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You may copy it, + give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project + Gutenberg License <a href="#pglicense" class="tei tei-ref">included with this + eBook</a> or online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" class="tei tei-xref">http://www.gutenberg.org/license</a></p></div><pre class="pre tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em">Title: An Essay on the Antient and Modern State of Ireland + +Author: Henry Brooke + +Release Date: November 10, 2008 [Ebook #27226] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ESSAY ON THE ANTIENT AND MODERN STATE OF IRELAND*** +</pre></div> + </div> + <div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + + </div> + + <hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.73em"><span style="font-size: 173%">An Essay On The</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.73em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Ancient and Modern State</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.73em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Of Ireland</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">With the Various Important Advantages</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">Thereunto Derived,</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">under the auspicious Reign of His most sacred Majesty</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">King GEORGE the Second.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">Including a particular Account</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">of the great and glorious</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">St. Patrick</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">By</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style="font-size: 144%">Henry Brooke</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">Dublin: Printed</p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">London: Re-Printed</p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">for R. Griffiths.</p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">MDCCLX.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Contents</span></h1> + <ul class="tei tei-index tei-index-toc"><li><a href="#toc1">Dedication.</a></li><li><a href="#toc3">Essay.</a></li><li><a href="#toc5">The Farmer's Case Of The Roman-Catholics Of <span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span>.</a></li><li><a href="#toc7">Footnotes</a></li></ul> + </div> + </div> +<div class="tei tei-body" style="margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page003">[pg 003]</span><a name="Pg003" id="Pg003" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc1" id="toc1"></a> +<a name="pdf2" id="pdf2"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Dedication.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +TO +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Matthew M</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; vertical-align: super">c</span></span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">. Namara</span></span>, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">LIMERICK</span></span>, Esq; +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Counsellor</span></span> at LAW. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Justly sensible, Sir, how +sincerely You have the Character +and Esteem of our Native +Country at Heart, I take Leave +to offer to Your Perusal, and +commend to Your favourable Acceptance, +the following Sheets. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +What gave them Rise, was my happening, +some Time since, to have fallen into +Company with two or three sprightly young +Gentlemen, then just returned from their +Continental Rambles,—who—altho' little +burthened with the Religion, Laws, Learning, +Policy, Customs, Habits, Manners, or +Languages of any, or the several Countries +they had scampered thro', affected, nevertheless, +an high Contempt for this,—their +Native. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page004">[pg 004]</span><a name="Pg004" id="Pg004" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I listened with silent Indignation, and +determined to contribute my Mite towards +giving such unattentive, uninformed +Youths, a more adequate Idea of this Kingdom, +under its ancient and under its present +happy Establishment. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The common Accidents of Time must +lead them by better Authority to clearer +Knowledge: In the mean while, I profess +my Obligations to them, as they have given +me this Opportunity of declaring my Regard +to my Country in general, and the +particular Attachments that ever bind me, +in the strictest Sense of Fidelity and Esteem, +to a Friend so worthy as You have +been to, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Sir,<br /> +Your very obliged, and<br /> +Most obedient Servant. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page005">[pg 005]</span><a name="Pg005" id="Pg005" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc3" id="toc3"></a> +<a name="pdf4" id="pdf4"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Essay.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In a Nation, where almost every +Gentleman is better acquainted, and +more conversant, with the Nature +and Circumstances of other Countries +than those of his own, the +Publication of such Hints as may somewhat +contribute to remove so odd an Inattention, and +induce those far better qualified to render a Subject +so interesting some Justice, will not, I +hope, be deemed an Impertinence; in one especially +who, by this Essay, however feeble, hath +nothing beside the Honour and Advantage of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page006">[pg 006]</span><a name="Pg006" id="Pg006" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> in View, a Kingdom whereof he is, without +Vanity, proud of being a Native. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As the Story of Savages and Barbarians can +contain nothing instructive, or entertaining, the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Antemilesian</span></span> Inhabitants of this Land having +been mostly such, and all surviving Accounts +of them almost totally overcast with Fable, we +are therefore, in treating of the antient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotia</span></span>, or +modern <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, to refer principally to three +distinguished æras, whereof the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">first</span></em> is, its +being peopled by an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Iberian</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spanish</span></span> +Colony: The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">second</span></em>, truly glorious, the Arrival of St. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>, in his most salutary Mission: The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">third</span></em> +and last, its Cession to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Second, King +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, (the first of the Royal Race of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plantagenet</span></span>) partly from a pretended Title of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Adrian</span></span> the Fourth, Pope of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span>; partly +from the restless and insatiable Desires of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span>; +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> from the manifold Infirmities of the then reigning +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Chiefs—but above all, from the peculiarly +adverse Fate of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roderick</span></span>, the last of our +Kings. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The assiduous, exact, and candid Author of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertations</span></span>,<a id="noteref_1" name="noteref_1" href="#note_1"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span></a> lately published, on the Origin, +Government, Letters, Sciences, Religion, +Manners and Customs of the antient Inhabitants +of this Country, hath put all those Matters in +so clear and happy, and, at the same Time, in so +strong a Light, by the Powers of various foreign +Testimonies, of undeniable Authenticity, +coincident with our own, that scarce any Thing +new can be offered on the same Subject. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It may, however, in general be observed, +that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milesius</span></span>, a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spanish</span></span> Prince, so far +back as the Reign of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Solomon</span></span> (instigated by Necessity, +or induced by Ambition) with a considerable +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page007">[pg 007]</span><a name="Pg007" id="Pg007" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Number of Associates and Followers, +landed from the Western Parts of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spain</span></span>, on the +Southern Coasts of this Island, where it is probable +they met little, or but faint Opposition, +from wild and undisciplined Inhabitants. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Those People, from their early Knowledge +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Phœnician</span></span> Arts and Letters, imported +such Rudiments of Government and Learning, +as those primitive Times admitted; a Truth +visible from the Similarity or rather Identity of +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Phœnician</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotic</span></span> Alphabet. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This antient Colony quietly settled here, remote +from the Storms and Revolutions of the +greater World, and secured by Situation from +its hostile Incursions, there is no Doubt but the +Cultivation of Religion, Philosophy, Politicks, +Poetry, and Musick, became the chief Objects +of popular Study and Application: The Spirit +of Ambition in succeeding Ages, with its unhappy +concomitant Train of Sedition, Faction, +and Violence, the foreign Invasions, and often +the intestine Oppressions and Calamities, to +which our neighbouring Nations were subject, +calling forth the protective or conciliating Aids +of those ancient Heroes, made them great Masters +also in the Art military. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Pentarchy originally formed by those +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Iberian</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Celtic Spaniards</span></span>, with a +popular Right of Election, was certainly a Kind of Government +extremely consistent with the Essence and +Genius of true Liberty, and a System derived +from the Patriarchs themselves. For when the +various Necessities of Society required a Subordination, +together with some stated Maxims to +go by, to avoid the confused and promiscuous +Intercourse in a State of Nature; then did the +People elect the most Virtuous and Wise, to lead +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page008">[pg 008]</span><a name="Pg008" id="Pg008" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and conduct them in Times of War and Trouble; +to govern, inform, and protect them, in +milder and more auspicious Seasons. Then was +the Motto of the Crown, or of the chief Ensign +of Pre-eminence, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Digniori detur</span></span>, and so continued +till the Degeneracy of Time, and the +baneful Growth of Avarice and Pride, with the +feverish Lust of Power, perverted it to—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rapiat +Fortior</span></span>! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Such, thro' a long Succession of Ages, was +the Condition, and such at length the Fate of +this Kingdom, destroyed after a longer Continuance +than any other can boast, by the Abuse +of its own Powers; a sure Argument that all +created Beings, all sublunary Institutions, however +wisely composed, in the very Essence of +their Creation, and in the very Rudiments of +their Formation, comprehend, at the same Time, +the Seeds of Dissolution: Yet it is not more remarkable +than true, that in the most boisterous +Periods of this Kingdom's antient Establishment, +the Arts and Sciences, with the fundamental +Principles of Constitution, were preserved +and cherished with inviolable Assiduity. +The Priests, Philosophers, Advocates, Annalists, +Poets and Musicians, were obliged to preserve +Religion, political Wisdom, Law, History, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> +hereditarily in their respective Tribes, and to +educate in these different Branches the Chiefs +and Nobles of the Land, for which they were +graciously maintained in secure and splendid +Tranquillity: Those Sages attended the National +Conventions, where all publick Acts were religiously +recorded, and all Abuses of Power and +Government retrenched or reformed; nor were +they permitted, except in Case of extraordinary +Necessity, or uncommon Merit, to deviate from +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page009">[pg 009]</span><a name="Pg009" id="Pg009" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +their proper and primitive Spheres of Action: +Since, where an harmonious Subordination of +Rank and Order hath not been duly preserved, +even in free Estates, Liberty itself (wisely attempered, +the greatest of all social Blessings) +hath often, from Abuse and Neglect, sickened +into Licentiousness, the immediate lewd Mother +of Anarchy! In the visible Creation, the direct +Result of infinite Wisdom, the lesser Planets do +not interfere with, much less shock or oppose +the Motions and Revolutions of the greater; +they constantly keep the Distances first prescribed +them, and all move regularly to their +respective Ends. The most verdant and fragrant +Meadows may, from the too frequent Irruption +of muddy Waters, degenerate into +noxious Marshes, if some Care was not taken +to divert those impure Gushings into their proper +Channels. Hence it may be inferred, that +laying open the most honorary, as well as important +and useful Professions of Society, to the +Intrusion, or rather pyratical Invasions, of the +Scum and Dregs of the People, cannot, however +varnished over with the fictitious Colourings +of pretended Liberty, consist with true Political +Wisdom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Those ancient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sophi</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Literati</span></span> enjoyed +their Places with the greater Security, that they +were uninvadable by the inferior Classes of Mankind; +with the greater Content and Chearfulness, +that much Esteem and Emolument were +connected with them: The Priest and Advocate +informed and directed the Conscience and Conduct; +the Historian and Annalist recorded the +Institutions; the Poet and Musician celebrated +and sung the Exploits of their Kings and Leaders: +No Wonder then this Kingdom should +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page010">[pg 010]</span><a name="Pg010" id="Pg010" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have been revered at Home, and admired Abroad; +when Religion formed, Erudition nurtured, +Philosophy strengthened, History preserved, +Rhetorick adorned, Musick softened, +and Poesy refined, the National Wisdom and +Accomplishments; to all which was added, a +thorough Knowledge of Tactics, and great +Skill and Agility in all the athletick Arts, and +bodily Exercises. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the Versions of some original Codes exported +by our Countryman, the learned and +pious St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fiechry</span></span>, still extant in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Navarre</span></span> Library at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>, the +Constitutional Wisdom of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> appears in a clear and happy +Light: Persons, Things, Actions, and Expressions, +were cautiously attended to, by the Laws; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Persons</span></em>, +in their Minority, Youth, and Manhood, +according to their different Ranks in the State, +so as by Care, Education, and Discipline, to +render them, some subservient, others useful, +some beneficial, and others ornamental thereunto. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Things</span></em>, so carefully, as to prevent, by +prohibatory Laws, Wastes of whatsoever Kind, +and to ascertain to each Individual, as well as +Society, their proper and distinct Rights. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Actions</span></em>, +by directing those in general, and particular, +to the Honour of the Deity and Welfare +of the Community: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Expression</span></em>, by the penal +Interdiction of prophane Cursing and Swearing, +Obscenity, Scurrility, Calumny, and Detraction, +yet with a full Indulgence of proper Satire +against such as merited popular Reprehension, +or Contempt; the Satirist's Pen in those +Days being as much dreaded, or rather more +so, than the Magistrate's Rod, and consequently +as diligently avoided by a Demeanour absolutely +irreproachable. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page011">[pg 011]</span><a name="Pg011" id="Pg011" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It appeareth that, under the antient Government +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, the Education of the landed +Gentry, when Luxury, with its wasteful Catalogue +of Vices, had not rendered Property so +mutable and wavering as in modern Ages, +was provided for; whether by the immediate +Care of Parents, or essential Attention of Guardians, +by the Laws of the Land; in order that +Gentlemen should, to the Antiquity of Birth +and Possession, add the important Dignity of +Learning, and social Refinement of Arts: Since +a Man at the Head of an original Estate, who +should want the necessary Cultivation of Letters, +was considered only as a Peasant in Disguise, +and not more respected than a Hewer of +Wood, or Drawer of Water. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In these Writings of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fiechry</span></span>, the legislative +Wisdom of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Olam-Fodla</span></span>; the philosophically-religious +Capacity of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cormac-O Quin</span></span>, who, +from the pure Light of Nature, in a great Measure +defeated the absurd <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Polytheism</span></span> of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Druids</span></span>; the consummate Integrity and Impartiality of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Federach</span></span> the Just, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Moran</span></span> his Chief +Justice; the Magnanimity of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Con-Ked-Cathagh</span></span>; the Conquests +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Kineth Mac Alpin</span></span>; the long, glorious, +and peaceful Reign of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Conary</span></span> the Great, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">coæval</span></span> with the Birth of our Blessed Lord and +Saviour <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Jesus Christ</span></span>, (undoubtedly the happiest, +brightest, and most blissful Period the World +ever saw;) are all displayed in a copious masterly +Style, yet with strict chronological Exactness. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This learned St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fiechry</span></span> was Founder of the +University in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>, in the Beginning of the +8th Century. The better to enable him to carry +on that noble Work, he obtained of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the +Great a Tax on all Wheel-Carriages, within +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page012">[pg 012]</span><a name="Pg012" id="Pg012" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the Barriers of that City: Whence, a Hackney-Coach +is at this Day technically term'd <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fiacre</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the Great, in order to repair the cruel +and truly lamentable literary Dilapidations of +the ferocious North-men, invited Numbers of +the learned and pious <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> to the Continent, +where he established and entertained them with +Dignity, Tenderness, and Respect. In a curious +Manuscript of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nicholaus Gurtlerus</span></span>, (now +in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span> King's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Parisian</span></span> Library) +Author of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Origines Mundi</span></span>, where he alludes to these +Times, you find the following favourable, but true Account of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>.—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Temporibus illis, barbaris +Normannorum Cohortibus undequaque irrumpentibus, +Religio, Fides, Philosophia, Virtus, Hospitalitas, +Fortitudo, Castitas, necnon et Amœniores +omnium generum Artes, Hibernia solummodò natali, +veluti Solo, viguerunt</span></span>; little Wonder that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> should have been esteemed the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ierne</span></span>, or sacred Isle of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Greeks</span></span>, the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Insula Sanctorum</span></span>, or Island of Saints of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Romans</span></span>.—Would to +Heaven our Countrymen had, upon all considerable +Occasions, recollected those deserved Encomiums, +thereby to approve them worthy their +applauded Origin, and native Soil! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We now proceed to consider <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> in her +happiest and brightest View, after the Admission +and Propagation of Christianity. It is certain +there were many Christians in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, before +the Arrival of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palladius</span></span> in 431, or of St. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> the Year following: St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Kieran</span></span>, +St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ailbe</span></span>, St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Declan</span></span>, and St. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibar</span></span>, whom <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ussher</span></span> calls the +Precursors, or Forerunners of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>, are +pregnant Proofs of this; they were of the Birth of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, +from whence they travelled to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span>, +in Search of Education and Learning, where +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page013">[pg 013]</span><a name="Pg013" id="Pg013" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +they lived some Years, were ordained, and returned +Home about the Year 402. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It seems that those early Preachers confined +their Labours to particular Places, in which they +had considerable Success, but fell very short of +converting the Body of the Nation: However, +they sowed the Seed which St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> came +after to water: And it is certain that St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> +was so well satisfied with the Progress they +made, in their particular Districts in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Munster</span></span>, +that this was the last Province in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> he +thought proper to visit. That there were many +Christians in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, at this Period, seems to +be confirmed by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prosper</span></span>, who, in giving an +Account of the Mission of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palladius</span></span>, says, that +he was ordained by Pope <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Celestin</span></span>, and sent the +first Bishop to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scots</span></span> believing in Christ. +This Passage can mean nothing else, but that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palladius</span></span>, born in Britain, was sent to the Scots +[i.e. the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>] who had already formed Churches +under <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Kieran</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ailbe</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Declan</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibar</span></span>; and so +the Bishop of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Asaph</span></span> expounds it. This then +was the next Attempt that was made for the Conversion of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palladius</span></span> engaged in a +more ample and extensive Design than his Predecessors, +yet he failed in the Execution of it, +stay'd but a short Time in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, and did little +worth remembring; he converted, however, a +few, and is said to have founded three Churches; +but he had neither Courage to withstand the +Fierceness of the heathen <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>, nor Abilities, +for Want of the Language, proper for the +Work. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nathi</span></span>, the Son of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Garcon</span></span>, an +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Prince, opposed his preaching; upon which +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palladius</span></span> left the Kingdom, and died in the Land of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Picts</span></span>, on the 15th of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">December</span></span>, 431. +This +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page014">[pg 014]</span><a name="Pg014" id="Pg014" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +glorious Work was reserved for St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>, to +whose holy Life, divine Mission, and extraordinary +Success, I refer the Reader. This great +Apostle of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> founded and built the Cathedral +Church of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ardmagh</span></span>, about the Year +444, or 45, which, from that early Period to +this, hath continued the Metropolitan Church +of all <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. So that 1194 Years passed away +from the Founding of the City of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span>, to that +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ardmagh</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The various and most signal Blessings derived +to this Nation, from the salutary Mission of this +illustrious Saint, require, in Gratitude, our +giving the Reader yet a further Account of the +Author of such Happiness and Glory to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +He was born in the extreme Bounds of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Britain</span></span>, +(in that Part thereof which is now comprehended +within the Limits of the modern +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotland</span></span>) at a Village called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Banaven</span></span>, +in the Territory of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tabernia</span></span>, (as he himself saith in +his Confession) in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vico Banaven Taberniæ</span></span>, &c. +He tells us that he was born of a good Family. +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Ingennuus fui secundum Carnem.</span></span> +His Father was <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Calphurnius</span></span>, a Deacon, who was the Son +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Potitus</span></span>, a Priest; from whence may be +clearly inferred that the Clergy were not restrained +from Matrimony in that Age. He was +just advanced into his sixteenth Year, when he +was taken Captive, the Manner of which is thus +related by St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evin</span></span> and others: His Father, +Mother, Brother, and five Sisters, undertook a +Voyage to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Aremorick Gaul</span></span>, (now called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bass +Bretagne</span></span>) to visit the Relations of his Mother <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Couchessa</span></span>. +It happened about this Time, that the +seven Sons of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Factmude</span></span>, a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span> +Prince, were banished, and took to the Sea; that, making +an Inroad into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Aremorick Gaul</span></span>, they took +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page015">[pg 015]</span><a name="Pg015" id="Pg015" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and his Sister, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lupita</span></span>, (some say <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tigrida</span></span> +also) Prisoners. They brought their Captives to the North of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, and sold <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milcho Mac Huanan</span></span>, a Prince of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dalaradia</span></span>: +Others tell the Story in a different Manner, and +with a stronger Degree of Probability. That the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Romans</span></span> +having deserted <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Britain</span></span>, to preserve +their own Country from the barbarous Incursions +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Northern Hive</span></span>, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> made +frequent Conquests, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">North Britain</span></span> especially, whence +returning victorious, in one of those Expeditions +among others brought <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> Captive. But in +this they all agree, and he himself confirms it, +that he continued Prisoner in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> six Years; +he was sold to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milcho</span></span> and his three Brothers, +which gave Occasion of his changing his Name into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cathraigh</span></span>, +or rather <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ceathir-Tigh</span></span>, because +he served four Masters; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ceathir</span></span> signifying four, +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tigh</span></span> a House or Family. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milcho</span></span> +observing the Care and Diligence of his new Servant, +bought out the Shares of his Brothers, and made +him his own Property. He sent him to feed his Hogs on +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sliev-Mis</span></span>. And St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> himself +tells us his Behaviour in this Office. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My constant Business was to feed the Hogs. +I was frequent in Prayer; the Love and Fear +of God more and more inflamed my Heart; +my Faith was enlarged, and my Spirit augmented, +so that I said an hundred Prayers by +Day, and almost as many by Night. I arose +before Day to my Prayers, in the Snow, in the +Frost, and in the Rain, and yet I received no +Damage; nor was I affected with Slothfulness; +for then the Spirit of God was warm within +me.”</span> It was here he perfected himself in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Language, the wonderful Providence of +God visibly appearing in this Instance of his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page016">[pg 016]</span><a name="Pg016" id="Pg016" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Captivity, that he should have the Opportunity +in his tender Years of becoming well acquainted +with the Language, Manners, and Dispositions +of that People, to whom he was intended as a +future Apostle. He continued six whole Years +in Servitude, and in the seventh was released. +There seems to have been a Law in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> for +this Purpose, agreeable to the Institution of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Moses</span></span>, that a Servant should be released the +seventh Year. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Having parted from his Master, after a great +Variety of Distresses, he at length arrived to his +Parents, who received him with extraordinary +Joy; with these he remained two Years, and +probably would much longer, had he not by a +Vision been quickened to a more active and glorious +Life. In this he thought he saw a Man +coming to him from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, whose Name was +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Victoricus</span></span>, with a great Number of Letters; that +he gave him one of them to read, in the Beginning +of which were contained these Words, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vox-Hiberionacum</span></span>, +the Voice of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>: While +he was reading this Letter, he thought the same +Moment, that he heard the Voice of the Inhabitants +who lived near the Wood of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Foclut</span></span>, in +the Barony of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tyr-Awley</span></span>, and County of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mayo</span></span>, hard by the Western Sea, crying to him with an +audible and distinct Voice, <span class="tei tei-q">“We intreat thee, +holy Youth, to come and walk among us.”</span> He +was greatly amazed at this Vision, and awoke; +it animated him, however, to his future Studies +and heavenly Progress; so far even, that he +tells us himself, he thanked God, that after many +Years he had dealt with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>, according to +their crying out. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +These early Scenes of this great Saint's Life, +should, among many others, serve as lessons of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page017">[pg 017]</span><a name="Pg017" id="Pg017" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Charity, Consideration, and Humility, to the +Rich, the Great, the Proud, and the Wanton; +who may recollect that, altho' he was well born, +he was nevertheless, in the most vigorous Season +of Life, a Slave and a Swine-Herd: Happy, +though wretched Servitude! In which, his leisure +Hours, mostly employed in Christian Confidence +and Prayer, made him so signally the +Favourite of Heaven, that from those cloudy +Dawnings, he in Process of Time became a +learned Doctor, a sanctified Missioner, a venerable +Prelate, an eminent Primate, a national Apostle, +and the bright Instructor of Kings! Such were +the fruitful Rewards of uninterrupted unshaken +Devotion, Piety, and Zeal! From this Time +he formed the steady Resolution of converting +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>; and, the better to accomplish the heavenly +Task, he undertook a laborious Journey +to foreign Countries, to enrich his Mind with +Learning and Experience. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +He continued abroad thirty-five Years, pursuing +his Studies under the Direction principally +of his Mother's Uncle, St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Martin</span></span>, Bishop of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tours</span></span>, who had ordained him Deacon; and after +his Death, partly with St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">German</span></span>, Bishop of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Auxerre</span></span>, (who ordained him a Priest, and called +his Name <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Magonius</span></span>, which was the third Name +he was known by,) partly among a Colony of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hermits</span></span> and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Monks</span></span>, in some Islands of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tuscan</span></span> +Sea; and he employed a good Part of the +Time in the City of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span>, among the Canons +Regular of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lateran</span></span> Church: At length, +having his Soul thoroughly tempered with +religious Virtue, enlightened with the true +Evangelical Faith, and his Understanding enlarged +by the most profitable and edifying +Studies, he arrived in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> about the 60th +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page018">[pg 018]</span><a name="Pg018" id="Pg018" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Year of his Age; and in the Year of our Lord +432, landed in the County of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Wicklow</span></span>, where +he began his Ministry, by the Conversion of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sinel</span></span>, a great Man in that Country, the Grandson +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Finchad</span></span>, who ought to be remembered, +as he was the first Fruits of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>'s Mission +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>; he was the 8th in lineal Descent from +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cormac</span></span>, King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Leinster</span></span>, and came +afterwards to be enumerated among the Saints of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From this Country he sailed to an Island on +the Coast of the County of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>, called after +him <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inis Phadring</span></span>, and by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Holm Patrick</span></span> at this Day, where he and his faithful +Companions rested after their Fatigues. From +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inis Phadring</span></span>, he sailed Northward to that Part +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ulster</span></span> called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ulidia</span></span>, and put in at +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inbherslaying</span></span> Bay. When he and his Fellow Labourers +landed, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dichu</span></span>, the Son of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trichem</span></span>, Lord +of the County, being informed that they were Pirates, +came out with armed Men in order to +kill them: But being struck with the venerable +Appearance of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>, he gave him Audience, +and listened attentively to the Word of +Life preached by him; he changed his wicked +Purpose, believed, and was baptized, and brought +over all his Family to the Faith: It is further +observed of him, that he was the first Person in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ulster</span></span>, who embraced Christianity. He dedicated +the Land whereon his Conversion was +wrought to the Service of God, where a Church +was erected, changed after to an eminent Monastery. +He travelled hence by Land to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clunebois</span></span> +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dalaradia</span></span>, to endeavour the Conversion +of his old Master <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milcho</span></span>, whose Service he had +left thirty-eight Years before; but this obstinate +Prince, hearing of the great Success of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>'s +preaching, and ashamed to be persuaded +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page019">[pg 019]</span><a name="Pg019" id="Pg019" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +in his old Age, to forsake the Religion of his +Ancestors, (by one especially who had been his +Servant, in a most inferior Station,) made a +funeral Pile of his House and Goods, and by +the Instigation of the Enemy of Mankind, +burned himself therein: Thus ended <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milcho McHuanan</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Hence St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> returned to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inis</span></span>, the +Habitation of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dichu</span></span>, and in his Journey converted +great Numbers to the true Faith of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Christ</span></span>. +In some time, he took his Leave of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dichu</span></span>, and +bent his course Southward by Sea, keeping the +Coast on his Right-hand, and arrived at Port +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Colbdi</span></span>, where he landed, and committed the +Care of his Vessel to his Nephew <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Luman</span></span>, +desiring him to wait for him there forty Days, +while he and his Disciples were travelling in the +inner Parts of the Country to preach the Gospel. +His Intention in this Journey was, to celebrate the Festival of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Easter</span></span> in the Plains of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bregia</span></span>, and +to be in the Neighbourhood of the Great Triennial +Convention at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tarah</span></span>, which at this Season +was held by King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Leogair</span></span>, and all his Tributary Princes, +Nobles, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Druids</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Annalists</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and Fileas</span></span>. +St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> wisely foreseeing that whatever Impressions +he should make on this august Assembly +must have an Influence on the whole Kingdom, +and therefore, being supported with invincible +Christian Fortitude, resolved not to be +absent from a Place where his Presence was so +conducive to the Ends of his Holy Ministry. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Never did the Spirit of popular Freedom +exert itself more powerfully or harmoniously, +than in those truly parliamentary Triennial Conventions +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, where the supreme Monarch, +the Provincial Kings, the feudatory Lords, +the Nobles, landed Men, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Druids</span></span>, &c. by the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page020">[pg 020]</span><a name="Pg020" id="Pg020" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +unbiased Suffrages of the People, convened for +the Peace, good Government and Security of +each particular Province, as well as those of the +whole Kingdom. Many Centuries had this +wise Constitution subsisted here, before our +Neighbours, even of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">South Britain</span></span>, knew any +thing relative to Houses, or Raiment; it being +notorious that so late as the Arrival of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Julius +Cæsar</span></span> among them, they painted their Bodies, +to render them terrible, and lived in the open +Fields. It is really somewhat surprzing that +People so near in Situation, should differ so +essentially in Disposition, as the Inhabitants of +those Islands have in all Ages; Hospitality having +been the distinguishing Attribute of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>, and it's +opposite Defect, that of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Britons</span></span>; +the Account given of them by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Horace</span></span> 1700 and odd Years ago, +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Visam Britannes Hospitibus feros</span></span>, +being as literally applicable to them at this Day, +where the Force of Education doth not operate +to mitigate their natural Ferocity. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But to return: St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> in his Way to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tarah</span></span>, took up his Lodgings at the House of the +hospitable <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sesgnen</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Meath</span></span>, who kindly +received and welcomed him. St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> preach'd Christ +and his Gospel to him; he believed, and was +baptized with his whole Family. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From the House of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sesgnen</span></span>, he moved Westward, +and arrived on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Easter Eve</span></span> at +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fierta-fir-feic</span></span>, on the Northern Banks of the River +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Boyne</span></span>, where he rested, resolving there to prepare for the next +Day's Solemnity. It was penal for any Person +at the Time of the Celebration of this solemn +Convention at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tarah</span></span>, to kindle a Fire in the +Province, before the King's Bonfire first appeared. +I am of Opinion this was a religious Ceremony, +as the chief Deity of the ancient Inhabitants, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page021">[pg 021]</span><a name="Pg021" id="Pg021" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +in exterior Worship especially, was <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bel</span></span>, +or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Belus</span></span>; whence <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apollo</span></span> or +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ap-haul</span></span>, the Son of the Sun, whom they emblematically worshipped, +by those fiery Offerings; whence the first Day of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">May</span></span>, peculiarly dedicated to this <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bel</span></span>, +is even now in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>, called +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lha-Bel-Thinih</span></span>, and probably from the same Source may be +derived the Custom of lighting up Bonfires, and Sops, on the +Eve of the 24th Day of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">June</span></span>. St. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> however, either not knowing or not minding this +Ceremony, lighted up a Fire before his Booth, +which altho' eight Miles distant from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tarah</span></span>, +was very visible. It was seen with Astonishment +from Court, and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Druids</span></span> informed the King, +that if he did not immediately extinguish the +Fire, he who kindled it, and his Successors, +should for ever hold the Principality of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>; +which hath hitherto turned out a true Prediction +of those Heathen Priests, in a Primatial and +Spiritual Principality. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The King dispatched Messengers to bring +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> before him, and gave his positive Orders, +that nobody should presume to rise out of his +Seat, or pay him the least Honour: But <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ere</span></span>, +the Son of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dego</span></span>, ventured to disobey this Command; +he arose, and offered the Holy Father his +Seat. St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> preached to him and converted +him. He became a Person of eminent Sanctity, +and after some Time was consecrated by St. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>, Bishop of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Slain</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Day following, when St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> and two +of his Disciples appeared unexpectedly at Court, +and preached to the King and his Nobles, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dubtach</span></span>, +the King's Poet Laureat, payed Honour +and Respect to the Saint, and was converted +by his Preaching. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fiech</span></span>, a young Poet, who +was under the Tuition of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dubtach</span></span>, was also converted, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page022">[pg 022]</span><a name="Pg022" id="Pg022" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and afterwards made Bishop of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sletty</span></span>, +and is said to have been the Author of a celebrated +Poem, composed in Praise of St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span>. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Anselm</span></span>, Arch-Bishop of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canterbury</span></span>, +relates the Conversion of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tingar</span></span>, the Son of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clito</span></span>, (one of the Nobles in this Assembly,) in the same Manner. +The Queen also, and many others of the +Court, became Christians; and altho' the King +held out for a long Time with great Obstinacy, +yet at last he submitted to be baptized. St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> +is said here to have wrought many Miracles: +There could not truly, even according to +the Purposes of human Wisdom, have happened +a more solemn or weighty Occasion, for God +Almighty's supporting this Holy Preacher by +Miracles, than when the collective Body of the +whole Nation was assembled together; from +whose Report and Conviction, the Influences of +his blessed Works and Doctrine must of Course +spread through the whole Kingdom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +His Conduct and Proceedings here, with a +particular Detail of the Miracles wrought by +him, may be had at large in the History of his +Life, published by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">John Colgan</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tarah</span></span>, the Saint proceeded next to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Talten</span></span>, not far from thence, at the Season of the +Royal Diversions: Here he preached to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cairbre</span></span>, +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Conall</span></span>, the two Brothers of King +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Leogin</span></span>; the former received him with great Indignity, +and perversely shut his Ears against his Doctrine; +but <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Conall</span></span> believed, and was baptized, and gave +St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> a Place to build a Church on. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Conall</span></span> was Great-Grand-Father to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Columb-Kill</span></span>. He spent the Remainder of this Year +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Meath</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Louth</span></span>, and the Districts +adjoining, preaching, and converting great Numbers +of People. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Taltenian</span></span> Sports above-mentioned, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page023">[pg 023]</span><a name="Pg023" id="Pg023" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have been much celebrated by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> +Historians, and Antiquaries. They were a kind +of warlike Exercises, somewhat resembling the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Olympick</span></span> Games, consisting of Racing, Tilts, +Tournaments, Wrestling, Leaping, Vaulting, +and all other manly and martial Exercises, +which gave Rise to the many hyperbolical +Tales, formerly related of those <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Taltenian</span></span> Sports. +They were exhibited every Year at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Talten</span></span>, a +Mountain in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Meath</span></span>, for fifteen Days before, +and fifteen Days after the First of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">August</span></span>. Their +first Institution is ascribed to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lughaid-lam-fadha</span></span>, +the twelfth King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, who began his +Reign <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A. M.</span></span> 2764 (a sufficient Proof of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>'s Antiquity as a Kingdom). They were +ordained by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lughaid</span></span>, in Gratitude to the Memory +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tailte</span></span>, the Daughter of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Magh-More</span></span>, +(a Prince of some Part of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spain</span></span>) who having been married +to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eochaid</span></span>, King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, took the +same <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lughaid</span></span> under her Protection, and had the Care +of his Education in his Minority. From this +Princess both the Sports, and the Place where +they were celebrated, took their Names: From <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lughaid</span></span>, the +First of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">August</span></span> was called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lugnasa</span></span>, +or the Memory of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lughaid</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nasa</span></span> signifying +Memory, in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Language. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the Year of the World 2700, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gideon</span></span> then +reigning fourth Judge of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hebrews</span></span>, appear'd +many Heroes, as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hercules</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Orpheus</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Castor</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pollux</span></span>, +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Argonauts</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Jason</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Laomedon</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thesæus</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dedalus</span></span>, &c. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Amazones</span></span>, +Heroines of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scythic</span></span> +Extraction, having lost their Husbands in +Battle, took up Arms themselves, with a manly +Spirit of Resentment, and (inspired with Love +of their deceased Husbands, and Grief for so +great and irretrievable a Loss!) subdued <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Asia</span></span>, +and built <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ephesus</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hercules</span></span> and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thesæus</span></span> waged +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page024">[pg 024]</span><a name="Pg024" id="Pg024" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +War against those Heroines, and defeated them, +more to the Glory of the Vanquished than their +own, those Matrons having defended themselves +with surprizing Resolution. They cut off the +Guards set over them, and escaped the Severity +and Pride of their Conquerors. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hercules</span></span>, in +Honour of such extraordinary heroick Females, +instituted the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Olympick</span></span> Games; as likewise did +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thesæus</span></span>, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Isthmian</span></span>, in the Year of +the World, about 2700, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Taltenian</span></span> Sports, the very same +with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Olympick</span></span>, brought sixty-four Years after +from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spain</span></span> into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, by +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tailte</span></span>, and her Followers. +Now this <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tailte</span></span>, Queen of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, was +the Grand-daughter of an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Amazone</span></span> Princess, +those immortal Females having, with their Progeny, +Friends and Followers, to avoid the ruinous +Hostilities of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hercules</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thesæus</span></span>, +sought Shelter in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spain</span></span>, whither they imported the +Learning of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trismegistus</span></span>, the Grandson of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mercury</span></span>, and Glory of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ægypt</span></span>, together +with all the literary Arts derived into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Greece</span></span>, from +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Phœnicia</span></span>, by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cadmus</span></span>, the Brother +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europa</span></span>, about the Year of the World 2530, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Othoniel</span></span> then reigning the first Judge of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hebrews</span></span>. The Posterity of this ancient and illustrious Colony, +about the Year of the World 3000, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Solomon</span></span> then +reigning with great Splendour, third King of +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hebrews</span></span>) settled in this Kingdom, as before +observed: So that, by an impartial Estimate of +Dates, Periods, and Facts, our Origin is well +ascertained, our early Possession of Letters, wise +Policy, and the politer Arts, proved, and the +Remark of an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Italian</span></span> Monk in the 7th Century, +from the University of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mongret</span></span>, in an Epistle +to his Correspondent at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span>, justified, +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Nil mirum +Populum hunc Celtico Scythicum è præclarâ +Amazonidum stirpê oriundum, verâ Religionê et +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page025">[pg 025]</span><a name="Pg025" id="Pg025" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +incorruptâ Fide illuminatum, sapientia Doctrina +optimisque Morbidus ornatum, viros fortes et Fæminas +castas plerumque procreare</span></span>. A Rescript of +this Original Epistle still extant, in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vatican</span></span> +Library, some Years ago in the Hands of Father +Don <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Levy</span></span>, may therefore, I believe, be +found in the College of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lombard</span></span> at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In this shining Period were Cathedrals and +Churches erected, Universities founded and +established, Colleges, Seminaries and Schools +propagated in many Parts of this Kingdom, +which, at the same Time, became a peaceful +and hospitable Retreat to religious and learned +Men, disturbed on the Continent of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>, by +the frequent Invasions, and cruel Hostilities of +the North-men, whose Piracies and Barbarity, +even <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> could not always escape! For, +from the Time of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Artigrius</span></span>, Archbishop of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ardmagh</span></span> in 822, for near 200 Years the cruel +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Danes</span></span> miserably ravaged this Kingdom, destroying, +by Fire and Sword, every Establishment, +as well of Piety as Learning, (to both which, +and to all religious Maxims of civilized Society, +they had been avowed implacable Enemies) till +they were themselves, in 1014, totally defeated +at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clontarf</span></span>, by the invincible Arms of the Great +Monarch, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bryan Borou</span></span>, from whom descended +a Race conspicuous for exemplary Prelates, heroick +Leaders, and steady Patriots. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The learned Author of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertations</span></span> before-mentioned, +charges this Hero with a Violation +of the Constitution of his Country: Yet the +Violation seems of far earlier Date, when the +supreme Monarchy was, by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hugonian</span></span> Law, +inalienably united to one Family, whose Sovereignty, +however founded originally, whether +by Birth, or Election, was essential to the public +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page026">[pg 026]</span><a name="Pg026" id="Pg026" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Welfare: For we must allow that the Preservation +of the People is the principal Law to which all others are subordinate. +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Salus Populi +suprema Lex</span></span>; and equally, that not only the +Necessities, but the Safety also of the People, at +that Time of Danger and Distraction, eagerly +called forth the Conduct and Valour, the protective +and restorative Abilities of that great and +virtuous Man, of whom a faithful Historian, +in his Detail of the Battle of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clontarf</span></span>, says; +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Integrâ prius adept a Victoriâ rebus +humanis eodem Diê excessit vir Bellô ac Pacê summus, Justitiæ, +Religionis, Literarum, Cultor eximius, et cum Carolo +Magno utique comparandus</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the 239th Page of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertations</span></span>, the excellent +Author expresseth himself as follows: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I now proceed to give some Account of the +second Royal House of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scots</span></span>, the oldest of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milesian</span></span> Race, and the Posterity of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eber</span></span>.”</span> This +Race then being avowed the oldest, in Respect +of Primogeniture, must, of Course, have been +prior in Point of Dignity and Sway, or at least, +equally entitled to the Election of the People +to such Ranks; were not those by violent Measures +annexed to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Heremonian</span></span> Line: Yet, however +this might have been, certain it is, that no +Houses that we read of, ancient or modern, +have produced a greater Number of truly heroick +Princes, or of longer Continuance, than +those of the North and South <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hy-Nial</span></span>; from +whom also issued many noble Families of real +Worth, and equal Renown. With <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bryan</span></span>, the +happy Genius of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, in a great Measure, +expired: For the cruel <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Danes</span></span> had, for near 200 +Years before, so wofully overturned the Universities +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ardmagh</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dondaleith-Glass</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mongret</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lismore</span></span>, with all +other Seminaries of Piety +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page027">[pg 027]</span><a name="Pg027" id="Pg027" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and Learning, (the only genuine Sources of national +Greatness, Concord, good Discipline, and +Happiness) had obliged, in the 8th Century, +so many learned Men to seek that Shelter and +Security on the Continent, which the barbarous +Hostilities, and impious Manners of those Northerns, +denied them at Home; had made such +frequent lamentable Breaches in the antient, wise +Constitution of the Kingdom; had, by the fatal +Example of their profligate dissolute Lives, so +vitiated the national Morality; and finally, had +left behind them so many noxious Seeds of Faction +and Anarchy, as, in less than two Centuries, +gave up a Kingdom, of above 2000 Years +Establishment, the unaccountable Prey of a +few adventurous <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Normans</span></span>! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick</span></span> governed the See of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span> about +ten Years, and, in a Voyage to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, perished +by Shipwreck, in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span> Sea, on the +16th of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">October</span></span>, 1084; having been sent to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lanfranc</span></span>, Archbishop of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canterbury</span></span>, +by King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tirdelvac</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Donat</span></span>, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dongus O'Haingly</span></span>, having spent +some Time in the Study of useful Learning in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, went over into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, +and became a Benedictine Monk at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canterbury</span></span>. He was afterwards, +(by the Consent of King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tirdelvac</span></span>, and +the Clergy of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>) consecrated, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A. D.</span></span> 1085, in the Cathedral of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canterbury</span></span>, by the before-mentioned +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lanfranc</span></span>, to whom he made the following +Profession of Obedience: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Donat</span></span>, Bishop of the See of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, do promise +Canonical Obedience to you, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O' Lanfranc</span></span>, Archbishop of the +holy Church of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canterbury</span></span>, and to your Successors.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is evident that the Title of the Kings of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span> to this Kingdom, by Papal Donation, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page028">[pg 028]</span><a name="Pg028" id="Pg028" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +or Appointment, was very insufficient, if not +absolutely trifling: Nor could a Right of Conquest +be urged in any Period of the Reign of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Second, or his Descendants. But +the Great and Royal Families of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, long +the Prey of Faction, deliberately preferred a +limitted and stipulated Submission to foreign +Authority, to the various Evils arising from +intestine Feuds and Animosities; and this, had +the wise Conditions thereof been constantly attended +to, with mutual Observance, had been +a sound Title, well and judiciously founded. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +True it is, that after the Surrender of the +Crown by King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">John</span></span> to the See of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span>, +the Pope exerted some temporal Authority in this +Kingdom, instanced in his having created <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mc. +Con More Mc. Namaras</span></span><a id="noteref_2" name="noteref_2" href="#note_2"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">2</span></span></a> Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Klan Cullane</span></span>, +a Man of great Valour and Piety, supported by +ample Possessions in the Baronies of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tulla</span></span> and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bunratty</span></span>, in the County of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clare</span></span>; +which extensive Districts entirely belonged to that ancient, +hospitable, martial, and religious Race, +of which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mc. Con More</span></span> was Chief: The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mc. +Namaras</span></span>, more or less, have in all Ages made, +and still continue to make, a distinguished Figure, +as well in the Field, as in the learned Professions; +and were formerly so warlike a People, +that of themselves they formed an heroic Cavalry, +justly stiled the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Phalanx</span></span> of that Part of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> wherein they resided. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +How our Neighbours came to call us <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">waild +Ayrish</span></span>, I am a Loss to conjecture; it being evident +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page029">[pg 029]</span><a name="Pg029" id="Pg029" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +we have been a thousand Years, at least, +in Possession of Letters, Laws, and Civility, +before the Arrival of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Julius Cæsar</span></span> +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Britain</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I am equally at a Loss to know why a Man +should become a standing Jest for his Ignorance +in an alien Tongue, almost the constant Fate of +our Countrymen in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Britain</span></span>, where, whoever is +not smartly expert in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span> Language, is +immediately denominated a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teague</span></span>, a +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paddy</span></span>, or I know not what, in the Stile of Derision: At +the same Time that the most awkward-tongued +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irishman</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">London</span></span> speaks +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span> with far more +Propriety, and a better Accent, than the smartest +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British Petit Maitre</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span> doth +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Some dramatick Scriblers, (probably of our +own degenerate Growth) the better to qualify +them for eleemosinary Dinners, gave Rise to this +impertinent Treatment of a Nation, which, from +the concurrent Testimonies of all the Dispassionate +and Learned, can, in Reality, be as little the +Object of Scurrility, as any other. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Why should even poor <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teague</span></span> prove so constant +a Butt, to Farce-wrights, and Hackney +Laughers; when, upon Examination, he is, by +a thousand Degrees, preferable to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span> +Hobbinol, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span> Gregoire? For +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teague</span></span> is +a very Pattern of Hospitality; so much so, that +if a Gentleman should happen to miss his Road, +and be nessitated to seek the Shelter of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teague</span></span>'s +Cabbin, or Hut, was poor <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teague</span></span> trusting to +two Sheep for his worldly Subsistance, he would +kill one, and sell the other, at the next Village +or Inn, for the better Entertainment of his +Guest, and think himself happy in such an +Occasion of approving his Generosity and Respect: +He would the next Morning abandon his +Spade, and chearfully trot ten Miles to shew +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page030">[pg 030]</span><a name="Pg030" id="Pg030" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +such bewilder'd Gentleman the right Road. He +is naturally civil, generous, and hospitable, (for +scarce a Night passeth that poor Travellers are +not entertained in his Cottage,) extremely respectful +to his Superiors, and to his Lord and +Master faithful to Death. The military Annals +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span> proclaim his Capacity and Taste for +Fighting; then if you should take this identical +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teague</span></span>'s infant Son, and give him a regular +liberal Education, it is one hundred to one, +but he turns out a Gentleman of Merit, Learning, +Worth, and Politeness; whereas it would +certainly require more than <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Herculean</span></span> +Labour to chissel a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French Paisan</span></span>, a primitive +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Westmoreland</span></span>, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Devonshire</span></span> Boor, +not only into the Form of an elegant, but even into that +of a sociable Creature. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Insignificancy of those Jesters and Spatterers, +will more clearly appear, if we look +back to the wise, free, and truly parliamentary +Constitution of this Kingdom; if we recollect +the vast Length of its Duration, as a free and +independant State; the military Prowess of its +Inhabitants in all Ages; their victorious Conflicts +with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Romans</span></span>, and with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span> +under <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Vth, and the Black +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prince</span></span>; their having founded a Monarchy in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">North Britain</span></span>, whence, by a Right of Descent, in Addition to +every other, his present Majesty, (whom God +long preserve,) by the special Providence and +infinite Mercy of Heaven, ruleth over us: If +we consider the Number of our Universities, +Colleges, and Academies, religious Monasteries +and pious Seminaries, resorted to from all +civilized Parts of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>, our Metropolitical +and Diocesan Cathedrals; on such impartial Review, +surely, the foregoing Tribe of Sneerers +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page031">[pg 031]</span><a name="Pg031" id="Pg031" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and Flouters must dwindle into deserved Contempt. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I shall close this feeble Attempt on the antient +State of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, with the Description thereof +by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Donat</span></span>, Bishop of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fesulæ</span></span>, near +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Florence</span></span>, in the 7th or 8th Century; referring, at the same +Time, to the most authentick <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span> Antiquaries, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Campden</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Giraldus Cambrensis</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Buchanan</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ware</span></span>, &c. for +Confirmation of what hath been previously observed on the same Subject. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Finibus Occiduis describitur +optima Tellus,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Nomine et Antiquis +</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Scotia</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> scripta Libris——</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Insula dives Opum, Gemmarum, +Vestis et Auri,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Commoda Corporibus, Aere sole +Solo;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Melle fluit pulchris et +lacteis </span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Scotia</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Campis</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Vestibus atque Armis, +frugibus, arte viris.</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Ursorum Rabies, nulla est ibi; +sæva Leonum</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Semina, nec unquam +</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Scotica</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Terra tulit</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Nulla Venena nocent, nec +Serpens serpit in Herbâ,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Nec conquesta canit +Garula Rana Lacu;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">In qua +</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Scotorum</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Gentes habitare merentur</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Inclita Gens Hominum +Milite, Pace, Fide.</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Thus Englished by the Ingenius and Reverend +Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dunkin</span></span>: +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Far Westward, lies an Isle of antient Fame,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">By Nature bless'd, and <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Scotia</span></span> is her Name;</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Enroll'd in Books: Exhaustless is her Store</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Of veiny Silver, and of Golden Ore:</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Her fruitful Soil for ever teams with Wealth,</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">With Gems her Waters, and her Air with Health:</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Her verdant Fields with Milk and Honey flow;</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Her woolly Fleeces vie with Virgin Snow:</div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page032">[pg 032]</span><a name="Pg032" id="Pg032" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Her waving Furrows float with bearded Corn,</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">And Arms and Arts her envy'd Sons adorn.</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">No savage Bear, with lawless Fury, roves;</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">No rav'nous Lion, thro' her peaceful Groves;</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">No Poison there infects; no scaly Snake</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Creeps thro' the Grass, nor Frog annoys the Lake:</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">An Island worthy of its pious Race,</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">In War triumphant, and unmatch'd in Peace.”</span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Donat</span></span>, Bishop of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fesula</span></span>, was an +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irishman</span></span>, of the antient and hospitable Family, afterwards +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Hogan</span></span>; a Family which held ample and +fair Possessions in the Province of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Munster</span></span>, and +which, in former Times, adorned the See of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Killaloe</span></span>, with four very learned and exemplary +Prelates; namely, with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Matthew O Hogan</span></span>, who +succeeded to this Bishoprick, in the Reign of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the IIId, and in the Year of our Lord +1267; and who, having much enlarged his Diocese, +and done many signal Acts of popular Charity, +died in the Year, 1281, and was buried +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Limerick</span></span>, in a Convent of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dominican</span></span> +Friars. To this Bishop succeeded <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Maurice O Hogan</span></span>, +who governed this See with peculiar Zeal and +Charity, upwards of sixteen Years, and died in +1298, or the Year following, and was buried +in his own Church. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thomas O Hogan</span></span>, Canon +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Killaloe</span></span>, was consecrated in 1343, and died +on the 30th of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">October</span></span>, 1354; five Days after +which, he was buried among his worthy Ancestors +at <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nenagh</span></span>; as may be seen in the Annals +of that Place. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Richard O Hogan</span></span> succeeded to the See of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Killaloe</span></span>, in 1525, and was in 1539 translated to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clon Mac Nois</span></span>: He was a Prelate of great +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page033">[pg 033]</span><a name="Pg033" id="Pg033" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Learning and Capacity, in all spiritual and ecclesiastical +Matters. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This antient Family is, at this Time, represented +by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Edmund O Hogan</span></span>, Esq; High Sheriff +of the County of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clare</span></span>, a Gentleman, who, +by the whole Tenor of his Life, hath proved +Generosity of Heart, Charity, and Hospitality, +to be Qualities inherent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dermod Mac Murchad</span></span>, sovereign Prince of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hy-Kinsellagh</span></span>, banished by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roderick O +Connor</span></span>, King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, for his various and high State +Crimes, sought Sanctuary and Redress in the +Court of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>; where, in the Absence of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span>, then in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Normandy</span></span>, diverse +adventurous <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Normans</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Flemings</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Saxons</span></span>, and old <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Britons</span></span>, (being +themselves unsettled, and unestablished) acceded +to the Fate and Fortunes of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dermod</span></span>, under +the Conduct of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Strongbow</span></span>, Earl of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pembroke</span></span>; whose casual Success in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, against <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roderick</span></span> +(owing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> to the general Defection, at that +fatal Period, of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Chiefs against their +lawful Sovereign, than to any <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">superior Valour</span></em> or +Address of those Adventurers) induced <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> to +a deliberate and grand Invasion of a Kingdom, +to which he could lay no Claim on the Score of +Nature, Reason, or Right, and whither his +pretended Mission, on the Score of collecting +St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Peter</span></span>'s Dues, (which St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Peter</span></span> +himself never once thought of, or imagined) was as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ridiculous</span></em> +as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">groundless</span></em>. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Summa Dies</span></span>, however, arrived: +and the People of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, wearied out +with intestine Strife, acknowledged <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> for +their Sovereign Lord; and a grand Charter of +Rights and Covenants, mutual Protection and +Allegiance, was entered into, anteriorly to that +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>. How well this Charter was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">observed</span></em> +on the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">protective</span></em> Side, the absolute Anarchy of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page034">[pg 034]</span><a name="Pg034" id="Pg034" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +near four Centuries, from its original Date and +Perfection, to the Reign of Queen <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Elizabeth</span></span>, +demonstrates: A whole Nation, that sought +Protection, and that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">agreed</span></em> for quiet, regular, +and lawful Government, upon rationable Terms, +deprived of the Power of ordaining Laws for +its own Security and Well-being, and precluded +(all to four or five great and favourite Families) +from the Benefits and Advantages accruing from +those of that Kingdom, to which it had voluntarily +united itself; exposed, through such a +Length of Time, to arbitary Depredations, and +unpunished, unredressed, uncensured Rapine, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quis talia sando temperet a Lachrymis</span></span>! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> called back into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, +to lay the Storms raised by his rebellious Sons, with +whom and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thomas Becket</span></span>, Archbishop of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canterbury</span></span>, +he was so constantly embroiled to the +End of his Life, that he could little attend to +the Settlement of the Affairs of this new acquired +Sovereignty. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Richard</span></span> the First, his immediate Successor, +called away to the Holy Wars against the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Saracens</span></span>, +had as little Leisure as his Predecessor to +promote the Quiet, or Happiness of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From the usurped Authority of King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">John</span></span>, a +continued Series of Papal Animosity, Bloodshed, +Calamities and Piracies, closed at last by +Poison; little beside political Disasters of all +Sorts, could be expected. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Third, through a Reign of Fifty-six +Years, was continually involved in Troubles +and Hostilities, with his inflexible <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span> Barons. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Edward</span></span> the First, a great and warlike Prince, +was, throughout his whole Reign, engaged in +the Reduction of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Welch</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scots</span></span>, +and so +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page035">[pg 035]</span><a name="Pg035" id="Pg035" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +intent thereon, that he could turn his Thoughts +to no other Object. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Edward</span></span> the Second, indeed, sent +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gaveston</span></span> hither, +more to screen him from the implacable +Resentments of the stubborn <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span> Nobility, +than to render any good Offices to the Inhabitants +of this Country; who, indiscriminately, +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Strongbownians</span></span> as well as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>) +felt the Severity of that insolent Favourite's Measures. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Richard</span></span> the Second visited this Kingdom in +Person, with the good Intentions of establishing +Peace, Order, and Harmony, in a valuable but +long neglected Estate: Yet his own adverse +Fate, conspiring with that of this Land, called +him back, before he could carry his favourable +Resolutions into Execution, to defend his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span> +Dominions from the hostile Attacks of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span>, +Earl of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hereford</span></span>, who, with the Duke of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Norfolk</span></span>, Son to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">John</span></span> of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gaunt</span></span>, had some Years before +been banished by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Richard</span></span>, to prevent a +personal Combat: This King, worthy more +propitious Stars, long agitated and afflicted by +the Turbulence and irreconcilable Obstinacy of +his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span> Subjects, perished at last under the +impious Hands of Sir <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pierce</span></span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Exton</span></span>, +who, at the Head of eight barbarous armed Assassins, +rushed into his Chamber, and murdered him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Reign of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Fourth was short, +tumultuous, and bloody; Deluges of noble Blood +having been shed by the bare Hands of the +common Executioner, to confirm a Throne acquired +by abominable Crimes, and Violence! +And no sooner had these dreadful Storms begun +to abate, than <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> was forced to depart from +a Scene he had more adorned, (for he was, +without Question, a great and valiant Man) +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page036">[pg 036]</span><a name="Pg036" id="Pg036" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +had not his Ambition blindly hurried him beyond +the Bounds of Justice and Nature. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Fifth, his Son and Successor, and +truly Inheritor of his Ambition and warlike +Genius, imagining himself aggrieved by the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Salique Law</span></span>, which excluded his Great Great-Grandmother, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Isabel</span></span>, from the Monarchy of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span>, turned his elevated Thoughts intirely +to the Conquest of that Kingdom: Wherein, +by his own vast Merit in martial Affairs, and +the Co-operation of the Queen of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span>, (Consort +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the Sixth, then frantick,) and that +of the Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Burgundy</span></span>, a great and powerful +Prince, he so far succeeded, as, after his Marriage +with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Catharine de Valois</span></span>, Daughter of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the Sixth, to be crowned, and acknowledged +King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To this great and victorious Monarch succeeded +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Sixth, who, through a long, +various, and constantly clouded Reign, seemed +the very Play of Fortune! This Day a King, +the next a Prisoner! One Day acknowleged by +his Parliament, the next attainted! One Day a +Conqueror, and the next a Captive! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Fierce, frequent, and bloody, were the Conflicts +between the Houses of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">York</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lancaster</span></span>, +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">White</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Red Roses</span></span>; the former +endeavouring to recover its Loss, the latter to maintain +its usurped Authority. In this dreadful Quarrel +perished two hundred thousand of private Soldiers; +ten thousand of the Nobility, Gentry, +and Persons of Distinction; three Kings; and, +at last, the entire Race of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plantagenet</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Edward</span></span> the Fourth soon fell, by his natural +Intemperance, or rather by the insatiable Cruelty +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gloucester</span></span>; who had already sacrificed his +Brother <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clarence</span></span>, to pave his Way to the Throne. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page037">[pg 037]</span><a name="Pg037" id="Pg037" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Nor better fared it with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Edward</span></span> the Fifth, who, +by all the Arts of Seduction and Delusion, +which his unnatural Uncle and Guardian, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Richard</span></span>, practised on the Fears and Weakness +of the Queen Dowager; was, with his Brother +the Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">York</span></span>, conveyed with great Pomp +to the Tower; where the bloody Tyrant, aided +by the Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Buckingham</span></span>, soon sacrificed +those young, innocent and hopeful Princes to +his wicked and boundless Ambition. But he +soon after lost his own flagitious Life, and a +most cruelly-acquired Crown, on the Plains of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bosworth</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To him succeeded <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Seventh, and the +first of the Race of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tudor</span></span>, a great, wise and +valiant Prince, but rather too much inclined to +Rigour, and Avarice; Imperfections which extremely +blemished his other great Qualities. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the tenth Year of this Reign, the Parliamentary +Constitution of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> received a +deeper Stab than had ever before, or since, been +inflicted thereon, by a Statute Law, commonly +called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Poynin</span></span>'s Act; by which a new, and, till +that wretched Period, an unheard of Order, was +added to the three established Ranks of the +State. By this Law, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span> Privy-Council +may impose a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Negative</span></span> on the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">free</span></em> and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unanimous</span></em> Parliamentary Ordinances of the representative +Body of the Kingdom of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>; a manifest +Injury to the Authority and Dignity of Parliament; +and an equal Diminution of the Royal +Prerogative, that only should include, and +should alone exert, a Power so important. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In Times dark, tumultuated and dangerous, +no Wonder extraordinary Laws should pass: +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Desperate Diseases</span></span> require <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">desperate +Remedies</span></span>: But when the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fever</span></span> is removed, it certainly is a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page038">[pg 038]</span><a name="Pg038" id="Pg038" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +horrid Management to leave the blistering +Plaister <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still sticking</span></em> to the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">recovered</span></em> Patient's +Back. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Distempers of this Nation were heavy, +complicated and chronic; and finally curable, +only by the salutary all-healing Hands of our +present King, and present Parliament. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the Seventh succeeded <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the +Eighth, as consummate a Tyrant, in every +Sense, as ever swayed the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span>, or any other +Sceptre; whose whole Life was so continued a +Scene of wanton Dissipation, Lust, Cruelty, +Rapine, Bloodshed and Sacrilege, that it must +have been a peculiar Happiness, to any Part of +his Dominions, to have been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">neglected</span></em> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forgotten</span></em> +by him: Nor could the two succeeding +Reigns of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Edward</span></span> the Sixth, and Queen +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mary</span></span>, +short, various, cloudy, and vastly agitated on +the Score of Religion, (which, in those two +Reigns, took Faces almost diametrically opposite,) +afford this Kingdom much reflected +Sunshine. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To those ensued that of Queen <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Elizabeth</span></span>, a +Princess of powerful Abilities, who, truly intent +on the Peace and Welfare of her Subjects, +caused her Laws to operate, and Justice to circulate +in this Kingdom, abandoned, as hath +been observed, to a State almost of Anarchy, +thro' a dismal Series of seventeen Reigns: But +the Reformation in Religion, which she established +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, and introduced in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, +much obviated her Purposes for the latter Kingdom: +For, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>, more tenacious of their +Altars, than of their Fire-places, could not +easily reconcile themselves to the Exchange of a +Religion they deemed a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">new one</span></em>, for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> they +had been in Possession of from the fourth, to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page039">[pg 039]</span><a name="Pg039" id="Pg039" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the fifteenth Century: Which produced a rebellious +Defection, in a few of the principal +Chieftains of this Land, and gave Occasion to +the greedy Provincial Precedents, of trumping +up <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">imaginary Rebellions</span></em>, to pave the Way to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">real +Forfeitures</span></em>; thereby to aggrandize their own +Houses; what some of them effectually accomplished, +to the Ruin and Extirpation of +many honest Families. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This great and illustrious Princess, (whose +Reign had remained untarnished, had it not +been for the Death of the ill-fated Queen of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotland</span></span>) was succeeded by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the +Sixth of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotland</span></span>, and the first of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Stuart</span></span> Race that governed <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>: From +this Prince, descended of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Kings, the People of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> might have expected many Favours and Immunities; +wherein, however, they were miserably disappointed: +Which, with a Train of other Hardships +and antiparental Severities, (particularly +his alienating, at <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one Stroke</span></em>, six of the best +Counties in the Kingdom, on the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">procured</span></em> Testimony +of an obscure wretched Individual, one +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Teige Lenane</span></span>,) is too sufficient and too lasting a +Proof of: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Heu! tot Conquesta Annorum, hauserit +una Dies!</span></span> The Possession of at least twenty +Centuries, of the great and good, the heroic +and hospitable <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Neils</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Donnels</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Guires</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Gennises</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Reillys</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Cahanes</span></span>, &c. ravished +away to gratify hungry Favourites, and indigent +Relatives! the six Counties, however, as the +Law Term has it, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">escheated</span></span>. Had the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Highlands</span></span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotland</span></span>, at that unhappy +Period, been more populated, probably six or eight Counties <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> +had been procured to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">escheat</span></span>, and there had been +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a braa Clutch of bonny Traitors</span></span>; the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Connors</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Carthys</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Briens</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Donnels</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Hares</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page040">[pg 040]</span><a name="Pg040" id="Pg040" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Malones</span></span>, &c. had been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> in the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">same Bottom</span></em> with the Families above mentioned; especially, +as they could not, according to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the First's +own Phrase, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">look to the Pope, and row with +him</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the 6th of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotland</span></span>, and first +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, succeeded <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the First; +who, notwithstanding his eminent Possession of all the +Virtues that adorn and illustrate human Nature, +could neither divert the adverse Fate of Subjects, +or prevent his own. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Disseisin of many honest Families in the +County of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Kilkenny</span></span>, and elsewhere, by the Earl +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Strafford</span></span>, on stale Pretences of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Non +Performance of Covenants</span></span> on their Part; his Attempt of +confiscating twenty-five Parts in thirty of the +whole Province of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Connaught</span></span>, on a Claim of +Descent, dormant 300 Years, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">originally ill +founded</span></em>, with the arbitrary Steps by him taken to +the Accomplishment of this wasteful Purpose; +too clearly proved that Nobleman a second +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Verres</span></span>. The cruel and intoxicated Administration +of the Rump Parliament; the insolent, licentious, +and riotous Controul of the military +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Independents</span></span>; the abject Tyranny of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Oliver +Cromwell</span></span>, who prostrated Constitution, Church +and State, will always be recollected with the +Contempt, Horror, and Detestation of every +good Subject. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Calamities from 1641, to the happy Restoration +of King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the Second, in 1660, +being common to all good Subjects, were the +more tolerable, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ferre quam sortem +patiuntur omnes, nemo recusat</span></span>: But now or never, surely, might +his ever loyal, ever faithful <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Subjects have, +with the most reasonable Assurance, hoped, if +not for publick and lasting Rewards, the common +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page041">[pg 041]</span><a name="Pg041" id="Pg041" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Wages of uncommon Fidelity; at least, +for a Restitution of what had been their own, +through Ages immemorial. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Will late Posterity <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">believe</span></em>, that, in Favour of +mercenary Adventurers, who advanced Money +to provide for a desperate regicide Army; in +Favour of the Officers of this same Army, whom +their Ringleader <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cromwell</span></span>, seared as his Conscience +was, indulged with no more than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">temporary</span></em> +Grants of the Estates belonging to the +King's most faithful Subjects: Will Posterity, +I say, believe, that, in special Favour of such +Men, those <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">identical Subjects</span></em>, the bravest Advocates, +as well as the most affectionate undeviating +Friends of the Monarchy and Constitution, +were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for ever</span></em> deprived of their Properties! To +remunerate the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">others</span></em>, the most <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inveterate</span></em> and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">implacable</span></em> Enemies of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">EITHER</span></span>! <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Doing +Good for Evil</span></em> is a Divine Precept, and certainly includes +a most sublime Moral; but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rendering Evil for +Good</span></em>, is such a Principle as must carry Horror +with it, among savage Nations! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span>'s immediate Letter, on +this Subject, to King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the Second, as it +reflects Honour on the Memory of those illustrious +Sufferers, I therefore take Leave to transcribe +in this Place. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb">* * * * * </div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">His Most Christian Majesty's Letter to the King of +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Great Britain</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">, in Favour of the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman +Catholicks</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">.</span></span> +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Most High, Most Excellent, and Most +Potent Prince, our dear and well-beloved Brother +and Cousin! At the same Time that we +have been told of your Majesty's great Goodness +towards your Subjects, and the Precedent +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page042">[pg 042]</span><a name="Pg042" id="Pg042" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +you have given of an extraordinary Clemency, +in granting them your general Amnesty +(some few only excepted, of those +whom the Blood of their King, and that of +his People, cry aloud to Heaven for Revenge +against). We could not but let your Majesty +know, that we were extremely surprized to +hear, that the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Catholicks</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +were </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">excluded</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> from that Act of Oblivion, and, by +that Means, put into the Number of the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">most +criminal</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">! This News has so much the more +excited our Compassion towards them, that +we have been informed, that, in </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">all the +Changes</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> which have hitherto happened in your +Dominions, and in the almost general </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Defection +of</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> your Subjects, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">none</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> stood </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">more constant</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +to their lawful Sovereign, even in the greatest +Streights, than the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Catholicks</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">: So that, if +they are now branded for their Religion, it +may be said, for their Honour, that, in +Times past, none could be found </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">readier</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, or +more </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">cheerfully disposed</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, than </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">they</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, to serve +and assist their Prince; and that with so +much </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ardour</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, that their Zeal then for the +Royal Family was reckoned a certain Mark +of their true Religion. It is for that Reason +that we now become their Intercessors to you: +For, otherwise, had they </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">failed</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> in the Fidelity +they owe you, instead of interceding for +them, we would join with you in using them +with all imaginable Rigour; and it would +never come into our Thoughts to concern +ourselves, as we do, for the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Catholicks</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> of +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">; though we </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">were obliged to it</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, by the last +Treaty of Peace made with the Marquess of +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ormond</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, and which was granted them by our +Mediation. And, as we are well assured, +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page043">[pg 043]</span><a name="Pg043" id="Pg043" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +that, since the Conclusion of that Peace, they +have done Nothing which can be called a +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Failure of their Duty to you</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, we find ourselves +under so much the greater Obligation to conjure +you, to make good that Treaty to them, +in that they </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">religiously</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> observed it on </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">their</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +Side, in all its Parts: And to beseech you +not to suffer, that either the Hatred, which +an immoderate Zeal swells some bigotted Sectaries +with, nor the unlucky Spoils of these +poor People, render criminal or miserable the +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">most faithful</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of your Subjects; to whom their +lawful King, as you are, is not </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the less dear</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, +nor </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">less respected</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, because of a </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">different Belief</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +from </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">theirs</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. We propose Nothing to ourselves +in this, nor ask any Thing, but what +we daily </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">practise</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> (as you may know) towards +those of our Subjects who are of the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">reformed +Religion</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. And, as we have commanded the +Sieur Marquis </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">de Rouvigny</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> to explain our +Sentiments more amply on this Subject to +you, be pleased to give him a favourable Audience: +And, above all Things, be perswaded, +that, in this Affair, we have no less your +own </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">true Interest</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> in View, than what </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">natural +Reason</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> and </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Equity</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> requires; and that our sincere +Friendship for you is the principal Motive +of this Request. Dated at </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Paris</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, the 7th +of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">September</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, 1660.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">good</span></em> King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span>, regardless of this important +Solicitation, unattentive to the plain Suggestions +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">common Right</span></em>, and unaccountably +forgetful of all their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">past signal Services</span></em> and inviolate +Zeal; observed indeed that those faithful +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Subjects had no Stock; consequently, that +dispossessing the Adherents of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Oliver</span></span>, who, with +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page044">[pg 044]</span><a name="Pg044" id="Pg044" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the Land, had pirated the national Stock, would +cause much Confusion. As for the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">former</span></em>, he +hoped some Settlement might in Time be found +for them; (in Truth, I believe, for aught his +Majesty in Reality concerned himself, this might +have been in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Terra Australis Incognita</span></span>). Their +Want of Stock is the less to be admired at, it +being well known, that, with their Pay in foreign +Service, chiefly expended to contribute all +in their Power to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Royal Support</span></span>, they even +went so far as to sell their Plate, and valuable +Moveables, to answer the same <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">generous Purpose</span></em>: +But, when every known Acre in the Kingdom, +that could be disposed of, was given away +by Wholesale to the Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">York</span></span>, the Heir-apparent +of the Crown, (partial Distribution!) +to new-fangled Favourites, and the staunch old +Enemies of Church and Crown; it was hoped +some Lands might be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">yet</span></em> discovered, to satisfy +and compensate those <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Worthies, who had +Nothing left for their Support, beside an inalienable +Sense of Honour and Loyalty, and a Character +of invincible Fidelity (which all Nations +admired and applauded). No such Discovery, +however, was made, nor any relative to the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span>, under that Administration, but what +tended to convince them, by the famous Act +of Settlement, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> of the extraordinary severe +Peculiarity of their Fate! Yet, ordained to +shew Posterity unprecedented Specimens of Loyalty +and Zeal, they still adhered, with inflexible +Constancy, to the Fortunes of King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the +Second, not mindful of their Injuries by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> +the First, their unexampled Sufferings by the +excessive harsh Measures of King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> the +First, his Ministers, and Deputies, or their unheard-of +Treatment (I won't say <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Wrongs</span></em>, it +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page045">[pg 045]</span><a name="Pg045" id="Pg045" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +being a Maxim the King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span> can do none) +by King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charles</span></span> II. Little Wonder, a House, +constantly sapping it's own best Pillars, should +at length fall. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the Second, constrained to abdicate +the Throne of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, endeavoured the +Preservation of this his Kingdom of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, +where his faithful Subjects, (a Remnant of the +various and manifold Wastes of foregoing +Reigns) considering the thousand Disadvantages +they laboured under, made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such a Stand</span></em> as later +Ages will look up to with Astonishment! A +Parcel of Men, congregated in the utmost Hurry +and Confusion, undisciplin'd, unarm'd, uncloathed, +unpaid! Yet did those very Men, +animated by the Example of their heroick Leaders, +(I mean their immediate Lords and Countrymen) +on the Plains of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Aughrim</span></span>, convince +the best veteran Army that Day in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>, superior +in Numbers, excellently provided for in +every Respect, and conducted by a Prince of +singular Valour and Address, that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irishmen</span></span> were +deserving of more auspicious Stars. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Never was a more gallant Defence than they, +after this, made in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Limerick</span></span>; where, although +abandoned by the Prince, (whose Cause they +had so remarkably espoused) and his auxiliary +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span>, they obtained an honourable +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Capitulation</span></span> from those in Commission under King +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">William</span></span> the Third, whose strict <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Observance</span></em> +thereof, to the End of his glorious Life, reflects, +among many other his great Atchievements, +deserved Honour on his Memory. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The distinguished Figure made by those +Noblemen and Gentlemen, who, regardless of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Property</span></em> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ease</span></em>, followed the Destiny of that +hard-fated Prince, King <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the Second, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page046">[pg 046]</span><a name="Pg046" id="Pg046" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(namely, the Lords <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mount-Cashel</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tyrconnel</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clare</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lucan</span></span>, the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dillons</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nugents</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rooths</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Burkes</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lees</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fitz-Geralds</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cooks</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lacys</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Browns</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Wogans</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Baggots</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sheridans</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Creaghs</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plunkets</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barnewals</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Neagles</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lallys</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Carthys</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac +Donnels</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Guires</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Namarras</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Mahons</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Gennis's</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Neils</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Connors</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Donnels</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Briens</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Dwyers</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Shaghnussys</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Mahonys</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Sullivans</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Kellys</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Ferralls</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Reillys</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Haras</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Hogans</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Byrnes</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O Daes</span></span>, &c. +&c. &c. the military Annals of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Germany</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spain</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Flanders</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Italy</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Naples</span></span>, and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Russia</span></span>), must bear ample and authentic Testimony +of, to future Ages. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Those were they, of whom Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac en Crow</span></span> +gives the following concise, but just and happy +Character. +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Genus acre Bello, Studiis Genus acre +Minervæ, Devotumque mori pro Rege, Fidêque tuendis.</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Among those who followed the Fortunes of King +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">James</span></span> the Second, were Sir <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Richard Neagle</span></span>, +his Attorney-General, and Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Moore</span></span>, Provost +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trinity-college</span></span>, near <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>; two +Gentlemen very justly distinguished in their respective +Spheres; the former, a Gentleman of unshaken +Integrity, and great Capacity in the Profession +of the Laws; the latter, of exemplary Piety, +universal Learning, and fine Accomplishments. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Louis</span></span> the Fourteenth, then King of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span>, +protected those worthy deserving Men, with singular +Tenderness and Attention; and was instructed +and guided solely by Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Moore</span></span>, in the restoring, +establishing, and modelling the University +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>, at that gloomy Period! quite +buried in perplexed, unintelligible, peripatetic +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page047">[pg 047]</span><a name="Pg047" id="Pg047" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Philosophy, and disfigured with romantic Legends, +and Gothic Jingle! But, at the Doctor's +Appearance, Entities, Quiddities, Sympathies, +Antipathies, occult Qualities, substantial +Forms, metaphysical Degrees, Categories, and +all this unideal wordy Stuff, vanished; and +were succeeded by a clear, concise Method of +Reasoning, and sound, useful, and experimental +Philosophy. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hebrew</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Syriac</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chaldaic</span></span>, +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Arabic</span></span>, were Languages <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">untaught</span></em>, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unknown</span></em>, in the University of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>, before Dr. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Moore</span></span>; for whom particularly, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Louis</span></span> the +Fourteenth founded, established, and endowed the Royal +College, now called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">College du Cambray</span></span>: And +how well our Doctor succeeded therein, may be +inferred from the Character and Writings of +his Pupils and Hearers, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Boileau</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fontinelle</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Poréc</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Montesquieu</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fleuri</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lauguet</span></span>, with many +others, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rollin</span></span>, his peculiar Favourite and +immediate Successor, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></span> great Genius's, applauded +Writers, and celebrated Wits. So +that, as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> had the Honour of founding, it +had also that of restoring and reviving the great +University of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>, in the Persons of two of +its learned Natives. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Reign of her Majesty Queen <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Anne</span></span> (glorious +to her Arms, under the Conduct of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">John</span></span>, +Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Marlborough</span></span>, and her other Generals, +and justly distinguished by the Number of great +Genius's and Wits, who enlightened that Period) +was in this Kingdom chiefly employed in +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">additional</span></em> Acts against the further Growth of +Popery: And many there were, who deemed it +an unparallel'd Severity in her Majesty, to give +her Royal Assent to them particular Laws; by +which the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman Catholicks</span></span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> +(already ruined by their inimitable Allegiance to her +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page048">[pg 048]</span><a name="Pg048" id="Pg048" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Royal Father, Uncle, and Grandfather) were +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">precluded</span></em> from availing themselves, by a tolerable +easy Lease, of any Part or Parcel of these Estates, +forfeited by their Ancestors, thro' their +unremitting Endeavours, to support and maintain +that Stem, of which she was herself an immediate +Branch. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +So late even as this Reign, the whole Kingdom +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> was a desolate diffusive Scene of +total Decay! covered with all the ghastly Symptoms +of the Consumption of Centuries! But, +at length, on the happy Accession of his late +Majesty of glorious Memory, the blissful Morning +of Peace and Concord began its auspicious +Dawn! Yet, as Time, publick Spirit, Patriotism +(in its highest Conception) and unwearied +Diligence, were all collectively essential to the +giving Life, Vigour, and Activity, to national +Industry and Improvement, so very long in a +melancholy State of Languor and Oppression: +Not before the present truly glorious Reign, did +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hibernia</span></span> tune her old Harp, now newly strung +to universal Harmony and Elegance, and rear +her awful Head from the stupid dismal Dozes +of Ages; where comes the literal Application +of my third Motto, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Renascimur</span></span>. +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Hinc priscæ redeunt Artes, felicibus inde +Ingeniis aperitur iter, despectaque Musæ +Colla levant.——</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Having travelled through a tedious Night, +thick-set with Horrors of various Hues! and +thus come to the End of a painful Journey; +give me Leave, kind Reader, to indulge awhile +with admiring the beautiful Variety of Objects, +which now surround me, to the serene Delight +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page049">[pg 049]</span><a name="Pg049" id="Pg049" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of the Mind, and refined Gratification of Sense; +before I attempt that Display of them to which +I have no Occasion of professing my Inequality. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In this Reign, and not before, our Linen +Manufacture, in many Respects one of the most +profitable Branches of our national Commerce, +received all the Encouragement from Royal +Bounty, and Parliamentary Sanction, that could +be reasonably hoped for. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Persons of the highest Rank, Dignity, and +Fortune, were appointed <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trustees</span></span> for the Propagation, +Encouragement, and Diffusion, of this +beneficial Trade, throughout the respective Provinces. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Linen-Hall</span></span> was erected in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>, under +as just and nice Regulations as any commercial +House in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The North of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> began to wear an Aspect +entirely new; and, from being (through +Want of Industry, Business, and Tillage) the +almost exhausted Nursery of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">American</span></span> Plantations, +soon became a populous Scene of Improvement, +Traffic, Wealth, and Plenty; and +is, at this Day, a well-planted District, considerable +for Numbers of well-affected, useful, +and industrious Subjects. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now arose, now shone forth, the ever Honourable +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dublin Society</span></span>; a Society equalled +by none. It is true, we read of Patriarchs, Philosophers, +Warriors, Orators, and Poets; of +Senates, Parliaments, Councils, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> but we no +where, abstracted from our own Country, meet +a Set of pious Patriots, from their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">private +Funds</span></em>, adorning their Country in general, in +every Degree and Branch of Industry, and Improvement; +and, inspired with Sentiments truly +public and social, munificently rewarding their +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page050">[pg 050]</span><a name="Pg050" id="Pg050" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Countrymen, of whatsoever Denomination, without +Favour or Distinction; for meliorating their +proper Estates, or Farms; for excelling in any +Production of Nature, or Art; for any Discovery, +or Invention, useful to Mankind: A Set +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">truly honourable</span></em>, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">generous</span></em> Personages, instructing +their Countrymen with clear, yet philosophical +Precepts, encouraging them by their +Example, and rewarding them from their inexhaustible +Bounty! <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Such</span></em>, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such unrivalled</span></em>, +is the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Illustrious Dublin Society</span></span>! What +Pity, the ample Distributions, and instructive +Writings of this learned and munificent Body, are not regularly published, +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Latin</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span>, +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span>, for the peculiar Honour of this +Nation, the Edification of Posterity, and as a +bright Pattern of Imitation to all other civiliz'd +Countries! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now likewise appeared the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Philharmonic Society</span></span>, +that, (from a few Gentlemen, who used +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">occasionally</span></em> to meet, in order to while away an +Hour with a gentle Tune, and chearful Glass) +grew into an harmonious Body, not alone for +the Improvement of the charming Art of Music, +but for the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">effectual Relief</span></em> also of successive +Thousands, from Misery, Famine, and Confinement: +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Concordiâ res parvæ crescunt</span></span>. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Orpheus</span></span>, +we are told, built the Walls of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thebes</span></span>, +by the irresistible Powers of Harmony: Be this +true or fabulous; how many Iron Gates have +we not seen open, to the persuasive Charities of +this tuneful Society! how many gloomy Cells +vacated by their Charms! This elegant Society, +by moderate Loans, Interest-free to the industrious +Poor, prevents many such from getting +into the Distress of Prisons, or following offensive +Courses; and, by enabling them to obtain +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page051">[pg 051]</span><a name="Pg051" id="Pg051" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +an honest Livelihood, rendereth them useful +Members to the Community: So that, of this +Society, it might have been justly said, +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Omne tulit Punctum quæ miscuit +utile dulci.</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In this happy Reign was incorporated, under +the protective Sanction of Royal Bounty, a +Society, truly Christian, for the pious Establishment +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Protestant</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Charter-Schools</span></span> +throughout the Kingdom: An Institution far +more productive of national Morality, and Reformation, +than excommunicative Discipline, or +restrictive penal Statutes; since Persuasion and +Rewards have ever been, and must ever continue +to be, more consistent with the meek and benevolent +Temper of true Christianity, more effectual, +Apostolic, and Catholic, than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Punishments</span></em>, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Persecution</span></em>, or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Sequestrations</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In this Reign shines out a Christian Divine, +who, in the inestimable individual Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Madden</span></span>, +collects <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a whole Society of Patriots</span></em>; a venerable +Man, not alone the Guide of his particular +Congregation, but a pure, also clear and lasting +Light of Perfection, and noble Imitation, to +his Countrymen in general. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">On <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Madden</span></span>, kindred Angels smile!</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bright Mirrour to his native Isle!</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">To whom old Age shall say, and Youth,</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">With grateful and prophetic Truth,</div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Semper Honos, Nomenq; tuum, Laudesq; +manebunt.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patrick's</span></span> Hospital, for the Reception of +Lunaticks and Ideots, a lasting Monument of +the late Dean <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Swift's</span></span> Charity, as are his various +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page052">[pg 052]</span><a name="Pg052" id="Pg052" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Writings, of his great Genius and Wit: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mercer's</span></span> +charitable Hospitable in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Stephen-street</span></span>: The +noble Hospital for the Relief of poor Lying-inn-Women, +of the Projection of our late excellent +Countryman, Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bartholomew Mosse</span></span>; +by which a great Number of Women and Children +are preserved from miserable and untimely +Ends: The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charitable Infirmary</span></span> on the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inns-Quay</span></span>: The New Hospital for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Incurables</span></span>, +on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lazer's-Hill</span></span>: +St. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nicholas's</span></span> Hospital, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Francis-street</span></span>: +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Meath</span></span> Hospital, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Skinner's Alley</span></span>: +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lock</span></span> Hospital, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">George's-Lane</span></span>, +for hapless Women and Children, tainted with the Venereal +Infection: And the Charitable Hospital in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">King-street, +Oxmantown</span></span>, are all the humane and pious +Growth of this transcendent Reign. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Those Hospitals are duly and regularly attended, +by the most eminent Physicians, and +skilful Surgeons, without Fee or Reward: So +that, from this obvious Consideration, the frequent +and large Collections in our Churches, for +the comfortable Support, and Christian Education, +of indigent Boys; the stated Distributions +of our Chief Magistrates, to the Helpless and +Needy; and, in Truth, from the general Disposition +of its worthy Inhabitants; we may, +without any Risque of incurring the least Censure +of Adulation, or Vanity, pronounce <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dublin</span></span> +as charitable a Metropolis as any in the known +World. In the beautiful new Garden, plann'd +by Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mosse</span></span>, breathing in all the natural Fragrance +of the Spring, adorned with all the Elegancies +of Art, all the Splendor of Illumination, +and inspired with the most soothing +Charms of delightful Harmony; to behold +Crowds of young Ladies, in the full Glow of +Beauty, and Bloom of Youth, finely habited, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page053">[pg 053]</span><a name="Pg053" id="Pg053" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and elegantly decorated in the Manufactures of +our own Country, (and finished in the most exquisite +Taste, by our own Artizans); to behold +them, I say, converting their very Amusements +and Recreations to the heavenly Purposes of relieving +the Distressed, must, to every thinking +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Spectator, afford a Prospect of the utmost +rational Joy! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As all Men, who render their Country distinguished +Honour, or singular Service, deserve, +therefore, lasting Monuments of public grateful +Acknowledgment to their Memories; it is +hoped that, in this Respect, Dr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mosse</span></span> will not +be forgotten by those who are evidently fond of +encouraging and rewarding public Zeal: +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eternal Joys to <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Mosse</span></span> kind Heaven give,</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">By whom, on Earth, so many Thousands live!</div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Marine Society</span></span>, of recent Institution also, +disposeth many poor young Men into a Condition +of acquiring an honest, and praise-worthy +Livelihood, and of becoming useful Members +of the Community; by serving on Board of his +Majesty's Fleets in War-time, and serving our +Merchants in Times of Peace; and, in this +double Capacity, of contributing to the general +Welfare of their Mother-Country, to which +they may otherwise prove a Burden. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Our publick Entertainments of various Kinds +are, for the most Part, conducted with strict +Propriety, and real Politeness; those especially +of the Theatre, which should, by no Means, +pass for Matter of slight or casual Consideration; +seeing the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Romans</span></span>, the greatest of all People, +esteemed the Theatre worthy the Attention of +particular Laws, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roscia Lex Theatralis</span></span>, &c. Mr. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page054">[pg 054]</span><a name="Pg054" id="Pg054" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sheridan</span></span>'s general Merit as a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Player</span></span> +stands confessed; but as a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Manager</span></span>, that Gentleman's falling +frequently under the heavy Displeasure of +the Public, (whether from an haughty Distaste +to his Profession, or indulged Arrogance of +Temper) with his violent Introduction of anti-dramatick +Rope and Wire-dancing, Tumbling, +and Fire-eating, to the visible Degradation of a +liberal Stage, whereon nothing mean, shocking, +or monstrous, should ever appear; he hath not +succeeded so well: Then, his Scheme of uniting +an Academy, for the sober regular Education +of Youth, with a publick Theatre, seemed +rather the feverish Delusion of a distempered +Brain, and heated Imagination, than the cool +deliberate Result of rational Judgment; from +which fermented Source, also seem'd directly to +flow his avowed Concern for the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">long lost Art of +Oratory</span></em> among us: Had Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sheridan</span></span> attended +to the Debates of our High Court of Parliament; +been frequent in our different Churches, +and at the Bars of our Courts of Judicature; +and had, in this Case, formed a comparative +Judgment, from the Writings of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Demosthenes</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plato</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Isocrates</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cicero</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pliny</span></span> the Younger; +from the Rules and Precepts of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Aristotle</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Longinus</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Horace</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quinctilian</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scaliger</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rapin</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Porée</span></span>, +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rollin</span></span>; he had been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em> convinced how +little Occasion there was for his <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">lamenting</span></em> the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Loss</span></em> of an Art in this Kingdom, which breathes +there in full Maturity of all it's persuasive +Charms. This his dogmatical Assertion of the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">long-lost Art of Oratory</span></em>, his wild <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Academical</span></em> Projects, +with the foregoing theatrical Inconsistencies, +too much subject that Gentleman to the +Character given, by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman</span></span> Satirist, of an +assuming sharp-set <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Greekling</span></span>: +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page055">[pg 055]</span><a name="Pg055" id="Pg055" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Gramaticus, Rhetor, Geometres, Pictor, Aliptes, +Augur, Scœnobates, Medicus, Magus, omnia novit.</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Upon the Whole, I will readily grant Mr. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sheridan</span></span> a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roscius</span></span>, if the Name can sooth +him; a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Critic</span></em>; nay, an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Orator</span></em>; but I shall be bold +to assert, that we have many, very many, in +this Kingdom, of far greater Powers than that +Gentleman, whereof some of his Orations, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so +called</span></em>, are incontrovertible Testimonies. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This Kingdom hath of late Years exhibited +as justly celebrated Male and Female Players, +as any other; evinced in the Characters of +Messieurs <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quin</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ryan</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Delane</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sheridan</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barry</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mossop</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dexter</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sparks</span></span>, Mrs. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Woffington</span></span>, the +inimitable Mrs. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fitz-Henry</span></span>, and several others, +of either Sex. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barry</span></span>'s Capacity, as a Manager, appeareth +equal to his eminently-affecting Powers +in Tragedy, (so generally known, and so unexceptionably +confessed) from the magnificent +Theatre, erected by that Gentleman, with amazing +Expedition, in Grandeur, Convenience, +and Elegance, preferable to any in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">London</span></span>, or +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paris</span></span>: From the obliging Decency the respective +Performances thereof are conducted with, and +evidently from the surpassing theatrical Abilities +of the Company, that, with the most engaging +Variety, entertains the Publick in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Crow-street</span></span> +Play-house. I have sometimes seen, and have +been as often delighted, with Performances of +the Gentlemen just mentioned, as with those of +the admired Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Garrick</span></span>, and the famous Messieurs +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dufrésne</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gossin</span></span>, and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quinault</span></span>; and, if I +may take Leave to declare my Opinion, am +therein clear that Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barry</span></span>, in the exquisitely +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page056">[pg 056]</span><a name="Pg056" id="Pg056" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +pathetick Strokes of deep Tragedy, touches the +Soul with as much delicate Sensibility, and, in +the irrefrainable Sallies of the more boisterous +Passions, soars with as majestick Wings, as any +one of them, I will not say higher. To behold +Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barry</span></span>, sublimely struggling in a Storm of +Adversity, with the sudden Shocks, and unexpected +Blows of Fortune; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em>, (when all human +Efforts must yield to inevitable Necessity) +sinking in the irretrievable Plunge of Sorrow +and Calamities, with that calm Resignation ever +attendant on true Heroism; must convince any +judicious Spectator of his being born a Tragedian. +I must here declare, that what I have +advanced on this Subject neither ariseth from +Prepossession on one Side, or Prejudice on the +other; having no Manner of Connection, nay, +not even a personal Acquaintance, with Mr. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barry</span></span>; nor any Objection to Mr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sheridan</span></span>, +but such as must naturally issue from my just Resentment +against any Individual, of whatsoever +Rank, Character, or Denomination, who should +prove so ignorant, and yet so hardy, as to declare +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Elocution lost</span></span> in our native Country; an illiberal +Censure, which, if true, had necessarily wrapped +our High Court of Parliament, the whole Body +of our Clergy, our University, Bench and Bar, +in Shades that, I am certain, had been never +dispell'd by the Approach of Light, so dim and +glimmering as that Gentleman's. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let us now take a summary View of the Inhabitants +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, in their respective Ranks: +And to begin with the Peers: Are they not such +Personages, as, by their Munificence, Affability +of Manners, Easiness of Comportment, +Propriety of Appearance, and Generosity in +dealing, reflect true Honour on Nobility; and, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page057">[pg 057]</span><a name="Pg057" id="Pg057" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Reality, derive their superior Rank, as much +from the Pre-eminence of their Virtues, as from +the constitutional Dignity of their Titles? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Encrease of our People, Wealth, Commerce, +Industry, Arts, Inventions; the extraordinary +additional Number, in this happy +Reign, of our beautiful Seats, elegant Improvements, +useful and ornamental Plantations, extensive +Inclosures, excellent high Roads, (formerly +almost impassable,) with the visible Reformation +in national Harmony, and Allegiance, +will best suggest an Idea of the Honourable the +House of Commons of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, composed of +such candid Spirits, as, neither the Smiles or +Frowns of superior Influence, popular Views, +or private Connections, can bend from the various +essential Duties due to their King, their +Country, and themselves; constant in their +Attendance; careful in their Protection; and +zealous in their Promotion of publick Felicity; +not more extensive in their noble Projects, for +this great Purpose, than expeditious in carrying +those into Execution. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Our Constitution, partly of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gothic</span></span>, partly of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Norman</span></span> Institution, (the first High Court of +Parliament on the present Establishment, having +been ordained in the Reign of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Henry</span></span> the First, +Son of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">William</span></span> the Conquerer) avoiding the +turbulent Licentiousness of a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Democracy</span></span>, the +factious domineering Temper of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Aristocracy</span></span>, and +the variable oppressive Sway of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Arbitrary Monarchy</span></span>; +but including, by an harmonious Assemblage, +the essential Virtues of those different +Systems of Government; is unquestionably the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">best digested</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wisest</span></em> in the known World: +Under which, the King and the Nobles, with +the Commons, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unite</span></em>, to extend the Commerce, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page058">[pg 058]</span><a name="Pg058" id="Pg058" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +promote the Happiness, guard over the Safety, +preserve the Lives, defend the Characters, support +the Liberties, and protect the Property of +the People. Bless'd Constitution! O! may it +ever flourish! under whose mild and preservative +Influence, a few only feel Restraint; except +from the Commission of private Evil, or +social Injury. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have said a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Few only</span></em>; because there are some +among us, who, on the Score of Religion, are +secluded from permanent Property: And even +Those, it is hoped, will, in Consideration of the +invariable Tenor of their humble and pacific +Conduct, from the Capitulation of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Limerick</span></span>, to +this Day; and from their unanimous and chearful +Obedience to our Civil Government, e're +long obtain some Mitigation of their Affairs; +such the benevolent Temper and Disposition of +the present incomparable Reign! Some late +excellent<a id="noteref_3" name="noteref_3" href="#note_3"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span></a> +Pamphlets, wherein these Gentlemen's +political Principles are fully and clearly explained, +shew of what signal Advantage it had been +to the Numbers, Industry, Health, Wealth, +and Beauty of this Kingdom, to indulge them +a Property, even in our uncultivated Mountains, +dreary Wastes, and noxious Marshes: +Which Measure, should it appear in a true Light +to our worthy Representatives, we may in a +few Years more, hope to see <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> one of the +most beautiful, best-improved, best-conditioned +Islands in the Universe. Our Bench is adorned +with Honourable Personages, conspicuous for +Learning, Integrity, Humanity, and Impartiality; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page059">[pg 059]</span><a name="Pg059" id="Pg059" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of whom, it may be boldly affirmed, +and with the strictest Truth, that they are not +Favourers of Persons. The present Lord Chief +Justice of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">King-Bench</span></span>, the late Master of +the Rolls, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, +Natives of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, formed a Triumvirate, whose +Learning, Worth, and distinguished Abilities, +had rendered them eminently respectable in the +brightest Æras, either of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman</span></span> Commonwealth, +or Empire. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Our Attorney and Solicitor General, our Serjeants +at Law, and King's Council, with many +eminent Barristers, and a Set of learned eloquent +young Gentlemen, all shining out together; +such as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tully</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hortensius</span></span>, and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pliny</span></span>, had with +fond Tenderness cherished and with pleasing +Pride, avowed for their Pupils; form as distinguished +a Body of Advocates and Orators, as +adorn any Courts of Judicature in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the Diocese of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span> existeth a truly +pious Society for the Relief and Support of the +Widows and Children of the inferior Clergy +thereof. It is, indeed, surprizing in a Kingdom, +such (thank Heaven) as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> is, that +the Example of this charitable Society, hath +not been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">universally</span></em> followed. It hath often +affected me to the Quick, to have seen a learned +Divine, after a tedious and painful Free-School +Institution, and expensive University Education, +struggling, upon a poor Pension or Salary of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Forty</span></em> Pounds a Year, to maintain an honest +Gentlewoman, Children, and Servants, (and +really with some Decency of Hospitality) sedulously +discharging, at the same Time, the different +Duties of the pastoral Function; when a +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">foreign Fidler</span></em> shall run away with tripple that +Sum, or more, for one Night's Performance. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page060">[pg 060]</span><a name="Pg060" id="Pg060" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +I would by no Means be understood to derogate +from the Merits of fine Performers in the different +Parts of Musick, or endeavour to diminish +their reasonable Perquisites: But, surely, +such Men and such Things are not to be thought +of, in Competition with those, who, by Teaching +and Preaching, refine our Morals, instruct +our Understandings, inform our Lives, and enlighten +our Souls with the celestial Spirit of the +Christian Faith; and thereby happily lead us, +through this transient and precarious State, to +eternal Tranquilly and Bliss. I am not a +Preacher; but thus far shall venture: As the +Fear of the Lord is the Beginning of Wisdom, +our generally following the heavenly Example +of this venerable Society, must be a great Test +as well of the one, as the other. If the Bishops, +the temporal Lords, and great estated Men of +each Diocese, would but graciously lead the +Way, it is not unlikely they had been attended +by Crowds of zealous Followers: And, in Fact, +a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">small</span></em> Matter <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">annually set apart</span></em>, from even the +superfluous Outgoings of the Wealthy and +Opulent, of different Ranks, would very happily +answer the generous noble End of preserving, +from an anxious State of particular Dependance, +Numbers of virtuous, well-educated +Gentlewomen, and their Children, from the various +Miseries, which the untimely Death of a +Father, and narrow Circumstances, but too frequently +expose them to; an End so every Way +worthy the natural Disposition, the benevolent +Temper, the inherent Hospitality, and the essentially-charitable +Character of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Protestant</span></span> Brethren, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissenters</span></span>, +by a prudent and pious Regulation of secreting one +Pound a Year, each parochial Minister, for this +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page061">[pg 061]</span><a name="Pg061" id="Pg061" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +religiously humane Purpose, have constantly a +Fund sufficient to allow the Relict of each +Clergyman twenty Pounds a Year, (which preserves +her from the Miseries of Want and Dependance) +and have, at some Periods, where-with +to set their Children up, in an honest and +creditable Way of living. As we are emulously +fond of adopting the Wisdom and Virtues of +each Christian Sect and Society, it is fervently +hoped we will also this tender and pious Scheme; +a Scheme so comprehensive of true Charity, and +so productive of social and happy Effects! How +difficult is it for Minds, crowded with Cares, +and beset with the pressing Calls of Family-preservation, +to attend, with due Composure and +Inclination, to the various indispensible Duties +of the pastoral Office? But how chearfully would +those Reverend Gentlemen proceed in their +divine Mission, when, by some visible Provision +for the proper Objects of their present Cares and +future Concern, they should, in a great Measure, +be released from domestick Anxiety, from +gloomy Apprehensions, and alarming Prospects, +into the temporal Futurity of those, for whom +they must be necessarily affected with the most +tender Feelings! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The most convincing and decisive Method of +adjudging Causes, being by a comprehensive +View and critical Examination of their Effects; +of Streams, by a nice Scrutiny and Investigation +of their Sources; hence may we, from the +shining Characters, and extensive Abilities of +our Divines and Barristers, frame a just Idea of +the University of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>, which, for Compass +and Extent of the Sciences, Variety of elegant +Arts, found Erudition, and polite Literature +therein taught, in the most regular and perspicuous +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page062">[pg 062]</span><a name="Pg062" id="Pg062" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Methods, is equalled by few, excelled by +none. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Students are carefully instructed in the +more refined Parts of classical Learning; oriental, +antient, and modern Languages; Criticism, +sacred and profane History, Oratory, Logick, +Ethicks, and Metaphysicks; in natural and experimental +Philosophy; Anatomy, Botany and +Chymistry; the mathematicks, in Theory and +Practice; Civil and Canon Laws; Theology, +Controversy, and Ecclesiastical History: So +that, with a good Capacity, and regular Application, +one may depart this University, as +completely and happily instituted for the honorary +Professions of Life, as may be reasonably +expected from any Nursery of Learning extant. +The obtaining a Fellowship in this University, +is a demonstrative Test of comprehensive native +Talents, thorough intellectual Cultivation, +deep and various learned Acquirements. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Newtonian</span></span> Philosophy, the excellent +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Boyle</span></span>'s experimental Philosophy, and Mr. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Locke</span></span>'s Metaphysicks, +prevail much in the College of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>: +Which, for Extent, Convenience, Magnificence, +and a most sumptuous elegant Library, +exceeds any one College in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>. The beautiful +Parks belonging to it, seem actually, on a +serene Evening, the delightful Vale of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tempe</span></span>, +or enchanting Recesses of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Parnassus</span></span>, inhabited +by all the Muses, all the Graces, with their +charming Train. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Trade of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, however in former +Times miserably restrained and limited, hath in +this happy Reign received considerable Enlargements; +such as, the opening several Wooll-Ports; +the Bounty on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Linens, now our +staple Commodity, imported into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Great-Britain</span></span>; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page063">[pg 063]</span><a name="Pg063" id="Pg063" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and the Immunity lately granted of importing +thither Beef, Butter, Tallow, Candles, Pork, +Hides, live Cattle, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> a Privilege that, in its +Consequences, must prove of signal Advantage +to both Nations; to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> especially, as we shall +hereby be enabled, upon any occasional Exigency, +to supply our protecting Friends, and proportionably +stint the Hands of our Enemies, +who, (by the Profusion of Wines and spirituous +Liquors, annually exported from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span> to +Ireland, in Exchange for our Beef, Butter, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> +to pass over the Gluts of Teas and Spirits, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> +smuggled thence by the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">western</span></em> Runners) have +constantly the Balance on their Side. Our Exports, +with those already mentioned, consist in +a few Cheeses, Salmon and Kelp: But, as our +Linens are, without Question, become the vital +Spring of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Commerce, it is Matter of great +Concern and equal Surprize, that the other Provinces +do not more <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">universally</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">effectually</span></em> follow +the lucrative Example of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">North</span></span>! since, +it is evident, nothing but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">equal Industry</span></em> can be +wanting to render them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">equally flourishing</span></em>, The +Over-growth of Graziers and Stockmasters, is +the strongest Indication that can be of national +Waste and Decay, in respect of Inhabitants. +What could a Foreigner, travelling among us, +particularly in the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">western</span></em> Counties, some Summers +past, judge of our national Wisdom and +Oeconomy? Would he not start even at our +Humanity, on seeing the best arable Grounds +in the Kingdom, in immense Tracts, wantonly +enjoyed by the Cattle of a few petulant Individuals; +and at the same Juncture, our high +Ways and Streets crowded with Shoals of mendicant +fellow-creatures! reduced, through Want +of proper Sustenance, to the utmost Distress? +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page064">[pg 064]</span><a name="Pg064" id="Pg064" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Would not a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Frenchman</span></span> for Example, give a +Shrug extraordinary, at finding, in every little +Inn, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bourdeaux</span></span> Claret and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nantz</span></span> Brandy, +though, in all Likelihood, not a Morsel of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> +Bread? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is much to be hoped, That, when the Spirit +of Tillage should become more general and +active, our Farmers more attentive to the +Growth of the best Kinds of Grain, and our +Brewers, more attentive to the Rules and Precepts +for that Purpose laid down by the Honourable +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dublin Society</span></span>; we shall have +little or no Occasion for that Inundation of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">London +Porter</span></span>; (an heavy, cloudy, intoxicating, +ill-flavoured Liquor) that annually overflows +this City and other Parts of the Kingdom; as, +in the above Case, we may have a sufficient +Plenty and Variety of Malt Liquors, our own +native Produce, far better than any imported; +and, in Case of a Redundancy of Grain, (a +Matter not very likely to happen) may, with +moderate Care, have Spirituous Liquors of far +a more wholesome Nature, exquisite Taste, and +delicate Flavour, than those imported at an extraordinary +Expence; and but too often adulterated, +in the first Concoction. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We have, in several Parts of this Kingdom, +(in the Province of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Munster</span></span> especially) a recy, +spirituous, fine-flavoured Cyder, very little, if +at all, inferior to the best imported White +Wines; and a moderate Plenty of grateful +Honey-Liquors, which, with our prime Beef, +Mutton, Pork, Veal, Lamb, Variety of Fowls, +tame and wild; red and fallow Deer; Hares, +Rabbits, Pidgeons, Pheasants, Grouse; and +Partridge; wild Duck, Plover, Snipe, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> +Lake, River, Shell and Sea Fish, of all Kinds; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page065">[pg 065]</span><a name="Pg065" id="Pg065" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the Produce of the Garden, (Horticulture having +of late Years so vastly improved among us, +that we now have many curious Plants, Fruits, +and Flowers, not only not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">known</span></em>, but never +even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">heard of</span></em>, in former Times) and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> in such +Plenty and Perfection, as demonstrate <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> +happier than most other Countries, in regard +of the Necessaries and even of the Delicacies of +Life; to which may be added, the great Number +of our beautiful Lakes, noble Rivers, pure +Fountains, limpid Streams, and Health-restoring +mineral Wells.<a id="noteref_4" name="noteref_4" href="#note_4"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">4</span></span></a> In this Country are bred +valuable Horses, for the Draught, Road, and +Chace; and for the Course, as high-formed +ones, as in any Part of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Europe</span></span>; and large horned +Cattle, and Sheep in Abundance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It must afford real Satisfaction to consider the +universal and visible Reformation in the Lives +and Morals even of our common People, clearly +evinced in this, that (thank Heaven) fewer +legal Punishments succeed an entire Circuit, in our +happy Days, than did a single Assize in former +Reigns: And, without Question, this Reformation +must still rise higher, in Proportion to the +Lenity of our worthy Legislature, and wise Indulgence +of our landed Men, who must certainly +find it more conducive to the Welfare of the +State, and to their own Strength, Honour, and +Interest, to have their Estates farmed and inhabited +by a great Number of honest, laborious +improving Families, than wasted by a few Purse-proud +Bullock-Brokers, who rarely allow the +wretched Herd of an hundred, as much Ground +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page066">[pg 066]</span><a name="Pg066" id="Pg066" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +for his own and poor Family's Support, as is +equal to that of two Bullocks. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Suppose a Gentleman was to let two thousand +Acres of arable Ground to farm; were it not +demonstrably more conducive to all the foregoing +Motives, to dispose of these to twenty honest, +industrious Families, at an hundred Acres each, +than to any one Beau-Grazier whatever? From +the twenty Tenures, the Landlord may, in any +national Shock, raise a considerable Number of +effective Hands, and zealous Hearts, for the +Service of the Crown, or Defence of his Country; +and reap many signal Advantages to the +public and private Concernments of Life, not +possibly derivable from the anti-social Monopolizers +and Forestallers of Farms; who ever fondly +attribute their Growth to their own Sagacity +and Cleverness, without any the least Gratitude +or Obligation to the Land-owner. These Sentiments, +it is hoped, will every Day gain more +and more Consideration with our wise and beneficent +Legislature, Nobility and Gentry. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Many intelligent Persons, of all Ranks, complain +much of the Want of some Establishment +in the Way of a national Bank, to secure popular +Credit, and the Kingdom from the various +alarming Shocks it is so frequently incident to, +on Account of the Failure of particular Banks. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Nobility and Gentry of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, are +Loyalists and Patriots by Principle and Education: +They are brave, without Arrogance; gay, +without Levity; polite, without Affectation; +charitable, without Ostentation; religious, without +Formality; affable, without Meanness; +generous, without View; and hospitable, without +Reserve: In their Converse, easy; in their +Dealings just; placable in their Resentments, in +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page067">[pg 067]</span><a name="Pg067" id="Pg067" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +their Friendship steady:—They have neither +the volatile Airyness of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Frenchman</span></span>, the stated +Gravity of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spaniard</span></span>; the supicious Jealousy +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Italian</span></span>; the forbidding Haughtiness of +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">German</span></span>; the saturnine Gloominess of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Flandrican</span></span>, nor the sordid Parsimony of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dutchman</span></span>: In short, they are neither whimsical, +splenetic, sullen or capricious:—And, as for +Cunning, Craft, or Dissimulation, these are such +sorry Guests as never found Shelter in the generous +Breast of an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish</span></span> Noble or Gentleman; so +that, if we consider this Country, with regard +to its military Fame, constitutional Wisdom, +Learning, Arts, Improvements, and natural +Advantages; and above all, the benevolent +Temper, charitable and hospitable Disposition +of its Inhabitants; it is true, we may find many +of more popular Bustle and Eclat, more extensive +Commerce, greater Opulence and Pomp; +but none of more general, solid, and intrinsick +Worth, than <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I shall conclude with the following Proposition +to any one, who may arrogate to himself +Praise or Wit, by ridiculing <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Si quid Novisti rectius +istis—</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Candidus imperti; Si non, his utere +mecum.</span></span></div> +</div> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page068">[pg 068]</span><a name="Pg068" id="Pg068" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc5" id="toc5"></a> +<a name="pdf6" id="pdf6"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">The Farmer's Case Of The Roman-Catholics Of </span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 173%; font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span><span style="font-size: 173%">.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Letter</span></span> from a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Member</span></span> of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Protestant Church</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dear Sir</span></span>, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I think myself indebted to any Occasion +that restores you to a Friend, +whom I feared you had long forgotten. +But I confess, at the same +Time, that the Pleasure of hearing +from you, after a Silence of Several Years, is, +in some Measure, damped by the Censure that +seems to constitute the chief Intent of your +Letter. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page069">[pg 069]</span><a name="Pg069" id="Pg069" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You tell me that you lately happened upon +some Papers that were entitled The FARMER's +LETTERS, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></span> which were imputed to me +as the Author. And, after some Compliments +on Spirit, and Genius, and so forth, in order to +palliate, as I suppose, what you purpose to administer, +you charge me, by Implication, with +Crimes, whose smallest Tendency I should abhor +in myself, as in any Man breathing. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You say, favourably enough for your own +Disposition, that you have long looked on the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman-Catholics</span></span> of these Kingdoms as a discountenanced +and pitiable People. That you +would choose to allow to others the same Latitude +of Conscience that you like for yourself. +That it is not a Part of Humanity to break a +Reed already bruised. That such a Treatment +would be blameable respecting any Individual; +how much more so, in Prejudice of a whole +People. That those Papers are pointed with a +Keenness of Enmity, for which the Talents, +which you are pleased to ascribe, cannot sufficiently +apologize. And, that you did not think +me capable of exasperating Government and +Power against a Set of Men who were already +under the Displeasure and Depression of the +Law. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +These, my dear Friend, are home and heavy +Accusations, however tempered by Expressions +of Kindness and Affection from the Man whom +I sincerely love and respect. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, if I know any-thing of myself, the Quality, +called Ill-nature, is not my Characteristic. +I would not exchange one Grain of Good-heart +for all the Wit of a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">C----d</span></span> or Comprehension +of a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">P--tt</span></span>, independent of their Virtue. +And I may say, with great Truth, that an Excess +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page070">[pg 070]</span><a name="Pg070" id="Pg070" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of Humanity hath occasioned all the Misfortunes +and Distresses of my Life. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I most solemnly assure you, that when I wrote +those Letters I was in perfect Love and Charity +with every <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman Catholic</span></span> in the Kingdom of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>. I knew that they were a depressed People. +I had long pitied them as such. I was +sensible that the Laws, under which they suffered, +had been enacted by our Ancestors, when +the Impressions of Hostility were fresh and +warm, and when Passion, if I may venture to +say so, co-operated, in some Measure, with +Utility and Reason. I will go a Step further. +I thought those Laws not severe enough to suppress +them as Enemies, nor yet sufficiently favourable +to attach them to us as Friends. They +were not so cruel as, wholly, to serve for quelling; +and yet they had a Poignancy that might +tend to provoke. And all this I imputed to the +Resentment that was blended with the Humanity +of our Ancestors. Their Humanity left to Papists +a Power of hurting, while their Resentment +abridged the Inducements that might engage +them to serve us. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Believe me, Sir, I never was of a cruel or +persecuting Disposition. I was grieved to see +the Discouragements under which the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman +Catholics</span></span> of this Kingdom laboured, but these +very Discouragements made me fear them the +more. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Previous to the Letters, which you censure so +warmly, a dangerous Rebellion had broken out +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotland</span></span>, in consequence of a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span> +Invasion, that was headed by a Popish Pretender to the +Throne. Be pleased to remember, (if it is not +too mortifying a Recollection for a free-born +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Briton</span></span>) the Pannic into which all <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span> +was +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page071">[pg 071]</span><a name="Pg071" id="Pg071" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +struck by a few <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scotch</span></span> Vassals, undisciplined, and +unactuated by any Motive of Liberty or Virtue, +save the Virtue of being attached to their +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Laird</span></span> or their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Leader</span></span>. Millions of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></span>, at +that Time, sunk in the Down of a long Peace, +and enervated by ministerial Corruption and Venality, +feared that a Handful of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Highlanders</span></span> +would win their Way to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">London</span></span>, and, at one +Stroke, put a Period to the boasted Strength and +Grandeur of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">British</span></span> Constitution. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I was astonished at the Apprehensions that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span> was under from so contemptible an Armament. +But I deemed the Case of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span> to +be highly alarming. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman-Catholics</span></span>, at +that Time, outnumbered us Five to One. They +were disarmed, it is true, but I was not equally +sure that they had Reason to be reconciled. As +they were not admitted to realize their Fortune, +it consisted of ready Money, and that gave +ready Power. As they were not permitted to +purchase, or accept a Tenure of any valuable +Length, Loyalty, perhaps, might induce them +to fight for their King; but where was the Stake +to impel them to fight for a Country in which +they had no <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inheritance</span></span>? Without an Interest +in Lands, they had little to lose by any Change +of Estate. Without a Loan lodged with Government, +they had the less to lose by a Change of +Constitution. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I cannot conceive how <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Religion</span></span>, or mere Difference +of Opinion, should prove a real Cause +of Quarrel among Men; though it often serves +as a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Word of War</span></span>, or a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Term</span></span> whereby to give +Notice for Onset. On the contrary, I had observed +that wherever People are united by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Interest</span></span>, +though of a thousand opposite Sects, Persuasions +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page072">[pg 072]</span><a name="Pg072" id="Pg072" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and Professions, they never fail to join +in the Maintenance and Defence of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">common +Rights</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I, therefore, did not fear the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman Catholics</span></span>, +as having a different <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Religion</span></span>, but as having +an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Interest</span></span> that was different from the Interest +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Protestants</span></span>. Were they a Compound of all +the Follies, Absurdities, and Contradictions that +ever were generated by Monster-bearing Superstition, +had their Interest bound them to us, I +should not have feared their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fealty</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But this was not the Case. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">French</span></span> Invasion +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Great Britain</span></span> was headed by a Person +who was, by Birth, Education, Principle, and +Interest, an Enemy to the Freedom and Rights +of a Constitution that was established on the Dispossession +of his Ancestors; and he was, consequently, +an Enemy to the general Change of +Privilege and Property, that ensued on the said +Establishment. The said Change, as we all +know, was to the Disadvantage of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman Catholics</span></span>. +Had the Invader prevailed, a Change +would again have ensued, in their Favour. +Men naturally with Success to an Event from +whence they propose Benefit; and it is as natural +for them to act conformable to those Wishes. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Had <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman Catholics</span></span> been possessed of an unrestrained +Property, along with the other Liberties, +Blessings, and Enjoyments, which they +derived, in common with us, from the Establishment +at the Revolution, no spiritual or +temporal Power on Earth could have tempted +them to permit, much less to wish, a Change +of a Constitution whose Equal they could not +find upon Earth. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But as this was very far from being the Fact, +I feared that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Interest</span></span> might prove an Incentive +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page073">[pg 073]</span><a name="Pg073" id="Pg073" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Desire</span></em>; and Desire equally prove an Incentive +to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Action</span></em>; and, I am not ashamed to confess, +that my Expectations were greatly, though happily, +disappointed, by the Steadiness of their +peaceful and loyal Demeanour on that trying +Occasion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Believe me, my Friend, at the Time that I +wrote those Papers, which have given you so +much Offence, I looked upon the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Papists</span></span> of this +Kingdom, by the Patronage of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">France</span></span> and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Spain</span></span>, by their Numbers, by their Wealth, and by +their Union with each other, to be vastly superior +to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Irish Protestants</span></span>, in Power; and my Spirit +of Opposition rose, in Proportion to my Idea +of their Ability. But neither then, before, nor +since, did I ever mean to excite any Action, or +Intention, against the Weak, or the Oppressed, +the Fallen, or the Afflicted. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Brutus</span></span> unsheathed the reluctant Sword +of Freedom against his Friend, Humanity must +suppose that his Heart was wrung with Compunction, +while his Country enjoined and impelled +the Blow. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But further, Sir, there is a very wide Difference +between a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Popish Regency</span></span> and a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Popish +People</span></span>. The whole Intent and Virulence, as +you call it, of my Papers, is pointed and levelled +against the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">One</span></em>, but not a Syllable uttered, +from End to End, against the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Other</span></em>. A <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Popish +Regency</span></span>, in Temporals alike as in Spirituals, I +held to be, by Principle, an arbitrary and oppressive +Government; but I held a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Popish People</span></span> +to be, of all People, the most amenable and +submissive to Rulers, whatever the Form or +Nature of that State may be, under which they +shall happen to be subjected. And, on this +very Account, I dreaded them the more, should +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page074">[pg 074]</span><a name="Pg074" id="Pg074" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +they become passive Instruments in the Hand of +a Papal Dictator. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To apply a sure Test to the Propriety, or Impropriety, +of my Apprehensions, at the Period +when I wrote the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Farmer's Letters</span></span>, let us suppose +that no one of the Penal Laws, which +were instituted during the Reign of her Majesty +Queen <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Anne</span></span>, had yet passed into Form, +but that Matters had remained in the same Situation, +in which the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Monarch</span></span>, of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">humane</span></span>, as well +as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">glorious Memory</span></span>, had left this unhappy People. +Well, what would have been the Consequence? +Would <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Papists</span></span>, in that Case, have +been less amenable to the Government, by +which they had been favoured, supported, and +cherished? Would they have been the forwarder +to bring Damage and Destruction on a Country, +because their own Interest was connected +therewith, and the Fortunes of their Posterity +deposited therein? Would they have been the +readier to attempt the Overthrow of our beneficent +Constitution, because they enjoyed the Privileges +and Advantages thereof? No, Sir, no. +The Absurdity of the Supposition is inclusive of +the Answer. Had this been the Case, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Farmer's +Letters</span></span> would not have existed to have +caused the Renewal of our Acquaintance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have read and noted many Instances, in free +States and Commonwealths, where <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Liberty</span></span>, when +fermented into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Licentiousness</span></span>, hath occasioned +many partial Struggles for Power, many Broils +and Factions, and much Disturbance to the +Community. But very few are the Instances of +the Insurrection of any People, who have not +been goaded thereto by Severity and Oppression. +The inoffensive Stag grows formidable when <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">at +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page075">[pg 075]</span><a name="Pg075" id="Pg075" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +Bay</span></span>. The Worm turneth not, till it receiveth +a Crush. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I forget the Book, though I remember the +Passage, where a Prince demanded of his favourite +Minister, what he should do with a +Number of the Commons and Nobility, whom +he had suppressed and taken Captive in the Act +of Rebellion? The Minister answered, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Put +them, and their Adherents, instantly to Death</span></span>. No, +replied the Prince, that were an Act of such +Bloodshed and Barbarity, as neither Fear nor +Revenge shall persuade me to perpetrate. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Then, +grant them all free Pardon</span></span>, rejoined the Minister. +How! said the Prince, must Rebellion +go altogether unpunished? There is no Medium +that can assure your Safety, answered the +Minister; you must either pull this Party wholly +up by the Root, so as to leave no Fibre from +whence future Enmity may grow; or else, you +must change that Enmity into Friendship, by +binding their Gratitude to your Person and Interest, +with the kindliest of all Connections, +that of your Goodness and Favour. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A partial +Punishment will be too little for your Safety; a partial +Pardon will not be enough.</span></span> You must either +wholly annihilate their Power, by their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Death</span></span>; +or derive Strength to yourself, from that Power, +by their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Friendship</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +By disarming our Enemies, the utmost we +can hope, is, to render them impotent. The +Diminution of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their</span></em> Power adds nothing to our +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">own</span></em>. Repentance is never so permanent or sincere, +as when preceded by Pardon; and Favour +is, as the polar Attraction, to Inclination. Is +there a Man whose Love and Gratitude you +desire to engage? Common Sense will direct +you to do him a Benefit. Would you bind him +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page076">[pg 076]</span><a name="Pg076" id="Pg076" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to your Service with Hoops of Steel? You +must make it his Interest, as well as his Duty, +to befriend you. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is, by no means, my Intention to arraign +either the Wisdom or good Policy of our Forefathers. +But all Men are, in some Degree, +fallible, as well in the congregate, as in the individual; +and the Shrewd may err as much, +by over-reaching their Aim, as the Ignorant, +by falling short, or deviating from it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, had a hundred <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pitts</span></span>, and a hundred +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cecils</span></span>, composed the Senate of our Ancestors, at +the Time that those <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Penal Laws</span></span> were enacted; +had those Laws been ever so wise and so just, +so wholesome and necessary, and well suited to +the Season; is that a Reason that they should +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">continue so</span></em> to the End of Time? In a World +where nothing is permanent; where Modes, +Manners, Principles, and Practice are at a Flux; +where Life is uncertain, and all it contains +changeable; Nature and Reason will conform to +Situation and Circumstance; and where <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Causes</span></span> +have ceased, in any Degree, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Consequences</span></span> +ought to cease in the same Proportion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is not now with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rome</span></span> as it was in the Days +when Princes held her Steed, and Emperors +her Stirrup. The Kings of the Earth have, +pretty clearly, resumed her Usurpations and +Acquisitions of temporal Dominion. It is not +now, as it was when she cried Peace! and it became +Peace; or when the Breath of her Mandate +kindled the Nations to Battle. Even his +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Holiness</span></span> is, now, but a poor limited Prince, pent +up within his little <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Italian</span></span> Demesne. If some few +still acknowledge to hold of his Authority, it +is a Homage of Words, and not of Facts; +they will not acknowledge to hold of his Power. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page077">[pg 077]</span><a name="Pg077" id="Pg077" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +He is restored to the quiet and unenvied Possession +of all the Lordship and Interest he can acquire +in Heaven. But the Sceptre, even of his +spiritual Dominion upon Earth, is, of late, as +I take it, most wonderfully shortened. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Matters are much altered with the ecclesiastical +World, even since I wrote the Letters that +have roused your Spleen. Whether it be through +a Decline of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Romish</span></span> Religion, in particular; +or, possibly, through a Decline of all Religion, +in general; the pontifical and episcopal Dictatorship +and Authority are wofully fallen, from the +Chair of Infallibility, where they had been seated +by Opinion. The Sons of the most bigotted +Ancestors do now perceive, that Piety and Immorality +are not rightly consistent. And even +the vulgar and ignorant, among the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman</span></span> Laity, +would grumble at departing from an Inch +of their Property, though the Priest should +advise, and the Pope, himself, should enjoin +it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, Sir, if the Change of Times, and Principles, +Situation, and Circumstances; if the +Change of every Cause that produced those +penal Laws, have not availed for a Change of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Consequences</span></span>; for some Mitigation or Abatement +of their Rigour, toward these my unhappy Brethren, +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Roman Catholics of Ireland</span></span>: If no +Argument, I say, that is taken from Changes, +may avail for the Purpose, I will take one from +Permanence and Duration itself, that shall strike +Light and Conviction to the Eye of every Beholder; +that Power may <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gainsay</span></em>, but cannot +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">refute</span></em>; that Malevolence may <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">dispute</span></em>, but never +can <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">answer</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +About six Generations have now passed away, +according to the Rates of Purchase and Estimate +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page078">[pg 078]</span><a name="Pg078" id="Pg078" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of the Life of Man, since these People have offended +in Word or in Deed. No Riotings have +been heard in their Houses, no Complainings +in their Streets; they have been silent and harmless +as Sheep before their Sheerers. Our Parties, +Factions, and Insurrections, as they are merrily +stiled in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">England</span></span>, have been all among ourselves; +this People were neither Actors nor +Partakers therein. They have offered themselves +to our Fleets, and to our Armies; to tend our +Persons, to till our Grounds, to hew our Wood, +and to draw our Water. Where we admit them +to fight for us, they have ever proved valiant; +where we admit them to serve us, they are found +loving, observant, and faithful. Temptations +have come to their Doors and called them forth; +the Contagion of Rebellion hath broken out +among their Neighbours; they have yet remained +quiet, and continued untainted; still +loyal to their Sovereign, amenable to Government, +and submissive to Law, through a long +and trying Succession of about seventy Years, +they have scarce appeared to repine in the midst +of their Calamities. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When I look back on the querulous and restless +Nature of Man: When I trace the human +Propensities through the Records of Ages and +Nations: In all the Histories of those States +who had least Cause of Complaint: Throughout +the Commonwealths of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Asia Minor</span></span>, the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Archipelago</span></span>, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Grecian Continent</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Italy</span></span>, the Islands +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mediterranean</span></span>, &c. where the RIGHTS +OF NATURE, under Forms of various Institution, +were ASSERTED BY LIBERTY AND +GUARDED BY LAW: Where the ASSURANCE +OF PROPERTY gave most REASON +FOR CONTENT: I can find but few +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page079">[pg 079]</span><a name="Pg079" id="Pg079" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Instances of any People who, through such a +Length of Time, have continued firm and unshaken, +in an uninterrupted Loyalty and Submission +to Government. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +What then, do we look for further? What +Proofs do ye yet require, of Peacefulness and +Attachment at the Hands of these our Brethren? +Is no Period to be put to their State +of Probation? Must they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for ever</span></em> keep out +upon <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarantine</span></em>, without Harbour or Hopes +of Rest or Reconciliation? That were hard, +indeed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +If it is Revenge that we seek, they have, +already, suffered enough, not for their own +Faults, but for the Hostility of their Forefathers. +If we seek our Safety, alone; let us chace <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">them, +at once, from Country and Community</span></em>; or put +an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">End to our domestic Fears</span></em>, by giving them +Cause to defend us. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Indeed, Sir, neither common Sense, nor Sense +of any Kind, can possibly suppose, That Acts +of Kindness which have been, from the Beginning +of the World, the Cement of Friendship +to all other People, should prove the reverse to +these People alone. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Had they been to us, as the Swallow, in Autumn, +who forsakes all Connections on the Approach +of Inclemency, I should never have +pleaded for any Confidence in them. But a People, +who, through a Winter of seventy Years +Continuance, have never failed, or forsaken, or +given us Cause of Offence, surely merit some +Consideration, some grateful and chearing Ray +to warm them to a Sense that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Protestants</span></span> are not, +by Choice, of a cruel, unforgiving, and malevolent +Nature. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page080">[pg 080]</span><a name="Pg080" id="Pg080" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Lastly, Sir, as I know you to be a Gentleman +of a communicative Disposition, and that you +were, formerly, fond of exhibiting the Sentiments +of some of your Friends; should you +impart this Letter to any of your popish Acquaintance, +I doubt they might be apt to give +me more Thanks than I am conscious I deserve. +It is, therefore, but commonly honest, to advertise +you, and them, that while I write in the +Favour of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Papists</span></span>, the Interest of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Protestants</span></span> is +never out of my Eye. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When I thought your Favourites most formidable, +I shewed I did not fear them; and +now, that I think them impotent, let them not +think I flatter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +What I have hitherto hinted is but a narrow +opening to the Concerns and Interests of an +unhappy Country, whereof I have the Misfortune +to be a helpless, though loving, Member. +To promote the Advantage of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, in any +respect, would be, to me, the cardinal Point +of the whole Compass of my Ambition; and +a subsequent Letter may shew how far my Observations +relate to the Decline, or Prosperity, of +my Country, whenever you confer the Pleasure +of an Answer on, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dear</span></span> SIR,<br /> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Your truly affectionate</span></span>, &c. +</p> + +</div> + +</div> +<hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-back" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <div id="footnotes" class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc7" id="toc7"></a> + <a name="pdf8" id="pdf8"></a> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Footnotes</span></h1> + <dl class="tei tei-list-footnotes"><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1" name="note_1" href="#noteref_1">1.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dublin</span></span>, +1753, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">M. Reilly</span></span>, Editor.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_2" name="note_2" href="#noteref_2">2.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mac Con More +Macnamara</span></span>, Duke of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Klan Cullane</span></span>, +founded, erected, and amply endowed the beautiful Abbey +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quin</span></span>; as did other Chieftains of his Name and Family, +several Parochial Churches, with a great Number of magnificent +Castles.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_3" name="note_3" href="#noteref_3">3.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Seasonable Thoughts</span></span>, &c. +published by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">George Faulkner</span></span>; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Case of +the Roman Catholics</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Principles of the +Roman Catholics</span></span>, the two last published by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">P. Lord</span></span>, in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cook-street, Dublin</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_4" name="note_4" href="#noteref_4">4.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">To all the above Productions of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ireland</span></span>, may be justly +added, our inestimable Fisheries, and plentiful Mines, which, +under due national Encouragement, would raise immense +Treasures.</dd></dl> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div id="pgfooter" class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"><pre class="pre tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em">***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ESSAY ON THE ANTIENT AND MODERN STATE OF IRELAND*** +</pre><hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"><a name="rightpageheader9" id="rightpageheader9"></a><a name="pgtoc10" id="pgtoc10"></a><a name="pdf11" id="pdf11"></a><h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Credits</span></h1><table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"><tbody><tr><th class="tei tei-label tei-label-gloss">November 10, 2008 </th></tr><tr><td class="tei tei-item"><table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"><tbody><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item">Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><span class="tei tei-respStmt"> + <span class="tei tei-name"> + Produced by Robert Cicconetti, David King, and the Online + Distributed Proofreading Team at <http://www.pgdp.net/>. + </span> + </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div><hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"><a name="rightpageheader12" id="rightpageheader12"></a><a name="pgtoc13" id="pgtoc13"></a><a name="pdf14" id="pdf14"></a><h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">A Word from Project Gutenberg</span></h1><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This file should be named + 27226-h.html or + 27226-h.zip.</p><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This and all associated files of various formats will be found + in: + + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/7/2/2/27226/" class="block tei tei-xref" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"><span style="font-size: 90%">http://www.gutenberg.org</span><span style="font-size: 90%">/dirs/2/7/2/2/27226/</span></a></p><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Updated editions will replace the previous one — the old + editions will be renamed.</p><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Creating the works from public domain print editions means that + no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the + Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United + States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. + Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this + license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works + to protect the Project Gutenberg™ concept and trademark. 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