i>Trent</i> as a representative
+of the Southern Confederacy in England, was captured
+by Captain Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy. The result
+of the alleged mutiny was the execution, by hanging
+at the yard arm, of Philip Spencer, a son of the celebrated
+New York lawyer, John C. Spencer, President Tyler's
+Secretary of War, and of two sailors, Samuel Cromwell and
+Elisha Small. It was charged that they had conspired to
+capture the ship and set adrift or murder her officers.
+Being far from any home port, and uncertain of the extent
+to which the spirit of disaffection had permeated the crew,
+Mackenzie consulted the officers of his ship as to the proper
+course for him to pursue. In accordance with their advice,
+and after only a preliminary examination of witnesses
+and no formal trial with testimony for the defense, they
+were, as just stated, summarily executed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I speak from the point of view of the legal element of
+New York, as my father's associates were nearly all professional
+men. The world was aghast upon receiving the
+news that three men had been hurled into eternity without
+judge or jury. Spencer was a lad of less than nineteen
+and a midshipman. Although Captain Mackenzie's action
+was sustained by the court of inquiry, which was convened
+in his case, as well as by the <i>esprit de corps</i> of the Navy,
+public feeling ran so high that a court martial was ordered.
+His trial of two months' duration took place at the
+Brooklyn Navy Yard, and resulted in a verdict of "not
+proven." The judge-advocate of the court was Mr. William
+H. Norris of Baltimore, and Mackenzie was defended
+by Mr. George Griffith and Mr. John Duer, the
+latter of whom was the distinguished New York jurist
+and the uncle of Captain Mackenzie's wife. At the request
+of the Hon. John C. Spencer, Benjamin F. Butler
+and Charles O'Conor, leaders of the New York bar, formally
+applied for permission to ask questions approved
+by the court and to offer testimony, but the request was
+refused&mdash;"so that," as Thomas H. Benton expressed it,
+"at the long <i>post mortem</i> trial which was given to the
+boy after his death, the father was not allowed to ask one
+question in favor of his son." After a lapse of sixty-nine
+years, judging from Mackenzie's report to the
+Navy Department, it almost seems as if he possessed a
+touch of medi&aelig;val superstition. He speaks of Spencer
+giving money and tobacco to the crew, of his being extremely
+intimate with them, that he had a strange flashing
+of the eye, and finally that he was in the habit of
+amusing the sailors by making music with his jaws. Mackenzie
+in his official report stated that this lad "had the
+faculty of throwing his jaw out of joint and by contact
+of the bones playing with accuracy and elegance a variety
+of airs." James Fenimore Cooper stated it as his opinion,
+"that such was the obliquity of intellect shown by Mac<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>kenzie
+in the whole affair, that no analysis of his motives
+can be made on any consistent principle of human action;"
+and the distinguished statesman, Thomas H.
+Benton, whose critical and lengthy review of the whole
+case would seem to carry conviction to unprejudiced
+minds, declared that the three men "died innocent, as
+history will tell and show."</p>
+
+<p>The proceedings of the Mackenzie trial were eagerly
+read by an interested public. As I remember the testimony
+given regarding Spencer's last moments upon earth,
+Mackenzie announced to the youthful culprit that he had
+but ten minutes to live. He fell at once upon his knees
+and exclaimed that he was not fit to die, and the Captain
+replied that he was aware of the fact, but could not help
+it. It is recorded that he read his Bible and Prayer-Book,
+and that the Captain referred him to the "penitent thief;"
+but when he pleaded that his fate would kill his mother
+and injure his father, Mackenzie made the inconsiderate
+reply that the best and only service he could render his
+father was to die.</p>
+
+<p>I recall a conversation bearing upon the <i>Somers</i> tragedy
+which I overheard between my father and his early
+friend, Thomas Morris, when their indignation was boundless.
+The latter's son, Lieutenant Charles W. Morris,
+U.S.N., had made several cruises with the alleged mutineer
+Cromwell. Meeting Mackenzie he stated this fact,
+saying at the same time that he found him a well-disposed
+and capable seaman. Mackenzie quickly responded that
+"he had a bad eye," and then Lieutenant Morris recalled
+that the unfortunate man had a cast in one eye.</p>
+
+<p>A few years after his court-martial Mackenzie fell dead
+from his horse. One of the wardroom officers of the
+<i>Somers</i> was Adrian D&eacute;slonde of Louisiana, whose sister
+married the Hon. John Slidell, of whom I have already
+spoken as Commander Mackenzie's brother.</p>
+
+<p>I seldom hear the name of John Slidell without being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>
+reminded of a witticism which I heard from my mother's
+lips, the author of which was Louisa Fairlie, a daughter
+of Major James Fairlie, who, during the War of the Revolution,
+served upon General Steuben's staff. She was, I
+have understood, a great belle with a power of repartee
+which bordered upon genius. During the youth of John
+Slidell he attended a dinner at a prominent New York
+residence and sat at the table next to Miss Fairlie. In
+a tactless manner he made a pointedly unpleasant remark
+bearing upon the marriage of her sister Mary to the distinguished
+actor, Thomas Apthorpe Cooper, a subject upon
+which the Fairlie family was somewhat sensitive. Miss
+Fairlie regarded Mr. Slidell for only a moment, and then
+retorted: "Sir, you have been <i>dipped</i> not <i>moulded</i> into
+society"&mdash;an incident which, by the way, I heard repeated
+many years later at a dinner in China. To appreciate
+this witticism, one may refer to the New York directory
+of 1789, which describes John Slidell, the father of the
+Slidell of whom we are speaking, as "soap boiler and
+chandler, 104 Broadway." Miss Fairlie's pun seems to
+me to be quite equal to that of Rufus Choate, who, when a
+certain Baptist minister described himself as "a candle of
+the Lord," remarked, "Then you are a dipped, but I hope
+not a wick-ed candle." It is said that upon another occasion,
+after the return of Mr. Slidell from a foreign trip,
+he was asked by Miss Fairlie whether he had been to
+Greece. He replied in the negative and asked the reason
+for her query. "Oh, nothing," she said, "only it would
+have been very natural for you to visit Greece in order to
+renew early associations!" Many years thereafter Priscilla
+Cooper, the wife of Robert Tyler and the daughter-in-law
+of President John Tyler, a daughter of Thomas
+Apthorpe Cooper and his wife, Mary Fairlie, presided at
+the White House during the widowhood of her distinguished
+father-in-law.</p>
+
+<p>As has already been stated, the father of the Hon. John<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>
+Slidell was a chandler, and he conducted his business with
+such success that in time he became prominent in mercantile
+and financial circles, and eventually was made president
+of the Mechanics Bank and the Tradesmen's Insurance
+Company. His son John, who at first engaged in
+his father's soap and tallow business as an apprentice,
+finally succeeded him, and the enterprise was continued
+under the firm name of "John Slidell, Jr. and Company."
+The house failed, however, and it is said that this fact,
+together with the scandal attending his duel with Stephen
+Price, manager of the Park Theater, in which the latter
+was wounded, were the controlling factors that led the
+future Hon. John Slidell to remove his residence to New
+Orleans. In this place he became highly celebrated as a
+lawyer, and his successful political career is well known.
+He married Miss Marie Mathilde D&eacute;slonde, a member of
+a well-known Creole family, and many persons still living
+will recall her grace and <i>savoir faire</i> in Washington when
+her husband represented Louisiana in the United States
+Senate. Miss Jane Slidell, a sister of the Hon. John
+Slidell, married Commodore Matthew C. Perry, U.S.N.,
+who opened the doors of Japan to the trade of the world,
+and whose daughter, Caroline Slidell Perry, became the
+wife of the late August Belmont of New York, while Julia,
+another of Mr. Slidell's sisters, married the late Rear
+Admiral C. R. P. Rodgers, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>U.S.N.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CHAPTER V</h2>
+
+<h3>LONG BRANCH, NEWPORT AND ELSEWHERE</h3>
+
+
+<p>When I was about ten years of age, accompanied
+by my parents, I made a visit to Long Branch,
+which was then one of the most fashionable summer
+resorts for New Yorkers. As we made the journey
+by steamboat and the water was rough we were the victims
+of a violent attack of seasickness from which few of
+the passengers escaped. Many Philadelphians also spent
+their summers at this resort, and there was naturally a
+fair sprinkling of people from other large cities. At that
+time there were no hotels in the place, but there was
+one commodious boarding house which accommodated
+a large number of guests. It bore no name, but was designated
+as "Mrs. Sairs'," from its proprietress. In this
+establishment our whole family, by no means small, found
+accommodations. I recall many pleasant acquaintances we
+made while there, especially that of Miss Molly Hamilton
+of Philadelphia. She was a vivacious old lady, and
+was accompanied by her nephew, Hamilton Beckett, in
+whom I found a congenial playmate. His name made a
+strong impression upon my memory, as I was then reading
+the history of Thomas &agrave; Becket, the murdered Archbishop
+of Canterbury. I have heard that this friend of
+my childhood went eventually to England to reside. The
+Penningtons of Newark had a cottage near us. William
+Pennington subsequently became Governor of New Jersey.
+I also enjoyed the youthful companionship of his
+daughter Mary, whom many years later I met in Washington.
+In the interval she had become a pronounced
+belle and the wife of Hugh A. Toler of Newark.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The guests of the boarding house were inclined to complain
+that the beach was too exclusively appropriated by
+two acquaintances of ours who were living in the same
+house with us, Mrs. G. W. Featherstonhaugh and Mrs.
+Thomas M. Willing, and their train of admirers. They were
+sprightly young women and daughters of Bernard Moore
+Carter of Virginia. I remember it was the gossip of the
+place that both of them could count their offers of marriage
+by the score. Mrs. Willing was a skilled performer
+upon the harp, an instrument then much in vogue, but
+whose silvery tones are now, alas, only memory's echo.
+Mr. Featherstonhaugh, who was by birth an Englishman,
+after residing in the United States a few years, wrote in
+1847 a book entitled "Excursion through the Slave States
+from Washington on the Potomac to the Frontier of
+Mexico." I recall that in this volume he spoke with enthusiasm
+of the <i>agr&eacute;ments</i> of the palate which he enjoyed
+during a few days' sojourn at Barnum's Hotel in Baltimore.
+He dwelt particularly, with gastronomic ecstasy,
+upon the canvas-back duck and soft-shell crab upon which
+he feasted, and was inclined to draw an unfavorable comparison
+between the former hotel and Gadsby's, the well-known
+Washington hostelry. Upon his journey he visited
+Monticello, the former home of Thomas Jefferson.
+His encomium on this distinguished man appealed to me
+as I am sure it does to others; he spoke of him as the
+"Confucius of his country." Altogether, Mr. Featherstonhaugh's
+experiences in America were as novel and entertaining
+as a sojourn with Aborigines.</p>
+
+<p>Just off the beach at Long Branch was a high bluff
+which descended gradually to the sea, and at this point
+were several primitive bath houses belonging to Mrs.
+Sairs' establishment. Following the prevalent custom, we
+wore no bathing shoes and stockings, but, accompanied
+by a stalwart bathing master, we enjoyed many dips in
+the briny deep, and were brought safely back by him to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>
+our bath house. There was no immodest lingering on the
+beach; this privilege was reserved for the advanced civilization
+of a later day.</p>
+
+<p>While I was still a young child, and some years after our
+visit to Long Branch, my infant brother Malcolm became
+seriously ill. Dr. John W. Francis, our family physician,
+prescribed a change of air for him, and my parents
+took him to Newport. We found pleasant accommodations
+for our family in a fashionable boarding house on
+Thames Street, the guests of which were composed almost
+exclusively of Southern families. Newport was then in
+an exceedingly primitive state and I have no recollection
+of seeing either cottages or hotels, while modern improvements
+were unknown. We led a simple outdoor life,
+taking our breakfast at eight, dining at two and supping
+at six. It was indeed "early to bed and early to rise."</p>
+
+<p>As I recall these early days in Newport, two fascinating
+old ladies, typical Southern gentlewomen, the Misses
+Philippa and Hetty Minus of Savannah, present themselves
+vividly to my memory. After we returned to our
+New York home we had the pleasure of meeting them
+again and entertaining them. Another charming guest
+of our establishment was the wife of James L. Pettigru,
+an eminent citizen of South Carolina. She was the first
+woman of fashion presented to my girlish vision, and
+her mode of life was a revelation. She kept very late
+hours, often lingering in her room the next morning until
+midday. As I was then familiar with Miss Edgeworth's
+books for young people, which all judicious parents purchased
+for their children, I immediately designated Mrs.
+Pettigru as "Lady Delacour," whose habits and fashions
+are so pleasingly described in that admirable novel, "Belinda."
+Although born and bred in South Carolina, Mr.
+Pettigru remained loyal to the Union, and after his death
+his valuable library was purchased by Congress. The
+members of another representative South Carolina family,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+the Allstons, were also among our fellow boarders at Long
+Branch. This name always brings to mind the pathetic
+history of Theodosia Burr, Aaron Burr's only child, and
+her sad death; while the name of Washington Allston, the
+artist, is too well known to be dwelt upon.</p>
+
+<p>After a month's pleasant sojourn in Newport my brother's
+health had materially improved and we returned to
+our New York home by the way of Boston, where we
+were guests at the Tremont House. I blush to acknowledge
+to the Bostonians who may peruse these pages that
+my chief recollection of this visit is that I was standing
+on the steps of the hotel, when I was accosted by a gentleman,
+who exclaimed: "You are a Campbell, I'll bet ten
+thousand dollars!" I apologize for writing such a personal
+reminiscence of such an historic town, but such
+are the freaks of memory. This was prior to the maturer
+days of William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips and
+Ralph Waldo Emerson.</p>
+
+<p>Before passing on to other subjects I must not omit
+mentioning that at this period the currency used in the
+New England States differed from that of New York.
+This fact was brought vividly before me in Newport when
+I made an outlay of a shilling at a candy store. In return
+for my Mexican quarter of a dollar I was handed a
+small amount of change. I left the shop fully convinced
+that I was a victim of sharp practice, but learned later
+that there was a slight difference between the shilling used
+in New York and that used in New England.</p>
+
+<p>Many years later I visited Boston again, this time as
+the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop at their
+superb Brookline home; and, escorted by Mr. Winthrop
+and Mr. and Mrs. Jabez L. M. Curry of Alabama, who
+were also their house-guests, I visited all the points of
+historical interest. Both Mr. Winthrop and Mr. Curry
+were then trustees of the Peabody Fund. A few years
+after we separated in Boston Mr. and Mrs. Curry went<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>
+to Spain to reside, where, as American Minister, he was
+present at the birth of King Alfonso of Spain.</p>
+
+<p>About fifteen years later I again visited Newport, but
+this time I was a full-fledged young woman. During my
+absence a large number of hotels and cottages had been
+erected, many of which were occupied by Southern families
+who still continued to regard this Rhode Island resort
+as almost exclusively their own. I recall the names of
+many of them, all of whom were conspicuous in social life
+in the South. Among them were the Middletons, whose
+ancestors were historically prominent; the Pinckneys, descended
+from the illustrious Charles Cotesworth Pinckney,
+who uttered the well-known maxim, "Millions for
+defense but not one cent for tribute;" the Izards; the
+Draytons, of South Carolina; and the Habershams of
+Georgia. During this visit in Newport I was the guest,
+at their summer cottage, of my life-long friends, the
+Misses Mary and Margaret Gelston, daughters of Maltby
+Gelston, former President of the Manhattan Bank of
+New York. Not far from the Gelstons resided what Sam
+Weller would call three "widder women." They were
+sisters, the daughters of Ralph Izard of Dorchester, S.C.,
+and bore distinguished South Carolina names; Mrs. Poinsett
+who had been the wife of Joel Roberts Poinsett, the
+well-known statesman and Secretary of War under Van
+Buren, Mrs. Eustis, the widow of Gen. Abram Eustis,
+U.S.A., who had served in the War of 1812, and Mrs.
+Thomas Pinckney, whose husband, the nephew of General
+Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, had been a wealthy rice
+planter in South Carolina. The beautiful Christmas
+flower, the poinsettia, was named in compliment to Mr.
+Poinsett. These interesting women for many years were
+in the habit of leaving what they called their "Carolina"
+home for a summer sojourn at Newport, where their house
+was one of the social centers of attraction. With their
+graceful bearing, gentle voices and cordial manners they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+were characteristic types of the Southern <i>grandes dames</i>
+now so seldom seen. A short distance from my hosts'
+cottage lived the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
+who was also the widow of Robert Goodloe Harper,
+a prominent Federalist and a United States Senator during
+the administrations of Madison and Monroe. Mrs.
+Harper's sister married Richard Caton of Maryland,
+whose daughters made such distinguished British matrimonial
+alliances. Her daughter, Emily Harper, upon
+whose personality I love to dwell, was from her earliest
+childhood endowed with strong religious traits. Her
+gentle Christian character exemplified charity to all who
+were fortunate enough to come within the radius of her
+influence. She was in every sense of the word a deeply
+religious woman, and her influence upon those around her
+was of the most elevating character.</p>
+
+<p>I shall always remember with the keenest enjoyment
+some of the pleasant teas at this hospitable home of the
+Harpers in Newport. All sects were welcomed, Episcopalians,
+Presbyterians, Hebrews, Unitarians, and I doubt
+not that an equally cordial reception would have awaited
+Mahommedans or Hindoos. I once heard Miss Harper
+say that she shared with Chateaubriand the ennobling sentiment
+that the salvation of one soul was of more value
+than the conquest of a kingdom. Naturally the Harper
+cottage was the rendezvous for Southerners and its hospitable
+roof sheltered many prominent people, especially
+guests from Maryland. Mr. Maltby Gelston told me at
+the time of this visit that Mrs. Harper was the only child
+of a Signer then living. It is probable that he spoke
+from positive knowledge, as he was an authority upon the
+subject, having married the granddaughter of Philip Livingston,
+a New York Signer. A few years later, when I
+was married in Washington, D.C., I was deeply gratified
+when Miss Harper came from Baltimore to attend
+my wedding. The marked attentions paid to her by Caleb<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>
+Cushing, then Attorney-General under President Pierce,
+were the source of much gossip, but she seemed entirely
+indifferent to his devotion. I once heard him express
+great annoyance after a trip to Baltimore because he
+failed to see her on account of a headache with which she
+was said to be suffering, and he inquired of me in a petulant
+manner whether headaches were an universal feminine
+malady. Like her mother, she lived to a very advanced
+age and when she departed this life the world lost
+one of its saintliest characters.</p>
+
+<p>One of the most attractive cottages in Newport at the
+time of my second visit was occupied by Mr. and Mrs.
+Henry Casimir de Rham of New York. It was densely
+shaded by a number of graceful silver-maple trees. Mr.
+de Rham was a prosperous merchant of Swiss extraction,
+whose wife was Miss Maria Theresa Moore, a member of
+one of New York's most prominent families and a niece
+of Bishop Benjamin Moore of New York.</p>
+
+<p>The social leaders of Newport at this period were Mr.
+and Mrs. Robert Morgan Gibbes, whose winter home was in
+New York. Mr. Gibbes, who, by the way, was a great-uncle
+of William Waldorf Astor, was a South Carolinian by
+birth and had married Miss Emily Oliver of Paterson, New
+Jersey. They lived in a handsome house, gave sumptuous
+entertainments, and had an interesting family of daughters,
+several of whom I knew quite well. One well-remembered
+evening I attended a party at their house which was regarded
+as the social affair of the season. It made a lasting
+impression upon my mind owing to a trivial circumstance
+which seems hardly worth relating. It was the
+first time I had ever seen mottoes used at entertainments,
+and at this party they were exceptionally handsome. The
+one which fell to my share, and which I treasured for
+some time, bore upon it a large bunch of red currants.
+These favors were always imported, and a few years later
+became so fashionable that no dinner or supper table was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>
+regarded as quite the proper thing without them. I take
+it for granted that this custom was the origin of the german
+favors which in the course of time came into such
+general use.</p>
+
+<p>In 1853 I made a third visit to Newport as the guest
+of Mrs. Winfield Scott. General Scott's headquarters
+were then in Washington, but, as his military views were
+widely divergent from those of Jefferson Davis, President
+Pierce's Secretary of War, he was urging the President
+to transfer him to New York. I have frequently heard
+the General jocosely remark that he longed for a Secretary
+of War who would not "make him cry." The
+Scotts at this period were spending their winters in Washington
+and their summers in Newport. Meanwhile his
+numerous admirers, in recognition of his distinguished
+services, presented him with a house on West Twelfth
+Street which was occupied by him and his family after
+his transfer to New York. The principal donor of this
+residence was the Hon. Hamilton Fish.</p>
+
+<p>After a charming sojourn of several weeks in Newport,
+I was about returning to my home when I casually
+invited General Scott's youngest daughter, Marcella
+("Ella"), then only a schoolgirl, to accompany me to
+Miss Harper's cottage, as I wished to say good-bye. Upon
+entering the drawing-room a cousin and guest of Miss
+Harper's, Charles Carroll McTavish of Howard County,
+Maryland, appeared upon the threshold and was introduced
+to us. He was then approaching middle life and I
+learned later that he had served some years in the Russian
+Army. Marcella Scott's appearance apparently fascinated
+him from the moment they met, and from that day
+he began to be devotedly attentive to her. Mrs. Scott,
+however, entirely disapproved of Mr. McTavish's attentions
+to her daughter on account of her extreme youth. A
+few months later Marcella returned to Madame Chegaray's
+school, where she became a boarding pupil and was not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>
+allowed to see visitors. The following winter she was
+taken ill with typhoid fever, and, when convalescent
+enough to be moved, was brought to my home in Houston
+Street, New York, to recuperate, as the Scotts were still
+living in Washington and the journey was considered too
+long and arduous to be taken by an invalid. Meanwhile,
+Mr. McTavish renewed his attentions to Miss Scott and
+the impression made was more than a passing fancy for
+in the following June they were married in the Twelfth
+Street house of which I have already spoken, General
+Scott having in the interim succeeded in having his headquarters
+removed to New York.</p>
+
+<p>I had the pleasure of being present at this wedding,
+which, in spite of a warm day in June and the many
+absentees from the city, was one of exceptional brilliancy.
+The Army and Navy were well represented, the
+officers of both branches of the service appearing in
+full-dress uniform. The hour appointed for the ceremony
+was high noon, but an amusing <i>contretemps</i> blocked
+the way. An incorrigible mantua-maker, faithless to all
+promises and regardless of every sense of propriety,
+failed to send home the bridal dress at the appointed
+time. This state of affairs proved decidedly embarrassing,
+but the guests were informed of the cause of the delay
+and patiently awaited developments. Behind the
+scenes, however, quite a different spectacle was presented,
+while amid much bustle and excitement a second wedding
+gown was being hurriedly prepared. After an hour's
+delay, however, the belated garment arrived, when the
+bride-elect was quickly dressed and walked into the large
+drawing-room in all of her bridal finery, leaning, as was
+then the custom, upon the arm of the groom. Archbishop
+Hughes conducted the wedding service, and seized upon
+the auspicious occasion to make an address of some length.
+Previous to the ceremony, my intimate friend, the young
+bride's older sister, Cornelia Scott, who a few years pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>vious
+had become while in Rome a convert to Catholicism,
+asked me with much earnestness of manner to do my best
+to entertain the Archbishop, as she thought, in her kind
+way, that he might be somewhat out of his element when
+surrounded by such a large and fashionable assemblage.
+This was, indeed, a pleasing task, as it enabled me to renew
+my earlier acquaintance with this gifted prelate.
+The only member of the groom's family present at this
+ceremony was his handsome brother, Alexander S. McTavish,
+who came from Baltimore for the occasion. Strange
+to say, in view of the many presents usually displayed
+upon such occasions nowadays, I do not remember, although
+I was a family guest, seeing or hearing of a single
+bridal gift, but some of the wedding guests I recall very
+distinctly. Among them were Mr. and Mrs. Charles
+King, the former of whom was President of Columbia
+College and an intimate friend of General Scott's; Mr.
+and Mrs. Robert Ray, whose daughter Cornelia married
+Major Schuyler Hamilton, aide-de-camp to General Scott
+during the Mexican war; Prof. Clement C. Moore and his
+daughter Theresa; Mr. and Mrs. Edward Mayo of Elizabeth,
+N.J., the former of whom was Mrs. Scott's brother;
+Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell, a sister of Mrs. Scott's from
+Richmond; Major Thomas Williams, an aide to General
+Scott, who was killed during the Civil War; and Major
+Henry L. Scott, aide and son-in-law of General Scott.</p>
+
+<p>The same evening, after the wedding guests had departed
+and quiet again reigned supreme in the household,
+I went to Mrs. Scott's room to sit with her, as
+she seemed sad and lonely, and at the same time to
+talk over with her, womanlike, the events of the day.
+In our quiet conversation I remember referring to Archbishop
+Hughes's address to the groom, and asked her if
+she had observed that he had dwelt upon the bride "being
+taken from an affectionate father," while the remaining
+members of the family were entirely ignored. Mrs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span>
+Scott immediately bristled up and with much warmth of
+feeling said that she had noticed the omission and believed
+that the action of the Archbishop was premeditated.
+Just here was an undercurrent which as an intimate
+friend of the family I fully understood. After Virginia
+Scott's death at the Georgetown Convent Mrs. Scott was
+most outspoken in her denunciation of the Roman Catholic
+Church, which she felt had robbed her of her daughter.</p>
+
+<p>Some years after his marriage Charles Carroll McTavish
+applied to the Legislature of Maryland for permission to
+drop his surname and to assume that of his great-grandfather,
+Charles Carroll. As this request was strenuously
+opposed by other descendants of the Signer, who regarded
+it as inexpedient to increase the number of Charles Carrolls,
+the petition of Mr. McTavish was not granted.
+Mary Wellesley McTavish, his sister, I remember as a
+sprightly young woman of fine appearance. She made
+her <i>d&eacute;but</i> in London society as the guest of her aunt,
+Mary McTavish, wife of the Marquis of Wellesley. After
+a brief courtship she married Henry George Howard,
+a son of the Earl of Carlisle, and accompanied him to the
+Netherlands, where he was the accredited British Minister.
+Mrs. George Bancroft, wife of the historian, who accompanied
+her husband when he was our Minister to England,
+gave me an interesting sketch of Mrs. Howard's varied
+life. Death finally claimed her in Paris and her body
+was brought back to this country and buried in Maryland,
+the home of her youth. Her mother, who brought the remains
+across the ocean, soon after her bereavement, established
+"The House of the Good Shepherd" in Baltimore.</p>
+
+<p>Three daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish
+grew into womanhood. The elder sisters, Mary
+and Emily, both of whom were well known for their
+beauty and vivacity, entered upon cloistered lives. Just
+as the two sisters were about taking this step, they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span>
+made a request, which caused much comment, to the effect
+that they should be assigned to different convents. I
+understand that Mrs. McTavish, their mother, is still living
+in Rome with the unmarried daughter. During Mrs.
+Scott's residence in Paris she was invited to witness the
+ceremony of "taking the veil" at a prominent convent,
+and writing to her family at home she remarked: "How
+strange that human beings, knowing the fickleness of their
+natures, should bind themselves for life to one limited
+space and unvarying mode of existence."</p>
+
+<p>Hoboken, or, as it was sometimes called, Paulus Hook,
+was a great resort in my earlier life for residents of the
+great metropolis. We children, accompanied by my
+father or some other grown person, delighted to roam in
+that locality over what was most appropriately termed
+the "Elysian Fields." Professional landscape-gardening
+had not then been thought of, but nature's achievements
+often surpass the embellishments of man. Our cup
+of happiness was full to the brim when we were taken to
+this entrancing spot overlooking the Hudson River, with
+its innumerable sloops, steamboats and tugs adding so
+much to the picturesqueness of the scene. As we strolled
+along, we regaled ourselves every now and then with a refreshing
+glass of mead, a concoction of honey and cold
+water, purchased from a passing vender; and when cakes
+or candy were added to the refreshing drink life seemed
+very <i>couleur de rose</i> to our childish dreams. Then again
+we made occasional trips up the river, but the steamboats
+and other excursion craft of that day were of course mere
+pigmies compared with those of the present time. The
+cabin always had a large dining table, on either side of
+which was a line of berths. Guests were called to dinner
+at one o'clock by the vigorous ringing of a large bell
+in the hands of a colored waiter dressed in a white
+apron and jacket. I have often thought how surprised
+and pleased this old-time servant, universally seen in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span>
+every well-to-do household in those days, would be if he
+could return to earth and hear himself addressed as
+"butler."</p>
+
+<p>It was upon one of these trips up the Hudson that the
+widow of General Alexander Hamilton and her daughter,
+Mrs. Hamilton Holly, were taking their mid-day repast,
+at one end of the long table, when they were informed
+that Aaron Burr was partaking of the same meal not far
+from them. Their indignation was boundless, and immediately
+there were two vacant chairs. Mrs. Holly was
+a woman of strong intellect, and a friendship which I
+formed with her is one of the most cherished memories
+of my life. She devoted her widowhood to the care of her
+aged mother. We often engaged in confidential conversations,
+when she would discuss the tragedies which so
+clouded her life. I especially remember her dwelling
+upon the sad history of her sister, Angelica Hamilton,
+who, she told me, was in the bloom of health and surrounded
+by everything that goes towards making life
+happy when her eldest brother, Philip Hamilton, was
+killed in a duel. He had but recently been graduated from
+Columbia College and lost his life in 1801 on the same
+spot where, about three years later, his father was killed
+by Aaron Burr. This dreadful event affected her so
+deeply that her mind became unbalanced, and she was
+finally placed in an asylum, where she died at a very advanced
+age. Mrs. Hamilton lived in Washington, D.C.,
+in one of the De Menou buildings on H Street, between
+Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, and Mrs. Holly resided
+in the same city until her death.</p>
+
+<p>Tragedy seemed to pursue the Hamilton family with
+unrelenting perseverance until the third generation. In
+1858 the legislature of Virginia, desiring that every native
+President should repose upon Virginia soil, made an
+appropriation for removing the remains of James Monroe
+from New York to Richmond. He died on the 4th<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span>
+of July, 1831, while temporarily residing in New York
+with his daughter, Mrs. Samuel L. Gouverneur, and his
+body was placed in the Gouverneur vault in the Marble
+Cemetery on Second Street, east of Second Avenue, where
+it remained for nearly thirty years. The disinterment
+of the remains of this distinguished statesman was conducted
+with much pomp and ceremony and the body
+placed on board of the steamer <i>Jamestown</i> and conveyed
+to Richmond, accompanied all the way by the 7th Regiment
+of New York which acted as a guard of honor. The
+orator of the occasion was John Cochrane, a distinguished
+member of the New York bar; while Henry A. Wise, then
+Governor of Virginia, delivered an appropriate address
+at the grave in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. My
+husband, Samuel L. Gouverneur, junior, Monroe's grandson,
+accompanied the remains as the representative of the
+family. After the ceremonies in Richmond were completed,
+but before the 7th Regiment had embarked upon
+its homeward voyage, one of its members, Laurens Hamilton,
+a grandson of Alexander Hamilton and a son of John
+C. Hamilton, was drowned near Richmond. All the proceedings
+connected with the removal of Mr. Monroe's remains,
+both in New York and in Richmond, were published
+some years later by Udolpho Wolfe, a neighbor and
+admirer of the late President. A copy of the book was
+presented to each member of the 7th Regiment and one
+of them was also given by the compiler to my husband.
+A few years later this same New York regiment invaded
+Virginia, but under greatly different circumstances. A
+terrible civil war was raging, and the Old Dominion for
+a time was its principal battle ground.</p>
+
+<p>I recall an amusing anecdote which Mr. Gouverneur
+told me upon his return from this visit to Richmond.
+While the great concourse of people was still assembled
+at Monroe's grave in Hollywood Cemetery, Governor
+Henry A. Wise, always proud of his State, remarked:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>
+"Now we must have all the native Presidents of Virginia
+buried within this inclosure." Immediately a vigorous
+hand was placed on his shoulder by a New York alderman
+who had accompanied the funeral <i>cort&egrave;ge</i>, who exclaimed
+in characteristic Bowery vernacular: "Go ahead,
+Governor, you'll fotch 'em."</p>
+
+<p>The only mode of travel on the Hudson River in my
+early days was by boat. One of my recollections is seeing
+Captain Vanderbilt in command of a steamboat.
+I have heard older members of my family say that
+he designated himself "Captain Wanderbilt," and that
+his faithful wife's endearing mode of accosting him
+was "Corneil." At any rate, it is well-known that
+he began life by operating a rowboat ferry between
+Staten Island and New York. In later years a sailboat
+was substituted over this same route. The Hudson River
+Railroad was originally built under the direction of a
+number of prominent men in the State who were anything
+but skilled in such enterprises. In the beginning of its
+career, while high officials bestowed fat offices upon friends
+and relatives, its finances were in a chaotic condition. It
+was during this state of affairs that Commodore Vanderbilt,
+with a master mind, grasped the situation and reorganized
+the whole system, thereby greatly increasing his
+own fortune, and placing the railroad upon a sound
+financial basis. After such a remarkable career "blindness
+to the future" seems unkindly given, as doubtless it
+would have been a source of great satisfaction to this
+Vanderbilt progenitor could he have known before passing
+onward that his hard-earned wealth would eventually
+enrich his descendants, even the representatives of nobility.</p>
+
+<p>I have before me an invitation to a New York Assembly,
+dated the 29th of January, 1841, addressed to my father
+and mother, which has followed my wanderings through
+seventy years. All of the managers, a list of whom I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>
+give, were representative citizens as well as prominent
+society men of the day:</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Society Men">
+<tr><td align='left'>Abm. Schermerhorn,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>J. Swift Livingston,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Edmd. Pendleton,</td><td align='left'>Jacob R. LeRoy,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>James W. Otis,</td><td align='left'>Thos. W. Ludlow,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wm. Douglas,</td><td align='left'>Chas. McEvers, Jr.,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Henry Delafield,</td><td align='left'>William S. Miller,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Henry W. Hicks,</td><td align='left'>Charles C. King.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>Abraham Schermerhorn belonged to a wealthy New
+York family, and Edmund Pendleton was a Virginian
+by birth who resided in New York where he became
+socially prominent. James W. Otis was of the Harrison
+Gray Otis family of Boston and, as I have already stated,
+I was at school with his daughter, Sally. William Douglas
+was a bachelor living in an attractive residence on
+Park Place, where he occasionally entertained his friends.
+He belonged to a thrifty family of Scotch descent and had
+two sisters, Mrs. Douglas Cruger and Mrs. James Monroe,
+whose husband was a namesake and nephew of the ex-President.
+Early in the last century their mother, Mrs.
+George Douglas, gave a ball, and I insert some doggerel
+with reference to it written by Miss Anne Macmaster,
+who later became Mrs. Charles Russell Codman of Boston.
+These verses are interesting from the fact that they
+give the names of many of the <i>belles</i> and <i>beaux</i> of that
+time:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I meant, my dear Fanny, to give you a call<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And tell you the news of the Douglases ball;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But the weather's so bad,&mdash;I've a cold in my head,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And I daren't venture out; so I send you instead<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A poetic epistle&mdash;for plain humble prose<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is not worthy the joys of this ball to disclose.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To begin with our entrance, we came in at nine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The two rooms below were prodigiously fine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the <i>coup d'oeil</i> was shewy and brilliant 'tis true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pretty faces not wanting, some old and some new.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">But, oh! my dear cousin, no words can describe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The excess of the crowd&mdash;like two swarms in one hive.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The squeezing and panting, the blowing and puffing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The smashing, the crushing, the snatching, the stuffing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I'd have given my new dress, at one time, I declare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(The white satin and roses), for one breath of air!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But oh! how full often I inwardly sighed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er the wreck of those roses, so lately my pride;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those roses, my own bands so carefully placed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As I fondly believed, with such exquisite taste.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then to see them so cruelly torn and destroyed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I assure you, my dear, I was vastly annoyed.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ballroom with garlands was prettily drest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But a small room for dancing it must be confess'd,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If you chanc'd to get in you were lucky no doubt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But oh! luckier far, if you chanced to get out!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And pray who were there? Is the question you'll ask.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To name the one half would be no easy task&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There were Bayards and Clarksons, Van Hornes and LeRoys,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All famous, you well know, for making a noise.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There were Livingstons, Lenoxes, Henrys and Hoffmans,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Crugers and Carys, Barnewalls and Bronsons,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Delanceys and Dyckmans and little De Veaux,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gouverneurs and Goelets and Mr. Picot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And multitudes more that would tire me to reckon,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But I must not forget the pretty Miss Whitten.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No particular belle claimed the general attention,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There were many, however, most worthy of mention.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lily of Leonards' might hold the first place<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For sweetness of manner, and beauty and grace.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her cousin Eliza and little Miss Gitty<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Both danc'd very lightly, and looked very pretty.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The youngest Miss Mason attracted much notice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So did Susan Le Roy and the English Miss Otis;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of <i>Beaux</i> there were plenty, some new ones 'tis true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But I won't mention names, no, not even to you.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I was lucky in getting good partners, however,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Above all, the two Emmetts, so lively and clever.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Morris and Maitland I danc'd; and with Sedgwick,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Martin Wilkins, young Armstrong and droll William Renwick.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The old lady was mightily deck'd for the Ball<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With Harriet's pearls&mdash;and the little one's shawl;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But to give her her due she was civil enough,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Only tiresome in asking the people to stuff.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">There was supper at twelve for those who could get it,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I came in too late, but I did not regret it,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For eating at parties was never my passion,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And I'm sorry to see that it's so much the fashion.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">After supper, for dancing we'd plenty of room,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And so pleasant it was, that I did not get home<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Until three&mdash;when the ladies began to look drowsy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lamps to burn dim, and the Laird to grow boosy.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ball being ended, I've no more to tell&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And so, my dear Fanny, I bid you farewell.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In the old pamphlet from which I have already quoted,
+edited in 1845 by Moses Y. Beach and compiled for the
+purpose of furnishing information concerning the status
+of New York citizens to banks, merchants and others, I
+find the following amusing description of George Douglas:
+"George Douglas was a Scotch merchant who
+hoarded closely. His wine cellar was more extensive than
+his library. When George used to see people speculating
+and idle it distressed him. He would say: 'People get
+too many <i>idees</i> in their head. Why don't they work?'
+What a blessing he is not alive in this moonshine age of
+dreamy schemings." Mr. Beach apparently was not capable
+of appreciating a thrifty Scotchman.</p>
+
+<p>This same pamphlet gives an account of a picturesque
+character whom I distinctly remember as a highly prominent
+citizen of New York. His parentage was involved
+in mystery, and has remained so until this day. I refer
+to Mr. Preserved Fish, the senior member of the firm of
+Fish, Grinnell &amp; Co., which subsequently became the
+prominent business house of Grinnell, Minturn &amp; Co.
+Sustained by the apparel peculiar to infants, he was found
+floating in the water by some New Bedford fishermen
+who, unable to discover his identity, bestowed upon him
+the uncouth name which, willingly or unwillingly, he bore
+until the day of his death. He and the other members
+of his firm were originally from New Bedford, one of the
+chief centers of the whale fisheries of New England, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>
+came to New York to attend to the oil and candle industries
+of certain merchants of the former city. Few business
+men in New York in my day were more highly respected
+for indomitable energy and personal integrity
+than Mr. Fish. He became President of the Tradesmen's
+Bank, and held other positions of responsibility and trust.
+He represented an ideal type of the self-made man, and
+in spite of an unknown origin and a ridiculous name battled
+successfully with life without a helping hand.</p>
+
+<p>In connection with the Douglas family, I recall a beautiful
+wedding reception which, as well as I can remember,
+took place in the autumn of 1850, at Fanwood, Fort
+Washington, then a suburb of New York. The bride was
+Fanny Monroe, a daughter of Colonel James Monroe,
+U.S.A., and granddaughter of Mrs. Douglas of whose
+ball I have just spoken. The groom was Douglas Robinson,
+a native of Scotland. It was a gorgeous autumn day
+when the votaries of pleasure and fashion in New York
+drove out to Fanwood, where groomsmen of social prominence
+stood upon the wide portico to greet the guests and
+conduct them to the side of the newly married pair. Mrs.
+Winfield Scott was our guest in Houston Street at the
+time, but did not accompany us to the wedding as no invitation
+had reached her. My presence reminded Mrs.
+Monroe that Mrs. Scott was in New York, and she immediately
+inquired why I had not brought her with me. As
+I gave the reason both Colonel and Mrs. Monroe seemed
+exceedingly annoyed. It seems that her invitation had
+been sent to Washington but had not been forwarded to
+her in New York. In those days Mrs. Scott's distinguished
+presence and sparkling repartee, together with
+the fact that her husband was Commander-in-Chief of
+the Army, added luster to every assemblage. The Army
+was well represented at this reception and it was truly
+"the feast of reason and the flow of soul." Colonel
+"Jimmy" Monroe was a great favorite with his former<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span>
+brother-in-arms as he was a genial, whole-souled and hospitable
+gentleman. My sister Margaret and I were accompanied
+to Fanwood by an army officer, Colonel Donald
+Fraser, a bachelor whom I had met some years before
+at West Point. The paths of the bride and myself diverged,
+and it was a very long time before we met again.
+It was only a few years ago, while she was residing temporarily
+in Washington. She was then, however, a widow
+and was living in great retirement. She is now deceased.</p>
+
+<p>When we alighted from our carriage the day of the
+Monroe-Robinson wedding at Fanwood a young man
+whom I subsequently learned was Mr. Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+junior, a cousin of the bride, walked over to me,
+asked my name and in his capacity of groomsman inquired
+whether I would allow him to present me to the
+bride. I was particularly impressed by his appearance,
+as it was unusually attractive. He had raven-black hair,
+large bluish-gray eyes and regular features; but what
+added to his charm in my youthful fancy was the fact
+that he had only recently returned from the Mexican War,
+in which, as I learned later, he had served with great gallantry
+in the 4th Artillery. I had never seen him before,
+although in thinking the matter over a few days later I
+remembered that I had met his mother and sister in society
+in New York. I did not see him again until five
+years later, when our paths crossed in Washington, and
+in due time I became his bride.</p>
+
+<p>To return to the New York Assembly in 1841. Henry
+Delafield, whose name appears on the card of invitation,
+belonged to a well-known family. His father, an Englishman
+by birth, settled in New York in 1783 and is described
+in an early city directory as "John Delafield, Insurance
+Broker, 29 Water Street." The Delafields were
+a large family of brothers and were highly prosperous.
+I remember once hearing Dr. John W. Francis say: "Put
+a Delafield on a desert island in the middle of the ocean,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>
+and he will thrive and prosper." Henry Delafield and
+his brother William were almost inseparable. They were
+twins and strikingly alike in appearance. General Richard
+Delafield, U.S.A., for many years Superintendent
+of the Military Academy at West Point, was another
+brother, as was also Dr. Edward Delafield, a physician
+of note, who lived in Bleecker Street and in 1839 married
+Miss Julia Floyd of Long Island, a granddaughter of
+William Floyd, one of the New York Signers. About
+thirty-five years ago three of the Delafield brothers,
+Joseph, Henry and Edward, all advanced in life, died
+within a few days of each other and were buried in Greenwood
+Cemetery at the same time, the funeral taking place
+from old Trinity Church. On this occasion all the old
+customs were observed, and the coffins were made of solid
+mahogany.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 313px;"><a name="img3" id="img3"></a>
+<a href="images/img03.jpg"><img src="images/img03th.jpg" width="313" height="400" alt="Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>John Swift Livingston lived in Leonard Street, and I
+recall very pleasantly a party which I attended at his
+house before the marriage of his daughter Estelle to General
+John Watts de Peyster. The latter, together with
+his first cousins, General "Phil" Kearny and Mrs. Alexander
+Macomb, inherited an enormous fortune from his
+grandfather John Watts, who was one of the most prominent
+men of his day and the founder of the Leake and
+Watts Orphan House, which is still in existence. John G.
+Leake was an Englishman who came to New York to live
+and, dying without heirs, left his fortune to Robert Watts,
+a minor son of John Watts. Robert Watts, however, did
+not long survive his benefactor. Upon his death the
+Leake will was contested by his relatives, but a decision
+was rendered in favor of the nearest kin of the boy, who
+was his father. After gaining his victory John Watts
+established this Orphan House and with true magnanimity
+placed Leake's name before his own. Jacob R. LeRoy
+lived in Greenwich Street near the Battery, which
+at this time was a fashionable section of the city. His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>
+sister Caroline, whom I knew, became the second wife of
+Daniel Webster. Mr. LeRoy's daughter Charlotte married
+Rev. Henry de Koven, whose son is the musical genius,
+Reginald de Koven. Henry W. Hicks was the son of a
+prominent Quaker merchant and a member of the firm of
+Hicks &amp; Co., which did an enormous shipping business
+until its suspension, about 1847, owing to foreign business
+embarrassments. Thomas W. Ludlow was a wealthy citizen,
+genial and most hospitably inclined. He owned a
+handsome country-seat near Tarrytown, and every now
+and then it was his pleasure to charter a steamboat to
+convey his guests thither; and I recall several pleasant
+days I spent in this manner. When we reached the Tarrytown
+home a fine collation always awaited us and in its
+wake came music and dancing. Charles McEvers, junior,
+belonged to an old New York family and was one of the
+executors of the Vanden Heuvel estate. His niece, Mary
+McEvers, married Sir Edward Cunard, who was knighted
+by Queen Victoria. William Starr Miller married a niece
+of Philip Schuyler, who was a woman possessing many
+excellent traits of character. As far as I can remember,
+she was the only divorced person of those days who was
+well received in society, for people with "past histories"
+were then regarded with marked disfavor.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER VI</h2>
+
+<h3>SOME DISTINGUISHED ACQUAINTANCES</h3>
+
+
+<p>In close proximity to St. John's Park, during my early
+life on Hubert Street, there resided a Frenchman
+named Laurent Salles, and I have a vivid recollection
+of a notable marriage which was solemnized in his mansion.
+The groom, Lispenard Stewart, married his daughter,
+Miss Louise Stephanie Salles, but the young and pretty
+bride survived her marriage for only a few years. She
+left two children, one of whom is Mrs. Frederick Graham
+Lee, whom I occasionally see in Washington, where with
+her husband she spends her winters.</p>
+
+<p>When playing in St. John's Park in this same neighborhood,
+I made the acquaintance of Margaret Tillotson Kemble,
+one of the young daughters of William Kemble already
+mentioned as living on Beach Street, opposite that Park.
+Mr. Kemble was the son of Peter Kemble, member of the
+prominent firm of "Gouverneur and Kemble," shipping
+merchants of New York, which traded with China and
+other foreign countries. This firm, the senior members of
+which were the brothers Nicholas and Isaac Gouverneur,
+was bound together by a close family tie, as Mrs. Peter
+Kemble was Gertrude Gouverneur, a sister of the two
+Gouverneur brothers. My intimacy with Margaret Tillotson
+Kemble, formed almost from the cradle, lasted without
+a break throughout life. She was a second cousin of my
+husband and married Charles J. Nourse, a member of the
+old Georgetown, D.C., family. The last years of her life
+were entirely devoted to good works. Her sister, Mary,
+married Dr. Frederick D. Lente, at one time physician to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>
+the West Point foundry, at Cold Spring, N.Y., and subsequently
+a distinguished general practitioner in New
+York and Saratoga Springs. Ellen Kemble, the other sister,
+of whom I have already spoken, never married. She
+was eminent for her piety, and her whole life was largely
+devoted to works of charity.</p>
+
+<p>The Kemble house on Beach Street was always a social
+center and I think I can truthfully say it was more than
+a second home to me. Mrs. William Kemble, who was
+Miss Margaret Chatham Seth of Maryland, was a woman
+of decided social tastes and a most efficient assistant to
+her husband in dispensing hospitality. Gathered around
+her hearthstone was a large family of girls and boys who
+naturally added much brightness to the household. Mr.
+Kemble was a well-known patron of art and his house became
+the rendezvous for persons of artistic tastes. It was
+in his drawing-room that I met William Cullen Bryant;
+Charles B. King of Washington, whose portraits are so
+well known; John Gadsby Chapman, who painted the "Baptism
+of Pocahontas," now in the rotunda of the Capitol at
+Washington; Asher B. Durand, the celebrated artist; and
+Mr. Kemble's brother-in-law, James K. Paulding, who at
+the time was Secretary of the Navy under President Martin
+Van Buren. Mr. Kemble was one of the founders of
+the Century Club of New York, a life member of the
+Academy of Design, and in 1817, at the age of twenty-one,
+in conjunction with his older brother, Gouverneur Kemble,
+established the West Point foundry, which for a long
+period received heavy ordnance contracts from the United
+States government. The famous Parrott guns were manufactured
+there. Captain Robert P. Parrott, their inventor
+and an army officer, married Mary Kemble, a sister of
+Gouverneur and William Kemble, who in early life was
+regarded as a beauty. Mr. William Kemble, apart from
+his artistic tastes, owned a number of fine pictures, among
+which was a Sappho by a Spanish master. It was given<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>
+to Mrs. Kemble by the grandfather of the late Rear
+Admiral Richard W. Meade, U.S.N. When the Kemble
+family left Beach Street and moved to West Twenty-fifth
+Street this picture was sold to Gouverneur Kemble
+for $5,000, and placed in his extensive picture gallery at
+Cold Spring.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. William Kemble was a woman of marked ability
+and an able <i>raconteurse</i>. Early in life she had been left
+an orphan and was brought up by her maternal uncle, Dr.
+Thomas Tillotson of the Eastern shore of Maryland, whose
+wife was Margaret Livingston, a daughter of Judge Robert
+R. Livingston and a sister of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston.
+Another sister of Mrs. Tillotson was the widow
+of General Richard Montgomery, of the Revolutionary
+War, who fell at the battle of Quebec. The Tillotsons,
+Livingstons and Montgomerys all owned fine residences
+near Hyde Park on the Hudson; and a close intimacy
+existed between the Tillotsons and the Kembles owing to the
+fact that Mr. Kemble's first cousin, Emily Gouverneur,
+married Mrs. Kemble's first cousin, Robert Livingston
+Tillotson. William Kemble's younger brother, Richard
+Frederick, married Miss Charlotte Morris, daughter of
+James Morris of Morrisania, N.Y.</p>
+
+<p>The summer home of William Kemble was in a large
+grove of trees at Cold Spring and life under its roof
+was indeed an ideal existence. I was their constant guest
+and although it was a simple life it teemed with beauty
+and interest. Our days were spent principally out of
+doors and the sources of amusement were always near at
+hand. As all of the Kembles were experts with the oar,
+we frequently spent many hours on the Hudson. Another
+unfailing source of pleasure was a frequent visit to West
+Point to witness the evening parade. As we knew many
+of the cadets they frequently crossed the river to take an
+informal meal or enjoy an hour's talk on the attractive
+lawn. Lieutenant Colonel (subsequently General) William<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>
+J. Hardee, who for a long time was Commandant of
+Cadets at West Point, I knew quite well. Later in his
+career he was ordered to Washington, where as a widower
+he became a social lion, devoting himself chiefly to Isabella
+Cass, a daughter of General Lewis Cass. His career in
+the Confederate Army is too well known for me to relate.
+After the Civil War I never saw him again, as he lived in
+the South. During one of my visits at the Kembles General
+Robert E. Lee was the Superintendent of the West
+Point Military Academy, but of him I shall speak hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>Among the cadets whom I recall are Henry Heth of
+Virginia, an officer who was subsequently highly esteemed
+in the Army, and who, at the breaking out of the Civil
+War, followed the fortunes of his native state and became
+a Major General in the Confederate Army; Innis N.
+Palmer, whom I met many years later in Washington
+when he had attained the rank of General; and Cadet
+Daniel M. Beltzhoover of Pennsylvania, a musical genius,
+who was a source of great pleasure to us but whose career
+I have not followed.</p>
+
+<p>At this period in the history of West Point Cozzen's
+Hotel was the only hostelry within the military enclosure.
+A man named Benny Havens kept a store in close proximity
+to the Military Academy, but as it was not upon government
+territory no cadet was allowed to enter the premises.
+Although liquor was his principal stock in trade he
+kept other articles of merchandise, but only as a cover for
+his unlawful traffic. The cadets had their weaknesses then
+as now, and as this shop was "forbidden fruit" many of
+them visited his resort under the cover of darkness. If
+caught there "after taps," the punishment was dismissal.
+The following selections from a dozen verses written by
+Lieutenant Lucius O'Brien, U.S.A., and others, which I
+remember hearing the cadets frequently sing, were set to
+the tune of "Wearing of the Green":<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Come, fill your glasses, fellows, and stand up in a row,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To singing sentimentally, we're going for to go;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the army there's sobriety, promotion's very slow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">Oh, Benny Havens, oh!&mdash;oh! Benny Havens oh!<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+</div>
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Come, fill up to our Generals, God bless the brave heroes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They're an honor to their country and a terror to her foes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May they long rest on their laurels and trouble never know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But live to see a thousand years at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Here's a health to General Taylor, whose "rough and ready" blow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Struck terror to the <i>rancheros</i> of braggart Mexico;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May his country ne'er forget his deeds, and ne'er forget to show<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">She holds him worthy of a place at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">To the "veni vidi vici" man, to Scott, the great hero,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fill up the goblet to the brim, let no one shrinking go;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May life's cares on his honored head fall light as flakes of snow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And his fair fame be ever great at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Lieutenant O'Brien died in the winter of 1841 and the
+following verse to his memory was fittingly added to his
+song:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">From the courts of death and danger from Tampa's deadly shore,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There comes a wail of manly grief, "O'Brien is no more,"<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In the land of sun and flowers his head lies pillowed low,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No more he'll sing "Petite Coquette" or Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Since then numerous other verses have been added,
+from time to time, and, for aught I know to the contrary,
+the composition is still growing. After the death of General
+Scott in 1866 the following verse was added:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Another star has faded, we miss its brilliant glow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the veteran Scott has ceased to be a soldier here below;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the country which he honored now feels a heart-felt woe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As we toast his name in reverence at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p>I wish that I could recall more of these lines as some
+of the prominent men of the Army were introduced in
+the most suggestive fashion. Benny Havens doubtless has
+been sleeping his last sleep for these many years, but I
+am sure that some of these verses are still remembered by
+many of the surviving graduates of West Point.</p>
+
+<p>In the vicinity of William Kemble's cottage at Cold
+Spring was the permanent home of his older brother, Gouverneur
+Kemble. For a few years during his earlier life
+he served as U.S. Consul at Cadiz, under the administration
+of President Monroe. His Cold Spring home was of
+historic interest and for many years was the scene of lavish
+hospitality. General Scott once remarked that he was "the
+most perfect gentleman in the United States." The most
+distinguished men of the day gathered around his table,
+and every Saturday night through the entire year a special
+dinner was served at five o'clock&mdash;Mr. Kemble despised
+the habitual three o'clock dinners of his neighbors&mdash;which
+in time became historic entertainments. This meal
+was always served in the picture gallery, an octagonal
+room filled with valuable paintings, while breakfast and
+luncheon were served in an adjoining room. All of the
+professors and many of the officers at West Point, whom
+Mr. Kemble facetiously termed "the boys," had a standing
+invitation to these Saturday evening dinners. There
+was an agreement, however, among the younger officers
+that too many of them should not partake of his hospitality
+at the same time, as his dining table would not accommodate
+more than thirty guests. How well I remember
+these older men, all of whom were officers in the Regular
+Army: Professors William H. C. Bartlett, Dennis H. Mahan,
+the father of Captain Alfred T. Mahan, U.S.N.,
+Albert E. Church, and Robert W. Weir. If by any
+chance Mr. Kemble, or "Uncle Gouv," as he was generally
+known to the family connection, was obliged to be
+absent from home, these entertainments took place just<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>
+the same, presided over by his sister, Mrs. Robert P. Parrott.
+Indeed, I recall that during a tour of Europe
+Mr. Kemble made with ex-President Van Buren these
+Saturday dinner parties were continued for at least a
+year.</p>
+
+<p>Carving was considered a fine art in those days, an accomplishment
+which has largely gone out of style since
+the introduction of dinner <i>&agrave; la Russe</i>. A law existed in
+Putnam County, in which Cold Spring is situated, which
+forbade the killing of game during certain months in the
+year. When a transgressor of this law succeeded in "laying
+low" a pair of pheasants, they were nicknamed
+"owls"; and I have seen two "owls" which, under these
+circumstances, were almost unobtainable, carved in such a
+proficient manner by "Uncle Gouv" that, although we
+numbered over a score, each person received a "satisfying"
+piece. His guests were most appreciative of his hospitality,
+and I once heard General Scott say that he would
+be willing to walk at least ten miles to be present at a
+dinner at Gouverneur Kemble's. His wines were always
+well selected as well as abundant. I have often known
+him to have a house party of many guests who had the
+privilege of remaining indefinitely if they so desired.
+The actress Fanny Kemble and her father, though not related
+to the New York family, were guests in his home
+during one of their visits to America. She was a great
+pedestrian, and I recall having a small stream of water in
+the vicinity of Cold Spring called to my notice where,
+during her rambles, she was known to stop and bathe her
+feet.</p>
+
+<p>Long before the War of the Revolution, Mr. Kemble's
+aunt, Margaret Kemble, married General Thomas Gage,
+Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in that conflict,
+and resided with him in England. While I was living in
+Frederick, Maryland, I sent "Uncle Gouv"&mdash;he was then
+an old man and very appreciative of any attention&mdash;a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>
+photograph of Whittier's heroine, Barbara Frietchie. He
+in turn sent it to Viscount Henry Gage, a relative
+of the British General. The English nobleman who was
+familiar with the Quaker poet seemed highly pleased to
+own the picture and commented favorably upon the firm
+expression of the mouth and chin of this celebrated
+woman.</p>
+
+<p>Army officers were frequently stationed at Cold Spring
+to inspect the guns cast at the Kemble foundry. Among
+these I recall with much pleasure Major Alfred Mordecai
+of the Ordnance Corps. He was a highly efficient officer
+and previous to the Civil War rendered conspicuous
+service to his country. He was a Southerner and at the
+beginning of the war is said to have requested the War
+Department to order him to some duty which did not involve
+the killing of his kinsmen. His request was denied
+and his resignation followed.</p>
+
+<p>In the midst of the Civil War, after a protracted absence
+from the country in China, I arrived in New York,
+and one of the first items of news that was told me was
+that the West Point foundry was casting guns for the
+Confederacy. I speedily learned that this rumor was altogether
+unfounded. It seems that some time before the
+beginning of hostilities the State of Georgia ordered some
+small rifled cannon from the West Point foundry with
+the knowledge and consent of the Chief of the Ordnance
+Department, General Alexander B. Dyer. Colonel William
+J. Hardee, then Commandant-of-Cadets, was selected
+to inspect these guns before delivery; but when they were
+finished the war-cloud had grown to such proportions that
+Robert P. Parrott, the head of the foundry at the time,
+Gouverneur Kemble having retired from active business
+eight or ten years previously, refused to forward them.
+They lay at the foundry for some time, and were afterwards
+bought by private parties from New York City and
+presented to the government, thereby doing active service<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span>
+against the Confederacy. In his interesting book recently
+published entitled "Retrospections of an Active Life,"
+Mr. John Bigelow refers to this unfortunate rumor. He
+says: "On the 21st of January, 1861, I met the venerable
+Professor Weir, of the West Point Military Academy,
+in the cars on our way to New York, when he told me
+that Colonel Hardee, then the Commandant-of-Cadets at the
+Academy, was buying arms for his native state of Georgia,
+and that the Kembles, whose iron works were across the
+river from West Point at Cold Spring, were filling a
+large order for him." I knew Professor Weir very well,
+and Mr. Bigelow's statement, I think, is a mistake, as all
+of the professors at West Point were too loyal to Mr.
+Gouverneur Kemble to allow wild rumors engendered by
+war to remain uncontradicted.</p>
+
+<p>This seems a fitting place to recall the pleasant friendship
+I made with General Robert E. Lee long before he
+became the Southern chieftain. I have already stated
+that when I visited Cold Spring in other days he was
+Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. He was
+a constant visitor at the Kembles, and his imposing presence
+and genial manner are so well known as to render
+a description of them altogether superfluous. Some years
+later when I was visiting at the home of General Winfield
+Scott in Washington I renewed my pleasing friendship
+with him. There existed between these two eminent
+soldiers a life-long attachment, and when the Civil War
+was raging it seemed almost impossible to realize that
+Scott and Lee represented opposite political views, as
+hitherto they had always seemed to be so completely in
+accord.</p>
+
+<p>The Cold Spring colony was decidedly sociable, and a
+dinner party at one of the many cottages was almost a
+daily occurrence. Captain and Mrs. Robert P. Parrott
+entertained most gracefully, and their residence was one
+of the show-places of that locality. I have heard Cap<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>tain
+Parrott facetiously remark that he had "made a loud
+noise in the world" by the aid of his guns.</p>
+
+<p>The first time I ever saw Washington Irving, with whom
+I enjoyed an extended friendship, was when he was a
+guest of Gouverneur Kemble. The intimate social relations
+existing between these two friends began in early
+life, and lasted throughout their careers, having been
+fostered by a frequent interchange of visits. In his
+earlier life Mr. Kemble inherited from his relative, Nicholas
+Gouverneur, a fine old estate near Newark, New Jersey,
+which bore the name of "Mount Pleasant." Washington
+Irving, however, rechristened the place "Cockloft
+Hall," and in a vein of mirth dubbed the bachelor-proprietor
+"The Patroon." Irving described this retreat in his
+"Salmagundi," and the characters there depicted which
+have been thought by many to be fanciful creations were
+in reality Gouverneur Kemble and his many friends. His
+place was subsequently sold, but the intimacy between the
+two men continued, and it has always seemed to me that
+there was much pathos connected with their friendship.
+Both of them were bachelors and owned homes of more
+than passing historic interest on the Hudson. Irving
+called Kemble's residence at Cold Spring "Bachelor's Elysium,"
+while to his own he applied the name of "Wolfert's
+Roost." In the spring of 1856 in writing to Kemble he
+said: "I am happy to learn that your lawn is green. I
+hope it will long continue so, and yourself likewise. I
+shall come up one of these days and have a roll on it with
+you"; and Kemble, upon another occasion, in urging
+Irving to visit him added as an inducement, "come and
+we will have a game of leap-frog." Referring to their last
+meeting Irving said of Kemble: "That is my friend of early
+life&mdash;always unchanged, always like a brother, one of the
+noblest beings that ever was created. His heart is pure
+gold." That was in the summer of 1859, and in the following
+November Irving died, at the ripe old age of sev<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>enty-six.
+Constant in life, let us hope that in death they
+are not separated, and that in the Silent Land</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">No morrow's mischief knocks them up.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Let the cynic who spurns the consoling influences of
+friendship ponder upon the life-intimacy of these two old
+men who, throughout the cares and turmoils of a long and
+engrossing existence, illustrated so beautifully the charm
+of such a benign relationship.</p>
+
+<p>Irving impressed me as having a genial but at the same
+time a retiring nature. He was of about the average
+height and, although quite advanced in years when I knew
+him, his hair had not changed color. His manner was exceeding
+gentle and, strange to say, with such a remarkable
+vocabulary at his command, in society he was exceedingly
+quiet. In his early life Irving was engaged to be married
+to one of his own ethereal kind, but she passed onward,
+and among his friends the subject was never broached as
+it seemed too sacred to dwell upon. Her name was Matilda
+Hoffman and she was a daughter of the celebrated
+jurist of New York, Judge Josiah Ogden Hoffman. She
+died in 1809 in her eighteenth year.</p>
+
+<p>My last meeting with Irving is vividly impressed upon
+my memory as the occasion was quite memorable. I was
+passing the winter in Washington as the guest of my
+elder sister, Mrs. Eames, who a few years before had married
+Charles Eames, Esq., of the Washington Bar. Irving,
+who was then seventy-two years old, was making a brief
+visit to the Capital and called to see me. This was in
+1855, when William M. Thackeray was on his second visit
+to this country and delivering his celebrated lectures upon
+"The Four Georges." I had scarcely welcomed Mr.
+Irving into my sister's drawing-room when Thackeray was
+announced, and I introduced the two famous but totally
+dissimilar men to each other. Thackeray was a man of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>
+powerful build and a very direct manner, but to my mind
+was not an individual to be overpowered by sentiment.
+I can not remember after the flight of so many years the
+nature of the conversation between Irving and Thackeray
+apart from the mutual interchange that ordinarily passes
+between strangers when casually presented.</p>
+
+<p>Later I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Thackeray
+quite a number of times during his sojourn in Washington
+where he was much lionized in society. One evening
+we were all gathered around the family tea table when he
+chanced to call and join us in that cup which is said to
+cheer. He entered into conversation with much enthusiasm,
+especially when he referred to his children. He
+seemed to have a special admiration for a young daughter
+of his, and related many pleasing anecdotes of her juvenile
+aptitude. I think he referred to Anne Isabella
+Thackeray (Lady Richie), who gave to the public a biographical
+edition of her father's famous works. I remember
+we drifted into a conversation upon a recently published
+novel, but the title of the book and its author I do
+not recall. At any rate, he was discussing its heroine,
+who, under some extraordinary stress of circumstances,
+was forced to walk many miles in her stocking-feet to obtain
+succor, and the whole story was thrilling in the extreme;
+whereupon the author of "Vanity Fair" exclaimed,
+"She was shoeicidal." Although he was an Englishman,
+he was not averse to a pun&mdash;even a poor one!
+I remember asking Mr. Thackeray whether during his visit
+to New York he had met Mrs. De Witt Clinton. His response
+was characteristic: "Yes, and she is a gay old
+girl!"</p>
+
+<p>James K. Paulding, the distinguished author who married
+the sister of Gouverneur and William Kemble and
+lived at Hyde Park, farther up the Hudson, frequently
+formed one of the pleasant coterie that gathered around
+"Uncle Gouv's" board. "The Sage of Lindenwald," as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>
+ex-President Martin Van Buren was frequently called by
+both friend and foe, also repeatedly came from his home
+in Kinderhook to dine with Mr. Kemble, and these memories
+call to mind a dinner I attended at "Uncle Gouv's"
+when Mr. Van Buren was the principal guest. Although
+it was many years after his retirement from the presidential
+office, the impression he made upon me was that
+of a quiet, deliberate old gentleman, who continued to be
+well versed in the affairs of state.</p>
+
+<p>A short distance from Cold Spring is Garrison's, where
+many wealthy New Yorkers have their country seats.
+Putnam County, in which both Garrison's and Cold
+Spring are located, was once a portion of Philipse Manor.
+The house in the "Upper Manor," as this tract of land
+was called, was The Grange, but over forty years ago it
+was burned to the ground. It was originally built by
+Captain Frederick Philips about 1800, and was the scene
+of much festivity. The Philipses were tories during the
+Revolution, and it is said that this property would doubtless
+have been confiscated by the government but for the
+fact that Mary Philips, who was Captain Frederick
+Philips' only child, was a minor at the close of the war in
+1783. Mary Philips, whose descendants have spelled the
+name with a final <i>e</i>, married Samuel Gouverneur, and
+their eldest son, Frederick Philipse Gouverneur, dropped
+the name Gouverneur as a surname and assumed that of
+Philipse in order to inherit a large landed estate of which
+The Grange was a conspicuous part.</p>
+
+<p>When I first visited Garrison's the Philipse family was
+living at The Grange in great elegance. Frederick
+Philipse was then a bachelor and his maiden sister, Mary
+Marston Gouverneur, presided over his establishment.
+Another sister, Margaret Philipse Gouverneur, married
+William Moore, a son of the beloved physician, Dr. William
+Moore of New York, a nephew of President Benjamin
+Moore of Columbia College and a first cousin of Clement<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>
+C. Moore who wrote the oft quoted verses, "'Twas the
+Night before Christmas," which have delighted the hearts
+of American children for so many decades.</p>
+
+<p>Frederick Philipse subsequently married Catharine
+Wadsworth Post, a member of a prominent family of New
+York. It was while Mr. and Mrs. Philipse were visiting
+her relatives that The Grange was destroyed by fire. Miss
+Mary Marston Gouverneur had ordered the chimneys
+cleaned, in the manner then prevalent, by making a fire
+in the chimney place on the first floor, in order to burn out
+the d&eacute;bris. The flames fortunately broke out on the top
+story, thus enabling members of the family to save many
+valuable heirlooms in the lower apartments. Among the
+paintings rescued and now in the possession of Frederick
+Philipse's daughters, the Misses Catharine Wadsworth
+Philipse and Margaret Gouverneur Philipse of New York,
+was the portrait of the pretty Mary Philipse, Washington's
+first love. Tradition states she refused his offer of marriage
+to become the bride of Roger Morris, an officer in the
+British Army. It is generally believed that she was the
+heroine of Cooper's "Spy;" but she had then laid aside
+the belleship of early youth and had become the intellectual
+matron of after years. Some of the other portraits rescued
+were those of Adolphus Philipse, second son of the
+first Lord of the Manor; Philip Philipse, and his wife, Margaret
+Marston, whose second husband was the Rev. John
+Ogilvie, for many years assistant minister of Trinity
+Church of New York; Margaret Philipse, younger sister of
+Mary, who married Roger Morris; Captain Frederick
+Philips, by Gilbert Stuart; Mrs. Samuel Gouverneur; Nathaniel
+Marston and his wife, Mary Crooke; and Mrs.
+Abraham Gouverneur who was the daughter of Jacob
+Leisler, at one time the Acting Governor of the Province
+of New York.</p>
+
+<p>One visit I made to the Philipses at Garrison's is
+especially fresh in my memory, as Eleanor Jones Duer, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>
+daughter of President William A. Duer of Columbia College,
+who subsequently married George T. Wilson of
+Georgia, was their guest at the same time. She was a
+woman of much culture and refinement, and in every way
+a delightful companion. A great intimacy existed for
+many years between the Gouverneurs and Philipses of
+Garrison's and the Duer family of New York. The Philipses,
+who at this time lived very much in the old-fashioned
+style, were the last of the old families with which I
+was familiar to have the cloth removed after the dessert
+was served; and in doing this an elegant mahogany table
+always kept in a highly polished condition was displayed.
+Upon it were placed the fruits, nuts and wine. Another
+custom in the Philipse family which, as far as I know,
+was unique in this country was that of having four meals
+a day. Breakfast was served at eight, luncheon at one,
+dinner at six and supper at nine o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>During another visit I made at The Grange I had the
+pleasure of meeting Mr. and Mrs. Henry Sheaffe Hoyt
+(Frances Maria Duer), who were house guests there and
+who had just returned from an extended European tour.
+She was another daughter of President Duer of Columbia
+College and died not long ago in Newport, R.I., at a very
+advanced age. Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer, a daughter
+of Mrs. Archibald Gracie King (Elizabeth Denning
+Duer), is her niece.</p>
+
+<p>Before leaving the banks of the Hudson River I must
+speak of my former associations with Newburgh. From
+my earliest life we children were in the habit of making
+frequent visits to my mother's relatives, the Roe family,
+who resided there. We all eagerly looked forward to these
+trips up the Hudson which were made upon the old <i>Thomas
+Powell</i> and later upon the <i>Mary Powell</i>. My mother's
+relative, Maria Hazard, married William Roe, one of the
+most highly respected and prosperous citizens of Newburgh.
+They lived in a stately mansion surrounded by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>
+several acres of land in the heart of the city. Mrs. Roe
+was a remarkable woman. I knew her only as an elderly
+matron; but, like women of advanced age in China, where
+I spent a number of years of my early married life, she
+controlled everyone who came within her "sphere of influence."
+I remember, for example, that upon one occasion
+when I was visiting her, Thomas Hazard Roe, her
+elder son, who at the time was over sixty years of age
+and a bachelor and who desired to go upon some hunting
+expedition, said to her: "Mother, have I your permission
+to go to the Adirondacks?" She thought for a few moments
+and replied: "Well, Hazard, I think you might go."</p>
+
+<p>About the year 1840 Newburgh was recommended by
+two of the earliest prominent homeopathic physicians of
+New York City, Doctors John F. Gray and Amos G. Hull,
+as a locality well-adapted to people affected with delicate
+lungs, and upon their advice many families built handsome
+residences there. In my early recollection Newburgh
+had a fine hotel called the Powelton, which bade
+fair to become a prominent resort for New Yorkers.
+In the zenith of its prosperity, however, it was burned to
+the ground and was never rebuilt. I hardly think that
+anyone will have the assurance to dispute the healthfulness
+of this place when I state that my cousin, Thomas
+Hazard Roe, of whom I have just spoken, died there in
+1907 after having more than rounded a full century of
+years. He was in many ways a remarkable man with a
+mind well stored with knowledge, and he retained all of
+his mental faculties unclouded until the end of his life.
+His sister, Mary Elizabeth, the widow of the late William
+C. Hasbrouck, a prominent Newburgh lawyer and a few
+years his junior, also died quite recently in Newburgh at
+the age of ninety-seven. Her son, General Henry C. Hasbrouck,
+U.S.A., also died but a short time since, but her
+daughter, Miss Maria Hasbrouck, whose whole life has been
+devoted to her family, still resides in the old homestead.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>
+The third and youngest member of this interesting trio,
+Miss Emily Maria Roe, is now living in Newburgh at an
+advanced age, surrounded by a large connection and beloved
+by everyone.</p>
+
+<p>One of the most prominent families in Newburgh in
+years gone by was that of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Powell,
+from whom the celebrated river boats were named. Mrs.
+Powell's maiden name was Mary Ludlow, and she belonged
+to a well-known New York family. Her brother, Lieutenant
+Augustus C. Ludlow, who was second in command
+on board the <i>Chesapeake</i>, under Captain James Lawrence
+of "Don't give up the ship" fame, is buried by the latter's
+side in old Trinity church-yard in New York. Mrs.
+Powell took great pride and pleasure in the boat named
+in her honor, the <i>Mary Powell</i>, and I have frequently seen
+her upon my trips up the Hudson, sitting upon the deck
+of her namesake and chatting pleasantly with those around
+her.</p>
+
+<p>Newburgh was also the home of Andrew Jackson Downing,
+the author of "Landscape Gardening," "Cottage
+Residences," and other similar works. I received my first
+knowledge of horticulture from a visit I made to his beautiful
+residence, which was surrounded by several acres.
+It was my earliest view of nature assisted by art, and to
+my untutored eye his lawn was a veritable Paradise.
+Some years later, when I was visiting the Scotts in Washington,
+Mr. Downing called and during our conversation
+told me that he had come to the Capital, upon the invitation
+of the government, to lay out the Smithsonian
+grounds. His wife was Miss Caroline De Wint of Fishkill,
+New York, a granddaughter of Mrs. Henry William
+Smith (Abigail Adams), the only daughter of President
+John Adams who reached maturity. After spending some
+months in Washington, Mr. Downing was returning to
+his Newburgh home when the <i>Henry Clay</i>, a Hudson
+River steamboat upon which he had taken passage, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>
+destroyed by fire and he perished while attempting to
+rescue some of the passengers. This was in 1852.</p>
+
+<p>There are some persons still living who will readily recall,
+in connection with social functions, the not uncommon
+name of Brown. The particular Brown to whom I
+refer was the sexton of Grace Episcopal Church, on the
+corner of Broadway and Tenth Street, where many of the
+<i>soi-disant cr&egrave;me de la cr&egrave;me</i> worshiped. He must have
+possessed a christian name, but if so I never heard it for
+he was only plain Brown, and Brown he was called. He
+was born before the days when spurious genealogical
+charts are thrust at one, <i>nolens volens</i>; but probably this
+was lucky for him and the public was spared much that
+is uninteresting. In connection with his duties at Grace
+Church he came in contact with many fashionable people,
+and was enabled to add materially to his rather small income
+by calling carriages from the doorsteps for the society
+folk of the great metropolis. In this and other ways his
+pursuits gradually became so varied that in time he might
+have been safely classed among the <i>dilettanti</i>. The most
+remarkable feature of his career, however, was the fact
+that, in spite of his humble calling, he became a veritable
+social dictator, and many an ambitious mother with a thousand-dollar
+ball upon her hands (this being about the
+usual sum spent upon an evening entertainment at that
+time), lacked the courage to embark upon such a venture
+without first seeking an interview with Brown. I knew
+but little about his powers of discrimination, as we as a
+family never found his services necessary, but when requested
+I know he furnished to these dependent hostesses
+lists of eligible young men whom he deemed proficient in
+the polka and mazurka, the fashionable dances of the day.
+Strange as it may appear, I can vouch for the truth of
+the statement that many an exclusive hostess was glad to
+avail herself of these lists of the accommodating Brown.
+The dances just mentioned were, by the way, introduced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>
+into this country by Pierro Saracco, an Italian master
+who taught me to dance, and who was quite popular in the
+fashionable circles of his day. Many years later, when
+I was residing in Maryland, he came to Frederick several
+times a week and gave dancing lessons to my two older
+daughters.</p>
+
+<p>Brown was a pleasant, genial, decidedly "hail-fellow-well-met"
+man, as I remember him, and was in a way
+the precursor of Ward McAllister, though of course on a
+decidedly more unpretentious plane. One cannot but express
+surprise at the consideration with which Brown's
+<i>prot&eacute;g&eacute;s</i> were treated by the <i>&eacute;lite</i>, nor can one deny that
+the social destinies of many young men were the direct
+result of his strenuous efforts. I remember, for example,
+one of these who at the time was "a youth to fortune and
+to fame unknown," whom Brown took under his sheltering
+wing and whose subsequent social career was shaped
+by him. He is of foreign birth, with a pleasing exterior
+and address and, through the instrumentality of his humble
+friend who gave him his first start, is to-day, although
+advanced in life, one of the most conspicuous financiers
+in New York, and occasionally has private audiences with
+presidents and other magnates. Moreover, I feel certain
+that he will welcome this humble tribute to his benefactor
+with much delight, as the halo which now surrounds his
+brow he owes in a large degree to his early introduction
+into the smart set by the sexton of Grace Church. The
+last I ever heard of Brown, he visited Europe. After his
+return from his well-earned holiday he died and was laid
+to rest in his own native soil. Peace to Brown's ashes&mdash;his
+work was well done! It cannot be said of him, as of
+many others, that he lived in vain, as he was doubtless
+the forerunner of the later and more accomplished leader
+and dictator of New York's "Four Hundred."</p>
+
+<p>A poetaster paid him the following facetious tribute:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh, glorious Brown, thou medley strange<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Of churchyard, ballroom, saint, and sinner,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flying by morn through fashion's range<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And burying mortals after dinner.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Walking one day with invitations,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Passing the next at consecrations,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tossing the sod at eve on coffins,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With one hand drying tears of orphans,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And one unclasping ballroom carriage,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or cutting plumcake up for marriage;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dusting by day the pew and missal,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sounding by night the ballroom whistle,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Admitted free through fashion's wicket,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And skilled at psalms, at punch, and cricket.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>An amusing anecdote is told of Brown's financial <i>prot&eacute;g&eacute;</i>
+whose name I have withheld. When he was still
+somewhat uncertain of his social status he received an invitation
+to a fancy ball given by a fashionable matron.
+This recognition he regarded as a conspicuous social triumph,
+and in his desire to do the proper thing he sought
+William R. Travers&mdash;"Bill Travers," as he was generally
+called&mdash;to ask his advice in regard to the proper costume
+for him to wear. The inquiring social aspirant had a
+head well-denuded of hair, and Mr. Travers, after a moment's
+hesitation, wittingly replied: "Sugarcoat your
+head and go as a pill!"</p>
+
+<p>Though not a professional wit, Brown was at least capable
+of making a pun quite equal to those inflicted upon
+society by some of his superiors. As sexton of Grace
+Church, he officiated at the wedding of Miss Phoebe Lord,
+a daughter of Daniel Lord, whose marriage to Henry Day,
+a rising young lawyer, was solemnized in this edifice. At
+the close of the reception following the marriage ceremony
+someone laughingly called upon Brown for a toast. He
+was equal to the occasion as he quickly replied: "This is
+the Lord's Day!"</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER VII</h2>
+
+<h3>FASHION AND LETTERS</h3>
+
+
+<p>One of the show places of New York State, many
+years ago, was the residence of John Greig, a
+polished Scotch gentleman who presided with
+dignity over his princely estate in Canandaigua in central
+New York, and there dispensed a generous hospitality.
+Mr. Greig was the agent for some of the English nobility,
+many of whom owned extensive tracts of land in America.
+The village of Canandaigua was also the home of the
+Honorable Francis Granger, a son of Gideon Granger,
+Postmaster General under Jefferson and Madison. Francis
+Granger was the Postmaster General for a brief
+period under President William Henry Harrison, but the
+latter died soon after his inauguration and his successor
+did not retain him in his cabinet. It is said of Francis
+Granger that he was a firm believer in the words of ex-Governor
+William L. Marcy in the United States Senate in
+1832 that "to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy,"
+and that during his month of cabinet service eighteen
+hundred employees in his department were dismissed.
+The Democrats evidently thought that "turn about was
+fair play," as a few years later, under President Polk,
+the work of decapitation was equally active. Ransom H.
+Gillett, Register of the Treasury at that time, became so
+famous at head-chopping, that he was soon nicknamed
+"Guillotine."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Granger, with his fine physique and engaging manner
+(he was often called "the handsome Frank Granger"),
+was well adapted to the requirements of social life and
+especially to those of the National Capital, where the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>
+<i>beaux esprits</i> usually congregated. His only daughter,
+Adele Granger, often called "the witty Miss Granger,"
+was at school at Madame Chegaray's with my elder sister
+Fanny, and in my earlier life was frequently a guest in
+our Houston Street home, prior to her sojourn in Washington,
+where her father for many years represented his
+district in Congress. We looked forward to her visits as
+one anticipates with delight a ray of sunshine. She was
+always assured of the heartiest of welcomes in Washington,
+where she was the center of a bright and intellectual
+circle. She finally married Mr. John E. Thayer, a Boston
+capitalist, and after his death became the wife of the
+Hon. Robert C. Winthrop of the same city. She presided
+with grace over a summer home in Brookline and a winter
+residence in Boston, at both of which she received hosts
+of distinguished guests. To illustrate the importance
+with which she was regarded, one of her guests remarked
+to me, during one of my visits at the Brookline home, that
+Mrs. Winthrop was more than one woman&mdash;that in that
+locality she was considered an "institution." In the latter
+part of Mr. Winthrop's life I received a very graceful
+note from him enclosing the following ode written by him
+in honor of the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Boston, Mass.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+90 Marlborough Street, 20 Feb'y 1888.</p>
+
+
+<p>Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p>
+
+<p>Your kind note and the pamphlet reached me this morning.
+I thank you for them both.</p>
+
+<p>I have lost no time in hunting up a spare copy of my
+little Ode on the Queen's Jubilee.</p>
+
+<p>I threw it into a newspaper with not a little misgiving.
+I certainly did not dream that it would be asked for by a
+lady seven or eight months after its date. I appreciate
+the compliment.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Yours truly,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Robt. C. Winthrop.</span></p>
+
+<p>Mrs. M. Gouverneur.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='indent4'>ODE.</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Not as our Empress do we come to greet thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Augusta Victoria,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On this auspicious Jubilee:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wide as old England's realms extend,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">O'er earth and sea,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her flag in every clime unfurled,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her morning drum-beat compassing the world,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet here her sway Imperial finds an end,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In our loved land of Liberty!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nor is it as our Queen for us to hail thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Excellent Majesty,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">On this auspicious Jubilee:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Long, long ago our patriot fathers broke<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The tie which bound us to a foreign yoke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And made us free;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Subjects thenceforward of ourselves alone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We pay no homage to an earthly throne,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Only to God we bend the knee!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Still, still, to-day and here, thou hast a part,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Illustrious Lady,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In every honest Anglo-Saxon heart,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Albeit untrained to notes of loyalty:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As lovers of our old ancestral race,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In reverence for the goodness and the grace<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which lends thy fifty years of Royalty<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A monumental glory on the Historic page,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Emblazoning them forever as the Victorian Age;<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For all the virtue, faith and fortitude,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The piety and truth<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which mark thy noble womanhood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">As erst thy golden youth,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We also would do honor to thy name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Joining our distant voices to the loud acclaim<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which rings o'er earth and sea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In attestation of the just renown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy reign has added to the British Crown!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Meanwhile no swelling sounds of exultation<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Can banish from our memory,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">On this auspicious Jubilee,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">A saintly figure standing at thy side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The cherished consort of thy power and pride,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Through weary years the subject of thy tears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And mourned in every nation,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose latest words a wrong to us withstood,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The friend of peace,&mdash;Albert, the Wise and Good!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Robert C. Winthrop.</span></p>
+
+<p>Boston, June, 1887.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At Geneseo, in the beautiful Genesee Valley, and a few
+miles from Canandaigua, in one of the most fertile portions
+of the State of New York, resided a contemporary
+and friend of Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Miss Elizabeth
+Wadsworth, a daughter of James Wadsworth, a well-known
+philanthropist and one of the wealthiest landed
+proprietors in the state. He was also the father of Major
+General James S. Wadsworth, a defeated candidate for
+Governor of New York, who was killed in 1864 at the battle
+of the Wilderness. Miss Wadsworth was celebrated
+for her grace of manner. I had the pleasure of knowing
+her quite well in New York, where she generally passed
+her winters. Quite early in life and before the period
+when the fair daughters of America had discovered, to
+any great extent, the advantages of matrimonial alliances
+with foreign <i>partis</i>, she married the Honorable Charles
+Augustus Murray, a member of the English Parliament
+and of a Scotch family, the head of which was the Earl
+of Dunmore. She lived but a few years, and died in
+Egypt, where her husband was Consul General, leaving
+a young son. Her husband's ancestor, John Murray, Lord
+Dunmore, was the last Colonial Governor of Virginia. It
+has been asserted that but few, if any, Colonial Governors,
+not even the sportive Lord Cornbury of New York who,
+upon state occasions, dressed himself up in female attire
+in compliment to his royal cousin, Queen Anne, had quite
+as eventful a career. Lord Dunmore originally came to
+America as Governor of the Province of New York, but
+was subsequently transferred to Virginia. While in New
+York he was made President of the St. Andrew's Society,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>
+a Scotch organization which had been in existence about
+twenty years and whose first President was Philip Livingston,
+the Signer. In an old New York directory of
+1798 I find the following names of officers of this society
+for the preceding year: Walter Ruturfurde (sic), President;
+Peter M'Dougall and George Turnbull, Vice Presidents;
+George Douglass, Treasurer; George Johnson, Secretary;
+John Munro, Assistant Secretary; the Rev. John
+M. Mason and the Rev. John Bisset, Chaplains; Dr. James
+Tillary, Physician; and William Renwick, James Stuart,
+John Knox, Alexander Thomson, Andrew D. Barclay, and
+John M'Gregor, Managers.</p>
+
+<p>It was not at all flattering to the pride of Virginia that
+Lord Dunmore lingered so long in New York after his
+order of transfer to the Old Dominion. He also greatly
+incurred the displeasure of the Virginians by occasionally
+dissolving their Assembly, and they found him generally
+inimical to their interests. Finally matters were brought
+to an issue, and Dunmore, in defense of his conduct,
+issued a proclamation against "a certain Patrick Henry
+and his deluded followers." His final act was the burning
+of Norfolk in 1776, which at that time was the most
+flourishing city in Virginia. During Lord Dunmore's life
+in Colonial Virginia, a daughter was born to him and
+at the request of the Assembly was named "Virginia." It
+is said that subsequently a provision was made by the
+Provincial Legislature, by virtue of which she was to receive
+a very large sum of money when she became of age.
+Meanwhile, the War of the Revolution severed the yoke
+of Great Britain, and Lord Dunmore returned to England
+with his family. Time passed and the little girl born in
+the Virginia colony grew into womanhood. Her father
+had died and as her circumstances became contracted she
+addressed a letter to Thomas Jefferson, then President of
+the United States, under the impression that he was Governor
+of Virginia. Jefferson sent the letter to James Mon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>roe,
+who was then Governor of Virginia, and he in turn
+referred it to the Legislature of that State. This letter
+is now in my possession and is as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Sir:</p>
+
+<p>I am at a loss how to begin a letter in which I am desirous
+of stating claims that many long years have been
+forgotten, but which I think no time can really annihilate
+until fulfilment has followed the promise. I imagine that
+you must have heard that during my father Dunmore's
+residence in America I was born and that the Assembly,
+then sitting at Williamsburg, requested that I might be
+their God-daughter and christened by the name of Virginia;
+which request being complied with, they purposed
+providing for me in a manner suitable to the honor they
+conferred upon me and to the responsibility they had
+taken on themselves. I was accordingly christened as the
+God-daughter of that Assembly and named after the State.
+Events have since occurred which in some measure may
+have altered the intentions then expressed in my favor.
+These were (so I have understood) that a sum of money
+should be settled upon me which, accumulating during my
+minority, would make up the sum of one hundred thousand
+pounds when I became of age. It is true many
+changes may have taken place in America, but that
+fact still remains the same. I am still the God-daughter
+of the Virginians. By being that, may I not flatter
+myself I have some claims upon their benevolence
+if not upon their justice? May I not ask that State,
+especially you, sir, their Governor, to fulfil in some respects
+the engagements entered into by their predecessors?
+Your fathers promised mine that I should become their
+charge. I am totally unprovided for; for my father died
+without making a will. My brothers are married, having
+families of their own; and not being bound to do anything
+for me, they regard with indifference my unprotected and
+neglected situation. Perhaps I ought not to mention this
+circumstance as a proper inducement for you to act upon;
+nor would I, were it not my excuse for wishing to remind
+you of the claims I now advance. I hope you will feel my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>
+right to your favor and protection to be founded on the
+promises made by your own fathers, and in the situation
+in which I stand with regard to the State of Virginia.
+You will ask, sir, why my appeal to your generosity and
+justice has been so tardy. While my father lived, I lived
+under his protection and guidance. He had incurred the
+displeasure of the Virginians and he feared an application
+from me would have seemed like one from him. At
+his decease I became a free agent. I had taken no part
+which could displease my God-fathers, and myself remained
+what the Assembly had made me&mdash;their God-daughter,
+consequently their charge. I wish particularly
+to enforce my dependence upon your bounty; for I feel
+hopes revive, which owe their birth to your honor and
+generosity, and to that of the State whose representative
+I now address. Now that my father is no more, I am certain
+they and you will remember what merited your esteem
+in his character and conduct and forget that which
+estranged your hearts from so honorable a man. But
+should you not, you are too just to visit what you deem
+the sins of the father upon his luckless daughter.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>I am, sir, your obt. etc.</p></div>
+
+<p>In 1831 the small but pretty Gramercy Park in New
+York was established by Samuel B. Ruggles. I have
+heard that this plot of ground was originally used as a
+burying ground by Trinity parish. As I first recollect
+the spot, there were but four or five dwellings in its vicinity.
+One of the earliest was built by James W.
+Gerard, a prominent lawyer, who was regarded as a most
+venturesome pioneer to establish his residence in such a
+remote locality. Next door to Mr. Gerard, a few years later,
+lived George Belden, whose daughter Julia married Frederick
+S. Tallmadge. Mr. Tallmadge died only a few years ago,
+highly respected and esteemed by a large circle of friends.</p>
+
+<p>In 1846 I was one of the guests at a fashionable wedding
+in a residence on the west side of this park, which
+was possibly the first ceremony of the kind to take place<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>
+in this then remote region. The bride's mother, the
+widow of Richard Armistead of New Bern, N.C., who
+habitually spent her winters in New York, had purchased
+the house only a few months previously. The bride,
+Susan Armistead, was an intimate friend of mine, and a
+well-known belle in both the North and the South. The
+groom, a resident of New York, was John Still Winthrop,
+of the same family as the Winthrops of Massachusetts.
+The guests composed an interesting assemblage of the old
+<i>r&eacute;gime</i>, many of whose descendants are now in the background.
+I met on that occasion many old friends, among
+whom the Kings, Gracies, Winthrops and Rogers predominated.
+Mrs. De Witt Clinton honored the occasion,
+dressed in the fashion of a decade or two previous. Her
+presence was a very graceful act as she then but seldom
+appeared in society, her only view of the gay world being
+from her own domain. Her peculiarity in regard to dress
+was very marked as she positively declined to change it
+with the prevailing style but clung tenaciously to the old-fashioned
+<i>modes</i> to the end of her life. Miss Armistead
+was an ideal-looking bride in her white dress and long
+tulle veil and carried, according to the custom then prevalent,
+a large flat bouquet of white japonicas with white
+lace paper around the stems. In the dining-room, a handsome
+collation was served, with a huge wedding cake at
+one end of the table and pomegranates, especially sent
+from the bride's southern home, forming a part of the
+repast. The health of the newly wedded couple was
+drunk in champagne and good cheer prevailed on every
+side. The whole house bore a happy aspect with its floral
+decorations and its bright Liverpool coal fires burning in
+the grates. Furnaces, by the way, were then unknown.
+In New York there was at that time a strong prejudice
+against anthracite coal, and Liverpool coal was therefore
+generally used, the price of which was fifteen dollars a
+ton. I have many close and tender associations connected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>
+with this bride of so many years ago, especially as our
+friendship, formed in our early life, still extends to
+her descendants. Some years after Mrs. Winthrop's
+marriage, and in her earlier widowhood, four generations
+traveled together, and then, as at other times,
+dwelt under the same roof. They were Mrs. Nathaniel
+Smith, Mrs. Richard Armistead, Mrs. John S. Winthrop
+and her son, John S. Winthrop, who, with his interesting
+family, now resides in Tallahassee.</p>
+
+<p>In 1841, Lord Morpeth, the seventh Earl of Carlisle and
+a worthy specimen of the English nobility, visited the
+United States, and while here investigated the subject of
+the inheritance of slaves by English subjects. His report
+seems to have been favorably received, as a law was passed
+subsequent to his return declaring it illegal for Englishmen
+to hold slaves through inheritance. England's sympathetic
+heart about this time was in a perennial throb
+for "the poor Africans in chains," apparently quite oblivious
+to the fact that the "chains" had been introduced
+and cemented by her fostering hand.</p>
+
+<p>I recall with unusual pleasure an entertainment where
+Lord Morpeth was the guest of honor, at the residence of
+William Bard on College Place, at that time a fashionable
+street in the vicinity of old Columbia College. I have
+always remembered the occasion as I was then introduced
+to Lord Morpeth and enjoyed a long and pleasant conversation
+with him. Our host was a son of Dr. Samuel Bard,
+physician to General Washington during the days when
+New York was the seat of government.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 319px;"><a name="img4" id="img4"></a>
+<a href="images/img04.jpg"><img src="images/img04th.jpg" width="319" height="400" alt="Mrs. John Still Winthrop, n&eacute;e Armistead, by Sully
+From a portrait owned by John Still Winthrop of Tallahassee." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Mrs. John Still Winthrop, n&eacute;e Armistead, by Sully</span><br />
+<span class='caption2'><i>From a portrait owned by John Still Winthrop of Tallahassee.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. John Austin Stevens lived on Bleecker
+Street and had a number of interesting daughters. They
+were an intellectual family and I attended an entertainment
+given by them in honor of Martin Farquhar Tupper,
+the author of "Proverbial Philosophy." Mr. Stevens'
+sister, Lucretia Ledyard Stevens, married Mr. Richard
+Heckscher of Philadelphia.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Another gentlewoman of the same period was Mrs.
+Laura Wolcott Gibbs, wife of Colonel George Gibbs of
+Newport. The first Oliver Wolcott, a Signer, Governor of
+Connecticut and General in the Revolutionary War, was
+her grandfather; while the second of the same name,
+Secretary of the Treasury under Washington and Adams,
+Governor of his State and United States Judge, was her
+father. I am in the fullest sympathy with the following
+remarks concerning her made at her funeral by the Rev.
+Dr. Henry W. Bellows: "I confess I always felt in the
+presence of Mrs. Gibbs as if I were talking with Oliver
+Wolcott himself, and saw in her self-reliant, self-asserting
+and independent manner and speech an unmistakable
+copy of a strong and thoroughly individual character,
+forged in the hottest fires of national struggle. The intense
+individuality of her nature set her apart from others.
+You felt that from the womb she must have been just
+what she was&mdash;a piece of the original granite on which the
+nation was built.... The force, the courage, the self-poise
+she exhibited in the ordinary concerns of our peaceful
+life would in a masculine frame have made, in times
+of national peril, a patriot of the most decided and energetic
+character&mdash;one able and willing to believe all things
+possible, and to make all the efforts and sacrifices by which
+impossibilities are accomplished."</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Gibbs was literally steeped and moulded in the
+traditions of the past; in fact, she was a reminder of the
+noble women of the Revolutionary era, many of whom
+have left records behind them. She was gifted with a
+keen sense of humor, and her talent in repartee was proverbial.
+Although many years my senior, I found delightful
+companionship in her society, and her home was always
+a great resource to me. Her accomplished daughter,
+the wife of Captain Theophile d'Oremieulx, U.S.A.,
+was particularly skilled in music. Her son, Wolcott
+Gibbs, the distinguished Professor of Harvard University,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>
+maintained to the last the high intellectual standard of
+his ancestors. He died several years ago. I was informed
+by his mother that at one period of its history Columbia
+College desired to secure his services as a professor, but
+that the Hon. Hamilton Fish, one of its trustees and an
+uncompromising Episcopalian, objected on the ground of
+his Unitarian faith and was sustained by the Board of
+Trustees. It seemed a rather inconsistent act, as at another
+period of its history a Hebrew was chosen as a member
+of the same faculty.</p>
+
+<p>As nearly as I can remember, it was in the summer of
+1845 that I spent several weeks as the guest of the
+financier and author, Alexander B. Johnson, in Utica,
+New York. Mrs. Johnson's maiden name was Abigail
+Louisa Smith Adams, and she was the daughter of Charles
+Adams, son of President John Adams. During my sojourn
+there her uncle, John Quincy Adams, came to Utica
+to visit his relatives, and I had the pleasure of being a
+guest of the family at the same time. He was accompanied
+upon this trip by his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Charles
+Francis Adams, a young grandson whose name I do not
+recall, and the father of Mrs. Adams, Peter C. Brooks, of
+Boston, another of whose daughters was the wife of Edward
+Everett. Upon their arrival in Utica, the greatest
+enthusiasm prevailed, and the elderly ex-President was
+welcomed by an old-fashioned torchlight procession. In
+response to many urgent requests, Mr. Adams made an
+impromptu speech from the steps of the Johnson house,
+and proved himself to be indeed "the old man eloquent."
+Although he was not far from eighty years old, he was
+by no means lacking in either mental or physical vitality.
+Mrs. Charles Francis Adams impressed me as a woman of
+unusual culture and intellectuality, while her father, Peter
+C. Brooks, was a genial old gentleman whom everyone
+loved to greet. He was at that time one of Boston's millionaires;
+and many years later I heard his grandson, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>
+late Henry Sidney Everett, of Washington, son of Edward
+Everett, say of him that when he first arrived in
+Boston he was a youth with little or no means.</p>
+
+<p>After the Adams party had rested for a few days a
+pleasure trip to Trenton Falls, in Oneida County, was
+proposed. A few prominent citizens of Utica were invited
+by the Johnsons to accompany the party, and
+among them several well-known lawyers whose careers won
+for them a national as well as local reputation. Among
+these I may especially mention the handsome Horatio Seymour,
+then in his prime, whose courteous manners and
+manly bearing made him exceptionally attractive. Mr.
+Adams bore the fatigue of the trip remarkably well and
+his strength seemed undiminished as the day waned.
+His devoted daughter-in-law remained constantly beside
+him while at the Falls to administer to his comfort and
+attend to his wants; in fact, she was so solicitous concerning
+him that she requested that she might, in going and
+coming, occupy a carriage as near him as possible. I cannot
+but regard her as a model for many of the present
+generation who fail to be deeply impressed by either merit
+or years.</p>
+
+<p>The Adamses were charming guests, and I have always
+felt that I was highly privileged to visit under the
+same roof with them, and especially to listen to the words
+of wisdom of the venerable ex-President. I have heard
+it stated, by the way, that during his official life in Washington,
+Mr. Adams took a daily bath in the Potomac.
+This luxury he must have missed in Utica, as at this time
+it offered no opportunities for a plunge except in the
+"raging canal." Mrs. Charles Francis Adams accompanied
+her husband when he went to England, during our
+Civil War, to represent the United States at the Court of
+St. James. The consummate manner in which he conducted
+our relations with Great Britain at that critical
+period marked him as an accomplished statesman and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>
+diplomatist of the rarest skill. The nature of his task
+was one of extreme delicacy, and it is highly probable that,
+but for his masterly efforts, England would have recognized
+the independence of the Southern Confederacy.
+The energy and fidelity with which he met the requirements
+of his mission undermined his health and, returning
+to this country, he retired to his old home in
+Quincy.</p>
+
+<p>While in Utica I drove in the family carriage with Mrs.
+Johnson and her sister, Mrs. John W. King, to Peterboro,
+about twenty-five miles distant, to visit Mr. and Mrs.
+Gerrit Smith. Mr. Smith had already commenced his
+crusade against slavery, and the family antipathy to the
+institution was so strong that two of his nieces, sisters of
+General John Cochrane, who later became President of the
+Society of the Cincinnati, refused to wear dresses made of
+cotton because it was a Southern staple. As I remember
+this great anti-slavery agitator, he was a remarkably handsome
+man with an air of enthusiasm which seemed to pervade
+his whole being. From 1853 to 1855 he was in Congress,
+and I had the pleasure of listening to one of his
+scathing speeches on the floor of the House of Representatives
+in denunciation of slavery. I recall his unusual felicity
+in the use of Scriptural quotations, one of which
+still lingers in my ears: "Where the spirit of the Lord
+is there is liberty." His daughter Elizabeth married
+Charles Dudley Miller, a prominent citizen of Utica. She
+was a woman of very pronounced views, as may be judged,
+in part, by the fact that some years after my marriage,
+and while living in Washington, I met her by accident
+one day at the Capitol and to my surprise discovered that
+she was wearing bloomers!</p>
+
+<p>In September, 1849, I was returning to my home in
+New York from another visit to the Johnsons in Utica,
+when, upon the invitation of Mrs. Hamilton Fish, whose
+husband was then Governor of the Empire State, I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>
+stopped in Albany and visited them. They were of course
+occupying the gubernatorial mansion, but its exact location
+I cannot exactly recall. Life was exceedingly simple
+in the middle of the last century, even in the wealthiest
+families, and through all these years I seem to remember
+but a single incident connected with the family life of
+these early friends&mdash;the trivial fact that the breakfast
+hour was seven o'clock. Mrs. Fish was a model mother
+and was surrounded by a large and interesting family of
+children, some of whom are among the highly prominent
+people of the present time.</p>
+
+<p><i>Apropos</i> of the Fish children, an amusing story is told
+of the keen sense of humor of the late William M. Evarts,
+who presented in every-day life such a stern exterior.
+When, on one occasion, he was a guest of the Fish family
+at their summer home on the Hudson, his attention was
+called to a large and beautifully executed painting of a
+group of children which, as was quite apparent, was
+greatly treasured by the ex-Governor. Mr. Evarts gazed
+upon the portrait for some minutes in silence and then
+exclaimed in a low tone, "little Fishes." Mr. Fish stood
+near his guest but, not catching the exact drift of his remark,
+replied: "Sir, I do not understand." The bright
+response was: "Yes, I said little fishes, <i>sardines</i>,"&mdash;reminding
+one of Artemus Ward's definition of sardines,
+"little fishes biled in ile."</p>
+
+<p>Another witticism of Mr. Evarts's which seems to me
+deserving of preservation is said to have been uttered
+during his residence in Washington, when he was Secretary
+of State under President Hayes. A party of distinguished
+Englishmen was visiting the National Capital and
+Mr. Evarts escorted it to Mount Vernon. After inspecting
+the mansion and the grave of Washington the party
+walked to the end of the lawn to view the attractive scenery
+of the Potomac River. One of the Englishmen who
+seemed decidedly more conversant with certain phases of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>
+American history than the others asked Mr. Evarts
+whether it were really true that Washington could throw
+a shilling across the Potomac. "Yes," said Mr. Evarts,
+in a diplomatic tone, "it is quite true." The same evening
+at a dinner, the Secretary of State repeated the conversation
+to a mutual friend and added: "He could do
+even better than that; he could toss a Sovereign across
+the Atlantic!"</p>
+
+<p>The day after my arrival in Albany, President Zachary
+Taylor and his suite were the guests of Governor and Mrs.
+Fish, and the same day a dinner was given in his honor
+which was attended by prominent State officials. Meanwhile,
+a concourse of people had surrounded the mansion,
+anxious to see the President and to demand a speech.
+Old "Rough and Ready" appeared at an open window
+and faced the multitude, but was not as "ready" in
+speech as with his sword. He made a brave attempt, however,
+to gratify the people, but he seemed exceedingly
+feeble and his voice was decidedly weak. In the course
+of his remarks his aide and son-in-law, Colonel William W.
+S. Bliss, came to his rescue and prompted him, as it were,
+from behind the scenes; so that everything passed off, as
+I understood the next day, to the satisfaction of his audience.
+Possibly this was one of Taylor's last appearances
+in public, as he died the following summer.</p>
+
+<p>Although Mrs. Fish was at this time a comparatively
+young woman, she presided over the Governor's mansion
+with the same grace and ease so characteristic of her
+career in Washington when her husband was Secretary of
+State under President Grant. In my opinion, and I
+know but few who had a better opportunity of judging,
+Mrs. Fish was in many respects a remarkable woman.
+For eight years her home was a social center, and
+she was regarded as the social dictator of the Grant administration.
+When any perplexing questions of a social
+nature arose during her <i>r&eacute;gime</i>, the general inquiry was:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>
+"What does Mrs. Fish say?" This in time became a
+standing joke, but it illustrates the fact that her decisions
+usually were regarded as final.</p>
+
+<p>One of the social leaders in New York during my
+younger life was Mrs. Isaac Jones, who, in her own set,
+was known as "Bloody Mary." Why this name was applied
+to her I cannot say, as she was not in the least
+either cruel or revengeful, as far as I knew, but on the
+contrary was suave and genial to an unusual degree. She
+lived on Broadway, directly opposite the site where the
+New York Hotel formerly stood, and her entertainments
+were both numerous and elaborate. She was one of the
+daughters of John Mason, who began life as a tailor but
+left at his death an estate valued at a million dollars,
+which was a large fortune for those days. Isaac Jones
+was president of the Chemical Manufacturing Company
+and later became prominently connected with the Chemical
+Bank of New York. A brother of Mrs. Jones married
+Miss Emma Wheatley, a superior young woman who,
+unfortunately for her father-in-law's peace of mind, was
+an actress. This alliance was most distasteful to the whole
+Mason connection, and when John Mason was approaching
+death George W. Strong, a prominent lawyer, was
+hastily summoned by his daughters to draft his will. Almost
+immediately following Mr. Mason's funeral a legal
+battle was commenced over his estate. He left outright
+to his three daughters their proportionate share of his
+fortune, but to his son who had displeased him by his
+marriage he devised an annuity of only fifteen hundred
+dollars. Charles O'Conor, the counsel for the son, in his
+argument in behalf of his client, said that Mr. Mason's
+daughters, instead of sending for a clergyman to console
+his dying moments, had demanded the immediate presence
+of a respectable lawyer, "a lawyer so respectable
+that throughout his entire practice he never had a poor
+client." Mr. O'Conor succeeded in breaking this will,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>
+and young Mason was given his proper share in his father's
+estate.</p>
+
+<p>One of John Mason's daughters became the wife of
+Gordon Hammersley, whose son Louis married the beautiful
+Miss Lilly Warren Price of Troy, the daughter of
+Commodore Cicero Price of the United States Navy.
+She subsequently married the Duke of Marlborough, and
+afterwards Lord William Beresford. The Marlborough-Hammersley
+ceremony was performed in this country by
+a justice of the peace, and the new Duchess of Marlborough
+went to England to live upon her husband's depleted
+estates. It is said that she was allowed by her late husband's
+family an annual income of one hundred and fifty
+thousand dollars; and Blenheim, which had long felt the
+strain of "decay's effacing fingers," began again, through
+the agency of the Hammersley wealth, to resemble the
+structure once occupied by that tyrant of royalty, the imperious
+Sarah Jennings.</p>
+
+<p>Very little seemed to be known about Louis Hammersley,
+as he lived a retired life, and when seen in public was almost
+invariably accompanied by his father, Gordon Hammersley.
+When the two appeared upon the street, they
+were sometimes facetiously dubbed "Dombey and Son."
+They were familiar figures on Broadway, where they invariably
+walked arm in arm. John Hammersley, a
+brother of Gordon, was the &aelig;sthetic member of this well-known
+family. One of his pet diversions was the giving
+of unusual, and sometimes sensational, dinners. To celebrate
+the completion of the trans-continental railroad, he
+planned what he called a Roman dinner. His guests were
+furnished with togas and partook of the meal in a reclining
+position, like the Romans of old. This unique entertainment
+was, of course, thoroughly enjoyed, but did not
+become <i>&agrave; la mode</i> as the flowing toga could hardly compete
+with trim waistcoats and clinging trousers, even on
+festive occasions.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Fifty years ago, more or less, a house was erected in
+New York on the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and
+Fifteenth Street by Mrs. Charles Maverick Parker, and,
+to the astonishment of Gothamites, it was said to have
+cost one hundred thousand dollars! Later it became the
+home of the Manhattan Club. Many old residents visited
+it on its completion, as such a costly structure was regarded
+with nothing short of amazement. I remember it
+was an <i>on dit</i> of the town that upon one occasion, when
+Mrs. Parker was personally escorting some unusually
+prominent person through the mansion, she pointed to a
+pretty little receptacle in her bedroom and exclaimed as
+she passed: "That is where I keep my old shoes. I wear
+old shoes just as other people do." The cost and pretentiousness
+of her establishment caused her to be nicknamed
+"Mrs. House Parker." Her residence was built
+of brown stone, which so strongly appealed to the taste
+of New Yorkers that in time the same material was
+largely employed in the erection of dwellings. High ceilings
+were then much in vogue and were greatly admired.
+In our house in Houston Street, where I passed my late
+childhood and early womanhood, the ceilings were unusually
+high, while all of the doors were of massive mahogany
+set in ornamental white frames. In subsequent years
+I met so many persons who in former days had been our
+neighbors in Houston Street that I was conceited enough
+to designate that locality as "the cradle of the universe."
+Anthony Bleecker Neilson was our next-door neighbor in
+this famous old street, and during my life in China twin
+sons of his, William and Bleecker, were again my neighbors
+in Foo Chow, where they were both employed in the
+<i>Hong</i> (firm) of Oliphant &amp; Company.</p>
+
+<p>A rival to Mrs. Parker's fine house was not long in appearing.
+Directly opposite a stately residence was built
+by Mrs. Richard K. Haight which subsequently became
+the New York Club. A great rivalry existed between<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>
+these two matrons which even extended to hats, feathers,
+gowns and all the furbelows so dear to the feminine heart.
+In fact, the far-famed houses of Montague and Capulet
+could not have maintained more skillful tactics; and all
+the while the Gothamites looked on and smiled. A few
+years later Eugene Shiff, who had spent the greater portion
+of his life in France, built a large house on Fifth
+Avenue which he surmounted with a mansard roof. These
+pioneers having set the pace, imposing residences were
+erected in rapid succession, and the process has been continued
+until the present day.</p>
+
+<p>In December, 1851, New York was agog over the arrival
+upon the shores of America of Louis Kossuth. As
+everyone knows, he was the leader of the Hungarian
+revolution of 1848-9, and became the first governor of the
+short-lived Hungarian Republic. When this was overthrown
+by Austria and other countries, Kossuth fled to
+Turkey and subsequently sailed for this country on the
+U.S. Frigate <i>Mississippi</i>. When his arrival became
+known, thousands of people thronged the streets anxious
+to catch a first glimpse of the distinguished foreigner.
+One might have fancied from the enthusiasm displayed
+that he was one of our own conquering heroes returning
+home. Americans were even more sympathetic then than
+now with all struggles for political freedom, as the history
+of our own trying experiences during the Revolution
+was, from a sentimental point of view, even more of a
+controlling influence than it is to-day. Several months
+later I heard Kossuth deliver an address at the National
+Hotel in Washington before a large assembly chiefly composed
+of members of Congress, when his subject was "Hungary
+and her woes." I vividly recall the impression produced
+upon his audience when, in his deeply melodious
+tones, he invoked the "Throne of Grace" and closed with
+the appealing words: "What is life without prayer?" I
+have never before or since observed an audience so com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>pletely
+under the sway of an orator, as it seemed to me
+that there was not a person in the room who at the moment
+would not have been willing to acquiesce in whatever
+demands or appeals he might present. Kossuth's
+countenance suggested such profound depression that one
+could readily credit the assertion he made during his remarks,
+"I have been trained to grief." He wore during
+the delivery of his address the picturesque costume of the
+Magyars of his country.</p>
+
+<p>New York had an unusually large coterie of <i>litt&eacute;rateurs</i>,
+many of whom it was my good fortune to know. Some
+of these had only recently returned from Brook Farm
+"sadder but wiser" and, at all events, with more practical
+views concerning "the world's broad field of battle."
+Brook Farm had its origin in 1841, and completely collapsed
+in 1847. It was chiefly intended to be the fulfillment
+of a dream of the Rev. Dr. William Henry Channing
+of "an association in which the members, instead of
+preying upon one another and seeking to put one another
+down, after the fashion of this world, should live together
+as brothers, seeking one another's elevation and spiritual
+growth." It was essentially socialistic in its conception
+and execution and, although professedly altruistic in its
+nature, was in reality a visionary scheme which reflected
+but little credit upon the judgment of either its originators
+or its patrons. Its company was composed of "members"
+and "scholars," to whom may be added a celebrated
+list of those who sojourned at the Farm for brief periods
+and were known as "visitors." The whole scheme was
+without doubt one of the most visionary expressions of
+New England transcendentalism, and it failed because in
+the nature of things no such ventures ever have succeeded
+and, until human nature is essentially revolutionized,
+probably never can. Among its most distinguished members
+were Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles A. Dana, later
+the brilliant and accomplished editor of <i>The New York</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+<i>Sun</i>, and George Ripley. George William Curtis was one
+of its scholars, and among its visitors were the Rev. William
+Henry Channing, Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo
+Emerson, Amos Bronson Alcott, Orestes Augustus Bronson,
+Theodore Parker and Elizabeth P. Peabody&mdash;forming
+together one of the most brilliant intellectual galaxies
+that were ever associated in a single enterprise.</p>
+
+<p>Of this number I especially recall George William Curtis,
+a genius of the first brilliancy and remarkable withal
+for his versatile conversational powers. I was talking to
+him on one occasion when someone inquired as to his
+especial work in the co-operative fold of Brook Farm.
+His laughing reply was, "Cleaning door knobs." George
+Ripley was a distinguished scholar and a prominent journalist.
+His wife, a daughter of Francis Dana, became
+a convert to Catholicism and is said to have found much
+to console her in that faith until her death from cancer
+in 1861. Margaret Fuller, though not possessed of much
+outward grace, was a prolific votary of the pen. I occasionally
+met her in society before she started on an European
+tour where she met her destiny in the person of
+the Marquis Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, to whom she was
+secretly married in 1847. Some years later she embarked
+with her husband and little boy upon a sailing vessel for
+America, and all were lost off the coast of New York in
+July, 1850. Horace Sumner, a younger brother of the
+distinguished Massachusetts statesman, also perished at
+the same time.</p>
+
+<p>About 1845 I met Anne C. Lynch of Providence, who
+came to New York to promote her literary ambitions, and
+was a pleasing addition to this same intellectual circle. She
+was the author of several prose works and also of some
+poetical effusions which were published in 1848 and received
+high commendation. She married Vincenzo Botta,
+a learned Italian who at one time was a professor in the
+University of Turin. Their tastes were similar and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>
+marriage was a very happy one. They lived for many
+years on Thirty-seventh Street in New York, where they
+maintained a charming <i>salon</i>. On Sunday evenings their
+home was the rendezvous of many of the literary lights
+of the metropolis as well as of distinguished strangers.
+Some years before her marriage, Mrs. Botta was visiting
+in Washington, where she formed a friendship with Henry
+Clay. Upon her return to New York he committed to her
+care a valuable gold medal, but upon arriving at her home
+she discovered to her dismay that it was missing from her
+trunk. It was the general impression that it had been
+stolen from her on her way to New York. About the
+same time I also knew Donald G. Mitchell ("Ik Marvel"),
+but this was before he had entered upon his active
+and distinguished literary career, and when he was a
+temporary sojourner in New York. He was contributing
+at that time some much appreciated letters to various magazines
+under the signature of "The Lorgnette," which
+were subsequently republished as a volume bearing the
+same title.</p>
+
+<p>N. P. Willis was another literary genius of the same
+period whom I had the pleasure of knowing. He was
+cordially welcomed into the social world of New York;
+but, unfortunately for his popularity, he wrote a prose effusion
+entitled, "Those Ungrateful Blidgimses," which
+was generally recognized as a direct attack upon two old
+ladies who were held in high esteem in New York. It
+was known to many persons that he had had a misunderstanding
+with them and that he had employed this manner
+of taking his revenge. New York society frowned
+upon what was generally considered his ungallant conduct,
+and for many years the doors of some of the most prominent
+houses in the city were closed against him. As I
+remember reading his story at the time, I thought its title
+was but a poor disguise, as the sisters were named Bridgens,
+the christian name of one of them being Cornelia.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>
+This name was distorted into "Crinny," who, by the way,
+was a woman of decided ability. It was against her that
+the author's animosity was chiefly directed. It seems
+that the Misses Bridgens and Mr. Willis chanced to be sojourning
+at the same time in Rome, where the scene of
+his narrative is laid. Miss Crinny was a sufferer from
+an attack of Roman fever and, under these dire circumstances,
+Mr. Willis represents himself as her attendant,
+and in this capacity refuses to condone the peculiarities
+of the poor old lady's sick-room. His patience in gratifying
+her morbid fancies is graphically described in a vein
+of ridicule and he tells how by the hour he threaded what
+he terms her "imaginary locks." He also dwells at
+length upon her conversational powers and likens her
+tongue to the elasticity of an eel's tail, which would wag
+if it were skinned and fried. Charles Dudley Warner
+has described this writing of Mr. Willis as "funny but
+wicked"; it was more than that&mdash;it was cruel! Willis
+made another reference to the two sisters in his "Earnest
+Clay" where he speaks of "two abominable old maids by
+the names of Buggins and Blidgins, representing the <i>scan.
+mag.</i> of Florence."</p>
+
+<p>The New York public was in no hurry to reopen its
+doors to Mr. Willis; indeed, it was not until after his
+marriage to Miss Cornelia Grinnell, his second wife, that
+he was again kindly received. I recall with much pleasure
+a visit I made at Mrs. Winfield Scott's in New York,
+after that city had ceased to be my home, when we went
+together to dine with Mr. and Mrs. N. P. Willis at Idlewild,
+their country home on the Hudson. These were the
+days when Mrs. Scott was sometimes facetiously called
+<i>Madame la G&eacute;n&eacute;ral</i>. This charming residence of Mr.
+Willis was several miles south of Newburgh, on high
+ground overlooking the river, and from its porches there
+was an enchanting view of West Point. Mr. Willis told
+us that when he first came to that vicinity he called the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>
+attention of a countryman from whom he had purchased
+the land to some uncultivated acres and asked a suggestion
+regarding them. "That," said the man, waving his hand
+in the direction of the trees, "is nothing but an Idlewild."
+The word lingered in Mr. Willis's mind, and he
+subsequently adopted it as the name of his new home.</p>
+
+<p>While living in New York we frequently attended
+parties at the hospitable home of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin
+F. Butler in Washington Place. He was an elegant gentleman
+of the old school and had served as Attorney General
+in the cabinets of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren.
+They were people of deep religious convictions, and consequently
+all their entertainments were conducted upon
+the strictest code of the day. For example, dancing was
+never permitted and wine was never served. In place of
+dancing there was a continuous promenade. I generally
+attended these parties accompanied by my father, who
+enjoyed meeting the legal lights of the country, some of
+whom were always there. Exceptionally handsome suppers
+were served at these entertainments, and every effort
+was made by Mr. and Mrs. Butler to make up, as it were,
+for the lack of dancing which was sorely missed by those
+more gayly inclined.</p>
+
+<p>A hundred thousand dollars was considered a highly
+respectable fortune in New York between sixty and seventy
+years ago. Seven per cent, was the usual rate of
+interest, the cost of living was low, and life was, of
+course, much simpler in every way. I recall a prominent
+young man about this period, Henry Carroll Marx, commonly
+called "Dandy Marx," who was said to be the
+happy possessor of the amount I have named. He was
+devoted to horses and from his home on Broadway he
+could frequently be seen driving tandem on the cobblestone
+streets. I do not remember his entering the social
+arena; possibly he avoided it in order to escape the wiles
+of designing mothers, whom one occasionally encountered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>
+even in those ancient days. His faultless attire, which in
+elegance surpassed all his rivals, won for him the nickname
+of "Dandy." He also rendered himself conspicuous
+as the first gentleman in New York to wear the long,
+straight, and pointed waxed mustache. His two maiden
+sisters were inseparable companions and nearly every day
+could be seen walking on Broadway. Miss Lydia Kane,
+one of the wits of my day and of whom I have already
+spoken, facetiously called them "number 11"&mdash;two
+straight marks!</p>
+
+<p>In 1845 Burton's Theater was an unfailing source of
+delight to the pleasure-loving public. William E. Burton
+was an Englishman of rare cultivation, and was the greatest
+comedian New York had ever known. Although so
+gifted, his expression of countenance was one of extreme
+gravity. His presentation of Aminadab Sleek in the
+"Serious Family" has, in my opinion, never been surpassed.
+He frequently acted in minor comedies, but the
+"Serious Family" was his greatest <i>r&ocirc;le</i>. Niblo's Garden
+on Broadway, near Houston Street, was a source of great
+delight in those days to all Gothamites. It was in this
+theater that the Ravel family had its remarkable athletic
+performances. When I recall their graceful, youthful
+physiques, I am reminded of Hamlet's philosophical musings
+in the graveyard: "Where be your gibes now, your
+gambols, your songs, your flashes of merriment that
+were wont to set the table on a roar?" P. T. Barnum
+was a conspicuous figure about this time. His museum
+was on Broadway, at the corner of Ann Street, and not
+far from the City Hall. He was considered a prince of
+humbugs and perhaps gloried in his reputation as such.
+I distinctly remember the excitement which he created
+over a mummified old colored woman who, he asserted,
+had been a nurse of Washington, and to whom he gave
+the name of Joice Heth. She was undoubtedly a very
+aged negress, but she still retained full powers of articu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>lation
+and was well coached to reply in an intelligent manner
+to the numerous inquiries respecting her pretended
+charge. It is needless to add that she was only one of
+Barnum's numerous fakes.</p>
+
+<p>Philip Kearny, a handsome gentleman of a former
+school, who lived at the corner of Broadway and Leonard
+Street, was a lavish entertainer. He was a widower when
+I knew him, but his daughter, the wife of Major Alexander
+S. Macomb, U.S.A., the son and aide of Major General
+Alexander Macomb, Commander-in-Chief of the Army,
+lived with him. Major Macomb was conspicuous for his
+attractive personality and imposing presence and was said
+to bear a striking resemblance to Prince Albert, the father
+of Edward VII. His wife was one of the three heirs of
+John Watts, who owned a princely estate. The other two
+were her brother, the gallant General Philip Kearny,
+and her cousin, General John Watts de Peyster, a son of
+that most accomplished gentleman, Frederick de Peyster,
+of whom I have already spoken. Mrs. Macomb was a generous
+and attractive woman who dispensed with a liberal
+hand the wealth she had inherited. Her pretty cousins,
+Mary and Nancy Kearny, whom I knew quite well,
+daughters of her father's brothers, were her constant
+guests. Another frequent visitor of this household was
+Mrs. "Phil" Kearny, as she was invariably called, whose
+maiden name was Diana Moore Bullitt, a famous Kentucky
+belle, well-known for her grace and intellectual attractions.
+Her sister Eloise, usually called "Lou" Bullitt
+by her intimate friends, married Baron Frederick de
+Kantzow of Sweden, a courtly foreigner who had commercial
+relations with the merchant princes of New York.
+Tradition states that the Baroness de Kantzow, though
+not possessed of Mrs. Kearny's beauty, was a more successful
+slayer of hearts than her sister, and it is said that
+she had adorers by the score. A third Bullitt sister,
+Mary, married General Henry Atkinson and after his death<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>
+Major Adam Duncan Steuart, both of the United States
+Army, the latter of whom was stationed for many years at
+Fort Leavenworth.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Macomb's health failed at an early period of life
+and to restore it she sought a foreign clime; but, alas, her
+many friends were never gladdened again by her kindly
+welcome, as she died abroad. In my young womanhood
+I frequently attended parties at the Kearny house where
+dancing and other social pleasures enlivened the scene.
+In this connection it seems proper to refer at greater
+length to John Watts and his interesting trio of daughters.
+I have already spoken of his son Robert, who died
+unmarried at an early age. His two older daughters,
+Susanna, wife of Philip Kearny, and Mary Justina, wife
+of Frederick de Peyster, did not long survive their marriages;
+but a third daughter, Elizabeth, the wife of Henry
+Laight, who never had children, lived many years with
+her father and managed the affairs of his household.
+An amusing story was told me many years ago regarding
+Mrs. Laight which is well worthy of mention. As a
+young girl she was deeply in love with the young man who
+eventually became her husband, but her father was so
+devoted to her and so very dependent upon her that he
+violently opposed her marrying anyone. Accordingly, a
+secret marriage was planned by the young people to take
+place in Trinity Church. As the youthful pair was standing
+in front of the altar, surrounded by a few sympathetic
+friends, the rector reached the words, "Who giveth this
+woman to be married to this man?" when, to the astonishment
+of the assembled group, a gruff, loud voice in the
+rear of the church shouted "I do." Old John Watts
+had opposed his daughter's marriage with all his might,
+but when he learned by chance that she was to be married
+clandestinely, he graciously accepted the inevitable and
+without the knowledge of anyone hurried to the church
+and, entering it by a side door, duly performed his part<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>
+as just related. This anecdote was told me by Arent
+Schuyler de Peyster, a distant cousin of General John
+Watts de Peyster. Many years later, when I repeated it
+to Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, she remarked in her characteristic
+manner: "He was mean enough not to even allow
+her the satisfaction of a runaway marriage." This
+estimate of his character, however, does not seem to agree
+with that given by others. The Laights were prominent
+in New York society. One of them, Edward Laight, whom
+I knew as a society beau, was remarkably handsome. He
+was a good deal of a flirt and transferred his affections
+with remarkable facility from one young woman to another.
+His sister married a Greek, Mr. Eugene Dutilh,
+a gentleman of culture and refinement, who owned a
+beautiful place at Garrison's-on-the-Hudson which he sold
+about 1861 to Hamilton Fish.</p>
+
+<p>Philip Kearny and his family lived next door to Peter
+A. Jay, and I frequently met the young people of his
+household at Mrs. Macomb's parties. Gouverneur Morris,
+a son of the distinguished statesman, and Edward Kearny
+were <i>habitu&eacute;s</i> of this establishment, as were also Ridley
+and Essex Watts, both of whom I knew well. General
+"Phil" Kearny from his youthful days was an enthusiastic
+soldier, but he was not a graduate of West Point, having
+been appointed to the regular army from civil life
+by President Van Buren in 1837. He served throughout
+the Mexican War, where he had the misfortune to
+lose an arm at the battle of Churubusco, and was killed
+during the Civil War in 1862 at the battle of Chantilly.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of General Macomb, I am reminded of a social
+<i>on dit</i> of many years ago. Mrs. August Belmont (Caroline
+Slidell Perry) lived in a fine house on Fifth Avenue
+and frequently gave large receptions. His sister, Sarah
+Perry, subsequently Mrs. R. S. Rodgers, was an early friend
+of mine. The elegant Major Alexander S. Macomb, who was
+his father's namesake and aide, on entering Mrs. Belmont's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span>
+drawing-room was unfortunate enough to brush against
+a handsome vase and completely shatter it. It was generally
+conceded that his hostess was conscious of the disaster,
+but "was mistress of herself though China fall" and
+appeared entirely unconscious of the mishap. Some
+months later at the house of Lady Cunard (Mary McEvers),
+a similar accident happened. The unfortunate guest, however,
+in this case was immediately approached by his hostess,
+who with much elegant grace begged him not to be
+disturbed as the damage was trifling. Immediately society
+began an animated discussion, when even the judicial
+powers of Solomon might have found it embarrassing to
+decide which of the two women should be accorded the
+greater degree of <i>savoir faire</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In 1844, accompanied by my father, I attended the wedding
+of Estelle Livingston, daughter of John Swift Livingston,
+to John Watts de Peyster. At the time of this
+marriage, Mr. de Peyster was considered the finest <i>parti</i>
+in the city; while, apart from his great wealth, he was so
+unusually talented that it was generally believed a brilliant
+future awaited him. It was a home wedding, and
+the drawing-room was well filled with the large family
+connection and other invited guests. At this time Mr.
+Livingston was a widower, but his sister Maria, Mrs. John
+C. Stevens of Hoboken, did the honors of the occasion for
+her brother. The young bride presented a charming appearance
+in all her finery, and at the bountiful collation
+following the ceremony champagne flowed freely. This,
+however, was no unusual thing, as that beverage was generally
+seen at every entertainment in those good old days.
+Mrs. John C. Stevens lived at one time in Barclay Street,
+and I have heard numerous stories concerning her eccentricities.
+In 1849 she gave a fancy-dress ball but, as she
+had failed to revise her visiting list in many years, persons
+who had long been dead were among her invited guests.
+She was especially peculiar in her mode of dress, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+was not always adapted to her social position. It is therefore
+not at all surprising that unfortunate mistakes were
+occasionally made in regard to her identity. Another of
+her eccentricities consisted in the fact that she positively
+refused, when shopping, to recognize even her most intimate
+friends, as she said it was simply impossible for her
+to combine business with pleasure. In spite of her peculiarities,
+however, she possessed unusual social charm.
+Her husband was prominent in society and business circles.
+He was founder of the New York Yacht Club as
+well as its first president, and commanded the <i>America</i> in
+the memorable race in England in 1851, which won the
+celebrated cup that Sir Thomas Lipton and other English
+yachtsmen have failed to restore to their native land.
+Mary Livingston, the younger daughter of John Swift
+Livingston, was a <i>petite</i> beauty. She married a distant
+relative, a son of Maturin Livingston. I am told that her
+brother, Johnston Livingston, is still living in New York
+at a very advanced age.</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Kemmerer's band was an indispensable adjunct
+to all social gatherings in the days of which I am speaking.
+The number of instruments used was always in proportion
+to the size of the entertainment. The inspiring
+airs of Strauss and Labitzky, then in vogue, were popular
+with the younger set. These airs bring back pleasant
+memories, as I have frequently danced to them. The
+waltz in my day was a fine art and its votaries were numerous.
+I recall the fact that Edward James of Albany,
+a witty young gentleman with whom I occasionally danced,
+was such a devotee to the waltz that, not possessing sufficient
+will power to resist its charms and having a delicate
+constitution, he nearly danced himself into another
+world. Two attractive young brothers, Thomas H. and
+Daniel Messinger, who were general beaux in society,
+played their parts most successfully in the social world
+by their graceful dancing, and no ball was considered com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>plete
+without their presence. These brothers were associated
+in the umbrella industry, and Miss Lydia Kane, some
+of whose witty remarks I have already quoted, dubbed
+them the "reigning beaux!" Daniel Messinger eventually
+married Miss Elizabeth Coles Neilson, a daughter of Anthony
+Bleecker Neilson, and became a Lieutenant Colonel
+in the Union Army during the Civil War.</p>
+
+<p>The British Consul General in New York from 1817 to
+1843 was James Buchanan. He was Irish by birth, and
+many young British subjects visiting the United States
+made his home their headquarters. He had several
+daughters and, as the whole family was social in its tastes,
+I often enjoyed meeting these sturdy representatives of
+John Bull at his house. Those I knew best came from
+"the land of brown heath and shaggy wood," as in
+our family we were naturally partial to Scotchmen and,
+as a rule, regarded them as desirable acquaintances.
+Many of these were graduates of Glasgow University
+and young men of unusual culture and refinement. I
+especially remember Mr. McCorquodale, a nephew of Dr.
+Thomas Chalmers, the distinguished Presbyterian Divine
+of Scotland. He met his future wife in New York in the
+person of a wealthy and attractive widow. Her maiden
+name I do not recall, although I am acquainted with certain
+facts concerning her lineage. She was the granddaughter
+of Madame de Genlis.</p>
+
+<p>I doubt whether any of these young Scotchmen whom
+I met remained permanently in this country, as they always
+seemed too loyal to the "Land o' Cakes" to entirely
+expatriate themselves. Another young Scotchman, Mr.
+Dundas, whom I knew quite well through the Buchanans,
+embarked for his native land on board the steamer <i>President</i>.
+This ship sailed in the spring of 1841 and never
+reached her destination. What became of her was never
+known and her fate remains to this day one of the mysteries
+of the sea. In the fall of 1860 the U.S. man-of-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>war
+<i>Levant</i>, on her voyage from the Hawaiian Islands
+to Panama, disappeared in the same mysterious manner
+in the Pacific Ocean; and, as was the case with the <i>President</i>,
+no human being aboard of her was ever heard of
+again. There were many conjectures in regard to the
+fate of this ship, but the true story of her doom has never
+been revealed. I remember two of the officers who perished
+with her. One of them was Lieutenant Edward C.
+Stout, who had married a daughter of Commodore John
+H. Aulick, U.S.N., and whose daughters, the Misses
+Julia and Minnie Stout, are well remembered in Washington
+social circles; and the other was Purser Andrew J.
+Watson, who was a member of one of the old residential
+families of the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER VIII</h2>
+
+<h3>WASHINGTON IN THE FORTIES</h3>
+
+
+<p>My first visit to Washington was in 1845. I
+started from New York at eight o'clock in the
+morning and reached Philadelphia late the same
+afternoon. I broke the journey by spending the night at
+Jones's Hotel in the lower part of the city, which was the
+usual stopping place of travelers who made this trip. A
+few years later when the journey from New York to Washington
+was made in twelve hours, it was thought that almost
+a miracle had been performed.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Winfield Scott in 1855 characterized the National
+Capital as "an ill-contrived, ill-arranged, rambling,
+scrambling village"; and it was certainly all of that when
+I first saw it. It is not improbable that the cause of this
+condition of affairs was a general feeling of uncertainty
+as to whether Washington would remain the permanent
+seat of government, especially as the West was naturally
+clamoring for a more centrally located capital. When I
+first visited the city the ubiquitous real-estate agent had
+not yet materialized, and corner lots, now so much in demand,
+could be purchased at a small price. Taxation
+was moderate and Congress, then as now, held itself responsible
+for one-half of the taxes. As land was cheap
+there was no necessity for economy in its use, and spacious
+fronts were built regardless of back-buildings. In other
+cases, when one's funds were limited, the rear of the
+house was first built and later a more imposing front was
+added. The contrast between the houses of New York,
+built closely together in blocks, and those in Washington,
+with the abundant space around them, was a great sur<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>prise
+to me. Unlike many other cities, land in Washington,
+then, as now, was sold and taxed by the square foot.</p>
+
+<p>My elder sister Fanny had married Charles Eames,
+Esq., of the Washington Bar, and my visit was to her.
+Mr. Eames entered Harvard in 1827 when less than sixteen
+years of age, and was a classmate of Wendell Phillips
+and of John Lothrop Motley, the historian. The distinguished
+Professor of Harvard University, Andrew P. Peabody,
+LL.D., in referring to him many years after his
+death said that he was "the first scholar of his class, and
+was regarded as a man of unlimited power of acquisition,
+and of marked ability as a public speaker." After leaving
+Harvard he studied law, but ill health prevented him
+from practicing his profession. He accompanied to Washington
+George Bancroft, President Polk's Secretary of the
+Navy, by whom he was made principal correspondence
+clerk of the Navy Department. He remained there but a
+few months when he became associate editor of <i>The Washington
+Union</i> under the well-known Thomas Ritchie, usually
+known as "Father Ritchie." He was subsequently
+appointed by Polk a commissioner to negotiate a treaty
+with the Hawaiian Islands, and took passage upon the
+U.S. Frigate <i>Savannah</i> and sailed, by way of Cape Horn,
+for San Francisco. He unexpectedly found awaiting his
+arrival in that city Dr. Gerrit P. Judd, Prime Minister of
+the King, with two young Hawaiian princes. After the
+treaty was made, he returned east and for six months
+edited <i>The Nashville Union</i>, when he again assumed charge
+of <i>The Washington Union</i>. President Pierce subsequently
+appointed him Minister to Venezuela, where he remained
+until 1859, and then returned to Washington, where he
+practiced his profession for the remainder of his life. It
+was while arguing an important case before the Supreme
+Court that he was stricken, and he died on the 16th of
+March, 1867. He sustained a high reputation as an admiralty
+lawyer as well as for his knowledge of inter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>national
+jurisprudence. I have now before me a letter
+addressed to his widow by Wendell Phillips only three
+days after his death. It is one of the valued possessions
+of Mr. Eames's daughter, who is my niece and the wife
+of that genial Scotchman, Alexander Penrose Gordon-Cumming.
+It reads:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Quincy</span>, Illinois, March 19, 1867.</p>
+
+<p>My dear friend,</p>
+
+<p>I have just crossed from the other side of the Mississippi,
+and am saddened by learning from the papers my
+old and dear friend's death.</p>
+
+<p>The associations that bind us together go back many,
+many years. We were boys together in sunny months
+full of frolic, plans and hopes. The merriment and the
+seriousness, the toil and the ambition of those days all
+cluster round him as memory brings him to me in the flush
+of his youth. I have seen little of him of late years, as
+you know, but the roots of our friendship needed no constant
+care; they were too strong to die or wilt, and when
+we did meet it was always with the old warmth and intimacy.
+I feel more alone in the world now he has gone.
+One by one the boy's comrades pass over the river and
+life loses with each some of its interest.</p>
+
+<p>I was hoping in coming years, as life grew less busy, to
+see more of my old playmate, and this is a very unexpected
+blow. Be sure I sympathize with you most tenderly,
+and could not resist the impulse to tell you so.
+Little as we have met, I owe to your kind and frank interest
+in me a sense of very warm and close relation to
+you&mdash;feel as if I had known you ever so many years. I
+hope our paths may lead us more together so that I may
+learn to know you better and gather some more distinct
+ideas of Eames' later years. All his youth I have by heart.</p>
+
+<p>With most affectionate regards believe me</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Very faithfully yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Wendell Phillips</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Eames.</p>
+
+<p>I think women never fully realize the strange tenderness
+with which men cling to college mates. No mat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>ter
+how much opinions or residence separate grown-up
+men, to have been classmates is a tie that like blood never
+loosens. Any man that has a heart feels it thrill at the
+sight of one of <i>those</i> comrades. Later friendships may be
+close, never so tender&mdash;this makes boys of us again at any
+moment. Unfamiliar tears obey its touch, and a singular
+sense of loneliness settles down on survivors&mdash;Good-bye.</p></div>
+
+<p>The young Hawaiian princes to whom I have just referred
+and who, by the way, were mere boys, accompanied
+Dr. Judd to New York where my younger brother, Malcolm,
+thinking he might make the acquaintance of some
+genial playmates, called to see them. Upon his return
+from his visit his only criticism was, "those dusky princes
+certainly give themselves airs."</p>
+
+<p>My sister, Mrs. Eames, lived in a house on G
+Street near Twenty-first Street in what was then known
+as the First Ward. This general section, together with
+a part of Indiana Avenue, some portions of Capitol Hill,
+Sixth and Seventh Streets, and all of that part of the
+city bounded on the north by K Street, on the south by
+Pennsylvania Avenue, and westward of Fourteenth
+Street to Georgetown, was at this time the fashionable
+section of the city. Like many other places in its formative
+period, Washington then presented the picture of
+fine dwelling houses and shanties standing side by side.
+I remember, for example, that as late as 1870 a fine residence
+on the corner of I and Fifteenth Streets was located
+next to a small frame house occupied by a colored
+undertaker. The latter's business was prosperous, but his
+wealthy neighbor objected to the constant reminder of
+death caused by seeing from his fine bay window the
+numerous coffins carried in and out. He asked the undertaker
+to name his price for his property, but he declined,
+and all of his subsequent offers were ignored. Finally,
+after several years' patient waiting, during which offer
+after offer had been politely but positively rejected, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>
+last one being an almost princely sum, the owner sold his
+home and moved away, leaving his humble neighbor in triumphant
+possession. This is simply a fair example of the
+conditions existing in Washington when I first knew it.</p>
+
+<p>Two rows of houses on Pennsylvania Avenue, known as
+the "Six and Seven Buildings," were fashionable dwellings.
+Admiral David D. Porter, then a Lieutenant in the
+Navy, occupied one of them. Miss Catharine L. Brooke
+kept a girls' school in another, while still another was the
+residence of William Lee of Massachusetts. I have been
+informed that while serving in a consular office abroad,
+under the appointment of President Monroe, Mr. Lee was
+commissioned by him to select a dinner set for the White
+House.</p>
+
+<p>Architects, if I remember correctly, were almost unknown
+in Washington at this time. When a person was
+sufficiently venturesome to build a house for himself, he
+selected a residence suited to his tastes and directed a
+builder to erect one like it. Speculative building was entirely
+unknown, and if any resident of the District had
+embarked upon such a venture he would have been regarded
+as the victim of a vivid but disordered fancy.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. C. R. Latimer kept a fashionable boarding house in
+a large brick dwelling facing Lafayette Square where the
+Belasco Theater now stands. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton
+Fish boarded with her while the former was a Representative
+in Congress, and Mr. and Mrs. Sanders Irving,
+so well and favorably known to all old Washingtonians,
+also made this house their home. Many years
+later it was the residence of William H. Seward, and he
+was living there when the memorable attempt was made
+in 1865 to assassinate him. As is well known, it subsequently
+became the home of James G. Blaine. When Hamilton
+Fish was elected to the Senate, he purchased a house
+on H Street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets,
+which was afterwards known as the "Porter house."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>
+Previously it had been owned and occupied by General
+"Phil" Kearny.</p>
+
+<p>The shops of Washington in 1845 were not numerous,
+and were located chiefly upon Pennsylvania Avenue, Seventh
+Street then being a residential section. The most
+prominent dry-goods store was kept by Darius Clagett
+at the corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
+Mr. Clagett, invariably cordial and courteous, always
+stood behind his counter, and I have had many pleasant
+chats with him while making my purchases. Although he
+kept an excellent selection of goods, it was usually the
+custom for prominent Washington folk to make their
+larger purchases in Baltimore. A little later Walter Harper
+kept a dry-goods store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near
+Eighth Street, and some years later two others appeared,
+one kept by William M. Shuster on Pennsylvania Avenue,
+first between Seventh and Eighth Streets, and later between
+Ninth and Tenth; and the other by Augustus and
+Thomas Perry on the corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania
+Avenue. Charles Demonet, the confectioner,
+made his appearance a little later on Pennsylvania Avenue,
+between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets; but
+Charles Gautier, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between
+Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, was his successful rival
+and was regarded more favorably in aristocratic circles.
+Madame Marguerite M. Delarue kept a shop on the north
+side of the same avenue, also between Twelfth and Thirteenth
+Streets, where small articles of dress dear to the
+feminine heart could be bought. There were several
+large grocery stores on the south side of Pennsylvania
+Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. Benjamin
+L. Jackson and Brother were the proprietors of one and
+James L. Barbour and John A. Hamilton of another, although
+the two latter had their business house at an earlier
+day on Louisiana Avenue. Louis Vavans was the accomplished
+cook and caterer, and sent to their rooms the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>
+meals of many persons temporarily residing in Washington.
+Joseph Redfern, his son-in-law, kept a grocery store
+in the First Ward. Franck Taylor, the father of the late
+Rear Admiral Henry C. Taylor, U.S.N., was the proprietor
+of a book store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Four-and-a-Half
+Street, where many of the scholarly men of
+the day congregated to discuss literary and current topics.
+His store had a bust of Sir Walter Scott over its door,
+and he usually kept his front show-windows closed to prevent
+the light from fading the bindings of his books.
+The Center Market was located upon the same site as at
+present, but of course it has since been greatly enlarged
+and improved. All the stores on Louisiana Avenue sold
+at retail. I remember the grocery store of J. Harrison
+Semmes on Ninth Street and Louisiana Avenue, opposite
+the Center Market; and the hardware store kept by
+Joseph Savage on Pennsylvania Avenue, between Sixth
+and Seventh Streets, and at another time between Third
+and Fourth Streets.</p>
+
+<p>On Fifteenth Street opposite the Treasury was another
+well-known boarding house, conducted by Mrs. Ulrich and
+much patronized by members of the Diplomatic Corps.
+Willard's Hotel was just around the corner on the site
+of the New Willard, and its proprietor was Caleb Willard.
+Brown's Hotel, farther down town, on Pennsylvania
+Avenue and Sixth Street, was a popular rendezvous
+for Congressional people. It was first called the Indian
+Queen, and was kept by that prince of hosts, Jesse Brown.
+After his death the name was changed to the Metropolitan.</p>
+
+<p>The National Hotel on the opposite corner was the largest
+hostelry in Washington. It boasted of a large Southern
+<i>cli&eacute;nt&egrave;le</i>, and until President Buchanan's administration
+enjoyed a very prosperous career. Subsequent to
+Buchanan's inauguration, however, a mysterious epidemic
+appeared among the guests of the house which the physicians
+of the District failed to satisfactorily diagnose. It<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>
+became commonly known as the "National Hotel disease,"
+and resulted in numerous deaths. A notice occasionally
+appeared in the current newspapers stating that the deceased
+had died from this malady. Mrs. Robert Greenhow,
+in her book published in London during the Civil
+War, entitled "My Imprisonment and the First Years of
+Abolition Rule at Washington," attributes the epidemic
+to the machinations of the Republicans, who were desirous
+of disposing of President Buchanan. John Gadsby was
+its proprietor at one time, from whom it usually went by
+the name of "Gadsby's." President Buchanan was one of
+its guests on the eve of his inauguration.</p>
+
+<p>When I first knew Washington, slavery was in full sway
+and, with but few exceptions, all servants were colored.
+The wages of a good cook were only six or seven dollars a
+month, but their proficiency in the culinary art was remarkable.
+I remember once hearing Count Adam
+Gurowski, who had traversed the European continent,
+remark that he had never anywhere tasted such cooking
+as in the South. The grace of manner of many of the
+elderly male slaves of that day would, indeed, have
+adorned a court. When William L. Marcy, who, although
+a master in statesmanship and diplomacy, was not especially
+gifted in external graces, was taking final leave of
+the clerks in the War Department, where as Secretary he
+had rendered such distinguished services under President
+Polk, he shook hands with an elderly colored employee
+named Datcher, who had formerly been a body servant to
+President Monroe, and said: "Good-bye, Datcher; if I had
+had your manners I should have left more friends behind
+me." Some years later, and after my marriage into the
+Gouverneur family, I had the good fortune to have passed
+down to me a venerable colored man who had served my
+husband's family for many years and whose name was
+"Uncle James." His manner at times was quite overpowering.
+On entering my drawing-room on one occasion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>
+to greet George Newell, brother-in-law and guest of ex-Governor
+Marcy, I found him seated upon a sofa and apparently
+engaged in a "brown study." Referring at once
+to "Uncle James," he inquired: "Who is that man?"
+Upon my replying, "An old family servant," he remarked:
+"Well, he is the most polite man I have ever
+met."</p>
+
+<p>Some years later my sister, Mrs. Eames, moved into a
+house on the corner of H and Fourteenth Streets, which
+she and her husband had built and which she occupied
+until her death in 1890. I naturally shrink from dwelling
+in detail upon her charm of manner and social career,
+and prefer rather to quote an extract from a sketch which
+appeared in one of the newspapers just after her death:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>... During the twenty-eight years of her married
+life in Washington Mrs. Eames's house was one of the favorite
+resorts of the most conspicuous and interesting men
+of the nation; it was a species of neutral ground where
+men of all parties and shades of political opinion found
+it agreeable to foregather. Though at first in moderate
+circumstances and living in a house which rented for less
+than $300 a year, there was no house in Washington except,
+perhaps, the President's, where one was sure of meeting
+any evening throughout the year so many people of
+distinction.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 326px;"><a name="img5" id="img5"></a>
+<a href="images/img05.jpg"><img src="images/img05th.jpg" width="326" height="400" alt="Mrs. Charles Eames, ne&eacute; Campbell, by Gambadella.
+Owned by Mrs. Gordon-Cumming." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Mrs. Charles Eames, ne&eacute; Campbell, by Gambadella.<br /></span>
+<span class='caption2'><i>Owned by Mrs. Gordon-Cumming.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Marcy were devoted to Mrs. Eames; her
+<i>salon</i> was almost the daily resort of Edward Everett,
+Rufus Choate, Charles Sumner, Secretary [James] Guthrie,
+Governor [John A.] Andrews of Massachusetts, Winter
+Davis, Caleb Cushing, Senator Preston King, N.P.
+Banks, and representative men of that ilk. Mr. [Samuel
+J.] Tilden when in Washington was often their guest. The
+gentlemen, who were all on the most familiar terms with the
+family, were in the habit of bringing their less conspicuous
+friends from time to time, thus making it quite the
+most attractive <i>salon</i> that has been seen in Washington
+since the death of Mrs. Madison, and made such without
+any of the attractions of wealth or luxury.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The relations thus established with the public men of
+the country at her fireside were strengthened and enriched
+by a voluminous correspondence. Her father, who was a
+very accomplished man, had one of the largest and choicest
+private libraries in New York, of which, from the time she
+could read, Mrs. Eames had the freedom; in this library
+she spent more time than anyone else, and more than anywhere
+else, until her marriage. As a consequence, it is no
+disparagement to any one else to say that during her residence
+there she was intellectually quite the most accomplished
+woman in Washington. Her epistolary talent was
+famous in her generation.</p>
+
+<p>Her correspondence if collected and published would
+prove to have been not less voluminous than Mme. de
+Sevign&eacute;'s and, in point of literary art, in no particular
+inferior to that of the famous French woman.</p></div>
+
+<p>After three or four months spent in Washington, I returned
+to my home in New York; and several years later,
+in the spring of 1848, suffered one of the severest ordeals
+of my life. I refer to my father's death. No human
+being ever entered eternity more beloved or esteemed than
+he, and as I look back to my life with him I realize that
+I was possibly more blessed than I deserved to be permitted
+to live with such a well-nigh perfect character and
+to know him familiarly. From my earliest childhood I
+was accustomed to see the sorrowing and oppressed come
+to him for advice. He was especially qualified to perform
+such a function owing to his long tenure of the office
+of Surrogate. Widows and orphans who could not
+afford litigation always found in him a faithful friend.
+With a capacity of feeling for the wrongs of others as
+keenly as though inflicted upon himself, his sympathy invariably
+assumed a practical form and he accordingly
+left behind him hosts of sorrowing and grateful hearts.
+A short time before his death I visited a dying widow, a
+devoted Roman Catholic, whom from time to time my
+father had assisted. When I was about to leave, she said:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>
+"Say to your father I hope to meet him among the just
+made perfect." This remark of a poor woman has been
+to me through all these years a greater consolation than
+any public tribute or imposing eulogy. Finely chiseled
+monuments and fulsome epitaphs are not to be compared
+with the benediction of grateful hearts.</p>
+
+<p>The funeral services were conducted, according to the
+custom of sixty years ago, by the Rev. Dr. William Adams
+and the Rev. Dr. Philip Milledoler. Members of the bar
+and many prominent residents of New York, including
+his two physicians, Doctors John W. Francis and Campbell
+F. Stewart, walked behind the coffin, which, by the
+way, was not placed in a hearse but was carried to the
+Second Street Cemetery, where his remains were temporarily
+placed. There were six clergymen present at
+his funeral&mdash;the Rev. Doctors Thomas De Witt, Thomas
+E. Vermilye, Philip Milledoler, William Adams, John
+Knox and George H. Fisher, all ministers of the Reformed
+Dutch Church except the Rev. Dr. Adams, the distinguished
+Presbyterian divine.</p>
+
+<p>I find myself almost instinctively returning to the
+Scott family as associated with the most cherished memories
+of some of the happiest days of my life. During my
+childhood I formed a close intimacy with Cornelia Scott,
+the second daughter of the distinguished General, which
+continued until the close of her life. When I first knew
+the family it made its winter home in New York at
+the American Hotel, then a fashionable hostelry kept by
+William B. Cozzens, on the corner of Barclay Street and
+Broadway. In the summer the family resided at Hampton,
+the old Mayo place near Elizabeth in New Jersey,
+where they kept open house. Colonel John Mayo of Richmond,
+whose daughter Maria was the wife of General
+Scott, had purchased this country seat many years before
+as a favor to his wife, Miss Abigail De Hart of New Jersey,
+and Mrs. Scott subsequently inherited it. Colonel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>
+John Mayo, who was a citizen of large wealth and great
+prominence, was so public-spirited that not long subsequent
+to the Revolutionary War, and entirely at his own
+expense, he built from his own plans a bridge across the
+James River at Richmond. I have heard Mrs. Scott
+graphically describe her father's trips from Richmond to
+Elizabeth in his coach-of-four with outriders and grooms,
+and his enthusiastic reception when he reached his
+destination.</p>
+
+<p>I have frequently heard it said that Mrs. Scott as a
+young woman refused the early offers of marriage from
+the man who eventually became her husband because his
+rank in the army was too low to suit her taste, but that
+she finally relented when he became a General. I am
+able to contradict this statement as Mrs. Scott told me
+with her own lips that she never made his acquaintance
+until he was a General, in spite of the fact that they were
+both natives of the same State. This did not by any
+means, however, indicate a marriage late in life, as General
+Scott became a Brigadier General on the 9th of March,
+1814, when he was between twenty-seven and twenty-eight
+years of age. In the <i>Sentinel</i>, published in Newark,
+New Jersey, on the 25th of March, 1817, the following
+marriage notice appears:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Married&mdash;at Belleville, Virginia, at the seat of Col.
+Mayo, General Winfield Scott of the U.S. Army to Miss
+Maria D. Mayo.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Scott's record as a belle was truly remarkable, and
+in the latter years of her life when I knew her very intimately
+she still retained traces of great beauty. Her
+accomplishments, too, were extraordinary for that period.
+She was not only a skilled performer upon the piano and
+harp, but also a linguist of considerable proficiency, while
+her grace of manner and brilliant powers of repartee<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>
+added greatly to her social charms. On one occasion during
+Polk's administration she attended a levee at the
+White House, and as she passed down the line with the
+other guests she received an enthusiastic welcome and was
+soon so completely surrounded by an admiring throng that
+for a while Mrs. Polk was left very much to herself. It
+was Mrs. Scott who wrote in the album of a friend the
+verse entitled, "The Two Faults of Men." Two other
+verses were written under it several years later by
+the Hon. William C. Somerville of Maryland, at one time
+our Minister to Sweden, and the author of "Letters from
+Paris on the Causes and Consequences of the French
+Revolution."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Women have many faults,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The men have only two;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There's nothing right they say,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And nothing right they do.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4"><i>Reply</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">That men are naughty rogues we know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The girls are roguish, too.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They watch each other wondrous well<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">In everything they do.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But if we men do nothing right,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And never say what's true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">What precious fools you women are<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">To love us as you do.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Many years ago General and Mrs. Scott traveled with
+their youthful family through Europe, and while at the
+French Capital Mrs. Scott attended a fancy-dress ball
+where she represented Pocahontas and was called <i>La
+belle sauvage</i>. I have talked to two elderly officers of
+our Army, Colonel John M. Fessenden and General John
+B. Magruder, the latter subsequently of Confederate fame,
+and both of them told me that at this entertainment she
+was an object of general admiration. Many years later,
+long after Mrs. Scott's death, I was visiting her daughter,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>
+Mrs. Henry L. Scott, for the last time at the old Elizabeth
+home, accompanied by my young daughter Maud, when
+the latter was invited to a fancy-dress ball given to children
+at the residence of General George Herbert Pegram.
+At first I was at my wits' end to devise a suitable gown
+for her to wear, when Mrs. Scott brought out the historic
+fancy dress worn by her mother so many years before in
+Paris and gave it to me. It seems almost needless to
+add that the child wore the dress, and that I have it now
+carefully put away among my treasured possessions.
+Many years subsequent to Mrs. Scott's visit to Paris, her
+sister, Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell of Richmond, published
+for the benefit of a charity her letters written from abroad
+to her family in Virginia, containing many interesting
+recollections of Paris.</p>
+
+<p>At the beginning of the Mexican War the Scotts were
+living in New York but, for a reason I do not now recall,
+Mrs. Scott decided to spend a winter during the General's
+absence in Philadelphia. She secured a portion of a furnished
+house at 111 South Sixth Street, and in the spring
+of 1847 I was invited to be her guest. The evening of
+the day of my arrival I attended a party at the residence
+of Judge John Meredith Read, a descendant of George
+Read, a Signer from Delaware. Upon the urgent request
+of Mrs. Scott I went to this entertainment entirely alone,
+as she and her daughter Cornelia were indisposed and she
+wished her household to be represented. Judge Read was
+a widower and some years later I renewed my acquaintance
+with him in Washington. During my visit in Philadelphia,
+Mrs. Scott was suddenly called away and hesitated
+about leaving us two young girls in the house alone, her
+younger daughters being absent at school. Finally, she
+made arrangements for us to spend the days of her absence
+in Burlington, New Jersey, with Miss Susan Wallace,
+a friend of hers and a niece of the Hon. William
+Bradford, Attorney-General during a portion of Wash<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>ington's
+last administration. This, however, was not altogether
+a satisfactory arrangement for us young people
+and we became decidedly restless, but to Burlington we
+went just the same. Meanwhile, news came from Mexico
+of a great American victory and the public went wild
+with enthusiasm. Philadelphia made plans to celebrate
+the glad event on a certain evening, and Cornelia Scott
+and I decided to return to Philadelphia for the festivities.
+We carefully planned the trip and took as our protector
+a faithful colored man named Lee. Arabella Griffith, an
+adopted daughter of Miss Wallace, also accompanied us,
+and as another companion we took Mrs. Scott's pet dog
+<i>Gee</i> whom, before the evening was over, we found to be
+very troublesome. We made the trip to Philadelphia by
+water and landed in an out-of-the-way portion of the city.
+Owing to the dense crowds assembled to view the decorations,
+illuminations and fireworks, we were unable to procure
+a carriage and consequently were obliged to walk,
+while, to cap the climax, in pushing through the crowd
+we lost Miss Griffith. General Scott's name was upon the
+lips of everyone, and his pictures were seen hanging
+from many windows; yet the daughter of the hero who
+was the cause of all the enthusiasm was a simple wayfarer,
+rubbing elbows with the multitude, unrecognized
+and entirely ignored. I may state, by the way, that Arabella
+Griffith subsequently became the wife of General
+Francis C. Barlow and that, while her husband was fighting
+the battles of his country during the Civil War, she
+did noble service in the Union hospitals as a member of
+the United States Sanitary Commission, and died in the
+summer of 1864 from a fever contracted in the hospitals
+of the Army of the Potomac.</p>
+
+<p>I remained in Philadelphia much longer than I had
+originally anticipated, and unexpected warm weather
+found me totally unprepared. I immediately wrote to my
+sister Margaret and asked her to send me some suitable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>
+apparel. Her letter in reply to mine, which I insert,
+gives something of an idea of New York society of that
+period. As she was quite a young girl her references to
+Miss Julia Gerard whom she knew quite well and "Old
+Leslie Irving," who, by the way, was only a young man,
+must be regarded merely as the silly utterances of extreme
+youth:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Dear Sister,</p>
+
+<p>I received your letter and as it requires an immediate
+answer, I shall commence writing you one. I believe in
+my last I mentioned to you that I was going to Virginia
+Wood's [Mrs. John L. Rogers] the following evening. I
+went with [William B.] Clerke [a young broker] and had
+quite a pleasant time. There were two young ladies there
+from Virginia whose names I do not know, Dr. Augustine
+Smith's daughter, myself, Mr. Galliher, Mr. Rainsford, Mr.
+Bannister and Mr. Pendleton [John Pendleton of Fredericksburg,
+Virginia]. I was introduced to the latter and
+liked him quite well. I had a long talk with him. His
+manners are entirely too coquettish to suit me; he does nothing
+but shrug his shoulders and roll up his eyes&mdash;perhaps
+it is a Virginia custom. He seems to think Miss Gerard
+[Julia, daughter of James W. Gerard] his <i>belle</i> ideal or
+<i>beau</i> ideal of everything lovely, etc. I told him that I
+thought her awful, that she had such an inanimate sickly
+expression, and I abused her at a great rate! I expect
+he thinks I am a regular devil!</p>
+
+<p>Tonight I am going to the opera. "Lucretia Borgia"
+is to be performed. I have learned a song from Lucia.
+So you can imagine how much the rooster has improved!</p>
+
+<p>On Thursday evening I was at the Moore's [Dr. William
+Moore]. Frank Bucknor came for me and brought
+me home. His sister [Cornelia Bucknor, subsequently the
+wife of Professor John Howard Van Amringe of Columbia
+College] was there, Beek Fish [Beekman Fish], Bayard
+Fish, Dr. [Adolphus] Follin, old Leslie Irving and Frank
+Van Rensselaer. Miss Moore told me that May came for
+us that evening to go to the Academy. I am dreadfully
+sorry that you will not be able to go to the Kemble [Mrs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>
+William Kemble] ball; they are going to have it on Monday.
+I dare say it will be very pleasant and old Chrystie
+will be there. Emily B. [Emily Bucknor] and Frank
+[Bucknor] are going.</p>
+
+<p>My hat has come home, and it is very pretty; it is a
+sherred blue crape, without any ribbon&mdash;trimmed very
+simply with blue crape and illusion mixed and the same
+inside.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. William Le Roy has been to see you. Ma thinks
+that you had better come home when you first expected&mdash;on
+Tuesday or Wednesday. I am very much disappointed
+that you are not here to go to the Kembles as you have a
+dress to wear.</p>
+
+<p>You can tell Adeline [Adeline Camilla Scott], if you
+please, that Mr. Pendleton wants to know the use of sending
+her to school when her head is filled with beaux and
+parties. I told him her mother did it to keep her out of
+mischief. Bucknor says he thinks it is time for you to
+come home. If you stay much longer my spring fever
+will come on and I shall get so many things there will be
+no money left for you. Besides Mr. Pendleton is going to
+the Bucknor's some day next week and I am going to get
+him to stop for me, and if you are home I shall invite you
+to go along. Beek Fish will be there the same evening
+with his flute. He told Emily B. that his sister [Mrs.
+Thomas Pym Remington of Philadelphia] had written them
+that you had been in Philadelphia and that she was so delighted
+to see you.</p>
+
+<p>Leslie Irving told me that he had seen a letter in the
+Commercial Advertiser from Thomas Turner [subsequently
+Rear Admiral Turner, U.S.N.] to Hamilton Fish.
+He thought of sending it to you, but he thought some one
+else had probably done so. I hear that they [the Fishes]
+are to have a party. The Bankheads [General James
+Bankhead's daughters] are going to spend the summer at
+West Point. Pa and Jim are better. Pa rode out yesterday
+and walked out to-day. He has been in a great
+state of excitement about General Scott. It was reported
+two days ago that he was killed and he was afraid it was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>
+true. Vera Cruz, I believe, is taken. I cannot write any
+longer, I'm so tired. I will send Cornelia's [Cornelia
+Scott] purse by H. Forbes [Harriet Forbes, Mrs. Colhoun
+of Philadelphia].</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. Campbell.</span></p>
+
+<p>Saturday April 10th.</p>
+
+<p>Pa thinks it is time for you to come home. Do you
+know of any opportunity? I shall not send anything to
+you. You see you never will take my advice in anything.
+I told you to bring your pink dress with you but you
+would not. I suppose I shall not hear from you again.
+Pa says you can do as you please about staying longer.</p></div>
+
+<p>Elizabeth, New Jersey, was a quaint old town whose inhabitants
+seemed almost exclusively made up of Barbers,
+Ogdens and Chetwoods, with a sprinkling of De Harts.
+There was a steamboat plying between Elizabethport
+(now a part of the City of Elizabeth) and New York,
+and we were its frequent patrons. Ursino, the country
+seat of the Kean family, then as now was one of the historic
+places of the neighborhood. As I remember the
+beautiful old home, it was occupied by John Kean, father
+of the late senior U.S. Senator from New Jersey. At
+an earlier period the latter's great-grandfather had married
+Susan Livingston, a daughter of Peter Van Brough
+Livingston of New York, and resided at Ursino. After
+the death of her husband she married Count Julian
+Niemcewicz, who was called the "Shakespeare of Poland"
+and who came to America with Kosciusco, upon whose
+staff he had served. She was also the grandmother of
+Mrs. Hamilton Fish. Another noted estate in the same general
+neighborhood, was "Abyssinia," owned and occupied
+for a long period by the Ricketts family, whose walls were
+highly decorated by one of its artistic members. I am informed
+that it still stands but that it is used, alas, for
+mechanical purposes!</p>
+
+<p>I recall with intense pleasure another of my visits to
+New Jersey when I was a guest at the home of General
+and Mrs. Scott in Elizabeth. Isabella Cass of Detroit,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>
+daughter of General Lewis Cass, was also there at the
+same time. She attended school in Paris while her father
+was Minister to France and received other educational advantages
+quite unusual for women at that time. While
+residing in Washington at a subsequent period she was regarded
+as one of the reigning belles. She married a member
+of the Diplomatic Corps from the Netherlands and
+lived and died abroad. A constant visitor of the Scott
+family whom I recall with great pleasure was Thomas
+Turner, subsequently an Admiral in our Navy. He was
+a Virginian by birth and a near relative of General Robert
+E. Lee; but, though possessing the blood of the Carters,
+he remained during the Civil War loyal to the national
+flag. His wife was Frances Hailes Palmer of "Abyssinia."</p>
+
+<p>Still another guest of the Scotts in Elizabeth was the
+erratic but decidedly brilliant Doctor William Starbuck
+Mayo. Although Mrs. Scott was a Mayo, they were not
+related. He was from the northern part of the State of
+New York, while Mrs. Scott, as is well known, was from
+Virginia. Doctor Mayo, however, was an ardent admirer
+of Mrs. Scott and made the fact apparent in much that
+he said and did. He was the author of several works,
+one of which was a romance entitled "Kaloolah," which
+he dedicated to Mrs. Scott. When I met him in Washington
+he was on his first bridal tour, although pretty well
+advanced in years. His bride was Mrs. Henry Dudley of
+New York, whose maiden name was Helen Stuyvesant.
+She was the daughter of Nicholas William Stuyvesant and
+one of the heirs of the large estate of Peter G. Stuyvesant.
+During Van Buren's administration, Doctor Mayo was a
+social light in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>There was another Dr. Mayo&mdash;Robert Mayo of Richmond&mdash;who,
+in some respects, created a temporary commotion
+in public life in Washington and elsewhere. He
+was a Virginian by birth, and at one time figured prominently
+as a politician. He engaged in the presidential<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>
+campaign of 1828 as an ardent partisan of General Jackson
+and during that period edited in Richmond the
+<i>Jackson Democrat</i>. He subsequently, however, parted
+company with his presidential idol, and in 1839 published
+a volume entitled, "Political Sketches of Eight
+Years in Washington," which is almost exclusively devoted
+to an arraignment of General Jackson's administration.
+In an original letter now before me, written by
+Martin Van Buren to Governor William C. Bouck, of
+New York, which has never before appeared in print, he
+speaks in an amusing manner of Dr. Mayo. I insert the
+whole letter, as his allusions to General Jackson are of
+exceptional interest. No one can well deny that the parting
+admonition of Polonius to his son Laertes is a masterpiece
+of human wisdom, but this letter of the "Sage of
+Lindenwald" to Governor Bouck reveals ability by no
+means inferior to that of this wise councilor of Denmark.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>[<span class='smcap'>ex-president van buren to gov. william c. bouck of n.y.</span>]</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Confidential.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>Lindenwald,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+Jan<sup>y</sup>. 17th 1843.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Sir,</p>
+
+<p>I embrace the occasion of a short visit of my son Major
+Van Buren to Albany before he goes South to drop you a
+few lines. Although I have not admitted it in my conversations
+with those who are given to croaking, and thus
+alarm our friends, I have nevertheless witnessed with the
+keenest regret the distractions among our friends at Albany;
+&amp; more particularly in relation to the state printing.
+It is certainly a lamentable winding up of a great
+contest admirably conducted &amp;, as we supposed, gloriously
+terminated. Without undertaking to decide who is
+right or who is wrong, and much less to take any part in
+the unfortunate controversy, I cannot but experience great
+pain from the eying of so bitter a controversy in the face
+of the enemy among those who once acted together so honorably
+&amp; so usefully, and for all of whom I have so much<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>
+reason to cherish feelings of respect &amp; regard. Permit
+me to make one suggestion, &amp; that relates to the importance
+of a speedy decision, one way or the other. Nothing
+is so injurious in such cases as delay. It is almost
+better to decide wrong than to protract the contest. Every
+day makes new enemies &amp; increases the animosities of
+those who have already become so, &amp; extends them to
+other subjects; and yet nothing is so natural as to desire
+to put off the decision of controversies among friends.
+Most happy would I be to find that you had been able to
+mitigate, if not altogether to obviate, existing difficulties
+by providing places for one or more of the competitors in
+other branches of the public service to which they are
+adapted &amp; with which they would be as well satisfied.</p>
+
+<p>It has afforded me unfeigned satisfaction to learn, as
+I do from all quarters, that you keep your own secrets in
+regard to appointments, &amp; don't feed every body with
+promises or what they construe into promises&mdash;a practice
+which so many public men are apt to fall into, &amp; by which
+they make themselves more trouble &amp; subject themselves
+to more discredit than they dream of. Persevere in that
+course, consider carefully every case &amp; make the selection
+which your own unbiassed judgment designates as the
+best, &amp; above all let the people see as clear as day that you
+do not yield yourself to, or make battle against, any cliques
+or sections of the party, but act in good faith and to the
+best of your ability for the good of the whole, and you
+may be assured that the personal discontents which you
+would to some extent occasion, if you had the wisdom of
+Solomon &amp; were pure as an angel, will do you no harm &amp;
+be exceedingly evanescent in their duration. The Democratic
+is a reasonable &amp; a just party &amp; more than half of
+the business is done when they are satisfied that the man
+they have elected means to do right. The difficulty with
+a new administration is in the beginning. At the start
+little matters may create a distrust which it will take a
+series of good acts to remove. But once a favourable impression
+is made &amp; the people become satisfied that the
+right thing is intended, it takes great errors, often re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>peated,
+to create a counter current. Will you excuse me
+if, from a sincere desire for your success, I go farther &amp;
+touch upon matters not political, or at least not wholly
+so? Your situation of course excites envy &amp; jealousy on
+the part of some. It is impossible from the character of
+man that it should be otherwise, bear yourself ever so
+meekly &amp; you cannot avoid it. There will therefore in
+Albany, as well as elsewhere, be people who will make ill
+natured remarks &amp; there will be still more who will make
+it their business, in the hope of benefitting themselves, to
+bring you exaggerated accounts of what is said, and if
+they lack materials they will tell you, if they find that you
+like to listen to small things, a great deal that never has
+been said. It is my deliberate opinion that these mischievous
+gossips cause public men more vexation, yes, ten
+fold, than all the cares &amp; anxieties of office taken together.
+I have seen perhaps as much of this as any man of my
+age, &amp; claim to be a competent judge of the evil &amp; its
+remedies. The greatest fault I ever saw in our excellent
+friend Gen<sup>l</sup>. Jackson, was the facility with which (in carrying
+out his general principle that it was the duty
+of the President to hear all) he leant his ear, though not
+his confidence, to such people. Though very sagacious &amp;
+very apt to put the right construction upon all such revelations,
+it was still evident that he was every day more or
+less annoyed by them. I endeavored to satisfy him of the
+expediency of shutting their mouths, but did not succeed,
+&amp; I am as sure as I can be of any such thing that if the
+truth could be known it would appear that he had experienced
+more annoyance from such sources than from all
+the severe trials through which he had to pass &amp; did pass
+with such unfading glory. Having his case before me, I
+determined to profit by the experience I had acquired in
+so good a school. I had no sooner taken possession of the
+White House than I was beset by these harpies. The way
+in which I treated the whole crew, with variations of
+course according to circumstances, will appear from the
+following dialogue in a single case. The celebrated Dr.
+Mayo called upon me &amp; in his stuttering &amp; mysterious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>
+way commenced by asking when he could have a few minutes
+very private conversation with me. Knowing the
+man, I anticipated his business &amp; told him now, I will
+hear you now. He then told me he had discovered a conspiracy
+to destroy me politically the particulars of which
+he felt it to be his duty to lay before [me]. I replied instantly,
+&amp; somewhat sternly, Dr., I do not wish to hear
+them. I have irrefragable proof, he replied. I don't
+care, was the response. It is in writing, Sir, said he. I
+won't look at it, Sir. What, said he, don't you want to
+see it if it is in writing &amp; genuine? An emphatic No,
+Sir, closed the conversation. The Dr. raised his eyes and
+hands as if he thought me demented, &amp; making a low bow
+&amp; ejaculating a long Hah-hah retreated for the door. The
+story about the Dr. got out and, partly by mine &amp; I believe
+in part also by his means, &amp; alarmed all the story
+tellers who heard of it. A few repetitions of the same
+dose to others impressed the whole crew with a conviction
+that nothing was to be gained by bringing such reports to
+me. The consequence was that although Washington is
+perhaps the most gossiping place in the world, I escaped
+its contamination altogether, and had no trouble except
+such as unavoidably grew out of my public duties; and
+although I had perhaps a more vexatious time than any
+of my predecessors in that respect I was the only man, they
+all say, who grew fat in that office.</p>
+
+<p>I was happy to learn from my son John by a letter received
+yesterday the high opinion he entertains of your
+discreet &amp; honorable bearing in the midst of the difficulties
+by which you are beset. I hope he &amp; Smith, [another
+son of Martin Van Buren], exercise the discretion by
+which their course has heretofore been governed, in meddling
+as little with things political that do not belong to
+them as possible. They know that such is my wish, as
+any contest there must necessarily be more or less between
+my friends; and I shall be obliged to you to give them
+from time to time such advice upon the subject as you
+may think proper. Be assured that they will take it in
+good part. You may, if you please, at your convenience,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>
+return me the suggestions I sent you, as I may have occasion
+to weave some parts of them into letters that I am
+frequently obliged to write; the rough draft was made
+with a pencil &amp; is now illegible. Be assured that your not
+using them occasioned me no mortification, as I before told
+you it would not. You had a nearer &amp; could take a safer
+view of things than myself. Don't trouble yourself to answer
+this letter as it requires none; only excuse me for
+writing you one so unmercifully long.</p>
+
+<p>Remember me kindly to Mrs. Bouck, &amp; believe me to
+be</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. Van Buren</span>.</p>
+
+<p>His Excellency,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wm. C. Bouck.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1850 General and Mrs. Scott moved to Washington
+and Hampton was closed for many years. They
+lived in one of the houses built by Count De Menou,
+French Minister to this country from 1822 to 1824, on H
+Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, on
+the present site of the Epiphany Parish House. These
+residences were commonly called the "chain buildings,"
+owing to the fact that their fences were made almost entirely
+of iron chains. Two of them, thrown into one,
+were occupied by the Scotts and were owned by my
+father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur, senior. In the
+third, the property of Mrs. Beverly Kennon, lived the
+venerable Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and her only daughter,
+Mrs. Hamilton Holly.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER IX</h2>
+
+<h3>SOCIAL LEADERS IN WASHINGTON LIFE</h3>
+
+
+<p>I passed many delightful hours in the Washington
+home of General Scott and had a standing invitation
+to come and go as I pleased. Upon his return from
+the war with Mexico, crowned with the laurels of victory,
+he immediately became one of the most prominent lions
+of the day. He had successfully invaded a practically
+unknown country reeking with the terrible <i>vomito</i>, a
+disease upon which the Mexicans relied to kill their foes
+more expeditiously than ammunition, and had well
+earned for himself the plaudits of a grateful country. I
+distinctly remember that he received flattering letters
+from the Duke of Wellington and other distinguished foreigners
+congratulating him upon his military success.
+His headquarters were now established in Washington,
+and his house became one of the most prominent social
+centers of the National Capital. About this time Mrs.
+Scott was much in New York, where her third daughter,
+Marcella, subsequently Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish, was
+attending school, and consequently her daughter Cornelia,
+who not long before had married her father's aide, Henry
+Lee Scott of North Carolina, was virtually mistress of the
+establishment. Mrs. Henry Lee Scott's social sway in
+Washington was almost unprecedented. She was as grand
+in appearance as she was in character, and during one of
+her visits to Rome she sat for a distinguished artist as a
+model for his pictures of the Madonna. General Scott
+seemed to derive much pleasure and satisfaction from the
+society of his former companions in arms, who were al<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>ways
+welcomed to his hospitable board. Among those I
+especially recall were Colonels John Abert, Roger Jones,
+William Turnbull and Ichabod B. Crane, whose son, Dr.
+Charles H. Crane, later became Surgeon General of the
+Army. These occasions were especially delightful to me
+as a young woman, and I always regarded it as an exceptional
+privilege to be present.</p>
+
+<p>The Whig party meanwhile nominated General Scott
+for the presidency. The opposing candidate was Franklin
+Pierce. One day during the campaign Scott, in replying
+to a note addressed to him by William L. Marcy, Secretary
+of War in Polk's cabinet, began his note: "After a
+hasty plate of soup"&mdash;supposing that his note would be
+regarded as personal. Marcy, who was a keen political
+foe, was too astute a politician, however, not to take advantage
+of the chance to make Scott appear ridiculous.
+He classified the note as official, and the whole country
+soon resounded with it. I saw General Scott when he returned
+from his Mexican campaign, covered with glory,
+to confront his political enemies at home, and I was also
+with him in 1852 when the announcement arrived that he
+had been defeated as a presidential candidate. Were I
+called upon to decide in which character he appeared to
+the greater advantage, that of the victor or the vanquished,
+I should unhesitatingly give my verdict to the latter.
+There was a grandeur in his bearing under the adverse circumstances
+with which the success and glamour of arms
+could not compare.</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, the beloved rector of St. John's
+Episcopal Church, often mingled with the distinguished
+guests gathered at the residence of General Scott. He
+was full of life and fun and good cheer and would even
+dare, when occasion offered, to aim his jokes and puns at
+General Scott himself. At one of the General's dinners,
+for example, while the soup was being served, he addressed
+him as "Marshal <i>Turenne</i>." It is said that upon one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span>
+occasion, when the good rector failed by polite efforts to
+dismiss a book-agent, he was regretfully compelled to order
+him from his house. "Your cloth protects you," said the
+offended agent. "The cloth protects <i>you</i>," replied Dr.
+Pyne, "and it will not protect you long if you do not
+leave this instant." In spite of this incident, it was well
+known that the Doctor had a tender and sympathetic
+nature. After he had officiated at the funerals of
+his parishioners it is said that his wife was frequently
+compelled to exert all her efforts to arouse him from his
+depression. About this same period, Ole Bull, the great
+Norwegian violinist who was second only to Paganini,
+was receiving an enthusiastic reception from audiences
+"panting for the music which is divine." Upon this particular
+evening Dr. Pyne sat next to me, when he suddenly
+exclaimed: "If honorary degrees were conferred upon
+musicians, Ole Bull would be Fiddle D.D." At another
+time, when Dr. Edward Maynard, a well-known Washington
+dentist, was remodeling his residence on Pennsylvania
+Avenue, now a portion of the Columbia Hospital, Dr. Pyne
+was asked to what order of architecture it belonged and replied:
+"<i>Tusk-can</i>, I suppose,"&mdash;a pretty poor pun, but no
+worse, perhaps, than most of those one hears nowadays.
+The Rev. Dr. Pyne performed the marriage ceremony, at
+the "chain buildings," of General Scott's second daughter,
+Adeline Camilla, and Goold Hoyt of New York. It was a
+quiet wedding and only the members of the family were
+present. I remember the bride as one of the most beautiful
+women I have ever known; her face reminded me of
+a Roman cameo.</p>
+
+<p>General Scott was something of an epicure. I have
+seen him sit down to a meal where jowl was the principal
+dish, and have heard his exclamation of appreciation
+caused in part, possibly, by his recollection of similar
+fare in other days in Virginia. He did the family
+marketing personally, and was very discriminating in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span>
+his selection of food. Terrapin, which he insisted upon
+pronouncing t<i>a</i>rrapin, was his favorite dish, and he would
+order oysters by the barrel from Norfolk. On one occasion
+he attended a banquet where all the States of the
+Union were represented by a dish in some way characteristic
+of each commonwealth. Pennsylvania was represented
+by a bowl of sauer-kraut; and in speaking of the
+fact the next morning the General remarked: "I partook
+of it with tears in my eyes."</p>
+
+<p>New Year's day in Washington was a festive occasion,
+especially in the home where I was a guest. General and
+Mrs. Scott kept open house and of course most of the
+Army officers stationed in Washington, and some from the
+Navy, called to pay their respects. All appeared in full-dress
+uniform, and a bountiful collation was served. I
+was present at several of these receptions and recall that
+after the festivities of the day were nearly over General
+Scott, who of course had paid his respects to the President
+earlier in the day, always called upon two venerable women&mdash;Mrs.
+"Dolly" Madison, who then lived in the house
+now occupied by the Cosmos Club, and Mrs. Alexander
+Hamilton, his next door neighbor. During the
+winter of 1850, which I spent with the Scotts, I participated
+with them in the various social enjoyments of
+the season.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the month of January, 1851, and not long
+after the re-assembling of Congress, that genial gentleman,
+William W. Corcoran, gave his annual ball to both Houses
+of Congress, and it was in many ways a notable entertainment.
+As this was long previous to the erection of his
+public art gallery, his house was filled with many paintings
+and pieces of statuary. Powers's "Greek slave,"
+which now occupies a conspicuous place in the Corcoran
+Art Gallery, stood in the drawing-room. General Scott did
+not care especially for large evening entertainments, but
+he always attended those of Mr. Corcoran. In this in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>stance
+I was the only member of the household who accompanied
+him, and the ovation that awaited his arrival
+was enthusiastic; and as I entered the ballroom with him I
+received my full share of attention. Among the prominent
+guests was General "Sam" Houston, arrayed in his blue
+coat, brass buttons and ruffled shirt. His appearance was
+patrician and his courtesy that of the inborn gentleman.
+I once laughingly remarked to General Scott that General
+Houston in some ways always recalled to me the personal
+appearance of General Washington. His facetious rejoinder
+was: "Was ever the Father of his Country so
+defamed?" I met at this entertainment for the first
+time Charles Sumner, who had but recently taken his seat
+in the U.S. Senate and of whom I shall speak hereafter.
+Caleb Cushing was also there, and Cornelia Marcy, the
+beautiful daughter of William L. Marcy, was one of the
+belles of the ball. I have stated that General Scott did
+not generally attend evening entertainments; in his own
+way, however, he took great interest in all social events,
+and upon my return from parties, sometimes at a very
+late hour, I have often found him awaiting my account
+of what had transpired.</p>
+
+<p>I have spoken of General Houston's appearance. I
+now wish to refer to his fine sense of honor. He was married
+on the 22d of January, 1829, to Miss Eliza Allen,
+daughter of Colonel John Allen, from near Gallatin, the
+county town of Sumner county in Tennessee, and separated
+from her directly after the marriage ceremony
+under, as is said, the most painful circumstances. The
+wedding guests had departed and General Houston and
+his bride were sitting alone by the fire, when he suddenly
+discovered that she was weeping. He asked the cause of
+her tears and was told by her that she had never loved
+him and never could, but had married him solely to please
+her father. "I love Doctor Douglas," she added, "but I
+will try my best and be a dutiful wife to you." "Miss,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>
+said Governor Houston, even waiving the fact that he had
+just married her, "no white woman shall be my slave;
+good-night." It is said that he mounted his horse and
+rode to Nashville where he resigned at once his office as
+Governor and departed for the Cherokee country, where
+and elsewhere his subsequent career is well known. Having
+procured a divorce from his wife, he married Margaret
+Moffette in the spring of 1840.</p>
+
+<p>During the same winter I attended a party given by
+Mrs. Clement C. Hill, as a "house-warming," at her residence
+on H Street. Many years later George Bancroft,
+the historian, occupied this residence and it is still called
+the "Bancroft house." Mr. Hill was a member of a
+prominent Maryland family which owned large estates in
+Prince George County, and his wife was recognized as one
+of the social leaders in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Another ball which I recall, which I attended in company
+with the Scotts, was given by Colonel and Mrs. William
+G. Freeman at their residence on F Street, near Thirteenth
+Street, the former of whom was at one time Chief
+of Staff to General Scott. I well remember that General
+Scott accompanied his daughter and me and that he wore
+at the time the full-dress uniform of his high rank. As
+he measured six feet four in his stocking-feet, the imposing
+nature of his appearance cannot well be described.
+Mrs. Freeman, whose maiden name was Margaret Coleman,
+was one of the joint owners of the Cornwall coal
+mines in Pennsylvania. Her sister, Miss Sarah Coleman,
+shared her house for many years, and old Washingtonians
+remember her as the "Lady Bountiful" whose whole life
+was devoted to good works. Colonel and Mrs. Freeman's
+two daughters, Miss Isabel Freeman and Mrs. Benjamin
+F. Buckingham, still reside in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>The first guest whom I recall at this ball was the
+sprightly Mary Louisa Adams. She made her home with
+her grandfather, John Quincy Adams, who lived in one of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>
+the two white houses on F Street, between Thirteenth and
+Fourteenth Streets, now called the "Adams house." She
+was the venerable ex-President's principal heir, and subsequently
+married her relative, William Clarkson Johnson
+of Utica. George B. McClellan was also a guest at this
+entertainment as one of the young beaux. His presence
+made an indelible impression upon my memory as I was
+dancing a cotillion with him when, to my nervous horror,
+the pictures in the ballroom began to spin and I made myself
+conspicuous by nearly fainting. I did not, however,
+lose consciousness like the heroines of the old tragedies,
+and was conducted to a retired seat where, at the request
+of General Scott, I was attended by Dr. Richard Henry
+Coolidge, Surgeon in the Army, who was also a guest.
+General Scott's admiration for this distinguished gentleman,
+personally as well as professionally, was very great.
+I have often heard the General say that Dr. Coolidge not
+only prescribed for the physical condition of his patients
+but also by the example of his Christian character elevated
+their moral tone. He concluded his eulogy with the
+words: "Dr. Coolidge walks humbly before his God."
+His widow, Mrs. Harriet Morris Coolidge, daughter of
+Commodore Charles Morris, U.S.N., one of the distinguished
+heroes of the War of 1812, is still living in Washington.
+I occasionally see her in her pleasant home on L
+Street where she welcomes a large circle of friends, giving
+one amid her pleasant surroundings a pleasing picture
+of a serene old age.</p>
+
+<p>During my many visits to the Scott household after the
+Mexican War, I always occupied a comfortable brass camp
+bedstead which had formerly belonged to the Mexican
+General, Santa Anna. It seems that just after the battle
+of Cerro Gordo this warrior made a hasty flight, leaving
+behind him his camp furniture and even, it is said, his
+wooden leg. This bedstead was captured as a trophy of
+war, and finally came into General Scott's possession.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span>
+The memory of this man's brutal deeds, however, never
+disturbed my midnight repose. Texas history tells the
+story of the Alamo and of the six brave men there put to
+death by his orders, suggesting in a certain degree the
+atrocities of the Duke of Cumberland of which I have already
+spoken. Santa Anna, however, had Indian blood
+in his veins&mdash;an extenuating circumstance that cannot be
+offered in defense of the "Butcher of Culloden."</p>
+
+<p>There was always more or less gossip afloat concerning
+the alleged strained relations existing between General
+and Mrs. Scott, owing largely to the fact that the conditions
+attending and surrounding their respective lives were
+fundamentally different and often misunderstood. General
+Scott was a born commander while <i>Madame la G&eacute;n&eacute;ral</i>
+from her earliest life had had the world at her feet.
+Such a combination naturally resulted in an occasional
+discordant note, which unfortunately was usually sounded
+in public. Their private life, however, was serene, and
+they were invariably loyal to each other's interests.
+When Mrs. Scott, for example, learned that James
+Lyon of Richmond, an intimate friend of the General and
+herself and a trustee for certain of her property, had, although
+a Whig, voted against her husband when a presidential
+candidate, she at once revoked his trusteeship. At
+another time she wrote some attractive lines which she
+feelingly dedicated to her husband.</p>
+
+<p>I recall an amusing incident related by General Scott
+just after a journey to Virginia that well illustrates the
+exigencies that awaited persons traveling in those days in
+carriages. For a brief period before the inauguration of
+President Harrison, General Scott was in Richmond, and
+in due time, as he thought, started for the station to catch
+a train for Washington to be present when the President-elect
+should take his oath of office. He missed the train,
+however, and immediately secured a carriage to convey him
+to Washington, as his presence there was imperative; but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>
+after a hard day's journey the horses could go no further,
+and he was obliged to seek shelter for the night. Stopping
+at a house near the roadside and inquiring whether
+he could be accommodated, he was told that there was but
+one vacant room and that it had been engaged some days
+in advance by a German butcher, accompanied by his
+wife and daughter. This party meanwhile arrived and
+upon being informed of General Scott's predicament generously
+offered to share the room with him. It was arranged
+that the women should occupy one of the beds
+and General Scott and the butcher the other. The
+women, after retiring early, gave the signal, "All
+right," when the men took possession of the second bed.
+After some pretty fast traveling the next morning, General
+Scott reached his destination. While he was relating
+this laughable experience to us some years later, I
+inquired whether he had enjoyed a comfortable rest.
+"No," was his emphatic response, "the butcher snored
+the whole night." During this visit to Richmond, General
+Scott was invited by an old friend to accompany her
+and her two sisters to a Roman Catholic church to hear
+some fine music. Upon arriving at the door they were
+met by the sexton, who, somewhat flurried by seeing General
+Scott, announced in stentorian tones the advent of
+the strangers&mdash;"three cheers (chairs) for the Protestant
+ladies."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 294px;"><a name="img6" id="img6"></a>
+<a href="images/img06.jpg"><img src="images/img06th.jpg" width="294" height="400" alt="Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham.
+The original portrait was burned many years ago." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham.<br /></span>
+<span class='caption2'><i>The original portrait was burned many years ago.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>While I am relating Scott anecdotes, I must not
+omit to speak of an amusing experience the old General
+was fond of relating which occurred while he was
+traveling in the West. In his official capacity he was a
+sojourner for a short period in Cincinnati, and, upon leaving
+that now prosperous city, he directed that P.P.C.
+cards be sent to all persons who had called upon him. It
+seems that the social <i>convenances</i> had not yet dawned upon
+this city, now the abode of arts and sciences, as the town
+wiseacre, learned in many things as well as social lore, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>
+called upon for an elucidation of the three mysterious letters.
+Apparently he was not as able an exponent as was
+Daniel at Balshazzar's feast, who so readily deciphered
+"the handwriting on the wall." He construed the letters
+to signify <i>pour prendre caf&eacute;</i>, an invitation which was
+gladly accepted, much to General Scott's astonishment,
+who decided then and there to confine himself in future to
+plain English.</p>
+
+<p>The charming old resident society predominated in those
+days in the District of Columbia, and wealth was not a
+controlling influence in social life. The condition of society
+was, therefore, different from that of to-day, when
+apparently the</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">... strongest castle, tower or town,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The golden bullet beateth down.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The old Washingtonians are now sometimes designated as
+"cave dwellers," and, generally speaking, the public bows
+to the golden calf. The term "old Washingtonians," as
+now used, applies to residents descended from the original
+settlers of Maryland and Virginia, as well as to Presidential
+families and the representatives of Army and
+Navy officers of earlier days. Their social code is, in some
+respects, entirely different and distinct from that of any
+other city, and was formed many decades ago by the ancestors
+of the "cave dwellers," who were so peculiarly
+versed in the varied requirements and adornments of
+social life that to-day no radical innovations are acceptable
+to their descendants.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of the Army and Navy, I am reminded of an
+amusing anecdote which has been generally circulated regarding
+the wife of a wealthy manufacturer from a small
+western town who, after building a handsome home in the
+heart of a fashionable section of the city, announced that
+her visiting list was growing so large that she must in
+some way reduce it and that she had decided to "draw it"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>
+on the Army and Navy. It seems almost needless to say
+that this remark created much unfavorable comment, as
+Washington is especially proud of the Army and Navy
+officers she has nurtured.</p>
+
+<p>Among the families who were socially prominent at the
+National Capital when I first knew it, were the Seatons,
+Gales, Lees, Freemans, Carrolls, Turnbulls, Hagners, Tayloes,
+Ramsays, Millers, Hills, Gouverneurs, Maynadiers,
+Grahams, Woodhulls, Jesups, Watsons, Nicholsons, Warringtons,
+Aberts, Worthingtons, Randolphs, Wilkes, Wainwrights,
+Roger Jones, Pearsons, McBlairs, Farleys, Cutts,
+Walter Jones, Porters, Emorys, Woodburys, Dickens,
+Pleasantons, McCauleys, and Mays.</p>
+
+<p>I often recall with pleasure the days spent by me at
+Brentwood, a fine old country seat near Washington, and
+picture to my mind those forms of "life and light" arrayed
+in the charms of simplicity which were there portrayed.
+The far West had not then poured its coffers into
+the National Capital, and the mining element of California
+was then unknown. It is true that Washington, with its
+unpaved streets and poorly lighted thoroughfares, was
+then in a primitive condition, but it is just as true that its
+social tone has never been surpassed. Brentwood was the
+residence of Mrs. Joseph Pearson, who dispensed its hospitalities
+with ease and elegance. For many years it was
+a social <i>El Dorado</i>, where resident society and distinguished
+strangers were always welcome. Although it was
+then remote from the heart of the city, most of its numerous
+visitors were inclined to linger, once within its walls,
+to enjoy the charmed circle which surrounded the Pearson
+family. Both the daughters of this house, Eliza, who married
+Carlisle P. Patterson, Superintendent of the U.S.
+Coast Survey, and Josephine, who became the wife of
+Peter Augustus Jay of New York, were Washington beauties.
+Their social arena, however, was not confined to this
+city, as they made frequent visits to New York, where they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>
+were regarded as great belles. Christine Kean, an old
+friend of mine who was a younger sister of Mrs. Hamilton
+Fish, both of whom were daughters of Peter Philip James
+Kean of New Jersey, was intimate with the "Pearson
+girls," and made frequent visits to Brentwood, where she
+shared in their social reign. Christine Kean married William
+Preston Griffin, a naval officer from Virginia, who
+survived their marriage for only a few years. I was accustomed
+to call her "sunshine" as she carried joy and
+gladness to every threshold she crossed. She was superintendent
+of nurses in the sanitary corps during the Civil
+War, and as such rendered conspicuous service in the
+State of Virginia. She still resides in New York, admired
+and beloved by a large circle of friends, and those charming
+traits of character which have always made her so
+universally beloved are now hallowing the declining years
+of her life.</p>
+
+<p>I often met Joseph C. G. Kennedy at General Scott's,
+usually called "Census" Kennedy. One day we were
+shocked to learn that Solon Borland, U.S. Senator from
+Arkansas, standing high in political circles but called by
+General Scott "a western ruffian," had assaulted Mr.
+Kennedy and broken his nose. I knew both Mr. and Mrs.
+Kennedy in after life. He was a gentleman of the old
+school, beloved and respected by everyone. His death in
+1887 was a shocking tragedy. A lunatic with a fancied
+grievance met him on the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue
+and Fifteenth Street, and stabbed him. Mr. Kennedy
+was a grandson of Andrew Ellicott, who, his descendants
+claim, conceived the original plans of the city of Washington
+instead of Pierre Charles l'Enfant, to whom they are
+generally attributed.</p>
+
+<p>While visiting in Washington I had the pleasure of renewing
+my acquaintance with Isaac Hull Adams of the
+Coast Survey. He was a bachelor, and his sister, Miss
+Elizabeth Combs Adams, always lived with him. They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+were children of Judge Thomas Boylston Adams, a son of
+President John Adams, and resided in the old Adams
+homestead in Quincy, Massachusetts. I had originally
+known both of them in earlier life in New York, and it
+was a sincere pleasure to meet them again. Miss Adams
+was a generous and broad-minded woman who inherited
+the intellectuality of her ancestors. Her reminiscences of
+the White House during the Monroe administration, when
+her uncle, John Quincy Adams, was Secretary of State,
+were of the deepest interest. She also loved to dwell upon
+the days of the administration which followed, when she
+was a constant visitor at the White House as the guest of
+her uncle, the President. I called upon her a few years
+ago in Quincy, while I was visiting in Boston, and found
+her living quietly in the old home, surrounded by her
+many household gods. She died soon after I saw her, but
+the memory of her friendship is enduring.</p>
+
+<p>Before making my visit to Quincy I wrote to Miss
+Adams asking her whether she was equal to seeing me.
+She was then nearly ninety-two years old, having been
+born on the 9th of February, 1808. In a few days I received
+the following letter from her own pen:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'><span class="smcap">21 Elm Street, Quincy, Mass.</span>, November 16, 1899.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p>
+
+<p>I was very glad to receive your note saying that you
+would come to see us in a few days. I am a very poor
+writer, not holding the old pen of the "ready writer," and
+my brother Isaac Hull is a great invalid and not able to
+get about, so lame.</p>
+
+<p>I began two or three notes to you but my fingers are so
+stiff I do not hold the pen, but wish to tell you that we
+shall be glad to see you. We are both tired of being invalids.
+We do not forget good old times far back in the
+century. The steam cars leave Boston at the South Station.
+I think I sent you a letter yesterday, but if you
+fail to get it, I shall be very sorry.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have so many letters to write and can but just keep
+the pen going. It is a lovely day, but I never go out now
+and Isaac Hull is suffering all sorts of pains. Comes down
+when he can. Sorry to send such a poor sample. I have
+not been at Jamaica Plain for two years.</p>
+
+<p>We live in the oldest house and are the oldest couple in
+"all Connecticut," as Hull used to sing.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Very truly yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">E. C. Adams</span>.</p>
+
+<p>As I say, the very oldest and the head of five generations.
+I am so forgetful.</p></div>
+
+<p>"Hull" Adams, as he was generally called, had a fine
+tenor voice and I have frequently heard him sing in duet
+with Archibald Campbell, who sang bass. Adams and
+Campbell were lifelong friends and were fellow students
+at West Point. The latter was graduated from West
+Point in 1835 and resigned from the Army in 1838. He
+subsequently became a civil engineer and was a Commissioner
+to establish the boundaries between the United
+States and Canada. His wife was Miss Mary Williamson
+Harod of New Orleans, and a niece of Judge Thomas
+B. Adams. Her father, Charles Harod, who was president
+of the Atchafalaya Bank of New Orleans, was an
+aide-de-camp to General Jackson at the battle of New Orleans
+and, with Commodore Daniel T. Patterson in command
+of our naval forces, met and arranged with the
+pirate Jean Lafitte to bring in his men to fight on the
+American side. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were lifelong
+residents of the District, where she is especially remembered
+for her many pleasing traits. Their son, Charles
+H. Campbell, still resides in Washington and married a
+daughter of the late Admiral David D. Porter, U.S.N.
+For many years, the Archibald Campbells lived on H
+Street in a house which is now a portion of The Milton.</p>
+
+<p>I remember when Commander Matthew F. Maury,
+U.S.N., the distinguished author of "The Geography of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>
+the Sea," was stationed in the old Naval Observatory and
+preparing those charts of the ocean which so gladdened
+the hearts of mariners, quite unconscious meanwhile
+of the sensational career which awaited him. He and
+Mrs. Maury resided in Washington and, aided by their
+daughters, dispensed a lavish hospitality. A few years
+later, however, when Virginia seceded from the Union,
+Maury resigned from the Navy and linked his destiny
+with his native State. I learned much of his subsequent
+career from General John Bankhead Magruder, a distant
+relative of my husband, who also resigned from the service
+and espoused the Southern cause. At the time of
+General Lee's surrender, Maury was in England and the
+following May sailed for St. Thomas, where he heard of
+Lincoln's assassination. He then went to Havana, whence
+he sent his son to Virginia, and took passage for Mexico.
+He had approved of the efforts of the Archduke Maximilian
+to establish his empire in America and had already
+written him a letter expressive of his sympathy. Without
+waiting, however, for a reply he followed his letter,
+and upon his arrival in Mexico in June was warmly welcomed
+by Maximilian, by whom he was asked to accept a
+place in his Ministry; but the flattering offer was declined
+and in its place he received an appointment as Director of
+the Imperial Observatory. It seems superfluous to add
+what everyone knows, or ought to know, that Maury was
+a Christian gentleman of rare accomplishments and one
+of the most proficient scientists of his day.</p>
+
+<p>General Magruder was with Maury when they learned
+of Lincoln's assassination, and accompanied him to Mexico,
+where he served as Major General in Maximilian's army
+until the downfall of the usurping Emperor. In referring
+to his experiences in Mexico he dwelt with much emphasis
+upon the Empress Carlota and her interesting personality.
+He described her as especially kind and sympathetic
+and as treating Maury and himself with distin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>guished
+consideration at her court. This pleasing experience,
+however, was not of long duration. A cloud hung
+over the Mexican throne and it became apparent that Maximilian's
+reign was drawing to a close. Realizing this
+state of affairs, Magruder and Maury left Mexico, the
+former returning to the United States while the latter
+sailed for Europe. The Empress Carlota returned to
+Austria, leaving Maximilian to fight alone a hopeless
+cause. Louis Napoleon's vision of an European Empire
+on American soil soon vanished, and Maximilian's tragic
+death and Carlota's subsequent derangement caused a
+throb of sympathy which was felt throughout the civilized
+world.</p>
+
+<p>During the Mexican War, General Magruder, though a
+good officer and one of the bravest and most chivalrous of
+men, never lost sight of his position in the <i>beau monde</i>.
+He never went into battle, however pressing the emergency,
+without first brushing his hair well, smoothing
+his mustache and arranging his toggery after the latest
+and most approved style. Often during the rage of
+the battle, while the shot were raining around him like
+hail and his men and horses and guns were exposed to a
+destructive and merciless fire, he would stand up with his
+tall, straight figure in full view of the Mexicans and, assuming
+the most impressive and fashionable attitudes,
+would eye the enemy through his glass with all the coolness
+and grace suited to a glance through an opera glass
+at a beautiful woman in an opposite box. I have always
+heard that he could not be provoked by any circumstances
+to commit an impolite or an ungenteel act. But he came
+very near forfeiting his reputation in this respect at the
+battle of Contreras. Upon being ordered to take a certain
+position with his battery, he found himself exposed to a
+terrible fire from the enemy's big guns. In the midst of
+this hot fire, an aide of one of the generals, from whom Magruder
+had not received his order to occupy this position,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span>
+rode up to the gallant officer and told him that he had
+orders for him from General &mdash;&mdash;. "But, my dear fellow,"
+interrupted the polite Captain, "you must dismount
+and take a glass of wine with me; do&mdash;I have some excellent
+old Madeira." The aide dismounted and the wine
+was hastily drunk by the impatient young Lieutenant, who
+did not enjoy it very much as there was a constant fire
+of grape and canister rattling about them all the
+time. But Captain Magruder desired very much to have a
+little agreeable chat over his wine, as, he remarked, it
+was no use popping away with his diminutive pieces
+against the heavy guns of the enemy. "But I am ordered
+by General &mdash;&mdash; to direct you to fall back, abandon your
+position, and shelter your pieces," was the impatient response.
+"My dear fellow," replied the Captain, "do take
+another sip of that wine&mdash;it is delicious!" "But you are
+ordered by General &mdash;&mdash; to retire, Captain; and you are
+being cut up." "Much obliged to you, my dear friend,
+but if you will only make yourself comfortable for a few
+minutes, I will get some sardines and crackers." "I must
+go," impatiently remarked the Lieutenant, mounting his
+horse; "what shall I report to the General?" "Well, my
+dear fellow, if you are determined to go, please present my
+compliments to General &mdash;&mdash; and tell him that, owing to
+a previous engagement with General &mdash;&mdash;, I am under
+the necessity of informing him that before I leave this
+spot I will see him in the neighborhood of a certain gentleman
+whose name is not to be mentioned in polite society."
+So, at all events, goes the story, and I presume
+we may believe as much or as little of it as we please.</p>
+
+<p>General Magruder, while our guest in our country home
+near Frederick, in Maryland, related to me many interesting
+incidents connected with Maury's career. The General
+seemed to possess an unusual appreciation of the
+good things of life and told me with much gusto about the
+numerous delicacies with which Mexico abounded. His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>
+descriptions served to recall to my mind the fact that when
+he was in our regular army he had the reputation of
+"faring sumptuously every day." When in command at
+Newport, Rhode Island, he gave a ball, during which he
+employed the services of some of the soldiers under his
+command for domestic purposes, and for this act was
+reprimanded by the War Department. After the Civil
+War he went to Texas and died in Houston in the winter
+of 1871. He was a brave soldier and was twice brevetted
+for gallantry and meritorious conduct on the battlefields
+of the Mexican War.</p>
+
+<p>General John B. Magruder and his brother, Captain
+George A. Magruder of the Navy, who early in life became
+orphans, were brought up by their maternal uncle,
+General James Bankhead, U.S.A. General "Jack" Magruder,
+as he was usually called, developed rather lively
+traits of character, while his younger brother George was
+so deeply religious that, during his naval career, his nickname
+was "St. George of the Navy." When both young
+men had reached manhood, General Bankhead read them
+a homily, having special reference, however, to his nephew
+"Jack." "I have reared you both with the utmost care
+and circumspection," he said, "but you, John, have not
+my approval in many ways." Jack's response was characteristic.
+"Uncle," he said, "I can account for it in the
+following manner&mdash;George has followed your precepts,
+but I have followed your example." At the outbreak of
+the Civil War, Captain Magruder resigned from the Navy
+and went with his family to Canada, where his daughter
+Helen married James York MacGregor Scarlett, whose
+title of nobility was Lord Abinger, his father having been
+raised to the peerage as a "lower Lord."</p>
+
+<p>Another Virginia family of social prominence, whose
+members mingled much in Washington society while I
+was still visiting the Winfield Scotts, was that of the Masons
+of "Colross," the name of their old homestead near<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>
+Alexandria in Virginia. Mrs. Thomson F. Mason was usually
+called Mrs. "Colross" Mason to distinguish her from
+another family by the same name, that of James M. Mason,
+United States Senator from Virginia. The family thought
+nothing of the drive to Washington, and no entertainment
+was quite complete without the "Mason girls,"
+who were especially bright and attractive young women.
+Open house was kept at this delightful country seat and
+many were the pleasant parties given there. One of the
+daughters, Matilda, married Charles H. Rhett, a representative
+South Carolinian, and my friend, Cornelia Scott, was
+one of her bridesmaids. Florence, another sister, who was
+generally called "Folly," married Captain Thomas G.
+Rhett of the Army, a brother of her sister's husband. He
+resigned at the beginning of the Civil War, as a South
+Carolinian would indeed have been a <i>rara avis</i> in the
+Federal Army in 1861, and became an officer in the Confederate
+Army; while from 1870 to 1873 he was a Colonel
+of Ordnance in the Army of the Khedive. Miss Betty
+Mason, the oldest of these sisters, was a celebrated beauty
+and became the wife of St. George Tucker Campbell of
+Philadelphia.</p>
+
+<p>It was about this time I first made the acquaintance of
+Emily Virginia Mason, who recently died in Georgetown
+after a long and active life. We were accustomed to have
+long conversations over the tea table concerning bygone
+days, and I sadly miss her bright presence. Her memories
+of a varied life both in Washington and Paris were highly
+entertaining and as one of her auditors I never grew
+weary while listening to her graphic descriptions of persons
+and things. She was a daughter of John T. Mason
+and a sister of Stevens Thompson Mason, the first governor
+of Michigan, often called the "Boy Governor." She
+was very active during the Civil War as a Confederate
+nurse and continued her kindly acts thereafter in other
+fields of benevolence. She wrote a life of General Robert<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>
+E. Lee and several other books, and made a compilation
+of "Southern Poems of the War," which was subsequently
+published under that title.</p>
+
+<p>One may readily turn from Emily Virginia Mason to her
+life-long friend, the daughter of Senator William Wright
+of New Jersey. It was during her father's official life in
+Washington that Miss Katharine Maria Wright met and
+married Baron Johan Cornelis Gevers, <i>Charg&eacute; d'affaires</i>
+from Holland to the United States. After her marriage
+she seldom visited her native country but made her home
+in Holland until her death a few years ago. Her son also
+entered the diplomatic service of his country and a few
+years ago was living in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>After my father's death we continued as a family to
+live in our Houston Street home in New York, but in 1853
+we found the character of the neighborhood, which had
+been so pleasant in years gone by, changing so rapidly
+that we sold our house and moved to Washington. We
+secured a pleasant old-fashioned residence on G Street,
+between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets, which in subsequent
+years became the Weather Bureau. Next door to
+us lived Mrs. Graham and her daughter, Mrs. Henry K.
+Davenport, the grandmother and mother respectively of
+Commodore Richard G. Davenport, U.S.N. Mrs. Graham
+was the widow of George Graham, who, for a time during
+Monroe's administration, acted as Secretary of War.
+While he was serving in this capacity, his brother, John
+Graham, was a member of the same cabinet, serving as
+Secretary of State. Mrs. Davenport was the mother of a
+family of sons known familiarly to the neighborhood as
+Tom, Dick and Harry. In the same block lived Mr.
+Jefferson Davis, who was then in the Senate from Mississippi.
+I remember hearing Mrs. Davis say that it was
+worth paying additional rent to live near Mrs. Graham,
+as she had such an attractive personality and was such a
+kind and attentive neighbor. A few doors the other side<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>
+of us resided Captain and Mrs. Henry C. Wayne, the
+former of whom was in the Army and was the son of
+James M. Wayne of Georgia, a Justice of the Supreme
+Court; while across the street was the French Legation.
+Next door, at the corner of G and Eighteenth Streets,
+lived Edward Everett. Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Wainwright
+lived on the next block in a house now occupied
+by General and Mrs. A. W. Greely. I attended the wedding
+of Miss Henrietta Wainwright, soon after we arrived
+in Washington, to William F. Syng of the British Legation.
+She was the aunt of Rear-Admiral Richard Wainwright,
+U.S.N., who, as Commanding Officer of the
+<i>Gloucester</i>, rendered such conspicuous service at the battle
+of Santiago. Not far away, on the corner of
+Twenty-first and G Streets, lived Lieutenant Maxwell
+Woodhull of the Navy and his wife; and their children
+still reside in the same house. On F Street, near Twenty-first
+Street, was the home of Colonel William Turnbull,
+U.S.A., whose wife was a sister of General George Douglas
+Ramsay, U.S.A., who was so well known to all old
+Washingtonians. General Ramsay was very social in his
+tastes, and many years before this time he and Columbus
+Monroe were the groomsmen at the wedding at the White
+House when John Adams, the son of John Quincy Adams,
+married his first cousin, Miss Mary Hellen. General
+and Mrs. Ramsay lived on Twenty-first Street, not
+far from his sister, Mrs. William Turnbull. Mrs. John
+Farley (Anna Pearson), a half-sister of Mrs. Carlisle P.
+Patterson, lived on F Street, near Twenty-first Street,
+and the latter's sister, Mrs. Peter Augustus Jay (Josephine
+Pearson), began her matrimonial life on the northwest
+corner of F and Twenty-first Streets.</p>
+
+<p>William Thomas Carroll's residence on the corner of
+Eighteenth and F Streets witnessed a continuous scene of
+hospitality. Mrs. Carroll was never happier than when
+entertaining. She lived to an advanced age, and until<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>
+almost the very last, remained standing while receiving
+her guests. I have heard that she retained two sets of
+servants, one for the daytime and the other for the night.
+In her drawing-room hung many portraits of family ancestors
+arrayed in the antique dress of olden times. She
+was a daughter of Governor Samuel Sprigg of Maryland
+and was a handsome and accomplished woman. Her four
+daughters, who materially assisted her in dispensing hospitality,
+were very popular young women. Violetta Lansdale,
+the oldest, married Dr. William Swann Mercer of
+the well-known Virginia family; Sally is the present
+Countess Esterhazy; Carrie married the late T. Dix Bolles
+of the Navy; and Alida is the wife of the late John
+Marshall Brown of Portland, Maine. The Carroll house
+is still standing and became the residence of the late
+Chief Justice Melville Fuller of the U.S. Supreme Court.
+I have always heard that the Carroll house, a substantial
+structure with large rooms, was built by Tench Ringgold,
+who was U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia
+longer than any of his predecessors. He occupied this
+position during the whole of President Monroe's administration,
+and I have heard it related in the Gouverneur
+family that, when Monroe was retiring from office, he asked
+his successor, John Quincy Adams, on personal grounds,
+to retain Mr. Ringgold. This request was granted and
+Mr. Monroe made the same appeal to Andrew Jackson
+shortly after the latter's inauguration, and received the
+cordial response, "Don't mention it, don't mention it."
+On the strength of this interview, Ringgold naturally assumed
+he was safe for another term, but, to the surprise
+of many, he was succeeded two years later by Henry Ashton,
+who retained the office for about three years. "Old
+Hickory," as everybody knows, had a mind of his own.</p>
+
+<p>It was often very pleasant in my new surroundings to
+welcome to Washington some of my early New York
+friends; and among these none were more gladly received<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>
+than Frances and Julia Kellogg of Troy. My intimacy
+with these sisters goes back as far as my school days at
+Madame Chegaray's, where Frances Kellogg was a boarding
+pupil and in a class higher than mine when I was a
+day-scholar. It was the habit of these sisters to spend
+their winters in Washington and their summers at West
+Point; and it was during their sojourn at the latter place
+that Frances became engaged to George H. Thomas of the
+Army who, although a Virginian by birth, rendered such
+distinguished services during our Civil War as Commander
+of the Army of the Cumberland. Many years after General
+Thomas's death, his widow built a house on I Street,
+where she and Miss Kellogg presided during the remainder
+of their lives. During one of our many conversations,
+Mrs. Thomas told me that when her husband was informed
+that a house was about to be presented to him by admiring
+friends, in recognition of his conspicuous services during
+the Civil War, he at once declined the offer, saying
+that he had been sufficiently remunerated, and requested
+that the money raised for the purpose should be given in
+charity. A distinguished Union General, who had already
+accepted a house, remonstrated with him and said:
+"Thomas, if you refuse to accept that house it will make
+it awkward for us." General Thomas's characteristic response
+was: "You may take as many houses as you please,
+but I shall accept none."</p>
+
+<p>At this time the house 14 Lafayette Square, now Jackson
+Place, still standing but very much altered, was owned
+and occupied by Purser and Mrs. Francis B. Stockton and
+the latter's sister, daughters of Captain James McKnight
+of the Marine Corps and nieces of Commodore Stephen
+Decatur. Purser Stockton once told me that he had purchased
+this home for seven thousand dollars. The house
+prior to his ownership had been the residence of a number
+of families of distinction, among others the Southards
+and Monroes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After giving up our home in New York I made a visit
+of some weeks to my friends, the family of William Kemble,
+who was still residing on St. John's Park in New
+York. While there we were invited to an old-fashioned
+supper at the home of Mr. Peter Goelet, a bachelor, on
+the corner of Nineteenth Street and Broadway, presided
+over by his sister, Mrs. Hannah Greene Gerry. Upon
+the lawn of this house Mr. Goelet indulged his ornithological
+tastes by a remarkable display of various species
+of turkeys with their broods, together with peacocks
+and silver and golden pheasants. As can be readily
+understood, this was a remarkable sight in the heart
+of a great city, and caused much admiration from
+passers-by.</p>
+
+<p>It has been said that at one time William W. Corcoran's
+father kept a shoe store in Georgetown, and that the
+son, one of the most conspicuous benefactors of the city
+of Washington, was very proud of the fact. I have also
+heard it said, although I cannot vouch for the truth of the
+statement, that the son cherished his father's business sign
+as one of his valued possessions. Whether or not these
+allegations agree or conflict with the explicit statement
+concerning his father made by William W. Corcoran himself,
+is left for others to judge. The latter wrote concerning
+his father: "Thomas Corcoran came to Baltimore
+in 1783, and entered into the service of his uncle, William
+Wilson, as clerk, beginning with a salary of fifty pounds
+sterling a year.... He brought his family to Georgetown
+and commenced the shoe and leather business on Congress
+Street," etc., etc. Be the facts as they may, a witticism
+of William Thomas Carroll was a <i>bon mot</i> of the
+day many years ago in Washington. Upon being asked
+upon one occasion whether he knew the elder Mr. Corcoran,
+he replied: "I have known him from first to <i>last</i>
+and from <i>last</i> to first." Mr. Carroll for thirty-six years
+was Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>
+Chief Justice Roger B. Taney paid him a well-earned
+tribute when he stated that he was "an accomplished and
+faithful officer, prompt and exact in business, and courteous
+in manner, and during the whole period of his judicial
+life discharged the duties of his office with justice to the
+public and the suitors, and to the entire satisfaction of
+every member of the Court."</p>
+
+<p>At the period of which I am speaking, some of the clerical
+positions in the various departments of the government
+were filled by members of families socially prominent.
+Francis S. Markoe and Robert S. Chew, for example, were
+clerks in the State Department, and Archibald Campbell
+and James Madison Cutts held similar positions. For
+many years women were not employed by the government.
+It is said that the first one regularly appointed was Miss
+Jennie Douglas, and that she received her position through
+the instrumentality of Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the
+Treasury, at the request of General Francis E. Spinner,
+Treasurer of the United States. She was assigned to the
+duty of cutting and trimming treasury-notes, a task that
+had hitherto been performed with shears by men. General
+Spinner subsequently stated that her first day's work
+"settled the matter in her and in women's favor."
+James Madison Cutts, at one time Second Comptroller of
+the Treasury under Buchanan, married Ellen Elisabeth
+O'Neill, who, with her sister Rose, subsequently Mrs. Robert
+Greenhow, resided in the vicinity of Washington.
+Both sisters possessed much physical beauty. Madison
+Cutts, as he was generally called, was a nephew of
+"Dolly" Madison, and his father, Richard Cutts, was once
+a Member of Congress from New Hampshire.</p>
+
+<p>It is to the kindness of Mrs. Madison Cutts that I owe
+the memory of a pleasant visit to Mrs. Madison. She
+took me to call upon her one afternoon, and I shall never
+forget the impression made upon me by her turban and
+long earrings. Her surroundings were of a most inter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>esting
+character and her graceful bearing and sprightly
+presence, even in extreme old age, have left a lasting picture
+upon my memory. Her niece, "Dolly" Paine, was living
+with her at her residence on the corner of H Street
+and Madison Place, now forming a part of the Cosmos
+Club. Todd Paine, her son, unfortunately did not prove
+to be a source of much satisfaction to her. He survived
+his mother some years and eventually the valuable Madison
+manuscripts and relics became his property. At the
+time of his death in Virginia this interesting collection
+was brought to Washington, where, I am informed, some
+of it still remains as the cherished possession of the McGuire
+family. Mr. and Mrs. Madison Cutts were devotees
+of society and consequently they and Mrs. Madison met
+upon common ground. The afternoon of my memorable
+visit to this former mistress of the White House I remember
+meeting quite a number of visitors in her drawing-room,
+as temporary sojourners at the National Capital
+were often eager to meet the gracious woman who
+had figured so conspicuously in the social history of the
+country.</p>
+
+<p>I knew Madison Cutts's daughter, Rose Adele Cutts, or
+"Addie" Cutts, as she was invariably called, when she
+first entered society. Her reputation for beauty is well
+known. I always associate her with japonicas, which she
+usually wore in her hair and of which her numerous bouquets
+were chiefly composed. Her father frequently accompanied
+her to balls, and in the wee small hours of the
+night, as he became weary, I have often been amused at
+his summons to depart&mdash;"Addie, <i>allons</i>." As quite a
+young woman, Addie Cutts married Stephen A. Douglas,
+the "Little Giant," whom Lincoln defeated in the memorable
+presidential election of 1860. It is said that her ambition
+to grace the White House had much to do with the
+disruption of the Democratic party, as it was she who
+urged Douglas onward; and everyone knows that the di<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>vision
+of the Democratic vote between Stephen A. Douglas
+and John C. Breckenridge resulted in the election of Lincoln.
+Some years after Douglas's death, his widow married
+General Robert Williams, U.S.A., by whom she had
+a number of children, one of whom is the wife of Lieutenant
+Commander John B. Patton, U.S.N.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Madison Cutts's sister, Mrs. Robert Greenhow, was
+a woman of attractive appearance and unusual ability.
+Her husband was a Virginian by birth and a man of decided
+literary tastes. When I first knew her she was a
+widow, and but few romances can excel in interest one
+period of her career. She was a social favorite and her
+house was the rendezvous of the prominent Southern politicians
+of the day. This, of course, was before the Civil
+War, during a portion of which she made herself conspicuous
+as a Southern spy. At the commencement of the
+struggle her zeal for the Southern cause became so conspicuous
+and offensive to the authorities in Washington
+that she was arrested and imprisoned in her own house on
+Sixteenth Street, near K Street. Later she was confined
+in the "Old Capitol Prison." General Andrew Porter,
+U.S.A., whose widow still resides in Washington and is
+one of my cherished friends, was Provost Marshal of the
+District of Columbia at this time, and as such Mrs. Greenhow
+was in his charge during her imprisonment. This
+duty was made so irksome to him that, upon one occasion,
+he exclaimed in desperation that he preferred to resign
+his position rather than to continue such an uncongenial
+task. It has been stated that information conveyed by
+her to the Confederates precipitated the Battle of Bull
+Run, which was so disastrous to the Union Army. Her
+conduct, even in prison, was so aggressive that the government
+officials decided she was altogether too dangerous a
+character to remain in Washington. They accordingly
+sent her, accompanied by her young daughter Rose, within
+the Southern lines, fearing that even behind prison bars<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>
+her ingenuity might devise some method of communicating
+with the enemy. From the South she went to London,
+where she published, in 1863, a volume entitled, "My
+Imprisonment and the First Years of Abolition Rule at
+Washington," to which I have already referred. I have
+heard that this book had quite a circulation in Great Britain,
+but that an attempt was made to suppress it in the
+United States. The last year of the war, Mrs. Greenhow
+was returning to America with considerable money acquired
+by the sale of her book, which she carried with her
+in gold. She took passage upon a blockade-runner which,
+after pursuit, succeeded in reaching the port of Wilmington,
+North Carolina. She was descending from her ship
+into a small boat to go on shore when she made a false
+step and fell into the water. Her gold tied around her
+neck held her down and she was drowned. Her remains
+were recovered and brought to the town hall, where they
+laid in state prior to an imposing funeral service. She
+was regarded throughout the South as a martyr to its
+cause.</p>
+
+<p>Old Washingtonians who recall Mrs. Greenhow's eventful
+career will associate with her, in a way, Mrs. Philip
+Phillips, who was also active in the Southern cause, and
+whose husband represented Alabama with much ability for
+one term in Congress. He subsequently remained in Washington,
+where he was known as a distinguished advocate
+before the Supreme Court. Mrs. Phillips's enthusiastic
+friendship for the South made serious trouble for herself
+and family. The first year of the war, all of them were
+sent across the Union lines, and went to New Orleans,
+where General Benjamin F. Butler was in command. A
+few days after her arrival she Was brought before him
+charged with "making merry" over the passing funeral
+of Captain George Coleman De Kay of New York, an officer
+in the Union Army. When General Butler inquired
+why she laughed, she replied: "Because I was in a good<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>
+humor." Unable longer to suppress his indignation, Butler
+exclaimed: "If such women as you and Mrs. Greenhow
+are let loose, our lives are in jeopardy." Mrs. Phillips's
+reply was: "We of the South hire butchers to kill our
+swine." Another day a search was made in Mrs. Phillips's
+house for information concerning the Confederacy which
+she was thought to have. When personally searched and
+compelled to remove her shoes, she suggested that it was
+impossible for a Northern man to get his hand inside a
+Southern woman's shoe. General Butler finally ordered
+Mrs. Phillips to be confined on an island near New Orleans,
+and placed over her a guard whose duty it was to
+watch her night and day. I have often heard her give an
+account of her life under these trying circumstances. She
+said she lived in a large "shoe box"&mdash;whatever that meant&mdash;and
+that her meals were served to her three times a day
+upon a tin plate. From what I have already said, it is
+apparent that she was an exceedingly witty woman. One
+day, while walking on the streets in Washington, she was
+joined by a distinguished prelate of the Roman Catholic
+Church, and inquired whether he could lay aside his cloth
+long enough to listen to a conundrum? Upon receiving
+a favorable response, she asked: "Why is His Holiness,
+the Pope, like a goose?" The reply was: "Because he
+sticks to his Propaganda!"</p>
+
+<p>I shall always recall with pleasure a dinner party I attended
+at the residence of Edward Everett. As Mrs.
+Everett was in very delicate health and seldom appeared
+in public, Mr. Everett presided alone. The invitations
+were for six o'clock, and dinner was served promptly at
+that hour. I was taken into the dining-room by Mr.
+Philip Griffith, one of the Secretaries of the British Legation.
+We had just finished our second course when, to
+the surprise of everyone, a tall and gaunt gentleman was
+ushered into the dining-room. It was Alexander H.
+Stephens of Georgia, then a member of Congress and sub<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>sequently
+Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy.
+Mr. Everett at once arose and shook hands with Mr.
+Stephens and with an imperturbable expression of countenance
+motioned the butler to provide another seat at the
+table. For a moment there was a slight confusion, as the
+other guests were obliged to move in order to make room
+for the new comer; but everything was speedily arranged
+and Mr. Stephens began his dinner with the third course.
+No explanation was offered at the moment, but later, while
+we were drinking our coffee in the drawing-room, I noticed
+Mr. Everett and Mr. Stephens engaged in conversation.</p>
+
+<p>A few days later, through Mr. Colin M. Ingersoll, a
+Representative in Congress from Connecticut, the cause
+of Mr. Stephens' late appearance at the dinner was made
+clear to me. It seems that Mr. Everett and the French
+Minister, the Count Eug&egrave;ne de Sartiges, his next door
+neighbor, were giving dinner parties the same evening.
+The dinner hour at the French Legation was half-past
+six o'clock, while Mr. Everett's was half an hour earlier.
+Through the mistake of a stupid coachman, Mr. Stephens
+was landed at the door of Count de Sartiges's home and
+entered it under the impression that it was Mr. Everett's
+residence. He walked into the drawing-room and suspected
+nothing, as nearly all the guests were familiar to
+him. Count de Sartiges, however, surprised at the presence
+of an unbidden guest, anxiously inquired of Mr. Ingersoll
+the name of the stranger, and upon being informed
+remarked: "I'll be very polite to him." Seating himself
+by Mr. Stephens' side, an animated conversation followed.
+Meanwhile other guests arrived and the Count de Sartiges
+became diverted, while Mr. Stephens, still unconscious of
+his mistake, turned to Mr. Ingersoll, who stood near, and
+in an irritated tone of voice said: "Who is this Frenchman
+who is tormenting me, and where is Mr. Everett?" Mr.
+Ingersoll explained that the Frenchman was the Count de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>
+Sartiges, and that Mr. Everett was probably presiding
+over his own dinner in the adjoining house.</p>
+
+<p>My <i>vis &agrave; vis</i> at Mr. Everett's table was Miss Ann G.
+Wight, a woman with an unusual history. She was born
+in Montgomery County, Maryland, and as a child was
+placed in a convent. She eventually became a nun and an
+inmate of the Convent of the Visitation in Georgetown,
+where she assumed the name of "Sister Gertrude." She
+was an intellectual woman and was deeply beloved by her
+associates. Without any apparent cause, however, she
+planned an escape from the convent and sought the residence
+of her relative, General John P. Van Ness, dropping
+her keys, as I have understood, in Rock Creek as she
+passed over the Georgetown bridge. Mrs. Charles Worthington,
+a Catholic friend of mine who was educated at
+this same convent, gave me the following explanation of
+her conduct: There was an election for Mother Superior,
+and Miss Wight, deeply disappointed that she was not
+chosen to fill the position, was dissatisfied and when it
+became her turn to answer the front-door bell, suddenly
+determined to leave. She was, however, recognized by
+one of the priests, who followed her to General Van Ness's
+residence, where he insisted upon seeing her. At first she
+refused to meet him, but, upon informing the General that
+he must learn from her own lips whether her departure
+was voluntary, she consented to see him in the presence of
+her relative. She admitted that she had in no way been
+influenced. When I first met Miss Wight she was more
+devoted to "the pride, pomp and circumstance" of the
+world than many who had not led such deeply religious
+lives. She was still living at the residence of General Van
+Ness, and I have heard that she always remained a Roman
+Catholic. During the Everett dinner my escort, Mr. Philip
+Griffith, remarked to me in an undertone: "We have
+an escaped nun here; are we going to have an
+<i>auto da f&eacute;</i>?" I responded that I believed it to be a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>
+matter of record that <i>autos da f&eacute;</i> were solely a courtly
+amusement.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Sidney Brooks, formerly Miss Fanny Dehon of
+Boston, was another of Mr. Everett's guests. She was a
+relative of our host, and it was her custom to make prolonged
+visits to the Everett home. Her presence in Washington
+was always hailed with delight. She was a pronounced
+blonde, and her reputation as a brilliant conversationalist
+was widely extended.</p>
+
+<p>Rufus Choate was an occasional visitor in Washington
+subsequent to his brilliant senatorial career which ended
+in 1845. That I had the pleasure of intimately knowing
+this man of wit and erudition is one of the brightest memories
+of my life. His quaint humor was inexhaustible
+and some of his bright utterances will never perish. When
+a younger sister of mine was lying desperately ill in
+Washington in 1856 he called to inquire about her condition,
+and the tones of his sympathetic voice still linger in
+my ear. It has been fittingly said of Mr. Choate that
+even one's name uttered by him was in itself a delicate
+compliment. It is to him we owe the inspiring quotation,
+"Keep step to the music of the Union," which he
+uttered in his speech before the Whig convention of 1855.
+I have heard some of Mr. Choate's clients dwell upon his
+mighty power as an advocate, and it seems to me that
+words of law flowing from such lips might have been suggestive
+of the harmony of the universe. The chirography
+of Mr. Choate was equal to any Chinese puzzle; it was
+even more difficult to decipher than that of Horace
+Greeley. I once received a note from him and was obliged
+to call upon my family to aid me in reading it. He had a
+fund of humor which was universally applauded by an admiring
+public. Once, in replying to a toast on Yale College
+at the "Hasty-Pudding" dinner, he said that "everything
+is to be irregular this evening." He followed this
+remark by poking a little fun at the expense of the College<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>
+by reading a portion of the will of Lewis Morris, one of
+the Signers and the father of Gouverneur Morris. This
+document was executed in 1760 in New York, and in it he
+expresses his "desire that my son, Gouverneur Morris, may
+have the best education that is to be had in Europe or
+America, but my express will and directions are that he be
+never sent for that purpose to the Colony of Connecticutt,
+lest he should imbibe in his youth that low craft and cunning
+so incident to the People of that Colony, which is
+so interwoven in their Constitutions that all their art cannot
+disguise it from the World; though many of them,
+under the sanctifyed garb of Religion, have endeavored
+to impose themselves on the World for honest men." The
+laughter which followed the reading of this extract was as
+<i>regular</i> as the remarks were <i>irregular</i>. It may be added
+that Lewis Morris died two years after making this will,
+when his son Gouverneur was between ten and eleven
+years of age, and that his desires were respected, as his
+son was graduated from King's (now Columbia) College
+in New York in 1768, when only sixteen years old. His
+father, cold in the grave, had his revenge on the "Colony
+of Connecticutt" and the hatchet, for aught we know to
+the contrary, was forever buried, while old Elihu's college
+still survives in New Haven.</p>
+
+<p>An anecdote relating to Gouverneur Morris still lingers
+in my memory. Before his marriage, quite late in life, to
+Miss Anne Cary Randolph, his nephew, Gouverneur Wilkins,
+was generally regarded as heir to his large estate.
+When a direct heir was born, Mr. Wilkins was summoned
+to the babe's christening. One of the guests began to
+speculate upon the name of the youngster, when Mr. Wilkins
+quickly said, "Why, <i>Cut-us-off-sky</i>, of course," in
+imitation of the usual termination of such a large number
+of Russian names.</p>
+
+<p>In 1852 John F. T. Crampton was British Minister to
+the United States and I had the pleasure of knowing him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span>
+quite well. He was a bachelor of commanding presence,
+and it was rather a surprise to Washingtonians that he
+evaded matrimonial capture! He lived in Georgetown in
+an old-time and spacious mansion, surrounded by ample
+grounds. The proverbial tea-drinking period had not arrived,
+but Mr. Crampton, notwithstanding this fact, gave
+afternoon receptions for which his house, by the way, was
+especially adapted. In 1856, during the Crimean War,
+an unpleasantness arose between Great Britain and this
+country in connection with the charge that Crampton had
+been instrumental in recruiting soldiers in the United
+States for service in the British Army. Accordingly, in
+May of the same year, President Pierce broke off diplomatic
+relations with him and he was recalled. There was
+never, however, any severe reflection made upon him by
+his home Ministry, and after his return to England he was
+made a Knight of the Bath by Lord Palmerston, and a little
+later became the British Minister at St. Petersburg.
+In the autumn of 1856, while in Russia, he married Victoire
+Balfe, second daughter of Michael William Balfe,
+the distinguished musical composer, from whom he was
+divorced in 1863.</p>
+
+<p>I frequently attended receptions at the British Legation,
+and I particularly recall those in the spring of the
+year when they took the form of <i>f&ecirc;tes champ&ecirc;tres</i> upon
+the well-kept lawn. On these occasions the Diplomatic
+Corps was well represented, as well as the resident society.
+I have heard a curious story about Henry Stephen
+Fox, the English Minister in Washington from 1836 to
+1844. He evidently represented the sporting element of
+his day, as it was said he was <i>en &eacute;vidence</i> all night and
+seldom visible by daylight. He was, moreover, exceedingly
+careless about some of the reasonable responsibilities
+of life which rendered it difficult for his creditors to secure
+an audience. They, however, surrounded his house
+in the First Ward one evening and demanded in clamor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>ous
+tones that he should name a definite time when he
+would satisfy their claims. Fox appeared at a front window
+and pleasantly announced that, as they were so urgent
+in their demands, he would state a time which he hoped
+would meet with their satisfaction, and accordingly named
+in stentorian voice the "Day of Judgment."</p>
+
+<p>One of the constant visitors at our home on G Street
+was John Savile-Lumley, who was appointed in 1854 as
+the Secretary of the British Legation under Crampton,
+and in the following year became the English <i>Charg&eacute; d'affaires</i>
+in Washington. I remember him as a fine looking
+gentleman and an especially pleasing specimen of the English
+race. He was the natural son of John Lumley-Savile,
+the eighth Earl of Scarborough, by a mother of
+French origin. After leaving Washington, he represented
+his country in Rome and other prominent courts of Europe,
+and, upon his retirement from the diplomatic service
+in 1888, was raised to the peerage as Baron Savile of Rufford
+in Nottinghamshire. The last I heard of him was
+through one of Lord Ronald Gower's charming books of
+travel, where it states that he was representing Great
+Britain at the court of Leopold I. in Belgium. He died
+in the fall of 1896. His younger brother lived in London
+where, for a period, he acted as a sort of major-domo in
+society, and but few entertainments were considered complete
+without him.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER X</h2>
+
+<h3>DIPLOMATIC CORPS AND OTHER CELEBRITIES</h3>
+
+
+<p>I have already spoken of the Count de Sartiges, who
+so ably represented the French Government in the
+United States. He had not been very long in this
+country when he married Miss Anna Thorndike of Boston,
+and while residing in Washington they dispensed a
+lavish hospitality. Just before he came to this country,
+the Count spent several years in Persia, which was then
+regarded as an out-of-the-way post of duty. I recall quite
+an amusing incident which occurred at an entertainment
+given by the Countess de Sartiges to which I was accompanied
+by George Newell, brother-in-law of William L. Marcy.
+Mr. Newell had not been in Washington long enough to,
+become acquainted with all the members of the Diplomatic
+Corps, and, crossing the room to where I stood, he inquired:
+"Who is the Aborigine who has been sitting next
+to me?" I looked in the direction indicated and recognized
+the well-known person of General Juan Nepomuceno
+Almonte, the Mexican Minister, whose features
+strongly portrayed the Indian type. Some matrimonial
+alliances in Mexico at this time, by the way, were more or
+less complicated; for example, General Almonte's wife
+was his own niece.</p>
+
+<p>The first Secretary of the French Legation was Baron
+Geoffrey Boilleau, who remained in this country for several
+years. While stationed in Washington, he married
+Susan Benton, a daughter of Thomas H. Benton, U.S.
+Senator from Missouri and a political autocrat in his own
+State, another of whose daughters, Jessie Ann, was the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>
+wife of General John C. Fremont. At a later day, both
+Boilleau and Fremont became involved in difficulties of a
+serious character in consequence of which the former,
+while Minister to Ecuador, was recalled to France, where,
+as I am informed, he was convicted and confined for a
+period in the <i>Conciergerie</i>. I am not fully acquainted
+with the exact details of the charges upon which he was
+tried, but they had their origin in the negotiation of certain
+bonds of the proposed Memphis and El Paso Railroad.
+In my opinion, however, no one who knew Baron
+Boilleau well ever doubted his integrity. He was a man
+of decidedly literary tastes and, like many persons of
+that character, possessed but meager knowledge of business.
+It seems that General Fremont had obtained from
+the Legislature of Texas a grant of state lands in the interests
+of the railroad just referred to, which was to be
+a portion of a projected transcontinental line from Norfolk,
+Virginia, to San Diego and San Francisco. It has
+been stated that "the French agents employed to place
+the land-grant bonds of this road on the market made
+the false declaration that they were guaranteed by the
+United States. In 1869 the Senate passed a bill giving
+Fremont's road the right of way through the territories,
+an attempt to defeat it by fixing on him the onus of the
+misstatement in Paris having been unsuccessful. In 1873
+he was prosecuted by the French government for fraud
+in connection with this misstatement. He did not appear
+in person, and was sentenced by default to fine and
+imprisonment, no judgment being given on the merits of
+the case."</p>
+
+<p>Prince Louis de Bearn, Secretary of the French Legation,
+was a gentleman of most pleasing personality. He
+was a strikingly handsome bachelor at the time I knew
+him and was much seen in the gay world. He was never
+called "Prince" in those days, but "Count"; but in a
+letter now before me, written in 1904 by his son, who was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>
+recently an attach&eacute; of the French Embassy in Washington,
+he claims that both his father and grandfather were
+Princes by right of birth. He also states that the title was
+borne by his family before the Revolution of 1789. During
+his official life in Washington, Prince de Bearn married
+Miss Beatrice Winans, daughter of Ross Winans of Baltimore.
+Chevalier John George Hulsemann, the Austrian
+Minister, was a convivial old bachelor and was much esteemed
+at the Capital for his genial qualities. He lived
+on F Street, below Pennsylvania Avenue, and was stationed
+in Washington for many years.</p>
+
+<p>Chevalier Giuseppe Bertinatti, the Italian Minister, commenced
+his diplomatic career in Washington as a bachelor.
+He did not occupy a house of his own, but lodged
+at the establishment of Mrs. Ulrich, which was the headquarters
+of many foreigners. Fifty years ago and more,
+the members of the Diplomatic Corps, with few exceptions,
+lived either in modest residences or in boarding
+houses, in striking contrast with many of the imposing
+mansions now occupied by the official representatives of
+foreign lands. His mission was a diplomatic success and
+while at the capital he married Mrs. Eug&eacute;nie Bass, a handsome
+widow from Mississippi, and soon departed upon another
+mission, taking his American bride with him. Soon
+after the announcement of his prospective marriage, Count
+Bertinatti issued invitations to a large dinner given in
+honor of his <i>fianc&eacute;e</i>. When the gala day arrived, Mrs.
+Bass, though quite indisposed, was persuaded to be present
+at the dinner, but, feeling decidedly ill, she retired from
+the table and in a short time became much nauseated.
+When this state of affairs was explained to General George
+Douglas Ramsay, one of the guests of the evening, his
+quick sally was, "a Bass relief!"</p>
+
+<p>Baron Frederick Charles Joseph von Gerolt, whom I
+knew very well and who represented King William of
+Prussia, is still affectionately recalled by his few survivors<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span>
+who cling to early associations. His departure from
+Washington with his family was more deeply regretted
+than that of some other foreign residents whom I remember,
+as they had made many friends and had lived in
+Washington so long that they were regarded almost as
+permanent residents. The Misses Bertha and Dorothea
+von Gerolt were graceful dancers and were very popular.
+Dorothea married into the Diplomatic Corps and accompanied
+her husband to Greece. I have heard that Bertha
+became deeply attached to the Chevalier A. P. C. Van
+Karnabeek, secretary of the Netherlands Legation, but
+that, owing to religious considerations, her parents frowned
+upon the alliance. She accordingly determined to enter
+upon a cloistered life and went to the Georgetown convent
+where she became a nun, and was known until the day of
+her death in 1890 as "Sister Angela." Baron von Gerolt
+was an intellectual man and, prior to his career in the
+United States, his name was much associated with Baron
+Alexander von Humboldt; but as neither he nor Madame
+von Gerolt were proficient English scholars when they
+first arrived they naturally depended upon others for instruction.
+I can vouch for the truth of the statement that
+upon one occasion they were advised by members of his
+own legation to greet those whom they met with the words,
+"I'm damned glad to see you."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Alfred Bergmans, Secretary of the Belgian Legation,
+married Lily Macalister, a Philadelphia heiress, who, in
+her widowhood, returned to this country and made Washington
+her home. Madame Bergmans was a devotee to
+society and was particularly fond of dancing. She was
+a <i>petite blonde</i>, and, even after it ceased to be fashion,
+she wore her light hair down her back in many ringlets.
+When George M. Robeson, President Grant's Secretary
+of the Navy, saw her for the first time one evening
+while she was dancing, he exclaimed, "That is the tripping
+of the light fantastic toe." She married quite late<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
+in life J. Scott Laughton, who was considerably her junior,
+but did not long survive the alliance.</p>
+
+<p>Many members of the Diplomatic Corps of this period
+married American women. Baron Guido von Grabow,
+one of the secretaries of the Prussian Legation whom I
+knew very well, married Mrs. Edward Boyce, whose
+maiden name was Nina Wood. She was a granddaughter
+of President Zachary Taylor and was well known and
+beloved by old Washingtonians. Her marriage to Baron
+von Grabow offers strong encouragement to persistent suitors.
+He was deeply in love with her prior to her first
+marriage, but she rejected him for Edward Boyce, who
+was a member of a prominent Georgetown family. Mr.
+Boyce lived only a few years, and her subsequent married
+life with Baron von Grabow was long and happy.</p>
+
+<p>Alexandre Gau, <i>Chancelier</i> of the Prussian Legation,
+married my younger sister, Margaret, who was regarded
+as a remarkable beauty as well as an accomplished linguist
+and pianist. Her wedding took place in our G Street
+home in the same room where five months later her funeral
+services were held. Mr. Gau did not long survive her and
+was interred by her side in my father's old burial plot in
+Jamaica, Long Island.</p>
+
+<p>Don Calderon de la Barca, the Spanish Minister to the
+United States, together with his wife, who was Miss Fanny
+Inglis, and her sister, Miss Lydia Inglis, were presiding
+social spirits in Washington for many years. The latter
+married a Mr. McLeod, and, becoming financially embarrassed,
+established on Staten Island a school for girls
+which was ably conducted. These sisters were members of
+a Scotch family of distinguished lineage. One of Mrs.
+McLeod's pupils was Mary E. Croghan, a prominent heiress
+from Pittsburgh. She was still attending school on
+Staten Island when Captain Edward W. H. Schenley of
+the Royal Navy, a Scotch relative of Mrs. McLeod, came
+to America to visit her. In inviting him to be her guest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>
+she felt that, as he was an elderly man, he would prove
+to be quite immune to the attractions of mere school girls.
+I met Captain Schenley about this same time in New York,
+and his "make up" was of such a remarkable character
+that it was a favorite <i>on dit</i> that, when he was dressed
+for standing, a sitting posture was quite an impossibility.
+Young Miss Croghan must have discovered fascinations in
+this Scotchman as she eloped with him from Mrs. McLeod's
+school and after a brief period accompanied him
+to England, where she spent the remainder of her life.
+Mrs. McLeod was severely criticised by her patrons for
+carelessness, and her school was somewhat injured by Miss
+Croghan's matrimonial adventure.</p>
+
+<p>Don Leopoldo Augusto De Cueto was another Spanish
+Minister, whom I regarded as an agreeable acquaintance.
+During his <i>r&eacute;gime</i> filibustering against Spanish possessions,
+and especially Cuba, was a favorite pastime of
+American citizens and rendered the position of the Spanish
+Minister in Washington one of delicacy and difficulty.
+Residing in Washington during De Cueto's tenure
+of office was a Cuban named Ambrosio Jos&eacute; Gonzales,
+who, in the Civil War, became Inspector General of Artillery
+in the Confederate Army, under General Beauregard.
+As he was well versed in music and had a remarkable
+voice, he frequently, upon request, sang selections
+from the popular operas then in vogue. Among the songs
+frequently heard in drawing-rooms was "Suoni la
+Tromba," from Bellini's opera "I Puritani di Scozia,"
+which had been interdicted by the Spanish Government.
+One evening when De Cueto was spending an informal
+evening with my sisters and myself at our G Street home,
+Mr. Gonzales happened to call and was asked to sing.
+He seated himself at the piano and for sometime sang
+various airs for us. Finally, not knowing that "Suoni
+la Tromba" was under the Spanish ban, I asked him to
+sing it. During the song De Cueto was politely attentive,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>
+and at its conclusion had the politeness to applaud it.
+Imagine, however, my surprise when I heard a few days
+later, through a mutual friend, that Gonzales had
+boasted that he sang the song in De Cueto's presence,
+proudly adding that he had looked the Spaniard full in
+the eye when he uttered the word <i>libert&#259;</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Jos&eacute; de Marcoleta, the Nicaraguan Minister to the
+United States, was an elderly and punctilious Spaniard.
+He was indefatigable in the observance of all social duties,
+and I met him wherever I went. He was a bachelor but,
+soon after his arrival in Washington, announced his engagement
+to Miss Mary West of Boston, who unfortunately
+died before her wedding day. I am under the
+impression that he eventually married another American.
+I remember once when he called to see us I asked him to
+tell me something about Nicaragua, which was then an
+almost unknown country. My surprise can hardly be described
+when he told me he had never seen the country
+which he represented, but was a native of Spain.</p>
+
+<p>Baron Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff represented Denmark
+in a manner creditable both to his country and our
+own. He told me that some years previous to his mission
+to America he came to New York in the capacity of an
+engineer and was engaged on work in New York harbor,
+"blowing up rocks." Possibly he was thus employed at
+"Hell Gate," at that time one of the most dangerous obstacles
+to navigation in that vicinity.</p>
+
+<p>The well-known "Octagon," as the old Tayloe home on
+the corner of New York Avenue and Eighteenth Street is
+still called, during my early residence in Washington was
+closed. Many superstitious persons regarded it with fear,
+as its reputation as a haunted house was then, in their
+opinion, well established. I have been told by the daughters
+of General George D. Ramsay that upon one occasion
+their father was requested by Colonel John Tayloe, the
+father of Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, to remain at the Octagon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>
+over night, when he was obliged to be absent, as a protection
+to his daughters, Anne and Virginia. While the
+members of the family were at the evening meal, the bells
+in the house began to ring violently. General Ramsay
+immediately arose from the table to investigate, but failed
+to unravel the mystery. The butler, in a state of great
+alarm, rushed into the dining-room and declared that it
+was the work of an unseen hand. As they continued to
+ring, General Ramsay held the rope which controlled the
+bells, but, it is said, they were not silenced. The architect
+of the Octagon was Dr. William Thornton, of the
+West Indies, who designed the plans of the first capitol
+in Washington and who was the controlling spirit of the
+three Commissioners appointed by Congress to acquire a
+"territory not exceeding ten miles square" for the establishment
+of a permanent seat of government. These men
+were Daniel Carroll, Thomas Johnson, first Governor of
+the State of Maryland, and David Stuart. Most of this
+land, which included Georgetown and Alexandria, was
+primeval forest and was owned chiefly by Daniel Carroll,
+Notley Young, Samuel Davidson and David Burns.</p>
+
+<p>The Commissioners had great difficulty in dealing with
+Burns, who owned nearly all of what is now the northwestern
+section of the city, as he was a closefisted and
+hardheaded Scotchman, who was unwilling to part with
+his lands without being roundly paid for them. When
+argument with him proved fruitless, it is said that General
+Washington, realizing the gravity of the situation,
+rode up several times from Mount Vernon to discuss the
+situation with "stubborn Mr. Burns." At length, in
+despair, he remarked: "Had not the Federal City been
+laid out here, you would have died a poor planter." "Ay,
+mon," was Burns's ready response, "and had you no married
+the widder Custis wi' a' her nagres ye'd ha'e been a
+land surveyor the noo', an' a mighty poor ane at that!"
+It is further related that Washington finally succeeded in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>
+winning Burns over to his way of thinking, and that the
+canny Scotchman, realizing how largely he was to profit
+by the transaction, actually became generous and gave to
+the Commissioners, in fee simple, his apple orchard which
+is now the beautiful Lafayette Square.</p>
+
+<p>In passing through Lafayette Square, I have often sat
+down upon a bench to rest near the "wishing tree," a
+dwarf chestnut so well known to residents of the District,
+and I have been impressed by the many superstitious persons,
+both men and women, who have stopped for a moment
+and silently stood under its branches. Many are
+the credulous believers in its power to satisfy human desires,
+and the season when its branches are full of nuts
+is regarded by these as a specially propitious time for
+their realization. With many persons this tree is the basis
+of their only superstition.</p>
+
+<p>I remember the case of a young girl who had been
+working very hard to obtain a position in one of the departments
+but without success and who, thoroughly discouraged,
+came to the tree early one morning and made
+the wish that to her and her family meant the actual necessities
+of life. She then sat down to rest upon a near-by
+bench before going home, and while there became engaged
+in conversation with a pleasing looking woman, to
+whom she poured forth her heart as she related her hopes
+and disappointments about obtaining a government position.
+As her listener was a sympathetic person, she asked
+the young woman her name and address, and in a few
+days the poor girl received a notice to go to a certain department
+for examination. It seems that her companion
+under the tree was the wife of an influential Senator,
+who was so touched by the young woman's efforts, as
+well as by her childish faith in the "wishing tree," that
+she took pleasure in seeing that her great desire was gratified.</p>
+
+<p>At this time Washington was not far behind other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>
+large cities in games of chance, and gambling was frequently
+indulged in quite openly. Edward Pendleton's
+resort, a luxurious establishment down town, was regarded
+as quite <i>&agrave; la mode</i>, and I have heard it said that he had
+able assistance from social ranks. I have often wondered
+why a man who indulged in this sport was called a
+gambler, as the term "gamester," used many years ago,
+seems decidedly more appropriate. I own two volumes
+of a very old book, published in the eighteenth century,
+entitled "The Gamesters," in which the heroes are professional
+gamblers. I have seen Mrs. Pendleton's costly
+equipage, drawn by horses with brilliant trappings and
+followed by blooded hounds, coursing the length of Pennsylvania
+Avenue, while its owner seemed entirely unconscious
+of the aching hearts which had contributed to all
+her grandeur. Cards were universally played in private
+homes and whist was the fashionable game, General Scott
+being one of its chief devotees. I have often thought how
+much the old General would have enjoyed "bridge," as
+there was nothing that gave him more pleasure than playing
+the "dummy hand."</p>
+
+<p>My old friend, Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, the widow
+of General "Phil" Kearny, in our many chats in her latter
+days, gave me many reminiscences of Washington at
+a time when I was not residing there. She described a
+fancy-dress ball given by her while residing in the old
+Porter house on H Street, which must have been about
+1848, as General Kearny had just returned from the Mexican
+War. She dwelt particularly upon the costume of
+Emma Meredith, one of her guests and the daughter of
+Jonathan Meredith of Baltimore, who came to Washington
+to attend the party. She represented a rainbow and her
+appearance was so gorgeous that Mrs. Kearny said the
+Heavenly vision seemed almost within the grasp of common
+mortals. Miss Meredith's supremacy as a belle has
+never been eclipsed. I recall a painful incident connected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span>
+with her life. A young naval officer was deeply in love
+with her and, it is said, was under the impression that she
+intended to marry him. At a theater party one evening
+he discovered his mistake and, taking the affair to heart,
+returned to his quarters and the same evening swallowed
+a dose of corrosive sublimate. Physicians were immediately
+summoned and, although he regretted the act and
+expressed a desire to live, they were unable to save him.
+It is said that about the same time Miss Meredith left her
+home in Baltimore to visit her sister, Mrs. Gardiner G.
+Howland, whose husband was one of the merchant princes
+of New York, and that, as she crossed the Jersey City
+Ferry, one of the first objects which met her eyes was the
+funeral cortege of her disappointed lover <i>en route</i> to his
+final resting place. Subsequent to this tragedy, I met Miss
+Meredith in Saratoga, surrounded by the usual admiring
+throng. She never married. I heard of her in recent
+years, at a summer resort near Baltimore, and, although
+advanced in years, I understood she still possessed exceptional
+powers of attraction. Only a short time ago I
+heard a young man remark that he knew her very well
+and that he would rather converse with her than with
+women many years her junior.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Kearny was said to be the last of the "Lafayette
+girls." In 1825, when Lafayette made his memorable
+visit to the United States as the guest of the nation, she
+was living with her parents in Louisville, and at the tender
+age of five strewed flowers in the pathway of the distinguished
+Frenchman. She remembered the incident
+perfectly and in our numerous conversations I have repeatedly
+heard her allude to it. She told me that, seated
+at General Lafayette's side in the carriage which conveyed
+him through the city, was the great-uncle, Colonel
+Richard C. Anderson, who led the advance of the American
+troops at the Battle of Trenton. General Robert Anderson,
+U.S.A., whose memory the country honors as the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span>
+defender of Fort Sumpter, was his son. The General's
+widow, a daughter of General Duncan L. Clinch, U.S.A.,
+resided in Washington until her death a few years ago.
+She was a woman of rare intelligence and, although a
+great invalid for many years, gathered around her an
+appreciative circle of friends, who were always charmed
+by her attractive personality.</p>
+
+<p>In my earliest recollection of Washington the old Van
+Ness house was still sheltered by many trees. The foliage
+was so dense that it may have been the desire of the
+occupants to shield themselves in this manner from public
+view. When I first knew the landmark it was occupied
+by Thomas Green, an old-time resident of the District.
+He married, as his second wife, Ann Corbin Lomax,
+a daughter of Major Mann Page Lomax of the
+Ordnance Department of the Army. During the Civil
+War, Mr. Green's sympathies were with the South, but
+he took no active part in the conflict. One of his idiosyncrasies
+was to pick up, on and around his spacious grounds,
+scraps of old iron, such as horse shoes, hay rakes and the
+like, which were placed in a corner of his capacious cellar.
+Suspicion was centered upon his house by information
+given to the government by an old family servant
+who thought he was doing the country a service, and directions
+were accordingly given that it should be searched.
+While this order was in process of execution, the discovery
+of the scrap-iron is said to have played an important
+part and in some unaccountable manner to have aroused
+further suspicion. Whatever the logic of the situation
+may have been is not intelligible, but the fact remains
+I that Mr. and Mrs. Green and the latter's sister, Miss Virginia
+Lomax, were arrested in a summary manner and
+taken to the Old Capital Prison, where for a time they
+were kept in close confinement, during which Miss Lomax
+suffered severe indisposition and, as is said, never entirely
+recovered from the effects of her incarceration. About<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>
+twenty-five years after the War, while staying at the same
+house with her in Warrenton, Virginia, I quite longed to
+hear her reminiscences of prison life; but when I expressed
+my desire to a member of her family, I was requested
+not to broach the subject as, even at this late day,
+it was painful to her as a topic of conversation.</p>
+
+<p>During the War of 1812, Major Lomax was sent upon a
+mission to Canada by the U.S. Government and, one day
+during his brief sojourn, dined in company with some
+British officers. During the dinner a toast was offered
+by one of the sons of John Bull: "To President Madison,
+dead or alive." The responding toast by Major Lomax
+was: "To the Prince Regent, drunk or sober." The British
+officer who had proposed the toast to Madison immediately
+sprang to his feet and with much indignation
+inquired: "Do you mean to insult me, sir?" The quick
+rejoinder was: "I am responding to an insult!"</p>
+
+<p>I met Charles Sumner soon after his first appearance
+in the United States Senate as the successor of Daniel
+Webster, who had become Secretary of State. He was a
+man of striking appearance and bore himself with the dignity
+so characteristic of the statesmen of that period.
+"Sumner is one of them literary fellows," was the facetious
+criticism of the Hon. Zachariah Chandler of Michigan,
+who a few years later became one of his colleagues in
+the Senate, and who in earlier life was accumulating a
+large fortune while Mr. Sumner, in his Massachusetts
+home, was engaged in those intellectual and scholarly pursuits
+which eventually made him one of the ripest and
+most accomplished students in the land. Chandler, however,
+in his own way, furnished a conspicuous example to
+aspiring youths of the day, both by his earlier and subsequent
+life, of what may be accomplished by determined
+application.</p>
+
+<p>For a decade or more preceding the Civil War the political
+sentiment of Washington, especially in reference to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>
+the violent anti-slavery agitation then engrossing the
+thought of the country, was decidedly in sympathy with
+the attitude of the South. It is not, therefore, surprising
+that Sumner, whose radical views were known from
+Maine to Texas, should have been received at first in
+Washington society with but little cordiality. As the
+years passed along, he was rapidly forging himself ahead
+to the leadership of his party in the Senate and, of course,
+became strongly inimical to Buchanan's administration.
+He was regarded with confidence and esteem by his own
+party, and, although naturally both disliked and feared by
+his political opponents, it could be truthfully said of him
+that he was</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A man that fortune's buffets and rewards<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hast ta'en with equal thanks,<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>and that no attempts to socially ostracize or to deride
+him for his political views and his intense application to
+his sense of duty deterred the great Massachusetts statesman
+from pursuing the "even tenor of his way."</p>
+
+<p>An anecdote went the rounds of the Capital to the effect
+that, one morning when a gentleman called to see
+Sumner at his rooms on Pennsylvania Avenue, a colored
+attendant answered the door and after glancing at his
+card informed him that it would be impossible to disturb
+his master, as he was rehearsing before a looking-glass a
+speech which he expected to deliver the following morning.
+Whether this was originally told by a friend or foe of Mr.
+Sumner is not known. Mr. Sumner once requested me
+to take him to see a young Washington belle who combined
+Parisian grace with Kentucky dash. I refer to Miss Sally
+Strother, an acknowledged beauty of decidedly Southern
+views, who lived on Seventh Street near F Street, now a
+commercial center. Mr. Sumner and I walked to her
+house from my home on G Street and found several
+guests in her drawing-room, where the topic of conversa<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span>tion,
+in the course of the evening, drifted to the subject of
+spiritualism. It was announced that at a recent <i>s&eacute;ance</i>
+the spirit of Washington had appeared and uttered the
+usual platitudes, whereupon Miss Strother, without a moment's
+hesitation, remarked: "I wonder what General
+Washington would say about Mr. Sumner?" Someone
+undertook to define Washington's views, but Miss Strother
+interrupted and said: "I know just what he would say&mdash;that
+he was a very intelligent, a very handsome, but a
+very bad man." This remark was naturally productive
+of much mirth, but failed to arouse any manifestation of
+feeling or disapprobation on the part of Mr. Sumner.
+Later, as we were walking homeward he remarked: "I
+have <i>l'esprit d'escalier</i> and my retorts do not come until
+I am well-nigh down the flight of stairs." Sally Strother
+went abroad, where she married Baron Fahnenberg of
+Belgium, and shared a fate similar to that of many of her
+country-women, as she was finally separated from her husband.
+She cherished, however, a pride of title and bequeathed
+$60,000 to erect in Spa, Belgium, a handsome
+chapel as well as a vault to contain the remains of her
+mother, brother and herself. Her Kentucky relatives, however,
+including the family of Mrs. Basil Duke, succeeded in
+breaking the will on the ground that her mother's will,
+through which she had inherited her property, did not
+permit it to leave the family. The chapel and vault, accordingly,
+were not built, and all her property reverted to
+her relatives.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to his commanding presence, nature bestowed
+upon Mr. Sumner a clear and melodious voice, which rendered
+it quite unnecessary for him to resort to Demosthenic
+methods of cultivation. For many years his inspiring
+words could be heard upon the floor of the Senate
+in all of the leading debates of the day, and his masterly
+orations will go down to posterity as an important contribution
+to the history of many national administrations.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I well remember Preston S. Brooks's cowardly assault
+upon Charles Sumner in the Senate Chamber in the spring
+of 1856. Public indignation ran very high, and his political
+opponents referred to him thereafter as "Bully Brooks."
+Socially, as well as politically, he was popular. He possessed
+a gentle and pleasing bearing and it would have
+been difficult for anyone to associate him with such a cruel
+outrage. His uncle, Andrew P. Butler, who was in the
+U.S. Senate from South Carolina at the same time, was
+a fine-looking and venerable gentleman, but he was one of
+the class then designated as "fire-eaters."</p>
+
+<p>There existed between Mr. Sumner and Henry W.
+Longfellow a strong friendship which was contracted in
+early life. I have often heard the Massachusetts statesman
+recite some of his friend's poetical lines, which
+seemed to me additionally beautiful when rendered in
+his deep and sonorous voice. In the latter years of his
+life he resided in the house which is now the Arlington
+Hotel Annex, where he surrounded himself with his remarkable
+collection of books and articles of <i>virtu</i> which
+he exhibited with pride to his guests. I especially recall
+an old clock presented to him by Henry Sanford, Minister
+to Belgium, as an artistic work of exceptional beauty.
+Mr. Sumner, by the way, was an accomplished connoisseur
+in art. I have heard him strongly denounce Clark
+Mills's equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson, now
+standing in the center of Lafayette Square. He told me
+that on one occasion he was conducting a party of Englishmen
+through the streets of the National Capital and,
+as they were driving along Pennsylvania Avenue, he
+seated himself in such a position as to entirely obstruct
+the view of what he called this "grotesque statue," calling
+the attention of his guests, meanwhile, to the White
+House on the other side of the street.</p>
+
+<p>I felt honored in calling Charles Sumner my friend,
+and I take especial pleasure in repeating the encomium<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span>
+that "to the wisdom of the statesman and the learning
+of the scholar he joined the consecration of a patriot, the
+honor of a knight and the sincerity of a Christian."
+George Sumner, his brother, did not appear in the land
+of his birth as a celebrity, but he had a remarkable career
+abroad. He hobnobbed with royalty throughout the European
+continent and was highly regarded for his profound
+learning. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg
+and Berlin and traveled extensively through Europe,
+Asia and Africa. He never tarried long in his "native
+heath," and furnished conspicuous evidence that "a
+prophet is not without honor save in his own country."
+Alexander von Humboldt praised the accuracy of his researches
+and Alexis de Tocqueville referred to him as being
+better acquainted with European politics than any
+European with whom he was acquainted.</p>
+
+<p>While Sumner was in the Senate, George T. Davis of
+Greenfield, Massachusetts, was a member of the House of
+Representatives. I knew him very well and he was a
+constant visitor at our home. He was celebrated for his
+flashes of wit, which sometimes stimulated undeveloped
+powers in others, and I have often seen dull perceptions
+considerably sharpened at his approach. Oliver Wendell
+Holmes speaks of his witty sayings in the "Autocrat of
+the Breakfast Table," and his conversational powers were
+so brilliant that they won the admiration of Thackeray.
+Robert Rantoul, also from Massachusetts, and a colleague
+of Davis, was a "Webster Whig" and a powerful exponent
+of the "Free-Soil" faith. Davis, who was so
+bright and clever in the drawing-room, could not, however,
+compete with Rantoul on the floor of the House in
+parliamentary debate. The epitaph on Rantoul's monument
+says that "He died at his post in Congress, and his
+last words were a protest in the name of Democracy
+against the Fugitive-Slave Law." One of the verses of
+Whittier's poem, entitled "Rantoul," reads as follows:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Through him we hoped to speak the word<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Which wins the freedom of a land;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lift, for human right, the sword<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Which dropped from Hampden's dying hand.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I first met the eccentric Count Adam Gurowski at the
+convivial tea table of Miss Emily Harper in Newport,
+upon one of those balmy summer evenings so indelibly
+impressed upon my memory. He was, perhaps, in many
+respects, one of the most remarkable characters that Washington
+has ever known. He was a son of Count Ladislas
+Gurowski, an ardent admirer of Kosciusko, and was active
+in revolutionary projects in Poland in consequence of
+which he was condemned to death by the Russian authorities.
+He managed, however, to escape and in 1835 published
+a work entitled "La Verit&eacute; sur la Russie," in which
+he advocated a union of the various branches of the
+Slavic race. This book was so favorably regarded in
+Russia that its author was recalled and employed in the
+civil service. He came to this country in 1849, and, after
+being employed on the staff of <i>The New York Tribune</i>,
+came to Washington, where his linguistic attainments and
+the aid of Charles Sumner secured for him a position as
+translator in the State Department, which he held from
+1861 to 1863.</p>
+
+<p>The Count was a medley of strange whims and idiosyncrasies
+that almost baffle description. Together with his
+strong individuality, he possessed a trait which made
+many enemies and ultimately proved his undoing. I refer
+to his uncontrollable desire to contradict and to antagonize.
+It was simply impossible to find a subject upon
+which he and anyone else could agree. There were, however,
+extenuating circumstances. "Chill penury," forced
+upon him by the state of his financial affairs, had much to
+do with his cynical and acrimonious spirit. Prosperity
+is certainly conducive to an amiable bearing, and I believe
+that Gurowski would have been more conciliatory<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span>
+if adversity had not so persistently attended his pathway.
+It is highly probable, too, that Gurowski would have retained
+his position under the government indefinitely but
+for his unfortunate disposition. He wrote a diary from
+1861 to 1863 which he was so indiscreet as to keep in his
+desk in the State Department; and, unknown at first to
+him, some of its pages were brought to the attention of
+certain officials of the government. They contained anything
+but complimentary references to his chief, William
+H. Seward, Secretary of State, and he was discharged.
+Meanwhile he had antagonized his benefactor, Mr. Sumner,
+by opposing, in a caustic manner, his views in reference
+to the conduct of the Civil War, and by other similar
+indiscretions was making new enemies almost every
+day.</p>
+
+<p>The intense bitterness and intemperance of Gurowski
+in the expression of his views is well illustrated in a conversation
+quoted by one of his friends in <i>The Atlantic
+Monthly</i> more than forty years ago. It had reference to
+a period preceding the Civil War when the "Fugitive-Slave
+Law" was engrossing the attention of the country.
+"What do I care for Mr. Webster," he said. "I can read
+the Constitution as well as Mr. Webster." "But surely,
+Count, you would not presume to dispute Mr. Webster's
+opinion on a question of constitutional law?" "And why
+not? I tell you I can read the Constitution as well as
+Mr. Webster, and I say that the 'Fugitive-Slave Law' is
+unconstitutional&mdash;is an outrage, and an imposition of
+which you will all soon be ashamed. It is a disgrace to
+your humanity and to your republicanism, and Mr.
+Webster should be hung for advocating it. He
+is a humbug or an ass&mdash;an ass, if he believes such
+an infamous law to be constitutional, and if he
+does not believe it, he is a humbug and a scoundrel for
+advocating it."</p>
+
+<p>The Count's sarcastic reference to Secretary Seward is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>
+equally amusing. It seems that one of his duties, while
+in the State Department, was to keep a close watch upon
+the European newspapers for matters of interest to our
+government, and also to furnish the Secretary of State,
+when requested, with opinions on diplomatic questions,
+or, as Gurowski expressed it, "to read the German newspapers
+and keep Seward from making a fool of himself."
+The first duty, he said, was easy enough, but the latter
+was rather difficult!</p>
+
+<p>In 1854 Gurowski published his book, "Russia as it is,"
+which was soon followed by another work entitled, "America
+and Europe." Both of them met with a favorable
+reception, but, after losing his government position, it became
+a difficult matter for him to eke out a maintenance,
+and his disposition, if possible, became still more embittered.
+At an evening party I took part by chance in an
+animated discussion upon the subject of dueling. Suddenly
+my eye lighted upon Count Gurowski, who had just
+entered the room. Calling him to my side I asked him
+in facetious tones how many men he had killed. He
+quickly responded, "Wonly (only) two!"</p>
+
+<p>Count Gurowski's fund of knowledge was in many ways
+highly remarkable, especially upon his favorite theme of
+royalty and nobility, past and present. He was intensely
+disliked by the Diplomatic Corps in Washington, many
+of whose members regarded him as a Russian spy, a suspicion
+which, of course, was without the slightest foundation.
+Baron Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff, the Danish
+Minister, once refused to enter a box at the opera where
+I was seated because Gurowski was one of the party.
+The Count seemed to be in touch with sources of information
+relating to diplomats and their affairs which were
+unknown to others&mdash;a fact which naturally aroused dislike
+and jealousy. He once announced to me, for example,
+that the <i>attach&eacute;s</i> of the French Legation were in a
+state of great good humor, as their salaries had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span>
+raised that day. I once heard a member of a foreign legation
+say to another: "Gurowski is an emanation of the
+Devil." "The Devil, you say," was the response, "why,
+he is the Devil himself." In discussing with a foreigner
+the Count's exile by the Russian government, I said that
+I knew of relatives of his in high position in Russia.
+Evidently controlled by his prejudices, he replied: "It
+must be a family of contrasts, as his position in this country
+is certainly a low one." If he intended to convey the
+impression that the Count was "low" in his pocket, his
+statement was certainly correct, but not otherwise. It is
+true that his unhappy disposition made him more enemies
+than friends, but he was by no means devoid of admirable
+traits, even if he so frequently preferred to conceal them.
+The finer side of his nature and his pleasing qualities
+only were presented to my sister, Mrs. Eames, who always
+welcomed him to her house. One day when he
+called the condition of his health seemed so precarious
+that she insisted upon his becoming her guest. He accepted
+the invitation, but did not long survive, and in the
+spring of 1866 his turbulent spirit passed away while
+under my sister's roof. Much respect was paid to his
+memory and the most distinguished men and women in
+Washington attended his funeral. He is buried in the
+Congressional Cemetery, where a crested tablet surmounts
+his grave. Little was generally known of his immediate
+family relations, but Robert Carter, one of his most intimate
+friends and the author of the article in <i>The Atlantic
+Monthly</i>, already referred to, states that he was a
+widower and had a son in the Russian Navy and a married
+daughter in Switzerland.</p>
+
+<p>Early in life his brother, Count Ignatius Gurowski,
+met the Infanta Isabella de Bourbon, sister of the Prince
+Consort of Spain, while she was receiving her education
+at the <i>Sacre Coeur</i> in Paris, and eloped with her. They
+were pensioned by the Spanish government for a while<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span>
+under Queen Isabella's reign and made their home in
+Brussels. I have heard, however, that when Isabella was
+forced from the throne the pension ceased and their circumstances
+became quite reduced. It is said that the
+Prince Consort, Ignatius Gurowski's brother-in-law, suggested
+to him soon after his marriage that it might be
+well for him to be created a Duke of the realm. This
+friendly offer was declined with indignation. "I would
+prefer," said Gurowski, "being an old Count to a new
+Duke!"</p>
+
+<p>Sometime ago I saw the statement in a newspaper to
+the effect that descendants of Ignatius Gurowski were
+living in the United States. This suggests, although remotely,
+the inquiry heard many years ago: "Have we a
+Bourbon among us?"&mdash;referring, of course, to the last
+Dauphin, whom many believed to exist in the person of
+the Rev. Eleazer Williams, who resided in St. Lawrence
+County, New York. The Rev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks
+had such an abiding faith that Williams was actually
+the Dauphin that he wrote an article in 1853 for
+<i>Putnam's Magazine</i> expressive of his views. If the newspaper
+story and Dr. Hawks's claims be true, this country
+has accordingly been the retreat of more than one member
+of the ill-fated Bourbon family. Several years ago I was
+surprised to hear it stated that the father of Kuroki, the
+famous Japanese General, was a brother of Adam and Ignatius
+Gurowski. This information, I am informed, came
+from a nephew of General Kuroki who was receiving his
+education in Europe. "My uncle Kuroki," he is said to
+have written, "is of Polish origin. His father was a
+Polish nobleman by the name of Kourowski, who fled
+from Russia after the Revolution of 1831. He finally
+went to Japan and married a Japanese. As the name
+of Kourowski is difficult to pronounce in Japanese, my
+uncle pronounced it Kuroki. The General's father, upon
+his death bed said to him that perhaps some day he would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>
+be able to take vengeance upon the Russians for their
+cruel treatment of unhappy Poland."</p>
+
+<p>One of the most notable men of my acquaintance in
+Washington was Caleb Cushing. I first met him when
+he was Attorney-General in President Pierce's Cabinet,
+and the friendship formed at that time lasted for many
+years. He was among the guests at my wedding, and
+Miss Emily Harper, whom he accompanied, told me that
+he especially commented upon that portion of the service
+which reads, "those whom God hath joined together, let
+no man put asunder." His remarks evidently appealed
+to her as an ardent Roman Catholic. Ralph Waldo Emerson
+declared Mr. Cushing to be the most eminent scholar
+of the country, and Wendell Phillips went still further
+and said: "I regard Mr. Cushing as the most learned man
+living." His habit was one of constant acquirement.
+He was what I should call "a Northern man with Southern
+principles," an expression which originated in 1835,
+and was first applied to Martin Van Buren. I have
+heard Cushing defend slavery with great eloquence and
+although, like him, I was born and bred in the North, I
+regarded that institution, in some respects, as far less iniquitous
+than the infamous opium trade which so enriched
+British and American merchants, and of which I saw so
+much during my life in China.</p>
+
+<p>It must have been from his Pilgrim forefather that Mr.
+Cushing inherited a decided antipathy for Great Britain,
+and it was once said that he carried this prejudice so far
+that he refused to visit England. This statement, however,
+is untrue, as I have before me an amusing article,
+written many years ago by his private secretary, during
+his mission to Spain, which contradicts it. He gives
+some amusing incidents connected with his visit of a few
+days in London when he and Mr. Cushing were <i>en route</i>
+to Spain. "Mr. Cushing's headwear," he writes, "was a
+silk hat which must have been the fashion of about the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>
+time he discarded umbrellas. It was slightly pointed at
+the top and there was, so to say, no back or front to it
+and there was no band for it. As I knew he intended
+paying several visits, I asked him if he would not exchange
+his hat, which at the time was thoroughly soaked,
+for a new and lighter one. The old man took off his ancient
+hat, examined it critically and then said slowly and
+deliberately, as if delivering an opinion on the bench,
+'No, sir, I think that I shall wait and see what the fashions
+are in Madrid.' It was said with much earnestness,
+as if it had been a state question. A third person would
+have found it irresistibly funny, but there was nothing
+laughable in it to General Cushing. In fact, his sense of
+humor was of a very grim order." He also writes:
+"The old man was an inveterate smoker, and yet, during
+the whole period of my intercourse with him, I did not see
+him light a score of fresh cigars. He bought them, that
+is certain, but he must have been averse to lighting them
+in public for he almost invariably had a stump between
+his lips. Ask him if he would have a cigar and the answer
+would be, 'Thank you, sir, I think I have one,' and
+out would come a dilapidated case, from which he
+would shake from one to half a dozen butts as the
+supply ran."</p>
+
+<p>While Cushing was Attorney-General under President
+Pierce, he formed a friendship with Madame Calderon
+de la Barca, of whom I have already spoken, who, upon
+his arrival in Madrid, was one of the first persons to greet
+him. She was then a widow and occupied a high social
+position at the Spanish court. Cushing and she thoroughly
+enjoyed the renewal of their earlier friendship in
+Washington, and the last visit he made in Madrid was
+when he bade her a final farewell. In 1843, and prior to
+his mission to Spain, Mr. Cushing was appointed by President
+Tyler Minister to China, where his able diplomacy
+has been the subject of recognition and admiration to this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>
+day. He carried with him the following remarkable letter
+which he was charged by the President to deliver in
+person to the Emperor. It may have been&mdash;who knows?&mdash;the
+first lesson in occidental geography submitted to the
+"Brother of the Sun and the Sister of the Moon and
+Stars." Had the President of the United States been
+called upon to address a country Sunday School, he could
+hardly have exhibited a more conscious effort to adapt
+himself to the level of his hearers. This is the letter:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I, John Tyler, President of the United States of America&mdash;which
+states are Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
+Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York,
+New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
+North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky,
+Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi,
+Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas and Michigan&mdash;send
+this letter of peace and friendship, signed by my
+own hand.</p>
+
+<p>I hope your health is good. China is a great empire,
+extending over a great part of the world. The Chinese
+are numerous. You have millions and millions of subjects.
+The twenty-six United States are as large as China,
+though our people are not so numerous. The rising sun
+looks upon the great mountains and great rivers of China.
+When he sets he looks upon mountains and rivers equally
+large in the United States. Our territories extend from
+one great ocean to the other; and on the west we are divided
+only from your domain by the sea. Leaving the
+mouth of one of our great rivers and going constantly
+towards the setting sun we sail to Japan and the Yellow
+Sea.</p>
+
+<p>Now, my words are that the governments of two such
+great countries should be at peace. It is proper and according
+to the will of heaven that they should respect each
+other and act wisely. I therefore send to your Court
+Caleb Cushing one of the wise and learned men of this
+country. On his first arrival in China he will inquire for
+your health. He has strict orders to go to your great city<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span>
+of Pekin and there to deliver this letter. He will have
+with him secretaries and interpreters.</p>
+
+<p>The Chinese love to trade with our people and sell them
+tea and silk for which our people pay silver and sometimes
+other articles. But if the Chinese and Americans
+will trade there should be rules so that they shall not
+break your laws or our laws. Our minister, Caleb Cushing,
+is authorized to make a treaty to regulate trade. Let
+it be just. Let there be no unfair advantage on either
+side. Let the people trade not only at Canton, but also
+at Amoy, Ningpo, Shanghai, Fushan and all such other
+places as may offer profitable exchanges both to China and
+the United States, provided they do not break your laws
+or our laws. We shall not take the part of the evil doers.
+We shall not uphold them that break your laws. Therefore
+we doubt that you will be pleased that our messenger
+of peace, with this letter in hand, shall come to Pekin and
+there deliver it, and that your great officers will, by your
+order, make a treaty with him to regulate the affairs of
+trade, so that nothing may happen to disturb the peace
+between China and America. Let the treaty be signed by
+your own imperial hand. It shall be signed by mine, by
+the authority of the great council, the Senate.</p>
+
+<p>And so may your health be good and may peace reign.</p>
+
+<p>Written at Washington this twelfth day of July, in the
+year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Your good friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'>
+<span class="smcap">John Tyler</span>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;President.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Mr. Cushing accordingly negotiated our first treaty
+with China on the 3d of July of the following year, and
+his ability at that time, as well as thereafter, won for him,
+irrespective of party affiliations, an enviable place in the
+history of American diplomacy. He was sent upon his
+mission to Spain in 1874 by the party which he had opposed
+from its first organization, and his diplomatic erudition
+was indispensable to the State Department during
+the Grant administration.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Certain events in the career of Mr. Cushing serve to
+recall the days of Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Pierce, whose
+lives were clouded by a grief that saddened the whole of
+their subsequent career. A short time before Pierce's inauguration,
+the President-elect with Mrs. Pierce and their
+only son, a lad of immature years, were on their way to
+Andover in Massachusetts, when the child was accidentally
+killed. Mrs. Pierce never could be diverted from her
+all-absorbing sorrow, and I shall always remember the
+grief-stricken expression of this first Lady of the Land.
+Her maiden name was Jane Means Appleton, and she was
+the daughter of the Rev. Dr. Jesse Appleton, President of
+Bowdoin College. During the Pierce administration,
+Judge John Cadwalader, the father of the present John
+Cadwalader of Philadelphia, was a member of Congress.
+The son was then a mere lad, but he bore such a strong
+resemblance to the President's son that one day when Mrs.
+Pierce met him she was completely overcome. After this
+boy had become a man and had attained exceptional
+eminence at the bar, he feelingly alluded to this touching
+incident of his earlier days.</p>
+
+<p>I was very intimately acquainted with Elizabeth and
+Fanny MacNeil, President Pierce's nieces, who were occasional
+visitors at the White House. They were daughters
+of General John MacNeil, U.S.A., who had acquitted himself
+with distinction in the War of 1812. Elizabeth married,
+as before stated, General Henry W. Benham of the
+Engineer Corps of the Army, and Fanny became the wife
+of Colonel Chandler E. Potter, U.S.A. Dr. Thomas
+Miller was our family physician for many years. He came
+to Washington from Loudoun County, Virginia, and married
+Miss Virginia Collins Jones, daughter of Walter
+Jones, an eminent lawyer. During the Pierce administration
+he was physician to the President's family.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XI</h2>
+
+<h3>MARRIAGE AND CONTINUED LIFE IN WASHINGTON</h3>
+
+
+<p>I met my future father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+Sr., for the first time in Cold Spring, New York.
+Mr. Gouverneur, accompanied by his second wife,
+then a bride, who was Miss Mary Digges Lee, of Needwood,
+Frederick County, Maryland, and a granddaughter
+of Thomas Sim Lee, second Governor of the same state,
+was the guest of Gouverneur Kemble. When I first knew
+Mr. Gouverneur he possessed every gift that fortune as
+well as nature can bestow. To quote the words of Eliab
+Kingman, a lifelong friend of his and who for many years
+was the Nestor of the Washington press, "he even possessed
+a seductive voice." General Scott, prior to my
+marriage into the family, remarked to me that there "was
+something in Mr. Gouverneur lacking of greatness."</p>
+
+<p>The history of my husband's family is so well known
+that it seems almost superfluous to dwell upon it, but, as
+these reminiscences are purely personal, I may at least
+incidentally refer to it. Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., was
+the youngest child of Nicholas Gouverneur and his wife,
+Hester Kortright, a daughter of Lawrence Kortright, a
+prominent merchant of New York and at one time president
+of its Chamber of Commerce. He was graduated
+from Columbia College in New York in the class of 1817,
+and married his first cousin, Maria Hester Monroe, the
+younger daughter of James Monroe. This wedding took
+place in the East Room of the White House. My husband,
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr., was the youngest child<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span>
+of this alliance. <i>The National Intelligencer</i> of March 11,
+1820, contained the following brief marriage notice:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Married</i></p>
+
+<p>On Thursday evening last [March 9th], in this City, by
+the Reverend Mr. [William] Hawley, Samuel Laurence
+Gouverneur, Esq., of New York, to Miss Maria Hester
+Monroe, youngest daughter of James Monroe, President of
+the United States.</p></div>
+
+<p>For a number of years Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., was
+private secretary to his father-in-law, President Monroe.
+In 1825 he was a member of the New York Legislature,
+and from 1828 to 1836 Postmaster of the City of New
+York. For many years, like the gentlemen of his day and
+class, he was much interested in racehorses and at one time
+owned the famous horse, <i>Post Boy</i>. He was also deeply
+interested in the drama and it was partially through his
+efforts that many brilliant stars were brought to this country
+to perform at the Bowery Theater in New York, of
+which he was a partial owner. Among its other owners
+were Prosper M. Wetmore, the well-known author and regent
+of the University of the State of New York, and
+General James A. Hamilton, son of Alexander Hamilton
+and acting Secretary of State in 1829, under Jackson.
+Mr. Gouverneur was a man of decidedly social tastes and
+at one period of his life owned and occupied the De Menou
+buildings on H Street in Washington, where, during the
+life of his first wife, he gave some brilliant entertainments.
+It was from this house that his son, and my future husband,
+went to the Mexican War. Many years subsequent to my
+marriage I heard Rear Admiral John J. Almy, U.S.N.,
+describe some of the entertainments given by the Gouverneur
+family, and he usually wound up his reminiscences
+by informing me that sixteen baskets of champagne
+were frequently consumed by the guests during a single
+evening. My old friend, Emily Mason, loved to refer to
+these parties and told me that she made her <i>d&eacute;but</i> at one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>
+of them. The house was well adapted for entertainments,
+as there were four spacious drawing-rooms, two on each
+side of a long hall, one side being reserved for dancing.</p>
+
+<p>At the time of the Gouverneur-Monroe wedding the
+bride was but sixteen years of age, and many years younger
+than her only sister, Eliza, who was the wife of Judge
+George Hay of Virginia, the United States District-Attorney
+of that State, and the prosecuting officer at the trial
+of Aaron Burr. Mrs. Hay was educated in Paris at
+Madame Campan's celebrated school, where she was the
+associate and friend of Hortense de Beauharnais, subsequently
+the Queen of Holland and the mother of Napoleon
+III. The Rev. Dr. William Hawley, who performed
+the marriage ceremony of Miss Monroe and Mr. Gouverneur,
+was the rector of old St. John's Church in Washington.
+He was a gentleman of the old school and always
+wore knee breeches and shoe buckles. In the War of 1812
+he commanded a company of divinity students in New
+York, enlisted for the protection of the city. It is said
+that when ordered to the frontier he refused to go and
+resigned his commission, and I have heard that Commodore
+Stephen Decatur refused to attend St. John's Church
+during his rectorship, because he said he did not care to
+listen to a man who refused to obey orders.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 316px;"><a name="img7" id="img7"></a>
+<a href="images/img07.jpg"><img src="images/img07th.jpg" width="316" height="400" alt="Mrs. James Monroe, n&eacute;e Kortright, by Benjamin West.
+Original portrait owned by Mrs. Gouverneur." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Mrs. James Monroe, n&eacute;e Kortright, by Benjamin West.<br /></span>
+<span class='caption2'><i>Original portrait owned by Mrs. Gouverneur.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Only the relatives and personal friends attended the
+Gouverneur-Monroe wedding at the White House; even
+the members of the Cabinet were not invited. The gallant
+General Thomas S. Jesup, one of the heroes of the
+War of 1812 and Subsistance Commissary General of the
+Army, acted as groomsman to Mr. Gouverneur. Two of
+his daughters, Mrs. James Blair and Mrs. Augustus S.
+Nicholson, still reside at the National Capital and are
+prominent "old Washingtonians." After this quiet wedding,
+Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur left Washington upon a bridal
+tour and about a week later returned to the White
+House, where, at a reception, Mrs. Monroe gave up her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>
+place as hostess to mingle with her guests, while Mrs. Gouverneur
+received in her place. Commodore and Mrs. Stephen
+Decatur, who lived on Lafayette Square, gave the
+bride her first ball, and two mornings later, on the twenty-second
+of March, 1820, Decatur fought his fatal duel with
+Commodore James Barron and was brought home a corpse.
+"The bridal festivities," wrote Mrs. William Winston
+Seaton, wife of the editor of <i>The National Intelligencer</i>,
+"have received a check which will prevent any further
+attentions to the President's family, in the murder of
+Decatur." The invitations already sent out for an entertainment
+in honor of the bride and groom by Commodore
+David Porter, father of the late Admiral David D. Porter,
+U.S.N., were immediately countermanded.</p>
+
+<p>I never had the pleasure of knowing my mother-in-law,
+Mrs. Maria Hester Monroe Gouverneur, as she died some
+years before my marriage, but I learned to revere her
+through her son, whose tender regard for her was one of
+the absorbing affections of his life and changed the whole
+direction of his career. At an early age he was appointed
+a Lieutenant in the regular Army and served with distinction
+through the Mexican War in the Fourth Artillery.
+On one occasion subsequent to that conflict, while his
+mother was suffering from a protracted illness, he applied
+to the War Department for leave of absence in order that
+he might visit her sick bed; and when it was not granted
+he resigned his commission and thus sacrificed an enviable
+position to his sense of filial duty. Many years later,
+after my husband's decease, in looking over his papers
+I found these lines written by him just after his mother's
+death:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"A man through life has but <i>one</i> true friend and that
+friend generally leaves him early. Man enters the lists
+of life but ere he has fought his way far that friend falls
+by his side; he never finds another so fond, so true, so
+faithful to the last&mdash;<i>His Mother</i>!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Gouverneur was somewhat literary in her tastes
+and, like many others of her time, regarded it as an accomplishment
+to express herself in verse on sentimental
+occasions. One of my daughters, whom she never saw,
+owns the original manuscript of the following lines written
+as a tribute of friendship to the daughter of President
+John Tyler, at the time of her marriage:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>TO MISS TYLER ON HER WEDDING DAY.</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The day, the happy day, has come<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">That gives you to your lover's arms;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Check not the tear or rising bloom<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">That springs from all those strange alarms.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">To be a blest and happy wife<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Is what all women wish to prove;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And may you know through all your life<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">The dear delights of wedded love.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'Tis not strange that you should feel<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Confused in every thought and feeling;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your bosom heave, the tear should steal<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">At thoughts of all the friends you're leaving.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Happy girl may your life prove,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">All sunshine, joy and purest pleasure;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One long, long day of happy love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Your husband's joy, his greatest treasure.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Be to him all that woman ought,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">In joy and health and every sorrow;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let his true pleasures be only sought<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With you to-day, with you to-morrow.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Believe not that in palace walls<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">'Tis only there that joy you'll find;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At home with friends in your own halls<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">There's more content and peace of mind.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">More splendor you may find 'tis true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And glitter, show, and elevation,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But if the world of you speak true,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">You prize not wealth or this high station.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Your heart's too pure, your mind too high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">To prize such empty pomp and state;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You leave such scenes without a sigh<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">To court the joys that on you wait.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>After meeting Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur, my future
+husband's father and his second wife, at Cold Spring, I
+renewed my acquaintance with them in Washington,
+where they were living in an old-fashioned house on New
+York Avenue, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets.
+We often welcomed Mrs. Gouverneur as a guest at our
+Washington home and I was subsequently invited to visit
+her at their country seat, Needwood, Frederick County,
+Maryland, located upon a tract of land chiefly composed
+of large farms at one time owned exclusively by the Lee
+family. I quote Mrs. Gouverneur's graceful letter of invitation:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>My dear Miss Campbell,</p>
+
+<p>I can not refrain from writing to remind you of your
+promise to us; this must be about the time fixed upon, (at
+least we all feel as if it was), and the season is so delightful,
+not to mention the strawberries which will be in great
+perfection this week&mdash;these reasons, together with our
+great desire to see you, determined me to give you warning
+that we are surely expecting you, and hope to hear
+very soon from you to say when we may send to the <i>Knoxville</i>
+depot for you. I would be so much gratified if Mrs.
+Eames would come with you; it would give us all the sincerest
+pleasure, and I do not think that such a journey
+would be injurious. You leave Washington to come here
+on the early (6 o'clock) train, get out at the Relay House,
+and wait until the western cars pass, (about 8 o'clock),
+get into them, and reach Knoxville at 12 o'clock. So you
+see that altogether you have only six hours, and you rest
+more than half an hour at the Relay House. From Knoxville
+our carriage brings you to "Needwood" in less than
+an hour. If there is any gentleman you would like to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span>
+come as an escort Mr. G. and myself will be most happy
+to see him. Dr. Jones, you know, does intend to travel
+about a little and said he would come to see us; perhaps
+he will come with you, or Mr. Hibbard I should be most
+happy to see&mdash;anyone in short whom you choose to bring
+will be most welcome. Tell Mr. Hibbard I read his speech
+and admired it as I presume everyone does. Good-bye,
+dear Miss Campbell. I hope you will aid me in persuading
+Mrs. Eames to come with you. My warmest regards
+to Mrs. Campbell and your sisters, in which my sister
+[Mrs. Eugene H. Lynch] and Mr. Gouverneur unite.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Believe me, yours most truly,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. D. Gouverneur</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Needwood, May 22nd, 1854.</p></div>
+
+<p>I accepted the invitation and, while I was Mrs. Gouverneur's
+guest, my sister Margaret was visiting one of the
+adjoining places at the home of Colonel John Lee, whose
+wife's maiden name was Harriet Carroll. She was a
+granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and their
+home was the former residence of another ancestor, Governor
+Thomas Sim Lee of Maryland. During my visit
+at Needwood I renewed the acquaintance of my future
+husband, which I had formed a number of years before at
+the wedding of Miss Fanny Monroe and Douglas Robinson,
+of which I have previously spoken. It is unnecessary
+to refer to his appearance, which I have already described,
+but I am sure it is not unnatural for me to add
+that a year after the conclusion of the Mexican War he was
+brevetted for gallantry and meritorious conduct in the
+battles of Contreras and Churubusco. While his general
+bearing spoke well for his military training, his mind was
+a storehouse of information which I learned to appreciate
+more and more as the years rolled by. But of all his fine
+characteristics I valued and revered him most for his fine
+sense of honor and sterling integrity. Like his mother,
+Mr. Gouverneur was literary in his tastes and occasionally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span>
+gave vent to his feelings in verse. In 1852 Oak Hill, the
+stately old Monroe place in Virginia where he had spent
+much of his early life, was about to pass out of the family.
+He was naturally much distressed over the sale of
+the home so intimately associated with his childhood's
+memory, and a few days prior to his final departure wrote
+the following lines. In after years nothing could ever
+induce him to visit Oak Hill.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>FAREWELL TO OAK HILL, 1852, ON DEPARTING THENCE.</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The autumn rains are falling fast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Earth, the heavens are overcast;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The rushing winds mournful sigh,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whispering, alas! good-bye;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To each fond remembrance farewell and forever,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The mighty oaks beneath whose shade<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In boyhood's happier hours I've played,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bend to the mountain blast's wild sweep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Scattering spray they seem to weep;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To each moss-grown tree farewell and forever,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The little mound now wild o'ergrown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On the bosom of which my tears have oft flown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where my mother beside her mother lies sleeping,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O'er them the rank grass, bright dew drops are weeping;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To that hallowed spot farewell and forever,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh, home of my boyhood, why must I depart?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tears I am shedding and wild throbs my heart;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Home of my manhood, oh! would I had died<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lain me to rest by my dead mother's side,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ere my tongue could have uttered farewell and forever,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Gouverneur's pathetic allusion to the graves of his
+mother and grandmother affords me an opportunity of
+saying that in 1903 the Legislature of Virginia appropri<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>ated
+a sum of money sufficient to remove the remains of
+Mrs. Monroe and her daughter, Mrs. Gouverneur, from
+Oak Hill. They now rest in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond,
+Virginia, on opposite sides of the grave of James
+Monroe.</p>
+
+<p>The friendship of Mr. Gouverneur and myself ripened
+into a deep affection, and the winter following my visit
+to Needwood we announced our engagement. I was
+warmly welcomed into the Gouverneur family, as will appear
+from the following letter:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I can not longer defer, my dear Marian, expressing the
+great gratification I experienced when Sam informed me
+of his happiness in having gained your heart. It is most
+agreeable to me that you of all the women I know should
+be the object of his choice. How little I anticipated such
+a result from the short visit you made us last summer.
+Sam is in an Elysium of bliss. I have lately had a charming
+letter from him, of course all about his lady love. I
+think you too have every reason to anticipate a life of
+happiness, not more marred than we must all look for in
+this world. Sam is very warm-hearted and affectionate
+and possesses a fine mind, as you know, and when he marries,
+you will have nothing to wish for. These are his
+own sentiments and I assure you I entirely agree with
+him.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gouverneur is greatly gratified and both wrote and
+told me how nobly you expressed yourself to him.</p>
+
+<p>I am going to Baltimore to-day to meet Mr. G. and perhaps
+may go to Washington. If I do you will see me
+soon after I arrive there. I feel as if I should like so
+much to talk to my future daughter. I take the warmest
+interest in everything concerning Sam's happiness, and
+my heart is now overflowing with thankfulness to you for
+having contributed so much to it.</p>
+
+<p>Please remember me in the kindest manner to your
+mother, whose warm hospitality I have not forgotten, and
+to the girls. My sincere congratulations to Margaret who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span>
+Mary [Lee] writes me is as happy as the day is long.
+Ellen desires me to present her congratulations to you and
+Margaret.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Believe me, very sincerely yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. D. Gouverneur</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Needwood, Feb. 14th.</p></div>
+
+<p>I was married in Washington in the old G Street house,
+and the occasion was made especially festive by the presence
+of many friends from out of town. We were married
+by the Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, rector of St. John's
+Episcopal Church, and I recall his nervous state of mind,
+owing to the fact that he had forgotten to inquire whether
+a marriage license had been procured; but when he was
+assured that everything was in due form he was quite
+himself again. Among those who came from New York
+to attend the wedding were General Scott; my father's
+old friend and associate, Hugh Maxwell; his daughter,
+now the wife of Rear Admiral John H. Upshur,
+U.S.N.; and Miss Sally Strother and her mother. Miss
+Emily Harper and Mrs. Solomon B. Davies, who was Miss
+Bettie Monroe, my husband's relative, came from Baltimore
+and, of course, Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur and Miss
+Mary Lee from Needwood were also present.</p>
+
+<p>My own family circle was small, as my sister, Mrs.
+Eames, and her young children were in Venezuela, where
+her husband was the U.S. Minister; but I was married in
+the presence of my mother, my two younger sisters, Margaret
+and Charlotte, and my brothers, James and Malcolm.
+Mr. Gouverneur's only sister, Elizabeth, who some
+years before had married Dr. Henry Lee Heiskell, Assistant
+Surgeon General of the Army, accompanied by her
+husband and son, the late James Monroe Heiskell, of Baltimore,
+a handsome and promising youth, were also there.
+Among the other guests were Charles Sumner, Caleb Cushing
+and Stephen A. Douglas, none of whom at that time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span>
+were married; Peter Grayson Washington, then Assistant
+Secretary of the Treasury, and a relative of my husband;
+Miss Katharine Maria Wright, who shortly thereafter
+married Baron J. C. Gevers, <i>Charg&eacute; d'affaires</i> from Holland;
+her brother, Edward Wright, of Newark; John G.
+Floyd of Long Island; James Guthrie, Secretary of the
+Treasury, and his two daughters; William L. Marcy, Secretary
+of State, and his wife; their daughter, Miss Cornelia
+Marcy, subsequently Mrs. Edmund Pendleton; Baron
+von Grabow and Alexandre Gau of the Prussian Legation,
+the latter of whom married my sister, Margaret, the
+following year; Mr. and Mrs. William T. Carroll; Lieutenant
+(subsequently Rear Admiral) James S. Palmer
+of the Navy; Jerome E. Kidder of Boston, and General
+William J. Hardee, U.S.A.</p>
+
+<p>A few days before my marriage I received the following
+letter from Edward Everett:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, 23 Feb.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Miss Campbell,</p>
+
+<p>I had much pleasure in receiving this morning Mrs.
+Campbell's invitation and your kind note of the 20th. I
+am greatly indebted to you for remembering me on an
+occasion of so much interest and importance, and I beg
+to offer you my sincere congratulations.</p>
+
+<p>Greatly would it rejoice me to be able to avail myself
+of your invitation to be present at your nuptials.</p>
+
+<p>But the state of my health and of my family makes
+this impossible. But I shall certainly be with you in
+spirit, and with cordial wishes for your happiness.</p>
+
+<p>Praying my kindest remembrance to your mother and
+sisters, I remain,</p>
+
+<p class='indent2'>my dear Miss Campbell,</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Sincerely your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Edward Everett</span>.</p>
+
+<p>P.S. I suppose you saw in the papers a day or two
+ago that poor Miss Russell is gone.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Miss Russell referred to by Mr. Everett was Miss<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span>
+Ida Russell, one of three handsome and brilliant sisters
+prominent in Boston in the society of the day.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after my marriage my husband and I made a
+round of visits to his numerous family connections. It
+is with more than usual pleasure that I recall the beautiful
+old home of Mr. Gouverneur's aunt, Mrs. Thomas Cadwalader,
+near Trenton, which a few years later was destroyed
+by fire. A guest of the Cadwaladers at the same
+time with ourselves was my husband's first cousin, the
+Rev. Robert Livingston Tillotson of New York, who studied
+for the Episcopal ministry and subsequently entered
+the Roman Catholic priesthood.</p>
+
+<p>From Trenton, we journeyed to Yonkers, New York, to
+visit the Van Cortlandt family at the historic manor-house
+in that vicinity. It was then owned and occupied by Mr.
+Gouverneur's relatives, Dr. Edward N. Bibby and his son,
+Augustus, the latter of whom had recently changed his
+name from Bibby to Van Cortlandt, as a consideration for
+the inheritance of this fine old estate. Dr. Bibby married
+Miss Augusta White of the Van Cortlandt descent, and
+for many years was a prominent physician in New York
+City. When I visited the family, he had retired from
+active practice and was enjoying a serene old age surrounded
+by his children and grandchildren. Henry Warburton
+Bibby, the Doctor's second son, was also one of
+this household at the time of our visit. He never married
+but retained his social tastes until his death a few
+years ago.</p>
+
+<p>In the drawing-room of the Van Cortlandt home stood
+a superb pair of brass andirons in the form of lions, which
+had been presented to Mrs. Augustus Van Cortlandt by
+my husband's mother as a bridal present. They had been
+brought by James Monroe upon his return from France,
+where he had been sent upon his historic diplomatic mission
+by Washington. The style of life led by the Van
+Cortlandt family was fascinating to me as, even at this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span>
+late date, they clung to many of the old family customs
+inherited from their ancestors. Our next visit was to the
+cottage of William Kemble in Cold Spring, and it seemed
+to me like returning to an old and familiar haunt. My
+marriage into the Gouverneur family added another link
+in the chain of friendship attaching me to the members
+of the Kemble family, as they were relatives of my husband.
+I was entertained while there by the whole family
+connection, and I recall with especial pleasure the dinner
+parties at Gouverneur Kemble's and at Mrs. Robert P.
+Parrott's. Martin Van Buren was visiting "Uncle Gouv"
+at the time, and I was highly gratified to meet him again,
+as his presence not only revived memories of childhood's
+days during my father's lifetime in New York, but also
+materially assisted in rendering the entertainments given
+in my honor at Cold Spring unusually delightful. From
+Cold Spring we drove to The Grange, near Garrison's, another
+homestead familiar to me in former days, and the
+residence of Frederick Philipse, where I renewed my acquaintance
+with old friends who now greeted me as a relative.
+At this beautiful home I saw a pair of andirons
+even handsomer than those at the Van Cortlandt mansion.
+They were at least two feet high and represented trumpeters.
+The historic house was replete with ancestral furniture
+and fine old portraits, one of which was attributed to
+Vandyke.</p>
+
+<p>The whole Philipse and Gouverneur connection at Garrison's
+were devoted Episcopalians and were largely instrumental
+in building a fine church at Garrison's, which
+they named St. Philips. In more recent years a congregation
+of prominent families has worshiped in this edifice&mdash;among
+others, the Fishes, Ardens, Livingstons, Osborns
+and Sloanes. For many years the beloved rector
+of this church was the Rev. Dr. Charles F. Hoffman, a
+gentleman of great wealth and much scholarly ability.
+He and his brother, the late Rev. Dr. Eugene A. Hoffman,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span>
+Dean of the General Theological Seminary in New York,
+devoted their lives and fortunes to the cause of religion.
+Residents of New York are familiar with All Angels
+Church, built by the late Rev. Dr. Charles F. Hoffman
+on West End Avenue, of which he was rector for a number
+of years. During his life at Garrison's, both Dr. and
+Mrs. Hoffman were very acceptable to my husband's relatives,
+especially as the Doctor was connected with the family
+by right of descent from a Gouverneur forbear.
+Charles F. Hoffman married Miss Eleanor Louisa Vail, a
+daughter of David M. Vail of New Brunswick, New Jersey,
+who in every way proved herself an able helpmeet to him.
+Mrs. Hoffman was educated at Miss Hannah Hoyt's
+school in New Brunswick, a fashionable institution of the
+day, and at a reunion of the scholars held in recent years,
+she was mentioned in the following appropriate manner:
+"Nearly half a century ago, in the well-known Miss Hoyt's
+school, was Eleanor Louisa Vail who was noted for her
+good lessons and considerate ways towards all. She never
+overlooked those who were less fortunate than herself, but
+gave aid to any who needed it, either in their lessons or
+in a more substantial form. In the wider circle of New
+York the benevolent Mrs. Hoffman, the wife of the late
+generous rector of All Angels Church, but fulfilled the
+promise made by the beautiful girl of former days." Mr.
+and Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman's daughter, Mrs. J. Van
+Vechten Olcott, is as beloved in her generation as her
+mother was before her.</p>
+
+<p>Samuel Mongan Warburton Gouverneur, a younger
+brother of Frederick Philipse, was living at The Grange
+at the time of my visit. Some years later he built a handsome
+house in the neighborhood which he called "Eagle's
+Rest," and resided there with his sister, Miss Mary Marston
+Gouverneur. After his death, the place was sold to the
+late Louis Fitzgerald, who made it his home.</p>
+
+<p>After six months spent in the mountainous regions of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span>
+Maryland, not far from Cumberland, on property owned
+by my husband's family, Mr. Gouverneur and I returned
+to Washington and began our married life in my mother's
+home. Soon after we had settled down, my eldest daughter
+was born. The death of my sister, Mrs. Alexandre
+Gau, from typhoid fever soon followed. It was naturally
+a terrible shock to us all and especially to me, as we were
+near of an age and our lives had been side by side from
+infancy. My mother, in her great affliction, broke up her
+home and Mr. Gouverneur and I rented a house on
+Twelfth Street, near N Street, a locality then regarded as
+quite suburban. Here I endeavored to live in the closest
+retirement, as the meeting with friends of former days
+only served to bring my sorrow more keenly before me.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile my whole life was devoted to the little girl
+whom we had named Maud Campbell, and who, of course,
+had become "part and parcel" of my quiet life. Mr.
+Gouverneur was the last surviving member of his family
+in the male line, and the whole family connection was looking
+to me to perpetuate his name. Soon after the birth
+of my daughter my husband received the following characteristic
+letter from Mr. Gouverneur's aunt, Mrs. David
+Johnstone Verplanck, who before her marriage was Louisa
+A. Gouverneur, a gifted woman whose home was in New
+York:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Thursday</span>, April 10th.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Sam,</p>
+
+<p>In return for your kind recollections I hasten to offer
+my most sincere congratulations to yourself and Mrs. G.
+As husband and father you have now realized all the romance
+of life, the pleasures of which I have little doubt
+you already begin to feel deeply intermingled with many
+anxious hours. It is wisest and best to enjoy all that good
+fortune sends and fortify ourselves to meet and endure
+the trials to which our Destiny has allotted.</p>
+
+<p>Tell Mrs. G. that we must send for the girdle the old
+woman sent the Empress Eug&eacute;nie. She had a succession<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span>
+of seven sons, and requested her to wear it for luck. As
+it was very dirty the royal lady sent it back. It might be
+procured and undergo the purifying influence of water.
+All I can say at present to console your disappointment
+I hope a son will soon consummate all your joys and
+wishes. You know it rests with you to keep the name of
+Gouverneur in the land of the living. It is nearly extinct
+and you its only salvation.</p>
+
+<p>I regret to hear your father is unwell at Barnum's
+[Hotel, Baltimore]. I hope he will soon be with us. I
+long to see him.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Believe me always your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Louisa Verplanck</span>.</p></div>
+
+<p>I also append a letter received by Mr. Gouverneur from
+Mrs. William Kemble (Margaret Chatham Seth), which
+recalled many tender associations.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">New York</span> 11th April.</p>
+
+<p>I need not tell you, my dear friend, how much we were
+all gratified by your kind remembrance of us, in the midst
+of your own anxiety and joy, to give us the first news of
+our dear Marian's safety. Give my very best love to her
+and a kiss to Miss Gouverneur with whom I hope to be
+better acquainted hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Nourse with our dear little Charlie left
+us yesterday for Washington. You will probably see them
+before you receive this. I feel assured that Marian is
+blessed in being with her mother who has every experience
+necessary for her. Therefore it is idle for me to give my
+advice but I must say, keep her quiet, not to be too smart
+or anxious to show her baby&mdash;at first&mdash;and she will be
+better able to do it afterwards. May God bless you all
+three and that this dear pledge committed to your charge
+be to you both every comfort and joy that your anxious
+hearts can wish. Please to give my best regards and
+wishes to Mrs. Campbell and her daughter from</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>your sincerely attached friend and cousin,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. C. Kemble</span>.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the corner of Fourteenth and P Streets, and not far
+from our home, was the residence of Eliab Kingman, an
+intimate friend of Mr. Gouverneur's father. This locality,
+now such a business center, was decidedly rural, and
+Mr. Kingman's quaint and old-fashioned house was in the
+middle of a small farm. It was an oddly constructed
+dwelling and the interior was made unusually attractive
+by its wealth of curios, among which was a large collection
+of Indian relics. After his death I attended an
+auction held in the old home and I remember that these
+curiosities were purchased by Ben Perley Poore, the well-known
+journalist. Although many years his senior, my
+husband found Mr. Kingman and his home a source of
+great pleasure to him, and he formed an attachment for
+his father's early friend which lasted through life. The
+Kingman house was the rendezvous of both literary and
+political circles. William H. Seward was one of its frequent
+visitors and I once heard him wittily remark that it
+might appropriately be worshiped, as it resembled nothing
+"that is in the Heaven above, or in the earth beneath,
+or the water under the earth." For a number of years
+Mr. Kingman was a correspondent of <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>
+under the <i>nom de plume</i> of "Ion." His communications
+were entirely confined to political topics and he was such
+a skilled diplomatist that the adherents of either party,
+after perusing them, might easily recognize him as their
+own advocate. Thomas Seaton Donoho, of whom I shall
+speak presently, was a warm friend of Mr. Kingman and
+the constant recipient of his hospitality. Among his
+poems is a graceful sonnet entitled</p>
+
+
+<p class='indent4'>E. KINGMAN.</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ever will I remember with delight<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Strawberry Knoll; not for the berries red,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">As, ere my time, the vines were out of bed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And gone; but many a day and many a night<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Have given me argument to love it well,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>
+<span class="i1">Whether in Summer, 'neath its perfumed shade,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Whether by moonlight's magic wand arrayed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or when in Winter's lap the rose leaves fell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For pleasant faces ever there were found,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">For genial welcome ever met me there,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And thou, my friend, when thought went smiling round,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Madest her calm look, reflecting thine, more fair.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those who have known thee as a Statesman, know<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy noon-day: I have felt thy great heart's sunset glow!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Kingman married Miss Cordelia Ewell of Virginia,
+a relative of General Richard S. Ewell of the Confederate
+Army. She was in some respects a remarkable
+character, a "dyed-in-the-wool" Southerner and a woman
+of unusual personal charm and ability. In dress, manner
+and general appearance she presented a fitting reminder
+of the <i>grande dame</i> of long ago. Her style of dress reminded
+one of the Quaker school. Her gray gown with
+a white kerchief crossed neatly upon her breast and her
+gray hair with puffs clustered around her ears, together
+with her quaint manner of courtesying as she greeted her
+guests, suggested the familiar setting of an old-fashioned
+picture. She was an accomplished performer upon the
+harp as well as an authority upon old English literature.
+In all the years I knew her I never heard of her leaving
+her house. She had no children and her constant companion
+was a venerable parrot.</p>
+
+<p>John Savage, familiarly known as "Jack" Savage, was
+an intimate friend of the Kingmans and also a frequent
+guest of ours. He was an Irish patriot of 1848 and was
+remarkable for his versatility. He had a fine voice, and I
+remember seeing him on one occasion hold his audience
+spell-bound while singing "The Temptation of St. Anthony."
+He was an accomplished journalist and the
+author of several books, one of which, "The Modern Revolutionary
+History and Literature of Ireland," has been
+pronounced the best work extant "on the last great revolutionary
+era of the Irish race."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After the Civil War I often met at Mr. Kingman's
+house General Benjamin F. Butler, whose withering gift
+of sarcasm is still remembered. Simon Cameron, Lincoln's
+first Secretary of War, was also a frequent visitor there.
+He was an unusually genial and cordial gentleman, and
+some years later Mr. Kingman and my husband, upon his
+urgent invitation, visited him at his handsome country
+place, Lochiel, in Pennsylvania. His fine graperies made
+such a vivid impression upon my husband that his description
+of them almost enabled me to see the luscious
+fruit itself before me.</p>
+
+<p>My old friends, Purser Horatio Bridge, U.S.N., and
+his wife, lived on the corner of K and Fourteenth Streets
+at a hotel then known as the Rugby House. Mrs. Bridge
+was a sister of the famous beauty, Miss Emily Marshall,
+who married Harrison Gray Otis of Boston. Mr. Bridge,
+while on the active list, had been stationed for a time in
+Washington and, finding the life congenial and attractive,
+returned here after his retirement and with his wife made
+his home at the Rugby House. While there the hotel was
+offered for sale and was bought by Mr. Bridge, who enlarged
+it and changed its name to The Hamilton, in compliment
+to Mrs. Hamilton Holly, an intimate friend of
+Mrs. Bridge and the daughter of Alexander Hamilton.
+Mrs. Holly, my old and cherished friend, lived in a picturesque
+cottage on I Street, on the site of the present
+Russian embassy, where so many years later the wife and
+daughter of Benjamin F. Tracy, Harrison's Secretary of
+the Navy, lost their lives in a fire that destroyed the house.
+Among the attractions of this home was a remarkable collection
+of Hamilton relics which subsequent to Mrs. Holly's
+death was sold at public auction. The sale, however, did
+not attract any particular attention, as the craze for antiques
+had not yet developed and the souvenir fiend was
+then unknown.</p>
+
+<p>It was while I was living on Twelfth Street that I first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span>
+met Miss Margaret Edes, so well known in after years to
+Washingtonians. She was visiting her relatives, the Donoho
+family, which lived in my immediate vicinity. Her
+host's father was connected with <i>The National Intelligencer</i>,
+and the son, Thomas Seaton Donoho, was named
+after William Winston Seaton, one of its editors. Thomas
+Seaton Donoho was a truly interesting character. He was
+decidedly romantic in his ideas and many incidents of his
+life were curiously associated with the ivy vine. He
+planted a sprig of it in front of his three-story house,
+which was built very much upon the plan of every other
+dwelling in the neighborhood, and called his abode "Ivy
+Hall"; while his property in the vicinity of Washington
+he named "Ivy City," a locality so well known to-day by
+the same name to the sporting fraternity. His book of
+poems, published in Washington in 1860, is entitled "Ivy-wall";
+and, to cap the climax, when a girl was born into
+the Donoho family she was baptized in mid-ocean as "Atlantic
+May Ivy." In addition to his poems, he published,
+in 1850, a drama in three acts, entitled, "Goldsmith of Padua,"
+and two years later "Oliver Cromwell," a tragedy
+in five acts.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after my marriage, Mr. Gouverneur acted as one
+of the pallbearers at the funeral of his early friend, Gales
+Seaton, the son of William Winston Seaton, and a most
+accomplished man of affairs. In those days honorary pallbearers
+were unknown and the coffin was borne to the
+grave by those with whom the deceased had been most intimately
+associated. The Seatons owned a family vault,
+and the body was carried down into it by Mr. Seaton's old
+friends. After the funeral I heard Mr. Gouverneur speak
+of observing a coffin which held the remains of Mrs. Francis
+Schroeder, who was Miss Caroline Seaton, and whose
+husband, the father of Rear Admiral Seaton Schroeder,
+U.S.N., was at one time U.S. Minister to Sweden and
+Norway. Seaton Munroe, a nephew of Gales Seaton, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span>
+prominent in Washington society. He never married and
+many persons regarded him as the Ward McAllister of the
+Capital. When Colonel Sanford C. Kellogg, U.S.A., then
+military <i>attach&eacute;</i> of the U.S. Embassy in Paris, heard of
+Munroe's death, he wrote to a mutual friend: "I do not
+believe the man lives who has done more for the happiness
+and welfare of others than Seaton Munroe." He was one
+of the prominent founders of the Metropolitan Club,
+which commenced its career in the old Morris house on the
+corner of Vermont Avenue and H Street; and later, when
+it moved to the Graham residence on the corner of Fifteenth
+and H Streets, he continued to be one of its most
+popular and influential members.</p>
+
+<p>In April, 1858, occurred the famous Gwin ball, so readily
+recalled by old Washingtonians. It was a fancy-dress
+affair, and it was the intention of Senator and Mrs. William
+McKendree Gwin of California that it should be the
+most brilliant of its kind that the National Capital had
+ever known. Of course Mr. Gouverneur and I did not attend,
+owing to my deep mourning, but I shall always remember
+the pleasure and amusement we derived in dressing
+Mr. Kingman for the occasion. We decked him out
+in the old court dress which Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather,
+James Monroe, wore during his diplomatic mission
+in France. As luck would have it the suit fitted him perfectly,
+and the next day it was quite as gratifying to us
+as to Mr. Kingman to hear that the costume attracted
+marked attention.</p>
+
+<p>The ball was rightly adjudged a brilliant success.
+Among the guests was President Buchanan, though not,
+of course, in fancy dress. Senator Gwin represented
+Louis Quatorze; Ben Perley Poore, "Major Jack Downing";
+Lord Napier, George Hammond&mdash;the first British
+Minister to the United States; Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas,
+Aurora; Mrs. Jefferson Davis, Madame de Sta&euml;l; and so
+on down the list. It is probable that the wife of Senator<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span>
+Clement C. Clay, of Alabama, who represented Mrs.
+Partington, attracted more attention and afforded more
+amusement than any other guest. Washington had fairly
+teemed with her brilliant repartee and other bright sayings,
+and upon this occasion she was, if possible, more than
+ever in her element. She had a witty encounter with the
+President and a familiar home-thrust for all whom she
+encountered. Many of the public characters present,
+when lashed by her sparkling humor, were either unable
+or unwilling to respond. She was accompanied by "Ike,"
+Mrs. Partington's son, impersonated by a clever youth of
+ten years, son of John M. Sandidge of Louisiana. Mr.
+John Von Sonntag Haviland, formerly of the U.S. Army,
+wrote a metrical description of this ball, and in referring
+to Mrs. Clay, thus expresses himself:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Mark how the grace that gilds an honored name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gives a strange zest to that loquacious dame<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose ready tongue and easy blundering wit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Provoke fresh uproar at each happy hit!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Note how her humour into strange grimace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tempts the smooth meekness of yon Quaker's face.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But&mdash;denser grows the crowd round Partington;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Twere vain to try to name them one by one.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Haviland added this to the above:&mdash;"Mrs. Senator
+Clay, with knitting in hand, snuff-box in pocket, and
+'Ike, the Inevitable,' by her side, acted out her difficult
+character so as to win the unanimous verdict that her personation
+of the loquacious <i>mal-aprops</i> dame was the leading
+feature of the evening's entertainment. Go where she
+would through the spacious halls, a crowd of eager listeners
+followed her footsteps, drinking in her instant repartees,
+which were really superior in wit and appositeness,
+and, indeed, in the vein of the famous dame's <i>caco&euml;thes</i>,
+even to the original contribution of Shillaber to the nonsensical
+literature of the day."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One of the guests at this ball was the wife of the late
+Major General William H. Emery, U.S.A., whose maiden
+name was Matilda Bache. She was arrayed for the evening
+in the garb of a Quakeress, and it is to her that Mr.
+Haviland alludes in his reference to the "smooth meekness
+of yon Quaker's face."</p>
+
+<p>At the commencement of the Civil War, Senator Gwin
+was arrested on a charge of disloyalty and imprisoned until
+1863. He then went to Paris, where he became interested
+in a scheme for the colonization by Southerners of
+the State of Sonora in Mexico, in consequence of which
+he was sometimes facetiously called the "Duke of Sonora."
+While thus engaged, he was invited to meet the Emperor,
+Napoleon III., in private audience, and succeeded in enlisting
+his sympathies. It is said that, upon the request
+of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he formulated a plan
+for the colony which, after receiving the Emperor's approval,
+was submitted to Maximilian. The latter was then
+in Paris and requested Mr. Gwin's attendance at the
+Tuileries where, after diligent inquiry, the scheme received
+the approbation of Maximilian. Two weeks after
+the departure of the latter for Mexico, Mr. Gwin left for
+the same country, carrying with him an autograph letter
+of Napoleon III. to Marshal Bazaine. The scheme, however,
+received no encouragement from the latter, and Maximilian
+failed to give him any satisfactory assurances of
+his support. Returning to France in 1865, he secured an
+audience with the Emperor, to whom he exposed the condition
+of affairs in Mexico. Napoleon urged him to return
+to that country immediately with a peremptory order
+to Marshal Bazaine to supply a military force adequate to
+accomplish the project. This request was complied with
+but Mr. Gwin, after meeting with no success, demanded
+an escort to accompany him out of the country. This was
+promptly furnished, and he returned to his home in California.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It seems fitting in this connection to speak of a brilliant
+ball in Washington in 1824. Although, of course, I
+do not remember it, I have heard of it all my life and have
+gathered here and there certain facts of interest concerning
+it, some of which are not easily accessible. I refer
+to the ball given by Mrs. John Quincy Adams, whose husband
+was then Secretary of State under Monroe. Mrs.
+Adams' maiden name was Louisa Catharine Johnson and
+she was a daughter of Joshua Johnson, who served as
+our first United States Consul at London, and a niece of
+Thomas Johnson of Maryland. She gave receptions in
+Washington on Tuesday evenings which were attended
+by many of the most distinguished men and women
+of the day. This period, in fact, is generally regarded
+as, perhaps, the most brilliant era in Washington society.
+A generous hospitality was dispensed by such men
+as Madison, Monroe, Adams, Calhoun, Wirt, Rush, Southard,
+General Winfield Scott and General Alexander
+Macomb. The British <i>Charg&eacute; d'affaires</i> at this time was
+Henry Unwin Addington. The Russian Minister was the
+Baron de Tuyll; while France, Spain and Portugal were
+represented by gentlemen of distinguished manners and
+rare accomplishments. The illustrious John Marshall was
+Chief Justice, with Joseph Story, Bushrod Washington,
+Smith Thompson and other eminent jurists by his side.
+In Congress were such men as Henry Clay, William Gaston,
+Rufus King, Daniel Webster, Andrew Jackson,
+Thomas H. Benton, William Jones Lowndes, John Jordan
+Crittenden and Harrison Gray Otis; while the Navy was
+represented by Stephen Decatur, David Porter, John
+Rodgers, Lewis Warrington, Charles Stewart, Charles
+Morris and others, some of whom made their permanent
+home at the Capital.</p>
+
+<p>The ball given by the Secretary of State and Mrs.
+Adams was in honor of General Andrew Jackson, and
+was not only an expression of the pleasant personal re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span>lations
+existing between John Quincy Adams and Jackson
+only shortly before the former defeated the latter
+for the Presidency, but also a pleasing picture of Washington
+society at that time. General Jackson was naturally
+the hero of the occasion, and there was a throng of
+guests not only from Washington but also from Baltimore,
+Richmond and other cities. A current newspaper
+of the day published a metrical description of the event,
+written by John T. Agg:</p>
+
+
+<p class='indent4'>MRS. ADAMS' BALL.</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Brown and fair and wise and witty,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Eyes that float in seas of light,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Laughing mouths and dimples pretty,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams';<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There the mist of the future, the gloom of the past,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">All melt into light at the warm glance of pleasure,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And the only regret is lest melting too fast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Mammas should move off in the midst of a measure.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Sixty gray, and giddy twenty,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Flirts that court and prudes that slight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">State coquettes and spinsters plenty;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mrs. Sullivan is there<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With all the charm that nature lent her;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gay McKim with city air,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And winning Gales and Vandeventer;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Forsyth, with her group of graces;<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Both the Crowninshields in blue;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Pierces, with their heavenly faces,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And eyes like suns that dazzle through;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">East and West and South and North,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Form a constellation bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And pour a splendid brilliance forth.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">See the tide of fashion flowing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">'Tis the noon of beauty's reign,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Webster, Hamiltons are going,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Eastern Floyd and Southern Hayne;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Western Thomas, gayly smiling,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Borland, nature's prot&eacute;g&eacute;,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Young De Wolfe, all hearts beguiling,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Morgan, Benton, Brown and Lee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,'<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Where blue eyes are brightly glancing,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">While to measures of delight<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Fairy feet are deftly dancing;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where the young Euphrosyne<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Reigns the mistress of the scene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Chasing gloom, and courting glee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">With the merry tambourine;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Many a form of fairy birth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Many a Hebe, yet unwon,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wirt, a gem of purest worth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Lively, laughing Pleasanton;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vails and Tayloe will be there,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gay Monroe so debonair,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hellen, pleasure's harbinger,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ramsay, Cottringers and Kerr;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Juno in her court presides,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mirth and melody invite,<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">Fashion points, and pleasure guides;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Haste away then, seize the hour,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shun the thorn and pluck the flower.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Youth, in all its spring-time blooming,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Age the guise of youth assuming,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wit through all its circles gleaming,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glittering wealth and beauty beaming;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p>The "Mrs. Sullivan" referred to was Sarah Bowdoin
+Winthrop, the wife of George Sullivan of Boston, son of
+Governor James Sullivan of Massachusetts; while "Winning
+Gales" was the wife of Joseph Gales, editor of <i>The
+National Intelligencer</i>. "Forsyth" was the wife of Senator
+John Forsyth of Georgia, who subsequently served
+as Secretary of State during Jackson's administration;
+and "the Crowninshields in blue" were daughters of
+Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Secretary of the Navy under
+Madison and Monroe. "The Pierces, with their heavenly
+faces," were handsome Boston women who in after life
+became converts to the Roman Catholic faith and entered
+convents. The "Vails" were Eugene and Aaron Vail,
+who were prot&eacute;g&eacute;s of Senator William H. Crawford, of
+Georgia. They married sisters, daughters of Laurent
+Salles, a wealthy Frenchman living in New York. Aaron
+Vail accompanied Martin Van Buren to England as Secretary
+of Legation and for a season, after Van Buren's
+recall, acted as <i>Charg&eacute; d'affaires</i>. "Tayloe" was Benjamin
+Ogle Tayloe, the distinguished Washingtonian.
+"Ramsay" was General George Douglas Ramsay, the
+father of Rear Admiral Francis M. Ramsay, U.S.N.; and
+"Hellen" was Mrs. Adams's niece, who subsequently became
+her daughter-in-law through her marriage to her
+son, John Adams. President Monroe attended this ball
+and both he and John Quincy Adams were somewhat
+criticised for their plain attire, which was in such striking
+contrast with the elaborate costumes and decorations
+worn by the foreign guests.</p>
+
+<p>In his boyhood Mr. Gouverneur formed an intimacy
+with George H. Derby, better known in literary circles
+under the <i>nom de plume</i> of "John Phoenix." He is well
+remembered by students of American humor as a contemporary
+and rival of Artemus Ward. He was a member
+of a prominent Boston family, and of the class of 1846
+at West Point. He was a gallant soldier, having been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span>
+wounded during the Mexican War at Cerro Gordo, and
+was promoted for his bravery in that battle. Scarcely
+anyone was immune from his practical jokes, but, fortunately
+for his peace of mind, Mr. Gouverneur was acquainted
+with an incident of his life which, if known,
+would make him a butt of ridicule; and he accordingly
+felt perfectly safe in his companionship and well enjoyed
+his humorous exploits. One day Derby and Mr. Gouverneur
+were sauntering through the streets of Washington
+when the keen eye of the humorist was attracted by a sign
+over a store door which read, "Ladies' Depository"&mdash;the
+old-fashioned method of designating what would now be
+called a "Woman's Exchange." Turning to his companion,
+Derby remarked: "I have a little business to transact
+in this shop and I want you to go inside with me." They
+entered and were met by a smiling female to whom Derby
+remarked: "My wife will be here to-morrow morning. I
+am so pleased to have discovered this depository. I hope
+that you will take good care of her. Expect her at eleven.
+Good-morning."</p>
+
+<p>In the early '50's Adjutant General Roger Jones determined
+to adopt a new uniform for the U.S. Army, and
+Derby was thus afforded a conspicuous opportunity to exercise
+his wit. He was an excellent draughtsman and
+set to work and produced a design. He proposed changing
+the entire system of modern tactics by the aid of an
+iron hook to be attached to the seat of each soldier's
+trousers, this hook to be used by the three arms of the service&mdash;cavalry,
+infantry and artillery. He illustrated it by
+a series of well-executed designs, and quoted high medical
+authority to prove its advantages from a sanitary point
+of view. He argued that the heavy knapsack induced a
+stooping position and a contraction of the chest but, hung
+on a hook by a strap over the shoulders, it would brace
+the body and back and expand the chest. The cavalrymen
+were to be rendered more secure in their seats when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span>
+hooked to a ring in the saddle. All commissioned officers
+were to carry a light twenty-foot pole, with a ring attached
+to the end, to be used during an engagement in drawing
+stragglers back into the ranks. He made a drawing of a
+tremendous battle during which the Generals and Colonels
+were thus occupied, and in many other ways expatiated
+upon the value of the hook. When Jefferson Davis, the
+Secretary of War, saw Derby's designs and read his
+recommendations, he felt that his dignity was wounded
+and the service insulted, and he immediately issued an
+order that Derby be court-martialed. William L. Marcy,
+then Secretary of State, was told of the transaction and of
+the cloud hanging over Derby. He looked over the drawings
+and saw a regiment, their backs towards him and
+drawn up in line, with knapsacks, blankets and everything
+appertaining to camp life attached to each soldier by a
+hook. Marcy, who saw the humorous side at once, said to
+Davis: "It's no use to court-martial this man. The matter
+will be made public and the laugh will be upon us.
+Besides, a man who has the inventive genius that he has
+displayed, as well as the faculty of design, ill-directed
+though they be, is too valuable to the service to be trifled
+with." Derby therefore was not brought to grief, and in
+time Davis's anger was sufficiently mollified for him to
+enjoy the joke. I am enabled to state, through the
+courtesy of the present Assistant Secretary of War, that
+the drawings referred to are not now to be found in the
+files of the War Department; and a picture, which at the
+time was the source of untold amusement and of wide-spread
+notoriety, seems to be lost to the world.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 359px;"><a name="img8" id="img8"></a>
+<a href="images/img08.jpg"><img src="images/img08th.jpg" width="359" height="400" alt="Miniature of James Monroe, Painted in Paris in 1794, by Sem&eacute;.
+Original owned by Mrs. Gouverneur." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Miniature of James Monroe, Painted in Paris in 1794, by Sem&eacute;.</span><br />
+<span class='caption2'><i>Original owned by Mrs. Gouverneur.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>An incident connected with the Indian War of 1856-58,
+in Washington Territory, furnished another outlet for
+Derby's effective wit. A Catholic priest was taken prisoner
+by the savages at that time and led away into captivity,
+and in caricaturing the scene Derby represented
+an ecclesiastic in full canonicals walking between two stal<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span>wart
+and half-naked Indians, carrying a crook and crozier,
+with a tooth-brush attached to one and a comb to the
+other; while the letters "I. H. S." on the priest's chasuble
+were paraphrased into the words, "I hate Siwashes." It
+must not be thought, however, that Derby's life was wholly
+devoted to fun and frivolity, for he has been pronounced
+by an accomplished military writer and critic to have been
+"an able and accomplished engineer." He was the author
+of "The Squibob Papers" and of "Phoenixiana; or
+Sketches and Burlesques," either of which would worthily
+place him in the forefront of humorists in the history of
+American literature. I own a copy of the latter book
+which was given by the author to my husband. It seems
+strange, when one considers the character and career of
+this gifted man, that subsequent to his death nearly every
+member of his family should have met with a tragic end.</p>
+
+<p>Although not a practical joker, my husband found much
+in Derby that was congenial, as many of their tastes were
+similar. Both of them were devoted to literature and
+both were accomplished writers; but while Derby published
+his works and was rewarded with financial success,
+Mr. Gouverneur wrote chiefly for the newspaper press.
+He edited and published a work by James Monroe, entitled
+"The People the Sovereigns," but never sent to the
+press any works of his own production. I think that the
+lack of encouragement from me was the chief obstacle that
+deterred him from embarking upon a literary career. He
+commenced several novels but never finished them, and
+his chief literary remains are principally confined to the
+limits of his "commonplace-books."</p>
+
+<p>President Buchanan's niece, Harriet Lane, subsequently
+Mrs. Henry Elliott Johnston of Maryland, presided with
+grace and dignity over the White House during her uncle's
+administration. I first met Miss Lane before the period
+when Buchanan represented the United States at the
+Court of St. James. It was at a party given by Mrs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span>
+Hamilton Fish, whose husband was then a U.S. Senator
+from the State of New York. Her blond type of beauty
+made an indelible impression upon me, as she was very
+much the same style as the daughters of General Winfield
+Scott. Some years before her death, while she was living
+in Washington, I incidentally referred to this resemblance
+between the Scotts and herself and was not surprised
+to hear her say that others had spoken of it. To
+an exceptionally fine presence, she added unusual intelligence
+and brilliant power of repartee. I have often heard
+the story that at a social function at the White House an
+accomplished courtier was enlarging to Miss Lane upon
+her shapely hands&mdash;"hands," he ejaculated, "that might
+have swayed the rod of empire." Her retort came without
+a moment's hesitation, "or wake to ecstasy the living
+lyre." Emily Schomberg, who married Hughes Hallett
+of England, wrote some years ago a charming sketch of
+Harriet Lane Johnston which was published in Mrs. Elizabeth
+F. Ellet's book entitled, "The Court Circles of the
+Republic."</p>
+
+<p>Among the prominent belles of the Buchanan administration,
+and an intimate friend and companion of Harriet
+Lane, was Rebecca B. Black, daughter of the eminent jurist,
+Judge Jeremiah S. Black of Pennsylvania, Attorney-General
+and for a time Secretary of State under
+Buchanan. She was the widow of Isham Hornsby of
+Washington, where, in her beautiful home, she was surrounded
+by a charming circle and was much admired and
+beloved. Peter Grayson Washington, a son of Lund
+Washington, whom I have already mentioned in connection
+with my wedding, was a conspicuous figure at the
+National Capital during the Buchanan <i>r&eacute;gime</i>. During
+the Pierce administration he was Assistant Secretary of
+the Treasury under James Guthrie. He had an impressive
+bearing, and carried a gold-headed cane which he boasted
+had originally belonged to his distinguished relative, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span>
+first President. Although by birth a Virginian, Mr. Washington
+never wavered in his loyalty to the Union. During
+the latter part of the Civil War he made a visit to us
+in our Maryland home, and I shall always remember the
+expression of his opinion that many leaders of the Confederate
+cause were not true representatives of the South,
+citing as examples some members of Jefferson Davis's
+cabinet. He concluded his remarks with the facetious
+statement that "if they had only chosen a second Washington
+as a leader they might have been successful."
+Earlier residents of the District will recall Littleton
+Quinton Washington, a prolific writer chiefly upon political
+subjects, and a younger half-brother of Peter G.
+Washington.</p>
+
+<p>My old and valued friend, Mrs. Hamilton Holly, and
+Peter Grayson Washington were the Godparents of my
+eldest daughter. At the earnest request of the former,
+this ceremony took place in the house of Mrs. Alexander
+Hamilton, in the De Menou buildings. Mrs. Holly and I
+characterized the gathering as a revolutionary party, as
+so many of the guests bore names prominent during our
+struggle for independence. I never saw Mrs. Hamilton
+Holly again. Shortly after this pleasant function I sailed
+for China, and just before starting on my long voyage I
+received the following note, which saddened me more than
+I can well express:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Sep.</span> 9th.</p>
+
+<p>My dear friend,</p>
+
+<p>For many days I have been blessed by your very kind
+letter, but am too, too low to answer it. One day so weak
+as to be obliged with my hand to wave Mrs. Furguson
+away (another lady obtained admittance), lest in the effort
+to converse I might find another home. My hand and
+head are exhausted.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Most truly yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">E. H. Holly</span>.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XII</h2>
+
+<h3>SOJOURN IN CHINA AND RETURN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Prior to the Civil War, Mr. Gouverneur received an
+appointment from James Buchanan as U.S. Consul
+to Foo Chow in China, and I decided to accompany
+him upon his long journey. Meanwhile a second
+daughter had been added to our family, much to the disappointment
+of the large circle of relatives who were still
+anxiously expecting me to hand down the name of Gouverneur.
+We named her Ruth Monroe. We took passage
+upon the clipper ship <i>Indiaman</i>, a vessel of heavy
+tonnage sailing from New York and commanded by a
+"down-east" skipper named Smith. No railroads crossed
+the American continent in those days, and the voyage to
+the far East had to be made either around Cape Horn or
+by way of the Isthmus of Panama or around the Cape
+of Good Hope. We selected the latter route, leaving
+New York in October and arriving in Shanghai the following
+March. My preparations for such a protracted
+journey with two very young children were carefully and
+even elaborately planned but, to my dismay, some of the
+most important articles of food for the childrens' diet
+became unfit for use long before we reached our destination.
+As one may readily imagine, I was accordingly
+put to my wits' end for substitutes. We also provided
+ourselves with a goodly amount of literature, and more
+particularly books relating to China, among which were
+Father Evariste R&eacute;gis Huc's volume on "The Chinese
+Empire," and Professor S. Wells Williams's work on
+"The Middle Kingdom." We read these <i>en route</i> with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span>
+great interest but discovered after a few months' residence
+in the East that no book or pen we then knew
+conveyed an adequate idea of that remarkable country.</p>
+
+<p>We had a very favorable voyage, and sailing in the
+trade winds in the Southern hemisphere was to me the
+very acme of bliss. I was thoroughly in sympathy with
+the passage of Humboldt where he speaks of the tropical
+skies and vegetation in the following beautiful manner:&mdash;"He
+on whom the Southern Cross has never gleamed nor
+the Centaur frowned, above whom the clouds of Magellan
+have never circled, who has never stood within the shadow
+of great palms, nor clothed himself with the gloom of the
+primeval forests, does not know how the soul seems to
+have a new birth in the midst of these new and splendid
+surroundings. Nowhere but under the equatorial skies
+is it permitted to man to behold at once and in the same
+sweep of the eye all the stars of both the Northern and
+Southern heavens; and nowhere but at the tropics does
+nature combine to produce the various forms of vegetation
+that are parceled out separately to other climes."</p>
+
+<p>The patience of our captain was sorely tried by the
+lack of wind while passing through the Doldrums. This
+nautical locality, varying in breadth from sixty to several
+hundred miles and shifting in extreme limits at different
+seasons of the year, is near the equator and abounds in
+calms, squalls and light, baffling winds which sometimes
+prevent the progress of sailing vessels for weeks at a time.
+When we finally emerged from the Doldrums, we were
+compensated for the trying delay by greeting the trade
+winds so cherished by the hearts of mariners. We sailed
+many leagues south of the Cape of Good Hope and much
+too far away even to catch a glimpse of it, but we realized
+its proximity by the presence of the Cape pigeons which
+hovered around our vessel. The albatross was also our
+daily visitor and one or two of them were caught by the
+sailors, regardless of the superstition of possible calamity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span>
+attending such an act. Our only stop during the long
+voyage was at the Moluccas or Spice Islands, in the Malay
+Peninsula, and was made at the request of the passengers
+who were desirous of exploring the beauties of that tropical
+region. The waters surrounding these islands were
+as calm as a lake and all around our ship floated the d&eacute;bris
+of spices. The vegetation was more beautiful than
+I can describe and the shells which covered the shores
+were eagerly collected by the passengers.</p>
+
+<p>Our fellow voyagers were four missionaries, who on
+Sundays conducted divine service, and a Mr. Pemberton,
+a young Canadian who was <i>en voyage</i> to join the <i>Hong</i>
+of Purden and Company in Shanghai. In these early
+days it was the custom of parents of refractory or adventurous
+sons to place them on board sailing vessels for
+lengthy outings. Occasionally they were sent upon whaling
+voyages, where the hardships were greater and the
+voyage more prolonged. On the <i>Indiaman</i> there were several
+of these youths and it was quite pathetic as well as
+comical to see them ascend the rigging amid the jeers of
+a well-disciplined crew. One of them, whose father had
+occupied an official position in the City of New York, had
+been quite a society "swell" and claimed acquaintance
+with me. At times he was required by the captain to
+hold my younger child, a mere babe, in the arms. Every
+now and then we were startled by her shrieks and for
+quite a time we could not detect the cause until we finally
+discovered that his task was uncongenial and that, in
+order to get rid of his charge, the incorrigible youth had
+administered an occasional pinch.</p>
+
+<p>One Sunday afternoon while sailing in the Indian
+Ocean we had a narrow escape from shipwreck. Every
+sail was set to catch the least breath of air, and Mr. Gouverneur
+and the children were on deck with the captain,
+when in the distance they saw what seemed to resemble a
+huge wall. The moment the experienced eye of our skip<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span>per
+saw it he exclaimed, "My God, we are gone!" It
+slowly but surely approached our ship and when it reached
+us its force was so great that our sails almost dipped into
+the ocean. The ship, however, gradually righted itself
+and we were naturally more than grateful for our deliverance.
+I chanced to be resting in my cabin at the perilous
+moment and in a most unceremonious manner was
+thrown to the floor. After reaching the mouth of that
+stupendous river, the Yangtze Kiang, we thought our long
+voyage was nearly ended, but we soon discovered that we
+had not yet "crossed the Rubicon," and that trouble was
+still in store for us. We had just passed the mouth of this
+river and cast anchor when, to our surprise and dismay,
+we encountered a severe storm, and during the night
+dragged anchor for about twenty miles. The morning,
+however, dawned bright and clear, but our captain,
+who had lost his temper during the storm, did not accord
+the Chinese pilots who boarded us a very gracious reception.
+This was my first glimpse of the Chinese within
+the limits of their own domain.</p>
+
+<p>When we reached the city of Shanghai it was quite dark,
+but we found coolies awaiting us with chairs. I shall
+never forget my first impressions of China. All of my
+anticipations of the beautiful Orient were fully realized,
+and, as I was carried through the crowded streets, visions
+of the Arabian Nights enchanted me and it seemed to me
+a veritable region of delight. The streets of Shanghai,
+however, after the broad thoroughfares of Washington,
+appeared like small and complicated pathways. They
+were not lighted with public lamps at this time, but myriads
+of lanterns of every conceivable shape and color carried
+by wayfarers met the eye at every turn and made the
+whole scene appear like fairyland. But, alas, the following
+morning I was undeceived, for daylight revealed to
+my vision a very squalid and dirty city. We were carried
+to the largest hotel in Shanghai, where it seemed as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span>
+though I were almost receiving a home greeting when the
+sign over the door told me that it was the Astor House!
+Still another surprise awaited me. Although in a
+strange land, one of the first persons to welcome me was
+a former acquaintance, the wife of Mr. Robert Morrison
+Olyphant, the head of the prominent <i>Hong</i> of Olyphant
+and Company. Her maiden name was Anna O. Vernon
+and I had formerly known her quite well in New York
+and Newport.</p>
+
+<p>We did not linger long in Shanghai, but embraced the
+first opportunity to reach Foo Chow. It was a coast voyage
+of several days and was attended with much discomfort,
+as the choppy seas through which we sailed made all
+of us very ill&mdash;a remarkable experience, considering the
+fact that during the whole of our protracted voyage we
+had not suffered an uncomfortable moment. We reached
+Foo Chow, however, in due time, and Mr. Gouverneur at
+once assumed his official duties. Foo Chow is called by
+the natives <i>Hok Chiu</i>, or "Happy City." It is also what
+is termed a "Foo-City," signifying a place of the largest
+magnitude, and was the sole Chinese port where royalty
+was represented. It is situated upon the Min River,
+about twenty-five miles from its mouth, and is the capital
+of the Province of Fokien. The navigation of the river
+Min was regarded as dangerous, and the insurance rates
+for vessels navigating it were higher than those of any
+other Chinese port. The place is surrounded by castellated
+walls nine or ten miles in circumference, outside of
+which are suburbs as extensive as the city itself. Its
+walls are about thirty feet high and twelve wide at the
+top. Its seven gates are overlooked by high towers, while
+small guardhouses stand at frequent intervals along the
+walls.</p>
+
+<p>Upon our arrival in Foo Chow we found no house provided
+for the U.S. Consul, and immediately made our
+residence with a missionary family, where we were most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span>
+comfortable, until the <i>Hong</i> of Augustus Heard and Company
+provided us with a residence for which we paid
+rent. The English government took better care of its representative.
+Not far from us was the British Consulate,
+a fine building reminding one in certain respects of the
+White House. In another residence near by, and provided
+by his government, lived the British interpreter, a
+Scotchman named Milne. Walter H. Medhurst, the British
+Consul, and his interpreter were descendants of early
+English missionaries. We found Foo Chow to be a somewhat
+lawless city. Many of its inhabitants were mountaineers
+from the surrounding region who had become
+pretty well starved out and had found their way into the
+city. As a result of their early training, they gave the
+authorities much trouble.</p>
+
+<p>I was naturally much impressed by some of the novel
+and curious customs then prevalent. The seat of honor
+assigned a guest was on the left of the host. The uncovered
+head for a man was a mark of disrespect and a servant
+would accordingly be severely reprimanded if he appeared
+before his master with his hat off. Persons in
+mourning wore white, in striking contrast with the somber
+apparel used by ourselves. The shoe polish in vogue was
+a chalky white substance. From these and other examples
+it can readily be seen I was justified in feeling that I had
+been transferred to another planet and had left "dull
+earth behind me." When we reached Foo Chow, the
+gorgeous flowers and other vegetation were at their best.
+The month of April was a season set apart by the Chinese
+to decorate with flowers the graves of their ancestors;
+and coming from a land where such a ceremony was unknown,
+it impressed me as a beautiful custom. It suggests,
+moreover, the inquiry as to whether it was from the
+Chinese, or from an innate conviction of the beautiful
+sentiment demanding an outward expression, that induced
+the descendants of the Blue and the Gray, at a later pe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span>riod,
+to strew with flowers the last resting-places of those
+whose memories they delighted to honor.</p>
+
+<p>Next door to the U.S. Consulate lived a Parsee named
+Botelwalla, who was an English subject. He never uncovered
+his head, and his tarpaulin hat carried me back
+to the pictures in my geography while studying at Miss
+Forbes's school. He was extensively engaged in the
+opium trade, and had large quantities of it stored in his
+dwelling. One day he came to our home to make a social
+visit and, taking it for granted that he was a fire-worshiper,
+I inquired whether he came from Persia. He told
+me that twelve hundred years ago his family emigrated
+from that country to India, where their descendants had
+since resided. I recall an incident which convinced me
+at the time that he was not a consistent follower of his
+own religion. Mr. Gouverneur noticed smoke issuing one
+day from what he thought was a remote portion of the
+Botelwalla home, and immediately called out to the Parsee
+from an adjoining window that his house was on fire.
+Without a moment's hesitation, he got all of his family
+together, and for a while they worked most strenuously
+to subdue the flames and to save from destruction the
+hundred thousand dollars' worth of opium lodged in the
+Parsee's home. Somewhat later we were surprised to
+learn that it was our own kitchen which was on fire.
+Our ignorance was due to the fact that the walls of the
+two houses were so irregular and so oddly constructed
+that it was at first exceedingly difficult, upon a superficial
+view, to distinguish certain portions of our own home from
+those of our neighbor. The one feature, however, connected
+with the fire which impressed us most forcibly was the
+fact that Botelwalla, our neighbor and fire-worshiper, did
+not allow his religious scruples to interfere with the safety
+of his valuable personal possessions. My attention, as
+well as admiration, was frequently directed to a number
+of superb India cashmere shawls which I often saw airing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span>
+on his upper veranda and which, I think, were used for
+bed coverings.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after his arrival in Foo Chow, Mr. Gouverneur
+was fortunate in securing the services of a Chinese interpreter
+named Ling Kein, a mandarin of high order,
+who wore the "blue button," significant of his rank. In
+addition to this distinction he wore on his hat the peacock
+feather, an official reward of merit. He was a Chinese
+of remarkable intelligence, well versed in English as well
+as in the Chinese vernacular, and was also the master of
+several dialects. He surprised me by his familiarity with
+New York, and upon inquiry I learned that he had once
+taken a junk into that port, which was naturally regarded
+with great curiosity by the Gothamites. He remembered
+many prominent New Yorkers, one of whom
+was Daniel Lord, the distinguished lawyer, whom he had
+met in a professional relation. He also recalled my old
+friend and Mr. Gouverneur's kinsman, William Kemble,
+who lived next door to Mr. Lord opposite St. John's Park.
+Ling Kein and his family lived in our house, but they led
+such secluded lives that I seldom saw them; indeed, we
+never laid eyes upon our interpreter except when his
+presence was required. He was not in the employ of our
+government, but his salary of one hundred dollars a month
+was paid from my husband's private means. His services
+were invaluable and when we first began housekeeping
+he secured our domestic staff for us. The butler was
+Ning Ping, a Christianized Chinese, who took entire
+charge of the establishment&mdash;going to market, regulating
+the servants and even handing them their wages.
+For his services he received four dollars a month.</p>
+
+<p>I found this mode of life ideally pleasant and easy until
+I heard an uproar one day in the servants' quarters in
+which my two nurses seemed to be involved. I was entirely
+ignorant as to the cause of the commotion and for
+some time held my peace, as one of the first lessons I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span>
+learned in China was not to probe too deeply into domestic
+affairs, since one derived but little satisfaction from
+the attempt. As the confusion continued, however, I summoned
+Ling Kein in order to ascertain the cause of it.
+It seems that Ning Ping had paid the women their wages
+in Mexican dollars which were not of the proper weight.
+There prevailed a crafty method of clipping or punching
+the coins, and this dishonest Chinaman had taken advantage
+of those whom he thought to be simply unsophisticated
+women. The trouble was finally quelled by an
+agreement that in future I should personally pay the
+nurses their wages. I gave each of these women four dollars
+a month for their services. Our cook, Ting Ting,
+who was a chef, and the four coolies, who were the chair
+bearers, were also paid four dollars a month each. The
+gatekeeper, whose duties were to open and close the front
+gate and to look after the chairs of visitors, received a
+similar sum for his services. I also employed by the
+month a native tailor, whose sole requirements for his
+work were a chair and a table. He did the entire sewing
+of the establishment and charged four dollars a month
+for his labor. At least one of my experiences with him
+failed to confirm the extraordinary powers of imitation
+possessed by the Chinese, for upon one occasion when I
+trusted him with a handsome garment, with strict injunctions
+to follow the model I gave him, he completely
+ignored my instructions and carried out his own
+designs.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately for us, this retinue of retainers provided
+its own food and clothing, and I was in blissful ignorance
+as to where they stowed themselves away for the
+night. A laundryman called once a week for our clothes
+and his charges were two dollars a hundred for articles
+of every description. I am almost ashamed to acknowledge
+that I never saw the interior of our kitchen, but our
+cook served our dinners in the most approved manner.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span>
+We frequently had guests to dine with us and as the butler,
+Ning Ping, was as much an expert in his department
+as the cook, Ting Ting, was in his, I was delightfully
+irresponsible and often wondered, as I sat at my own
+table, what the next course would be. Our guests were
+principally men, usually the senior members of <i>Hongs</i>
+and officers of war-ships lying in the harbor, and it was the
+custom of each to bring with him his "boy," who stood
+behind him throughout the repast.</p>
+
+<p>There was quite a number of missionaries in the city,
+and each religious denomination provided its ministers
+with comfortable quarters. The Baptists were especially
+well represented and also the "American Board," which
+was established in Boston in 1812. The English residents
+had a small chapel of their own which was well sustained
+by them. There was one missionary who commanded
+my especial respect and admiration. I refer to
+the Rev. Mr. William C. Burns, a Scotch Presbyterian
+clergyman. He led a life of consecrated self-denial, living
+exclusively with the natives and dressing in the Chinese
+garb which, with his Caucasian features and blond
+complexion, caused him to present the drollest appearance.
+Only those who have resided in China can understand
+the repugnance with which anyone accustomed to
+the amenities of refined society would naturally regard
+such a life. He gave up body and soul to the spread of
+Christianity in a heathen land, recalling to my mind the
+early Jesuits, Francis Xavier, Lucas Caballero and
+Cipriano Baraza, who penetrated pathless forests and
+crossed unknown seas in conformity with the requirements
+of their sacred mission. Mr. Burns died in China in
+the earnest pursuit of his vocation. I own a copy of his
+life published in New York in 1870, soon after his death.</p>
+
+<p>The Roman Catholic Church was well represented in
+Foo Chow and was under the general direction of the
+order of the Dominicans. Each portion of China, in fact,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span>
+even the most remote, was under the jurisdiction of some
+Roman Catholic Order, so that directly or indirectly almost
+every Chinaman in the Empire was reached. The
+Catholics also had a large orphan asylum in Foo Chow,
+over whose portals, in Chinese characters, was the verse
+from the Psalms: "When my father and my mother forsake
+me, then the Lord will take me up." Nothing
+brought back to me my far-away Western home more
+pleasantly than the tones of the Angelus sounding from
+the belfry of this institution.</p>
+
+<p>There was a native orphan asylum in Foo Chow, not
+far from the American Consulate&mdash;a fact I have never
+seen stated in any of the numerous books I have read relating
+to the "Middle Kingdom." With true Chinese insight,
+the largest salary was paid the nurse who successfully
+reared the greatest number of babies. When I lived
+in China, the laws for the prevention of infanticide were
+as stringent as our own, but they were often successfully
+evaded. Poverty was so grinding in the East that the
+slaughter of children was one of its most pitiable consequences.
+Infants were made way with at birth, before
+they were regarded with the eye of affection.</p>
+
+<p>Fifty years ago slavery was prevalent among the Chinese,
+and one of its saddest features consisted in the fact
+that its victims were of their own race and color. Poverty-stricken
+parents sold their offspring to brokers, and in
+Foo Chow it was recognized as a legitimate business.
+Theoretically there were no slaves in Hong-Kong, which
+is British territory, but in reality the city was full of
+them. Both men and women slave-brokers infested the
+large cities of China, and boys and girls between the ages
+of ten and twelve were sent from all the neighboring villages
+to be sold in Foo Chow. The girls were purchased
+to be employed as servants, and sometimes parents would
+buy them for the purpose of training them until they
+reached the proper age and of then marrying them off to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span>
+their sons. In this way, as may readily be seen, some of
+the young people of China were spared the vicissitudes
+and discouragements of courtship so keenly realized in
+some other countries. I have seen girl slaves sold with
+no other property except the clothes upon their backs.
+Frequently their garments were of the scantiest character
+and in some cases even these were claimed by the
+avaricious brokers. Many of the waifs were purchased
+upon trial as a precaution against leprosy which prevailed
+throughout the East. One of the tests consisted in placing
+the child in a dark room under a blue light; if the
+skin was found to be of a greenish hue, the slave passed
+muster; but, on the other hand, if it was of a reddish tinge
+it indicated the early stages of this fatal malady. Babies
+were not much in demand in Foo Chow and did not even
+command the price of fresh pork! I learned at an orphan
+asylum in Shanghai that they were purchased at
+twenty cents each. This institution was conducted by
+missionaries who taught the girls all kinds of domestic
+duties and, when they arrived at proper ages, saw that
+they were given to suitable men for wives.</p>
+
+<p>Not far from the Consulate were the quarters of the
+Tartars. They seemed to live very much to themselves,
+and most of the men were connected with the military
+service of the country. It may not be generally known
+that ever since the commencement of the Tartar dynasty,
+between two and three centuries ago, the queue has been
+worn by the Chinese as a badge of submission to the Tartars.
+The feet of the women were not compressed by
+these early rulers and consequently the Court did not set
+the fashion as in European countries. I understand that
+even now the bandaged feet are universal.</p>
+
+<p>In those days there were no railroads or telegraphs in
+China. The Emperor died while we were living in Foo
+Chow and the news did not reach us until several weeks
+after the event, and then only through the medium of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span>
+courier. The official announcement came to the Consulate
+upon a long yellow card bearing certain Chinese characters.
+All of the mandarins in our city, upon receiving
+the intelligence, gathered at the various temples to bewail
+in loud tones and with tearful eyes the death of their
+ruler.</p>
+
+<p>The palace of the Viceroy was naturally the chief objective
+point of all foreigners and especially of officials
+upon their arrival in port. Occasions frequently occurred
+when Mr. Gouverneur was compelled to go through
+the formality of requesting an interview with this high official.
+These audiences were always promptly granted
+and were conducted with a great amount of pomp and
+ceremony very dear to the inhabitants of "far Cathay,"
+but exceedingly tiresome to others. Some distance from
+us, and in another quarter of the city, was a large building
+called Examination Hall, used by the natives exclusively
+in connection with the civil service of the government.
+It was divided into small rooms, each of which
+was large enough to accommodate only one person, and in
+these the young men of that locality who were aspirants
+for governmental positions were locked each year while
+they wrote their test examination papers. The hall accommodated
+ten thousand students and the time of examination
+was regarded by the Chinese as a critical period
+in a young man's life, as his chances of future success
+largely depended upon the ability displayed in his papers.
+These were carefully read by a board of examiners, and
+official positions were assigned to those who excelled in
+the examination. Intelligence was regarded as the chief
+condition of executive favor and, although personal influence
+naturally had its weight, its exercise did not seem to
+be as prevalent in China as elsewhere. It may not be
+flattering to the pride of other nations, but the fact remains
+that the civil service of China was the forerunner
+of the reforms instituted in countries which we are accus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span>tomed
+to regard as much more enlightened in governmental
+polity.</p>
+
+<p>While we were in China, the seas were infested with a
+formidable band of native pirates that had committed
+depredations for many years. One day two rival factions
+dropped anchor at the same time in the Min River, directly
+opposite Foo Chow, and opened a brisk fire upon
+each other. Many of the foreigners became much alarmed,
+as projectiles were flying around at a lively rate. One
+of these which had entered the house of an American missionary
+was brought to the Consulate, and Mr. Gouverneur
+was urged to take some action. The natives of China
+were at times a turbulent people who seemed glad for an
+excuse to stir up the community and, in consequence of
+this battle of the sea-robbers, a mob formed in Foo Chow
+which threatened disastrous results. The only foreign
+vessel in the harbor was a United States man-of-war, the
+<i>Adams</i>, under the command of James F. Schenck, subsequently
+a Rear Admiral in our Navy. Only a few
+days previous the British ships had departed for the
+mouth of the Peiho River, for the purpose of forcing
+opium upon the poor Chinese at the cannon's mouth.
+The city authorities were requested to use their influence
+in quelling the riots but seemed unequal to the emergency.
+This state of affairs continued for several days, when one
+morning the <i>Taotai</i> (mayor), preceded by men beating
+gongs and followed by a large retinue, arrived at the Consulate
+and requested protection for the city. Upon a similar
+occasion during the previous summer, when a number
+of British warships were in port, these belligerent
+pirates received summary treatment by having their anchor
+cables cut, thus causing them to float down the river.</p>
+
+<p>Upon Mr. Gouverneur's request the <i>Adams</i> sent a detachment
+of marines on shore. It was quartered around
+the Consulate and its presence quickly had the desired
+moral effect upon all parties, and proved a source<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span>
+of great relief to both foreign and native residents.
+Later all apprehension was removed by the speedy departure
+of the unwelcome marauders. Meanwhile the Consulate
+had received many valuables, deposited there for
+safety. The morning following the departure of the ships
+we noticed a large number of boxes in our courtyard and
+also several sheep tied to the flag-staff. For a time we
+could not understand the meaning of this queer collection
+and were compelled to assign it to the usual incomprehensibilities
+of Chinese life. Mr. Gouverneur went in
+search of our interpreter, hoping that he could explain
+the situation, but to our surprise he had fled. We learned
+that he stood in great awe of the pirates and feared their
+vengeance if he told all he knew about them. Mr. Milne,
+the British interpreter, finally came to our rescue. It
+seems that the sheep and boxes were parting gifts&mdash;"Kumshaws,"
+as the Chinese term them&mdash;from the pirates
+to the American and British Consuls and Mr. Milne.</p>
+
+<p>At first we had no idea what the boxes contained, and
+Mr. Gouverneur sought the advice of William Sloane, the
+head of the <i>Hong</i> of Russell and Company, who had
+long been a resident of China, as to what should be done
+with this strange consignment. He strongly urged that,
+as a matter of policy, they be accepted and the British
+Consul, Walter H. Medhurst, agreed with him. The medley
+collection was accordingly divided into three groups
+and some coolies were engaged to convey to the English
+Consul and Mr. Milne their respective shares. The sheep
+took the lead, and it was indeed a curious procession that
+we watched from our windows as we breathed a sigh of
+relief over the departure of this "embarrassment of
+riches," and commenced to plan for the disposal of our
+own share. A few minutes later I chanced to glance out
+of the window when, to my utter dismay, I saw the procession
+so recently <i>en route</i> to the British Consulate reenter
+our courtyard. We were informed that Medhurst<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span>
+had weakened and refused to receive his share of the
+"Kumshaws." Mr. Gouverneur was much annoyed by
+such vacillating conduct and immediately notified the
+British Consul in emphatic language that if he refused to
+accept the piratical gifts he would regard it as a personal
+matter. This had the desired effect and a second time
+the procession wended its way to the British Consulate.
+The boxes proved to contain hams, rock candy, dates and
+other provisions which we immediately sent to the American
+missionaries, while the sheep were given to Mr. Sloane
+to do with them whatever he pleased. We found this
+gentleman throughout our Chinese life to be a man of superior
+judgment and an agreeable companion. After a
+long and successful career in the East, he died in China
+just on the eve of his embarkation for America. He never
+married and many years later I had the pleasure of becoming
+acquainted with his brother, Samuel Sloane, the
+railroad magnate, at Garrison's-on-the-Hudson; and,
+owing to our agreeable association with his brother, both
+Mr. and Mrs. Sloane always welcomed me with great
+cordiality.</p>
+
+<p>I have already referred to Commander (afterwards Rear
+Admiral) James F. Schenck, U.S.N. Our association
+with him in Foo Chow was highly agreeable. He was our
+frequent guest at the Consulate and we soon discovered in
+him a man of rare wit; indeed, I have understood that
+fifty years ago he was considered the most clever <i>raconteur</i>
+in the Navy. Commander Schenck's Executive Officer
+on the <i>Adams</i> was Lieutenant James J. Waddell,
+whom we regarded as a pleasing and congenial guest.
+Subsequent to his life in Eastern waters, his career was
+unusually interesting. He was a native of North Carolina
+and, resigning his commission in the United States
+service at the opening of the Civil War, subsequently entered
+the Confederate Navy, where he was finally assigned
+to the command of the celebrated cruiser <i>Shenandoah</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span>
+This ship, formerly the British merchantman <i>Sea King</i>,
+was bought in England for &pound;45,000 by James D. Bulloch,
+the Naval Agent of the Southern Confederacy in Great
+Britain, to take the place of the <i>Alabama</i>, which had been
+sunk by the <i>Kearsarge</i> in June, 1864. She left London
+in the fall of the same year and fitted out as an armed
+cruiser off Madeira. She then went to Australia and,
+after cruising in various parts of the Pacific, sailed for
+Behring Sea and the Arctic Ocean, where she met with
+remarkable success in her depredations upon Northern
+shipping. She captured thirty-eight vessels, mostly whalers,
+and the actual losses inflicted by her were only sixty
+thousand dollars less than those charged to the <i>Alabama</i>.
+Captain Waddell first heard of the downfall of the Confederacy
+when off the coast of Lower California on the
+2d of August, 1865&mdash;between three and four months after
+the event&mdash;and, as he had captured in that interval about
+a dozen ships and realized that his acts might be regarded
+as piratical, he sailed for England where, early in November,
+he surrendered the <i>Shenandoah</i> to the British
+government. She was turned over to the United States,
+was subsequently sold to the Sultan of Zanzibar and was
+lost in 1879 in the Indian Ocean. She was the only ship
+that carried the flag of the Confederacy around the world.
+In December, 1861, Captain Waddell married a daughter
+of James Iglehart of Annapolis, and died in that city a
+number of years ago.</p>
+
+<p>The American Consulate was the rendezvous of all
+Naval officers who came into port, and I recall with gratification
+Lieutenant John J. B. Walbach, a son of Colonel
+John DeBarth Walbach, a well-known officer of the Army,
+Dr. Philip Lansdale, Dr. Benjamin F. Gibbs, Lieutenant
+George M. Blodgett and Lieutenant (afterwards Rear
+Admiral) John C. Beaumont. The latter was frequently
+my guest in Washington after my return to America, and
+Doctors Lansdale and Gibbs I met again at the Capital,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span>
+where we took pleasure in discussing our Chinese observations
+and experiences. While in China I also became acquainted
+with Captain and Mrs. Eliphalet Nott of Schenectady,
+the former of whom was a nephew of the venerable
+President Eliphalet Nott of Union College. He commanded
+his own vessel, the <i>Don Quixote</i>, and was usually
+accompanied on his voyages by his wife&mdash;a mode of life
+that impressed me as quite ideal.</p>
+
+<p>One day as I was passing through the streets of Foo
+Chow my attention was directed to a gayly-dressed woman
+seated in a chair decked with flowers. I was informed
+that she was a Chinese widow who was about to sacrifice
+herself upon the pyre in accordance with the custom of
+the country. I subsequently learned that when this
+woman reached the place appointed for the ceremony, she
+found an immense assemblage, including many mandarins
+and her own brother, the latter of whom had agreed to
+apply the torch that should launch her into eternity.
+The crowd, however, was disappointed, for at the last moment
+her courage failed her and she announced that she
+must return home at once as she had forgotten to feed
+her pig! The woman's life was saved, but the disappointment
+of the throng found expression in a riot which,
+however, was speedily quelled by the authorities.</p>
+
+<p>The Chinese nation was the victim of an outrageous
+wrong, and the perpetrators were Americans and Englishmen
+whose unquenchable avarice overcame their moral
+convictions. I refer to the iniquitous manner in which
+opium was introduced into the country and subsequently
+sold to the natives. Large fortunes were accumulated in
+this way, but it was nothing more nor less than "blood
+money" wrung from the pockets of those who had a right
+to expect better things from the representatives of
+Christian countries. China at this time was unable to
+cope by force with the Western nations, but she did not
+renounce the right to protect herself from this outrage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span>
+without a struggle. When, however, she asserted this
+right, as she did on a certain occasion by seizing and burning
+the deadly drug, she made herself liable for heavy indemnities
+and was compelled to abandon the unequal struggle.
+In consequence of this act, six hundred thousand dollars
+passed through Mr. Gouverneur's hands as U.S. Consul.
+Even in recent years the Chinese Emperor has sought
+to protect his subjects from the evils of opium. When I
+lived in China, Congo tea was cultivated around Foo
+Chow, but in time it was abandoned and the poppy took
+its place. A few years ago an edict was issued prohibiting
+the cultivation of this flower and I understand that tea
+is again a product of this region. When I resided in
+Foo Chow, some of the most prominent business houses
+were involved in the smuggling of opium, and one very
+large and wealthy firm&mdash;that of Jardine and Matthewson&mdash;actually
+employed a heavily armed gunboat to assist
+it in the accomplishment of this colossal outrage. It will
+be remembered that when Li Hung Chang, then one of
+the richest men in the world, visited this country a few
+years ago he frequently asked the wealthy men whom
+he met where they got their money. Whether or not he
+had in mind at the time the manner in which certain
+American and English fortunes had been accumulated in
+his native land does not appear; but if his question had
+been directed to the heads of some of the business houses
+in Foo Chow and elsewhere in China while I was there,
+it certainly would have produced, to say the least, no little
+embarrassment.</p>
+
+<p>Poor China has suffered much from the impositions and
+depredations of foreigners. Pillage and theft have
+marked the paths of foreign invaders in a manner wholly
+inconsistent with the code of honorable warfare, and acts
+have been committed that would never be tolerated in
+conflicts between Western nations. It was said that the
+title of Comte de Pelikao was conferred by Louis Napo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span>leon
+upon General Charles Montauban for having presented
+the Empress Eug&eacute;nie with some superb black
+pearls taken from the Imperial Summer Palace when it
+was looted in 1860. At the same time and in the same
+manner also disappeared many almost priceless gems,
+costly articles of <i>vertu</i>, treasures in gold and silver and a
+wealth of ancient manuscripts; while similar outrages
+were ruthlessly perpetrated in the same unfortunate city
+only a few years ago as the closing chapter in the Boxer
+troubles. Unhappy China! She has felt the aggressive
+hand of her Western "brothers" ever since the unwilling
+invasion of her shores.</p>
+
+<p>About this time China was the resort of many adventurous
+Americans, some of whom doubtless "left their
+country for their country's good," with a view of seeking
+their fortunes. We became very well acquainted with
+a New Yorker named Augustus Joseph Francis Harrison,
+a master of a craft sailing in Chinese waters. His early
+life had been spent in Morrisania in New York, where
+he had become familiar with the name of my husband's
+relative, Gouverneur Morris, and was thus led to seek our
+acquaintance. One day he came to the Consulate apparently
+in ill health and told us he was in a serious condition.
+It seems that he had employed an English physician
+whose violent remedies had failed to benefit him
+and had prompted him to declare that he had been mistaken
+for a horse! He begged us for shelter and we accordingly
+gave him a room and retained him at the Consulate
+as our guest. We knew but little of medical
+remedies, but we did the best for him we could, and in
+due time were delighted to see that our patient was convalescing.
+One day my husband and my daughter Maud
+visited him in his room and, as a token of gratitude, he
+presented to the little girl the "Pirates' God," one of his
+most cherished treasures&mdash;a curious idol, which is still in
+her possession. On the back of it he wrote the following<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span>
+history:&mdash;"This idol, together with the whole contents of
+two large pirate boats, was captured after a severe fight
+of three hours, they having undertaken to take us by surprise;
+consequently thirty or forty were killed. The rest
+made good their escape by jumping overboard and swimming
+ashore. The boats and contents, too, were sold."</p>
+
+<p>Foo Chow was a region frequently visited by typhoons,
+in consequence of which a municipal law required houses
+to be but one story high. During the latter part of our
+residence in China we experienced the terrors of a storm
+remarkable for its severity and in the course of which a
+portion of the Consulate was blown down. After spending
+some anxious hours in an underground passage in the
+middle of the night, we were finally obliged to take refuge
+in the <i>Hong</i> of Augustus Heard and Company. I shall
+never forget, as we sat in this lonely cellar with the elements
+raging above us, the imploring cries of my young
+children, "I want to go home." It was while this storm
+was raging that Mr. Gouverneur received the following
+note from George J. Weller, the representative of this
+well-known firm:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>My dear Mr. Gouverneur,</p>
+
+<p>The Barometer is going up&mdash;the wind will probably
+abate a little soon, and perhaps then Mrs. G. and the children
+can come. <i>Make</i> the coolies carry the chair. Three
+can do it.</p></div>
+
+<p>The semi-tropical climate of Foo Chow, however, did not
+agree with Mr. Gouverneur, in consequence of which we decided
+to return home. His campaign during the Mexican
+War had made serious inroads upon his health, from which
+he never entirely recovered. It was hoped that his life in
+the East would be beneficial, but it proved otherwise.
+Meanwhile, the Civil War was raging in the United States,
+but the news concerning it was very stale long before it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span>
+reached us. We did not receive the particulars of the
+battle of Bull Run, for example, until three months after
+its occurrence. In view of the turbulent state of affairs
+at home, the government thought it important that Mr.
+Gouverneur should remain at his post of duty until the
+arrival of his successor, and he decided to do so. During
+these days of uncertainty, however, my husband deemed
+it wise that, if possible, I should return with the children
+on a ship sailing under the protection of the British flag,
+and I quite agreed with him. In due time the favorable
+opportunity presented itself, and I embarked for America
+in the British merchantman <i>Mirage</i>. The wisdom of Mr.
+Gouverneur's judgment was fully confirmed, as the next
+American vessel sailing from Foo Chow after my departure
+was captured by a Confederate privateer. When
+I went to China I took two little girls with me, and returned
+with three. At the birth of the last daughter we
+named her "Rose de Chine," in order to identify her
+more intimately with the land of her nativity. Soon
+after her birth, several Chinese asked me: "How many
+girls do you keep?"</p>
+
+<p>We were the only passengers on the <i>Mirage</i> and, besides
+having very superior accommodations on board, we
+were treated with every consideration by its captain.
+We were three months upon the homeward voyage and
+the captain called it smooth sailing. We fell in with
+many vessels <i>en route</i> and, to quote our skipper, we found
+them "like human beings, some very friendly and others
+stern and curt." When in mid-ocean we passed an American
+vessel, the <i>Anna Decatur</i>, which seemed like a welcome
+from home as it was named after a former New
+York friend of mine, Anna Pine Decatur, a niece of Commodore
+Stephen Decatur, who married Captain William H.
+Parsons of the merchant service. Lieutenant Stephen Decatur,
+U.S.N., a brother of Anna Pine Decatur, was a constant
+visitor at our house in Houston Street in my young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span>
+days. During one of his cruises he was stricken with a
+serious illness which resulted in total blindness. He subsequently
+married but, although he never had the pleasure
+of seeing his wife and children, his genial nature was
+not changed by his affliction. In 1869 he became a Commodore
+on the retired list, but some of the family connection
+objected to his use of this title, as in their opinion
+the world should recognize only one Commodore
+Stephen Decatur, the naval hero of 1812.</p>
+
+<p>As we neared New York harbor I became decidedly
+impatient and was congratulating myself one morning
+that our long voyage was almost over, when I noticed
+that the usually pleasant expression on the captain's
+face had changed to one of extreme anxiety. I inquired:
+"What is wrong, Captain?" and to my dismay he replied:
+"Everything!" He then told me we were just
+outside the pilot grounds, but that in all his experience,
+even in Chinese waters, he had never known the barometer
+to fall so low; and, to add to his anxiety, there was no
+pilot within sight! It was a very cold February morning,
+the thermometer having reached the zero mark, and
+I went at once to my cabin to prepare for the worst.
+The captain meanwhile commenced to make preparations
+for a severe storm, but before we realized it the tempest
+was upon us and our vessel was blown far out to sea,
+where for three days we were at the mercy of the elements.
+The rudder was tied, the hatches battened down
+and there was nothing left to do but to sit with folded
+hands and trust to that Providence whom even the
+waters obey.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="img9" id="img9"></a>
+<a href="images/img09.jpg"><img src="images/img09th.jpg" width="400" height="261" alt="Mrs. Gouverneur&#39;s Three Daughters.
+
+Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson." title="" /></a>
+<span class="caption">Mrs. Gouverneur&#39;s Three Daughters.<br /></span>
+<span class='caption2'><i>Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+<p>I remember sitting in my stateroom one of those terrible
+nights entirely alone and without even the comforting
+sound of a human voice. Our life preservers were
+within reach, but I fully realized that they would be of
+but little avail in such a raging sea. During those anxious
+moments, with my little children sound asleep in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span>
+adjoining cabin and quite oblivious of impending danger,
+I wondered whether it would be my destiny to close my
+earthly career on Rockaway Beach, near the spot where
+I had first seen the light of day; but soon after those
+anxious moments I was indeed grateful, as the captain
+told me that if the wind had been in another quarter
+all of us would have perished within a few hours.
+Gradually the winds and storm ceased and, the waters
+becoming calmer, we finally reached our haven without
+even being subjected to the annoying presence of
+a Custom House official, as the high seas had prevented
+his visit. When I reached land I learned that the awful
+storm had extended along the whole eastern coast and had
+carried death and devastation in its track. The children
+and I were driven to my mother's late residence, 57 West
+Thirty-sixth Street, but she was no longer there to greet
+me, as she had passed into the Great Beyond the year before
+my return; but my sister Charlotte and my brother
+Malcolm were still living there, both of whom were unmarried.
+I had received such kindness from the captain
+of the <i>Mirage</i> during the homeward voyage that I felt I
+should like to make some fitting return, and accordingly
+his wife and daughter became my guests.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XIII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE CIVIL WAR AND LIFE IN MARYLAND</h3>
+
+
+<p>As the time passed I became somewhat anxious over
+the delay in Mr. Gouverneur's return to this country.
+It seems, however, that, with neither of us
+knowing it, we were upon the sea at the same time. His
+homeward voyage was made by the way of the Isthmus
+of Suez and Marseilles. For a while it seemed difficult for
+either of us to realize that we were in our own country
+once more, as the Civil War had turned everything and
+everybody topsy turvy. When we left the country, party
+animosities were pitched to a high key, but the possibility
+of a gigantic civil war as a solution of political problems
+would have been regarded as preposterous. On our return,
+however, the country was wild with excitement over
+an armed struggle, the eventual magnitude of which no
+one had yet dreamed of. Newly equipped regiments were
+constantly passing in our vicinity for the seat of war, the
+national ensign and other emblems of loyalty were displayed
+on every hand and a martial spirit pervaded the
+very atmosphere. The war was the one important topic
+of conversation at homes, in the streets and in places of
+business. The passions of the people were so thoroughly
+aroused that they were frequently expressed in severe denunciation
+of any who presumed to entertain conservative
+views of the situation of affairs and who still hoped for
+conciliation and peace. Suspicions were often created by
+trivial but well-intended acts or remarks that were susceptible
+of a double construction, and loyal sentiment was
+often so pronounced in its denunciation of the South that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span>
+no word or remark could be tolerated that by any possibility
+could be construed as a criticism of the administration,
+a disapproval of the war or of any detail relating
+to its conduct. For example, not long after our return
+from China, while Mr. Gouverneur and I were visiting
+my sister, Mrs. Eames, in Washington, we were watching
+one day a newly equipped regiment from Vermont while
+passing her residence <i>en route</i> for the seat of war, when
+Mr. Eames remarked, "Gouverneur, isn't that a fine regiment?"
+My husband, who then and always thereafter
+was thoroughly loyal to the cause of the Union, but whose
+military training had made him familiar with the precise
+tactics and evolutions of regular troops, replied: "They
+need training," when Mr. Eames, with much warmth of
+feeling, exclaimed: "You are a secessionist, sir!"</p>
+
+<p>That, however, represented but a mild state of feeling
+compared with that sometimes entertained between those
+who were loyal to the Union and others who sympathized
+with the South. I recall one conspicuous instance where
+such antagonistic views resulted in personal animosity
+that severed tender personal relations of long standing.
+When I left the country a lifelong intimacy had existed
+between Mrs. Charles Vanden Heuvel, a granddaughter
+of Robert Morris, the great financier of the Revolution,
+and Mrs. George Gibbs, granddaughter of the Connecticut
+statesman, Oliver Wolcott; but after the outbreak of
+the war these two elderly women differed so radically in
+their views concerning the conflict that, for a period, their
+personal relations were severed. The spirit of toleration
+was so utterly lacking in both the North and the South
+that even those allied by ties of blood were estranged, and
+a spirit of bitter resentment and crimination everywhere
+prevailed. This state of feeling, under the circumstances,
+was doubtless inevitable, but it emphasized better than
+almost anything else, except bloodshed itself, the truth
+of General Sherman's declaration that "War is Hell!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The animosities engendered by the war ruptured family
+ties and familiar associations in Maryland much more
+completely than in the North. One of the Needwood families
+was that of Outerbridge Horsey, who was a pronounced
+Southern sympathizer, while not far away at
+Mount O'Donnell, a superb old estate, lived General Columbus
+O'Donnell, who ardently espoused the cause of the
+Union. Mr. Horsey had a son born just after a Southern
+victory whom he named Robert Victor Lee; but later,
+after a Confederate defeat, General O'Donnell suggested
+that the name be changed to Robert "Skedaddle" Lee,
+whereupon Mr. Horsey retorted that he thought the name
+of a grandchild of General O'Donnell might appropriately
+be changed to George "Retreat" McClellan. Of Charles
+Oliver O'Donnell, one of the General's sons, I retain the
+pleasantest memories. He was a gentleman of attractive
+personality and a genial nature. His first wife was Lucinia
+de Sodr&eacute;, daughter of Luis Pereira de Sodr&eacute;, who at
+the time of his daughter's marriage was the Brazilian
+Minister in Washington. Mr. O'Donnell's second wife
+was Miss Helen Sophia Carroll of Baltimore.</p>
+
+<p>After remaining a few months in New York and a
+shorter period in Washington, we visited Mr. Gouverneur's
+father, who was still living at Needwood in Maryland.
+Here we found a radical change of scene, for we
+were now in close proximity to the seat of war. On our
+journey southward we were somewhat delayed by the
+rumor that General Lee was about to enter Maryland, rendering
+it necessary for us to procure passes, which was
+accomplished through the courtesy of General Edward
+Shriver, a native of Frederick, who held at the time an
+important official position in Baltimore. We had thought
+when we arrived in New York that public feeling ran
+high, but it was mild compared with our observations and
+experiences in Maryland, and we never dared to predict
+what a day would bring forth. Mr. Gouverneur's father<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span>
+was a pronounced Northern man, but his wife's relatives,
+as well as most of his neighbors, sympathized with the
+South. Soon after the outbreak of the war, while we
+were yet in China, and at the period when Maryland
+was wavering between the North and South, and to
+anxious spectators secession seemed almost inevitable,
+my father-in-law and ex-Governor Philip F. Thomas left
+one morning on a hurried trip to Frederick, where the
+State Legislature was convened in special session, instead
+of at the State Capitol in Annapolis, which was then occupied
+by Union troops. A report had reached them that
+the legislature would probably declare for secession and
+call a convention to take into consideration an ordinance
+for the accomplishment of that end, and they desired to
+exert whatever influence they could command to retain
+the State in the Union. The national administration,
+however, was equally alert, and a measure much more effective,
+in this instance, than moral suasion was employed
+to defeat the adherents of the Southern cause. General
+John A. Dix arrested ten members-elect of the State Legislature,
+the mayor of Baltimore, a congressman and two
+editors; while in Frederick, General Nathaniel P. Banks
+took into custody nine other members who, under the suspension
+of the writ of habeas corpus, were confined for a
+time either in Fort Lafayette in New York or in Fort
+Warren in Boston. I well remember that one of these
+was Severn Teackle Wallis of Baltimore, a lawyer of exceptional
+prominence and ability and a universal favorite
+in society.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly before the battle of Gettysburg, when Frederick
+County was occupied by the Union troops, many of
+the officers dined at Needwood. A little later, although
+over forty miles away, we knew that a great battle was
+in progress, as we distinctly heard the steady firing of
+heavy artillery. The news of the great Union victory
+finally reached us and I listened in silent sympathy to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>
+rejoicing of the Unionists and heard the lamentations of
+the sympathizers with the Southern cause.</p>
+
+<p>After the battle of Gettysburg, the disorganized Southern
+army came straggling along through Maryland, their
+objective point being Harper's Ferry; while General
+George G. Meade with his troops was on South Mountain,
+within sight of the former locality. During the night
+there arose one of the most violent storms I have ever
+known, and we naturally supposed that it would render
+the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers, which meet at Harper's
+Ferry, absolutely impassable, as all bridges had, of
+course, been destroyed. The storm raged with such fury
+that we were actually afraid to go to bed. Mr. Gouverneur
+and I were elated because we believed it meant the
+end of hostilities and the Union restored; for in our opinion,
+it seemed impossible for human beings to successfully
+contend with the elements and at the same time to live
+under the fire of Meade's guns. It would therefore be
+difficult to describe our surprise when we learned the next
+morning that Lee's troops had safely crossed the Potomac
+and were again on the soil of Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Several days later Mr. Gouverneur and I were driving
+on the national turnpike, commonly called the Hagerstown
+pike, when we encountered the Union army. Our
+destination was the country seat of ex-Governor Philip
+F. Thomas, two miles from Frederick and within the
+shadow of Catoctin mountain, which we were contemplating
+as a future home. Our travel was not impeded except
+by an occasional inquiry in regard to our political sentiments,
+as the Northern army was prone to believe that
+every sojourner in Maryland at this time was an adherent
+of the South. This national turnpike, which has been
+and still is a well-traveled thoroughfare, was constructed
+at a cost of several million dollars and was generally
+regarded as an extravagance of John Adams' administration.
+In speaking of this road, which begins at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span>
+Georgetown, D.C., and crosses the mountains into Kentucky,
+Henry Clay once remarked that no one need go
+abroad for scenery after viewing "the Valley of the
+Shenandoah, Harper's Ferry, and the still more beautiful
+Middletown valley."</p>
+
+<p>We were so favorably impressed by the Thomas place
+that we decided to purchase it and in a short time found
+ourselves permanent residents of Frederick County, in
+Maryland. We changed the name from "Waverley" to
+"<i>Po-ne-sang</i>," which was the name of a Chinese Mission
+and meant "a small hill." After seeing the children and
+myself comfortably established in our new home, Mr. Gouverneur
+felt that he was now free to give his services to the
+country for which he had so valiantly fought during the
+Mexican War. As he was still in exceedingly delicate
+health, active service in the field with all the exposures of
+camp life was entirely out of the question but, desirous
+of rendering such services as he could, he wrote the following
+letter to Major General Henry W. Halleck, Commander
+in Chief of our Army:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>On my return from China, where I held the office of
+Consul of the U.S., in the early part of May last I had
+the honor, through the Honorable Secretary of State, to
+offer my services to the President of the United States in
+any capacity in which my military or other experience
+might enable me to serve my country in its present hour
+of peril. To my communication to this effect I have received
+no reply.</p>
+
+<p>I have the honour now to tender to you my services on
+your staff in some position wherein they may prove most
+available.</p>
+
+<p>The record of my former services in Mexico is on the
+files of the War Department, and I am without vanity led
+to believe that the historical associations which place my
+name in connection with that of James Monroe may give
+a prestige in our cause not wholly valueless. In conclu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span>sion
+I beg to add that the subject of compensation with
+me would be a matter of indifference.</p></div>
+
+<p>General Halleck replied as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'>Washington, July 30, 1863.</p>
+
+<p>Samuel L. Gouverneur Jr.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York.</p>
+
+<p>Sir,</p>
+
+<p>The law authorizing the appointment of additional
+aides has been repealed. Moreover, I have long since refused
+to nominate except for distinguished or meritorious
+military services. It is true that some have been put upon
+my staff without having rendered any service at all, but
+they were not nominated by me, and I do not recognize
+their appointment as legal.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Yours &amp;c.,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">H. W. Halleck</span>,<br />
+Major General Commanding.</p></div>
+
+<p>General Halleck seemed to be ignorant of the fact that
+the chief requisite for serving upon his staff was not wanting
+in the case of my husband, who, as before stated, was
+brevetted for gallantry and meritorious conduct at the
+battles of Contreras and Churubusco in the Mexican War.</p>
+
+<p>Halleck's reply was a bitter disappointment to Mr. Gouverneur
+but a tremendous relief to me, as I knew he was
+not in the condition of health to serve even as a staff-officer.
+When he originally broached the subject to me I
+did not try to dissuade him, as I felt that I had no moral
+right to interfere with his ideas of duty to his country.
+The Halleck letter, therefore, brought about a state of affairs
+in our household much more satisfactory than my
+most sanguine anticipations. Mr. Gouverneur, having
+done his full duty, gave up his idea of re-entering the
+Army and, in a spirit of contentment, began to take up
+life in our new home.</p>
+
+<p>During the month of August, 1863, we had just gotten<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span>
+fairly settled when the Confederate guerrilla chieftain,
+John S. Mosby, appeared at our door with his band of
+marauders. Their visit was brief and we were spared the
+usual depredations&mdash;why, we knew not, unless it were
+owing to the fact that Mr. Gouverneur's nephew, James
+Monroe Heiskell, a mere boy of sixteen, who ran away
+from home and swam across the Potomac to join Mosby's
+band, possibly accompanied him. Mosby's men in the
+East and Morgan's rangers in the West represented a
+species of ignoble warfare. In reality they did not benefit
+the cause which they professed to serve, but merely
+molested inoffensive farmers by carrying off their stock
+and thus depriving them of their means of livelihood. In
+recent years I discussed with a Confederate officer, the
+late General Beverly Robertson, Mosby's mode of warfare,
+and he surprised but gratified me very much by saying
+that in his opinion, it was a great injury to the Southern
+cause. It seems hardly just that, during President Grant's
+administration and later, official positions should have been
+bestowed upon Mosby while the interests of other Confederate
+officers who had fought a fair and honorable
+fight and had battled, moreover, for their country during
+the Mexican War, should have been neglected.</p>
+
+<p>These war experiences furnished strenuous days for us
+in our new home and we lived in a state of constant excitement.
+I well recall the first morning it was announced
+to us by one of the colored servants, while we
+were at the breakfast table, that "the rebels were coming,"
+and the feeling of timidity that nearly overpowered
+me. Very soon some troops under the command of General
+Bradley T. Johnson, a native of Frederick, marched
+upon our lawn and encamped all around us. General
+Johnson immediately came to our door and, although I
+was in anything but a comfortable frame of mind, I summoned
+all my courage and met him at the threshold. In
+a very courtly manner&mdash;too much so, in fact, to be ex<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span>pected
+in time of war&mdash;he remarked, "You are a stranger
+here, madam." I responded: "My life here has been
+short; my name is Gouverneur." He at once said: "I
+suppose you are a relative of Mr. Gouverneur of the Maryland
+Tract." I admitted the fact although I was not quite
+sure it was discreet to do so, as the Union sentiments of
+my father-in-law were generally well known, and I was
+talking to a Confederate General. He and his officers
+spent some time with us and we found them exceedingly
+friendly, and thus, at least for a time, the terrors of war
+were averted. Many years later I met General Johnson
+in my own drawing-room when he and his wife came from
+Baltimore to attend the wedding of my daughter, Ruth
+Monroe, to his cousin, Doctor William Crawford Johnson,
+of Frederick. We naturally discussed our first meeting
+when he was greeted with less cordiality than he received
+during his present visit.</p>
+
+<p>Upon learning of the approach of the Confederates, we
+made rapid preparations for their advent. As we had
+learned from our neighbors that the South stood in great
+need of horses and we owned a number of them of more
+than usual value, Mr. Gouverneur seized upon an ingenious
+plan for concealing them. Under our house was
+a fine cellar which, unfortunately, the horses refused to
+enter until the steps leading into it were removed. When
+this had been done, they were led down one by one into
+a darkened room, and bags were securely tied over their
+eyes to prevent them from neighing. During the visit of
+the Confederates, which seemed to us interminably long,
+owing to our anxiety about the horses, General Johnson
+sat directly over their hiding place; but they behaved like
+well-bred beasts and never uttered a sound. I had serious
+misgivings, however, when I saw a mounted officer, riding
+around the house to make a survey of the premises, stop
+at the upturned steps. For a moment I thought all was
+over and my feelings were akin to those, I fancy, of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span>
+person secreting stolen goods; but the investigation happily
+went no further and he rode on.</p>
+
+<p>When the active preparations for hiding the horses were
+in progress my children were running hither and thither
+and watching the process with much interest and excitement.
+I called them to me and in my sternest tones told
+them of the near approach of the soldiers and gave them
+to understand that if they said "horse" or "rebel devil"
+in their presence I should punish them severely. They
+had been taught by the negroes on the place to call the
+Southerners "rebel devils," and I feared for the result if
+they allowed their childish tongues to wag too freely. A
+few hours later I spoke to one of the little girls upon some
+topic entirely foreign to our original subject, but she was
+so overawed by my threat and the presence of the troops
+that she seemed afraid to utter a word. After a little
+encouragement, however, she crept up to my side and
+whispered: "Mamma, they have taken all of our saddles!"
+General Johnson was still sitting on our porch, when a
+soldier approached and asked for an ax. One was immediately
+procured, when the General, asking the man's
+name, said: "That ax is to be returned." This order
+struck me as somewhat ludicrous when a little later I
+learned that the ax was to be used in demolishing all of
+our fences! This precaution was deemed important in
+order to facilitate, if necessary, a more speedy retreat.</p>
+
+<p>As night approached we were asked if a guard would
+be acceptable, and we were only too glad to avail ourselves
+of such protection. As we were closing the house
+for the night, after our strenuous day, one of the soldiers
+on guard duty remarked to me, in a friendly voice: "Now
+I am going to bed!" In my astonishment I said:
+"Where?" The smiling response was: "On the porch,
+to be sure!" In this state of unrest there was no repose
+for us that night and we did not even attempt to undress,
+as we knew not what an hour might bring forth. Just<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span>
+before dawn there was a knock upon the front door and,
+upon opening it, I found facing me a guard who, without
+any apology, said: "I left my boots inside!" Before I
+had locked the front door again and returned to my room,
+the Southerners had "folded up their tents like the Arabs
+and as silently stolen away." Only a short period had
+elapsed when several mounted officers dashed up our
+driveway and anxiously inquired: "Where are the
+guards?" They gave me only time enough to say,
+"They have gone," when they rode rapidly away. We
+came to the conclusion that they were young men visiting
+their relatives and friends in Frederick and that the retreat
+was so sudden that no word of warning could be
+sent them.</p>
+
+<p>We realized the next day that the hasty departure of
+the Confederates was timely, as the Union Army was encamped
+all around us. Some of the officers came to see
+us and Mr. Gouverneur invited them to dine. This was
+a period of sudden transitions, for that night the Union
+Army retreated and the next day the Confederates were
+with us again, dining upon the remnants of the meal left
+by their adversaries. It was all we had to give them, as
+all our colored servants, having been told that they would
+be captured and taken further South, had fled upon hearing
+of the second visit of the Confederates. This was
+naturally a trying experience for me, as no servant except
+a Chinese maid was left upon the place and I was in a
+strange locality. But luckily I found the last set of officers
+pleasant and congenial and ready to make due allowance
+for all household deficiencies. Several of them
+were natives of Loudoun County, Virginia, and were familiar
+with our name, as they had lived near Oak Hill,
+the estate of Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, where my husband
+had passed a portion of his early life. We soon learned
+that country life during war times without satisfactory
+servants was much more than either Mr. Gouverneur or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span>
+I had sufficient courage or strength to bear. This state of
+affairs resulted in my husband going to New York, where
+he secured a family of Irish immigrants consisting of a
+woman and three men. The relative positions of the two
+armies in our general vicinity had meanwhile shifted several
+times and we never knew from day to day whether
+we were destined to greet friend or foe.</p>
+
+<p>On the particular morning of which I am about to speak,
+the Confederates were again with us. They were apparently
+unacquainted with the topography of the surrounding
+country and were naturally desirous of securing such
+information as should enable them, in case of necessity,
+to effect a speedy and secure retreat. We received an
+early call from several of their officers who inquired the
+way to the "Alms House Road." We had been so busily
+engaged in trying to settle ourselves down under such adverse
+circumstances that we knew actually nothing of the
+surrounding country; and, when Mr. Gouverneur informed
+our visitors of this fact, they looked at one another in
+such a decidedly incredulous way as to convince us that
+they thought we were withholding information. My husband
+finally sent for John Demsey, one of our Irish immigrants,
+who had driven considerably around the adjacent
+country, and one of the officers in a rather offensive
+manner renewed his query about the "Alms House Road."
+To our chagrin, John's answer was, "I do not know;" and
+Mr. Gouverneur, realizing that affairs were assuming a
+rather serious aspect, said: "John, you do know; tell the
+officer at once." With true Irish perspicacity he exclaimed:
+"Oh, sir, you mean the 'Poor House road'&mdash;I
+know that;" and forthwith gave the desired information.
+In anything but pleasant tones the Irish youth was told
+by the officers to accompany them as guide, and the order
+was obeyed with both fear and alacrity. Mr. Gouverneur
+then exacted from the commanding officer his word of honor
+that the man be permitted to return, and remarked at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span>
+same time, in an ironical manner, that if they continued
+to tear down our fences and commit other depredations
+we should all of us know the location of the Alms House.</p>
+
+<p>At a much later period General Jubal A. Early's Army
+passed our door <i>en route</i>, as at least he hoped, for Washington.
+General John B. Gordon sent an orderly to our
+house with his compliments to ask for a map of Frederick
+County, which we were unable to supply. All through
+the day the Southern troops continued to march by, until,
+towards sunset, the rear of the last column halted in front
+of our place. As we knew that a battle was imminent,
+we awaited the result with beating hearts and anxious
+hopes. When the firing of cannon began we know that
+the battle of the Monocacy had begun and were truly
+grateful that it was four miles away! The battle was
+short and decisive and the Southern Army was repulsed.
+The wounded soldiers were conveyed to Frederick, where
+hospitals were improvised, and the dead were laid to rest
+in Mount Olivet Cemetery, on the outskirts of the city.
+Both Northern and Southern sympathizers became skilled
+nurses and their gentle ministrations resulted in several
+instances in romantic attachments. Among the young
+physicians left in Frederick to attend the wounded soldiers
+was Doctor Robert S. Weir, who subsequently became
+distinguished as a surgeon in New York City. While
+stationed at the hospital in Frederick, he met a daughter
+of Robert G. McPherson, whom at the conclusion of the
+war he married. Mrs. McPherson was Miss Milicent
+Washington, who was a direct descendant of Colonel Samuel
+Washington, a younger brother of George Washington,
+and whose five wives are all interred in the graveyard
+at the old family home, Harewood, in Jefferson County,
+Virginia. Mrs. McPherson, one of whose ancestors was
+Miss Ann Steptoe, who married Willoughby Allerton, was
+also a niece of "Dolly" Madison.</p>
+
+<p>Prior to the battle of the Monocacy I discovered that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span>
+our house was again surrounded by quite a number of
+Northern soldiers. This was an usual occurrence, to be
+sure, but this time they were making such a careful
+scrutiny of the premises that I was led to inquire of one
+of them what object they had in view. To my utter dismay
+I was informed that as our house was upon a hill
+they had selected it as "a position," and that our safest
+place was in the cellar. We soon realized the wisdom of
+this retreat as shells began to fly around us from several
+directions and with much rapidity. We spent the greater
+part of the day underground, wondering all the while how
+long our involuntary imprisonment would last, as these
+dark and dismal quarters were naturally a great restraint
+upon the children and exceedingly depressing to Mr. Gouverneur
+and myself.</p>
+
+<p>Although Northern in our sentiments, we sometimes
+preferred the visits of the Confederates to those of their
+adversaries, owing to the greater consideration which we
+received from them. Upon the arrival of our own soldiers,
+their first act was to search the house from garret
+to cellar. At first I indignantly inquired their object
+and was curtly informed that they were searching for
+"concealed rebels." I gradually tolerated this mode
+of procedure until one morning when we were routed
+up at five o'clock, and then I protested. The Union
+soldiers took it for granted that, owing to the locality
+of our home, we were Southern sympathizers, and accordingly
+at times seemed to do everything in their
+power to make us uncomfortable. During those trying
+days I frequently recalled the wise saying of Marechal
+Villars, "Defend me from my friends, I can defend myself
+from my enemies." We noticed, however, a great
+difference in the conduct of the various detachments of
+the Union Army with which we came in contact. We
+always greeted the appearance of the 6th Army Corps with
+much enthusiasm. It was composed of stalwart and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span>
+sturdy veterans of the regular Army; and I trust its survivors
+will accept my humble tribute of respect and esteem.
+Very early in the morning of the day following
+the departure of some members of this corps from <i>Po-ne-sang</i>
+a private appeared at one of our rear doors and inquired
+when the troops had departed. He had been indulging
+in a sound sleep under one of the broken fences
+and was wholly unconscious that his comrades had moved
+away. He hesitated for some minutes as to the course he
+should pursue and then hurried off toward Hagerstown.
+We subsequently learned that he was shot at a point not
+far distant and were impressed anew by the bloody horrors
+attending our Civil War.</p>
+
+<p>General David Hunter made frequent visits to Frederick
+and his approach was regarded with terror by those
+in sympathy with the Southern cause. It was he who
+performed the unpleasant duty of sending persons suspected
+of disloyalty further South, thereby often separating
+families. Many of his victims were elderly people
+and it is difficult for me at this late day to describe the
+amount of distress these orders occasioned. I remember
+one case particularly well, that of Dr. John Thomas
+McGill, a practicing physician who, together with his
+wife, was ordered to proceed immediately. Mrs. McGill
+was in very delicate health and the fright caused
+by such summary proceedings, which by the way were not
+carried out, tremendous Union influences having been
+brought to bear, resulted in death. Many years after the
+war I attended a supper party at the home of Judge and
+Mrs. John Ritchie, when the guests drifted into war reminiscences.
+Dr. McGill was present and, as the conversation
+progressed, he was so overcome by his emotion that
+an apoplectic stroke was feared.</p>
+
+<p>During the numerous visits of the Confederate army to
+Frederick County, General "Joe" Johnston became a
+great favorite and for some time made his headquarters<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span>
+in the city of Frederick. I learned from Colonel William
+Richardson, a beloved citizen of that place, that the General
+was especially solicitous concerning the welfare of
+the men under his command. One day, for example, he
+found one of his soldiers eating raw persimmons and at
+once reproved him for partaking of such unsuitable food.
+The soldier explained that he was adapting his stomach to
+the character of his rations. Although we did not see
+Stonewall Jackson's troops pass on their march to Frederick,
+we were aware of their presence there. Barbara
+Frietchie, whom Whittier has immortalized, lived in a
+small house on West Patrick Street, adjoining Carroll
+Creek, but whether she ever waved a Union flag as Stonewall
+Jackson's men were passing is a question concerning
+which opinions differ. Southern sympathizers deny
+it, while persons of Northern sentiments living in Frederick
+assert that the verses of the Quaker poet represent
+the truth. At any rate, a woman with such a name
+"lived and moved and had her being" in that city. She
+was interred in the burying ground of the German Reformed
+Church, and frequently pilgrimages are made to her
+grave, over which floats a Union flag not far from where</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The clustered spires of Frederick stand<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>I may state, in passing, that it was during the Civil
+War that the word "shoddy" was coined. It was originally
+used to designate a class of inferior goods intended
+for use in the army from the sale of which many fortunes
+were made. Later the word was employed to designate
+those who used such goods; and thus, by extension, one
+heard not only of "shoddy people," but also of "shoddy
+parties," "shoddy clothes," and so on.</p>
+
+<p>We heartily shared in the rejoicings of the North when
+General Lee surrendered. In our country home we had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span>
+lived in an actual condition of camp life so long that at
+its conclusion I remarked to my husband in a jocular vein
+that I was prepared for a life with the Comanches! We
+restored our damaged fences, dug up our silver which had
+been buried many months under a tree in the garden, and
+Mr. Gouverneur began to turn his attention to agriculture.
+Our farm was among the finest in Frederick County, which
+is usually regarded as one of the garden spots of the country.
+Our social relations had been entirely suspended, as
+the distractions attending the war had kept us so actively
+employed; but that was now a past episode and we began
+making pleasant acquaintances from Frederick and the
+surrounding country. Among our first visitors were
+Judge and Mrs. William P. Maulsby; Richard M. Potts and
+his brother, George Potts; Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Trail;
+the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. George Diehl and their daughter
+Marie, who in subsequent years endeared herself to the
+residents of Frederick; Mrs. John McPherson and her
+daughter, Mrs. Worthington Ross; Dr. and Mrs. Fairfax
+Schley; Judge and Mrs. John Ritchie; Mr. and Mrs. Jacob
+M. Kunkel; and the Rev. Marmaduke Dillon-Lee, an Englishman
+who had served in the British Army and at this
+time was the rector of All Saints Episcopal Church in
+Frederick. He had been selected for this pulpit on account
+of his neutral political views and we found in him a
+congenial acquaintance. He remained in Frederick, however,
+for only a short period after the war and was succeeded
+by the deservedly beloved Rev. Dr. Osborne Ingle,
+who, after a pastorate of nearly half a century, recently
+passed to his reward. I can not pass this Godly man by
+without an encomium to his memory. He came to Frederick
+as a very young man and throughout his long rectorship
+he was truly a leader of his flock and, like the
+"Good Shepherd of Old," the sheep knew him and loved
+him.</p>
+
+<p>It did not take long for Mr. Gouverneur and me to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span>
+discover that neither of us was adapted to a country life
+under the conditions prevailing at the close of the War&mdash;so
+very different from those existing in that locality at a
+later period. He knew nothing of practical farming and
+I knew nothing of practical cooking. Although I was
+never entirely without domestic service, as I always had
+with me the Chinese maid whom I had brought from the
+East, we were not fitted, at the best, for such a life. The
+result was that after one winter's experience we made
+<i>Po-ne-sang</i> only our summer home. During the trials
+and tribulations of that distant winter I often recalled a
+remark which Lord Chesterfield is said to have made to
+several persons whom he disliked: "I wish you were married
+and settled in the country." It has even been asserted
+that, in his absentmindedness and excitement incident
+to encountering an infuriated cow, he addressed
+the beast with the same words. This was a favorite anecdote
+of General Scott, and it appealed to me then as
+well as now, as I regard country life a forlorn fate for
+all women excepting possibly those who are endowed with
+large wealth with which to gratify every passing whim.</p>
+
+<p>The primitive life we led at <i>Po-ne-sang</i> was full of annoyances
+and discouragements. For example, we had no
+running water in our house and were supposed to supply
+ourselves from a cistern in the yard which had contracted
+the bad habit of running dry and for inconvenient periods
+remaining so. We were therefore compelled to carry
+all our water from a neighbor's spring at least a quarter
+of a mile away. We tried to remedy this defect by boring
+an artesian well, but all our attempts were unsuccessful.
+Country life was distasteful to cooks as they preferred
+to live in a city where they could make and mingle
+with friends, and I soon learned that if I wanted to keep
+a servant I must hire one who had a baby, and that is
+just what I did. Although country life was distasteful
+to her, too, she took her dose of medicine because she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span>
+could not help herself as no one else would employ her.
+Often these babies were a source of great care to me, as
+their mothers would neglect them&mdash;sometimes from ignorance
+but more frequently from sheer indifference. I
+remember one cook whose baby, owing to the lack of
+proper attention, was actually in danger of starving to
+death. She kept it in a wooden box under a tree in the
+garden, and I was obliged at stated intervals to see that
+the child was fed.</p>
+
+<p>During our summers at <i>Po-ne-sang</i> our servants made
+both hard and soft soap in a large kettle which swung
+from an iron tripod in the yard. They also made apple
+and peach butter, a German marmalade that was highly
+regarded in that section of the country. The apples or
+peaches were allowed to cook slowly all day in a kettle
+suspended from the tripod and were stirred by wooden
+paddles, whose handles were long enough to enable them
+to be worked at a convenient distance from the fire. In
+making this marmalade, cider was regarded as an important
+ingredient and the sugar was seldom added until
+the last. Mr. Gouverneur experimented somewhat in wine
+making. His success was almost phenomenal and we enjoyed
+the fruits of his labor for many years. He used
+Catawba grapes entirely, which were brought to our door
+in wagon-loads by the country folk who surrounded us.</p>
+
+<p>The Maryland mountaineers, as I knew them, were very
+similar in life and character to those in North Carolina,
+of whom more or less has been written the last few years.
+They had peculiar customs as well as quaint modes of action
+and expression, and invented names for things and
+conditions to suit themselves. I remember, for example,
+that when persons showed signs of physical illness and
+the exact nature of their maladies was uncertain they
+were said to have "the gobacks." Frederick County was
+settled by the early Germans and many of their expressions
+are still in vogue. A peach dried whole with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span>
+seed retained is called a <i>hutzel</i>, and dried apples are
+<i>snitz</i>. In this connection I am reminded of a German
+family named House, which resided in Frederick and consisted
+of four maiden sisters. Their means were limited
+and they eked out their living by stamping from original
+designs and taking in plain sewing. Their front door
+was always locked and bolted, and to reach the inmates it
+was necessary to pass through a gate leading into a long
+alley and thence through a scrupulously clean kitchen and
+up the steep and narrow back stairs to a small rear room,
+where sat these four spinsters. The first one who met you
+said, "Good-morning," and the others repeated the salutation
+in turn until the last one was reached, who simply
+said, "Morning." This laughable procedure was followed
+in their subsequent conversation, for one of them had only
+to lead off with a remark and the others repeated the close
+of it. It is said that Crissie, the youngest of the quartette,
+once had a beau with whom she sat each night for
+many years in their prim parlor and that, when he finally
+jilted her, one of her sisters was heard to remark, <i>&agrave;propos</i>
+of the broken engagement: "Just think of all them candles
+wasted!"</p>
+
+<p>The second winter of our Maryland life was spent at a
+hotel in Frederick where we formed a lasting friendship
+with our fellow boarders, Judge and Mrs. John A. Lynch.
+With my historical as well as social tastes, I found the
+McPherson household a source of great pleasure and intellectual
+profit to me. I knew Mrs. "Fanny" McPherson,
+as she was invariably called, only as an elderly
+woman who retained all the graces and charms of youth.
+To listen to her tales of bygone days was a pleasure upon
+which I even yet delight to dwell. She lived to a very
+great age surrounded by her children, her grandchildren
+and her great-grandchildren, and went to her grave beloved
+by all. She was the granddaughter of Thomas Johnson,
+the first Governor of Maryland. I remember read<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span>ing
+on one occasion a letter which she took great pride in
+showing me, written to her grandfather by Washington,
+offering him the position of Secretary of State in his cabinet.
+This flattering offer he declined, but to him is said
+to belong the honor of having nominated Washington as
+Commander in Chief of the Army.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. McPherson was nearly related to Mrs. John Quincy
+Adams, who was Louisa Catharine Johnson of this same
+Maryland family, and, as she was an occasional visitor at
+the White House during her relative's residence there, she
+mingled with many prominent people. I recall a weird
+story she once told me in connection with a daughter of
+Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy under President
+Monroe. It seems she married the Viscount Paul Alfred
+de Bresson, the third Secretary of the French Embassy
+in Washington, and subsequently many elaborate entertainments
+were given in her honor in Washington.
+She returned with her husband to Europe and several
+months later her family received the announcement of
+her death. As they had only recently received a letter
+from her, when apparently she was in the best of health
+and spirits, they felt somewhat skeptical and wrote at
+once for more definite information. A few weeks later a
+package reached them containing her heart preserved in
+alcohol. Mrs. McPherson's older daughter, Mrs. Worthington
+Ross, lived with her mother and ministered with
+loving hands to her wants in her old age, while the remainder
+of her life was devoted to unselfish labor in her
+Master's vineyard. Her memory, as well as that of her
+only child, Fanny McPherson Ross, who passed onward
+and upward before her, is still revered in Frederick.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gouverneur and I also formed a pleasant acquaintance
+with Rev. Dr. John McElroy, whose remarkable career
+in the Catholic Church is well worthy of notice. Coming
+to this country as a mere lad, he engaged in mercantile
+pursuits in Georgetown, D.C., and when about sixteen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span>
+years of age became a lay Jesuit and in 1817 entered the
+priesthood. After ministering to Trinity church in
+Georgetown for several years, he was transferred, at the
+request of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, to Frederick,
+where he built St. John's church, a college, an academy,
+an orphan asylum, and the first free school in the city.
+After remaining there for twenty-three years and establishing
+a reputation for devotion to his church and rare
+executive ability that made him one of the most useful
+Jesuits in the country, he was sent back to his old church
+in Georgetown and the following year went to the Mexican
+War as Chaplain in the regiment commanded by
+Caleb Cushing. During our occasional conversations it
+seemed to afford him more than usual pleasure to discuss
+with me the ability of his distinguished military chief.
+After the war he was sent to Boston, where he became
+pastor of St. Mary's church, and built the Boston College
+and the Church of the Immaculate Conception. At the
+age of ninety, he became blind and retired to the scene
+of his early labors in Frederick, where, as the oldest Jesuit
+in the world, he died in the fall of 1877. I remember
+meeting him one day on the street when he proudly
+announced that it was his birthday and that he was
+sixty-nine years of age. I knew him to be much older,
+and my words of astonishment evidently revived his senses
+for, realizing that he had reversed his figures, he corrected
+himself by adding, "I mean ninety-six." At that
+time he was quite active, considering his extreme age, and
+to the close of his life was much respected and beloved
+by the residents of Frederick, irrespective of creed. I
+attended his funeral and he was laid to rest in the burying
+ground of the old Novitiate which he founded. It
+was then that I saw for the first time the grave of Chief
+Justice Roger B. Taney. The two-story brick house in
+Frederick in which he lived is still standing, but it would
+be regarded with contempt by any of the present Justices<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span>
+of the Supreme Court of the United States. But how
+natural, for how changed are the times! In an eloquent
+address subsequent to Taney's death, Charles O'Conor
+concluded with these words: "May the future historian
+in writing of Judge Roger B. Taney sorrowfully add,
+<i>Ultimus Romanorum</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Star-Spangled
+Banner," is also buried in Frederick soil. For many
+years his remains reposed in an unnoticed grave in Mount
+Olivet Cemetery but, through the efforts of the citizens of
+Frederick, and especially of its women, an imposing monument
+now towers above him surmounted by a superb male
+figure with outstretched arms. While living in Maryland
+I frequently met Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase at the
+residence of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough, and was much
+impressed by his imposing presence and courtly bearing.
+Many years before, he had been a tutor in the Frederick
+College, which still survives and whose walls bear the inscription
+"1797." Mrs. Goldsborough was a lifelong resident
+of Frederick and a woman of a high degree of intelligence.
+Her daughter, Miss Mary Catharine Goldsborough,
+I always numbered among my most cherished
+friends.</p>
+
+<p>After a pleasant sojourn of a number of months in
+Frederick, we went to spend the summer at <i>Po-ne-sang</i>,
+where we had the satisfaction of entertaining quite a number
+of old friends, among whom was the Hon. Lafayette
+S. Foster, then Vice-President <i>pro tempore</i> of the United
+States. Maryland was a familiar as well as a cherished
+State to him, as in early life he had been a tutor in Centerville
+on the "Eastern Shore." Mr. Foster's visit was
+decidedly uneventful to him, as he was there entirely unheralded
+and without even a newspaper notice to announce
+his coming and going.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XIV</h2>
+
+<h3>VISIT TO THE FAR SOUTH AND RETURN TO
+WASHINGTON</h3>
+
+
+<p>In the autumn of the same year I decided to make a
+long anticipated visit to Mrs. John Still Winthrop in
+Tallahassee, whose marriage in Gramercy Park I
+had attended so many years ago and which I have already
+described. My two younger children accompanied me,
+but my oldest daughter I left behind under her father's
+protecting care at the Misses Vernon's boarding school in
+Frederick. This period seemed especially suitable for
+such a long absence, as the whole time and attention of
+Mr. Gouverneur was engrossed in editing for publication
+a posthumous work of James Monroe, which was subsequently
+published by the Lippincotts under the title,
+"The People the Sovereigns." We sailed from New York
+and stopped <i>en route</i> in Savannah to enable me to see my
+old friend and schoolmate, Mrs. William Neyle Habersham.
+Sherman in his "March to the Sea" had passed
+through Georgia, carrying with him destruction and devastation,
+and the suffering which this and other campaigns
+of the war had brought into the homes of these Southern
+people it would be difficult to describe. The whole South
+seemed to be shrouded in mourning, as nearly everyone
+I met had given up to the "Lost Cause" a husband or
+a son, and in some cases both. Two gallant sons of the
+Habershams, mere boys, had died upon the same battlefield,
+and when I saw Mr. Habersham for the first time
+after the war he was so overcome with grief that he was
+obliged to leave the room. Talented to an unusual degree
+and possessing much fortitude, his wife fought bravely for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span>
+the sake of her dear ones still spared her, but every now
+and then her sorrow asserted itself anew and seemed more
+than her bleeding soul could bear. She was especially
+gifted with her pen, and about ten years after the war,
+while her heart was still wrung with grief, she wrote the
+following pathetic lines:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Up above, the Pines make sweet music; sad, plaintive,
+for must there not be a tone of "infinite sadness" in all
+the places of Earth's finite gladness? From a spray of
+jessamine I hear the chirp of a little bird&mdash;a young beginner;
+it tries over and over again "its one plain passage of
+few notes"&mdash;the prelude to the full-voice anthem which
+summer will harmonize. Ah! what shades and sunlight!
+what coloring! Green in the grass and trees, blue in the
+violets and sky, gray in the moss, yellow in the jessamines,
+falling around in a perfect Dan&aelig;an shower of burnished
+gold! My truant fancy sees all this&mdash;and more! A dear
+hand that held mine, a "pure hand," a boy's hand, that
+ere many summers had spread out their gorgeous pageantry
+had drawn the sword for that dear summer-land
+of the jessamine and pine&mdash;had drawn the sword and
+dropped it; dropped it from the earnest, vigorous clasp
+of glorious young manhood to lie still and calm, life's
+duty nobly done; ah, a short young life but ... and
+then the other young soldier! for is not my sorrow a twin
+sorrow? Can they be dissevered? In death they were
+not divided. My eyes grow dim. Wipe away the mist,
+poor mother! to see the dear faces of sons and daughters
+gracing the board. Let the blue of the violets breathe to
+thee rather of endless skies and an eternal Heaven, where
+earth's finite sadness is beautified into infinite gladness.</p></div>
+
+<p>We finally reached Tallahassee, where we found the
+most cordial welcome awaiting us. Mrs. Winthrop lived
+in the very heart of the city but our surroundings were
+much more beautiful than I can describe, for the orange
+trees and hyacinths and jessamine in full bloom and other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span>
+wealth of semi-tropical vegetation were suggestive of an
+earthly Paradise. Since we last met my hostess had become
+a widow, but fortunately she and her only son, who
+was then just emerging into manhood, had not felt the
+personal vicissitudes of the struggle, as they had taken
+refuge in the mountains of North Carolina. Before the
+war the Winthrops had owned hundreds of slaves and
+most of them, in a state of freedom, were still living in
+quarters only a short distance from the house and were
+working on her plantations just as though the war had
+not made them free. But both among those who suffered
+from the war and those who escaped its ravages the unfriendly
+feeling entertained at this time against their
+Northern brethren was naturally intense. I remember
+that one Sunday morning a young son of Mrs. Custis,
+who with his mother was then an inmate of the Winthrop
+household, asked his mother, who had just returned from
+the early service of the Episcopal Church, whether "the
+'Yankees' went up to the same communion table with the
+Southern people."</p>
+
+<p>During my Tallahassee life I made the acquaintance of
+Madame Achill&eacute; Murat, who lived in an old mansion outside
+of the city limits. She was Miss Catharine A. Willis
+of Virginia, and a great-grandniece of General Washington.
+Upon her marriage to Achill&eacute; Murat he took her abroad,
+where she was received with much distinction on account
+of her Washington blood. Then, too, her marriage into
+such an illustrious French family was an open sesame
+to the most exclusive circles of society. She was an elderly
+woman when I met her, but her conversation
+abounded with the most interesting reminiscences of her
+life in France. She died in the summer of 1867.
+Achill&eacute; Murat was the son of Joachim Murat, the great
+Marshal of Napoleon, whose sister Caroline he married
+and became King of Naples. Many years later his two
+sons came to this country. One of them settled in Borden<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span>town
+in New Jersey, and Achill&eacute; Murat, after his marriage
+to his Virginia bride, became a resident of Florida.
+Madame Murat told me of some of the visits she made to
+France when the voyage was long and tedious. She had
+many articles of <i>vertu</i> around her, and I especially recall
+a superb marble bust by Canova of her mother-in-law,
+Queen Caroline. I expressed surprise at the extreme attractiveness
+of the late Queen, as I had always understood
+that the Princess Pauline, Napoleon's other sister, was the
+family beauty. Madame Murat, however, told me I was
+mistaken and that her royal mother-in-law was, in that
+respect, quite the equal of her sister.</p>
+
+<p>During my acquaintance with Madame Murat, Napoleon
+III. was on the throne of France, and I learned from
+our many friendly chats that her relations with her distinguished
+kinspeople were of the most cordial character;
+and I am informed that for many years the Emperor gave
+her an annuity. Hanging in her drawing-room, whose contents
+were replete with historic association, were two handsome
+portraits of the Emperor and Empress of France,
+which she called to my attention as recent gifts from her
+royal relatives. That prince of hosts, Gouverneur Kemble,
+once told me an amusing incident <i>&agrave;propos</i> of Achill&eacute;
+Murat's resourcefulness under peculiar difficulties. On
+one occasion quite a number of foreign guests appeared at
+the Frenchman's door and, although Florida is a land
+"flowing with milk and honey," he was sorely perplexed
+to know what would be "toothsome and succulent" to
+serve for their repast. Suddenly an idea flashed upon
+him. He owned a large flock of sheep and, nothing
+daunted, gave immediate orders to have the tips of their
+ears cut off. These were served in due form, and his
+guests departed in total ignorance of what they had eaten
+but fully convinced that America produced the choicest
+of viands.</p>
+
+<p>Upon one of her numerous visits to France, Madame<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span>
+Murat was accompanied to the Louvre by Mr. Francis Porteus
+Corbin, a Virginian whose contemporaries proudly asserted
+was an adornment to any court. While they were
+engaged in viewing the works of art, Madame Murat was
+joined by Jerome Bonaparte, to whom she formally presented
+Mr. Corbin. When the opportunity arose Bonaparte
+inquired of his kinswoman who "the elegant gentleman"
+was. The ready response was: "Mr. Corbin, of
+Virginia." "Well," was the ejaculation, "I had no idea
+there was so much elegance in America."</p>
+
+<p>I think these pages will show that all through life I
+have had a decided fancy for older men and women. I
+can hardly account for this taste except by the fact that
+my predilections have always been of a decidedly historical
+character. As another instance, I especially enjoyed
+my meeting in the far South with Judge Thomas Randall,
+who made his home in Tallahassee, but who was originally
+from Annapolis. He did not allow advanced years
+to interfere with his social tastes, but frequently accompanied
+us to parties, where his vivacity rendered him one
+of the most acceptable of guests. Still another elderly
+gentleman with whom I had the pleasure of becoming acquainted
+during this Southern sojourn was Francis
+Wayles Eppes. He was the son of U.S. Senator John
+Wayles Eppes, whose wife was Maria Jefferson, elder
+daughter of Thomas Jefferson. He left Virginia many
+years prior to my acquaintance with him and settled with
+several members of the Randolph family in Western
+Florida when it was almost a wilderness.</p>
+
+<p>I left with keen regret this picturesque land of flowers
+and stately oaks, but duty called me home, as my husband
+and little daughter were growing impatient over our long
+absence. It would seem that the observance of timetables
+differed in those days according to localities and
+other circumstances. I was informed that the train I
+should take from Tallahassee would leave <i>about</i> such and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span>
+such a time; but upon my inquiring in Savannah as to
+whether the ship upon which I proposed to embark for
+Baltimore would leave on time, I was explicitly told by its
+captain that if I were a minute late I should not be one
+of its passengers.</p>
+
+<p>After my return to Maryland, the home of our adoption,
+we abandoned the idea of country life, sold our residence
+and took up our abode in Frederick. My children
+were now reaching an age when education became an important
+matter and I took advantage of the Frederick
+Female Seminary, an institution that has since become a
+college, as an excellent place to which to send my eldest
+daughter. It was during this period of transition that it
+was my good fortune to meet for the first time the wife of
+the Hon. Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia, who
+was a native of Frederick and a daughter of Gideon
+Bantz. Her two older daughters, Hallie, the widow of
+U.S. Senator Stephen B. Elkins, and Kate, who subsequently
+became the wife of Robert M. G. Brown of the
+U.S. Navy, were boarding pupils at the same school; and
+Mrs. Davis frequently visited them while there. My
+daughters formed an intimate friendship with Mrs.
+Brown, whom at a later day we often welcomed as a guest
+in our Washington home. She has since passed "over the
+river," having survived her mother for only a few months,
+and her memory is hallowed in my family circle. Mrs.
+Elkins, the promising young girl of so many years ago, is
+widely known in Washington and elsewhere for her
+womanly tact, intelligence and fine presence. Grace, another
+of Mrs. Davis' daughters, is now Mrs. Arthur Lee
+of Washington, but was born after my earlier acquaintance
+with her mother in Frederick. Loved and admired,
+she resides in Washington surrounded by an exclusive
+coterie, and devotes much of her time and means to works
+of philanthropy.</p>
+
+<p>The prominent authoress, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Ellet, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span>
+repeatedly our guest while we were living in Frederick.
+A volume of her poems had appeared as early as 1835,
+and she subsequently published quite a number of books
+which were highly regarded. When she first came to
+visit us, her "Women of the American Revolution" had
+just appeared and her journey to Maryland was for the
+purpose of collecting data for a new work which later was
+published under the title of "The Court Circles of the
+Republic." Besides being a gifted writer, Mrs. Ellet had
+considerable histrionic ability, and I have now before me
+an old newspaper clipping containing an account of an
+entertainment given by me in her honor when she recited
+from "Pickwick Papers", "Widow Bedott" and "The Lost
+Heir." Another party at which music and recitations
+were a prominent feature was given to Mrs. Ellet in Frederick
+by Mrs. Charles E. Trail, a gifted woman who thoroughly
+appreciated intellectual accomplishments wherever
+found.</p>
+
+<p>My first acquaintance with the Hon. Joseph Holt, who
+at the time was Judge Advocate General of the Army, began
+in Frederick in 1869. He was a Kentuckian by birth
+and, after serving for a time as Postmaster General under
+President Buchanan, succeeded, in 1860, John B. Floyd
+of Virginia as Secretary of War. He made frequent
+visits to Frederick where he was always the guest of the
+Rev. Dr. and Mrs. George Diehl. He was a typical Kentuckian,
+over six feet tall, and in my opinion no one could
+have known him well without being impressed by his intellectual
+ability. After we returned to Washington
+to live, in 1873, Judge Holt was a constant visitor at our
+home and I frequently attended handsome entertainments
+given in his residence on Capitol Hill. Although I have
+been in society more or less all of my life, I can say without
+hesitancy that he more perfectly understood and practiced
+the art of entertaining&mdash;it certainly <i>is</i> an art, and
+possessed by but few&mdash;than any other person I have ever<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span>
+known. His second wife, who was Miss Margaret Anderson
+Wickliffe of Kentucky, had died in 1860 and, as he
+had no children, he was living entirely alone.</p>
+
+<p>From my earliest acquaintance with Judge Holt I was
+deeply impressed by the cloud of sadness that seemed to
+envelop him, and I never learned until I had known him
+many years and really called him my friend that he was
+laboring under a deep sense of wrong and injustice.
+Without entering into exhaustive details, the main facts
+are substantially these: In 1865 Mr. Holt was Judge Advocate
+General of the Army and as such was the prosecuting
+officer before the Military Commission convened by
+order of President Johnson for the trial of Mrs. Mary E.
+Surratt and others for complicity in the assassination of
+Lincoln. The findings and sentence of the Commission were
+accompanied by a recommendation signed by a majority
+of its members in which they "respectfully pray the President,
+in consideration of the sex and age of the said Mary
+E. Surratt, if he can, upon all the facts in the case, find
+it consistent with his sense of duty to the country, to
+commute the sentence of death, which the Court have been
+constrained to pronounce, to imprisonment in the penitentiary
+for life." This recommendation for executive
+clemency remained unknown to the public until it was incidentally
+referred to by the Hon. Edwards Pierrepont,
+counsel for the government in the trial of Mrs. Surratt's
+son in 1867. This was followed in subsequent years, and
+after Andrew Johnson had ceased to be President, by a
+controversy in which reflections were made upon the personal
+and official integrity of Judge Holt by the charge
+that he had never presented the recommendation for
+clemency to the President. The matter finally sifted itself
+down to a question of personal veracity between the
+ex-President and Judge Holt, in which the latter affirmed
+that "he drew the President's attention specially to the
+recommendation in favor of Mrs. Surratt, which he read<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span>
+and freely commented on"; and was contradicted by the
+ex-President in the assertion that "in acting upon her
+case no recommendation for a commutation of her punishment
+was mentioned or submitted to me."</p>
+
+<p>The enemies of Holt accordingly held him indirectly
+responsible for Mrs. Surratt's execution, and against such
+a charge he naturally rebelled until the day of his death.
+The most cruel feature of the whole affair, however, and
+the one which probably did more than anything else to
+sadden and becloud the remaining days of Judge Holt's
+life, was the personal disloyalty of an eminent citizen
+of his own State, who had been his intimate friend
+from youth. I refer to James Speed, Andrew Johnson's
+Attorney General. In 1883, after most of the prominent
+actors in the scene were dead and the animosities caused
+by the controversy were largely allayed&mdash;at a time, too,
+when Holt realized that he was growing old and recognized
+more keenly than ever the importance of leaving behind
+a final refutation of the calumnies that had been
+heaped upon him&mdash;he appealed to Speed, who, he believed
+he had reason to assume was in possession of the exact
+facts of the case; but all that could be wrung from him
+were evasive words to the effect that he saw the petition
+for clemency in the President's office, without intimating
+whether it was before or after Mrs. Surratt's execution,
+and that he did not "feel at liberty to speak of what was
+said at cabinet meetings." An exchange of letters followed
+between the two in which Speed excused himself for six
+months on the pleas of bereavement and press of business,
+and that he had lost his glasses, when he finally replied:&mdash;"After
+very mature and deliberate consideration,
+I have come to the conclusion that I cannot say more than
+I have said." It is no wonder, then, that Holt, driven to
+desperation by such treatment, wrote to Speed:&mdash;"Your
+forbearance towards Andrew Johnson, of whose dishonorable
+conduct you have been so well advised, is a great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span>
+mystery to me. With the stench of his baseness in your
+nostrils you have been all tenderness for him, while for me ...
+you have been as implacable as fate."</p>
+
+<p>While spending the summer of 1888 in Princeton,
+Massachusetts, I read in the <i>North American Review</i> for
+July of the same year the correspondence relating to the
+Surratt question between Holt and Speed in 1883. Knowing
+Judge Holt as I did, having firm faith in his version
+of the controversy, believing him to be a victim of gross
+injustice and realizing withal how keenly through all
+these years he had felt the sting of misrepresentation, I
+wrote him a lengthy letter. It was not long before I received
+his reply, and I copy it here, as I believe it casts
+an additional sidelight upon a subject which caused this
+brilliant and high-minded gentleman bitter suffering from
+which he never wholly recovered. I add several more letters
+written to me by him which are beautiful in expression
+but pathetic in character.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, August 26th, 1888.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. M. Gouverneur,</p>
+
+<p>My dear Madam:</p>
+
+<p>Your kind letter of the 14th instant was quite a surprise,
+but a very agreeable one I assure you. My reply has been
+thus long delayed from an impression that it would probably
+more certainly reach your hands if addressed to you at
+Frederick.</p>
+
+<p>I have read and re-read your letter with increasing gratification
+and thankfulness. Truly am I grateful for the
+friendly spirit that prompted you to make so thorough an
+examination of the Speed correspondence as your <i>r&eacute;sum&eacute;</i>
+of it discloses. That <i>r&eacute;sum&eacute;</i> is in every way admirable.
+It has the clearness and logical force of a first-class lawyer's
+brief. Indeed, I was on the point of asserting that
+you have a good lawyer's head on your shoulders, but
+prefer saying that you have a head which obeying the inspirations
+of your heart enables you to discern and <i>appreciate</i>
+the truth and extricate it, as well, from the entangle<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span>ments
+of chicanery and fraud. Be assured, my dear
+Madam, that I shall treasure up your letter fondly, at
+once as a consolation and as a powerful support of the endeavors
+which I have been making for years to rescue my
+name from the obloquy of an accusation, than which nothing
+falser or fouler ever fell from the lips of men or devils.</p>
+
+<p>It was a severe shock for my faith in human nature
+when General Speed&mdash;with whom I had maintained relations
+of cordial friendship for some fifty years&mdash;suddenly
+allowed himself to become a compliant coadjutor of Andrew
+Johnson in his diabolical plot to destroy me. The
+<i>r&ocirc;le</i> of suppressing the truth, which he voluntarily assumed
+for himself and in which&mdash;without explanation or
+defense&mdash;he persisted down to his grave, amounted fully
+to this and to nothing less. Yet during all of that time
+he <i>knew</i> me to be innocent, as well as I myself knew and
+know it, and this he never denied. Alas, Alas! what a
+masquerade is human life, and amid its heady currents
+how rarely do we pause to think of the possibilities that
+lurk under the disguise of its spotless reputations!</p>
+
+<p>I should be rejoiced to hear that the Summer has strewed
+flowers and only flowers on the paths of your "outing,"
+and that you will be able to return to Washington glad
+of heart and reinvigorated for the social duties in which
+you find and bestow so much pleasure. For my own isolated
+and infirm life home was thought to be the best
+place, and hence I have remained here happily finding
+under my own roof a contentment that has left me without
+envy of those whose more fortunate feet have sought
+the seashore and the mountain slopes. You yourself, however,
+acted wisely and well in going away, since the world
+is still pressing to <i>your</i> lips the sparkling cups, which for
+my own are now but a dim, receding memory.</p>
+
+<p>I congratulate you on Miss Rose's approaching marriage
+which you have been so good as to announce, and
+sincerely hope that all the bright visions which the coming
+event must be awakening will have an abounding fulfilment.
+The invitation with which you have honored me
+is accepted with thanks, and I shall attend the ceremony<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span>
+with the higher gratification, realizing as I shall how
+closely your own happiness is bound up with that of your
+daughter.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Faithfully and gratefully your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, Nov. 3d, 1888.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p>
+
+<p>I am in receipt of your very welcome letter of the 1st
+instant and hasten to send the "Index" as requested.
+Hope it may be of service in illustrating and supporting
+your application. I shall preserve the Admiral's [Rear
+Admiral Francis A. Roe, U.S.N.] emphatic words as a
+cherished testimonial. The language of Mrs. Stanard is
+also very grateful to me. Her favorable opinion is the
+more prized and precious because she has known me so
+long and so well.</p>
+
+<p>And now, my dear good friend, how can I sufficiently
+thank you for your generous interest in this trouble of
+mine&mdash;which has been a thorn in my life for so many
+years&mdash;and for your surpassingly kind offices which have
+been so effectively exercised in connection with it? Be
+assured that while my poor words cannot adequately express
+it, my heart will always throb with gratitude for the
+tokens of good will with which you have so honored and
+gladdened me.</p>
+
+<p>I feel much complimented by so early a receipt of the
+invitation to Miss Rose's wedding, and I shall have great
+joy in being present.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Faithfully yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, D.C., January 21st, 1891.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p>
+
+<p>I regret to be obliged to acknowledge the receipt of your
+welcome letter by the hand of another, owing to the con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span>dition
+of my eyes. For many weeks their inflammation
+has prevented me from reading or writing, and I fear that
+this condition will continue for a good while to come. So
+soon as I am able to do so I will either write or have the
+pleasure of calling on you. In the meanwhile believe
+me most grateful for your letter which, however, has been
+but imperfectly read. The darkened chambers of my life
+never had more need than at present of the sunshine
+which your sympathizing letters have always brought me.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington, D.C.</span>, Jan. 26th, 1893.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p>
+
+<p>Your last two letters have been received and I thank
+you heartily for them. As tokens of your continued
+friendly remembrance they are precious to me. I am
+much obliged for the privilege of reading the letter of
+Mrs. Vance [Mrs. Zebulon B. Vance], which is herewith
+returned. It is another of the many indications I have
+had of the subtle and wide spread circulation given to the
+Johnson-Speed calumny to which you refer. It seems to
+me that the poison is beyond the reach of any human antidote,
+and that I must look to God alone for shelter from
+it. Your generous and effective good offices in this matter,
+so deeply affecting my reputation and happiness, have
+filled my heart with an enduring gratitude.</p>
+
+<p>Your unflagging solicitudes, too, for my poor waning life
+have much added to that debt of gratitude, great as it was
+and is. Let the good Lord be praised for ever and ever
+that spirits such as yours have been born into the world.</p>
+
+<p>I am obliged to address you in this brief and unsatisfactory
+manner by the hand of another. After two years
+and a half of continued treatment I have as yet received
+no relief whatever, nor do the eminent physicians who
+have treated me afford me any encouragement for the
+future. While the world feasts, it is evident that <i>my</i> lot is
+and must be <i>ashes</i> for <i>bread</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Hoping that you are drinking yourself freely from the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span>
+fountain of happiness you open for others, I remain</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington, D.C.</span>, April 12, 1893.</p>
+
+<p>My dear good friend:</p>
+
+<p>I regret much to be obliged to communicate with you
+by the hand of another, but my poor life seems to be fixed
+by fate on the down grade, and at present there is no encouragement
+to believe that the future has anything better
+in store for me.</p>
+
+<p>I send you a number of the North American Review
+containing the correspondence to which you refer between
+General Speed and myself. In it there is also a detached
+printed letter of Colonel Brown which is important. And
+I must ask that both this letter and the number of the
+Review be carefully preserved and after their perusal by
+your friend be returned to me, as I have no other copies
+and wish to preserve these. I am sorry that the sad circumstances
+of my condition prevent me from thanking
+you in person for your continued interest in my reputation
+which has been so basely assailed, but I trust as triumphantly
+vindicated.</p>
+
+<p>I thank you sincerely for what you have said of Mrs.
+Kearny. It would be a great gratification to me to have
+an interview with her on the long, long ago, but this is a
+pleasure which I now have no encouragement to promise
+myself.</p>
+
+<p>Believe me most grateful for the repeated calls and inquiries
+as to my health which you have been so good as to
+make. Such calls are precious fountains of consolation
+that will not go dry.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely your friend,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div>
+
+<p>It has been asserted upon high authority that after the
+conviction and sentence of Mrs. Surratt her daughter
+Anna, as well as Catholic priests and prominent men in
+Washington, attempted to see the President in order to intercede
+for executive clemency in her behalf, but were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span>
+denied admission by Preston King, Collector of the Port
+of New York and then a guest at the White House, and by
+U.S. Senator James Lane of Kansas. It has also been
+said that Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas succeeded in reaching
+the President by pushing herself past the guards, but her
+attempts in behalf of the condemned woman were fruitless.</p>
+
+<p>I knew Preston King very well and his political career
+interested me deeply. He was from St. Lawrence County,
+New York, and in my girlhood I often heard it asserted
+that the mantle of Silas Wright had fallen upon him. I
+saw much of him in 1849 when I was visiting the Scotts
+in Washington, and was particularly impressed by his exceptionally
+sensitive nature. General Scott once told me
+that at one period of his military career he was ordered
+to quell a disturbance between Canadians and Americans
+near Ogdensburg, the home of Mr. King, and that the
+latter was so seriously affected by the scenes he witnessed
+at that time that it was long before he recovered his
+normal condition of mind. During President Johnson's
+administration Mr. King, while Collector of the Port of
+New York, boarded a Jersey City ferry boat one morning,
+attached weights to his person and jumped into the river.
+When the news of his death reached me I was not surprised
+as I had seen evidences of his nervous temperament
+which might well result in acts indicative of an
+unbalanced mind. He was a man of big heart and exceptional
+ability, and in his death the State of New York lost
+one of her most gifted and distinguished sons.</p>
+
+<p>The Frederick County agricultural fairs, as far back
+as my memory of that quaint Maryland town goes, have
+always been a feature of special interest not only to the
+farmers of that productive region but also from a social
+point of view. In bygone days some of the most distinguished
+men of the nation made addresses at these "cattle
+shows," as they were called by the country folk. I recall
+the visit of President Grant on one of these occasions when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span>
+he was the guest of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough. He
+was accompanied by General Sherman and made a brief
+address. The evening of the day these distinguished
+guests arrived Mrs. Goldsborough gave a dinner in their
+honor, which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. The entertainment
+was served in the style then prevalent among old
+Maryland families in that vicinity, the <i>pi&egrave;ces de resistance</i>
+being chicken, fried to perfection, at one end of the table
+together with an old ham on the opposite end. To these
+were added "side trimmings," enough to almost bury the
+table under their weight. President Grant was then filling
+his first term as Chief Executive of the nation and,
+although Mr. Gouverneur had known him in Mexico, it
+was my first glimpse of the distinguished man. As a
+whole we were a merry party, but Grant was a reticent
+guest. General Sherman, however, as usual made up for
+all deficiencies in this line, and as he sat next to me I
+found him to be a highly agreeable conversationalist.
+This dinner party proved a great social success and at its
+conclusion a number of prominent citizens called to pay
+their respects to the guests of honor.</p>
+
+<p>The next year Horace Greeley was the orator of the day
+at the Frederick fair, and it fell to our lot to entertain
+him. He wrote the following letter to my husband:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">New York Tribune</span>, New York, Oct. 1, 1871.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>I expect to be duly on hand to fulfil my engagement to
+speak at your County Fair and to stop with you, if that
+shall be agreeable to those who have invited me. Will
+you please see Mr. C. H. Keefer who invites me and say
+to him that I am subject to his order and, with his consent,
+I shall gladly accept your invitation.</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Yours,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Horace Greeley</span>.</p>
+
+<p>
+S. L. Gouverneur, Esq.,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Frederick, Maryland.</p>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>As Mr. Greeley about this time was appearing upon
+the political horizon as a prospective presidential candidate,
+much interest was naturally centered in his visit.
+His appearance was decidedly interesting. He was of
+the blond type, past middle life and in dress anything but
+<i>&agrave; la mode</i>. I am no student of physiognomy, but if the
+question had been asked I should have said that his most
+prominent trait of character was benevolence. He wore
+during this memorable visit the characteristic white hat,
+miniature imitations of which during his presidential candidacy
+became a campaign badge. I am the fortunate possessor
+of two of these souvenirs. They are made of white
+metal and are attached to brown ribbons, the color of the
+latter standing for B. Gratz Brown, the candidate for
+Vice-President upon the Greeley ticket.</p>
+
+<p>This visit was the pleasing forerunner of a sincere
+friendship between my husband and Horace Greeley. In
+our intimate association of a few days we recognized as
+never before his conscientious purpose and intellectual
+power, and Mr. Gouverneur was so deeply impressed by
+his remarkable ability and sterling character that later in
+the same year he started a newspaper in Frederick, which
+he called <i>The Maryland Herald</i>, with a view of advocating
+his nomination for the Presidency. My husband had
+never before been especially interested in politics, but he
+now entered the political arena with all the enthusiasm
+of his intense nature, and, at a mass meeting in Frederick,
+was chosen a delegate to the National Liberal Republican
+Convention in Cincinnati, which resulted in the nomination
+of Greeley and Brown. Although this party was
+largely composed of Republicans who had become dissatisfied
+with the Grant administration, it will be remembered
+that its candidates were subsequently endorsed by
+the Democratic party at its convention in Baltimore, and
+that the fusion of such hitherto discordant political elements
+added exceptional interest to the subsequent cam<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span>paign.
+The venerable Thomas Jefferson Randolph, grandson
+of the author of the Declaration of Independence, although
+he had reached the advanced age of eighty years,
+was chosen as the temporary chairman of the Baltimore
+Convention. The proceedings of the Cincinnati delegates
+were replete with interest and the enthusiasm was intense.
+During the uproarious demonstration in the convention
+hall, immediately following Greeley's nomination, Mr.
+Gouverneur's friend, John Cochrane of New York, of whom
+I have spoken elsewhere, in the excitement of the moment
+gave expression to his delight in an Indian war dance,
+and other usual scenes of boyish hilarity prevailed.</p>
+
+<p>My husband's paper had been the first of the Maryland
+press, and long before the Convention, to place the name
+of Greeley at the head of its columns, but others
+followed, and for a time the movement, both in that
+State and elsewhere, appeared to gain strength and to assume
+formidable proportions. Subsequent events, however,
+proved that it would have been better if the newborn
+babe had been strangled at its birth, as it was destined to
+enjoy but a brief and precarious existence. Although the
+movement commanded the support of the united Democracy
+and enlisted the active sympathies of able men from
+the Republican ranks&mdash;such as Carl Schurz, Whitelaw
+Reid, Charles A. Dana, Charles Francis Adams, Lyman
+Trumbull, David Davis, Andrew G. Curtin and many
+more&mdash;the voice of the people pronounced for Grant, and
+in the latter part of the same month that witnessed his
+defeat, poor Greeley died of a broken heart!</p>
+
+<p>Greeley's defeat was a severe blow to Mr. Gouverneur.
+As the member from Maryland of the national committee
+of the Liberal Republican Party, he had engaged in the
+contest with his characteristic ardor, and his strenuous
+but unsuccessful efforts had made inroads upon his health
+that he could but ill afford. Under the circumstances, a
+change of scene and employment seemed highly expedient,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span>
+and we accordingly decided to break up our attractive
+home in Frederick and return to Washington, where so
+much of Mr. Gouverneur's life had been spent and where
+I, too, had so many pleasant associations. It was in the
+summer of 1873 that this plan was consummated, and we
+began our second Washington life in a house which we
+bought on Corcoran Street, near Fourteenth Street. It
+was one of a row of dwellings built as an investment by
+the late George W. Riggs, the distinguished banker, and
+was in a portion of the city which still abounded in vacant
+lots. Houses in our vicinity were so widely scattered
+that we had an almost uninterrupted view of that part of
+the District boundary which is now Florida Avenue. As
+these were the days of horse cars, it was my habit to stand
+in my vestibule and wait for a car, as I could see it approaching
+a long distance off, although we lived half a
+block from the route, which was on Fourteenth Street.
+The entire northwestern section of the city, which is now a
+semi-palatial region, was also, at that time, largely a sea of
+vacant lots. The only house on Dupont Circle was "Stewart
+Castle," and the fashionable part of the city was still
+that portion below Pennsylvania Avenue, bounded on the
+east by Seventeenth Street, although the general trend
+in the erection of fine residences was towards the northwest.
+Many of the streets were not paved, but the <i>r&eacute;gime</i>
+of Alexander R. Shepherd, familiarly called "Boss
+Shepherd," changed all of this, and the work of grading
+commenced. It was a trying ordeal for property owners,
+as it left many houses high in the air and others below the
+customary grade, while many from the ranks of the poorer
+classes, unable to meet the necessary assessments, were
+forced to part with their homes. In the course of several
+years, however, the situation righted itself. Cellars were
+dug and English basements became prevalent, and it is
+only occasionally that one now sees a house far above the
+level of the street. We sometimes hear the praises of Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span>
+Shepherd sung, and without a doubt he made Washington
+the beautiful city it is to-day, but he accomplished it only
+at a tremendous cost&mdash;the sacrifice of many homes. Next
+followed the paving of the streets with wooden blocks; and
+I was much surprised when they were being laid on Fourteenth
+Street, as I recalled the time during my earlier days
+in New York when they were used in paving Broadway,
+and I also well remember how speedily they degenerated
+and decayed. I was told, however, that this form of block
+was an improvement upon the old style, and was induced
+to believe it until I saw Fourteenth Street and Pennsylvania
+Avenue masses of holes and ruts!</p>
+
+<p>After we were fairly settled in our new home I made
+the pleasing discovery that my next door neighbors were
+our old acquaintances, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Pendleton
+Gaines. Mrs. Gaines was Frances Hogan, a former
+neighbor of ours in Houston Street in New York. William
+Hogan, her aged father, was living with her, and
+their close proximity recalled many early memories. He
+was a gentleman of broad culture and a proficient linguist,
+and at an early age had accompanied his father
+to the Cape of Good Hope. He formed an intimacy with
+Lord Byron at Harrow, where he received the early portion
+of his education. Byron was not then a student but
+was occupying a small room at Harrow, which he called
+his "den." Another of Mr. Hogan's daughters, who is
+still living, wrote me that at this time Lord Byron was a
+young man and her father a little boy. She says: "Lord
+Byron often admitted my father to his room, when he
+would make him repeat stories of his African life and
+describe the occasional appearance of an orang-outang
+walking through the streets of Cape Town." After his
+father's return to New York, Mr. Hogan attended Columbia
+College, from which he was graduated in 1811, and
+afterwards studied law. He subsequently purchased land
+in the Black River country and did much to develop that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span>
+portion of his native State. The town of Hogansburg in
+Franklin County was named after him. He became a
+county judge and member of Congress and later resided in
+Washington, where he was employed in the Department of
+State, first as an examiner of claims and then as an official
+interpreter.</p>
+
+<p>A short distance from our home and on the same street
+lived Dr. and Mrs. Alexander Sharp with their large and
+interesting family of children, one of whom, bearing the
+same name as his father, recently died in Washington
+while a Captain in the Navy. Dr. Sharp's wife was a
+younger sister of Mrs. U. S. Grant, and her husband was
+ably filling at the time the position of U.S. Marshal of
+the District of Columbia. A few doors from Mrs. Sharp's
+lived her sister-in-law, the widow of Louis Dent; and in
+the same block, but nearer Thirteenth Street, were the residences
+of two agreeable Army families, Colonel and Mrs.
+Almon F. Rockwell and Colonel and Mrs. Asa Bacon
+Carey, the latter of whom was the niece of the late Senator
+Redfield Proctor of Vermont. I formed a pleasant friendship
+almost immediately with Mrs. Sharp and was always
+received with much cordiality in her home. Corcoran
+Street, in fact, from a social point of view, proved to be an
+ideal locality until its tranquillity was disturbed by the
+advent of Mr. &mdash;&mdash; and family, the former of whom was
+the Washington representative of a prominent New York
+daily paper whose columns had been strongly denunciatory
+of Grant and antagonistic to his election, while they
+abounded in praises of Greeley. Both Mr. and Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;
+were persons of much culture, but they were unfortunate
+in their selection of a home, as the personal and political
+sentiment of the neighborhood was friendly to Grant, while
+his family connections, the Dents and Sharps, residing in
+that part of the city, were deservedly popular. My own
+position was one of much delicacy. Although I was especially
+fond of Mrs. Dent and Mrs. Sharp, I could not, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span>
+view of Mr. Gouverneur's active interest in the Greeley
+campaign, be quite so enthusiastic over the Grant administration
+as were most of my neighbors, and, therefore,
+when I was invited by a mutual friend to call upon Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;
+I had no hesitation in doing so. I was taken to task
+for my act, however, by some of my friends, but I survived
+the rebuke and am still alive to tell the tale. I was
+told that, several months after the family just referred to
+was established in its Corcoran Street home, Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;
+was returning unaccompanied to her residence one evening,
+when a colored man, carrying a bucket of mud in one
+hand and a brush in the other, ran after her and besmeared
+her clothing; but the Dents and Grants were not of the
+class of people to approve of such a ruffianly act, nor
+were any of the other decent residents in the community.
+If Mrs. Sharp ever had any feeling in connection with my
+calling upon Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;, I never knew of it. Our relations
+were of the most cordial character from the first, and when
+her niece, Nellie Grant, was married to Algernon Sartoris
+she brought me a box of wedding cake, coupling with
+it the remark that she knew of no one more entitled to it
+than I&mdash;referring, I presume, to the associations connecting
+the Gouverneur family with the White House. After
+the close of the Grant administration, Dr. Sharp was appointed
+a paymaster in the Army and for many years resided
+with his family in Yankton, Dakota. I remained
+in touch with Mrs. Sharp, however, and for a long period
+we kept up an active correspondence.</p>
+
+<p>At this period Vice-Presidents were not so much <i>en &eacute;vidence</i>
+as later, and Vice-President and Mrs. Schuyler Colfax
+lived quietly in Washington and mingled but little in
+the social world. During his life at the Capital, Mr. Colfax
+repeatedly delivered his eloquent oration on Lincoln,
+which concluded with the lines of N. P. Willis on the
+death of President William Henry Harrison:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Let us weep in our darkness, but weep not for him&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not for him who, departing, leaves millions in tears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not for him who has died full of honor and years,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not for him who ascended Fame's ladder so high,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From the round at the top he has stepped to the sky.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Directly back of us on Q Street lived an old and intimate
+friend of mine, Mrs. Septimia Randolph Meikleham, the
+last surviving grandchild of Thomas Jefferson. She was
+the widow of Dr. David Scott Meikleham of Glasgow, who
+was a relative of Sir Walter Scott and died in early life
+in New York. Mrs. Meikleham was the seventh daughter
+(hence her name "Septimia," suggested by her grandfather)
+of Governor Thomas Mann Randolph of Virginia
+and his wife Martha, the younger daughter of
+Thomas Jefferson. She was born at Monticello and was
+familiarly known to her intimate friends as "Tim," a
+name in surprising contrast with her elegance and dignity.
+She bore a striking resemblance to her grandfather,
+and, although a woman of commanding presence, was simple
+and unaffected in manner. Strong in her convictions,
+attractive in conversation and loyal in her friendships,
+she and her home were sources of great delight to me, and
+it was pleasing to both of us that her children and mine
+should have been brought into intimate contact. Mrs.
+Meikleham and I often dwelt upon this family intimacy
+extending unbroken from Jefferson and Monroe down to
+the fourth generation. In the same block with Mrs. Meikleham
+lived Mr. and Mrs. John W. Douglas, the former
+of whom, some years later, during the Harrison administration,
+was one of the District Commissioners. A
+daughter of his is the wife of Henry B. F. Macfarland,
+the late Senior Commissioner of the District, who, as well
+as his wife, is universally respected and beloved in Washington.
+On the same street, but on the other side of
+Fourteenth Street, Colonel and Mrs. Robert N. Scott resided
+for many years; while just around the corner, on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span>
+Iowa Circle, in what was then a palatial home, lived Allan
+McLane and his only child, Anne, who married from
+this house John Cropper of New York. She is now a
+widow but lives in Washington, where she is greatly beloved.
+In this same general region, on the corner of
+N and Fourteenth Street, lived Lieutenant Commander
+(now Rear Admiral) and Mrs. Francis J. Higginson,
+and the latter's attractive sister, Miss Mary
+Haldane.</p>
+
+<p>Not far from our dwelling on Corcoran Street lived the
+attractive wife of <i>Monsieur</i> Grimaud de Caux, <i>Chancelier</i>
+of the French legation, who left unfading memories behind
+her. During our many delightful chats I was much
+interested in the accounts of her early life and experiences
+in Ireland, and I especially recall many things she told me
+concerning the members of the Wilde family, with whom
+she had been quite intimately associated. I learned from
+her that Oscar Wilde inherited his &aelig;sthetic tastes largely
+from his mother. She was a woman of unusual type and
+habitually dressed in white&mdash;at a time, too, before white
+garments had become so generally prevalent. I was also
+told that Oscar Wilde's father was an oculist of some
+prominence, and that he built a mansion so singular in its
+construction that the wits of Dublin called it "Wilde's
+eye-sore."</p>
+
+<p>Another of my intimate friends of those days was Mrs.
+Mary Donelson Wilcox, widow of the Hon. John A. Wilcox,
+formerly Secretary of the U.S. Senate, a Member of Congress
+and a veteran of the Mexican War. She was a
+woman of rare intellectual ability, and subsequent to her
+husband's death was for a time one of the official translators
+of the government. She was the daughter of Colonel
+Andrew Jackson Donelson, a nephew of President
+Jackson as well as his adopted son and private secretary.
+General Jackson when President was a widower,
+and it was while Mrs. Donelson was presiding as mistress<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span>
+of the White House that Mrs. Wilcox was born. Her
+memory remained clear until her last illness, and her recollections
+of prominent men and events, extending back to
+her childhood, and especially those of her early life at the
+White House, were of exceptional interest. I was especially
+amused by her account of the prompt manner in
+which General Jackson sent her mother back to Tennessee
+because she refused to accord social recognition to the
+wife of General John H. Eaton, his Secretary of War.
+As is well known, this was "Peggy O'Neal" who, before
+her marriage to Eaton, was the widow of Purser John B.
+Timberlake of our Navy, who committed suicide while
+serving in the Mediterranean. The relation which she
+sustained to the disruption of Jackson's cabinet has passed
+into history and is too well known to bear repetition here.
+As Colonel Donelson shared the views of his wife, he resigned
+his position as the President's private secretary and
+returned with her to Tennessee. He was succeeded by
+Nicholas P. Trist of the State Department, but a few
+months later, through the kindly offices of personal friends,
+they were both restored to Jackson's favor and resumed
+their former functions in the White House.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from our home lived Mr. and Mrs.
+Bernard P. Mimmack and the latter's mother, Mrs. Mary
+Bailey Collins, widow of Captain Charles Oliver Collins
+of the U.S. Army, and a typical representative of the
+New York gentlewomen of former days. She was one of
+the Bailey family, which was much identified with the history
+of New York, and she and her daughter, Mrs. Mimmack,
+were valuable additions to our community. Of Mr.
+Mimmack, only recently deceased, I can speak only in
+terms of the warmest praise. He was a true friend to me
+and many times during my widowhood placed his ripe
+judgment and wide experience at my command.</p>
+
+<p>As I first remember Professor and Mrs. Joseph Henry,
+they were living with their three daughters in a portion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span>
+of the Smithsonian Institution. He was a man whose public
+career and private life commanded universal respect,
+while his scientific discoveries, both at Princeton College
+and at the National Capital, marked him as one of the most
+distinguished men of his day. I am not qualified to pronounce
+upon his scholarly attainments nor upon the estimate
+in which he is held by the learned world of to-day,
+but it may be assumed that the eulogistic words of the late
+Professor Simon Newcomb, himself a scientific giant, represent
+the truth. "Professor Joseph Henry, first secretary
+of the Smithsonian Institution," he wrote, "was a
+man of whom it may be said, without any reflection on
+men of our generation, that he held a place which has
+never been filled. I do not mean his official place, but
+his position as the recognized leader and exponent of scientific
+interests at the National Capital. A world-wide reputation
+as a scientific investigator, exalted character and inspiring
+presence, broad views of men and things, the love
+and esteem of all, combined to make him the man to whom
+all who knew him looked for counsel and guidance in matters
+affecting the interests of science. Whether anyone
+could since have assumed this position, I will not venture
+to say; but the fact seems to be that no one has been at
+the same time able and willing to assume it."</p>
+
+<p>The society circle in Washington in 1873 was small
+compared with that of to-day. There was much less form
+and ceremony, fewer social cliques and a greater degree
+of affability. The "Old Washingtonians" were more <i>en
+&eacute;vidence</i> than now and the political element came and
+went without disturbing in any marked degree the harmony
+of the social atmosphere. There were, however,
+many in public life whose families were cordially received
+into the most exclusive circles of Washington society and
+enriched it by their presence. Mrs. Hamilton Fish held
+social sway by the innate force of character and general
+attractiveness with which nature had so lavishly endowed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span>
+her. Mrs. James G. Blaine, whose husband was in Congress
+when I first knew them, shared in his popularity.
+Mrs. George M. Robeson, wife of Grant's Secretary of the
+Navy, lived on K Street and kept open house. The Secretary
+of the Treasury and Mrs. William A. Richardson,
+who lived in the old Hill house on H Street, were well
+known and very popular. Francis Kernan, the junior
+Senator from New York, with his wife and daughter, was
+seen everywhere. Thomas Kernan, their son, who eventually
+became a Roman Catholic priest, was a great dancer
+and a general favorite. Roscoe Conkling, the senior Senator
+from New York, was socially disposed, but his wife,
+who was a sister of Horatio Seymour, although well fitted
+for social life, took but little part in it. She was a pronounced
+blond, wore her hair in many ringlets and was
+<i>petite</i> in figure. Senator and Mrs. Henry L. Dawes and
+their intellectual daughter, Miss Anna, were highly esteemed
+by Washingtonians. General Ambrose B. Burnside,
+Senator from Rhode Island and a widower, lived on
+H Street, where he lavishly entertained his friends. Senator
+Joseph R. Hawley and wife of Connecticut and the
+latter's bright sister, Miss Kate Foote, resided in the Capitol
+Hill neighborhood; while Senator Henry B. Anthony,
+also of Rhode Island and a widower, was famous for his
+grasshopper turkeys, with which he liberally supplied his
+guests at his home on the southwest corner of H and Fourteenth
+Streets. This was the period when William E.
+Chandler was beginning his prominent and successful
+political career. He lived with his first wife and interesting
+family of boys on Fourteenth Street below G Street.</p>
+
+<p>The social leader in Washington in 1873 was Mrs. Frances
+Lawrence Ricketts, whose husband, General James B.
+Ricketts, U.S.A., had served his country during the Civil
+War and on account of disabilities was awarded a handsome
+pension. They lived on G Street between Eighteenth
+and Nineteenth Streets and her Friday afternoons were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span>
+festive occasions. Mrs. Ricketts was no mean philanthropist
+in her way and a certain wag once wrote&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Here comes Mrs. Ricketts<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With a pocketful of tickets.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The doggerel had a basis in fact as she frequently appeared
+in public with tickets to sell for the benefit of some
+charitable object; and she sold them, too, as but few had
+the courage to refuse her. She was an exceedingly fine
+looking woman with a cordial manner and graceful bearing.
+Mrs. Julia A. K. Lawrence, her mother, the widow of
+John Tharp Lawrence, originally of the Island of Jamaica,
+lived with her, was quite as fond of society as the daughter,
+and, although advanced in years, seemed to have more
+friends and admirers than any woman I have ever known.</p>
+
+<p>One day by chance I met her in the drawing-room of a
+mutual friend, Mrs. Sallie Maynadier, where she shocked
+us by fainting. One of my daughters wrote her a note of
+sympathetic inquiry and received in reply the following
+answer. I regarded it as a somewhat remarkable note as
+its writer was then approaching her ninetieth birthday.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>Pray accept my grateful thanks, my dear Miss Gouverneur,
+for your kind attention in writing me such a lovely
+note. I wish I had known you brought it. I would have
+been so much pleased to see you in my room, which I
+could not leave yesterday though very much better. I
+think the fainting was from the heat of Mrs. Maynadier's
+parlour and the agitation of the previous day, at the prospect
+of parting with my very dear friends in the delicate
+state of dear Kate Eveleth's health! I hope to hear to-day
+how she bore the journey, the beautiful day very much in
+her favor! I can not close this note without expressing
+my sincere wish that your mamma and yourself will be so
+kind as to come and see me during the winter. I know that
+Mrs. Gouverneur does not "pay visits" but as I can no
+longer have the pleasure of meeting you at our dear friend's
+I hope she will make an exception in favor of such an old<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span>
+woman as myself, one too who has known and loved so
+many of your father's family for generations, dating back
+to President Monroe's family, when I was a child in England
+and used to play often with your grandmamma
+[Maria Hester Monroe]. Can you believe that a vivid
+memory can turn back so many years? Ask your mamma
+to favour me and come yourself to see</p>
+
+<p class='indent3'>Yours very truly,</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Julia Lawrence</span>.</p>
+
+<p>1829 G Street,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tuesday morning.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>An old family friend of Mrs. Lawrence and her daughter,
+the late Dr. Basil Norris, U.S.A., a native of Frederick,
+resided in the Ricketts home, and I am certain that
+his memory is still revered in the District. When Mrs.
+Ricketts, upon her husband's death, broke up her Washington
+home, Dr. Norris went to San Francisco to reside.
+A daughter of mine on her way to join her husband in
+Honolulu was taken seriously ill in that city and was attended
+by him with consummate skill. He was then on
+the retired list of the Army, but had a large and fashionable
+practice in his newly adopted home.</p>
+
+<p>In connection with Mrs. Lawrence my memory brings
+vividly before me my old and valued friends, Mrs.
+Maynadier, widow of General William Maynadier of the
+Ordnance Department of the Army, and her witty sister,
+Kate Eveleth. To render acts of kindness seemed their
+natural avocation, and I never think of them without recalling
+Sir Walter Scott's description of a ministering
+angel. I have heard Mrs. Maynadier say that at the time
+of her marriage her husband, then a young officer, was receiving
+a salary of only six hundred dollars; and yet she
+reared a large circle of children, her daughters marrying
+into prominent families and her sons becoming professionally
+well known. Their father was Aide to General
+Scott in the Black Hawk War and performed similar duty
+under General Alexander Macomb. Their mother lived<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span>
+to see the fourth generation of her descendants, many of
+whom still reside in the District.</p>
+
+<p>When I returned to Washington, I found the old Decatur
+house facing Lafayette Square owned and occupied
+by General and Mrs. Edward F. Beale, who had recently
+returned from a long residence in California. Mr. Gouverneur
+had known the General&mdash;"Ned" Beale, as he was
+usually called&mdash;in other days and I soon derived much
+pleasure from Mrs. Beale's acquaintance. She was a
+woman of the most aristocratic bearing and was especially
+qualified to meet the exacting requirements of the
+most exclusive society. The household was rendered additionally
+brilliant by her two daughters, both of whom
+were then unmarried. The sparkling vivacity of the
+elder, Miss Mary Beale, who subsequently became Madame
+Bakhmeteff of Russia, is easily recalled; while her sister,
+now Mrs. John R. McLean, is so well known in Washington
+and elsewhere as to render quite superfluous any attempt
+to describe her many charming qualities. Their
+home was a social rendezvous, and I especially recall an
+entertainment I attended there when I met many social
+celebrities. General Beale had collected numerous relics
+of early California which seemed peculiarly adapted to the
+historic mansion, and these objects of interest, together
+with the highly polished floors, the many and brilliant
+lights and the large assemblage of society folk in their
+"best bibs and tuckers," presented a scene which is not
+readily effaced from one's memory. Among others I met
+that evening were General Ambrose E. Burnside, whom
+I had known as a cadet at West Point, and my old friend,
+Captain (afterwards General) Richard Tyldin Auchmuty
+of New York, who since I had last seen him had passed
+through the Civil War. This reception was given in
+honor of the then young but gifted tragedian, John E.
+McCullough, with whom the Beale family had formed a
+friendship in the far west.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> My youngest daughter, Rose de Chine Gouverneur, and Chaplain
+Roswell Randall Hoes, U.S.N., were married in Washington
+on the 5th of December, 1888.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XV</h2>
+
+<h3>TO THE PRESENT DAY</h3>
+
+
+<p>Shortly after our return to Washington we received
+an invitation to a party at the house of Mr.
+and Mrs. William A. Richardson, the former Secretary
+of the Treasury in Grant's cabinet. In my busy
+life I have never seemed inclined to devote much time to
+the shifts and vagaries of fashionable attire. Although
+as a woman I cannot say that I have been wholly averse
+to array myself in attractive garments, they were always
+matters of secondary consideration with me and have yet
+to cause me a sleepless night. My indifference now confronted
+me, however, with the query as to what I should
+wear upon this particular occasion, and I was compelled,
+as merchants say, "to take account of stock," especially
+as my invitation reached me at too late a day to have a
+new gown made. Although while living in Frederick I
+did pretty much as I pleased in regard to dress, I realized
+that in Washington, willing or unwilling, I might be compelled
+to do, to a certain extent, what other people pleased;
+but such demands have their reasonable limits, and I
+therefore determined to ignore the dictates of fashionable
+sentiment and practice a little originality on my own account.
+I accordingly decided to wear a handsome and
+elaborate dress of a fashion of at least a generation before&mdash;a
+light, blue silk with its many flounces embroidered in
+straw in imitation of sheaves of wheat. In former years
+I had worn with this gown black velvet gloves which were
+laced at the side&mdash;a Parisian fancy of the day, a pattern
+of which had been sent me by Mrs. Schuyler Hamilton.
+These also I concluded to wear with the antiquated dress;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span>
+and thus arrayed I attended the party and had a thoroughly
+good time, supposing, as a matter of course, that
+the incident was closed. The <i>New York Graphic</i>, however,
+seemed to think otherwise and dragged me into its
+columns in an article which was subsequently copied into
+other papers. Although at first I felt somewhat chagrined,
+upon further consideration I was inclined to be pleased,
+at least with that part of the narrative that made a passing
+allusion to my attire. This is what the <i>Graphic</i>
+said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Among the ladies frequently seen in society this winter
+is Mrs. Marian Campbell Gouverneur, daughter of
+the late James Campbell of New York and the wife of Samuel
+L. Gouverneur, the only surviving grandson of ex-President
+James Monroe. Mrs. Gouverneur is an elegant
+lady of pleasing manners, sparkling vivacity and possesses
+a fund of humor and a mind stored with a variety
+of charming information. She has traveled a great deal
+and seen much of the fashionable world. Mr. Gouverneur's
+mother was married in the White House and&mdash;think
+of it!&mdash;on a Spread Eagle&mdash;that is to say, on the
+carpet of which that very elastic bird made the central
+figure. Suppose Miss Nellie Grant, of whose engagement
+rumor outside of Washington talks so loud and this city
+appears to know nothing, should take it into her head to
+be married on a Spread Eagle, would not the other Eagle,
+the public, stretch its wings and utter a prolonged shriek?
+Now I ask you candidly, have we retrograded in matters
+of taste or become less loyal to the true spirit of our Republican
+institutions? Mrs. Gouverneur has the most
+wonderful collection of American and Asiatic antiques.
+She favors antique styles, even in matters of the toilet,
+and at a party last week had her dress looped with the
+ornaments which formed part of Mr. Monroe's court dress
+when Minister to France. She also wore black velvet
+mittens of that date.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>While my sister, Mrs. Eames, was residing in Paris with
+her son and daughter, her home on the corner of H and
+Fourteenth Streets was occupied by Ward Hunt and his
+wife of Utica. Judge Hunt had recently been appointed
+a Justice of the Supreme Court, and I immediately renewed
+my associations of former days with his family.
+Next door to the Hunts lived Mr. and Mrs. Titian J.
+Coffey, the former of whom had accompanied ex-Governor
+Andrew G. Curtin of Pennsylvania upon his mission to
+Russia; and the adjoining residence, the old "Hill house,"
+was the home of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Kennedy, the
+latter of whom was Miss Julia Rathbone of Albany.
+Their hospitality was lavish until the death of Mr. Kennedy,
+when his widow returned to Albany where a few
+years later she married Bishop Thomas Alfred Starkey of
+New Jersey. Mrs. Robert Shaw Oliver, wife of the present
+efficient Assistant Secretary of War, is her niece.</p>
+
+<p>After Mrs. Kennedy left Washington, Mr. and Mrs.
+Robert Elkin Neil of Columbus, Ohio, with their daughter,
+Mrs. William Wilberforce Williams, lived in the "Hill
+house." They were people of large means and entertained
+on an extensive scale. Mrs. Neil belonged to the Sullivant
+family of Ohio whose women were remarkable for
+their beauty. The wife of William Dennison, one of the
+District Commissioners, was Mr. Neil's sister and her
+daughter, Miss Jenny Dennison, was one of the belles of the
+Hayes administration. There were so many representatives
+of the "Buckeye State" at that time in Washington
+that someone facetiously spoke of the city as the "United
+States of Ohio." Mr. and Mrs. Matthew W. Galt, parents
+of Mrs. Reginald Fendall, lived in the next house in the H
+Street block, while adjoining them resided Colonel and
+Mrs. James G. Berret. I knew Colonel Berret very well.
+Nature had been very lavish in her gifts to him, as he was
+the fortunate possessor of intelligence, sagacity and fine
+personal appearance. It was his frequent boast, however,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span>
+that through force of circumstances he had received but
+"three months' schooling," but he took advantage of his
+subsequent opportunities and became an efficient mayor
+and postmaster of the City of Washington, while a prince
+might well have envied him his dignified and imposing
+address. He sold his attractive home to Justice William
+Strong of the U.S. Supreme Court, who with his family
+resided in it for many years and then moved into a house
+on I Street, near Fifteenth Street, which in late years has
+been remodeled and is now the spacious residence of Mr.
+Charles Henry Butler.</p>
+
+<p>Directly across the street and in the middle of the block,
+between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets, lived Colonel
+and Mrs. John F. Lee. This is a house which I link with
+many pleasing associations. Mrs. Lee, whom I knew as
+Ellen Ann Hill, was a member of one of Washington's
+oldest families and with her husband had a country home
+in Prince George County in Maryland. She was a deeply
+religious woman and one of the saints upon earth. She
+gave me <i>carte blanche</i> to drop in for an informal supper
+on Sunday evenings&mdash;a privilege of which I occasionally
+availed myself. Colonel Lee was a Virginian by birth
+and a graduate of West Point, but at the beginning of the
+Civil War resigned his commission. His brother, Samuel
+Phillips Lee, however, who was then a Commander in the
+Navy, remained in the service and eventually became a
+Rear Admiral. Although differing so widely in their political
+views, the two brothers were respected and beloved
+by their associates, and never allowed their opinions upon
+matters of state to interfere with their fraternal affection.
+The only daughter of Colonel Lee, Mrs. Henry Harrison,
+usually spends her winters in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Next door to the Lees on the east lived Senator and Mrs.
+Zachariah Chandler, the parents of Mrs. Eugene Hale;
+while still further down the street was the residence of
+Doctor William P. Johnston, a favorite physician of long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span>
+standing and father of Mr. James M. Johnston and Miss
+Mary B. Johnston, the latter of whom is President of the
+Society of Old Washingtonians of which I enjoy the
+honor of being a member. It is at her home on Rhode
+Island Avenue that the privileged few who are members
+of this exclusive organization meet once each month to
+listen to papers read on topics relating to earlier Washington
+and to discuss persons and events connected with
+its history. The insignia of the society is an orange ribbon
+bearing the words inscribed in black: "Should auld
+acquaintance be forgot?" A prominent member of this
+organization is Mrs. Anna Harris Eastman, widow of
+Commander Thomas Henderson Eastman, U.S.N., and
+daughter of the beloved physician, the late Medical Director
+Charles Duval Maxwell, U.S.N.</p>
+
+<p>In the opinion of many old Washingtonians no history
+of the District of Columbia would be complete without
+some mention of The Highlands, the home of the Nourse
+family. In years gone by I remember that this ivy-covered
+stone house was deemed inaccessible, as it was reached
+only by private conveyance or stage coach. The first
+time I crossed its threshold I could have readily imagined
+myself living in the colonial period, as the furniture was
+entirely of that time. When I first knew Mrs. Nourse,
+who was Miss Rebecca Morris of Philadelphia, the widow
+of Charles Josephus Nourse, she was advanced in life, but
+notwithstanding the infirmities of age, she had just acquired
+the art of china painting, and was filling orders
+the proceeds of which she gave in aid of St. Alban's which
+was then a country parish. I frequently passed a day
+at this ancestral home, and I especially recall seeing a
+wonderful Elizabethan clock in the hallway which I am
+told is still, in defiance of time, striking the hours in the
+home of a descendant. Near The Highlands is Rosedale,
+occupied for many years by the descendants of
+General Uriah Forrest, who built it subsequent to 1782.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span>
+He was the intimate friend of General Washington, and
+its present occupant, Mrs. Louisa Key Norton, daughter
+of John Green and widow of John Hatley Norton of
+Richmond, is my authority for the statement that one day
+after dining with her grandfather, General Forrest, Washington
+walked out upon the portico and, lost in admiration
+of the beautiful view, exclaimed: "There is the site
+of the Federal City." Mrs. Norton's sister, Miss Alice
+Green, married Prince Angelo de Yturbide, and it was
+their son, Prince Augustine de Yturbide, who was adopted
+by the Emperor Maximilian.</p>
+
+<p>One of the pleasing local features connected with the
+Grant administration, which at the time made no special
+impression upon me, was the fact that there were then but
+few, if any, social cliques in Washington, and that society-going
+people constituted practically one large family. A
+stranger coming to the Capital at that time and properly
+introduced was much more cordially received than now.
+Such, for example, was the condition of affairs when Mr.
+and Mrs. Alexander Jeffrey came to Washington to spend
+a winter. They rented the old Pleasanton house on Twenty-first
+Street below F Street and entertained with true
+Southern hospitality. The Jeffrey family was of Scotch
+extraction and Mrs. Jeffrey was Miss Rosa Vertner of
+Kentucky, where she was favorably known as a poetess.
+The first wife of Alexander Jeffrey was Miss Delia W.
+Granger, a sister of my old and valued friend, Mrs. Sanders
+Irving. As soon as they were settled in their home,
+Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey gave a large evening entertainment
+which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. We much enjoyed
+meeting there a number of Kentuckians temporarily residing
+in Washington&mdash;among others, Mrs. John Key of
+Georgetown and her sister, Mrs. Hamilton Smith; Mrs.
+William E. Dudley; and Wickliffe Preston and his sister, a
+decided blonde who wore a becoming green silk gown.
+Madame Le Vert and her daughter, Octavia Walton Le<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span>
+Vert, were also there and it is with genuine pleasure I recall
+the unusual vivacity of the former. This gifted woman was
+a pronounced belle from Alabama and had passed much of
+her life in Italy, where she had much association with the
+Brownings. During her absence abroad the ravages of
+our Civil War made serious inroads upon her financial circumstances,
+and when she visited Washington at the period
+of which I am speaking she gave a series of lectures upon
+Mr. and Mrs. Robert Browning in Willard's Hall on F
+Street. They received the endorsement of fashionable
+society and, at the conclusion of her last appearance, Albert
+Pike, the later apostle of Freemasonry, offered as an
+additional attraction a short discourse upon his favorite
+theme. Madame Le Vert's maiden name was Octavia
+Walton, and she was the granddaughter of George Walton,
+one of the Signers from Georgia, and the daughter of
+George Walton, the Territorial Governor of Florida. In
+1836 she married Dr. Henry S. Le Vert, son of the fleet-surgeon
+of the Count de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Va.
+In 1858 her "Souvenirs of Travel" appeared, and later
+she wrote "Souvenirs of Distinguished People" and
+"Souvenirs of the War," but, for personal reasons, neither
+of the two was ever published.</p>
+
+<p>My first acquaintance with George Bancroft, the historian,
+dates back to the year 1845, when he came from
+New England to deliver a course of lectures and was the
+guest of my father in New York. One of the evenings
+he spent with us stands out in bold relief. He was a man
+of musical tastes, and Justine Bibby Onderdonk, a friend
+of mine and a daughter of Gouverneur S. Bibby, who only
+a few days before had made a runaway match with Henry
+M. Onderdonk, the son of Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk
+of New York, happened to be our guest at the same time.
+Her musical ability was of the highest order and she delighted
+Mr. Bancroft by singing some of his favorite selections.
+Later, when he was Secretary of the Navy dur<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span>ing
+the Polk administration, I saw Mr. Bancroft very
+frequently. I am not aware whether it is generally
+known that he began his political life in Massachusetts
+as a Whig. When I first knew him, however, he was a
+Democrat and the change in his political creed placed him
+in an unfavorable light in his State, most of whose citizens
+were well nigh as intolerant of Democrats as their ancestors
+had been of witches in early colonial days.</p>
+
+<p>Upon my return to Washington I soon renewed my acquaintance
+with Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, and the entertainments
+I attended in their home on H Street, between Sixteenth
+and Seventeenth Streets, revived pleasant recollections
+of Mrs. Clement C. Hill, whose house they purchased
+and of whose social leadership I have already
+spoken. Mr. Bancroft at this time was well advanced in
+years, and in referring to his age I have often heard him
+say: "I came in with the century." In spite of the fact,
+however, that he had exceeded the years usually allotted
+to man, he could be seen nearly every day in the saddle
+with Herrman Bratz, his devoted German attendant, riding
+at a respectful distance in the rear. I may add, by
+the way, that a few doors from the Bancrofts lived Dr.
+George Clymer of the Navy with his wife and venerable
+mother-in-law, the latter of whom was the widow of Commodore
+William B. Shubrick, U.S.N.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel Alexander Bliss, Mrs. Bancroft's son and familiarly
+known to Washingtonians as "Sandy" Bliss,
+lived just around the corner from his mother's. His wife
+was the daughter of William T. Albert, of Baltimore, but
+when I knew him best he was a widower. A few doors
+from Colonel Bliss lived Senator Matthew H. Carpenter,
+a political power of the first magnitude during President
+Grant's second presidential term, whose daughter Lilian
+was a reigning belle. Equestrian exercise was not then
+quite so popular in Washington as later, but it had its
+devotees, among whom was Colonel Joseph C. Audenreid,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span>
+U.S.A., an unusually handsome man with a decidedly
+military bearing. He was generally accompanied by his
+daughter Florence, then a child, and was often to be seen
+riding out Fourteenth Street towards the Soldiers' Home,
+which was then the fashionable drive.</p>
+
+<p>John L. Cadwalader, a cousin of Mr. Gouverneur and
+now one of the most prominent members of the New York
+bar, was Assistant Secretary of State under Hamilton
+Fish during the Grant <i>r&eacute;gime</i>. He was a bachelor and
+was accompanied to Washington by his two sisters, both
+of whom lived with him in a fine residence on the corner
+of L Street and Connecticut Avenue, which has since been
+torn down to make way for a large apartment house. It
+was while the Cadwaladers were occupying this residence
+that I first made the acquaintance of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell.
+Miss Mary Cadwalader brought him to see us in our Corcoran
+Street home and during the visit announced her engagement
+to him. He was then the highly eminent physician
+alone, as he had not yet entered the arena of fiction
+and poetry in which he has since attained such wide-spread
+distinction. It gives me pleasure to add that he
+suggested to me, while I was visiting in Philadelphia many
+years later, that I should write these reminiscences.</p>
+
+<p>All of the large balls and parties of this date, including
+the bachelors' germans, which I frequently attended, were
+given at Lewis G. Marini's on the south side of E Street,
+near Ninth Street. Marini was an Italian and the dancing
+master of the day. Twice a week he went to Annapolis
+to teach the midshipmen, who, when subsequently
+ordered to duty in Washington, became very acceptable
+beaux, as they danced the same step that their master had
+taught his pupils here. The bachelors' germans were organized
+among others by Robert F. Stockton, Hamilton
+Fish, Jr., John Davis, and Hamilton Perkins; while soon
+thereafter Seaton Munroe became one of its officers. I
+especially recall a german given by the bachelors at Ma<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span>rini's,
+on the twenty-second of February, 1876, when Lady
+Thornton, wife of Sir Edward Thornton, British Minister
+to the United States, received the guests. The decorations
+were unusually elaborate, consisting chiefly of American
+flags draped along the walls from floor to ceiling;
+while at one end of the room, in compliment to the hostess
+of the evening, the stars and stripes made way to two
+British flags. A small cannon and a miniature ship were
+placed below the music gallery, while above them was a
+semicircle of cutlasses and a <i>chevaux-de-frise</i> of glistening
+spears behind which were the musicians. In an old
+scrap book I find a brief notice of this entertainment which
+mentions the belles of the ball, some of whom became
+matrons of a later day in Washington and elsewhere.
+This is the list:&mdash;Miss Zeilin, Miss Dunn, Miss Kilbourn,
+Miss Emory, Miss Campbell, Miss Kernan, Miss Dennison,
+Miss Keating of Philadelphia, Miss Patterson, Miss
+Jewell, Miss Badger, Miss Warfield, Madame Santa Anna,
+Mrs. Gore Jones, Madame Mariscal, Madame Dardon, Mrs.
+Belknap, Mrs. Robeson, Mrs. Frederick Grant and Miss
+Dodge ("Gail Hamilton").</p>
+
+<p>In the old Stockton house, next door to the residence of
+William W. Corcoran, lived Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Ward
+who probably entertained more lavishly than any other
+family of that day. Mr. Ward was then in Congress from
+New York. His wife possessed much grace of manner and
+a subtle charm quite impossible to describe. I enjoyed her
+intimate friendship and often availed myself of a standing
+invitation to take tea with her. In her drawing-room
+one constantly met acceptable recruits from social and
+political life, all of whom she charmed by her affable conversation
+and unaffected bearing. Upon her return to
+New York Miss Virginia Stuart, her daughter by a former
+marriage, married the Rev. Alexander McKay-Smith, assistant
+rector at St. Thomas' Church. Soon after his marriage
+he received a call to St. John's Church in Wash<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span>ington,
+where he remained the beloved rector until in 1902
+he was elected Bishop-Coadjutor of Pennsylvania.</p>
+
+<p>It was about this same period that I formed a friendship
+with Lieutenant Commander and Mrs. Arent Schuyler
+Crowninshield. He was then Ordnance Officer of the
+Washington Navy Yard and lived in the quaint old house
+later assigned to the second line officer of that station.
+Mrs. Crowninshield's sister, Elizabeth Hopkins Bradford,
+lived with her and I attended her wedding there. She
+married Edmund Hamilton Smith of Canandaigua, New
+York, a son of Judge James C. Smith of the Supreme
+Court of that State, and the ceremony was performed by the
+Rev. Dr. John Vaughan Lewis of St. John's Church, Washington.
+This wedding made an indelible impression upon
+my memory owing to an unfortunate circumstance which
+attended it. The mother of the bride-elect and the latter's
+youngest sister, Louise, were traveling in Europe and
+had arranged their return passage in ample time, as they
+supposed, to be present at the ceremony. The ship met
+with an accident off the coast of Newfoundland, however,
+and during the delay the wedding took place. There was
+much anxiety concerning the safety of the bride's mother
+and sister which naturally cast an atmosphere of gloom
+over the marriage feast, but in a few days the ship came
+into port and unalloyed happiness prevailed. After Mr.
+Crowninshield's promotion to a Captaincy in the Navy
+he was ordered to command the <i>Richmond</i> in the Philadelphia
+Navy Yard, and there I repeatedly met him and
+his fascinating wife. He remained there, however, for
+less than a year, when he was placed in command of the
+ill-fated <i>Maine</i>, and about ten months before she was destroyed
+was ordered to Washington as Chief of the
+Bureau of Navigation with the rank, first of Commodore
+and then of Rear Admiral. He served as such with
+marked efficiency during the Spanish-American War, and
+several years later commanded the flagship of the Eu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span>ropean
+Squadron. He retired in 1903 on his own application
+and died five years later, deeply regretted by a
+large circle of official and personal friends. Mrs. Crowninshield
+is so well and favorably known to the public as
+an authoress that it would be impossible for me to add
+any leaves to the laurels she now wears; but I cannot refrain
+from paying a tribute to her remarkable loyalty as
+a friend and expressing my admiration for those uncommon
+traits of character which, with her commanding presence,
+have made her so deeply respected and so greatly
+admired.</p>
+
+<p>The first loan-exhibition given in Washington that I
+now recall was near the close of Grant's administration,
+and was for the benefit of the Church of the Incarnation.
+It was in an old house on the corner of Fifteenth and H
+Streets, since torn down to make way for the George Washington
+University. As much interest was shown in the
+enterprise and many of the old Washington families sent
+valuable relics, a large sum of money was realized. Among
+the contributors were William W. Corcoran, Miss Olive
+Risley Seward, Senator John P. Jones of Nevada, and
+Seth Ledyard Phelps, the latter of whom was at the time
+one of the District Commissioners and owned a large
+number of Chinese curios gathered by him during his life
+in the East. I, too, was glad to aid so worthy a cause and
+sent some of my most cherished possessions. Before the
+exhibition was formally opened, I attended a private view
+of the collection given in honor of William W. Corcoran
+and Horatio King. Of Mr. Corcoran I have elsewhere
+spoken; with Mr. King I was also well acquainted. In
+1839, while a young man, he was appointed to a position
+in the Post Office Department and eleven years later was
+connected with its foreign service in which he originated
+and perfected postal arrangements of great importance
+to the country. His promotion was rapid and he finally
+became Postmaster General under President Buchanan, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span>
+position which he held with credit both to the administration
+and himself. About 1873, when I first knew Mr.
+and Mrs. King, they lived in a modest home at 707 H
+Street where, every Saturday evening, many <i>litt&eacute;rateurs</i>
+and prominent men of state were accustomed to gather
+and discuss the important literary and political problems
+of the day. John Pierpont read a poem at the first of
+these receptions and Grace Greenwood rendered some choice
+selections, while George William Curtis and other men of
+note contributed their share to the success of other similar
+occasions. These literary reunions are said to have
+been the first of their kind ever held in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>I was invited one evening in 1877 by Mrs. Madeleine
+Vinton Dahlgren, widow of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren,
+U.S.N., who was then living at the corner of L and
+Fourteenth Streets, to attend a meeting of the Washington
+Historical Society held in her drawing-rooms. It was
+Washington's birthday and James A. Garfield, then Senator
+from Ohio, was the orator of the evening. In one
+portion of his remarks he seemed to go out of his way to
+emphasize the statement that Mary Ball, Washington's
+mother, was a very plain old woman. Why he considered
+that her lack of prominent lineage necessarily added
+greater luster to the Father of His Country, was not apparent
+to quite a number of his audience, for even the
+numerous votaries of the Patron Saint of Erin, "the
+beautiful isle of the sea," took honest pride in according
+him a gentle descent:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">St. Patrick was a gintleman,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He came from dacent people.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Dahlgren was a woman of unusual intellectual ability.
+She was the daughter of Samuel Finley Vinton of
+Ohio, who for many years represented his district in Congress
+and was chairman of the Ways and Means Com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span>mittee.
+In 1879 she published a small volume entitled
+"Etiquette of Social Life in Washington." She followed
+this book with another, whose title I do not recall, in which
+she dwelt at length upon society in Washington. It was
+not well received as her criticisms upon the wives of Cabinet
+Officers and others were such as to invoke general
+disfavor and arouse bitter resentment. Mrs. Dahlgren's
+ablest work, however, was the life of her husband, which
+was published in 1882 in a volume of over six hundred
+and fifty pages. She had a fine command of the English
+language and excellent literary discrimination in the use
+of its words, as appears everywhere in her writings and
+especially in the following tribute to her husband in the
+preface of his Life:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Admiral Dahlgren was a man of science, of inventive
+genius, of professional skill; but beyond all these, he was
+a <i>patriot</i>. While climbing, at first with slow and toilsome
+but reliant steps, and, later on, with swifter, surer progress,
+that summit to which his genius urged him, he was
+often and again confronted by the clamor of discontent,
+the jealousies of his profession, and the various forms of
+opposition his rapid, upward course evoked; and until the
+present generation of actors in the great drama in which
+he played so conspicuous part shall have passed away, it
+will be difficult to gain an impartial opinion. Yet Death
+having arrested his ultimate conceptions while yet midway
+in his career, and set the final seal upon his actions,
+we are content to leave the verdict of a 'last appeal'
+to his beloved country and the hearts of a grateful
+people."</p>
+
+<p>Two years later I attended another meeting of this
+Historical Society at the residence of Henry Strong, who
+built and owned the house on K Street now occupied by
+Mrs. Stephen B. Elkins, and for a time resided there.
+It was a brilliant assemblage and it deemed itself fortunate
+in having Moncure D. Conway, the distinguished historical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span>
+writer and essayist, as the orator of the evening. He
+spoke upon the leaders of the Federal party during the
+formative period of our national government, and soon
+made it apparent that his sympathies were not with them.
+He was strongly denunciatory of the Federalists, going
+so far even as to brand some of them as traitors, and
+especially criticized Jay's Treaty with England in 1794
+which was their pet creation. He spoke at some length
+of Oliver Wolcott, one of the most prominent Federalists
+of that day, entirely ignorant meanwhile of the fact that
+some members of the Tuckerman family, his descendants,
+were in the audience. At this time Mr. Conway was writing
+the life of Thomas Paine, which has since been published,
+and the morning after his lecture on the Federal
+party he called upon me to ascertain whether any unpublished
+information relating to Paine, which might aid
+him in his projected biography of the latter, was to be
+found in the private papers of James Monroe which were
+in my possession. During our conversation I ventured
+to remark to Mr. Conway that possibly he was not aware
+that the previous evening certain descendants of Oliver
+Wolcott were in his audience. He responded that he had
+no desire to give offense but that unfortunately he could
+not adapt history to suit the views of the descendants of
+early statesmen.</p>
+
+<p>To use a terse expression of Hamlet, I have often heard
+that Paine was one of the unfortunates who were not
+treated by our government "according to their deserts."
+It is now conceded by students of our national history
+that no man rendered more effective service to the American
+Revolution than "Tom" Paine. His devotion to the
+cause and his conspicuous sacrifices in its behalf were repeatedly
+acknowledged by Washington, Franklin and all
+the lesser lights of the day. After independence had been
+secured, still imbued with the spirit of liberty, his pen
+and his presence were not wanting when required in be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span>half
+of the liberties of the French people. He was imprisoned
+with hundreds of others in the Luxembourg, where
+he languished for nearly eleven months in daily expectation
+of being hurried to the guillotine. Following the fall
+of Robespierre he was liberated through the kindly offices
+of James Monroe, who had succeeded Gouverneur Morris
+as our Minister to France, and was at once crowned with
+honors by the government in whose behalf he had suffered.
+During the term of his imprisonment, it was his
+belief that a single word from Washington would effect
+his release, and he had a right to expect it, but he waited
+in vain. He was wholly unconscious, meanwhile, that the
+mind of Washington had been poisoned against him by one
+high in public counsels, and while still in ignorance of this
+fact addressed him the well-known denunciatory letter
+which evoked such wide-spread criticism. Washington,
+however, was not to blame, for he had been deceived in the
+house of his friends; but of this Paine was entirely ignorant.
+Delaware Davis, a son of Colonel Samuel B. Davis
+of Delaware who rendered such distinguished service during
+the War of 1812, told me a few years ago that his
+father was present at a dinner where Paine was asked what
+he thought of Washington. Doubtless in a spirit of acrimony
+he uttered the following lines:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Take from the rock the rough and rudest stone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It needs no sculptor, it is Washington;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But if you chisel, let the strokes be rude,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And on his bosom write ingratitude.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>There is probably no period of our national history
+when party rivalries were so intense and the expression
+of political animosities were more bitter than they were
+a century ago between the disciples of Jefferson and Hamilton.
+Epithets in popular discourse were openly hurled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span>
+at political antagonists that decent men would not tolerate
+to-day, and the public press gave expression to
+charges and insinuations against honorable partisans
+such as none but the very yellowest and most debauched
+journals would now deem it expedient to print. As a
+single illustration, I have in my possession what is called
+"An infallible remedy to make a true Federalist." It is
+without date and was given to me by a descendant of
+Thomas Jefferson who knew nothing of its origin except
+that it was a Boston production. It speaks for itself, and
+is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Take the head of an old hypocrite, one ounce of Nero's
+conspiracy, two ounces of the hatred of truth, five scruples
+of liars' tongues, twenty-five drops of the spirit of
+Oliver Cromwell, fifteen drops of the spirit of contentment.
+Put them in the mortar of self-righteousness and
+pound them with the pestle of malice and sift them through
+the skin of a Doctor of Divinity and put the compound
+into the vessel of rebellion and steep it over the fire of
+Sedition twenty-four hours, and then strain it in the rag
+of high treason. After which put it in the bottle of British
+influence and cork it with the disposition of Toryism,
+and let it settle until the general court rises, and it will
+then be fit for use. This composition has never been
+known to fail, but if by reason of robust constitution it
+should fail, add the anxiety of the stamp act, and sweeten
+with a Provisional Army.</p>
+
+<p>The above articles may be had of the following gentlemen
+who are appointed wholesale venders of British
+Agents in America.</p>
+
+<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">F. Target.</span></p></div>
+
+<p>The last days of the Grant administration were filled
+with forebodings and excitement. I shall always remember,
+when the news reached Washington that Rutherford
+B. Hayes had been nominated by the Republican party,
+the eager inquiries: "Who is Hayes?" It was then I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span>
+heard for the first time an expression which constantly
+occurs nowadays&mdash;"A dark horse." Samuel J. Tilden, as
+is well known, was the standard bearer of the Democracy.
+The fight was long and bitter, as almost up to the day of
+the inauguration the question as to which candidate was
+successful was a matter of doubt. The Electoral Commission,
+the compromise agreed upon by both parties, was
+composed of the same number of Republicans and Democrats
+with Justice Joseph P. Bradley of the Supreme
+Court as the fifteenth member, chosen on account of his
+neutral position. It decided that the Republican nominee
+was entitled to the electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana
+and South Carolina, and the Electoral College accordingly
+awarded the Presidency to Mr. Hayes by a vote of 186 to
+185.</p>
+
+<p>The Tilden campaign was engineered by Manton Marble,
+an able man and the editor of the New York <i>World</i>.
+I had known Mr. Tilden when he was a great adherent
+of Martin Van Buren. He was a small, insignificant looking
+man whose whole life was given up to politics. As I
+remember him in general, he was expounding upon his
+favorite subject regardless of "time and tide." His
+father had been affiliated with the celebrated "Albany
+Regency," and the son, inheriting his views, became one
+of the ablest as well as shrewdest political leaders that
+the Democratic party in New York has ever known. As
+a lawyer his great ability was universally recognized, and
+yet his last will was successfully contested, although it
+had been drawn up by him with almost infinite care and
+with the most scrupulous regard for details and engrossed
+with his own hand.</p>
+
+<p>I saw the Hayes inaugural-parade from a window on
+the corner of Fifteenth Street and New York Avenue.
+All through the day there was a suppressed feeling
+of uncertainty and excitement, but at the appointed
+hour the President-elect drove to the Capitol in the usual<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span>
+manner and took the oath of office. The procession which
+escorted him to the White House was by no means so
+imposing as others I had seen, among them that of eight
+years later at Cleveland's first inauguration, when General
+Fitzhugh Lee rode at the head of the Virginia troops
+and received a greater ovation than the new President
+himself. It was late in February before it was definitely
+known what the final decision of the Electoral Commission
+would be, and the uncertainty arising from this fact,
+together with the prevailing political disquietude, doubtless
+had much effect in limiting the size of the parade.</p>
+
+<p>I soon made the acquaintance of President and Mrs.
+Hayes and was always a welcome guest at the White
+House. The latter was of commanding presence and endowed
+with great beauty, while she possessed moral and
+intellectual traits that not only endeared her in time to
+the residents of the Capital but also won for her the respect
+and admiration of the people at large. She was
+also a woman of strong convictions and exceptional
+strength of character, and rarely failed to make her influence
+felt in behalf of what she believed to be right.
+Although, for example, the attitude she assumed in regard
+to the use of wine at the White House entertainments
+was a radical departure from precedent and evoked
+the antagonism of many of her friends and admirers, she
+believed herself to be right and successfully persevered
+in her course to the end; so that William M. Evarts,
+Hayes's Secretary of State, kept pretty close to the truth
+when he asserted years thereafter that "during the Hayes
+administration water flowed at the White House like
+champagne!" She was a woman of deeply religious experience
+and a devout member of the Methodist Church.
+Washington society felt the influence of her example, and
+during her residence at the White House the Sabbath was
+more generally observed at the National Capital than during
+any other administration I have known. As time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span>
+passed and we became better acquainted, my respect and
+admiration for her greatly increased. I repeatedly spent
+the evening with her informally at the White House
+when our intercourse was unhampered by red-tape, and
+it was then, of course, that I saw her at her best. Her
+<i>r&ocirc;le</i> was by no means without its embarrassments. She
+necessarily knew that many persons of prominence and
+influence viewed with serious doubt the legality of her
+husband's title to the Presidential chair and that there
+were those who even alluded to him as "His Fraudulency";
+but the world was none the wiser, so far as she
+was concerned, and she pursued the "even tenor of her
+way," and by the subtle influence of her character and
+conduct won both for her husband and herself the admiration
+of many who, but for her, would probably have remained
+their enemies.</p>
+
+<p>In 1863 Stephen J. Field of California was appointed
+by President Lincoln a Justice of the U.S. Supreme
+Court, and made his residence in one of the three dwelling-houses
+on Second Street facing the Capitol, which
+is said to have been a gift from his brothers, David Dudley,
+the eminent lawyer; Cyrus W., the father of the Atlantic
+cable; and the Rev. Dr. Henry M., the eminent
+Presbyterian divine and versatile editor of <i>The New York
+Evangelist</i>. Here the brothers met every February to
+celebrate the birthday of David Dudley Field. For
+many years after the destruction of the first Capitol by
+the British in the War of 1812, the Field house and the
+two which adjoined it were used by Congress as the seat
+of its deliberations. Henry Clay served within its walls
+as Speaker for about ten years, and Mrs. Field took much
+pride in showing her guests the mark on the wall where
+his desk stood. At one period before its occupancy by
+Judge Field this residence was used as a boarding house,
+and in its back parlor John C. Calhoun breathed his last.
+During the Civil War it was used by the government<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span>
+with the two adjoining houses as the "Old Capitol
+Prison"&mdash;but of this I have spoken in another place.
+Justice Field was "a gentleman of the old school" and
+one of the most courtly men in public life, while his wife
+was well known for her tact, culture and exquisite taste.
+Their home was enriched with many curiosities collected
+at home and abroad, and I especially recall a bust of the
+young Emperor Augustus, an exact copy of the original
+in the Vatican. Mrs. Field's sister, Miss Sarah Henderson
+Swearingen, accompanied her to Washington and
+some years later was married from this home to John
+Condit-Smith. My old friend, Dr. Charles W. Hoffman,
+who for twenty years was the librarian of the U.S. Supreme
+Court, was a near neighbor and friend of Judge
+and Mrs. Field. After a life well spent he retired to the
+home of his birth in Frederick, Maryland, where he lived
+for many years, surrounded by his well-loved books and
+art treasures. He never married.</p>
+
+<p>When I first knew Mr. and Mrs. James G. Blaine they
+were living on Fifteenth Street between H and I Streets.
+Miss Abigail Dodge, "Gail Hamilton," a cousin of Mrs.
+Blaine, resided with them and added greatly to the
+charm of the establishment. The world in general as well
+as his eulogists have done full justice to Mr. Blaine's
+amazing tact and charm of manner; but I may be pardoned
+the conceit if I offer my own tribute by referring
+to a graceful remark he made the first time I had the
+pleasure of meeting him. I heard someone say: "Here
+comes Mr. Blaine," and as I turned and he was formally
+presented to me I saw before me a distinguished looking
+middle-aged man of commanding presence, who, as he
+raised his hat to greet me, remarked in a low and pleasant
+voice: "I bow to the name!"</p>
+
+<p>The social column so generally in vogue in all the large
+newspapers throughout the country was introduced into
+Washington about 1870. Miss Augustine Snead, who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span>
+wrote under the <i>nom de plume</i> of "Miss Grundy," was the
+first woman society reporter I ever knew. She represented
+several newspapers, and she and her mother, Mrs.
+Fayette Snead, herself a graceful writer under the pen
+name of "Fay," were seen at many entertainments.
+Both of them were wide-awake and clever women. I happen
+to have preserved an article which appeared in the
+society column of <i>The Evening Star</i>, written by Miss
+Snead, which is largely made up of puns upon the society
+men of the day, some of whom are now gray-haired
+veterans and some, alas! are no longer here. She
+wrote:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Our society men are sighing for their rights and complain
+that whereas it is only once in four years they have
+the privilege of being courted and receiving special attention
+the social columns of the newspapers should give them
+more space. We have detailed one of our corps for the
+purpose with the following result. It (s)Eames to us
+that the officers of the Marine Corps are Muse-ing on an
+exhibition of their Zeal in the invention of a patent Payne-killer,
+in proof that they have not leaned upon a broken
+Reed. Some one may call us Palmer (H)off of bad
+puns, but we have not given A(u)lick amiss. No wonder
+the Marine Corps, in hourly dread of annihilation, has its
+anxieties increased by the continuance of the Alarm at the
+Navy Yard, the officers of that formidable little vessel having
+proved through the season that it is well named, by
+each striking eight <i>belles</i> per hour."</p>
+
+<p>"Eames" was my nephew, Charles Campbell Eames.
+"Muse" was General William S. Muse, U.S.M.C., now
+residing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, who usually
+spends a portion of each year at the Capital. "Zeal in"
+referred to Lieutenant William F. Zeilin, U.S.M.C., a son
+of General Jacob Zeilin, U.S.M.C. "Payne" was Frederick
+H. Paine, formerly in the Navy, who still makes
+Washington his home. "Reed" was General George<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span>
+C. Reid, U.S.M.C., now residing in Washington.
+"(H)off" was Captain William Bainbridge Hoff, U.S.N.,
+who died a few years ago; and "Palmer" was Lieutenant
+Aulick Palmer, formerly in the Marine Corps and now
+U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>When I first knew the distinguished scientist, Professor
+Theodore E. Hilgard, he and his wife were living on N
+Street, near Twelfth Street. For many years he was
+Superintendent of the Coast Survey, and after an interval
+of a number of years was succeeded by his nephew,
+Mr. Otto H. Tittmann. The latter and his wife are now
+among the widely-known and popular residents of Washington.
+The French Government in appreciation of Professor
+Hilgard's scientific achievements presented to him
+a superb vase which is now owned by Dr. Thomas N.
+Vincent.</p>
+
+<p>About thirty years ago my daughters and I formed a
+friendship with Senator and Mrs. James B. Beck of Kentucky
+and their daughter, the wife of General Green Clay
+Goodloe of the U.S. Marine Corps. Mr. Beck was one
+of the Democratic leaders in the Senate and was regarded
+as among the ablest men of his party. He was proud of
+his Scotch blood and loyal in his friendships. His wife
+was Miss Jane Washington Augusta Thornton, whose
+grandfather, Colonel John Thornton of Rappahannock
+County, Virginia, was a first cousin of General Washington.
+Both the Senator and his wife have passed onward,
+but our affection still lives in General and Mrs. Goodloe,
+who are among the best and truest friends I have ever
+known.</p>
+
+<p>Just before the close of the Hayes administration,
+Walter D. Davidge, whose home for many years was on
+Sixth Street, built a large mansion on the corner of H
+and Seventeenth Streets and upon its completion he and
+Mrs. Davidge, who was Miss Anna Louisa Washington,
+gave a housewarming. Champagne flowed freely upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span>
+this occasion and it is said that the supper was one of
+the handsomest and most elaborate ever served in Washington.
+The same winter my daughters attended a
+brilliant ball given at Stewart Castle by its chatelaine,
+Mrs. William M. Stewart, whose husband was one of the
+U.S. Senators from Nevada. She was the daughter of
+Senator Henry S. Foote, who represented Mississippi in
+ante-bellum days, and gave the ball in honor of several
+Virginia girls who were her guests. She was assisted in
+the entertainment by her two elder daughters, both of
+whom were married. Stewart Castle was well adapted
+for such a social function as it was one of the few mansions
+in Washington that had a spacious ballroom. This
+residence was quite suburban, and the Hillyer house on
+Massachusetts Avenue which stood on a high terrace was
+the only other dwelling in the immediate vicinity. I
+remember that when the home of the British Embassy was
+in the course of erection, the wisdom of the location was
+greatly questioned, owing to its remoteness from the fashionable
+center of the city.</p>
+
+<p>During the Arthur administration, Mr. Edward C. Halliday
+and his wife came to the National Capital to spend a
+winter. I had known him many years before when he visited
+the widow of General Alexander Macomb in her home
+on the corner of I and Seventeenth Streets, where the
+Farragut apartment house now stands. He was of a
+Scotch family which originally settled in New York, and
+his father for some years was President of the St. Andrews
+Society of that city. After residing several months
+in Washington Mr. Halliday built several houses opposite
+the British Embassy on N Street, the largest of which he
+reserved for his own residence. It was here that Mr. and
+Mrs. Halliday entertained with such true Scotch hospitality.
+Their Friday evenings were bright spots on the
+social horizon, especially for the young people, as dancing
+was one of their special features. Just before the close<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span>
+of her second social season Mrs. Halliday gave a fancy-dress
+ball, which was a happy inspiration, varying as it
+did the monotony of germans, receptions and teas. On
+this occasion the minuet was danced by the younger
+guests dressed in Louis XIV. costumes.</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of 1880 the long and painful illness of
+my husband closed in death. He had been handicapped
+by years of ill health, and, although he had the intellectual
+power, the ability, the wings to spread, there was, alas,
+no surrounding air to bear them up! The ambition was
+there and the intense desire, but strength was lacking and
+he bore his affliction with sublime fortitude. For a while
+after his departure I felt akin to a ship lost at sea; my
+moorings were nowhere within sight. I had leaned on
+him through so many years of married life, constantly
+sustained by his high code of integrity and honor, that
+his death was indeed a bereavement too terrible for words
+to express. I care to say no more.</p>
+
+<p>The summer of the same year, accompanied by my
+daughters, I sought the quietude of the mountains of Virginia.
+Tarrying in the same house with me was Mrs.
+John Griffith Worthington of Georgetown, D.C., with
+whom I formed a lasting friendship. The Worthington
+family resided in the District long before it became the
+seat of government and owned extensive property. Even
+in extreme old age Mrs. Worthington was one of the most
+truly beautiful women I have ever seen. She was Miss
+Elizabeth Phillips of Dayton, Ohio, and a lineal descendant
+of President Jonathan Dickinson of Princeton University.
+Her daughter Eliza, Mrs. William Henry Philip, represented
+the same type of woman. John G. Worthington's
+sister married Judge William Gaston, the eminent jurist
+of North Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>The administration of Garfield was of short duration.
+The tragedy which brought to a speedy close his earthly
+career is too well known to be dwelt upon at length.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span>
+The mortal attack upon him in 1881 by the fanatic Charles
+J. Guiteau in the old Pennsylvania railroad station on
+the corner of Sixth and D Streets shocked the civilized
+world, and his long and painful illness at Elberon was
+closely watched by a sympathizing public until it closed
+in death. Dr. D. W. Bliss was the Garfield family physician
+but the most eminent specialists of the country
+were called into consultation. It is the first time within
+my memory that I ever heard of the issue of official bulletins
+by physicians announcing the condition of their
+patients. At the trial of Guiteau he was defended by
+his brother-in-law, George M. Scoville, while Judge John
+K. Porter of New York and Walter D. Davidge of the
+Washington bar were employed to assist in the prosecution.
+This trial was of such absorbing interest that men
+and women crowded to the City Hall, where admission
+was granted only by ticket. No one could possibly have
+seen Guiteau without a feeling akin to pity, as he displayed
+every indication of possessing an unbalanced mind.</p>
+
+<p>The administration of President Arthur proved a source
+of delight to Washington society and afforded abundant
+demonstration, as in the cases of Jefferson, Jackson, Van
+Buren and Buchanan before him, that a "Mistress of the
+White House" in the person of a wife is not an absolute
+necessity. Mrs. John E. McElroy, the President's sister,
+spent much of her time in Washington and presided with
+grace over the social functions of the White House. The
+President himself was a gentleman of dignified and imposing
+presence and of great social as well as political
+tact. He instinctively seemed to know the proper thing
+to do and exactly when to do it. I was deeply touched
+by his thoughtfulness when my second daughter, Ruth
+Monroe, was married in December, 1882. Although we
+were still in mourning and had no personal acquaintance
+with the President nor other association at that time with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span>
+the White House, General Arthur on that occasion sent
+superb flowers to my home from the conservatory of the
+Executive Mansion. I regarded the act as exceedingly
+gracious, but it was in every way characteristic of the
+man. The circumstances under which he succeeded to
+the Presidential chair were so painful and some of his
+former political affiliations were so distasteful to many
+that the early portion of his administration was attended
+with a certain degree of embarrassment; yet, by sheer
+force of character, unquestioned ability and magnificent
+tact he so effectively worked his way into the hearts of
+the people that he left the Presidential chair as highly
+esteemed as any of his predecessors and carried with him
+into retirement the applause of the people irrespective of
+party affiliation.</p>
+
+<p>I made the acquaintance of General and Mrs. Adolphus
+W. Greely soon after his return from his Arctic expedition.
+Both he and Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley,
+U.S.N., the rescued and the rescuer, were then receiving
+the ovations of the public. During our early acquaintance
+the Greelys purchased a delightful old-fashioned
+house on G Street, below Pennsylvania Avenue, where
+they still reside surrounded by a charming group of sons
+and daughters. General Greely is always an object of
+interest wherever he goes and deservedly so, as scientific
+attainments, distinguished bearing and engaging manners
+such as his can never fail to win applause. Mrs. Greely,
+the bride of his youth and the companion of his maturer
+years, wins all hearts and holds them.</p>
+
+<p>It would be both unjust and ungrateful to make no
+mention of Mrs. Phoebe Hearst, the mother of William R.
+Hearst of New York. She came to Washington an entire
+stranger as the wife of the late Senator George Hearst of
+California, but soon endeared herself to all old residents
+by her personal magnetism, her social tact and her phil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span>anthropic
+acts. Deeply in sympathy with the work
+of women, her benevolence in this particular field was
+unbounded. Her entertainments were lavish and I was
+often numbered among her guests. I especially recall
+an evening reception given by her in honor of a company
+of authors attending a congress in Washington. It
+was remarkable for the number of distinguished men and
+women gathered from all parts of the country, some of
+whom I had never met before, and among them Mark
+Twain, Francis Marion Crawford and William Dean
+Howells.</p>
+
+<p>As I lay down my pen, memories of many old friends
+are passing before me and of their children, too. Then
+there are others with whom I formed ties later in life of
+the most enduring character. This is especially true of
+my old and cherished neighbors, Rear Admiral and Mrs.
+Francis A. Roe. With his work well done he now rests
+from his labors, but his widow is yet my valued friend.
+Still another is Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, U.S.
+N. who, surrounded by admiring friends in Washington,
+lives quietly and unostentatiously and bears his laurels
+well; and last, but anything in the world but least, Mrs.
+Julian James, a representative of a distinguished New
+York family, the daughter of Theodorus Bailey Myers,
+who has made her home in Washington for many years,
+and is now the "Lady Bountiful" of the National Capital.
+Beautiful in person as well as in character, she distributes
+her wealth with a lavish hand, and richly deserves the
+words "well done."</p>
+
+<p>In looking backward through the years of a long and
+active life I have seen varied relays of humanity, all of
+them acting their parts and filling their appropriate
+niches&mdash;great and small often standing shoulder to
+shoulder and engaged in the same strife. Many of them,
+my friends in childhood as well as old age, have long
+since passed into the life beyond. <i>Vanitas Vanitatis!</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span>
+may be the exclamation of the moralizing cynic, but to
+me many of these memories are a blessed heritage, and
+I am grateful to the Father of All for permitting me to
+catch from them the inspiration to prepare these
+rambling notes.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span></p>
+<h2>INDEX</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+Abert, John, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Abinger, Lord, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Adams, Abigail, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Abigail Louisa Smith, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Francis, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Francis, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth Combs, <a href="#Page_205">205-207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac Hull, <a href="#Page_205">205-207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (1), <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Quincy, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Quincy, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Louisa, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Boylston, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Addington, Henry Unwin, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Addison, Joseph, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Adrian, Robert, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Agg, John T., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Albert, Prince, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William T., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Alcott, Amos Bronson, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Alfonso XIII., of Spain, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Allen, Eliza, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Allerton, Willoughby, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Willoughby, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Allston, Washington, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Juan Nepomuceno, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Almy, John J., <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Anderson, Richard C, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Andrews, Edward G., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John A., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Anne, Queen, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Anthon, Charles, <a href="#Page_13">13-16</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Anthony, Henry B., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Appleton, James Means, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jesse, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Armistead, Richard, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Armstrong, John, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Arthur, Chester A., <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ashton, Henry, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Astor, Dorothea, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"George and Company," <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Jacob (1), <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72-77</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Jacob (2), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Magdalen, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William B., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Waldorf, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Astor and Camp," <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Atkinson, Henry, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Auchmuty, Richard Tyldin, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Audenreid, Florence, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph C., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Augustus, Emperor, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Aulick, John H., <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Bache, Eliza Ann, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bacon, Alice, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Delia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leonard, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Badger, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bakhmeteff, Madame, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Balfe, Michael William, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Victoire, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Ball, Mary, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bancroft, George, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bankhead, James, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Banks, Nathaniel P., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bannister, Mr., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bantz, Gideon, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Baraza, Cipriano, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Barbour, James L., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Barca, de la, Don Calderon, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Calderon, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Barclay, Andrew D., <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bard, Samuel, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Barker, Jacob, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Barlow, Francis C., <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Barnum, P. T., <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Barron, James, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bartlett, William H. C., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bass, Mrs. Eug&eacute;nie, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bazaine, Fran&ccedil;ois Achill&eacute;, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Beach, Moses Y., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Beale, Edward F., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward F., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bearn, de, Louis, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Princess, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Beauharnais, de, Hortense, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Beaujour, de, Felix, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Beaumont, John C., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Beauregard, de, Paix, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Toutant, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierre G. T., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Beck, James B., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James B., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Becket, &agrave;, Thomas, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Beckett, Hamilton, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Belden, George, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Belknap, William G., <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bellini, Giovanni, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bellows, Henry W., <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Belmont, August, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. August, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Beltzhoover, Daniel M., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Benham, Henry W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bennett, James Gordon, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James Gordon, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Benton, James G., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James G., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jessie Ann, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas H., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bentzon, Adrian B., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adrian B., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+B&eacute;rault, Am&eacute;line, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Charles, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laura, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie-Louise Jos&eacute;phine Laure, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pauline, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vincente Rose Am&eacute;line, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Beresford, William, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bergmans, Alfred, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Alfred, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Berret, James G., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James G., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Berrian, William, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Berrien, William McPherson, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bertinatti, Giuseppe, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Giuseppe, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bibby, Augustus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward N., <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward N., <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur S., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gouverneur S., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Warburton, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Biddle, Nicholas, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bigelow, John, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bisset, John, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Black, Jeremiah S., <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rebecca B., <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Blackwell, Jacob, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lydia, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Blaine, James G., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James G., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Blair, Hugh, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bleecker, Anthony, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bliss, Alexander, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">D. W., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William W. S., <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Blodgett, George M., <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Boggs, Edward B., <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Boilleau, Baron Geoffrey, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bolles, T. Dix, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. T. Dix, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bolton, William Compton, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Compton, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bonaparte, Jerome, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Boreel, Mrs. Francis R., <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Borland, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Solon, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Boswell, James, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span><br />
+Botelwalla, (a Parsee), <a href="#Page_294">294</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Botta, Vincenzo, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Vincenzo, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bouck, William C., <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bowne, Walter, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Boyce, Edward, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bradford, Elizabeth Hopkins, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bradish, Luther, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bradley, Joseph P., <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Brady, James T., <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Brandegee, Maria, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Brasher, Philip, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bratz, Herrman, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bray, Mrs. Ann Eliza, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Breckenridge, John C., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bresson, de, Paul Alfred, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bridge, Horatio, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Horatio, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bridgens, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Brodhead, Jacob, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Broglie, de, Duchesse, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bronson, Orestes Augustus, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Brooke, Catharine L., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Brooks, Peter C., <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Preston S., <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sidney, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Brown, B. Gratz, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Colonel, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jesse, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Marshall, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Marshall, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert M. G., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert M. G., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Sexton), <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Browne, George W., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Browning, Robert, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Brownlee, William C., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bryant, William Cullen, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Buchanan, James, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, (British Consul in N.Y.), <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roberdeau, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roberdeau, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Buckingham, Mrs. Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Buckley, Barzilla, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bucknor, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frank, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bull, Ole, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bullitt, Diana Moore, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eloise, ("Lou"), <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Bulloch, James D., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bunner, Anne, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rudolph, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Burdette, Charles, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Burke, Edmund, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Burney, Frances, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Burns, David, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William C., <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Burnside, Ambrose E., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Burr, Aaron, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodosia, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Burton, William E., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Bush, Ralph I., <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Butler, Andrew P., <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gen. Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Henry, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierce (1), (Senator), <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierce (2), <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Byron, Lord, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Caballero, Lucas, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cabell, Mrs. Robert Henry, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cadwalader, John (1), <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John L., <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Calhoun, John C., <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cameron, Simon, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cammack, Mrs., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Campan, Madame, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Campbell, Alexander, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Archibald, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Archibald, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles H., <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles H., <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James (1), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12-15</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31-33</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Campbell, James (2), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Malcolm (1), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Malcolm (2), <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264-266</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marian, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">St. George Tucker, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. St. George Tucker, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Canda, Charles, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Canova, Antonio, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Carey, Asa Bacon, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Asa Bacon, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Carlisle, Earl of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Carlota, Empress, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Caroline, Queen of Naples, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Carpenter, Lilian, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Carr, Jonathan, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Carroll, Alida, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carrie, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniel, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harriet, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helen Sophia, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sallie, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Violetta Lansdale, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Thomas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Thomas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Carter, Bernard Moore, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cass, Isabella, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lewis Cass, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Casti, Giovanni Battista, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Caton, Richard, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Caux, de, Grimaud, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Grimaud, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Chalmers, Thomas, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chandler, William E., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William E., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Zachariah, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Zachariah, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Channing, William Henry, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chapman, John Gadsby, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Charraud, John T., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chase, Salmon P., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chateaubriand, Fran&ccedil;ois Auguste, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chaulet, Mrs. George R. A., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chegaray, Madame Eloise, <a href="#Page_50">50-54</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63-67</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chesterfield, Lord, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chew, Beverly, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Beverly, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Alexander, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert S., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Choate, Rufus, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chopin, Fr&eacute;deric Fran&ccedil;ois, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Chrystie, Mr., <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Church, Albert E., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Clagett, Darius, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Clark, Daniel, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Clay, Clement C., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Clement C., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><a href="#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Clerke, William B., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cleveland, Grover, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Clinch, Duncan L., <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Clinton, Augusta, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. DeWitt, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cochrane, John, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Codman, Charles Russell, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Coffey, Titian J., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Titian J., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cohen, Abraham H., <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Abraham H., <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sara Jane Picken, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Coleman, Margaret, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Coles, Mrs. (of New York), <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Colfax, Schuyler, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Schuyler, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Colhoun, Mrs. William H., <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Collins, Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Mary Bailey, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Condit-Smith, John, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Conkling, Roscoe, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roscoe, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Connelly, Pierce, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Pierce, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Contoit, John H., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Conway, Moncure D., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span><br />
+Coolidge, Mrs. Harriet Morris, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Henry, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard Henry, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cooper, James Fenimore, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Priscilla, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Apthorpe, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Apthorpe, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Corbin, Francis Porteus, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Corcoran, Thomas, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William W., <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cornbury, Lord, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cottringer, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Coudert, Frederick R., <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cox, Arthur Cleveland, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel H., <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cozzens, William B., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Craig, Adam, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adam, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane Stith, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Crampton, John F. T., <a href="#Page_226">226-228</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John F. T., <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Crane, Charles H., <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ichabod B., <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Crawford, Francis Marion, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William H., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Crean, Henrietta Agnes, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Crittenden, John Jordan, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Croghan, Mary E., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cromwell, Oliver, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Crooke, Mary, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Croom, Henry B., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henrietta, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cropper, John, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Crowninshield, Arent Schuyler, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Arent Schuyler, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_375">375-376</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin W., <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cruger, Mrs. Douglas, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cumberland, Duke of, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cunard, Edward, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Curry, Jabez L. M., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jabez L. M., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Curtin, Andrew G., <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Curtis, George William, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Cushing, Caleb, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Custis, Mrs. Daniel Parke, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sallie Smith, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Cutts, Mrs. Rose Adelle ("Addie"), <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Madison, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James Madison, <a href="#Page_218">218-220</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Dahlgren, John A., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John A., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Madeleine Vinton, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dallas, George M., <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Daly, Charles P., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph F., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dana, Charles A., <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Da Ponte, Lorenzo, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lorenzo L., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dardon, Madame, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Darwin, Charles, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Davenport, Mrs. Henry K., <a href="#Page_213">213</a><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard G., <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Davidge, Walter D., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Walter D., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Davidson, Samuel, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Davies, Solomon B., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Solomon B., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Davis, Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Delaware, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Gassaway, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Gassaway, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George T., <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grace, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hallie, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jefferson, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jefferson, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kate, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel B., <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winter, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dawes, Anna, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry L., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry L., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Day, Henry, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Genlis, Madame, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Hart, Abigail, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Kay, George Coleman, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Koven, Henry, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reginald, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+De Menou, Jules, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Peyster, Arent Schuyler, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Captain, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick (1), <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick (2), <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Ferguson, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Watts, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Watts, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan Maria Clarkson, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+De Rham, Henry Casimir, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Casimir, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+De Ruiz, Domingo Leoncio, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Domingo Leoncio, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+De Sodr&eacute;, Lucinia, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Luis Pereira, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+De Sta&euml;l, Madame, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Veaux, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Wint, Caroline, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Witt, Thomas, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+De Wolf, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Decatur, Anne Pine, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen (1), <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen (2), <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dehon, Fanny, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Delafield, Edward, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Delarue, Marguerite M., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Demonet, Charles, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Demsey, John, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Denning, Hannah Maria, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dennison, Jenny, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dent, Louis, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Louis, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Derby, George H., <a href="#Page_282">282-285</a>.<br />
+<br />
+D&eacute;sabaye, Caroline, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clara, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gustave, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marc, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierre Prosper, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+D&eacute;slonde, Adrian, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie Mathilde, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dewey, Orville, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.<br />
+<br />
+D'Hervilly, Joseph U. F., <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Joseph U. F., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dickinson, Jonathan, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia Maria, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Didot, Firmin, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Diehl, George, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dieterich, George, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dillon-Lee, Marmaduke, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dix, John A., <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Morgan, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dodge, Mary Abigail, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Donelson, Andrew Jackson, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Donoho, Thomas Seaton, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br />
+<br />
+D'Oremieulx, Theophile, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Douglas, Dr., <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jennie, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John W., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John W., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen A., <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen A., <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Downing, Andrew Jackson, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Andrew Jackson, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Jack," <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. "Jack," <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dryden, John, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dudley, Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William E., <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Duer, Anna Henrietta, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Theodore, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward Alexander, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward Alexander, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor Jones, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth Denning, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frances Maria, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria Theodosia, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William A., <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William A., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Duke, Mrs. Basil, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dundas, Mr., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dunmore, Earl of, <a href="#Page_141">141-143</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dunn, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span>Durand, Asher B., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Dutilh, Eugene, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eugene, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Dyer, Alexander B., <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Eames, Charles, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171-173</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261-262</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Campbell, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Early, Jubal A., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Eastman, Mrs. Anna Harris, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Henderson, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Henderson, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Eaton, John H., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John H., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Edes, Margaret, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Edgar, Daniel, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Daniel, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Edgeworth, Maria, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Edward VII., <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Elkins, Stephen B., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen B., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ellicott, Andrew, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Elssler, Fanny, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Emerson, Ralph Waldo, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Emery, William H., <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William H., <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Emmett, the Messrs. of N.Y., <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Emory, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Eppes, Francis Wayles, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Wayles, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Wayles, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Esterhazy, The Countess, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Eug&eacute;nie, Empress, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Eustis, Abram, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Abram, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Evarts, William M., <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Eveleth, Kate, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Everett, Edward, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222-225</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Sidney, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Ewell, Cordelia, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard S., <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Fahnenberg, Baron, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fairlie, James, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Farley, Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Featherstonhaugh, G. W., <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fendall, Mrs. Reginald, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fessenden, John M., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Field, Cyrus W., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David Dudley, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry M., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen J., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen J., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Figani&egrave;re, Joaquim Cesar de, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fish, Bayard, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beekman, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Fish, Grinnell and Company," <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Fish, Hamilton (1), <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hamilton, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hamilton (2), <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Preserved, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Fisher, George H., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fitzgerald, Louis, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Floyd, John B., <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John G., <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Follin, Adolphus, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Foote, Henry S., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kate, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Forbes, Harriet Blackwell, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_22">22-24</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26-28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Forrest, Edwin, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edwin, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Uriah, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Forsyth, John, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Foster, Lafayette S., <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fox, Henry Stephen, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Francis, John W., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26-28</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Franklin, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fraser, Donald, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Freeman, Isabel, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William G., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William G., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Frelinghuysen, Frederick, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Theodore, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodore, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Fremont, John C., <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John C., <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Frietchie, Barbara, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Fuller, Margaret, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Melville, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Furguson, Mrs., <a href="#Page_287">287</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Gadsby, John, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gage, Henry (1), <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry (2), <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gaines, Edmund Pendleton (1), <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund Pendleton, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund Pendleton (2), <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund Pendleton (2), <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Myra Clark, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gales, Mrs. Joseph, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Galliher, Mr., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Galt, Matthew W., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Matthew W., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Garcia, Manuel, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Signor, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Garfield, James A., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Garrick, David, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Garrison, William Lloyd, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gaston, William, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gau, Alexandre, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexandre, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gautier, Charles, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gauvain, Michael A., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gelston, David, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maltby, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Genet, Edmond Charles, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br />
+<br />
+George I., <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gerard, James W., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gerolt, von, Bertha, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Charles Joseph, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gerry, Mrs. Hannah Greene, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gevers, Johan Cornelis, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gibbes, Annette, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte Augusta, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Morgan, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Morgan, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas S., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas S., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gibbon, Edward, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gibbs, Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laura Wolcott, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wolcott, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gillett, Ransom H., <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Goelet, Peter, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Goldsborough, Margaret, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Catharine, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gonzales, Ambrosio Jos&eacute;, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Goodloe, Green Clay, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Green Clay, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gordon, John B., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gordon-Cumming, Alexander Penrose, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander Penrose, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gould, James, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gouverneur, Mrs. Abraham, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Philipse, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gertrude, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa A., <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret Philipse, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Marston, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maud Campbell, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose de Chine, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ruth Monroe, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel L. (1), <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256-258</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (first wife, Maria Hester Monroe), <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (second wife, Mary Digges Lee), <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel L. (2), <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262-264</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270-272</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300-303</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306-309</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316-320</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350-353</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel L. (2), <a href="#Preface"><i>Preface</i></a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Mongan Warburton, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Gouverneur and Kemble," <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gower, Ronald, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Grabow, von, Guido, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Graham, George, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Granger, Adele, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Delia W., <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gideon, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Grant, Frederick, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nellie, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ulysses S., <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ulysses S., <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Gray, John F., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Greeley, Horace, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Greely, Adolphus W., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adolphus W., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Green, Alice, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Greenhow, Robert, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Greenwood, Grace, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Greig, John, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Griffin, William Preston, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Preston, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Griffith, Arabella, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Grinnell, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.<br />
+<br />
+"Grinnell, Minturn and Co.," <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Guiteau, Charles J., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gurowski, Adam, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246-250</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ignatius, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ladislas, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Guthrie, James, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Gwin, William McKendree, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William McKendree, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Habersham, Joseph (1), <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph (2), <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josephine, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Neyle, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Neyle, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Haight, Mrs. Richard K., <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Haldane, Mary, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hale, Eugene, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Halleck, Henry W., <a href="#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hallett, Hughes, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hughes, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Halliday, Edward C., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward C., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hamilton, Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Angelica, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gail, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James A., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James A., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John A., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John C., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John C., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laurens, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Molly, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Schuyler, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Schuyler, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hammersley, Gordon, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gordon, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louis, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Louis, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hammond, George, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hardee, William J., <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hardey, Madame Mary Aloysia, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Harod, Charles, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Williamson, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[404]</a></span>Harper, Emily, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Harper, Robert Goodloe, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Goodloe, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Harrison, Augustus Joseph Francis, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Henry, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hasbrouck, Henry C., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William C., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William C., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Havens, Benny, <a href="#Page_121">121-123</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Haviland, John Von Sonntag, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hawks, Francis L., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hawley, Joseph R., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joseph R., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hawthorne, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hay, George, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sophie, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hayes, Rutherford B., <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381-383</a>, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Rutherford B., <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hayne, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hazard, John, <a href="#Page_1">1-3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John ("Nancy"), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jonathan, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Ann, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodore E., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Heard (Augustus) and Company," <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hearst, George, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George (Phoebe), <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William R., <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Heckscher, Richard, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Heiskell, Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Monroe, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hellen, Mary, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Henry, Joseph, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joseph, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Patrick, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Heth, Henry, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joice, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Heyward, Edward, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hibbard, Mr., <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hicks, Henry W., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br />
+<br />
+"Hicks and Company," <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Higginson, Francis J., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis J., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hilgard, Theodore E., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Theodore E., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hill, Clement C., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Clement C., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellen Ann, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hilton, Henry, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hinckley, Mrs. Samuel L., <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hinsdale, Horace, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hoes, Roswell Randall, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roswell Randall, <a href="#Preface"><i>Preface</i></a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hoff, William Bainbridge, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hoffman, Charles F., <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles F., <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles W., <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eugene A., <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josiah Ogden, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ogden, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ogden, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Hoffman and Seaton," <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hogan, Frances, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hogarth, William, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Holly, Mrs. Hamilton, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Holmes, Oliver Wendell, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Holt, Joseph, <a href="#Page_341">341-344</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346-348</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hone, John, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hopkins, Louise, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Miles, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hornsby, Isham, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Isham, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Horsey, Outerbridge, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hortense, Queen, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br />
+<br />
+House, Crissie, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Houston, Sam, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sam (first wife, Eliza Allen), <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sam (second wife, Margaret Moffette), <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Howard, Henry George, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry George, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Howells, William Dean, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Howland, Gardiner G., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gardiner G., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hoyt, Goold, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Goold, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hannah, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hoyt, Henry Shaeffe, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Sheaffe, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jesse, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Huc, Evariste R&eacute;gis, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hughes, John, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104-106</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hull, Amos G., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hulsemann, John George, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Humboldt, von, Alexander, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Hunt, Ward, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ward, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ridgely, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Hunter, David, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Iglehart, James, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ingersoll, Colin M., <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ingle, Osborne, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Inglis, Fanny, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lydia, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Irving, Leslie, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierre Paris, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Pierre Paris, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sanders, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sanders, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Washington, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Iselin, Adrian, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Izard, Ralph, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Jackson, Andrew, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin L., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Luther, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas J. ("Stonewall"), <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+James II., <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.<br />
+<br />
+James, Edward, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Julian, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Jardine and Matthewson," <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Jauncey, Jane Mary, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Jay, Elizabeth Clarkson, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Augustus, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Peter Augustus, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Jefferson, Maria, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Jeffrey, Alexander, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Jeffrey, Jennie, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Jennings, Sarah, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Jesup, Thomas S., <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Jewell, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Johnson, Alexander B., <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander B., <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Andrew, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347-349</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bradley T., <a href="#Page_319">319</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph E. ("Joe"), <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joshua, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa Catharine, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Clarkson, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Crawford, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Johnston, Mrs. Harriet Lane, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Elliott, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James M., <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary B., <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William P., <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Joinville, de, Prince, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Jones, David S., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dr., <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gore, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Isaac, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John P., <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Anna Schuyler, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Sarah, <a href="#Page_58">58-60</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia Collins, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Joseph II., of Austria, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Judd, Gerrit P., <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Kane, De Lancey, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. De Lancey, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lydia, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kantzow, de, Frederick, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kean, Christine, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Philip James, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kearny, Mrs. Diana Bullitt, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[406]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kearny, Nancy, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip (1), <a href="#Page_163">163-165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip (1), <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip (2), <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip (2), <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia De Lancey, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Keating, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Keats, John, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Keefer, C. H., <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kellogg, Frances, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sanford C., <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kemble, Charles, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellen, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84-86</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123-127</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret Tillotson, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Peter, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Frederick, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard Frederick, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kemmerer, Joseph, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kennedy, James C., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James C., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph C. G., <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joseph C. G., <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas H., <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas H., <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kennon, Mrs. Beverly, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kernan, Francis, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kerr, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Key, Francis Scott, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kidder, Jerome E., <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kilbourn, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+King, Archibald Gracie, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Archibald Gracie, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles B., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+King, Charles C., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horatio, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Horatio, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Preston, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rufus, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kingman, Eliab., <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272-274</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eliab., <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kneeland, Samuel F., <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Knox, John (1), <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Scotland, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kortright, Hester, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lawrence, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kosciusko, Thaddeus, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kossuth, Louis, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kourowski, Mr., <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kunkel, Jacob M., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jacob M., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Kunze, Johann Christoff, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Kuroki, General, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Labitzky, Joseph, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lafayette, de, Marquis, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lafitte, Jean, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.<br />
+<br />
+La Fontaine, Jean, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Laight, Edward, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lamb, Charles, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lane, Harriet, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Langdon, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Walter, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lansdale, Philip, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Latimer, C. R., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Laughton, J. Scott, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lawrence, James, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Tharp, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Tharp, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Julia A. K., <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Leake, John G., <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Leary, Anna, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lee, Mrs. Arthur, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fitzhugh, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Graham, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lee, John F., <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John F., <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Digges, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert E., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Phillips, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Sim, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Leisler, Jacob, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lemoine, Ponty, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ponty, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+L'Enfant, Pierre Charles, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lenox, Robert, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lente, Frederick D., <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick D., <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Leopold I., <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+LeRoy, Caroline, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Herman, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jacob R., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Le Sage, Alain Ren&eacute;, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Leupp, Miss, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Le Vert, Henry S., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry S., <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Octavia Walton, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lewis, John Vaughan, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Li Hung Chang, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lincoln, Abraham, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ling Kein (Mandarin), <a href="#Page_295">295</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lippincotts, the publishers, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lipton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lispenard, Alice, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Livingston, Angelica, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Estelle, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Swift, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnston, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maturin, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Maturin, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Van Brough, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Edward, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert R. (Chancellor), <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert R. (Judge), <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lomax, Ann Corbin, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mann Page, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Longfellow, Henry W., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lord, Daniel, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Phoebe, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lorillard, Jacob, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jacob, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Louis XIV., <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Louis XVI., <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Lowndes, William Jones, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ludlow, Augustus C., <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas W., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lumley-Savile, John, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Luquer, Lynch, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Nicholas, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lynch, Adelaide, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne C., <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dominick, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eugene H., <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John A., <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John A., <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Lyon, James, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Macalister, Lily, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Macfarland, Henry B. F., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry B. F., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Macmaster, Anne, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br />
+<br />
+MacNeil, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Macomb, Alexander, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander S., <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander S., <a href="#Page_163">163-165</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Macready, William C., <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McAllister, Ward, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McClellan, George B., <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucy, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McCorquodale, Mr., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McCullough, John E., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McDonnel, D. N., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McElroy, John, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John E., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McEvers, Charles, Jr., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McGill, John Thomas, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Thomas, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McKay-Smith, Alexander, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McKee, Joseph, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McKim, Mr., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McKnight, James, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br />
+<br />
+McLane, Allan, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John R., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McLeod, Mr., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McPherson, Mrs. John ("Fannie"), <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert G., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert G., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McTavish, Alexander S., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Carroll, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Carroll, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Wellesley, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+McVickar, John, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.<br />
+<br />
+M'Dougall, Peter, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+M'Gregor, John, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Madison, James, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James ("Dolly"), <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Magruder, George A., <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helen, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John B., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208-211</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mahan, Alfred T., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dennis H., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Maitland, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Malibran, Madame, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Manning, Daniel, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Marble, Manton, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Marcoleta, de, Jos&eacute;, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Marcy, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William L., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William L., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Marini, Lewis G., <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Mariscal, Madame, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Markoe, Francis S., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Marlborough, Duke of, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Duchess of, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Marquand, Frederick, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry G., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Marshall, Emily, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Marston, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Martin, Mr. (of Jamaica, N.Y.), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Marvel, Ik, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Marx, Henry Carroll, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Mary, Queen of Scots, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Mason, Betty, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily Virginia, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Florence, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James M., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John M., <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John T., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stevens Thompson, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomson F. ("Colross"), <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Masters, Josiah, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Masters, Margaret, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Maulsby, William P., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William P., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Maury, Matthew F., <a href="#Page_207">207-210</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Matthew F., <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Maximilian, Archduke, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Maxwell, Charles Duval, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Maynadier, William, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William ("Sallie"), <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Maynard, Edward, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Mayo, Edward, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria D., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Starbuck, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Starbuck, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Meade, George G., <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard W., <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Medhurst, Walter H., <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Meikleham, David Scott, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. David Scott (Septimia Randolph), <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mercer, William Swann, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Swan, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Meredith, Emma, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jonathan, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Messinger, Daniel, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Daniel, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Messinger, Thomas H., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Milledoler, Philip, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Miller, Charles Dudley, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Dudley, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Starr, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mills, Clark, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Milne, Mr., <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Mimmack, Bernard P., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Bernard P., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Minus, Hetty, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philippa, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mitchell, Donald G., <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">S. Weir, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel L., <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Moffette, Margaret, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Monroe, Bettie, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Columbus, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fannie, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James (nephew of President), <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria Hester, <a href="#Page_256">256-258</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Montauban, Charles, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Montgomery, Richard, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Moore, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clement C., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria Theresa, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theresa, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William (1), <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William (2), <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William (2), <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mordecai, Alfred, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Morgan, John Hunt, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Morpeth, Lord, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Morris, Charles, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles W., <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur (1), <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Morris, Mrs. Gouverneur (1), <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur (2), <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lewis, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rebecca, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roger, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Mosby, John S., <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Motley, John Lothrop, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Mott, Valentine, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Munro, John, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Seaton, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Murray, Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (Lord Dunmore), <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Murat, Achill&eacute;, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Achill&eacute;, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joachim, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Muse, William S., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Myers, Theodorus Bailey, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Napier, Lord, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Napoleon I., <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">III., <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Nau, Madame, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Neil, Robert Elkin, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Elkin, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Neilson, Anthony Bleecker, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bleecker, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth Coles, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Newcomb, Simon, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Newell, George, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Nicholas I., of Russia, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Nicholson, Mrs. Augustus S., <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Niemcewicz, Julian, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ning Ping (a Chinese servant), <a href="#Page_295">295-297</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Noah, Mordecai Manasseh, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Norris, Basil, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William H., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Norton, John Hatley, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Hatley (Louisa Key), <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Nott, Eliphalet (1), <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliphalet (2), <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eliphalet (2), <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Nourse, Charles J. (1), <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles J. (2), <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Josephus, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Josephus, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+O'Brien, Lucius, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.<br />
+<br />
+O'Conor, Charles, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br />
+<br />
+O'Donnell, Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Columbus, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+O'Neal, Peggy, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<br />
+O'Neill, Ellen Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+O'Sullivan, John L., <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ogilvie, John, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Olcott, Mrs. J. Van Vechten, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Oliver, Emily, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Shaw, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Shaw, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Olyphant and Company," <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Olyphant, Robert Morrison, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Morrison, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Onderdonk, Benjamin T., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry M., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry M., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Justine Bibby, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Opie, Mrs. Amelia, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Orleans, Duke of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ossoli, Giovanni Angelo, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Marchionesse, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Otis, Harrison Gray, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Harrison Gray, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James W., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sally, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Owen, John, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Paganini, Nicolo, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Paine, "Dolly," <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick H., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Todd, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Palmer, Aulick, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frances Hailes, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Innis N., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Palmer, James S., <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Palmerston, Lord, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Paris, de, Comte, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Parker, Mrs. Charles Maverick, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodore, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Parmly, Eleazer, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Parrott, Robert P., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125-127</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert P., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Parsons, William H., <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William H., <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Partington, Ike, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Patterson, Carlisle P., <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Carlisle P., <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniel T., <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Patton, John B., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John B., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Paulding, James K., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pauline, Princess, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Payne, Thatcher T., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Peabody, Andrew P., <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth P., <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Pearson, Anna, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josephine, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Pegram, George Herbert, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pelikao, de, Comte, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pemberton, Mr., <a href="#Page_290">290</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pendleton, Edmund, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Penniman, James F., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pennington, Mary, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Perkins, Hamilton, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Perry, Augustus, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Caroline Slidell, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew C., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Matthew C., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Pettigru, James L., <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James L., <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Phelps, Seth Ledyard, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Philip, Mrs. William Henry, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span>Philippe, Louis, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Philips, Frederick, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Philipse, Adolphus, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Wadsworth, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret Gouverneur, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Phillips, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wendell, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Phoenix, John, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Picken, Andrew, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Andrew, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Pickering, Timothy, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Picot, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pierce, Franklin, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Franklin, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Pierpont, John, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pierrepont, Edwards, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pike, Albert, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Pise, Charles Constantine, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pleasanton, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Poe, Edgar Allan, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Poinsett, Joel Roberts, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joel Roberts, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Polk, James K., <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James K., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Poore, Ben Perley, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pope, Alexander, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Porter, Andrew, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Andrew, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David D., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John K., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Post, Catharine Wadsworth, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Potter, Chandler E., <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Chandler E., <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Potts, George, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard M., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Powell, Thomas, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Powers, Hiram, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Preston, Wickliffe, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Price, Cicero, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lilly Warren, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Proctor, Redfield, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br />
+<br />
+"Purden and Company," <a href="#Page_290">290</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Pyne, Smith, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Raasloff, Waldemar Rudolph, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Racine, Jean, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Rainsford, Mr., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ramsay, Francis M., <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Douglas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George Douglas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Randall, Thomas, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Randolph, Anne Cary, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Jefferson, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Mann, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Mann, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rantoul, Robert, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Rathbone, Julia, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ray, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Raymond, Henry J., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Read, George, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Meredith, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Redfern, Joseph, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Reid, George C., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whitelaw, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Relf, Richard, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Remington, Mrs. Thomas Pym, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Renwick, James, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane Jeffrey, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Reynolds, Joshua, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Rhett, Charles H., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles H., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas G., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas G., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Richardson, Samuel, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William A., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William A., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Richie, Lady, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[412]</a></span>Ricketts, Mrs. Frances Lawrence, <a href="#Page_361">361-363</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ricketts, James B., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Riggs, George W., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ringgold, Tench, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ripley, George, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ritchie, John, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rives, William C., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William C., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Robertson, Beverly H., <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Robeson, George M., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George M., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Robespierre, M. M. I., <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Robinson, Douglas, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Douglas, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rochambeau, de, Count, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Roche, Regina M., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Rockwell, Almon F., <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Almon F., <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rodgers, C. R. P., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. C. R. P., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert S., <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert S., <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rodney, George B., <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Roe, Emily Maria, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis A., <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis A., <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Hazard, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rogers, John Leverett, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Leverett, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Roothan, John, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ross, Fanny McPherson, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Worthington, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Roulet, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ruggles, Samuel B., <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Rumpff, Vincent, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Countess, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Rush, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+"Russell and Company," <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Russell, Ida, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Ruturfurde (Rutherford), Walter, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Sairs, Mrs. Deborah, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Salles, Laurent, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louise Stephanie, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Sandidge, John M., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sands, Robert C., <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sanford, Henry, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Antonio Lopez, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Saracco, Pierro, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sartiges, de, Eug&egrave;ne, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Comtesse, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Sartoris, Algernon, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Savage, John, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Savile, Baron, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Savile-Lumley, John, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sayre, Mrs. Isaac, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Scarborough, Earl of, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Scarlett, James York MacGregor, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Schenck, James F., <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Schenley, Edward W. H., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Schermerhorn, Abraham, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Schley, Fairfax, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Fairfax, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winfield Scott, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Schmidt, John William, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John William, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Schomberg, Emily, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Schroeder, Francis, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Seaton, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Schurz, Carl, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Schuyler, Mrs. Eugene, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Scott, Adeline Camilla, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cornelia, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marcella ("Ella"), <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert N., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert N., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_61">61-63</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winfield, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103-105</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122-124</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186-188</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193-203</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Winfield, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105-107</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180-184</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span>Scoville, George M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Seabury, Samuel, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Seaton, Caroline, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gales, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Winston, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Winston, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Sedgwick, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Selkirk, Alexander, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Semmes, J. Harrison, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Seth, Margaret Chatham, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sevign&eacute;, de, Madame, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Seward, Olive Risley, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William H., <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Seymour, Charles, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horatio, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Shakespeare, William, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sharp, Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Shelley, Percy Bysshe, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Shelton, Helen K., <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Shepherd, Alexander R., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sherman, William T., <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Shiff, Eugene, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Shillaber, Benjamin P., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Shriver, Edward, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Shubrick, William B., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William B., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Shuster, William M., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sinclair, John, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Skidmore, Lemuel, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Slidell, Jane, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (1), <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93-95</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Slidell, John, Jr., and Company," <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sloane, Samuel, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Small, Elisha, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Smith, Augustine, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Captain, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund Hamilton, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund Hamilton, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gerrit, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gerrit, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hamilton, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henrietta, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry William, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James C., <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Snead, Augustine, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Fayette, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Somerville, William C., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Southard, Samuel L., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia E., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Spaulding, James Reed, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Speed, James, <a href="#Page_343">343-345</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Spencer, John C., <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Spinner, Francis E., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sprigg, Samuel, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stanard, Robert Craig, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Craig, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Stark, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Starkey, Thomas Alfred, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Alfred, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Stephens, Alexander H., <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Steptoe, Ann, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Steuart, Adam Duncan, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adam Duncan, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Steuben, Frederick William, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stevens, John Austin, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Austin, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John C., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John C., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucretia Ledyard, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Stewart, Alexander T., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Campbell F., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lispenard, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Lispenard, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William M., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William M., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+St. Memin, de, Comtesse, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stockton, Francis B., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis B., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert F., <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Story, Joseph, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stout, Edward C., <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jacob, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Minnie, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Strauss, Johann, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Strong, George W., <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span>Strother, Sally, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stuart, Alexander, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gilbert, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert L., <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+"Stuart, R. L. and A.," <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stubs, Alfred, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Stuyvesant, Helen, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas William, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter G., <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Sullivan, George, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Sultan of Zanzibar, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Sumner, Charles, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241-244</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horace, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Surratt, Anna, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Mary E., <a href="#Page_342">342-344</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Suydam, Hendrick, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Swearingen, Mrs. Sarah Henderson, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Swift, Dean, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Syng, William F., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William F., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Taglioni, Maria, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tallmadge, Frederick S., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick S., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Taney, Roger B., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tardy, l'Abb&eacute;, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Target, F., <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tasistro, Louis Fitzgerald, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tayloe, Anne, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin Ogle, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Benjamin Ogle, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Taylor, Franck, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry C., <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Zachary, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tellkampf, John Louis, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tenney, William I., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Thackeray, Anne Isabella, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William M., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Thayer, John E., <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John E., <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Thomas, George H., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George H., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip F., <a href="#Page_315">315-317</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Thomson, Alexander, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Thompson, Smith, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Thorburn, Grant, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Thorndike, Anna, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Thorne, Herman, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Herman, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Thornton, Edward, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady Edward, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane Washington Augusta, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tilden, Samuel J., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tillary, James, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tillotson, Robert Livingston, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Timberlake, John B., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John B., <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Ting Ting (Chinese cook), <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tittmann, Otto H., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Otto H., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tocqueville, de, Alexis, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Todd, Laurie, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Toler, Hugh A., <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hugh A., <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tothammer, Gubriel, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Toutant, Elodie, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tracy, Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Trail, Charles E., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles E., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Travers, William R., <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Trist, Nicholas P., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Trumbull, Lyman, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tuckerman, Bayard, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Lucius, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tupper, Martin Farquhar, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Turnbull, George, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Turner, Thomas, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tuyll, de, Theodore, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Twain, Mark, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Tyler, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252-254</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Tyng, Stephen H. (1), <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen H. (2), <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Ulrich, Mrs. Hannah, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Upshur, John H., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John H., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Van Amringe, John Howard, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Van Buren, Abraham, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anna Vander Poel, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martin, <a href="#Page_30">30-32</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Smith, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Van Cortlandt, Augustus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Augustus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Van Hoesen, George M., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Van Rensselaer, Frank, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John King, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip S., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip S., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Van Karnabeek, A. P. C., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Van Ness, John P., <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vail, Aaron, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David M., <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor Louisa, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eugene, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eugene, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Vance, Mrs. Zebulon B., <a href="#Page_347">347</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vanden Heuvel, Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John C., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Justine, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan Annette, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Vanderbilt, Cornelius, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vandeventer, Mr., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vandyke, Anthony, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Varela, Felix, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vermilye, Thomas E., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vernon, Anna O., <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Verplanck, Mrs. David Johnstone, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gulian C., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa Verplanck, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Verren, Antoine, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vertner, Rosa, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Victoria, Queen, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Villars, Marechal, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vincent, Thomas N., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vinton, Samuel Finley, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Vivans, Louis, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Voltaire, Fran&ccedil;ois M. A., <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Waddell, James J., <a href="#Page_303">303</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Waddington, Madam Kate King, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wadsworth, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James S., <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wainwright, Henrietta, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert D., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert D., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Walbach, John DeBarth, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John J. B., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Walker, George, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wallace, Susan, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wallis, Severn Teackle, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Walton, George (1), <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George (2), <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Octavia, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Ward, Artemus, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elijah, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Elijah, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Warfield, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Warner, Charles Dudley, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Warrington, Lewis, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Washington, Anna Louisa, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bushrod, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Littleton Quinton, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lund, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Milicent, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Grayson, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Watson, Andrew J., <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Watts, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Essex, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Justina, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ridley, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susanna, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wayne, Henry C., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry C., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James M., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Webb, Catharine Louisa, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[416]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Watson, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Webb, William Seward, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Webster, Daniel, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Weir, Robert S., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert S., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert W., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Weller, George J., <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sam, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wellesley, Marquis of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marchionesse of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wellington, Duke of, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.<br />
+<br />
+West, Mary, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wetmore, Prosper M., <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wheatley, Emma, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.<br />
+<br />
+White, Augusta, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph M., <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Whitten, Miss, of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Whittier, John G., <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wickliffe, Margaret Anderson, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wight, Ann G., <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wikoff, Chevalier Henry, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wilcox, John A., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John A., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Mary Donelson, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wilde, Oscar, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wilkes, Charles, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wilkins, Gouverneur, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martin, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wilks, Mrs. Matthew, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Willard, Caleb, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br />
+<br />
+William, King of Prussia, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Williams, Eleazer, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">S. Wells, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Wilberforce, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Willing, Mrs. Thomas M., <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Willis, N. P., <a href="#Page_159">159-161</a>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. N. P., <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Williston, Ralph, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wilson, George T., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George T., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Winans, Beatrice, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ross, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Winthrop, Henry R., <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry R., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Still, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John S., Jr., <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert C., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert C., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah Bowdoin, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wirt, William, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wise, Henry A., <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wolcott, Oliver (1), <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oliver (2), <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wolfe, Udolpho, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Wood, Nina, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Silas, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia Beverly, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Woodhull, Maxwell, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Maxwell, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Worthington, Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Griffith, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wright, Edward, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine Maria, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Silas, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+Wyndham, Earl of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Xavier, Francis, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Young, Notley, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br />
+<br />
+Yturbide, de, Madame Alice, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">de, Angelo, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">de, Augustine, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Zeilin, Jacob, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William F., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<div class='transnote'>
+<h3><a name="transnotes" id="transnotes"></a>Transcriber's Notes</h3>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_7">7</a>: Comberland amended to Cumberland</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_11">11</a>: distingushed amended to distinguished; Semminaries <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_29">29</a>: Hayti <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_52">52</a>: Berault amended to B&eacute;rault</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_53">53</a>: Venitian <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_75">75</a>: Tuilleries amended to Tuileries</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_76">76</a>: racoon <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_80">80</a>: "home Gouverneur Kemble" <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_93">93</a>: dintinguished amended to distinguished</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_123">123</a>: eariler amended to earlier</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_129">129</a>: editon amended to edition</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_155">155</a>: strongely amended to strongly</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_157">157</a>: unsually amended to unusually; it amended to its
+("Brook Farm had its origin....")</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_185">185</a>: Angustine amended to Augustine</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_186">186</a>: Bucknor's <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_227">227</a>: Palmerson amended to Palmerston</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_229">229</a>: Goeffrey Boilleau amended to Geoffrey Boilleau</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_240">240</a>: Fort Sumpter <i>sic</i></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_244">244</a>: Belguim amended to Belgium</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_323">323</a>: comanding amended to commanding</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_372">372</a>: Audenried amended to Audenreid</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_380">380</a>: af amended to of ("spirit of acrimony")</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_384">384</a>: intercouse amended to intercourse</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_395">395</a>: Alfonzo amended to Alfonso</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_396">396</a>: Beaujoir amended to Beaujour; Giuseppi amended to
+Giuseppe</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_398">398</a>: Index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian T. Coffey
+removed and replaced by index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian
+J. Coffey.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_399">399</a>: Daponte amended to Da Ponte</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_405">405</a>: Everiste amended to Evariste; Kantzou amended to
+Kantzow</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_408">408</a>: Marquard amended to Marquand; Isaiah Masten
+amended to Josiah Masters</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_409">409</a>: Lathrop amended to Lothrop</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_410">410</a>: Palmerson amended to Palmerston</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_414">414</a>: Thackaray amended to Thackeray</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_415">415</a>: Louis Vavans (p. 175) has been indexed as Louis
+Vivans.</p>
+
+<p>Hyphenation has generally been standardized. However, when a
+word appears hyphenated and unhyphenated an equal number of
+times, both versions have been retained (churchyard/
+church-yard; earrings/ear-rings; housewarming/house-warming;
+lifelong/life-long; midday/mid-day; stateroom/state-room;
+transcontinental/trans-continental; warships/war-ships).</p>
+
+<p>Accented letters have generally been standardized, unless
+different versions of the word appear an equal number of
+times (cortege/cort&egrave;ge; resistance/r&eacute;sistance).</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: As I Remember
+       Recollections of American Society during the Nineteenth Century
+
+Author: Marian Gouverneur
+
+Release Date: March 22, 2009 [EBook #28384]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS I REMEMBER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+  +------------------------------------------------------------+
+  | Transcriber's Note                                         |
+  |                                                            |
+  | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in        |
+  | this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of   |
+  | this document.                                             |
+  | Text printed using the Greek alphabet in the original book |
+  | is shown as follows: [Greek: logos]                        |
+  | Superscript letters are shown as follows: Jan^y            |
+  | A letter with a breve is shown as follows: [)a]            |
+  +------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+AS I REMEMBER
+
+
+[Illustration: MRS. GOUVERNEUR.]
+
+
+
+
+AS I REMEMBER
+
+_Recollections of American Society
+during the Nineteenth Century_
+
+BY
+
+MARIAN GOUVERNEUR
+
+ILLUSTRATED
+
+NEW YORK AND LONDON
+D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
+1911
+
+
+COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY
+
+D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
+
+Printed in the United States of America
+
+
+
+
+TO THE MEMORY OF
+
+MY FATHER
+
+Judge James Campbell
+
+WHOSE BENIGN INFLUENCE I STILL FEEL
+
+AND TO
+
+MY HUSBAND
+
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr.
+
+THE COMPANION AND PILLAR OF STRENGTH
+
+OF MY LATER YEARS
+
+THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+The rambling personal notes threaded together in these pages were
+written at the urgent request of my family, and have provided a pleasant
+diversion during otherwise lonely hours. The idea of their publication
+was highly distasteful to me until the often repeated importunities of
+many of those whose judgment commands my respect persuaded me that some
+of the facts and incidents I have recalled would prove of interest to a
+large circle of readers. The narrative is concerned with persons and
+events that have interested me during the busy hours of a lengthy life.
+I have been deeply impressed by the changes wrought by time in the modes
+of education, which are now so much at variance with those of my
+childhood, and in the manners and customs of those with whom I have
+mingled.
+
+I should be guilty of an act of grave injustice if I failed to express
+my grateful acknowledgments for the aid so unselfishly rendered, in a
+score of ways, by my daughter, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, without which
+these pages would not, and could not, have been written.
+
+M. GOUVERNEUR.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+CHAPTER                                                             PAGE
+
+   I.--EARLY LONG ISLAND DAYS                                          1
+
+  II.--NEW YORK AND SOME NEW YORKERS                                  21
+
+ III.--SCHOOL-DAYS AND EARLY FRIENDS                                  50
+
+  IV.--LIFE AND EXPERIENCES IN THE METROPOLIS                         69
+
+   V.--LONG BRANCH, NEWPORT AND ELSEWHERE                             96
+
+  VI.--SOME DISTINGUISHED ACQUAINTANCES                              118
+
+ VII.--FASHION AND LETTERS                                           138
+
+VIII.--WASHINGTON IN THE FORTIES                                     170
+
+  IX.--SOCIAL LEADERS IN WASHINGTON LIFE                             194
+
+   X.--DIPLOMATIC CORPS AND OTHER CELEBRITIES                        229
+
+  XI.--MARRIAGE AND CONTINUED LIFE IN WASHINGTON                     256
+
+ XII.--SOJOURN IN CHINA AND RETURN                                   288
+
+XIII.--THE CIVIL WAR AND LIFE IN MARYLAND                            312
+
+ XIV.--VISIT TO THE FAR SOUTH AND RETURN TO WASHINGTON               335
+
+  XV.--TO THE PRESENT DAY                                            365
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+PAGE
+
+Mrs. Gouverneur                                           _Frontispiece_
+
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior                                         116
+
+Mrs. John Still Winthrop, _nee_ Armistead, by Sully                  146
+
+Mrs. Charles Eames, _nee_ Campbell, by Gambadella                    178
+
+Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham                  202
+
+Mrs. James Munroe, _nee_ Kortright, by Benjamin West                 258
+
+Miniature of James Monroe, painted in Paris in 1794 by Seme          284
+
+Mrs. Gouverneur's three daughters, Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell
+Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson                          310
+
+
+
+
+AS I REMEMBER
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+EARLY LONG ISLAND DAYS
+
+
+I do not know of a spot where, had I been accorded the selection, I
+should have preferred first to see the light of day, nor one more in
+keeping with the promptings of sentiment, than the southern shore of
+Long Island, N.Y., where I was born. My home was in Queens County, on
+the old Rockaway Road, and often in childhood during storms at sea I
+have heard the waves dash upon the Rockaway beach. Two miles the other
+side of us was the village of Jamaica, and from our windows we caught
+glimpses of the bay that bore its name. My first home was a large
+old-fashioned house on a farm of many acres, ornamented by Lombardy
+poplars which stood on each side of the driveway, a fashion introduced
+into this country by Lafayette. My maternal grandfather, Captain John
+Hazard, who had commanded a privateersman during the Revolution,
+purchased the place from "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet, the first
+Minister of France to the United States, and I have the old parchment
+deed of transfer still in my possession. During the War of the
+Revolution my Grandfather Hazard's ship was captured by Admiral George
+B. Rodney, and I have often heard my mother tell the story she received
+from his lips, to the effect that after he was "comfortably housed in
+irons" on Rodney's ship he overheard a conversation in which his name
+was frequently mentioned. The subject under discussion was the form of
+punishment he deserved, and the cheerful remark reached his ear: "Hang
+the damned rebel." This incident made an indelible impression upon my
+mother's memory, which was emphasized by the fact that her father bore
+the scars of those irons to the day of his death.
+
+I have no recollection of my Grandfather Hazard, as he died soon after
+my birth. Jonathan Hazard, his brother, espoused the English cause
+during the Revolution. This was possibly due to the influences of an
+English mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Owen, of Shropshire. I have
+heard my mother say that her grandmother was a descendant of Dr. John
+Owen, Chaplain of Oliver Cromwell. A piece of silver bearing the Owen
+coat of arms is still in the possession of a member of my family. He
+entered the British navy, changed his name to Carr, and soon rose to the
+rank of Post-Captain. He eventually drifted back to America and died
+unmarried at my grandfather's home on Long Island many years after the
+war. The trite saying that history repeats itself is here forcibly
+illustrated by brother fighting against brother. It brings to mind our
+own fraternal troubles during the Civil War, which can never be effaced
+from memory.
+
+Much of the furniture of my first home was purchased from Citizen Genet
+when my grandfather took possession of the house and farm. We understood
+that the French minister brought it with him from France, and many of
+the pieces, some of which are mahogany, are still in my possession. A
+bedstead which I still occupy has been said to be the first of its
+design brought from France to this country. Hanging in my bedroom is a
+set of engravings entitled "Diligence and Dissipation," after Hogarth,
+and also a handsome old print of the Savior in the Pharisee's House, all
+of which were purchased at the same time. Two alabaster ornaments are
+memories of my earliest childhood, one of which was a column casting a
+shadow that formed a likeness of Louis XVI.
+
+My Grandfather Hazard had many slaves, and I remember hearing of one of
+them who ran away and took with him a carriage and pair of horses, and,
+who, when called to account for the act, threatened my grandfather's
+life. My mother, although suffering from a severe indisposition, ran out
+of the house for succor. The slave was taken into custody, and was
+eventually sent South and sold. Some of the other slaves I well
+remember. Among them was a very old couple with numerous progeny who
+lived not far from us in a hut in the woods on the Hazard estate. In
+subsequent years I heard my mother remark, upon the occasion of a
+marriage in the family connection, that when "Cuff" and "Sary" were
+married her father gave the clergyman five dollars for his services.
+Cuff was an old-fashioned, festive negro born in this country, and with
+the firm belief that existence was bestowed upon him solely for his own
+enjoyment. He possessed a genius for discovering holidays, and added
+many to the calendar that were new to most of us. For example, sometimes
+when he was given a task to accomplish, he would announce that he could
+not work upon that day as it was "Paas Monday," or "Paas Tuesday," and
+so on, continuing as the case required, through the week. He had supreme
+contempt for what he called "Guinea niggers," a term he applied to those
+of his race who came directly from Africa, in contradistinction to those
+who had been born in this country. One of Cuff's predecessors in the
+Hazard family was named Ben, and I have the original deed of his
+purchase from Hendrick Suydam, dated April 28th, 1807. The price paid
+was two hundred dollars.
+
+In the village of Jamaica was a well known academy where my mother
+received the early part of her education. One of her preceptors there
+was the Hon. Luther Bradish, who some years later became Lieutenant
+Governor of the State of New York, and who at the time of his death was
+president of the New York Historical Society. Her education was
+continued at Miss Sarah Pierce's school in Litchfield, Connecticut, one
+of the most fashionable educational institutions of that period. I have
+heard my mother say that, accompanied by her father, she made the
+journey to Litchfield in a chariot, the name applied to carriages in
+those days, this, of course, being before there was any rail
+communication with that place. In close proximity to Miss Pierce's
+establishment was the law school of Judge James Gould, whose pupils were
+a great social resource to Miss Pierce's scholars. This institution was
+patronized by many pupils from the South, and during my mother's time
+John C. Calhoun was one of its students. A few years ago a history of
+the school was published, and a copy of the book was loaned me by the
+late Mrs. Lucius Tuckerman of Washington, whose mother was educated
+there and whose grandfather was the celebrated Oliver Wolcott of
+Connecticut. After my mother's marriage, she and my father visited Miss
+Pierce in Litchfield. This was during the Jackson campaign, while
+political excitement ran so very high that a prominent physician of the
+place remarked to my father, in perfectly good faith, that Jackson could
+not possibly be elected President as he would receive no support from
+Litchfield.
+
+In Jamaica was the last residence of the Honorable Rufus King, our
+minister to England under Washington and twenty years later a candidate
+for the presidency. His son, Charles King, was the beloved President of
+Columbia College in New York, and his few surviving students hold his
+memory in reverence. The house in which the King family resided was a
+stately structure with an _entourage_ of fine old trees. It eventually
+passed into other hands, and a few years ago the entire property was
+generously donated by the Daughters of the American Revolution to the
+town of Jamaica, and is now called "King's Manor."
+
+My grandfather, Captain John Hazard, was about fifty years old at the
+time of his marriage to my grandmother, Miss Leupp, of New Jersey, who
+died soon after, leaving an only child, my mother. A few years later he
+married Lydia Blackwell at her home on Blackwell's Island, which her
+father, Jacob Blackwell, had inherited from his father, Jacob Blackwell,
+the son of Robert Blackwell, who was the progenitor of the family in
+this country and gave his name to the island upon which he resided.
+Several years later Captain Hazard was heard to remark that matrimony
+was a lottery, and that he had drawn two prizes. I have in my possession
+an old letter written by Miss Blackwell to my grandfather previous to
+their marriage, which is so quaint and formal that I am tempted to give
+it in full:
+
+     Miss Blackwell's compliments to Captain Hazard and desires
+     to know how he does--and if well enough will be glad to see
+     him the first leisure day--as she has something of
+     consequence to communicate and is sorry to hear that he has
+     been so much indisposed as to deprive his friends of the
+     pleasure of his company for this last fortnight--May you
+     enjoy every happiness this imperfect estate affords is the
+     sincere wish of your friend,
+
+          L. B.
+
+     Let me see you on Sunday.
+
+     Burn this.
+
+Captain Hazard brought his new bride to the old home on the Rockaway
+Road where I was subsequently born, and she immediately took under her
+protecting wing my mother, who was then but little more than an infant.
+The babe grew and thrived, and never knew until she was a good-sized
+girl that the woman who had so lovingly nurtured her was only a
+step-mother. She learned the fact from a schoolmate who told her out of
+revenge for some fancied wrong; and I shall always remember my mother
+telling me how she hurried home feeling all the time that the cruel
+story was untrue, only to have it confirmed by the lips of the woman who
+had been as affectionate and unselfish as any mother could possibly have
+been to her own child. In subsequent years, when my mother gathered her
+own children around her, she held her step-mother up to us as the
+embodiment of all female virtue and excellence, all of which is
+confirmed by my own recollection of her remarkable character and
+exemplary life.
+
+On the farm adjoining us lived a crusty old bachelor by the name of
+Martin, who in his earlier life had been professionally associated with
+Aaron Burr. No human being was allowed to cross his threshold, but I
+recall that years after his death I saw a large quantity of silver which
+he had inherited, and which bore a martin for a crest. He was a terror
+to all the children in our vicinity, and it was his habit to walk on the
+neighboring roads clad in a dressing gown. More than once as I passed
+him he accosted me with the interrogative, "Are you Nancy Hazard's
+brat?"--a query that invariably prompted me to quicken my pace. Mr.
+Martin kept a fine herd of cattle, among which was an obstreperous bull
+whose stentorian tones were familiar to all the residents of the
+adjoining places. When the children of our household were turbulent my
+mother would often exclaim, "Listen to Martin's bull roaring!" This
+invariably had a soothing effect upon the children, and strange to say
+this trivial incident has descended among my kindred to the fourth
+generation, for my mother's great-grandchildren are as familiar with
+"Martin's bull" as my sisters and brothers and I were in our own
+childhood.
+
+Malcolm Campbell, my paternal grandfather, left Scotland subsequently to
+our Revolution, accompanied by his wife and son James (my father), and
+after a passage of several weeks landed in New York. His wife was Miss
+Lucy McClellan. His father, Alexander Campbell, fought in the battle of
+Culloden, and I have heard my father say that his grandfather's regiment
+marched to the song of:
+
+    "Who wadna fight for Charlie?
+       Who wadna draw the sword?
+     Who wadna up and rally,
+       At their royal prince's word?
+     Think on Scotia's ancient heroes,
+       Think on foreign foes repell'd,
+     Think on glorious Bruce and Wallace,
+       Who the proud usurpers quell'd."
+
+It is said he had previously been sent to Italy to collect arms and
+ammunition for the "Young Pretender," the grandson of James II. The
+battle of Culloden, which was fought on the 16th of April, 1746, and
+which has often been called the "Culloden Massacre," caused the whole
+civilized world to stand aghast. The order of the Duke of Cumberland to
+grant no quarter to prisoners placed him foremost in the ranks of
+"British beasts" that have disgraced the pages of history, and earned
+for him the unenviable title of "The Butcher of Culloden." It has been
+suggested in extenuation of his fiendish conduct that His Grace was
+"deep in his cups" the night before the battle, and that the General to
+whom the order was given, realizing the condition of the Duke, insisted
+that his instructions should be reduced to writing. His Grace thereupon
+angrily seized a playing card from the table where he was engaged in
+gambling, and complied with the request. This card happened to be the
+nine of diamonds, and to this day is known as "the curse of Scotland." A
+long period elapsed before those who had sympathized with the Young
+Pretender's cause were restored to the good graces of the English
+throne, and it was Scotland that was compelled to bear the brunt of the
+royal displeasure. The sins of the fathers were visited upon their
+children, and it is not at all unlikely that the sympathies of Alexander
+Campbell's son, Malcolm (my grandfather), for the last of the House of
+Stuart developed a chain of circumstances that resulted, with other
+causes, in his embarkation for America.
+
+During the early period of my childhood I became familiar with the
+Jacobite songs which my father used to sing, and which had been handed
+down in the Campbell family. I was so deeply imbued during my early life
+with the Jacobite spirit of my forefathers that when I read the account
+in my English history of George I, carrying with him his little
+dissolute Hanoverian Court and crossing the water to England to become
+King of Great Britain, I felt even at that late day that the act was a
+personal grievance. Through the passage of many years a fragment of one
+of these Jacobite songs still rings in my ears:
+
+    "There's nae luck aboot the hoose,
+       There's nae luck ava [at all];
+     There's little pleasure in the hoose
+       When our gude man's awa."
+
+Even now some of those songs appeal to me possibly in the same manner as
+the "Marseillaise" to the French, or the "Ranz de Vaches" to the Swiss
+who have wandered from their mountain homes, or as the strains of our
+national hymn affect my own fellow countrymen in foreign lands, whose
+hearts are made to throb when with uncovered heads they listen, and are
+carried back in memory to the days of "auld lang syne."
+
+My grandfather, Malcolm Campbell, received the degree of Master of Arts
+from the University of St. Andrews, the great school of Scottish
+Latinity, and his diploma conferring upon him that honor is still in the
+possession of his descendants. Before leaving Scotland he had formed an
+intimacy with Andrew Picken, and during the voyage to America enjoyed
+the pleasing companionship of that gentleman together with his wife and
+their two children. Mrs. Picken was the only daughter of Sir Charles
+Burdette of London, whose wife was the daughter of the Earl of Wyndham.
+She and Andrew Picken, who was a native of Stewarton, in Ayrshire, a
+younger branch of a noble family, four years previously had made a
+clandestine marriage and, after vainly attempting to effect a
+reconciliation with her father, resolved upon emigrating to America.
+Their daughter, Mrs. Sara Jane Picken Cohen, widow of the Rev. Dr.
+Abraham H. Cohen of Richmond, Virginia, wrote the memoirs of her life,
+and in describing her parents' voyage to this country says: "It was one
+of those old-time voyages, of nine weeks and three days, from land to
+land, and a very boisterous one it was. There had been a terrific storm,
+which had raged violently for several days." This friendship formed in
+the mother country was naturally much strengthened during the long
+voyage, and when the two families finally reached New York, Mrs. Cohen
+writes: "Here we settled down our two families, strangers in a strange
+land. But the lamp of friendship burned brightly and lit us on the way;
+our children grew up together in early childhood, and as brothers and
+sisters were born in each family they were named in succession after
+each other." It is pleasant to state that this friendship formed so many
+generations ago is still continued in my family, as my daughters and I
+frequently enjoy in our Washington home the pleasing society of Mr. and
+Mrs. Roberdeau Buchanan, the latter of whom is the great granddaughter
+of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Picken.
+
+Soon after his arrival in New York Malcolm Campbell established a
+classical school at 85 Broadway nearly opposite Trinity Church. He
+edited the first American edition of Cicero's orations and of Caesar's
+commentaries, and also revised and corrected and published in 1808
+l'Abbe Tardy's French dictionary. His first edition of Cicero is
+dedicated to the "Right Reverend Benjamin Moore, D.D., Bishop of the
+Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New York, and President of
+Columbia College," and another edition with the same text and imprint is
+dedicated, in several pages of Latin, to the learned Samuel L. Mitchell,
+M.D. He and his wife were buried in the graveyard of the Wall Street
+Presbyterian Church. It may not be inappropriate in this connection to
+refer to another instructor of an even earlier period which has come
+within my notice, who taught reading, writing and arithmetic "with
+becoming accuracy." In _The New York Journal Or The General Advertiser_
+of the 30th of April, 1772, appears the following advertisement:
+
+     THE RESPECTABLE PUBLIC is hereby informed that, agreeable to
+     a former advertisement, a Seminary of Learning was opened at
+     New Brunswick, last November, by the name of _Queen's
+     College_,[1] and also a Grammar School, in order to prepare
+     Youth for the same. Any Parents or Guardians who may be
+     inclined to send their Children to this Institution, may
+     depend upon having them instructed with the greatest Care
+     and Diligence in all the Arts and Sciences usually taught in
+     public Schools; the strictest Regard will be paid to their
+     moral Conduct, (and in a word) to every Thing which may tend
+     to render them a Pleasure to their Friends, and an Ornament
+     to their Species.
+
+     Also to obviate the Objection of some to sending their
+     Children on Account of their small Proficiency in English, a
+     proper Person has been provided, who attends at the Grammar
+     School an Hour a Day, and teaches Reading, Writing and
+     Arithmetic with becoming Accuracy--It is hoped that the
+     above Considerations, together with the healthy and
+     convenient Situation of the Place, on a Pleasant and
+     navigable River, in the midst of a plentiful Country; the
+     Reasonableness of the Inhabitants in the Price of Board, and
+     the easy Access from all Places, either by Land or Water
+     will be esteemed by the considerate Public, as a sufficient
+     Recommendation of this infant College, which (as it is
+     erected upon so Catholic a Plan) will undoubtedly prove
+     _advantageous_ to our new American World, by assisting its
+     SISTER SEMMINARIES to cultivate Piety, Learning, and
+     Liberty.
+
+          _Per Order of the Trustees_,
+
+               FREDERICK FRELINGHUYSEN, Tutor.
+
+     N.B. The Vacation of the College will be expired on
+     Wednesday the 6th of May, any Students then offering
+     themselves shall be admitted into such Class, as (upon
+     Examination) they shall be found capable of entering.
+
+The signer of this interesting advertisement was graduated from
+Princeton College in 1770, and subsequently became a lawyer. His
+distinguished son, Theodore, was widely known as a philanthropist and
+Christian statesman, and at various periods was United States Senator,
+Chancellor of the New York University, President of Rutgers College, a
+candidate for the Vice Presidency of the United States, and President of
+the American Bible Society. A grandson of the signer was the Hon.
+Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, the well remembered United States
+Senator and Secretary of State under President Arthur.
+
+Speaking of the Frelinghuysen family, I recall an amusing story told at
+the expense of Newark, New Jersey. When the late Secretary Frelinghuysen
+presented himself at the gates of Heaven he was surprised not to be
+recognized by St. Peter, who asked him who he was. "I am the Hon.
+Frederick T. Frelinghuysen," was the response. "From where?" "Newark,
+New Jersey." "Newark?" quoth St. Peter, "I never heard of that place,
+but I will look on my list. No, it isn't there. I can not admit you, Mr.
+Frelinghuysen." So the old gentleman proceeded and knocked at another
+gate in the boundless immensity. The devil opened it and looked out. The
+same conversation occurred as with St. Peter. Newark wasn't "on the
+list." "My Heavens, Mr. Satan, am I then doomed to return to Newark?"
+exclaimed the New Jersey statesman, and went back to the Newark
+graveyard.
+
+My father, James Campbell, was born in Callander, Scotland, and, as I
+have before stated, came to this country with his parents as a very
+young child. Both he and his father were clad in their Highland dress
+upon their arrival in New York. His childhood was spent in the great
+metropolis, and he subsequently studied law in Albany, with the Hon.
+Samuel Miles Hopkins, the grandfather of Mrs. Arent Schuyler
+Crowninshield. He was admitted to the bar, and almost immediately became
+a Master in Chancery. In 1821 he was appointed Surrogate of New York, a
+position which he retained for twenty years. He was always a pronounced
+democrat, but notwithstanding this fact he was reappointed ten
+successive times. In 1840, however, the Whig party was in the ascendency
+in the New York Legislature, and through the instrumentality of William
+H. Seward, who introduced a system called "pipe laying," the whole
+political atmosphere was changed. "Pipe laying" was an organized scheme
+for controlling votes, and derived its name from certain political
+manipulations connected with the introduction of Croton water in New
+York City. I have learned in later years that more approved methods are
+frequently used for controlling votes. Modern ethics has discovered a
+more satisfactory method through means of powerful corporations with
+coffers wide open in the holy cause of electing candidates.
+
+This unfortunate state of affairs resulted in the removal of my father
+from office, and he immediately resumed the practice of law. Some of his
+decisions as Surrogate are regarded as precedents to this day. Two of
+the most prominent of these are "Watts and LeRoy vs. Public
+Administrator" (a decision resulting in the establishment of the Leake
+and Watts Orphan House) and "In the matter of the last Will and
+Testament of Alice Lispenard, deceased." He is said to have owned about
+this time the largest private library in New York City, composed largely
+of foreign imprints, as he seemed to have but little regard for American
+editions. The classical portion of his library, especially the volumes
+published in Paris, was regarded as unusually choice and well selected.
+He had also a large collection of Greek Testaments which he read in
+preference to the translations. He owned a copy of Didot's Virgil and I
+have always understood that, with the exception of one owned in the
+Brevoort family of New York, it was at that time the only copy in
+America. He retained his scholarly tastes throughout his whole life, and
+in looking back I delight to picture him as seated in his library
+surrounded by his beloved books. In 1850, about two years after his
+death, his library was sold at auction, the catalogue of which covers
+114 closely printed pages. Among the purchasers were William E. Burton,
+the actor, Chief Justice Charles P. Daly and Henry W. Longfellow.
+
+Professor Charles Anthon of Columbia College dedicated his Horace to my
+father in the following choice words:
+
+                            To
+                  My old & valued friend
+                   James Campbell, Esq.,
+     who, amid the graver duties of a judicial station,
+        can still find leisure to gratify a pure and
+              cultivated taste, by reviving the
+                 studies of earlier years.
+
+The following letter from Professor Anthon, the original of which is
+still retained by the family, was addressed to my mother shortly after
+my father's death.
+
+     COL[UMBIA] COLL[EGE], Sep. 3d 1849.
+
+     Dear Madam,
+
+     I dedicated the accompanying work to your lamented husband
+     in happier years, while he was still in the full career of
+     honourable usefulness; and, now that death has taken him
+     from us, I deem it but right that the volume which bore his
+     name while living, should still continue to be a memento of
+     him. May I request you to accept this humble but sincere
+     tribute to the memory of a most valued friend?
+
+          I remain, very respectfully and truly,
+
+               CHAS. ANTHON.
+
+     Mrs. Campbell,
+          Houston Street.
+
+When Professor Anthon was about forty-eight years of age Edgar Allan Poe
+described him as "about five feet, eight inches in height; rather stout;
+fair complexion; hair light and inclined to curl; forehead remarkably
+broad and high; eye gray, clear, and penetrating; mouth well-formed,
+with excellent teeth--the lips having great flexibility, and consequent
+power of expression; the smile particularly pleasing. His address in
+general is bold, frank, cordial, full of _bonhomie_. His whole air is
+_distingue_ in the best understanding of the term--that is to say, he
+would impress anyone at first sight with the idea of his being no
+ordinary man. He has qualities, indeed, which would have assured him
+eminent success in almost any pursuit; and there are times in which his
+friends are half disposed to regret his exclusive devotion to classical
+literature."
+
+My father was a trustee of the venerable New York Society Library and
+one of the directors of the old United States Bank in Philadelphia; and
+I have in my possession a number of interesting letters from Nicholas
+Biddle, its president, addressed to him and asking his advice and
+counsel. For eighteen years he was a trustee of Columbia College in New
+York, and enjoyed the close friendship of President William A. Duer,
+Reverend and Professor John McVickar, James Renwick, Professor of
+Chemistry, whose mother, Jennie Jeffery, was Burns's "Blue-e'ed
+Lassie," and Professor Charles Anthon, all of whom filled chairs in
+that institution with unquestioned ability. My father was also a member
+of the St. Andrews Society of New York. After his death, President Duer
+in an impressive address alluded to him in the following manner:
+
+"Two of our associates with whom I have been similarly connected and
+have known from boyhood have also departed, leaving sweet memories
+behind them, James Campbell and David S. Jones, the former a scholar and
+a ripe and good one, once honoring the choice of his fellow citizens and
+winning golden opinions as Surrogate of this city and county."
+
+President Duer had a most interesting family of children. His eldest
+married daughter, Frances Maria, was the wife of Henry Shaeffe Hoyt of
+Park Place, and died recently in Newport at a very advanced age. Eleanor
+Jones Duer, another daughter, married George T. Wilson, an Englishman.
+She was a great beauty, bearing a striking resemblance to Fanny Kemble,
+and was remarkable for her strong intellect. Her marriage was
+clandestine, and the cause, as far as I know, was never explained. Still
+another daughter, Elizabeth, married Archibald Gracie King of Weehawken,
+and was a Colonial Dame of much prominence in her later years. She was
+the mother of the authoress, Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer. President
+Duer's wife was Hannah Maria Denning of Fishkill, New York. I knew her
+only as an elderly woman possessing a fine presence and social tastes.
+
+In my early life the students of Columbia College enjoyed playing
+practical jokes upon its dignified professors. As an illustration, I
+remember once seeing the death of Professor Renwick fictitiously
+published in one of the daily journals, much to the sorrow and
+subsequently the indignation of a large circle of friends. Professor
+Anthon, too, although a confirmed bachelor, had to face his turn, and
+his marriage to some unknown bride bearing an assumed name was an
+occasional announcement. But the most amusing feature of the joke would
+appear in the morning, when an emphatic denial would be seen in the
+columns of the same newspaper, accompanied by a quotation in spurious
+Latin. Professor Anthon lived with his two spinster sisters in one of
+the college buildings, and their home was a rendezvous for an
+appreciative younger generation. In connection with his duties at the
+college, he was the head of the Columbia College Grammar School, and I
+have always understood that he strictly followed the scriptural
+injunction not "to spare the rod." His victims were repeatedly heard to
+remark that these flagellations partially counterbalanced the lack of
+exercise which he felt very keenly in his sedentary life. But with all
+his austerity his pupils would occasionally be astonished over the
+amount of humor that he was capable of displaying. His handwriting was
+exquisitely minute in character, and I have in my possession two
+valentines composed by him and sent to me which are quaintly beautiful
+in language and, although sixty years old, are still in a perfect state
+of preservation.
+
+                   _To Miss Marian Campbell._
+    The Campbell is coming! Ye Gentles beware,
+    For Don Cupid lies hid in her dark flowing hair,
+    And her eyes, bright as stars that in mid-heaven roll,
+    Pierce through frock-coat and dickey right into the soul!
+    And ye lips which the coral might envy, I ween,
+    And ye pearl rows that peep from the red lips between,
+    And that soft-dimpled cheek, with the hue of the rose,
+    And that smile which bears conquest wherever it goes,
+    Oh, could I but think that you soon would be mine,
+    I'd send Marian each morning a sweet valentine.
+      Feb'y 14, 1844.
+
+(Written a few years later.)
+
+    Sweet girl! within whose laughing eye
+    A thousand little Cupids lie,
+    While every curl, that floats above
+    Thy noble brow, seems fraught with love.
+
+    Oh, list to me, my loved one, list!
+    Thy Tellkampf's suit no more resist,
+    But give to him, to call his own,
+    A heart where Kings might make their throne.
+
+John Louis Tellkampf, to whom Anthon so facetiously alludes in the
+second valentine, was a young German who frequently came to our house,
+and who, through my father's aid and influence, in subsequent years
+became professor of German in Columbia College. When we first knew him
+he spoke English with much difficulty, and it was a standing joke in our
+household that once when he desired to say that a certain person had
+been born he expressed the fact as "getting alive."
+
+Malcolm Campbell, a younger brother of mine, was graduated in 1850 from
+Columbia College near the head of his class. Among his classmates were
+Charles Seymour, subsequently Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church
+of Illinois, and the distinguished lawyer Frederick R. Coudert, whose
+father kept a boys' French school in Bleecker Street. My brother
+subsequently studied law in the office of Judge Henry Hilton, and for
+many years practiced at the New York bar. Upon a certain occasion he and
+Samuel F. Kneeland were opposing counsel in an important suit during
+which Mr. Kneeland kept quoting from his own work upon "Mechanics'
+Liens." My brother endured this as long as his patience permitted and
+then, slowly rising to his feet, said: "I have cited decisions on the
+point in controversy, but my learned opponent cites nothing except his
+own opinions printed in his own book. With such persistency has he done
+this that I have been tempted to write these lines:
+
+    "Oh, Kneeland! dear Kneeland, pray what do you mean
+     By such a fat book on the subject of Lien?
+     Was it for glory or was it for pelf,
+     Or just for the pleasure of quoting yourself?"
+
+It seems almost needless to add that this doggerel was followed by a
+round of applause, and that Chief Justice Charles P. Daly and Judge
+Joseph F. Daly, as well as Judge George M. Van Hoesen, who were on the
+bench at this time, joined in the merriment.
+
+The commencement exercises of Columbia College, as I remember them, took
+place every summer in St. John's Church opposite St. John's Park, and I
+often attended them in my early days. Columbia College at this period
+was in the lower part of the city between College and Park Places, and
+was the original King's College of colonial days. All of the professors
+lived in the college buildings in a most unostentatious manner, and I
+readily recall frequent instances during my early childhood when, in
+company with my father, I walked to the college and took a simple six
+o'clock supper with Professor Anthon and his sisters.
+
+My mother met my father while visiting in New York, and the acquaintance
+eventually resulted in a runaway marriage. They were married on the 10th
+of June, 1818, and nine days later the following notice appeared in _The
+National Advocate_:
+
+     _Married._
+
+     At Flushing, L.I., by the Rev. Mr. [Barzilla] Buckley, James
+     Campbell esq. of this city, to Miss Mary Ann Hazard,
+     daughter of John Hazard, esq. of Jamaica, Long Island.
+
+The objection of my Grandfather Hazard to my mother's marriage was not
+unnatural, as she was his only child, and being at this time well
+advanced in years he dreaded the separation. But the happy bride
+immediately brought her husband to live in the old home where she had
+been born, where the young couple began their married life under
+pleasing auspices, and my father continued his practice of law in New
+York. I had the misfortune of being a second daughter. Traditionally, I
+know that my grandfather most earnestly desired a grandson at that time,
+and when the nurse announced my birth, she was not sufficiently
+courageous to tell the truth, and said: "A boy, sir!" Her faltering
+manner possibly betrayed her, as the sarcastic retort was: "I dare say,
+an Irish boy."
+
+My ambitious parents sent me with my oldest sister, Fanny, at the early
+age of four, to a school in the village of Jamaica conducted by Miss
+Delia Bacon. My recollection of events occurring at this early period is
+not very vivid, but I still recall the vision of three beautiful women,
+Delia, Alice and Julia Bacon, who presided over our school. This
+interesting trio were nieces of the distinguished author and divine, the
+Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon, who for fifty-seven years was pastor of the
+First Congregational Church of New Haven. Many years subsequent to my
+school days, Delia Bacon became, as is well known, an enthusiastic
+advocate of the Baconian authorship of Shakespeare's plays. I have
+understood that she made a pilgrimage to Stratford-on-Avon hoping to
+secure the proper authority to reopen Shakespeare's grave, a desire,
+however, that remained ungratified. She was a woman of remarkable
+ability, and I have in my possession the book, written by her nephew,
+which tells the story of her life. I was Miss Bacon's youngest pupil,
+and attended school regularly in company with my sister, whither we were
+driven each morning in the family carriage. My studies were not
+difficult, and my principal recollection is my playing out of doors with
+a dog named Sancho, while the older children were busy inside with their
+studies.
+
+During my Long Island life, as a very young child, I was visiting my
+aunts in Jay Street, New York, when I was taken to Grant Thorburn's seed
+shop in Maiden Lane, which I think was called "The Arcade." There was
+much there to delight the childish fancy--canaries, parrots, and other
+birds of varied plumage. Thorburn's career was decidedly unusual. He
+was born in Scotland, where he worked in his father's shop as a
+nailmaker. He came to New York in 1794 and for a time continued at his
+old trade. He then kept a seed store and, after making quite a fortune,
+launched into a literary career and wrote under the _nom de plume_ of
+"Laurie Todd."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Now Rutgers College.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+NEW YORK AND SOME NEW YORKERS
+
+
+About 1828 my parents moved to New York, and immediately occupied the
+house, No. 6 Hubert Street, purchased by my father, and pleasantly
+located a short distance from St. John's Park, then the fashionable
+section of the city. This park was always kept locked, but it was the
+common play-ground of the children of the neighborhood, whose families
+were furnished with keys, as is the case with Gramercy Park to-day. St.
+John's Church overlooked this park, and the houses on the other three
+sides of the square were among the finest residences in the city. Many
+of them were occupied by families of prominence, among which were those
+of Watts, Gibbes, Kemble, Hamilton and Smedberg. Next door to us on
+Hubert Street lived Commander, subsequently Rear Admiral, Charles
+Wilkes, U.S.N., and his young family. His first wife was Miss Jane
+Jeffrey Renwick, who was a sister of Professor James Renwick of Columbia
+College, and after her death he married Mary Lynch, a daughter of Henry
+Lynch of New York and the widow of Captain William Compton Bolton of the
+Navy. This, of course, was previous to his naval achievements, which are
+such well known events in American history. In after life Admiral and
+Mrs. Wilkes moved to Washington, D.C., where I renewed my friendship of
+early days and where members of his family still reside, beloved and
+respected by the whole community.
+
+Mr. Thomas S. Gibbes of South Carolina, whose wife was Miss Susan
+Annette Vanden Heuvel, daughter of John C. Vanden Heuvel, a wealthy
+land owner, lived on Hudson Street, facing St. John's Park. Their elder
+daughter Charlotte Augusta, who married John Jacob Astor, son of William
+B. Astor, was an early playmate of mine, and many pleasant memories of
+her as a little girl cluster around St. John's Park, where we romped
+together. When I first knew the Gibbes family it had recently returned
+from a long residence in Paris, an unusual experience in these days, and
+both Charlotte Augusta and her younger sister, Annette Gibbes, sang in a
+very pleasing manner French songs, which were a decided novelty to our
+juvenile ears. Mrs. Gibbes's sisters were Mrs. Gouverneur S. Bibby and
+Mrs. John C. Hamilton.
+
+Directly opposite St. John's Park, on the corner of Varick and Beach
+streets, was Miss Maria Forbes's school for young girls, which was the
+fashionable school of the day. I attended it in company with my sister
+Fanny and my brother James who was my junior. Miss Forbes occasionally
+admitted boys to her school when accompanied by older sisters. Our life
+there was regulated in accordance with the strictest principles of
+learning and etiquette, and a child would have been deficient indeed who
+failed to acquire knowledge under the tuition of such an able teacher.
+School commenced promptly at eight o'clock and continued without
+intermission until three.
+
+The principal of the school was the daughter of John Forbes, who for
+thirty years was the librarian of the New York Society Library. He was a
+native of Aberdeen in Scotland, and was brought to this country in
+extreme youth by a widowed mother of marked determination and piety,
+with the intention of launching him successfully in life. He early
+displayed a fondness for books, and must have shown an uncommon maturity
+of mind and much executive ability, as he was only nineteen when he was
+appointed to the position just named. It is an interesting fact that he
+accepted the librarianship in 1798 with a salary of two hundred and
+fifty dollars a year in addition to the fines and two and a half per
+cent. upon all moneys collected, besides the use or rental of the lower
+front room of the library building. After many years of labor his salary
+was raised to five hundred dollars. Upon his death in October, 1824, the
+trustees, out of respect to his memory, voted to attend his funeral in a
+body and ordered the library closed for the remaining four days of the
+week. He married Miss Martha Skidmore, daughter of Lemuel Skidmore, a
+prominent iron and steel merchant of New York, and I have no doubt that
+Maria Forbes, their daughter and my early teacher, inherited her
+scholarly tastes from her father, of whom Dr. John W. Francis in his
+"Old New York" justly speaks as a "learned man."
+
+Miss Forbes was a pronounced disciplinarian, and administered one form
+of punishment which left a lasting impression upon my memory. For
+certain trivial offenses a child was placed in a darkened room and
+clothed in a tow apron. One day I was subjected to this punishment for
+many hours, an incident which naturally I have never yet been able to
+forget. On the occasion referred to Miss Forbes was obliged to leave the
+schoolroom for a few minutes and, unfortunately for my happiness,
+appointed my young brother James to act as monitor during her absence.
+His first experience in the exercise of a little authority evidently
+turned his head, for upon the return of our teacher I was reported for
+misbehavior. The charge against me was that I had smiled. It is too long
+ago to remember whether or not it was a smile of derision, but upon
+mature reflection I think it must have been. I knew, however, in my
+childish heart that I had committed no serious offense and, as can
+readily be imagined, my indignation was boundless. It was the first act
+of injustice I had ever experienced. Feeling that the punishment was
+undeserved, and smarting under it, with abundance of leisure upon my
+hands, I bit the tough tow apron into many pieces. When Miss Forbes
+after a few hours, which seemed to me an eternity, came to relieve me
+from my irksome position and noticed the condition of the apron, she
+regaled me with a homily upon the evils of bad temper, and gave as
+practical illustrations the lives of some of our most noted criminals,
+all of whom had expiated their crimes upon the gallows.
+
+In recalling these early school days it seems to me that the rudiments
+of education received far more attention then than now. Spelling was
+regarded as of chief importance and due consideration was given to
+grammar. There were no "frills" then, such as physical culture, manual
+training and the like, and vacation lasted but thirty days, usually
+during the month of August. Some of my earliest friendships were formed
+at Miss Forbes's school, many of which I have retained through a long
+life. Among my companions and classmates were the Tillotsons, Lynches,
+Astors, Kembles, Hamiltons, Duers, and Livingstons.
+
+But in spite of the severe discipline of Miss Forbes's school, her
+pupils occasionally engaged in current gossip. It was in her schoolroom
+I first made the discovery that this earth boasted of such valuable
+adjuncts to the human family as title-bearing gentlemen, and in this
+particular case it was a live Count that was brought to my notice. Count
+Louis Fitzgerald Tasistro had recently arrived in New York, and his
+engagement to Adelaide Lynch, a daughter of Judge James Lynch, of an old
+New York family, was soon announced. On the voyage to America he had
+made the acquaintance of a son of Lord Henry Gage of England, whose
+principal object in visiting this country was to make the acquaintance
+of his kinsman, Mr. Gouverneur Kemble. Through his instrumentality
+Tasistro was introduced into New York's most exclusive set, and soon
+became the lion of the hour. We girls discussed the engagement and
+subsequent marriage of the distinguished foreigner (_sub rosa_, of
+course), and to our childish vision pictured a wonderful career for this
+New York girl. The marriage, however, soon terminated unfortunately, and
+to the day of his death Tasistro's origin remained a mystery. He was an
+intellectual man of fine presence and skilled in a number of foreign
+languages. He claimed he was a graduate of Dublin College. Many years
+later, after I had become more familiar with title-bearing foreigners,
+Tasistro again crossed my path in Washington, where he was acting as a
+translator in the State Department; but after a few years, owing to an
+affection of the eyes, he was obliged to give up this position, and his
+condition was one of destitution. Through the instrumentality of my
+husband he obtained an annuity from his son, whom, by the way, he never
+knew; and for some years, in a spirit of gratitude, taught my children
+French. His last literary effort was the translation of the first two
+volumes of the Comte de Paris's "History of the Civil War in America."
+His devotion to my husband was pathetic, and I have frequently heard the
+Count say during the last years of his life that he never met him
+without some good fortune immediately following.
+
+After Mr. Gouverneur's death I received the following letter from
+Tasistro, which is so beautiful in diction that I take pleasure in
+inserting it:
+
+     WASHINGTON, April 26, 1880.
+
+     My dear Mrs. Gouverneur,
+
+     Had I obeyed implicitly the impulses of my heart, or been
+     less deeply affected by the great loss which will ever
+     render the 5th of April a day of sad & bitter memories to
+     me, I should perhaps have been more expeditious in rendering
+     to you the poor tribute of my condolence for the terrible
+     bereavement which it has pleased the Supreme Ruler of all
+     things to afflict you with.
+
+     My own particular grief in thus losing the best & most
+     valued friend I ever had on earth, receives additional
+     poignancy from the fact that, although duly impressed with
+     an abiding sense of the imperishable obligation, conferred
+     upon me by my lamented friend, I have been debarred, by my
+     own physical infirmities, from proffering those services
+     which it would have afforded me so much consolation to
+     perform.
+
+     I should be loath, however, to start on my own journey for
+     that shadowy land whose dim outlines are becoming daily more
+     & more visible to my mental eye, without leaving some kind
+     of record attesting to the depth of my appreciation of all
+     the noble attributes which clustered around your husband's
+     character--of my intense & lasting gratitude for his
+     generous exertions in my behalf, & my profound sympathy for
+     you personally in this hour of sorrow & affliction.
+
+     Hoping that you may find strength adequate to the emergency,
+     I remain, with great respect,
+
+          Your devoted servant,
+
+               L. F. TASISTRO.
+
+A valued friend of my father's was Dr. John W. Francis, the "Doctor
+Sangrado" of this period, who, with other practitioners of the day,
+believed in curing all maladies by copious bleeding and a dose of
+calomel. He was the fashionable physician of that time and especially
+prided himself upon his physical resemblance to Benjamin Franklin. He
+had much dramatic ability of a comic sort, and I have often heard the
+opinion expressed that if he had adopted the stage as a profession he
+would have rivalled the comedian William E. Burton, who at this time was
+delighting his audiences at Burton's Theater on Chambers Street. In my
+early life when Dr. Francis was called to our house professionally the
+favorite dose he invariably prescribed for nearly every ailment was
+"calomel and jalap."
+
+One day during school hours at Miss Forbes's I was suddenly summoned to
+return to my home. I soon discovered after my arrival that I was in the
+presence of a tribunal composed of my parents and Dr. Francis. I was
+completely at a loss to understand why I was recalled with, what seemed
+to me, such undue haste, as I was entirely unconscious of any
+misdemeanor. I soon discovered, however, that I was in great trouble. It
+seems that a young girl from Santa Cruz, a boarding pupil at our school,
+had died of a malady known at this period as "iliac passion," but now as
+appendicitis. Her attending physician was Dr. Ralph I. Bush, a former
+surgeon in the British Navy, and I soon learned to my dismay that I was
+accused of having made an indiscreet remark in regard to his management
+of my schoolmate's case, although to this day I have never known exactly
+how Dr. Francis, as our family physician, was involved in the affair. I
+stood up as bravely as I could under a rigid cross-examination, but,
+alas! I had no remembrance whatever of making any remark that could
+possibly offend. At any rate, Dr. Bush had given Dr. Francis to
+understand that he was ready to settle the affair according to the
+approved method of the day; but Dr. Francis was a man of peace, and had
+no relish for the code. Possibly, with the reputed activity of Sir
+Lucius O'Trigger, Dr. Bush had already selected his seconds, as I have
+seldom seen a man more unnerved than Dr. Francis by what proved after
+all to be only a trifling episode. Soon after my trying interview,
+however, explanations followed, and the two physicians amicably adjusted
+the affair.
+
+It seems that this unfortunate entanglement arose from a
+misunderstanding. There were two cases of illness at Miss Forbes's
+school at the same time, the patient of Dr. Bush already mentioned and
+another child suffering from a broken arm whom Dr. Francis attended. He
+set the limb but, as he was not proficient as a surgeon, the act was
+criticized by the schoolgirls within my hearing. My sense of loyalty to
+my family doctor caused me to utter some childish remark in his defense
+which was possibly to the effect that he was a great deal better doctor
+than Dr. Bush, who had failed to save the life of our late schoolmate.
+In recalling this childish episode which caused me so much anxiety I am
+surprised that such unnecessary attention was paid to the passing remark
+of a mere child.
+
+Dr. Francis was as proficient in quoting wise maxims as Benjamin
+Franklin, whom he was said to resemble. One of them which I recall is
+the epitome of wisdom: "If thy hand be in a lion's mouth, get it out as
+fast as thou canst."
+
+I may here state, by the way, that in close proximity to Dr. Francis's
+residence on Bond Street lived Dr. Eleazer Parmly, the fashionable
+dentist of New York. He stood high in public esteem and a few still
+living may remember his pleasing address. He accumulated a large fortune
+and I believe left many descendants.
+
+The girls at Miss Forbes's school were taught needle work and
+embroidery, for in my early days no young woman's education was regarded
+as complete without these accomplishments. I quote from memory an
+elaborate sampler which bore the following poetical effusion:
+
+    What is the blooming tincture of the skin,
+    To peace of mind and harmony within?
+    What the bright sparkling of the finest eye
+    To the soft soothing of a kind reply?
+
+    Can comeliness of form or face so fair
+    With kindliness of word or deed compare?
+    No. Those at first the unwary heart may gain,
+    But these, these only, can the heart retain.
+
+It seems remarkable that after spending months in working such effusive
+lines, or others similar to them, Miss Forbes's pupils did not become
+luminaries of virtue and propriety. If they did not their failure
+certainly could not be laid at the door of their preceptress.
+
+Miss Forbes personally taught the rudiments but Mr. Luther Jackson, the
+writing master, visited the school each day and instructed his scholars
+in the Italian style of chirography. Mr. Michael A. Gauvain taught
+French so successfully that in a short time many of us were able to
+place on the amateur boards a number of French plays. Our audiences were
+composed chiefly of admiring parents, who naturally viewed the
+performances with paternal partiality and no doubt regarded us as
+incipient Rachels. I remember as if it were only yesterday a play in
+which I took one of the principal parts--"Athalie," one of Jean Racine's
+plays.
+
+This mode of education was adopted in Paris by Madame Campan, the
+instructor of the French nobility as well as of royalty during the First
+Empire. In her manuscript memoirs, addressed to the children of her
+brother, "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet, who was then living in America,
+and of which I have an exact copy, she dwells upon the histrionic
+performances by her pupils, among whom were Queen Hortense and my
+husband's aunt, Eliza Monroe, daughter of President James Monroe and
+subsequently the wife of Judge George Hay of Virginia. She gives a
+graphic account of the Emperor attending one of these plays, when
+"Esther," one of Racine's masterpieces, was performed.
+
+The dancing master, who, of course, was an essential adjunct of every
+well regulated school, was John J. Charraud. He was a refugee from Hayti
+after the revolution in that island, and opened his dancing-school in
+New York on Murray Street, but afterwards gave his "publics" in the City
+Hall. He taught only the cotillion and the three-step waltz and came to
+our school three times a week for this purpose. Much attention was given
+to poetry, and I still recall the first piece I committed to memory,
+"Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man." My father thoroughly believed in
+memorizing verse, and he always liberally rewarded me for every piece I
+was able to recite. I may state, by the way, that Blair's Rhetoric was
+a textbook of our school and the one which I most enjoyed.
+
+Miss Forbes had a number of medals which the girls were allowed to wear
+at stated periods for proficiency in their studies as well as for
+exemplary deportment. There was one of these which was known as the
+"excellence medal," and the exultant pupil upon whom it was bestowed was
+allowed the privilege of wearing it for two weeks. Upon it was inscribed
+the well known proverb of Solomon, "Many daughters have done virtuously,
+but thou excellest them all."
+
+Among the pleasant memories of my early life are the dinners given by my
+father, when the distinguished men of the day gathered around his
+hospitable board. In New York at this time all the professional cooks
+and waiters in their employ were colored men. Butlers were then unknown.
+It was also before the days of _a la Russe_ service, and I remember
+seeing upon some of these occasions a saddle of venison, while at the
+opposite end of the table there was always a Westphalia ham. Fresh
+salmon was considered a _piece de resistance_. Many different wines were
+always served, and long years later in a conversation with Gov. William
+L. Marcy, who was a warm friend of my father, he told me he was present
+on one of these occasions when seven different varieties of wine were
+served. I especially remember a dinner given by him in honor of Martin
+Van Buren. He was Vice-President of the United States at the time and
+was accompanied to New York by John Forsyth of Georgia, a member of
+Jackson's cabinet. Some of the guests invited to meet him were Gulian C.
+Verplanck, Thomas Morris, John C. Hamilton, Philip Hone and Walter
+Bowne. The day previous to this dinner my father received the following
+note from Mr. Van Buren:
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     Our friend Mr. Forsyth, is with me and you must send him an
+     invitation to dine with you to-morrow if, as I suppose is
+     the case, I am to have that honor.
+
+          Yours truly,
+
+               M. VAN BUREN.
+               Sunday, June 9, '33.
+
+     J. Campbell, Esq.
+
+Martin Van Buren was a political friend of my father's from almost his
+earliest manhood. Two years after he was appointed Surrogate he received
+the following confidential letter from Mr. Van Buren. As will be seen,
+it was before the days when he wrote in full the prefix "Van" to his
+name:
+
+     _Private._
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     Mr. Hoyt wishes me to quiet your apprehensions on the
+     subject of the Elector.[2] I will state to you truly how the
+     matter stands. My sincere belief is that we shall succeed;
+     at the same time I am bound to admit that the subject is
+     full of difficulties. If the members were now, and without
+     extraneous influence, to settle the matter, the result would
+     be certain. But I know that uncommon exertions have been,
+     and are making, by the outdoor friends of Adams & Clay to
+     effect a co-operation of their forces in favor of a divided
+     ticket. Look at the "National Journal" of the 23d, and you
+     will find an article, prepared with care, to make influence
+     there. A few months ago Mr. Adams would have revolted at
+     such a publication. It is the desperate situation of his
+     affairs that has brought him to it. The friends of Clay
+     (allowing Adams more strength than he may have), have no
+     hopes of getting him (Clay) into the house, unless they get
+     a part of this State. The certain decline of Adams in other
+     parts & the uncertainty of his strength in the east alarm
+     his friends on the same point. Thus both parties are led to
+     the adoption of desperate measures. Out of N. England Adams
+     has now no reason to expect more than his three or four
+     votes in Maryland. A partial discomfiture in the east may
+     therefore bring him below Mr. Clay's western votes, & if it
+     should appear that he (Adams) cannot get into the house, the
+     western votes would go to Crawford. If nothing takes place
+     materially to change the present state of things, we hope to
+     defeat their plans here. But if you lose your Assembly
+     ticket, there is no telling the effect it may produce, & my
+     chief object in being thus particular with you is to conjure
+     your utmost attention to that subject. About the Governor's
+     election there is no sort of doubt. I am not apt to be
+     confident, & _I aver that the matter is so._ But it is to
+     the Assembly that interested men look, and the difference of
+     ten members will (with the information the members can have
+     when they come to act) be decisive in the opinion of the
+     present members as to the complexion of the next house.
+     There are _other points of view_ which I cannot now state to
+     you, in which the result I speak of may seriously affect the
+     main question. Let me therefore entreat your serious
+     attention to this matter. _Be careful of this._ Your city is
+     a gossiping place, & what you tell to one man in confidence
+     is soon in the mouths of hundreds. You can impress our
+     friends on this subject without connecting me with it. Do
+     so.
+
+          Your sincere friend,
+
+               M. V. BUREN.
+               Albany, Octob. 28, 1824.
+
+     James Campbell, Esq.
+
+The Mr. Hoyt referred to in the opening sentence of this letter was
+Jesse Hoyt, another political friend of my father's who, under Van
+Buren's administration, was Collector of the Port of New York. During my
+child life on Long Island he made my father occasional visits, and in
+subsequent years lived opposite us on Hubert Street. He was the first
+one to furnish me with a practical illustration of man's perfidy. As a
+very young child I consented to have my ears pierced, when Mr. Hoyt
+volunteered to send me a pair of coral ear-rings, but he failed to carry
+out his promise. I remember reading some years ago several letters
+addressed to Hoyt by "Prince" John Van Buren which he begins with "Dear
+Jessica."
+
+Table appointments at this time were most simple and unostentatious.
+Wine coolers were found in every well regulated house, but floral
+decorations were seldom seen. At my father's dinners, given upon special
+occasions, the handsome old silver was always used, much of which
+formerly belonged to my mother's family. The forks and spoons were of
+heavy beaten silver, and the knives were made of steel and had ivory
+handles. Ice cream was always the dessert, served in tall pyramids, and
+the universal flavor was vanilla taken directly from the bean, as
+prepared extracts were then unknown. I have no recollection of seeing
+ice water served upon any well-appointed table, as modern facilities for
+keeping it had yet to appear, and cold water could always be procured
+from pumps on the premises. The castors, now almost obsolete, containing
+the usual condiments, were _de rigueur_; while the linen used in our
+home was imported from Ireland, and in some cases bore the coat of arms
+of the United States with its motto, "_E Pluribus Unum_." My father's
+table accommodated twenty persons and the dinner hour was three o'clock.
+These social functions frequently lasted a number of hours, and when it
+became necessary the table was lighted by lamps containing sperm oil and
+candles in candelabra. These were the days when men wore ruffled shirt
+fronts and high boots.
+
+I still have in my possession an acceptance from William B. Astor, son
+of John Jacob Astor, to a dinner given by my father, written upon very
+small note paper and folded in the usual style of the day:
+
+     Mr. W. Astor will do himself the honor to dine with Mr.
+     Campbell to-day agreeable to his polite invitation.
+
+     May 28th.
+
+     James Campbell Esq.
+          Hubert Street.
+
+I well remember a stag dinner given by my father when I was a child at
+which one of the guests was Philip Hone, one of the most efficient and
+energetic Mayors the City of New York has ever had. He is best known
+to-day by his remarkable diary, edited by Bayard Tuckerman, which is a
+veritable storehouse of events relating to the contemporary history of
+the city. Mr. Hone had a fine presence with much elegance of manner, and
+was truly one of nature's noblemen. Many years ago Arent Schuyler de
+Peyster, to whom I am indebted for many traditions of early New York
+society, told me that upon one occasion a conversation occurred between
+Philip Hone and his brother John, a successful auctioneer, in which the
+latter advocated their adoption of a coat of arms. Philip's response was
+characteristic of the man: "I will have no arms except those Almighty
+God has given me."
+
+In this connection, and _apropos_ of heraldic designs and their
+accompaniments, I have been informed that the Hon. Daniel Manning,
+Cleveland's Secretary of the Treasury, used upon certain of his cards of
+invitation a crest with the motto, "Aquila non capit muscas" ("The eagle
+does not catch flies"). This brings to my mind the following anecdote
+from a dictionary of quotations translated into English in 1826 by D. N.
+McDonnel: "Casti, an Italian poet who fled from Russia on account of
+having written a scurrilous poem in which he made severe animadversions
+on the Czarina and some of her favorites, took refuge in Austria. Joseph
+II. upon coming in contact with him asked him whether he was not afraid
+of being punished there, as well as in Russia, for having insulted his
+high friend and ally. The bard's steady reply was 'Aquila non capit
+muscas.'" Sir Francis Bacon, however, was the first in the race, as long
+before either Manning or Casti were born he made use of these exact
+words in his "Jurisdiction of the Marshes."
+
+In my early days John H. Contoit kept an ice cream garden on Broadway
+near White Street, and it was the first establishment of this kind, as
+far as I know, in New York. During the summer months it was a favorite
+resort for many who sought a cool place and pleasant society, where they
+might eat ice cream under shady vines and ornamental lattice work. The
+ice cream was served in high glasses, and the price paid for it was
+twelve and one-half cents. Nickles and dimes were of course unknown, but
+the Mexican shilling, equivalent to twelve and one-half cents, and the
+quarter of a dollar, also Mexican, were in circulation.
+
+There were no such places as lunchrooms and tearooms in my early days,
+and the only restaurant of respectability was George W. Browne's "eating
+house," which was largely frequented by New Yorkers. The proprietor had
+a very pretty daughter, Mrs. Coles, who was brought prominently before
+the public in the summer of 1841 as the heroine of an altercation
+between August Belmont and Edward Heyward, a prominent South Carolinian,
+followed by a duel in Maryland in which Belmont is said to have been so
+seriously wounded as to retain the scars until his death.
+
+Alexander T. Stewart's store, corner of Broadway and Chambers Street,
+was the fashionable dry goods emporium, and for many years was without a
+conspicuous rival. William I. Tenney, Horace Hinsdale, Henry Gelston,
+and Frederick and Henry G. Marquand were jewelers. Tenney's store was on
+Broadway near Murray Street; Gelston's was under the Astor House on the
+corner of Barclay Street and Broadway; Hinsdale's was on the east side
+of Broadway and Cortlandt Street; and the Marquands were on the west
+side of Broadway between Cortlandt and Dey Streets.
+
+James Leary bore the palm in New York as the fashionable hatter, and his
+shop was on Broadway under the Astor House. As was usual then with his
+craft, he kept individual blocks for those of his customers who had
+heads of unusual dimensions. In his show window he sometimes exhibited a
+block of remarkable size which was adapted to fit the heads of a
+distinguished trio, Daniel Webster, General James Watson Webb, and
+Charles Augustus Davis. Miss Anna Leary of Newport, his daughter and a
+devout Roman Catholic, received the title of Countess from the Pope.
+
+The most prominent hostelry in New York before the days of the Astor
+House was the City Hotel on lower Broadway. I have been informed that
+the site upon which it stood still belongs to representatives of the
+Boreel family, descendants of the first John Jacob Astor. Another, but
+of a later period, was the American Hotel on Broadway near the Astor
+House. It was originally the town house of John C. Vanden Heuvel, a
+member of one of New York's most exclusive families. Upon Mr. Vanden
+Heuvel's death this house passed into the possession of his son-in-law,
+John C. Hamilton, who changed it into a hotel. Its proprietor was
+William B. Cozzens, who was so long and favorably known as a hotel
+proprietor. At this same time he had charge of the only hotel at West
+Point, and it was named after him. If any army officers survive who were
+cadets during Cozzens's _regime_ they will recall with pleasure his
+kindly bearing and attractive manner. Mr. Vanden Heuvel's country
+residence was in the vicinity of Ninetieth Street overlooking the Hudson
+River. His other daughters were Susan Annette, who married Mr. Thomas S.
+Gibbes of South Carolina, and Justine, who became the wife of Gouverneur
+S. Bibby, a cousin of my husband.
+
+As I first remember Union Square it was in the outskirts of the city.
+Several handsome houses had a few years previously been erected there by
+James F. Penniman, the son-in-law of Mr. Samuel Judd, the latter of whom
+amassed a large fortune by the manufacture and sale of oil and candles.
+Miss Lydia Kane, a sister of the elder De Lancey Kane and a noted wit of
+the day, upon a certain occasion was showing some strangers the sights
+of New York, and in passing these houses was asked by whom they were
+occupied. "That one," she responded, indicating the one in which the
+Pennimans themselves lived, "is occupied by one of the _illuminati_ of
+the city."
+
+Robert L. Stuart and his brother Alexander were proprietors of a large
+candy store on the corner of Chambers and Greenwich Streets, under the
+firm name of R. L. & A. Stuart. Their establishment was a favorite
+resort of the children of the day, who were as much addicted to sweets
+as are their more recent successors. "Broken candy" was a specialty of
+this firm, and was sold at a very low price. Alexander Stuart frequently
+waited upon customers, and as a child I have often chattered with him
+over the counter. He never married.
+
+The principal markets were Washington on the North River, and Fulton on
+the east side. The marketing was always done by the mistress of each
+house accompanied by a servant bearing a large basket. During the season
+small girls carried strawberries from door to door, calling out as they
+went along; and during the summer months hot corn, carried in closed
+receptacles made for the purpose, was sold by colored men, whose cries
+could be heard in every part of the city.
+
+Mrs. Isaac Sayre's bakery was an important shop for all housewives, and
+her homemade jumbles and pound cake were in great demand. Her plum cake,
+too, was exceptionally good, and it is an interesting fact that it was
+she who introduced cake in boxes for weddings. Her shop survived for an
+extraordinary number of years and, as far as I know, may still exist and
+be kept by some of her descendants.
+
+I must not omit to speak of a peculiar custom which in this day of
+grace, when there are no longer any old women, seems rather odd. A
+woman immediately after her marriage wore a cap made of some light
+material, which she invariably tied with strings under her chin. Most
+older women were horrified at the thought of gray hairs, and immediately
+following their appearance false fronts were purchased, over which caps
+were worn. I well recall that some of the most prominent women of the
+day concealed fine heads of hair in this grotesque fashion. Baldheaded
+men were not tolerated, and "scratches" or wigs provided the remedy.
+Marriage announcements were decidedly informal. When the proper time
+arrived for the world to be taken into the confidence of a young couple,
+they walked upon Broadway arm in arm, thus announcing that their
+marriage was imminent.
+
+A dinner given in my young days by my parents to Mr. and Mrs. William C.
+Rives still lingers in my memory. Mr. Rives had just been appointed to
+his second mission to France, and with his wife was upon the eve of
+sailing for his new post of duty. I remember that it was a large
+entertainment, but the only guests whom I recall in addition to the
+guests of honor were Mr. and Mrs. James A. Hamilton. He was a son of
+Alexander Hamilton, and was at the time United States District Attorney
+in New York. It seems strange, indeed, that the other guests should have
+escaped my memory, but a head-dress worn by Mrs. Hamilton struck my
+young fancy and I have never forgotten it. As I recall that occasion I
+can see her handsome face surmounted by a huge fluffy pink cap. This Mr.
+and Mrs. Hamilton were the parents of Alexander Hamilton, the third, who
+married Angelica, daughter of Maturin Livingston, and who, by the way,
+as I remember, was one of the most graceful dancers and noted belles of
+her day.
+
+Thomas Morris, son of Robert Morris the great financier of the
+Revolution, was my father's life-long friend. He was an able
+_raconteur_, and I recall many conversations relating to his early
+life, a portion of which had been spent in Paris at its celebrated
+Polytechnic School. One incident connected with his career is especially
+interesting. When the sordid Louis Philippe, then the Duke of Orleans,
+was wandering in this country, teaching in his native tongue "the young
+idea how to shoot," he was the guest for a time of Mr. Morris. Several
+years later when John Greig, a Scotchman and prominent citizen of
+Canandaigua, New York, was about to sail for France, Mr. Morris gave him
+a letter of introduction to the Duke. Upon his arrival in Havre after a
+lengthy voyage he found much to his surprise that Louis Philippe was
+comfortably seated upon the throne of France. Under these altered
+conditions he hesitated to present his letter, but after mature
+consideration sought an audience with the new King; and it is a pleasing
+commentary upon human nature to add that he was welcomed with open arms.
+The King had by no means forgotten the hospitality he had received in
+America, and especially the many favors extended by the Morris family.
+Mr. Morris's wife was Miss Sarah Kane, daughter of Colonel John Kane,
+and she was beautiful even in her declining years. She also possessed
+the wit so characteristic of the Kanes, who, by the way, were of Celtic
+origin, being descended from John Kane who came from Ireland in 1752.
+She was the aunt of the first De Lancey Kane, who married the pretty
+Louisa Langdon, the granddaughter of John Jacob Astor. Their daughter,
+Emily Morris, made frequent visits to our house. She was renowned for
+both beauty and wit. I remember seeing several verses addressed to her,
+the only lines of which I recall are as follows:
+
+    That calm collected look,
+    As though her pulses beat by book.
+
+Another intimate friend of my father was Frederick de Peyster, who at a
+later day became President of the New York Historical Society. He
+habitually took Sunday tea with us, and always received a warm welcome
+from the juvenile members of the family with whom he was a great
+favorite. He was devoted to children, and delighted our young hearts by
+occasional presents of game-chickens which at once became family pets.
+
+In 1823 and 1824 my father's sympathies were deeply enlisted in behalf
+of the Greeks in their struggles for independence from the Turkish rule.
+It will be remembered that this was the cause to which Byron devoted his
+last energies. The public sentiment of the whole country was aroused to
+a high pitch of excitement, and meetings were held not only for the
+purpose of lending moral support and encouragement to the Greeks, but
+also for raising funds for their assistance. Among those to whom my
+father appealed was his friend, Rudolph Bunner, a highly prominent
+citizen of Oswego, N.Y. Although a lawyer he did not practice his
+profession, but devoted himself chiefly to his extensive landed estates
+in Oswego county. He was wealthy and generous, a good liver and an
+eloquent political speaker. He served one term in Congress where, as
+elsewhere, he was regarded as a man of decided ability. He died about
+1833 at the age of nearly seventy. The distinguished New York lawyer,
+John Duer, married his daughter Anne, by whom he had thirteen children,
+one of whom, Anna Henrietta, married the late Pierre Paris Irving, a
+nephew of Washington Irving and at one time rector of the Episcopal
+church at New Brighton, Staten Island. Mr. Bunner's letter in response
+to my father's appeal is not devoid of interest, and is as follows:
+
+     OSWEGO, 12 Jan'y 1824.
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     Though I have not written to you yet you were not so soon
+     forgotten. Nor can you so easily be erased from my memory as
+     my negligence might seem to imply. In truth few persons
+     have impressed my mind with a deeper sentiment of respect
+     than yourself; you have that of open and frank in your
+     character which if not in my own, is yet so congenial to my
+     feelings that I shall much regret if my habitual indolence
+     can lose me such a friend. Your request in favor of the
+     Greeks will be hard to comply with. If I can be a
+     contributor in a humble way to their success by my exertions
+     here they shall not want them, but I fear the _angusta res
+     domi_ may press too heavily upon us to permit of an
+     effectual benevolence. If you wanted five hundred men six
+     feet high with sinewy arms and case hardened constitutions,
+     bold spirits and daring adventurers who would travel upon a
+     bushel of corn and a gallon of whiskey per man from the
+     extreme point of the world to Constantinople we could
+     furnish you with them, but I doubt whether they could raise
+     the money to pay their passage from the gut of Gibraltar
+     upwards. The effort however shall be made and if we can not
+     shew ourselves rich we will at least manifest our good will.
+     Though Greece touches few Yankee settlers thro the medium of
+     classical associations yet a people struggling to free
+     themselves from foreign bondage is sure to find warm hearts
+     in every native of the wilderness. We admire your noble
+     efforts and if we do not imitate you it is because our
+     purses are as empty as a Boetian's skull is thick. We know
+     so little of what is _really_ projecting in the cabinets of
+     Europe that we are obliged to believe implicitly in
+     newspaper reports, and we are perhaps foolish in hoping that
+     the Holy Alliance intends to take the Spanish part of the
+     New World under their protection. In such an event our
+     backwoodsmen would spring with the activity of squirrels to
+     the assistance of the regenerated Spaniards and perhaps
+     _there_ we might fight more effectually the battle for
+     universal Freedom than either at Thermopylae or Marathon.
+     There indeed we might strike a blow that would break up the
+     deep foundations of despotic power so as that neither art or
+     force could again collect and cement the scattered elements.
+     We are too distant from Greece to make the Turks feel our
+     physical strength and what we can do thro money and
+     sympathy is little in comparison with what we could if they
+     were so near as that we might in addition pour out the tide
+     of an armed northern population to sweep their shores and
+     overcome the tyrants like one of their pestilential winds.
+     Nevertheless, sympathy is a wonderful power and the sympathy
+     of a free nation like our own will not lose its moral
+     effect. I calculate strongly on this. It is a more refined
+     and rational kind of chivalry--this interest and activity in
+     the fate of nations struggling to break the oppressor's rod,
+     and it should be encouraged even where it is not directed so
+     as to give it all adequate force. They who would chill it,
+     who would reason about the why and the wherefore ought to
+     recollect that such things can not be called forth by the
+     art of man--they must burst spontaneously from his nature
+     and be directed by his wisdom for the benefit of his
+     kind.... We are all here real Radical Democrats and though
+     some of us came in at the eleventh hour we will not go back,
+     but on--on--on though certain of missing the penny fee. In
+     truth this is the difference between real conviction and the
+     calculating policy which takes sides according to what it
+     conceives the vantage ground. A converted politician is as
+     obstinate in his belief as one born in the faith. The man of
+     craft changes his position according to the varying aspect
+     of the political heavens. The one plays a game--the other
+     sees as much of reality (or thinks he sees) in politicks as
+     he does in his domestic affairs and is as earnest in the one
+     as the other.
+
+          Salve--[Greek: Kai Chaire]
+
+               R. BUNNER.
+
+
+     8 o'clock.
+
+     I have had a full meeting for your Greeks--and found my men
+     of more mettle than I hoped for. We will do something thro
+     the _Country_--We have set the Parsons to work and one
+     shilling a head will make a good donation. We think we can
+     give you 4 or 5 hundred dollars.
+
+Mr. Bunner was over sixty years old when he went to live in Oswego, but
+he soon became identified with the interests of the place and added much
+by his activities to its local renown. In an undated letter to my
+father, he thus expatiates upon his situation in his adopted home, and
+paints its advantages in no uncertain colors:--
+
+     I am here unquestionably an exile but I will never dispond
+     at my fate nor whimper because my own folly, want of tact or
+     the very malice of the times have placed me in Patmos when I
+     desire a more splendid theatre. I can here be useful to my
+     family--to my district. I can live cheaply, increase my
+     fortune, be upon a par with the best of my neighbors, which
+     I prefer to the feasts of your ostentatious mayor or the
+     more real luxury of Phil Brasher's Table. Our population is
+     small, our society contracted, but we are growing rapidly in
+     numbers; and the society we have is in my opinion and to my
+     taste fully equal to anything in your home. We possess men
+     of intelligence without pretention, active men as Jacob
+     Barker without his roguery--men whom nature intended to
+     flourish at St. James, but whose fate fortune in some fit of
+     prolifick humor fixed and nailed to this Sinope. We have
+     however to mitigate the cold spring breezes of the lake a
+     fall unrivalled in mildness and in beauty even in Italy, the
+     land of poetry and passion. We have a whole lake in front,
+     whose clear blue waters are without a parallel in Europe. We
+     have a beautiful river brawling at our feet, the banks of
+     which gently slope and when our village is filled I will
+     venture to say that in point of beauty, health and variety
+     of prospect it has _nil simile aut secundum_.
+
+Our house was the rendezvous of many of the learned and literary men of
+the day, who would sit for hours in the library discussing congenial
+topics. Among others I well recall the celebrated jurist, Ogden Hoffman.
+He had an exceptionally melodious voice, and I have often heard him
+called "the silver-tongued orator." It has been asserted that in
+criminal cases a jury was rarely known to withstand his appeal. He
+married for his second wife Virginia E. Southard, a daughter of Judge
+Samuel L. Southard of New Jersey, who throughout Monroe's two
+administrations was Secretary of War. In the "Wealthy Citizens of New
+York," edited in 1845 by Moses Y. Beach, an early owner in part of _The
+New York Sun_, the Hoffman family is thus described: "Few families, for
+so few a number of persons as compose it, have cut 'a larger swath' or
+'bigger figure' in the way of posts and preferment. Talent, and also
+public service rendered, martial gallantry, poetry, judicial acumen,
+oratory, all have their lustre mingled with this name." I regard this
+statement as just and truthful.
+
+Still another valued associate of my father was Hugh Maxwell, a
+prominent member of the New York bar. In his earlier life he was
+District Attorney and later Collector of the Port of New York. The
+Maxwells owned a pleasant summer residence at Nyack-on-the-Hudson, where
+we as children made occasional visits. Many years later one of my
+daughters formed an intimate friendship with Hugh Maxwell's
+granddaughter, Virginia De Lancey Kearny, subsequently Mrs. Ridgely
+Hunt, which terminated only with the latter's death in 1897.
+
+From my earliest childhood Gulian C. Verplanck was a frequent guest at
+our house. He and my father formed an intimacy in early manhood which
+lasted throughout life. Mr. Verplanck was graduated from Columbia
+College in 1801, the youngest Bachelor of Arts who, up to that time, had
+received a diploma from that institution of learning. Both he and my
+father found in politics an all-absorbing topic of conversation,
+especially as both of them took an active part in state affairs. I have
+many letters, one of them written as early as 1822, from Mr. Verplanck
+to my father bearing upon political matters in New York. For four terms
+he represented his district in Congress, while later he served in the
+State Senate and for many years was Vice Chancellor of the University of
+the State of New York. He was an ardent Episcopalian and a vestryman in
+old Trinity Parish. He was a brilliant conversationalist, and his
+tastes, like my father's, were decidedly literary. In connection with
+William Cullen Bryant and Robert C. Sands, he edited _The Talisman_, an
+annual which continued through the year 1827. Mr. Verplanck lived to an
+old age and survived my father for a long time, but he did not forget
+his old friend. Almost a score of years after my father's death, on the
+4th of July, 1867, Mr. Verplanck delivered a scholarly oration before
+the Tammany Society of New York, in which he paid the following glowing
+tribute to his memory:
+
+     In those days James Campbell, for many years the Surrogate
+     of this city, was a powerful leader at Tammany Hall, and
+     from character and mind alone, without any effort or any act
+     of popularity. He was not college-bred, but he was the son
+     of a learned father, old Malcolm Campbell, who had been
+     trained at Aberdeen, the great school of Scotch Latinity.
+     James Campbell was, like his father, a good classical
+     scholar, and he was a sound lawyer. He was not only an
+     assiduous, a kind, sound and just magistrate, but one of
+     unquestioned ability. In his days of Surrogateship, the days
+     of universal reporting, either in the multitudinous volumes
+     in white law bindings on the shelves of lawyers, or in the
+     crowded columns of the daily papers, had not quite arrived
+     though they were just at hand. Had he lived and held office
+     a few years later, I do not doubt that he would have ranked
+     with the great luminaries of legal science. As it is, I fear
+     that James Campbell's reputation must share the fate of the
+     reputations of many able and eminent men in all professions
+     who can not
+
+                        Look to Time's award,
+    Feeble tradition is their memory's guard.
+
+The most prominent newspaper in New York in my early days was the
+_Courier and Enquirer_, edited by General James Watson Webb, a man of
+distinguished ability. He began his literary career by editing the
+_Morning Courier_, but as this was not a very successful venture he
+purchased the _New York Enquirer_ from Mordecai Manasseh Noah, and in
+1829 merged the two papers. Several leading journalists began their
+active careers in his office, among others James Gordon Bennett,
+subsequently editor of _The New York Herald_, Henry J. Raymond, the
+founder of _The New York Times_, and Charles King, father of Madam Kate
+King Waddington and Mrs. Eugene Schuyler, who at one time edited _The
+American_ and subsequently became the honored president of Columbia
+College. James Reed Spaulding, a New Englander by birth, was also
+connected with the _Courier and Enquirer_ for about ten years. In 1860
+he became a member of the staff of the New York _World_, which, by the
+way, was originally intended to be a semi-religious sheet. During
+President Lincoln's administration General Webb sold the _Courier and
+Enquirer_ to the _World_, and the two papers were consolidated. William
+Seward Webb of New York was a son of this General Webb, and the latter's
+daughter, Mrs. Catharine Louisa Benton, the widow of Colonel James G.
+Benton of the army, lived until recently in Washington, and is one of
+the pleasant reminders left me of the old days of my New York life.
+
+_The New York Herald_ was established some years after the _Courier and
+Enquirer_ and was from the first a flourishing sheet. It was
+exceptionally spicy, and it dealt so much in personalities that my
+father, who was a gentleman of the old school with very conservative
+views, was not, to say the least, one of its strongest admirers. Several
+years before the Civil War, at a time when the anti-slavery cauldron was
+at its boiling point, its editor, the elder James Gordon Bennett,
+dubbed its three journalistic contemporaries in New York, the World, the
+Flesh, and the Devil--the _World_, representing human life with all its
+pomps and vanities; the _Times_, as a sheet as vacillating as the flesh;
+and the _Tribune_, as the virulent champion of abolition, the
+counterpart of the Devil himself.
+
+During the winter of 1842 James Gordon Bennett took his bride, who was
+Miss Henrietta Agnes Crean of New York, to Washington on their wedding
+journey. As this season had been unusually severe, great distress
+prevailed, and a number of society women organized a charity ball for
+the relief of the destitute. It was given under the patronage of Mrs.
+Madison (the ex-President's widow), Mrs. Samuel L. Gouverneur (my
+husband's mother), Mrs. Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (Julia Maria Dickinson of
+Troy, New York), and other society matrons, and, as can readily be
+understood, was a financial as well as a social success. Tickets were
+eagerly sought, and Mr. Bennett applied for them for his wife and
+himself. At first he was refused, but after further consideration Mrs.
+Madison and Mrs. Gouverneur of the committee upon invitations granted
+his request on condition that no mention of the ball should appear in
+the columns of the _Herald_. Mr. Bennett and his wife accordingly
+attended the entertainment, where the latter was much admired and danced
+to her heart's content. Two days later, however, much to the chagrin and
+indignation of the managers, an extended account of the ball appeared in
+the _Herald_. This incident will be better appreciated when I state that
+at this time the personal mention of a woman in a newspaper was an
+unheard-of liberty. It was the old-fashioned idea that a woman's name
+should occur but twice in print, first upon the occasion of her marriage
+and subsequently upon the announcement of her death. My husband once
+remarked to me, upon reading a description of a dress worn by one of my
+daughters at a ball, that if such a notice had appeared in a newspaper
+in connection with his sister he or his father would have thrashed the
+editor.
+
+John L. O'Sullivan, a prominent literary man and in subsequent years
+minister to Portugal, edited a periodical called the _Democratic
+Review_, which was published in magazine form. I well recall the first
+appearance of _Harper's Magazine_ in June, 1850, and that for some time
+it had but few illustrations. _The Evening_ Post was established in
+1801, many years prior to the _Courier and Enquirer_. It was always
+widely read, was democratic in its tone, and its editorials were highly
+regarded. While I lived in New York, and also much later, it was edited
+by William Cullen Bryant, who was as gifted as an editor as he was as a
+poet. I have before me now a reprint of the first issue of this paper,
+dated Monday, November 16, 1801. I copy some of the advertisements, as
+many old New York names are represented:
+
+            FOR SALE BY HOFFMAN & SETON
+
+     Twelve hhds. assorted Glass Ware.
+     2 boxes Listadoes,
+     1 trunk white Kid Gloves,
+     200 boxes Soap & Candles,
+     60 bales Cinnamon, entitled to drawback.
+     Nov. 16.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    FREIGHT
+
+     For Copenhagen or Hamburgh,
+     The bark BERKKESKOW, Capt.
+     Gubriel Tothammer, is ready to receive
+     freight for either of the above places, if application
+     is made to the Captain on board, at Gouverneur's
+     Wharf.
+
+                GOUVERNEUR & KEMBLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                    FOR SALE
+
+     Gin in pipes; large and small green Bottle
+     Cases, complete; Glass Ware, consisting of
+     Tumblers, Decanters, &c.; Hair Brushes, long and
+     short; black and blue Dutch Cloth; Flour, by
+
+                FREDERICK DE PEYSTER.
+
+     A STORE HOUSE in Broad-street to let, apply
+     as above.            Nov. 16.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     THE SUBSCRIBER has for sale, remaining from
+     the cargo of the ship Sarson, from Calcutta,
+     an assortment of WHITE PIECE GOODS.
+
+     Also
+
+     50 tierces Rice,          60 hhds. Jamaica Rum,
+     15 bales Sea-Island       10,000 Pieces White
+     Cotton,                   Nankeens,
+     29 tierces and 34 bls.    A quantity of Large
+     Jamaica Coffee,           Bottles in cases,
+                               And as usual, Old
+     Madeira Wine, fit for immediate use.
+
+                                        ROBERT LENOX.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[2] Possibly this word is "Election."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+SCHOOL-DAYS AND EARLY FRIENDS
+
+
+I must return to my school days. After several years spent at Miss
+Forbes's my parents decided to afford me greater advantages for study,
+and especially for becoming more proficient in the French language, and
+I was accordingly sent to Madame Eloise Chegaray's institution, which
+for many years was regarded as the most prominent girls' school in the
+country. It was a large establishment located on the corner of Houston
+and Mulberry Streets, where she accommodated boarding pupils as well as
+day scholars. Many years later this building was sold to the religious
+order of the _Sacre Coeur_. The school hours were from nine until three,
+with an intermission at twelve o'clock. The vacation, as at Miss
+Forbes's, was limited to the month of August. The discipline was not so
+rigid as at Miss Forbes's, as Madame Chegaray, who, by the way, taught
+her pupils to address her as _Tante_, governed almost entirely by
+affection. She possessed unusual grace of manner and great kindness of
+heart, and her few surviving pupils hold her name and memory in the
+highest esteem. Her early history is of exceptional interest. She was a
+daughter of Pierre Prosper Desabaye, and came with her father and the
+other members of his family from Paris to New York on account of his
+straitened circumstances, caused by an insurrection in San Domingo,
+where his family owned large estates. Madame Chegaray commenced as a
+mere girl to teach French in a school in New Brunswick, New Jersey, kept
+by Miss Sophie Hay, and was retained on account of the extreme purity of
+her accent.
+
+I chance to have in my possession Madame Chegaray's own account of her
+early struggles after leaving Miss Hay, from which I take great pleasure
+in quoting:
+
+     Among the royal _emigres_ to this country was the Countess
+     de St. Memin who kept a school. As my brother Marc had
+     removed to New York we joined him and I was employed as
+     French governess in the school of Mademoiselle de St. Memin.
+     But I still knew nothing but to speak my own native tongue.
+     One day I was bewailing my ignorance in the presence of M.
+     Felix de Beaujour, Consul General of France to this country.
+
+     "Mlle. Eloise," he said, "quand on sait lire on peut
+     toujours s'istruire."
+
+     This gave me a new thought. I set seriously about studying.
+     I took classes. What I was to teach on the morrow I studied
+     the night before. I worked early and late. With the return
+     of Louis Philippe the St. Memins returned to France and I
+     became a teacher in the school of Madame Nau. Here I studied
+     and taught. On me fell all the burden of the school while
+     Madame Nau amused herself with harp and piano. For this I
+     had only $150 a year. To further assist my family I knit
+     woolen jackets. They were a great deal of trouble to me and
+     I was very grateful to Madame Isaac Iselin, the mother of
+     Mr. Adrain Iselin, who always found purchasers to give me
+     excellent prices. Ah, I was young then. I thought that I
+     earned that money. Now I know that it was only her delicate
+     manner of doing me a service. Madame Iselin bought my
+     jackets and then gave them away.
+
+     Feeling that I was worth much to Madame Nau, and that I must
+     do more to relieve my brother Marc, my brother Gustave
+     having gone to sea with Captain de Peyster, I begged Madame
+     Nau to give me $250. This she refused. Her reply, "Me navra
+     le coeur," overwhelmed me. It was Saturday. I started home
+     in great distress and met on the way the dear admirable Miss
+     Sophy Hay to whom I told my sorrow.
+
+     "Miss Hay," I exclaimed, "I will open a school for myself."
+     She tapped me on the forehead. "Do, dear Eloise, and God
+     will help you."
+
+     How all difficulties were smoothed away! The dear Madame
+     Iselin took charge of all my purchases, advancing the money.
+     They were very simple, those splint chairs and carpets and
+     tables, for we were simpler-minded then. On the 1st of May
+     1814 I opened my school on Greenwich Street with sixteen
+     pupils. Good M. Roulet gave me his two wards. I received
+     several scholars from a convent just closed and I had my
+     nieces Ameline and Laura Berault de St. Maurice and Clara
+     the daughter of Marc [Desabaye], who afterward married Ponty
+     Lemoine, the lawyer in whose office Charles O'Conor studied.
+     Thus was my school started, and I take this occasion to
+     express my gratitude to those who confided in so young an
+     instructress--for I was only twenty-two--the education of
+     their daughters, and I pray God to bless them and their
+     country....
+
+Many well-known women were educated at this school, and one of the first
+pupils was Miss Sarah Morris, the granddaughter of Lewis Morris, the
+Signer, and the mother of the senior Mrs. Hamilton Fish. A younger
+sister of Mrs. Fish, Christine, who many years later was a pupil of
+Madame Chegaray, and who is now Mrs. William Preston Griffin of New
+York, ministered to Madame Chegaray in her last illness, and told me
+that her parting words to her were, "_Adieu, chere Christine, fidele
+amie._" In spite of her extreme youth Madame Chegaray took an
+exceptionally serious view of life, even refusing to wear flowers in her
+bonnets or to sing, although she had a very sweet voice. She dearly
+loved France, but she was a broad-minded woman and her knowledge of
+American affairs was as great as that of her own country. She rounded
+out nearly a century of life, the greater part of which was devoted to
+others, and I pay her the highest tribute in my power when I say that
+she faced the many vicissitudes of life with an undaunted spirit, and
+bequeathed to her numerous pupils the inestimable boon of a wonderful
+example.
+
+All the teachers in Madame Chegaray's school were men, with the single
+exception of Mrs. Joseph McKee, the wife of a Presbyterian clergyman.
+Among those who taught were John Bigelow, who is still living in New
+York at an advanced age, and who in subsequent years was Secretary of
+State of New York and our Minister to France; Thatcher T. Payne; Edward
+G. Andrew, who became in the course of years a Bishop in the Methodist
+Church; Professor Robert Adrain, who taught mathematics, and who at the
+same time was one of the faculty of Columbia College; and Lorenzo L. da
+Ponte. The latter was a man of unusual versatility, and was especially
+distinguished as a linguist. He taught us English literature in such a
+successful manner that we regarded that study merely as a recreation.
+Mr. da Ponte was a son of Lorenzo da Ponte, a Venitian of great
+learning, who after coming to this country rendered such conspicuous
+services in connection with Dominick Lynch in establishing Italian opera
+in New York. He was also a professor of Italian for many years in
+Columbia College, the author of a book of sonnets, several works
+relating to the Italian language and of his own life, which was
+published in three volumes. Mr. Samuel Ward, a noted character of the
+day, the brother of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and who married Emily Astor,
+daughter of William B. Astor, wrote an interesting memoir of him. Madame
+Chegaray taught the highest classes in French. "If I had to give up all
+books but two," she was fond of saying, "I would choose the Gospels and
+La Fontaine's Fables. In one you have everything necessary for your
+spiritual life; in the other you have the epitome of all worldly
+wisdom."
+
+When I entered Madame Chegaray's school she had about a hundred pupils,
+a large number of whom were from the Southern States. How well I
+remember the extreme loyalty of the Southern girls to their native soil!
+I can close my eyes and read the opening sentence of a composition
+written by one of my comrades, Elodie Toutant, a sister of General
+Pierre G. T. Beauregard of the Confederate Army--"The South, the South,
+the beautiful South, the garden spot of the United States." This
+chivalric devotion to the soil whence they sprang apparently was
+literally breathed into my Southern school companions from the very
+beginning of their lives. Their loyalty possessed a fascination for me,
+and although I was born, reared and educated in a Northern State, I had
+a tender feeling for the South, which still lingers with me, for most of
+the friendships I formed at Madame Chegaray's were with Southern girls.
+
+My first day at Madame Chegaray's, like many other beginnings, was
+something of an ordeal, but it was my good fortune to meet almost
+immediately Henrietta Croom, a daughter of Henry B. Croom, a celebrated
+botanist of North Carolina, but who, with his family, had spent much of
+his life in Tallahassee. Many are the pleasant hours we spent together,
+but to my sorrow she graduated at an early age, and a few months later
+embarked, in company with her parents, a younger brother and sister and
+an aunt, Mrs. Cammack, upon a vessel called the _Home_ for Charleston,
+South Carolina, where they had planned to make their future residence.
+When they had been several days at sea their vessel encountered a severe
+storm off Cape Hatteras, and after a brave struggle with the terrific
+elements every member of the family sank with the ship within a few
+miles of the spot where the Crooms had formerly lived. This occurred on
+the 9th of October, 1836. They had as fellow voyagers a brother of
+Madame Chegaray, who, with his wife and three children, had only just
+left the school to make the voyage to Charleston. They, too, lost their
+lives. Over Madame Chegaray's school as well as her household at once
+hung a pall, and gloom and mourning prevailed on every side; indeed, the
+whole city of New York shared in our sorrow. The newspapers of the day
+were filled with accounts of this direful disaster, but there were few
+survivors to tell the tale. My late playmate, Henrietta Croom, was one
+of the most popular girls at school, possessing great attractions of
+both mind and person, and, although at the time she was merely a child
+in years, the New Year's address of a prominent daily newspaper of the
+day contained an extended reference to her which strongly appealed to my
+grief-stricken fancy. Though more than sixty years have passed I have
+always preserved it with great care in memory of the "sweet damsel" of
+long ago. The following are the lines to which I have just referred:
+
+    Dear Home! what magic trembles in the word;
+    Each bosom's fountain at its sound is stirred,
+    Disgusted worldlings dream of early love
+    And weary Christians turn their eyes above--
+    Well was't thou nam'd, fair bark, whose recent doom
+    Has many a household wrapt in deepest gloom!
+    On earth no more those voyagers' steps shall roam
+    That cast their anchor at an Heavenly "Home"!
+    High beat their hearts, when first their fated prow
+    Cut through the surge that boils above them now,
+    They saw in vision rapt their fatherland
+    And felt once more its odorous breezes bland--
+    The frozen North receded from their sight
+    And fancy's dream entranced them with delight--
+    Oh! who can tell what pangs their soul assail'd
+    When every hope of life and rescue fail'd,
+    When wild despair their throbbing bosoms wrung
+    And winds and waves a doleful requiem sung?
+    There stood the husband whose protecting arm
+    'Till now had kept his lov'd ones safe from harm.
+    Remorseless grown, the demon of the storm
+    Swept from his grasp her trembling, fragile form.
+    Vague fear o'er children's lineaments convuls'd,
+    But selfish hands their frenzied cling repuls'd.
+    When death's grim aspect meets the startl'd view
+    To grovelling souls fair mercy bids adieu!
+    And thou, sweet damsel! who in girlhood's bloom
+    Descended then to fill an ocean tomb--
+    What were _thy_ thoughts, when roaring for their prey
+    The foaming billows choked the watery way!
+    'Tis said that souls have giv'n in parting hour
+    A vast and fearful and mysterious power.
+    A chart pictorial of the past is made,
+    In which minute events are all portray'd--
+    One painful glance the scroll entire surveys
+    And then in death the blasted eye-balls glaze--
+    Perchance at that dark moment when the maid
+    On life's dim verge her coming doom survey'd,
+    Such vision flash'd across her spirit pure,
+    And help'd the youthful beauty to endure.
+    Her infant sports beneath the spreading lime,
+    Her recent school-days, in a northern clime--
+    Her gentle deeds--her treasur'd thoughts of love--
+    All plum'd her pinions for a flight above!
+
+The Croom family owned large plantations in the South together with many
+slaves. A short time after it was definitely known that not a member of
+the family had survived, there was a legal contest over the estate by
+the representatives of both sides of the household, the Crooms and the
+Armisteads. Eminent members of the Southern bar were employed, among
+whom were Judge John McPherson Berrien of Savannah and Joseph M. White
+of Florida, often called "Florida White." After about twenty years of
+litigation the suit was decided in favor of the Armisteads. It seems
+that as young Croom, a lad of twelve, nearly reached the shore he was
+regarded as the survivor, and his grandmother, Mrs. Henrietta Smith of
+Newbern, North Carolina, his nearest living relative, became his heir. I
+have always understood that this hotly contested case has since been
+regarded as a judicial precedent.
+
+A few days after receiving the news of the shipwreck of the _Home_, I
+found by accident in my father's library an _edition de luxe_, just
+published in London, of "Les Dames de Byron." In it was an illustration
+entitled "Leila," which bore a wonderful resemblance to my best friend,
+Henrietta Croom. Beneath were the following lines, which seemed to
+suggest her history, and the coincidence was so apparent that I
+immediately committed them to memory, and it is from memory that I now
+give them:
+
+    She sleeps beneath the wandering wave;
+    Ah! had she but an earthly grave
+    This aching heart and throbbing breast
+    Would seek and share her narrow rest.
+    She was a form of life and light
+    That soon became a part of sight,
+    And rose where'er I turned mine eye--
+    The morning-star of memory.
+
+Another schoolmate and friend of mine at Madame Chegaray's was Josephine
+Habersham of Savannah, a daughter of Joseph Habersham and a
+great-granddaughter of General Joseph Habersham, who succeeded Timothy
+Pickering as Postmaster General during Washington's second term and
+retained the position under Adams and Jefferson until the latter part of
+1801. She was one of Madame Chegaray's star pupils in music. She
+frequently made visits to my home, remaining over Saturday and Sunday,
+and delighted the family by playing in a most masterly manner the
+Italian music then in vogue. A few years after her return to her
+Southern home she married her cousin, William Neyle Habersham, an
+accomplished musician. For many years they lived in Savannah in the
+greatest elegance, until the Civil War came to disturb their tranquil
+dreams. Two young sons, both under twenty-one, laid down their lives for
+the Southern cause during that conflict. After their great sorrow music
+was their chief solace, and they delighted their friends by playing
+together on various musical instruments.
+
+New Orleans was represented at our school by a famous beauty, Catharine
+Alexander Chew, a daughter of Beverly Chew, the Collector of the Port of
+New Orleans, and whose wife, Miss Maria Theodosia Duer, was a sister of
+President William Alexander Duer of Columbia College. He and Richard
+Relf, cashier of the Louisiana State Bank, were the business partners
+and subsequently the executors of the will of Daniel Clark of the same
+city, and it was against them that the latter's daughter, Myra Clark
+Gaines, the widow of General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, U.S.A., fought her
+famous legal battles for over half a century. Miss Chew married Judge
+Thomas H. Kennedy of New Orleans and left many descendants. The sister
+of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Elodie Toutant, whom I have already
+mentioned, was also from Louisiana. She was a studious girl, and a most
+attractive companion. The original family name was Toutant, but towards
+the close of the sixteenth century the last male descendant of the
+family died, and an only surviving daughter having married Sieur Paix de
+Beauregard, the name became Toutant de Beauregard, the prefix _de_
+having subsequently been dropped.
+
+Still another friendship I formed at Madame Chegaray's school was with
+Elizabeth Clarkson Jay, which through life was a source of intense
+pleasure to me and lasted until her pure and gentle spirit returned to
+its Maker. She was the daughter of Peter Augustus Jay, a highly
+respected lawyer, and a granddaughter of the distinguished statesman,
+John Jay. She was a deeply religious woman, and died a few years ago in
+New York after a life consecrated to good works.
+
+One of the brightest girls in my class was Sarah Jones, a daughter of
+one of New York's most distinguished jurists, Chancellor Samuel Jones.
+She and another schoolmate of mine, Maria Brandegee, who lived in LeRoy
+Place, were intimate and inseparable companions. The mother of the
+latter belonged to a Creole family from New Orleans, named Deslonde, and
+was the aunt of the wife of John Slidell of Confederate fame. The
+Brandegees were devout Roman Catholics, while the members of the Jones
+family were equally ardent Episcopalians. Archbishop Hughes of New York
+was a welcome and frequent visitor at the Brandegee house, where, in my
+younger days, I frequently had the pleasure of meeting him and listening
+to his attractive conversation. In this manner Sarah Jones also came
+into contact with him. Deeply impressed by his teachings, she followed
+him to the Cathedral, where she soon became a regular attendant. In the
+course of time she became a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and a
+few years later entered the order of the _Sacre Coeur_, at
+Manhattanville, where she eventually became Mother Superior and remained
+as such for many years.
+
+Quite a number of years ago I was the guest of the family of Charles
+O'Conor, the distinguished jurist and leader of the New York bar, at his
+handsome home at Fort Washington, a suburb of New York. He was the son
+of the venerable Thomas O'Conor, editor of _The Shamrock_, the first
+paper published in New York for Irish and Catholic readers, and also the
+author of a history of the second war with Great Britain. One afternoon
+Mr. O'Conor suggested that I should accompany him upon a drive to the
+Convent of the _Sacre Coeur_ a few miles distant. He was anxious to
+confer with Madame Mary Aloysia Hardey, who was then Mother Superior. I
+was delighted to accept this invitation, as Mr. O'Conor was an
+exceptionally agreeable companion and his spare moments were but few and
+far between. Before reaching our destination, I remarked that Madame
+Jones, an old schoolmate of mine, was an inmate of this Convent, and
+that I should be very glad to see her again. Upon our arrival, Sarah
+Jones greeted me in the parlor and seemed glad to see me after the lapse
+of so many years. Leading as she was the life of a _religieuse_, our
+topics of conversation were few, but I noticed that she seemed
+interested in discussing her own family, about whom evidently she was
+not well informed. After a brief visit and while homeward bound, Mr.
+O'Conor inquired whether Madame Jones knew that her father, the
+Chancellor, was rapidly approaching death. I replied that apparently she
+had no knowledge of his serious condition, and several days later I saw
+his death announced in a daily newspaper. Many years after my interview
+with Sarah Jones I met at the residence of Mrs. Henry R. Winthrop of New
+York an older sister of hers, Mary Anna Schuyler Jones, who at the time
+was the widow of the Reverend Dr. Samuel Seabury of the Episcopal
+Church. We lunched together, and the conversation naturally drifted back
+to other days and to my old schoolmate, her sister, Sarah Jones. She
+told me that she had seen but little of her in recent years, but related
+a curious episode in regard to meeting her under unusual circumstances.
+It seems that Mrs. Seabury, accompanied by a young daughter, was
+returning from a visit to Europe, when she noticed that the occupants of
+the adjoining state-room were unusually quiet. In time she made the
+discovery that they were nuns returning from a business trip abroad.
+Upon examination of the passenger list, she discovered to her
+astonishment that her sister, Madame Jones, was occupying the adjoining
+room. They met daily thereafter throughout the voyage, and afterwards
+returned to their respective homes.
+
+I especially remember an incident of my school-life which was decidedly
+sensational. Sally Otis, a young and pretty girl and a daughter of James
+W. Otis, then of New York but formerly of Boston, was in the same class
+with me. One morning we missed her from her accustomed seat, but during
+the day we learned the cause of her absence. The whole Otis family had
+been taken ill by drinking poisoned coffee. Upon investigation the cook
+reported that a package of coffee had been sent to the house, and,
+taking it for granted that it had been ordered by some member of the
+household, she had used it for breakfast. The whole matter was shrouded
+in mystery, and gossip was rife. One story was that a vindictive woman
+concentrated all of her malice upon a single member of the family
+against whom she had a grievance and thus endangered the lives of the
+whole Otis family. Fortunately, none of the cases proved fatal, but
+several inmates of the house became seriously ill.
+
+A few years before I entered Madame Chegaray's school, Virginia Scott,
+the oldest daughter of Major General Winfield Scott, enjoyed _Tante's_
+tutelage for a number of years. She was a rare combination of genius and
+beauty, and, apart from her remarkable personality, was a skilled
+linguist and an accomplished vocal and instrumental musician. This
+unusual combination of gifts suggests the Spanish saying: "Mira
+favorecida de Dios" ("Behold one favored of God!"). Her life, however,
+was brief, though deeply interesting. In the first blush of womanhood
+she accompanied her mother and sisters to Europe, and, after several
+years spent in Paris, made a visit to Rome, where she immediately became
+imbued with profound religious convictions. Through the instrumentality
+of Father Pierce Connelly, a convert to Catholicism, she was received
+into the Roman Catholic Church while in the Holy City, and made her
+profession of faith in the Chapel of St. Ignatius, where the ceremony
+took place by the special permission of the Most Rev. John Roothan,
+General of the Jesuits. General Scott meanwhile had returned to the
+United States, having been promoted to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of
+the Army with headquarters in Washington. Accompanied by her mother,
+Virginia Scott returned to America and, after a short time spent with
+her parents in Washington, drove to Georgetown and, without their
+knowledge or consent, was received there as an inmate of the "Convent of
+the Visitation." Her family was bitterly opposed to the step, more
+especially her mother, whose indignation was so pronounced that she
+never to the day of her death forgave the Church for depriving her of
+her daughter's companionship. General Scott, however, frequently visited
+her in her cloistered home, and always manifested much consideration for
+the Convent as well as for the nuns, the daily companions of his
+daughter. Although she possessed a proud and imperious nature, combined
+with great personal beauty and much natural _hauteur_, she soon became
+as gentle as a lamb. She died about a year after entering the Convent,
+but she retained her deep religious convictions to the last. She is
+buried beneath the sanctuary in the chapel of the Georgetown Convent. In
+connection with her a few lines often come to my mind which seem so
+appropriate that I can not deny myself the pleasure of quoting them:
+
+    She was so fair that in the Angelic choir,
+    She will not need put on another shape
+    Than that she bore on earth.
+
+I have heard it stated that during Virginia Scott's residence in Paris
+there existed a deep attachment between herself and a young gentleman of
+foreign birth. The story goes that in the course of time he became as
+devoted to his religion as he had hitherto been to the beautiful
+American, and that it was agreed between them that they should both
+consecrate themselves thereafter to the service of God. He accordingly
+entered at once upon a religious life. I have heard that they afterwards
+met at a service before the altar, but that there was no recognition. As
+intimate as I became with the members of the Scott family in subsequent
+years, I never heard any allusion to this incident in their family
+history, and I can readily understand that it was a subject upon which
+they were too sensitive to dwell.
+
+Father Connelly, whom I have mentioned in connection with Miss Scott's
+conversion, began his career as an Episcopal clergyman. There was a
+barrier to his becoming a Roman Catholic priest, as he was married; but
+his wife soon shared in his religious ardor, and when he entered the
+priesthood she became a nun. He lacked stability, however, in his
+religious views, and was subsequently received again into the Episcopal
+Church. It was his desire that his wife should at once join him but she
+refused to leave the Convent, and she finally became the founder of the
+Order of the "Sisters of the Holy Child." I have heard that he took
+legal measures to obtain possession of her, but if so he was
+unsuccessful in his efforts.
+
+Another one of Madame Chegaray's distinguished pupils was Martha Pierce
+of Louisville. As she attended this school some years before I entered,
+I knew of her in these days only by reputation. But some years later I
+had the pleasure of knowing her quite intimately, when she talked very
+freely with me in regard to her eventful life. She told me that upon a
+certain occasion in the days when women rarely traveled alone she was
+returning to Kentucky under the care of Henry Clay, and stopped in
+Washington long enough to visit the Capitol. Upon its steps she was
+introduced to Robert Craig Stanard of Richmond, upon whom she apparently
+made a deep impression, for one year later the handsome young Southerner
+carried the Kentucky girl, at the age of sixteen, back to Virginia as
+his bride. During her long life in Richmond her home, now the
+Westmoreland Club, was a notable _salon_, where the _beaux esprits_ of
+the South gathered. She survived Mr. Stanard many years. Beautiful, even
+in old age, gifted and cultivated, her attractions of face and intellect
+paled before her inexpressible charm of manner. She traveled much abroad
+and especially in England. A prominent Kentuckian once told me that he
+heard Washington Irving say that Mrs. Stanard received more attention
+and admiration in the highest circles of English society than any other
+American woman he had ever known. She corresponded for many years with
+Thackeray, the Duke of Wellington and many other prominent Englishmen,
+and in her own country was equally distinguished. In the course of one
+of our numerous conversations she told me that after the death of Edward
+Everett she loaned his biographer the letters she had received from that
+distinguished orator. During the latter part of her life she gave up her
+house in Richmond and came to Washington to reside, where she remained
+until the end of her life. She left no descendants. Her husband's
+mother, Jane Stith Craig, daughter of Adam Craig of Richmond, was
+immortalized by Edgar Allan Poe, who, fictitiously naming her "Helen,"
+paid feeling tribute to her charms in those beautiful verses commencing:
+
+    Helen, thy beauty is to me
+      Like those Nicean barks of yore,
+    That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,
+      The weary, way-worn wanderer bore
+      To his own native shore.
+
+Among my other schoolmates at Madame Chegaray's were Susan Maria
+Clarkson de Peyster, a daughter of James Ferguson de Peyster, who
+subsequently married Robert Edward Livingston; Margaret Masters, a
+daughter of Judge Josiah Masters of Troy, New York, and the wife of John
+W. King; Virginia Beverly Wood, a daughter of Silas Wood of New York,
+who became the wife of John Leverett Rogers; and Elizabeth MacNiel,
+daughter of General John MacNiel of the Army and wife of General Henry
+W. Benham of the U.S. Engineer Corps.
+
+After a number of years spent in teaching, Madame Chegaray gave up her
+New York school and moved to Madison, New Jersey (at one time called
+Bottle Hill), with the intention of spending the remainder of her life
+in retirement; but she was doomed to disappointment. Discovering almost
+immediately that through a relative her affairs had become deeply
+involved, she with undaunted courage at once opened a school in Madison
+in the house which she had purchased with the view of spending there the
+declining years of her life. Previous to this time I had been one of her
+day scholars; I entered the second school as a boarding pupil. Once a
+week we were driven three miles to Morristown to attend church. I recall
+an amusing incident connected with this weekly visit to that place. One
+Sunday a fellow boarder, thinking that perhaps she might find some
+leisure before the service to perfect herself in her lesson for the
+following day, thoughtlessly took along with her a volume of French
+plays by Voltaire. During the service someone in a near pew observed the
+author's name upon the book, and forthwith the Morristown populace was
+startled to hear that among Madame Chegaray's pupils was a follower of
+the noted infidel. It took some time to convince the public that this
+book was carried to church by my schoolmate without her teacher's
+knowledge; and the girl was horrified to learn that she was
+unintentionally to blame for a new local scandal. While I was at Madame
+Chegaray's I owned a schoolbook entitled "Shelley, Coleridge and Keats."
+I brought it home with me one day, but my father took it away from me
+and, as I learned later, burned it, owing to his detestation of
+Shelley's moral character. On one occasion he quoted in court some
+extracts from Shelley as illustrative of the poet's character, but I
+cannot recall the passage.
+
+After two years spent in Madison, Madame Chegaray returned to New York
+and reopened her school on the corner of Union Square and Fifteenth
+Street in three houses built for her by Samuel B. Ruggles. At that time
+the omnibuses had been running only to Fourteenth Street, but, out of
+courtesy to this noble woman, their route was extended to Fifteenth
+Street, where a lamp for the same reason was placed by the city. Madame
+Chegaray taught here for many years, but finally moved to 78 Madison
+Avenue, where she remained until, on account of old age, she was obliged
+to give up her teaching.
+
+While I was still attending Madame Chegaray's school, my father, under
+the impression that I was not quite as proficient in mathematics and
+astronomy as it was his desire and ambition that I should be, employed
+Professor Robert Adrian of Columbia College to give me private
+instruction in my own home. Under his able tuition, I particularly
+enjoyed traversing the firmament. I was always faithful to the planet
+Venus, whose beauty was to me then, as now, a constant delight. In those
+youthful days my proprietorship in this heavenly body seemed to me as
+well established as in a Fifth Avenue lot, and was quite as tangible. I
+regarded myself in the light of an individual proprietor, and, like
+Alexander Selkirk in his far away island of the sea, my right to this
+celestial domain there was none to dispute.
+
+After the flight of so many years, and in view, also, of the fact that
+sometimes the world seems to us older women to be almost turned upside
+down, it may not be uninteresting to speak of some of the books which
+were familiar to me during my school days. One of the first I ever read
+was "Clarissa Harlowe" by Samuel Richardson. "Cecilia," by Frances
+Burney, was another well-known book of the day. Mrs. Amelia Opie was
+also a popular authoress, and her novel entitled "White Lies" should, in
+my opinion, grace every library. Miss Maria Edgeworth and Mrs. Ann Eliza
+Bray, the latter of whom so graphically depicted the higher phases of
+English life, were popular authoresses in my earlier days in New York.
+Many years later some of the books I have mentioned were republished by
+the Harpers. "Gil Blas," whose author, Le Sage, was the skilful
+delineator of human nature, its attributes and its frailties, was much
+read, and, in my long journey through life, certain portions of this
+book have often been recalled to me by my many and varied experiences. I
+must not fail to speak of the "Children of the Abbey," by Regina M.
+Roche, where the fascinations of Lord Leicester are so vividly
+portrayed; nor of another book entitled "The Three Spaniards," by George
+Walker, which used to strike terror to my unsophisticated soul.
+
+When Madame Chegaray retired temporarily from her school life and moved
+to Madison in New Jersey, Charles Canda, who had taught drawing for her,
+established a school of his own in New York which became very prominent.
+He had an attractive young daughter, who met with a most heartrending
+end. On her way to a ball, in company with one of her girl friends,
+Charlotte Canda was thrown from her carriage, and when picked up her
+life was extinct. As there were no injuries found upon her body, it was
+generally supposed that the shock brought on an attack of heart-failure.
+Subsequently the disconsolate parents ordered from Italy a monument
+costing a fabulous sum of money for those days, which was placed over
+the grave of their only daughter in Greenwood Cemetery, where it still
+continues to command the admiration of sightseers. This tragic incident
+occurred in February, 1845, on the eve of the victim's seventeenth
+birthday.
+
+While Madame Chegaray was my teacher there was a charming French society
+in New York, her house being the rendezvous of this interesting social
+circle. I recall with much pleasure the names of Boisseau, Trudeau,
+Boisaubin, Thebaud and Brugiere. Madame Chegaray's sister, Caroline,
+together with her husband, Charles Berault, who taught dancing, and
+their three daughters, resided with her. The oldest, Madame Vincente
+Rose Ameline (Madame George R. A. Chaulet), taught music for her aunt;
+the second niece, Marie-Louise Josephine Laure, married Joseph U. F.
+d'Hervilly, a Frenchman, and in after life established a school in
+Philadelphia which she named Chegaray Institute; while the youngest,
+Pauline, married a gentleman from Cuba, named de Ruiz, and now resides
+in Paris.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+LIFE AND EXPERIENCES IN THE METROPOLIS
+
+
+My health was somewhat impaired by an attack of chills and fever while I
+was still a pupil at Madame Chegaray's school. Long Island was
+especially affected with this malady, and even certain locations on the
+Hudson were on this account regarded with disfavor. In subsequent years,
+when the building operations of the Hudson River railroad cut off the
+water in many places and formed stagnant pools, it became much worse. As
+I began to convalesce, Dr. John W. Francis prescribed a change of air,
+and I was accordingly sent to Saratoga to be under the care of my
+friend, Mrs. Richard Armistead of North Carolina. A few days after my
+arrival we were joined by Mrs. De Witt Clinton and her attractive
+step-daughter, Julia Clinton. The United States Hotel, where we stayed,
+was thronged with visitors, but as I was only a young girl my
+observation of social life was naturally limited and I knew but few
+persons. Mrs. Clinton was a granddaughter of Philip Livingston, the
+Signer, and married at a mature age. She had a natural and most profound
+admiration for the memory of her illustrious husband, whom I have heard
+her describe as "a prince among men," and she cherished an undying
+resentment for any of his political antagonists.
+
+While we were still at the United States Hotel, Martin Van Buren, at
+that time President of the United States, arrived in Saratoga and
+sojourned at the same hotel with us. His visit made an indelible
+impression upon my memory owing to a highly sensational incident. During
+the evening of the President's arrival Mrs. Clinton was promenading in
+the large parlor of the hotel, leaning upon the arm of the Portuguese
+_Charge d'Affaires_, Senhor Joaquim Cesar de Figaniere, when Mr. Van
+Buren espying her advanced with his usual suavity of manner to meet her.
+With a smile upon his face, he extended his hand, whereupon Mrs. Clinton
+immediately turned her back and compelled her escort to imitate her,
+apparently ignoring the fact that he was a foreign diplomat and that his
+conduct might subsequently be resented by the authorities in Washington.
+This incident, occurring as it did in a crowded room, was observed by
+many of the guests and naturally created much comment. In talking over
+the incident the next day Mrs. Clinton told me she was under the
+impression that Mr. Van Buren clearly understood her feelings in regard
+to him, as some years previous, when he and General Andrew Jackson
+called upon her together, she had declined to see him, although Jackson
+had been admitted. This act was characteristic of the woman. It was the
+expression of a resentment which she had harbored against Mr. Van Buren
+for years and which she was only abiding her time to display. I was
+standing at Mrs. Clinton's side during this dramatic episode, and to my
+youthful fancy she seemed, indeed, a heroine!
+
+Mrs. Clinton was a social leader in Gotham before the days of the
+_nouveaux riches_, and her sway was that of an autocrat. Her presence
+was in every way imposing. She possessed many charming characteristics
+and was in more respects than one an uncrowned queen, retaining her
+wonderful tact and social power until the day of her death. I love to
+dwell upon Mrs. Clinton because, apart from her remarkable personal
+characteristics, she was the friend of my earlier life. Possessed as she
+was of many eccentricities, her excellencies far counterbalanced them.
+Of the latter, I recall especially the unusual ability and care she
+displayed in housekeeping, which at that time was regarded as an
+accomplishment in which every woman took particular pride. To be still
+more specific, she apparently had a much greater horror of dirt than the
+average housewife, and carried her antipathy to such an extent that she
+tolerated but few fires in her University Place establishment in New
+York, as she seriously objected to the uncleanness caused by the dust
+and ashes! No matter how cold her house nor how frigid the day, she
+never seemed to suffer but, on the contrary, complained that her home
+was overheated. Her guests frequently commented upon "the nipping and
+eager air" which Shakespeare's Horatio speaks of, but it made no
+apparent impression upon their hostess.
+
+Mrs. Clinton's articulation was affected by a slight stammer, which, in
+my opinion, but added piquancy to her epigrammatic sayings. She once
+remarked to me, "I shall never be c-c-cold until I'm dead." An impulse
+took possession of me which somehow, in spite of the great difference in
+our ages, I seemed unable to resist, and I retorted, "We are not all
+assured of our temperatures at that period." She regarded me for a few
+moments with unfeigned astonishment, but said nothing. I did not suffer
+for my temerity at that moment, but later I was chagrined to learn she
+had remarked that I was the most impertinent girl she had ever known. I
+remember that upon another occasion she told me that one of Governor
+Clinton's grandchildren, Augusta Clinton, was about to leave school at a
+very early age. "Doesn't she intend to finish her education?" I
+inquired. "No," was the quick and emphatic but stuttering reply, "she's
+had sufficient education. I was at school only two months, and I'm sure
+I'm smart enough." Her niece, Margaret Gelston, who was present and was
+remarkable for her clear wits, retorted: "Only think how much smarter
+you'd have been if you had remained longer." In an angry tone Mrs.
+Clinton replied, "I don't want to be any smarter, I'm smart enough."
+
+Mrs. Clinton's two nieces, the Misses Mary and Margaret Gelston, were
+among my earliest and most intimate friends. They occupied a prominent
+social position in New York and both were well known for their unusual
+intellectuality. They were daughters of Maltby Gelston, President of the
+Manhattan Bank, and granddaughters of David Gelston, who was appointed
+Collector of the Port of New York by Jefferson and retained that
+position for twenty years. Late in life Mary Gelston married Henry R.
+Winthrop of New York. She died a few years ago leaving an immense estate
+to Princeton Theological Seminary. "I pray," reads her will, "that the
+Trustees of this Institution may make such use of this bequest as that
+the extension of the Church of Christ on earth and the glory of God may
+be promoted thereby." In the same instrument she adds: "As a similar
+bequest would have been made by my deceased sister, Margaret L. Gelston,
+had she survived me, I desire that the said Trustees should regard it as
+given jointly by my said sister and by me." Some distant relatives,
+thinking that her money could be more satisfactorily employed than in
+the manner indicated, contested the will, and the Seminary finally
+received, as the result of a compromise, between $1,600,000 and
+$1,700,000.
+
+One of my earliest recollections is of John Jacob Astor, a feeble old
+man descending the doorsteps of his home on Broadway near Houston Street
+to enter his carriage. His house was exceedingly plain and was one of a
+row owned by him. His son, William Backhouse Astor, who married a
+daughter of General John Armstrong, Secretary of War under President
+Madison, during at least a portion of his father's life lived in a fine
+house on Lafayette Place. I have attended evening parties there that
+were exceedingly simple in character, and at which Mrs. Astor was always
+plainly dressed and wore no jewels. I have a very distinct recollection
+of one of these parties owing to a ludicrous incident connected with
+myself. My mother was a woman of decidedly domestic tastes, whose whole
+life was so immersed in her large family of children that she never
+allowed an event of a social character to interfere with what she
+regarded as her household or maternal duties. We older children were
+therefore much thrown upon our own resources from a social point of
+view, and when I grew into womanhood and entered society I was usually
+accompanied to entertainments by my father. Sometimes, however, I went
+with my lifelong friend, Margaret Tillotson Kemble, a daughter of
+William Kemble, of whom I shall speak hereafter. Upon this particular
+occasion I had gone early in the day to the Kembles preparatory to
+spending the night there, with the intention of attending a ball at the
+Astors'. Having dined, supped, and dressed myself for the occasion, in
+company with Miss Kemble and her father I reached the Astor residence,
+where I found on the doorstep an Irish maid from my own home awaiting my
+arrival. In her hand she held an exquisite bouquet of pink and white
+japonicas which had been sent to me by John Still Winthrop, the _fiance_
+of Susan Armistead, another of my intimate friends. The bouquet had
+arrived just after my departure from home and, quite unknown to my
+family, the Irish maid out of the goodness of her heart had taken it
+upon herself to see that it was placed in my hands. I learned later
+that, much to the amusement of many of the guests, she had been awaiting
+my arrival for several hours. It seems almost needless to add that I
+carried my flowers throughout the evening with much girlish pride and
+pleasure.
+
+Among the guests at this ball was Mrs. Francis R. Boreel, the young and
+beautiful daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Langdon, who wore in her dark
+hair a diamond necklace, a recent gift from her grandfather, John Jacob
+Astor. It was currently rumored at the time that it cost twenty thousand
+dollars, which was then a very large amount to invest in a single
+article of that character. Mrs. Langdon's two other daughters were Mrs.
+Matthew Wilks, who married abroad and spent her life there, and the
+first Mrs. De Lancey Kane, who made a runaway match, and both of whom
+left descendants in New York. All three women were celebrated for their
+beauty, but Mrs. Boreel was usually regarded as the handsomest of the
+trio. Mrs. Walter Langdon was Dorothea Astor, a daughter of John Jacob
+Astor, and her husband was a grandson of Judge John Langdon of New
+Hampshire, who equipped Stark's regiment for the battle of Bennington,
+and who for twelve years was a member of the United States Senate and
+was present as President _pro tempore_ of that body at the first
+inauguration of Washington.
+
+Another society woman whose presence at this ball I recall, and without
+whom no entertainment was regarded as complete, was Mrs. Charles
+Augustus Davis, wife of the author of the well-known "Jack Downing
+Letters." Indeed, the name "Jack Downing" seemed so much a part of the
+Davis family that in after years I have often heard Mrs. Davis called
+"Mrs. Jack Downing." The Davises had a handsome daughter who married a
+gentleman of French descent, but neither of them long survived the
+marriage.
+
+In an old newspaper of 1807 I came across the following marriage notice,
+which was the first Astor wedding to occur in this country:
+
+     BENTZON--ASTOR. Married, on Monday morning, the 14th ult.
+     [September], by the Rev. Mr. [Ralph] Williston, Adrian B.
+     Bentzon, Esq., of the Isle of St. Croix, to Miss Magdalen
+     Astor, daughter of John Jacob Astor of this city.
+
+It was while on a cruise among the West Indies that Miss Astor met Mr.
+Bentzon, a Danish gentleman of good family but moderate fortune. In the
+early part of the last century many ambitious foreigners went to that
+part of the world with the intention of making their fortunes.
+
+Another daughter of John Jacob Astor, Eliza, married Count Vincent
+Rumpff, who was for some years Minister at the Court of the Tuileries
+from the Hanseatic towns of Germany. She was well known through life,
+and long remembered after death, for her symmetrical Christian
+character. One of her writings, entitled "Transplanted Flowers," has
+been published in conjunction with one of the Duchesse de Broglie,
+daughter of Madame de Stael, with whom she was intimately associated in
+her Christian works.
+
+Henry Astor, the brother of John Jacob Astor, was the first of the
+family to come to America. I am able to state, upon the authority of the
+late Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector of Trinity church in New York, and a
+life-long friend of the whole Astor connection, that he was a private in
+a Hessian regiment that fought against our colonies in the Revolutionary
+War. After its close he decided to remain in New York where he entered
+the employment of a butcher in the old Oswego market. He subsequently
+embarked upon more ambitious enterprises, became a highly successful
+business man and at his death left a large fortune to his childless
+widow. Dr. Dix has stated that it was probably through him that the
+younger brother came to this country. However this may be, John Jacob
+Astor sailed for America as a steerage passenger in a ship commanded by
+Capt. Jacob Stout and arrived in Baltimore in January, 1784. He
+subsequently went to New York, where he spent his first night in the
+house of George Dieterich, a fellow countryman whom he had known in
+Germany and by whom he was now employed to peddle cakes. After remaining
+in his employ for a time and accumulating a little money he hired a
+store of his own where he sold toys and German knickknacks. He
+afterwards added skins and even musical instruments to his stock in
+trade, as will appear from the following in _The Daily Advertiser_ of
+New York, of the 2d of January, 1789, and following issues:
+
+                      J. Jacob Astor,
+                  At No. 81, Queen-street,
+        Next door but one to the Friends Meeting-House,
+                Has for sale an assortment of
+            Piano fortes, of the newest construction,
+     Made by the best makers in London, which he will sell on
+     reasonable terms.
+     He gives Cash for all kinds of FURS:
+     And has for sale a quantity of Canada Beaver, and
+     Beaver Coating, Racoon Skins, and Racoon Blankets,
+     Muskrat Skins, &c. &c.
+
+It would seem that these Astor pianos were manufactured in London and
+that George Astor, an elder brother of John Jacob Astor, was associated
+with the latter in their sale. Indeed, one of them, formerly owned by
+the Clinton family and now in Washington's Headquarters in Newburgh,
+bears the name of "Geo. Astor & Co., Cornhill, London;" while still
+another in my immediate neighborhood in Washington has the inscription
+of "Astor and Camp, 79 Cornhill, London." Their octaves were few in
+number, and a pupil of Chopin would have regarded them with scorn; but
+upon these little spindle-legged affairs a duet could be performed. My
+first knowledge of instrumental music was derived from one of these
+pianos, and among the earliest recollections of my childhood is that of
+hearing my three maiden aunts, my father's sisters, playing in turn the
+inspiring Scotch airs upon the Astor piano that stood in their
+drawing-room. One of their songs was especially inimical to cloistered
+life and it, too, was possibly of Scotch origin. I am unable to recall
+its exact words, but its refrain ran as follows:
+
+    I will not be a nun,
+    I can not be a nun,
+    I shall not be a nun,
+    I'm so fond of pleasure
+    I'll not be a nun.
+
+I own an original letter written by John Jacob Astor from New York on
+the 26th of April, 1826, addressed to ex-President James Monroe, my
+husband's grandfather, which I regard as interesting on account of its
+quaint style:
+
+     Dear Sir,
+
+     Permit me to congratulate you on your Honourable retirement
+     [from public life] for which I most sincerely wish you may
+     enjoy that Peace and Tranquility to which you are so justly
+     entitled.
+
+     Without wishing to cause you any Inconveniency [sic] on
+     account of the loan which I so long since made to you I
+     would be glad if you would put it in a train of sittlelment
+     [sic] if not the whole let it be a part with the interest
+     Due.
+
+     I hope Dear Sir that you and Mrs. Monroe enjoy the best of
+     health and that you may live many years to wittness [sic]
+     the Prosperity of the country to which you have so
+     generously contributed.
+
+     I am most Respectfully Dear Sir your obed S. &c.
+
+          J. J. ASTOR.
+
+     The Honble James Monroe.
+
+It may here be stated that Mr. Astor's solicitude concerning Mr.
+Monroe's financial obligation was duly relieved, and that the debt was
+paid in full.
+
+John Jacob Astor's numerous descendants can lay this "flattering
+unction" to their souls, that every dollar of his vast wealth was
+accumulated through thrift while leading an upright life.
+
+An old-fashioned stage coach in my early days ran between New York and
+Harlem, but the fashionable drive was on the west side of the city
+along what was then called the "Bloomingdale Road." Many fashionable New
+Yorkers owned and occupied handsome country seats along this route, and
+closed their city homes for a period during the heated term. I recall
+with pleasure the home of the Prussian Consul General and Mrs. John
+William Schmidt, and especially their attractive daughters. Mr. Schmidt,
+who came to this country as a bachelor, married Miss Eliza Ann Bache of
+New York. Quite a number of years subsequent to this event, before they
+had children of their own, they adopted a little girl whom they named
+Julia and whom I knew very well in my early girlhood. As equestrian
+exercise was popular in New York at that time, many of the young men and
+women riding on the Bloomingdale Road would stop at the Schmidts'
+hospitable home, rest their horses and enjoy a pleasing half-hour's
+conversation with the daughters of the household. Among the fair riders
+was Mary Tallmadge, a famous beauty and a daughter of General James
+Tallmadge. During her early life and at a period when visits abroad were
+few and far between, her father accompanied her to Europe. During her
+travels on the continent she visited St. Petersburg, where her beauty
+created a great sensation. While there the Emperor Nicholas I. presented
+her with a handsome India shawl. She returned to America, married Philip
+S. Van Rensselaer, a son of the old Patroon, and lived for many years on
+Washington Square in New York.
+
+Alexander Hamilton and family also owned and occupied a house in this
+charming suburb called "The Grange." It was subsequently occupied by
+Herman Thorne, who had married Miss Jane Mary Jauncey, a wealthy heiress
+of New York. He lived in this house only a few years when he went with
+his wife to reside in Paris during the reign of Louis Philippe. Mr.
+Thorne became the most prominent American resident there and excited
+the envy of many of his countrymen by his lavish expenditure of money.
+His daughters made foreign matrimonial alliances. He was originally from
+Schenectady, for a time was a purser in the U.S. Navy, and was
+remarkable for his handsome presence and courtly bearing.
+
+Jacob Lorillard lived in a handsome house in Manhattanville, a short
+distance from the Bloomingdale Road. He began life, first as an
+apprentice and then as a proprietor, in the tanning and hide business,
+and his tannery was on Pearl Street. He then, with his brothers,
+embarked in the manufacture and sale of snuff and tobacco, in which, as
+is well known, he amassed an immense fortune. My earliest recollection
+of the family is in the days of its great prosperity. One of Mr.
+Lorillard's daughters, Julia, who married Daniel Edgar, I knew very
+well, and I recall a visit I once made her in her beautiful home, where
+I also attended her wedding a few years later. At this time her mother
+was a widow, and shortly after the marriage the place was sold to the
+Catholic order of the _Sacre Coeur_. Mrs. Jacob Lorillard was a daughter
+of the Rev. Doctor Johann Christoff Kunze, professor of Oriental
+Languages in Columbia College.
+
+Many years ago the wags of London exhausted their wits in fittingly
+characterizing and ridiculing the numerous equipages of a London
+manufacturer of snuff and tobacco. One couplet suggestive of the manner
+in which this vast wealth was acquired, was
+
+    Who would have thought it
+    That Noses had bought it.
+
+The suitor of the daughter of this wealthy Englishman was appropriately
+dubbed "Up to Snuff." Alas, this ancestral and aristocratic luxury of
+snuff departed many years ago, but succeeding generations have been "up
+to snuff" in many other ways. The gold snuff-box frequently studded
+with gems which I remember so well in days gone by and especially at the
+home Gouverneur Kemble in Cold Spring, where it was passed around and
+freely used by both men and women, now commands no respect except as an
+ancestral curio. Dryden, Dean Swift, Pope, Addison, Lord Chesterfield,
+Dr. Johnson, Garrick, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Keats, Charles Lamb, Gibbon,
+Walter Scott and Darwin were among the prominent worshipers of the
+snuff-box and its contents, while some of them indulged in the habit to
+the degree of intemperance. In describing his manner of using the
+snuff-box Gibbon wrote: "I drew my snuff-box, rapped it, took snuff
+twice, and continued my discourse in my usual attitude of my body bent
+forwards, and my fore-finger stretched out;" and Boswell wrote in its
+praise:
+
+    Oh, snuff! our fashionable end and aim--
+    Strasburgh, Rappe, Dutch, Scotch--whate'er thy name!
+    Powder celestial! quintessence divine
+    New joys entrance my soul while thou art mine;
+    Who takes? who takes thee not? Where'er I range
+    I smell thy sweets from Pall Mall to the 'Change.
+
+While the spirit of patriotism was as prevalent in early New York as it
+is now, it seems to me that it was somewhat less demonstrative. The 4th
+of July, however, was anticipated by the youngsters of the day with the
+greatest eagerness and pleasure. It was the habit of my father, for many
+years, to take us children early in the morning to the City Hall to
+attend the official observances of the day, an experience which we
+naturally regarded as a great privilege. Booths were temporarily erected
+all along the pavement in front of the City Hall, where substantial food
+was displayed and sold to the crowds collected to assist in celebrating
+the day. About noon several military companies arrived upon the scene
+and took their positions in the park, where, after a number of
+interesting maneuvers, a salute was fired which was terrifying to my
+youthful nerves. Small boys, then as now, provided themselves with
+pistols, and human life was occasionally sacrificed to patriotic ardor,
+although I never remember hearing of cases of lockjaw resulting from
+such accidents, as is so frequently the case at present. Firecrackers
+and torpedoes were then in vogue, but skyrockets and more elaborate
+fireworks had not then come into general use. I do not recall that the
+national flag was especially prominent upon the "glorious fourth," and
+it is my impression that this insignia of patriotism was not universally
+displayed upon patriotic occasions until the Civil War.
+
+The musical world of New York lay dormant until about the year 1825,
+when Dominick Lynch, much to the delight of the cultivated classes,
+introduced the Italian Opera. Through his instrumentality Madame
+Malibran, her father, Signor Garcia, and her brother, Manuel Garcia, who
+by the way died abroad in 1906, nearly ninety-nine years of age, came to
+this country and remained for quite a period. I have heard many sad
+traditions regarding Malibran, whose name is certainly immortal in the
+annals of the musical world. Mr. Lynch was the social leader of his day
+in New York, was aesthetic in his tastes, and possessed a highly
+cultivated voice. He frequently sang the beautiful old ballads so much
+in vogue at that period. I have heard through Mrs. Samuel L. Hinckley,
+an old friend of mine, who remembered the incident, that during a visit
+to Boston when he sang Tom Moore's pathetic ballad, "Oft in the Stilly
+Night," there was scarcely a dry eye in the room. In referring to the
+introduction of the Italian Opera into this country Dr. John W. Francis
+in his "Old New York" thus speaks of Dominick Lynch: "For this
+advantageous accession to the resources of mental gratification, we were
+indebted to the taste and refinement of Dominick Lynch, the liberality
+of the manager of the Park Theater, Stephen Price, and the distinguished
+reputation of the Venetian, Lorenzo Da Ponte. Lynch, a native of New
+York, was the acknowledged head of the fashionable and festive board, a
+gentleman of the ton and a melodist of great powers and of exquisite
+taste; he had long striven to enhance the character of our music; he was
+the master of English song, but he felt, from his close cultivation of
+music and his knowledge of the genius of his countrymen, that much was
+wanting, and that more could be accomplished, and he sought out, while
+in Europe, an Italian _troupe_, which his persuasive eloquence and the
+liberal spirit of Price led to embark for our shores where they arrived
+in November, 1825." Stephen Price here referred to by Dr. Francis was
+the manager of the old Park Theater. Dominick Lynch's grandson, Nicholas
+Luquer, who with his charming wife, formerly Miss Helen K. Shelton of
+New York, resides in Washington, and his son, Lynch Luquer, inherit the
+musical ability of their ancestor.
+
+The great actors of the day performed in the Park Theater. I also
+vividly remember the Bowery Theater, as well as in subsequent years
+Burton's Theater in Chambers Street and the Astor Place Theater. When
+William C. Macready, the great English actor, was performing in the
+latter in 1849 a riot occurred caused by the jealousy existing between
+him and his American rival, Edwin Forrest. Forrest had not been well
+received in England owing, as he believed, to the unfriendly influence
+of Macready. While the latter was considered by many the better actor,
+Forrest was exceptionally popular with a certain class of people in New
+York whose sympathies were easily enlisted and whose passions were
+readily aroused. During the evening referred to, while Macready was
+acting in the _role_ of Macbeth, a determined mob attacked the theater,
+and the riot was not quelled until after a bitter struggle, in which the
+police and the military were engaged, and during which twenty-one were
+killed and thirty-three wounded.
+
+In consequence of this unfortunate rivalry and its bloody results,
+Forrest became morbid, and his domestic infelicities that followed
+served to still further embitter his life. In 1850 his wife instituted
+proceedings for divorce in the Superior Court of the City of New York,
+and the trial was protracted for two years. She was represented by the
+eminent jurist, Charles O'Conor, while Forrest employed "Prince" John
+Van Buren, son of the ex-President. The legal struggle was one of the
+most celebrated in the annals of the New York bar. There was abundant
+evidence of moral delinquency on the part of both parties to the suit,
+but the verdict was in favor of Mrs. Forrest. She was the daughter of
+John Sinclair, formerly a drummer in the English army and subsequently a
+professional singer. James Gordon Bennett said of her in the _Herald_
+that "being born and schooled in turmoil and dissipation and reared in
+constant excitement she could not live without it."
+
+I have heard it said that one day John Van Buren was asked by a
+disgruntled friend at the close of a hotly contested suit whether there
+was any case so vile or disreputable that he would refuse to act as
+counsel for the accused. The quick response was: "I must first know the
+circumstances of the case; but what have you been doing?" Dr. Valentine
+Mott, who for many years was a resident of Paris, gave a fancy-dress
+ball in New York in honor of the Prince de Joinville, son of Louis
+Philippe. At this entertainment John Van Buren appeared in the usual
+evening dress with a red sash tied around his waist. Much to the
+amusement of the guests whom he met, his salutation was: "Would you know
+me?" It will be remembered that he was familiarly called "Prince John,"
+owing to the fact that he had once danced with Queen Victoria prior to
+her ascension to the throne. One day Van Buren met on the street James
+T. Brady, a lawyer of equal ability and wit, who had recently returned
+from a visit to England. In a most patronizing manner he inquired
+whether he had seen the Queen. "Certainly," said Mr. Brady, "and under
+these circumstances. I was walking along the street when by chance the
+Queen's carriage overtook me, and the moment Her Majesty's eye lighted
+upon me she exclaimed: 'Hello, Jim Brady, when did you hear from John
+Van Buren?'" I recall another amusing anecdote about John Van Buren
+during my school days. Mustaches were at that time worn chiefly by the
+sporting element. Mr. Van Buren, who was very attentive to Catharine
+Theodora Duer, a daughter of President William Alexander Duer of
+Columbia College, and who, by the way, never married, adopted this style
+of facial adornment, but the young woman objecting to it he cut it off
+and sent it to her in a letter. Prince John Van Buren's daughter, Miss
+Anna Vander Poel Van Buren, many years thereafter, married Edward
+Alexander Duer, a nephew of this Catharine Theodora Duer.
+
+It was my very great pleasure to know Fanny Kemble and her father,
+Charles Kemble. She was, indeed, the queen of tragedy, and delighted the
+histrionic world of New York by her remarkable rendering of the plays of
+Shakespeare. In later years when I heard her give Shakespearian
+readings, I regarded the occasion as an epoch in my life. In this
+connection I venture to express my surprise that the classical English
+quotations so pleasing to the ear in former days are now so seldom
+heard. It seems unfortunate that the epigrammatic sentences, for
+example, of grand old Dr. Samuel Johnson have become almost obsolete. In
+former years Byron appealed to the sentiment, while the more ambitious
+quoted Greek maxims. The sayings of the old authors were recalled,
+mingled with the current topics of the day. It would seem, however, that
+the present generation is decidedly more interested in quotations from
+the stock exchange. Edmund Burke said that "the age of chivalry is
+gone, that of sophists, economists, and calculators has succeeded."
+
+Upon her return to England Fanny Kemble published her journal kept while
+in the United States, which was by no means pleasing in every respect to
+her American readers. It is said that in one of her literary effusions
+she dwelt upon a custom, which she claimed was prevalent in America, of
+parents naming their children after classical heroes, and gave as an
+example a child in New York who bore the name of Alfonzo Alonzo
+Agamemnon Dionysius Bogardus. The sister of this youth, she stated, was
+named Clementina Seraphina Imogen. I think this statement must have been
+evolved from her own brain, as it would be difficult to conceive of
+parents who would consent to make their children notorious in such a
+ridiculous manner. Fanny Kemble married Pierce Butler, a lawyer of
+ability and cousin of the U.S. Senator from South Carolina of the same
+name, and they were divorced in 1849, when the Hon. George M. Dallas was
+counsel for Fanny Kemble and Rufus Choate appeared for her husband.
+
+Fanny Elssler, a queen of grace and beauty on the stage, delighted
+immense audiences at the Park Theater. She came to this country under
+the auspices of Chevalier Henry Wikoff, a roving but accomplished
+soldier of fortune, who pitched his camp in both continents. Upon her
+arrival in New York the "divine Fanny," as she was invariably called,
+was borne to her destination in a carriage from which the horses had
+been detached by her enthusiastic _adorateurs_, led by August Belmont.
+She was, indeed,
+
+    A being so fair that the same lips and eyes
+    She bore on earth might serve in Paradise.
+
+At this distant day it seems almost impossible to describe her. She
+seemed to float upon the stage sustained only by the surrounding
+atmosphere. In my opinion she has never had a rival, with the possible
+exception of Taglioni, the great Swedish _danseuse_. I saw Fanny Elssler
+dance the _cracovienne_ and the _cachucha_, and it is a memory which
+will linger with me always. The music that accompanied these dances was
+generally selected from the popular airs of the day. Many dark stories
+were afloat concerning Fanny Elssler's private life, but to me it seems
+impossible to associate her angelic presence with anything but her
+wonderful art. She was never received socially in New York; indeed, the
+only person that I remember connected with the stage in my early days
+who had the social _entree_ was Fanny Kemble.
+
+We attended the Dutch Reformed Church in New York of which the Rev. Dr.
+Jacob Brodhead was for many years the pastor. My aunts, however,
+attended one of the three collegiate churches in the lower part of the
+city, and I sometimes accompanied them and, as there was a frequent
+interchange of pulpits, I became quite accustomed to hear all of the
+three clergymen. The Rev. Dr. John Knox, who endeared himself to his
+flock by his gentle and appealing ministrations; the Rev. Dr. Thomas De
+Witt, a profound theologian and courtly gentleman; and the Rev. Dr.
+William C. Brownlee, with his vigorous Scotch accent, preaching against
+what he invariably called "papery" (popery), and recalling, as he did,
+John Knox of old, that irritating thorn in the side of the unfortunate
+Mary Queen of Scots, made up this remarkable trio. During the latter
+part of his life Dr. Brownlee suffered from a stroke of paralysis which
+rendered him speechless, and his Catholic adversaries improved this
+opportunity to circulate the report that he had been visited by a
+judgment from Heaven.
+
+There were many shining lights in the Episcopal Church at this time in
+New York. The Rev. Dr. William Berrian was the acceptable rector of St.
+John's, which was then as now a chapel of Trinity Parish. The Rev. Dr.
+Francis L. Hawks was the popular rector of St. Thomas's church, on the
+corner of Broadway and Houston Streets. He was a North Carolinian by
+birth, but is said to have been in part of Indian descent. I recall with
+pleasure his masterly rendition of the Episcopal service. During the
+Civil War he made it quite apparent to his parishioners that his
+sympathies were with the South, and as most of them did not share his
+views he moved to Baltimore, where a more congenial atmosphere
+surrounded him.
+
+The Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, senior, was the rector of St. George's
+Episcopal church in the lower part of the city. He was a theologian of
+the Low-Church school and was greatly esteemed by all of his colleagues.
+His son, the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, junior, was in full sympathy with
+the Low-Church views of his father, and will be recalled as an
+evangelical preacher of exceptional power and wide influence. In the
+summer of 1867 he preached, in defiance of the canons of the Episcopal
+Church, in St. James's Methodist church in New Brunswick, N.J., thus
+invading without authority the parishes of the Rev. Dr. Alfred Stubs and
+the Rev. Dr. Edward B. Boggs of that city. His trial was of sensational
+interest, and resulted, as will be remembered, in his conviction. The
+attitude of the Tyngs, father and son, was humorously described by
+Anthony Bleecker, a well-known wit of the day, in these verses:
+
+    _Tyng, Junior._
+
+    I preach from barrels and from tubs,
+    In spite of Boggs, in spite of Stubs;
+    I'll preach from stumps, I'll preach from logs,
+    In spite of Stubs, in spite of Boggs.
+
+    _Tyng, Senior._
+
+    Do, Steve; and lay aside your gown,
+    Your bands and surplice throw them down;
+    A bob-tail coat of tweed or kersey
+    Is good enough at least for Jersey.
+
+    _Tyng, Junior._
+
+    What if the Bishops interfere,
+    And I am made a culprit clear;
+    Can't you a thunderbolt then forge,
+    And hurl it in the new St. George?
+
+    _Tyng, Senior._
+
+    Be sure I can and out of spite
+    A wrathy sermon I'll indite;
+    I'll score the court and every judge
+    And call the whole proceedings fudge;
+    And worse than that each reverent name
+    I'll bellow through the trump of fame;
+    With Bishop Potter I'll get even,
+    And make you out the martyr Stephen.
+
+The Rev. Dr. Orville Dewey, renowned for his intellectual attainments,
+preached in the Unitarian church in Mercer Street. In subsequent years
+his sermons were published and I understand are still read with much
+interest and pleasure. Archbishop John Hughes, whom I knew quite well,
+was the controlling power in the Roman Catholic Church. He possessed the
+affectionate regard of the whole community, and naturally commanded a
+wide influence. A Roman Catholic told me many years ago that, upon one
+of the visits of the Archbishop to St. Peter's church, he took the
+congregation to task for their exclusiveness, exclaiming: "You lock up
+your pews and exclude the marrow of the land."
+
+I knew very well the Rev. Charles Constantine Pise, the first
+native-born Catholic to officiate in St. Joseph's church on Sixth
+Avenue. He was of Italian parentage and was remarkable for his great
+physical attractiveness. In addition to his fine appearance, he was
+exceedingly social in his tastes and was consequently a highly agreeable
+guest. He cultivated the muses to a modest degree, and I have several of
+his poetical effusions, one of which was addressed to me. In spite of
+the admiration he commanded from both men and women, irrespective of
+creed, life seemed to present to him but few allurements. Archbishop
+Hughes sent him to a small Long Island parish where, after laboring long
+and earnestly, he closed his earthly career. An anecdote is related of
+this pious man which I believe to be true. A young woman quite forgetful
+of the proprieties and conventionalties of life, but with decided
+matrimonial proclivities, made Father Pise an offer of her fortune,
+heart and hand. In a dignified manner he advised her to give her heart
+to God, her money to the poor, and her hand to the man who asked for it.
+Prior to his rectorship of St. Joseph's church in New York, Father Pise,
+who was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, served as Chaplain of the U.S.
+Senate during a portion of the 22d Congress. At the National Capital as
+well as in New York he was exceptionally popular, making many converts,
+especially among young women, and preaching to congregations in churches
+so densely crowded that it was difficult to obtain even standing room.
+
+I cannot pass the Roman Catholic clergy without some reference to the
+Rev. Felix Varela, a priest of Spanish descent and, it is said, of noble
+birth, who was sent from Cuba to Spain as one of the deputies to the
+Cortes from his native island. His church was St. Peter's in Barclay
+Street. It would be difficult for any words to do justice to his life of
+self-abnegation or to his adherence to the precepts of his Divine
+Master. It is with pleasure, therefore, that I relate the following
+story, for the truth of which I can vouch. A policeman found a handsome
+pair of silver candlesticks in the custody of a poor unfortunate man,
+and as they bore upon them a distinctive coat of arms he arrested him.
+On his way to prison the suspected criminal begged to see Father Varela
+for a moment, and as his residence was _en route_ to the station house
+the officer granted his request. This good priest informed the policeman
+with much reluctance that the candlesticks had formerly belonged to
+him, and that he had given them to his prisoner to buy bread for his
+family. My father was so deeply in sympathy with the life and character
+of this priest that, although of a different faith, he seldom heard his
+name mentioned without an expression of admiration for his life and
+character.
+
+There was a French Protestant church in Franklin Street ministered to by
+the Rev. Dr. Antoine Verren, whose wife was a daughter of Thomas
+Hammersley. I also remember very well a Presbyterian church on Laight
+Street, opposite St. John's Park, the rector of which was the Rev. Dr.
+Samuel H. Cox, an uncle of the late Bishop Arthur Cleveland Cox of the
+Episcopal Church. Dr. Cox was a prominent abolitionist, and when we were
+living on Hubert Street, just around the corner, this church was stoned
+by a mob because the rector had expressed his anti-slavery views too
+freely.
+
+The mode of conducting funerals in former days in New York differed very
+materially from the customs now in vogue. While the coffins of the
+well-to-do were made entirely of mahogany and without handles, I have
+always understood that persons of the Hebrew faith buried their dead in
+pine coffins, as they believed this wood to be more durable.
+Pall-bearers wore white linen scarfs three yards long with a rosette of
+the same material fastened on one shoulder, which, together with a pair
+of black gloves, was always presented by the family. It was originally
+the intention that the linen scarf should be used after the funeral for
+making a shirt. Funerals from churches were not as customary as at the
+present time. If the body was to be interred within the city limits
+every one attending the services, including the family, walked to the
+cemetery. It was unusual for a woman to be seen at a funeral.
+
+But the whole social tone of New York society was more _de rigueur_ than
+now. Sometimes, for example, persons living under a cloud of
+insufficient magnitude to place them behind prison bars, feeling their
+disgrace, took flight for Texas. Instead of placing the conventional
+_P.P.C._ on their cards the letters _G.T.T._ were used, meaning that the
+self-expatriated ne'er-do-well had "gone to Texas." I have always
+understood that in Great Britain the transgressor sought the Continent,
+where he was often enabled to pass into oblivion. In this manner both
+countries were relieved of patriots who "left their country for their
+country's good." As an example, I remember hearing in my early life of
+an Englishman named de Roos, who had the unfortunate habit of arranging
+cards to suit his own fancy. When his _confreres_ finally caught him in
+the act he left hurriedly for the Continent.
+
+In 1842 the U.S. sloop of war _Somers_ arrived in New York, and the
+country was startled by the accounts of what has since been known as the
+"Somers Mutiny." The Captain of the ship was Commander Alexander Slidell
+Mackenzie, whose original surname was Slidell. He was a brother of the
+Hon. John Slidell, at one time U.S. Senator from Louisiana, who, during
+the Civil War, while on his passage to England on the _Trent_ as a
+representative of the Southern Confederacy in England, was captured by
+Captain Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy. The result of the alleged
+mutiny was the execution, by hanging at the yard arm, of Philip Spencer,
+a son of the celebrated New York lawyer, John C. Spencer, President
+Tyler's Secretary of War, and of two sailors, Samuel Cromwell and Elisha
+Small. It was charged that they had conspired to capture the ship and
+set adrift or murder her officers. Being far from any home port, and
+uncertain of the extent to which the spirit of disaffection had
+permeated the crew, Mackenzie consulted the officers of his ship as to
+the proper course for him to pursue. In accordance with their advice,
+and after only a preliminary examination of witnesses and no formal
+trial with testimony for the defense, they were, as just stated,
+summarily executed.
+
+I speak from the point of view of the legal element of New York, as my
+father's associates were nearly all professional men. The world was
+aghast upon receiving the news that three men had been hurled into
+eternity without judge or jury. Spencer was a lad of less than nineteen
+and a midshipman. Although Captain Mackenzie's action was sustained by
+the court of inquiry, which was convened in his case, as well as by the
+_esprit de corps_ of the Navy, public feeling ran so high that a court
+martial was ordered. His trial of two months' duration took place at the
+Brooklyn Navy Yard, and resulted in a verdict of "not proven." The
+judge-advocate of the court was Mr. William H. Norris of Baltimore, and
+Mackenzie was defended by Mr. George Griffith and Mr. John Duer, the
+latter of whom was the distinguished New York jurist and the uncle of
+Captain Mackenzie's wife. At the request of the Hon. John C. Spencer,
+Benjamin F. Butler and Charles O'Conor, leaders of the New York bar,
+formally applied for permission to ask questions approved by the court
+and to offer testimony, but the request was refused--"so that," as
+Thomas H. Benton expressed it, "at the long _post mortem_ trial which
+was given to the boy after his death, the father was not allowed to ask
+one question in favor of his son." After a lapse of sixty-nine years,
+judging from Mackenzie's report to the Navy Department, it almost seems
+as if he possessed a touch of mediaeval superstition. He speaks of
+Spencer giving money and tobacco to the crew, of his being extremely
+intimate with them, that he had a strange flashing of the eye, and
+finally that he was in the habit of amusing the sailors by making music
+with his jaws. Mackenzie in his official report stated that this lad
+"had the faculty of throwing his jaw out of joint and by contact of the
+bones playing with accuracy and elegance a variety of airs." James
+Fenimore Cooper stated it as his opinion, "that such was the obliquity
+of intellect shown by Mackenzie in the whole affair, that no analysis
+of his motives can be made on any consistent principle of human action;"
+and the distinguished statesman, Thomas H. Benton, whose critical and
+lengthy review of the whole case would seem to carry conviction to
+unprejudiced minds, declared that the three men "died innocent, as
+history will tell and show."
+
+The proceedings of the Mackenzie trial were eagerly read by an
+interested public. As I remember the testimony given regarding Spencer's
+last moments upon earth, Mackenzie announced to the youthful culprit
+that he had but ten minutes to live. He fell at once upon his knees and
+exclaimed that he was not fit to die, and the Captain replied that he
+was aware of the fact, but could not help it. It is recorded that he
+read his Bible and Prayer-Book, and that the Captain referred him to the
+"penitent thief;" but when he pleaded that his fate would kill his
+mother and injure his father, Mackenzie made the inconsiderate reply
+that the best and only service he could render his father was to die.
+
+I recall a conversation bearing upon the _Somers_ tragedy which I
+overheard between my father and his early friend, Thomas Morris, when
+their indignation was boundless. The latter's son, Lieutenant Charles W.
+Morris, U.S.N., had made several cruises with the alleged mutineer
+Cromwell. Meeting Mackenzie he stated this fact, saying at the same time
+that he found him a well-disposed and capable seaman. Mackenzie quickly
+responded that "he had a bad eye," and then Lieutenant Morris recalled
+that the unfortunate man had a cast in one eye.
+
+A few years after his court-martial Mackenzie fell dead from his horse.
+One of the wardroom officers of the _Somers_ was Adrian Deslonde of
+Louisiana, whose sister married the Hon. John Slidell, of whom I have
+already spoken as Commander Mackenzie's brother.
+
+I seldom hear the name of John Slidell without being reminded of a
+witticism which I heard from my mother's lips, the author of which was
+Louisa Fairlie, a daughter of Major James Fairlie, who, during the War
+of the Revolution, served upon General Steuben's staff. She was, I have
+understood, a great belle with a power of repartee which bordered upon
+genius. During the youth of John Slidell he attended a dinner at a
+prominent New York residence and sat at the table next to Miss Fairlie.
+In a tactless manner he made a pointedly unpleasant remark bearing upon
+the marriage of her sister Mary to the distinguished actor, Thomas
+Apthorpe Cooper, a subject upon which the Fairlie family was somewhat
+sensitive. Miss Fairlie regarded Mr. Slidell for only a moment, and then
+retorted: "Sir, you have been _dipped_ not _moulded_ into society"--an
+incident which, by the way, I heard repeated many years later at a
+dinner in China. To appreciate this witticism, one may refer to the New
+York directory of 1789, which describes John Slidell, the father of the
+Slidell of whom we are speaking, as "soap boiler and chandler, 104
+Broadway." Miss Fairlie's pun seems to me to be quite equal to that of
+Rufus Choate, who, when a certain Baptist minister described himself as
+"a candle of the Lord," remarked, "Then you are a dipped, but I hope not
+a wick-ed candle." It is said that upon another occasion, after the
+return of Mr. Slidell from a foreign trip, he was asked by Miss Fairlie
+whether he had been to Greece. He replied in the negative and asked the
+reason for her query. "Oh, nothing," she said, "only it would have been
+very natural for you to visit Greece in order to renew early
+associations!" Many years thereafter Priscilla Cooper, the wife of
+Robert Tyler and the daughter-in-law of President John Tyler, a daughter
+of Thomas Apthorpe Cooper and his wife, Mary Fairlie, presided at the
+White House during the widowhood of her distinguished father-in-law.
+
+As has already been stated, the father of the Hon. John Slidell was a
+chandler, and he conducted his business with such success that in time
+he became prominent in mercantile and financial circles, and eventually
+was made president of the Mechanics Bank and the Tradesmen's Insurance
+Company. His son John, who at first engaged in his father's soap and
+tallow business as an apprentice, finally succeeded him, and the
+enterprise was continued under the firm name of "John Slidell, Jr. and
+Company." The house failed, however, and it is said that this fact,
+together with the scandal attending his duel with Stephen Price, manager
+of the Park Theater, in which the latter was wounded, were the
+controlling factors that led the future Hon. John Slidell to remove his
+residence to New Orleans. In this place he became highly celebrated as a
+lawyer, and his successful political career is well known. He married
+Miss Marie Mathilde Deslonde, a member of a well-known Creole family,
+and many persons still living will recall her grace and _savoir faire_
+in Washington when her husband represented Louisiana in the United
+States Senate. Miss Jane Slidell, a sister of the Hon. John Slidell,
+married Commodore Matthew C. Perry, U.S.N., who opened the doors of
+Japan to the trade of the world, and whose daughter, Caroline Slidell
+Perry, became the wife of the late August Belmont of New York, while
+Julia, another of Mr. Slidell's sisters, married the late Rear Admiral
+C. R. P. Rodgers, U.S.N.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+LONG BRANCH, NEWPORT AND ELSEWHERE
+
+
+When I was about ten years of age, accompanied by my parents, I made a
+visit to Long Branch, which was then one of the most fashionable summer
+resorts for New Yorkers. As we made the journey by steamboat and the
+water was rough we were the victims of a violent attack of seasickness
+from which few of the passengers escaped. Many Philadelphians also spent
+their summers at this resort, and there was naturally a fair sprinkling
+of people from other large cities. At that time there were no hotels in
+the place, but there was one commodious boarding house which
+accommodated a large number of guests. It bore no name, but was
+designated as "Mrs. Sairs'," from its proprietress. In this
+establishment our whole family, by no means small, found accommodations.
+I recall many pleasant acquaintances we made while there, especially
+that of Miss Molly Hamilton of Philadelphia. She was a vivacious old
+lady, and was accompanied by her nephew, Hamilton Beckett, in whom I
+found a congenial playmate. His name made a strong impression upon my
+memory, as I was then reading the history of Thomas a Becket, the
+murdered Archbishop of Canterbury. I have heard that this friend of my
+childhood went eventually to England to reside. The Penningtons of
+Newark had a cottage near us. William Pennington subsequently became
+Governor of New Jersey. I also enjoyed the youthful companionship of his
+daughter Mary, whom many years later I met in Washington. In the
+interval she had become a pronounced belle and the wife of Hugh A. Toler
+of Newark.
+
+The guests of the boarding house were inclined to complain that the
+beach was too exclusively appropriated by two acquaintances of ours who
+were living in the same house with us, Mrs. G. W. Featherstonhaugh and
+Mrs. Thomas M. Willing, and their train of admirers. They were sprightly
+young women and daughters of Bernard Moore Carter of Virginia. I
+remember it was the gossip of the place that both of them could count
+their offers of marriage by the score. Mrs. Willing was a skilled
+performer upon the harp, an instrument then much in vogue, but whose
+silvery tones are now, alas, only memory's echo. Mr. Featherstonhaugh,
+who was by birth an Englishman, after residing in the United States a
+few years, wrote in 1847 a book entitled "Excursion through the Slave
+States from Washington on the Potomac to the Frontier of Mexico." I
+recall that in this volume he spoke with enthusiasm of the _agrements_
+of the palate which he enjoyed during a few days' sojourn at Barnum's
+Hotel in Baltimore. He dwelt particularly, with gastronomic ecstasy,
+upon the canvas-back duck and soft-shell crab upon which he feasted, and
+was inclined to draw an unfavorable comparison between the former hotel
+and Gadsby's, the well-known Washington hostelry. Upon his journey he
+visited Monticello, the former home of Thomas Jefferson. His encomium on
+this distinguished man appealed to me as I am sure it does to others; he
+spoke of him as the "Confucius of his country." Altogether, Mr.
+Featherstonhaugh's experiences in America were as novel and entertaining
+as a sojourn with Aborigines.
+
+Just off the beach at Long Branch was a high bluff which descended
+gradually to the sea, and at this point were several primitive bath
+houses belonging to Mrs. Sairs' establishment. Following the prevalent
+custom, we wore no bathing shoes and stockings, but, accompanied by a
+stalwart bathing master, we enjoyed many dips in the briny deep, and
+were brought safely back by him to our bath house. There was no
+immodest lingering on the beach; this privilege was reserved for the
+advanced civilization of a later day.
+
+While I was still a young child, and some years after our visit to Long
+Branch, my infant brother Malcolm became seriously ill. Dr. John W.
+Francis, our family physician, prescribed a change of air for him, and
+my parents took him to Newport. We found pleasant accommodations for our
+family in a fashionable boarding house on Thames Street, the guests of
+which were composed almost exclusively of Southern families. Newport was
+then in an exceedingly primitive state and I have no recollection of
+seeing either cottages or hotels, while modern improvements were
+unknown. We led a simple outdoor life, taking our breakfast at eight,
+dining at two and supping at six. It was indeed "early to bed and early
+to rise."
+
+As I recall these early days in Newport, two fascinating old ladies,
+typical Southern gentlewomen, the Misses Philippa and Hetty Minus of
+Savannah, present themselves vividly to my memory. After we returned to
+our New York home we had the pleasure of meeting them again and
+entertaining them. Another charming guest of our establishment was the
+wife of James L. Pettigru, an eminent citizen of South Carolina. She was
+the first woman of fashion presented to my girlish vision, and her mode
+of life was a revelation. She kept very late hours, often lingering in
+her room the next morning until midday. As I was then familiar with Miss
+Edgeworth's books for young people, which all judicious parents
+purchased for their children, I immediately designated Mrs. Pettigru as
+"Lady Delacour," whose habits and fashions are so pleasingly described
+in that admirable novel, "Belinda." Although born and bred in South
+Carolina, Mr. Pettigru remained loyal to the Union, and after his death
+his valuable library was purchased by Congress. The members of another
+representative South Carolina family, the Allstons, were also among our
+fellow boarders at Long Branch. This name always brings to mind the
+pathetic history of Theodosia Burr, Aaron Burr's only child, and her sad
+death; while the name of Washington Allston, the artist, is too well
+known to be dwelt upon.
+
+After a month's pleasant sojourn in Newport my brother's health had
+materially improved and we returned to our New York home by the way of
+Boston, where we were guests at the Tremont House. I blush to
+acknowledge to the Bostonians who may peruse these pages that my chief
+recollection of this visit is that I was standing on the steps of the
+hotel, when I was accosted by a gentleman, who exclaimed: "You are a
+Campbell, I'll bet ten thousand dollars!" I apologize for writing such a
+personal reminiscence of such an historic town, but such are the freaks
+of memory. This was prior to the maturer days of William Lloyd Garrison,
+Wendell Phillips and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
+
+Before passing on to other subjects I must not omit mentioning that at
+this period the currency used in the New England States differed from
+that of New York. This fact was brought vividly before me in Newport
+when I made an outlay of a shilling at a candy store. In return for my
+Mexican quarter of a dollar I was handed a small amount of change. I
+left the shop fully convinced that I was a victim of sharp practice, but
+learned later that there was a slight difference between the shilling
+used in New York and that used in New England.
+
+Many years later I visited Boston again, this time as the guest of Mr.
+and Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop at their superb Brookline home; and,
+escorted by Mr. Winthrop and Mr. and Mrs. Jabez L. M. Curry of Alabama,
+who were also their house-guests, I visited all the points of historical
+interest. Both Mr. Winthrop and Mr. Curry were then trustees of the
+Peabody Fund. A few years after we separated in Boston Mr. and Mrs.
+Curry went to Spain to reside, where, as American Minister, he was
+present at the birth of King Alfonso of Spain.
+
+About fifteen years later I again visited Newport, but this time I was a
+full-fledged young woman. During my absence a large number of hotels and
+cottages had been erected, many of which were occupied by Southern
+families who still continued to regard this Rhode Island resort as
+almost exclusively their own. I recall the names of many of them, all of
+whom were conspicuous in social life in the South. Among them were the
+Middletons, whose ancestors were historically prominent; the Pinckneys,
+descended from the illustrious Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who uttered
+the well-known maxim, "Millions for defense but not one cent for
+tribute;" the Izards; the Draytons, of South Carolina; and the
+Habershams of Georgia. During this visit in Newport I was the guest, at
+their summer cottage, of my life-long friends, the Misses Mary and
+Margaret Gelston, daughters of Maltby Gelston, former President of the
+Manhattan Bank of New York. Not far from the Gelstons resided what Sam
+Weller would call three "widder women." They were sisters, the daughters
+of Ralph Izard of Dorchester, S.C., and bore distinguished South
+Carolina names; Mrs. Poinsett who had been the wife of Joel Roberts
+Poinsett, the well-known statesman and Secretary of War under Van Buren,
+Mrs. Eustis, the widow of Gen. Abram Eustis, U.S.A., who had served in
+the War of 1812, and Mrs. Thomas Pinckney, whose husband, the nephew of
+General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, had been a wealthy rice planter in
+South Carolina. The beautiful Christmas flower, the poinsettia, was
+named in compliment to Mr. Poinsett. These interesting women for many
+years were in the habit of leaving what they called their "Carolina"
+home for a summer sojourn at Newport, where their house was one of the
+social centers of attraction. With their graceful bearing, gentle voices
+and cordial manners they were characteristic types of the Southern
+_grandes dames_ now so seldom seen. A short distance from my hosts'
+cottage lived the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who was
+also the widow of Robert Goodloe Harper, a prominent Federalist and a
+United States Senator during the administrations of Madison and Monroe.
+Mrs. Harper's sister married Richard Caton of Maryland, whose daughters
+made such distinguished British matrimonial alliances. Her daughter,
+Emily Harper, upon whose personality I love to dwell, was from her
+earliest childhood endowed with strong religious traits. Her gentle
+Christian character exemplified charity to all who were fortunate enough
+to come within the radius of her influence. She was in every sense of
+the word a deeply religious woman, and her influence upon those around
+her was of the most elevating character.
+
+I shall always remember with the keenest enjoyment some of the pleasant
+teas at this hospitable home of the Harpers in Newport. All sects were
+welcomed, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Hebrews, Unitarians, and I doubt
+not that an equally cordial reception would have awaited Mahommedans or
+Hindoos. I once heard Miss Harper say that she shared with Chateaubriand
+the ennobling sentiment that the salvation of one soul was of more value
+than the conquest of a kingdom. Naturally the Harper cottage was the
+rendezvous for Southerners and its hospitable roof sheltered many
+prominent people, especially guests from Maryland. Mr. Maltby Gelston
+told me at the time of this visit that Mrs. Harper was the only child of
+a Signer then living. It is probable that he spoke from positive
+knowledge, as he was an authority upon the subject, having married the
+granddaughter of Philip Livingston, a New York Signer. A few years
+later, when I was married in Washington, D.C., I was deeply gratified
+when Miss Harper came from Baltimore to attend my wedding. The marked
+attentions paid to her by Caleb Cushing, then Attorney-General under
+President Pierce, were the source of much gossip, but she seemed
+entirely indifferent to his devotion. I once heard him express great
+annoyance after a trip to Baltimore because he failed to see her on
+account of a headache with which she was said to be suffering, and he
+inquired of me in a petulant manner whether headaches were an universal
+feminine malady. Like her mother, she lived to a very advanced age and
+when she departed this life the world lost one of its saintliest
+characters.
+
+One of the most attractive cottages in Newport at the time of my second
+visit was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Casimir de Rham of New York. It
+was densely shaded by a number of graceful silver-maple trees. Mr. de
+Rham was a prosperous merchant of Swiss extraction, whose wife was Miss
+Maria Theresa Moore, a member of one of New York's most prominent
+families and a niece of Bishop Benjamin Moore of New York.
+
+The social leaders of Newport at this period were Mr. and Mrs. Robert
+Morgan Gibbes, whose winter home was in New York. Mr. Gibbes, who, by
+the way, was a great-uncle of William Waldorf Astor, was a South
+Carolinian by birth and had married Miss Emily Oliver of Paterson, New
+Jersey. They lived in a handsome house, gave sumptuous entertainments,
+and had an interesting family of daughters, several of whom I knew quite
+well. One well-remembered evening I attended a party at their house
+which was regarded as the social affair of the season. It made a lasting
+impression upon my mind owing to a trivial circumstance which seems
+hardly worth relating. It was the first time I had ever seen mottoes
+used at entertainments, and at this party they were exceptionally
+handsome. The one which fell to my share, and which I treasured for some
+time, bore upon it a large bunch of red currants. These favors were
+always imported, and a few years later became so fashionable that no
+dinner or supper table was regarded as quite the proper thing without
+them. I take it for granted that this custom was the origin of the
+german favors which in the course of time came into such general use.
+
+In 1853 I made a third visit to Newport as the guest of Mrs. Winfield
+Scott. General Scott's headquarters were then in Washington, but, as his
+military views were widely divergent from those of Jefferson Davis,
+President Pierce's Secretary of War, he was urging the President to
+transfer him to New York. I have frequently heard the General jocosely
+remark that he longed for a Secretary of War who would not "make him
+cry." The Scotts at this period were spending their winters in
+Washington and their summers in Newport. Meanwhile his numerous
+admirers, in recognition of his distinguished services, presented him
+with a house on West Twelfth Street which was occupied by him and his
+family after his transfer to New York. The principal donor of this
+residence was the Hon. Hamilton Fish.
+
+After a charming sojourn of several weeks in Newport, I was about
+returning to my home when I casually invited General Scott's youngest
+daughter, Marcella ("Ella"), then only a schoolgirl, to accompany me to
+Miss Harper's cottage, as I wished to say good-bye. Upon entering the
+drawing-room a cousin and guest of Miss Harper's, Charles Carroll
+McTavish of Howard County, Maryland, appeared upon the threshold and was
+introduced to us. He was then approaching middle life and I learned
+later that he had served some years in the Russian Army. Marcella
+Scott's appearance apparently fascinated him from the moment they met,
+and from that day he began to be devotedly attentive to her. Mrs. Scott,
+however, entirely disapproved of Mr. McTavish's attentions to her
+daughter on account of her extreme youth. A few months later Marcella
+returned to Madame Chegaray's school, where she became a boarding pupil
+and was not allowed to see visitors. The following winter she was taken
+ill with typhoid fever, and, when convalescent enough to be moved, was
+brought to my home in Houston Street, New York, to recuperate, as the
+Scotts were still living in Washington and the journey was considered
+too long and arduous to be taken by an invalid. Meanwhile, Mr. McTavish
+renewed his attentions to Miss Scott and the impression made was more
+than a passing fancy for in the following June they were married in the
+Twelfth Street house of which I have already spoken, General Scott
+having in the interim succeeded in having his headquarters removed to
+New York.
+
+I had the pleasure of being present at this wedding, which, in spite of
+a warm day in June and the many absentees from the city, was one of
+exceptional brilliancy. The Army and Navy were well represented, the
+officers of both branches of the service appearing in full-dress
+uniform. The hour appointed for the ceremony was high noon, but an
+amusing _contretemps_ blocked the way. An incorrigible mantua-maker,
+faithless to all promises and regardless of every sense of propriety,
+failed to send home the bridal dress at the appointed time. This state
+of affairs proved decidedly embarrassing, but the guests were informed
+of the cause of the delay and patiently awaited developments. Behind the
+scenes, however, quite a different spectacle was presented, while amid
+much bustle and excitement a second wedding gown was being hurriedly
+prepared. After an hour's delay, however, the belated garment arrived,
+when the bride-elect was quickly dressed and walked into the large
+drawing-room in all of her bridal finery, leaning, as was then the
+custom, upon the arm of the groom. Archbishop Hughes conducted the
+wedding service, and seized upon the auspicious occasion to make an
+address of some length. Previous to the ceremony, my intimate friend,
+the young bride's older sister, Cornelia Scott, who a few years
+previous had become while in Rome a convert to Catholicism, asked me
+with much earnestness of manner to do my best to entertain the
+Archbishop, as she thought, in her kind way, that he might be somewhat
+out of his element when surrounded by such a large and fashionable
+assemblage. This was, indeed, a pleasing task, as it enabled me to renew
+my earlier acquaintance with this gifted prelate. The only member of the
+groom's family present at this ceremony was his handsome brother,
+Alexander S. McTavish, who came from Baltimore for the occasion. Strange
+to say, in view of the many presents usually displayed upon such
+occasions nowadays, I do not remember, although I was a family guest,
+seeing or hearing of a single bridal gift, but some of the wedding
+guests I recall very distinctly. Among them were Mr. and Mrs. Charles
+King, the former of whom was President of Columbia College and an
+intimate friend of General Scott's; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ray, whose
+daughter Cornelia married Major Schuyler Hamilton, aide-de-camp to
+General Scott during the Mexican war; Prof. Clement C. Moore and his
+daughter Theresa; Mr. and Mrs. Edward Mayo of Elizabeth, N.J., the
+former of whom was Mrs. Scott's brother; Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell, a
+sister of Mrs. Scott's from Richmond; Major Thomas Williams, an aide to
+General Scott, who was killed during the Civil War; and Major Henry L.
+Scott, aide and son-in-law of General Scott.
+
+The same evening, after the wedding guests had departed and quiet again
+reigned supreme in the household, I went to Mrs. Scott's room to sit
+with her, as she seemed sad and lonely, and at the same time to talk
+over with her, womanlike, the events of the day. In our quiet
+conversation I remember referring to Archbishop Hughes's address to the
+groom, and asked her if she had observed that he had dwelt upon the
+bride "being taken from an affectionate father," while the remaining
+members of the family were entirely ignored. Mrs. Scott immediately
+bristled up and with much warmth of feeling said that she had noticed
+the omission and believed that the action of the Archbishop was
+premeditated. Just here was an undercurrent which as an intimate friend
+of the family I fully understood. After Virginia Scott's death at the
+Georgetown Convent Mrs. Scott was most outspoken in her denunciation of
+the Roman Catholic Church, which she felt had robbed her of her
+daughter.
+
+Some years after his marriage Charles Carroll McTavish applied to the
+Legislature of Maryland for permission to drop his surname and to assume
+that of his great-grandfather, Charles Carroll. As this request was
+strenuously opposed by other descendants of the Signer, who regarded it
+as inexpedient to increase the number of Charles Carrolls, the petition
+of Mr. McTavish was not granted. Mary Wellesley McTavish, his sister, I
+remember as a sprightly young woman of fine appearance. She made her
+_debut_ in London society as the guest of her aunt, Mary McTavish, wife
+of the Marquis of Wellesley. After a brief courtship she married Henry
+George Howard, a son of the Earl of Carlisle, and accompanied him to the
+Netherlands, where he was the accredited British Minister. Mrs. George
+Bancroft, wife of the historian, who accompanied her husband when he was
+our Minister to England, gave me an interesting sketch of Mrs. Howard's
+varied life. Death finally claimed her in Paris and her body was brought
+back to this country and buried in Maryland, the home of her youth. Her
+mother, who brought the remains across the ocean, soon after her
+bereavement, established "The House of the Good Shepherd" in Baltimore.
+
+Three daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish grew into
+womanhood. The elder sisters, Mary and Emily, both of whom were well
+known for their beauty and vivacity, entered upon cloistered lives. Just
+as the two sisters were about taking this step, they made a request,
+which caused much comment, to the effect that they should be assigned to
+different convents. I understand that Mrs. McTavish, their mother, is
+still living in Rome with the unmarried daughter. During Mrs. Scott's
+residence in Paris she was invited to witness the ceremony of "taking
+the veil" at a prominent convent, and writing to her family at home she
+remarked: "How strange that human beings, knowing the fickleness of
+their natures, should bind themselves for life to one limited space and
+unvarying mode of existence."
+
+Hoboken, or, as it was sometimes called, Paulus Hook, was a great resort
+in my earlier life for residents of the great metropolis. We children,
+accompanied by my father or some other grown person, delighted to roam
+in that locality over what was most appropriately termed the "Elysian
+Fields." Professional landscape-gardening had not then been thought of,
+but nature's achievements often surpass the embellishments of man. Our
+cup of happiness was full to the brim when we were taken to this
+entrancing spot overlooking the Hudson River, with its innumerable
+sloops, steamboats and tugs adding so much to the picturesqueness of the
+scene. As we strolled along, we regaled ourselves every now and then
+with a refreshing glass of mead, a concoction of honey and cold water,
+purchased from a passing vender; and when cakes or candy were added to
+the refreshing drink life seemed very _couleur de rose_ to our childish
+dreams. Then again we made occasional trips up the river, but the
+steamboats and other excursion craft of that day were of course mere
+pigmies compared with those of the present time. The cabin always had a
+large dining table, on either side of which was a line of berths. Guests
+were called to dinner at one o'clock by the vigorous ringing of a large
+bell in the hands of a colored waiter dressed in a white apron and
+jacket. I have often thought how surprised and pleased this old-time
+servant, universally seen in every well-to-do household in those days,
+would be if he could return to earth and hear himself addressed as
+"butler."
+
+It was upon one of these trips up the Hudson that the widow of General
+Alexander Hamilton and her daughter, Mrs. Hamilton Holly, were taking
+their mid-day repast, at one end of the long table, when they were
+informed that Aaron Burr was partaking of the same meal not far from
+them. Their indignation was boundless, and immediately there were two
+vacant chairs. Mrs. Holly was a woman of strong intellect, and a
+friendship which I formed with her is one of the most cherished memories
+of my life. She devoted her widowhood to the care of her aged mother. We
+often engaged in confidential conversations, when she would discuss the
+tragedies which so clouded her life. I especially remember her dwelling
+upon the sad history of her sister, Angelica Hamilton, who, she told me,
+was in the bloom of health and surrounded by everything that goes
+towards making life happy when her eldest brother, Philip Hamilton, was
+killed in a duel. He had but recently been graduated from Columbia
+College and lost his life in 1801 on the same spot where, about three
+years later, his father was killed by Aaron Burr. This dreadful event
+affected her so deeply that her mind became unbalanced, and she was
+finally placed in an asylum, where she died at a very advanced age. Mrs.
+Hamilton lived in Washington, D.C., in one of the De Menou buildings on
+H Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, and Mrs. Holly
+resided in the same city until her death.
+
+Tragedy seemed to pursue the Hamilton family with unrelenting
+perseverance until the third generation. In 1858 the legislature of
+Virginia, desiring that every native President should repose upon
+Virginia soil, made an appropriation for removing the remains of James
+Monroe from New York to Richmond. He died on the 4th of July, 1831,
+while temporarily residing in New York with his daughter, Mrs. Samuel L.
+Gouverneur, and his body was placed in the Gouverneur vault in the
+Marble Cemetery on Second Street, east of Second Avenue, where it
+remained for nearly thirty years. The disinterment of the remains of
+this distinguished statesman was conducted with much pomp and ceremony
+and the body placed on board of the steamer _Jamestown_ and conveyed to
+Richmond, accompanied all the way by the 7th Regiment of New York which
+acted as a guard of honor. The orator of the occasion was John Cochrane,
+a distinguished member of the New York bar; while Henry A. Wise, then
+Governor of Virginia, delivered an appropriate address at the grave in
+Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. My husband, Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+junior, Monroe's grandson, accompanied the remains as the representative
+of the family. After the ceremonies in Richmond were completed, but
+before the 7th Regiment had embarked upon its homeward voyage, one of
+its members, Laurens Hamilton, a grandson of Alexander Hamilton and a
+son of John C. Hamilton, was drowned near Richmond. All the proceedings
+connected with the removal of Mr. Monroe's remains, both in New York and
+in Richmond, were published some years later by Udolpho Wolfe, a
+neighbor and admirer of the late President. A copy of the book was
+presented to each member of the 7th Regiment and one of them was also
+given by the compiler to my husband. A few years later this same New
+York regiment invaded Virginia, but under greatly different
+circumstances. A terrible civil war was raging, and the Old Dominion for
+a time was its principal battle ground.
+
+I recall an amusing anecdote which Mr. Gouverneur told me upon his
+return from this visit to Richmond. While the great concourse of people
+was still assembled at Monroe's grave in Hollywood Cemetery, Governor
+Henry A. Wise, always proud of his State, remarked: "Now we must have
+all the native Presidents of Virginia buried within this inclosure."
+Immediately a vigorous hand was placed on his shoulder by a New York
+alderman who had accompanied the funeral _cortege_, who exclaimed in
+characteristic Bowery vernacular: "Go ahead, Governor, you'll fotch
+'em."
+
+The only mode of travel on the Hudson River in my early days was by
+boat. One of my recollections is seeing Captain Vanderbilt in command of
+a steamboat. I have heard older members of my family say that he
+designated himself "Captain Wanderbilt," and that his faithful wife's
+endearing mode of accosting him was "Corneil." At any rate, it is
+well-known that he began life by operating a rowboat ferry between
+Staten Island and New York. In later years a sailboat was substituted
+over this same route. The Hudson River Railroad was originally built
+under the direction of a number of prominent men in the State who were
+anything but skilled in such enterprises. In the beginning of its
+career, while high officials bestowed fat offices upon friends and
+relatives, its finances were in a chaotic condition. It was during this
+state of affairs that Commodore Vanderbilt, with a master mind, grasped
+the situation and reorganized the whole system, thereby greatly
+increasing his own fortune, and placing the railroad upon a sound
+financial basis. After such a remarkable career "blindness to the
+future" seems unkindly given, as doubtless it would have been a source
+of great satisfaction to this Vanderbilt progenitor could he have known
+before passing onward that his hard-earned wealth would eventually
+enrich his descendants, even the representatives of nobility.
+
+I have before me an invitation to a New York Assembly, dated the 29th of
+January, 1841, addressed to my father and mother, which has followed my
+wanderings through seventy years. All of the managers, a list of whom I
+give, were representative citizens as well as prominent society men of
+the day:
+
+     Abm. Schermerhorn,      J. Swift Livingston,
+     Edmd. Pendleton,        Jacob R. LeRoy,
+     James W. Otis,          Thos. W. Ludlow,
+     Wm. Douglas,            Chas. McEvers, Jr.,
+     Henry Delafield,        William S. Miller,
+     Henry W. Hicks,         Charles C. King.
+
+Abraham Schermerhorn belonged to a wealthy New York family, and Edmund
+Pendleton was a Virginian by birth who resided in New York where he
+became socially prominent. James W. Otis was of the Harrison Gray Otis
+family of Boston and, as I have already stated, I was at school with his
+daughter, Sally. William Douglas was a bachelor living in an attractive
+residence on Park Place, where he occasionally entertained his friends.
+He belonged to a thrifty family of Scotch descent and had two sisters,
+Mrs. Douglas Cruger and Mrs. James Monroe, whose husband was a namesake
+and nephew of the ex-President. Early in the last century their mother,
+Mrs. George Douglas, gave a ball, and I insert some doggerel with
+reference to it written by Miss Anne Macmaster, who later became Mrs.
+Charles Russell Codman of Boston. These verses are interesting from the
+fact that they give the names of many of the _belles_ and _beaux_ of
+that time:
+
+    I meant, my dear Fanny, to give you a call
+    And tell you the news of the Douglases ball;
+    But the weather's so bad,--I've a cold in my head,--
+    And I daren't venture out; so I send you instead
+    A poetic epistle--for plain humble prose
+    Is not worthy the joys of this ball to disclose.
+    To begin with our entrance, we came in at nine,
+    The two rooms below were prodigiously fine,
+    And the _coup d'oeil_ was shewy and brilliant 'tis true,
+    Pretty faces not wanting, some old and some new.
+    But, oh! my dear cousin, no words can describe
+    The excess of the crowd--like two swarms in one hive.
+    The squeezing and panting, the blowing and puffing,
+    The smashing, the crushing, the snatching, the stuffing,
+    I'd have given my new dress, at one time, I declare,
+    (The white satin and roses), for one breath of air!
+    But oh! how full often I inwardly sighed
+    O'er the wreck of those roses, so lately my pride;
+    Those roses, my own bands so carefully placed,
+    As I fondly believed, with such exquisite taste.
+    Then to see them so cruelly torn and destroyed
+    I assure you, my dear, I was vastly annoyed.
+    The ballroom with garlands was prettily drest,
+    But a small room for dancing it must be confess'd,
+    If you chanc'd to get in you were lucky no doubt,
+    But oh! luckier far, if you chanced to get out!
+    And pray who were there? Is the question you'll ask.
+    To name the one half would be no easy task--
+    There were Bayards and Clarksons, Van Hornes and LeRoys,
+    All famous, you well know, for making a noise.
+    There were Livingstons, Lenoxes, Henrys and Hoffmans,
+    And Crugers and Carys, Barnewalls and Bronsons,
+    Delanceys and Dyckmans and little De Veaux,
+    Gouverneurs and Goelets and Mr. Picot,
+    And multitudes more that would tire me to reckon,
+    But I must not forget the pretty Miss Whitten.
+    No particular belle claimed the general attention,
+    There were many, however, most worthy of mention.
+    The lily of Leonards' might hold the first place
+    For sweetness of manner, and beauty and grace.
+    Her cousin Eliza and little Miss Gitty
+    Both danc'd very lightly, and looked very pretty.
+    The youngest Miss Mason attracted much notice,
+    So did Susan Le Roy and the English Miss Otis;
+    Of _Beaux_ there were plenty, some new ones 'tis true,
+    But I won't mention names, no, not even to you.
+    I was lucky in getting good partners, however,
+    Above all, the two Emmetts, so lively and clever.
+    With Morris and Maitland I danc'd; and with Sedgwick,
+    Martin Wilkins, young Armstrong and droll William Renwick.
+    The old lady was mightily deck'd for the Ball
+    With Harriet's pearls--and the little one's shawl;
+    But to give her her due she was civil enough,
+    Only tiresome in asking the people to stuff.
+    There was supper at twelve for those who could get it,
+    I came in too late, but I did not regret it,
+    For eating at parties was never my passion,
+    And I'm sorry to see that it's so much the fashion.
+    After supper, for dancing we'd plenty of room,
+    And so pleasant it was, that I did not get home
+    Until three--when the ladies began to look drowsy,
+    The lamps to burn dim, and the Laird to grow boosy.
+    The ball being ended, I've no more to tell--
+    And so, my dear Fanny, I bid you farewell.
+
+In the old pamphlet from which I have already quoted, edited in 1845 by
+Moses Y. Beach and compiled for the purpose of furnishing information
+concerning the status of New York citizens to banks, merchants and
+others, I find the following amusing description of George Douglas:
+"George Douglas was a Scotch merchant who hoarded closely. His wine
+cellar was more extensive than his library. When George used to see
+people speculating and idle it distressed him. He would say: 'People get
+too many _idees_ in their head. Why don't they work?' What a blessing he
+is not alive in this moonshine age of dreamy schemings." Mr. Beach
+apparently was not capable of appreciating a thrifty Scotchman.
+
+This same pamphlet gives an account of a picturesque character whom I
+distinctly remember as a highly prominent citizen of New York. His
+parentage was involved in mystery, and has remained so until this day. I
+refer to Mr. Preserved Fish, the senior member of the firm of Fish,
+Grinnell & Co., which subsequently became the prominent business house
+of Grinnell, Minturn & Co. Sustained by the apparel peculiar to infants,
+he was found floating in the water by some New Bedford fishermen who,
+unable to discover his identity, bestowed upon him the uncouth name
+which, willingly or unwillingly, he bore until the day of his death. He
+and the other members of his firm were originally from New Bedford, one
+of the chief centers of the whale fisheries of New England, and came to
+New York to attend to the oil and candle industries of certain merchants
+of the former city. Few business men in New York in my day were more
+highly respected for indomitable energy and personal integrity than Mr.
+Fish. He became President of the Tradesmen's Bank, and held other
+positions of responsibility and trust. He represented an ideal type of
+the self-made man, and in spite of an unknown origin and a ridiculous
+name battled successfully with life without a helping hand.
+
+In connection with the Douglas family, I recall a beautiful wedding
+reception which, as well as I can remember, took place in the autumn of
+1850, at Fanwood, Fort Washington, then a suburb of New York. The bride
+was Fanny Monroe, a daughter of Colonel James Monroe, U.S.A., and
+granddaughter of Mrs. Douglas of whose ball I have just spoken. The
+groom was Douglas Robinson, a native of Scotland. It was a gorgeous
+autumn day when the votaries of pleasure and fashion in New York drove
+out to Fanwood, where groomsmen of social prominence stood upon the wide
+portico to greet the guests and conduct them to the side of the newly
+married pair. Mrs. Winfield Scott was our guest in Houston Street at the
+time, but did not accompany us to the wedding as no invitation had
+reached her. My presence reminded Mrs. Monroe that Mrs. Scott was in New
+York, and she immediately inquired why I had not brought her with me. As
+I gave the reason both Colonel and Mrs. Monroe seemed exceedingly
+annoyed. It seems that her invitation had been sent to Washington but
+had not been forwarded to her in New York. In those days Mrs. Scott's
+distinguished presence and sparkling repartee, together with the fact
+that her husband was Commander-in-Chief of the Army, added luster to
+every assemblage. The Army was well represented at this reception and it
+was truly "the feast of reason and the flow of soul." Colonel "Jimmy"
+Monroe was a great favorite with his former brother-in-arms as he was a
+genial, whole-souled and hospitable gentleman. My sister Margaret and I
+were accompanied to Fanwood by an army officer, Colonel Donald Fraser, a
+bachelor whom I had met some years before at West Point. The paths of
+the bride and myself diverged, and it was a very long time before we met
+again. It was only a few years ago, while she was residing temporarily
+in Washington. She was then, however, a widow and was living in great
+retirement. She is now deceased.
+
+When we alighted from our carriage the day of the Monroe-Robinson
+wedding at Fanwood a young man whom I subsequently learned was Mr.
+Samuel L. Gouverneur, junior, a cousin of the bride, walked over to me,
+asked my name and in his capacity of groomsman inquired whether I would
+allow him to present me to the bride. I was particularly impressed by
+his appearance, as it was unusually attractive. He had raven-black hair,
+large bluish-gray eyes and regular features; but what added to his charm
+in my youthful fancy was the fact that he had only recently returned
+from the Mexican War, in which, as I learned later, he had served with
+great gallantry in the 4th Artillery. I had never seen him before,
+although in thinking the matter over a few days later I remembered that
+I had met his mother and sister in society in New York. I did not see
+him again until five years later, when our paths crossed in Washington,
+and in due time I became his bride.
+
+To return to the New York Assembly in 1841. Henry Delafield, whose name
+appears on the card of invitation, belonged to a well-known family. His
+father, an Englishman by birth, settled in New York in 1783 and is
+described in an early city directory as "John Delafield, Insurance
+Broker, 29 Water Street." The Delafields were a large family of brothers
+and were highly prosperous. I remember once hearing Dr. John W. Francis
+say: "Put a Delafield on a desert island in the middle of the ocean,
+and he will thrive and prosper." Henry Delafield and his brother William
+were almost inseparable. They were twins and strikingly alike in
+appearance. General Richard Delafield, U.S.A., for many years
+Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point, was another
+brother, as was also Dr. Edward Delafield, a physician of note, who
+lived in Bleecker Street and in 1839 married Miss Julia Floyd of Long
+Island, a granddaughter of William Floyd, one of the New York Signers.
+About thirty-five years ago three of the Delafield brothers, Joseph,
+Henry and Edward, all advanced in life, died within a few days of each
+other and were buried in Greenwood Cemetery at the same time, the
+funeral taking place from old Trinity Church. On this occasion all the
+old customs were observed, and the coffins were made of solid mahogany.
+
+[Illustration: SAMUEL L. GOUVERNEUR, JUNIOR.]
+
+John Swift Livingston lived in Leonard Street, and I recall very
+pleasantly a party which I attended at his house before the marriage of
+his daughter Estelle to General John Watts de Peyster. The latter,
+together with his first cousins, General "Phil" Kearny and Mrs.
+Alexander Macomb, inherited an enormous fortune from his grandfather
+John Watts, who was one of the most prominent men of his day and the
+founder of the Leake and Watts Orphan House, which is still in
+existence. John G. Leake was an Englishman who came to New York to live
+and, dying without heirs, left his fortune to Robert Watts, a minor son
+of John Watts. Robert Watts, however, did not long survive his
+benefactor. Upon his death the Leake will was contested by his
+relatives, but a decision was rendered in favor of the nearest kin of
+the boy, who was his father. After gaining his victory John Watts
+established this Orphan House and with true magnanimity placed Leake's
+name before his own. Jacob R. LeRoy lived in Greenwich Street near the
+Battery, which at this time was a fashionable section of the city.
+His sister Caroline, whom I knew, became the second wife of Daniel
+Webster. Mr. LeRoy's daughter Charlotte married Rev. Henry de Koven,
+whose son is the musical genius, Reginald de Koven. Henry W. Hicks was
+the son of a prominent Quaker merchant and a member of the firm of Hicks
+& Co., which did an enormous shipping business until its suspension,
+about 1847, owing to foreign business embarrassments. Thomas W. Ludlow
+was a wealthy citizen, genial and most hospitably inclined. He owned a
+handsome country-seat near Tarrytown, and every now and then it was his
+pleasure to charter a steamboat to convey his guests thither; and I
+recall several pleasant days I spent in this manner. When we reached the
+Tarrytown home a fine collation always awaited us and in its wake came
+music and dancing. Charles McEvers, junior, belonged to an old New York
+family and was one of the executors of the Vanden Heuvel estate. His
+niece, Mary McEvers, married Sir Edward Cunard, who was knighted by
+Queen Victoria. William Starr Miller married a niece of Philip Schuyler,
+who was a woman possessing many excellent traits of character. As far as
+I can remember, she was the only divorced person of those days who was
+well received in society, for people with "past histories" were then
+regarded with marked disfavor.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+SOME DISTINGUISHED ACQUAINTANCES
+
+
+In close proximity to St. John's Park, during my early life on Hubert
+Street, there resided a Frenchman named Laurent Salles, and I have a
+vivid recollection of a notable marriage which was solemnized in his
+mansion. The groom, Lispenard Stewart, married his daughter, Miss Louise
+Stephanie Salles, but the young and pretty bride survived her marriage
+for only a few years. She left two children, one of whom is Mrs.
+Frederick Graham Lee, whom I occasionally see in Washington, where with
+her husband she spends her winters.
+
+When playing in St. John's Park in this same neighborhood, I made the
+acquaintance of Margaret Tillotson Kemble, one of the young daughters of
+William Kemble already mentioned as living on Beach Street, opposite
+that Park. Mr. Kemble was the son of Peter Kemble, member of the
+prominent firm of "Gouverneur and Kemble," shipping merchants of New
+York, which traded with China and other foreign countries. This firm,
+the senior members of which were the brothers Nicholas and Isaac
+Gouverneur, was bound together by a close family tie, as Mrs. Peter
+Kemble was Gertrude Gouverneur, a sister of the two Gouverneur brothers.
+My intimacy with Margaret Tillotson Kemble, formed almost from the
+cradle, lasted without a break throughout life. She was a second cousin
+of my husband and married Charles J. Nourse, a member of the old
+Georgetown, D.C., family. The last years of her life were entirely
+devoted to good works. Her sister, Mary, married Dr. Frederick D. Lente,
+at one time physician to the West Point foundry, at Cold Spring, N.Y.,
+and subsequently a distinguished general practitioner in New York and
+Saratoga Springs. Ellen Kemble, the other sister, of whom I have already
+spoken, never married. She was eminent for her piety, and her whole life
+was largely devoted to works of charity.
+
+The Kemble house on Beach Street was always a social center and I think
+I can truthfully say it was more than a second home to me. Mrs. William
+Kemble, who was Miss Margaret Chatham Seth of Maryland, was a woman of
+decided social tastes and a most efficient assistant to her husband in
+dispensing hospitality. Gathered around her hearthstone was a large
+family of girls and boys who naturally added much brightness to the
+household. Mr. Kemble was a well-known patron of art and his house
+became the rendezvous for persons of artistic tastes. It was in his
+drawing-room that I met William Cullen Bryant; Charles B. King of
+Washington, whose portraits are so well known; John Gadsby Chapman, who
+painted the "Baptism of Pocahontas," now in the rotunda of the Capitol
+at Washington; Asher B. Durand, the celebrated artist; and Mr. Kemble's
+brother-in-law, James K. Paulding, who at the time was Secretary of the
+Navy under President Martin Van Buren. Mr. Kemble was one of the
+founders of the Century Club of New York, a life member of the Academy
+of Design, and in 1817, at the age of twenty-one, in conjunction with
+his older brother, Gouverneur Kemble, established the West Point
+foundry, which for a long period received heavy ordnance contracts from
+the United States government. The famous Parrott guns were manufactured
+there. Captain Robert P. Parrott, their inventor and an army officer,
+married Mary Kemble, a sister of Gouverneur and William Kemble, who in
+early life was regarded as a beauty. Mr. William Kemble, apart from his
+artistic tastes, owned a number of fine pictures, among which was a
+Sappho by a Spanish master. It was given to Mrs. Kemble by the
+grandfather of the late Rear Admiral Richard W. Meade, U.S.N. When the
+Kemble family left Beach Street and moved to West Twenty-fifth Street
+this picture was sold to Gouverneur Kemble for $5,000, and placed in his
+extensive picture gallery at Cold Spring.
+
+Mrs. William Kemble was a woman of marked ability and an able
+_raconteurse_. Early in life she had been left an orphan and was brought
+up by her maternal uncle, Dr. Thomas Tillotson of the Eastern shore of
+Maryland, whose wife was Margaret Livingston, a daughter of Judge Robert
+R. Livingston and a sister of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston. Another
+sister of Mrs. Tillotson was the widow of General Richard Montgomery, of
+the Revolutionary War, who fell at the battle of Quebec. The Tillotsons,
+Livingstons and Montgomerys all owned fine residences near Hyde Park on
+the Hudson; and a close intimacy existed between the Tillotsons and the
+Kembles owing to the fact that Mr. Kemble's first cousin, Emily
+Gouverneur, married Mrs. Kemble's first cousin, Robert Livingston
+Tillotson. William Kemble's younger brother, Richard Frederick, married
+Miss Charlotte Morris, daughter of James Morris of Morrisania, N.Y.
+
+The summer home of William Kemble was in a large grove of trees at Cold
+Spring and life under its roof was indeed an ideal existence. I was
+their constant guest and although it was a simple life it teemed with
+beauty and interest. Our days were spent principally out of doors and
+the sources of amusement were always near at hand. As all of the Kembles
+were experts with the oar, we frequently spent many hours on the Hudson.
+Another unfailing source of pleasure was a frequent visit to West Point
+to witness the evening parade. As we knew many of the cadets they
+frequently crossed the river to take an informal meal or enjoy an hour's
+talk on the attractive lawn. Lieutenant Colonel (subsequently General)
+William J. Hardee, who for a long time was Commandant of Cadets at West
+Point, I knew quite well. Later in his career he was ordered to
+Washington, where as a widower he became a social lion, devoting himself
+chiefly to Isabella Cass, a daughter of General Lewis Cass. His career
+in the Confederate Army is too well known for me to relate. After the
+Civil War I never saw him again, as he lived in the South. During one of
+my visits at the Kembles General Robert E. Lee was the Superintendent of
+the West Point Military Academy, but of him I shall speak hereafter.
+
+Among the cadets whom I recall are Henry Heth of Virginia, an officer
+who was subsequently highly esteemed in the Army, and who, at the
+breaking out of the Civil War, followed the fortunes of his native state
+and became a Major General in the Confederate Army; Innis N. Palmer,
+whom I met many years later in Washington when he had attained the rank
+of General; and Cadet Daniel M. Beltzhoover of Pennsylvania, a musical
+genius, who was a source of great pleasure to us but whose career I have
+not followed.
+
+At this period in the history of West Point Cozzen's Hotel was the only
+hostelry within the military enclosure. A man named Benny Havens kept a
+store in close proximity to the Military Academy, but as it was not upon
+government territory no cadet was allowed to enter the premises.
+Although liquor was his principal stock in trade he kept other articles
+of merchandise, but only as a cover for his unlawful traffic. The cadets
+had their weaknesses then as now, and as this shop was "forbidden fruit"
+many of them visited his resort under the cover of darkness. If caught
+there "after taps," the punishment was dismissal. The following
+selections from a dozen verses written by Lieutenant Lucius O'Brien,
+U.S.A., and others, which I remember hearing the cadets frequently sing,
+were set to the tune of "Wearing of the Green":
+
+    Come, fill your glasses, fellows, and stand up in a row,
+    To singing sentimentally, we're going for to go;
+    In the army there's sobriety, promotion's very slow,
+    So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!
+
+      Oh, Benny Havens, oh!--oh! Benny Havens oh!
+      So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Come, fill up to our Generals, God bless the brave heroes,
+    They're an honor to their country and a terror to her foes;
+    May they long rest on their laurels and trouble never know,
+    But live to see a thousand years at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+    Here's a health to General Taylor, whose "rough and ready" blow
+    Struck terror to the _rancheros_ of braggart Mexico;
+    May his country ne'er forget his deeds, and ne'er forget to show
+    She holds him worthy of a place at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+    To the "veni vidi vici" man, to Scott, the great hero,
+    Fill up the goblet to the brim, let no one shrinking go;
+    May life's cares on his honored head fall light as flakes of snow,
+    And his fair fame be ever great at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+Lieutenant O'Brien died in the winter of 1841 and the following verse to
+his memory was fittingly added to his song:
+
+    From the courts of death and danger from Tampa's deadly shore,
+    There comes a wail of manly grief, "O'Brien is no more,"
+    In the land of sun and flowers his head lies pillowed low,
+    No more he'll sing "Petite Coquette" or Benny Havens, oh!
+
+Since then numerous other verses have been added, from time to time,
+and, for aught I know to the contrary, the composition is still growing.
+After the death of General Scott in 1866 the following verse was added:
+
+    Another star has faded, we miss its brilliant glow,
+    For the veteran Scott has ceased to be a soldier here below;
+    And the country which he honored now feels a heart-felt woe,
+    As we toast his name in reverence at Benny Havens, oh!
+
+I wish that I could recall more of these lines as some of the prominent
+men of the Army were introduced in the most suggestive fashion. Benny
+Havens doubtless has been sleeping his last sleep for these many years,
+but I am sure that some of these verses are still remembered by many of
+the surviving graduates of West Point.
+
+In the vicinity of William Kemble's cottage at Cold Spring was the
+permanent home of his older brother, Gouverneur Kemble. For a few years
+during his earlier life he served as U.S. Consul at Cadiz, under the
+administration of President Monroe. His Cold Spring home was of historic
+interest and for many years was the scene of lavish hospitality. General
+Scott once remarked that he was "the most perfect gentleman in the
+United States." The most distinguished men of the day gathered around
+his table, and every Saturday night through the entire year a special
+dinner was served at five o'clock--Mr. Kemble despised the habitual
+three o'clock dinners of his neighbors--which in time became historic
+entertainments. This meal was always served in the picture gallery, an
+octagonal room filled with valuable paintings, while breakfast and
+luncheon were served in an adjoining room. All of the professors and
+many of the officers at West Point, whom Mr. Kemble facetiously termed
+"the boys," had a standing invitation to these Saturday evening dinners.
+There was an agreement, however, among the younger officers that too
+many of them should not partake of his hospitality at the same time, as
+his dining table would not accommodate more than thirty guests. How well
+I remember these older men, all of whom were officers in the Regular
+Army: Professors William H. C. Bartlett, Dennis H. Mahan, the father of
+Captain Alfred T. Mahan, U.S.N., Albert E. Church, and Robert W. Weir.
+If by any chance Mr. Kemble, or "Uncle Gouv," as he was generally known
+to the family connection, was obliged to be absent from home, these
+entertainments took place just the same, presided over by his sister,
+Mrs. Robert P. Parrott. Indeed, I recall that during a tour of Europe
+Mr. Kemble made with ex-President Van Buren these Saturday dinner
+parties were continued for at least a year.
+
+Carving was considered a fine art in those days, an accomplishment which
+has largely gone out of style since the introduction of dinner _a la
+Russe_. A law existed in Putnam County, in which Cold Spring is
+situated, which forbade the killing of game during certain months in the
+year. When a transgressor of this law succeeded in "laying low" a pair
+of pheasants, they were nicknamed "owls"; and I have seen two "owls"
+which, under these circumstances, were almost unobtainable, carved in
+such a proficient manner by "Uncle Gouv" that, although we numbered over
+a score, each person received a "satisfying" piece. His guests were most
+appreciative of his hospitality, and I once heard General Scott say that
+he would be willing to walk at least ten miles to be present at a dinner
+at Gouverneur Kemble's. His wines were always well selected as well as
+abundant. I have often known him to have a house party of many guests
+who had the privilege of remaining indefinitely if they so desired. The
+actress Fanny Kemble and her father, though not related to the New York
+family, were guests in his home during one of their visits to America.
+She was a great pedestrian, and I recall having a small stream of water
+in the vicinity of Cold Spring called to my notice where, during her
+rambles, she was known to stop and bathe her feet.
+
+Long before the War of the Revolution, Mr. Kemble's aunt, Margaret
+Kemble, married General Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief of the British
+forces in that conflict, and resided with him in England. While I was
+living in Frederick, Maryland, I sent "Uncle Gouv"--he was then an old
+man and very appreciative of any attention--a photograph of Whittier's
+heroine, Barbara Frietchie. He in turn sent it to Viscount Henry Gage, a
+relative of the British General. The English nobleman who was familiar
+with the Quaker poet seemed highly pleased to own the picture and
+commented favorably upon the firm expression of the mouth and chin of
+this celebrated woman.
+
+Army officers were frequently stationed at Cold Spring to inspect the
+guns cast at the Kemble foundry. Among these I recall with much pleasure
+Major Alfred Mordecai of the Ordnance Corps. He was a highly efficient
+officer and previous to the Civil War rendered conspicuous service to
+his country. He was a Southerner and at the beginning of the war is said
+to have requested the War Department to order him to some duty which did
+not involve the killing of his kinsmen. His request was denied and his
+resignation followed.
+
+In the midst of the Civil War, after a protracted absence from the
+country in China, I arrived in New York, and one of the first items of
+news that was told me was that the West Point foundry was casting guns
+for the Confederacy. I speedily learned that this rumor was altogether
+unfounded. It seems that some time before the beginning of hostilities
+the State of Georgia ordered some small rifled cannon from the West
+Point foundry with the knowledge and consent of the Chief of the
+Ordnance Department, General Alexander B. Dyer. Colonel William J.
+Hardee, then Commandant-of-Cadets, was selected to inspect these guns
+before delivery; but when they were finished the war-cloud had grown to
+such proportions that Robert P. Parrott, the head of the foundry at the
+time, Gouverneur Kemble having retired from active business eight or ten
+years previously, refused to forward them. They lay at the foundry for
+some time, and were afterwards bought by private parties from New York
+City and presented to the government, thereby doing active service
+against the Confederacy. In his interesting book recently published
+entitled "Retrospections of an Active Life," Mr. John Bigelow refers to
+this unfortunate rumor. He says: "On the 21st of January, 1861, I met
+the venerable Professor Weir, of the West Point Military Academy, in the
+cars on our way to New York, when he told me that Colonel Hardee, then
+the Commandant-of-Cadets at the Academy, was buying arms for his native
+state of Georgia, and that the Kembles, whose iron works were across the
+river from West Point at Cold Spring, were filling a large order for
+him." I knew Professor Weir very well, and Mr. Bigelow's statement, I
+think, is a mistake, as all of the professors at West Point were too
+loyal to Mr. Gouverneur Kemble to allow wild rumors engendered by war to
+remain uncontradicted.
+
+This seems a fitting place to recall the pleasant friendship I made with
+General Robert E. Lee long before he became the Southern chieftain. I
+have already stated that when I visited Cold Spring in other days he was
+Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. He was a constant visitor
+at the Kembles, and his imposing presence and genial manner are so well
+known as to render a description of them altogether superfluous. Some
+years later when I was visiting at the home of General Winfield Scott in
+Washington I renewed my pleasing friendship with him. There existed
+between these two eminent soldiers a life-long attachment, and when the
+Civil War was raging it seemed almost impossible to realize that Scott
+and Lee represented opposite political views, as hitherto they had
+always seemed to be so completely in accord.
+
+The Cold Spring colony was decidedly sociable, and a dinner party at one
+of the many cottages was almost a daily occurrence. Captain and Mrs.
+Robert P. Parrott entertained most gracefully, and their residence was
+one of the show-places of that locality. I have heard Captain Parrott
+facetiously remark that he had "made a loud noise in the world" by the
+aid of his guns.
+
+The first time I ever saw Washington Irving, with whom I enjoyed an
+extended friendship, was when he was a guest of Gouverneur Kemble. The
+intimate social relations existing between these two friends began in
+early life, and lasted throughout their careers, having been fostered by
+a frequent interchange of visits. In his earlier life Mr. Kemble
+inherited from his relative, Nicholas Gouverneur, a fine old estate near
+Newark, New Jersey, which bore the name of "Mount Pleasant." Washington
+Irving, however, rechristened the place "Cockloft Hall," and in a vein
+of mirth dubbed the bachelor-proprietor "The Patroon." Irving described
+this retreat in his "Salmagundi," and the characters there depicted
+which have been thought by many to be fanciful creations were in reality
+Gouverneur Kemble and his many friends. His place was subsequently sold,
+but the intimacy between the two men continued, and it has always seemed
+to me that there was much pathos connected with their friendship. Both
+of them were bachelors and owned homes of more than passing historic
+interest on the Hudson. Irving called Kemble's residence at Cold Spring
+"Bachelor's Elysium," while to his own he applied the name of "Wolfert's
+Roost." In the spring of 1856 in writing to Kemble he said: "I am happy
+to learn that your lawn is green. I hope it will long continue so, and
+yourself likewise. I shall come up one of these days and have a roll on
+it with you"; and Kemble, upon another occasion, in urging Irving to
+visit him added as an inducement, "come and we will have a game of
+leap-frog." Referring to their last meeting Irving said of Kemble: "That
+is my friend of early life--always unchanged, always like a brother, one
+of the noblest beings that ever was created. His heart is pure gold."
+That was in the summer of 1859, and in the following November Irving
+died, at the ripe old age of seventy-six. Constant in life, let us hope
+that in death they are not separated, and that in the Silent Land
+
+    No morrow's mischief knocks them up.
+
+Let the cynic who spurns the consoling influences of friendship ponder
+upon the life-intimacy of these two old men who, throughout the cares
+and turmoils of a long and engrossing existence, illustrated so
+beautifully the charm of such a benign relationship.
+
+Irving impressed me as having a genial but at the same time a retiring
+nature. He was of about the average height and, although quite advanced
+in years when I knew him, his hair had not changed color. His manner was
+exceeding gentle and, strange to say, with such a remarkable vocabulary
+at his command, in society he was exceedingly quiet. In his early life
+Irving was engaged to be married to one of his own ethereal kind, but
+she passed onward, and among his friends the subject was never broached
+as it seemed too sacred to dwell upon. Her name was Matilda Hoffman and
+she was a daughter of the celebrated jurist of New York, Judge Josiah
+Ogden Hoffman. She died in 1809 in her eighteenth year.
+
+My last meeting with Irving is vividly impressed upon my memory as the
+occasion was quite memorable. I was passing the winter in Washington as
+the guest of my elder sister, Mrs. Eames, who a few years before had
+married Charles Eames, Esq., of the Washington Bar. Irving, who was then
+seventy-two years old, was making a brief visit to the Capital and
+called to see me. This was in 1855, when William M. Thackeray was on his
+second visit to this country and delivering his celebrated lectures upon
+"The Four Georges." I had scarcely welcomed Mr. Irving into my sister's
+drawing-room when Thackeray was announced, and I introduced the two
+famous but totally dissimilar men to each other. Thackeray was a man of
+powerful build and a very direct manner, but to my mind was not an
+individual to be overpowered by sentiment. I can not remember after the
+flight of so many years the nature of the conversation between Irving
+and Thackeray apart from the mutual interchange that ordinarily passes
+between strangers when casually presented.
+
+Later I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Thackeray quite a number of
+times during his sojourn in Washington where he was much lionized in
+society. One evening we were all gathered around the family tea table
+when he chanced to call and join us in that cup which is said to cheer.
+He entered into conversation with much enthusiasm, especially when he
+referred to his children. He seemed to have a special admiration for a
+young daughter of his, and related many pleasing anecdotes of her
+juvenile aptitude. I think he referred to Anne Isabella Thackeray (Lady
+Richie), who gave to the public a biographical edition of her father's
+famous works. I remember we drifted into a conversation upon a recently
+published novel, but the title of the book and its author I do not
+recall. At any rate, he was discussing its heroine, who, under some
+extraordinary stress of circumstances, was forced to walk many miles in
+her stocking-feet to obtain succor, and the whole story was thrilling in
+the extreme; whereupon the author of "Vanity Fair" exclaimed, "She was
+shoeicidal." Although he was an Englishman, he was not averse to a
+pun--even a poor one! I remember asking Mr. Thackeray whether during his
+visit to New York he had met Mrs. De Witt Clinton. His response was
+characteristic: "Yes, and she is a gay old girl!"
+
+James K. Paulding, the distinguished author who married the sister of
+Gouverneur and William Kemble and lived at Hyde Park, farther up the
+Hudson, frequently formed one of the pleasant coterie that gathered
+around "Uncle Gouv's" board. "The Sage of Lindenwald," as ex-President
+Martin Van Buren was frequently called by both friend and foe, also
+repeatedly came from his home in Kinderhook to dine with Mr. Kemble, and
+these memories call to mind a dinner I attended at "Uncle Gouv's" when
+Mr. Van Buren was the principal guest. Although it was many years after
+his retirement from the presidential office, the impression he made upon
+me was that of a quiet, deliberate old gentleman, who continued to be
+well versed in the affairs of state.
+
+A short distance from Cold Spring is Garrison's, where many wealthy New
+Yorkers have their country seats. Putnam County, in which both
+Garrison's and Cold Spring are located, was once a portion of Philipse
+Manor. The house in the "Upper Manor," as this tract of land was called,
+was The Grange, but over forty years ago it was burned to the ground. It
+was originally built by Captain Frederick Philips about 1800, and was
+the scene of much festivity. The Philipses were tories during the
+Revolution, and it is said that this property would doubtless have been
+confiscated by the government but for the fact that Mary Philips, who
+was Captain Frederick Philips' only child, was a minor at the close of
+the war in 1783. Mary Philips, whose descendants have spelled the name
+with a final _e_, married Samuel Gouverneur, and their eldest son,
+Frederick Philipse Gouverneur, dropped the name Gouverneur as a surname
+and assumed that of Philipse in order to inherit a large landed estate
+of which The Grange was a conspicuous part.
+
+When I first visited Garrison's the Philipse family was living at The
+Grange in great elegance. Frederick Philipse was then a bachelor and his
+maiden sister, Mary Marston Gouverneur, presided over his establishment.
+Another sister, Margaret Philipse Gouverneur, married William Moore, a
+son of the beloved physician, Dr. William Moore of New York, a nephew of
+President Benjamin Moore of Columbia College and a first cousin of
+Clement C. Moore who wrote the oft quoted verses, "'Twas the Night
+before Christmas," which have delighted the hearts of American children
+for so many decades.
+
+Frederick Philipse subsequently married Catharine Wadsworth Post, a
+member of a prominent family of New York. It was while Mr. and Mrs.
+Philipse were visiting her relatives that The Grange was destroyed by
+fire. Miss Mary Marston Gouverneur had ordered the chimneys cleaned, in
+the manner then prevalent, by making a fire in the chimney place on the
+first floor, in order to burn out the debris. The flames fortunately
+broke out on the top story, thus enabling members of the family to save
+many valuable heirlooms in the lower apartments. Among the paintings
+rescued and now in the possession of Frederick Philipse's daughters, the
+Misses Catharine Wadsworth Philipse and Margaret Gouverneur Philipse of
+New York, was the portrait of the pretty Mary Philipse, Washington's
+first love. Tradition states she refused his offer of marriage to become
+the bride of Roger Morris, an officer in the British Army. It is
+generally believed that she was the heroine of Cooper's "Spy;" but she
+had then laid aside the belleship of early youth and had become the
+intellectual matron of after years. Some of the other portraits rescued
+were those of Adolphus Philipse, second son of the first Lord of the
+Manor; Philip Philipse, and his wife, Margaret Marston, whose second
+husband was the Rev. John Ogilvie, for many years assistant minister of
+Trinity Church of New York; Margaret Philipse, younger sister of Mary,
+who married Roger Morris; Captain Frederick Philips, by Gilbert Stuart;
+Mrs. Samuel Gouverneur; Nathaniel Marston and his wife, Mary Crooke; and
+Mrs. Abraham Gouverneur who was the daughter of Jacob Leisler, at one
+time the Acting Governor of the Province of New York.
+
+One visit I made to the Philipses at Garrison's is especially fresh in
+my memory, as Eleanor Jones Duer, a daughter of President William A.
+Duer of Columbia College, who subsequently married George T. Wilson of
+Georgia, was their guest at the same time. She was a woman of much
+culture and refinement, and in every way a delightful companion. A great
+intimacy existed for many years between the Gouverneurs and Philipses of
+Garrison's and the Duer family of New York. The Philipses, who at this
+time lived very much in the old-fashioned style, were the last of the
+old families with which I was familiar to have the cloth removed after
+the dessert was served; and in doing this an elegant mahogany table
+always kept in a highly polished condition was displayed. Upon it were
+placed the fruits, nuts and wine. Another custom in the Philipse family
+which, as far as I know, was unique in this country was that of having
+four meals a day. Breakfast was served at eight, luncheon at one, dinner
+at six and supper at nine o'clock.
+
+During another visit I made at The Grange I had the pleasure of meeting
+Mr. and Mrs. Henry Sheaffe Hoyt (Frances Maria Duer), who were house
+guests there and who had just returned from an extended European tour.
+She was another daughter of President Duer of Columbia College and died
+not long ago in Newport, R.I., at a very advanced age. Mrs. John King
+Van Rensselaer, a daughter of Mrs. Archibald Gracie King (Elizabeth
+Denning Duer), is her niece.
+
+Before leaving the banks of the Hudson River I must speak of my former
+associations with Newburgh. From my earliest life we children were in
+the habit of making frequent visits to my mother's relatives, the Roe
+family, who resided there. We all eagerly looked forward to these trips
+up the Hudson which were made upon the old _Thomas Powell_ and later
+upon the _Mary Powell_. My mother's relative, Maria Hazard, married
+William Roe, one of the most highly respected and prosperous citizens of
+Newburgh. They lived in a stately mansion surrounded by several acres
+of land in the heart of the city. Mrs. Roe was a remarkable woman. I
+knew her only as an elderly matron; but, like women of advanced age in
+China, where I spent a number of years of my early married life, she
+controlled everyone who came within her "sphere of influence." I
+remember, for example, that upon one occasion when I was visiting her,
+Thomas Hazard Roe, her elder son, who at the time was over sixty years
+of age and a bachelor and who desired to go upon some hunting
+expedition, said to her: "Mother, have I your permission to go to the
+Adirondacks?" She thought for a few moments and replied: "Well, Hazard,
+I think you might go."
+
+About the year 1840 Newburgh was recommended by two of the earliest
+prominent homeopathic physicians of New York City, Doctors John F. Gray
+and Amos G. Hull, as a locality well-adapted to people affected with
+delicate lungs, and upon their advice many families built handsome
+residences there. In my early recollection Newburgh had a fine hotel
+called the Powelton, which bade fair to become a prominent resort for
+New Yorkers. In the zenith of its prosperity, however, it was burned to
+the ground and was never rebuilt. I hardly think that anyone will have
+the assurance to dispute the healthfulness of this place when I state
+that my cousin, Thomas Hazard Roe, of whom I have just spoken, died
+there in 1907 after having more than rounded a full century of years. He
+was in many ways a remarkable man with a mind well stored with
+knowledge, and he retained all of his mental faculties unclouded until
+the end of his life. His sister, Mary Elizabeth, the widow of the late
+William C. Hasbrouck, a prominent Newburgh lawyer and a few years his
+junior, also died quite recently in Newburgh at the age of ninety-seven.
+Her son, General Henry C. Hasbrouck, U.S.A., also died but a short time
+since, but her daughter, Miss Maria Hasbrouck, whose whole life has been
+devoted to her family, still resides in the old homestead. The third
+and youngest member of this interesting trio, Miss Emily Maria Roe, is
+now living in Newburgh at an advanced age, surrounded by a large
+connection and beloved by everyone.
+
+One of the most prominent families in Newburgh in years gone by was that
+of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Powell, from whom the celebrated river boats were
+named. Mrs. Powell's maiden name was Mary Ludlow, and she belonged to a
+well-known New York family. Her brother, Lieutenant Augustus C. Ludlow,
+who was second in command on board the _Chesapeake_, under Captain James
+Lawrence of "Don't give up the ship" fame, is buried by the latter's
+side in old Trinity church-yard in New York. Mrs. Powell took great
+pride and pleasure in the boat named in her honor, the _Mary Powell_,
+and I have frequently seen her upon my trips up the Hudson, sitting upon
+the deck of her namesake and chatting pleasantly with those around her.
+
+Newburgh was also the home of Andrew Jackson Downing, the author of
+"Landscape Gardening," "Cottage Residences," and other similar works. I
+received my first knowledge of horticulture from a visit I made to his
+beautiful residence, which was surrounded by several acres. It was my
+earliest view of nature assisted by art, and to my untutored eye his
+lawn was a veritable Paradise. Some years later, when I was visiting the
+Scotts in Washington, Mr. Downing called and during our conversation
+told me that he had come to the Capital, upon the invitation of the
+government, to lay out the Smithsonian grounds. His wife was Miss
+Caroline De Wint of Fishkill, New York, a granddaughter of Mrs. Henry
+William Smith (Abigail Adams), the only daughter of President John Adams
+who reached maturity. After spending some months in Washington, Mr.
+Downing was returning to his Newburgh home when the _Henry Clay_, a
+Hudson River steamboat upon which he had taken passage, was destroyed
+by fire and he perished while attempting to rescue some of the
+passengers. This was in 1852.
+
+There are some persons still living who will readily recall, in
+connection with social functions, the not uncommon name of Brown. The
+particular Brown to whom I refer was the sexton of Grace Episcopal
+Church, on the corner of Broadway and Tenth Street, where many of the
+_soi-disant creme de la creme_ worshiped. He must have possessed a
+christian name, but if so I never heard it for he was only plain Brown,
+and Brown he was called. He was born before the days when spurious
+genealogical charts are thrust at one, _nolens volens_; but probably
+this was lucky for him and the public was spared much that is
+uninteresting. In connection with his duties at Grace Church he came in
+contact with many fashionable people, and was enabled to add materially
+to his rather small income by calling carriages from the doorsteps for
+the society folk of the great metropolis. In this and other ways his
+pursuits gradually became so varied that in time he might have been
+safely classed among the _dilettanti_. The most remarkable feature of
+his career, however, was the fact that, in spite of his humble calling,
+he became a veritable social dictator, and many an ambitious mother with
+a thousand-dollar ball upon her hands (this being about the usual sum
+spent upon an evening entertainment at that time), lacked the courage to
+embark upon such a venture without first seeking an interview with
+Brown. I knew but little about his powers of discrimination, as we as a
+family never found his services necessary, but when requested I know he
+furnished to these dependent hostesses lists of eligible young men whom
+he deemed proficient in the polka and mazurka, the fashionable dances of
+the day. Strange as it may appear, I can vouch for the truth of the
+statement that many an exclusive hostess was glad to avail herself of
+these lists of the accommodating Brown. The dances just mentioned were,
+by the way, introduced into this country by Pierro Saracco, an Italian
+master who taught me to dance, and who was quite popular in the
+fashionable circles of his day. Many years later, when I was residing in
+Maryland, he came to Frederick several times a week and gave dancing
+lessons to my two older daughters.
+
+Brown was a pleasant, genial, decidedly "hail-fellow-well-met" man, as I
+remember him, and was in a way the precursor of Ward McAllister, though
+of course on a decidedly more unpretentious plane. One cannot but
+express surprise at the consideration with which Brown's _proteges_ were
+treated by the _elite_, nor can one deny that the social destinies of
+many young men were the direct result of his strenuous efforts. I
+remember, for example, one of these who at the time was "a youth to
+fortune and to fame unknown," whom Brown took under his sheltering wing
+and whose subsequent social career was shaped by him. He is of foreign
+birth, with a pleasing exterior and address and, through the
+instrumentality of his humble friend who gave him his first start, is
+to-day, although advanced in life, one of the most conspicuous
+financiers in New York, and occasionally has private audiences with
+presidents and other magnates. Moreover, I feel certain that he will
+welcome this humble tribute to his benefactor with much delight, as the
+halo which now surrounds his brow he owes in a large degree to his early
+introduction into the smart set by the sexton of Grace Church. The last
+I ever heard of Brown, he visited Europe. After his return from his
+well-earned holiday he died and was laid to rest in his own native soil.
+Peace to Brown's ashes--his work was well done! It cannot be said of
+him, as of many others, that he lived in vain, as he was doubtless the
+forerunner of the later and more accomplished leader and dictator of New
+York's "Four Hundred."
+
+A poetaster paid him the following facetious tribute:
+
+    Oh, glorious Brown, thou medley strange
+      Of churchyard, ballroom, saint, and sinner,
+    Flying by morn through fashion's range
+      And burying mortals after dinner.
+    Walking one day with invitations,
+    Passing the next at consecrations,
+    Tossing the sod at eve on coffins,
+    With one hand drying tears of orphans,
+    And one unclasping ballroom carriage,
+    Or cutting plumcake up for marriage;
+    Dusting by day the pew and missal,
+    Sounding by night the ballroom whistle,
+    Admitted free through fashion's wicket,
+    And skilled at psalms, at punch, and cricket.
+
+An amusing anecdote is told of Brown's financial _protege_ whose name I
+have withheld. When he was still somewhat uncertain of his social status
+he received an invitation to a fancy ball given by a fashionable matron.
+This recognition he regarded as a conspicuous social triumph, and in his
+desire to do the proper thing he sought William R. Travers--"Bill
+Travers," as he was generally called--to ask his advice in regard to the
+proper costume for him to wear. The inquiring social aspirant had a head
+well-denuded of hair, and Mr. Travers, after a moment's hesitation,
+wittingly replied: "Sugarcoat your head and go as a pill!"
+
+Though not a professional wit, Brown was at least capable of making a
+pun quite equal to those inflicted upon society by some of his
+superiors. As sexton of Grace Church, he officiated at the wedding of
+Miss Phoebe Lord, a daughter of Daniel Lord, whose marriage to Henry
+Day, a rising young lawyer, was solemnized in this edifice. At the close
+of the reception following the marriage ceremony someone laughingly
+called upon Brown for a toast. He was equal to the occasion as he
+quickly replied: "This is the Lord's Day!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+FASHION AND LETTERS
+
+
+One of the show places of New York State, many years ago, was the
+residence of John Greig, a polished Scotch gentleman who presided with
+dignity over his princely estate in Canandaigua in central New York, and
+there dispensed a generous hospitality. Mr. Greig was the agent for some
+of the English nobility, many of whom owned extensive tracts of land in
+America. The village of Canandaigua was also the home of the Honorable
+Francis Granger, a son of Gideon Granger, Postmaster General under
+Jefferson and Madison. Francis Granger was the Postmaster General for a
+brief period under President William Henry Harrison, but the latter died
+soon after his inauguration and his successor did not retain him in his
+cabinet. It is said of Francis Granger that he was a firm believer in
+the words of ex-Governor William L. Marcy in the United States Senate in
+1832 that "to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy," and that
+during his month of cabinet service eighteen hundred employees in his
+department were dismissed. The Democrats evidently thought that "turn
+about was fair play," as a few years later, under President Polk, the
+work of decapitation was equally active. Ransom H. Gillett, Register of
+the Treasury at that time, became so famous at head-chopping, that he
+was soon nicknamed "Guillotine."
+
+Mr. Granger, with his fine physique and engaging manner (he was often
+called "the handsome Frank Granger"), was well adapted to the
+requirements of social life and especially to those of the National
+Capital, where the _beaux esprits_ usually congregated. His only
+daughter, Adele Granger, often called "the witty Miss Granger," was at
+school at Madame Chegaray's with my elder sister Fanny, and in my
+earlier life was frequently a guest in our Houston Street home, prior to
+her sojourn in Washington, where her father for many years represented
+his district in Congress. We looked forward to her visits as one
+anticipates with delight a ray of sunshine. She was always assured of
+the heartiest of welcomes in Washington, where she was the center of a
+bright and intellectual circle. She finally married Mr. John E. Thayer,
+a Boston capitalist, and after his death became the wife of the Hon.
+Robert C. Winthrop of the same city. She presided with grace over a
+summer home in Brookline and a winter residence in Boston, at both of
+which she received hosts of distinguished guests. To illustrate the
+importance with which she was regarded, one of her guests remarked to
+me, during one of my visits at the Brookline home, that Mrs. Winthrop
+was more than one woman--that in that locality she was considered an
+"institution." In the latter part of Mr. Winthrop's life I received a
+very graceful note from him enclosing the following ode written by him
+in honor of the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria:
+
+     BOSTON, MASS.
+          90 Marlborough Street, 20 Feb'y 1888.
+
+     Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     Your kind note and the pamphlet reached me this morning. I
+     thank you for them both.
+
+     I have lost no time in hunting up a spare copy of my little
+     Ode on the Queen's Jubilee.
+
+     I threw it into a newspaper with not a little misgiving. I
+     certainly did not dream that it would be asked for by a lady
+     seven or eight months after its date. I appreciate the
+     compliment.
+
+          Yours truly,
+
+               ROBT. C. WINTHROP.
+
+     Mrs. M. Gouverneur.
+
+         ODE.
+
+         Not as our Empress do we come to greet thee,
+               Augusta Victoria,
+           On this auspicious Jubilee:
+         Wide as old England's realms extend,
+               O'er earth and sea,--
+         Her flag in every clime unfurled,
+         Her morning drum-beat compassing the world,--
+         Yet here her sway Imperial finds an end,
+           In our loved land of Liberty!
+
+         Nor is it as our Queen for us to hail thee,
+               Excellent Majesty,
+           On this auspicious Jubilee:
+         Long, long ago our patriot fathers broke
+         The tie which bound us to a foreign yoke,
+               And made us free;
+         Subjects thenceforward of ourselves alone,
+         We pay no homage to an earthly throne,--
+           Only to God we bend the knee!
+
+         Still, still, to-day and here, thou hast a part,
+               Illustrious Lady,
+         In every honest Anglo-Saxon heart,
+           Albeit untrained to notes of loyalty:
+         As lovers of our old ancestral race,--
+         In reverence for the goodness and the grace
+           Which lends thy fifty years of Royalty
+         A monumental glory on the Historic page,
+         Emblazoning them forever as the Victorian Age;
+
+         For all the virtue, faith and fortitude,
+               The piety and truth
+         Which mark thy noble womanhood,
+               As erst thy golden youth,--
+         We also would do honor to thy name,
+         Joining our distant voices to the loud acclaim
+           Which rings o'er earth and sea,
+         In attestation of the just renown
+         Thy reign has added to the British Crown!
+
+         Meanwhile no swelling sounds of exultation
+               Can banish from our memory,
+               On this auspicious Jubilee,
+         A saintly figure standing at thy side,
+         The cherished consort of thy power and pride,
+         Through weary years the subject of thy tears,
+             And mourned in every nation,--
+         Whose latest words a wrong to us withstood,
+         The friend of peace,--Albert, the Wise and Good!
+
+         Boston, June, 1887.        ROBERT C. WINTHROP.
+
+At Geneseo, in the beautiful Genesee Valley, and a few miles from
+Canandaigua, in one of the most fertile portions of the State of New
+York, resided a contemporary and friend of Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Miss
+Elizabeth Wadsworth, a daughter of James Wadsworth, a well-known
+philanthropist and one of the wealthiest landed proprietors in the
+state. He was also the father of Major General James S. Wadsworth, a
+defeated candidate for Governor of New York, who was killed in 1864 at
+the battle of the Wilderness. Miss Wadsworth was celebrated for her
+grace of manner. I had the pleasure of knowing her quite well in New
+York, where she generally passed her winters. Quite early in life and
+before the period when the fair daughters of America had discovered, to
+any great extent, the advantages of matrimonial alliances with foreign
+_partis_, she married the Honorable Charles Augustus Murray, a member of
+the English Parliament and of a Scotch family, the head of which was the
+Earl of Dunmore. She lived but a few years, and died in Egypt, where her
+husband was Consul General, leaving a young son. Her husband's ancestor,
+John Murray, Lord Dunmore, was the last Colonial Governor of Virginia.
+It has been asserted that but few, if any, Colonial Governors, not even
+the sportive Lord Cornbury of New York who, upon state occasions,
+dressed himself up in female attire in compliment to his royal cousin,
+Queen Anne, had quite as eventful a career. Lord Dunmore originally came
+to America as Governor of the Province of New York, but was subsequently
+transferred to Virginia. While in New York he was made President of the
+St. Andrew's Society, a Scotch organization which had been in existence
+about twenty years and whose first President was Philip Livingston, the
+Signer. In an old New York directory of 1798 I find the following names
+of officers of this society for the preceding year: Walter Ruturfurde
+(sic), President; Peter M'Dougall and George Turnbull, Vice Presidents;
+George Douglass, Treasurer; George Johnson, Secretary; John Munro,
+Assistant Secretary; the Rev. John M. Mason and the Rev. John Bisset,
+Chaplains; Dr. James Tillary, Physician; and William Renwick, James
+Stuart, John Knox, Alexander Thomson, Andrew D. Barclay, and John
+M'Gregor, Managers.
+
+It was not at all flattering to the pride of Virginia that Lord Dunmore
+lingered so long in New York after his order of transfer to the Old
+Dominion. He also greatly incurred the displeasure of the Virginians by
+occasionally dissolving their Assembly, and they found him generally
+inimical to their interests. Finally matters were brought to an issue,
+and Dunmore, in defense of his conduct, issued a proclamation against "a
+certain Patrick Henry and his deluded followers." His final act was the
+burning of Norfolk in 1776, which at that time was the most flourishing
+city in Virginia. During Lord Dunmore's life in Colonial Virginia, a
+daughter was born to him and at the request of the Assembly was named
+"Virginia." It is said that subsequently a provision was made by the
+Provincial Legislature, by virtue of which she was to receive a very
+large sum of money when she became of age. Meanwhile, the War of the
+Revolution severed the yoke of Great Britain, and Lord Dunmore returned
+to England with his family. Time passed and the little girl born in the
+Virginia colony grew into womanhood. Her father had died and as her
+circumstances became contracted she addressed a letter to Thomas
+Jefferson, then President of the United States, under the impression
+that he was Governor of Virginia. Jefferson sent the letter to James
+Monroe, who was then Governor of Virginia, and he in turn referred it
+to the Legislature of that State. This letter is now in my possession
+and is as follows:
+
+     Sir:
+
+     I am at a loss how to begin a letter in which I am desirous
+     of stating claims that many long years have been forgotten,
+     but which I think no time can really annihilate until
+     fulfilment has followed the promise. I imagine that you must
+     have heard that during my father Dunmore's residence in
+     America I was born and that the Assembly, then sitting at
+     Williamsburg, requested that I might be their God-daughter
+     and christened by the name of Virginia; which request being
+     complied with, they purposed providing for me in a manner
+     suitable to the honor they conferred upon me and to the
+     responsibility they had taken on themselves. I was
+     accordingly christened as the God-daughter of that Assembly
+     and named after the State. Events have since occurred which
+     in some measure may have altered the intentions then
+     expressed in my favor. These were (so I have understood)
+     that a sum of money should be settled upon me which,
+     accumulating during my minority, would make up the sum of
+     one hundred thousand pounds when I became of age. It is true
+     many changes may have taken place in America, but that fact
+     still remains the same. I am still the God-daughter of the
+     Virginians. By being that, may I not flatter myself I have
+     some claims upon their benevolence if not upon their
+     justice? May I not ask that State, especially you, sir,
+     their Governor, to fulfil in some respects the engagements
+     entered into by their predecessors? Your fathers promised
+     mine that I should become their charge. I am totally
+     unprovided for; for my father died without making a will. My
+     brothers are married, having families of their own; and not
+     being bound to do anything for me, they regard with
+     indifference my unprotected and neglected situation. Perhaps
+     I ought not to mention this circumstance as a proper
+     inducement for you to act upon; nor would I, were it not my
+     excuse for wishing to remind you of the claims I now
+     advance. I hope you will feel my right to your favor and
+     protection to be founded on the promises made by your own
+     fathers, and in the situation in which I stand with regard
+     to the State of Virginia. You will ask, sir, why my appeal
+     to your generosity and justice has been so tardy. While my
+     father lived, I lived under his protection and guidance. He
+     had incurred the displeasure of the Virginians and he feared
+     an application from me would have seemed like one from him.
+     At his decease I became a free agent. I had taken no part
+     which could displease my God-fathers, and myself remained
+     what the Assembly had made me--their God-daughter,
+     consequently their charge. I wish particularly to enforce my
+     dependence upon your bounty; for I feel hopes revive, which
+     owe their birth to your honor and generosity, and to that of
+     the State whose representative I now address. Now that my
+     father is no more, I am certain they and you will remember
+     what merited your esteem in his character and conduct and
+     forget that which estranged your hearts from so honorable a
+     man. But should you not, you are too just to visit what you
+     deem the sins of the father upon his luckless daughter.
+
+          I am, sir, your obt. etc.
+
+In 1831 the small but pretty Gramercy Park in New York was established
+by Samuel B. Ruggles. I have heard that this plot of ground was
+originally used as a burying ground by Trinity parish. As I first
+recollect the spot, there were but four or five dwellings in its
+vicinity. One of the earliest was built by James W. Gerard, a prominent
+lawyer, who was regarded as a most venturesome pioneer to establish his
+residence in such a remote locality. Next door to Mr. Gerard, a few
+years later, lived George Belden, whose daughter Julia married Frederick
+S. Tallmadge. Mr. Tallmadge died only a few years ago, highly respected
+and esteemed by a large circle of friends.
+
+In 1846 I was one of the guests at a fashionable wedding in a residence
+on the west side of this park, which was possibly the first ceremony of
+the kind to take place in this then remote region. The bride's mother,
+the widow of Richard Armistead of New Bern, N.C., who habitually spent
+her winters in New York, had purchased the house only a few months
+previously. The bride, Susan Armistead, was an intimate friend of mine,
+and a well-known belle in both the North and the South. The groom, a
+resident of New York, was John Still Winthrop, of the same family as the
+Winthrops of Massachusetts. The guests composed an interesting
+assemblage of the old _regime_, many of whose descendants are now in the
+background. I met on that occasion many old friends, among whom the
+Kings, Gracies, Winthrops and Rogers predominated. Mrs. De Witt Clinton
+honored the occasion, dressed in the fashion of a decade or two
+previous. Her presence was a very graceful act as she then but seldom
+appeared in society, her only view of the gay world being from her own
+domain. Her peculiarity in regard to dress was very marked as she
+positively declined to change it with the prevailing style but clung
+tenaciously to the old-fashioned _modes_ to the end of her life. Miss
+Armistead was an ideal-looking bride in her white dress and long tulle
+veil and carried, according to the custom then prevalent, a large flat
+bouquet of white japonicas with white lace paper around the stems. In
+the dining-room, a handsome collation was served, with a huge wedding
+cake at one end of the table and pomegranates, especially sent from the
+bride's southern home, forming a part of the repast. The health of the
+newly wedded couple was drunk in champagne and good cheer prevailed on
+every side. The whole house bore a happy aspect with its floral
+decorations and its bright Liverpool coal fires burning in the grates.
+Furnaces, by the way, were then unknown. In New York there was at that
+time a strong prejudice against anthracite coal, and Liverpool coal was
+therefore generally used, the price of which was fifteen dollars a ton.
+I have many close and tender associations connected with this bride of
+so many years ago, especially as our friendship, formed in our early
+life, still extends to her descendants. Some years after Mrs. Winthrop's
+marriage, and in her earlier widowhood, four generations traveled
+together, and then, as at other times, dwelt under the same roof. They
+were Mrs. Nathaniel Smith, Mrs. Richard Armistead, Mrs. John S. Winthrop
+and her son, John S. Winthrop, who, with his interesting family, now
+resides in Tallahassee.
+
+In 1841, Lord Morpeth, the seventh Earl of Carlisle and a worthy
+specimen of the English nobility, visited the United States, and while
+here investigated the subject of the inheritance of slaves by English
+subjects. His report seems to have been favorably received, as a law was
+passed subsequent to his return declaring it illegal for Englishmen to
+hold slaves through inheritance. England's sympathetic heart about this
+time was in a perennial throb for "the poor Africans in chains,"
+apparently quite oblivious to the fact that the "chains" had been
+introduced and cemented by her fostering hand.
+
+I recall with unusual pleasure an entertainment where Lord Morpeth was
+the guest of honor, at the residence of William Bard on College Place,
+at that time a fashionable street in the vicinity of old Columbia
+College. I have always remembered the occasion as I was then introduced
+to Lord Morpeth and enjoyed a long and pleasant conversation with him.
+Our host was a son of Dr. Samuel Bard, physician to General Washington
+during the days when New York was the seat of government.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. JOHN STILL WINTHROP, NEE ARMISTEAD, BY SULLY
+
+_From a portrait owned by John Still Winthrop of Tallahassee._]
+
+Mr. and Mrs. John Austin Stevens lived on Bleecker Street and had a
+number of interesting daughters. They were an intellectual family and I
+attended an entertainment given by them in honor of Martin Farquhar
+Tupper, the author of "Proverbial Philosophy." Mr. Stevens' sister,
+Lucretia Ledyard Stevens, married Mr. Richard Heckscher of
+Philadelphia.
+
+Another gentlewoman of the same period was Mrs. Laura Wolcott Gibbs,
+wife of Colonel George Gibbs of Newport. The first Oliver Wolcott, a
+Signer, Governor of Connecticut and General in the Revolutionary War,
+was her grandfather; while the second of the same name, Secretary of the
+Treasury under Washington and Adams, Governor of his State and United
+States Judge, was her father. I am in the fullest sympathy with the
+following remarks concerning her made at her funeral by the Rev. Dr.
+Henry W. Bellows: "I confess I always felt in the presence of Mrs. Gibbs
+as if I were talking with Oliver Wolcott himself, and saw in her
+self-reliant, self-asserting and independent manner and speech an
+unmistakable copy of a strong and thoroughly individual character,
+forged in the hottest fires of national struggle. The intense
+individuality of her nature set her apart from others. You felt that
+from the womb she must have been just what she was--a piece of the
+original granite on which the nation was built.... The force, the
+courage, the self-poise she exhibited in the ordinary concerns of our
+peaceful life would in a masculine frame have made, in times of national
+peril, a patriot of the most decided and energetic character--one able
+and willing to believe all things possible, and to make all the efforts
+and sacrifices by which impossibilities are accomplished."
+
+Mrs. Gibbs was literally steeped and moulded in the traditions of the
+past; in fact, she was a reminder of the noble women of the
+Revolutionary era, many of whom have left records behind them. She was
+gifted with a keen sense of humor, and her talent in repartee was
+proverbial. Although many years my senior, I found delightful
+companionship in her society, and her home was always a great resource
+to me. Her accomplished daughter, the wife of Captain Theophile
+d'Oremieulx, U.S.A., was particularly skilled in music. Her son, Wolcott
+Gibbs, the distinguished Professor of Harvard University, maintained to
+the last the high intellectual standard of his ancestors. He died
+several years ago. I was informed by his mother that at one period of
+its history Columbia College desired to secure his services as a
+professor, but that the Hon. Hamilton Fish, one of its trustees and an
+uncompromising Episcopalian, objected on the ground of his Unitarian
+faith and was sustained by the Board of Trustees. It seemed a rather
+inconsistent act, as at another period of its history a Hebrew was
+chosen as a member of the same faculty.
+
+As nearly as I can remember, it was in the summer of 1845 that I spent
+several weeks as the guest of the financier and author, Alexander B.
+Johnson, in Utica, New York. Mrs. Johnson's maiden name was Abigail
+Louisa Smith Adams, and she was the daughter of Charles Adams, son of
+President John Adams. During my sojourn there her uncle, John Quincy
+Adams, came to Utica to visit his relatives, and I had the pleasure of
+being a guest of the family at the same time. He was accompanied upon
+this trip by his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Charles Francis Adams, a young
+grandson whose name I do not recall, and the father of Mrs. Adams, Peter
+C. Brooks, of Boston, another of whose daughters was the wife of Edward
+Everett. Upon their arrival in Utica, the greatest enthusiasm prevailed,
+and the elderly ex-President was welcomed by an old-fashioned torchlight
+procession. In response to many urgent requests, Mr. Adams made an
+impromptu speech from the steps of the Johnson house, and proved himself
+to be indeed "the old man eloquent." Although he was not far from eighty
+years old, he was by no means lacking in either mental or physical
+vitality. Mrs. Charles Francis Adams impressed me as a woman of unusual
+culture and intellectuality, while her father, Peter C. Brooks, was a
+genial old gentleman whom everyone loved to greet. He was at that time
+one of Boston's millionaires; and many years later I heard his grandson,
+the late Henry Sidney Everett, of Washington, son of Edward Everett,
+say of him that when he first arrived in Boston he was a youth with
+little or no means.
+
+After the Adams party had rested for a few days a pleasure trip to
+Trenton Falls, in Oneida County, was proposed. A few prominent citizens
+of Utica were invited by the Johnsons to accompany the party, and among
+them several well-known lawyers whose careers won for them a national as
+well as local reputation. Among these I may especially mention the
+handsome Horatio Seymour, then in his prime, whose courteous manners and
+manly bearing made him exceptionally attractive. Mr. Adams bore the
+fatigue of the trip remarkably well and his strength seemed undiminished
+as the day waned. His devoted daughter-in-law remained constantly beside
+him while at the Falls to administer to his comfort and attend to his
+wants; in fact, she was so solicitous concerning him that she requested
+that she might, in going and coming, occupy a carriage as near him as
+possible. I cannot but regard her as a model for many of the present
+generation who fail to be deeply impressed by either merit or years.
+
+The Adamses were charming guests, and I have always felt that I was
+highly privileged to visit under the same roof with them, and especially
+to listen to the words of wisdom of the venerable ex-President. I have
+heard it stated, by the way, that during his official life in
+Washington, Mr. Adams took a daily bath in the Potomac. This luxury he
+must have missed in Utica, as at this time it offered no opportunities
+for a plunge except in the "raging canal." Mrs. Charles Francis Adams
+accompanied her husband when he went to England, during our Civil War,
+to represent the United States at the Court of St. James. The consummate
+manner in which he conducted our relations with Great Britain at that
+critical period marked him as an accomplished statesman and a
+diplomatist of the rarest skill. The nature of his task was one of
+extreme delicacy, and it is highly probable that, but for his masterly
+efforts, England would have recognized the independence of the Southern
+Confederacy. The energy and fidelity with which he met the requirements
+of his mission undermined his health and, returning to this country, he
+retired to his old home in Quincy.
+
+While in Utica I drove in the family carriage with Mrs. Johnson and her
+sister, Mrs. John W. King, to Peterboro, about twenty-five miles
+distant, to visit Mr. and Mrs. Gerrit Smith. Mr. Smith had already
+commenced his crusade against slavery, and the family antipathy to the
+institution was so strong that two of his nieces, sisters of General
+John Cochrane, who later became President of the Society of the
+Cincinnati, refused to wear dresses made of cotton because it was a
+Southern staple. As I remember this great anti-slavery agitator, he was
+a remarkably handsome man with an air of enthusiasm which seemed to
+pervade his whole being. From 1853 to 1855 he was in Congress, and I had
+the pleasure of listening to one of his scathing speeches on the floor
+of the House of Representatives in denunciation of slavery. I recall his
+unusual felicity in the use of Scriptural quotations, one of which still
+lingers in my ears: "Where the spirit of the Lord is there is liberty."
+His daughter Elizabeth married Charles Dudley Miller, a prominent
+citizen of Utica. She was a woman of very pronounced views, as may be
+judged, in part, by the fact that some years after my marriage, and
+while living in Washington, I met her by accident one day at the Capitol
+and to my surprise discovered that she was wearing bloomers!
+
+In September, 1849, I was returning to my home in New York from another
+visit to the Johnsons in Utica, when, upon the invitation of Mrs.
+Hamilton Fish, whose husband was then Governor of the Empire State, I
+stopped in Albany and visited them. They were of course occupying the
+gubernatorial mansion, but its exact location I cannot exactly recall.
+Life was exceedingly simple in the middle of the last century, even in
+the wealthiest families, and through all these years I seem to remember
+but a single incident connected with the family life of these early
+friends--the trivial fact that the breakfast hour was seven o'clock.
+Mrs. Fish was a model mother and was surrounded by a large and
+interesting family of children, some of whom are among the highly
+prominent people of the present time.
+
+_Apropos_ of the Fish children, an amusing story is told of the keen
+sense of humor of the late William M. Evarts, who presented in every-day
+life such a stern exterior. When, on one occasion, he was a guest of the
+Fish family at their summer home on the Hudson, his attention was called
+to a large and beautifully executed painting of a group of children
+which, as was quite apparent, was greatly treasured by the ex-Governor.
+Mr. Evarts gazed upon the portrait for some minutes in silence and then
+exclaimed in a low tone, "little Fishes." Mr. Fish stood near his guest
+but, not catching the exact drift of his remark, replied: "Sir, I do not
+understand." The bright response was: "Yes, I said little fishes,
+_sardines_,"--reminding one of Artemus Ward's definition of sardines,
+"little fishes biled in ile."
+
+Another witticism of Mr. Evarts's which seems to me deserving of
+preservation is said to have been uttered during his residence in
+Washington, when he was Secretary of State under President Hayes. A
+party of distinguished Englishmen was visiting the National Capital and
+Mr. Evarts escorted it to Mount Vernon. After inspecting the mansion and
+the grave of Washington the party walked to the end of the lawn to view
+the attractive scenery of the Potomac River. One of the Englishmen who
+seemed decidedly more conversant with certain phases of American
+history than the others asked Mr. Evarts whether it were really true
+that Washington could throw a shilling across the Potomac. "Yes," said
+Mr. Evarts, in a diplomatic tone, "it is quite true." The same evening
+at a dinner, the Secretary of State repeated the conversation to a
+mutual friend and added: "He could do even better than that; he could
+toss a Sovereign across the Atlantic!"
+
+The day after my arrival in Albany, President Zachary Taylor and his
+suite were the guests of Governor and Mrs. Fish, and the same day a
+dinner was given in his honor which was attended by prominent State
+officials. Meanwhile, a concourse of people had surrounded the mansion,
+anxious to see the President and to demand a speech. Old "Rough and
+Ready" appeared at an open window and faced the multitude, but was not
+as "ready" in speech as with his sword. He made a brave attempt,
+however, to gratify the people, but he seemed exceedingly feeble and his
+voice was decidedly weak. In the course of his remarks his aide and
+son-in-law, Colonel William W. S. Bliss, came to his rescue and prompted
+him, as it were, from behind the scenes; so that everything passed off,
+as I understood the next day, to the satisfaction of his audience.
+Possibly this was one of Taylor's last appearances in public, as he died
+the following summer.
+
+Although Mrs. Fish was at this time a comparatively young woman, she
+presided over the Governor's mansion with the same grace and ease so
+characteristic of her career in Washington when her husband was
+Secretary of State under President Grant. In my opinion, and I know but
+few who had a better opportunity of judging, Mrs. Fish was in many
+respects a remarkable woman. For eight years her home was a social
+center, and she was regarded as the social dictator of the Grant
+administration. When any perplexing questions of a social nature arose
+during her _regime_, the general inquiry was: "What does Mrs. Fish
+say?" This in time became a standing joke, but it illustrates the fact
+that her decisions usually were regarded as final.
+
+One of the social leaders in New York during my younger life was Mrs.
+Isaac Jones, who, in her own set, was known as "Bloody Mary." Why this
+name was applied to her I cannot say, as she was not in the least either
+cruel or revengeful, as far as I knew, but on the contrary was suave and
+genial to an unusual degree. She lived on Broadway, directly opposite
+the site where the New York Hotel formerly stood, and her entertainments
+were both numerous and elaborate. She was one of the daughters of John
+Mason, who began life as a tailor but left at his death an estate valued
+at a million dollars, which was a large fortune for those days. Isaac
+Jones was president of the Chemical Manufacturing Company and later
+became prominently connected with the Chemical Bank of New York. A
+brother of Mrs. Jones married Miss Emma Wheatley, a superior young woman
+who, unfortunately for her father-in-law's peace of mind, was an
+actress. This alliance was most distasteful to the whole Mason
+connection, and when John Mason was approaching death George W. Strong,
+a prominent lawyer, was hastily summoned by his daughters to draft his
+will. Almost immediately following Mr. Mason's funeral a legal battle
+was commenced over his estate. He left outright to his three daughters
+their proportionate share of his fortune, but to his son who had
+displeased him by his marriage he devised an annuity of only fifteen
+hundred dollars. Charles O'Conor, the counsel for the son, in his
+argument in behalf of his client, said that Mr. Mason's daughters,
+instead of sending for a clergyman to console his dying moments, had
+demanded the immediate presence of a respectable lawyer, "a lawyer so
+respectable that throughout his entire practice he never had a poor
+client." Mr. O'Conor succeeded in breaking this will, and young Mason
+was given his proper share in his father's estate.
+
+One of John Mason's daughters became the wife of Gordon Hammersley,
+whose son Louis married the beautiful Miss Lilly Warren Price of Troy,
+the daughter of Commodore Cicero Price of the United States Navy. She
+subsequently married the Duke of Marlborough, and afterwards Lord
+William Beresford. The Marlborough-Hammersley ceremony was performed in
+this country by a justice of the peace, and the new Duchess of
+Marlborough went to England to live upon her husband's depleted estates.
+It is said that she was allowed by her late husband's family an annual
+income of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars; and Blenheim, which
+had long felt the strain of "decay's effacing fingers," began again,
+through the agency of the Hammersley wealth, to resemble the structure
+once occupied by that tyrant of royalty, the imperious Sarah Jennings.
+
+Very little seemed to be known about Louis Hammersley, as he lived a
+retired life, and when seen in public was almost invariably accompanied
+by his father, Gordon Hammersley. When the two appeared upon the street,
+they were sometimes facetiously dubbed "Dombey and Son." They were
+familiar figures on Broadway, where they invariably walked arm in arm.
+John Hammersley, a brother of Gordon, was the aesthetic member of this
+well-known family. One of his pet diversions was the giving of unusual,
+and sometimes sensational, dinners. To celebrate the completion of the
+trans-continental railroad, he planned what he called a Roman dinner.
+His guests were furnished with togas and partook of the meal in a
+reclining position, like the Romans of old. This unique entertainment
+was, of course, thoroughly enjoyed, but did not become _a la mode_ as
+the flowing toga could hardly compete with trim waistcoats and clinging
+trousers, even on festive occasions.
+
+Fifty years ago, more or less, a house was erected in New York on the
+southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifteenth Street by Mrs. Charles
+Maverick Parker, and, to the astonishment of Gothamites, it was said to
+have cost one hundred thousand dollars! Later it became the home of the
+Manhattan Club. Many old residents visited it on its completion, as such
+a costly structure was regarded with nothing short of amazement. I
+remember it was an _on dit_ of the town that upon one occasion, when
+Mrs. Parker was personally escorting some unusually prominent person
+through the mansion, she pointed to a pretty little receptacle in her
+bedroom and exclaimed as she passed: "That is where I keep my old shoes.
+I wear old shoes just as other people do." The cost and pretentiousness
+of her establishment caused her to be nicknamed "Mrs. House Parker." Her
+residence was built of brown stone, which so strongly appealed to the
+taste of New Yorkers that in time the same material was largely employed
+in the erection of dwellings. High ceilings were then much in vogue and
+were greatly admired. In our house in Houston Street, where I passed my
+late childhood and early womanhood, the ceilings were unusually high,
+while all of the doors were of massive mahogany set in ornamental white
+frames. In subsequent years I met so many persons who in former days had
+been our neighbors in Houston Street that I was conceited enough to
+designate that locality as "the cradle of the universe." Anthony
+Bleecker Neilson was our next-door neighbor in this famous old street,
+and during my life in China twin sons of his, William and Bleecker, were
+again my neighbors in Foo Chow, where they were both employed in the
+_Hong_ (firm) of Oliphant & Company.
+
+A rival to Mrs. Parker's fine house was not long in appearing. Directly
+opposite a stately residence was built by Mrs. Richard K. Haight which
+subsequently became the New York Club. A great rivalry existed between
+these two matrons which even extended to hats, feathers, gowns and all
+the furbelows so dear to the feminine heart. In fact, the far-famed
+houses of Montague and Capulet could not have maintained more skillful
+tactics; and all the while the Gothamites looked on and smiled. A few
+years later Eugene Shiff, who had spent the greater portion of his life
+in France, built a large house on Fifth Avenue which he surmounted with
+a mansard roof. These pioneers having set the pace, imposing residences
+were erected in rapid succession, and the process has been continued
+until the present day.
+
+In December, 1851, New York was agog over the arrival upon the shores of
+America of Louis Kossuth. As everyone knows, he was the leader of the
+Hungarian revolution of 1848-9, and became the first governor of the
+short-lived Hungarian Republic. When this was overthrown by Austria and
+other countries, Kossuth fled to Turkey and subsequently sailed for this
+country on the U.S. Frigate _Mississippi_. When his arrival became
+known, thousands of people thronged the streets anxious to catch a first
+glimpse of the distinguished foreigner. One might have fancied from the
+enthusiasm displayed that he was one of our own conquering heroes
+returning home. Americans were even more sympathetic then than now with
+all struggles for political freedom, as the history of our own trying
+experiences during the Revolution was, from a sentimental point of view,
+even more of a controlling influence than it is to-day. Several months
+later I heard Kossuth deliver an address at the National Hotel in
+Washington before a large assembly chiefly composed of members of
+Congress, when his subject was "Hungary and her woes." I vividly recall
+the impression produced upon his audience when, in his deeply melodious
+tones, he invoked the "Throne of Grace" and closed with the appealing
+words: "What is life without prayer?" I have never before or since
+observed an audience so completely under the sway of an orator, as it
+seemed to me that there was not a person in the room who at the moment
+would not have been willing to acquiesce in whatever demands or appeals
+he might present. Kossuth's countenance suggested such profound
+depression that one could readily credit the assertion he made during
+his remarks, "I have been trained to grief." He wore during the delivery
+of his address the picturesque costume of the Magyars of his country.
+
+New York had an unusually large coterie of _litterateurs_, many of whom
+it was my good fortune to know. Some of these had only recently returned
+from Brook Farm "sadder but wiser" and, at all events, with more
+practical views concerning "the world's broad field of battle." Brook
+Farm had its origin in 1841, and completely collapsed in 1847. It was
+chiefly intended to be the fulfillment of a dream of the Rev. Dr.
+William Henry Channing of "an association in which the members, instead
+of preying upon one another and seeking to put one another down, after
+the fashion of this world, should live together as brothers, seeking one
+another's elevation and spiritual growth." It was essentially
+socialistic in its conception and execution and, although professedly
+altruistic in its nature, was in reality a visionary scheme which
+reflected but little credit upon the judgment of either its originators
+or its patrons. Its company was composed of "members" and "scholars," to
+whom may be added a celebrated list of those who sojourned at the Farm
+for brief periods and were known as "visitors." The whole scheme was
+without doubt one of the most visionary expressions of New England
+transcendentalism, and it failed because in the nature of things no such
+ventures ever have succeeded and, until human nature is essentially
+revolutionized, probably never can. Among its most distinguished members
+were Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles A. Dana, later the brilliant and
+accomplished editor of _The New York Sun_, and George Ripley. George
+William Curtis was one of its scholars, and among its visitors were the
+Rev. William Henry Channing, Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Amos
+Bronson Alcott, Orestes Augustus Bronson, Theodore Parker and Elizabeth
+P. Peabody--forming together one of the most brilliant intellectual
+galaxies that were ever associated in a single enterprise.
+
+Of this number I especially recall George William Curtis, a genius of
+the first brilliancy and remarkable withal for his versatile
+conversational powers. I was talking to him on one occasion when someone
+inquired as to his especial work in the co-operative fold of Brook Farm.
+His laughing reply was, "Cleaning door knobs." George Ripley was a
+distinguished scholar and a prominent journalist. His wife, a daughter
+of Francis Dana, became a convert to Catholicism and is said to have
+found much to console her in that faith until her death from cancer in
+1861. Margaret Fuller, though not possessed of much outward grace, was a
+prolific votary of the pen. I occasionally met her in society before she
+started on an European tour where she met her destiny in the person of
+the Marquis Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, to whom she was secretly married in
+1847. Some years later she embarked with her husband and little boy upon
+a sailing vessel for America, and all were lost off the coast of New
+York in July, 1850. Horace Sumner, a younger brother of the
+distinguished Massachusetts statesman, also perished at the same time.
+
+About 1845 I met Anne C. Lynch of Providence, who came to New York to
+promote her literary ambitions, and was a pleasing addition to this same
+intellectual circle. She was the author of several prose works and also
+of some poetical effusions which were published in 1848 and received
+high commendation. She married Vincenzo Botta, a learned Italian who at
+one time was a professor in the University of Turin. Their tastes were
+similar and the marriage was a very happy one. They lived for many
+years on Thirty-seventh Street in New York, where they maintained a
+charming _salon_. On Sunday evenings their home was the rendezvous of
+many of the literary lights of the metropolis as well as of
+distinguished strangers. Some years before her marriage, Mrs. Botta was
+visiting in Washington, where she formed a friendship with Henry Clay.
+Upon her return to New York he committed to her care a valuable gold
+medal, but upon arriving at her home she discovered to her dismay that
+it was missing from her trunk. It was the general impression that it had
+been stolen from her on her way to New York. About the same time I also
+knew Donald G. Mitchell ("Ik Marvel"), but this was before he had
+entered upon his active and distinguished literary career, and when he
+was a temporary sojourner in New York. He was contributing at that time
+some much appreciated letters to various magazines under the signature
+of "The Lorgnette," which were subsequently republished as a volume
+bearing the same title.
+
+N. P. Willis was another literary genius of the same period whom I had
+the pleasure of knowing. He was cordially welcomed into the social world
+of New York; but, unfortunately for his popularity, he wrote a prose
+effusion entitled, "Those Ungrateful Blidgimses," which was generally
+recognized as a direct attack upon two old ladies who were held in high
+esteem in New York. It was known to many persons that he had had a
+misunderstanding with them and that he had employed this manner of
+taking his revenge. New York society frowned upon what was generally
+considered his ungallant conduct, and for many years the doors of some
+of the most prominent houses in the city were closed against him. As I
+remember reading his story at the time, I thought its title was but a
+poor disguise, as the sisters were named Bridgens, the christian name of
+one of them being Cornelia. This name was distorted into "Crinny," who,
+by the way, was a woman of decided ability. It was against her that the
+author's animosity was chiefly directed. It seems that the Misses
+Bridgens and Mr. Willis chanced to be sojourning at the same time in
+Rome, where the scene of his narrative is laid. Miss Crinny was a
+sufferer from an attack of Roman fever and, under these dire
+circumstances, Mr. Willis represents himself as her attendant, and in
+this capacity refuses to condone the peculiarities of the poor old
+lady's sick-room. His patience in gratifying her morbid fancies is
+graphically described in a vein of ridicule and he tells how by the hour
+he threaded what he terms her "imaginary locks." He also dwells at
+length upon her conversational powers and likens her tongue to the
+elasticity of an eel's tail, which would wag if it were skinned and
+fried. Charles Dudley Warner has described this writing of Mr. Willis as
+"funny but wicked"; it was more than that--it was cruel! Willis made
+another reference to the two sisters in his "Earnest Clay" where he
+speaks of "two abominable old maids by the names of Buggins and
+Blidgins, representing the _scan. mag._ of Florence."
+
+The New York public was in no hurry to reopen its doors to Mr. Willis;
+indeed, it was not until after his marriage to Miss Cornelia Grinnell,
+his second wife, that he was again kindly received. I recall with much
+pleasure a visit I made at Mrs. Winfield Scott's in New York, after that
+city had ceased to be my home, when we went together to dine with Mr.
+and Mrs. N. P. Willis at Idlewild, their country home on the Hudson.
+These were the days when Mrs. Scott was sometimes facetiously called
+_Madame la General_. This charming residence of Mr. Willis was several
+miles south of Newburgh, on high ground overlooking the river, and from
+its porches there was an enchanting view of West Point. Mr. Willis told
+us that when he first came to that vicinity he called the attention of
+a countryman from whom he had purchased the land to some uncultivated
+acres and asked a suggestion regarding them. "That," said the man,
+waving his hand in the direction of the trees, "is nothing but an
+Idlewild." The word lingered in Mr. Willis's mind, and he subsequently
+adopted it as the name of his new home.
+
+While living in New York we frequently attended parties at the
+hospitable home of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin F. Butler in Washington Place.
+He was an elegant gentleman of the old school and had served as Attorney
+General in the cabinets of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren. They were
+people of deep religious convictions, and consequently all their
+entertainments were conducted upon the strictest code of the day. For
+example, dancing was never permitted and wine was never served. In place
+of dancing there was a continuous promenade. I generally attended these
+parties accompanied by my father, who enjoyed meeting the legal lights
+of the country, some of whom were always there. Exceptionally handsome
+suppers were served at these entertainments, and every effort was made
+by Mr. and Mrs. Butler to make up, as it were, for the lack of dancing
+which was sorely missed by those more gayly inclined.
+
+A hundred thousand dollars was considered a highly respectable fortune
+in New York between sixty and seventy years ago. Seven per cent, was the
+usual rate of interest, the cost of living was low, and life was, of
+course, much simpler in every way. I recall a prominent young man about
+this period, Henry Carroll Marx, commonly called "Dandy Marx," who was
+said to be the happy possessor of the amount I have named. He was
+devoted to horses and from his home on Broadway he could frequently be
+seen driving tandem on the cobblestone streets. I do not remember his
+entering the social arena; possibly he avoided it in order to escape the
+wiles of designing mothers, whom one occasionally encountered even in
+those ancient days. His faultless attire, which in elegance surpassed
+all his rivals, won for him the nickname of "Dandy." He also rendered
+himself conspicuous as the first gentleman in New York to wear the long,
+straight, and pointed waxed mustache. His two maiden sisters were
+inseparable companions and nearly every day could be seen walking on
+Broadway. Miss Lydia Kane, one of the wits of my day and of whom I have
+already spoken, facetiously called them "number 11"--two straight marks!
+
+In 1845 Burton's Theater was an unfailing source of delight to the
+pleasure-loving public. William E. Burton was an Englishman of rare
+cultivation, and was the greatest comedian New York had ever known.
+Although so gifted, his expression of countenance was one of extreme
+gravity. His presentation of Aminadab Sleek in the "Serious Family" has,
+in my opinion, never been surpassed. He frequently acted in minor
+comedies, but the "Serious Family" was his greatest _role_. Niblo's
+Garden on Broadway, near Houston Street, was a source of great delight
+in those days to all Gothamites. It was in this theater that the Ravel
+family had its remarkable athletic performances. When I recall their
+graceful, youthful physiques, I am reminded of Hamlet's philosophical
+musings in the graveyard: "Where be your gibes now, your gambols, your
+songs, your flashes of merriment that were wont to set the table on a
+roar?" P. T. Barnum was a conspicuous figure about this time. His museum
+was on Broadway, at the corner of Ann Street, and not far from the City
+Hall. He was considered a prince of humbugs and perhaps gloried in his
+reputation as such. I distinctly remember the excitement which he
+created over a mummified old colored woman who, he asserted, had been a
+nurse of Washington, and to whom he gave the name of Joice Heth. She was
+undoubtedly a very aged negress, but she still retained full powers of
+articulation and was well coached to reply in an intelligent manner to
+the numerous inquiries respecting her pretended charge. It is needless
+to add that she was only one of Barnum's numerous fakes.
+
+Philip Kearny, a handsome gentleman of a former school, who lived at the
+corner of Broadway and Leonard Street, was a lavish entertainer. He was
+a widower when I knew him, but his daughter, the wife of Major Alexander
+S. Macomb, U.S.A., the son and aide of Major General Alexander Macomb,
+Commander-in-Chief of the Army, lived with him. Major Macomb was
+conspicuous for his attractive personality and imposing presence and was
+said to bear a striking resemblance to Prince Albert, the father of
+Edward VII. His wife was one of the three heirs of John Watts, who owned
+a princely estate. The other two were her brother, the gallant General
+Philip Kearny, and her cousin, General John Watts de Peyster, a son of
+that most accomplished gentleman, Frederick de Peyster, of whom I have
+already spoken. Mrs. Macomb was a generous and attractive woman who
+dispensed with a liberal hand the wealth she had inherited. Her pretty
+cousins, Mary and Nancy Kearny, whom I knew quite well, daughters of her
+father's brothers, were her constant guests. Another frequent visitor of
+this household was Mrs. "Phil" Kearny, as she was invariably called,
+whose maiden name was Diana Moore Bullitt, a famous Kentucky belle,
+well-known for her grace and intellectual attractions. Her sister
+Eloise, usually called "Lou" Bullitt by her intimate friends, married
+Baron Frederick de Kantzow of Sweden, a courtly foreigner who had
+commercial relations with the merchant princes of New York. Tradition
+states that the Baroness de Kantzow, though not possessed of Mrs.
+Kearny's beauty, was a more successful slayer of hearts than her sister,
+and it is said that she had adorers by the score. A third Bullitt
+sister, Mary, married General Henry Atkinson and after his death Major
+Adam Duncan Steuart, both of the United States Army, the latter of whom
+was stationed for many years at Fort Leavenworth.
+
+Mrs. Macomb's health failed at an early period of life and to restore it
+she sought a foreign clime; but, alas, her many friends were never
+gladdened again by her kindly welcome, as she died abroad. In my young
+womanhood I frequently attended parties at the Kearny house where
+dancing and other social pleasures enlivened the scene. In this
+connection it seems proper to refer at greater length to John Watts and
+his interesting trio of daughters. I have already spoken of his son
+Robert, who died unmarried at an early age. His two older daughters,
+Susanna, wife of Philip Kearny, and Mary Justina, wife of Frederick de
+Peyster, did not long survive their marriages; but a third daughter,
+Elizabeth, the wife of Henry Laight, who never had children, lived many
+years with her father and managed the affairs of his household. An
+amusing story was told me many years ago regarding Mrs. Laight which is
+well worthy of mention. As a young girl she was deeply in love with the
+young man who eventually became her husband, but her father was so
+devoted to her and so very dependent upon her that he violently opposed
+her marrying anyone. Accordingly, a secret marriage was planned by the
+young people to take place in Trinity Church. As the youthful pair was
+standing in front of the altar, surrounded by a few sympathetic friends,
+the rector reached the words, "Who giveth this woman to be married to
+this man?" when, to the astonishment of the assembled group, a gruff,
+loud voice in the rear of the church shouted "I do." Old John Watts had
+opposed his daughter's marriage with all his might, but when he learned
+by chance that she was to be married clandestinely, he graciously
+accepted the inevitable and without the knowledge of anyone hurried to
+the church and, entering it by a side door, duly performed his part as
+just related. This anecdote was told me by Arent Schuyler de Peyster, a
+distant cousin of General John Watts de Peyster. Many years later, when
+I repeated it to Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, she remarked in her
+characteristic manner: "He was mean enough not to even allow her the
+satisfaction of a runaway marriage." This estimate of his character,
+however, does not seem to agree with that given by others. The Laights
+were prominent in New York society. One of them, Edward Laight, whom I
+knew as a society beau, was remarkably handsome. He was a good deal of a
+flirt and transferred his affections with remarkable facility from one
+young woman to another. His sister married a Greek, Mr. Eugene Dutilh, a
+gentleman of culture and refinement, who owned a beautiful place at
+Garrison's-on-the-Hudson which he sold about 1861 to Hamilton Fish.
+
+Philip Kearny and his family lived next door to Peter A. Jay, and I
+frequently met the young people of his household at Mrs. Macomb's
+parties. Gouverneur Morris, a son of the distinguished statesman, and
+Edward Kearny were _habitues_ of this establishment, as were also Ridley
+and Essex Watts, both of whom I knew well. General "Phil" Kearny from
+his youthful days was an enthusiastic soldier, but he was not a graduate
+of West Point, having been appointed to the regular army from civil life
+by President Van Buren in 1837. He served throughout the Mexican War,
+where he had the misfortune to lose an arm at the battle of Churubusco,
+and was killed during the Civil War in 1862 at the battle of Chantilly.
+
+Speaking of General Macomb, I am reminded of a social _on dit_ of many
+years ago. Mrs. August Belmont (Caroline Slidell Perry) lived in a fine
+house on Fifth Avenue and frequently gave large receptions. His sister,
+Sarah Perry, subsequently Mrs. R. S. Rodgers, was an early friend of
+mine. The elegant Major Alexander S. Macomb, who was his father's
+namesake and aide, on entering Mrs. Belmont's drawing-room was
+unfortunate enough to brush against a handsome vase and completely
+shatter it. It was generally conceded that his hostess was conscious of
+the disaster, but "was mistress of herself though China fall" and
+appeared entirely unconscious of the mishap. Some months later at the
+house of Lady Cunard (Mary McEvers), a similar accident happened. The
+unfortunate guest, however, in this case was immediately approached by
+his hostess, who with much elegant grace begged him not to be disturbed
+as the damage was trifling. Immediately society began an animated
+discussion, when even the judicial powers of Solomon might have found it
+embarrassing to decide which of the two women should be accorded the
+greater degree of _savoir faire_.
+
+In 1844, accompanied by my father, I attended the wedding of Estelle
+Livingston, daughter of John Swift Livingston, to John Watts de Peyster.
+At the time of this marriage, Mr. de Peyster was considered the finest
+_parti_ in the city; while, apart from his great wealth, he was so
+unusually talented that it was generally believed a brilliant future
+awaited him. It was a home wedding, and the drawing-room was well filled
+with the large family connection and other invited guests. At this time
+Mr. Livingston was a widower, but his sister Maria, Mrs. John C. Stevens
+of Hoboken, did the honors of the occasion for her brother. The young
+bride presented a charming appearance in all her finery, and at the
+bountiful collation following the ceremony champagne flowed freely.
+This, however, was no unusual thing, as that beverage was generally seen
+at every entertainment in those good old days. Mrs. John C. Stevens
+lived at one time in Barclay Street, and I have heard numerous stories
+concerning her eccentricities. In 1849 she gave a fancy-dress ball but,
+as she had failed to revise her visiting list in many years, persons who
+had long been dead were among her invited guests. She was especially
+peculiar in her mode of dress, which was not always adapted to her
+social position. It is therefore not at all surprising that unfortunate
+mistakes were occasionally made in regard to her identity. Another of
+her eccentricities consisted in the fact that she positively refused,
+when shopping, to recognize even her most intimate friends, as she said
+it was simply impossible for her to combine business with pleasure. In
+spite of her peculiarities, however, she possessed unusual social charm.
+Her husband was prominent in society and business circles. He was
+founder of the New York Yacht Club as well as its first president, and
+commanded the _America_ in the memorable race in England in 1851, which
+won the celebrated cup that Sir Thomas Lipton and other English
+yachtsmen have failed to restore to their native land. Mary Livingston,
+the younger daughter of John Swift Livingston, was a _petite_ beauty.
+She married a distant relative, a son of Maturin Livingston. I am told
+that her brother, Johnston Livingston, is still living in New York at a
+very advanced age.
+
+Joseph Kemmerer's band was an indispensable adjunct to all social
+gatherings in the days of which I am speaking. The number of instruments
+used was always in proportion to the size of the entertainment. The
+inspiring airs of Strauss and Labitzky, then in vogue, were popular with
+the younger set. These airs bring back pleasant memories, as I have
+frequently danced to them. The waltz in my day was a fine art and its
+votaries were numerous. I recall the fact that Edward James of Albany, a
+witty young gentleman with whom I occasionally danced, was such a
+devotee to the waltz that, not possessing sufficient will power to
+resist its charms and having a delicate constitution, he nearly danced
+himself into another world. Two attractive young brothers, Thomas H. and
+Daniel Messinger, who were general beaux in society, played their parts
+most successfully in the social world by their graceful dancing, and no
+ball was considered complete without their presence. These brothers
+were associated in the umbrella industry, and Miss Lydia Kane, some of
+whose witty remarks I have already quoted, dubbed them the "reigning
+beaux!" Daniel Messinger eventually married Miss Elizabeth Coles
+Neilson, a daughter of Anthony Bleecker Neilson, and became a Lieutenant
+Colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War.
+
+The British Consul General in New York from 1817 to 1843 was James
+Buchanan. He was Irish by birth, and many young British subjects
+visiting the United States made his home their headquarters. He had
+several daughters and, as the whole family was social in its tastes, I
+often enjoyed meeting these sturdy representatives of John Bull at his
+house. Those I knew best came from "the land of brown heath and shaggy
+wood," as in our family we were naturally partial to Scotchmen and, as a
+rule, regarded them as desirable acquaintances. Many of these were
+graduates of Glasgow University and young men of unusual culture and
+refinement. I especially remember Mr. McCorquodale, a nephew of Dr.
+Thomas Chalmers, the distinguished Presbyterian Divine of Scotland. He
+met his future wife in New York in the person of a wealthy and
+attractive widow. Her maiden name I do not recall, although I am
+acquainted with certain facts concerning her lineage. She was the
+granddaughter of Madame de Genlis.
+
+I doubt whether any of these young Scotchmen whom I met remained
+permanently in this country, as they always seemed too loyal to the
+"Land o' Cakes" to entirely expatriate themselves. Another young
+Scotchman, Mr. Dundas, whom I knew quite well through the Buchanans,
+embarked for his native land on board the steamer _President_. This ship
+sailed in the spring of 1841 and never reached her destination. What
+became of her was never known and her fate remains to this day one of
+the mysteries of the sea. In the fall of 1860 the U.S. man-of-war
+_Levant_, on her voyage from the Hawaiian Islands to Panama, disappeared
+in the same mysterious manner in the Pacific Ocean; and, as was the case
+with the _President_, no human being aboard of her was ever heard of
+again. There were many conjectures in regard to the fate of this ship,
+but the true story of her doom has never been revealed. I remember two
+of the officers who perished with her. One of them was Lieutenant Edward
+C. Stout, who had married a daughter of Commodore John H. Aulick,
+U.S.N., and whose daughters, the Misses Julia and Minnie Stout, are well
+remembered in Washington social circles; and the other was Purser Andrew
+J. Watson, who was a member of one of the old residential families of
+the District of Columbia.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+WASHINGTON IN THE FORTIES
+
+
+My first visit to Washington was in 1845. I started from New York at
+eight o'clock in the morning and reached Philadelphia late the same
+afternoon. I broke the journey by spending the night at Jones's Hotel in
+the lower part of the city, which was the usual stopping place of
+travelers who made this trip. A few years later when the journey from
+New York to Washington was made in twelve hours, it was thought that
+almost a miracle had been performed.
+
+Mrs. Winfield Scott in 1855 characterized the National Capital as "an
+ill-contrived, ill-arranged, rambling, scrambling village"; and it was
+certainly all of that when I first saw it. It is not improbable that the
+cause of this condition of affairs was a general feeling of uncertainty
+as to whether Washington would remain the permanent seat of government,
+especially as the West was naturally clamoring for a more centrally
+located capital. When I first visited the city the ubiquitous
+real-estate agent had not yet materialized, and corner lots, now so much
+in demand, could be purchased at a small price. Taxation was moderate
+and Congress, then as now, held itself responsible for one-half of the
+taxes. As land was cheap there was no necessity for economy in its use,
+and spacious fronts were built regardless of back-buildings. In other
+cases, when one's funds were limited, the rear of the house was first
+built and later a more imposing front was added. The contrast between
+the houses of New York, built closely together in blocks, and those in
+Washington, with the abundant space around them, was a great surprise
+to me. Unlike many other cities, land in Washington, then, as now, was
+sold and taxed by the square foot.
+
+My elder sister Fanny had married Charles Eames, Esq., of the Washington
+Bar, and my visit was to her. Mr. Eames entered Harvard in 1827 when
+less than sixteen years of age, and was a classmate of Wendell Phillips
+and of John Lothrop Motley, the historian. The distinguished Professor
+of Harvard University, Andrew P. Peabody, LL.D., in referring to him
+many years after his death said that he was "the first scholar of his
+class, and was regarded as a man of unlimited power of acquisition, and
+of marked ability as a public speaker." After leaving Harvard he studied
+law, but ill health prevented him from practicing his profession. He
+accompanied to Washington George Bancroft, President Polk's Secretary of
+the Navy, by whom he was made principal correspondence clerk of the Navy
+Department. He remained there but a few months when he became associate
+editor of _The Washington Union_ under the well-known Thomas Ritchie,
+usually known as "Father Ritchie." He was subsequently appointed by Polk
+a commissioner to negotiate a treaty with the Hawaiian Islands, and took
+passage upon the U.S. Frigate _Savannah_ and sailed, by way of Cape
+Horn, for San Francisco. He unexpectedly found awaiting his arrival in
+that city Dr. Gerrit P. Judd, Prime Minister of the King, with two young
+Hawaiian princes. After the treaty was made, he returned east and for
+six months edited _The Nashville Union_, when he again assumed charge of
+_The Washington Union_. President Pierce subsequently appointed him
+Minister to Venezuela, where he remained until 1859, and then returned
+to Washington, where he practiced his profession for the remainder of
+his life. It was while arguing an important case before the Supreme
+Court that he was stricken, and he died on the 16th of March, 1867. He
+sustained a high reputation as an admiralty lawyer as well as for his
+knowledge of international jurisprudence. I have now before me a letter
+addressed to his widow by Wendell Phillips only three days after his
+death. It is one of the valued possessions of Mr. Eames's daughter, who
+is my niece and the wife of that genial Scotchman, Alexander Penrose
+Gordon-Cumming. It reads:
+
+
+     QUINCY, Illinois, March 19, 1867.
+
+     My dear friend,
+
+     I have just crossed from the other side of the Mississippi,
+     and am saddened by learning from the papers my old and dear
+     friend's death.
+
+     The associations that bind us together go back many, many
+     years. We were boys together in sunny months full of frolic,
+     plans and hopes. The merriment and the seriousness, the toil
+     and the ambition of those days all cluster round him as
+     memory brings him to me in the flush of his youth. I have
+     seen little of him of late years, as you know, but the roots
+     of our friendship needed no constant care; they were too
+     strong to die or wilt, and when we did meet it was always
+     with the old warmth and intimacy. I feel more alone in the
+     world now he has gone. One by one the boy's comrades pass
+     over the river and life loses with each some of its
+     interest.
+
+     I was hoping in coming years, as life grew less busy, to see
+     more of my old playmate, and this is a very unexpected blow.
+     Be sure I sympathize with you most tenderly, and could not
+     resist the impulse to tell you so. Little as we have met, I
+     owe to your kind and frank interest in me a sense of very
+     warm and close relation to you--feel as if I had known you
+     ever so many years. I hope our paths may lead us more
+     together so that I may learn to know you better and gather
+     some more distinct ideas of Eames' later years. All his
+     youth I have by heart.
+
+          With most affectionate regards believe me
+
+               Very faithfully yours,
+
+               WENDELL PHILLIPS.
+
+     Mrs. Eames.
+
+     I think women never fully realize the strange tenderness
+     with which men cling to college mates. No matter how much
+     opinions or residence separate grown-up men, to have been
+     classmates is a tie that like blood never loosens. Any man
+     that has a heart feels it thrill at the sight of one of
+     _those_ comrades. Later friendships may be close, never so
+     tender--this makes boys of us again at any moment.
+     Unfamiliar tears obey its touch, and a singular sense of
+     loneliness settles down on survivors--Good-bye.
+
+The young Hawaiian princes to whom I have just referred and who, by the
+way, were mere boys, accompanied Dr. Judd to New York where my younger
+brother, Malcolm, thinking he might make the acquaintance of some genial
+playmates, called to see them. Upon his return from his visit his only
+criticism was, "those dusky princes certainly give themselves airs."
+
+My sister, Mrs. Eames, lived in a house on G Street near Twenty-first
+Street in what was then known as the First Ward. This general section,
+together with a part of Indiana Avenue, some portions of Capitol Hill,
+Sixth and Seventh Streets, and all of that part of the city bounded on
+the north by K Street, on the south by Pennsylvania Avenue, and westward
+of Fourteenth Street to Georgetown, was at this time the fashionable
+section of the city. Like many other places in its formative period,
+Washington then presented the picture of fine dwelling houses and
+shanties standing side by side. I remember, for example, that as late as
+1870 a fine residence on the corner of I and Fifteenth Streets was
+located next to a small frame house occupied by a colored undertaker.
+The latter's business was prosperous, but his wealthy neighbor objected
+to the constant reminder of death caused by seeing from his fine bay
+window the numerous coffins carried in and out. He asked the undertaker
+to name his price for his property, but he declined, and all of his
+subsequent offers were ignored. Finally, after several years' patient
+waiting, during which offer after offer had been politely but positively
+rejected, the last one being an almost princely sum, the owner sold his
+home and moved away, leaving his humble neighbor in triumphant
+possession. This is simply a fair example of the conditions existing in
+Washington when I first knew it.
+
+Two rows of houses on Pennsylvania Avenue, known as the "Six and Seven
+Buildings," were fashionable dwellings. Admiral David D. Porter, then a
+Lieutenant in the Navy, occupied one of them. Miss Catharine L. Brooke
+kept a girls' school in another, while still another was the residence
+of William Lee of Massachusetts. I have been informed that while serving
+in a consular office abroad, under the appointment of President Monroe,
+Mr. Lee was commissioned by him to select a dinner set for the White
+House.
+
+Architects, if I remember correctly, were almost unknown in Washington
+at this time. When a person was sufficiently venturesome to build a
+house for himself, he selected a residence suited to his tastes and
+directed a builder to erect one like it. Speculative building was
+entirely unknown, and if any resident of the District had embarked upon
+such a venture he would have been regarded as the victim of a vivid but
+disordered fancy.
+
+Mrs. C. R. Latimer kept a fashionable boarding house in a large brick
+dwelling facing Lafayette Square where the Belasco Theater now stands.
+Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton Fish boarded with her while the former was a
+Representative in Congress, and Mr. and Mrs. Sanders Irving, so well and
+favorably known to all old Washingtonians, also made this house their
+home. Many years later it was the residence of William H. Seward, and he
+was living there when the memorable attempt was made in 1865 to
+assassinate him. As is well known, it subsequently became the home of
+James G. Blaine. When Hamilton Fish was elected to the Senate, he
+purchased a house on H Street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth
+Streets, which was afterwards known as the "Porter house." Previously
+it had been owned and occupied by General "Phil" Kearny.
+
+The shops of Washington in 1845 were not numerous, and were located
+chiefly upon Pennsylvania Avenue, Seventh Street then being a
+residential section. The most prominent dry-goods store was kept by
+Darius Clagett at the corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
+Mr. Clagett, invariably cordial and courteous, always stood behind his
+counter, and I have had many pleasant chats with him while making my
+purchases. Although he kept an excellent selection of goods, it was
+usually the custom for prominent Washington folk to make their larger
+purchases in Baltimore. A little later Walter Harper kept a dry-goods
+store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Eighth Street, and some years later
+two others appeared, one kept by William M. Shuster on Pennsylvania
+Avenue, first between Seventh and Eighth Streets, and later between
+Ninth and Tenth; and the other by Augustus and Thomas Perry on the
+corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. Charles Demonet, the
+confectioner, made his appearance a little later on Pennsylvania Avenue,
+between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets; but Charles Gautier, on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, was his
+successful rival and was regarded more favorably in aristocratic
+circles. Madame Marguerite M. Delarue kept a shop on the north side of
+the same avenue, also between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, where
+small articles of dress dear to the feminine heart could be bought.
+There were several large grocery stores on the south side of
+Pennsylvania Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. Benjamin L.
+Jackson and Brother were the proprietors of one and James L. Barbour and
+John A. Hamilton of another, although the two latter had their business
+house at an earlier day on Louisiana Avenue. Louis Vavans was the
+accomplished cook and caterer, and sent to their rooms the meals of
+many persons temporarily residing in Washington. Joseph Redfern, his
+son-in-law, kept a grocery store in the First Ward. Franck Taylor, the
+father of the late Rear Admiral Henry C. Taylor, U.S.N., was the
+proprietor of a book store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Four-and-a-Half
+Street, where many of the scholarly men of the day congregated to
+discuss literary and current topics. His store had a bust of Sir Walter
+Scott over its door, and he usually kept his front show-windows closed
+to prevent the light from fading the bindings of his books. The Center
+Market was located upon the same site as at present, but of course it
+has since been greatly enlarged and improved. All the stores on
+Louisiana Avenue sold at retail. I remember the grocery store of J.
+Harrison Semmes on Ninth Street and Louisiana Avenue, opposite the
+Center Market; and the hardware store kept by Joseph Savage on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, and at another
+time between Third and Fourth Streets.
+
+On Fifteenth Street opposite the Treasury was another well-known
+boarding house, conducted by Mrs. Ulrich and much patronized by members
+of the Diplomatic Corps. Willard's Hotel was just around the corner on
+the site of the New Willard, and its proprietor was Caleb Willard.
+Brown's Hotel, farther down town, on Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth
+Street, was a popular rendezvous for Congressional people. It was first
+called the Indian Queen, and was kept by that prince of hosts, Jesse
+Brown. After his death the name was changed to the Metropolitan.
+
+The National Hotel on the opposite corner was the largest hostelry in
+Washington. It boasted of a large Southern _clientele_, and until
+President Buchanan's administration enjoyed a very prosperous career.
+Subsequent to Buchanan's inauguration, however, a mysterious epidemic
+appeared among the guests of the house which the physicians of the
+District failed to satisfactorily diagnose. It became commonly known as
+the "National Hotel disease," and resulted in numerous deaths. A notice
+occasionally appeared in the current newspapers stating that the
+deceased had died from this malady. Mrs. Robert Greenhow, in her book
+published in London during the Civil War, entitled "My Imprisonment and
+the First Years of Abolition Rule at Washington," attributes the
+epidemic to the machinations of the Republicans, who were desirous of
+disposing of President Buchanan. John Gadsby was its proprietor at one
+time, from whom it usually went by the name of "Gadsby's." President
+Buchanan was one of its guests on the eve of his inauguration.
+
+When I first knew Washington, slavery was in full sway and, with but few
+exceptions, all servants were colored. The wages of a good cook were
+only six or seven dollars a month, but their proficiency in the culinary
+art was remarkable. I remember once hearing Count Adam Gurowski, who had
+traversed the European continent, remark that he had never anywhere
+tasted such cooking as in the South. The grace of manner of many of the
+elderly male slaves of that day would, indeed, have adorned a court.
+When William L. Marcy, who, although a master in statesmanship and
+diplomacy, was not especially gifted in external graces, was taking
+final leave of the clerks in the War Department, where as Secretary he
+had rendered such distinguished services under President Polk, he shook
+hands with an elderly colored employee named Datcher, who had formerly
+been a body servant to President Monroe, and said: "Good-bye, Datcher;
+if I had had your manners I should have left more friends behind me."
+Some years later, and after my marriage into the Gouverneur family, I
+had the good fortune to have passed down to me a venerable colored man
+who had served my husband's family for many years and whose name was
+"Uncle James." His manner at times was quite overpowering. On entering
+my drawing-room on one occasion to greet George Newell, brother-in-law
+and guest of ex-Governor Marcy, I found him seated upon a sofa and
+apparently engaged in a "brown study." Referring at once to "Uncle
+James," he inquired: "Who is that man?" Upon my replying, "An old family
+servant," he remarked: "Well, he is the most polite man I have ever
+met."
+
+Some years later my sister, Mrs. Eames, moved into a house on the corner
+of H and Fourteenth Streets, which she and her husband had built and
+which she occupied until her death in 1890. I naturally shrink from
+dwelling in detail upon her charm of manner and social career, and
+prefer rather to quote an extract from a sketch which appeared in one of
+the newspapers just after her death:
+
+     ... During the twenty-eight years of her married life in
+     Washington Mrs. Eames's house was one of the favorite
+     resorts of the most conspicuous and interesting men of the
+     nation; it was a species of neutral ground where men of all
+     parties and shades of political opinion found it agreeable
+     to foregather. Though at first in moderate circumstances and
+     living in a house which rented for less than $300 a year,
+     there was no house in Washington except, perhaps, the
+     President's, where one was sure of meeting any evening
+     throughout the year so many people of distinction.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. CHARLES EAMES, NEE CAMPBELL, BY GAMBADELLA.
+
+_Owned by Mrs. Gordon-Cumming._]
+
+     Mr. and Mrs. Marcy were devoted to Mrs. Eames; her _salon_
+     was almost the daily resort of Edward Everett, Rufus Choate,
+     Charles Sumner, Secretary [James] Guthrie, Governor [John
+     A.] Andrews of Massachusetts, Winter Davis, Caleb Cushing,
+     Senator Preston King, N.P. Banks, and representative men of
+     that ilk. Mr. [Samuel J.] Tilden when in Washington was
+     often their guest. The gentlemen, who were all on the most
+     familiar terms with the family, were in the habit of
+     bringing their less conspicuous friends from time to time,
+     thus making it quite the most attractive _salon_ that has
+     been seen in Washington since the death of Mrs. Madison, and
+     made such without any of the attractions of wealth or
+     luxury.
+
+     The relations thus established with the public men of the
+     country at her fireside were strengthened and enriched by a
+     voluminous correspondence. Her father, who was a very
+     accomplished man, had one of the largest and choicest
+     private libraries in New York, of which, from the time she
+     could read, Mrs. Eames had the freedom; in this library she
+     spent more time than anyone else, and more than anywhere
+     else, until her marriage. As a consequence, it is no
+     disparagement to any one else to say that during her
+     residence there she was intellectually quite the most
+     accomplished woman in Washington. Her epistolary talent was
+     famous in her generation.
+
+     Her correspondence if collected and published would prove to
+     have been not less voluminous than Mme. de Sevigne's and, in
+     point of literary art, in no particular inferior to that of
+     the famous French woman.
+
+After three or four months spent in Washington, I returned to my home in
+New York; and several years later, in the spring of 1848, suffered one
+of the severest ordeals of my life. I refer to my father's death. No
+human being ever entered eternity more beloved or esteemed than he, and
+as I look back to my life with him I realize that I was possibly more
+blessed than I deserved to be permitted to live with such a well-nigh
+perfect character and to know him familiarly. From my earliest childhood
+I was accustomed to see the sorrowing and oppressed come to him for
+advice. He was especially qualified to perform such a function owing to
+his long tenure of the office of Surrogate. Widows and orphans who could
+not afford litigation always found in him a faithful friend. With a
+capacity of feeling for the wrongs of others as keenly as though
+inflicted upon himself, his sympathy invariably assumed a practical form
+and he accordingly left behind him hosts of sorrowing and grateful
+hearts. A short time before his death I visited a dying widow, a devoted
+Roman Catholic, whom from time to time my father had assisted. When I
+was about to leave, she said: "Say to your father I hope to meet him
+among the just made perfect." This remark of a poor woman has been to me
+through all these years a greater consolation than any public tribute or
+imposing eulogy. Finely chiseled monuments and fulsome epitaphs are not
+to be compared with the benediction of grateful hearts.
+
+The funeral services were conducted, according to the custom of sixty
+years ago, by the Rev. Dr. William Adams and the Rev. Dr. Philip
+Milledoler. Members of the bar and many prominent residents of New York,
+including his two physicians, Doctors John W. Francis and Campbell F.
+Stewart, walked behind the coffin, which, by the way, was not placed in
+a hearse but was carried to the Second Street Cemetery, where his
+remains were temporarily placed. There were six clergymen present at his
+funeral--the Rev. Doctors Thomas De Witt, Thomas E. Vermilye, Philip
+Milledoler, William Adams, John Knox and George H. Fisher, all ministers
+of the Reformed Dutch Church except the Rev. Dr. Adams, the
+distinguished Presbyterian divine.
+
+I find myself almost instinctively returning to the Scott family as
+associated with the most cherished memories of some of the happiest days
+of my life. During my childhood I formed a close intimacy with Cornelia
+Scott, the second daughter of the distinguished General, which continued
+until the close of her life. When I first knew the family it made its
+winter home in New York at the American Hotel, then a fashionable
+hostelry kept by William B. Cozzens, on the corner of Barclay Street and
+Broadway. In the summer the family resided at Hampton, the old Mayo
+place near Elizabeth in New Jersey, where they kept open house. Colonel
+John Mayo of Richmond, whose daughter Maria was the wife of General
+Scott, had purchased this country seat many years before as a favor to
+his wife, Miss Abigail De Hart of New Jersey, and Mrs. Scott
+subsequently inherited it. Colonel John Mayo, who was a citizen of
+large wealth and great prominence, was so public-spirited that not long
+subsequent to the Revolutionary War, and entirely at his own expense, he
+built from his own plans a bridge across the James River at Richmond. I
+have heard Mrs. Scott graphically describe her father's trips from
+Richmond to Elizabeth in his coach-of-four with outriders and grooms,
+and his enthusiastic reception when he reached his destination.
+
+I have frequently heard it said that Mrs. Scott as a young woman refused
+the early offers of marriage from the man who eventually became her
+husband because his rank in the army was too low to suit her taste, but
+that she finally relented when he became a General. I am able to
+contradict this statement as Mrs. Scott told me with her own lips that
+she never made his acquaintance until he was a General, in spite of the
+fact that they were both natives of the same State. This did not by any
+means, however, indicate a marriage late in life, as General Scott
+became a Brigadier General on the 9th of March, 1814, when he was
+between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. In the _Sentinel_,
+published in Newark, New Jersey, on the 25th of March, 1817, the
+following marriage notice appears:
+
+     Married--at Belleville, Virginia, at the seat of Col. Mayo,
+     General Winfield Scott of the U.S. Army to Miss Maria D.
+     Mayo.
+
+Mrs. Scott's record as a belle was truly remarkable, and in the latter
+years of her life when I knew her very intimately she still retained
+traces of great beauty. Her accomplishments, too, were extraordinary for
+that period. She was not only a skilled performer upon the piano and
+harp, but also a linguist of considerable proficiency, while her grace
+of manner and brilliant powers of repartee added greatly to her social
+charms. On one occasion during Polk's administration she attended a
+levee at the White House, and as she passed down the line with the other
+guests she received an enthusiastic welcome and was soon so completely
+surrounded by an admiring throng that for a while Mrs. Polk was left
+very much to herself. It was Mrs. Scott who wrote in the album of a
+friend the verse entitled, "The Two Faults of Men." Two other verses
+were written under it several years later by the Hon. William C.
+Somerville of Maryland, at one time our Minister to Sweden, and the
+author of "Letters from Paris on the Causes and Consequences of the
+French Revolution."
+
+    Women have many faults,
+      The men have only two;
+    There's nothing right they say,
+      And nothing right they do.
+
+    _Reply_
+
+    That men are naughty rogues we know,
+      The girls are roguish, too.
+    They watch each other wondrous well
+      In everything they do.
+
+    But if we men do nothing right,
+      And never say what's true,
+    What precious fools you women are
+      To love us as you do.
+
+Many years ago General and Mrs. Scott traveled with their youthful
+family through Europe, and while at the French Capital Mrs. Scott
+attended a fancy-dress ball where she represented Pocahontas and was
+called _La belle sauvage_. I have talked to two elderly officers of our
+Army, Colonel John M. Fessenden and General John B. Magruder, the latter
+subsequently of Confederate fame, and both of them told me that at this
+entertainment she was an object of general admiration. Many years later,
+long after Mrs. Scott's death, I was visiting her daughter, Mrs. Henry
+L. Scott, for the last time at the old Elizabeth home, accompanied by my
+young daughter Maud, when the latter was invited to a fancy-dress ball
+given to children at the residence of General George Herbert Pegram. At
+first I was at my wits' end to devise a suitable gown for her to wear,
+when Mrs. Scott brought out the historic fancy dress worn by her mother
+so many years before in Paris and gave it to me. It seems almost
+needless to add that the child wore the dress, and that I have it now
+carefully put away among my treasured possessions. Many years subsequent
+to Mrs. Scott's visit to Paris, her sister, Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell of
+Richmond, published for the benefit of a charity her letters written
+from abroad to her family in Virginia, containing many interesting
+recollections of Paris.
+
+At the beginning of the Mexican War the Scotts were living in New York
+but, for a reason I do not now recall, Mrs. Scott decided to spend a
+winter during the General's absence in Philadelphia. She secured a
+portion of a furnished house at 111 South Sixth Street, and in the
+spring of 1847 I was invited to be her guest. The evening of the day of
+my arrival I attended a party at the residence of Judge John Meredith
+Read, a descendant of George Read, a Signer from Delaware. Upon the
+urgent request of Mrs. Scott I went to this entertainment entirely
+alone, as she and her daughter Cornelia were indisposed and she wished
+her household to be represented. Judge Read was a widower and some years
+later I renewed my acquaintance with him in Washington. During my visit
+in Philadelphia, Mrs. Scott was suddenly called away and hesitated about
+leaving us two young girls in the house alone, her younger daughters
+being absent at school. Finally, she made arrangements for us to spend
+the days of her absence in Burlington, New Jersey, with Miss Susan
+Wallace, a friend of hers and a niece of the Hon. William Bradford,
+Attorney-General during a portion of Washington's last administration.
+This, however, was not altogether a satisfactory arrangement for us
+young people and we became decidedly restless, but to Burlington we went
+just the same. Meanwhile, news came from Mexico of a great American
+victory and the public went wild with enthusiasm. Philadelphia made
+plans to celebrate the glad event on a certain evening, and Cornelia
+Scott and I decided to return to Philadelphia for the festivities. We
+carefully planned the trip and took as our protector a faithful colored
+man named Lee. Arabella Griffith, an adopted daughter of Miss Wallace,
+also accompanied us, and as another companion we took Mrs. Scott's pet
+dog _Gee_ whom, before the evening was over, we found to be very
+troublesome. We made the trip to Philadelphia by water and landed in an
+out-of-the-way portion of the city. Owing to the dense crowds assembled
+to view the decorations, illuminations and fireworks, we were unable to
+procure a carriage and consequently were obliged to walk, while, to cap
+the climax, in pushing through the crowd we lost Miss Griffith. General
+Scott's name was upon the lips of everyone, and his pictures were seen
+hanging from many windows; yet the daughter of the hero who was the
+cause of all the enthusiasm was a simple wayfarer, rubbing elbows with
+the multitude, unrecognized and entirely ignored. I may state, by the
+way, that Arabella Griffith subsequently became the wife of General
+Francis C. Barlow and that, while her husband was fighting the battles
+of his country during the Civil War, she did noble service in the Union
+hospitals as a member of the United States Sanitary Commission, and died
+in the summer of 1864 from a fever contracted in the hospitals of the
+Army of the Potomac.
+
+I remained in Philadelphia much longer than I had originally
+anticipated, and unexpected warm weather found me totally unprepared. I
+immediately wrote to my sister Margaret and asked her to send me some
+suitable apparel. Her letter in reply to mine, which I insert, gives
+something of an idea of New York society of that period. As she was
+quite a young girl her references to Miss Julia Gerard whom she knew
+quite well and "Old Leslie Irving," who, by the way, was only a young
+man, must be regarded merely as the silly utterances of extreme youth:--
+
+     Dear Sister,
+
+     I received your letter and as it requires an immediate
+     answer, I shall commence writing you one. I believe in my
+     last I mentioned to you that I was going to Virginia Wood's
+     [Mrs. John L. Rogers] the following evening. I went with
+     [William B.] Clerke [a young broker] and had quite a
+     pleasant time. There were two young ladies there from
+     Virginia whose names I do not know, Dr. Augustine Smith's
+     daughter, myself, Mr. Galliher, Mr. Rainsford, Mr. Bannister
+     and Mr. Pendleton [John Pendleton of Fredericksburg,
+     Virginia]. I was introduced to the latter and liked him
+     quite well. I had a long talk with him. His manners are
+     entirely too coquettish to suit me; he does nothing but
+     shrug his shoulders and roll up his eyes--perhaps it is a
+     Virginia custom. He seems to think Miss Gerard [Julia,
+     daughter of James W. Gerard] his _belle_ ideal or _beau_
+     ideal of everything lovely, etc. I told him that I thought
+     her awful, that she had such an inanimate sickly expression,
+     and I abused her at a great rate! I expect he thinks I am a
+     regular devil!
+
+     Tonight I am going to the opera. "Lucretia Borgia" is to be
+     performed. I have learned a song from Lucia. So you can
+     imagine how much the rooster has improved!
+
+     On Thursday evening I was at the Moore's [Dr. William
+     Moore]. Frank Bucknor came for me and brought me home. His
+     sister [Cornelia Bucknor, subsequently the wife of Professor
+     John Howard Van Amringe of Columbia College] was there, Beek
+     Fish [Beekman Fish], Bayard Fish, Dr. [Adolphus] Follin, old
+     Leslie Irving and Frank Van Rensselaer. Miss Moore told me
+     that May came for us that evening to go to the Academy. I am
+     dreadfully sorry that you will not be able to go to the
+     Kemble [Mrs. William Kemble] ball; they are going to have
+     it on Monday. I dare say it will be very pleasant and old
+     Chrystie will be there. Emily B. [Emily Bucknor] and Frank
+     [Bucknor] are going.
+
+     My hat has come home, and it is very pretty; it is a sherred
+     blue crape, without any ribbon--trimmed very simply with
+     blue crape and illusion mixed and the same inside.
+
+     Mrs. William Le Roy has been to see you. Ma thinks that you
+     had better come home when you first expected--on Tuesday or
+     Wednesday. I am very much disappointed that you are not here
+     to go to the Kembles as you have a dress to wear.
+
+     You can tell Adeline [Adeline Camilla Scott], if you please,
+     that Mr. Pendleton wants to know the use of sending her to
+     school when her head is filled with beaux and parties. I
+     told him her mother did it to keep her out of mischief.
+     Bucknor says he thinks it is time for you to come home. If
+     you stay much longer my spring fever will come on and I
+     shall get so many things there will be no money left for
+     you. Besides Mr. Pendleton is going to the Bucknor's some
+     day next week and I am going to get him to stop for me, and
+     if you are home I shall invite you to go along. Beek Fish
+     will be there the same evening with his flute. He told Emily
+     B. that his sister [Mrs. Thomas Pym Remington of
+     Philadelphia] had written them that you had been in
+     Philadelphia and that she was so delighted to see you.
+
+     Leslie Irving told me that he had seen a letter in the
+     Commercial Advertiser from Thomas Turner [subsequently Rear
+     Admiral Turner, U.S.N.] to Hamilton Fish. He thought of
+     sending it to you, but he thought some one else had probably
+     done so. I hear that they [the Fishes] are to have a party.
+     The Bankheads [General James Bankhead's daughters] are going
+     to spend the summer at West Point. Pa and Jim are better. Pa
+     rode out yesterday and walked out to-day. He has been in a
+     great state of excitement about General Scott. It was
+     reported two days ago that he was killed and he was afraid
+     it was true. Vera Cruz, I believe, is taken. I cannot write
+     any longer, I'm so tired. I will send Cornelia's [Cornelia
+     Scott] purse by H. Forbes [Harriet Forbes, Mrs. Colhoun of
+     Philadelphia].
+
+          M. CAMPBELL.
+
+     Saturday April 10th.
+
+     Pa thinks it is time for you to come home. Do you know of
+     any opportunity? I shall not send anything to you. You see
+     you never will take my advice in anything. I told you to
+     bring your pink dress with you but you would not. I suppose
+     I shall not hear from you again. Pa says you can do as you
+     please about staying longer.
+
+Elizabeth, New Jersey, was a quaint old town whose inhabitants seemed
+almost exclusively made up of Barbers, Ogdens and Chetwoods, with a
+sprinkling of De Harts. There was a steamboat plying between
+Elizabethport (now a part of the City of Elizabeth) and New York, and we
+were its frequent patrons. Ursino, the country seat of the Kean family,
+then as now was one of the historic places of the neighborhood. As I
+remember the beautiful old home, it was occupied by John Kean, father of
+the late senior U.S. Senator from New Jersey. At an earlier period the
+latter's great-grandfather had married Susan Livingston, a daughter of
+Peter Van Brough Livingston of New York, and resided at Ursino. After
+the death of her husband she married Count Julian Niemcewicz, who was
+called the "Shakespeare of Poland" and who came to America with
+Kosciusco, upon whose staff he had served. She was also the grandmother
+of Mrs. Hamilton Fish. Another noted estate in the same general
+neighborhood, was "Abyssinia," owned and occupied for a long period by
+the Ricketts family, whose walls were highly decorated by one of its
+artistic members. I am informed that it still stands but that it is
+used, alas, for mechanical purposes!
+
+I recall with intense pleasure another of my visits to New Jersey when I
+was a guest at the home of General and Mrs. Scott in Elizabeth. Isabella
+Cass of Detroit, daughter of General Lewis Cass, was also there at the
+same time. She attended school in Paris while her father was Minister to
+France and received other educational advantages quite unusual for women
+at that time. While residing in Washington at a subsequent period she
+was regarded as one of the reigning belles. She married a member of the
+Diplomatic Corps from the Netherlands and lived and died abroad. A
+constant visitor of the Scott family whom I recall with great pleasure
+was Thomas Turner, subsequently an Admiral in our Navy. He was a
+Virginian by birth and a near relative of General Robert E. Lee; but,
+though possessing the blood of the Carters, he remained during the Civil
+War loyal to the national flag. His wife was Frances Hailes Palmer of
+"Abyssinia."
+
+Still another guest of the Scotts in Elizabeth was the erratic but
+decidedly brilliant Doctor William Starbuck Mayo. Although Mrs. Scott
+was a Mayo, they were not related. He was from the northern part of the
+State of New York, while Mrs. Scott, as is well known, was from
+Virginia. Doctor Mayo, however, was an ardent admirer of Mrs. Scott and
+made the fact apparent in much that he said and did. He was the author
+of several works, one of which was a romance entitled "Kaloolah," which
+he dedicated to Mrs. Scott. When I met him in Washington he was on his
+first bridal tour, although pretty well advanced in years. His bride was
+Mrs. Henry Dudley of New York, whose maiden name was Helen Stuyvesant.
+She was the daughter of Nicholas William Stuyvesant and one of the heirs
+of the large estate of Peter G. Stuyvesant. During Van Buren's
+administration, Doctor Mayo was a social light in Washington.
+
+There was another Dr. Mayo--Robert Mayo of Richmond--who, in some
+respects, created a temporary commotion in public life in Washington and
+elsewhere. He was a Virginian by birth, and at one time figured
+prominently as a politician. He engaged in the presidential campaign of
+1828 as an ardent partisan of General Jackson and during that period
+edited in Richmond the _Jackson Democrat_. He subsequently, however,
+parted company with his presidential idol, and in 1839 published a
+volume entitled, "Political Sketches of Eight Years in Washington,"
+which is almost exclusively devoted to an arraignment of General
+Jackson's administration. In an original letter now before me, written
+by Martin Van Buren to Governor William C. Bouck, of New York, which has
+never before appeared in print, he speaks in an amusing manner of Dr.
+Mayo. I insert the whole letter, as his allusions to General Jackson are
+of exceptional interest. No one can well deny that the parting
+admonition of Polonius to his son Laertes is a masterpiece of human
+wisdom, but this letter of the "Sage of Lindenwald" to Governor Bouck
+reveals ability by no means inferior to that of this wise councilor of
+Denmark.
+
+     [EX-PRESIDENT VAN BUREN TO GOV. WILLIAM C. BOUCK OF N.Y.]
+
+     Confidential.
+
+     Lindenwald,
+     Jan^y. 17th 1843.
+
+     My dear Sir,
+
+     I embrace the occasion of a short visit of my son Major Van
+     Buren to Albany before he goes South to drop you a few
+     lines. Although I have not admitted it in my conversations
+     with those who are given to croaking, and thus alarm our
+     friends, I have nevertheless witnessed with the keenest
+     regret the distractions among our friends at Albany; & more
+     particularly in relation to the state printing. It is
+     certainly a lamentable winding up of a great contest
+     admirably conducted &, as we supposed, gloriously
+     terminated. Without undertaking to decide who is right or
+     who is wrong, and much less to take any part in the
+     unfortunate controversy, I cannot but experience great pain
+     from the eying of so bitter a controversy in the face of the
+     enemy among those who once acted together so honorably & so
+     usefully, and for all of whom I have so much reason to
+     cherish feelings of respect & regard. Permit me to make one
+     suggestion, & that relates to the importance of a speedy
+     decision, one way or the other. Nothing is so injurious in
+     such cases as delay. It is almost better to decide wrong
+     than to protract the contest. Every day makes new enemies &
+     increases the animosities of those who have already become
+     so, & extends them to other subjects; and yet nothing is so
+     natural as to desire to put off the decision of
+     controversies among friends. Most happy would I be to find
+     that you had been able to mitigate, if not altogether to
+     obviate, existing difficulties by providing places for one
+     or more of the competitors in other branches of the public
+     service to which they are adapted & with which they would be
+     as well satisfied.
+
+     It has afforded me unfeigned satisfaction to learn, as I do
+     from all quarters, that you keep your own secrets in regard
+     to appointments, & don't feed every body with promises or
+     what they construe into promises--a practice which so many
+     public men are apt to fall into, & by which they make
+     themselves more trouble & subject themselves to more
+     discredit than they dream of. Persevere in that course,
+     consider carefully every case & make the selection which
+     your own unbiassed judgment designates as the best, & above
+     all let the people see as clear as day that you do not yield
+     yourself to, or make battle against, any cliques or sections
+     of the party, but act in good faith and to the best of your
+     ability for the good of the whole, and you may be assured
+     that the personal discontents which you would to some extent
+     occasion, if you had the wisdom of Solomon & were pure as an
+     angel, will do you no harm & be exceedingly evanescent in
+     their duration. The Democratic is a reasonable & a just
+     party & more than half of the business is done when they are
+     satisfied that the man they have elected means to do right.
+     The difficulty with a new administration is in the
+     beginning. At the start little matters may create a distrust
+     which it will take a series of good acts to remove. But once
+     a favourable impression is made & the people become
+     satisfied that the right thing is intended, it takes great
+     errors, often repeated, to create a counter current. Will
+     you excuse me if, from a sincere desire for your success, I
+     go farther & touch upon matters not political, or at least
+     not wholly so? Your situation of course excites envy &
+     jealousy on the part of some. It is impossible from the
+     character of man that it should be otherwise, bear yourself
+     ever so meekly & you cannot avoid it. There will therefore
+     in Albany, as well as elsewhere, be people who will make ill
+     natured remarks & there will be still more who will make it
+     their business, in the hope of benefitting themselves, to
+     bring you exaggerated accounts of what is said, and if they
+     lack materials they will tell you, if they find that you
+     like to listen to small things, a great deal that never has
+     been said. It is my deliberate opinion that these
+     mischievous gossips cause public men more vexation, yes, ten
+     fold, than all the cares & anxieties of office taken
+     together. I have seen perhaps as much of this as any man of
+     my age, & claim to be a competent judge of the evil & its
+     remedies. The greatest fault I ever saw in our excellent
+     friend Gen^l. Jackson, was the facility with which (in
+     carrying out his general principle that it was the duty of
+     the President to hear all) he leant his ear, though not his
+     confidence, to such people. Though very sagacious & very apt
+     to put the right construction upon all such revelations, it
+     was still evident that he was every day more or less annoyed
+     by them. I endeavored to satisfy him of the expediency of
+     shutting their mouths, but did not succeed, & I am as sure
+     as I can be of any such thing that if the truth could be
+     known it would appear that he had experienced more annoyance
+     from such sources than from all the severe trials through
+     which he had to pass & did pass with such unfading glory.
+     Having his case before me, I determined to profit by the
+     experience I had acquired in so good a school. I had no
+     sooner taken possession of the White House than I was beset
+     by these harpies. The way in which I treated the whole crew,
+     with variations of course according to circumstances, will
+     appear from the following dialogue in a single case. The
+     celebrated Dr. Mayo called upon me & in his stuttering &
+     mysterious way commenced by asking when he could have a few
+     minutes very private conversation with me. Knowing the man,
+     I anticipated his business & told him now, I will hear you
+     now. He then told me he had discovered a conspiracy to
+     destroy me politically the particulars of which he felt it
+     to be his duty to lay before [me]. I replied instantly, &
+     somewhat sternly, Dr., I do not wish to hear them. I have
+     irrefragable proof, he replied. I don't care, was the
+     response. It is in writing, Sir, said he. I won't look at
+     it, Sir. What, said he, don't you want to see it if it is in
+     writing & genuine? An emphatic No, Sir, closed the
+     conversation. The Dr. raised his eyes and hands as if he
+     thought me demented, & making a low bow & ejaculating a long
+     Hah-hah retreated for the door. The story about the Dr. got
+     out and, partly by mine & I believe in part also by his
+     means, & alarmed all the story tellers who heard of it. A
+     few repetitions of the same dose to others impressed the
+     whole crew with a conviction that nothing was to be gained
+     by bringing such reports to me. The consequence was that
+     although Washington is perhaps the most gossiping place in
+     the world, I escaped its contamination altogether, and had
+     no trouble except such as unavoidably grew out of my public
+     duties; and although I had perhaps a more vexatious time
+     than any of my predecessors in that respect I was the only
+     man, they all say, who grew fat in that office.
+
+     I was happy to learn from my son John by a letter received
+     yesterday the high opinion he entertains of your discreet &
+     honorable bearing in the midst of the difficulties by which
+     you are beset. I hope he & Smith, [another son of Martin Van
+     Buren], exercise the discretion by which their course has
+     heretofore been governed, in meddling as little with things
+     political that do not belong to them as possible. They know
+     that such is my wish, as any contest there must necessarily
+     be more or less between my friends; and I shall be obliged
+     to you to give them from time to time such advice upon the
+     subject as you may think proper. Be assured that they will
+     take it in good part. You may, if you please, at your
+     convenience, return me the suggestions I sent you, as I may
+     have occasion to weave some parts of them into letters that
+     I am frequently obliged to write; the rough draft was made
+     with a pencil & is now illegible. Be assured that your not
+     using them occasioned me no mortification, as I before told
+     you it would not. You had a nearer & could take a safer view
+     of things than myself. Don't trouble yourself to answer this
+     letter as it requires none; only excuse me for writing you
+     one so unmercifully long.
+
+     Remember me kindly to Mrs. Bouck, & believe me to be
+
+          Very sincerely your friend,
+
+               M. VAN BUREN.
+
+     His Excellency,
+     Wm. C. Bouck.
+
+In 1850 General and Mrs. Scott moved to Washington and Hampton was
+closed for many years. They lived in one of the houses built by Count De
+Menou, French Minister to this country from 1822 to 1824, on H Street,
+between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, on the present site of the
+Epiphany Parish House. These residences were commonly called the "chain
+buildings," owing to the fact that their fences were made almost
+entirely of iron chains. Two of them, thrown into one, were occupied by
+the Scotts and were owned by my father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+senior. In the third, the property of Mrs. Beverly Kennon, lived the
+venerable Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and her only daughter, Mrs. Hamilton
+Holly.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+SOCIAL LEADERS IN WASHINGTON LIFE
+
+
+I passed many delightful hours in the Washington home of General Scott
+and had a standing invitation to come and go as I pleased. Upon his
+return from the war with Mexico, crowned with the laurels of victory, he
+immediately became one of the most prominent lions of the day. He had
+successfully invaded a practically unknown country reeking with the
+terrible _vomito_, a disease upon which the Mexicans relied to kill
+their foes more expeditiously than ammunition, and had well earned for
+himself the plaudits of a grateful country. I distinctly remember that
+he received flattering letters from the Duke of Wellington and other
+distinguished foreigners congratulating him upon his military success.
+His headquarters were now established in Washington, and his house
+became one of the most prominent social centers of the National Capital.
+About this time Mrs. Scott was much in New York, where her third
+daughter, Marcella, subsequently Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish, was
+attending school, and consequently her daughter Cornelia, who not long
+before had married her father's aide, Henry Lee Scott of North Carolina,
+was virtually mistress of the establishment. Mrs. Henry Lee Scott's
+social sway in Washington was almost unprecedented. She was as grand in
+appearance as she was in character, and during one of her visits to Rome
+she sat for a distinguished artist as a model for his pictures of the
+Madonna. General Scott seemed to derive much pleasure and satisfaction
+from the society of his former companions in arms, who were always
+welcomed to his hospitable board. Among those I especially recall were
+Colonels John Abert, Roger Jones, William Turnbull and Ichabod B. Crane,
+whose son, Dr. Charles H. Crane, later became Surgeon General of the
+Army. These occasions were especially delightful to me as a young woman,
+and I always regarded it as an exceptional privilege to be present.
+
+The Whig party meanwhile nominated General Scott for the presidency. The
+opposing candidate was Franklin Pierce. One day during the campaign
+Scott, in replying to a note addressed to him by William L. Marcy,
+Secretary of War in Polk's cabinet, began his note: "After a hasty plate
+of soup"--supposing that his note would be regarded as personal. Marcy,
+who was a keen political foe, was too astute a politician, however, not
+to take advantage of the chance to make Scott appear ridiculous. He
+classified the note as official, and the whole country soon resounded
+with it. I saw General Scott when he returned from his Mexican campaign,
+covered with glory, to confront his political enemies at home, and I was
+also with him in 1852 when the announcement arrived that he had been
+defeated as a presidential candidate. Were I called upon to decide in
+which character he appeared to the greater advantage, that of the victor
+or the vanquished, I should unhesitatingly give my verdict to the
+latter. There was a grandeur in his bearing under the adverse
+circumstances with which the success and glamour of arms could not
+compare.
+
+The Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, the beloved rector of St. John's Episcopal
+Church, often mingled with the distinguished guests gathered at the
+residence of General Scott. He was full of life and fun and good cheer
+and would even dare, when occasion offered, to aim his jokes and puns at
+General Scott himself. At one of the General's dinners, for example,
+while the soup was being served, he addressed him as "Marshal
+_Turenne_." It is said that upon one occasion, when the good rector
+failed by polite efforts to dismiss a book-agent, he was regretfully
+compelled to order him from his house. "Your cloth protects you," said
+the offended agent. "The cloth protects _you_," replied Dr. Pyne, "and
+it will not protect you long if you do not leave this instant." In spite
+of this incident, it was well known that the Doctor had a tender and
+sympathetic nature. After he had officiated at the funerals of his
+parishioners it is said that his wife was frequently compelled to exert
+all her efforts to arouse him from his depression. About this same
+period, Ole Bull, the great Norwegian violinist who was second only to
+Paganini, was receiving an enthusiastic reception from audiences
+"panting for the music which is divine." Upon this particular evening
+Dr. Pyne sat next to me, when he suddenly exclaimed: "If honorary
+degrees were conferred upon musicians, Ole Bull would be Fiddle D.D." At
+another time, when Dr. Edward Maynard, a well-known Washington dentist,
+was remodeling his residence on Pennsylvania Avenue, now a portion of
+the Columbia Hospital, Dr. Pyne was asked to what order of architecture
+it belonged and replied: "_Tusk-can_, I suppose,"--a pretty poor pun,
+but no worse, perhaps, than most of those one hears nowadays. The Rev.
+Dr. Pyne performed the marriage ceremony, at the "chain buildings," of
+General Scott's second daughter, Adeline Camilla, and Goold Hoyt of New
+York. It was a quiet wedding and only the members of the family were
+present. I remember the bride as one of the most beautiful women I have
+ever known; her face reminded me of a Roman cameo.
+
+General Scott was something of an epicure. I have seen him sit down to a
+meal where jowl was the principal dish, and have heard his exclamation
+of appreciation caused in part, possibly, by his recollection of similar
+fare in other days in Virginia. He did the family marketing personally,
+and was very discriminating in his selection of food. Terrapin, which
+he insisted upon pronouncing t_a_rrapin, was his favorite dish, and he
+would order oysters by the barrel from Norfolk. On one occasion he
+attended a banquet where all the States of the Union were represented by
+a dish in some way characteristic of each commonwealth. Pennsylvania was
+represented by a bowl of sauer-kraut; and in speaking of the fact the
+next morning the General remarked: "I partook of it with tears in my
+eyes."
+
+New Year's day in Washington was a festive occasion, especially in the
+home where I was a guest. General and Mrs. Scott kept open house and of
+course most of the Army officers stationed in Washington, and some from
+the Navy, called to pay their respects. All appeared in full-dress
+uniform, and a bountiful collation was served. I was present at several
+of these receptions and recall that after the festivities of the day
+were nearly over General Scott, who of course had paid his respects to
+the President earlier in the day, always called upon two venerable
+women--Mrs. "Dolly" Madison, who then lived in the house now occupied by
+the Cosmos Club, and Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, his next door neighbor.
+During the winter of 1850, which I spent with the Scotts, I participated
+with them in the various social enjoyments of the season.
+
+Early in the month of January, 1851, and not long after the
+re-assembling of Congress, that genial gentleman, William W. Corcoran,
+gave his annual ball to both Houses of Congress, and it was in many ways
+a notable entertainment. As this was long previous to the erection of
+his public art gallery, his house was filled with many paintings and
+pieces of statuary. Powers's "Greek slave," which now occupies a
+conspicuous place in the Corcoran Art Gallery, stood in the
+drawing-room. General Scott did not care especially for large evening
+entertainments, but he always attended those of Mr. Corcoran. In this
+instance I was the only member of the household who accompanied him,
+and the ovation that awaited his arrival was enthusiastic; and as I
+entered the ballroom with him I received my full share of attention.
+Among the prominent guests was General "Sam" Houston, arrayed in his
+blue coat, brass buttons and ruffled shirt. His appearance was patrician
+and his courtesy that of the inborn gentleman. I once laughingly
+remarked to General Scott that General Houston in some ways always
+recalled to me the personal appearance of General Washington. His
+facetious rejoinder was: "Was ever the Father of his Country so
+defamed?" I met at this entertainment for the first time Charles Sumner,
+who had but recently taken his seat in the U.S. Senate and of whom I
+shall speak hereafter. Caleb Cushing was also there, and Cornelia Marcy,
+the beautiful daughter of William L. Marcy, was one of the belles of the
+ball. I have stated that General Scott did not generally attend evening
+entertainments; in his own way, however, he took great interest in all
+social events, and upon my return from parties, sometimes at a very late
+hour, I have often found him awaiting my account of what had transpired.
+
+I have spoken of General Houston's appearance. I now wish to refer to
+his fine sense of honor. He was married on the 22d of January, 1829, to
+Miss Eliza Allen, daughter of Colonel John Allen, from near Gallatin,
+the county town of Sumner county in Tennessee, and separated from her
+directly after the marriage ceremony under, as is said, the most painful
+circumstances. The wedding guests had departed and General Houston and
+his bride were sitting alone by the fire, when he suddenly discovered
+that she was weeping. He asked the cause of her tears and was told by
+her that she had never loved him and never could, but had married him
+solely to please her father. "I love Doctor Douglas," she added, "but I
+will try my best and be a dutiful wife to you." "Miss," said Governor
+Houston, even waiving the fact that he had just married her, "no white
+woman shall be my slave; good-night." It is said that he mounted his
+horse and rode to Nashville where he resigned at once his office as
+Governor and departed for the Cherokee country, where and elsewhere his
+subsequent career is well known. Having procured a divorce from his
+wife, he married Margaret Moffette in the spring of 1840.
+
+During the same winter I attended a party given by Mrs. Clement C. Hill,
+as a "house-warming," at her residence on H Street. Many years later
+George Bancroft, the historian, occupied this residence and it is still
+called the "Bancroft house." Mr. Hill was a member of a prominent
+Maryland family which owned large estates in Prince George County, and
+his wife was recognized as one of the social leaders in Washington.
+
+Another ball which I recall, which I attended in company with the
+Scotts, was given by Colonel and Mrs. William G. Freeman at their
+residence on F Street, near Thirteenth Street, the former of whom was at
+one time Chief of Staff to General Scott. I well remember that General
+Scott accompanied his daughter and me and that he wore at the time the
+full-dress uniform of his high rank. As he measured six feet four in his
+stocking-feet, the imposing nature of his appearance cannot well be
+described. Mrs. Freeman, whose maiden name was Margaret Coleman, was one
+of the joint owners of the Cornwall coal mines in Pennsylvania. Her
+sister, Miss Sarah Coleman, shared her house for many years, and old
+Washingtonians remember her as the "Lady Bountiful" whose whole life was
+devoted to good works. Colonel and Mrs. Freeman's two daughters, Miss
+Isabel Freeman and Mrs. Benjamin F. Buckingham, still reside in
+Washington.
+
+The first guest whom I recall at this ball was the sprightly Mary Louisa
+Adams. She made her home with her grandfather, John Quincy Adams, who
+lived in one of the two white houses on F Street, between Thirteenth
+and Fourteenth Streets, now called the "Adams house." She was the
+venerable ex-President's principal heir, and subsequently married her
+relative, William Clarkson Johnson of Utica. George B. McClellan was
+also a guest at this entertainment as one of the young beaux. His
+presence made an indelible impression upon my memory as I was dancing a
+cotillion with him when, to my nervous horror, the pictures in the
+ballroom began to spin and I made myself conspicuous by nearly fainting.
+I did not, however, lose consciousness like the heroines of the old
+tragedies, and was conducted to a retired seat where, at the request of
+General Scott, I was attended by Dr. Richard Henry Coolidge, Surgeon in
+the Army, who was also a guest. General Scott's admiration for this
+distinguished gentleman, personally as well as professionally, was very
+great. I have often heard the General say that Dr. Coolidge not only
+prescribed for the physical condition of his patients but also by the
+example of his Christian character elevated their moral tone. He
+concluded his eulogy with the words: "Dr. Coolidge walks humbly before
+his God." His widow, Mrs. Harriet Morris Coolidge, daughter of Commodore
+Charles Morris, U.S.N., one of the distinguished heroes of the War of
+1812, is still living in Washington. I occasionally see her in her
+pleasant home on L Street where she welcomes a large circle of friends,
+giving one amid her pleasant surroundings a pleasing picture of a serene
+old age.
+
+During my many visits to the Scott household after the Mexican War, I
+always occupied a comfortable brass camp bedstead which had formerly
+belonged to the Mexican General, Santa Anna. It seems that just after
+the battle of Cerro Gordo this warrior made a hasty flight, leaving
+behind him his camp furniture and even, it is said, his wooden leg. This
+bedstead was captured as a trophy of war, and finally came into General
+Scott's possession. The memory of this man's brutal deeds, however,
+never disturbed my midnight repose. Texas history tells the story of the
+Alamo and of the six brave men there put to death by his orders,
+suggesting in a certain degree the atrocities of the Duke of Cumberland
+of which I have already spoken. Santa Anna, however, had Indian blood in
+his veins--an extenuating circumstance that cannot be offered in defense
+of the "Butcher of Culloden."
+
+There was always more or less gossip afloat concerning the alleged
+strained relations existing between General and Mrs. Scott, owing
+largely to the fact that the conditions attending and surrounding their
+respective lives were fundamentally different and often misunderstood.
+General Scott was a born commander while _Madame la General_ from her
+earliest life had had the world at her feet. Such a combination
+naturally resulted in an occasional discordant note, which unfortunately
+was usually sounded in public. Their private life, however, was serene,
+and they were invariably loyal to each other's interests. When Mrs.
+Scott, for example, learned that James Lyon of Richmond, an intimate
+friend of the General and herself and a trustee for certain of her
+property, had, although a Whig, voted against her husband when a
+presidential candidate, she at once revoked his trusteeship. At another
+time she wrote some attractive lines which she feelingly dedicated to
+her husband.
+
+I recall an amusing incident related by General Scott just after a
+journey to Virginia that well illustrates the exigencies that awaited
+persons traveling in those days in carriages. For a brief period before
+the inauguration of President Harrison, General Scott was in Richmond,
+and in due time, as he thought, started for the station to catch a train
+for Washington to be present when the President-elect should take his
+oath of office. He missed the train, however, and immediately secured a
+carriage to convey him to Washington, as his presence there was
+imperative; but after a hard day's journey the horses could go no
+further, and he was obliged to seek shelter for the night. Stopping at a
+house near the roadside and inquiring whether he could be accommodated,
+he was told that there was but one vacant room and that it had been
+engaged some days in advance by a German butcher, accompanied by his
+wife and daughter. This party meanwhile arrived and upon being informed
+of General Scott's predicament generously offered to share the room with
+him. It was arranged that the women should occupy one of the beds and
+General Scott and the butcher the other. The women, after retiring
+early, gave the signal, "All right," when the men took possession of the
+second bed. After some pretty fast traveling the next morning, General
+Scott reached his destination. While he was relating this laughable
+experience to us some years later, I inquired whether he had enjoyed a
+comfortable rest. "No," was his emphatic response, "the butcher snored
+the whole night." During this visit to Richmond, General Scott was
+invited by an old friend to accompany her and her two sisters to a Roman
+Catholic church to hear some fine music. Upon arriving at the door they
+were met by the sexton, who, somewhat flurried by seeing General Scott,
+announced in stentorian tones the advent of the strangers--"three cheers
+(chairs) for the Protestant ladies."
+
+[Illustration: BRIGADIER GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT, U.S.A., BY INGHAM.
+
+_The original portrait was burned many years ago_.]
+
+While I am relating Scott anecdotes, I must not omit to speak of an
+amusing experience the old General was fond of relating which occurred
+while he was traveling in the West. In his official capacity he was a
+sojourner for a short period in Cincinnati, and, upon leaving that now
+prosperous city, he directed that P.P.C. cards be sent to all persons
+who had called upon him. It seems that the social _convenances_ had not
+yet dawned upon this city, now the abode of arts and sciences, as the
+town wiseacre, learned in many things as well as social lore, was
+called upon for an elucidation of the three mysterious letters.
+Apparently he was not as able an exponent as was Daniel at Balshazzar's
+feast, who so readily deciphered "the handwriting on the wall." He
+construed the letters to signify _pour prendre cafe_, an invitation
+which was gladly accepted, much to General Scott's astonishment, who
+decided then and there to confine himself in future to plain English.
+
+The charming old resident society predominated in those days in the
+District of Columbia, and wealth was not a controlling influence in
+social life. The condition of society was, therefore, different from
+that of to-day, when apparently the
+
+    ... strongest castle, tower or town,
+    The golden bullet beateth down.
+
+The old Washingtonians are now sometimes designated as "cave dwellers,"
+and, generally speaking, the public bows to the golden calf. The term
+"old Washingtonians," as now used, applies to residents descended from
+the original settlers of Maryland and Virginia, as well as to
+Presidential families and the representatives of Army and Navy officers
+of earlier days. Their social code is, in some respects, entirely
+different and distinct from that of any other city, and was formed many
+decades ago by the ancestors of the "cave dwellers," who were so
+peculiarly versed in the varied requirements and adornments of social
+life that to-day no radical innovations are acceptable to their
+descendants.
+
+Speaking of the Army and Navy, I am reminded of an amusing anecdote
+which has been generally circulated regarding the wife of a wealthy
+manufacturer from a small western town who, after building a handsome
+home in the heart of a fashionable section of the city, announced that
+her visiting list was growing so large that she must in some way reduce
+it and that she had decided to "draw it" on the Army and Navy. It seems
+almost needless to say that this remark created much unfavorable
+comment, as Washington is especially proud of the Army and Navy officers
+she has nurtured.
+
+Among the families who were socially prominent at the National Capital
+when I first knew it, were the Seatons, Gales, Lees, Freemans, Carrolls,
+Turnbulls, Hagners, Tayloes, Ramsays, Millers, Hills, Gouverneurs,
+Maynadiers, Grahams, Woodhulls, Jesups, Watsons, Nicholsons,
+Warringtons, Aberts, Worthingtons, Randolphs, Wilkes, Wainwrights, Roger
+Jones, Pearsons, McBlairs, Farleys, Cutts, Walter Jones, Porters,
+Emorys, Woodburys, Dickens, Pleasantons, McCauleys, and Mays.
+
+I often recall with pleasure the days spent by me at Brentwood, a fine
+old country seat near Washington, and picture to my mind those forms of
+"life and light" arrayed in the charms of simplicity which were there
+portrayed. The far West had not then poured its coffers into the
+National Capital, and the mining element of California was then unknown.
+It is true that Washington, with its unpaved streets and poorly lighted
+thoroughfares, was then in a primitive condition, but it is just as true
+that its social tone has never been surpassed. Brentwood was the
+residence of Mrs. Joseph Pearson, who dispensed its hospitalities with
+ease and elegance. For many years it was a social _El Dorado_, where
+resident society and distinguished strangers were always welcome.
+Although it was then remote from the heart of the city, most of its
+numerous visitors were inclined to linger, once within its walls, to
+enjoy the charmed circle which surrounded the Pearson family. Both the
+daughters of this house, Eliza, who married Carlisle P. Patterson,
+Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey, and Josephine, who became the
+wife of Peter Augustus Jay of New York, were Washington beauties. Their
+social arena, however, was not confined to this city, as they made
+frequent visits to New York, where they were regarded as great belles.
+Christine Kean, an old friend of mine who was a younger sister of Mrs.
+Hamilton Fish, both of whom were daughters of Peter Philip James Kean of
+New Jersey, was intimate with the "Pearson girls," and made frequent
+visits to Brentwood, where she shared in their social reign. Christine
+Kean married William Preston Griffin, a naval officer from Virginia, who
+survived their marriage for only a few years. I was accustomed to call
+her "sunshine" as she carried joy and gladness to every threshold she
+crossed. She was superintendent of nurses in the sanitary corps during
+the Civil War, and as such rendered conspicuous service in the State of
+Virginia. She still resides in New York, admired and beloved by a large
+circle of friends, and those charming traits of character which have
+always made her so universally beloved are now hallowing the declining
+years of her life.
+
+I often met Joseph C. G. Kennedy at General Scott's, usually called
+"Census" Kennedy. One day we were shocked to learn that Solon Borland,
+U.S. Senator from Arkansas, standing high in political circles but
+called by General Scott "a western ruffian," had assaulted Mr. Kennedy
+and broken his nose. I knew both Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy in after life. He
+was a gentleman of the old school, beloved and respected by everyone.
+His death in 1887 was a shocking tragedy. A lunatic with a fancied
+grievance met him on the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth
+Street, and stabbed him. Mr. Kennedy was a grandson of Andrew Ellicott,
+who, his descendants claim, conceived the original plans of the city of
+Washington instead of Pierre Charles l'Enfant, to whom they are
+generally attributed.
+
+While visiting in Washington I had the pleasure of renewing my
+acquaintance with Isaac Hull Adams of the Coast Survey. He was a
+bachelor, and his sister, Miss Elizabeth Combs Adams, always lived with
+him. They were children of Judge Thomas Boylston Adams, a son of
+President John Adams, and resided in the old Adams homestead in Quincy,
+Massachusetts. I had originally known both of them in earlier life in
+New York, and it was a sincere pleasure to meet them again. Miss Adams
+was a generous and broad-minded woman who inherited the intellectuality
+of her ancestors. Her reminiscences of the White House during the Monroe
+administration, when her uncle, John Quincy Adams, was Secretary of
+State, were of the deepest interest. She also loved to dwell upon the
+days of the administration which followed, when she was a constant
+visitor at the White House as the guest of her uncle, the President. I
+called upon her a few years ago in Quincy, while I was visiting in
+Boston, and found her living quietly in the old home, surrounded by her
+many household gods. She died soon after I saw her, but the memory of
+her friendship is enduring.
+
+Before making my visit to Quincy I wrote to Miss Adams asking her
+whether she was equal to seeing me. She was then nearly ninety-two years
+old, having been born on the 9th of February, 1808. In a few days I
+received the following letter from her own pen:
+
+    21 ELM STREET, QUINCY, MASS., November 16, 1899.
+
+    My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+    I was very glad to receive your note saying that you would
+    come to see us in a few days. I am a very poor writer, not
+    holding the old pen of the "ready writer," and my brother
+    Isaac Hull is a great invalid and not able to get about, so
+    lame.
+
+    I began two or three notes to you but my fingers are so stiff
+    I do not hold the pen, but wish to tell you that we shall be
+    glad to see you. We are both tired of being invalids. We do
+    not forget good old times far back in the century. The steam
+    cars leave Boston at the South Station. I think I sent you a
+    letter yesterday, but if you fail to get it, I shall be very
+    sorry.
+
+    I have so many letters to write and can but just keep the pen
+    going. It is a lovely day, but I never go out now and Isaac
+    Hull is suffering all sorts of pains. Comes down when he can.
+    Sorry to send such a poor sample. I have not been at Jamaica
+    Plain for two years.
+
+    We live in the oldest house and are the oldest couple in "all
+    Connecticut," as Hull used to sing.
+
+         Very truly yours,
+
+              E. C. ADAMS.
+
+    As I say, the very oldest and the head of five generations. I
+    am so forgetful.
+
+"Hull" Adams, as he was generally called, had a fine tenor voice and I
+have frequently heard him sing in duet with Archibald Campbell, who sang
+bass. Adams and Campbell were lifelong friends and were fellow students
+at West Point. The latter was graduated from West Point in 1835 and
+resigned from the Army in 1838. He subsequently became a civil engineer
+and was a Commissioner to establish the boundaries between the United
+States and Canada. His wife was Miss Mary Williamson Harod of New
+Orleans, and a niece of Judge Thomas B. Adams. Her father, Charles
+Harod, who was president of the Atchafalaya Bank of New Orleans, was an
+aide-de-camp to General Jackson at the battle of New Orleans and, with
+Commodore Daniel T. Patterson in command of our naval forces, met and
+arranged with the pirate Jean Lafitte to bring in his men to fight on
+the American side. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were lifelong residents of the
+District, where she is especially remembered for her many pleasing
+traits. Their son, Charles H. Campbell, still resides in Washington and
+married a daughter of the late Admiral David D. Porter, U.S.N. For many
+years, the Archibald Campbells lived on H Street in a house which is now
+a portion of The Milton.
+
+I remember when Commander Matthew F. Maury, U.S.N., the distinguished
+author of "The Geography of the Sea," was stationed in the old Naval
+Observatory and preparing those charts of the ocean which so gladdened
+the hearts of mariners, quite unconscious meanwhile of the sensational
+career which awaited him. He and Mrs. Maury resided in Washington and,
+aided by their daughters, dispensed a lavish hospitality. A few years
+later, however, when Virginia seceded from the Union, Maury resigned
+from the Navy and linked his destiny with his native State. I learned
+much of his subsequent career from General John Bankhead Magruder, a
+distant relative of my husband, who also resigned from the service and
+espoused the Southern cause. At the time of General Lee's surrender,
+Maury was in England and the following May sailed for St. Thomas, where
+he heard of Lincoln's assassination. He then went to Havana, whence he
+sent his son to Virginia, and took passage for Mexico. He had approved
+of the efforts of the Archduke Maximilian to establish his empire in
+America and had already written him a letter expressive of his sympathy.
+Without waiting, however, for a reply he followed his letter, and upon
+his arrival in Mexico in June was warmly welcomed by Maximilian, by whom
+he was asked to accept a place in his Ministry; but the flattering offer
+was declined and in its place he received an appointment as Director of
+the Imperial Observatory. It seems superfluous to add what everyone
+knows, or ought to know, that Maury was a Christian gentleman of rare
+accomplishments and one of the most proficient scientists of his day.
+
+General Magruder was with Maury when they learned of Lincoln's
+assassination, and accompanied him to Mexico, where he served as Major
+General in Maximilian's army until the downfall of the usurping Emperor.
+In referring to his experiences in Mexico he dwelt with much emphasis
+upon the Empress Carlota and her interesting personality. He described
+her as especially kind and sympathetic and as treating Maury and himself
+with distinguished consideration at her court. This pleasing
+experience, however, was not of long duration. A cloud hung over the
+Mexican throne and it became apparent that Maximilian's reign was
+drawing to a close. Realizing this state of affairs, Magruder and Maury
+left Mexico, the former returning to the United States while the latter
+sailed for Europe. The Empress Carlota returned to Austria, leaving
+Maximilian to fight alone a hopeless cause. Louis Napoleon's vision of
+an European Empire on American soil soon vanished, and Maximilian's
+tragic death and Carlota's subsequent derangement caused a throb of
+sympathy which was felt throughout the civilized world.
+
+During the Mexican War, General Magruder, though a good officer and one
+of the bravest and most chivalrous of men, never lost sight of his
+position in the _beau monde_. He never went into battle, however
+pressing the emergency, without first brushing his hair well, smoothing
+his mustache and arranging his toggery after the latest and most
+approved style. Often during the rage of the battle, while the shot were
+raining around him like hail and his men and horses and guns were
+exposed to a destructive and merciless fire, he would stand up with his
+tall, straight figure in full view of the Mexicans and, assuming the
+most impressive and fashionable attitudes, would eye the enemy through
+his glass with all the coolness and grace suited to a glance through an
+opera glass at a beautiful woman in an opposite box. I have always heard
+that he could not be provoked by any circumstances to commit an impolite
+or an ungenteel act. But he came very near forfeiting his reputation in
+this respect at the battle of Contreras. Upon being ordered to take a
+certain position with his battery, he found himself exposed to a
+terrible fire from the enemy's big guns. In the midst of this hot fire,
+an aide of one of the generals, from whom Magruder had not received his
+order to occupy this position, rode up to the gallant officer and told
+him that he had orders for him from General ----. "But, my dear fellow,"
+interrupted the polite Captain, "you must dismount and take a glass of
+wine with me; do--I have some excellent old Madeira." The aide
+dismounted and the wine was hastily drunk by the impatient young
+Lieutenant, who did not enjoy it very much as there was a constant fire
+of grape and canister rattling about them all the time. But Captain
+Magruder desired very much to have a little agreeable chat over his
+wine, as, he remarked, it was no use popping away with his diminutive
+pieces against the heavy guns of the enemy. "But I am ordered by General
+---- to direct you to fall back, abandon your position, and shelter your
+pieces," was the impatient response. "My dear fellow," replied the
+Captain, "do take another sip of that wine--it is delicious!" "But you
+are ordered by General ---- to retire, Captain; and you are being cut
+up." "Much obliged to you, my dear friend, but if you will only make
+yourself comfortable for a few minutes, I will get some sardines and
+crackers." "I must go," impatiently remarked the Lieutenant, mounting
+his horse; "what shall I report to the General?" "Well, my dear fellow,
+if you are determined to go, please present my compliments to General
+---- and tell him that, owing to a previous engagement with General
+----, I am under the necessity of informing him that before I leave this
+spot I will see him in the neighborhood of a certain gentleman whose
+name is not to be mentioned in polite society." So, at all events, goes
+the story, and I presume we may believe as much or as little of it as we
+please.
+
+General Magruder, while our guest in our country home near Frederick, in
+Maryland, related to me many interesting incidents connected with
+Maury's career. The General seemed to possess an unusual appreciation of
+the good things of life and told me with much gusto about the numerous
+delicacies with which Mexico abounded. His descriptions served to
+recall to my mind the fact that when he was in our regular army he had
+the reputation of "faring sumptuously every day." When in command at
+Newport, Rhode Island, he gave a ball, during which he employed the
+services of some of the soldiers under his command for domestic
+purposes, and for this act was reprimanded by the War Department. After
+the Civil War he went to Texas and died in Houston in the winter of
+1871. He was a brave soldier and was twice brevetted for gallantry and
+meritorious conduct on the battlefields of the Mexican War.
+
+General John B. Magruder and his brother, Captain George A. Magruder of
+the Navy, who early in life became orphans, were brought up by their
+maternal uncle, General James Bankhead, U.S.A. General "Jack" Magruder,
+as he was usually called, developed rather lively traits of character,
+while his younger brother George was so deeply religious that, during
+his naval career, his nickname was "St. George of the Navy." When both
+young men had reached manhood, General Bankhead read them a homily,
+having special reference, however, to his nephew "Jack." "I have reared
+you both with the utmost care and circumspection," he said, "but you,
+John, have not my approval in many ways." Jack's response was
+characteristic. "Uncle," he said, "I can account for it in the following
+manner--George has followed your precepts, but I have followed your
+example." At the outbreak of the Civil War, Captain Magruder resigned
+from the Navy and went with his family to Canada, where his daughter
+Helen married James York MacGregor Scarlett, whose title of nobility was
+Lord Abinger, his father having been raised to the peerage as a "lower
+Lord."
+
+Another Virginia family of social prominence, whose members mingled much
+in Washington society while I was still visiting the Winfield Scotts,
+was that of the Masons of "Colross," the name of their old homestead
+near Alexandria in Virginia. Mrs. Thomson F. Mason was usually called
+Mrs. "Colross" Mason to distinguish her from another family by the same
+name, that of James M. Mason, United States Senator from Virginia. The
+family thought nothing of the drive to Washington, and no entertainment
+was quite complete without the "Mason girls," who were especially bright
+and attractive young women. Open house was kept at this delightful
+country seat and many were the pleasant parties given there. One of the
+daughters, Matilda, married Charles H. Rhett, a representative South
+Carolinian, and my friend, Cornelia Scott, was one of her bridesmaids.
+Florence, another sister, who was generally called "Folly," married
+Captain Thomas G. Rhett of the Army, a brother of her sister's husband.
+He resigned at the beginning of the Civil War, as a South Carolinian
+would indeed have been a _rara avis_ in the Federal Army in 1861, and
+became an officer in the Confederate Army; while from 1870 to 1873 he
+was a Colonel of Ordnance in the Army of the Khedive. Miss Betty Mason,
+the oldest of these sisters, was a celebrated beauty and became the wife
+of St. George Tucker Campbell of Philadelphia.
+
+It was about this time I first made the acquaintance of Emily Virginia
+Mason, who recently died in Georgetown after a long and active life. We
+were accustomed to have long conversations over the tea table concerning
+bygone days, and I sadly miss her bright presence. Her memories of a
+varied life both in Washington and Paris were highly entertaining and as
+one of her auditors I never grew weary while listening to her graphic
+descriptions of persons and things. She was a daughter of John T. Mason
+and a sister of Stevens Thompson Mason, the first governor of Michigan,
+often called the "Boy Governor." She was very active during the Civil
+War as a Confederate nurse and continued her kindly acts thereafter in
+other fields of benevolence. She wrote a life of General Robert E. Lee
+and several other books, and made a compilation of "Southern Poems of
+the War," which was subsequently published under that title.
+
+One may readily turn from Emily Virginia Mason to her life-long friend,
+the daughter of Senator William Wright of New Jersey. It was during her
+father's official life in Washington that Miss Katharine Maria Wright
+met and married Baron Johan Cornelis Gevers, _Charge d'affaires_ from
+Holland to the United States. After her marriage she seldom visited her
+native country but made her home in Holland until her death a few years
+ago. Her son also entered the diplomatic service of his country and a
+few years ago was living in Washington.
+
+After my father's death we continued as a family to live in our Houston
+Street home in New York, but in 1853 we found the character of the
+neighborhood, which had been so pleasant in years gone by, changing so
+rapidly that we sold our house and moved to Washington. We secured a
+pleasant old-fashioned residence on G Street, between Seventeenth and
+Eighteenth Streets, which in subsequent years became the Weather Bureau.
+Next door to us lived Mrs. Graham and her daughter, Mrs. Henry K.
+Davenport, the grandmother and mother respectively of Commodore Richard
+G. Davenport, U.S.N. Mrs. Graham was the widow of George Graham, who,
+for a time during Monroe's administration, acted as Secretary of War.
+While he was serving in this capacity, his brother, John Graham, was a
+member of the same cabinet, serving as Secretary of State. Mrs.
+Davenport was the mother of a family of sons known familiarly to the
+neighborhood as Tom, Dick and Harry. In the same block lived Mr.
+Jefferson Davis, who was then in the Senate from Mississippi. I remember
+hearing Mrs. Davis say that it was worth paying additional rent to live
+near Mrs. Graham, as she had such an attractive personality and was such
+a kind and attentive neighbor. A few doors the other side of us resided
+Captain and Mrs. Henry C. Wayne, the former of whom was in the Army and
+was the son of James M. Wayne of Georgia, a Justice of the Supreme
+Court; while across the street was the French Legation. Next door, at
+the corner of G and Eighteenth Streets, lived Edward Everett. Mr. and
+Mrs. Robert D. Wainwright lived on the next block in a house now
+occupied by General and Mrs. A. W. Greely. I attended the wedding of
+Miss Henrietta Wainwright, soon after we arrived in Washington, to
+William F. Syng of the British Legation. She was the aunt of
+Rear-Admiral Richard Wainwright, U.S.N., who, as Commanding Officer of
+the _Gloucester_, rendered such conspicuous service at the battle of
+Santiago. Not far away, on the corner of Twenty-first and G Streets,
+lived Lieutenant Maxwell Woodhull of the Navy and his wife; and their
+children still reside in the same house. On F Street, near Twenty-first
+Street, was the home of Colonel William Turnbull, U.S.A., whose wife was
+a sister of General George Douglas Ramsay, U.S.A., who was so well known
+to all old Washingtonians. General Ramsay was very social in his tastes,
+and many years before this time he and Columbus Monroe were the
+groomsmen at the wedding at the White House when John Adams, the son of
+John Quincy Adams, married his first cousin, Miss Mary Hellen. General
+and Mrs. Ramsay lived on Twenty-first Street, not far from his sister,
+Mrs. William Turnbull. Mrs. John Farley (Anna Pearson), a half-sister of
+Mrs. Carlisle P. Patterson, lived on F Street, near Twenty-first Street,
+and the latter's sister, Mrs. Peter Augustus Jay (Josephine Pearson),
+began her matrimonial life on the northwest corner of F and Twenty-first
+Streets.
+
+William Thomas Carroll's residence on the corner of Eighteenth and F
+Streets witnessed a continuous scene of hospitality. Mrs. Carroll was
+never happier than when entertaining. She lived to an advanced age, and
+until almost the very last, remained standing while receiving her
+guests. I have heard that she retained two sets of servants, one for the
+daytime and the other for the night. In her drawing-room hung many
+portraits of family ancestors arrayed in the antique dress of olden
+times. She was a daughter of Governor Samuel Sprigg of Maryland and was
+a handsome and accomplished woman. Her four daughters, who materially
+assisted her in dispensing hospitality, were very popular young women.
+Violetta Lansdale, the oldest, married Dr. William Swann Mercer of the
+well-known Virginia family; Sally is the present Countess Esterhazy;
+Carrie married the late T. Dix Bolles of the Navy; and Alida is the wife
+of the late John Marshall Brown of Portland, Maine. The Carroll house is
+still standing and became the residence of the late Chief Justice
+Melville Fuller of the U.S. Supreme Court. I have always heard that the
+Carroll house, a substantial structure with large rooms, was built by
+Tench Ringgold, who was U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia longer
+than any of his predecessors. He occupied this position during the whole
+of President Monroe's administration, and I have heard it related in the
+Gouverneur family that, when Monroe was retiring from office, he asked
+his successor, John Quincy Adams, on personal grounds, to retain Mr.
+Ringgold. This request was granted and Mr. Monroe made the same appeal
+to Andrew Jackson shortly after the latter's inauguration, and received
+the cordial response, "Don't mention it, don't mention it." On the
+strength of this interview, Ringgold naturally assumed he was safe for
+another term, but, to the surprise of many, he was succeeded two years
+later by Henry Ashton, who retained the office for about three years.
+"Old Hickory," as everybody knows, had a mind of his own.
+
+It was often very pleasant in my new surroundings to welcome to
+Washington some of my early New York friends; and among these none were
+more gladly received than Frances and Julia Kellogg of Troy. My
+intimacy with these sisters goes back as far as my school days at Madame
+Chegaray's, where Frances Kellogg was a boarding pupil and in a class
+higher than mine when I was a day-scholar. It was the habit of these
+sisters to spend their winters in Washington and their summers at West
+Point; and it was during their sojourn at the latter place that Frances
+became engaged to George H. Thomas of the Army who, although a Virginian
+by birth, rendered such distinguished services during our Civil War as
+Commander of the Army of the Cumberland. Many years after General
+Thomas's death, his widow built a house on I Street, where she and Miss
+Kellogg presided during the remainder of their lives. During one of our
+many conversations, Mrs. Thomas told me that when her husband was
+informed that a house was about to be presented to him by admiring
+friends, in recognition of his conspicuous services during the Civil
+War, he at once declined the offer, saying that he had been sufficiently
+remunerated, and requested that the money raised for the purpose should
+be given in charity. A distinguished Union General, who had already
+accepted a house, remonstrated with him and said: "Thomas, if you refuse
+to accept that house it will make it awkward for us." General Thomas's
+characteristic response was: "You may take as many houses as you please,
+but I shall accept none."
+
+At this time the house 14 Lafayette Square, now Jackson Place, still
+standing but very much altered, was owned and occupied by Purser and
+Mrs. Francis B. Stockton and the latter's sister, daughters of Captain
+James McKnight of the Marine Corps and nieces of Commodore Stephen
+Decatur. Purser Stockton once told me that he had purchased this home
+for seven thousand dollars. The house prior to his ownership had been
+the residence of a number of families of distinction, among others the
+Southards and Monroes.
+
+After giving up our home in New York I made a visit of some weeks to my
+friends, the family of William Kemble, who was still residing on St.
+John's Park in New York. While there we were invited to an old-fashioned
+supper at the home of Mr. Peter Goelet, a bachelor, on the corner of
+Nineteenth Street and Broadway, presided over by his sister, Mrs. Hannah
+Greene Gerry. Upon the lawn of this house Mr. Goelet indulged his
+ornithological tastes by a remarkable display of various species of
+turkeys with their broods, together with peacocks and silver and golden
+pheasants. As can be readily understood, this was a remarkable sight in
+the heart of a great city, and caused much admiration from passers-by.
+
+It has been said that at one time William W. Corcoran's father kept a
+shoe store in Georgetown, and that the son, one of the most conspicuous
+benefactors of the city of Washington, was very proud of the fact. I
+have also heard it said, although I cannot vouch for the truth of the
+statement, that the son cherished his father's business sign as one of
+his valued possessions. Whether or not these allegations agree or
+conflict with the explicit statement concerning his father made by
+William W. Corcoran himself, is left for others to judge. The latter
+wrote concerning his father: "Thomas Corcoran came to Baltimore in 1783,
+and entered into the service of his uncle, William Wilson, as clerk,
+beginning with a salary of fifty pounds sterling a year.... He brought
+his family to Georgetown and commenced the shoe and leather business on
+Congress Street," etc., etc. Be the facts as they may, a witticism of
+William Thomas Carroll was a _bon mot_ of the day many years ago in
+Washington. Upon being asked upon one occasion whether he knew the elder
+Mr. Corcoran, he replied: "I have known him from first to _last_ and
+from _last_ to first." Mr. Carroll for thirty-six years was Clerk of the
+Supreme Court of the United States, and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
+paid him a well-earned tribute when he stated that he was "an
+accomplished and faithful officer, prompt and exact in business, and
+courteous in manner, and during the whole period of his judicial life
+discharged the duties of his office with justice to the public and the
+suitors, and to the entire satisfaction of every member of the Court."
+
+At the period of which I am speaking, some of the clerical positions in
+the various departments of the government were filled by members of
+families socially prominent. Francis S. Markoe and Robert S. Chew, for
+example, were clerks in the State Department, and Archibald Campbell and
+James Madison Cutts held similar positions. For many years women were
+not employed by the government. It is said that the first one regularly
+appointed was Miss Jennie Douglas, and that she received her position
+through the instrumentality of Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the
+Treasury, at the request of General Francis E. Spinner, Treasurer of the
+United States. She was assigned to the duty of cutting and trimming
+treasury-notes, a task that had hitherto been performed with shears by
+men. General Spinner subsequently stated that her first day's work
+"settled the matter in her and in women's favor." James Madison Cutts,
+at one time Second Comptroller of the Treasury under Buchanan, married
+Ellen Elisabeth O'Neill, who, with her sister Rose, subsequently Mrs.
+Robert Greenhow, resided in the vicinity of Washington. Both sisters
+possessed much physical beauty. Madison Cutts, as he was generally
+called, was a nephew of "Dolly" Madison, and his father, Richard Cutts,
+was once a Member of Congress from New Hampshire.
+
+It is to the kindness of Mrs. Madison Cutts that I owe the memory of a
+pleasant visit to Mrs. Madison. She took me to call upon her one
+afternoon, and I shall never forget the impression made upon me by her
+turban and long earrings. Her surroundings were of a most interesting
+character and her graceful bearing and sprightly presence, even in
+extreme old age, have left a lasting picture upon my memory. Her niece,
+"Dolly" Paine, was living with her at her residence on the corner of H
+Street and Madison Place, now forming a part of the Cosmos Club. Todd
+Paine, her son, unfortunately did not prove to be a source of much
+satisfaction to her. He survived his mother some years and eventually
+the valuable Madison manuscripts and relics became his property. At the
+time of his death in Virginia this interesting collection was brought to
+Washington, where, I am informed, some of it still remains as the
+cherished possession of the McGuire family. Mr. and Mrs. Madison Cutts
+were devotees of society and consequently they and Mrs. Madison met upon
+common ground. The afternoon of my memorable visit to this former
+mistress of the White House I remember meeting quite a number of
+visitors in her drawing-room, as temporary sojourners at the National
+Capital were often eager to meet the gracious woman who had figured so
+conspicuously in the social history of the country.
+
+I knew Madison Cutts's daughter, Rose Adele Cutts, or "Addie" Cutts, as
+she was invariably called, when she first entered society. Her
+reputation for beauty is well known. I always associate her with
+japonicas, which she usually wore in her hair and of which her numerous
+bouquets were chiefly composed. Her father frequently accompanied her to
+balls, and in the wee small hours of the night, as he became weary, I
+have often been amused at his summons to depart--"Addie, _allons_." As
+quite a young woman, Addie Cutts married Stephen A. Douglas, the "Little
+Giant," whom Lincoln defeated in the memorable presidential election of
+1860. It is said that her ambition to grace the White House had much to
+do with the disruption of the Democratic party, as it was she who urged
+Douglas onward; and everyone knows that the division of the Democratic
+vote between Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckenridge resulted in the
+election of Lincoln. Some years after Douglas's death, his widow married
+General Robert Williams, U.S.A., by whom she had a number of children,
+one of whom is the wife of Lieutenant Commander John B. Patton, U.S.N.
+
+Mrs. Madison Cutts's sister, Mrs. Robert Greenhow, was a woman of
+attractive appearance and unusual ability. Her husband was a Virginian
+by birth and a man of decided literary tastes. When I first knew her she
+was a widow, and but few romances can excel in interest one period of
+her career. She was a social favorite and her house was the rendezvous
+of the prominent Southern politicians of the day. This, of course, was
+before the Civil War, during a portion of which she made herself
+conspicuous as a Southern spy. At the commencement of the struggle her
+zeal for the Southern cause became so conspicuous and offensive to the
+authorities in Washington that she was arrested and imprisoned in her
+own house on Sixteenth Street, near K Street. Later she was confined in
+the "Old Capitol Prison." General Andrew Porter, U.S.A., whose widow
+still resides in Washington and is one of my cherished friends, was
+Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia at this time, and as such
+Mrs. Greenhow was in his charge during her imprisonment. This duty was
+made so irksome to him that, upon one occasion, he exclaimed in
+desperation that he preferred to resign his position rather than to
+continue such an uncongenial task. It has been stated that information
+conveyed by her to the Confederates precipitated the Battle of Bull Run,
+which was so disastrous to the Union Army. Her conduct, even in prison,
+was so aggressive that the government officials decided she was
+altogether too dangerous a character to remain in Washington. They
+accordingly sent her, accompanied by her young daughter Rose, within the
+Southern lines, fearing that even behind prison bars her ingenuity
+might devise some method of communicating with the enemy. From the South
+she went to London, where she published, in 1863, a volume entitled, "My
+Imprisonment and the First Years of Abolition Rule at Washington," to
+which I have already referred. I have heard that this book had quite a
+circulation in Great Britain, but that an attempt was made to suppress
+it in the United States. The last year of the war, Mrs. Greenhow was
+returning to America with considerable money acquired by the sale of her
+book, which she carried with her in gold. She took passage upon a
+blockade-runner which, after pursuit, succeeded in reaching the port of
+Wilmington, North Carolina. She was descending from her ship into a
+small boat to go on shore when she made a false step and fell into the
+water. Her gold tied around her neck held her down and she was drowned.
+Her remains were recovered and brought to the town hall, where they laid
+in state prior to an imposing funeral service. She was regarded
+throughout the South as a martyr to its cause.
+
+Old Washingtonians who recall Mrs. Greenhow's eventful career will
+associate with her, in a way, Mrs. Philip Phillips, who was also active
+in the Southern cause, and whose husband represented Alabama with much
+ability for one term in Congress. He subsequently remained in
+Washington, where he was known as a distinguished advocate before the
+Supreme Court. Mrs. Phillips's enthusiastic friendship for the South
+made serious trouble for herself and family. The first year of the war,
+all of them were sent across the Union lines, and went to New Orleans,
+where General Benjamin F. Butler was in command. A few days after her
+arrival she Was brought before him charged with "making merry" over the
+passing funeral of Captain George Coleman De Kay of New York, an officer
+in the Union Army. When General Butler inquired why she laughed, she
+replied: "Because I was in a good humor." Unable longer to suppress his
+indignation, Butler exclaimed: "If such women as you and Mrs. Greenhow
+are let loose, our lives are in jeopardy." Mrs. Phillips's reply was:
+"We of the South hire butchers to kill our swine." Another day a search
+was made in Mrs. Phillips's house for information concerning the
+Confederacy which she was thought to have. When personally searched and
+compelled to remove her shoes, she suggested that it was impossible for
+a Northern man to get his hand inside a Southern woman's shoe. General
+Butler finally ordered Mrs. Phillips to be confined on an island near
+New Orleans, and placed over her a guard whose duty it was to watch her
+night and day. I have often heard her give an account of her life under
+these trying circumstances. She said she lived in a large "shoe
+box"--whatever that meant--and that her meals were served to her three
+times a day upon a tin plate. From what I have already said, it is
+apparent that she was an exceedingly witty woman. One day, while walking
+on the streets in Washington, she was joined by a distinguished prelate
+of the Roman Catholic Church, and inquired whether he could lay aside
+his cloth long enough to listen to a conundrum? Upon receiving a
+favorable response, she asked: "Why is His Holiness, the Pope, like a
+goose?" The reply was: "Because he sticks to his Propaganda!"
+
+I shall always recall with pleasure a dinner party I attended at the
+residence of Edward Everett. As Mrs. Everett was in very delicate health
+and seldom appeared in public, Mr. Everett presided alone. The
+invitations were for six o'clock, and dinner was served promptly at that
+hour. I was taken into the dining-room by Mr. Philip Griffith, one of
+the Secretaries of the British Legation. We had just finished our second
+course when, to the surprise of everyone, a tall and gaunt gentleman was
+ushered into the dining-room. It was Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia,
+then a member of Congress and subsequently Vice-President of the
+Southern Confederacy. Mr. Everett at once arose and shook hands with Mr.
+Stephens and with an imperturbable expression of countenance motioned
+the butler to provide another seat at the table. For a moment there was
+a slight confusion, as the other guests were obliged to move in order to
+make room for the new comer; but everything was speedily arranged and
+Mr. Stephens began his dinner with the third course. No explanation was
+offered at the moment, but later, while we were drinking our coffee in
+the drawing-room, I noticed Mr. Everett and Mr. Stephens engaged in
+conversation.
+
+A few days later, through Mr. Colin M. Ingersoll, a Representative in
+Congress from Connecticut, the cause of Mr. Stephens' late appearance at
+the dinner was made clear to me. It seems that Mr. Everett and the
+French Minister, the Count Eugene de Sartiges, his next door neighbor,
+were giving dinner parties the same evening. The dinner hour at the
+French Legation was half-past six o'clock, while Mr. Everett's was half
+an hour earlier. Through the mistake of a stupid coachman, Mr. Stephens
+was landed at the door of Count de Sartiges's home and entered it under
+the impression that it was Mr. Everett's residence. He walked into the
+drawing-room and suspected nothing, as nearly all the guests were
+familiar to him. Count de Sartiges, however, surprised at the presence
+of an unbidden guest, anxiously inquired of Mr. Ingersoll the name of
+the stranger, and upon being informed remarked: "I'll be very polite to
+him." Seating himself by Mr. Stephens' side, an animated conversation
+followed. Meanwhile other guests arrived and the Count de Sartiges
+became diverted, while Mr. Stephens, still unconscious of his mistake,
+turned to Mr. Ingersoll, who stood near, and in an irritated tone of
+voice said: "Who is this Frenchman who is tormenting me, and where is
+Mr. Everett?" Mr. Ingersoll explained that the Frenchman was the Count
+de Sartiges, and that Mr. Everett was probably presiding over his own
+dinner in the adjoining house.
+
+My _vis a vis_ at Mr. Everett's table was Miss Ann G. Wight, a woman
+with an unusual history. She was born in Montgomery County, Maryland,
+and as a child was placed in a convent. She eventually became a nun and
+an inmate of the Convent of the Visitation in Georgetown, where she
+assumed the name of "Sister Gertrude." She was an intellectual woman and
+was deeply beloved by her associates. Without any apparent cause,
+however, she planned an escape from the convent and sought the residence
+of her relative, General John P. Van Ness, dropping her keys, as I have
+understood, in Rock Creek as she passed over the Georgetown bridge. Mrs.
+Charles Worthington, a Catholic friend of mine who was educated at this
+same convent, gave me the following explanation of her conduct: There
+was an election for Mother Superior, and Miss Wight, deeply disappointed
+that she was not chosen to fill the position, was dissatisfied and when
+it became her turn to answer the front-door bell, suddenly determined to
+leave. She was, however, recognized by one of the priests, who followed
+her to General Van Ness's residence, where he insisted upon seeing her.
+At first she refused to meet him, but, upon informing the General that
+he must learn from her own lips whether her departure was voluntary, she
+consented to see him in the presence of her relative. She admitted that
+she had in no way been influenced. When I first met Miss Wight she was
+more devoted to "the pride, pomp and circumstance" of the world than
+many who had not led such deeply religious lives. She was still living
+at the residence of General Van Ness, and I have heard that she always
+remained a Roman Catholic. During the Everett dinner my escort, Mr.
+Philip Griffith, remarked to me in an undertone: "We have an escaped nun
+here; are we going to have an _auto da fe_?" I responded that I believed
+it to be a matter of record that _autos da fe_ were solely a courtly
+amusement.
+
+Mrs. Sidney Brooks, formerly Miss Fanny Dehon of Boston, was another of
+Mr. Everett's guests. She was a relative of our host, and it was her
+custom to make prolonged visits to the Everett home. Her presence in
+Washington was always hailed with delight. She was a pronounced blonde,
+and her reputation as a brilliant conversationalist was widely extended.
+
+Rufus Choate was an occasional visitor in Washington subsequent to his
+brilliant senatorial career which ended in 1845. That I had the pleasure
+of intimately knowing this man of wit and erudition is one of the
+brightest memories of my life. His quaint humor was inexhaustible and
+some of his bright utterances will never perish. When a younger sister
+of mine was lying desperately ill in Washington in 1856 he called to
+inquire about her condition, and the tones of his sympathetic voice
+still linger in my ear. It has been fittingly said of Mr. Choate that
+even one's name uttered by him was in itself a delicate compliment. It
+is to him we owe the inspiring quotation, "Keep step to the music of the
+Union," which he uttered in his speech before the Whig convention of
+1855. I have heard some of Mr. Choate's clients dwell upon his mighty
+power as an advocate, and it seems to me that words of law flowing from
+such lips might have been suggestive of the harmony of the universe. The
+chirography of Mr. Choate was equal to any Chinese puzzle; it was even
+more difficult to decipher than that of Horace Greeley. I once received
+a note from him and was obliged to call upon my family to aid me in
+reading it. He had a fund of humor which was universally applauded by an
+admiring public. Once, in replying to a toast on Yale College at the
+"Hasty-Pudding" dinner, he said that "everything is to be irregular this
+evening." He followed this remark by poking a little fun at the expense
+of the College by reading a portion of the will of Lewis Morris, one of
+the Signers and the father of Gouverneur Morris. This document was
+executed in 1760 in New York, and in it he expresses his "desire that my
+son, Gouverneur Morris, may have the best education that is to be had in
+Europe or America, but my express will and directions are that he be
+never sent for that purpose to the Colony of Connecticutt, lest he
+should imbibe in his youth that low craft and cunning so incident to the
+People of that Colony, which is so interwoven in their Constitutions
+that all their art cannot disguise it from the World; though many of
+them, under the sanctifyed garb of Religion, have endeavored to impose
+themselves on the World for honest men." The laughter which followed the
+reading of this extract was as _regular_ as the remarks were
+_irregular_. It may be added that Lewis Morris died two years after
+making this will, when his son Gouverneur was between ten and eleven
+years of age, and that his desires were respected, as his son was
+graduated from King's (now Columbia) College in New York in 1768, when
+only sixteen years old. His father, cold in the grave, had his revenge
+on the "Colony of Connecticutt" and the hatchet, for aught we know to
+the contrary, was forever buried, while old Elihu's college still
+survives in New Haven.
+
+An anecdote relating to Gouverneur Morris still lingers in my memory.
+Before his marriage, quite late in life, to Miss Anne Cary Randolph, his
+nephew, Gouverneur Wilkins, was generally regarded as heir to his large
+estate. When a direct heir was born, Mr. Wilkins was summoned to the
+babe's christening. One of the guests began to speculate upon the name
+of the youngster, when Mr. Wilkins quickly said, "Why, _Cut-us-off-sky_,
+of course," in imitation of the usual termination of such a large number
+of Russian names.
+
+In 1852 John F. T. Crampton was British Minister to the United States
+and I had the pleasure of knowing him quite well. He was a bachelor of
+commanding presence, and it was rather a surprise to Washingtonians that
+he evaded matrimonial capture! He lived in Georgetown in an old-time and
+spacious mansion, surrounded by ample grounds. The proverbial
+tea-drinking period had not arrived, but Mr. Crampton, notwithstanding
+this fact, gave afternoon receptions for which his house, by the way,
+was especially adapted. In 1856, during the Crimean War, an
+unpleasantness arose between Great Britain and this country in
+connection with the charge that Crampton had been instrumental in
+recruiting soldiers in the United States for service in the British
+Army. Accordingly, in May of the same year, President Pierce broke off
+diplomatic relations with him and he was recalled. There was never,
+however, any severe reflection made upon him by his home Ministry, and
+after his return to England he was made a Knight of the Bath by Lord
+Palmerston, and a little later became the British Minister at St.
+Petersburg. In the autumn of 1856, while in Russia, he married Victoire
+Balfe, second daughter of Michael William Balfe, the distinguished
+musical composer, from whom he was divorced in 1863.
+
+I frequently attended receptions at the British Legation, and I
+particularly recall those in the spring of the year when they took the
+form of _fetes champetres_ upon the well-kept lawn. On these occasions
+the Diplomatic Corps was well represented, as well as the resident
+society. I have heard a curious story about Henry Stephen Fox, the
+English Minister in Washington from 1836 to 1844. He evidently
+represented the sporting element of his day, as it was said he was _en
+evidence_ all night and seldom visible by daylight. He was, moreover,
+exceedingly careless about some of the reasonable responsibilities of
+life which rendered it difficult for his creditors to secure an
+audience. They, however, surrounded his house in the First Ward one
+evening and demanded in clamorous tones that he should name a definite
+time when he would satisfy their claims. Fox appeared at a front window
+and pleasantly announced that, as they were so urgent in their demands,
+he would state a time which he hoped would meet with their satisfaction,
+and accordingly named in stentorian voice the "Day of Judgment."
+
+One of the constant visitors at our home on G Street was John
+Savile-Lumley, who was appointed in 1854 as the Secretary of the British
+Legation under Crampton, and in the following year became the English
+_Charge d'affaires_ in Washington. I remember him as a fine looking
+gentleman and an especially pleasing specimen of the English race. He
+was the natural son of John Lumley-Savile, the eighth Earl of
+Scarborough, by a mother of French origin. After leaving Washington, he
+represented his country in Rome and other prominent courts of Europe,
+and, upon his retirement from the diplomatic service in 1888, was raised
+to the peerage as Baron Savile of Rufford in Nottinghamshire. The last I
+heard of him was through one of Lord Ronald Gower's charming books of
+travel, where it states that he was representing Great Britain at the
+court of Leopold I. in Belgium. He died in the fall of 1896. His younger
+brother lived in London where, for a period, he acted as a sort of
+major-domo in society, and but few entertainments were considered
+complete without him.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+DIPLOMATIC CORPS AND OTHER CELEBRITIES
+
+
+I have already spoken of the Count de Sartiges, who so ably represented
+the French Government in the United States. He had not been very long in
+this country when he married Miss Anna Thorndike of Boston, and while
+residing in Washington they dispensed a lavish hospitality. Just before
+he came to this country, the Count spent several years in Persia, which
+was then regarded as an out-of-the-way post of duty. I recall quite an
+amusing incident which occurred at an entertainment given by the
+Countess de Sartiges to which I was accompanied by George Newell,
+brother-in-law of William L. Marcy. Mr. Newell had not been in
+Washington long enough to, become acquainted with all the members of the
+Diplomatic Corps, and, crossing the room to where I stood, he inquired:
+"Who is the Aborigine who has been sitting next to me?" I looked in the
+direction indicated and recognized the well-known person of General Juan
+Nepomuceno Almonte, the Mexican Minister, whose features strongly
+portrayed the Indian type. Some matrimonial alliances in Mexico at this
+time, by the way, were more or less complicated; for example, General
+Almonte's wife was his own niece.
+
+The first Secretary of the French Legation was Baron Geoffrey Boilleau,
+who remained in this country for several years. While stationed in
+Washington, he married Susan Benton, a daughter of Thomas H. Benton,
+U.S. Senator from Missouri and a political autocrat in his own State,
+another of whose daughters, Jessie Ann, was the wife of General John C.
+Fremont. At a later day, both Boilleau and Fremont became involved in
+difficulties of a serious character in consequence of which the former,
+while Minister to Ecuador, was recalled to France, where, as I am
+informed, he was convicted and confined for a period in the
+_Conciergerie_. I am not fully acquainted with the exact details of the
+charges upon which he was tried, but they had their origin in the
+negotiation of certain bonds of the proposed Memphis and El Paso
+Railroad. In my opinion, however, no one who knew Baron Boilleau well
+ever doubted his integrity. He was a man of decidedly literary tastes
+and, like many persons of that character, possessed but meager knowledge
+of business. It seems that General Fremont had obtained from the
+Legislature of Texas a grant of state lands in the interests of the
+railroad just referred to, which was to be a portion of a projected
+transcontinental line from Norfolk, Virginia, to San Diego and San
+Francisco. It has been stated that "the French agents employed to place
+the land-grant bonds of this road on the market made the false
+declaration that they were guaranteed by the United States. In 1869 the
+Senate passed a bill giving Fremont's road the right of way through the
+territories, an attempt to defeat it by fixing on him the onus of the
+misstatement in Paris having been unsuccessful. In 1873 he was
+prosecuted by the French government for fraud in connection with this
+misstatement. He did not appear in person, and was sentenced by default
+to fine and imprisonment, no judgment being given on the merits of the
+case."
+
+Prince Louis de Bearn, Secretary of the French Legation, was a gentleman
+of most pleasing personality. He was a strikingly handsome bachelor at
+the time I knew him and was much seen in the gay world. He was never
+called "Prince" in those days, but "Count"; but in a letter now before
+me, written in 1904 by his son, who was recently an attache of the
+French Embassy in Washington, he claims that both his father and
+grandfather were Princes by right of birth. He also states that the
+title was borne by his family before the Revolution of 1789. During his
+official life in Washington, Prince de Bearn married Miss Beatrice
+Winans, daughter of Ross Winans of Baltimore. Chevalier John George
+Hulsemann, the Austrian Minister, was a convivial old bachelor and was
+much esteemed at the Capital for his genial qualities. He lived on F
+Street, below Pennsylvania Avenue, and was stationed in Washington for
+many years.
+
+Chevalier Giuseppe Bertinatti, the Italian Minister, commenced his
+diplomatic career in Washington as a bachelor. He did not occupy a house
+of his own, but lodged at the establishment of Mrs. Ulrich, which was
+the headquarters of many foreigners. Fifty years ago and more, the
+members of the Diplomatic Corps, with few exceptions, lived either in
+modest residences or in boarding houses, in striking contrast with many
+of the imposing mansions now occupied by the official representatives of
+foreign lands. His mission was a diplomatic success and while at the
+capital he married Mrs. Eugenie Bass, a handsome widow from Mississippi,
+and soon departed upon another mission, taking his American bride with
+him. Soon after the announcement of his prospective marriage, Count
+Bertinatti issued invitations to a large dinner given in honor of his
+_fiancee_. When the gala day arrived, Mrs. Bass, though quite
+indisposed, was persuaded to be present at the dinner, but, feeling
+decidedly ill, she retired from the table and in a short time became
+much nauseated. When this state of affairs was explained to General
+George Douglas Ramsay, one of the guests of the evening, his quick sally
+was, "a Bass relief!"
+
+Baron Frederick Charles Joseph von Gerolt, whom I knew very well and who
+represented King William of Prussia, is still affectionately recalled by
+his few survivors who cling to early associations. His departure from
+Washington with his family was more deeply regretted than that of some
+other foreign residents whom I remember, as they had made many friends
+and had lived in Washington so long that they were regarded almost as
+permanent residents. The Misses Bertha and Dorothea von Gerolt were
+graceful dancers and were very popular. Dorothea married into the
+Diplomatic Corps and accompanied her husband to Greece. I have heard
+that Bertha became deeply attached to the Chevalier A. P. C. Van
+Karnabeek, secretary of the Netherlands Legation, but that, owing to
+religious considerations, her parents frowned upon the alliance. She
+accordingly determined to enter upon a cloistered life and went to the
+Georgetown convent where she became a nun, and was known until the day
+of her death in 1890 as "Sister Angela." Baron von Gerolt was an
+intellectual man and, prior to his career in the United States, his name
+was much associated with Baron Alexander von Humboldt; but as neither he
+nor Madame von Gerolt were proficient English scholars when they first
+arrived they naturally depended upon others for instruction. I can vouch
+for the truth of the statement that upon one occasion they were advised
+by members of his own legation to greet those whom they met with the
+words, "I'm damned glad to see you."
+
+Mr. Alfred Bergmans, Secretary of the Belgian Legation, married Lily
+Macalister, a Philadelphia heiress, who, in her widowhood, returned to
+this country and made Washington her home. Madame Bergmans was a devotee
+to society and was particularly fond of dancing. She was a _petite
+blonde_, and, even after it ceased to be fashion, she wore her light
+hair down her back in many ringlets. When George M. Robeson, President
+Grant's Secretary of the Navy, saw her for the first time one evening
+while she was dancing, he exclaimed, "That is the tripping of the light
+fantastic toe." She married quite late in life J. Scott Laughton, who
+was considerably her junior, but did not long survive the alliance.
+
+Many members of the Diplomatic Corps of this period married American
+women. Baron Guido von Grabow, one of the secretaries of the Prussian
+Legation whom I knew very well, married Mrs. Edward Boyce, whose maiden
+name was Nina Wood. She was a granddaughter of President Zachary Taylor
+and was well known and beloved by old Washingtonians. Her marriage to
+Baron von Grabow offers strong encouragement to persistent suitors. He
+was deeply in love with her prior to her first marriage, but she
+rejected him for Edward Boyce, who was a member of a prominent
+Georgetown family. Mr. Boyce lived only a few years, and her subsequent
+married life with Baron von Grabow was long and happy.
+
+Alexandre Gau, _Chancelier_ of the Prussian Legation, married my younger
+sister, Margaret, who was regarded as a remarkable beauty as well as an
+accomplished linguist and pianist. Her wedding took place in our G
+Street home in the same room where five months later her funeral
+services were held. Mr. Gau did not long survive her and was interred by
+her side in my father's old burial plot in Jamaica, Long Island.
+
+Don Calderon de la Barca, the Spanish Minister to the United States,
+together with his wife, who was Miss Fanny Inglis, and her sister, Miss
+Lydia Inglis, were presiding social spirits in Washington for many
+years. The latter married a Mr. McLeod, and, becoming financially
+embarrassed, established on Staten Island a school for girls which was
+ably conducted. These sisters were members of a Scotch family of
+distinguished lineage. One of Mrs. McLeod's pupils was Mary E. Croghan,
+a prominent heiress from Pittsburgh. She was still attending school on
+Staten Island when Captain Edward W. H. Schenley of the Royal Navy, a
+Scotch relative of Mrs. McLeod, came to America to visit her. In
+inviting him to be her guest she felt that, as he was an elderly man,
+he would prove to be quite immune to the attractions of mere school
+girls. I met Captain Schenley about this same time in New York, and his
+"make up" was of such a remarkable character that it was a favorite _on
+dit_ that, when he was dressed for standing, a sitting posture was quite
+an impossibility. Young Miss Croghan must have discovered fascinations
+in this Scotchman as she eloped with him from Mrs. McLeod's school and
+after a brief period accompanied him to England, where she spent the
+remainder of her life. Mrs. McLeod was severely criticised by her
+patrons for carelessness, and her school was somewhat injured by Miss
+Croghan's matrimonial adventure.
+
+Don Leopoldo Augusto De Cueto was another Spanish Minister, whom I
+regarded as an agreeable acquaintance. During his _regime_ filibustering
+against Spanish possessions, and especially Cuba, was a favorite pastime
+of American citizens and rendered the position of the Spanish Minister
+in Washington one of delicacy and difficulty. Residing in Washington
+during De Cueto's tenure of office was a Cuban named Ambrosio Jose
+Gonzales, who, in the Civil War, became Inspector General of Artillery
+in the Confederate Army, under General Beauregard. As he was well versed
+in music and had a remarkable voice, he frequently, upon request, sang
+selections from the popular operas then in vogue. Among the songs
+frequently heard in drawing-rooms was "Suoni la Tromba," from Bellini's
+opera "I Puritani di Scozia," which had been interdicted by the Spanish
+Government. One evening when De Cueto was spending an informal evening
+with my sisters and myself at our G Street home, Mr. Gonzales happened
+to call and was asked to sing. He seated himself at the piano and for
+sometime sang various airs for us. Finally, not knowing that "Suoni la
+Tromba" was under the Spanish ban, I asked him to sing it. During the
+song De Cueto was politely attentive, and at its conclusion had the
+politeness to applaud it. Imagine, however, my surprise when I heard a
+few days later, through a mutual friend, that Gonzales had boasted that
+he sang the song in De Cueto's presence, proudly adding that he had
+looked the Spaniard full in the eye when he uttered the word
+_libert[)a]_.
+
+Mr. Jose de Marcoleta, the Nicaraguan Minister to the United States, was
+an elderly and punctilious Spaniard. He was indefatigable in the
+observance of all social duties, and I met him wherever I went. He was a
+bachelor but, soon after his arrival in Washington, announced his
+engagement to Miss Mary West of Boston, who unfortunately died before
+her wedding day. I am under the impression that he eventually married
+another American. I remember once when he called to see us I asked him
+to tell me something about Nicaragua, which was then an almost unknown
+country. My surprise can hardly be described when he told me he had
+never seen the country which he represented, but was a native of Spain.
+
+Baron Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff represented Denmark in a manner
+creditable both to his country and our own. He told me that some years
+previous to his mission to America he came to New York in the capacity
+of an engineer and was engaged on work in New York harbor, "blowing up
+rocks." Possibly he was thus employed at "Hell Gate," at that time one
+of the most dangerous obstacles to navigation in that vicinity.
+
+The well-known "Octagon," as the old Tayloe home on the corner of New
+York Avenue and Eighteenth Street is still called, during my early
+residence in Washington was closed. Many superstitious persons regarded
+it with fear, as its reputation as a haunted house was then, in their
+opinion, well established. I have been told by the daughters of General
+George D. Ramsay that upon one occasion their father was requested by
+Colonel John Tayloe, the father of Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, to remain at
+the Octagon over night, when he was obliged to be absent, as a
+protection to his daughters, Anne and Virginia. While the members of the
+family were at the evening meal, the bells in the house began to ring
+violently. General Ramsay immediately arose from the table to
+investigate, but failed to unravel the mystery. The butler, in a state
+of great alarm, rushed into the dining-room and declared that it was the
+work of an unseen hand. As they continued to ring, General Ramsay held
+the rope which controlled the bells, but, it is said, they were not
+silenced. The architect of the Octagon was Dr. William Thornton, of the
+West Indies, who designed the plans of the first capitol in Washington
+and who was the controlling spirit of the three Commissioners appointed
+by Congress to acquire a "territory not exceeding ten miles square" for
+the establishment of a permanent seat of government. These men were
+Daniel Carroll, Thomas Johnson, first Governor of the State of Maryland,
+and David Stuart. Most of this land, which included Georgetown and
+Alexandria, was primeval forest and was owned chiefly by Daniel Carroll,
+Notley Young, Samuel Davidson and David Burns.
+
+The Commissioners had great difficulty in dealing with Burns, who owned
+nearly all of what is now the northwestern section of the city, as he
+was a closefisted and hardheaded Scotchman, who was unwilling to part
+with his lands without being roundly paid for them. When argument with
+him proved fruitless, it is said that General Washington, realizing the
+gravity of the situation, rode up several times from Mount Vernon to
+discuss the situation with "stubborn Mr. Burns." At length, in despair,
+he remarked: "Had not the Federal City been laid out here, you would
+have died a poor planter." "Ay, mon," was Burns's ready response, "and
+had you no married the widder Custis wi' a' her nagres ye'd ha'e been a
+land surveyor the noo', an' a mighty poor ane at that!" It is further
+related that Washington finally succeeded in winning Burns over to his
+way of thinking, and that the canny Scotchman, realizing how largely he
+was to profit by the transaction, actually became generous and gave to
+the Commissioners, in fee simple, his apple orchard which is now the
+beautiful Lafayette Square.
+
+In passing through Lafayette Square, I have often sat down upon a bench
+to rest near the "wishing tree," a dwarf chestnut so well known to
+residents of the District, and I have been impressed by the many
+superstitious persons, both men and women, who have stopped for a moment
+and silently stood under its branches. Many are the credulous believers
+in its power to satisfy human desires, and the season when its branches
+are full of nuts is regarded by these as a specially propitious time for
+their realization. With many persons this tree is the basis of their
+only superstition.
+
+I remember the case of a young girl who had been working very hard to
+obtain a position in one of the departments but without success and who,
+thoroughly discouraged, came to the tree early one morning and made the
+wish that to her and her family meant the actual necessities of life.
+She then sat down to rest upon a near-by bench before going home, and
+while there became engaged in conversation with a pleasing looking
+woman, to whom she poured forth her heart as she related her hopes and
+disappointments about obtaining a government position. As her listener
+was a sympathetic person, she asked the young woman her name and
+address, and in a few days the poor girl received a notice to go to a
+certain department for examination. It seems that her companion under
+the tree was the wife of an influential Senator, who was so touched by
+the young woman's efforts, as well as by her childish faith in the
+"wishing tree," that she took pleasure in seeing that her great desire
+was gratified.
+
+At this time Washington was not far behind other large cities in games
+of chance, and gambling was frequently indulged in quite openly. Edward
+Pendleton's resort, a luxurious establishment down town, was regarded as
+quite _a la mode_, and I have heard it said that he had able assistance
+from social ranks. I have often wondered why a man who indulged in this
+sport was called a gambler, as the term "gamester," used many years ago,
+seems decidedly more appropriate. I own two volumes of a very old book,
+published in the eighteenth century, entitled "The Gamesters," in which
+the heroes are professional gamblers. I have seen Mrs. Pendleton's
+costly equipage, drawn by horses with brilliant trappings and followed
+by blooded hounds, coursing the length of Pennsylvania Avenue, while its
+owner seemed entirely unconscious of the aching hearts which had
+contributed to all her grandeur. Cards were universally played in
+private homes and whist was the fashionable game, General Scott being
+one of its chief devotees. I have often thought how much the old General
+would have enjoyed "bridge," as there was nothing that gave him more
+pleasure than playing the "dummy hand."
+
+My old friend, Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, the widow of General "Phil"
+Kearny, in our many chats in her latter days, gave me many reminiscences
+of Washington at a time when I was not residing there. She described a
+fancy-dress ball given by her while residing in the old Porter house on
+H Street, which must have been about 1848, as General Kearny had just
+returned from the Mexican War. She dwelt particularly upon the costume
+of Emma Meredith, one of her guests and the daughter of Jonathan
+Meredith of Baltimore, who came to Washington to attend the party. She
+represented a rainbow and her appearance was so gorgeous that Mrs.
+Kearny said the Heavenly vision seemed almost within the grasp of common
+mortals. Miss Meredith's supremacy as a belle has never been eclipsed. I
+recall a painful incident connected with her life. A young naval
+officer was deeply in love with her and, it is said, was under the
+impression that she intended to marry him. At a theater party one
+evening he discovered his mistake and, taking the affair to heart,
+returned to his quarters and the same evening swallowed a dose of
+corrosive sublimate. Physicians were immediately summoned and, although
+he regretted the act and expressed a desire to live, they were unable to
+save him. It is said that about the same time Miss Meredith left her
+home in Baltimore to visit her sister, Mrs. Gardiner G. Howland, whose
+husband was one of the merchant princes of New York, and that, as she
+crossed the Jersey City Ferry, one of the first objects which met her
+eyes was the funeral cortege of her disappointed lover _en route_ to his
+final resting place. Subsequent to this tragedy, I met Miss Meredith in
+Saratoga, surrounded by the usual admiring throng. She never married. I
+heard of her in recent years, at a summer resort near Baltimore, and,
+although advanced in years, I understood she still possessed exceptional
+powers of attraction. Only a short time ago I heard a young man remark
+that he knew her very well and that he would rather converse with her
+than with women many years her junior.
+
+Mrs. Kearny was said to be the last of the "Lafayette girls." In 1825,
+when Lafayette made his memorable visit to the United States as the
+guest of the nation, she was living with her parents in Louisville, and
+at the tender age of five strewed flowers in the pathway of the
+distinguished Frenchman. She remembered the incident perfectly and in
+our numerous conversations I have repeatedly heard her allude to it. She
+told me that, seated at General Lafayette's side in the carriage which
+conveyed him through the city, was the great-uncle, Colonel Richard C.
+Anderson, who led the advance of the American troops at the Battle of
+Trenton. General Robert Anderson, U.S.A., whose memory the country
+honors as the defender of Fort Sumpter, was his son. The General's
+widow, a daughter of General Duncan L. Clinch, U.S.A., resided in
+Washington until her death a few years ago. She was a woman of rare
+intelligence and, although a great invalid for many years, gathered
+around her an appreciative circle of friends, who were always charmed by
+her attractive personality.
+
+In my earliest recollection of Washington the old Van Ness house was
+still sheltered by many trees. The foliage was so dense that it may have
+been the desire of the occupants to shield themselves in this manner
+from public view. When I first knew the landmark it was occupied by
+Thomas Green, an old-time resident of the District. He married, as his
+second wife, Ann Corbin Lomax, a daughter of Major Mann Page Lomax of
+the Ordnance Department of the Army. During the Civil War, Mr. Green's
+sympathies were with the South, but he took no active part in the
+conflict. One of his idiosyncrasies was to pick up, on and around his
+spacious grounds, scraps of old iron, such as horse shoes, hay rakes and
+the like, which were placed in a corner of his capacious cellar.
+Suspicion was centered upon his house by information given to the
+government by an old family servant who thought he was doing the country
+a service, and directions were accordingly given that it should be
+searched. While this order was in process of execution, the discovery of
+the scrap-iron is said to have played an important part and in some
+unaccountable manner to have aroused further suspicion. Whatever the
+logic of the situation may have been is not intelligible, but the fact
+remains I that Mr. and Mrs. Green and the latter's sister, Miss Virginia
+Lomax, were arrested in a summary manner and taken to the Old Capital
+Prison, where for a time they were kept in close confinement, during
+which Miss Lomax suffered severe indisposition and, as is said, never
+entirely recovered from the effects of her incarceration. About
+twenty-five years after the War, while staying at the same house with
+her in Warrenton, Virginia, I quite longed to hear her reminiscences of
+prison life; but when I expressed my desire to a member of her family, I
+was requested not to broach the subject as, even at this late day, it
+was painful to her as a topic of conversation.
+
+During the War of 1812, Major Lomax was sent upon a mission to Canada by
+the U.S. Government and, one day during his brief sojourn, dined in
+company with some British officers. During the dinner a toast was
+offered by one of the sons of John Bull: "To President Madison, dead or
+alive." The responding toast by Major Lomax was: "To the Prince Regent,
+drunk or sober." The British officer who had proposed the toast to
+Madison immediately sprang to his feet and with much indignation
+inquired: "Do you mean to insult me, sir?" The quick rejoinder was: "I
+am responding to an insult!"
+
+I met Charles Sumner soon after his first appearance in the United
+States Senate as the successor of Daniel Webster, who had become
+Secretary of State. He was a man of striking appearance and bore himself
+with the dignity so characteristic of the statesmen of that period.
+"Sumner is one of them literary fellows," was the facetious criticism of
+the Hon. Zachariah Chandler of Michigan, who a few years later became
+one of his colleagues in the Senate, and who in earlier life was
+accumulating a large fortune while Mr. Sumner, in his Massachusetts
+home, was engaged in those intellectual and scholarly pursuits which
+eventually made him one of the ripest and most accomplished students in
+the land. Chandler, however, in his own way, furnished a conspicuous
+example to aspiring youths of the day, both by his earlier and
+subsequent life, of what may be accomplished by determined application.
+
+For a decade or more preceding the Civil War the political sentiment of
+Washington, especially in reference to the violent anti-slavery
+agitation then engrossing the thought of the country, was decidedly in
+sympathy with the attitude of the South. It is not, therefore,
+surprising that Sumner, whose radical views were known from Maine to
+Texas, should have been received at first in Washington society with but
+little cordiality. As the years passed along, he was rapidly forging
+himself ahead to the leadership of his party in the Senate and, of
+course, became strongly inimical to Buchanan's administration. He was
+regarded with confidence and esteem by his own party, and, although
+naturally both disliked and feared by his political opponents, it could
+be truthfully said of him that he was
+
+    A man that fortune's buffets and rewards
+    Hast ta'en with equal thanks,
+
+and that no attempts to socially ostracize or to deride him for his
+political views and his intense application to his sense of duty
+deterred the great Massachusetts statesman from pursuing the "even tenor
+of his way."
+
+An anecdote went the rounds of the Capital to the effect that, one
+morning when a gentleman called to see Sumner at his rooms on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, a colored attendant answered the door and after
+glancing at his card informed him that it would be impossible to disturb
+his master, as he was rehearsing before a looking-glass a speech which
+he expected to deliver the following morning. Whether this was
+originally told by a friend or foe of Mr. Sumner is not known. Mr.
+Sumner once requested me to take him to see a young Washington belle who
+combined Parisian grace with Kentucky dash. I refer to Miss Sally
+Strother, an acknowledged beauty of decidedly Southern views, who lived
+on Seventh Street near F Street, now a commercial center. Mr. Sumner and
+I walked to her house from my home on G Street and found several guests
+in her drawing-room, where the topic of conversation, in the course of
+the evening, drifted to the subject of spiritualism. It was announced
+that at a recent _seance_ the spirit of Washington had appeared and
+uttered the usual platitudes, whereupon Miss Strother, without a
+moment's hesitation, remarked: "I wonder what General Washington would
+say about Mr. Sumner?" Someone undertook to define Washington's views,
+but Miss Strother interrupted and said: "I know just what he would
+say--that he was a very intelligent, a very handsome, but a very bad
+man." This remark was naturally productive of much mirth, but failed to
+arouse any manifestation of feeling or disapprobation on the part of Mr.
+Sumner. Later, as we were walking homeward he remarked: "I have
+_l'esprit d'escalier_ and my retorts do not come until I am well-nigh
+down the flight of stairs." Sally Strother went abroad, where she
+married Baron Fahnenberg of Belgium, and shared a fate similar to that
+of many of her country-women, as she was finally separated from her
+husband. She cherished, however, a pride of title and bequeathed $60,000
+to erect in Spa, Belgium, a handsome chapel as well as a vault to
+contain the remains of her mother, brother and herself. Her Kentucky
+relatives, however, including the family of Mrs. Basil Duke, succeeded
+in breaking the will on the ground that her mother's will, through which
+she had inherited her property, did not permit it to leave the family.
+The chapel and vault, accordingly, were not built, and all her property
+reverted to her relatives.
+
+In addition to his commanding presence, nature bestowed upon Mr. Sumner
+a clear and melodious voice, which rendered it quite unnecessary for him
+to resort to Demosthenic methods of cultivation. For many years his
+inspiring words could be heard upon the floor of the Senate in all of
+the leading debates of the day, and his masterly orations will go down
+to posterity as an important contribution to the history of many
+national administrations.
+
+I well remember Preston S. Brooks's cowardly assault upon Charles Sumner
+in the Senate Chamber in the spring of 1856. Public indignation ran very
+high, and his political opponents referred to him thereafter as "Bully
+Brooks." Socially, as well as politically, he was popular. He possessed
+a gentle and pleasing bearing and it would have been difficult for
+anyone to associate him with such a cruel outrage. His uncle, Andrew P.
+Butler, who was in the U.S. Senate from South Carolina at the same time,
+was a fine-looking and venerable gentleman, but he was one of the class
+then designated as "fire-eaters."
+
+There existed between Mr. Sumner and Henry W. Longfellow a strong
+friendship which was contracted in early life. I have often heard the
+Massachusetts statesman recite some of his friend's poetical lines,
+which seemed to me additionally beautiful when rendered in his deep and
+sonorous voice. In the latter years of his life he resided in the house
+which is now the Arlington Hotel Annex, where he surrounded himself with
+his remarkable collection of books and articles of _virtu_ which he
+exhibited with pride to his guests. I especially recall an old clock
+presented to him by Henry Sanford, Minister to Belgium, as an artistic
+work of exceptional beauty. Mr. Sumner, by the way, was an accomplished
+connoisseur in art. I have heard him strongly denounce Clark Mills's
+equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson, now standing in the center
+of Lafayette Square. He told me that on one occasion he was conducting a
+party of Englishmen through the streets of the National Capital and, as
+they were driving along Pennsylvania Avenue, he seated himself in such a
+position as to entirely obstruct the view of what he called this
+"grotesque statue," calling the attention of his guests, meanwhile, to
+the White House on the other side of the street.
+
+I felt honored in calling Charles Sumner my friend, and I take especial
+pleasure in repeating the encomium that "to the wisdom of the statesman
+and the learning of the scholar he joined the consecration of a patriot,
+the honor of a knight and the sincerity of a Christian." George Sumner,
+his brother, did not appear in the land of his birth as a celebrity, but
+he had a remarkable career abroad. He hobnobbed with royalty throughout
+the European continent and was highly regarded for his profound
+learning. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin and
+traveled extensively through Europe, Asia and Africa. He never tarried
+long in his "native heath," and furnished conspicuous evidence that "a
+prophet is not without honor save in his own country." Alexander von
+Humboldt praised the accuracy of his researches and Alexis de
+Tocqueville referred to him as being better acquainted with European
+politics than any European with whom he was acquainted.
+
+While Sumner was in the Senate, George T. Davis of Greenfield,
+Massachusetts, was a member of the House of Representatives. I knew him
+very well and he was a constant visitor at our home. He was celebrated
+for his flashes of wit, which sometimes stimulated undeveloped powers in
+others, and I have often seen dull perceptions considerably sharpened at
+his approach. Oliver Wendell Holmes speaks of his witty sayings in the
+"Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," and his conversational powers were so
+brilliant that they won the admiration of Thackeray. Robert Rantoul,
+also from Massachusetts, and a colleague of Davis, was a "Webster Whig"
+and a powerful exponent of the "Free-Soil" faith. Davis, who was so
+bright and clever in the drawing-room, could not, however, compete with
+Rantoul on the floor of the House in parliamentary debate. The epitaph
+on Rantoul's monument says that "He died at his post in Congress, and
+his last words were a protest in the name of Democracy against the
+Fugitive-Slave Law." One of the verses of Whittier's poem, entitled
+"Rantoul," reads as follows:--
+
+    Through him we hoped to speak the word
+      Which wins the freedom of a land;
+    And lift, for human right, the sword
+      Which dropped from Hampden's dying hand.
+
+I first met the eccentric Count Adam Gurowski at the convivial tea table
+of Miss Emily Harper in Newport, upon one of those balmy summer evenings
+so indelibly impressed upon my memory. He was, perhaps, in many
+respects, one of the most remarkable characters that Washington has ever
+known. He was a son of Count Ladislas Gurowski, an ardent admirer of
+Kosciusko, and was active in revolutionary projects in Poland in
+consequence of which he was condemned to death by the Russian
+authorities. He managed, however, to escape and in 1835 published a work
+entitled "La Verite sur la Russie," in which he advocated a union of the
+various branches of the Slavic race. This book was so favorably regarded
+in Russia that its author was recalled and employed in the civil
+service. He came to this country in 1849, and, after being employed on
+the staff of _The New York Tribune_, came to Washington, where his
+linguistic attainments and the aid of Charles Sumner secured for him a
+position as translator in the State Department, which he held from 1861
+to 1863.
+
+The Count was a medley of strange whims and idiosyncrasies that almost
+baffle description. Together with his strong individuality, he possessed
+a trait which made many enemies and ultimately proved his undoing. I
+refer to his uncontrollable desire to contradict and to antagonize. It
+was simply impossible to find a subject upon which he and anyone else
+could agree. There were, however, extenuating circumstances. "Chill
+penury," forced upon him by the state of his financial affairs, had much
+to do with his cynical and acrimonious spirit. Prosperity is certainly
+conducive to an amiable bearing, and I believe that Gurowski would have
+been more conciliatory if adversity had not so persistently attended
+his pathway. It is highly probable, too, that Gurowski would have
+retained his position under the government indefinitely but for his
+unfortunate disposition. He wrote a diary from 1861 to 1863 which he was
+so indiscreet as to keep in his desk in the State Department; and,
+unknown at first to him, some of its pages were brought to the attention
+of certain officials of the government. They contained anything but
+complimentary references to his chief, William H. Seward, Secretary of
+State, and he was discharged. Meanwhile he had antagonized his
+benefactor, Mr. Sumner, by opposing, in a caustic manner, his views in
+reference to the conduct of the Civil War, and by other similar
+indiscretions was making new enemies almost every day.
+
+The intense bitterness and intemperance of Gurowski in the expression of
+his views is well illustrated in a conversation quoted by one of his
+friends in _The Atlantic Monthly_ more than forty years ago. It had
+reference to a period preceding the Civil War when the "Fugitive-Slave
+Law" was engrossing the attention of the country. "What do I care for
+Mr. Webster," he said. "I can read the Constitution as well as Mr.
+Webster." "But surely, Count, you would not presume to dispute Mr.
+Webster's opinion on a question of constitutional law?" "And why not? I
+tell you I can read the Constitution as well as Mr. Webster, and I say
+that the 'Fugitive-Slave Law' is unconstitutional--is an outrage, and an
+imposition of which you will all soon be ashamed. It is a disgrace to
+your humanity and to your republicanism, and Mr. Webster should be hung
+for advocating it. He is a humbug or an ass--an ass, if he believes such
+an infamous law to be constitutional, and if he does not believe it, he
+is a humbug and a scoundrel for advocating it."
+
+The Count's sarcastic reference to Secretary Seward is equally amusing.
+It seems that one of his duties, while in the State Department, was to
+keep a close watch upon the European newspapers for matters of interest
+to our government, and also to furnish the Secretary of State, when
+requested, with opinions on diplomatic questions, or, as Gurowski
+expressed it, "to read the German newspapers and keep Seward from making
+a fool of himself." The first duty, he said, was easy enough, but the
+latter was rather difficult!
+
+In 1854 Gurowski published his book, "Russia as it is," which was soon
+followed by another work entitled, "America and Europe." Both of them
+met with a favorable reception, but, after losing his government
+position, it became a difficult matter for him to eke out a maintenance,
+and his disposition, if possible, became still more embittered. At an
+evening party I took part by chance in an animated discussion upon the
+subject of dueling. Suddenly my eye lighted upon Count Gurowski, who had
+just entered the room. Calling him to my side I asked him in facetious
+tones how many men he had killed. He quickly responded, "Wonly (only)
+two!"
+
+Count Gurowski's fund of knowledge was in many ways highly remarkable,
+especially upon his favorite theme of royalty and nobility, past and
+present. He was intensely disliked by the Diplomatic Corps in
+Washington, many of whose members regarded him as a Russian spy, a
+suspicion which, of course, was without the slightest foundation. Baron
+Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff, the Danish Minister, once refused to enter a
+box at the opera where I was seated because Gurowski was one of the
+party. The Count seemed to be in touch with sources of information
+relating to diplomats and their affairs which were unknown to others--a
+fact which naturally aroused dislike and jealousy. He once announced to
+me, for example, that the _attaches_ of the French Legation were in a
+state of great good humor, as their salaries had been raised that day.
+I once heard a member of a foreign legation say to another: "Gurowski is
+an emanation of the Devil." "The Devil, you say," was the response,
+"why, he is the Devil himself." In discussing with a foreigner the
+Count's exile by the Russian government, I said that I knew of relatives
+of his in high position in Russia. Evidently controlled by his
+prejudices, he replied: "It must be a family of contrasts, as his
+position in this country is certainly a low one." If he intended to
+convey the impression that the Count was "low" in his pocket, his
+statement was certainly correct, but not otherwise. It is true that his
+unhappy disposition made him more enemies than friends, but he was by no
+means devoid of admirable traits, even if he so frequently preferred to
+conceal them. The finer side of his nature and his pleasing qualities
+only were presented to my sister, Mrs. Eames, who always welcomed him to
+her house. One day when he called the condition of his health seemed so
+precarious that she insisted upon his becoming her guest. He accepted
+the invitation, but did not long survive, and in the spring of 1866 his
+turbulent spirit passed away while under my sister's roof. Much respect
+was paid to his memory and the most distinguished men and women in
+Washington attended his funeral. He is buried in the Congressional
+Cemetery, where a crested tablet surmounts his grave. Little was
+generally known of his immediate family relations, but Robert Carter,
+one of his most intimate friends and the author of the article in _The
+Atlantic Monthly_, already referred to, states that he was a widower and
+had a son in the Russian Navy and a married daughter in Switzerland.
+
+Early in life his brother, Count Ignatius Gurowski, met the Infanta
+Isabella de Bourbon, sister of the Prince Consort of Spain, while she
+was receiving her education at the _Sacre Coeur_ in Paris, and eloped
+with her. They were pensioned by the Spanish government for a while
+under Queen Isabella's reign and made their home in Brussels. I have
+heard, however, that when Isabella was forced from the throne the
+pension ceased and their circumstances became quite reduced. It is said
+that the Prince Consort, Ignatius Gurowski's brother-in-law, suggested
+to him soon after his marriage that it might be well for him to be
+created a Duke of the realm. This friendly offer was declined with
+indignation. "I would prefer," said Gurowski, "being an old Count to a
+new Duke!"
+
+Sometime ago I saw the statement in a newspaper to the effect that
+descendants of Ignatius Gurowski were living in the United States. This
+suggests, although remotely, the inquiry heard many years ago: "Have we
+a Bourbon among us?"--referring, of course, to the last Dauphin, whom
+many believed to exist in the person of the Rev. Eleazer Williams, who
+resided in St. Lawrence County, New York. The Rev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks
+had such an abiding faith that Williams was actually the Dauphin that he
+wrote an article in 1853 for _Putnam's Magazine_ expressive of his
+views. If the newspaper story and Dr. Hawks's claims be true, this
+country has accordingly been the retreat of more than one member of the
+ill-fated Bourbon family. Several years ago I was surprised to hear it
+stated that the father of Kuroki, the famous Japanese General, was a
+brother of Adam and Ignatius Gurowski. This information, I am informed,
+came from a nephew of General Kuroki who was receiving his education in
+Europe. "My uncle Kuroki," he is said to have written, "is of Polish
+origin. His father was a Polish nobleman by the name of Kourowski, who
+fled from Russia after the Revolution of 1831. He finally went to Japan
+and married a Japanese. As the name of Kourowski is difficult to
+pronounce in Japanese, my uncle pronounced it Kuroki. The General's
+father, upon his death bed said to him that perhaps some day he would
+be able to take vengeance upon the Russians for their cruel treatment of
+unhappy Poland."
+
+One of the most notable men of my acquaintance in Washington was Caleb
+Cushing. I first met him when he was Attorney-General in President
+Pierce's Cabinet, and the friendship formed at that time lasted for many
+years. He was among the guests at my wedding, and Miss Emily Harper,
+whom he accompanied, told me that he especially commented upon that
+portion of the service which reads, "those whom God hath joined
+together, let no man put asunder." His remarks evidently appealed to her
+as an ardent Roman Catholic. Ralph Waldo Emerson declared Mr. Cushing to
+be the most eminent scholar of the country, and Wendell Phillips went
+still further and said: "I regard Mr. Cushing as the most learned man
+living." His habit was one of constant acquirement. He was what I should
+call "a Northern man with Southern principles," an expression which
+originated in 1835, and was first applied to Martin Van Buren. I have
+heard Cushing defend slavery with great eloquence and although, like
+him, I was born and bred in the North, I regarded that institution, in
+some respects, as far less iniquitous than the infamous opium trade
+which so enriched British and American merchants, and of which I saw so
+much during my life in China.
+
+It must have been from his Pilgrim forefather that Mr. Cushing inherited
+a decided antipathy for Great Britain, and it was once said that he
+carried this prejudice so far that he refused to visit England. This
+statement, however, is untrue, as I have before me an amusing article,
+written many years ago by his private secretary, during his mission to
+Spain, which contradicts it. He gives some amusing incidents connected
+with his visit of a few days in London when he and Mr. Cushing were _en
+route_ to Spain. "Mr. Cushing's headwear," he writes, "was a silk hat
+which must have been the fashion of about the time he discarded
+umbrellas. It was slightly pointed at the top and there was, so to say,
+no back or front to it and there was no band for it. As I knew he
+intended paying several visits, I asked him if he would not exchange his
+hat, which at the time was thoroughly soaked, for a new and lighter one.
+The old man took off his ancient hat, examined it critically and then
+said slowly and deliberately, as if delivering an opinion on the bench,
+'No, sir, I think that I shall wait and see what the fashions are in
+Madrid.' It was said with much earnestness, as if it had been a state
+question. A third person would have found it irresistibly funny, but
+there was nothing laughable in it to General Cushing. In fact, his sense
+of humor was of a very grim order." He also writes: "The old man was an
+inveterate smoker, and yet, during the whole period of my intercourse
+with him, I did not see him light a score of fresh cigars. He bought
+them, that is certain, but he must have been averse to lighting them in
+public for he almost invariably had a stump between his lips. Ask him if
+he would have a cigar and the answer would be, 'Thank you, sir, I think
+I have one,' and out would come a dilapidated case, from which he would
+shake from one to half a dozen butts as the supply ran."
+
+While Cushing was Attorney-General under President Pierce, he formed a
+friendship with Madame Calderon de la Barca, of whom I have already
+spoken, who, upon his arrival in Madrid, was one of the first persons to
+greet him. She was then a widow and occupied a high social position at
+the Spanish court. Cushing and she thoroughly enjoyed the renewal of
+their earlier friendship in Washington, and the last visit he made in
+Madrid was when he bade her a final farewell. In 1843, and prior to his
+mission to Spain, Mr. Cushing was appointed by President Tyler Minister
+to China, where his able diplomacy has been the subject of recognition
+and admiration to this day. He carried with him the following
+remarkable letter which he was charged by the President to deliver in
+person to the Emperor. It may have been--who knows?--the first lesson in
+occidental geography submitted to the "Brother of the Sun and the Sister
+of the Moon and Stars." Had the President of the United States been
+called upon to address a country Sunday School, he could hardly have
+exhibited a more conscious effort to adapt himself to the level of his
+hearers. This is the letter:--
+
+     I, John Tyler, President of the United States of
+     America--which states are Maine, New Hampshire,
+     Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York,
+     New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
+     North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky,
+     Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois,
+     Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas and Michigan--send this letter
+     of peace and friendship, signed by my own hand.
+
+     I hope your health is good. China is a great empire,
+     extending over a great part of the world. The Chinese are
+     numerous. You have millions and millions of subjects. The
+     twenty-six United States are as large as China, though our
+     people are not so numerous. The rising sun looks upon the
+     great mountains and great rivers of China. When he sets he
+     looks upon mountains and rivers equally large in the United
+     States. Our territories extend from one great ocean to the
+     other; and on the west we are divided only from your domain
+     by the sea. Leaving the mouth of one of our great rivers and
+     going constantly towards the setting sun we sail to Japan
+     and the Yellow Sea.
+
+     Now, my words are that the governments of two such great
+     countries should be at peace. It is proper and according to
+     the will of heaven that they should respect each other and
+     act wisely. I therefore send to your Court Caleb Cushing one
+     of the wise and learned men of this country. On his first
+     arrival in China he will inquire for your health. He has
+     strict orders to go to your great city of Pekin and there
+     to deliver this letter. He will have with him secretaries
+     and interpreters.
+
+     The Chinese love to trade with our people and sell them tea
+     and silk for which our people pay silver and sometimes other
+     articles. But if the Chinese and Americans will trade there
+     should be rules so that they shall not break your laws or
+     our laws. Our minister, Caleb Cushing, is authorized to make
+     a treaty to regulate trade. Let it be just. Let there be no
+     unfair advantage on either side. Let the people trade not
+     only at Canton, but also at Amoy, Ningpo, Shanghai, Fushan
+     and all such other places as may offer profitable exchanges
+     both to China and the United States, provided they do not
+     break your laws or our laws. We shall not take the part of
+     the evil doers. We shall not uphold them that break your
+     laws. Therefore we doubt that you will be pleased that our
+     messenger of peace, with this letter in hand, shall come to
+     Pekin and there deliver it, and that your great officers
+     will, by your order, make a treaty with him to regulate the
+     affairs of trade, so that nothing may happen to disturb the
+     peace between China and America. Let the treaty be signed by
+     your own imperial hand. It shall be signed by mine, by the
+     authority of the great council, the Senate.
+
+     And so may your health be good and may peace reign.
+
+     Written at Washington this twelfth day of July, in the year
+     of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
+
+          Your good friend,
+
+               JOHN TYLER,
+               President.
+
+Mr. Cushing accordingly negotiated our first treaty with China on the 3d
+of July of the following year, and his ability at that time, as well as
+thereafter, won for him, irrespective of party affiliations, an enviable
+place in the history of American diplomacy. He was sent upon his mission
+to Spain in 1874 by the party which he had opposed from its first
+organization, and his diplomatic erudition was indispensable to the
+State Department during the Grant administration.
+
+Certain events in the career of Mr. Cushing serve to recall the days of
+Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Pierce, whose lives were clouded by a grief that
+saddened the whole of their subsequent career. A short time before
+Pierce's inauguration, the President-elect with Mrs. Pierce and their
+only son, a lad of immature years, were on their way to Andover in
+Massachusetts, when the child was accidentally killed. Mrs. Pierce never
+could be diverted from her all-absorbing sorrow, and I shall always
+remember the grief-stricken expression of this first Lady of the Land.
+Her maiden name was Jane Means Appleton, and she was the daughter of the
+Rev. Dr. Jesse Appleton, President of Bowdoin College. During the Pierce
+administration, Judge John Cadwalader, the father of the present John
+Cadwalader of Philadelphia, was a member of Congress. The son was then a
+mere lad, but he bore such a strong resemblance to the President's son
+that one day when Mrs. Pierce met him she was completely overcome. After
+this boy had become a man and had attained exceptional eminence at the
+bar, he feelingly alluded to this touching incident of his earlier days.
+
+I was very intimately acquainted with Elizabeth and Fanny MacNeil,
+President Pierce's nieces, who were occasional visitors at the White
+House. They were daughters of General John MacNeil, U.S.A., who had
+acquitted himself with distinction in the War of 1812. Elizabeth
+married, as before stated, General Henry W. Benham of the Engineer Corps
+of the Army, and Fanny became the wife of Colonel Chandler E. Potter,
+U.S.A. Dr. Thomas Miller was our family physician for many years. He
+came to Washington from Loudoun County, Virginia, and married Miss
+Virginia Collins Jones, daughter of Walter Jones, an eminent lawyer.
+During the Pierce administration he was physician to the President's
+family.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+MARRIAGE AND CONTINUED LIFE IN WASHINGTON
+
+
+I met my future father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., for the first
+time in Cold Spring, New York. Mr. Gouverneur, accompanied by his second
+wife, then a bride, who was Miss Mary Digges Lee, of Needwood, Frederick
+County, Maryland, and a granddaughter of Thomas Sim Lee, second Governor
+of the same state, was the guest of Gouverneur Kemble. When I first knew
+Mr. Gouverneur he possessed every gift that fortune as well as nature
+can bestow. To quote the words of Eliab Kingman, a lifelong friend of
+his and who for many years was the Nestor of the Washington press, "he
+even possessed a seductive voice." General Scott, prior to my marriage
+into the family, remarked to me that there "was something in Mr.
+Gouverneur lacking of greatness."
+
+The history of my husband's family is so well known that it seems almost
+superfluous to dwell upon it, but, as these reminiscences are purely
+personal, I may at least incidentally refer to it. Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+Sr., was the youngest child of Nicholas Gouverneur and his wife, Hester
+Kortright, a daughter of Lawrence Kortright, a prominent merchant of New
+York and at one time president of its Chamber of Commerce. He was
+graduated from Columbia College in New York in the class of 1817, and
+married his first cousin, Maria Hester Monroe, the younger daughter of
+James Monroe. This wedding took place in the East Room of the White
+House. My husband, Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr., was the youngest child of
+this alliance. _The National Intelligencer_ of March 11, 1820, contained
+the following brief marriage notice:
+
+     _Married_
+
+     On Thursday evening last [March 9th], in this City, by the
+     Reverend Mr. [William] Hawley, Samuel Laurence Gouverneur,
+     Esq., of New York, to Miss Maria Hester Monroe, youngest
+     daughter of James Monroe, President of the United States.
+
+For a number of years Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., was private secretary
+to his father-in-law, President Monroe. In 1825 he was a member of the
+New York Legislature, and from 1828 to 1836 Postmaster of the City of
+New York. For many years, like the gentlemen of his day and class, he
+was much interested in racehorses and at one time owned the famous
+horse, _Post Boy_. He was also deeply interested in the drama and it was
+partially through his efforts that many brilliant stars were brought to
+this country to perform at the Bowery Theater in New York, of which he
+was a partial owner. Among its other owners were Prosper M. Wetmore, the
+well-known author and regent of the University of the State of New York,
+and General James A. Hamilton, son of Alexander Hamilton and acting
+Secretary of State in 1829, under Jackson. Mr. Gouverneur was a man of
+decidedly social tastes and at one period of his life owned and occupied
+the De Menou buildings on H Street in Washington, where, during the life
+of his first wife, he gave some brilliant entertainments. It was from
+this house that his son, and my future husband, went to the Mexican War.
+Many years subsequent to my marriage I heard Rear Admiral John J. Almy,
+U.S.N., describe some of the entertainments given by the Gouverneur
+family, and he usually wound up his reminiscences by informing me that
+sixteen baskets of champagne were frequently consumed by the guests
+during a single evening. My old friend, Emily Mason, loved to refer to
+these parties and told me that she made her _debut_ at one of them. The
+house was well adapted for entertainments, as there were four spacious
+drawing-rooms, two on each side of a long hall, one side being reserved
+for dancing.
+
+At the time of the Gouverneur-Monroe wedding the bride was but sixteen
+years of age, and many years younger than her only sister, Eliza, who
+was the wife of Judge George Hay of Virginia, the United States
+District-Attorney of that State, and the prosecuting officer at the
+trial of Aaron Burr. Mrs. Hay was educated in Paris at Madame Campan's
+celebrated school, where she was the associate and friend of Hortense de
+Beauharnais, subsequently the Queen of Holland and the mother of
+Napoleon III. The Rev. Dr. William Hawley, who performed the marriage
+ceremony of Miss Monroe and Mr. Gouverneur, was the rector of old St.
+John's Church in Washington. He was a gentleman of the old school and
+always wore knee breeches and shoe buckles. In the War of 1812 he
+commanded a company of divinity students in New York, enlisted for the
+protection of the city. It is said that when ordered to the frontier he
+refused to go and resigned his commission, and I have heard that
+Commodore Stephen Decatur refused to attend St. John's Church during his
+rectorship, because he said he did not care to listen to a man who
+refused to obey orders.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. JAMES MONROE, NEE KORTRIGHT, BY BENJAMIN WEST.
+
+_Original portrait owned by Mrs. Gouverneur._]
+
+Only the relatives and personal friends attended the Gouverneur-Monroe
+wedding at the White House; even the members of the Cabinet were not
+invited. The gallant General Thomas S. Jesup, one of the heroes of the
+War of 1812 and Subsistance Commissary General of the Army, acted as
+groomsman to Mr. Gouverneur. Two of his daughters, Mrs. James Blair and
+Mrs. Augustus S. Nicholson, still reside at the National Capital and are
+prominent "old Washingtonians." After this quiet wedding, Mr. and Mrs.
+Gouverneur left Washington upon a bridal tour and about a week later
+returned to the White House, where, at a reception, Mrs. Monroe gave up
+her place as hostess to mingle with her guests, while Mrs. Gouverneur
+received in her place. Commodore and Mrs. Stephen Decatur, who lived on
+Lafayette Square, gave the bride her first ball, and two mornings later,
+on the twenty-second of March, 1820, Decatur fought his fatal duel with
+Commodore James Barron and was brought home a corpse. "The bridal
+festivities," wrote Mrs. William Winston Seaton, wife of the editor of
+_The National Intelligencer_, "have received a check which will prevent
+any further attentions to the President's family, in the murder of
+Decatur." The invitations already sent out for an entertainment in honor
+of the bride and groom by Commodore David Porter, father of the late
+Admiral David D. Porter, U.S.N., were immediately countermanded.
+
+I never had the pleasure of knowing my mother-in-law, Mrs. Maria Hester
+Monroe Gouverneur, as she died some years before my marriage, but I
+learned to revere her through her son, whose tender regard for her was
+one of the absorbing affections of his life and changed the whole
+direction of his career. At an early age he was appointed a Lieutenant
+in the regular Army and served with distinction through the Mexican War
+in the Fourth Artillery. On one occasion subsequent to that conflict,
+while his mother was suffering from a protracted illness, he applied to
+the War Department for leave of absence in order that he might visit her
+sick bed; and when it was not granted he resigned his commission and
+thus sacrificed an enviable position to his sense of filial duty. Many
+years later, after my husband's decease, in looking over his papers I
+found these lines written by him just after his mother's death:--
+
+"A man through life has but _one_ true friend and that friend generally
+leaves him early. Man enters the lists of life but ere he has fought his
+way far that friend falls by his side; he never finds another so fond,
+so true, so faithful to the last--_His Mother_!"
+
+Mrs. Gouverneur was somewhat literary in her tastes and, like many
+others of her time, regarded it as an accomplishment to express herself
+in verse on sentimental occasions. One of my daughters, whom she never
+saw, owns the original manuscript of the following lines written as a
+tribute of friendship to the daughter of President John Tyler, at the
+time of her marriage:--
+
+    TO MISS TYLER ON HER WEDDING DAY.
+
+    The day, the happy day, has come
+      That gives you to your lover's arms;
+    Check not the tear or rising bloom
+      That springs from all those strange alarms.
+
+    To be a blest and happy wife
+      Is what all women wish to prove;
+    And may you know through all your life
+      The dear delights of wedded love.
+
+    'Tis not strange that you should feel
+      Confused in every thought and feeling;
+    Your bosom heave, the tear should steal
+      At thoughts of all the friends you're leaving.
+
+    Happy girl may your life prove,
+      All sunshine, joy and purest pleasure;
+    One long, long day of happy love,
+      Your husband's joy, his greatest treasure.
+
+    Be to him all that woman ought,
+      In joy and health and every sorrow;
+    Let his true pleasures be only sought
+      With you to-day, with you to-morrow.
+
+    Believe not that in palace walls
+      'Tis only there that joy you'll find;
+    At home with friends in your own halls
+      There's more content and peace of mind.
+
+    More splendor you may find 'tis true,
+      And glitter, show, and elevation,
+    But if the world of you speak true,
+      You prize not wealth or this high station.
+
+    Your heart's too pure, your mind too high,
+      To prize such empty pomp and state;
+    You leave such scenes without a sigh
+      To court the joys that on you wait.
+
+After meeting Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur, my future husband's father and
+his second wife, at Cold Spring, I renewed my acquaintance with them in
+Washington, where they were living in an old-fashioned house on New York
+Avenue, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets. We often welcomed Mrs.
+Gouverneur as a guest at our Washington home and I was subsequently
+invited to visit her at their country seat, Needwood, Frederick County,
+Maryland, located upon a tract of land chiefly composed of large farms
+at one time owned exclusively by the Lee family. I quote Mrs.
+Gouverneur's graceful letter of invitation:--
+
+     My dear Miss Campbell,
+
+     I can not refrain from writing to remind you of your promise
+     to us; this must be about the time fixed upon, (at least we
+     all feel as if it was), and the season is so delightful, not
+     to mention the strawberries which will be in great
+     perfection this week--these reasons, together with our great
+     desire to see you, determined me to give you warning that we
+     are surely expecting you, and hope to hear very soon from
+     you to say when we may send to the _Knoxville_ depot for
+     you. I would be so much gratified if Mrs. Eames would come
+     with you; it would give us all the sincerest pleasure, and I
+     do not think that such a journey would be injurious. You
+     leave Washington to come here on the early (6 o'clock)
+     train, get out at the Relay House, and wait until the
+     western cars pass, (about 8 o'clock), get into them, and
+     reach Knoxville at 12 o'clock. So you see that altogether
+     you have only six hours, and you rest more than half an hour
+     at the Relay House. From Knoxville our carriage brings you
+     to "Needwood" in less than an hour. If there is any
+     gentleman you would like to come as an escort Mr. G. and
+     myself will be most happy to see him. Dr. Jones, you know,
+     does intend to travel about a little and said he would come
+     to see us; perhaps he will come with you, or Mr. Hibbard I
+     should be most happy to see--anyone in short whom you choose
+     to bring will be most welcome. Tell Mr. Hibbard I read his
+     speech and admired it as I presume everyone does. Good-bye,
+     dear Miss Campbell. I hope you will aid me in persuading
+     Mrs. Eames to come with you. My warmest regards to Mrs.
+     Campbell and your sisters, in which my sister [Mrs. Eugene
+     H. Lynch] and Mr. Gouverneur unite.
+
+          Believe me, yours most truly,
+
+               M. D. GOUVERNEUR.
+
+     Needwood, May 22nd, 1854.
+
+I accepted the invitation and, while I was Mrs. Gouverneur's guest, my
+sister Margaret was visiting one of the adjoining places at the home of
+Colonel John Lee, whose wife's maiden name was Harriet Carroll. She was
+a granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and their home was the
+former residence of another ancestor, Governor Thomas Sim Lee of
+Maryland. During my visit at Needwood I renewed the acquaintance of my
+future husband, which I had formed a number of years before at the
+wedding of Miss Fanny Monroe and Douglas Robinson, of which I have
+previously spoken. It is unnecessary to refer to his appearance, which I
+have already described, but I am sure it is not unnatural for me to add
+that a year after the conclusion of the Mexican War he was brevetted for
+gallantry and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and
+Churubusco. While his general bearing spoke well for his military
+training, his mind was a storehouse of information which I learned to
+appreciate more and more as the years rolled by. But of all his fine
+characteristics I valued and revered him most for his fine sense of
+honor and sterling integrity. Like his mother, Mr. Gouverneur was
+literary in his tastes and occasionally gave vent to his feelings in
+verse. In 1852 Oak Hill, the stately old Monroe place in Virginia where
+he had spent much of his early life, was about to pass out of the
+family. He was naturally much distressed over the sale of the home so
+intimately associated with his childhood's memory, and a few days prior
+to his final departure wrote the following lines. In after years nothing
+could ever induce him to visit Oak Hill.
+
+    FAREWELL TO OAK HILL, 1852, ON DEPARTING THENCE.
+
+    The autumn rains are falling fast,
+    Earth, the heavens are overcast;
+    The rushing winds mournful sigh,
+    Whispering, alas! good-bye;
+    To each fond remembrance farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+    The mighty oaks beneath whose shade
+    In boyhood's happier hours I've played,
+    Bend to the mountain blast's wild sweep,
+    Scattering spray they seem to weep;
+    To each moss-grown tree farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+    The little mound now wild o'ergrown,
+    On the bosom of which my tears have oft flown,
+    Where my mother beside her mother lies sleeping,
+    O'er them the rank grass, bright dew drops are weeping;
+    To that hallowed spot farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+    Oh, home of my boyhood, why must I depart?
+    Tears I am shedding and wild throbs my heart;
+    Home of my manhood, oh! would I had died
+    And lain me to rest by my dead mother's side,
+    Ere my tongue could have uttered farewell and forever,
+    Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!
+
+Mr. Gouverneur's pathetic allusion to the graves of his mother and
+grandmother affords me an opportunity of saying that in 1903 the
+Legislature of Virginia appropriated a sum of money sufficient to
+remove the remains of Mrs. Monroe and her daughter, Mrs. Gouverneur,
+from Oak Hill. They now rest in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia,
+on opposite sides of the grave of James Monroe.
+
+The friendship of Mr. Gouverneur and myself ripened into a deep
+affection, and the winter following my visit to Needwood we announced
+our engagement. I was warmly welcomed into the Gouverneur family, as
+will appear from the following letter:
+
+     I can not longer defer, my dear Marian, expressing the great
+     gratification I experienced when Sam informed me of his
+     happiness in having gained your heart. It is most agreeable
+     to me that you of all the women I know should be the object
+     of his choice. How little I anticipated such a result from
+     the short visit you made us last summer. Sam is in an
+     Elysium of bliss. I have lately had a charming letter from
+     him, of course all about his lady love. I think you too have
+     every reason to anticipate a life of happiness, not more
+     marred than we must all look for in this world. Sam is very
+     warm-hearted and affectionate and possesses a fine mind, as
+     you know, and when he marries, you will have nothing to wish
+     for. These are his own sentiments and I assure you I
+     entirely agree with him.
+
+     Mr. Gouverneur is greatly gratified and both wrote and told
+     me how nobly you expressed yourself to him.
+
+     I am going to Baltimore to-day to meet Mr. G. and perhaps
+     may go to Washington. If I do you will see me soon after I
+     arrive there. I feel as if I should like so much to talk to
+     my future daughter. I take the warmest interest in
+     everything concerning Sam's happiness, and my heart is now
+     overflowing with thankfulness to you for having contributed
+     so much to it.
+
+     Please remember me in the kindest manner to your mother,
+     whose warm hospitality I have not forgotten, and to the
+     girls. My sincere congratulations to Margaret who Mary
+     [Lee] writes me is as happy as the day is long. Ellen
+     desires me to present her congratulations to you and
+     Margaret.
+
+          Believe me, very sincerely yours,
+
+               M. D. GOUVERNEUR.
+
+     Needwood, Feb. 14th.
+
+I was married in Washington in the old G Street house, and the occasion
+was made especially festive by the presence of many friends from out of
+town. We were married by the Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, rector of St. John's
+Episcopal Church, and I recall his nervous state of mind, owing to the
+fact that he had forgotten to inquire whether a marriage license had
+been procured; but when he was assured that everything was in due form
+he was quite himself again. Among those who came from New York to attend
+the wedding were General Scott; my father's old friend and associate,
+Hugh Maxwell; his daughter, now the wife of Rear Admiral John H. Upshur,
+U.S.N.; and Miss Sally Strother and her mother. Miss Emily Harper and
+Mrs. Solomon B. Davies, who was Miss Bettie Monroe, my husband's
+relative, came from Baltimore and, of course, Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur
+and Miss Mary Lee from Needwood were also present.
+
+My own family circle was small, as my sister, Mrs. Eames, and her young
+children were in Venezuela, where her husband was the U.S. Minister; but
+I was married in the presence of my mother, my two younger sisters,
+Margaret and Charlotte, and my brothers, James and Malcolm. Mr.
+Gouverneur's only sister, Elizabeth, who some years before had married
+Dr. Henry Lee Heiskell, Assistant Surgeon General of the Army,
+accompanied by her husband and son, the late James Monroe Heiskell, of
+Baltimore, a handsome and promising youth, were also there. Among the
+other guests were Charles Sumner, Caleb Cushing and Stephen A. Douglas,
+none of whom at that time were married; Peter Grayson Washington, then
+Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, and a relative of my husband; Miss
+Katharine Maria Wright, who shortly thereafter married Baron J. C.
+Gevers, _Charge d'affaires_ from Holland; her brother, Edward Wright, of
+Newark; John G. Floyd of Long Island; James Guthrie, Secretary of the
+Treasury, and his two daughters; William L. Marcy, Secretary of State,
+and his wife; their daughter, Miss Cornelia Marcy, subsequently Mrs.
+Edmund Pendleton; Baron von Grabow and Alexandre Gau of the Prussian
+Legation, the latter of whom married my sister, Margaret, the following
+year; Mr. and Mrs. William T. Carroll; Lieutenant (subsequently Rear
+Admiral) James S. Palmer of the Navy; Jerome E. Kidder of Boston, and
+General William J. Hardee, U.S.A.
+
+A few days before my marriage I received the following letter from
+Edward Everett:--
+
+     BOSTON, 23 Feb.
+
+     My dear Miss Campbell,
+
+     I had much pleasure in receiving this morning Mrs.
+     Campbell's invitation and your kind note of the 20th. I am
+     greatly indebted to you for remembering me on an occasion of
+     so much interest and importance, and I beg to offer you my
+     sincere congratulations.
+
+     Greatly would it rejoice me to be able to avail myself of
+     your invitation to be present at your nuptials.
+
+     But the state of my health and of my family makes this
+     impossible. But I shall certainly be with you in spirit, and
+     with cordial wishes for your happiness.
+
+     Praying my kindest remembrance to your mother and sisters, I
+     remain,
+
+          my dear Miss Campbell,
+
+               Sincerely your friend,
+
+                    EDWARD EVERETT.
+
+     P.S. I suppose you saw in the papers a day or two ago that
+     poor Miss Russell is gone.
+
+The Miss Russell referred to by Mr. Everett was Miss Ida Russell, one
+of three handsome and brilliant sisters prominent in Boston in the
+society of the day.
+
+Soon after my marriage my husband and I made a round of visits to his
+numerous family connections. It is with more than usual pleasure that I
+recall the beautiful old home of Mr. Gouverneur's aunt, Mrs. Thomas
+Cadwalader, near Trenton, which a few years later was destroyed by fire.
+A guest of the Cadwaladers at the same time with ourselves was my
+husband's first cousin, the Rev. Robert Livingston Tillotson of New
+York, who studied for the Episcopal ministry and subsequently entered
+the Roman Catholic priesthood.
+
+From Trenton, we journeyed to Yonkers, New York, to visit the Van
+Cortlandt family at the historic manor-house in that vicinity. It was
+then owned and occupied by Mr. Gouverneur's relatives, Dr. Edward N.
+Bibby and his son, Augustus, the latter of whom had recently changed his
+name from Bibby to Van Cortlandt, as a consideration for the inheritance
+of this fine old estate. Dr. Bibby married Miss Augusta White of the Van
+Cortlandt descent, and for many years was a prominent physician in New
+York City. When I visited the family, he had retired from active
+practice and was enjoying a serene old age surrounded by his children
+and grandchildren. Henry Warburton Bibby, the Doctor's second son, was
+also one of this household at the time of our visit. He never married
+but retained his social tastes until his death a few years ago.
+
+In the drawing-room of the Van Cortlandt home stood a superb pair of
+brass andirons in the form of lions, which had been presented to Mrs.
+Augustus Van Cortlandt by my husband's mother as a bridal present. They
+had been brought by James Monroe upon his return from France, where he
+had been sent upon his historic diplomatic mission by Washington. The
+style of life led by the Van Cortlandt family was fascinating to me as,
+even at this late date, they clung to many of the old family customs
+inherited from their ancestors. Our next visit was to the cottage of
+William Kemble in Cold Spring, and it seemed to me like returning to an
+old and familiar haunt. My marriage into the Gouverneur family added
+another link in the chain of friendship attaching me to the members of
+the Kemble family, as they were relatives of my husband. I was
+entertained while there by the whole family connection, and I recall
+with especial pleasure the dinner parties at Gouverneur Kemble's and at
+Mrs. Robert P. Parrott's. Martin Van Buren was visiting "Uncle Gouv" at
+the time, and I was highly gratified to meet him again, as his presence
+not only revived memories of childhood's days during my father's
+lifetime in New York, but also materially assisted in rendering the
+entertainments given in my honor at Cold Spring unusually delightful.
+From Cold Spring we drove to The Grange, near Garrison's, another
+homestead familiar to me in former days, and the residence of Frederick
+Philipse, where I renewed my acquaintance with old friends who now
+greeted me as a relative. At this beautiful home I saw a pair of
+andirons even handsomer than those at the Van Cortlandt mansion. They
+were at least two feet high and represented trumpeters. The historic
+house was replete with ancestral furniture and fine old portraits, one
+of which was attributed to Vandyke.
+
+The whole Philipse and Gouverneur connection at Garrison's were devoted
+Episcopalians and were largely instrumental in building a fine church at
+Garrison's, which they named St. Philips. In more recent years a
+congregation of prominent families has worshiped in this edifice--among
+others, the Fishes, Ardens, Livingstons, Osborns and Sloanes. For many
+years the beloved rector of this church was the Rev. Dr. Charles F.
+Hoffman, a gentleman of great wealth and much scholarly ability. He and
+his brother, the late Rev. Dr. Eugene A. Hoffman, Dean of the General
+Theological Seminary in New York, devoted their lives and fortunes to
+the cause of religion. Residents of New York are familiar with All
+Angels Church, built by the late Rev. Dr. Charles F. Hoffman on West End
+Avenue, of which he was rector for a number of years. During his life at
+Garrison's, both Dr. and Mrs. Hoffman were very acceptable to my
+husband's relatives, especially as the Doctor was connected with the
+family by right of descent from a Gouverneur forbear. Charles F. Hoffman
+married Miss Eleanor Louisa Vail, a daughter of David M. Vail of New
+Brunswick, New Jersey, who in every way proved herself an able helpmeet
+to him. Mrs. Hoffman was educated at Miss Hannah Hoyt's school in New
+Brunswick, a fashionable institution of the day, and at a reunion of the
+scholars held in recent years, she was mentioned in the following
+appropriate manner: "Nearly half a century ago, in the well-known Miss
+Hoyt's school, was Eleanor Louisa Vail who was noted for her good
+lessons and considerate ways towards all. She never overlooked those who
+were less fortunate than herself, but gave aid to any who needed it,
+either in their lessons or in a more substantial form. In the wider
+circle of New York the benevolent Mrs. Hoffman, the wife of the late
+generous rector of All Angels Church, but fulfilled the promise made by
+the beautiful girl of former days." Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman's
+daughter, Mrs. J. Van Vechten Olcott, is as beloved in her generation as
+her mother was before her.
+
+Samuel Mongan Warburton Gouverneur, a younger brother of Frederick
+Philipse, was living at The Grange at the time of my visit. Some years
+later he built a handsome house in the neighborhood which he called
+"Eagle's Rest," and resided there with his sister, Miss Mary Marston
+Gouverneur. After his death, the place was sold to the late Louis
+Fitzgerald, who made it his home.
+
+After six months spent in the mountainous regions of Maryland, not far
+from Cumberland, on property owned by my husband's family, Mr.
+Gouverneur and I returned to Washington and began our married life in my
+mother's home. Soon after we had settled down, my eldest daughter was
+born. The death of my sister, Mrs. Alexandre Gau, from typhoid fever
+soon followed. It was naturally a terrible shock to us all and
+especially to me, as we were near of an age and our lives had been side
+by side from infancy. My mother, in her great affliction, broke up her
+home and Mr. Gouverneur and I rented a house on Twelfth Street, near N
+Street, a locality then regarded as quite suburban. Here I endeavored to
+live in the closest retirement, as the meeting with friends of former
+days only served to bring my sorrow more keenly before me.
+
+Meanwhile my whole life was devoted to the little girl whom we had named
+Maud Campbell, and who, of course, had become "part and parcel" of my
+quiet life. Mr. Gouverneur was the last surviving member of his family
+in the male line, and the whole family connection was looking to me to
+perpetuate his name. Soon after the birth of my daughter my husband
+received the following characteristic letter from Mr. Gouverneur's aunt,
+Mrs. David Johnstone Verplanck, who before her marriage was Louisa A.
+Gouverneur, a gifted woman whose home was in New York:
+
+     THURSDAY, April 10th.
+
+     My dear Sam,
+
+     In return for your kind recollections I hasten to offer my
+     most sincere congratulations to yourself and Mrs. G. As
+     husband and father you have now realized all the romance of
+     life, the pleasures of which I have little doubt you already
+     begin to feel deeply intermingled with many anxious hours.
+     It is wisest and best to enjoy all that good fortune sends
+     and fortify ourselves to meet and endure the trials to which
+     our Destiny has allotted.
+
+     Tell Mrs. G. that we must send for the girdle the old woman
+     sent the Empress Eugenie. She had a succession of seven
+     sons, and requested her to wear it for luck. As it was very
+     dirty the royal lady sent it back. It might be procured and
+     undergo the purifying influence of water. All I can say at
+     present to console your disappointment I hope a son will
+     soon consummate all your joys and wishes. You know it rests
+     with you to keep the name of Gouverneur in the land of the
+     living. It is nearly extinct and you its only salvation.
+
+     I regret to hear your father is unwell at Barnum's [Hotel,
+     Baltimore]. I hope he will soon be with us. I long to see
+     him.
+
+          Believe me always your friend,
+
+               LOUISA VERPLANCK.
+
+I also append a letter received by Mr. Gouverneur from Mrs. William
+Kemble (Margaret Chatham Seth), which recalled many tender associations.
+
+     NEW YORK 11th April.
+
+     I need not tell you, my dear friend, how much we were all
+     gratified by your kind remembrance of us, in the midst of
+     your own anxiety and joy, to give us the first news of our
+     dear Marian's safety. Give my very best love to her and a
+     kiss to Miss Gouverneur with whom I hope to be better
+     acquainted hereafter.
+
+     Mr. and Mrs. Nourse with our dear little Charlie left us
+     yesterday for Washington. You will probably see them before
+     you receive this. I feel assured that Marian is blessed in
+     being with her mother who has every experience necessary for
+     her. Therefore it is idle for me to give my advice but I
+     must say, keep her quiet, not to be too smart or anxious to
+     show her baby--at first--and she will be better able to do
+     it afterwards. May God bless you all three and that this
+     dear pledge committed to your charge be to you both every
+     comfort and joy that your anxious hearts can wish. Please to
+     give my best regards and wishes to Mrs. Campbell and her
+     daughter from
+
+          your sincerely attached friend and cousin,
+
+               M. C. KEMBLE.
+
+On the corner of Fourteenth and P Streets, and not far from our home,
+was the residence of Eliab Kingman, an intimate friend of Mr.
+Gouverneur's father. This locality, now such a business center, was
+decidedly rural, and Mr. Kingman's quaint and old-fashioned house was in
+the middle of a small farm. It was an oddly constructed dwelling and the
+interior was made unusually attractive by its wealth of curios, among
+which was a large collection of Indian relics. After his death I
+attended an auction held in the old home and I remember that these
+curiosities were purchased by Ben Perley Poore, the well-known
+journalist. Although many years his senior, my husband found Mr. Kingman
+and his home a source of great pleasure to him, and he formed an
+attachment for his father's early friend which lasted through life. The
+Kingman house was the rendezvous of both literary and political circles.
+William H. Seward was one of its frequent visitors and I once heard him
+wittily remark that it might appropriately be worshiped, as it resembled
+nothing "that is in the Heaven above, or in the earth beneath, or the
+water under the earth." For a number of years Mr. Kingman was a
+correspondent of _The Baltimore Sun_ under the _nom de plume_ of "Ion."
+His communications were entirely confined to political topics and he was
+such a skilled diplomatist that the adherents of either party, after
+perusing them, might easily recognize him as their own advocate. Thomas
+Seaton Donoho, of whom I shall speak presently, was a warm friend of Mr.
+Kingman and the constant recipient of his hospitality. Among his poems
+is a graceful sonnet entitled
+
+    E. KINGMAN.
+
+    Ever will I remember with delight
+      Strawberry Knoll; not for the berries red,
+      As, ere my time, the vines were out of bed,
+    And gone; but many a day and many a night
+    Have given me argument to love it well,
+      Whether in Summer, 'neath its perfumed shade,
+      Whether by moonlight's magic wand arrayed,
+    Or when in Winter's lap the rose leaves fell,
+    For pleasant faces ever there were found,
+      For genial welcome ever met me there,
+    And thou, my friend, when thought went smiling round,
+      Madest her calm look, reflecting thine, more fair.
+    Those who have known thee as a Statesman, know
+    Thy noon-day: I have felt thy great heart's sunset glow!
+
+Mr. Kingman married Miss Cordelia Ewell of Virginia, a relative of
+General Richard S. Ewell of the Confederate Army. She was in some
+respects a remarkable character, a "dyed-in-the-wool" Southerner and a
+woman of unusual personal charm and ability. In dress, manner and
+general appearance she presented a fitting reminder of the _grande dame_
+of long ago. Her style of dress reminded one of the Quaker school. Her
+gray gown with a white kerchief crossed neatly upon her breast and her
+gray hair with puffs clustered around her ears, together with her quaint
+manner of courtesying as she greeted her guests, suggested the familiar
+setting of an old-fashioned picture. She was an accomplished performer
+upon the harp as well as an authority upon old English literature. In
+all the years I knew her I never heard of her leaving her house. She had
+no children and her constant companion was a venerable parrot.
+
+John Savage, familiarly known as "Jack" Savage, was an intimate friend
+of the Kingmans and also a frequent guest of ours. He was an Irish
+patriot of 1848 and was remarkable for his versatility. He had a fine
+voice, and I remember seeing him on one occasion hold his audience
+spell-bound while singing "The Temptation of St. Anthony." He was an
+accomplished journalist and the author of several books, one of which,
+"The Modern Revolutionary History and Literature of Ireland," has been
+pronounced the best work extant "on the last great revolutionary era of
+the Irish race."
+
+After the Civil War I often met at Mr. Kingman's house General Benjamin
+F. Butler, whose withering gift of sarcasm is still remembered. Simon
+Cameron, Lincoln's first Secretary of War, was also a frequent visitor
+there. He was an unusually genial and cordial gentleman, and some years
+later Mr. Kingman and my husband, upon his urgent invitation, visited
+him at his handsome country place, Lochiel, in Pennsylvania. His fine
+graperies made such a vivid impression upon my husband that his
+description of them almost enabled me to see the luscious fruit itself
+before me.
+
+My old friends, Purser Horatio Bridge, U.S.N., and his wife, lived on
+the corner of K and Fourteenth Streets at a hotel then known as the
+Rugby House. Mrs. Bridge was a sister of the famous beauty, Miss Emily
+Marshall, who married Harrison Gray Otis of Boston. Mr. Bridge, while on
+the active list, had been stationed for a time in Washington and,
+finding the life congenial and attractive, returned here after his
+retirement and with his wife made his home at the Rugby House. While
+there the hotel was offered for sale and was bought by Mr. Bridge, who
+enlarged it and changed its name to The Hamilton, in compliment to Mrs.
+Hamilton Holly, an intimate friend of Mrs. Bridge and the daughter of
+Alexander Hamilton. Mrs. Holly, my old and cherished friend, lived in a
+picturesque cottage on I Street, on the site of the present Russian
+embassy, where so many years later the wife and daughter of Benjamin F.
+Tracy, Harrison's Secretary of the Navy, lost their lives in a fire that
+destroyed the house. Among the attractions of this home was a remarkable
+collection of Hamilton relics which subsequent to Mrs. Holly's death was
+sold at public auction. The sale, however, did not attract any
+particular attention, as the craze for antiques had not yet developed
+and the souvenir fiend was then unknown.
+
+It was while I was living on Twelfth Street that I first met Miss
+Margaret Edes, so well known in after years to Washingtonians. She was
+visiting her relatives, the Donoho family, which lived in my immediate
+vicinity. Her host's father was connected with _The National
+Intelligencer_, and the son, Thomas Seaton Donoho, was named after
+William Winston Seaton, one of its editors. Thomas Seaton Donoho was a
+truly interesting character. He was decidedly romantic in his ideas and
+many incidents of his life were curiously associated with the ivy vine.
+He planted a sprig of it in front of his three-story house, which was
+built very much upon the plan of every other dwelling in the
+neighborhood, and called his abode "Ivy Hall"; while his property in the
+vicinity of Washington he named "Ivy City," a locality so well known
+to-day by the same name to the sporting fraternity. His book of poems,
+published in Washington in 1860, is entitled "Ivy-wall"; and, to cap the
+climax, when a girl was born into the Donoho family she was baptized in
+mid-ocean as "Atlantic May Ivy." In addition to his poems, he published,
+in 1850, a drama in three acts, entitled, "Goldsmith of Padua," and two
+years later "Oliver Cromwell," a tragedy in five acts.
+
+Soon after my marriage, Mr. Gouverneur acted as one of the pallbearers
+at the funeral of his early friend, Gales Seaton, the son of William
+Winston Seaton, and a most accomplished man of affairs. In those days
+honorary pallbearers were unknown and the coffin was borne to the grave
+by those with whom the deceased had been most intimately associated. The
+Seatons owned a family vault, and the body was carried down into it by
+Mr. Seaton's old friends. After the funeral I heard Mr. Gouverneur speak
+of observing a coffin which held the remains of Mrs. Francis Schroeder,
+who was Miss Caroline Seaton, and whose husband, the father of Rear
+Admiral Seaton Schroeder, U.S.N., was at one time U.S. Minister to
+Sweden and Norway. Seaton Munroe, a nephew of Gales Seaton, was
+prominent in Washington society. He never married and many persons
+regarded him as the Ward McAllister of the Capital. When Colonel Sanford
+C. Kellogg, U.S.A., then military _attache_ of the U.S. Embassy in
+Paris, heard of Munroe's death, he wrote to a mutual friend: "I do not
+believe the man lives who has done more for the happiness and welfare of
+others than Seaton Munroe." He was one of the prominent founders of the
+Metropolitan Club, which commenced its career in the old Morris house on
+the corner of Vermont Avenue and H Street; and later, when it moved to
+the Graham residence on the corner of Fifteenth and H Streets, he
+continued to be one of its most popular and influential members.
+
+In April, 1858, occurred the famous Gwin ball, so readily recalled by
+old Washingtonians. It was a fancy-dress affair, and it was the
+intention of Senator and Mrs. William McKendree Gwin of California that
+it should be the most brilliant of its kind that the National Capital
+had ever known. Of course Mr. Gouverneur and I did not attend, owing to
+my deep mourning, but I shall always remember the pleasure and amusement
+we derived in dressing Mr. Kingman for the occasion. We decked him out
+in the old court dress which Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, James Monroe,
+wore during his diplomatic mission in France. As luck would have it the
+suit fitted him perfectly, and the next day it was quite as gratifying
+to us as to Mr. Kingman to hear that the costume attracted marked
+attention.
+
+The ball was rightly adjudged a brilliant success. Among the guests was
+President Buchanan, though not, of course, in fancy dress. Senator Gwin
+represented Louis Quatorze; Ben Perley Poore, "Major Jack Downing"; Lord
+Napier, George Hammond--the first British Minister to the United States;
+Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas, Aurora; Mrs. Jefferson Davis, Madame de Stael;
+and so on down the list. It is probable that the wife of Senator
+Clement C. Clay, of Alabama, who represented Mrs. Partington, attracted
+more attention and afforded more amusement than any other guest.
+Washington had fairly teemed with her brilliant repartee and other
+bright sayings, and upon this occasion she was, if possible, more than
+ever in her element. She had a witty encounter with the President and a
+familiar home-thrust for all whom she encountered. Many of the public
+characters present, when lashed by her sparkling humor, were either
+unable or unwilling to respond. She was accompanied by "Ike," Mrs.
+Partington's son, impersonated by a clever youth of ten years, son of
+John M. Sandidge of Louisiana. Mr. John Von Sonntag Haviland, formerly
+of the U.S. Army, wrote a metrical description of this ball, and in
+referring to Mrs. Clay, thus expresses himself:--
+
+    Mark how the grace that gilds an honored name,
+    Gives a strange zest to that loquacious dame
+    Whose ready tongue and easy blundering wit
+    Provoke fresh uproar at each happy hit!
+    Note how her humour into strange grimace
+    Tempts the smooth meekness of yon Quaker's face.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    But--denser grows the crowd round Partington;
+    'Twere vain to try to name them one by one.
+
+Mr. Haviland added this to the above:--"Mrs. Senator Clay, with knitting
+in hand, snuff-box in pocket, and 'Ike, the Inevitable,' by her side,
+acted out her difficult character so as to win the unanimous verdict
+that her personation of the loquacious _mal-aprops_ dame was the leading
+feature of the evening's entertainment. Go where she would through the
+spacious halls, a crowd of eager listeners followed her footsteps,
+drinking in her instant repartees, which were really superior in wit and
+appositeness, and, indeed, in the vein of the famous dame's _cacoethes_,
+even to the original contribution of Shillaber to the nonsensical
+literature of the day."
+
+One of the guests at this ball was the wife of the late Major General
+William H. Emery, U.S.A., whose maiden name was Matilda Bache. She was
+arrayed for the evening in the garb of a Quakeress, and it is to her
+that Mr. Haviland alludes in his reference to the "smooth meekness of
+yon Quaker's face."
+
+At the commencement of the Civil War, Senator Gwin was arrested on a
+charge of disloyalty and imprisoned until 1863. He then went to Paris,
+where he became interested in a scheme for the colonization by
+Southerners of the State of Sonora in Mexico, in consequence of which he
+was sometimes facetiously called the "Duke of Sonora." While thus
+engaged, he was invited to meet the Emperor, Napoleon III., in private
+audience, and succeeded in enlisting his sympathies. It is said that,
+upon the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he formulated a
+plan for the colony which, after receiving the Emperor's approval, was
+submitted to Maximilian. The latter was then in Paris and requested Mr.
+Gwin's attendance at the Tuileries where, after diligent inquiry, the
+scheme received the approbation of Maximilian. Two weeks after the
+departure of the latter for Mexico, Mr. Gwin left for the same country,
+carrying with him an autograph letter of Napoleon III. to Marshal
+Bazaine. The scheme, however, received no encouragement from the latter,
+and Maximilian failed to give him any satisfactory assurances of his
+support. Returning to France in 1865, he secured an audience with the
+Emperor, to whom he exposed the condition of affairs in Mexico. Napoleon
+urged him to return to that country immediately with a peremptory order
+to Marshal Bazaine to supply a military force adequate to accomplish the
+project. This request was complied with but Mr. Gwin, after meeting with
+no success, demanded an escort to accompany him out of the country. This
+was promptly furnished, and he returned to his home in California.
+
+It seems fitting in this connection to speak of a brilliant ball in
+Washington in 1824. Although, of course, I do not remember it, I have
+heard of it all my life and have gathered here and there certain facts
+of interest concerning it, some of which are not easily accessible. I
+refer to the ball given by Mrs. John Quincy Adams, whose husband was
+then Secretary of State under Monroe. Mrs. Adams' maiden name was Louisa
+Catharine Johnson and she was a daughter of Joshua Johnson, who served
+as our first United States Consul at London, and a niece of Thomas
+Johnson of Maryland. She gave receptions in Washington on Tuesday
+evenings which were attended by many of the most distinguished men and
+women of the day. This period, in fact, is generally regarded as,
+perhaps, the most brilliant era in Washington society. A generous
+hospitality was dispensed by such men as Madison, Monroe, Adams,
+Calhoun, Wirt, Rush, Southard, General Winfield Scott and General
+Alexander Macomb. The British _Charge d'affaires_ at this time was Henry
+Unwin Addington. The Russian Minister was the Baron de Tuyll; while
+France, Spain and Portugal were represented by gentlemen of
+distinguished manners and rare accomplishments. The illustrious John
+Marshall was Chief Justice, with Joseph Story, Bushrod Washington, Smith
+Thompson and other eminent jurists by his side. In Congress were such
+men as Henry Clay, William Gaston, Rufus King, Daniel Webster, Andrew
+Jackson, Thomas H. Benton, William Jones Lowndes, John Jordan Crittenden
+and Harrison Gray Otis; while the Navy was represented by Stephen
+Decatur, David Porter, John Rodgers, Lewis Warrington, Charles Stewart,
+Charles Morris and others, some of whom made their permanent home at the
+Capital.
+
+The ball given by the Secretary of State and Mrs. Adams was in honor of
+General Andrew Jackson, and was not only an expression of the pleasant
+personal relations existing between John Quincy Adams and Jackson only
+shortly before the former defeated the latter for the Presidency, but
+also a pleasing picture of Washington society at that time. General
+Jackson was naturally the hero of the occasion, and there was a throng
+of guests not only from Washington but also from Baltimore, Richmond and
+other cities. A current newspaper of the day published a metrical
+description of the event, written by John T. Agg:
+
+    MRS. ADAMS' BALL.
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Brown and fair and wise and witty,
+    Eyes that float in seas of light,
+      Laughing mouths and dimples pretty,
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams';
+    There the mist of the future, the gloom of the past,
+      All melt into light at the warm glance of pleasure,
+    And the only regret is lest melting too fast,
+      Mammas should move off in the midst of a measure.
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Sixty gray, and giddy twenty,
+    Flirts that court and prudes that slight,
+      State coquettes and spinsters plenty;
+    Mrs. Sullivan is there
+      With all the charm that nature lent her;
+    Gay McKim with city air,
+      And winning Gales and Vandeventer;
+    Forsyth, with her group of graces;
+      Both the Crowninshields in blue;
+    The Pierces, with their heavenly faces,
+      And eyes like suns that dazzle through;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      East and West and South and North,
+    Form a constellation bright,
+      And pour a splendid brilliance forth.
+    See the tide of fashion flowing,
+      'Tis the noon of beauty's reign,
+    Webster, Hamiltons are going,
+      Eastern Floyd and Southern Hayne;
+    Western Thomas, gayly smiling,
+      Borland, nature's protege,
+    Young De Wolfe, all hearts beguiling,
+      Morgan, Benton, Brown and Lee;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,'
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Where blue eyes are brightly glancing,
+    While to measures of delight
+      Fairy feet are deftly dancing;
+    Where the young Euphrosyne
+      Reigns the mistress of the scene,
+    Chasing gloom, and courting glee,
+      With the merry tambourine;
+    Many a form of fairy birth,
+      Many a Hebe, yet unwon,
+    Wirt, a gem of purest worth,
+      Lively, laughing Pleasanton;
+    Vails and Tayloe will be there,
+    Gay Monroe so debonair,
+    Hellen, pleasure's harbinger,
+    Ramsay, Cottringers and Kerr;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+    Wend you with the world to-night?
+      Juno in her court presides,
+    Mirth and melody invite,
+      Fashion points, and pleasure guides;
+    Haste away then, seize the hour,
+    Shun the thorn and pluck the flower.
+    Youth, in all its spring-time blooming,
+    Age the guise of youth assuming,
+    Wit through all its circles gleaming,
+    Glittering wealth and beauty beaming;
+    Belles and matrons, maids and madams,
+    All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!
+
+The "Mrs. Sullivan" referred to was Sarah Bowdoin Winthrop, the wife of
+George Sullivan of Boston, son of Governor James Sullivan of
+Massachusetts; while "Winning Gales" was the wife of Joseph Gales,
+editor of _The National Intelligencer_. "Forsyth" was the wife of
+Senator John Forsyth of Georgia, who subsequently served as Secretary of
+State during Jackson's administration; and "the Crowninshields in blue"
+were daughters of Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Secretary of the Navy under
+Madison and Monroe. "The Pierces, with their heavenly faces," were
+handsome Boston women who in after life became converts to the Roman
+Catholic faith and entered convents. The "Vails" were Eugene and Aaron
+Vail, who were proteges of Senator William H. Crawford, of Georgia. They
+married sisters, daughters of Laurent Salles, a wealthy Frenchman living
+in New York. Aaron Vail accompanied Martin Van Buren to England as
+Secretary of Legation and for a season, after Van Buren's recall, acted
+as _Charge d'affaires_. "Tayloe" was Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, the
+distinguished Washingtonian. "Ramsay" was General George Douglas Ramsay,
+the father of Rear Admiral Francis M. Ramsay, U.S.N.; and "Hellen" was
+Mrs. Adams's niece, who subsequently became her daughter-in-law through
+her marriage to her son, John Adams. President Monroe attended this ball
+and both he and John Quincy Adams were somewhat criticised for their
+plain attire, which was in such striking contrast with the elaborate
+costumes and decorations worn by the foreign guests.
+
+In his boyhood Mr. Gouverneur formed an intimacy with George H. Derby,
+better known in literary circles under the _nom de plume_ of "John
+Phoenix." He is well remembered by students of American humor as a
+contemporary and rival of Artemus Ward. He was a member of a prominent
+Boston family, and of the class of 1846 at West Point. He was a gallant
+soldier, having been wounded during the Mexican War at Cerro Gordo, and
+was promoted for his bravery in that battle. Scarcely anyone was immune
+from his practical jokes, but, fortunately for his peace of mind, Mr.
+Gouverneur was acquainted with an incident of his life which, if known,
+would make him a butt of ridicule; and he accordingly felt perfectly
+safe in his companionship and well enjoyed his humorous exploits. One
+day Derby and Mr. Gouverneur were sauntering through the streets of
+Washington when the keen eye of the humorist was attracted by a sign
+over a store door which read, "Ladies' Depository"--the old-fashioned
+method of designating what would now be called a "Woman's Exchange."
+Turning to his companion, Derby remarked: "I have a little business to
+transact in this shop and I want you to go inside with me." They entered
+and were met by a smiling female to whom Derby remarked: "My wife will
+be here to-morrow morning. I am so pleased to have discovered this
+depository. I hope that you will take good care of her. Expect her at
+eleven. Good-morning."
+
+In the early '50's Adjutant General Roger Jones determined to adopt a
+new uniform for the U.S. Army, and Derby was thus afforded a conspicuous
+opportunity to exercise his wit. He was an excellent draughtsman and set
+to work and produced a design. He proposed changing the entire system of
+modern tactics by the aid of an iron hook to be attached to the seat of
+each soldier's trousers, this hook to be used by the three arms of the
+service--cavalry, infantry and artillery. He illustrated it by a series
+of well-executed designs, and quoted high medical authority to prove its
+advantages from a sanitary point of view. He argued that the heavy
+knapsack induced a stooping position and a contraction of the chest but,
+hung on a hook by a strap over the shoulders, it would brace the body
+and back and expand the chest. The cavalrymen were to be rendered more
+secure in their seats when hooked to a ring in the saddle. All
+commissioned officers were to carry a light twenty-foot pole, with a
+ring attached to the end, to be used during an engagement in drawing
+stragglers back into the ranks. He made a drawing of a tremendous battle
+during which the Generals and Colonels were thus occupied, and in many
+other ways expatiated upon the value of the hook. When Jefferson Davis,
+the Secretary of War, saw Derby's designs and read his recommendations,
+he felt that his dignity was wounded and the service insulted, and he
+immediately issued an order that Derby be court-martialed. William L.
+Marcy, then Secretary of State, was told of the transaction and of the
+cloud hanging over Derby. He looked over the drawings and saw a
+regiment, their backs towards him and drawn up in line, with knapsacks,
+blankets and everything appertaining to camp life attached to each
+soldier by a hook. Marcy, who saw the humorous side at once, said to
+Davis: "It's no use to court-martial this man. The matter will be made
+public and the laugh will be upon us. Besides, a man who has the
+inventive genius that he has displayed, as well as the faculty of
+design, ill-directed though they be, is too valuable to the service to
+be trifled with." Derby therefore was not brought to grief, and in time
+Davis's anger was sufficiently mollified for him to enjoy the joke. I am
+enabled to state, through the courtesy of the present Assistant
+Secretary of War, that the drawings referred to are not now to be found
+in the files of the War Department; and a picture, which at the time was
+the source of untold amusement and of wide-spread notoriety, seems to be
+lost to the world.
+
+[Illustration: MINIATURE OF JAMES MONROE, PAINTED IN PARIS IN 1794, BY
+SEME.
+
+_Original owned by Mrs. Gouverneur._]
+
+An incident connected with the Indian War of 1856-58, in Washington
+Territory, furnished another outlet for Derby's effective wit. A
+Catholic priest was taken prisoner by the savages at that time and led
+away into captivity, and in caricaturing the scene Derby represented an
+ecclesiastic in full canonicals walking between two stalwart and
+half-naked Indians, carrying a crook and crozier, with a tooth-brush
+attached to one and a comb to the other; while the letters "I. H. S." on
+the priest's chasuble were paraphrased into the words, "I hate
+Siwashes." It must not be thought, however, that Derby's life was wholly
+devoted to fun and frivolity, for he has been pronounced by an
+accomplished military writer and critic to have been "an able and
+accomplished engineer." He was the author of "The Squibob Papers" and of
+"Phoenixiana; or Sketches and Burlesques," either of which would
+worthily place him in the forefront of humorists in the history of
+American literature. I own a copy of the latter book which was given by
+the author to my husband. It seems strange, when one considers the
+character and career of this gifted man, that subsequent to his death
+nearly every member of his family should have met with a tragic end.
+
+Although not a practical joker, my husband found much in Derby that was
+congenial, as many of their tastes were similar. Both of them were
+devoted to literature and both were accomplished writers; but while
+Derby published his works and was rewarded with financial success, Mr.
+Gouverneur wrote chiefly for the newspaper press. He edited and
+published a work by James Monroe, entitled "The People the Sovereigns,"
+but never sent to the press any works of his own production. I think
+that the lack of encouragement from me was the chief obstacle that
+deterred him from embarking upon a literary career. He commenced several
+novels but never finished them, and his chief literary remains are
+principally confined to the limits of his "commonplace-books."
+
+President Buchanan's niece, Harriet Lane, subsequently Mrs. Henry
+Elliott Johnston of Maryland, presided with grace and dignity over the
+White House during her uncle's administration. I first met Miss Lane
+before the period when Buchanan represented the United States at the
+Court of St. James. It was at a party given by Mrs. Hamilton Fish,
+whose husband was then a U.S. Senator from the State of New York. Her
+blond type of beauty made an indelible impression upon me, as she was
+very much the same style as the daughters of General Winfield Scott.
+Some years before her death, while she was living in Washington, I
+incidentally referred to this resemblance between the Scotts and herself
+and was not surprised to hear her say that others had spoken of it. To
+an exceptionally fine presence, she added unusual intelligence and
+brilliant power of repartee. I have often heard the story that at a
+social function at the White House an accomplished courtier was
+enlarging to Miss Lane upon her shapely hands--"hands," he ejaculated,
+"that might have swayed the rod of empire." Her retort came without a
+moment's hesitation, "or wake to ecstasy the living lyre." Emily
+Schomberg, who married Hughes Hallett of England, wrote some years ago a
+charming sketch of Harriet Lane Johnston which was published in Mrs.
+Elizabeth F. Ellet's book entitled, "The Court Circles of the Republic."
+
+Among the prominent belles of the Buchanan administration, and an
+intimate friend and companion of Harriet Lane, was Rebecca B. Black,
+daughter of the eminent jurist, Judge Jeremiah S. Black of Pennsylvania,
+Attorney-General and for a time Secretary of State under Buchanan. She
+was the widow of Isham Hornsby of Washington, where, in her beautiful
+home, she was surrounded by a charming circle and was much admired and
+beloved. Peter Grayson Washington, a son of Lund Washington, whom I have
+already mentioned in connection with my wedding, was a conspicuous
+figure at the National Capital during the Buchanan _regime_. During the
+Pierce administration he was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under
+James Guthrie. He had an impressive bearing, and carried a gold-headed
+cane which he boasted had originally belonged to his distinguished
+relative, the first President. Although by birth a Virginian, Mr.
+Washington never wavered in his loyalty to the Union. During the latter
+part of the Civil War he made a visit to us in our Maryland home, and I
+shall always remember the expression of his opinion that many leaders of
+the Confederate cause were not true representatives of the South, citing
+as examples some members of Jefferson Davis's cabinet. He concluded his
+remarks with the facetious statement that "if they had only chosen a
+second Washington as a leader they might have been successful." Earlier
+residents of the District will recall Littleton Quinton Washington, a
+prolific writer chiefly upon political subjects, and a younger
+half-brother of Peter G. Washington.
+
+My old and valued friend, Mrs. Hamilton Holly, and Peter Grayson
+Washington were the Godparents of my eldest daughter. At the earnest
+request of the former, this ceremony took place in the house of Mrs.
+Alexander Hamilton, in the De Menou buildings. Mrs. Holly and I
+characterized the gathering as a revolutionary party, as so many of the
+guests bore names prominent during our struggle for independence. I
+never saw Mrs. Hamilton Holly again. Shortly after this pleasant
+function I sailed for China, and just before starting on my long voyage
+I received the following note, which saddened me more than I can well
+express:--
+
+     SEP. 9th.
+
+     My dear friend,
+
+     For many days I have been blessed by your very kind letter,
+     but am too, too low to answer it. One day so weak as to be
+     obliged with my hand to wave Mrs. Furguson away (another
+     lady obtained admittance), lest in the effort to converse I
+     might find another home. My hand and head are exhausted.
+
+          Most truly yours,
+
+               E. H. HOLLY.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+SOJOURN IN CHINA AND RETURN
+
+
+Prior to the Civil War, Mr. Gouverneur received an appointment from
+James Buchanan as U.S. Consul to Foo Chow in China, and I decided to
+accompany him upon his long journey. Meanwhile a second daughter had
+been added to our family, much to the disappointment of the large circle
+of relatives who were still anxiously expecting me to hand down the name
+of Gouverneur. We named her Ruth Monroe. We took passage upon the
+clipper ship _Indiaman_, a vessel of heavy tonnage sailing from New York
+and commanded by a "down-east" skipper named Smith. No railroads crossed
+the American continent in those days, and the voyage to the far East had
+to be made either around Cape Horn or by way of the Isthmus of Panama or
+around the Cape of Good Hope. We selected the latter route, leaving New
+York in October and arriving in Shanghai the following March. My
+preparations for such a protracted journey with two very young children
+were carefully and even elaborately planned but, to my dismay, some of
+the most important articles of food for the childrens' diet became unfit
+for use long before we reached our destination. As one may readily
+imagine, I was accordingly put to my wits' end for substitutes. We also
+provided ourselves with a goodly amount of literature, and more
+particularly books relating to China, among which were Father Evariste
+Regis Huc's volume on "The Chinese Empire," and Professor S. Wells
+Williams's work on "The Middle Kingdom." We read these _en route_ with
+great interest but discovered after a few months' residence in the East
+that no book or pen we then knew conveyed an adequate idea of that
+remarkable country.
+
+We had a very favorable voyage, and sailing in the trade winds in the
+Southern hemisphere was to me the very acme of bliss. I was thoroughly
+in sympathy with the passage of Humboldt where he speaks of the tropical
+skies and vegetation in the following beautiful manner:--"He on whom the
+Southern Cross has never gleamed nor the Centaur frowned, above whom the
+clouds of Magellan have never circled, who has never stood within the
+shadow of great palms, nor clothed himself with the gloom of the
+primeval forests, does not know how the soul seems to have a new birth
+in the midst of these new and splendid surroundings. Nowhere but under
+the equatorial skies is it permitted to man to behold at once and in the
+same sweep of the eye all the stars of both the Northern and Southern
+heavens; and nowhere but at the tropics does nature combine to produce
+the various forms of vegetation that are parceled out separately to
+other climes."
+
+The patience of our captain was sorely tried by the lack of wind while
+passing through the Doldrums. This nautical locality, varying in breadth
+from sixty to several hundred miles and shifting in extreme limits at
+different seasons of the year, is near the equator and abounds in calms,
+squalls and light, baffling winds which sometimes prevent the progress
+of sailing vessels for weeks at a time. When we finally emerged from the
+Doldrums, we were compensated for the trying delay by greeting the trade
+winds so cherished by the hearts of mariners. We sailed many leagues
+south of the Cape of Good Hope and much too far away even to catch a
+glimpse of it, but we realized its proximity by the presence of the Cape
+pigeons which hovered around our vessel. The albatross was also our
+daily visitor and one or two of them were caught by the sailors,
+regardless of the superstition of possible calamity attending such an
+act. Our only stop during the long voyage was at the Moluccas or Spice
+Islands, in the Malay Peninsula, and was made at the request of the
+passengers who were desirous of exploring the beauties of that tropical
+region. The waters surrounding these islands were as calm as a lake and
+all around our ship floated the debris of spices. The vegetation was
+more beautiful than I can describe and the shells which covered the
+shores were eagerly collected by the passengers.
+
+Our fellow voyagers were four missionaries, who on Sundays conducted
+divine service, and a Mr. Pemberton, a young Canadian who was _en
+voyage_ to join the _Hong_ of Purden and Company in Shanghai. In these
+early days it was the custom of parents of refractory or adventurous
+sons to place them on board sailing vessels for lengthy outings.
+Occasionally they were sent upon whaling voyages, where the hardships
+were greater and the voyage more prolonged. On the _Indiaman_ there were
+several of these youths and it was quite pathetic as well as comical to
+see them ascend the rigging amid the jeers of a well-disciplined crew.
+One of them, whose father had occupied an official position in the City
+of New York, had been quite a society "swell" and claimed acquaintance
+with me. At times he was required by the captain to hold my younger
+child, a mere babe, in the arms. Every now and then we were startled by
+her shrieks and for quite a time we could not detect the cause until we
+finally discovered that his task was uncongenial and that, in order to
+get rid of his charge, the incorrigible youth had administered an
+occasional pinch.
+
+One Sunday afternoon while sailing in the Indian Ocean we had a narrow
+escape from shipwreck. Every sail was set to catch the least breath of
+air, and Mr. Gouverneur and the children were on deck with the captain,
+when in the distance they saw what seemed to resemble a huge wall. The
+moment the experienced eye of our skipper saw it he exclaimed, "My God,
+we are gone!" It slowly but surely approached our ship and when it
+reached us its force was so great that our sails almost dipped into the
+ocean. The ship, however, gradually righted itself and we were naturally
+more than grateful for our deliverance. I chanced to be resting in my
+cabin at the perilous moment and in a most unceremonious manner was
+thrown to the floor. After reaching the mouth of that stupendous river,
+the Yangtze Kiang, we thought our long voyage was nearly ended, but we
+soon discovered that we had not yet "crossed the Rubicon," and that
+trouble was still in store for us. We had just passed the mouth of this
+river and cast anchor when, to our surprise and dismay, we encountered a
+severe storm, and during the night dragged anchor for about twenty
+miles. The morning, however, dawned bright and clear, but our captain,
+who had lost his temper during the storm, did not accord the Chinese
+pilots who boarded us a very gracious reception. This was my first
+glimpse of the Chinese within the limits of their own domain.
+
+When we reached the city of Shanghai it was quite dark, but we found
+coolies awaiting us with chairs. I shall never forget my first
+impressions of China. All of my anticipations of the beautiful Orient
+were fully realized, and, as I was carried through the crowded streets,
+visions of the Arabian Nights enchanted me and it seemed to me a
+veritable region of delight. The streets of Shanghai, however, after the
+broad thoroughfares of Washington, appeared like small and complicated
+pathways. They were not lighted with public lamps at this time, but
+myriads of lanterns of every conceivable shape and color carried by
+wayfarers met the eye at every turn and made the whole scene appear like
+fairyland. But, alas, the following morning I was undeceived, for
+daylight revealed to my vision a very squalid and dirty city. We were
+carried to the largest hotel in Shanghai, where it seemed as though I
+were almost receiving a home greeting when the sign over the door told
+me that it was the Astor House! Still another surprise awaited me.
+Although in a strange land, one of the first persons to welcome me was a
+former acquaintance, the wife of Mr. Robert Morrison Olyphant, the head
+of the prominent _Hong_ of Olyphant and Company. Her maiden name was
+Anna O. Vernon and I had formerly known her quite well in New York and
+Newport.
+
+We did not linger long in Shanghai, but embraced the first opportunity
+to reach Foo Chow. It was a coast voyage of several days and was
+attended with much discomfort, as the choppy seas through which we
+sailed made all of us very ill--a remarkable experience, considering the
+fact that during the whole of our protracted voyage we had not suffered
+an uncomfortable moment. We reached Foo Chow, however, in due time, and
+Mr. Gouverneur at once assumed his official duties. Foo Chow is called
+by the natives _Hok Chiu_, or "Happy City." It is also what is termed a
+"Foo-City," signifying a place of the largest magnitude, and was the
+sole Chinese port where royalty was represented. It is situated upon the
+Min River, about twenty-five miles from its mouth, and is the capital of
+the Province of Fokien. The navigation of the river Min was regarded as
+dangerous, and the insurance rates for vessels navigating it were higher
+than those of any other Chinese port. The place is surrounded by
+castellated walls nine or ten miles in circumference, outside of which
+are suburbs as extensive as the city itself. Its walls are about thirty
+feet high and twelve wide at the top. Its seven gates are overlooked by
+high towers, while small guardhouses stand at frequent intervals along
+the walls.
+
+Upon our arrival in Foo Chow we found no house provided for the U.S.
+Consul, and immediately made our residence with a missionary family,
+where we were most comfortable, until the _Hong_ of Augustus Heard and
+Company provided us with a residence for which we paid rent. The English
+government took better care of its representative. Not far from us was
+the British Consulate, a fine building reminding one in certain respects
+of the White House. In another residence near by, and provided by his
+government, lived the British interpreter, a Scotchman named Milne.
+Walter H. Medhurst, the British Consul, and his interpreter were
+descendants of early English missionaries. We found Foo Chow to be a
+somewhat lawless city. Many of its inhabitants were mountaineers from
+the surrounding region who had become pretty well starved out and had
+found their way into the city. As a result of their early training, they
+gave the authorities much trouble.
+
+I was naturally much impressed by some of the novel and curious customs
+then prevalent. The seat of honor assigned a guest was on the left of
+the host. The uncovered head for a man was a mark of disrespect and a
+servant would accordingly be severely reprimanded if he appeared before
+his master with his hat off. Persons in mourning wore white, in striking
+contrast with the somber apparel used by ourselves. The shoe polish in
+vogue was a chalky white substance. From these and other examples it can
+readily be seen I was justified in feeling that I had been transferred
+to another planet and had left "dull earth behind me." When we reached
+Foo Chow, the gorgeous flowers and other vegetation were at their best.
+The month of April was a season set apart by the Chinese to decorate
+with flowers the graves of their ancestors; and coming from a land where
+such a ceremony was unknown, it impressed me as a beautiful custom. It
+suggests, moreover, the inquiry as to whether it was from the Chinese,
+or from an innate conviction of the beautiful sentiment demanding an
+outward expression, that induced the descendants of the Blue and the
+Gray, at a later period, to strew with flowers the last resting-places
+of those whose memories they delighted to honor.
+
+Next door to the U.S. Consulate lived a Parsee named Botelwalla, who was
+an English subject. He never uncovered his head, and his tarpaulin hat
+carried me back to the pictures in my geography while studying at Miss
+Forbes's school. He was extensively engaged in the opium trade, and had
+large quantities of it stored in his dwelling. One day he came to our
+home to make a social visit and, taking it for granted that he was a
+fire-worshiper, I inquired whether he came from Persia. He told me that
+twelve hundred years ago his family emigrated from that country to
+India, where their descendants had since resided. I recall an incident
+which convinced me at the time that he was not a consistent follower of
+his own religion. Mr. Gouverneur noticed smoke issuing one day from what
+he thought was a remote portion of the Botelwalla home, and immediately
+called out to the Parsee from an adjoining window that his house was on
+fire. Without a moment's hesitation, he got all of his family together,
+and for a while they worked most strenuously to subdue the flames and to
+save from destruction the hundred thousand dollars' worth of opium
+lodged in the Parsee's home. Somewhat later we were surprised to learn
+that it was our own kitchen which was on fire. Our ignorance was due to
+the fact that the walls of the two houses were so irregular and so oddly
+constructed that it was at first exceedingly difficult, upon a
+superficial view, to distinguish certain portions of our own home from
+those of our neighbor. The one feature, however, connected with the fire
+which impressed us most forcibly was the fact that Botelwalla, our
+neighbor and fire-worshiper, did not allow his religious scruples to
+interfere with the safety of his valuable personal possessions. My
+attention, as well as admiration, was frequently directed to a number of
+superb India cashmere shawls which I often saw airing on his upper
+veranda and which, I think, were used for bed coverings.
+
+Soon after his arrival in Foo Chow, Mr. Gouverneur was fortunate in
+securing the services of a Chinese interpreter named Ling Kein, a
+mandarin of high order, who wore the "blue button," significant of his
+rank. In addition to this distinction he wore on his hat the peacock
+feather, an official reward of merit. He was a Chinese of remarkable
+intelligence, well versed in English as well as in the Chinese
+vernacular, and was also the master of several dialects. He surprised me
+by his familiarity with New York, and upon inquiry I learned that he had
+once taken a junk into that port, which was naturally regarded with
+great curiosity by the Gothamites. He remembered many prominent New
+Yorkers, one of whom was Daniel Lord, the distinguished lawyer, whom he
+had met in a professional relation. He also recalled my old friend and
+Mr. Gouverneur's kinsman, William Kemble, who lived next door to Mr.
+Lord opposite St. John's Park. Ling Kein and his family lived in our
+house, but they led such secluded lives that I seldom saw them; indeed,
+we never laid eyes upon our interpreter except when his presence was
+required. He was not in the employ of our government, but his salary of
+one hundred dollars a month was paid from my husband's private means.
+His services were invaluable and when we first began housekeeping he
+secured our domestic staff for us. The butler was Ning Ping, a
+Christianized Chinese, who took entire charge of the
+establishment--going to market, regulating the servants and even handing
+them their wages. For his services he received four dollars a month.
+
+I found this mode of life ideally pleasant and easy until I heard an
+uproar one day in the servants' quarters in which my two nurses seemed
+to be involved. I was entirely ignorant as to the cause of the commotion
+and for some time held my peace, as one of the first lessons I learned
+in China was not to probe too deeply into domestic affairs, since one
+derived but little satisfaction from the attempt. As the confusion
+continued, however, I summoned Ling Kein in order to ascertain the cause
+of it. It seems that Ning Ping had paid the women their wages in Mexican
+dollars which were not of the proper weight. There prevailed a crafty
+method of clipping or punching the coins, and this dishonest Chinaman
+had taken advantage of those whom he thought to be simply
+unsophisticated women. The trouble was finally quelled by an agreement
+that in future I should personally pay the nurses their wages. I gave
+each of these women four dollars a month for their services. Our cook,
+Ting Ting, who was a chef, and the four coolies, who were the chair
+bearers, were also paid four dollars a month each. The gatekeeper, whose
+duties were to open and close the front gate and to look after the
+chairs of visitors, received a similar sum for his services. I also
+employed by the month a native tailor, whose sole requirements for his
+work were a chair and a table. He did the entire sewing of the
+establishment and charged four dollars a month for his labor. At least
+one of my experiences with him failed to confirm the extraordinary
+powers of imitation possessed by the Chinese, for upon one occasion when
+I trusted him with a handsome garment, with strict injunctions to follow
+the model I gave him, he completely ignored my instructions and carried
+out his own designs.
+
+Fortunately for us, this retinue of retainers provided its own food and
+clothing, and I was in blissful ignorance as to where they stowed
+themselves away for the night. A laundryman called once a week for our
+clothes and his charges were two dollars a hundred for articles of every
+description. I am almost ashamed to acknowledge that I never saw the
+interior of our kitchen, but our cook served our dinners in the most
+approved manner. We frequently had guests to dine with us and as the
+butler, Ning Ping, was as much an expert in his department as the cook,
+Ting Ting, was in his, I was delightfully irresponsible and often
+wondered, as I sat at my own table, what the next course would be. Our
+guests were principally men, usually the senior members of _Hongs_ and
+officers of war-ships lying in the harbor, and it was the custom of each
+to bring with him his "boy," who stood behind him throughout the repast.
+
+There was quite a number of missionaries in the city, and each religious
+denomination provided its ministers with comfortable quarters. The
+Baptists were especially well represented and also the "American Board,"
+which was established in Boston in 1812. The English residents had a
+small chapel of their own which was well sustained by them. There was
+one missionary who commanded my especial respect and admiration. I refer
+to the Rev. Mr. William C. Burns, a Scotch Presbyterian clergyman. He
+led a life of consecrated self-denial, living exclusively with the
+natives and dressing in the Chinese garb which, with his Caucasian
+features and blond complexion, caused him to present the drollest
+appearance. Only those who have resided in China can understand the
+repugnance with which anyone accustomed to the amenities of refined
+society would naturally regard such a life. He gave up body and soul to
+the spread of Christianity in a heathen land, recalling to my mind the
+early Jesuits, Francis Xavier, Lucas Caballero and Cipriano Baraza, who
+penetrated pathless forests and crossed unknown seas in conformity with
+the requirements of their sacred mission. Mr. Burns died in China in the
+earnest pursuit of his vocation. I own a copy of his life published in
+New York in 1870, soon after his death.
+
+The Roman Catholic Church was well represented in Foo Chow and was under
+the general direction of the order of the Dominicans. Each portion of
+China, in fact, even the most remote, was under the jurisdiction of
+some Roman Catholic Order, so that directly or indirectly almost every
+Chinaman in the Empire was reached. The Catholics also had a large
+orphan asylum in Foo Chow, over whose portals, in Chinese characters,
+was the verse from the Psalms: "When my father and my mother forsake me,
+then the Lord will take me up." Nothing brought back to me my far-away
+Western home more pleasantly than the tones of the Angelus sounding from
+the belfry of this institution.
+
+There was a native orphan asylum in Foo Chow, not far from the American
+Consulate--a fact I have never seen stated in any of the numerous books
+I have read relating to the "Middle Kingdom." With true Chinese insight,
+the largest salary was paid the nurse who successfully reared the
+greatest number of babies. When I lived in China, the laws for the
+prevention of infanticide were as stringent as our own, but they were
+often successfully evaded. Poverty was so grinding in the East that the
+slaughter of children was one of its most pitiable consequences. Infants
+were made way with at birth, before they were regarded with the eye of
+affection.
+
+Fifty years ago slavery was prevalent among the Chinese, and one of its
+saddest features consisted in the fact that its victims were of their
+own race and color. Poverty-stricken parents sold their offspring to
+brokers, and in Foo Chow it was recognized as a legitimate business.
+Theoretically there were no slaves in Hong-Kong, which is British
+territory, but in reality the city was full of them. Both men and women
+slave-brokers infested the large cities of China, and boys and girls
+between the ages of ten and twelve were sent from all the neighboring
+villages to be sold in Foo Chow. The girls were purchased to be employed
+as servants, and sometimes parents would buy them for the purpose of
+training them until they reached the proper age and of then marrying
+them off to their sons. In this way, as may readily be seen, some of
+the young people of China were spared the vicissitudes and
+discouragements of courtship so keenly realized in some other countries.
+I have seen girl slaves sold with no other property except the clothes
+upon their backs. Frequently their garments were of the scantiest
+character and in some cases even these were claimed by the avaricious
+brokers. Many of the waifs were purchased upon trial as a precaution
+against leprosy which prevailed throughout the East. One of the tests
+consisted in placing the child in a dark room under a blue light; if the
+skin was found to be of a greenish hue, the slave passed muster; but, on
+the other hand, if it was of a reddish tinge it indicated the early
+stages of this fatal malady. Babies were not much in demand in Foo Chow
+and did not even command the price of fresh pork! I learned at an orphan
+asylum in Shanghai that they were purchased at twenty cents each. This
+institution was conducted by missionaries who taught the girls all kinds
+of domestic duties and, when they arrived at proper ages, saw that they
+were given to suitable men for wives.
+
+Not far from the Consulate were the quarters of the Tartars. They seemed
+to live very much to themselves, and most of the men were connected with
+the military service of the country. It may not be generally known that
+ever since the commencement of the Tartar dynasty, between two and three
+centuries ago, the queue has been worn by the Chinese as a badge of
+submission to the Tartars. The feet of the women were not compressed by
+these early rulers and consequently the Court did not set the fashion as
+in European countries. I understand that even now the bandaged feet are
+universal.
+
+In those days there were no railroads or telegraphs in China. The
+Emperor died while we were living in Foo Chow and the news did not reach
+us until several weeks after the event, and then only through the medium
+of a courier. The official announcement came to the Consulate upon a
+long yellow card bearing certain Chinese characters. All of the
+mandarins in our city, upon receiving the intelligence, gathered at the
+various temples to bewail in loud tones and with tearful eyes the death
+of their ruler.
+
+The palace of the Viceroy was naturally the chief objective point of all
+foreigners and especially of officials upon their arrival in port.
+Occasions frequently occurred when Mr. Gouverneur was compelled to go
+through the formality of requesting an interview with this high
+official. These audiences were always promptly granted and were
+conducted with a great amount of pomp and ceremony very dear to the
+inhabitants of "far Cathay," but exceedingly tiresome to others. Some
+distance from us, and in another quarter of the city, was a large
+building called Examination Hall, used by the natives exclusively in
+connection with the civil service of the government. It was divided into
+small rooms, each of which was large enough to accommodate only one
+person, and in these the young men of that locality who were aspirants
+for governmental positions were locked each year while they wrote their
+test examination papers. The hall accommodated ten thousand students and
+the time of examination was regarded by the Chinese as a critical period
+in a young man's life, as his chances of future success largely depended
+upon the ability displayed in his papers. These were carefully read by a
+board of examiners, and official positions were assigned to those who
+excelled in the examination. Intelligence was regarded as the chief
+condition of executive favor and, although personal influence naturally
+had its weight, its exercise did not seem to be as prevalent in China as
+elsewhere. It may not be flattering to the pride of other nations, but
+the fact remains that the civil service of China was the forerunner of
+the reforms instituted in countries which we are accustomed to regard
+as much more enlightened in governmental polity.
+
+While we were in China, the seas were infested with a formidable band of
+native pirates that had committed depredations for many years. One day
+two rival factions dropped anchor at the same time in the Min River,
+directly opposite Foo Chow, and opened a brisk fire upon each other.
+Many of the foreigners became much alarmed, as projectiles were flying
+around at a lively rate. One of these which had entered the house of an
+American missionary was brought to the Consulate, and Mr. Gouverneur was
+urged to take some action. The natives of China were at times a
+turbulent people who seemed glad for an excuse to stir up the community
+and, in consequence of this battle of the sea-robbers, a mob formed in
+Foo Chow which threatened disastrous results. The only foreign vessel in
+the harbor was a United States man-of-war, the _Adams_, under the
+command of James F. Schenck, subsequently a Rear Admiral in our Navy.
+Only a few days previous the British ships had departed for the mouth of
+the Peiho River, for the purpose of forcing opium upon the poor Chinese
+at the cannon's mouth. The city authorities were requested to use their
+influence in quelling the riots but seemed unequal to the emergency.
+This state of affairs continued for several days, when one morning the
+_Taotai_ (mayor), preceded by men beating gongs and followed by a large
+retinue, arrived at the Consulate and requested protection for the city.
+Upon a similar occasion during the previous summer, when a number of
+British warships were in port, these belligerent pirates received
+summary treatment by having their anchor cables cut, thus causing them
+to float down the river.
+
+Upon Mr. Gouverneur's request the _Adams_ sent a detachment of marines
+on shore. It was quartered around the Consulate and its presence quickly
+had the desired moral effect upon all parties, and proved a source of
+great relief to both foreign and native residents. Later all
+apprehension was removed by the speedy departure of the unwelcome
+marauders. Meanwhile the Consulate had received many valuables,
+deposited there for safety. The morning following the departure of the
+ships we noticed a large number of boxes in our courtyard and also
+several sheep tied to the flag-staff. For a time we could not understand
+the meaning of this queer collection and were compelled to assign it to
+the usual incomprehensibilities of Chinese life. Mr. Gouverneur went in
+search of our interpreter, hoping that he could explain the situation,
+but to our surprise he had fled. We learned that he stood in great awe
+of the pirates and feared their vengeance if he told all he knew about
+them. Mr. Milne, the British interpreter, finally came to our rescue. It
+seems that the sheep and boxes were parting gifts--"Kumshaws," as the
+Chinese term them--from the pirates to the American and British Consuls
+and Mr. Milne.
+
+At first we had no idea what the boxes contained, and Mr. Gouverneur
+sought the advice of William Sloane, the head of the _Hong_ of Russell
+and Company, who had long been a resident of China, as to what should be
+done with this strange consignment. He strongly urged that, as a matter
+of policy, they be accepted and the British Consul, Walter H. Medhurst,
+agreed with him. The medley collection was accordingly divided into
+three groups and some coolies were engaged to convey to the English
+Consul and Mr. Milne their respective shares. The sheep took the lead,
+and it was indeed a curious procession that we watched from our windows
+as we breathed a sigh of relief over the departure of this
+"embarrassment of riches," and commenced to plan for the disposal of our
+own share. A few minutes later I chanced to glance out of the window
+when, to my utter dismay, I saw the procession so recently _en route_ to
+the British Consulate reenter our courtyard. We were informed that
+Medhurst had weakened and refused to receive his share of the
+"Kumshaws." Mr. Gouverneur was much annoyed by such vacillating conduct
+and immediately notified the British Consul in emphatic language that if
+he refused to accept the piratical gifts he would regard it as a
+personal matter. This had the desired effect and a second time the
+procession wended its way to the British Consulate. The boxes proved to
+contain hams, rock candy, dates and other provisions which we
+immediately sent to the American missionaries, while the sheep were
+given to Mr. Sloane to do with them whatever he pleased. We found this
+gentleman throughout our Chinese life to be a man of superior judgment
+and an agreeable companion. After a long and successful career in the
+East, he died in China just on the eve of his embarkation for America.
+He never married and many years later I had the pleasure of becoming
+acquainted with his brother, Samuel Sloane, the railroad magnate, at
+Garrison's-on-the-Hudson; and, owing to our agreeable association with
+his brother, both Mr. and Mrs. Sloane always welcomed me with great
+cordiality.
+
+I have already referred to Commander (afterwards Rear Admiral) James F.
+Schenck, U.S.N. Our association with him in Foo Chow was highly
+agreeable. He was our frequent guest at the Consulate and we soon
+discovered in him a man of rare wit; indeed, I have understood that
+fifty years ago he was considered the most clever _raconteur_ in the
+Navy. Commander Schenck's Executive Officer on the _Adams_ was
+Lieutenant James J. Waddell, whom we regarded as a pleasing and
+congenial guest. Subsequent to his life in Eastern waters, his career
+was unusually interesting. He was a native of North Carolina and,
+resigning his commission in the United States service at the opening of
+the Civil War, subsequently entered the Confederate Navy, where he was
+finally assigned to the command of the celebrated cruiser _Shenandoah_.
+This ship, formerly the British merchantman _Sea King_, was bought in
+England for L45,000 by James D. Bulloch, the Naval Agent of the Southern
+Confederacy in Great Britain, to take the place of the _Alabama_, which
+had been sunk by the _Kearsarge_ in June, 1864. She left London in the
+fall of the same year and fitted out as an armed cruiser off Madeira.
+She then went to Australia and, after cruising in various parts of the
+Pacific, sailed for Behring Sea and the Arctic Ocean, where she met with
+remarkable success in her depredations upon Northern shipping. She
+captured thirty-eight vessels, mostly whalers, and the actual losses
+inflicted by her were only sixty thousand dollars less than those
+charged to the _Alabama_. Captain Waddell first heard of the downfall of
+the Confederacy when off the coast of Lower California on the 2d of
+August, 1865--between three and four months after the event--and, as he
+had captured in that interval about a dozen ships and realized that his
+acts might be regarded as piratical, he sailed for England where, early
+in November, he surrendered the _Shenandoah_ to the British government.
+She was turned over to the United States, was subsequently sold to the
+Sultan of Zanzibar and was lost in 1879 in the Indian Ocean. She was the
+only ship that carried the flag of the Confederacy around the world. In
+December, 1861, Captain Waddell married a daughter of James Iglehart of
+Annapolis, and died in that city a number of years ago.
+
+The American Consulate was the rendezvous of all Naval officers who came
+into port, and I recall with gratification Lieutenant John J. B.
+Walbach, a son of Colonel John DeBarth Walbach, a well-known officer of
+the Army, Dr. Philip Lansdale, Dr. Benjamin F. Gibbs, Lieutenant George
+M. Blodgett and Lieutenant (afterwards Rear Admiral) John C. Beaumont.
+The latter was frequently my guest in Washington after my return to
+America, and Doctors Lansdale and Gibbs I met again at the Capital,
+where we took pleasure in discussing our Chinese observations and
+experiences. While in China I also became acquainted with Captain and
+Mrs. Eliphalet Nott of Schenectady, the former of whom was a nephew of
+the venerable President Eliphalet Nott of Union College. He commanded
+his own vessel, the _Don Quixote_, and was usually accompanied on his
+voyages by his wife--a mode of life that impressed me as quite ideal.
+
+One day as I was passing through the streets of Foo Chow my attention
+was directed to a gayly-dressed woman seated in a chair decked with
+flowers. I was informed that she was a Chinese widow who was about to
+sacrifice herself upon the pyre in accordance with the custom of the
+country. I subsequently learned that when this woman reached the place
+appointed for the ceremony, she found an immense assemblage, including
+many mandarins and her own brother, the latter of whom had agreed to
+apply the torch that should launch her into eternity. The crowd,
+however, was disappointed, for at the last moment her courage failed her
+and she announced that she must return home at once as she had forgotten
+to feed her pig! The woman's life was saved, but the disappointment of
+the throng found expression in a riot which, however, was speedily
+quelled by the authorities.
+
+The Chinese nation was the victim of an outrageous wrong, and the
+perpetrators were Americans and Englishmen whose unquenchable avarice
+overcame their moral convictions. I refer to the iniquitous manner in
+which opium was introduced into the country and subsequently sold to the
+natives. Large fortunes were accumulated in this way, but it was nothing
+more nor less than "blood money" wrung from the pockets of those who had
+a right to expect better things from the representatives of Christian
+countries. China at this time was unable to cope by force with the
+Western nations, but she did not renounce the right to protect herself
+from this outrage without a struggle. When, however, she asserted this
+right, as she did on a certain occasion by seizing and burning the
+deadly drug, she made herself liable for heavy indemnities and was
+compelled to abandon the unequal struggle. In consequence of this act,
+six hundred thousand dollars passed through Mr. Gouverneur's hands as
+U.S. Consul. Even in recent years the Chinese Emperor has sought to
+protect his subjects from the evils of opium. When I lived in China,
+Congo tea was cultivated around Foo Chow, but in time it was abandoned
+and the poppy took its place. A few years ago an edict was issued
+prohibiting the cultivation of this flower and I understand that tea is
+again a product of this region. When I resided in Foo Chow, some of the
+most prominent business houses were involved in the smuggling of opium,
+and one very large and wealthy firm--that of Jardine and
+Matthewson--actually employed a heavily armed gunboat to assist it in
+the accomplishment of this colossal outrage. It will be remembered that
+when Li Hung Chang, then one of the richest men in the world, visited
+this country a few years ago he frequently asked the wealthy men whom he
+met where they got their money. Whether or not he had in mind at the
+time the manner in which certain American and English fortunes had been
+accumulated in his native land does not appear; but if his question had
+been directed to the heads of some of the business houses in Foo Chow
+and elsewhere in China while I was there, it certainly would have
+produced, to say the least, no little embarrassment.
+
+Poor China has suffered much from the impositions and depredations of
+foreigners. Pillage and theft have marked the paths of foreign invaders
+in a manner wholly inconsistent with the code of honorable warfare, and
+acts have been committed that would never be tolerated in conflicts
+between Western nations. It was said that the title of Comte de Pelikao
+was conferred by Louis Napoleon upon General Charles Montauban for
+having presented the Empress Eugenie with some superb black pearls taken
+from the Imperial Summer Palace when it was looted in 1860. At the same
+time and in the same manner also disappeared many almost priceless gems,
+costly articles of _vertu_, treasures in gold and silver and a wealth of
+ancient manuscripts; while similar outrages were ruthlessly perpetrated
+in the same unfortunate city only a few years ago as the closing chapter
+in the Boxer troubles. Unhappy China! She has felt the aggressive hand
+of her Western "brothers" ever since the unwilling invasion of her
+shores.
+
+About this time China was the resort of many adventurous Americans, some
+of whom doubtless "left their country for their country's good," with a
+view of seeking their fortunes. We became very well acquainted with a
+New Yorker named Augustus Joseph Francis Harrison, a master of a craft
+sailing in Chinese waters. His early life had been spent in Morrisania
+in New York, where he had become familiar with the name of my husband's
+relative, Gouverneur Morris, and was thus led to seek our acquaintance.
+One day he came to the Consulate apparently in ill health and told us he
+was in a serious condition. It seems that he had employed an English
+physician whose violent remedies had failed to benefit him and had
+prompted him to declare that he had been mistaken for a horse! He begged
+us for shelter and we accordingly gave him a room and retained him at
+the Consulate as our guest. We knew but little of medical remedies, but
+we did the best for him we could, and in due time were delighted to see
+that our patient was convalescing. One day my husband and my daughter
+Maud visited him in his room and, as a token of gratitude, he presented
+to the little girl the "Pirates' God," one of his most cherished
+treasures--a curious idol, which is still in her possession. On the back
+of it he wrote the following history:--"This idol, together with the
+whole contents of two large pirate boats, was captured after a severe
+fight of three hours, they having undertaken to take us by surprise;
+consequently thirty or forty were killed. The rest made good their
+escape by jumping overboard and swimming ashore. The boats and contents,
+too, were sold."
+
+Foo Chow was a region frequently visited by typhoons, in consequence of
+which a municipal law required houses to be but one story high. During
+the latter part of our residence in China we experienced the terrors of
+a storm remarkable for its severity and in the course of which a portion
+of the Consulate was blown down. After spending some anxious hours in an
+underground passage in the middle of the night, we were finally obliged
+to take refuge in the _Hong_ of Augustus Heard and Company. I shall
+never forget, as we sat in this lonely cellar with the elements raging
+above us, the imploring cries of my young children, "I want to go home."
+It was while this storm was raging that Mr. Gouverneur received the
+following note from George J. Weller, the representative of this
+well-known firm:--
+
+     My dear Mr. Gouverneur,
+
+     The Barometer is going up--the wind will probably abate a
+     little soon, and perhaps then Mrs. G. and the children can
+     come. _Make_ the coolies carry the chair. Three can do it.
+
+The semi-tropical climate of Foo Chow, however, did not agree with Mr.
+Gouverneur, in consequence of which we decided to return home. His
+campaign during the Mexican War had made serious inroads upon his
+health, from which he never entirely recovered. It was hoped that his
+life in the East would be beneficial, but it proved otherwise.
+Meanwhile, the Civil War was raging in the United States, but the news
+concerning it was very stale long before it reached us. We did not
+receive the particulars of the battle of Bull Run, for example, until
+three months after its occurrence. In view of the turbulent state of
+affairs at home, the government thought it important that Mr. Gouverneur
+should remain at his post of duty until the arrival of his successor,
+and he decided to do so. During these days of uncertainty, however, my
+husband deemed it wise that, if possible, I should return with the
+children on a ship sailing under the protection of the British flag, and
+I quite agreed with him. In due time the favorable opportunity presented
+itself, and I embarked for America in the British merchantman _Mirage_.
+The wisdom of Mr. Gouverneur's judgment was fully confirmed, as the next
+American vessel sailing from Foo Chow after my departure was captured by
+a Confederate privateer. When I went to China I took two little girls
+with me, and returned with three. At the birth of the last daughter we
+named her "Rose de Chine," in order to identify her more intimately with
+the land of her nativity. Soon after her birth, several Chinese asked
+me: "How many girls do you keep?"
+
+We were the only passengers on the _Mirage_ and, besides having very
+superior accommodations on board, we were treated with every
+consideration by its captain. We were three months upon the homeward
+voyage and the captain called it smooth sailing. We fell in with many
+vessels _en route_ and, to quote our skipper, we found them "like human
+beings, some very friendly and others stern and curt." When in mid-ocean
+we passed an American vessel, the _Anna Decatur_, which seemed like a
+welcome from home as it was named after a former New York friend of
+mine, Anna Pine Decatur, a niece of Commodore Stephen Decatur, who
+married Captain William H. Parsons of the merchant service. Lieutenant
+Stephen Decatur, U.S.N., a brother of Anna Pine Decatur, was a constant
+visitor at our house in Houston Street in my young days. During one of
+his cruises he was stricken with a serious illness which resulted in
+total blindness. He subsequently married but, although he never had the
+pleasure of seeing his wife and children, his genial nature was not
+changed by his affliction. In 1869 he became a Commodore on the retired
+list, but some of the family connection objected to his use of this
+title, as in their opinion the world should recognize only one Commodore
+Stephen Decatur, the naval hero of 1812.
+
+As we neared New York harbor I became decidedly impatient and was
+congratulating myself one morning that our long voyage was almost over,
+when I noticed that the usually pleasant expression on the captain's
+face had changed to one of extreme anxiety. I inquired: "What is wrong,
+Captain?" and to my dismay he replied: "Everything!" He then told me we
+were just outside the pilot grounds, but that in all his experience,
+even in Chinese waters, he had never known the barometer to fall so low;
+and, to add to his anxiety, there was no pilot within sight! It was a
+very cold February morning, the thermometer having reached the zero
+mark, and I went at once to my cabin to prepare for the worst. The
+captain meanwhile commenced to make preparations for a severe storm, but
+before we realized it the tempest was upon us and our vessel was blown
+far out to sea, where for three days we were at the mercy of the
+elements. The rudder was tied, the hatches battened down and there was
+nothing left to do but to sit with folded hands and trust to that
+Providence whom even the waters obey.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. GOUVERNEUR'S THREE DAUGHTERS.
+
+_Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford
+Johnson._]
+
+I remember sitting in my stateroom one of those terrible nights entirely
+alone and without even the comforting sound of a human voice. Our life
+preservers were within reach, but I fully realized that they would be of
+but little avail in such a raging sea. During those anxious moments,
+with my little children sound asleep in the adjoining cabin and quite
+oblivious of impending danger, I wondered whether it would be my destiny
+to close my earthly career on Rockaway Beach, near the spot where I had
+first seen the light of day; but soon after those anxious moments I was
+indeed grateful, as the captain told me that if the wind had been in
+another quarter all of us would have perished within a few hours.
+Gradually the winds and storm ceased and, the waters becoming calmer, we
+finally reached our haven without even being subjected to the annoying
+presence of a Custom House official, as the high seas had prevented his
+visit. When I reached land I learned that the awful storm had extended
+along the whole eastern coast and had carried death and devastation in
+its track. The children and I were driven to my mother's late residence,
+57 West Thirty-sixth Street, but she was no longer there to greet me, as
+she had passed into the Great Beyond the year before my return; but my
+sister Charlotte and my brother Malcolm were still living there, both of
+whom were unmarried. I had received such kindness from the captain of
+the _Mirage_ during the homeward voyage that I felt I should like to
+make some fitting return, and accordingly his wife and daughter became
+my guests.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THE CIVIL WAR AND LIFE IN MARYLAND
+
+
+As the time passed I became somewhat anxious over the delay in Mr.
+Gouverneur's return to this country. It seems, however, that, with
+neither of us knowing it, we were upon the sea at the same time. His
+homeward voyage was made by the way of the Isthmus of Suez and
+Marseilles. For a while it seemed difficult for either of us to realize
+that we were in our own country once more, as the Civil War had turned
+everything and everybody topsy turvy. When we left the country, party
+animosities were pitched to a high key, but the possibility of a
+gigantic civil war as a solution of political problems would have been
+regarded as preposterous. On our return, however, the country was wild
+with excitement over an armed struggle, the eventual magnitude of which
+no one had yet dreamed of. Newly equipped regiments were constantly
+passing in our vicinity for the seat of war, the national ensign and
+other emblems of loyalty were displayed on every hand and a martial
+spirit pervaded the very atmosphere. The war was the one important topic
+of conversation at homes, in the streets and in places of business. The
+passions of the people were so thoroughly aroused that they were
+frequently expressed in severe denunciation of any who presumed to
+entertain conservative views of the situation of affairs and who still
+hoped for conciliation and peace. Suspicions were often created by
+trivial but well-intended acts or remarks that were susceptible of a
+double construction, and loyal sentiment was often so pronounced in its
+denunciation of the South that no word or remark could be tolerated
+that by any possibility could be construed as a criticism of the
+administration, a disapproval of the war or of any detail relating to
+its conduct. For example, not long after our return from China, while
+Mr. Gouverneur and I were visiting my sister, Mrs. Eames, in Washington,
+we were watching one day a newly equipped regiment from Vermont while
+passing her residence _en route_ for the seat of war, when Mr. Eames
+remarked, "Gouverneur, isn't that a fine regiment?" My husband, who then
+and always thereafter was thoroughly loyal to the cause of the Union,
+but whose military training had made him familiar with the precise
+tactics and evolutions of regular troops, replied: "They need training,"
+when Mr. Eames, with much warmth of feeling, exclaimed: "You are a
+secessionist, sir!"
+
+That, however, represented but a mild state of feeling compared with
+that sometimes entertained between those who were loyal to the Union and
+others who sympathized with the South. I recall one conspicuous instance
+where such antagonistic views resulted in personal animosity that
+severed tender personal relations of long standing. When I left the
+country a lifelong intimacy had existed between Mrs. Charles Vanden
+Heuvel, a granddaughter of Robert Morris, the great financier of the
+Revolution, and Mrs. George Gibbs, granddaughter of the Connecticut
+statesman, Oliver Wolcott; but after the outbreak of the war these two
+elderly women differed so radically in their views concerning the
+conflict that, for a period, their personal relations were severed. The
+spirit of toleration was so utterly lacking in both the North and the
+South that even those allied by ties of blood were estranged, and a
+spirit of bitter resentment and crimination everywhere prevailed. This
+state of feeling, under the circumstances, was doubtless inevitable, but
+it emphasized better than almost anything else, except bloodshed itself,
+the truth of General Sherman's declaration that "War is Hell!"
+
+The animosities engendered by the war ruptured family ties and familiar
+associations in Maryland much more completely than in the North. One of
+the Needwood families was that of Outerbridge Horsey, who was a
+pronounced Southern sympathizer, while not far away at Mount O'Donnell,
+a superb old estate, lived General Columbus O'Donnell, who ardently
+espoused the cause of the Union. Mr. Horsey had a son born just after a
+Southern victory whom he named Robert Victor Lee; but later, after a
+Confederate defeat, General O'Donnell suggested that the name be changed
+to Robert "Skedaddle" Lee, whereupon Mr. Horsey retorted that he thought
+the name of a grandchild of General O'Donnell might appropriately be
+changed to George "Retreat" McClellan. Of Charles Oliver O'Donnell, one
+of the General's sons, I retain the pleasantest memories. He was a
+gentleman of attractive personality and a genial nature. His first wife
+was Lucinia de Sodre, daughter of Luis Pereira de Sodre, who at the time
+of his daughter's marriage was the Brazilian Minister in Washington. Mr.
+O'Donnell's second wife was Miss Helen Sophia Carroll of Baltimore.
+
+After remaining a few months in New York and a shorter period in
+Washington, we visited Mr. Gouverneur's father, who was still living at
+Needwood in Maryland. Here we found a radical change of scene, for we
+were now in close proximity to the seat of war. On our journey southward
+we were somewhat delayed by the rumor that General Lee was about to
+enter Maryland, rendering it necessary for us to procure passes, which
+was accomplished through the courtesy of General Edward Shriver, a
+native of Frederick, who held at the time an important official position
+in Baltimore. We had thought when we arrived in New York that public
+feeling ran high, but it was mild compared with our observations and
+experiences in Maryland, and we never dared to predict what a day would
+bring forth. Mr. Gouverneur's father was a pronounced Northern man, but
+his wife's relatives, as well as most of his neighbors, sympathized with
+the South. Soon after the outbreak of the war, while we were yet in
+China, and at the period when Maryland was wavering between the North
+and South, and to anxious spectators secession seemed almost inevitable,
+my father-in-law and ex-Governor Philip F. Thomas left one morning on a
+hurried trip to Frederick, where the State Legislature was convened in
+special session, instead of at the State Capitol in Annapolis, which was
+then occupied by Union troops. A report had reached them that the
+legislature would probably declare for secession and call a convention
+to take into consideration an ordinance for the accomplishment of that
+end, and they desired to exert whatever influence they could command to
+retain the State in the Union. The national administration, however, was
+equally alert, and a measure much more effective, in this instance, than
+moral suasion was employed to defeat the adherents of the Southern
+cause. General John A. Dix arrested ten members-elect of the State
+Legislature, the mayor of Baltimore, a congressman and two editors;
+while in Frederick, General Nathaniel P. Banks took into custody nine
+other members who, under the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus,
+were confined for a time either in Fort Lafayette in New York or in Fort
+Warren in Boston. I well remember that one of these was Severn Teackle
+Wallis of Baltimore, a lawyer of exceptional prominence and ability and
+a universal favorite in society.
+
+Shortly before the battle of Gettysburg, when Frederick County was
+occupied by the Union troops, many of the officers dined at Needwood. A
+little later, although over forty miles away, we knew that a great
+battle was in progress, as we distinctly heard the steady firing of
+heavy artillery. The news of the great Union victory finally reached us
+and I listened in silent sympathy to the rejoicing of the Unionists and
+heard the lamentations of the sympathizers with the Southern cause.
+
+After the battle of Gettysburg, the disorganized Southern army came
+straggling along through Maryland, their objective point being Harper's
+Ferry; while General George G. Meade with his troops was on South
+Mountain, within sight of the former locality. During the night there
+arose one of the most violent storms I have ever known, and we naturally
+supposed that it would render the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers, which
+meet at Harper's Ferry, absolutely impassable, as all bridges had, of
+course, been destroyed. The storm raged with such fury that we were
+actually afraid to go to bed. Mr. Gouverneur and I were elated because
+we believed it meant the end of hostilities and the Union restored; for
+in our opinion, it seemed impossible for human beings to successfully
+contend with the elements and at the same time to live under the fire of
+Meade's guns. It would therefore be difficult to describe our surprise
+when we learned the next morning that Lee's troops had safely crossed
+the Potomac and were again on the soil of Virginia.
+
+Several days later Mr. Gouverneur and I were driving on the national
+turnpike, commonly called the Hagerstown pike, when we encountered the
+Union army. Our destination was the country seat of ex-Governor Philip
+F. Thomas, two miles from Frederick and within the shadow of Catoctin
+mountain, which we were contemplating as a future home. Our travel was
+not impeded except by an occasional inquiry in regard to our political
+sentiments, as the Northern army was prone to believe that every
+sojourner in Maryland at this time was an adherent of the South. This
+national turnpike, which has been and still is a well-traveled
+thoroughfare, was constructed at a cost of several million dollars and
+was generally regarded as an extravagance of John Adams' administration.
+In speaking of this road, which begins at Georgetown, D.C., and crosses
+the mountains into Kentucky, Henry Clay once remarked that no one need
+go abroad for scenery after viewing "the Valley of the Shenandoah,
+Harper's Ferry, and the still more beautiful Middletown valley."
+
+We were so favorably impressed by the Thomas place that we decided to
+purchase it and in a short time found ourselves permanent residents of
+Frederick County, in Maryland. We changed the name from "Waverley" to
+"_Po-ne-sang_," which was the name of a Chinese Mission and meant "a
+small hill." After seeing the children and myself comfortably
+established in our new home, Mr. Gouverneur felt that he was now free to
+give his services to the country for which he had so valiantly fought
+during the Mexican War. As he was still in exceedingly delicate health,
+active service in the field with all the exposures of camp life was
+entirely out of the question but, desirous of rendering such services as
+he could, he wrote the following letter to Major General Henry W.
+Halleck, Commander in Chief of our Army:--
+
+     On my return from China, where I held the office of Consul
+     of the U.S., in the early part of May last I had the honor,
+     through the Honorable Secretary of State, to offer my
+     services to the President of the United States in any
+     capacity in which my military or other experience might
+     enable me to serve my country in its present hour of peril.
+     To my communication to this effect I have received no reply.
+
+     I have the honour now to tender to you my services on your
+     staff in some position wherein they may prove most
+     available.
+
+     The record of my former services in Mexico is on the files
+     of the War Department, and I am without vanity led to
+     believe that the historical associations which place my name
+     in connection with that of James Monroe may give a prestige
+     in our cause not wholly valueless. In conclusion I beg to
+     add that the subject of compensation with me would be a
+     matter of indifference.
+
+General Halleck replied as follows:--
+
+     Washington, July 30, 1863.
+
+     Samuel L. Gouverneur Jr.
+     New York.
+
+     Sir,
+
+     The law authorizing the appointment of additional aides has
+     been repealed. Moreover, I have long since refused to
+     nominate except for distinguished or meritorious military
+     services. It is true that some have been put upon my staff
+     without having rendered any service at all, but they were
+     not nominated by me, and I do not recognize their
+     appointment as legal.
+
+          Yours &c.,
+
+               H. W. HALLECK,
+               Major General Commanding.
+
+General Halleck seemed to be ignorant of the fact that the chief
+requisite for serving upon his staff was not wanting in the case of my
+husband, who, as before stated, was brevetted for gallantry and
+meritorious conduct at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco in the
+Mexican War.
+
+Halleck's reply was a bitter disappointment to Mr. Gouverneur but a
+tremendous relief to me, as I knew he was not in the condition of health
+to serve even as a staff-officer. When he originally broached the
+subject to me I did not try to dissuade him, as I felt that I had no
+moral right to interfere with his ideas of duty to his country. The
+Halleck letter, therefore, brought about a state of affairs in our
+household much more satisfactory than my most sanguine anticipations.
+Mr. Gouverneur, having done his full duty, gave up his idea of
+re-entering the Army and, in a spirit of contentment, began to take up
+life in our new home.
+
+During the month of August, 1863, we had just gotten fairly settled
+when the Confederate guerrilla chieftain, John S. Mosby, appeared at our
+door with his band of marauders. Their visit was brief and we were
+spared the usual depredations--why, we knew not, unless it were owing to
+the fact that Mr. Gouverneur's nephew, James Monroe Heiskell, a mere boy
+of sixteen, who ran away from home and swam across the Potomac to join
+Mosby's band, possibly accompanied him. Mosby's men in the East and
+Morgan's rangers in the West represented a species of ignoble warfare.
+In reality they did not benefit the cause which they professed to serve,
+but merely molested inoffensive farmers by carrying off their stock and
+thus depriving them of their means of livelihood. In recent years I
+discussed with a Confederate officer, the late General Beverly
+Robertson, Mosby's mode of warfare, and he surprised but gratified me
+very much by saying that in his opinion, it was a great injury to the
+Southern cause. It seems hardly just that, during President Grant's
+administration and later, official positions should have been bestowed
+upon Mosby while the interests of other Confederate officers who had
+fought a fair and honorable fight and had battled, moreover, for their
+country during the Mexican War, should have been neglected.
+
+These war experiences furnished strenuous days for us in our new home
+and we lived in a state of constant excitement. I well recall the first
+morning it was announced to us by one of the colored servants, while we
+were at the breakfast table, that "the rebels were coming," and the
+feeling of timidity that nearly overpowered me. Very soon some troops
+under the command of General Bradley T. Johnson, a native of Frederick,
+marched upon our lawn and encamped all around us. General Johnson
+immediately came to our door and, although I was in anything but a
+comfortable frame of mind, I summoned all my courage and met him at the
+threshold. In a very courtly manner--too much so, in fact, to be
+expected in time of war--he remarked, "You are a stranger here, madam."
+I responded: "My life here has been short; my name is Gouverneur." He at
+once said: "I suppose you are a relative of Mr. Gouverneur of the
+Maryland Tract." I admitted the fact although I was not quite sure it
+was discreet to do so, as the Union sentiments of my father-in-law were
+generally well known, and I was talking to a Confederate General. He and
+his officers spent some time with us and we found them exceedingly
+friendly, and thus, at least for a time, the terrors of war were
+averted. Many years later I met General Johnson in my own drawing-room
+when he and his wife came from Baltimore to attend the wedding of my
+daughter, Ruth Monroe, to his cousin, Doctor William Crawford Johnson,
+of Frederick. We naturally discussed our first meeting when he was
+greeted with less cordiality than he received during his present visit.
+
+Upon learning of the approach of the Confederates, we made rapid
+preparations for their advent. As we had learned from our neighbors that
+the South stood in great need of horses and we owned a number of them of
+more than usual value, Mr. Gouverneur seized upon an ingenious plan for
+concealing them. Under our house was a fine cellar which, unfortunately,
+the horses refused to enter until the steps leading into it were
+removed. When this had been done, they were led down one by one into a
+darkened room, and bags were securely tied over their eyes to prevent
+them from neighing. During the visit of the Confederates, which seemed
+to us interminably long, owing to our anxiety about the horses, General
+Johnson sat directly over their hiding place; but they behaved like
+well-bred beasts and never uttered a sound. I had serious misgivings,
+however, when I saw a mounted officer, riding around the house to make a
+survey of the premises, stop at the upturned steps. For a moment I
+thought all was over and my feelings were akin to those, I fancy, of a
+person secreting stolen goods; but the investigation happily went no
+further and he rode on.
+
+When the active preparations for hiding the horses were in progress my
+children were running hither and thither and watching the process with
+much interest and excitement. I called them to me and in my sternest
+tones told them of the near approach of the soldiers and gave them to
+understand that if they said "horse" or "rebel devil" in their presence
+I should punish them severely. They had been taught by the negroes on
+the place to call the Southerners "rebel devils," and I feared for the
+result if they allowed their childish tongues to wag too freely. A few
+hours later I spoke to one of the little girls upon some topic entirely
+foreign to our original subject, but she was so overawed by my threat
+and the presence of the troops that she seemed afraid to utter a word.
+After a little encouragement, however, she crept up to my side and
+whispered: "Mamma, they have taken all of our saddles!" General Johnson
+was still sitting on our porch, when a soldier approached and asked for
+an ax. One was immediately procured, when the General, asking the man's
+name, said: "That ax is to be returned." This order struck me as
+somewhat ludicrous when a little later I learned that the ax was to be
+used in demolishing all of our fences! This precaution was deemed
+important in order to facilitate, if necessary, a more speedy retreat.
+
+As night approached we were asked if a guard would be acceptable, and we
+were only too glad to avail ourselves of such protection. As we were
+closing the house for the night, after our strenuous day, one of the
+soldiers on guard duty remarked to me, in a friendly voice: "Now I am
+going to bed!" In my astonishment I said: "Where?" The smiling response
+was: "On the porch, to be sure!" In this state of unrest there was no
+repose for us that night and we did not even attempt to undress, as we
+knew not what an hour might bring forth. Just before dawn there was a
+knock upon the front door and, upon opening it, I found facing me a
+guard who, without any apology, said: "I left my boots inside!" Before I
+had locked the front door again and returned to my room, the Southerners
+had "folded up their tents like the Arabs and as silently stolen away."
+Only a short period had elapsed when several mounted officers dashed up
+our driveway and anxiously inquired: "Where are the guards?" They gave
+me only time enough to say, "They have gone," when they rode rapidly
+away. We came to the conclusion that they were young men visiting their
+relatives and friends in Frederick and that the retreat was so sudden
+that no word of warning could be sent them.
+
+We realized the next day that the hasty departure of the Confederates
+was timely, as the Union Army was encamped all around us. Some of the
+officers came to see us and Mr. Gouverneur invited them to dine. This
+was a period of sudden transitions, for that night the Union Army
+retreated and the next day the Confederates were with us again, dining
+upon the remnants of the meal left by their adversaries. It was all we
+had to give them, as all our colored servants, having been told that
+they would be captured and taken further South, had fled upon hearing of
+the second visit of the Confederates. This was naturally a trying
+experience for me, as no servant except a Chinese maid was left upon the
+place and I was in a strange locality. But luckily I found the last set
+of officers pleasant and congenial and ready to make due allowance for
+all household deficiencies. Several of them were natives of Loudoun
+County, Virginia, and were familiar with our name, as they had lived
+near Oak Hill, the estate of Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, where my
+husband had passed a portion of his early life. We soon learned that
+country life during war times without satisfactory servants was much
+more than either Mr. Gouverneur or I had sufficient courage or strength
+to bear. This state of affairs resulted in my husband going to New York,
+where he secured a family of Irish immigrants consisting of a woman and
+three men. The relative positions of the two armies in our general
+vicinity had meanwhile shifted several times and we never knew from day
+to day whether we were destined to greet friend or foe.
+
+On the particular morning of which I am about to speak, the Confederates
+were again with us. They were apparently unacquainted with the
+topography of the surrounding country and were naturally desirous of
+securing such information as should enable them, in case of necessity,
+to effect a speedy and secure retreat. We received an early call from
+several of their officers who inquired the way to the "Alms House Road."
+We had been so busily engaged in trying to settle ourselves down under
+such adverse circumstances that we knew actually nothing of the
+surrounding country; and, when Mr. Gouverneur informed our visitors of
+this fact, they looked at one another in such a decidedly incredulous
+way as to convince us that they thought we were withholding information.
+My husband finally sent for John Demsey, one of our Irish immigrants,
+who had driven considerably around the adjacent country, and one of the
+officers in a rather offensive manner renewed his query about the "Alms
+House Road." To our chagrin, John's answer was, "I do not know;" and Mr.
+Gouverneur, realizing that affairs were assuming a rather serious
+aspect, said: "John, you do know; tell the officer at once." With true
+Irish perspicacity he exclaimed: "Oh, sir, you mean the 'Poor House
+road'--I know that;" and forthwith gave the desired information. In
+anything but pleasant tones the Irish youth was told by the officers to
+accompany them as guide, and the order was obeyed with both fear and
+alacrity. Mr. Gouverneur then exacted from the commanding officer his
+word of honor that the man be permitted to return, and remarked at the
+same time, in an ironical manner, that if they continued to tear down
+our fences and commit other depredations we should all of us know the
+location of the Alms House.
+
+At a much later period General Jubal A. Early's Army passed our door _en
+route_, as at least he hoped, for Washington. General John B. Gordon
+sent an orderly to our house with his compliments to ask for a map of
+Frederick County, which we were unable to supply. All through the day
+the Southern troops continued to march by, until, towards sunset, the
+rear of the last column halted in front of our place. As we knew that a
+battle was imminent, we awaited the result with beating hearts and
+anxious hopes. When the firing of cannon began we know that the battle
+of the Monocacy had begun and were truly grateful that it was four miles
+away! The battle was short and decisive and the Southern Army was
+repulsed. The wounded soldiers were conveyed to Frederick, where
+hospitals were improvised, and the dead were laid to rest in Mount
+Olivet Cemetery, on the outskirts of the city. Both Northern and
+Southern sympathizers became skilled nurses and their gentle
+ministrations resulted in several instances in romantic attachments.
+Among the young physicians left in Frederick to attend the wounded
+soldiers was Doctor Robert S. Weir, who subsequently became
+distinguished as a surgeon in New York City. While stationed at the
+hospital in Frederick, he met a daughter of Robert G. McPherson, whom at
+the conclusion of the war he married. Mrs. McPherson was Miss Milicent
+Washington, who was a direct descendant of Colonel Samuel Washington, a
+younger brother of George Washington, and whose five wives are all
+interred in the graveyard at the old family home, Harewood, in Jefferson
+County, Virginia. Mrs. McPherson, one of whose ancestors was Miss Ann
+Steptoe, who married Willoughby Allerton, was also a niece of "Dolly"
+Madison.
+
+Prior to the battle of the Monocacy I discovered that our house was
+again surrounded by quite a number of Northern soldiers. This was an
+usual occurrence, to be sure, but this time they were making such a
+careful scrutiny of the premises that I was led to inquire of one of
+them what object they had in view. To my utter dismay I was informed
+that as our house was upon a hill they had selected it as "a position,"
+and that our safest place was in the cellar. We soon realized the wisdom
+of this retreat as shells began to fly around us from several directions
+and with much rapidity. We spent the greater part of the day
+underground, wondering all the while how long our involuntary
+imprisonment would last, as these dark and dismal quarters were
+naturally a great restraint upon the children and exceedingly depressing
+to Mr. Gouverneur and myself.
+
+Although Northern in our sentiments, we sometimes preferred the visits
+of the Confederates to those of their adversaries, owing to the greater
+consideration which we received from them. Upon the arrival of our own
+soldiers, their first act was to search the house from garret to cellar.
+At first I indignantly inquired their object and was curtly informed
+that they were searching for "concealed rebels." I gradually tolerated
+this mode of procedure until one morning when we were routed up at five
+o'clock, and then I protested. The Union soldiers took it for granted
+that, owing to the locality of our home, we were Southern sympathizers,
+and accordingly at times seemed to do everything in their power to make
+us uncomfortable. During those trying days I frequently recalled the
+wise saying of Marechal Villars, "Defend me from my friends, I can
+defend myself from my enemies." We noticed, however, a great difference
+in the conduct of the various detachments of the Union Army with which
+we came in contact. We always greeted the appearance of the 6th Army
+Corps with much enthusiasm. It was composed of stalwart and sturdy
+veterans of the regular Army; and I trust its survivors will accept my
+humble tribute of respect and esteem. Very early in the morning of the
+day following the departure of some members of this corps from
+_Po-ne-sang_ a private appeared at one of our rear doors and inquired
+when the troops had departed. He had been indulging in a sound sleep
+under one of the broken fences and was wholly unconscious that his
+comrades had moved away. He hesitated for some minutes as to the course
+he should pursue and then hurried off toward Hagerstown. We subsequently
+learned that he was shot at a point not far distant and were impressed
+anew by the bloody horrors attending our Civil War.
+
+General David Hunter made frequent visits to Frederick and his approach
+was regarded with terror by those in sympathy with the Southern cause.
+It was he who performed the unpleasant duty of sending persons suspected
+of disloyalty further South, thereby often separating families. Many of
+his victims were elderly people and it is difficult for me at this late
+day to describe the amount of distress these orders occasioned. I
+remember one case particularly well, that of Dr. John Thomas McGill, a
+practicing physician who, together with his wife, was ordered to proceed
+immediately. Mrs. McGill was in very delicate health and the fright
+caused by such summary proceedings, which by the way were not carried
+out, tremendous Union influences having been brought to bear, resulted
+in death. Many years after the war I attended a supper party at the home
+of Judge and Mrs. John Ritchie, when the guests drifted into war
+reminiscences. Dr. McGill was present and, as the conversation
+progressed, he was so overcome by his emotion that an apoplectic stroke
+was feared.
+
+During the numerous visits of the Confederate army to Frederick County,
+General "Joe" Johnston became a great favorite and for some time made
+his headquarters in the city of Frederick. I learned from Colonel
+William Richardson, a beloved citizen of that place, that the General
+was especially solicitous concerning the welfare of the men under his
+command. One day, for example, he found one of his soldiers eating raw
+persimmons and at once reproved him for partaking of such unsuitable
+food. The soldier explained that he was adapting his stomach to the
+character of his rations. Although we did not see Stonewall Jackson's
+troops pass on their march to Frederick, we were aware of their presence
+there. Barbara Frietchie, whom Whittier has immortalized, lived in a
+small house on West Patrick Street, adjoining Carroll Creek, but whether
+she ever waved a Union flag as Stonewall Jackson's men were passing is a
+question concerning which opinions differ. Southern sympathizers deny
+it, while persons of Northern sentiments living in Frederick assert that
+the verses of the Quaker poet represent the truth. At any rate, a woman
+with such a name "lived and moved and had her being" in that city. She
+was interred in the burying ground of the German Reformed Church, and
+frequently pilgrimages are made to her grave, over which floats a Union
+flag not far from where
+
+    The clustered spires of Frederick stand
+    Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.
+
+I may state, in passing, that it was during the Civil War that the word
+"shoddy" was coined. It was originally used to designate a class of
+inferior goods intended for use in the army from the sale of which many
+fortunes were made. Later the word was employed to designate those who
+used such goods; and thus, by extension, one heard not only of "shoddy
+people," but also of "shoddy parties," "shoddy clothes," and so on.
+
+We heartily shared in the rejoicings of the North when General Lee
+surrendered. In our country home we had lived in an actual condition of
+camp life so long that at its conclusion I remarked to my husband in a
+jocular vein that I was prepared for a life with the Comanches! We
+restored our damaged fences, dug up our silver which had been buried
+many months under a tree in the garden, and Mr. Gouverneur began to turn
+his attention to agriculture. Our farm was among the finest in Frederick
+County, which is usually regarded as one of the garden spots of the
+country. Our social relations had been entirely suspended, as the
+distractions attending the war had kept us so actively employed; but
+that was now a past episode and we began making pleasant acquaintances
+from Frederick and the surrounding country. Among our first visitors
+were Judge and Mrs. William P. Maulsby; Richard M. Potts and his
+brother, George Potts; Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Trail; the Rev. Dr. and
+Mrs. George Diehl and their daughter Marie, who in subsequent years
+endeared herself to the residents of Frederick; Mrs. John McPherson and
+her daughter, Mrs. Worthington Ross; Dr. and Mrs. Fairfax Schley; Judge
+and Mrs. John Ritchie; Mr. and Mrs. Jacob M. Kunkel; and the Rev.
+Marmaduke Dillon-Lee, an Englishman who had served in the British Army
+and at this time was the rector of All Saints Episcopal Church in
+Frederick. He had been selected for this pulpit on account of his
+neutral political views and we found in him a congenial acquaintance. He
+remained in Frederick, however, for only a short period after the war
+and was succeeded by the deservedly beloved Rev. Dr. Osborne Ingle, who,
+after a pastorate of nearly half a century, recently passed to his
+reward. I can not pass this Godly man by without an encomium to his
+memory. He came to Frederick as a very young man and throughout his long
+rectorship he was truly a leader of his flock and, like the "Good
+Shepherd of Old," the sheep knew him and loved him.
+
+It did not take long for Mr. Gouverneur and me to discover that neither
+of us was adapted to a country life under the conditions prevailing at
+the close of the War--so very different from those existing in that
+locality at a later period. He knew nothing of practical farming and I
+knew nothing of practical cooking. Although I was never entirely without
+domestic service, as I always had with me the Chinese maid whom I had
+brought from the East, we were not fitted, at the best, for such a life.
+The result was that after one winter's experience we made _Po-ne-sang_
+only our summer home. During the trials and tribulations of that distant
+winter I often recalled a remark which Lord Chesterfield is said to have
+made to several persons whom he disliked: "I wish you were married and
+settled in the country." It has even been asserted that, in his
+absentmindedness and excitement incident to encountering an infuriated
+cow, he addressed the beast with the same words. This was a favorite
+anecdote of General Scott, and it appealed to me then as well as now, as
+I regard country life a forlorn fate for all women excepting possibly
+those who are endowed with large wealth with which to gratify every
+passing whim.
+
+The primitive life we led at _Po-ne-sang_ was full of annoyances and
+discouragements. For example, we had no running water in our house and
+were supposed to supply ourselves from a cistern in the yard which had
+contracted the bad habit of running dry and for inconvenient periods
+remaining so. We were therefore compelled to carry all our water from a
+neighbor's spring at least a quarter of a mile away. We tried to remedy
+this defect by boring an artesian well, but all our attempts were
+unsuccessful. Country life was distasteful to cooks as they preferred to
+live in a city where they could make and mingle with friends, and I soon
+learned that if I wanted to keep a servant I must hire one who had a
+baby, and that is just what I did. Although country life was distasteful
+to her, too, she took her dose of medicine because she could not help
+herself as no one else would employ her. Often these babies were a
+source of great care to me, as their mothers would neglect
+them--sometimes from ignorance but more frequently from sheer
+indifference. I remember one cook whose baby, owing to the lack of
+proper attention, was actually in danger of starving to death. She kept
+it in a wooden box under a tree in the garden, and I was obliged at
+stated intervals to see that the child was fed.
+
+During our summers at _Po-ne-sang_ our servants made both hard and soft
+soap in a large kettle which swung from an iron tripod in the yard. They
+also made apple and peach butter, a German marmalade that was highly
+regarded in that section of the country. The apples or peaches were
+allowed to cook slowly all day in a kettle suspended from the tripod and
+were stirred by wooden paddles, whose handles were long enough to enable
+them to be worked at a convenient distance from the fire. In making this
+marmalade, cider was regarded as an important ingredient and the sugar
+was seldom added until the last. Mr. Gouverneur experimented somewhat in
+wine making. His success was almost phenomenal and we enjoyed the fruits
+of his labor for many years. He used Catawba grapes entirely, which were
+brought to our door in wagon-loads by the country folk who surrounded
+us.
+
+The Maryland mountaineers, as I knew them, were very similar in life and
+character to those in North Carolina, of whom more or less has been
+written the last few years. They had peculiar customs as well as quaint
+modes of action and expression, and invented names for things and
+conditions to suit themselves. I remember, for example, that when
+persons showed signs of physical illness and the exact nature of their
+maladies was uncertain they were said to have "the gobacks." Frederick
+County was settled by the early Germans and many of their expressions
+are still in vogue. A peach dried whole with the seed retained is
+called a _hutzel_, and dried apples are _snitz_. In this connection I am
+reminded of a German family named House, which resided in Frederick and
+consisted of four maiden sisters. Their means were limited and they eked
+out their living by stamping from original designs and taking in plain
+sewing. Their front door was always locked and bolted, and to reach the
+inmates it was necessary to pass through a gate leading into a long
+alley and thence through a scrupulously clean kitchen and up the steep
+and narrow back stairs to a small rear room, where sat these four
+spinsters. The first one who met you said, "Good-morning," and the
+others repeated the salutation in turn until the last one was reached,
+who simply said, "Morning." This laughable procedure was followed in
+their subsequent conversation, for one of them had only to lead off with
+a remark and the others repeated the close of it. It is said that
+Crissie, the youngest of the quartette, once had a beau with whom she
+sat each night for many years in their prim parlor and that, when he
+finally jilted her, one of her sisters was heard to remark, _apropos_ of
+the broken engagement: "Just think of all them candles wasted!"
+
+The second winter of our Maryland life was spent at a hotel in Frederick
+where we formed a lasting friendship with our fellow boarders, Judge and
+Mrs. John A. Lynch. With my historical as well as social tastes, I found
+the McPherson household a source of great pleasure and intellectual
+profit to me. I knew Mrs. "Fanny" McPherson, as she was invariably
+called, only as an elderly woman who retained all the graces and charms
+of youth. To listen to her tales of bygone days was a pleasure upon
+which I even yet delight to dwell. She lived to a very great age
+surrounded by her children, her grandchildren and her
+great-grandchildren, and went to her grave beloved by all. She was the
+granddaughter of Thomas Johnson, the first Governor of Maryland. I
+remember reading on one occasion a letter which she took great pride in
+showing me, written to her grandfather by Washington, offering him the
+position of Secretary of State in his cabinet. This flattering offer he
+declined, but to him is said to belong the honor of having nominated
+Washington as Commander in Chief of the Army.
+
+Mrs. McPherson was nearly related to Mrs. John Quincy Adams, who was
+Louisa Catharine Johnson of this same Maryland family, and, as she was
+an occasional visitor at the White House during her relative's residence
+there, she mingled with many prominent people. I recall a weird story
+she once told me in connection with a daughter of Smith Thompson,
+Secretary of the Navy under President Monroe. It seems she married the
+Viscount Paul Alfred de Bresson, the third Secretary of the French
+Embassy in Washington, and subsequently many elaborate entertainments
+were given in her honor in Washington. She returned with her husband to
+Europe and several months later her family received the announcement of
+her death. As they had only recently received a letter from her, when
+apparently she was in the best of health and spirits, they felt somewhat
+skeptical and wrote at once for more definite information. A few weeks
+later a package reached them containing her heart preserved in alcohol.
+Mrs. McPherson's older daughter, Mrs. Worthington Ross, lived with her
+mother and ministered with loving hands to her wants in her old age,
+while the remainder of her life was devoted to unselfish labor in her
+Master's vineyard. Her memory, as well as that of her only child, Fanny
+McPherson Ross, who passed onward and upward before her, is still
+revered in Frederick.
+
+Mr. Gouverneur and I also formed a pleasant acquaintance with Rev. Dr.
+John McElroy, whose remarkable career in the Catholic Church is well
+worthy of notice. Coming to this country as a mere lad, he engaged in
+mercantile pursuits in Georgetown, D.C., and when about sixteen years
+of age became a lay Jesuit and in 1817 entered the priesthood. After
+ministering to Trinity church in Georgetown for several years, he was
+transferred, at the request of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, to
+Frederick, where he built St. John's church, a college, an academy, an
+orphan asylum, and the first free school in the city. After remaining
+there for twenty-three years and establishing a reputation for devotion
+to his church and rare executive ability that made him one of the most
+useful Jesuits in the country, he was sent back to his old church in
+Georgetown and the following year went to the Mexican War as Chaplain in
+the regiment commanded by Caleb Cushing. During our occasional
+conversations it seemed to afford him more than usual pleasure to
+discuss with me the ability of his distinguished military chief. After
+the war he was sent to Boston, where he became pastor of St. Mary's
+church, and built the Boston College and the Church of the Immaculate
+Conception. At the age of ninety, he became blind and retired to the
+scene of his early labors in Frederick, where, as the oldest Jesuit in
+the world, he died in the fall of 1877. I remember meeting him one day
+on the street when he proudly announced that it was his birthday and
+that he was sixty-nine years of age. I knew him to be much older, and my
+words of astonishment evidently revived his senses for, realizing that
+he had reversed his figures, he corrected himself by adding, "I mean
+ninety-six." At that time he was quite active, considering his extreme
+age, and to the close of his life was much respected and beloved by the
+residents of Frederick, irrespective of creed. I attended his funeral
+and he was laid to rest in the burying ground of the old Novitiate which
+he founded. It was then that I saw for the first time the grave of Chief
+Justice Roger B. Taney. The two-story brick house in Frederick in which
+he lived is still standing, but it would be regarded with contempt by
+any of the present Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States.
+But how natural, for how changed are the times! In an eloquent address
+subsequent to Taney's death, Charles O'Conor concluded with these words:
+"May the future historian in writing of Judge Roger B. Taney sorrowfully
+add, _Ultimus Romanorum_."
+
+Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Star-Spangled Banner," is also
+buried in Frederick soil. For many years his remains reposed in an
+unnoticed grave in Mount Olivet Cemetery but, through the efforts of the
+citizens of Frederick, and especially of its women, an imposing monument
+now towers above him surmounted by a superb male figure with
+outstretched arms. While living in Maryland I frequently met Chief
+Justice Salmon P. Chase at the residence of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough,
+and was much impressed by his imposing presence and courtly bearing.
+Many years before, he had been a tutor in the Frederick College, which
+still survives and whose walls bear the inscription "1797." Mrs.
+Goldsborough was a lifelong resident of Frederick and a woman of a high
+degree of intelligence. Her daughter, Miss Mary Catharine Goldsborough,
+I always numbered among my most cherished friends.
+
+After a pleasant sojourn of a number of months in Frederick, we went to
+spend the summer at _Po-ne-sang_, where we had the satisfaction of
+entertaining quite a number of old friends, among whom was the Hon.
+Lafayette S. Foster, then Vice-President _pro tempore_ of the United
+States. Maryland was a familiar as well as a cherished State to him, as
+in early life he had been a tutor in Centerville on the "Eastern Shore."
+Mr. Foster's visit was decidedly uneventful to him, as he was there
+entirely unheralded and without even a newspaper notice to announce his
+coming and going.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+VISIT TO THE FAR SOUTH AND RETURN TO WASHINGTON
+
+
+In the autumn of the same year I decided to make a long anticipated
+visit to Mrs. John Still Winthrop in Tallahassee, whose marriage in
+Gramercy Park I had attended so many years ago and which I have already
+described. My two younger children accompanied me, but my oldest
+daughter I left behind under her father's protecting care at the Misses
+Vernon's boarding school in Frederick. This period seemed especially
+suitable for such a long absence, as the whole time and attention of Mr.
+Gouverneur was engrossed in editing for publication a posthumous work of
+James Monroe, which was subsequently published by the Lippincotts under
+the title, "The People the Sovereigns." We sailed from New York and
+stopped _en route_ in Savannah to enable me to see my old friend and
+schoolmate, Mrs. William Neyle Habersham. Sherman in his "March to the
+Sea" had passed through Georgia, carrying with him destruction and
+devastation, and the suffering which this and other campaigns of the war
+had brought into the homes of these Southern people it would be
+difficult to describe. The whole South seemed to be shrouded in
+mourning, as nearly everyone I met had given up to the "Lost Cause" a
+husband or a son, and in some cases both. Two gallant sons of the
+Habershams, mere boys, had died upon the same battlefield, and when I
+saw Mr. Habersham for the first time after the war he was so overcome
+with grief that he was obliged to leave the room. Talented to an unusual
+degree and possessing much fortitude, his wife fought bravely for the
+sake of her dear ones still spared her, but every now and then her
+sorrow asserted itself anew and seemed more than her bleeding soul could
+bear. She was especially gifted with her pen, and about ten years after
+the war, while her heart was still wrung with grief, she wrote the
+following pathetic lines:--
+
+     Up above, the Pines make sweet music; sad, plaintive, for
+     must there not be a tone of "infinite sadness" in all the
+     places of Earth's finite gladness? From a spray of jessamine
+     I hear the chirp of a little bird--a young beginner; it
+     tries over and over again "its one plain passage of few
+     notes"--the prelude to the full-voice anthem which summer
+     will harmonize. Ah! what shades and sunlight! what coloring!
+     Green in the grass and trees, blue in the violets and sky,
+     gray in the moss, yellow in the jessamines, falling around
+     in a perfect Danaean shower of burnished gold! My truant
+     fancy sees all this--and more! A dear hand that held mine, a
+     "pure hand," a boy's hand, that ere many summers had spread
+     out their gorgeous pageantry had drawn the sword for that
+     dear summer-land of the jessamine and pine--had drawn the
+     sword and dropped it; dropped it from the earnest, vigorous
+     clasp of glorious young manhood to lie still and calm,
+     life's duty nobly done; ah, a short young life but ... and
+     then the other young soldier! for is not my sorrow a twin
+     sorrow? Can they be dissevered? In death they were not
+     divided. My eyes grow dim. Wipe away the mist, poor mother!
+     to see the dear faces of sons and daughters gracing the
+     board. Let the blue of the violets breathe to thee rather of
+     endless skies and an eternal Heaven, where earth's finite
+     sadness is beautified into infinite gladness.
+
+We finally reached Tallahassee, where we found the most cordial welcome
+awaiting us. Mrs. Winthrop lived in the very heart of the city but our
+surroundings were much more beautiful than I can describe, for the
+orange trees and hyacinths and jessamine in full bloom and other wealth
+of semi-tropical vegetation were suggestive of an earthly Paradise.
+Since we last met my hostess had become a widow, but fortunately she and
+her only son, who was then just emerging into manhood, had not felt the
+personal vicissitudes of the struggle, as they had taken refuge in the
+mountains of North Carolina. Before the war the Winthrops had owned
+hundreds of slaves and most of them, in a state of freedom, were still
+living in quarters only a short distance from the house and were working
+on her plantations just as though the war had not made them free. But
+both among those who suffered from the war and those who escaped its
+ravages the unfriendly feeling entertained at this time against their
+Northern brethren was naturally intense. I remember that one Sunday
+morning a young son of Mrs. Custis, who with his mother was then an
+inmate of the Winthrop household, asked his mother, who had just
+returned from the early service of the Episcopal Church, whether "the
+'Yankees' went up to the same communion table with the Southern people."
+
+During my Tallahassee life I made the acquaintance of Madame Achille
+Murat, who lived in an old mansion outside of the city limits. She was
+Miss Catharine A. Willis of Virginia, and a great-grandniece of General
+Washington. Upon her marriage to Achille Murat he took her abroad, where
+she was received with much distinction on account of her Washington
+blood. Then, too, her marriage into such an illustrious French family
+was an open sesame to the most exclusive circles of society. She was an
+elderly woman when I met her, but her conversation abounded with the
+most interesting reminiscences of her life in France. She died in the
+summer of 1867. Achille Murat was the son of Joachim Murat, the great
+Marshal of Napoleon, whose sister Caroline he married and became King of
+Naples. Many years later his two sons came to this country. One of them
+settled in Bordentown in New Jersey, and Achille Murat, after his
+marriage to his Virginia bride, became a resident of Florida. Madame
+Murat told me of some of the visits she made to France when the voyage
+was long and tedious. She had many articles of _vertu_ around her, and I
+especially recall a superb marble bust by Canova of her mother-in-law,
+Queen Caroline. I expressed surprise at the extreme attractiveness of
+the late Queen, as I had always understood that the Princess Pauline,
+Napoleon's other sister, was the family beauty. Madame Murat, however,
+told me I was mistaken and that her royal mother-in-law was, in that
+respect, quite the equal of her sister.
+
+During my acquaintance with Madame Murat, Napoleon III. was on the
+throne of France, and I learned from our many friendly chats that her
+relations with her distinguished kinspeople were of the most cordial
+character; and I am informed that for many years the Emperor gave her an
+annuity. Hanging in her drawing-room, whose contents were replete with
+historic association, were two handsome portraits of the Emperor and
+Empress of France, which she called to my attention as recent gifts from
+her royal relatives. That prince of hosts, Gouverneur Kemble, once told
+me an amusing incident _apropos_ of Achille Murat's resourcefulness
+under peculiar difficulties. On one occasion quite a number of foreign
+guests appeared at the Frenchman's door and, although Florida is a land
+"flowing with milk and honey," he was sorely perplexed to know what
+would be "toothsome and succulent" to serve for their repast. Suddenly
+an idea flashed upon him. He owned a large flock of sheep and, nothing
+daunted, gave immediate orders to have the tips of their ears cut off.
+These were served in due form, and his guests departed in total
+ignorance of what they had eaten but fully convinced that America
+produced the choicest of viands.
+
+Upon one of her numerous visits to France, Madame Murat was accompanied
+to the Louvre by Mr. Francis Porteus Corbin, a Virginian whose
+contemporaries proudly asserted was an adornment to any court. While
+they were engaged in viewing the works of art, Madame Murat was joined
+by Jerome Bonaparte, to whom she formally presented Mr. Corbin. When the
+opportunity arose Bonaparte inquired of his kinswoman who "the elegant
+gentleman" was. The ready response was: "Mr. Corbin, of Virginia."
+"Well," was the ejaculation, "I had no idea there was so much elegance
+in America."
+
+I think these pages will show that all through life I have had a decided
+fancy for older men and women. I can hardly account for this taste
+except by the fact that my predilections have always been of a decidedly
+historical character. As another instance, I especially enjoyed my
+meeting in the far South with Judge Thomas Randall, who made his home in
+Tallahassee, but who was originally from Annapolis. He did not allow
+advanced years to interfere with his social tastes, but frequently
+accompanied us to parties, where his vivacity rendered him one of the
+most acceptable of guests. Still another elderly gentleman with whom I
+had the pleasure of becoming acquainted during this Southern sojourn was
+Francis Wayles Eppes. He was the son of U.S. Senator John Wayles Eppes,
+whose wife was Maria Jefferson, elder daughter of Thomas Jefferson. He
+left Virginia many years prior to my acquaintance with him and settled
+with several members of the Randolph family in Western Florida when it
+was almost a wilderness.
+
+I left with keen regret this picturesque land of flowers and stately
+oaks, but duty called me home, as my husband and little daughter were
+growing impatient over our long absence. It would seem that the
+observance of timetables differed in those days according to localities
+and other circumstances. I was informed that the train I should take
+from Tallahassee would leave _about_ such and such a time; but upon my
+inquiring in Savannah as to whether the ship upon which I proposed to
+embark for Baltimore would leave on time, I was explicitly told by its
+captain that if I were a minute late I should not be one of its
+passengers.
+
+After my return to Maryland, the home of our adoption, we abandoned the
+idea of country life, sold our residence and took up our abode in
+Frederick. My children were now reaching an age when education became an
+important matter and I took advantage of the Frederick Female Seminary,
+an institution that has since become a college, as an excellent place to
+which to send my eldest daughter. It was during this period of
+transition that it was my good fortune to meet for the first time the
+wife of the Hon. Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia, who was a native
+of Frederick and a daughter of Gideon Bantz. Her two older daughters,
+Hallie, the widow of U.S. Senator Stephen B. Elkins, and Kate, who
+subsequently became the wife of Robert M. G. Brown of the U.S. Navy,
+were boarding pupils at the same school; and Mrs. Davis frequently
+visited them while there. My daughters formed an intimate friendship
+with Mrs. Brown, whom at a later day we often welcomed as a guest in our
+Washington home. She has since passed "over the river," having survived
+her mother for only a few months, and her memory is hallowed in my
+family circle. Mrs. Elkins, the promising young girl of so many years
+ago, is widely known in Washington and elsewhere for her womanly tact,
+intelligence and fine presence. Grace, another of Mrs. Davis' daughters,
+is now Mrs. Arthur Lee of Washington, but was born after my earlier
+acquaintance with her mother in Frederick. Loved and admired, she
+resides in Washington surrounded by an exclusive coterie, and devotes
+much of her time and means to works of philanthropy.
+
+The prominent authoress, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Ellet, was repeatedly our
+guest while we were living in Frederick. A volume of her poems had
+appeared as early as 1835, and she subsequently published quite a number
+of books which were highly regarded. When she first came to visit us,
+her "Women of the American Revolution" had just appeared and her journey
+to Maryland was for the purpose of collecting data for a new work which
+later was published under the title of "The Court Circles of the
+Republic." Besides being a gifted writer, Mrs. Ellet had considerable
+histrionic ability, and I have now before me an old newspaper clipping
+containing an account of an entertainment given by me in her honor when
+she recited from "Pickwick Papers", "Widow Bedott" and "The Lost Heir."
+Another party at which music and recitations were a prominent feature
+was given to Mrs. Ellet in Frederick by Mrs. Charles E. Trail, a gifted
+woman who thoroughly appreciated intellectual accomplishments wherever
+found.
+
+My first acquaintance with the Hon. Joseph Holt, who at the time was
+Judge Advocate General of the Army, began in Frederick in 1869. He was a
+Kentuckian by birth and, after serving for a time as Postmaster General
+under President Buchanan, succeeded, in 1860, John B. Floyd of Virginia
+as Secretary of War. He made frequent visits to Frederick where he was
+always the guest of the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. George Diehl. He was a typical
+Kentuckian, over six feet tall, and in my opinion no one could have
+known him well without being impressed by his intellectual ability.
+After we returned to Washington to live, in 1873, Judge Holt was a
+constant visitor at our home and I frequently attended handsome
+entertainments given in his residence on Capitol Hill. Although I have
+been in society more or less all of my life, I can say without hesitancy
+that he more perfectly understood and practiced the art of
+entertaining--it certainly _is_ an art, and possessed by but few--than
+any other person I have ever known. His second wife, who was Miss
+Margaret Anderson Wickliffe of Kentucky, had died in 1860 and, as he had
+no children, he was living entirely alone.
+
+From my earliest acquaintance with Judge Holt I was deeply impressed by
+the cloud of sadness that seemed to envelop him, and I never learned
+until I had known him many years and really called him my friend that he
+was laboring under a deep sense of wrong and injustice. Without entering
+into exhaustive details, the main facts are substantially these: In 1865
+Mr. Holt was Judge Advocate General of the Army and as such was the
+prosecuting officer before the Military Commission convened by order of
+President Johnson for the trial of Mrs. Mary E. Surratt and others for
+complicity in the assassination of Lincoln. The findings and sentence of
+the Commission were accompanied by a recommendation signed by a majority
+of its members in which they "respectfully pray the President, in
+consideration of the sex and age of the said Mary E. Surratt, if he can,
+upon all the facts in the case, find it consistent with his sense of
+duty to the country, to commute the sentence of death, which the Court
+have been constrained to pronounce, to imprisonment in the penitentiary
+for life." This recommendation for executive clemency remained unknown
+to the public until it was incidentally referred to by the Hon. Edwards
+Pierrepont, counsel for the government in the trial of Mrs. Surratt's
+son in 1867. This was followed in subsequent years, and after Andrew
+Johnson had ceased to be President, by a controversy in which
+reflections were made upon the personal and official integrity of Judge
+Holt by the charge that he had never presented the recommendation for
+clemency to the President. The matter finally sifted itself down to a
+question of personal veracity between the ex-President and Judge Holt,
+in which the latter affirmed that "he drew the President's attention
+specially to the recommendation in favor of Mrs. Surratt, which he read
+and freely commented on"; and was contradicted by the ex-President in
+the assertion that "in acting upon her case no recommendation for a
+commutation of her punishment was mentioned or submitted to me."
+
+The enemies of Holt accordingly held him indirectly responsible for Mrs.
+Surratt's execution, and against such a charge he naturally rebelled
+until the day of his death. The most cruel feature of the whole affair,
+however, and the one which probably did more than anything else to
+sadden and becloud the remaining days of Judge Holt's life, was the
+personal disloyalty of an eminent citizen of his own State, who had been
+his intimate friend from youth. I refer to James Speed, Andrew Johnson's
+Attorney General. In 1883, after most of the prominent actors in the
+scene were dead and the animosities caused by the controversy were
+largely allayed--at a time, too, when Holt realized that he was growing
+old and recognized more keenly than ever the importance of leaving
+behind a final refutation of the calumnies that had been heaped upon
+him--he appealed to Speed, who, he believed he had reason to assume was
+in possession of the exact facts of the case; but all that could be
+wrung from him were evasive words to the effect that he saw the petition
+for clemency in the President's office, without intimating whether it
+was before or after Mrs. Surratt's execution, and that he did not "feel
+at liberty to speak of what was said at cabinet meetings." An exchange
+of letters followed between the two in which Speed excused himself for
+six months on the pleas of bereavement and press of business, and that
+he had lost his glasses, when he finally replied:--"After very mature
+and deliberate consideration, I have come to the conclusion that I
+cannot say more than I have said." It is no wonder, then, that Holt,
+driven to desperation by such treatment, wrote to Speed:--"Your
+forbearance towards Andrew Johnson, of whose dishonorable conduct you
+have been so well advised, is a great mystery to me. With the stench of
+his baseness in your nostrils you have been all tenderness for him,
+while for me ... you have been as implacable as fate."
+
+While spending the summer of 1888 in Princeton, Massachusetts, I read in
+the _North American Review_ for July of the same year the correspondence
+relating to the Surratt question between Holt and Speed in 1883. Knowing
+Judge Holt as I did, having firm faith in his version of the
+controversy, believing him to be a victim of gross injustice and
+realizing withal how keenly through all these years he had felt the
+sting of misrepresentation, I wrote him a lengthy letter. It was not
+long before I received his reply, and I copy it here, as I believe it
+casts an additional sidelight upon a subject which caused this brilliant
+and high-minded gentleman bitter suffering from which he never wholly
+recovered. I add several more letters written to me by him which are
+beautiful in expression but pathetic in character.
+
+     WASHINGTON, August 26th, 1888.
+
+     Mrs. M. Gouverneur,
+
+     My dear Madam:
+
+     Your kind letter of the 14th instant was quite a surprise,
+     but a very agreeable one I assure you. My reply has been
+     thus long delayed from an impression that it would probably
+     more certainly reach your hands if addressed to you at
+     Frederick.
+
+     I have read and re-read your letter with increasing
+     gratification and thankfulness. Truly am I grateful for the
+     friendly spirit that prompted you to make so thorough an
+     examination of the Speed correspondence as your _resume_ of
+     it discloses. That _resume_ is in every way admirable. It
+     has the clearness and logical force of a first-class
+     lawyer's brief. Indeed, I was on the point of asserting that
+     you have a good lawyer's head on your shoulders, but prefer
+     saying that you have a head which obeying the inspirations
+     of your heart enables you to discern and _appreciate_ the
+     truth and extricate it, as well, from the entanglements of
+     chicanery and fraud. Be assured, my dear Madam, that I shall
+     treasure up your letter fondly, at once as a consolation and
+     as a powerful support of the endeavors which I have been
+     making for years to rescue my name from the obloquy of an
+     accusation, than which nothing falser or fouler ever fell
+     from the lips of men or devils.
+
+     It was a severe shock for my faith in human nature when
+     General Speed--with whom I had maintained relations of
+     cordial friendship for some fifty years--suddenly allowed
+     himself to become a compliant coadjutor of Andrew Johnson in
+     his diabolical plot to destroy me. The _role_ of suppressing
+     the truth, which he voluntarily assumed for himself and in
+     which--without explanation or defense--he persisted down to
+     his grave, amounted fully to this and to nothing less. Yet
+     during all of that time he _knew_ me to be innocent, as well
+     as I myself knew and know it, and this he never denied.
+     Alas, Alas! what a masquerade is human life, and amid its
+     heady currents how rarely do we pause to think of the
+     possibilities that lurk under the disguise of its spotless
+     reputations!
+
+     I should be rejoiced to hear that the Summer has strewed
+     flowers and only flowers on the paths of your "outing," and
+     that you will be able to return to Washington glad of heart
+     and reinvigorated for the social duties in which you find
+     and bestow so much pleasure. For my own isolated and infirm
+     life home was thought to be the best place, and hence I have
+     remained here happily finding under my own roof a
+     contentment that has left me without envy of those whose
+     more fortunate feet have sought the seashore and the
+     mountain slopes. You yourself, however, acted wisely and
+     well in going away, since the world is still pressing to
+     _your_ lips the sparkling cups, which for my own are now but
+     a dim, receding memory.
+
+     I congratulate you on Miss Rose's approaching marriage which
+     you have been so good as to announce, and sincerely hope
+     that all the bright visions which the coming event must be
+     awakening will have an abounding fulfilment. The invitation
+     with which you have honored me is accepted with thanks, and
+     I shall attend the ceremony with the higher gratification,
+     realizing as I shall how closely your own happiness is bound
+     up with that of your daughter.[3]
+
+          Faithfully and gratefully your friend,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, Nov. 3d, 1888.
+
+     My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     I am in receipt of your very welcome letter of the 1st
+     instant and hasten to send the "Index" as requested. Hope it
+     may be of service in illustrating and supporting your
+     application. I shall preserve the Admiral's [Rear Admiral
+     Francis A. Roe, U.S.N.] emphatic words as a cherished
+     testimonial. The language of Mrs. Stanard is also very
+     grateful to me. Her favorable opinion is the more prized and
+     precious because she has known me so long and so well.
+
+     And now, my dear good friend, how can I sufficiently thank
+     you for your generous interest in this trouble of
+     mine--which has been a thorn in my life for so many
+     years--and for your surpassingly kind offices which have
+     been so effectively exercised in connection with it? Be
+     assured that while my poor words cannot adequately express
+     it, my heart will always throb with gratitude for the tokens
+     of good will with which you have so honored and gladdened
+     me.
+
+     I feel much complimented by so early a receipt of the
+     invitation to Miss Rose's wedding, and I shall have great
+     joy in being present.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          Faithfully yours,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, D.C., January 21st, 1891.
+
+     Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     I regret to be obliged to acknowledge the receipt of your
+     welcome letter by the hand of another, owing to the
+     condition of my eyes. For many weeks their inflammation has
+     prevented me from reading or writing, and I fear that this
+     condition will continue for a good while to come. So soon as
+     I am able to do so I will either write or have the pleasure
+     of calling on you. In the meanwhile believe me most grateful
+     for your letter which, however, has been but imperfectly
+     read. The darkened chambers of my life never had more need
+     than at present of the sunshine which your sympathizing
+     letters have always brought me.
+
+          Very sincerely yours,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, D.C., Jan. 26th, 1893.
+
+     Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:
+
+     Your last two letters have been received and I thank you
+     heartily for them. As tokens of your continued friendly
+     remembrance they are precious to me. I am much obliged for
+     the privilege of reading the letter of Mrs. Vance [Mrs.
+     Zebulon B. Vance], which is herewith returned. It is another
+     of the many indications I have had of the subtle and wide
+     spread circulation given to the Johnson-Speed calumny to
+     which you refer. It seems to me that the poison is beyond
+     the reach of any human antidote, and that I must look to God
+     alone for shelter from it. Your generous and effective good
+     offices in this matter, so deeply affecting my reputation
+     and happiness, have filled my heart with an enduring
+     gratitude.
+
+     Your unflagging solicitudes, too, for my poor waning life
+     have much added to that debt of gratitude, great as it was
+     and is. Let the good Lord be praised for ever and ever that
+     spirits such as yours have been born into the world.
+
+     I am obliged to address you in this brief and unsatisfactory
+     manner by the hand of another. After two years and a half of
+     continued treatment I have as yet received no relief
+     whatever, nor do the eminent physicians who have treated me
+     afford me any encouragement for the future. While the world
+     feasts, it is evident that _my_ lot is and must be _ashes_
+     for _bread_.
+
+     Hoping that you are drinking yourself freely from the
+     fountain of happiness you open for others, I remain
+
+          Very sincerely your friend,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     WASHINGTON, D.C., April 12, 1893.
+
+     My dear good friend:
+
+     I regret much to be obliged to communicate with you by the
+     hand of another, but my poor life seems to be fixed by fate
+     on the down grade, and at present there is no encouragement
+     to believe that the future has anything better in store for
+     me.
+
+     I send you a number of the North American Review containing
+     the correspondence to which you refer between General Speed
+     and myself. In it there is also a detached printed letter of
+     Colonel Brown which is important. And I must ask that both
+     this letter and the number of the Review be carefully
+     preserved and after their perusal by your friend be returned
+     to me, as I have no other copies and wish to preserve these.
+     I am sorry that the sad circumstances of my condition
+     prevent me from thanking you in person for your continued
+     interest in my reputation which has been so basely assailed,
+     but I trust as triumphantly vindicated.
+
+     I thank you sincerely for what you have said of Mrs. Kearny.
+     It would be a great gratification to me to have an interview
+     with her on the long, long ago, but this is a pleasure which
+     I now have no encouragement to promise myself.
+
+     Believe me most grateful for the repeated calls and
+     inquiries as to my health which you have been so good as to
+     make. Such calls are precious fountains of consolation that
+     will not go dry.
+
+          Very sincerely your friend,
+
+               J. HOLT.
+
+It has been asserted upon high authority that after the conviction and
+sentence of Mrs. Surratt her daughter Anna, as well as Catholic priests
+and prominent men in Washington, attempted to see the President in order
+to intercede for executive clemency in her behalf, but were denied
+admission by Preston King, Collector of the Port of New York and then a
+guest at the White House, and by U.S. Senator James Lane of Kansas. It
+has also been said that Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas succeeded in reaching
+the President by pushing herself past the guards, but her attempts in
+behalf of the condemned woman were fruitless.
+
+I knew Preston King very well and his political career interested me
+deeply. He was from St. Lawrence County, New York, and in my girlhood I
+often heard it asserted that the mantle of Silas Wright had fallen upon
+him. I saw much of him in 1849 when I was visiting the Scotts in
+Washington, and was particularly impressed by his exceptionally
+sensitive nature. General Scott once told me that at one period of his
+military career he was ordered to quell a disturbance between Canadians
+and Americans near Ogdensburg, the home of Mr. King, and that the latter
+was so seriously affected by the scenes he witnessed at that time that
+it was long before he recovered his normal condition of mind. During
+President Johnson's administration Mr. King, while Collector of the Port
+of New York, boarded a Jersey City ferry boat one morning, attached
+weights to his person and jumped into the river. When the news of his
+death reached me I was not surprised as I had seen evidences of his
+nervous temperament which might well result in acts indicative of an
+unbalanced mind. He was a man of big heart and exceptional ability, and
+in his death the State of New York lost one of her most gifted and
+distinguished sons.
+
+The Frederick County agricultural fairs, as far back as my memory of
+that quaint Maryland town goes, have always been a feature of special
+interest not only to the farmers of that productive region but also from
+a social point of view. In bygone days some of the most distinguished
+men of the nation made addresses at these "cattle shows," as they were
+called by the country folk. I recall the visit of President Grant on one
+of these occasions when he was the guest of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough.
+He was accompanied by General Sherman and made a brief address. The
+evening of the day these distinguished guests arrived Mrs. Goldsborough
+gave a dinner in their honor, which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. The
+entertainment was served in the style then prevalent among old Maryland
+families in that vicinity, the _pieces de resistance_ being chicken,
+fried to perfection, at one end of the table together with an old ham on
+the opposite end. To these were added "side trimmings," enough to almost
+bury the table under their weight. President Grant was then filling his
+first term as Chief Executive of the nation and, although Mr. Gouverneur
+had known him in Mexico, it was my first glimpse of the distinguished
+man. As a whole we were a merry party, but Grant was a reticent guest.
+General Sherman, however, as usual made up for all deficiencies in this
+line, and as he sat next to me I found him to be a highly agreeable
+conversationalist. This dinner party proved a great social success and
+at its conclusion a number of prominent citizens called to pay their
+respects to the guests of honor.
+
+The next year Horace Greeley was the orator of the day at the Frederick
+fair, and it fell to our lot to entertain him. He wrote the following
+letter to my husband:--
+
+     NEW YORK TRIBUNE, New York, Oct. 1, 1871.
+
+     Dear Sir:
+
+     I expect to be duly on hand to fulfil my engagement to speak
+     at your County Fair and to stop with you, if that shall be
+     agreeable to those who have invited me. Will you please see
+     Mr. C. H. Keefer who invites me and say to him that I am
+     subject to his order and, with his consent, I shall gladly
+     accept your invitation.
+
+          Yours,
+
+               HORACE GREELEY.
+
+     S. L. Gouverneur, Esq.,
+     Frederick, Maryland.
+
+As Mr. Greeley about this time was appearing upon the political horizon
+as a prospective presidential candidate, much interest was naturally
+centered in his visit. His appearance was decidedly interesting. He was
+of the blond type, past middle life and in dress anything but _a la
+mode_. I am no student of physiognomy, but if the question had been
+asked I should have said that his most prominent trait of character was
+benevolence. He wore during this memorable visit the characteristic
+white hat, miniature imitations of which during his presidential
+candidacy became a campaign badge. I am the fortunate possessor of two
+of these souvenirs. They are made of white metal and are attached to
+brown ribbons, the color of the latter standing for B. Gratz Brown, the
+candidate for Vice-President upon the Greeley ticket.
+
+This visit was the pleasing forerunner of a sincere friendship between
+my husband and Horace Greeley. In our intimate association of a few days
+we recognized as never before his conscientious purpose and intellectual
+power, and Mr. Gouverneur was so deeply impressed by his remarkable
+ability and sterling character that later in the same year he started a
+newspaper in Frederick, which he called _The Maryland Herald_, with a
+view of advocating his nomination for the Presidency. My husband had
+never before been especially interested in politics, but he now entered
+the political arena with all the enthusiasm of his intense nature, and,
+at a mass meeting in Frederick, was chosen a delegate to the National
+Liberal Republican Convention in Cincinnati, which resulted in the
+nomination of Greeley and Brown. Although this party was largely
+composed of Republicans who had become dissatisfied with the Grant
+administration, it will be remembered that its candidates were
+subsequently endorsed by the Democratic party at its convention in
+Baltimore, and that the fusion of such hitherto discordant political
+elements added exceptional interest to the subsequent campaign. The
+venerable Thomas Jefferson Randolph, grandson of the author of the
+Declaration of Independence, although he had reached the advanced age of
+eighty years, was chosen as the temporary chairman of the Baltimore
+Convention. The proceedings of the Cincinnati delegates were replete
+with interest and the enthusiasm was intense. During the uproarious
+demonstration in the convention hall, immediately following Greeley's
+nomination, Mr. Gouverneur's friend, John Cochrane of New York, of whom
+I have spoken elsewhere, in the excitement of the moment gave expression
+to his delight in an Indian war dance, and other usual scenes of boyish
+hilarity prevailed.
+
+My husband's paper had been the first of the Maryland press, and long
+before the Convention, to place the name of Greeley at the head of its
+columns, but others followed, and for a time the movement, both in that
+State and elsewhere, appeared to gain strength and to assume formidable
+proportions. Subsequent events, however, proved that it would have been
+better if the newborn babe had been strangled at its birth, as it was
+destined to enjoy but a brief and precarious existence. Although the
+movement commanded the support of the united Democracy and enlisted the
+active sympathies of able men from the Republican ranks--such as Carl
+Schurz, Whitelaw Reid, Charles A. Dana, Charles Francis Adams, Lyman
+Trumbull, David Davis, Andrew G. Curtin and many more--the voice of the
+people pronounced for Grant, and in the latter part of the same month
+that witnessed his defeat, poor Greeley died of a broken heart!
+
+Greeley's defeat was a severe blow to Mr. Gouverneur. As the member from
+Maryland of the national committee of the Liberal Republican Party, he
+had engaged in the contest with his characteristic ardor, and his
+strenuous but unsuccessful efforts had made inroads upon his health that
+he could but ill afford. Under the circumstances, a change of scene and
+employment seemed highly expedient, and we accordingly decided to break
+up our attractive home in Frederick and return to Washington, where so
+much of Mr. Gouverneur's life had been spent and where I, too, had so
+many pleasant associations. It was in the summer of 1873 that this plan
+was consummated, and we began our second Washington life in a house
+which we bought on Corcoran Street, near Fourteenth Street. It was one
+of a row of dwellings built as an investment by the late George W.
+Riggs, the distinguished banker, and was in a portion of the city which
+still abounded in vacant lots. Houses in our vicinity were so widely
+scattered that we had an almost uninterrupted view of that part of the
+District boundary which is now Florida Avenue. As these were the days of
+horse cars, it was my habit to stand in my vestibule and wait for a car,
+as I could see it approaching a long distance off, although we lived
+half a block from the route, which was on Fourteenth Street. The entire
+northwestern section of the city, which is now a semi-palatial region,
+was also, at that time, largely a sea of vacant lots. The only house on
+Dupont Circle was "Stewart Castle," and the fashionable part of the city
+was still that portion below Pennsylvania Avenue, bounded on the east by
+Seventeenth Street, although the general trend in the erection of fine
+residences was towards the northwest. Many of the streets were not
+paved, but the _regime_ of Alexander R. Shepherd, familiarly called
+"Boss Shepherd," changed all of this, and the work of grading commenced.
+It was a trying ordeal for property owners, as it left many houses high
+in the air and others below the customary grade, while many from the
+ranks of the poorer classes, unable to meet the necessary assessments,
+were forced to part with their homes. In the course of several years,
+however, the situation righted itself. Cellars were dug and English
+basements became prevalent, and it is only occasionally that one now
+sees a house far above the level of the street. We sometimes hear the
+praises of Mr. Shepherd sung, and without a doubt he made Washington
+the beautiful city it is to-day, but he accomplished it only at a
+tremendous cost--the sacrifice of many homes. Next followed the paving
+of the streets with wooden blocks; and I was much surprised when they
+were being laid on Fourteenth Street, as I recalled the time during my
+earlier days in New York when they were used in paving Broadway, and I
+also well remember how speedily they degenerated and decayed. I was
+told, however, that this form of block was an improvement upon the old
+style, and was induced to believe it until I saw Fourteenth Street and
+Pennsylvania Avenue masses of holes and ruts!
+
+After we were fairly settled in our new home I made the pleasing
+discovery that my next door neighbors were our old acquaintances, Mr.
+and Mrs. Edmund Pendleton Gaines. Mrs. Gaines was Frances Hogan, a
+former neighbor of ours in Houston Street in New York. William Hogan,
+her aged father, was living with her, and their close proximity recalled
+many early memories. He was a gentleman of broad culture and a
+proficient linguist, and at an early age had accompanied his father to
+the Cape of Good Hope. He formed an intimacy with Lord Byron at Harrow,
+where he received the early portion of his education. Byron was not then
+a student but was occupying a small room at Harrow, which he called his
+"den." Another of Mr. Hogan's daughters, who is still living, wrote me
+that at this time Lord Byron was a young man and her father a little
+boy. She says: "Lord Byron often admitted my father to his room, when he
+would make him repeat stories of his African life and describe the
+occasional appearance of an orang-outang walking through the streets of
+Cape Town." After his father's return to New York, Mr. Hogan attended
+Columbia College, from which he was graduated in 1811, and afterwards
+studied law. He subsequently purchased land in the Black River country
+and did much to develop that portion of his native State. The town of
+Hogansburg in Franklin County was named after him. He became a county
+judge and member of Congress and later resided in Washington, where he
+was employed in the Department of State, first as an examiner of claims
+and then as an official interpreter.
+
+A short distance from our home and on the same street lived Dr. and Mrs.
+Alexander Sharp with their large and interesting family of children, one
+of whom, bearing the same name as his father, recently died in
+Washington while a Captain in the Navy. Dr. Sharp's wife was a younger
+sister of Mrs. U. S. Grant, and her husband was ably filling at the time
+the position of U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia. A few doors
+from Mrs. Sharp's lived her sister-in-law, the widow of Louis Dent; and
+in the same block, but nearer Thirteenth Street, were the residences of
+two agreeable Army families, Colonel and Mrs. Almon F. Rockwell and
+Colonel and Mrs. Asa Bacon Carey, the latter of whom was the niece of
+the late Senator Redfield Proctor of Vermont. I formed a pleasant
+friendship almost immediately with Mrs. Sharp and was always received
+with much cordiality in her home. Corcoran Street, in fact, from a
+social point of view, proved to be an ideal locality until its
+tranquillity was disturbed by the advent of Mr. ---- and family, the
+former of whom was the Washington representative of a prominent New York
+daily paper whose columns had been strongly denunciatory of Grant and
+antagonistic to his election, while they abounded in praises of Greeley.
+Both Mr. and Mrs. ----were persons of much culture, but they were
+unfortunate in their selection of a home, as the personal and political
+sentiment of the neighborhood was friendly to Grant, while his family
+connections, the Dents and Sharps, residing in that part of the city,
+were deservedly popular. My own position was one of much delicacy.
+Although I was especially fond of Mrs. Dent and Mrs. Sharp, I could not,
+in view of Mr. Gouverneur's active interest in the Greeley campaign, be
+quite so enthusiastic over the Grant administration as were most of my
+neighbors, and, therefore, when I was invited by a mutual friend to call
+upon Mrs. ----I had no hesitation in doing so. I was taken to task for
+my act, however, by some of my friends, but I survived the rebuke and am
+still alive to tell the tale. I was told that, several months after the
+family just referred to was established in its Corcoran Street home,
+Mrs. ----was returning unaccompanied to her residence one evening, when
+a colored man, carrying a bucket of mud in one hand and a brush in the
+other, ran after her and besmeared her clothing; but the Dents and
+Grants were not of the class of people to approve of such a ruffianly
+act, nor were any of the other decent residents in the community. If
+Mrs. Sharp ever had any feeling in connection with my calling upon Mrs.
+----, I never knew of it. Our relations were of the most cordial
+character from the first, and when her niece, Nellie Grant, was married
+to Algernon Sartoris she brought me a box of wedding cake, coupling with
+it the remark that she knew of no one more entitled to it than
+I--referring, I presume, to the associations connecting the Gouverneur
+family with the White House. After the close of the Grant
+administration, Dr. Sharp was appointed a paymaster in the Army and for
+many years resided with his family in Yankton, Dakota. I remained in
+touch with Mrs. Sharp, however, and for a long period we kept up an
+active correspondence.
+
+At this period Vice-Presidents were not so much _en evidence_ as later,
+and Vice-President and Mrs. Schuyler Colfax lived quietly in Washington
+and mingled but little in the social world. During his life at the
+Capital, Mr. Colfax repeatedly delivered his eloquent oration on
+Lincoln, which concluded with the lines of N. P. Willis on the death of
+President William Henry Harrison:--
+
+    Let us weep in our darkness, but weep not for him--
+    Not for him who, departing, leaves millions in tears,
+    Not for him who has died full of honor and years,
+    Not for him who ascended Fame's ladder so high,
+    From the round at the top he has stepped to the sky.
+
+Directly back of us on Q Street lived an old and intimate friend of
+mine, Mrs. Septimia Randolph Meikleham, the last surviving grandchild of
+Thomas Jefferson. She was the widow of Dr. David Scott Meikleham of
+Glasgow, who was a relative of Sir Walter Scott and died in early life
+in New York. Mrs. Meikleham was the seventh daughter (hence her name
+"Septimia," suggested by her grandfather) of Governor Thomas Mann
+Randolph of Virginia and his wife Martha, the younger daughter of Thomas
+Jefferson. She was born at Monticello and was familiarly known to her
+intimate friends as "Tim," a name in surprising contrast with her
+elegance and dignity. She bore a striking resemblance to her
+grandfather, and, although a woman of commanding presence, was simple
+and unaffected in manner. Strong in her convictions, attractive in
+conversation and loyal in her friendships, she and her home were sources
+of great delight to me, and it was pleasing to both of us that her
+children and mine should have been brought into intimate contact. Mrs.
+Meikleham and I often dwelt upon this family intimacy extending unbroken
+from Jefferson and Monroe down to the fourth generation. In the same
+block with Mrs. Meikleham lived Mr. and Mrs. John W. Douglas, the former
+of whom, some years later, during the Harrison administration, was one
+of the District Commissioners. A daughter of his is the wife of Henry B.
+F. Macfarland, the late Senior Commissioner of the District, who, as
+well as his wife, is universally respected and beloved in Washington. On
+the same street, but on the other side of Fourteenth Street, Colonel and
+Mrs. Robert N. Scott resided for many years; while just around the
+corner, on Iowa Circle, in what was then a palatial home, lived Allan
+McLane and his only child, Anne, who married from this house John
+Cropper of New York. She is now a widow but lives in Washington, where
+she is greatly beloved. In this same general region, on the corner of N
+and Fourteenth Street, lived Lieutenant Commander (now Rear Admiral) and
+Mrs. Francis J. Higginson, and the latter's attractive sister, Miss Mary
+Haldane.
+
+Not far from our dwelling on Corcoran Street lived the attractive wife
+of _Monsieur_ Grimaud de Caux, _Chancelier_ of the French legation, who
+left unfading memories behind her. During our many delightful chats I
+was much interested in the accounts of her early life and experiences in
+Ireland, and I especially recall many things she told me concerning the
+members of the Wilde family, with whom she had been quite intimately
+associated. I learned from her that Oscar Wilde inherited his aesthetic
+tastes largely from his mother. She was a woman of unusual type and
+habitually dressed in white--at a time, too, before white garments had
+become so generally prevalent. I was also told that Oscar Wilde's father
+was an oculist of some prominence, and that he built a mansion so
+singular in its construction that the wits of Dublin called it "Wilde's
+eye-sore."
+
+Another of my intimate friends of those days was Mrs. Mary Donelson
+Wilcox, widow of the Hon. John A. Wilcox, formerly Secretary of the U.S.
+Senate, a Member of Congress and a veteran of the Mexican War. She was a
+woman of rare intellectual ability, and subsequent to her husband's
+death was for a time one of the official translators of the government.
+She was the daughter of Colonel Andrew Jackson Donelson, a nephew of
+President Jackson as well as his adopted son and private secretary.
+General Jackson when President was a widower, and it was while Mrs.
+Donelson was presiding as mistress of the White House that Mrs. Wilcox
+was born. Her memory remained clear until her last illness, and her
+recollections of prominent men and events, extending back to her
+childhood, and especially those of her early life at the White House,
+were of exceptional interest. I was especially amused by her account of
+the prompt manner in which General Jackson sent her mother back to
+Tennessee because she refused to accord social recognition to the wife
+of General John H. Eaton, his Secretary of War. As is well known, this
+was "Peggy O'Neal" who, before her marriage to Eaton, was the widow of
+Purser John B. Timberlake of our Navy, who committed suicide while
+serving in the Mediterranean. The relation which she sustained to the
+disruption of Jackson's cabinet has passed into history and is too well
+known to bear repetition here. As Colonel Donelson shared the views of
+his wife, he resigned his position as the President's private secretary
+and returned with her to Tennessee. He was succeeded by Nicholas P.
+Trist of the State Department, but a few months later, through the
+kindly offices of personal friends, they were both restored to Jackson's
+favor and resumed their former functions in the White House.
+
+Just across the street from our home lived Mr. and Mrs. Bernard P.
+Mimmack and the latter's mother, Mrs. Mary Bailey Collins, widow of
+Captain Charles Oliver Collins of the U.S. Army, and a typical
+representative of the New York gentlewomen of former days. She was one
+of the Bailey family, which was much identified with the history of New
+York, and she and her daughter, Mrs. Mimmack, were valuable additions to
+our community. Of Mr. Mimmack, only recently deceased, I can speak only
+in terms of the warmest praise. He was a true friend to me and many
+times during my widowhood placed his ripe judgment and wide experience
+at my command.
+
+As I first remember Professor and Mrs. Joseph Henry, they were living
+with their three daughters in a portion of the Smithsonian Institution.
+He was a man whose public career and private life commanded universal
+respect, while his scientific discoveries, both at Princeton College and
+at the National Capital, marked him as one of the most distinguished men
+of his day. I am not qualified to pronounce upon his scholarly
+attainments nor upon the estimate in which he is held by the learned
+world of to-day, but it may be assumed that the eulogistic words of the
+late Professor Simon Newcomb, himself a scientific giant, represent the
+truth. "Professor Joseph Henry, first secretary of the Smithsonian
+Institution," he wrote, "was a man of whom it may be said, without any
+reflection on men of our generation, that he held a place which has
+never been filled. I do not mean his official place, but his position as
+the recognized leader and exponent of scientific interests at the
+National Capital. A world-wide reputation as a scientific investigator,
+exalted character and inspiring presence, broad views of men and things,
+the love and esteem of all, combined to make him the man to whom all who
+knew him looked for counsel and guidance in matters affecting the
+interests of science. Whether anyone could since have assumed this
+position, I will not venture to say; but the fact seems to be that no
+one has been at the same time able and willing to assume it."
+
+The society circle in Washington in 1873 was small compared with that of
+to-day. There was much less form and ceremony, fewer social cliques and
+a greater degree of affability. The "Old Washingtonians" were more _en
+evidence_ than now and the political element came and went without
+disturbing in any marked degree the harmony of the social atmosphere.
+There were, however, many in public life whose families were cordially
+received into the most exclusive circles of Washington society and
+enriched it by their presence. Mrs. Hamilton Fish held social sway by
+the innate force of character and general attractiveness with which
+nature had so lavishly endowed her. Mrs. James G. Blaine, whose husband
+was in Congress when I first knew them, shared in his popularity. Mrs.
+George M. Robeson, wife of Grant's Secretary of the Navy, lived on K
+Street and kept open house. The Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs.
+William A. Richardson, who lived in the old Hill house on H Street, were
+well known and very popular. Francis Kernan, the junior Senator from New
+York, with his wife and daughter, was seen everywhere. Thomas Kernan,
+their son, who eventually became a Roman Catholic priest, was a great
+dancer and a general favorite. Roscoe Conkling, the senior Senator from
+New York, was socially disposed, but his wife, who was a sister of
+Horatio Seymour, although well fitted for social life, took but little
+part in it. She was a pronounced blond, wore her hair in many ringlets
+and was _petite_ in figure. Senator and Mrs. Henry L. Dawes and their
+intellectual daughter, Miss Anna, were highly esteemed by
+Washingtonians. General Ambrose B. Burnside, Senator from Rhode Island
+and a widower, lived on H Street, where he lavishly entertained his
+friends. Senator Joseph R. Hawley and wife of Connecticut and the
+latter's bright sister, Miss Kate Foote, resided in the Capitol Hill
+neighborhood; while Senator Henry B. Anthony, also of Rhode Island and a
+widower, was famous for his grasshopper turkeys, with which he liberally
+supplied his guests at his home on the southwest corner of H and
+Fourteenth Streets. This was the period when William E. Chandler was
+beginning his prominent and successful political career. He lived with
+his first wife and interesting family of boys on Fourteenth Street below
+G Street.
+
+The social leader in Washington in 1873 was Mrs. Frances Lawrence
+Ricketts, whose husband, General James B. Ricketts, U.S.A., had served
+his country during the Civil War and on account of disabilities was
+awarded a handsome pension. They lived on G Street between Eighteenth
+and Nineteenth Streets and her Friday afternoons were festive
+occasions. Mrs. Ricketts was no mean philanthropist in her way and a
+certain wag once wrote--
+
+    Here comes Mrs. Ricketts
+    With a pocketful of tickets.
+
+The doggerel had a basis in fact as she frequently appeared in public
+with tickets to sell for the benefit of some charitable object; and she
+sold them, too, as but few had the courage to refuse her. She was an
+exceedingly fine looking woman with a cordial manner and graceful
+bearing. Mrs. Julia A. K. Lawrence, her mother, the widow of John Tharp
+Lawrence, originally of the Island of Jamaica, lived with her, was quite
+as fond of society as the daughter, and, although advanced in years,
+seemed to have more friends and admirers than any woman I have ever
+known.
+
+One day by chance I met her in the drawing-room of a mutual friend, Mrs.
+Sallie Maynadier, where she shocked us by fainting. One of my daughters
+wrote her a note of sympathetic inquiry and received in reply the
+following answer. I regarded it as a somewhat remarkable note as its
+writer was then approaching her ninetieth birthday.
+
+     Pray accept my grateful thanks, my dear Miss Gouverneur, for
+     your kind attention in writing me such a lovely note. I wish
+     I had known you brought it. I would have been so much
+     pleased to see you in my room, which I could not leave
+     yesterday though very much better. I think the fainting was
+     from the heat of Mrs. Maynadier's parlour and the agitation
+     of the previous day, at the prospect of parting with my very
+     dear friends in the delicate state of dear Kate Eveleth's
+     health! I hope to hear to-day how she bore the journey, the
+     beautiful day very much in her favor! I can not close this
+     note without expressing my sincere wish that your mamma and
+     yourself will be so kind as to come and see me during the
+     winter. I know that Mrs. Gouverneur does not "pay visits"
+     but as I can no longer have the pleasure of meeting you at
+     our dear friend's I hope she will make an exception in favor
+     of such an old woman as myself, one too who has known and
+     loved so many of your father's family for generations,
+     dating back to President Monroe's family, when I was a child
+     in England and used to play often with your grandmamma
+     [Maria Hester Monroe]. Can you believe that a vivid memory
+     can turn back so many years? Ask your mamma to favour me and
+     come yourself to see
+
+          Yours very truly,
+
+               JULIA LAWRENCE.
+
+     1829 G Street,
+     Tuesday morning.
+
+An old family friend of Mrs. Lawrence and her daughter, the late Dr.
+Basil Norris, U.S.A., a native of Frederick, resided in the Ricketts
+home, and I am certain that his memory is still revered in the District.
+When Mrs. Ricketts, upon her husband's death, broke up her Washington
+home, Dr. Norris went to San Francisco to reside. A daughter of mine on
+her way to join her husband in Honolulu was taken seriously ill in that
+city and was attended by him with consummate skill. He was then on the
+retired list of the Army, but had a large and fashionable practice in
+his newly adopted home.
+
+In connection with Mrs. Lawrence my memory brings vividly before me my
+old and valued friends, Mrs. Maynadier, widow of General William
+Maynadier of the Ordnance Department of the Army, and her witty sister,
+Kate Eveleth. To render acts of kindness seemed their natural avocation,
+and I never think of them without recalling Sir Walter Scott's
+description of a ministering angel. I have heard Mrs. Maynadier say that
+at the time of her marriage her husband, then a young officer, was
+receiving a salary of only six hundred dollars; and yet she reared a
+large circle of children, her daughters marrying into prominent families
+and her sons becoming professionally well known. Their father was Aide
+to General Scott in the Black Hawk War and performed similar duty under
+General Alexander Macomb. Their mother lived to see the fourth
+generation of her descendants, many of whom still reside in the
+District.
+
+When I returned to Washington, I found the old Decatur house facing
+Lafayette Square owned and occupied by General and Mrs. Edward F. Beale,
+who had recently returned from a long residence in California. Mr.
+Gouverneur had known the General--"Ned" Beale, as he was usually
+called--in other days and I soon derived much pleasure from Mrs. Beale's
+acquaintance. She was a woman of the most aristocratic bearing and was
+especially qualified to meet the exacting requirements of the most
+exclusive society. The household was rendered additionally brilliant by
+her two daughters, both of whom were then unmarried. The sparkling
+vivacity of the elder, Miss Mary Beale, who subsequently became Madame
+Bakhmeteff of Russia, is easily recalled; while her sister, now Mrs.
+John R. McLean, is so well known in Washington and elsewhere as to
+render quite superfluous any attempt to describe her many charming
+qualities. Their home was a social rendezvous, and I especially recall
+an entertainment I attended there when I met many social celebrities.
+General Beale had collected numerous relics of early California which
+seemed peculiarly adapted to the historic mansion, and these objects of
+interest, together with the highly polished floors, the many and
+brilliant lights and the large assemblage of society folk in their "best
+bibs and tuckers," presented a scene which is not readily effaced from
+one's memory. Among others I met that evening were General Ambrose E.
+Burnside, whom I had known as a cadet at West Point, and my old friend,
+Captain (afterwards General) Richard Tyldin Auchmuty of New York, who
+since I had last seen him had passed through the Civil War. This
+reception was given in honor of the then young but gifted tragedian,
+John E. McCullough, with whom the Beale family had formed a friendship
+in the far west.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[3] My youngest daughter, Rose de Chine Gouverneur, and Chaplain Roswell
+Randall Hoes, U.S.N., were married in Washington on the 5th of December,
+1888.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+TO THE PRESENT DAY
+
+
+Shortly after our return to Washington we received an invitation to a
+party at the house of Mr. and Mrs. William A. Richardson, the former
+Secretary of the Treasury in Grant's cabinet. In my busy life I have
+never seemed inclined to devote much time to the shifts and vagaries of
+fashionable attire. Although as a woman I cannot say that I have been
+wholly averse to array myself in attractive garments, they were always
+matters of secondary consideration with me and have yet to cause me a
+sleepless night. My indifference now confronted me, however, with the
+query as to what I should wear upon this particular occasion, and I was
+compelled, as merchants say, "to take account of stock," especially as
+my invitation reached me at too late a day to have a new gown made.
+Although while living in Frederick I did pretty much as I pleased in
+regard to dress, I realized that in Washington, willing or unwilling, I
+might be compelled to do, to a certain extent, what other people
+pleased; but such demands have their reasonable limits, and I therefore
+determined to ignore the dictates of fashionable sentiment and practice
+a little originality on my own account. I accordingly decided to wear a
+handsome and elaborate dress of a fashion of at least a generation
+before--a light, blue silk with its many flounces embroidered in straw
+in imitation of sheaves of wheat. In former years I had worn with this
+gown black velvet gloves which were laced at the side--a Parisian fancy
+of the day, a pattern of which had been sent me by Mrs. Schuyler
+Hamilton. These also I concluded to wear with the antiquated dress; and
+thus arrayed I attended the party and had a thoroughly good time,
+supposing, as a matter of course, that the incident was closed. The _New
+York Graphic_, however, seemed to think otherwise and dragged me into
+its columns in an article which was subsequently copied into other
+papers. Although at first I felt somewhat chagrined, upon further
+consideration I was inclined to be pleased, at least with that part of
+the narrative that made a passing allusion to my attire. This is what
+the _Graphic_ said:--
+
+     Among the ladies frequently seen in society this winter is
+     Mrs. Marian Campbell Gouverneur, daughter of the late James
+     Campbell of New York and the wife of Samuel L. Gouverneur,
+     the only surviving grandson of ex-President James Monroe.
+     Mrs. Gouverneur is an elegant lady of pleasing manners,
+     sparkling vivacity and possesses a fund of humor and a mind
+     stored with a variety of charming information. She has
+     traveled a great deal and seen much of the fashionable
+     world. Mr. Gouverneur's mother was married in the White
+     House and--think of it!--on a Spread Eagle--that is to say,
+     on the carpet of which that very elastic bird made the
+     central figure. Suppose Miss Nellie Grant, of whose
+     engagement rumor outside of Washington talks so loud and
+     this city appears to know nothing, should take it into her
+     head to be married on a Spread Eagle, would not the other
+     Eagle, the public, stretch its wings and utter a prolonged
+     shriek? Now I ask you candidly, have we retrograded in
+     matters of taste or become less loyal to the true spirit of
+     our Republican institutions? Mrs. Gouverneur has the most
+     wonderful collection of American and Asiatic antiques. She
+     favors antique styles, even in matters of the toilet, and at
+     a party last week had her dress looped with the ornaments
+     which formed part of Mr. Monroe's court dress when Minister
+     to France. She also wore black velvet mittens of that date.
+
+While my sister, Mrs. Eames, was residing in Paris with her son and
+daughter, her home on the corner of H and Fourteenth Streets was
+occupied by Ward Hunt and his wife of Utica. Judge Hunt had recently
+been appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court, and I immediately renewed
+my associations of former days with his family. Next door to the Hunts
+lived Mr. and Mrs. Titian J. Coffey, the former of whom had accompanied
+ex-Governor Andrew G. Curtin of Pennsylvania upon his mission to Russia;
+and the adjoining residence, the old "Hill house," was the home of Mr.
+and Mrs. James C. Kennedy, the latter of whom was Miss Julia Rathbone of
+Albany. Their hospitality was lavish until the death of Mr. Kennedy,
+when his widow returned to Albany where a few years later she married
+Bishop Thomas Alfred Starkey of New Jersey. Mrs. Robert Shaw Oliver,
+wife of the present efficient Assistant Secretary of War, is her niece.
+
+After Mrs. Kennedy left Washington, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Elkin Neil of
+Columbus, Ohio, with their daughter, Mrs. William Wilberforce Williams,
+lived in the "Hill house." They were people of large means and
+entertained on an extensive scale. Mrs. Neil belonged to the Sullivant
+family of Ohio whose women were remarkable for their beauty. The wife of
+William Dennison, one of the District Commissioners, was Mr. Neil's
+sister and her daughter, Miss Jenny Dennison, was one of the belles of
+the Hayes administration. There were so many representatives of the
+"Buckeye State" at that time in Washington that someone facetiously
+spoke of the city as the "United States of Ohio." Mr. and Mrs. Matthew
+W. Galt, parents of Mrs. Reginald Fendall, lived in the next house in
+the H Street block, while adjoining them resided Colonel and Mrs. James
+G. Berret. I knew Colonel Berret very well. Nature had been very lavish
+in her gifts to him, as he was the fortunate possessor of intelligence,
+sagacity and fine personal appearance. It was his frequent boast,
+however, that through force of circumstances he had received but "three
+months' schooling," but he took advantage of his subsequent
+opportunities and became an efficient mayor and postmaster of the City
+of Washington, while a prince might well have envied him his dignified
+and imposing address. He sold his attractive home to Justice William
+Strong of the U.S. Supreme Court, who with his family resided in it for
+many years and then moved into a house on I Street, near Fifteenth
+Street, which in late years has been remodeled and is now the spacious
+residence of Mr. Charles Henry Butler.
+
+Directly across the street and in the middle of the block, between
+Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets, lived Colonel and Mrs. John F. Lee.
+This is a house which I link with many pleasing associations. Mrs. Lee,
+whom I knew as Ellen Ann Hill, was a member of one of Washington's
+oldest families and with her husband had a country home in Prince George
+County in Maryland. She was a deeply religious woman and one of the
+saints upon earth. She gave me _carte blanche_ to drop in for an
+informal supper on Sunday evenings--a privilege of which I occasionally
+availed myself. Colonel Lee was a Virginian by birth and a graduate of
+West Point, but at the beginning of the Civil War resigned his
+commission. His brother, Samuel Phillips Lee, however, who was then a
+Commander in the Navy, remained in the service and eventually became a
+Rear Admiral. Although differing so widely in their political views, the
+two brothers were respected and beloved by their associates, and never
+allowed their opinions upon matters of state to interfere with their
+fraternal affection. The only daughter of Colonel Lee, Mrs. Henry
+Harrison, usually spends her winters in Washington.
+
+Next door to the Lees on the east lived Senator and Mrs. Zachariah
+Chandler, the parents of Mrs. Eugene Hale; while still further down the
+street was the residence of Doctor William P. Johnston, a favorite
+physician of long standing and father of Mr. James M. Johnston and Miss
+Mary B. Johnston, the latter of whom is President of the Society of Old
+Washingtonians of which I enjoy the honor of being a member. It is at
+her home on Rhode Island Avenue that the privileged few who are members
+of this exclusive organization meet once each month to listen to papers
+read on topics relating to earlier Washington and to discuss persons and
+events connected with its history. The insignia of the society is an
+orange ribbon bearing the words inscribed in black: "Should auld
+acquaintance be forgot?" A prominent member of this organization is Mrs.
+Anna Harris Eastman, widow of Commander Thomas Henderson Eastman,
+U.S.N., and daughter of the beloved physician, the late Medical Director
+Charles Duval Maxwell, U.S.N.
+
+In the opinion of many old Washingtonians no history of the District of
+Columbia would be complete without some mention of The Highlands, the
+home of the Nourse family. In years gone by I remember that this
+ivy-covered stone house was deemed inaccessible, as it was reached only
+by private conveyance or stage coach. The first time I crossed its
+threshold I could have readily imagined myself living in the colonial
+period, as the furniture was entirely of that time. When I first knew
+Mrs. Nourse, who was Miss Rebecca Morris of Philadelphia, the widow of
+Charles Josephus Nourse, she was advanced in life, but notwithstanding
+the infirmities of age, she had just acquired the art of china painting,
+and was filling orders the proceeds of which she gave in aid of St.
+Alban's which was then a country parish. I frequently passed a day at
+this ancestral home, and I especially recall seeing a wonderful
+Elizabethan clock in the hallway which I am told is still, in defiance
+of time, striking the hours in the home of a descendant. Near The
+Highlands is Rosedale, occupied for many years by the descendants of
+General Uriah Forrest, who built it subsequent to 1782. He was the
+intimate friend of General Washington, and its present occupant, Mrs.
+Louisa Key Norton, daughter of John Green and widow of John Hatley
+Norton of Richmond, is my authority for the statement that one day after
+dining with her grandfather, General Forrest, Washington walked out upon
+the portico and, lost in admiration of the beautiful view, exclaimed:
+"There is the site of the Federal City." Mrs. Norton's sister, Miss
+Alice Green, married Prince Angelo de Yturbide, and it was their son,
+Prince Augustine de Yturbide, who was adopted by the Emperor Maximilian.
+
+One of the pleasing local features connected with the Grant
+administration, which at the time made no special impression upon me,
+was the fact that there were then but few, if any, social cliques in
+Washington, and that society-going people constituted practically one
+large family. A stranger coming to the Capital at that time and properly
+introduced was much more cordially received than now. Such, for example,
+was the condition of affairs when Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Jeffrey came to
+Washington to spend a winter. They rented the old Pleasanton house on
+Twenty-first Street below F Street and entertained with true Southern
+hospitality. The Jeffrey family was of Scotch extraction and Mrs.
+Jeffrey was Miss Rosa Vertner of Kentucky, where she was favorably known
+as a poetess. The first wife of Alexander Jeffrey was Miss Delia W.
+Granger, a sister of my old and valued friend, Mrs. Sanders Irving. As
+soon as they were settled in their home, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey gave a
+large evening entertainment which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. We much
+enjoyed meeting there a number of Kentuckians temporarily residing in
+Washington--among others, Mrs. John Key of Georgetown and her sister,
+Mrs. Hamilton Smith; Mrs. William E. Dudley; and Wickliffe Preston and
+his sister, a decided blonde who wore a becoming green silk gown. Madame
+Le Vert and her daughter, Octavia Walton Le Vert, were also there and
+it is with genuine pleasure I recall the unusual vivacity of the former.
+This gifted woman was a pronounced belle from Alabama and had passed
+much of her life in Italy, where she had much association with the
+Brownings. During her absence abroad the ravages of our Civil War made
+serious inroads upon her financial circumstances, and when she visited
+Washington at the period of which I am speaking she gave a series of
+lectures upon Mr. and Mrs. Robert Browning in Willard's Hall on F
+Street. They received the endorsement of fashionable society and, at the
+conclusion of her last appearance, Albert Pike, the later apostle of
+Freemasonry, offered as an additional attraction a short discourse upon
+his favorite theme. Madame Le Vert's maiden name was Octavia Walton, and
+she was the granddaughter of George Walton, one of the Signers from
+Georgia, and the daughter of George Walton, the Territorial Governor of
+Florida. In 1836 she married Dr. Henry S. Le Vert, son of the
+fleet-surgeon of the Count de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Va. In 1858 her
+"Souvenirs of Travel" appeared, and later she wrote "Souvenirs of
+Distinguished People" and "Souvenirs of the War," but, for personal
+reasons, neither of the two was ever published.
+
+My first acquaintance with George Bancroft, the historian, dates back to
+the year 1845, when he came from New England to deliver a course of
+lectures and was the guest of my father in New York. One of the evenings
+he spent with us stands out in bold relief. He was a man of musical
+tastes, and Justine Bibby Onderdonk, a friend of mine and a daughter of
+Gouverneur S. Bibby, who only a few days before had made a runaway match
+with Henry M. Onderdonk, the son of Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk of New
+York, happened to be our guest at the same time. Her musical ability was
+of the highest order and she delighted Mr. Bancroft by singing some of
+his favorite selections. Later, when he was Secretary of the Navy
+during the Polk administration, I saw Mr. Bancroft very frequently. I
+am not aware whether it is generally known that he began his political
+life in Massachusetts as a Whig. When I first knew him, however, he was
+a Democrat and the change in his political creed placed him in an
+unfavorable light in his State, most of whose citizens were well nigh as
+intolerant of Democrats as their ancestors had been of witches in early
+colonial days.
+
+Upon my return to Washington I soon renewed my acquaintance with Mr. and
+Mrs. Bancroft, and the entertainments I attended in their home on H
+Street, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets, revived pleasant
+recollections of Mrs. Clement C. Hill, whose house they purchased and of
+whose social leadership I have already spoken. Mr. Bancroft at this time
+was well advanced in years, and in referring to his age I have often
+heard him say: "I came in with the century." In spite of the fact,
+however, that he had exceeded the years usually allotted to man, he
+could be seen nearly every day in the saddle with Herrman Bratz, his
+devoted German attendant, riding at a respectful distance in the rear. I
+may add, by the way, that a few doors from the Bancrofts lived Dr.
+George Clymer of the Navy with his wife and venerable mother-in-law, the
+latter of whom was the widow of Commodore William B. Shubrick, U.S.N.
+
+Colonel Alexander Bliss, Mrs. Bancroft's son and familiarly known to
+Washingtonians as "Sandy" Bliss, lived just around the corner from his
+mother's. His wife was the daughter of William T. Albert, of Baltimore,
+but when I knew him best he was a widower. A few doors from Colonel
+Bliss lived Senator Matthew H. Carpenter, a political power of the first
+magnitude during President Grant's second presidential term, whose
+daughter Lilian was a reigning belle. Equestrian exercise was not then
+quite so popular in Washington as later, but it had its devotees, among
+whom was Colonel Joseph C. Audenreid, U.S.A., an unusually handsome man
+with a decidedly military bearing. He was generally accompanied by his
+daughter Florence, then a child, and was often to be seen riding out
+Fourteenth Street towards the Soldiers' Home, which was then the
+fashionable drive.
+
+John L. Cadwalader, a cousin of Mr. Gouverneur and now one of the most
+prominent members of the New York bar, was Assistant Secretary of State
+under Hamilton Fish during the Grant _regime_. He was a bachelor and was
+accompanied to Washington by his two sisters, both of whom lived with
+him in a fine residence on the corner of L Street and Connecticut
+Avenue, which has since been torn down to make way for a large apartment
+house. It was while the Cadwaladers were occupying this residence that I
+first made the acquaintance of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Miss Mary
+Cadwalader brought him to see us in our Corcoran Street home and during
+the visit announced her engagement to him. He was then the highly
+eminent physician alone, as he had not yet entered the arena of fiction
+and poetry in which he has since attained such wide-spread distinction.
+It gives me pleasure to add that he suggested to me, while I was
+visiting in Philadelphia many years later, that I should write these
+reminiscences.
+
+All of the large balls and parties of this date, including the
+bachelors' germans, which I frequently attended, were given at Lewis G.
+Marini's on the south side of E Street, near Ninth Street. Marini was an
+Italian and the dancing master of the day. Twice a week he went to
+Annapolis to teach the midshipmen, who, when subsequently ordered to
+duty in Washington, became very acceptable beaux, as they danced the
+same step that their master had taught his pupils here. The bachelors'
+germans were organized among others by Robert F. Stockton, Hamilton
+Fish, Jr., John Davis, and Hamilton Perkins; while soon thereafter
+Seaton Munroe became one of its officers. I especially recall a german
+given by the bachelors at Marini's, on the twenty-second of February,
+1876, when Lady Thornton, wife of Sir Edward Thornton, British Minister
+to the United States, received the guests. The decorations were
+unusually elaborate, consisting chiefly of American flags draped along
+the walls from floor to ceiling; while at one end of the room, in
+compliment to the hostess of the evening, the stars and stripes made way
+to two British flags. A small cannon and a miniature ship were placed
+below the music gallery, while above them was a semicircle of cutlasses
+and a _chevaux-de-frise_ of glistening spears behind which were the
+musicians. In an old scrap book I find a brief notice of this
+entertainment which mentions the belles of the ball, some of whom became
+matrons of a later day in Washington and elsewhere. This is the
+list:--Miss Zeilin, Miss Dunn, Miss Kilbourn, Miss Emory, Miss Campbell,
+Miss Kernan, Miss Dennison, Miss Keating of Philadelphia, Miss
+Patterson, Miss Jewell, Miss Badger, Miss Warfield, Madame Santa Anna,
+Mrs. Gore Jones, Madame Mariscal, Madame Dardon, Mrs. Belknap, Mrs.
+Robeson, Mrs. Frederick Grant and Miss Dodge ("Gail Hamilton").
+
+In the old Stockton house, next door to the residence of William W.
+Corcoran, lived Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Ward who probably entertained more
+lavishly than any other family of that day. Mr. Ward was then in
+Congress from New York. His wife possessed much grace of manner and a
+subtle charm quite impossible to describe. I enjoyed her intimate
+friendship and often availed myself of a standing invitation to take tea
+with her. In her drawing-room one constantly met acceptable recruits
+from social and political life, all of whom she charmed by her affable
+conversation and unaffected bearing. Upon her return to New York Miss
+Virginia Stuart, her daughter by a former marriage, married the Rev.
+Alexander McKay-Smith, assistant rector at St. Thomas' Church. Soon
+after his marriage he received a call to St. John's Church in
+Washington, where he remained the beloved rector until in 1902 he was
+elected Bishop-Coadjutor of Pennsylvania.
+
+It was about this same period that I formed a friendship with Lieutenant
+Commander and Mrs. Arent Schuyler Crowninshield. He was then Ordnance
+Officer of the Washington Navy Yard and lived in the quaint old house
+later assigned to the second line officer of that station. Mrs.
+Crowninshield's sister, Elizabeth Hopkins Bradford, lived with her and I
+attended her wedding there. She married Edmund Hamilton Smith of
+Canandaigua, New York, a son of Judge James C. Smith of the Supreme
+Court of that State, and the ceremony was performed by the Rev. Dr. John
+Vaughan Lewis of St. John's Church, Washington. This wedding made an
+indelible impression upon my memory owing to an unfortunate circumstance
+which attended it. The mother of the bride-elect and the latter's
+youngest sister, Louise, were traveling in Europe and had arranged their
+return passage in ample time, as they supposed, to be present at the
+ceremony. The ship met with an accident off the coast of Newfoundland,
+however, and during the delay the wedding took place. There was much
+anxiety concerning the safety of the bride's mother and sister which
+naturally cast an atmosphere of gloom over the marriage feast, but in a
+few days the ship came into port and unalloyed happiness prevailed.
+After Mr. Crowninshield's promotion to a Captaincy in the Navy he was
+ordered to command the _Richmond_ in the Philadelphia Navy Yard, and
+there I repeatedly met him and his fascinating wife. He remained there,
+however, for less than a year, when he was placed in command of the
+ill-fated _Maine_, and about ten months before she was destroyed was
+ordered to Washington as Chief of the Bureau of Navigation with the
+rank, first of Commodore and then of Rear Admiral. He served as such
+with marked efficiency during the Spanish-American War, and several
+years later commanded the flagship of the European Squadron. He retired
+in 1903 on his own application and died five years later, deeply
+regretted by a large circle of official and personal friends. Mrs.
+Crowninshield is so well and favorably known to the public as an
+authoress that it would be impossible for me to add any leaves to the
+laurels she now wears; but I cannot refrain from paying a tribute to her
+remarkable loyalty as a friend and expressing my admiration for those
+uncommon traits of character which, with her commanding presence, have
+made her so deeply respected and so greatly admired.
+
+The first loan-exhibition given in Washington that I now recall was near
+the close of Grant's administration, and was for the benefit of the
+Church of the Incarnation. It was in an old house on the corner of
+Fifteenth and H Streets, since torn down to make way for the George
+Washington University. As much interest was shown in the enterprise and
+many of the old Washington families sent valuable relics, a large sum of
+money was realized. Among the contributors were William W. Corcoran,
+Miss Olive Risley Seward, Senator John P. Jones of Nevada, and Seth
+Ledyard Phelps, the latter of whom was at the time one of the District
+Commissioners and owned a large number of Chinese curios gathered by him
+during his life in the East. I, too, was glad to aid so worthy a cause
+and sent some of my most cherished possessions. Before the exhibition
+was formally opened, I attended a private view of the collection given
+in honor of William W. Corcoran and Horatio King. Of Mr. Corcoran I have
+elsewhere spoken; with Mr. King I was also well acquainted. In 1839,
+while a young man, he was appointed to a position in the Post Office
+Department and eleven years later was connected with its foreign service
+in which he originated and perfected postal arrangements of great
+importance to the country. His promotion was rapid and he finally became
+Postmaster General under President Buchanan, a position which he held
+with credit both to the administration and himself. About 1873, when I
+first knew Mr. and Mrs. King, they lived in a modest home at 707 H
+Street where, every Saturday evening, many _litterateurs_ and prominent
+men of state were accustomed to gather and discuss the important
+literary and political problems of the day. John Pierpont read a poem at
+the first of these receptions and Grace Greenwood rendered some choice
+selections, while George William Curtis and other men of note
+contributed their share to the success of other similar occasions. These
+literary reunions are said to have been the first of their kind ever
+held in Washington.
+
+I was invited one evening in 1877 by Mrs. Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren,
+widow of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, U.S.N., who was then living at
+the corner of L and Fourteenth Streets, to attend a meeting of the
+Washington Historical Society held in her drawing-rooms. It was
+Washington's birthday and James A. Garfield, then Senator from Ohio, was
+the orator of the evening. In one portion of his remarks he seemed to go
+out of his way to emphasize the statement that Mary Ball, Washington's
+mother, was a very plain old woman. Why he considered that her lack of
+prominent lineage necessarily added greater luster to the Father of His
+Country, was not apparent to quite a number of his audience, for even
+the numerous votaries of the Patron Saint of Erin, "the beautiful isle
+of the sea," took honest pride in according him a gentle descent:--
+
+    St. Patrick was a gintleman,
+    He came from dacent people.
+
+Mrs. Dahlgren was a woman of unusual intellectual ability. She was the
+daughter of Samuel Finley Vinton of Ohio, who for many years represented
+his district in Congress and was chairman of the Ways and Means
+Committee. In 1879 she published a small volume entitled "Etiquette of
+Social Life in Washington." She followed this book with another, whose
+title I do not recall, in which she dwelt at length upon society in
+Washington. It was not well received as her criticisms upon the wives of
+Cabinet Officers and others were such as to invoke general disfavor and
+arouse bitter resentment. Mrs. Dahlgren's ablest work, however, was the
+life of her husband, which was published in 1882 in a volume of over six
+hundred and fifty pages. She had a fine command of the English language
+and excellent literary discrimination in the use of its words, as
+appears everywhere in her writings and especially in the following
+tribute to her husband in the preface of his Life:--
+
+"Admiral Dahlgren was a man of science, of inventive genius, of
+professional skill; but beyond all these, he was a _patriot_. While
+climbing, at first with slow and toilsome but reliant steps, and, later
+on, with swifter, surer progress, that summit to which his genius urged
+him, he was often and again confronted by the clamor of discontent, the
+jealousies of his profession, and the various forms of opposition his
+rapid, upward course evoked; and until the present generation of actors
+in the great drama in which he played so conspicuous part shall have
+passed away, it will be difficult to gain an impartial opinion. Yet
+Death having arrested his ultimate conceptions while yet midway in his
+career, and set the final seal upon his actions, we are content to leave
+the verdict of a 'last appeal' to his beloved country and the hearts of
+a grateful people."
+
+Two years later I attended another meeting of this Historical Society at
+the residence of Henry Strong, who built and owned the house on K Street
+now occupied by Mrs. Stephen B. Elkins, and for a time resided there. It
+was a brilliant assemblage and it deemed itself fortunate in having
+Moncure D. Conway, the distinguished historical writer and essayist, as
+the orator of the evening. He spoke upon the leaders of the Federal
+party during the formative period of our national government, and soon
+made it apparent that his sympathies were not with them. He was strongly
+denunciatory of the Federalists, going so far even as to brand some of
+them as traitors, and especially criticized Jay's Treaty with England in
+1794 which was their pet creation. He spoke at some length of Oliver
+Wolcott, one of the most prominent Federalists of that day, entirely
+ignorant meanwhile of the fact that some members of the Tuckerman
+family, his descendants, were in the audience. At this time Mr. Conway
+was writing the life of Thomas Paine, which has since been published,
+and the morning after his lecture on the Federal party he called upon me
+to ascertain whether any unpublished information relating to Paine,
+which might aid him in his projected biography of the latter, was to be
+found in the private papers of James Monroe which were in my possession.
+During our conversation I ventured to remark to Mr. Conway that possibly
+he was not aware that the previous evening certain descendants of Oliver
+Wolcott were in his audience. He responded that he had no desire to give
+offense but that unfortunately he could not adapt history to suit the
+views of the descendants of early statesmen.
+
+To use a terse expression of Hamlet, I have often heard that Paine was
+one of the unfortunates who were not treated by our government
+"according to their deserts." It is now conceded by students of our
+national history that no man rendered more effective service to the
+American Revolution than "Tom" Paine. His devotion to the cause and his
+conspicuous sacrifices in its behalf were repeatedly acknowledged by
+Washington, Franklin and all the lesser lights of the day. After
+independence had been secured, still imbued with the spirit of liberty,
+his pen and his presence were not wanting when required in behalf of
+the liberties of the French people. He was imprisoned with hundreds of
+others in the Luxembourg, where he languished for nearly eleven months
+in daily expectation of being hurried to the guillotine. Following the
+fall of Robespierre he was liberated through the kindly offices of James
+Monroe, who had succeeded Gouverneur Morris as our Minister to France,
+and was at once crowned with honors by the government in whose behalf he
+had suffered. During the term of his imprisonment, it was his belief
+that a single word from Washington would effect his release, and he had
+a right to expect it, but he waited in vain. He was wholly unconscious,
+meanwhile, that the mind of Washington had been poisoned against him by
+one high in public counsels, and while still in ignorance of this fact
+addressed him the well-known denunciatory letter which evoked such
+wide-spread criticism. Washington, however, was not to blame, for he had
+been deceived in the house of his friends; but of this Paine was
+entirely ignorant. Delaware Davis, a son of Colonel Samuel B. Davis of
+Delaware who rendered such distinguished service during the War of 1812,
+told me a few years ago that his father was present at a dinner where
+Paine was asked what he thought of Washington. Doubtless in a spirit of
+acrimony he uttered the following lines:
+
+    Take from the rock the rough and rudest stone,
+    It needs no sculptor, it is Washington;
+    But if you chisel, let the strokes be rude,
+    And on his bosom write ingratitude.
+
+There is probably no period of our national history when party rivalries
+were so intense and the expression of political animosities were more
+bitter than they were a century ago between the disciples of Jefferson
+and Hamilton. Epithets in popular discourse were openly hurled at
+political antagonists that decent men would not tolerate to-day, and the
+public press gave expression to charges and insinuations against
+honorable partisans such as none but the very yellowest and most
+debauched journals would now deem it expedient to print. As a single
+illustration, I have in my possession what is called "An infallible
+remedy to make a true Federalist." It is without date and was given to
+me by a descendant of Thomas Jefferson who knew nothing of its origin
+except that it was a Boston production. It speaks for itself, and is as
+follows:--
+
+     Take the head of an old hypocrite, one ounce of Nero's
+     conspiracy, two ounces of the hatred of truth, five scruples
+     of liars' tongues, twenty-five drops of the spirit of Oliver
+     Cromwell, fifteen drops of the spirit of contentment. Put
+     them in the mortar of self-righteousness and pound them with
+     the pestle of malice and sift them through the skin of a
+     Doctor of Divinity and put the compound into the vessel of
+     rebellion and steep it over the fire of Sedition twenty-four
+     hours, and then strain it in the rag of high treason. After
+     which put it in the bottle of British influence and cork it
+     with the disposition of Toryism, and let it settle until the
+     general court rises, and it will then be fit for use. This
+     composition has never been known to fail, but if by reason
+     of robust constitution it should fail, add the anxiety of
+     the stamp act, and sweeten with a Provisional Army.
+
+     The above articles may be had of the following gentlemen who
+     are appointed wholesale venders of British Agents in
+     America.
+
+               F. TARGET.
+
+The last days of the Grant administration were filled with forebodings
+and excitement. I shall always remember, when the news reached
+Washington that Rutherford B. Hayes had been nominated by the Republican
+party, the eager inquiries: "Who is Hayes?" It was then I heard for the
+first time an expression which constantly occurs nowadays--"A dark
+horse." Samuel J. Tilden, as is well known, was the standard bearer of
+the Democracy. The fight was long and bitter, as almost up to the day of
+the inauguration the question as to which candidate was successful was a
+matter of doubt. The Electoral Commission, the compromise agreed upon by
+both parties, was composed of the same number of Republicans and
+Democrats with Justice Joseph P. Bradley of the Supreme Court as the
+fifteenth member, chosen on account of his neutral position. It decided
+that the Republican nominee was entitled to the electoral votes of
+Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina, and the Electoral College
+accordingly awarded the Presidency to Mr. Hayes by a vote of 186 to 185.
+
+The Tilden campaign was engineered by Manton Marble, an able man and the
+editor of the New York _World_. I had known Mr. Tilden when he was a
+great adherent of Martin Van Buren. He was a small, insignificant
+looking man whose whole life was given up to politics. As I remember him
+in general, he was expounding upon his favorite subject regardless of
+"time and tide." His father had been affiliated with the celebrated
+"Albany Regency," and the son, inheriting his views, became one of the
+ablest as well as shrewdest political leaders that the Democratic party
+in New York has ever known. As a lawyer his great ability was
+universally recognized, and yet his last will was successfully
+contested, although it had been drawn up by him with almost infinite
+care and with the most scrupulous regard for details and engrossed with
+his own hand.
+
+I saw the Hayes inaugural-parade from a window on the corner of
+Fifteenth Street and New York Avenue. All through the day there was a
+suppressed feeling of uncertainty and excitement, but at the appointed
+hour the President-elect drove to the Capitol in the usual manner and
+took the oath of office. The procession which escorted him to the White
+House was by no means so imposing as others I had seen, among them that
+of eight years later at Cleveland's first inauguration, when General
+Fitzhugh Lee rode at the head of the Virginia troops and received a
+greater ovation than the new President himself. It was late in February
+before it was definitely known what the final decision of the Electoral
+Commission would be, and the uncertainty arising from this fact,
+together with the prevailing political disquietude, doubtless had much
+effect in limiting the size of the parade.
+
+I soon made the acquaintance of President and Mrs. Hayes and was always
+a welcome guest at the White House. The latter was of commanding
+presence and endowed with great beauty, while she possessed moral and
+intellectual traits that not only endeared her in time to the residents
+of the Capital but also won for her the respect and admiration of the
+people at large. She was also a woman of strong convictions and
+exceptional strength of character, and rarely failed to make her
+influence felt in behalf of what she believed to be right. Although, for
+example, the attitude she assumed in regard to the use of wine at the
+White House entertainments was a radical departure from precedent and
+evoked the antagonism of many of her friends and admirers, she believed
+herself to be right and successfully persevered in her course to the
+end; so that William M. Evarts, Hayes's Secretary of State, kept pretty
+close to the truth when he asserted years thereafter that "during the
+Hayes administration water flowed at the White House like champagne!"
+She was a woman of deeply religious experience and a devout member of
+the Methodist Church. Washington society felt the influence of her
+example, and during her residence at the White House the Sabbath was
+more generally observed at the National Capital than during any other
+administration I have known. As time passed and we became better
+acquainted, my respect and admiration for her greatly increased. I
+repeatedly spent the evening with her informally at the White House when
+our intercourse was unhampered by red-tape, and it was then, of course,
+that I saw her at her best. Her _role_ was by no means without its
+embarrassments. She necessarily knew that many persons of prominence and
+influence viewed with serious doubt the legality of her husband's title
+to the Presidential chair and that there were those who even alluded to
+him as "His Fraudulency"; but the world was none the wiser, so far as
+she was concerned, and she pursued the "even tenor of her way," and by
+the subtle influence of her character and conduct won both for her
+husband and herself the admiration of many who, but for her, would
+probably have remained their enemies.
+
+In 1863 Stephen J. Field of California was appointed by President
+Lincoln a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and made his residence in
+one of the three dwelling-houses on Second Street facing the Capitol,
+which is said to have been a gift from his brothers, David Dudley, the
+eminent lawyer; Cyrus W., the father of the Atlantic cable; and the Rev.
+Dr. Henry M., the eminent Presbyterian divine and versatile editor of
+_The New York Evangelist_. Here the brothers met every February to
+celebrate the birthday of David Dudley Field. For many years after the
+destruction of the first Capitol by the British in the War of 1812, the
+Field house and the two which adjoined it were used by Congress as the
+seat of its deliberations. Henry Clay served within its walls as Speaker
+for about ten years, and Mrs. Field took much pride in showing her
+guests the mark on the wall where his desk stood. At one period before
+its occupancy by Judge Field this residence was used as a boarding
+house, and in its back parlor John C. Calhoun breathed his last. During
+the Civil War it was used by the government with the two adjoining
+houses as the "Old Capitol Prison"--but of this I have spoken in another
+place. Justice Field was "a gentleman of the old school" and one of the
+most courtly men in public life, while his wife was well known for her
+tact, culture and exquisite taste. Their home was enriched with many
+curiosities collected at home and abroad, and I especially recall a bust
+of the young Emperor Augustus, an exact copy of the original in the
+Vatican. Mrs. Field's sister, Miss Sarah Henderson Swearingen,
+accompanied her to Washington and some years later was married from this
+home to John Condit-Smith. My old friend, Dr. Charles W. Hoffman, who
+for twenty years was the librarian of the U.S. Supreme Court, was a near
+neighbor and friend of Judge and Mrs. Field. After a life well spent he
+retired to the home of his birth in Frederick, Maryland, where he lived
+for many years, surrounded by his well-loved books and art treasures. He
+never married.
+
+When I first knew Mr. and Mrs. James G. Blaine they were living on
+Fifteenth Street between H and I Streets. Miss Abigail Dodge, "Gail
+Hamilton," a cousin of Mrs. Blaine, resided with them and added greatly
+to the charm of the establishment. The world in general as well as his
+eulogists have done full justice to Mr. Blaine's amazing tact and charm
+of manner; but I may be pardoned the conceit if I offer my own tribute
+by referring to a graceful remark he made the first time I had the
+pleasure of meeting him. I heard someone say: "Here comes Mr. Blaine,"
+and as I turned and he was formally presented to me I saw before me a
+distinguished looking middle-aged man of commanding presence, who, as he
+raised his hat to greet me, remarked in a low and pleasant voice: "I bow
+to the name!"
+
+The social column so generally in vogue in all the large newspapers
+throughout the country was introduced into Washington about 1870. Miss
+Augustine Snead, who wrote under the _nom de plume_ of "Miss Grundy,"
+was the first woman society reporter I ever knew. She represented
+several newspapers, and she and her mother, Mrs. Fayette Snead, herself
+a graceful writer under the pen name of "Fay," were seen at many
+entertainments. Both of them were wide-awake and clever women. I happen
+to have preserved an article which appeared in the society column of
+_The Evening Star_, written by Miss Snead, which is largely made up of
+puns upon the society men of the day, some of whom are now gray-haired
+veterans and some, alas! are no longer here. She wrote:--
+
+"Our society men are sighing for their rights and complain that whereas
+it is only once in four years they have the privilege of being courted
+and receiving special attention the social columns of the newspapers
+should give them more space. We have detailed one of our corps for the
+purpose with the following result. It (s)Eames to us that the officers
+of the Marine Corps are Muse-ing on an exhibition of their Zeal in the
+invention of a patent Payne-killer, in proof that they have not leaned
+upon a broken Reed. Some one may call us Palmer (H)off of bad puns, but
+we have not given A(u)lick amiss. No wonder the Marine Corps, in hourly
+dread of annihilation, has its anxieties increased by the continuance of
+the Alarm at the Navy Yard, the officers of that formidable little
+vessel having proved through the season that it is well named, by each
+striking eight _belles_ per hour."
+
+"Eames" was my nephew, Charles Campbell Eames. "Muse" was General
+William S. Muse, U.S.M.C., now residing on the Eastern Shore of
+Maryland, who usually spends a portion of each year at the Capital.
+"Zeal in" referred to Lieutenant William F. Zeilin, U.S.M.C., a son of
+General Jacob Zeilin, U.S.M.C. "Payne" was Frederick H. Paine, formerly
+in the Navy, who still makes Washington his home. "Reed" was General
+George C. Reid, U.S.M.C., now residing in Washington. "(H)off" was
+Captain William Bainbridge Hoff, U.S.N., who died a few years ago; and
+"Palmer" was Lieutenant Aulick Palmer, formerly in the Marine Corps and
+now U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia.
+
+When I first knew the distinguished scientist, Professor Theodore E.
+Hilgard, he and his wife were living on N Street, near Twelfth Street.
+For many years he was Superintendent of the Coast Survey, and after an
+interval of a number of years was succeeded by his nephew, Mr. Otto H.
+Tittmann. The latter and his wife are now among the widely-known and
+popular residents of Washington. The French Government in appreciation
+of Professor Hilgard's scientific achievements presented to him a superb
+vase which is now owned by Dr. Thomas N. Vincent.
+
+About thirty years ago my daughters and I formed a friendship with
+Senator and Mrs. James B. Beck of Kentucky and their daughter, the wife
+of General Green Clay Goodloe of the U.S. Marine Corps. Mr. Beck was one
+of the Democratic leaders in the Senate and was regarded as among the
+ablest men of his party. He was proud of his Scotch blood and loyal in
+his friendships. His wife was Miss Jane Washington Augusta Thornton,
+whose grandfather, Colonel John Thornton of Rappahannock County,
+Virginia, was a first cousin of General Washington. Both the Senator and
+his wife have passed onward, but our affection still lives in General
+and Mrs. Goodloe, who are among the best and truest friends I have ever
+known.
+
+Just before the close of the Hayes administration, Walter D. Davidge,
+whose home for many years was on Sixth Street, built a large mansion on
+the corner of H and Seventeenth Streets and upon its completion he and
+Mrs. Davidge, who was Miss Anna Louisa Washington, gave a housewarming.
+Champagne flowed freely upon this occasion and it is said that the
+supper was one of the handsomest and most elaborate ever served in
+Washington. The same winter my daughters attended a brilliant ball given
+at Stewart Castle by its chatelaine, Mrs. William M. Stewart, whose
+husband was one of the U.S. Senators from Nevada. She was the daughter
+of Senator Henry S. Foote, who represented Mississippi in ante-bellum
+days, and gave the ball in honor of several Virginia girls who were her
+guests. She was assisted in the entertainment by her two elder
+daughters, both of whom were married. Stewart Castle was well adapted
+for such a social function as it was one of the few mansions in
+Washington that had a spacious ballroom. This residence was quite
+suburban, and the Hillyer house on Massachusetts Avenue which stood on a
+high terrace was the only other dwelling in the immediate vicinity. I
+remember that when the home of the British Embassy was in the course of
+erection, the wisdom of the location was greatly questioned, owing to
+its remoteness from the fashionable center of the city.
+
+During the Arthur administration, Mr. Edward C. Halliday and his wife
+came to the National Capital to spend a winter. I had known him many
+years before when he visited the widow of General Alexander Macomb in
+her home on the corner of I and Seventeenth Streets, where the Farragut
+apartment house now stands. He was of a Scotch family which originally
+settled in New York, and his father for some years was President of the
+St. Andrews Society of that city. After residing several months in
+Washington Mr. Halliday built several houses opposite the British
+Embassy on N Street, the largest of which he reserved for his own
+residence. It was here that Mr. and Mrs. Halliday entertained with such
+true Scotch hospitality. Their Friday evenings were bright spots on the
+social horizon, especially for the young people, as dancing was one of
+their special features. Just before the close of her second social
+season Mrs. Halliday gave a fancy-dress ball, which was a happy
+inspiration, varying as it did the monotony of germans, receptions and
+teas. On this occasion the minuet was danced by the younger guests
+dressed in Louis XIV. costumes.
+
+In the spring of 1880 the long and painful illness of my husband closed
+in death. He had been handicapped by years of ill health, and, although
+he had the intellectual power, the ability, the wings to spread, there
+was, alas, no surrounding air to bear them up! The ambition was there
+and the intense desire, but strength was lacking and he bore his
+affliction with sublime fortitude. For a while after his departure I
+felt akin to a ship lost at sea; my moorings were nowhere within sight.
+I had leaned on him through so many years of married life, constantly
+sustained by his high code of integrity and honor, that his death was
+indeed a bereavement too terrible for words to express. I care to say no
+more.
+
+The summer of the same year, accompanied by my daughters, I sought the
+quietude of the mountains of Virginia. Tarrying in the same house with
+me was Mrs. John Griffith Worthington of Georgetown, D.C., with whom I
+formed a lasting friendship. The Worthington family resided in the
+District long before it became the seat of government and owned
+extensive property. Even in extreme old age Mrs. Worthington was one of
+the most truly beautiful women I have ever seen. She was Miss Elizabeth
+Phillips of Dayton, Ohio, and a lineal descendant of President Jonathan
+Dickinson of Princeton University. Her daughter Eliza, Mrs. William
+Henry Philip, represented the same type of woman. John G. Worthington's
+sister married Judge William Gaston, the eminent jurist of North
+Carolina.
+
+The administration of Garfield was of short duration. The tragedy which
+brought to a speedy close his earthly career is too well known to be
+dwelt upon at length. The mortal attack upon him in 1881 by the fanatic
+Charles J. Guiteau in the old Pennsylvania railroad station on the
+corner of Sixth and D Streets shocked the civilized world, and his long
+and painful illness at Elberon was closely watched by a sympathizing
+public until it closed in death. Dr. D. W. Bliss was the Garfield family
+physician but the most eminent specialists of the country were called
+into consultation. It is the first time within my memory that I ever
+heard of the issue of official bulletins by physicians announcing the
+condition of their patients. At the trial of Guiteau he was defended by
+his brother-in-law, George M. Scoville, while Judge John K. Porter of
+New York and Walter D. Davidge of the Washington bar were employed to
+assist in the prosecution. This trial was of such absorbing interest
+that men and women crowded to the City Hall, where admission was granted
+only by ticket. No one could possibly have seen Guiteau without a
+feeling akin to pity, as he displayed every indication of possessing an
+unbalanced mind.
+
+The administration of President Arthur proved a source of delight to
+Washington society and afforded abundant demonstration, as in the cases
+of Jefferson, Jackson, Van Buren and Buchanan before him, that a
+"Mistress of the White House" in the person of a wife is not an absolute
+necessity. Mrs. John E. McElroy, the President's sister, spent much of
+her time in Washington and presided with grace over the social functions
+of the White House. The President himself was a gentleman of dignified
+and imposing presence and of great social as well as political tact. He
+instinctively seemed to know the proper thing to do and exactly when to
+do it. I was deeply touched by his thoughtfulness when my second
+daughter, Ruth Monroe, was married in December, 1882. Although we were
+still in mourning and had no personal acquaintance with the President
+nor other association at that time with the White House, General Arthur
+on that occasion sent superb flowers to my home from the conservatory of
+the Executive Mansion. I regarded the act as exceedingly gracious, but
+it was in every way characteristic of the man. The circumstances under
+which he succeeded to the Presidential chair were so painful and some of
+his former political affiliations were so distasteful to many that the
+early portion of his administration was attended with a certain degree
+of embarrassment; yet, by sheer force of character, unquestioned ability
+and magnificent tact he so effectively worked his way into the hearts of
+the people that he left the Presidential chair as highly esteemed as any
+of his predecessors and carried with him into retirement the applause of
+the people irrespective of party affiliation.
+
+I made the acquaintance of General and Mrs. Adolphus W. Greely soon
+after his return from his Arctic expedition. Both he and Rear Admiral
+Winfield Scott Schley, U.S.N., the rescued and the rescuer, were then
+receiving the ovations of the public. During our early acquaintance the
+Greelys purchased a delightful old-fashioned house on G Street, below
+Pennsylvania Avenue, where they still reside surrounded by a charming
+group of sons and daughters. General Greely is always an object of
+interest wherever he goes and deservedly so, as scientific attainments,
+distinguished bearing and engaging manners such as his can never fail to
+win applause. Mrs. Greely, the bride of his youth and the companion of
+his maturer years, wins all hearts and holds them.
+
+It would be both unjust and ungrateful to make no mention of Mrs. Phoebe
+Hearst, the mother of William R. Hearst of New York. She came to
+Washington an entire stranger as the wife of the late Senator George
+Hearst of California, but soon endeared herself to all old residents by
+her personal magnetism, her social tact and her philanthropic acts.
+Deeply in sympathy with the work of women, her benevolence in this
+particular field was unbounded. Her entertainments were lavish and I was
+often numbered among her guests. I especially recall an evening
+reception given by her in honor of a company of authors attending a
+congress in Washington. It was remarkable for the number of
+distinguished men and women gathered from all parts of the country, some
+of whom I had never met before, and among them Mark Twain, Francis
+Marion Crawford and William Dean Howells.
+
+As I lay down my pen, memories of many old friends are passing before me
+and of their children, too. Then there are others with whom I formed
+ties later in life of the most enduring character. This is especially
+true of my old and cherished neighbors, Rear Admiral and Mrs. Francis A.
+Roe. With his work well done he now rests from his labors, but his widow
+is yet my valued friend. Still another is Rear Admiral Winfield Scott
+Schley, U.S. N. who, surrounded by admiring friends in Washington, lives
+quietly and unostentatiously and bears his laurels well; and last, but
+anything in the world but least, Mrs. Julian James, a representative of
+a distinguished New York family, the daughter of Theodorus Bailey Myers,
+who has made her home in Washington for many years, and is now the "Lady
+Bountiful" of the National Capital. Beautiful in person as well as in
+character, she distributes her wealth with a lavish hand, and richly
+deserves the words "well done."
+
+In looking backward through the years of a long and active life I have
+seen varied relays of humanity, all of them acting their parts and
+filling their appropriate niches--great and small often standing
+shoulder to shoulder and engaged in the same strife. Many of them, my
+friends in childhood as well as old age, have long since passed into the
+life beyond. _Vanitas Vanitatis!_ may be the exclamation of the
+moralizing cynic, but to me many of these memories are a blessed
+heritage, and I am grateful to the Father of All for permitting me to
+catch from them the inspiration to prepare these rambling notes.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+Abert, John, 195.
+
+Abinger, Lord, 211.
+  Lady, 211.
+
+Adams, Abigail, 134.
+  Abigail Louisa Smith, 148.
+  Charles, 148.
+  Charles Francis, 149, 352.
+  Mrs. Charles Francis, 148, 149, 352.
+  Elizabeth Combs, 205-207.
+  Isaac Hull, 205-207.
+  John (1), 57, 134, 147, 148, 206, 316.
+  John (2), 214, 282.
+  Mrs. John, 214, 282.
+  John Quincy, 31, 32, 148, 149, 199, 200, 206, 214, 279, 280, 282.
+  Mrs. John Quincy, 279, 280, 332.
+  Mary Louisa, 199.
+  Thomas Boylston, 206, 207.
+  William, 180.
+
+Addington, Henry Unwin, 279.
+
+Addison, Joseph, 80.
+
+Adrian, Robert, 53, 66.
+
+Agg, John T., 280.
+
+Albert, Prince, 163.
+  William T., 372.
+
+Alcott, Amos Bronson, 158.
+
+Alfonso XIII., of Spain, 100.
+
+Allen, Eliza, 198.
+  John, 198.
+
+Allerton, Willoughby, 324.
+  Mrs. Willoughby, 324.
+
+Allston, Washington, 99.
+
+Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno, 229.
+  Mrs. Juan Nepomuceno, 229.
+
+Almy, John J., 257.
+
+Anderson, Richard C, 239.
+  Robert, 239.
+  Mrs. Robert, 239, 240.
+
+Andrews, Edward G., 53.
+  John A., 178.
+
+Anne, Queen, 141.
+
+Anthon, Charles, 13-16, 18.
+
+Anthony, Henry B., 361.
+
+Appleton, James Means, 255.
+  Jesse, 255.
+
+Armistead, Richard, 145.
+  Mrs. Richard, 69, 146.
+  Susan, 73, 145.
+
+Armstrong, John, 72.
+  Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Arthur, Chester A., 11, 390, 391.
+
+Ashton, Henry, 215.
+
+Astor, Dorothea, 74.
+  Eliza, 75.
+  Emily, 53.
+  George, 76.
+  "George and Company," 76.
+  Henry, 75.
+  John Jacob (1), 33, 36, 39, 72-77.
+  John Jacob (2), 22.
+  Magdalen, 74.
+  William B., 22, 23, 53, 72.
+  William Waldorf, 102.
+  "Astor and Camp," 76.
+
+Atkinson, Henry, 163.
+  Mrs. Henry, 163.
+
+Auchmuty, Richard Tyldin, 364.
+
+Audenreid, Florence, 373.
+  Joseph C., 372.
+
+Augustus, Emperor, 385.
+
+Aulick, John H., 169.
+
+
+Bache, Eliza Ann, 78.
+  Matilda, 278.
+
+Bacon, Alice, 19.
+  Delia, 19.
+  Francis, 34.
+  Julia, 19.
+  Leonard, 19.
+
+Badger, Miss, 374.
+
+Bakhmeteff, Madame, 364.
+
+Balfe, Michael William, 227.
+  Victoire, 227.
+
+Ball, Mary, 377.
+
+Bancroft, George, 171, 199, 371, 372.
+  Mrs. George, 106, 372.
+
+Bankhead, James, 186, 211.
+  The Misses, 186.
+
+Banks, Nathaniel P., 178, 315.
+
+Bannister, Mr., 185.
+
+Bantz, Gideon, 340.
+
+Baraza, Cipriano, 297.
+
+Barbour, James L., 175.
+
+Barca, de la, Don Calderon, 233.
+  Madame Calderon, 233, 252.
+
+Barclay, Andrew D., 142.
+
+Bard, Samuel, 146.
+  William, 146.
+
+Barker, Jacob, 43.
+
+Barlow, Francis C., 184.
+
+Barnum, P. T., 162.
+
+Barron, James, 259.
+
+Bartlett, William H. C., 123.
+
+Bass, Mrs. Eugenie, 231.
+
+Bazaine, Francois Achille, 278.
+
+Beach, Moses Y., 44, 113.
+
+Beale, Edward F., 364.
+  Mrs. Edward F., 364.
+  Mary, 364.
+
+Bearn, de, Louis, 230, 231.
+  Princess, 231.
+
+Beauharnais, de, Hortense, 258.
+
+Beaujour, de, Felix, 51.
+
+Beaumont, John C., 304.
+
+Beauregard, de, Paix, 58.
+  Toutant, 58.
+  Pierre G. T., 54, 58, 234.
+
+Beck, James B., 387.
+  Mrs. James B., 387.
+
+Becket, a, Thomas, 96.
+
+Beckett, Hamilton, 96.
+
+Belden, George, 144.
+  Julia, 144.
+
+Belknap, William G., 374.
+
+Bellini, Giovanni, 234.
+
+Bellows, Henry W., 147.
+
+Belmont, August, 35, 85, 95.
+  Mrs. August, 95, 165.
+
+Beltzhoover, Daniel M., 121.
+
+Benham, Henry W., 64, 255.
+  Mrs. Henry W., 64, 255.
+
+Bennett, James Gordon, 46, 47, 83.
+  Mrs. James Gordon, 47.
+
+Benton, James G., 46.
+  Mrs. James G., 46.
+  Jessie Ann, 229.
+  Mr., 281.
+  Susan, 229.
+  Thomas H., 92, 93, 229, 279.
+
+Bentzon, Adrian B., 74.
+  Mrs. Adrian B., 74.
+
+Berault, Ameline, 52.
+  Charles, 67.
+  Madame Charles, 67.
+  Laura, 52.
+  Marie-Louise Josephine Laure, 67.
+  Pauline, 68.
+  Vincente Rose Ameline, 67.
+
+Beresford, William, 154.
+
+Bergmans, Alfred, 232.
+  Madame Alfred, 232.
+
+Berret, James G., 367.
+  Mrs. James G., 367.
+
+Berrian, William, 86.
+
+Berrien, William McPherson, 56.
+
+Bertinatti, Giuseppe, 231.
+  Madame Giuseppe, 231.
+
+Bibby, Augustus, 267.
+  Edward N., 267.
+  Mrs. Edward N., 267.
+  Gouverneur S., 36, 371.
+  Mrs. Gouverneur S., 22.
+  Henry Warburton, 267.
+
+Biddle, Nicholas, 14.
+
+Bigelow, John, 53, 126.
+
+Bisset, John, 142.
+
+Black, Jeremiah S., 286.
+  Rebecca B., 286.
+
+Blackwell, Jacob, 5.
+  Lydia, 5.
+  Robert, 5.
+
+Blaine, James G., 174, 361, 385.
+  Mrs. James G., 361, 385.
+
+Blair, Hugh, 30.
+  Mrs. James, 258.
+
+Bleecker, Anthony, 87.
+
+Bliss, Alexander, 372.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 372.
+  D. W., 390.
+  William W. S., 152.
+
+Blodgett, George M., 87.
+
+Boggs, Edward B., 87.
+
+Boilleau, Baron Geoffrey, 229, 230.
+  The Baroness, 229.
+
+Bolles, T. Dix, 215.
+  Mrs. T. Dix, 215.
+
+Bolton, William Compton, 21.
+  Mrs. William Compton, 21.
+
+Bonaparte, Jerome, 339.
+
+Boreel, Mrs. Francis R., 73.
+
+Borland, Mr., 281.
+  Solon, 205.
+
+Boswell, James, 80.
+
+Botelwalla, (a Parsee), 294.
+
+Botta, Vincenzo, 158.
+  Mrs. Vincenzo, 158, 159.
+
+Bouck, William C., 189, 193.
+
+Bowne, Walter, 30.
+
+Boyce, Edward, 233.
+  Mrs. Edward, 233.
+
+Bradford, Elizabeth Hopkins, 375.
+  William, 183.
+
+Bradish, Luther, 3.
+
+Bradley, Joseph P., 382.
+
+Brady, James T., 83, 84.
+
+Brandegee, Maria, 58.
+
+Brasher, Philip, 43.
+
+Bratz, Herrman, 372.
+
+Bray, Mrs. Ann Eliza, 66.
+
+Breckenridge, John C., 220.
+
+Bresson, de, Paul Alfred, 232.
+
+Bridge, Horatio, 274.
+  Mrs. Horatio, 274.
+
+Bridgens, Cornelia, 159, 160.
+  The Misses, 159.
+
+Brodhead, Jacob, 86.
+
+Broglie, de, Duchesse, 75.
+
+Bronson, Orestes Augustus, 158.
+
+Brooke, Catharine L., 174.
+
+Brooks, Peter C., 148.
+  Preston S., 244.
+  Mrs. Sidney, 225.
+
+Brown, B. Gratz, 351.
+  Colonel, 348.
+  Jesse, 176.
+  John Marshall, 215.
+  Mrs. John Marshall, 215.
+  Mr., 281.
+  Robert M. G., 340.
+  Mrs. Robert M. G., 340.
+  (Sexton), 135, 136, 137.
+
+Browne, George W., 35.
+
+Browning, Robert, 371.
+  Mrs. Robert, 371.
+
+Brownlee, William C., 86.
+
+Bryant, William Cullen, 45, 48, 119.
+
+Buchanan, James, 176, 177, 218, 242, 276, 285, 286, 288, 341, 376, 390.
+  James, (British Consul in N.Y.), 168.
+  Roberdeau, 9.
+  Mrs. Roberdeau, 9.
+
+Buckingham, Mrs. Benjamin F., 199.
+
+Buckley, Barzilla, 18.
+
+Bucknor, Cornelia, 185.
+  Emily, 186.
+  Frank, 185, 186.
+
+Bull, Ole, 196.
+
+Bullitt, Diana Moore, 163.
+  Eloise, ("Lou"), 163.
+  Mary, 163.
+
+Bulloch, James D., 304.
+
+Bunner, Anne, 40.
+  Rudolph, 40, 42, 43.
+
+Burdette, Charles, 9.
+
+Burke, Edmund, 84.
+
+Burney, Frances, 66.
+
+Burns, David, 236, 237.
+  Robert, 14.
+  William C., 297.
+
+Burnside, Ambrose E., 361, 364.
+
+Burr, Aaron, 6, 99, 108, 258.
+  Theodosia, 99.
+
+Burton, William E., 13, 26, 82, 162.
+
+Bush, Ralph I., 27, 28.
+
+Butler, Andrew P., 244.
+  Benjamin F., 92, 161.
+  Mrs. Benjamin F., 161.
+  Gen. Benjamin F., 221, 222, 274.
+  Charles Henry, 368.
+  Pierce (1), (Senator), 85.
+  Pierce (2), 85.
+
+Byron, Lord, 40, 84, 354.
+
+
+Caballero, Lucas, 297.
+
+Cabell, Mrs. Robert Henry, 105, 183.
+
+Cadwalader, John (1), 255.
+  John (2), 255.
+  John L., 373.
+  Mary, 373.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 267.
+
+Calhoun, John C., 4, 279, 384.
+
+Cameron, Simon, 274.
+
+Cammack, Mrs., 54.
+
+Campan, Madame, 29, 258.
+
+Campbell, Alexander, 7, 8.
+  Archibald, 207, 218.
+  Mrs. Archibald, 207.
+  Charles H., 207.
+  Mrs. Charles H., 207.
+  Charlotte, 265, 311.
+  Fanny, 19, 22, 139, 171.
+  James (1), 6, 12-15, 18, 31-33, 40, 45, 179, 180, 366.
+  Mrs. James, 14, 18, 262, 266, 271, 311.
+
+Campbell, James (2), 22, 23, 265.
+  Malcolm (1), 6, 8, 9, 45.
+  Malcolm (2), 17, 98, 173, 265, 311.
+  Margaret, 115, 184, 187, 233, 262, 264-266.
+  Marian, 16, 261, 262, 264, 266.
+  St. George Tucker, 212.
+  Mrs. St. George Tucker, 212.
+  Miss, 374.
+
+Canda, Charles, 67.
+  Charlotte, 67.
+
+Canova, Antonio, 338.
+
+Carey, Asa Bacon, 355.
+  Mrs. Asa Bacon, 355.
+
+Carlisle, Earl of, 106, 146.
+
+Carlota, Empress, 208, 209.
+
+Caroline, Queen of Naples, 337, 338.
+
+Carpenter, Lilian, 372.
+  Matthew, 372.
+
+Carr, Jonathan, 2.
+
+Carroll, Alida, 215.
+  Carrie, 215.
+  Charles, 101, 106, 262.
+  Daniel, 236.
+  Harriet, 262.
+  Helen Sophia, 314.
+  Sallie, 215.
+  Violetta Lansdale, 215.
+  William Thomas, 214, 217, 266.
+  Mrs. William Thomas, 214, 266.
+
+Carter, Bernard Moore, 97.
+  Robert, 249.
+
+Cass, Isabella, 121, 187.
+  Lewis Cass, 121, 188.
+
+Casti, Giovanni Battista, 34.
+
+Caton, Richard, 101.
+  Mrs. Richard, 101.
+
+Caux, de, Grimaud, 358.
+  Madame Grimaud, 358.
+
+Chalmers, Thomas, 168.
+
+Chandler, William E., 361.
+  Mrs. William E., 361.
+  Zachariah, 241, 368.
+  Mrs. Zachariah, 368.
+
+Channing, William Henry, 157, 158.
+
+Chapman, John Gadsby, 119.
+
+Charraud, John T., 29.
+
+Chase, Salmon P., 218, 334.
+
+Chateaubriand, Francois Auguste, 101.
+
+Chaulet, Mrs. George R. A., 67.
+
+Chegaray, Madame Eloise, 50-54, 57, 58, 61, 63-67, 69, 103, 139, 216.
+
+Chesterfield, Lord, 80, 329.
+
+Chew, Beverly, 57.
+  Mrs. Beverly, 57, 58.
+  Catharine Alexander, 57.
+  Robert S., 218.
+
+Choate, Rufus, 85, 94, 178, 225.
+
+Chopin, Frederic Francois, 76.
+
+Chrystie, Mr., 186.
+
+Church, Albert E., 123.
+
+Clagett, Darius, 175.
+
+Clark, Daniel, 58.
+
+Clay, Clement C., 277.
+  Mrs. Clement C., 277.
+  Henry, 31, 32, 63, 89, 159, 279,
+  317, 384.
+
+Clerke, William B., 185.
+
+Cleveland, Grover, 34, 383.
+
+Clinch, Duncan L., 240.
+
+Clinton, Augusta, 71.
+  Mrs. DeWitt, 69, 70, 71, 129, 145.
+  Julia, 69.
+
+Cochrane, John, 109, 150, 352.
+
+Codman, Charles Russell, 111.
+
+Coffey, Titian J., 367.
+  Mrs. Titian J., 367.
+
+Cohen, Abraham H., 9.
+  Mrs. Abraham H., 9.
+  Mrs. Sara Jane Picken, 9.
+
+Coleman, Margaret, 199.
+  Sarah, 199.
+
+Coles, Mrs. (of New York), 35.
+
+Colfax, Schuyler, 356.
+  Mrs. Schuyler, 356.
+
+Colhoun, Mrs. William H., 187.
+
+Collins, Charles Oliver, 359.
+  Mrs. Charles Oliver, 359.
+  Mrs. Mary Bailey, 359.
+
+Condit-Smith, John, 385.
+  Mrs. John, 385.
+
+Conkling, Roscoe, 361.
+  Mrs. Roscoe, 361.
+
+Connelly, Pierce, 61, 62.
+  Mrs. Pierce, 63.
+
+Contoit, John H., 34.
+
+Conway, Moncure D., 378, 379.
+
+Coolidge, Mrs. Harriet Morris, 200.
+  Richard Henry, 200.
+  Mrs. Richard Henry, 200.
+
+Cooper, James Fenimore, 92, 131.
+  Priscilla, 94.
+  Thomas Apthorpe, 94.
+  Mrs. Thomas Apthorpe, 94.
+
+Corbin, Francis Porteus, 339.
+
+Corcoran, Thomas, 217.
+  William W., 197, 217, 374, 376.
+
+Cornbury, Lord, 141.
+
+Cottringer, Mr., 281.
+
+Coudert, Frederick R., 17.
+
+Cox, Arthur Cleveland, 90.
+  Samuel H., 90.
+
+Cozzens, William B., 36, 180.
+
+Craig, Adam, 64.
+  Mrs. Adam, 64.
+  Jane Stith, 64.
+
+Crampton, John F. T., 226-228.
+  Mrs. John F. T., 227.
+
+Crane, Charles H., 195.
+  Ichabod B., 195.
+
+Crawford, Francis Marion, 392.
+  William H., 32, 282.
+
+Crean, Henrietta Agnes, 47.
+
+Crittenden, John Jordan, 279.
+
+Croghan, Mary E., 233, 234.
+
+Cromwell, Oliver, 2, 381.
+  Samuel, 91, 93.
+
+Crooke, Mary, 131.
+
+Croom, Henry B., 54.
+  Henrietta, 54, 55, 57.
+
+Cropper, John, 358.
+  Mrs. John, 358.
+
+Crowninshield, Arent Schuyler, 375.
+  Mrs. Arent Schuyler, 12, 375-376.
+  Benjamin W., 282.
+  The Misses, 280, 282.
+
+Cruger, Mrs. Douglas, 111.
+
+Cumberland, Duke of, 7, 201.
+
+Cunard, Edward, 117.
+  Lady, 166.
+
+Curry, Jabez L. M., 99.
+  Mrs. Jabez L. M., 99.
+
+Curtin, Andrew G., 352, 367.
+
+Curtis, George William, 158, 377.
+
+Cushing, Caleb, 101, 102, 178, 198, 251, 252, 254, 255, 265, 333.
+
+Custis, Mrs. Daniel Parke, 236.
+  Mrs. Sallie Smith, 337.
+
+Cutts, Mrs. Rose Adelle ("Addie"), 219.
+  James Madison, 218, 219.
+  Mrs. James Madison, 218-220.
+  Richard, 218.
+
+
+Dahlgren, John A., 377, 378.
+  Mrs. John A., 377.
+  Mrs. Madeleine Vinton, 377, 378.
+
+Dallas, George M., 85.
+
+Daly, Charles P., 13, 18.
+  Joseph F., 18.
+
+Dana, Charles A., 157, 352.
+  Francis, 158.
+  Mrs. Francis, 158.
+
+Da Ponte, Lorenzo, 53, 82.
+  Lorenzo L., 53.
+
+Dardon, Madame, 374.
+
+Darwin, Charles, 80.
+
+Davenport, Mrs. Henry K., 213
+  Richard G., 213.
+
+Davidge, Walter D., 387, 390.
+  Mrs. Walter D., 387.
+
+Davidson, Samuel, 236.
+
+Davies, Solomon B., 265.
+  Mrs. Solomon B., 265.
+
+Davis, Charles Augustus, 36, 74.
+  Mrs. Charles Augustus, 74.
+  David, 352.
+  Delaware, 380.
+  Henry Gassaway, 340.
+  Mrs. Henry Gassaway, 340.
+  George T., 245.
+  Grace, 340.
+  Hallie, 340.
+  Jefferson, 103, 213, 284, 287.
+  Mrs. Jefferson, 213, 276.
+  John, 373.
+  Kate, 340.
+  Samuel B., 380.
+  Winter, 178.
+
+Dawes, Anna, 361.
+  Henry L., 361.
+  Mrs. Henry L., 361.
+
+Day, Henry, 137.
+
+De Genlis, Madame, 168.
+
+De Hart, Abigail, 180.
+
+De Kay, George Coleman, 221.
+
+De Koven, Henry, 117.
+  Mrs. Henry, 117.
+  Reginald, 117.
+
+De Menou, Jules, 193.
+
+De Peyster, Arent Schuyler, 34, 165.
+  Captain, 51.
+  Frederick (1), 49.
+  Frederick (2), 39, 163, 164.
+  Mrs. Frederick, 164.
+  James Ferguson, 64.
+  John Watts, 116, 163, 165, 166.
+  Mrs. John Watts, 116, 166.
+  Susan Maria Clarkson, 64.
+
+De Rham, Henry Casimir, 102.
+  Mrs. Henry Casimir, 102.
+
+De Ruiz, Domingo Leoncio, 68.
+  Mrs. Domingo Leoncio, 68.
+
+De Sodre, Lucinia, 314.
+  Luis Pereira, 314.
+
+De Stael, Madame, 75, 276.
+
+De Veaux, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+De Wint, Caroline, 134.
+
+De Witt, Thomas, 86, 180.
+
+De Wolf, Mr., 281.
+
+Decatur, Anne Pine, 309.
+  Stephen (1), 216, 258, 259, 279, 309, 310.
+  Mrs. Stephen, 259.
+  Stephen (2), 309.
+
+Dehon, Fanny, 225.
+
+Delafield, Edward, 116.
+  Mrs. Edward, 116.
+  Henry, 111, 115, 116.
+  John, 115.
+  Joseph, 116.
+  Richard, 116.
+  William, 116.
+
+Delarue, Marguerite M., 175.
+
+Demonet, Charles, 175.
+
+Demsey, John, 323.
+
+Denning, Hannah Maria, 15.
+
+Dennison, Jenny, 367.
+  Miss, 374.
+  William, 367.
+  Mrs. William, 367.
+
+Dent, Louis, 355.
+  Mrs. Louis, 355.
+
+Derby, George H., 282-285.
+
+Desabaye, Caroline, 67.
+  Clara, 52.
+  Gustave, 51.
+  Marc, 51, 52.
+  Pierre Prosper, 50.
+
+Deslonde, Adrian, 93.
+  Marie Mathilde, 95.
+
+Dewey, Orville, 88.
+
+D'Hervilly, Joseph U. F., 68.
+  Madame Joseph U. F., 67, 68.
+
+Dickinson, Jonathan, 389.
+  Julia Maria, 47.
+
+Didot, Firmin, 13.
+
+Diehl, George, 328, 341.
+  Mrs. George, 328, 341.
+  Marie, 328.
+
+Dieterich, George, 75.
+
+Dillon-Lee, Marmaduke, 328.
+
+Dix, John A., 315.
+  Morgan, 75.
+
+Dodge, Mary Abigail, 374, 385.
+
+Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 358, 359.
+
+Donoho, Thomas Seaton, 272, 275.
+
+D'Oremieulx, Theophile, 147.
+
+Douglas, Dr., 198.
+  George, 113, 142.
+  Mrs. George, 111, 114.
+  Jennie, 218.
+  John W., 357.
+  Mrs. John W., 357.
+  Stephen A., 219, 220, 265.
+  Mrs. Stephen A., 219, 220, 276, 349.
+  William, 111.
+
+Downing, Andrew Jackson, 134.
+  Mrs. Andrew Jackson, 134.
+  "Jack," 276.
+  Mrs. "Jack," 74.
+
+Dryden, John, 80.
+
+Dudley, Mrs. Henry, 188.
+  Mrs. William E., 370.
+
+Duer, Anna Henrietta, 40.
+  Catharine Theodore, 84.
+  Edward Alexander, 84.
+  Mrs. Edward Alexander, 84.
+  Eleanor Jones, 15, 131.
+  Elizabeth Denning, 132.
+  Frances Maria, 15, 132.
+  John, 40, 92.
+  Mrs. John, 40.
+  Maria Theodosia, 58.
+  William A., 14, 15, 58, 84, 132.
+  Mrs. William A., 15.
+
+Duke, Mrs. Basil, 243.
+
+Dundas, Mr., 168.
+
+Dunmore, Earl of, 141-143.
+
+Dunn, Miss, 374.
+
+Durand, Asher B., 119.
+
+Dutilh, Eugene, 165.
+  Mrs. Eugene, 165.
+
+Dyer, Alexander B., 125.
+
+
+Eames, Charles, 128, 171, 172, 313.
+  Mrs. Charles, 128, 171-173, 178, 179, 249, 261-262, 265, 313, 367.
+  Charles Campbell, 386.
+  Fanny, 172.
+
+Early, Jubal A., 324.
+
+Eastman, Mrs. Anna Harris, 369.
+  Thomas Henderson, 369.
+  Mrs. Thomas Henderson, 369.
+
+Eaton, John H., 359.
+  Mrs. John H., 359.
+
+Edes, Margaret, 275.
+
+Edgar, Daniel, 79.
+  Mrs. Daniel, 79.
+
+Edgeworth, Maria, 66, 98.
+
+Edward VII., 163.
+
+Elkins, Stephen B., 340.
+  Mrs. Stephen B., 340, 378.
+
+Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth, 286, 340, 341.
+
+Ellicott, Andrew, 205.
+
+Elssler, Fanny, 85, 86.
+
+Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 99, 158, 251.
+
+Emery, William H., 278.
+  Mrs. William H., 278.
+
+Emmett, the Messrs. of N.Y., 112.
+
+Emory, Miss, 374.
+
+Eppes, Francis Wayles, 339.
+  John Wayles, 339.
+  Mrs. John Wayles, 339.
+
+Esterhazy, The Countess, 215.
+
+Eugenie, Empress, 270, 307, 338.
+
+Eustis, Abram, 100.
+  Mrs. Abram, 100.
+
+Evarts, William M., 151, 152, 383.
+
+Eveleth, Kate, 362, 363.
+
+Everett, Edward, 64, 148, 149, 178, 214, 222-225, 266.
+  Mrs. Edward, 148, 222.
+  Henry Sidney, 149.
+
+Ewell, Cordelia, 273.
+  Richard S., 273.
+
+
+Fahnenberg, Baron, 243.
+
+Fairlie, James, 94.
+  Louisa, 94.
+  Mary, 94.
+
+Farley, Mrs. John, 214.
+
+Featherstonhaugh, G. W., 97.
+
+Fendall, Mrs. Reginald, 367.
+
+Fessenden, John M., 182.
+
+Field, Cyrus W., 384.
+  David Dudley, 384.
+  Henry M., 384.
+  Stephen J., 384.
+  Mrs. Stephen J., 384, 385.
+
+Figaniere, Joaquim Cesar de, 70.
+
+Fish, Bayard, 185.
+  Beekman, 185, 186.
+  "Fish, Grinnell and Company," 113.
+
+Fish, Hamilton (1), 103, 148, 150, 151, 152, 165, 174, 186, 286, 373.
+  Mrs. Hamilton, 52, 150, 152,
+  153, 174, 187, 205, 286, 360.
+  Hamilton (2), 373.
+  Preserved, 113, 114.
+
+Fisher, George H., 180.
+
+Fitzgerald, Louis, 269.
+
+Floyd, John B., 341.
+  John G., 266.
+  Julia, 116.
+  Mr., 281.
+  William, 116.
+
+Follin, Adolphus, 185.
+
+Foote, Henry S., 388.
+  Kate, 361.
+
+Forbes, Harriet Blackwell, 187.
+  John, 22.
+  Mrs. John, 23.
+  Maria, 22-24, 26-28, 30, 50, 294.
+
+Forrest, Edwin, 82, 83.
+  Mrs. Edwin, 83.
+  Uriah, 369, 370.
+
+Forsyth, John, 30, 31, 282.
+  Mrs. John, 280, 282.
+
+Foster, Lafayette S., 334.
+
+Fox, Henry Stephen, 227, 228.
+
+Francis, John W., 23, 26-28,
+  69, 81, 82, 98, 115, 180.
+
+Franklin, Benjamin, 26, 28, 379.
+
+Fraser, Donald, 115.
+
+Freeman, Isabel, 199.
+  William G., 199.
+  Mrs. William G., 199.
+
+Frelinghuysen, Frederick, 11.
+  Frederick Theodore, 11.
+  Theodore, 11.
+
+Fremont, John C., 230.
+  Mrs. John C., 230.
+
+Frietchie, Barbara, 125, 327.
+
+Fuller, Margaret, 158.
+  Melville, 215.
+
+Furguson, Mrs., 287
+
+
+Gadsby, John, 177.
+
+Gage, Henry (1), 24.
+  Henry (2), 125.
+  Thomas, 124.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 124.
+
+Gaines, Edmund Pendleton (1), 58.
+  Mrs. Edmund Pendleton, 58.
+  Edmund Pendleton (2), 354.
+  Mrs. Edmund Pendleton (2), 354.
+  Mrs. Myra Clark, 58.
+
+Gales, Mrs. Joseph, 280, 282.
+
+Galliher, Mr., 185.
+
+Galt, Matthew W., 367.
+  Mrs. Matthew W., 367.
+
+Garcia, Manuel, 81.
+  Signor, 81.
+
+Garfield, James A., 377, 389, 390.
+
+Garrick, David, 80.
+
+Garrison, William Lloyd, 99.
+
+Gaston, William, 279, 389.
+  Mrs. William, 389.
+
+Gau, Alexandre, 233, 266.
+  Mrs. Alexandre, 233, 270.
+
+Gautier, Charles, 175.
+
+Gauvain, Michael A., 29.
+
+Gelston, David, 72.
+  Henry, 35.
+  Maltby, 71, 72, 100, 101.
+  Margaret, 71, 72, 100.
+  Mary, 71, 72, 100.
+
+Genet, Edmond Charles, 1, 2, 29.
+
+George I., 8.
+
+Gerard, James W., 144, 185.
+  Julia, 185.
+
+Gerolt, von, Bertha, 232.
+  The Baroness, 232.
+  Frederick Charles Joseph, 231, 232.
+  The Baroness, 232.
+
+Gerry, Mrs. Hannah Greene, 217.
+
+Gevers, Johan Cornelis, 213, 266.
+  The Baroness, 213.
+
+Gibbes, Annette, 22.
+  Charlotte Augusta, 22.
+  Robert Morgan, 102.
+  Mrs. Robert Morgan, 102.
+  Thomas S., 21, 36.
+  Mrs. Thomas S., 21, 22, 36.
+
+Gibbon, Edward, 80.
+
+Gibbs, Benjamin F., 304.
+  George, 147.
+  Mrs. George, 147, 313.
+  Laura Wolcott, 147.
+  Wolcott, 147.
+
+Gillett, Ransom H., 138.
+
+Goelet, Peter, 217.
+
+Goldsborough, Margaret, 334, 350.
+  Mary Catharine, 334.
+
+Gonzales, Ambrosio Jose, 234, 235.
+
+Goodloe, Green Clay, 387.
+  Mrs. Green Clay, 387.
+
+Gordon, John B., 324.
+
+Gordon-Cumming, Alexander Penrose, 172.
+  Mrs. Alexander Penrose, 172.
+
+Gould, James, 4.
+
+Gouverneur, Mrs. Abraham, 131.
+  Elizabeth, 265.
+  Emily, 120.
+  Frederick Philipse, 130.
+  Gertrude, 118.
+  Isaac, 118.
+  Louisa A., 270.
+  Margaret Philipse, 130.
+  Mary Marston, 130, 131, 269.
+  Maud Campbell, 183, 270, 271, 307, 362.
+  Nicholas, 118, 127, 256.
+  Rose de Chine, 309, 346.
+  Ruth Monroe, 288, 320, 390.
+  Samuel, 130.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 130, 131.
+  Samuel L. (1), 193, 256-258, 261, 262, 264, 265, 272, 314, 315, 320.
+  Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (first wife, Maria Hester Monroe), 47, 109, 256,
+    257, 259, 260, 264.
+  Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (second wife, Mary Digges Lee), 256, 261, 262,
+    265.
+  Samuel L. (2), 25, 109, 115, 256, 259, 262-264, 267, 270-272, 275,
+    276, 282, 283, 285, 288, 290, 292, 294, 295, 300-303, 306-309, 312,
+    313, 316-320, 322, 323, 325, 328, 330, 332, 335, 350-353, 356, 364,
+    366, 370, 373, 389.
+  Mrs. Samuel L. (2), _Preface_, 25, 139, 206, 270, 271, 308, 344, 346,
+    347, 348, 362, 366.
+  Samuel Mongan Warburton, 269.
+
+"Gouverneur and Kemble," 48, 118.
+
+Gower, Ronald, 228.
+
+Grabow, von, Guido, 233, 266.
+  The Baroness, 233.
+
+Graham, George, 213.
+  Mrs. George, 213.
+  John, 213.
+
+Granger, Adele, 139.
+  Delia W., 370.
+  Francis, 138.
+  Gideon, 138.
+
+Grant, Frederick, 374.
+  Nellie, 356, 366.
+  Ulysses S., 152, 232, 254, 319, 349, 350, 351, 352, 355, 356, 361,
+    365, 370, 372, 373, 376, 381.
+  Mrs. Ulysses S., 355.
+
+Gray, John F., 133.
+
+Greeley, Horace, 225, 350, 351, 352, 355, 356.
+
+Greely, Adolphus W., 214, 391.
+  Mrs. Adolphus W., 214, 391.
+
+Green, Alice, 370.
+  John, 370.
+  Thomas, 240.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 240.
+
+Greenhow, Robert, 220.
+  Mrs. Robert, 177, 218, 220, 221, 222.
+  Rose, 220.
+
+Greenwood, Grace, 377.
+
+Greig, John, 39, 138.
+
+Griffin, William Preston, 205.
+  Mrs. William Preston, 52, 205.
+
+Griffith, Arabella, 184.
+  George, 92.
+  Philip, 222, 224.
+
+Grinnell, Cornelia, 160.
+
+"Grinnell, Minturn and Co.," 133.
+
+Guiteau, Charles J., 390.
+
+Gurowski, Adam, 177, 246-250.
+  Ignatius, 249, 250.
+  Ladislas, 246.
+
+Guthrie, James, 178, 266, 286.
+
+Gwin, William McKendree, 276, 278.
+  Mrs. William McKendree, 276.
+
+
+Habersham, Joseph (1), 57.
+  Joseph (2), 57.
+  Josephine, 57.
+  William Neyle, 57, 335.
+  Mrs. William Neyle, 57, 335.
+
+Haight, Mrs. Richard K., 155.
+
+Haldane, Mary, 358.
+
+Hale, Eugene, 368.
+
+Halleck, Henry W., 317, 318.
+
+Hallett, Hughes, 286.
+  Mrs. Hughes, 286.
+
+Halliday, Edward C., 388.
+  Mrs. Edward C., 388, 389.
+
+Hamilton, Alexander (1), 78, 108, 109, 257, 274, 380.
+  Mrs. Alexander (1), 193, 197, 287.
+  Alexander (2), 38.
+  Mrs. Alexander (2), 38.
+  Angelica, 108.
+  Gail, 374, 385.
+  James A., 38, 257.
+  Mrs. James A., 38.
+  John A., 175.
+  John C., 30, 36, 109.
+  Mrs. John C., 22.
+  Laurens, 109.
+  Molly, 96.
+  Philip, 108.
+  Schuyler, 105.
+  Mrs. Schuyler, 105, 365.
+
+Hammersley, Gordon, 154.
+  Mrs. Gordon, 154.
+  John, 154, 246.
+  Louis, 154.
+  Mrs. Louis, 154.
+  Thomas, 90.
+
+Hammond, George, 276.
+
+Hardee, William J., 120, 121, 125, 126, 266.
+
+Hardey, Madame Mary Aloysia, 59.
+
+Harod, Charles, 207.
+  Mary Williamson, 207.
+
+Harper, Emily, 101, 103, 246, 251, 265.
+
+Harper, Robert Goodloe, 101.
+  Mrs. Robert Goodloe, 101.
+  Walter, 175.
+
+Harrison, Augustus Joseph Francis, 307.
+  Benjamin, 274, 357.
+  Mrs. Henry, 368.
+  William Henry, 138, 201, 356.
+
+Hasbrouck, Henry C., 133.
+  Maria, 133.
+  William C., 133.
+  Mrs. William C., 133.
+
+Havens, Benny, 121-123.
+
+Haviland, John Von Sonntag, 277.
+
+Hawks, Francis L., 86, 87, 250.
+
+Hawley, Joseph R., 361.
+  Mrs. Joseph R., 361.
+  William, 257, 258.
+
+Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 157.
+
+Hay, George, 29, 258.
+  Mrs. George, 29, 258.
+  Sophie, 50, 51.
+
+Hayes, Rutherford B., 151, 367, 381-383, 387.
+  Mrs. Rutherford B., 383.
+
+Hayne, Mr., 281.
+
+Hazard, John, 1-3, 5, 18.
+  Mrs. John ("Nancy"), 6.
+  Jonathan, 2.
+  Maria, 132.
+  Mary Ann, 18.
+  Theodore E., 387.
+
+"Heard (Augustus) and Company," 293, 308.
+
+Hearst, George, 391.
+  Mrs. George (Phoebe), 391.
+  William R., 391.
+
+Heckscher, Richard, 146.
+  Mrs. Richard, 146.
+
+Heiskell, Henry Lee, 265.
+  Mrs. Henry Lee, 265.
+  James Monroe, 265, 319.
+
+Hellen, Mary, 214, 281, 282.
+
+Henry, Joseph, 359, 360.
+  Mrs. Joseph, 359.
+  Patrick, 142.
+
+Heth, Henry, 121.
+  Joice, 162.
+
+Heyward, Edward, 35.
+
+Hibbard, Mr., 262.
+
+Hicks, Henry W., 111, 117.
+
+"Hicks and Company," 117.
+
+Higginson, Francis J., 358.
+  Mrs. Francis J., 358.
+
+Hilgard, Theodore E., 387.
+  Mrs. Theodore E., 387.
+
+Hill, Clement C., 199.
+  Mrs. Clement C., 199, 372.
+  Ellen Ann, 368.
+
+Hilton, Henry, 17.
+
+Hinckley, Mrs. Samuel L., 81.
+
+Hinsdale, Horace, 35.
+
+Hoes, Roswell Randall, 346.
+  Mrs. Roswell Randall, _Preface_, 346.
+
+Hoff, William Bainbridge, 387.
+
+Hoffman, Charles F., 268, 269.
+  Mrs. Charles F., 269.
+  Charles W., 385.
+  Eugene A., 268.
+  Josiah Ogden, 128.
+  Matilda, 128.
+  Ogden, 43.
+  Mrs. Ogden, 44.
+
+"Hoffman and Seaton," 48.
+
+Hogan, Frances, 354.
+  William, 354.
+
+Hogarth, William, 2.
+
+Holly, Mrs. Hamilton, 108, 193, 274, 287.
+
+Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 245.
+
+Holt, Joseph, 341-344, 346-348.
+
+Hone, John, 34.
+  Philip, 30, 34.
+
+Hopkins, Louise, 375.
+  Samuel Miles, 12.
+
+Hornsby, Isham, 286.
+  Mrs. Isham, 286.
+
+Horsey, Outerbridge, 314.
+
+Hortense, Queen, 29.
+
+House, Crissie, 331.
+  The Misses, 331.
+
+Houston, Sam, 198, 199.
+  Mrs. Sam (first wife, Eliza Allen), 198.
+  Mrs. Sam (second wife, Margaret Moffette), 199.
+
+Howard, Henry George, 106.
+  Mrs. Henry George, 106.
+
+Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, 53.
+
+Howells, William Dean, 392.
+
+Howland, Gardiner G., 239.
+  Mrs. Gardiner G., 239.
+
+Hoyt, Goold, 196.
+  Mrs. Goold, 196.
+  Hannah, 269.
+
+Hoyt, Henry Shaeffe, 15, 132.
+  Mrs. Henry Sheaffe, 15, 132.
+  Jesse, 31, 32, 33.
+
+Huc, Evariste Regis, 288.
+
+Hughes, John, 59, 88, 89, 104-106.
+
+Hull, Amos G., 133.
+
+Hulsemann, John George, 231.
+
+Humboldt, von, Alexander, 232, 245, 289.
+
+Hunt, Ward, 367.
+  Mrs. Ward, 367.
+  Mrs. Ridgely, 44.
+
+Hunter, David, 326.
+
+
+Iglehart, James, 304.
+
+Ingersoll, Colin M., 223.
+
+Ingle, Osborne, 328.
+
+Inglis, Fanny, 233.
+  Lydia, 233.
+
+Irving, Leslie, 185, 186.
+  Pierre Paris, 40.
+  Mrs. Pierre Paris, 40.
+  Sanders, 174.
+  Mrs. Sanders, 174, 370.
+  Washington, 40, 63, 127, 128, 129.
+
+Iselin, Adrian, 51.
+  Isaac, 51, 52.
+
+Izard, Ralph, 100.
+
+
+Jackson, Andrew, 4, 30, 70, 161, 189, 191, 207, 215, 244, 257, 279, 280,
+    282, 358, 359, 390.
+  Benjamin L., 175.
+  Luther, 29.
+  Thomas J. ("Stonewall"), 327.
+
+James II., 7.
+
+James, Edward, 167.
+  Mrs. Julian, 392.
+
+"Jardine and Matthewson," 306.
+
+Jauncey, Jane Mary, 78.
+
+Jay, Elizabeth Clarkson, 58.
+  John, 58, 379.
+  Peter Augustus, 58, 165, 204.
+  Mrs. Peter Augustus, 204, 214.
+
+Jefferson, Maria, 339.
+  Martha, 357.
+  Thomas, 57, 72, 97, 138, 142, 339, 357, 380, 381, 390.
+
+Jeffrey, Alexander, 370.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 370.
+
+Jeffrey, Jennie, 14.
+
+Jennings, Sarah, 154.
+
+Jesup, Thomas S., 258.
+
+Jewell, Miss, 374.
+
+Johnson, Alexander B., 148.
+  Mrs. Alexander B., 148, 150.
+  Andrew, 342, 343, 345, 347-349.
+  Bradley T., 319, 320, 321.
+  George, 142.
+  Joseph E. ("Joe"), 326.
+  Joshua, 279.
+  Louisa Catharine, 279, 332.
+  Samuel, 80, 84.
+  Thomas, 236, 279, 331.
+  Mrs. William Clarkson, 200.
+  William Crawford, 320.
+
+Johnston, Mrs. Harriet Lane, 286.
+  Mrs. Henry Elliott, 285.
+  James M., 369.
+  Mary B., 369.
+  William P., 368.
+
+Joinville, de, Prince, 83.
+
+Jones, David S., 15.
+  Dr., 262.
+  Mrs. Gore, 374.
+  Isaac, 153.
+  Mrs. Isaac, 153.
+  John P., 376.
+  Mary Anna Schuyler, 60.
+  Roger, 195, 283.
+  Samuel, 58, 60.
+  Madame Sarah, 58-60.
+  Virginia Collins, 255.
+  Walter, 255.
+
+Joseph II., of Austria, 34.
+
+Judd, Gerrit P., 171, 173.
+  Samuel, 36.
+
+
+Kane, De Lancey, 37, 39.
+  Mrs. De Lancey, 39, 74.
+  John, 39.
+  Lydia, 37, 162, 168.
+  Sarah, 39.
+
+Kantzow, de, Frederick, 163.
+  The Baroness, 163.
+
+Kean, Christine, 52, 205.
+  John, 187.
+  Peter Philip James, 205.
+
+Kearny, Mrs. Diana Bullitt, 165, 238.
+  Edward, 165.
+  Mary, 163.
+
+Kearny, Nancy, 163.
+  Philip (1), 163-165.
+  Mrs. Philip (1), 164.
+  Philip (2), 116, 163, 165, 175, 238.
+  Mrs. Philip (2), 163, 238, 239, 348.
+  Virginia De Lancey, 44.
+
+Keating, Miss, 374.
+
+Keats, John, 80.
+
+Keefer, C. H., 350.
+
+Kellogg, Frances, 216.
+  Julia, 216.
+  Sanford C., 276.
+
+Kemble, Charles, 84.
+  Ellen, 119.
+  Fanny, 15, 84-86, 124.
+  Gouverneur, 24, 80, 119, 123-127, 129, 130, 256, 268, 338.
+  Margaret, 124.
+  Margaret Tillotson, 73, 118.
+  Mary, 118, 119.
+  Peter, 118.
+  Mrs. Peter, 118.
+  Richard Frederick, 120.
+  Mrs. Richard Frederick, 120.
+  William, 73, 118, 119, 123, 129, 217, 268, 295.
+  Mrs. William, 119, 120, 185, 186, 271.
+
+Kemmerer, Joseph, 167.
+
+Kennedy, James C., 367.
+  Mrs. James C., 367.
+  Joseph C. G., 205.
+  Mrs. Joseph C. G., 205.
+  Thomas H., 58.
+  Mrs. Thomas H., 58.
+
+Kennon, Mrs. Beverly, 193.
+
+Kernan, Francis, 361.
+  Mrs. Francis, 361.
+  Miss, 361, 374.
+  Thomas, 361.
+
+Kerr, Mr., 281.
+
+Key, Francis Scott, 334.
+  Mrs. John, 370.
+
+Kidder, Jerome E., 266.
+
+Kilbourn, Miss, 374.
+
+King, Archibald Gracie, 15.
+  Mrs. Archibald Gracie, 15, 132.
+  Charles, 4, 46, 105.
+  Mrs. Charles, 105.
+  Charles B., 119.
+
+King, Charles C., 111.
+  Horatio, 376, 377.
+  Mrs. Horatio, 377.
+  John W., 64.
+  Mrs. John W., 64, 150.
+  Preston, 178, 349.
+  Rufus, 4, 279.
+
+Kingman, Eliab., 256, 272-274, 276.
+  Mrs. Eliab., 273.
+
+Kneeland, Samuel F., 17.
+
+Knox, John (1), 142.
+  John (2), 86, 180.
+  John, of Scotland, 86.
+
+Kortright, Hester, 256.
+  Lawrence, 256.
+
+Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 187, 246.
+
+Kossuth, Louis, 156, 157.
+
+Kourowski, Mr., 250.
+
+Kunkel, Jacob M., 328.
+  Mrs. Jacob M., 328.
+
+Kunze, Johann Christoff, 79.
+
+Kuroki, General, 250.
+
+
+Labitzky, Joseph, 167.
+
+Lafayette, de, Marquis, 1, 239.
+
+Lafitte, Jean, 207.
+
+La Fontaine, Jean, 53.
+
+Laight, Edward, 165.
+  Henry, 164.
+  Mrs. Henry, 164.
+
+Lamb, Charles, 80.
+
+Lane, Harriet, 285, 286.
+  James, 349.
+
+Langdon, John, 74.
+  Louisa, 39.
+  Walter, 73, 74.
+  Mrs. Walter, 73, 74.
+
+Lansdale, Philip, 304.
+
+Latimer, C. R., 174.
+
+Laughton, J. Scott, 233.
+
+Lawrence, James, 134.
+  John Tharp, 362.
+  Mrs. John Tharp, 362.
+  Mrs. Julia A. K., 362, 363.
+
+Leake, John G., 12, 116.
+
+Leary, Anna, 36.
+  James, 35.
+
+Lee, Mrs. Arthur, 340.
+  Fitzhugh, 383.
+  Frederick Graham, 118.
+  John, 262.
+  Mrs. John, 262.
+
+Lee, John F., 368.
+  Mrs. John F., 368.
+  Mary, 265.
+  Mary Digges, 256.
+  Robert E., 121, 126, 188, 208, 212, 213, 314, 316, 327.
+  Samuel Phillips, 368.
+  Thomas Sim, 256, 262.
+  William, 174.
+  Mr., 281.
+
+Leisler, Jacob, 131.
+
+Lemoine, Ponty, 52.
+  Mrs. Ponty, 52.
+
+L'Enfant, Pierre Charles, 205.
+
+Lenox, Robert, 49.
+
+Lente, Frederick D., 118.
+  Mrs. Frederick D., 118.
+
+Leopold I., 228.
+
+LeRoy, Caroline, 117.
+  Charlotte, 117.
+  Herman, 12.
+  Jacob R., 111, 116, 117.
+  Susan, 112.
+  Mrs. William, 186.
+
+Le Sage, Alain Rene, 66.
+
+Leupp, Miss, 5.
+
+Le Vert, Henry S., 371.
+  Mrs. Henry S., 370, 371.
+  Octavia Walton, 370.
+
+Lewis, John Vaughan, 375.
+
+Li Hung Chang, 306.
+
+Lincoln, Abraham, 46, 208, 219, 220, 274, 342, 356, 384.
+
+Ling Kein (Mandarin), 295, 296.
+
+Lippincotts, the publishers, 335.
+
+Lipton, Thomas, 167.
+
+Lispenard, Alice, 13.
+
+Livingston, Angelica, 38.
+  Estelle, 116, 166.
+  John Swift, 111, 116, 166, 167.
+  Johnston, 167.
+  Margaret, 120.
+  Maria, 166.
+  Mary, 167.
+  Maturin, 38, 167.
+  Mrs. Maturin, 167.
+  Peter Van Brough, 187.
+  Philip, 69, 101, 142.
+  Robert Edward, 64.
+  Robert R. (Chancellor), 120.
+  Robert R. (Judge), 120.
+  Susan, 187.
+
+Lomax, Ann Corbin, 240.
+  Mann Page, 240, 241.
+  Virginia, 240.
+
+Longfellow, Henry W., 13, 244.
+
+Lord, Daniel, 137, 295.
+  Phoebe, 137.
+
+Lorillard, Jacob, 79.
+  Mrs. Jacob, 79.
+  Julia, 79.
+
+Louis XIV., 276, 389.
+
+Louis XVI., 3.
+
+Lowndes, William Jones, 279.
+
+Ludlow, Augustus C., 134.
+  Mary, 134.
+  Thomas W., 111, 117.
+
+Lumley-Savile, John, 228.
+
+Luquer, Lynch, 82.
+  Nicholas, 82.
+  Mrs. Nicholas, 82.
+
+Lynch, Adelaide, 24.
+  Anne C., 158.
+  Dominick, 53, 81, 82.
+  Mrs. Eugene H., 262.
+  Henry, 21.
+  James, 24.
+  John A., 331.
+  Mrs. John A., 331.
+  Mary, 21.
+
+Lyon, James, 24, 201.
+
+
+Macalister, Lily, 232.
+
+Macfarland, Henry B. F., 357.
+  Mrs. Henry B. F., 357.
+
+Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, 91, 92, 93.
+
+Macmaster, Anne, 111.
+
+MacNeil, Elizabeth, 64, 255.
+  Fanny, 255.
+  John, 64, 255.
+
+Macomb, Alexander, 163, 279, 363, 388.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 116.
+  Alexander S., 163, 165.
+  Mrs. Alexander S., 163-165.
+
+Macready, William C., 82.
+
+McAllister, Ward, 136, 276.
+
+McClellan, George B., 200.
+  Lucy, 7.
+
+McCorquodale, Mr., 168.
+
+McCullough, John E., 364.
+
+McDonnel, D. N., 34.
+
+McElroy, John, 332.
+  Mrs. John E., 390.
+
+McEvers, Charles, Jr., 111, 117.
+  Mary, 117, 166.
+
+McGill, John Thomas, 326.
+  Mrs. John Thomas, 326.
+
+McKay-Smith, Alexander, 374.
+  Mrs. Alexander, 374.
+
+McKee, Joseph, 53.
+
+McKim, Mr., 280.
+
+McKnight, James, 216.
+
+McLane, Allan, 358.
+  Anne, 358.
+  Mrs. John R., 364.
+
+McLeod, Mr., 233.
+  Mrs., 233, 234.
+
+McPherson, Mrs. John ("Fannie"), 328, 331, 332.
+  Robert G., 324.
+  Mrs. Robert G., 324.
+
+McTavish, Alexander S., 105.
+  Charles Carroll, 103, 104, 106.
+  Mrs. Charles Carroll, 106, 107, 194.
+  Emily, 106.
+  Mary, 106.
+  Mary Wellesley, 106.
+
+McVickar, John, 14.
+
+M'Dougall, Peter, 142.
+
+M'Gregor, John, 142.
+
+Madison, James, 47, 72, 101, 138, 219, 241, 279, 282.
+  Mrs. James ("Dolly"), 47, 178, 197, 218, 219, 324.
+
+Magruder, George A., 211.
+  Helen, 211.
+  John B., 182, 208-211.
+
+Mahan, Alfred T., 123.
+  Dennis H., 123.
+
+Maitland, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Malibran, Madame, 81.
+
+Manning, Daniel, 34.
+
+Marble, Manton, 382.
+
+Marcoleta, de, Jose, 235.
+
+Marcy, Cornelia, 198, 266.
+  William L., 30, 138, 177, 178, 195, 198, 229, 266, 284.
+  Mrs. William L., 178, 266.
+
+Marini, Lewis G., 373, 374.
+
+Mariscal, Madame, 374.
+
+Markoe, Francis S., 218.
+
+Marlborough, Duke of, 154.
+  Duchess of, 154.
+
+Marquand, Frederick, 35.
+  Henry G., 35.
+
+Marshall, Emily, 274.
+  John, 279.
+
+Marston, Nathaniel, 131.
+  Mrs. Nathaniel, 131.
+
+Martin, Mr. (of Jamaica, N.Y.), 6.
+
+Marvel, Ik, 159.
+
+Marx, Henry Carroll, 161.
+
+Mary, Queen of Scots, 86.
+
+Mason, Betty, 212.
+  Emily Virginia, 212, 213, 257.
+  Florence, 212.
+  James M., 212.
+  John, 153, 154.
+  John M., 142.
+  John T., 212.
+  Matilda, 212.
+  Miss, of New York, 112.
+  Stevens Thompson, 212.
+  Mrs. Thomson F. ("Colross"), 212.
+
+Masters, Josiah, 64.
+
+Masters, Margaret, 64.
+
+Maulsby, William P., 328.
+  Mrs. William P., 328.
+
+Maury, Matthew F., 207-210.
+  Mrs. Matthew F., 208.
+
+Maximilian, Archduke, 208, 278, 370.
+
+Maxwell, Charles Duval, 369.
+  Hugh, 44, 265.
+
+Maynadier, William, 363.
+  Mrs. William ("Sallie"), 362, 363.
+
+Maynard, Edward, 196.
+
+Mayo, Edward, 105.
+  Mrs. Edward, 105.
+  John, 180, 181.
+  Mrs. John, 180.
+  Maria D., 180, 181.
+  Robert, 188, 189, 191, 192.
+  William Starbuck, 188.
+  Mrs. William Starbuck, 188.
+
+Meade, George G., 316.
+  Richard W., 120.
+
+Medhurst, Walter H., 293, 303.
+
+Meikleham, David Scott, 357.
+  Mrs. David Scott (Septimia Randolph), 357.
+
+Mercer, William Swann, 215.
+  Mrs. William Swan, 215.
+
+Meredith, Emma, 238, 239.
+  Jonathan, 238.
+
+Messinger, Daniel, 167, 168.
+  Mrs. Daniel, 168.
+
+Messinger, Thomas H., 167.
+
+Milledoler, Philip, 180.
+
+Miller, Charles Dudley, 150.
+  Mrs. Charles Dudley, 150.
+  Thomas, 255.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 255.
+  William Starr, 111, 117.
+
+Mills, Clark, 244.
+
+Milne, Mr., 293, 302.
+
+Mimmack, Bernard P., 359.
+  Mrs. Bernard P., 359.
+
+Minus, Hetty, 98.
+  Philippa, 98.
+
+Mitchell, Donald G., 159.
+  S. Weir, 373.
+  Samuel L., 10.
+
+Moffette, Margaret, 199.
+
+Monroe, Bettie, 265.
+  Columbus, 214.
+  Eliza, 29, 258.
+  Fannie, 114, 262.
+  James, 29, 44, 77, 101, 108, 109, 123, 142, 174, 177, 206, 213, 215,
+    256, 257, 263, 264, 267, 276, 279, 282, 285, 317, 332, 335, 357,
+    363, 366, 379, 380.
+  Mrs. James, 77, 258, 264.
+  James (nephew of President), 114.
+  Mrs. James, 111, 114.
+  Maria Hester, 256-258, 363.
+  Mr. 281.
+
+Montauban, Charles, 307.
+
+Montgomery, Richard, 120.
+  Mrs. Richard, 120.
+
+Moore, Benjamin, 10, 102, 130.
+  Clement C., 105, 130, 131.
+  Maria Theresa, 102.
+  Theresa, 105.
+  Thomas, 81.
+  William (1), 130, 185.
+  William (2), 130.
+  Mrs. William (2), 130.
+
+Mordecai, Alfred, 125.
+
+Morgan, John Hunt, 319.
+  Mr., 281.
+
+Morpeth, Lord, 146.
+
+Morris, Charles, 200, 279.
+  Charles W., 93.
+  Charlotte, 120.
+  Emily, 39.
+  Gouverneur (1), 226, 307, 380.
+
+Morris, Mrs. Gouverneur (1), 226.
+  Gouverneur (2), 165.
+  James, 120.
+  Lewis, 226.
+  Rebecca, 369.
+  Robert, 38, 313.
+  Roger, 131.
+  Mrs. Roger, 131.
+  Sarah, 52.
+  Thomas, 30, 38, 39, 93.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 39.
+  Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Mosby, John S., 319.
+
+Motley, John Lothrop, 171.
+
+Mott, Valentine, 83.
+
+Munro, John, 142.
+  Seaton, 275, 276, 373.
+
+Murray, Charles Augustus, 141.
+  Mrs. Charles Augustus, 141.
+  John (Lord Dunmore), 141.
+  Virginia, 142.
+
+Murat, Achille, 337.
+  Madame Achille, 337, 338, 339.
+  Joachim, 337.
+
+Muse, William S., 386.
+
+Myers, Theodorus Bailey, 392.
+
+
+Napier, Lord, 276.
+
+Napoleon I., 337, 338.
+  III., 209, 258, 278, 307, 338.
+
+Nau, Madame, 51.
+
+Neil, Robert Elkin, 367.
+  Mrs. Robert Elkin, 367.
+
+Neilson, Anthony Bleecker, 155, 168.
+  Bleecker, 155.
+  Elizabeth Coles, 168.
+  William, 155.
+
+Newcomb, Simon, 360.
+
+Newell, George, 178, 229.
+
+Nicholas I., of Russia, 78.
+
+Nicholson, Mrs. Augustus S., 258.
+
+Niemcewicz, Julian, 187.
+
+Ning Ping (a Chinese servant), 295-297.
+
+Noah, Mordecai Manasseh, 46.
+
+Norris, Basil, 363.
+  William H., 92.
+
+Norton, John Hatley, 370.
+  Mrs. John Hatley (Louisa Key), 370.
+
+Nott, Eliphalet (1), 305.
+  Eliphalet (2), 305.
+  Mrs. Eliphalet (2), 305.
+
+Nourse, Charles J. (1), 118, 271.
+  Charles J. (2), 271.
+  Charles Josephus, 369.
+  Mrs. Charles Josephus, 369.
+
+
+O'Brien, Lucius, 121, 122.
+
+O'Conor, Charles, 52, 59, 60, 83, 92, 153, 334.
+
+O'Donnell, Charles Oliver, 314.
+  Mrs. Charles Oliver, 314.
+  Columbus, 314.
+
+O'Neal, Peggy, 359.
+
+O'Neill, Ellen Elizabeth, 218.
+  Rose, 218.
+
+O'Sullivan, John L., 48.
+
+Ogilvie, John, 131.
+  Mrs. John, 131.
+
+Olcott, Mrs. J. Van Vechten, 269.
+
+Oliver, Emily, 102.
+  Robert Shaw, 367.
+  Mrs. Robert Shaw, 367.
+
+"Olyphant and Company," 155, 292.
+
+Olyphant, Robert Morrison, 292.
+  Mrs. Robert Morrison, 292.
+
+Onderdonk, Benjamin T., 371.
+  Henry M., 371.
+  Mrs. Henry M., 371.
+  Justine Bibby, 371.
+
+Opie, Mrs. Amelia, 66.
+
+Orleans, Duke of, 39.
+
+Ossoli, Giovanni Angelo, 158.
+  The Marchionesse, 158.
+
+Otis, Harrison Gray, 111, 274, 279.
+  Mrs. Harrison Gray, 274.
+  James W., 60, 111.
+  Miss, of New York, 112.
+  Sally, 60, 111.
+
+Owen, John, 2.
+  Sarah, 2.
+
+
+Paganini, Nicolo, 196.
+
+Paine, "Dolly," 219.
+  Frederick H., 386.
+  Thomas, 379, 380.
+  Todd, 219.
+
+Palmer, Aulick, 387.
+  Frances Hailes, 188.
+  Innis N., 121.
+
+Palmer, James S., 266.
+
+Palmerston, Lord, 227.
+
+Paris, de, Comte, 25.
+
+Parker, Mrs. Charles Maverick, 155.
+  Theodore, 158.
+
+Parmly, Eleazer, 28.
+
+Parrott, Robert P., 119, 125-127.
+  Mrs. Robert P., 119, 124, 126, 268.
+
+Parsons, William H., 309.
+  Mrs. William H., 309.
+
+Partington, Ike, 277.
+  Mrs., 277.
+
+Patterson, Carlisle P., 204.
+  Mrs. Carlisle P., 204, 214.
+  Daniel T., 207.
+  Miss, 374.
+
+Patton, John B., 220.
+  Mrs. John B., 220.
+
+Paulding, James K., 119, 129.
+
+Pauline, Princess, 338.
+
+Payne, Thatcher T., 53.
+
+Peabody, Andrew P., 171.
+  Elizabeth P., 158.
+
+Pearson, Anna, 214.
+  Eliza, 204.
+  Joseph, 204.
+  Josephine, 204, 214.
+
+Pegram, George Herbert, 183.
+
+Pelikao, de, Comte, 307.
+
+Pemberton, Mr., 290.
+
+Pendleton, Edmund, 111.
+  Mrs. Edmund, 266.
+  Edward, 238.
+  Mrs. Edward, 238.
+  John, 185, 186.
+
+Penniman, James F., 36.
+
+Pennington, Mary, 96.
+  William, 96.
+
+Perkins, Hamilton, 373.
+
+Perry, Augustus, 175.
+  Caroline Slidell, 95, 165.
+  Matthew C., 95.
+  Mrs. Matthew C., 95.
+  Sarah, 165.
+  Thomas, 175.
+
+Pettigru, James L., 98.
+  Mrs. James L., 98.
+
+Phelps, Seth Ledyard, 376.
+
+Philip, Mrs. William Henry, 389.
+
+Philippe, Louis, 39, 51, 78, 83.
+
+Philips, Frederick, 130, 131.
+  Mary, 130.
+
+Philipse, Adolphus, 131.
+  Catharine Wadsworth, 131.
+  Frederick, 130, 131, 268, 269.
+  Mrs. Frederick, 131.
+  Margaret, 131.
+  Margaret Gouverneur, 131.
+  Mary, 131.
+  Philip, 131.
+  Mrs. Philip, 131.
+
+Phillips, Elizabeth, 389.
+  Philip, 221.
+  Mrs. Philip, 221, 222.
+  Wendell, 99, 171, 172, 251.
+
+Phoenix, John, 282.
+
+Picken, Andrew, 8, 9.
+  Mrs. Andrew, 9.
+
+Pickering, Timothy, 57.
+
+Picot, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Pierce, Franklin, 102, 103, 171, 195, 227, 251, 252, 255, 286.
+  Mrs. Franklin, 255.
+  Martha, 63.
+  Sarah, 4.
+  The Misses, 280, 282.
+
+Pierpont, John, 377.
+
+Pierrepont, Edwards, 342.
+
+Pike, Albert, 371.
+
+Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 100.
+  Thomas, 100.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 100.
+
+Pise, Charles Constantine, 88, 89.
+
+Pleasanton, Mr., 281.
+
+Poe, Edgar Allan, 14, 64.
+
+Poinsett, Joel Roberts, 100.
+  Mrs. Joel Roberts, 100.
+
+Polk, James K., 138, 171, 177, 182, 195, 372.
+  Mrs. James K., 182.
+
+Poore, Ben Perley, 272, 276.
+
+Pope, Alexander, 80.
+
+Porter, Andrew, 220.
+  Mrs. Andrew, 220.
+  David, 259, 279.
+  David D., 174, 207, 259.
+  John K., 390.
+
+Post, Catharine Wadsworth, 131.
+
+Potter, Chandler E., 255.
+  Mrs. Chandler E., 255.
+
+Potts, George, 328.
+  Richard M., 328.
+
+Powell, Thomas, 134.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 134.
+
+Powers, Hiram, 197.
+
+Preston, Wickliffe, 370.
+
+Price, Cicero, 154.
+  Lilly Warren, 154.
+  Stephen, 81, 82, 95.
+
+Proctor, Redfield, 355.
+
+"Purden and Company," 290.
+
+Pyne, Smith, 195, 196, 265.
+
+
+Raasloff, Waldemar Rudolph, 235, 248.
+
+Racine, Jean, 29.
+
+Rainsford, Mr., 185.
+
+Ramsay, Francis M., 282.
+  George Douglas, 214, 231, 235, 236, 281, 282.
+  Mrs. George Douglas, 214.
+
+Randall, Thomas, 339.
+
+Randolph, Anne Cary, 226.
+  Thomas Jefferson, 352.
+  Thomas Mann, 357.
+  Mrs. Thomas Mann, 357.
+
+Rantoul, Robert, 245.
+
+Rathbone, Julia, 367.
+
+Ray, Cornelia, 105.
+  Robert, 105.
+  Mrs. Robert, 105.
+
+Raymond, Henry J., 46.
+
+Read, George, 183.
+  John Meredith, 183.
+
+Redfern, Joseph, 176.
+
+Reid, George C., 386.
+  Whitelaw, 352.
+
+Relf, Richard, 58.
+
+Remington, Mrs. Thomas Pym, 186.
+
+Renwick, James, 14, 15, 21.
+  Mrs. James, 21.
+  Jane Jeffrey, 21.
+  William, 112, 142.
+
+Reynolds, Joshua, 80.
+
+Rhett, Charles H., 212.
+  Mrs. Charles H., 212.
+  Thomas G., 212.
+  Mrs. Thomas G., 212.
+
+Richardson, Samuel, 66.
+  William, 326, 327.
+  William A., 361, 365.
+  Mrs. William A., 361, 365.
+
+Richie, Lady, 129.
+
+Ricketts, Mrs. Frances Lawrence, 361-363.
+
+Ricketts, James B., 361.
+
+Riggs, George W., 353.
+
+Ringgold, Tench, 215.
+
+Ripley, George, 158.
+
+Ritchie, John, 326, 328.
+  Mrs. John, 326, 328.
+  Thomas, 171.
+
+Rives, William C., 38.
+  Mrs. William C., 38.
+
+Robertson, Beverly H., 319.
+
+Robeson, George M., 232, 361.
+  Mrs. George M., 361, 374.
+
+Robespierre, M. M. I., 380.
+
+Robinson, Douglas, 114, 262.
+  Mrs. Douglas, 262.
+
+Rochambeau, de, Count, 371.
+
+Roche, Regina M., 67.
+
+Rockwell, Almon F., 355.
+  Mrs. Almon F., 355.
+
+Rodgers, C. R. P., 95.
+  Mrs. C. R. P., 95.
+  John, 279.
+  Robert S., 165.
+  Mrs. Robert S., 165.
+
+Rodney, George B., 1.
+
+Roe, Emily Maria, 133.
+  Francis A., 346, 392.
+  Mrs. Francis A., 392.
+  Mary Elizabeth, 133.
+  Thomas Hazard, 133.
+  William, 132.
+  Mrs. William, 132.
+
+Rogers, John Leverett, 64.
+  Mrs. John Leverett, 64, 185.
+
+Roothan, John, 61.
+
+Ross, Fanny McPherson, 332.
+  Mrs. Worthington, 328, 332.
+
+Roulet, Mr., of New York, 52.
+
+Ruggles, Samuel B., 65, 144.
+
+Rumpff, Vincent, 75.
+  The Countess, 75.
+
+Rush, Benjamin, 279.
+
+"Russell and Company," 302.
+
+Russell, Ida, 266, 267.
+
+Ruturfurde (Rutherford), Walter, 142.
+
+
+Sairs, Mrs. Deborah, 96.
+
+Salles, Laurent, 118, 282.
+  Louise Stephanie, 118.
+
+Sandidge, John M., 277.
+
+Sands, Robert C., 45.
+
+Sanford, Henry, 244.
+
+Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez, 200, 201.
+  Madame Antonio Lopez, 374.
+
+Saracco, Pierro, 135.
+
+Sartiges, de, Eugene, 223, 224, 229.
+  The Comtesse, 229.
+
+Sartoris, Algernon, 356.
+
+Savage, John, 273.
+  Joseph, 176.
+
+Savile, Baron, 228.
+
+Savile-Lumley, John, 228.
+
+Sayre, Mrs. Isaac, 37.
+
+Scarborough, Earl of, 228.
+
+Scarlett, James York MacGregor, 211.
+
+Schenck, James F., 301, 303.
+
+Schenley, Edward W. H., 233, 234.
+
+Schermerhorn, Abraham, 111.
+
+Schley, Fairfax, 328.
+  Mrs. Fairfax, 328.
+  Winfield Scott, 391, 392.
+
+Schmidt, John William, 78.
+  Mrs. John William, 78.
+  Julia, 78.
+
+Schomberg, Emily, 286.
+
+Schroeder, Francis, 275.
+  Mrs. Francis, 275.
+  Seaton, 275.
+
+Schurz, Carl, 352.
+
+Schuyler, Mrs. Eugene, 46.
+  Philip, 117.
+
+Scott, Adeline Camilla, 186, 196.
+  Cornelia, 104, 180, 183, 184, 187, 194, 212.
+  Henry Lee, 105, 183, 194.
+  Mrs. Henry Lee, 194.
+  Marcella ("Ella"), 103, 104, 194.
+  Robert N., 357.
+  Mrs. Robert N., 357.
+  Virginia, 61-63, 106.
+  Walter, 80, 176, 357, 363.
+  Winfield, 61, 62, 103-105, 114, 122-124, 126, 134, 180, 181, 184,
+    186-188, 193-203, 205, 211, 238, 256, 265, 279, 286, 329, 349, 363.
+  Mrs. Winfield, 103, 105-107, 114, 160, 170, 180-184, 187, 188, 193,
+    194, 197, 201, 211.
+
+Scoville, George M., 390.
+
+Seabury, Samuel, 60.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 60.
+
+Seaton, Caroline, 275.
+  Gales, 275.
+  William Winston, 275.
+  Mrs. William Winston, 259.
+
+Sedgwick, Mr., of New York, 112.
+
+Selkirk, Alexander, 66.
+
+Semmes, J. Harrison, 176.
+
+Seth, Margaret Chatham, 119, 271.
+
+Sevigne, de, Madame, 179.
+
+Seward, Olive Risley, 376.
+  William H., 12, 174, 247, 248, 272.
+
+Seymour, Charles, 17.
+  Horatio, 149, 361.
+
+Shakespeare, William, 19, 71, 84.
+
+Sharp, Alexander (1), 355, 356.
+  Mrs. Alexander (1), 355, 356.
+  Alexander (2), 355.
+
+Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 65.
+
+Shelton, Helen K., 82.
+
+Shepherd, Alexander R., 353, 354.
+
+Sherman, William T., 313, 335, 350.
+
+Shiff, Eugene, 156.
+
+Shillaber, Benjamin P., 277.
+
+Shriver, Edward, 314.
+
+Shubrick, William B., 372.
+  Mrs. William B., 372.
+
+Shuster, William M., 175.
+
+Sinclair, John, 83.
+
+Skidmore, Lemuel, 23.
+  Martha, 23.
+
+Slidell, Jane, 95.
+  John (1), 58, 94, 95.
+  John (2), 91, 93-95.
+  Julia, 95.
+
+"Slidell, John, Jr., and Company," 95.
+
+Sloane, Samuel, 303.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 303.
+  William, 302, 303.
+
+Small, Elisha, 91.
+
+Smith, Augustine, 185.
+  Captain, 288, 291.
+  Edmund Hamilton, 375.
+  Mrs. Edmund Hamilton, 375.
+  Elizabeth, 150.
+  Gerrit, 150.
+  Mrs. Gerrit, 150.
+  Mrs. Hamilton, 370.
+  Mrs. Henrietta, 56.
+  Mrs. Henry William, 134.
+  James C., 375.
+  Mrs. Nathaniel, 146.
+
+Snead, Augustine, 385, 386.
+  Mrs. Fayette, 386.
+
+Somerville, William C., 182.
+
+Southard, Samuel L., 44, 279.
+  Virginia E., 44.
+
+Spaulding, James Reed, 46.
+
+Speed, James, 343-345, 347, 348.
+
+Spencer, John C., 91, 92.
+  Philip, 91, 92, 93.
+
+Spinner, Francis E., 218.
+
+Sprigg, Samuel, 215.
+
+Stanard, Robert Craig, 63.
+  Mrs. Robert Craig, 63, 64, 346.
+
+Stark, John, 74.
+
+Starkey, Thomas Alfred, 367.
+  Mrs. Thomas Alfred, 367.
+
+Stephens, Alexander H., 222, 223.
+
+Steptoe, Ann, 324.
+
+Steuart, Adam Duncan, 164.
+  Mrs. Adam Duncan, 163, 164.
+
+Steuben, Frederick William, 94.
+
+Stevens, John Austin, 146.
+  Mrs. John Austin, 146.
+  John C., 166, 167.
+  Mrs. John C., 166.
+  Lucretia Ledyard, 146.
+
+Stewart, Alexander T., 35.
+  Campbell F., 180.
+  Charles, 279.
+  Lispenard, 118.
+  Mrs. Lispenard, 118.
+  William M., 388.
+  Mrs. William M., 388.
+
+St. Memin, de, Comtesse, 51.
+
+Stockton, Francis B., 216.
+  Mrs. Francis B., 216.
+  Robert F., 373.
+
+Story, Joseph, 279.
+
+Stout, Edward C., 169.
+  Jacob, 75.
+  Julia, 169.
+  Minnie, 169.
+
+Strauss, Johann, 167.
+
+Strong, George W., 153.
+  Henry, 378.
+  William, 368.
+
+Strother, Sally, 242, 243, 265.
+
+Stuart, Alexander, 37.
+  David, 236.
+  Gilbert, 131.
+  James, 142.
+  Robert L., 37.
+  Virginia, 374.
+
+"Stuart, R. L. and A.," 37.
+
+Stubs, Alfred, 87.
+
+Stuyvesant, Helen, 188.
+  Nicholas William, 188.
+  Peter G., 188.
+
+Sullivan, George, 282.
+  Mrs. George, 280, 282.
+  James, 282.
+
+Sultan of Zanzibar, 304.
+
+Sumner, Charles, 178, 198, 241-244, 246, 247, 265.
+  George, 245.
+  Horace, 158.
+
+Surratt, Anna, 348.
+  Mrs. Mary E., 342-344, 348.
+
+Suydam, Hendrick, 3.
+
+Swearingen, Mrs. Sarah Henderson, 385.
+
+Swift, Dean, 80.
+
+Syng, William F., 214.
+  Mrs. William F., 214.
+
+
+Taglioni, Maria, 86.
+
+Tallmadge, Frederick S., 144.
+  Mrs. Frederick S., 144.
+  James, 78.
+  Mary, 78.
+
+Taney, Roger B., 218, 333, 334.
+
+Tardy, l'Abbe, 9.
+
+Target, F., 381.
+
+Tasistro, Louis Fitzgerald, 24, 25, 26.
+  Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, 24.
+
+Tayloe, Anne, 236.
+  Benjamin Ogle, 235, 281, 282.
+  Mrs. Benjamin Ogle, 47.
+  John, 235.
+  Virginia, 236.
+
+Taylor, Franck, 176.
+  Henry C., 176.
+  Zachary, 122, 152, 233.
+
+Tellkampf, John Louis, 17.
+
+Tenney, William I., 35.
+
+Thackeray, Anne Isabella, 129.
+  William M., 64, 128, 129, 245.
+
+Thayer, John E., 139.
+  Mrs. John E., 139.
+
+Thomas, George H., 216.
+  Mrs. George H., 216.
+  Mr., 281.
+  Philip F., 315-317.
+
+Thomson, Alexander, 142.
+
+Thompson, Smith, 279, 332.
+
+Thorburn, Grant, 19.
+
+Thorndike, Anna, 229.
+
+Thorne, Herman, 78.
+  Mrs. Herman, 78.
+
+Thornton, Edward, 374.
+  Lady Edward, 374.
+  Jane Washington Augusta, 387.
+  John, 387.
+  William, 236.
+
+Tilden, Samuel J., 178, 382.
+
+Tillary, James, 142.
+
+Tillotson, Robert Livingston, 120, 267.
+  Thomas, 120.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 120.
+
+Timberlake, John B., 359.
+  Mrs. John B., 296, 297.
+
+Ting Ting (Chinese cook), 296, 297.
+
+Tittmann, Otto H., 387.
+  Mrs. Otto H., 387.
+
+Tocqueville, de, Alexis, 245.
+
+Todd, Laurie, 20.
+
+Toler, Hugh A., 96.
+  Mrs. Hugh A., 96.
+
+Tothammer, Gubriel, 48.
+
+Toutant, Elodie, 54, 58.
+
+Tracy, Benjamin F., 274.
+
+Trail, Charles E., 328.
+  Mrs. Charles E., 328, 341.
+
+Travers, William R., 137.
+
+Trist, Nicholas P., 359.
+
+Trumbull, Lyman, 352.
+
+Tuckerman, Bayard, 34.
+  Mrs. Lucius, 4.
+
+Tupper, Martin Farquhar, 146.
+
+Turnbull, George, 142.
+  William, 195, 214.
+  Mrs. William, 214.
+
+Turner, Thomas, 186, 188.
+  Mrs. Thomas, 188.
+
+Tuyll, de, Theodore, 279.
+
+Twain, Mark, 392.
+
+Tyler, Elizabeth, 260.
+  John, 91, 94, 252-254, 260.
+  Robert, 94.
+  Mrs. Robert, 94.
+
+Tyng, Stephen H. (1), 87.
+  Stephen H. (2), 87.
+
+
+Ulrich, Mrs. Hannah, 176, 231.
+
+Upshur, John H., 265.
+  Mrs. John H., 265.
+
+
+Van Amringe, John Howard, 185.
+
+Van Buren, Abraham, 189.
+  Anna Vander Poel, 84.
+  John, 32, 33, 83, 84, 192.
+  Martin, 30-32, 69, 70, 100, 119, 124, 130, 161, 165, 188, 189, 192,
+    193, 251, 268, 282, 382, 390.
+  Smith, 192.
+
+Van Cortlandt, Augustus, 267.
+  Mrs. Augustus, 267.
+
+Van Hoesen, George M., 18.
+
+Van Rensselaer, Frank, 185.
+  Mrs. John King, 15, 132.
+  Philip S., 78.
+  Mrs. Philip S., 78.
+
+Van Karnabeek, A. P. C., 232.
+
+Van Ness, John P., 224.
+
+Vail, Aaron, 281, 282.
+  David M., 269.
+  Eleanor Louisa, 269.
+  Eugene, 281, 282.
+  Mrs. Eugene, 282.
+
+Vance, Mrs. Zebulon B., 347.
+
+Vanden Heuvel, Mrs. Charles, 313.
+  John C., 22, 36.
+  Justine, 36.
+  Susan Annette, 21, 36.
+
+Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 110.
+
+Vandeventer, Mr., 280.
+
+Vandyke, Anthony, 268.
+
+Varela, Felix, 89.
+
+Vermilye, Thomas E., 180.
+
+Vernon, Anna O., 292.
+  The Misses, 335.
+
+Verplanck, Mrs. David Johnstone, 270.
+  Gulian C., 30, 44, 45.
+  Louisa Verplanck, 271.
+
+Verren, Antoine, 90.
+
+Vertner, Rosa, 370.
+
+Victoria, Queen, 83, 84, 117, 139, 140.
+
+Villars, Marechal, 325.
+
+Vincent, Thomas N., 387.
+
+Vinton, Samuel Finley, 377.
+
+Vivans, Louis, 175.
+
+Voltaire, Francois M. A., 65.
+
+
+Waddell, James J., 303, 304.
+
+Waddington, Madam Kate King, 46.
+
+Wadsworth, Elizabeth, 141.
+  James, 141.
+  James S., 141.
+
+Wainwright, Henrietta, 214.
+  Richard, 214.
+  Robert D., 214.
+  Mrs. Robert D., 214.
+
+Walbach, John DeBarth, 304.
+  John J. B., 304.
+
+Walker, George, 67.
+
+Wallace, Susan, 183, 184.
+
+Wallis, Severn Teackle, 315.
+
+Walton, George (1), 371.
+  George (2), 371.
+  Octavia, 371.
+
+Ward, Artemus, 151, 282.
+  Elijah, 374.
+  Mrs. Elijah, 374.
+  Samuel, 53.
+  Mrs. Samuel, 53.
+
+Warfield, Miss, 374.
+
+Warner, Charles Dudley, 160.
+
+Warrington, Lewis, 279.
+
+Washington, Anna Louisa, 387.
+  Bushrod, 279.
+  George, 57, 74, 76, 131, 146, 147, 152, 162, 198, 236, 243, 267, 324,
+    332, 337, 370, 377, 379, 380, 387.
+  Littleton Quinton, 287.
+  Lund, 286.
+  Milicent, 324.
+  Peter Grayson, 266, 286, 287.
+  Samuel, 324.
+
+Watson, Andrew J., 169.
+
+Watts, Elizabeth, 164.
+  Essex, 165.
+  John, 12, 116, 163, 164.
+  Mary Justina, 164.
+  Ridley, 165.
+  Robert, 116, 164.
+  Susanna, 164.
+
+Wayne, Henry C., 214.
+  Mrs. Henry C., 214.
+  James M., 214.
+
+Webb, Catharine Louisa, 46.
+  James Watson, 36, 46.
+
+Webb, William Seward, 46.
+
+Webster, Daniel, 36, 117, 241, 245, 247, 279, 281.
+
+Weir, Robert S., 324.
+  Mrs. Robert S., 324.
+  Robert W., 123, 126.
+
+Weller, George J., 308.
+  Sam, 100.
+
+Wellesley, Marquis of, 106.
+  Marchionesse of, 106.
+
+Wellington, Duke of, 64, 194.
+
+West, Mary, 235.
+
+Wetmore, Prosper M., 257.
+
+Wheatley, Emma, 153.
+
+White, Augusta, 267.
+  Joseph M., 56.
+
+Whitten, Miss, of New York, 112.
+
+Whittier, John G., 125, 245, 327.
+
+Wickliffe, Margaret Anderson, 342.
+
+Wight, Ann G., 224.
+
+Wikoff, Chevalier Henry, 85.
+
+Wilcox, John A., 358.
+  Mrs. John A., 358, 359.
+  Mrs. Mary Donelson, 358.
+
+Wilde, Oscar, 358.
+
+Wilkes, Charles, 21, 91.
+  Mrs. Charles, 21.
+
+Wilkins, Gouverneur, 226.
+  Martin, 112.
+
+Wilks, Mrs. Matthew, 74.
+
+Willard, Caleb, 176.
+
+William, King of Prussia, 231.
+
+Williams, Eleazer, 250.
+  Robert, 220.
+  Mrs. Robert, 220.
+  S. Wells, 288.
+  Thomas, 105.
+  Mrs. William Wilberforce, 367.
+
+Willing, Mrs. Thomas M., 97.
+
+Willis, N. P., 159-161, 337, 356.
+  Mrs. N. P., 160.
+
+Williston, Ralph, 74.
+
+Wilson, George T., 15, 132.
+  Mrs. George T., 15, 132.
+  William, 217.
+
+Winans, Beatrice, 231.
+  Ross, 231.
+
+Winthrop, Henry R., 72.
+  Mrs. Henry R., 60, 72.
+  Mrs. John Still, 73, 145, 146, 335, 336.
+  John S., Jr., 146.
+  Robert C., 99, 139.
+  Mrs. Robert C., 99, 139, 141.
+  Sarah Bowdoin, 282.
+
+Wirt, William, 279.
+
+Wise, Henry A., 109.
+
+Wolcott, Oliver (1), 147.
+  Oliver (2), 4, 147, 313, 379.
+
+Wolfe, Udolpho, 109.
+
+Wood, Nina, 233.
+  Silas, 64.
+  Virginia Beverly, 64, 185.
+
+Woodhull, Maxwell, 214.
+  Mrs. Maxwell, 214.
+
+Worthington, Mrs. Charles, 224.
+  Eliza, 389.
+  Mrs. John Griffith, 389.
+
+Wright, Edward, 266.
+  Katharine Maria, 213, 266.
+  Silas, 349.
+  William, 213.
+
+Wyndham, Earl of, 9.
+
+
+Xavier, Francis, 297.
+
+
+Young, Notley, 236.
+
+Yturbide, de, Madame Alice, 370.
+  de, Angelo, 370.
+  de, Augustine, 370.
+
+
+Zeilin, Jacob, 386.
+  Miss, 374.
+  William F., 386.
+
+  +--------------------------------------------------------------+
+  | Transcriber's Notes                                          |
+  |                                                              |
+  | Page 7: Comberland amended to Cumberland                     |
+  | Page 11: distingushed amended to distinguished; Semminaries  |
+  | _sic_                                                        |
+  | Page 29: Hayti _sic_                                         |
+  | Page 52: Berault amended to Berault                          |
+  | Page 53: Venitian _sic_                                      |
+  | Page 75: Tuilleries amended to Tuileries                     |
+  | Page 76: racoon _sic_                                        |
+  | Page 80: "home Gouverneur Kemble" _sic_                      |
+  | Page 93: dintinguished amended to distinguished              |
+  | Page 123: eariler amended to earlier                         |
+  | Page 129: editon amended to edition                          |
+  | Page 155: strongely amended to strongly                      |
+  | Page 157: unsually amended to unusually; it amended to its   |
+  | ("Brook Farm had its origin....")                            |
+  | Page 185: Angustine amended to Augustine                     |
+  | Page 186: Bucknor's _sic_                                    |
+  | Page 227: Palmerson amended to Palmerston                    |
+  | Page 229: Goeffrey Boilleau amended to Geoffrey Boilleau     |
+  | Page 240: Fort Sumpter _sic_                                 |
+  | Page 244: Belguim amended to Belgium                         |
+  | Page 323: comanding amended to commanding                    |
+  | Page 372: Audenried amended to Audenreid                     |
+  | Page 380: af amended to of ("spirit of acrimony")            |
+  | Page 384: intercouse amended to intercourse                  |
+  | Page 395: Alfonzo amended to Alfonso                         |
+  | Page 396: Beaujoir amended to Beaujour; Giuseppi amended to  |
+  | Giuseppe                                                     |
+  | Page 398: Index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian T. Coffey      |
+  | removed and replaced by index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian  |
+  | J. Coffey.                                                   |
+  | Page 399: Daponte amended to Da Ponte                        |
+  | Page 405: Everiste amended to Evariste; Kantzou amended to   |
+  | Kantzow                                                      |
+  | Page 408: Marquard amended to Marquand; Isaiah Masten        |
+  | amended to Josiah Masters                                    |
+  | Page 409: Lathrop amended to Lothrop                         |
+  | Page 410: Palmerson amended to Palmerston                    |
+  | Page 414: Thackaray amended to Thackeray                     |
+  | Page 415: Louis Vavans (p. 175) has been indexed as Louis    |
+  | Vivans.                                                      |
+  |                                                              |
+  | Hyphenation has generally been standardized. However, when a |
+  | word appears hyphenated and unhyphenated an equal number of  |
+  | times, both versions have been retained (churchyard/         |
+  | church-yard; earrings/ear-rings; housewarming/house-warming; |
+  | lifelong/life-long; midday/mid-day; stateroom/state-room;    |
+  | transcontinental/trans-continental; warships/war-ships).     |
+  |                                                              |
+  | Accented letters have generally been standardized, unless    |
+  | different versions of the word appear an equal number of     |
+  | times (cortege/cortege; resistance/resistance).              |
+  +--------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur
+
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author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 02:38:18 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 02:38:18 -0700
commit	83ce7dd3acb708d2f96167ac2de0cabf52bafea5 (patch)
tree	166f4094e842831a11cb4baa2c74abefab681bc1