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diff --git a/27011.txt b/27011.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b36dd37 --- /dev/null +++ b/27011.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3523 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27011] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{533} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 214.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Peter Brett 533 + Richard's "Guide through France," by Weld Taylor 534 + Women and Tortoises 534 + Weather Rules, by W. Winthrop 535 + Occasional Forms of Prayer, by Rev. Thomas Lathbury 535 + + MINOR NOTES:--Chair Moving--Epitaph on Politian + in the Church of the Annunciation at Florence-- + Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon--The + early Delights of Philadelphia--Misapplication of + Terms--"Plantin" Bibles in 1600--Ancient Gold + Collar found in Staffordshire 537 + + QUERIES:-- + + Pictures in Hampton Court Palace 538 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Helmets--The Nursrow--City + Bellmen--Pope's Elegy on An Unfortunate Lady-- + "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind"--Passage + in the "Christian Year"--David's Mother--Emblems + --"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira" + --"Quid facies," &c.--Will of Peter the Great-- + H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare--MS. by Rubens on + Painting--Peter Allan--Haschisch or Indian Hemp + --Crieff Compensation--Admission to Lincoln's Inn, + the Temple, and Gray's Inn--Orders for the Household + of Lord Montagu 538 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Cateaton Street-- + Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-Frame-- + Cocker's Arithmetic--Lyke Porch or Litch Porch-- + Henry Burton--British Mathematicians--"Les + Lettres Juives" 540 + + REPLIES:-- + + Attainment of Majority 541 + Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton 543 + Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes 544 + Anticipatory Use of the Cross, by J. W. Thomas and + Eden Warwick 545 + Decorative Pavement Tiles from Caen, by Albert Way + and Gilbert J. French 547 + Mottos of the Emperors of Germany 548 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Simplicity of Calotype + Process--Albumized Paper--New Developing + Mixture--Queries on the Albumenized Process 548 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Poems in connexion + with Waterloo--Richard Oswald--Grammont's + Marriage--Life--Muscipula--Berefellarii--Harmony + of the Four Gospels--Picts' Houses and Argils + --Boswell's "Johnson"--Pronunciation of "Humble" + --Continuation of Robertson--Nostradamus-- + Quantity of Words--"Man proposes, but God disposes" + --Polarised Light 549 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 552 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 553 + Notices to Correspondents 553 + Advertisements 554 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +PETER BRETT. + +Your correspondent T. K. seems to think that Scotchmen, and Scotch +subjects, have an undue prominence in "N. & Q.:" let me therefore introduce +to your readers a neglected _Irishman_, in the person of Peter Brett, the +"parish clerk and schoolmaster of Castle-Knock." This worthy seems to have +been a great author, and the literary oracle of the district over which he +presided, and exercised the above-named important functions. His _magnum +opus_ appears to have been his _Miscellany_; a farrago of prose and verse, +which, to distinguish it from the herd of books bearing that title, is +yclept, _par excellence_, Brett's _Miscellany_. When Mr. Brett commenced to +enlighten the world, and when his candle was snuffed out, I know not. My +volume of the above work purports to be the fifth: + + "Containing above a hundred useful and entertaining Particulars, + Divine, Moral, and Historical; chiefly designed for the Improvement of + Youth, and those who have not the Opportunity of reading large Volumes. + Interspersed with several Entertaining Things never before printed. + Dublin, 1762." + +The parish clerk's _bill of fares_ is of the most seductive kind. Under all +the above heads he has something spicy to say, either in prose or verse; +but the marrow of the book lies in the Preface. To say that a man, holding +the important offices of parish clerk and schoolmaster, could be charged +with conceit, would be somewhat rash; if, therefore, in remarking upon the +rare instance of a parish clerk becoming an author, he lets out that +"whatever cavillers may say about his performance, they must admit his +extensive reading, and the great labour and application the concoction of +these books has cost him," he is but indulging in a feeling natural to a +man of genius, and a pardonable ebullition of the _amour propre_. Mr. Brett +seems to have been twitted with the charge of taking up authorship as a +commercial spec; he sullenly admits that his book-making leaves him +something, but nothing like a recompense, and draws an invidious comparison +between one Counsellor Harris and himself; the {534} former having received +200l. per annum for collecting materials for the _Life of King William +III._, while he, the schoolmaster of Castle-Knock, scarcely gets salt to +his porridge for his _Collections and Observations for perpetuating the +Honour and Glory of the King of Kings_. + +Peter farther boasts that these his volumes + + "Contain the juice and marrow of many excellent and learned authors, + but compacted after such an ingenious manner, that the learned would + find it a great difficulty to show in what authors they are to be + found!" + +A plan for which, I think, the learned would award him the _birch_. Mrs. +Brett is no less a genius than her husband; and she takes advantage of the +publication of the _Miscellany_, to stick the following little bill upon +the back of the title: + + "Ann Brett, wife of the said Peter, at the sign of the _Shroud_ in + Christ Church Lane, opposite to the Church, makes and sells all Sorts + of Shrouds, draws all Sorts of Patterns, does all manner of Pinking, + and teaches Young Misses Reading and Writing, Arithmetic, and Plain + Work. The Dublin Society," she adds, "was pleased to honour her with a + handsome Present for her Curious Performance with the Pen." + +J. O. + + * * * * * + +RICHARD'S "GUIDE THROUGH FRANCE." + +(Translated from the French on the 12th edition. Paris: Audin, 25. Quai des +Augustins.) + +As we are not supposed to be sensible of our own failings, I should much +wish to know whether any English-French exists equal to some French-English +I know of, and inclose a specimen. MR. P. CHASLES has played the critic so +well with the English tongue, that perhaps he can find us a few specimens. +Without doubt, it will be a wholesome correction to the Malaprop spirit if +she is shown up a little; and I regret extremely that MR. P. CHASLES was +not invited to correct the proofs of the _Itineraire de France_. Here we +are posting with M. Richard: + + "The courier a franc-etrier cannot use bridle of their own, they must + not outrun the postilion who leads them, and the post master if they + might arrive at, without their postillion, must not give them horse + before this last is come. The supply-horses, according to the number of + persons, shall be put to carriages as much as the disposition of the + vehicles will admit. For example, three horses shall be put to + cabriolets, and till six to the berline, but as it should not be + possible, to put a horse en arbalete (cross-bow) without notable + accidents, either to caleches with two horses or to the limonieres; + they shall be obliged to pay the charge for supply horse." + +Here we are in a steamer, p. 52.: + + "The sea is smooth, the sky pure, the air calm, everything promises a + happy navigation, our boat is in a very favourable position in the + middle of the Seine, on the right hand the hills of Honfleur, on the + left the coast of Ingouville, let us pause a little more on these + shores we are going to leave: behold on the east the fortifications of + Havre, small seats! clusters of trees! this is the village of l'Eure + threatened by the sea of an entire destruction. We must not pass over + this green hill so delightful to view, standing on the opposite shore + seamen would not forgive my silence, among these high trees stands a + chapel dedicated to Notre-Dame-de-Grace. Ingouville is of 4,800 + inhabitants, among which a great many Englishmen live there as in their + own country, having their particular churchyard, physicians, and many + occasions of hearing from England, which they can perceive from their + pavilions. The traveller can go to Elbeuf by land or water. The lover + of the scenes of nature will enjoy very romantical prospects, a new + kind of view will strike his sight, a long train of rocks called + D'Orival, the most part steep, covered with evergreen trees, which seem + shoot out, with difficulty, of their craggings." + +He tells us Soissons (p. 102.) "has a college, a pretty theatre, and a +bishoprick-sec, from the Cradle of Christianity into the Gauls." At +Coulommieres (Seine et Marne), "the sciences are not cultivated, but the +inhabitants know pretty well how to play at nine pins." At Fontaines les +Cornues, "the inhabitants of Paris with a small expense can procure to +himself a scenery scarecely to be found in the other quarter of the globe!" +At Chatillion-sur-Seine, "the streets are neat and well aired." At Arles, +p. 361., a head of a goddess carved in marble: + + "The way in which the neck and left shoulder are ended, points out that + the head is _related_ to a figure in drapery cut in another block." + + "The merchant of Bordeaux is distinguished by his noble easy and + pompous manner, he makes himself easily forgiven a sort of boasting, + which is the foible of the country." + +How the ladies bathe at Mont d'Or, p. 218.: + + "At five in the morning bathing begins. Two hardy Highlanders go and + fetch in a kind of deal boxes the fashionable lady, who when in town + never quits her bed-down before noon, the annuitant, the rich man, are + all brought in the same manner in these boxes. It is one of the most + pleasant bathing establishments; it offers a peristyle, a small + resting-room, a warming-place for linen, with partitions to prevent its + mixture." + +The work consists of 446 mortal pages though I am bound to say a portion +here and there is respectably written. + +WELD TAYLOR. + + * * * * * + +WOMEN AND TORTOISES. + +I had intended sending you a paper on Bishop Taylor's _Similes_, with +Illustrative Notes on some Passages in his Works; but I soon found that +your utmost indulgence could not afford me a tithe of {535} the space I +would require. Instead, therefore, send you an illustration of a single +simile, as it is short, and not the least curious in the lot: + + "All _vertuous women_, _like tortoises_, carry their house on their + heads, and their chappel in their heart, and their danger in their eye, + and their souls in their hands, and God in all their actions."--_Life + of Christ_, Part I. s. ii. 4. + + "_Phidias made the statue of Venus at Elis with one foot upon the shell + of a tortoise_, to signify two great duties of a virtuous woman, which + are to keep home and be silent."--_Human Prudence_, by W. De Britaine, + 12th edit.: Dublin, 1726, 12mo., p. 134. + + "Vertuous women should keep house, and 'twas well performed and ordered + by the Greeks: + + ' . . . mulier ne qua in publicum + Spectandam se sine arbitro praebeat viro:' + + Which made Phidias, belike, at Elis paint _Venus treading on a + tortoise_: a symbole of women's silence and housekeeping.... I know not + what philosopher he was, that would have women come but thrice abroad + all their time, to be _baptized_, _married_, _and buried_; but he was + too straitlaced."--Burton's _Anat. Mel._, part iii. sec. 3. mem. 4. + subs. 2. + + "_Apelles us'd to paint a good housewife upon a snayl_; which intimated + that she should be as slow from gadding abroad, and when she went she + shold carry her house upon her back: that is, she shold make all sure + at home. Now, to a good housewife, her house shold be as the sphere to + a star (I do not mean a _wandring_ star), wherin she shold twinckle as + a star in its orb."--Howell's _Parly of Beasts_: Lond. 1660, p. 58. + +The last passage reminds us of the fine lines of Donne (addressed to _both_ +sexes): + + "Be then thine own home, and in thyself dwell; + Inn anywhere; + And seeing the _snail_, which everywhere doth roam, + Carrying his own home still, still is at home, + Follow (for he is easy-paced) this _snail_: + Be thine own palace, or the world's thy jail." + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + +WEATHER RULES. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 373. 522. 599. 627.) + +J. A., Jun., being desirous of forming a list of weather rules, I send the +following, in the hope that they may be acceptable to him, and interesting +to those of your readers who have never met with the old collection from +which they are taken. + + _English._ + + In April, Dove's-flood is worth a king's good. + Winter thunder, a summer's wonder. + March dust is worth a king's ransom. + A cold May and a windy, makes a fat barn and findy. + + _Spanish._ + + April and May, the keys of the year. + A cold April, much bread and little wine. + A year of snow, a year of plenty. + A red morning, wind or rain. + The moon with a circle brings water in her beak. + Bearded frost, forerunner of snow. + Neither give credit to a clear winter nor cloudy spring. + Clouds above, water below. + When the moon is in the wane do not sow anything. + A red sun has water in his eye. + Red clouds in the east, rain the next day. + An eastern wind carrieth water in his hand. + A March sun sticks like a lock of wool. + When there is a spring in winter, and a winter in spring, the year is + never good. + When it rains in August, it rains wine or honey. + The circle of the moon never filled a pond, but the circle of the sun + wets a shepherd. + + _Italian._ + + Like a March sun, which heats but doth not melt. + Dearth under water, bread under snow. + Young and old must go warm at Martlemas. + When the cock drinks in summer, it will rain a little after. + As Mars hasteneth all the humours feel it. + In August, neither ask for olives, chesnuts, nor acorns. + January commits the fault, and May bears the blame. + A year of snow, a year of plenty. + + _French._ + + When it thunders in March, we may cry Alas! + A dry year never beggars the master. + An evening red, and a morning grey, makes a pilgrim sing. + January or February do fill or empty the granary. + A dry March, a snowy February, a moist April, and a dry May, presage a + good year. + To St. Valentine the spring is a neighbour. + At St. Martin's winter is in his way. + A cold January, a feverish February, a dusty March, a weeping April, a + windy May, presage a good year and gay. + +W. WINTHROP. + +Malta. + + * * * * * + +OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER. + +I now send you a list of Occasional Forms of Prayer in my own possession, +in the hope that the example may be followed by other individuals. + + A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer table twise a Weke, and also an + Order of Publique Fast to be used every Wednesday, &c. during this time + of Mortalitie, &c. London, 1563. + +This was the first published occasional form of the reign of Elizabeth. + +{536} + + A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer every Sunday, Wednesday, and + Friday throughout the whole Realme: to excite and stirre up all Godly + People to pray for the Preservation of those Christians and their + Countreys that are now invaded by the Turke in Hungary or elsewhere. + Set fourthe by The Reverend Father in God, Matthew, Archbishop of + Cantaburie. Imprinted by Richarde Jugge and John Cawood. 4to. + +There is no date; but it is ascertained that this form was put forth in the +year 1566. + + The Order of Prayer and other Exercises upon Wednesdays and Fridays, + &c. 4to. Christopher Barker. 1580. + +This was put forth in consequence of an earthquake. + + Prayers. 1584. + +They consist of "A Prayer for all Kings," &c., "A Prayer for the Queene," +&c., and "A Prayer in the Parliament onely." They are appended to _Treasons +of Pary_, forming part of the volume. + + An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Safety of Her Majesty. + 1594. + + Certaine Prayers set forth by Authoritie to be used for the Prosperous + Successe of her Majesties Forces and Navy. 4to. The Deputies of + Christopher Barker, 1597. + + An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving (necessary in these dangerous + Times) for the Safety of her Majestie and the Realme. 4to. The Deputies + of C. Barker. _No date._ + + An Order for Publike Prayers within the Province of Canterbury. No + date. By the Queen's Printer. + + Prayers for the Queen's safe Deliverance, London, 1605. + + Form of Prayer, &c. Nov. 5. London, 1605. + +The original edition. + + Form of Prayer, &c., Nov. 5. London, 1620. + + Form, &c. for the 5th of August, being the Day of His Highnesse's happy + Deliverance from the Earle of Gowry. London, 1623. + + Form, &c. Fast during the Plague. 1625. + +The "Prayer for the Parliament" appears for the first time in this form. + + Form, &c. Fast. War and Pestilence. 1626. + + Form, &c. Fast. War. 1628. + + Forme of Prayer, &c. for averting God's heauy Visitation, &c. 1636. + +This is the form which was attacked by Burton and Prynne, and on which a +charge was raised against Laud. + + Form, &c. Fast. Plague. 1640 + + Form, &c. Fast. War. Oxford, 1643. + +This is the form authorised by Charles I. to be used at the commencement of +the war. It is frequently alluded to by the Parliamentary writers of the +period. The House of Commons had ordered a monthly fast, and Charles +commanded that the second Friday in every month should be set apart for the +same purpose. This form was to be used on such occasions. + + Form, &c. Fast. Oxford, 1643. + +The same as the preceding, but a different edition, one being in +black-letter, the other in Roman. Both were printed in Oxford, and in the +same year. + + A Collection of Prayers and Thanksgivings used in His Majesties Chapel + and in his Armies, upon occasion of the late Victories against the + Rebels. Oxford, 1643. + +This was reprinted at York in 1644. + + The Cavaliers' New Common Prayer Booke, unclasp't. Reprinted at London, + with some briefe and necessary Obseruations to refute the Lyes and + Scandalls that are contained in it. 1644. + +This is a reprint of the preceding form, with a scurrilous preface and +observations. The prayers are given as they stand in the Royal form, but +with parenthetical sentences of a most abusive character after almost every +paragraph. Thus, after the clause, "Pity a despised Church," the authors +add, "You mean the prelates and their hierarchy." After the next clause, +"and a distracted State," they add, "made so by your wicked party." In one +of the thanksgivings, after "Glory be to God," we have, "Your mock prayers +defraud Him of His glory." Then, after the words "We praise thee, we bless +thee," &c., from the Communion Office, we have, "Softly, lest you want +breath, and thank the old Common Prayer Book for that." + + Private Forms for these Sad Times. Oxford, 1645. + + A Form of Thanksgiving, to be used the Seventh Day of September, + thorowout the Diocese of Lincoln, and in the Jurisdiction of + Westminster. + +This remarkable form has no date, but it was put forth by Williams, then +Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of Westminster, in the year 1641. The House of +Commons had ordered a day of Thanksgiving; but they were greatly offended +with Williams, on account of this form, and, instead of going to St. +Margaret's Church as usual, where it was ordered to be read, they attended +divine service, after their own fashion, in the chapel of Lincoln's Inn. + + A Supply of Prayers for the Ships of this Kingdom that want Ministers + to pray with them agreeable to the Directory, &c. London. Published by + authority. + +A Presbyterian form, and the only one ever published by men who decried all +forms. It was put forth, as the preface admits, because the sailors clung +to the Book of Common Prayer. + + Prayers to be used in the Armies. 1648. + + A Form of Prayer used at His Majesties Chapel at the Hague. 1650. + + Prayers for those who mourn, &c. 1659. + + Form of Common Prayer, to be used on the Thirtieth of January, &c. + 1661. + +This form differs materially from that subsequently put forth by +Convocation, with the revised Prayer Book of 1662. There was also another +form still earlier, in the year 1661, in which some singular and obnoxious +petitions relative to Charles I. were found. {537} + + A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, to be used on the 29th of May, + 1661. + +The original edition. It differs from that which was sanctioned by +Convocation and published in 1662. + + Form of Prayer, &c. June 12. Fast during a Dearth. 1661. + + Form, &c. Fast during a Sickness. 1661. + + Form, &c. Fast, to implore a Blessing on the Naval Forces. April 5, + 1665. + + Form, &c. Thanksgiving for Victory by Naval Forces. July 4, 1665. + + Form, &c. Fast, on occasion of the Fire of London, 1666. + + Form, &c. Thanksgiving for Victories at Sea. 1666. + + Form, &c. Fast. 1674. + + Form, &c. Fast. 1678. + + Form, &c. Fast. Dublin, 1678. + + Form, &c. Fast. Dublin, 1679. To seek Reconciliation with God, and to + implore Him that he would infatuate and defeat the Counsels of the + Papists our Enemies. By the Lord Lieutenant. + + Form, &c. Fast. 1680. + + Form, &c. Thanksgiving. 1683. For the discovery of Treason. + + Form, &c. Thanksgiving. 1685. + + Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving for 29th May, 1685. + +First edition of this reign. It was altered by the authority of the Crown. + + Form of Prayer, &c. January 30, 1685. + +First edition of this reign. + + Form of Prayer, &c. February 6, 1685. + +The accession service of James II. + + A Form or Order of Thanksgiving, to be used, &c. in behalf of the King, + the Queen, and the Royal Family, upon occasion of the Queen's being + with Child. 1687. + +This form was the occasion of much comment at the time. + + A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, &c., for the Birth of the Prince. + 1688. + + A Form, &c. Fast. 1689. + + A Form, &c. Fast. 1690. + + A Form, &c. Fast. 1694. + + A Form, &c. Fast. 1714. Thanksgiving on the Accession of George I. + +THOMAS LATHBURY. + +Bristol. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Chair Moving._--Recent occurrences made me look back at Glanvill's _Blow +at Modern Sadducism_, and I observed that in his account of the "Daemon of +Tedworth," who was supposed to haunt the house of Mr. Mompesson, and who +was the original of Addison's "drummer," it is stated that on the 5th +November, 1662, "in the sight and presence of the company, the chairs +walked about the room," p. 124. + +N. B. + +_Epitaph on Politian in the Church of the Annunciation at Florence._-- + + "Politianus in hoc tumulo jacet Angelus, unum + Qui caput, et linguas (res nova) tres habuit."--From _Travels of Sir John + Reresby_. + +Y. B. N. J. + + [The following translation of this epitaph is given in the _Ency. + Britannica_, but it is there stated to be in St. Mark's, Florence: + + "Here lies Politian, who, things strange indeed, + Had, when alive, three tongues, and but one head."] + +_Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon._-- + + "She was--my words are wanting to say what. + Think what a woman should be--she was that." + +Which provoked the following reply: + + "A woman should be both a wife and mother, + But Jenny Jones was neither one nor t'other." + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_The early Delights of Philadelphia._--In Gabriel Thomas's _Description of +the Settlement of Philadelphia_ occurs the following passage: + + "In the said city are several good schools of learning for youth, for + the attainment of arts and sciences, also reading and writing. Here is + to be had, on any day in the week, cakes, tarts, and pies; we have also + several cook-shops, both roasting and boiling, as in the city of + London: happy blessings, for which we owe the highest gratitude to our + plentiful Provider, the great Creator of heaven and earth." + +Is not this a superb jumble? + +A LEGULEIAN. + +_Misapplication of Terms._--_Legend_ is a thing "to be read" (_legendum_), +but it is often improperly applied to traditions and _oral_ communications. +Of this there have been some instances in "N. & Q." One has just turned up, +Vol. v., p. 196.: "I send you these legends _as I have heard them from the +lips_ of my nurse, a native of the parish." + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +_"Plantin" Bibles in 1600._--While looking over the "Stackhouse Library" +(see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 327.), I observed on the fly-leaf of an +Hebrew Bible, 1600 (A. 100 in catalogue), a short MS. memorandum, which I +think worth preserving. It ran as follows: + + _L_ s. d. + "Plantin Heb. Bible, interlineing costes 2 10 0 + Plantin in octavo 1 0 0 + Buxtorf's Biblia in two vols. 2 10 0 + Hebw Bible, 4to. 2 vols. 2 0 0 + Inne 16^o 8 vols. 2 0 0" + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + +_Ancient Gold Collar found in Staffordshire._--It may probably interest +some of your readers to {538} know that a very ancient golden collar was +lately found in the village of Stanton, Staffordshire, which is about three +miles north of Ashbourne. + +A labourer digging up a field, which had not been ploughed or dug up in the +memory of man, turned up the collar, which, being curled up at the time, +sprang up, and the labourer taking it for a snake, struck it out of his way +with his spade: the next morning it was discovered not to be a snake. +Unfortunately the blow had broken off a small piece at one end. The collar +is now in the possession of the person with whom the curate of Stanton +lodges. The description given to me is, that it is about two feet long, and +formed of three pieces of gold twined together, and, with the above +exception, in a very good state of preservation. + +I hear that there is a similar collar in the British Museum, that was found +in Ireland, but none that was found in England; and that the authorities of +the Museum have been informed of this collar, but have taken no steps to +obtain possession of it. + +S. G. C. + + [Our correspondent is under an erroneous impression as to gold torques + not being found in England. Several are figured in the _Archaeologia_, + and we have some reason to believe that the torque now described, and + of which we should be glad to receive any farther particulars, + resembles one which formed part of the celebrated Polden find described + by Mr. Harford in the fourteenth volume of the _Archaeologia_, and + figured at p. 90.; and also that found at Boyton in Suffolk in 1835, + and engraved in the _Archaeologia_, vol. xxvi. p. 471.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +PICTURES IN HAMPTON COURT PALACE. + +There are two or three of these concerning which I should be obliged to any +reader of your publication who would satisfy my Queries. + +No. 119., "The Battle of Forty," by P. Snayers. This seems a kind of +_combat a outrance_ of knights _armes de pied en cap_. Where can I find any +account or detail of it? + +No. 314., "Mary of Lorraine, mother of Mary Queen of Scots." This is a very +pleasing picture, in good preservation, and as it was not in its present +position two years ago, I conclude it has recently been added. She was +ninth child of Claude de Lorraine, first Duc de Guise, born in 1515, and +married in 1538 to James V. of Scotland, and she died in the forty-fifth +year of her age, 10th June, 1560. There are the arms of the Guise family in +the right-hand corner, with a date of 1611. Pray by whom was it painted, +and where can find any notices respecting it? + +No. 166., "George III. reviewing the 10th Light Dragoons, commanded by the +Prince of Wales." This picture was considered the _chef d'oeuvre_ of Sir +William Beechey, and was painted in 1798; and it has been supposed the +likeness of the Duke of York was the best taken of that Prince. Could any +reader inform me on what day this review took place?[1] + +When one sees a picture of Shakspeare, No. 276., and more especially in the +palace of his cotemporary sovereigns, one is naturally led to inquire into +its authenticity. I am therefore desirous to obtain some information +relative to it. + +In "N. & Q.," vol. vi., p. 197., you had several correspondents inquiring +concerning the custom of royalty dining in public: perhaps it may interest +them to know that there are two very attractive pictures of this ceremony +in this collection, numbered 293 and 294: the first is of Charles I. and +Henrietta Maria; the other Frederick V., Count Palatine and King of +Bohemia, who married Elizabeth, daughter of James I. These two pictures are +by Van Bassen, of whom, perhaps, some correspondent may be enabled to give +an account. + +[Phi]. + +Richmond, Surrey. + +[Footnote 1: George III. had one or two copies of this picture taken for +him; and there is a curious circumstance relative to one of these, which +Lady Chatterton mentions in her _Home Sketches_, published in three vols. +8vo., 1841: "In one respect the picture (which George III. gave to Lord +Sidmouth, and which the latter had put up at the stone lodge in Richmond +New Park) differs from the original at Hampton Court: it is singular enough +that in this copy the figure of the Prince is omitted, _which was done by +the King's desire_, and is a striking and rather comical proof of the +dislike which he felt towards his son. When the Prince became King, he +dined here, and remarked to Lord Sidmouth that his portrait had been +omitted, and hinted that it ought to be restored. This, however, was +evaded, and the copy remains in its original state."--Vol. i. pp. 18, 19.] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Helmets._--What is the antiquity of the practice of placing helmets over +the shields of armorial bearings; and what are the varieties of helmets in +regard to the rank or degree of persons? + +S. N. + +_The Nursrow._--What is the origin of the word _Nursrow_, a name applied by +Plott, in his _History of Staffordshire_, to the shrew mouse, and by the +common people in Cheshire at the present day to the field-mouse; or rather, +perhaps, indiscriminately to field and shrew mice? + +N. R. + +_City Bellmen._--When were city bellmen first established? By whom +appointed? What were their duties? What and how were they paid? What have +been their employment and duties down to the present day? + +CRITO. + +{539} + +_Pope's Elegy on an Unfortunate Lady._--In the new editions of Pope's +_Works_, in course of publication, edited by Mr. Carruthers, Inverness, it +is conjectured that the poet threw "ideal circumstances" into his most +pathetic and melodious elegy, and "when he came to publish his letters, put +wrong initials, as in other instances, to conceal the real names" (Pope's +_Poet. Works_, Ingram, Cook, and Co., vol. ii. p. 184.). The initials are +Mrs. W., niece of Lady A. I have always thought that a clue might be +obtained to the name of this lady, by following up the hints in Pope's +printed correspondence. Mrs. or Miss W. is mentioned or alluded to by +Craggs and Pope, in connexion with the characters in the _Rape of the +Lock_. One suggests the other. Inquiry should be directed to the families +of Fernor of Tusmore, Lord Petre, and Sir George Brown. But I have heard a +tradition in a Catholic family in the north of England that the lady was a +Blount; probably one of the Blounts of Soddington, or of some one of the +numerous branches of that ancient family. + +AN INQUIRER. + +_"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."_--In what author may this +passage be found? + + "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind." + +E. P. H. + +Clapham. + +_Passage in the "Christian Year."_--In the beautiful lines on Confirmation +in this work, the following verse occurs: + + "Steady and pure as stars that beam + In middle heaven, all mist above, + Seen deepest in the frozen stream:-- + Such is their high courageous love." + +I should be grateful for an explanation of the _third_ line. + +A. A. D. + +_David's Mother._--I used to think it was impossible to ascertain from the +Old Testament the name of David's mother. In the _Genealogies recorded in +the Sacred Scriptures_, by J. S. (usually assumed to stand for John Speed, +the historian and geographer), the name of the Psalmist's mother is given +"Nahash." Can this be made out satisfactorily? Will the text 2 Sam. xvii. +25., as compared with 1 Chron. ii. 15., warrant it? + +Y. B. N. J. + +_Emblems._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the emblematic +meanings of the different precious stones, or of any of them? or in what +work I shall find them described? + +N. D. + +_"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira."_--In an appeal to the Privy +Council from Madras, the above unparalleled long word occurs as the +descriptions of an estate. I believe that its extreme length and +unpronounceable appearance is without an equal. Can any of your readers +acquainted with Indian literature translate it? if so, it would greatly +oblige + +F. J. G. + +_"Quid facies," &c._--I have lately met with the following curious play on +words in an old MS. book. Can any of your correspondents give any account +of it? + + "Quid facies, facies Veneris si veneris ante? + Ne pereas, per eas; ne sedeas, sed eas!" + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Will of Peter the Great._--M. Lamartiniere, in a French pamphlet on the +Eastern question, gives a document in several articles containing advice +with respect to the policy of his successors on the throne of Russia, in +which he advises her to make great advances in the direction of +Constantinople, India, &c., and advocates the partition of Poland. Upon +what authority does this document rest? and who is M. Lamartiniere? + +R. J. ALLEN. + +_H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare._--In the preface to _Lectures on English +Poetry, being the Remains of the late Henry Neele_ (Lond. 1830), mention is +made of a new edition of Shakspeare's dramatic works, "under the +superintendence of Mr. Neele as editor, for which his enthusiastic +reverence for the poet of 'all time' peculiarly fitted him, but which, from +the want of patronage, terminated after the publication of a very few +numbers." These very few numbers must have appeared about 1824-1827; yet +the answer to my repeated inquiries after them in London is always "We +cannot hear of them." Can any one give me farther information?--From the +_Navorscher_. + +J. M. + +_MS. by Rubens on Painting._--May I inquire of M. PHILARETE CHASLES whether +he ever saw or heard of a manuscript said to be written in Latin by Rubens, +and existing in the _Bibliotheque Nationale_ at Paris? One or two fragments +have occasionally been quoted: I think one may be found in Sir Joshua +Reynolds' _Discourses_, and the same is used by Burnet in his work on +painting; but no authority is given as to the source of the information.[2] + +If such a work can be found, it would confer a great boon upon the +profession of the fine arts, if it were brought to light without delay. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +[Footnote 2: [This may probably be Rubens's MS. Album, of which an account +is given in Vertue's _Anecdotes of Painting_, vol. ii. pp. 185, 186.--ED.]] + +_Peter Allan._--Will some correspondent of "N. & Q." afford information as +to the exact date and place of birth of the celebrated Peter Allan, whose +cave at Sunderland is regarded as one of the principal curiosities of the +north of England? {540} What is known of his general history; and is any +member of his family now living? + +E. C. + +_Haschisch or Indian Hemp._--I have been for some time trying to procure +some of the _Haschisch_, or Indian hemp, about which Dr. Moreau has +published such an amusing book, _Du Haschisch et de l'Alienation Mentale_, +Par. 1845.--Can any of your readers tell me where I can get any? The +narcotic effects of the common hemp plant are well known in our country +districts: where, under its ironical alias _Honesty_, the dried stalk is +often smoked, but the tropical variety appears to be infinitely more +powerful in its operation. + +V. T. STERNBERG. + +_Crieff Compensation._--During the rebellion in 1715, the village of +Crieff, Perthshire, was burnt by the Highland army, on account of the +attachment of its inhabitants to the royal cause. It has been stated that, +some years ago, the descendants of the sufferers received from government a +sum equivalent to a certain proportion of the loss which had been +sustained. + +Is there any official record in reference to this compensation? + +D. + +_Admission to Lincoln's Inn, the Temple, and Gray's Inn._--Have there ever +been published, or do there exist anywhere in MSS., lists of the persons +who have been from time to time matriculated as students of those inns of +court? + +A publication of them would be of the greatest value to the biographical +department of literature. + +G. + +_Orders for the Household of Lord Montagu._--The second Viscount Montagu, +grandson and heir of Anthony Browne, created Viscount in 1554, ob. 1592, +compiled a detailed code of regulations for his family, thus entitled: + + "A Booke of Orders and Rules established by me, Anthony, Viscount + Mountague, for the better direction and government of my howsholde and + family, together with the generall dutyes and charges apperteyninge to + myne officers and other servantes. Anno D[=n]i 1595." + +Has this curious illustration of ancient domestic manners ever been +published? + +ALBERT WAY. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Cateaton Street._--I am anxious to ascertain the meaning and derivation of +this word: the London Cateaton Street, I believe, is changed into Gresham +Street. I have lately learnt that there is a Cateaton Street in Liverpool +also. + +ETYMO. + + [Cateaton Street, or "Catteten Street," says Stow, "is a corruption of + Catte Street, which beginneth at the north end of Ironmonger Lane, and + runneth to the west end of St. Lawrence Church." In 1845, this street + was renamed Gresham Street.] + +_Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-frame._--In Hatton's _History of +London_ (published in 1708), it is stated that a picture (by Balderston) of +Lee, the inventor of the stocking-frame, hung in the hall of the Framework +Knitters' Company. The inquirer wishes to ascertain whether the picture is +yet in existence or not; and, if still in existence, where it can be seen. + +M. E. + + [In Cunningham's _Handbook of London_, p. 527., s. v. _Weavers' Hall, + Basinghall Street_, is a quotation from the _Quarterly Review_ for + January, 1816, in which the picture is spoken of as then existing in + the Stocking Weavers' Hall.] + +_Cocker's Arithmetic_ (Vol. iv., pp. 102. 149.).--Some correspondence +appears in "N. & Q." about the first edition of "Old Cocker." I should be +glad to ascertain the date of the latest edition. + +TYRO. + + [The British Museum contains the following editions of Cocker's + _Arithmetic_:--the 20th, Lond. 1700; the 37th, perused and published by + John Hawkins (with MS. notes), Lond. 1720; 41st, Lond. 1724; 50th, + corrected by Geo. Fisher, Lond. 1746. Watt notices one revised by J. + Mair, Edinb. 1751. In Professor de Morgan's _Arithmetical Books_, p. + 56., where a full history of Cocker's book is given, mention is made of + an Edinburgh edition, 1765, and a Glasgow edition of 1777.] + +_Lyke Porch or Litch Porch._--What is the proper name for the porch found, +not unfrequently, at the churchyard gate under which the body was, I +believe, supposed to rest before the funeral? Is it _lyke_ or _litch_? The +derivation may be different in different parts of England, as they were +originally Saxon or Danish. _Lueg_ Dan., _lyk_ Dutch, and _leiche_ Ger., are +all different forms of the same word. The first two approach nearer to +_lyke_, the latter to _litch_. + +J. H. L. + + [In most works on ecclesiastical architecture it is called _lich-gate_, + from Anglo-Saxon _lich_, a corpse: hence _Lich-field_, the field of + dead bodies. In the _Glossary of Architecture_ we read "_Lich-gate_, or + corpse-gate, _leichengang_, Germ., from the Ang.-Sax. _lich_, a corpse, + and _geat_, a gate; a shed over the entrance of a churchyard, beneath + which the bearers sometimes paused when bringing a corpse for + interment. The term is also used in some parts of the country for the + path by which a corpse is usually conveyed to the church."] + +_Henry Burton._--Henry Burton was born in 1579; studied at Oxford, and was +at one time minister of St. Matthew, Friday Street. In 1636, he drew upon +himself the vengeance of the Star-Chamber, by two discourses in which he +severely inveighed against the bishops. For this offence he was fined, +deprived of his ears, and sentenced to imprisonment for life. He was +liberated by {541} the parliament in 1640, and died in 1648. What +theological works did he write?--From the _Navorscher_. + +DIONYSIUS. + + [Burton's pen was so prolific, that we cannot find room for a list of + his works; and must refer DIONYSIUS to the Bodleian Catalogue, where + they fill nearly a column, and to Watt's _Bibliotheca_, s.v.] + +_British Mathematicians._--I am anxious to learn if there is any book which +contains an account of the lives and works of eminent British +arithmeticians and mathematicians? + +EUCLID. + + [Consult the following:--_Biographia Philosophica_: being an Account of + the Lives, Writings, and Inventions of the most eminent Philosophers + and Mathematicians, by Benjamin Martin: London, 1764, 8vo. There is + also a Chronological Table of the most eminent Mathematicians affixed + to John Bossut's _General History of Mathematics_, translated from the + French by John Bonnycastle: London, 1803, 8vo. Some notices of our + early English mathematicians will also be found in the _Companion to + the Almanac_ for 1837, and in the _Magazine of Popular Science_, Nos. + 18. 20. and 22.] + +_"Les Lettres Juives."_--Will any of your correspondents inform me who is +the author of _Lettres Juives_? The first volume of my edition, in eight +volumes 12mo., has the portrait of Jean Batiste B., Marquis de ----, ne le +29 Juin, 1704. + +J. R. + +Sunderland. + + ["Par le Marquis D'Argens," says Barbier.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.) + +In replying to Professor DE MORGAN'S last communication on this subject, it +may be as well, in order to avoid future misunderstanding, to revert +briefly to my original question. I pointed out Ben Jonson's assertion, +through a character in one of his plays, that about the beginning of the +seventeenth century, it was the custom to regard the legal rights of +majority as commencing with six o'clock A.M., and I asked to have that +assertion reconciled with our present commencement at midnight, and with +the statement that the latter is in accordance with the old reckoning. + +Thus I started with the production of affirmative evidence, to rebut which +I cannot find, in the replies of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN, any negative evidence +stronger than his individual opinion, which, however eminent in other +respects, has undoubtedly the disadvantage of being two hundred years later +than the contemporary evidence produced by me. I afterwards cited Arthur +Hopton as authority that lawyers in England, in his time, did make use of a +day which he classifies as that of the Babylonians; but inasmuch as he +apparently restricts its duration to twelve hours, whereas all ancient +writers concur in assigning to the Babylonians a day of twenty-four hours, +there is evidently a mistake somewhere, attributable either to Hopton or +his printers. + +This mistake may have arisen either from a misprint, or from a +transposition of a portion of the sentence. + +The supposition of a misprint is favoured by the circumstance that Hopton +was, at the time, professing to describe natural days of _twenty-four_ +hours; of these there are four great classes of commencement, from the four +principal quarters of the day; viz. from midnight, from mid-day, from +sun-setting and from sun-rising. Hopton had already assigned three of them +to different nations, and the fourth he had properly assigned, so far as +its commencement at sunrise was concerned, to the Babylonians. What, then, +can be more probable than that he intended this day also, like the rest, to +be of twenty-four hours' duration; and that the words "holding till +sun-setting" ought, perhaps, to have been printed "holding till +sun-_rising_?" + +This way of reconciling seeming anomalies, by the supposition of probable +misprints, receives great encouragement in the occasional occurrence of +similar mistakes in the most carefully printed modern books. I lately +noticed, while reading Sir James Ross's _Southern Voyage of Discovery_, a +work printed by the Admiralty, and on which extraordinary typographical +care had been bestowed, the following, at page 121. of vol. ii.: + + "It was full moon on the 15th of September, at 5.38 A.M." + +But the context shows that "full moon" ought to have been printed _new +moon_, and that "5.38 A.M." outlet to be 5.38 P.M.: and what renders these +two mistakes the more remarkable is, that they have no sort of connexion, +nor is the occurrence of the one in any way explanatory of the other. + +Now, the misprint of "sun-setting" for _sun-rising_, which I am supposing +in Hopton's book, would be much more likely of occurrence than these, +because these form part of a series of carefully examined data from which a +scientific deduction is to be drawn, while Hopton's is a mere loose +description. And, moreover, a twenty-four hour day, commencing and ending +with _sunrise_, does not, after all, appear to be so wholly unknown to +English law as PROF. DE MORGAN supposes, since Sir Edward Coke, to whom the +professor especially refers, describes such a day in these words: + + "Dies naturalis constat ea 24 horis et continet diem solarem et noctem; + and therefore in Inditements for Burglary and the like, we say in nocte + ejusdem diei. Iste dies naturalis est spatium in quo sol progreditur ab + oriente in occidentem et ab occidente iterum in orientem." + +{542} + +But there is another way of reconciling the discrepancy--Hopton may not +have intended the words "holding till sun-setting" to apply to the +Babylonians, but only to "the lawyers in England," whose day, he says, +_commenced_ at the same time as the Babylonian day. The transposition of +the words in question to the end of the sentence would give such a meaning, +viz. "The Babylonians begin their day at sun-rising, and so do our lawyers +count it in England, holding till sun-setting." Altered in this way, the +latter clause does not necessarily apply to the Babylonians. + +Here again we have a lawyers' day almost verbally identical with one +assigned to them by Sir Edward Coke: "Dies artificialis sive solaris +incipit in ortu solis et desinit in occasu, and of this the law of England +takes hold _in many cases_." + +Nor does Lord Coke strengthen or vary his description in the least, when +speaking of the day commencing at midnight; he uses again the same +expression with regard to it, "The Egyptians and Romans from midnight, and +so doth the law of England _in many cases_." + +Hence the authority of Chief Justice Coke, is at best only neutral; for who +will undertake to prove to which of these classes of "many cases" Lord Coke +meant to assign the attainment of majority? + +In support of Ben Jonson's testimony, it may be urged that the midnight +initial of the day was itself derived by us from the Romans; and it is +nearly certain that _they_ did not perform any legal act, connected with +birthday, until the commencement of the _dies solis_. + +A proof of this may be observed in the discussion by Aulus Gellius (_Noct. +Attic._, iii. 2.) as to which day, the preceding or the following, a +person's birth, happening in the night, was to be attributed. He quotes a +fragment from Varro,-- + + "Homines qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem his horis XXIV + nati sunt, uno die nati dicuntur." + +On which Gellius remarks: + + "From these words it may be observed that the arrangement of (birth) + days was such, that to any person born after sunset, and before + midnight, the day from which that night had proceeded should be the + birthday; but to any person born during the last six hours of the + night, the day which should succeed that night must be the birthday." + +This explanation might seem almost purposely written in reply to some such +difficulty as occurred to PROFESSOR DE MORGAN (_ante_, p. 250.), when he +remarks that, if birthday were to be confined to daylight, "a child not +born by daylight would have no birthday at all!" But since it was notorious +amongst the Romans that the civil day began at midnight, such a _quaeri +solitum_ as this could never have been mooted, if the birthday observance +had not been known and acknowledged to have a different commencement. In +continuation of the same subject, Gellius proceeds to quote another passage +from Varro, which I shall also repeat, not only as furnishing still farther +proof that the Romans did not regard the night as forming any part of the +birthday, but also as affording an opportunity of recording an opinion as +to the interpretation of Varro's words, which, in this passage, do not +appear to have ever been properly understood. + +After stating that many persons in Umbria reckon from noon to noon as one +and the same day, Varro remarks: + + "Quod quidem nimis absurdum est; nam qui calendarum hora sexta natus + est apud Umbros, dies ejus natalis videri debebit et calendarum + dimidiatus, et qui est post calendas dies ante horam ejusdem diei + sextam." + +Now why should _beginning one's birthday at noon_ appear so absurd to +Varro? Simply because the hours of the night were not then supposed to be +included in the birthday at all, and therefore Varro could not _realize_ +the idea of a birthday continued through the night. + +He says that, according to the Umbrian reckoning, a person born on any day +_after_ the point of noon, would have only half a birthday on that day; and +for the other half, he would have to take the forenoon of the following +day. Varro had no notion of joining the afternoon of one day to the +forenoon of another, because he looked upon the unbroken presence of the +sun as the very essence of a natal day. + +Nothing can be plainer than that this was the true nature of the absurdity +alluded to; but it would not suit the prejudices of the commentators, +because it would compel them to admit that _sexta hora must have been in +the afternoon_, in opposition to their favourite dogma that it was always +in the forenoon. + +For if Varro had intended to represent sexta hora in the _forenoon_, he +would have said that the other half-day must be taken from the _after_noon +of the _pridie_, instead of saying, as he does say, that it must be taken +from the _fore_noon of the _postridie_ of the Calends. + +Consequently, Varro means by "qui Calendarum hora sexta natus est," a +person born in the sixth hour of the day of the Calends; the sixth hour +being that which immediately succeeded noon--the _media hora_ of Ovid. But +what Varro more immediately means by it is, not any particular point of +time, but generally any time _after noon_ on the day of the Calends. + +That the true position of _sexta hora_, when implying duration, was in the +afternoon, has long been a conviction of mine; and I have elsewhere +produced undeniable evidence that it was so {543} considered by ancient +authors. But this passage from Varro is a new and hitherto unnoticed proof, +and certainly it ought to be a most convincing one, because it seems +impossible to give Varro's words a rational meaning without the admission +of this hypothesis, while with it everything is clear and consistent. + +The commentators, driven by the necessity I have just pointed out, either +to admit the afternoon position of _sexta hora_, or to abstain from reading +it as a _space_ of time, have attempted to force a meaning by reading +_sexta hora_ in its other sense, an absolute mathematical point, the +_punctus ipse_ of noon. + +In so doing they have not scrupled to libel Varro's common sense; they +represent his idea of the absurd to consist in the embarrassment that would +be caused by the birth occurring at the critical moment of change,--split +as it were _upon the knife-edge of noon_; so that, in the doubt that would +arise as to which day it should belong, it must be attributed partly to +both! + +This interpretation is so monstrous, and so evidently wide of the meaning +of the words, that its serious imputation would scarcely be believed, if it +were not embalmed in the Delphin edition of Aulus Gellius, where we read +the following footnote referring to the _argumentum ad absurdum_ of Varro: + + "Infirmum omnino argumentum, et quod perinde potest in ipsum Varronem + retorqueri. Quid enim? Si quis apud Romanos Calendis hora vi. noctis + fuerit natus, nonne pariter dies ejus natalis videri debebit, et partim + Calendarum, et partim ejus dici qui sequetur?" + +It is not worth while to inquire what may have been the precise dilemma +contemplated by the writer of this note, since most certainly it is not a +reflex of Varro's meaning. The word _dimidiatus_ is completely cushioned, +although Gellius himself has a chapter upon it a little farther on in the +same volume. + +The anomaly that amused Varro was the necessity of piecing together two +halves not belonging to the same individual day and with the hiatus of a +night between them; a necessity that would assuredly appear most absurd to +one who had no other idea of birthday than the twelve consecutive hours of +artificial day, which he would call "the natural day." + +This proneness of the Romans to look upon the _dies solis_ as the only +effective part of the twenty-four hours, is again apparent in their +commencement of horary notation at sunrise, six hours later than the actual +commencement of the day. And in our own anomalous repetition of twice +twelve, we may still trace the remains of the twelve-hour day; we have +changed the initial point, but we have retained the measure of duration. + +It is, however, certain that the two methods of reckoning time continued +for a long time to exist contemporaneously. Hence it became necessary to +distinguish one from the other _by name_, and thus the notation from +midnight gave rise, as I have remarked in one of my papers on Chaucer, to +the English idiomatic phrase "of the clock;" or the reckoning of the clock, +commencing at midnight, as distinguished from Roman equinoctial hours, +commencing at six o'clock A.M. This was what Ben Jonson was meaning by +attainment of majority at _six o'clock_, and not, as PROFESSOR DE MORGAN +supposes, "probably a certain sunrise." Actual sunrise had certainly +nothing to do with the technical commencement of the day in Ben Jonson's +time. For convenience sake, six o'clock had long been taken _as +conventional sunrise all the year round_; and even amongst the Romans +themselves, equinoctial hours were frequently used at all seasons. Actual +sunrise, in after times, had only to do with "hours inequall," which are +said to have fallen into disuse, in common life, so early as the fifth or +sixth century. + +I trust I may now have shown reasonable grounds for the belief that Ben +Jonson may, after all, have had better authority than his license as a +dramatic poet, for dating the attainment of majority at six o'clock A.M.; +and that nothing short of contemporary evidence directly contradictory of +the custom so circumstantially alluded to by him, ought to be held +sufficient to throw discredit upon it. It is one of the singular +coincidences attending the discussion of this matter by Gellius, that, at +the conclusion of the chapter I have been expatiating upon, he should cite +the authority of Virgil; observing that the testimony of _poets_ is very +valuable upon such subjects, even when veiled in the obscurity of poetic +imagery. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + + * * * * * + +LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON. + +(Vol. viii., p 429.) + +Your Correspondent PROF. DE MORGAN has so ingeniously analysed the facts, +which he already possesses, bearing on the connexion of Sir Isaac Newton's +niece with Lord Halifax, and her designation in the _Biographia +Britannica_, that I am tempted to furnish him with some additional +evidence. This question of Mrs. Catherine Barton's widowhood has often been +canvassed by that portion of her relatives who do not possess the custody +of Sir Isaac Newton's private letters. + +The Montagues had a residence in the village of Bregstock in +Northamptonshire, where the Bartons lived. The Bartons were a family of +good descent, and had long been lessees of the crown with the Montagues for +lands near Braystock. + +There were several Colonel Bartons, whose respective ages and relationship +can best be {544} exhibited by a short pedigree. Thomas Barton had two +sons, Thomas and Robert. + +Robert (born in 1630, and who died in 1693) married Hannah Smith, Newton's +half-sister, by whom he had Hannah (born 1678), Catherine (born 1679, died +1739), Colonel Robert (born 1684). + +Thomas (born in 1619, died in 1704) married Alice Palmer, by whom he had +Thomas, who married Mary Dale, by whom he had Thomas (d. s. p.), Colonel +Matthew (born 1672), Colonel Noel (born 1674, died 1714). Thomas had a +second son, Geoffrey, who married Elizabeth ----, by whom he had Charles +(born 1700), Cutts (born 1706), Catherine (born 1709), Montague (born +1717), and others. + +In a family paper written by a granddaughter of Colonel Noel Barton, at her +mother's dictation, it is stated that Colonel Matthew married a relative of +Sir Isaac Newton, and was Comptroller of the Mint; but this paper is not +very correct in its other statements. + +On the other hand, a connexion of the family who signs himself H. in an old +number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, says of Newton: + + "He had a half-sister, who had a daughter, to whom he gave the best of + educations, the famous witty Miss Barton, who married Mr. Conduit of + the Mint." + +Mr. Conduit writes, that his wife lived twenty years before and after her +marriage with Sir Issac. + +I had always thought that Catherine Barton's brother Robert had died too +early to attain the rank of Colonel. In the British Museum, in the +Register, there is an account of a sermon preached at the funeral of Robert +Barton in the year 1703. I could not find the sermon. + +The famous Duchess of Marlborough thus satirises Mouse Montague: + + "He was a frightful figure, and yet pretended to be a lover; and + followed several beauties, who laughed at him for it." + +It is worth mentioning that Colonel Noel Barton died in London in 1714, +while in attendance on his patron Lord Gainsborough, soon after he had been +appointed Governor of the Leeward Islands. This was the year before Lord +Halifax's _Life_ was written, and possibly might have been the cause of the +designation "Widow" being applied to Catherine Barton by mistake. Whatever +the connexion of this lady with Lord Halifax may have been, it does not +seem to have given any offence to her relatives. You will observe that +Geoffrey Barton names his sons Charles and Montague, and his daughter +Catherine. Charles afterwards received the rectory of St. Andrew's Holborn +from the family of Montague; and Cutts was Dean of Bristol under Bishop +Montague. And Montague obtained preferment from Mr. Conduit. Neither the +family of Montague, nor that of Barton, seem to have thought the connexion +discreditable. Moreover, the births of these children of Geoffrey Barton, a +clergyman, occurred at the very period when the name of Catherine should +have been most distasteful, had the intimacy been dishonourable. + +Mr. Conduit died in the year 1738, and Mrs. Conduit in the year 1739; and +Catherine Conduit did not become Lady Lymington till 1740. Probably both +Mr. and Mrs. Conduit made wills. Have they been examined at Doctors' +Commons? + +J. W. J. + + * * * * * + +MILTON'S WIDOW. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471.) + +It is pleasing to find so much interest excited among the readers of "N. & +Q." relative to the parentage of this lady; and we may fairly hope that the +spirit of research which has thus been awakened, will not die away until +the last spark of error and mystery has been extinguished. + +T. L. P. has favoured us with quotations from a little pamphlet, entitled +_Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_. Now, +after giving this work a most careful perusal, I cannot but think that the +title of the book is, in this instance at least, a misnomer. The authoress, +for it was written by a lady long resident in the vicinity, has evidently +wrought upon the foundations of others; and taking the veteran Ormerod as a +sufficient authority, has given full vent to her imagination, and pictured, +with "no 'prentice hand," the welcome visits of Milton to Stoke Hall, a +place which, in all probability, was never once honoured with the presence +of this great man. There is no evidence whatever adduced to give even the +semblance of colour to this unfortunate error; whereas, on the side of the +Wistaston family, the proofs of its identity as the family of Mrs. Milton +are numerous and, to my notion, incontrovertible. + +As if, indeed, to give us "confirmation sure" of the truth of this +position, our old friend CRANMORE starts up, "like a spirit from the vasty +deep," and, after an absence of many months from our ranks, pays off his +ancient score by producing the evidence he so long ago promised us. From it +we gather that Thomas Paget, the father, named his _cousin_ Minshull, +apothecary in Manchester, overseer of his will; and that his son, Nathan +Paget, eighteen years afterwards, names in his will John Goldsmith and +Elizabeth Milton as _his cousins_, and makes bequests to them accordingly. +Now, it so happens that Thomas, son of Richard Minshull of Wistaston, was +an _apothecary_, and that he settled in _Manchester_, and thereupon founded +the family of Minshull of Manchester. This {545} gentleman was doubtless +the _cousin_ referred to in the will of the elder Paget. It farther +happens, that Thomas Minshull, the grandfather of this Manchester +apothecary, married a daughter of Goldsmith of Nantwich. The John Goldsmith +of the Middle Temple would then doubtless be the nephew or grand-nephew of +this lady, and in either case a _cousin_ of Thomas Minshull of Manchester, +and of Elizabeth Minshull of Wistaston. This is another, if not a +completing link in the genealogical chain, and convinces me, now more than +ever, of the correctness of my conclusions. + +I may add that the whole of the deeds referred to by MR. SINGER are now in +the safe and worthy keeping of Mr. J. Fitchett Marsh of Warrington; and +that they are published _in extenso_, together with a valuable essay on +their historical importance by their present possessor, in the first volume +of _Miscellanies_ issued by the Chetham Society. + +T. HUGHES. + + * * * * * + +ANTICIPATORY USE OF THE CROSS. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 132. 417.) + +I am not sure that any of your correspondents have noticed the resemblance +between the letter T t, especially in some of its ancient forms, and the +form of the cross. In the Greek, Etruscan, and Samaritan forms of this +letter, we have representations of the three principal forms which the +cross has assumed: [Tau cross], +, x. It is also remarkable that in Ezekiel +ix. 4. 6.: "Set a mark on the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry," +&c., the word rendered "mark" is [Hebrew: T\dagesh\W] (_Tau_), the name of +the Hebrew letter answering to the above: and as the Samaritan alphabet, +which the present Hebrew characters have superseded, was then in use, it is +highly probable that the "mark" referred to in Ezekiel's vision was the +Samaritan _Tau_, as seen on ancient Hebrew shekels, resembling a St. +Andrew's cross. + +A circumstance relating to the Paschal sacrifice mentioned by Justin +Martyr, in his conference with Trypho the Jew, and which he asserts without +contradiction from his learned opponent, is worthy of a note: + + "This lamb, which was to be roasted whole, was a symbol of the + punishment of the cross, which was inflicted on Christ, [Greek: To gar + optomenon probaton, k.t.l.] For the lamb which was roasted was so + placed as to resemble the figure of a cross; with one spit it was + pierced longitudinally, from the tail to the head; with another it was + transfixed through the shoulders, so that the forelegs became + extended."--Vid. Just. Martyri _Opera_, edit. Oberther, vol. ii. p. + 106. + +Your correspondent H. N. appears to have fallen into several errors, which +(having appeared in "N. & Q.") ought not to pass unnoticed. + +1. He confounds the basilica with the cruciform cathedral, and with "the +plan of the Roman forum." + +Basilica (from Gr. [Greek: Basilike], a royal dwelling) was the name given +by the Romans to those public edifices in which justice was administered +and mercantile business transacted. Several of these buildings, or the +remains of them, still exist in Rome, each forum probably having had its +basilica. Vitruvius, who constructed one at Fanum, says it ought to be +built "on the warm side of the forum, that those whose affairs call them +thither might confer without being incommoded by the weather." Yet H. N. +says: "The basilica seems to have originally been the architectural plan of +the Roman forum." The most perfect specimen of the antique basilica is that +discovered at Pompeii, on the south side of the form and at right angles +with it. By consulting a good plan of Pompeii, or glancing at a plan of its +basilica, any one may see that it was not cruciform, but "in the form of a +long parallelogram," with a central space and side porticoes, answering to +the nave and aisles of a church. The early Christians adopted the basilica +form for their churches: those built in the form of a Greek or Latin cross +are of much later date. Yet H. N.'s learned friend exclaims, when viewing +the temple of Muttra, "Here is the cross! the basilica carried out with +more correctness of order and symmetry than in Italy!" + +2. H. N. assumes that the Jews practised crucifixion as a punishment, and +"may have imitated the Assyrians, as crucifixion may have been adopted long +before that of Christ and the two thieves (Qy. robbers)." Crucifixion +appears to have been in use from a very remote period, but was never +adopted by the Jews. The Romans, who with all their greatness were an +atrociously cruel people, employed it as the peculiar and appropriate +punishment of delinquent slaves. Christ was "crucified under Pontius +Pilate," the Roman Procurator of Judea, at a time when that country had +become subject to the Romans, and its rulers could say, "It is not lawful +for us to put any man to death." + +3. When H. N. refers to "the advocates of conversion and their itinerant +agents," it is difficult to perceive exactly what he intends, except "to +hint a fault and hesitate dislike." But before a writer undertakes to cast +a reflection on those great societies who have been labouring--not by +coercion, but by instruction and persuasion, by the circulation of the +scriptures and the preaching of the Gospel--to substitute Christianity for +idolatry among those who are under the government of Great Britain, he +should well understand the grounds of his censures, so as to be able "to +explain to the conversionists that, unless this doctrine be openly refuted, +the missionaries may in truth be fighting their own shadow." {546} + +How then has H. N. explained the doctrine which they are to refute--the +meaning of the "cross and basilica" in India? The only witness in proof of +it has disappeared "by falling into a volcanic crater." He himself +professes to be quite ignorant of cathedral architecture and the English +government, and English gentlemen generally, who have shamefully secreted +such a treasure, are equally ignorant. Why had they not consulted the +living Church of Hindooism, and shown it a little sympathy and respect with +a view to getting enlightened? Whereas "the little they do know is derived +from books." Farther, "the elder civilians, men of ability, classical +scholars, and first-rate Asiatic linguists," when assembled in that very +building, though they descanted on the sanctity of the place, "not one of +them knew nor remarked the 'cross and basilica.'" And when visiting the +great temple of Benares, H. N. does not recollect that the cross was either +noticed to him or by him. + +It may be true that when the Hindoo "system of government existed in +efficiency, there was neither crime nor punishment"--a shadowy tradition, I +presume, of the state of innocence! It may also be true that "the mythology +of the Nile agrees with that of the Ganges." But it would not follow that +the cross is a myth derived from the mysteries of Egypt or the astronomy of +India. It would still remain an unquestionable fact, that the cross, for +ages an instrument of ignominious torture under Pagan Rome, only ceased to +be so when Christianity had won its way through all ranks of society up to +the imperial throne; then its employment was abolished by Constantine, +partly from the humanising influence of the new faith, and partly out of +reverence to Him who had suffered on it for the world's redemption. + +The anticipations of Christianity supplied by Paganism, of which Krishna +"burnishing the head of the serpent" is a striking example, may be easily +accounted for, and their source pointed out. As a corruption of the +earliest revelation, Paganism contains, as might be expected, a portion of +truth blended with much error. Indeed, it would be no difficult task to +prove that classical and oriental mythology is in some sense, and to a +great extent, the shadow of biblical truth. What then? In endeavouring to +supplant idolatry in the Roman empire, were the Apostles and first +preachers of Christianity merely "fighting their own shadow?" They +recognised those truths which even heathens admit, but opposed and +overthrew the accumulated errors of ages. Yet there were some even then who +condemned the preaching of the cross as "foolishness," till success +demonstrated its wisdom. + +Lastly, H. N., having "travelled much in this country and on the +Continent," is convinced "that superstition prevails comparatively _less_ +in Asia than in Europe," and that "the pages of 'N. & Q.' abundantly +corroborate the opinion." + +This is far more startling than the discovery of the "cross and basilica" +at Muttra. To admit it, however, would require us to disregard the +testimony of a cloud of witnesses, and to ignore all our former reading. +The vast systems of Asiatic superstition, it seems, are less objectionable +than our own folk lore; the tremendous shades of Brahma and Budhu, of +Juggernaut and the goddess Kali, with their uncouth images and horrid +worship, are harmless when compared with Puck, the Pixies, and Robin +Goodfellow; and Caste, Suttee, and Devil-worship[3] are evils of less +magnitude than cairns, kist-vaens, and cromlechs. The mental balance must +be peculiarly constructed that could lead to such a decision. Certainly +H. N. is no Rhadamanthus. "Dat veniam corvis, vexat censure columbas." + +The appeal to "N. & Q." in corroboration of his opinion forms a pleasant +and suitable conclusion of the whole: for while in India superstition still +undeniably lives and "prevails," it is one special object of "N. & Q." to +embalm the remains of local superstitions in Great Britain that have either +breathed their last, or are _in extremis_; to collect the relics of +long-departed superstitions that were once vigorous and rampant in our +island, but are now in danger of being lost and forgotten. Their very +remnants and vestiges have become so rare that they are unknown to the +great mass of the community; and the learned, therefore, especially those +versed in ethology, are urged to hunt them out wherever they exist in the +different districts of the country, before they fall into utter oblivion. + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +[Footnote 3: For proof of the existence of Devil-worship, see _Yakkun +Nottanawa_, a Cingalese poem, translated by John Callaway, printed for the +Oriental Translation Fund: J. Murray, 1829.] + +I would beg to suggest to H. N. that if his friend Count Venua saw in the +Hindoo temple at Muttra both the form of a perfect cross and of a +"basilica, carried out with more correctness of order and symmetry than in +Italy," he must have been so totally ignorant of early architecture as to +make his observations quite worthless, since there is no more similitude +between the cruciform church and the basilica than there is between two +parallel lines (=) and two lines crossing each other at right angles (+). + +"The precise shape of the cross on the Temple of Serapis" can only be +inferred from the words of the historian cited, and the inference therefrom +is strong that it was the _crux ansata_. + +EDEN WARWICK + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + +{547} + +DECORATIVE PAVEMENT TILES FROM CAEN. + +(Vol. viii., p. 493.) + +The tiles presented, in 1786, to Mr. Charles Chadwick, of Mavesyn-Ridware, +Staffordshire, are preserved in the church at that place. They form two +tablets affixed to the wall in the remarkable sepulchral chapel arranged +and decorated, at a great cost, by the directions of that gentleman towards +the close of the last century, when the greater portion of the church was +rebuilt. The north chapel, or aisle, containing the tombs of the Mavesyns +and the Ridwares, the ancient lords of the estates which descended to Mr. +Chadwick, was preserved; and here are to be seen two cross-legged effigies, +a curious incised portraiture on an altar-tomb, representing Sir Robert +Mavesyn, 1403, with other incised slabs and interesting memorials; to which +were added, by Mr. Chadwick, a series of large incised figures, which +surround the chapel. These last are not shown in the view given in Shaw's +_History of Staffordshire_, vol. ii. p. 191., having been executed since +the publication of that work; and it is stated that they were engraved by +the parish clerk under Mr. Chadwick's direction, being intended to pourtray +the successive lords of the place from the Norman times to the sixteenth +century, each in the costume of his period. There are also numerous +atchievements and other decorations attached to the walls; amongst these +are the pavement tiles from Caen, one of which bore the same arms as are +assigned to the family of Malvoisin-Rosny, and on that account probably Mr. +Chadwick placed these relics from Normandy amongst the enrichments of his +mausoleum. + +In regard to MR. BOASE'S first inquiry, "Who was Charles Chadwick, Esq.?" +it may suffice to cite the detailed account of the family given by Shaw, +and the short notice of that gentleman which will be found in the _History +of Staffordshire_, vol. ii. p. 185. + +On a visit to Mavesyn-Ridware in 1839, I was struck with the appearance of +these tiles; their design and fashion at once recalled those from Caen with +which I had been familiar in Normandy. Having ascertained their origin, I +took occasion to state the fact of their preservation at this church in the +"Notes on Decorative Tiles," communicated to Mr. Parker by me, and given in +the fourth edition of his useful _Glossary of Architecture_, in 1845: see +p. 367. + +It should be observed that the number of tiles composing the two tablets +now to be seen is forty; whilst the number, as stated _Gent. Mag._, vol. +lix. part i. p. 211., and in a second letter from Mr. Barrett, in vol. lx. +part ii. p. 710., not cited by MR. BOASE in his Query, is twenty. MR. BOASE +is probably aware that the sixteen tiles from the Great Guard Chamber at +Caen, which supplied the subject of Mr. J. Major Henniker's memoir, were +presented by him to the Society of Antiquaries of London, and are now in +their museum, as noticed in the catalogue, compiled by myself, p. 30. + +A coloured drawing of an heraldic pavement at Caen, taken about 1700, is +preserved in a volume of the great collection formed by M. de Gaignieres, +and bequeathed by Gough to the Bodleian Library. It comprises chiefly +drawings of French sepulchral monuments, arranged by localities; and there +is one volume, entitled _Recueil de Tapisseries, d'Armoiries et de +Devises_, in which may be found the interesting memorial of this decorative +pavement of tiles, which was destroyed during the fury of the Revolution. + +ALBERT WAY. + +Charles Chadwick, Esq., of Healy Hall, Lancashire, and Mavesyn-Ridware, in +the county of Stafford, to whom the monks of St. Stephen, at Caen, +presented, in the year 1786, a series of encaustic tiles with heraldic +devices taken from the floor of the (so called) "Great Guard Chamber of the +Palace of the Dukes of Normandy," died in 1829. I infer that the tiles were +brought to the Lancashire residence of Mr. Chadwick because the description +and the drawing for the engraving were both supplied to the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ by a Lancashire antiquary, Thomas Barnett, of Hydes Cross, +Manchester: but as the descendants of Mr. Chadwick no longer reside in +Lancashire, the hall being occupied by a woollen manufacturer, I have been +unable to obtain any information respecting the tiles, though long desirous +to do so. + +I direct attention to another series of the same tiles, sixteen in number, +which were presented to the Society of Antiquaries through the president, +the Earl of Leicester, in 1788, by John Henniker, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., S.A., +and M.P., who afterwards took the additional name of Major. This gentleman +received the tiles from his brother, Captain Henniker, then resident at +Caen; and in 1794 he published an interesting account of them with +engravings, entitled _Two Letters on the Origin, Antiquity, and History of +Norman Tiles stained with Armorial Bearings_ (London, John Bell, Strand). +The engravings both in this volume and in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ are +indifferently executed, and too small in scale to be of use. Mr. Henniker +describes the colours of his tiles to be "yellow and brown," while Mr. +Barnett states that the tiles in Mr. Chadwick's possession were "light grey +and black;" a curious discrepancy, seeing that in all other respects they +were exactly similar. These tiles are of so much heraldic and antiquarian +interest that if either set could be made available for the purpose, it is +very desirable that they be engraved of full size, and printed by the +modern easy process to imitate the colours. + +GILBERT J. FRENCH. + + * * * * * + +{548} + +MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY. + +(Vol. viii., p. 170.) + +With your permission I shall enlarge the list of mottos of the German +emperors, as well by commencing with the Germano-Frankish era as by +supplying those omitted in the series given by MR. JOSHUA G. FITCH. My +authorities are Reusneri _Symbola Imperatoria tribus classibus Caes. Rom. +Italic., C. R. Graecorum, C. R. Germanico_; and Sadeler, _Symbola divina et +humana Pontificum, Imperatorum, Regum_, &c.: + + Caroli Magni. 752. _Christus regnat, vincit, triumphat._ + + Ludovici Pii. 814. _Omnium rerum vicissitudo._ + + Lotharii I. 840. _Ubi mel, ibi fel._ + + Ludovici II. 855. _Par sit fortuna labori._ + + Caroli II. (Calvi.) 875. _Justitiam injustitia parit._ + + Caroli III. (Crassi.) 881. _Os garrulum intricat omnia._ + + Arnulphi. 888. _Facilis descensus Averni._ + + Ludovici III. 899. _Multorum manus, paucorum consilium._ + + Othonis Magni. _Aut mors aut vita decora._ + + Othonis III. _Unita virtus valet._ + + Henrici II. (Claudi.) _Ne quid nimis._ + + Friderici I. (AEnobarbi.) _Aliud. Qui nescit dissimulare nescit + imperare._ + + Friderici II. _Minarum strepitus, asinorum crepitus._ The following is + the correct reading of the words given in Vol. viii., p. 170.: + _Cumplurium triariorum ego strepitum audivi._ + + Adolphi. _Animus est qui divites facit._ + + Alberti I. _Aliud. Quod optimum idem jucundissimum._ + + Henrici VII. _Aliud. Fide et consilio._ + + Ludovici IV. _Sola bona quae honesta._ + _Aliud. Deo et Caesari._[4] + + Caroli IV. _Optimum aliena insania frui._ + _Aliud. Nullius pavet occursum._ + + Wenceslai. _Morosophi moriones pessimi._ + _Aliud. Tempestati parendum._ + + Sigismundi. _Aliud. Sic cedunt munera fatis._ + + Alberti II. _Aliud. Fugam victoria nescit._ + + Friderici III. _Rerum irrecuperabilium foelix oblivio._ + _Aliud. A. E. I. O. U._ + +That these vowels are supposed to signify "Austriae est imperare orbi +universo" has already been communicated in "N. & Q." Reusner has given then +another interpretation "Aquila electa iuste vincit omnia." + +"Aliud. Hic regit, ille tuetur. Leges et arma in promptu habes, illae +regunt, haec tuentur imperium. A Justiniano habet," &c.--Sadeler, p. 43. + + Maximiliani I. _Aliud. In manu Dei Regis est [cor]._ + _Aliud. Per tot discrimina._ + + Caroli V. _Aliud. Nondum in auge [Sol]._ + _Aliud. Fundatori quietis [laurea]._ + + Ferdinandi. _Fiat justitia aut pereat mundus._ + _Aliud. A. I. P. Q. N. S. I. A._ + + "Accidit in puncto quod non speratur in anno; + Temporis in puncto qui sapit, ille sapit." + + Maximiliani II. _Comminuam vel extinguam._ + (_Puta semiplenam Turcarum lunulam._) + + Rudolphi II. _Aliud. Ex voluntate Dei omnia._ + _Aliud. Sic ad astra._ + _Aliud. Tu ne cede malis._ + +In Reusner's work the mottos are accompanied by copious and erudite +comments; and in Sadeler's by engravings also; the devices or achievements +of distinguished men, denominated in the Italian language _Imprese_, and in +the Latin _Symbola Heroica_. + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +[Footnote 4: "Symbolum [aquila solem contra tuens] quo jam se non tantum +adversario opponit sed cum Deo parum modeste ponit. Est quidem aquila Jovi +sacra ut ad fabulas rem revolvamus. Sed absit mihi omnis cum Deo +comparatio."--Sadeler, p. 39.] + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Simplicity of Calotype Process._--The session of the Photographic Society +was commenced with a paper from our original correspondent, DR. DIAMOND, +under the above title. Our journal having led to such facilities of +question and answer, has induced many of our readers to ask upon several +points additional instructions, some of which we have ourselves thought +might have been made more clear and having written to DR. DIAMOND he has +promised us a revised copy for our next Number. Replying to some of our +Querists, he says, "The plain photographic facts are correct; but I wrote +the paper on the morning of the day on which the Society met, and was not +aware it was to be printed in the _Journal_ until I received my copy." + +_Albumenized Paper._--As my only object writing on this subject was to +communicate to others the plan which _I_ had found _in practice_ most +successful, I think it necessary to correct some points of misapprehension +which it is evident your correspondent K. N. M. has fallen into, Vol. +viii., p. 501. + +In the process I recommended, the paper, if cockled up, readily becomes +flat and even if kept in a portfolio or any similar receptacle; and as I +_never float_ my paper to sensitize it, I have not the inconvenience of the +silver solution becoming spoiled by particles of the albumen. The 100 +grains to the ounce for the solution I do not find more extravagant when +applied, as I have indicated, with a glass rod, than one of 30 grains to +the ounce when the paper is floated, because in the former case I use only +just enough to cover the paper, viz. forty-five minims to a half-sheet of +{549} Canson's paper, and there is no loss from any portion adhering to the +dishes, evaporation, or filtering. This is far more than would be imagined +when only a sheet or two of paper is required at one time. Lastly, with +regard to the _strokes_ being visible after printing the positive, I do not +find them so in general, though occasionally such a thing does happen when +sufficient care has not been taken in the preparation; but I find striae +quite as visible on two positives prepared by DR. DIAMOND himself, which he +kindly gave me: however, I will forward a sample of my paper for your +judgment, and also a portion for K. N. M. if he will take the trouble of +trying the same. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_New Developing Mixture._--Having for some months past used the following +developing mixture, and finding it very bright and easily applied, I beg to +offer it to your notice. It does not cost more than three farthings per +ounce, and therefore may be worth the consideration of beginners. I do not +know a better where the metallic appearance is not desired. + + No. 1. Pyrogallic acid 2 grains. + Glacial acetic acid 1 drachm. + Water 1 oz. + + No. 2. Protosulphate of iron 10 grains. + Nitric acid 2 drops. + Water 1 oz. + + To six drachms of No. 2. add two of No. 1. + +I pour it on, but do not return it to the bottle, as it is apt to spoil if +so used. + +T. L. MERRITT. + +_Queries on the Albumenized Process._--Allow me to put a few questions +through your valued paper. + +In the albumen process on glass, Messrs. Ross and Thomson, in +Thornthwaite's _Guide_, recommend 10 drops of sat. solution of iodized +potassa to each egg. Now is it meant _ten drops_, or _ten minims_? If the +former, a drop varies with the bottle and quantity of liquid in it; and ten +drops are nearly half the bulk of ten minims, generally speaking. Then as +to the egg: an egg in this country is only at most 6 [drachm]; in England +an egg appears twice as large.--Could you state the general bulk of an egg +in England, and to what quantity by bulk or weight of albumen the 10 drops +or minims are to be applied? When I say an egg is only 6 [drachm], I mean +the white of one. + +A SUBSCRIBER. + +Bombay. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Poems in connection with Waterloo_ (Vol. vii., p. 6.).--A correspondent of +the _Naval and Military Gazette_ of November 19, 1853, signing himself +"M.A., Pem. Coll., Oxford," has pointed out an error into which I had +fallen "respecting the elm-trees at and connected with Waterloo." + +I certainly was given to understand, when I received the monody, that it +was written by the public orator on the death of his son _who fell at +Waterloo_: whereas it clearly appears by the obituary in the _Gentleman's +Magazine_, that _Ensign William Crowe_, first battalion, 4th foot, _son of +the public orator_ at Oxford, _was killed at the attack_ upon New Orleans +Jan. 8, 1815. + +I hasten to acknowledge my mistake, though I am glad that the two copies of +verses found place in your columns. + +BRAYBROOKE. + +_Richard Oswald_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.)--Your Querist will find many letters +to and from him in Franklin's _Memoirs_. He was for some years a merchant +in the city of London. In 1759 he purchased the estate of Auchincruive, in +the county of Ayr, and died there in 1783. No memoir of him has ever been +published. He was for many years an intimate friend of Lord Shelbourne, who +sent him to Paris in 1782, and again in 1783, to negotiate with Franklin, +with whom he had been for some time acquainted. During the Seven Years' War +he acted as commissary-general to the allied armies under the Duke of +Brunswick, who said of him in the official despatches, that "England had +sent him commissaries fit to be generals, and generals not fit to be +commissaries." + +J. H. E. + +_Grammont's Marriage_ (Vol. viii., p. 461.).--In one of the notes to +Grammont, originally, I believe, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his edition, +but which appears at p. 415. of Bohn's reprint, we are told on the +authority of the _Biographia Gallica_, vol. i. p. 202.: + + "The famous Count Grammont was thought to be the original of _The + Forced Marriage_. This nobleman, during his stay at the court of + England, had made love to Miss Hamilton, but was coming away from + France without bringing matters to a proper conclusion. The young + lady's brothers pursued him, and came up with him near Dover, in order + to exchange some pistol shot with him. They called out, 'Count + Grammont, have you forgot nothing at London?' 'Excuse me,' answered the + Court guessing their errand, 'I forgot to marry your sister; so lead + on, and let us finish that affair.'" + +My object in this communication is to supply an omission in MR. STEINMAN'S +very interesting Notes, who does not show, as he might have done, how the +letters of M. de Comminges prove the truth of this story. For, from the +passage quoted by MR. STEINMAN from the letter to the king, dated Dec. +20-24, 1663, it is evident that the count was about on that day to leave +England "without bringing matters to a proper conclusion;" while that he +married the lady within a day or {550} two of that date may fairly be +inferred from the announcement on Aug. 29-Sept. 8, 1664, that "Madame la +Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils." MR. STEINMAN'S +omission was probably intentional; I have supplied it in the hope that the +date and place of the marriage may now be ascertained, and for the purpose +of expressing my hope that we shall soon be favoured by MR. STEINMAN'S +return to this subject. + +HORACE WALPOLE, Jun. + +_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Let me give A. C. the testimony of two poets +and a philosopher in support of the "general feeling" about the renewal of +life, which will surely bear down the authority of three writers mentioned +by him. + +Cowper's notion may be gathered from the couplet: + + "So numerous are the follies that annoy + The mind and heart of every sprightly boy." + +Kirke White must have had a similar idea: + + "There are who think that childhood does not share + With age the cup, the bitter cup, of care; + Alas! they know not this unhappy truth, + That every age and rank is born to ruth." + +The next four lines may also be attentively considered. I quote from his +"Childhood," one of his earliest productions by the way--but what +production of his was not early? + +Still more decidedly, however, on the point speaks Cicero (_de Senectute_): + + "Si quis Deus mihi largiatur ut ea hac aetate repuerescam, et in cunis + vagiam, _valde recusem_." + +The following passage is also at A. C.'s service, provided you can find +space for it, and there are "no questions asked" as to its whereabouts: + + "I have heard them say that our childhood's hours are the happiest time + of our earthly race; and they speak with regret of their summer bowers, + and the mirth they knew in the butterfly chase; and they sorrow to + think that those days are past, when their young hearts bounded with + lightsome glee, when, by none of the clouds of care o'ercast, the sun + of their joy shone cheerily. But, oh! they surely forget that the boy + may have grief of his own that strikes deep in his heart; that an angry + frown, or a broken toy, may inflict for a time a cureless smart; and + that little pain is as great to him as a weightier woe to an older + mind. Aye! the harsh reproof, or unfavoured whim, may be sharp as a + pang of a graver kind. Then, how dim-sighted and thoughtless are those, + who would they were frolicsome children and free; they should rather + rejoice to have fled from the woes that hung o'er them once so heavily. + In misfortune's rude shocks the practised art of _the man_ may + perchance disclose relief; but _the child_, in his innocence of heart, + will bow 'neath the stroke of a trifling grief." + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + +_Muscipula_ (Vol. viii., p. 229.--_The Name Lloyd._--Besides the +translation of this poem by Dr. Hoadly, of which a note in Dodsley informs +us that the author, Holdsworth, said it was "exceedingly well done," I have +before me another, printed in London for R. Gosling, 1715, with an engraved +frontispiece, illustrative of the triumphant reception of Taffy's +invention. The depredations of the mouse are illustrated in the various +figures around, as cheeses burrowed through, even the invasion of a +sleeping Welshman's very [Greek: erkos odonton], &c. The title is, _The +Mouse-Trap, a Poem done from the original Latin in Milton's Stile_: + + "Ludus animo debet aliquando dari, + Ad cogitandum melior ut redeat tibi"--_Phaed._ + +Both translations are in blank verse, but that of the latter is very +_blank_ indeed, and possesses little in common with Milton's _style_, +except the absence of rhyme. It thus begins: + + "The British mountaineer, who first uprear'd + A mouse-trap, and engoal'd the little thief, + The deadly wiles and fate inextricable, + Rehearse, my Muse, and, oh! thy presence deign, + Auxiliar Phoebus, mortal foe to mice: + Whence bards in ancient times thee Smintheus term'd," &c. + +Muscipula must have made some sensation to have been translated by two +different persons. _Welsh rabbits_, and their supposed general fondness for +_cheese_, have furnished many a joke at the expense of the inhabitants of +the principality. Among others the following quiz may not be out of place +on the famous Cambro-Britannic name of Lloyd: + + "Two gibbets dejected, LL + A cheese in full view, O + A toaster erected Y + And a cheese cut in two, D." + + Ballard MSS. in the Bodleian, vol. xxix. p. 80. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Berefellarii_ (Vol. viii., p. 420.).--M. PHILARETE CHASLES has +misrepresented JOHN JEBB'S Query and conjecture about _berefellarii_ (Vol. +vii., p. 207.). He never spoke of these officers as "_half ecclesiastics_ +(!), dirty, shabby, ill-washed attendants." They were priests of an +inferior grade, answering to the minor canons of cathedrals, and superior +to the vicars choral, who were also called _personae_ and _rectores chori_. +He has far too great a respect for collegiate foundations to use such +opprobrious terms when speaking of any class of ministers of divine +service. The only conjecture J. JEBB made was, that the word might possibly +have been a corruption (arising from incorrect writing) of _beneficiarii_, +which is continually used abroad for the inferior clergy of collegiate +churches, though not common in {551} England. It is just _possible_, though +not very probable, that this somewhat foreign word was misread, and gave +rise to a blundering corruption conveying ludicrous ideas, the "turpe +nomen" alluded to by the Archbishop of York tempore Ric. II. The +conjectural derivation of the word from Anglo-Saxon words was not my own, +but that of a subsequent correspondent. It is just one of those conjectures +which, like that of "Mazarinaeus," may be quite as likely to be false as +true. I could suggest twenty that would be quite as likely; such as +_bier-followers_ (attenders on funerals, as did the clerks and inferior +clergy in cathedrals), or _bury fellows_ (query, burying fellows), or _beer +fellows_ (like the _beerers_ in Dean Aldrich's famous catch), or _belly +fillers_, &c., or lastly, some corruption of _Beverly_ itself. +_Barefellows_ is as likely as any. Still I cannot think that these +functionaries were low or contemptible. Their position corresponded to a +very honourable status in cathedral churches. + +JOHN JEBB. + +_Harmony of the Four Gospels_ (Vol. viii., pp. 316. 415.)--I am greatly +obliged to MR. HARDWICK, MR. BUCKTON, and J. M. for their valuable and +satisfactory replies to my Query. To the list of those Harmonies published +since the Reformation, may be added that of John Hind, 1632, under the +title of + + "The Storie of Stories, or the Life of Christ, according to the foure + holy Evangelists: with a harmonie of them, and a table of their + chapters and verses, collected by Johan Hind. London, printed by Miles + Flesher, 1632." + +It is dedicated to the "Lady Anne Twisden," with whom, and her son the +learned Sir Roger Twisden, this John Hind, "a German gentleman of +Mecklenburgh, a most religious honest knowing man, lived above thirty +years," &c. + +Surely Doddridge's _Family Expositor_ should be added to the list. + +Z. 1. + +_Picts' Houses and Argils_ (Vol. viii., p. 264.).--Malte-Brun, in his +_Universal Geography_, English translation, vol. vi. p. 387., has a passage +in his description of Russia which applies to this matter. The steppes of +Nogay lie immediately to the north of the peninsula of the Crimea, both +being included in the Russian government of Taurida, and both countries +were formerly inhabited by the Cimbri or Cimmerians. Malte-Brun says: + + "The colonists are in many places ill provided with timber for + building; they live under the ground, and the hillocks, which are so + common in the country, and which served in ancient times for graves or + monuments of the dead, are now converted into houses, the vaults are + changed into roofs, and beneath them are subterranean excavations. + Kurgan is the Tartar name for these tumuli; they are scattered + throughout New Russia; they were raised at different times by the + different people who ruled over that region. The Kurgans are not all of + the same kind; some are not unlike the rude works of the early + Hungarians, others are formed of large and thin stones, like the + Scandinavian tombs. It is to be regretted that the different articles + contained in them have been only of late years examined with care." + +This does not establish the identity of the Argil and Kurgan, but I think +it shows more particular information is likely to be met with on the +subject. M. Malte-Brun, vol. vi. p. 152., in his description of Turkey, +mentions a curious town on the hills of the Strandschea, a little to the +west of Constantinople. It is called Indchiguis, and is inhabited by +Troglodytes; its numerous dwellings are cut in solid rocks, stories are +formed in the same manner, and many apartments that communicate with each +other. + +W. H. F. + +_Boswell's "Johnson"_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).-- + + "Crescit, occulto velut arbor aevo, + Fama Marcelli: micat inter omnes + Julium sidus, velut inter ignes + Luna minores."--Hor. _Carm._ I. xii. 45-48. + +F. C. has overlooked the _point_ of Boswell's remark, viz. that Johnson had +been "inattentive to metre." + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + +_Pronunciation of "Humble"_ (Vol. viii., p. 393.).--I venture once more to +trespass on your pages, in the hope of helping to settle the right +pronunciation of _humble_. In the controversy respecting it, the derivation +of the word should not be overlooked, as it is a most important point; for +I consider that the improper use of the _h_ has arisen from people not +knowing from whence the word was taken. Now, as I am of opinion that it +will go far to prove that the _h_ should be silent in _humble_, by giving a +list of the radical words in the English language in which that letter is +silent, and their derivations, I beg to do so: premising that they are +derived from the Celtic language, in which the _h_ is not used in the same +manner that it is in other languages: + +_Heir_, from _oigeir_, i. e. the young man who succeeds to a property: the +word is pronounced _air_. + +_Honest_, from _oinnicteac_, i. e. just, liberal, generous, kind. + +_Honour_, from _onoir_, i. e. praise, respect, worship. + +_Hour_, from _uair_, pronounced _voir_, i. e. time present, a period of +time, any time. + +_Humble_, from _umal_, i. e. lowly, obedient, submissive. + +_Humour._ The derivation of this word is obscure, but in the sense of +_mirth_ it may be derived from _uaim-mir_, i. e. loud mirth, gaiety. + +The compounds formed from these words have the _h_ silent; and every other +word beginning with {552} that letter should have it fully sounded. Such +being my practice, I cannot be accused of cultivating the _Heapian +dialect_, which I hold to be equally abominable with the improper use of +the letter _h_. + +FRAS. CROSSLEY. + +May not the following be the true solution of the question? All _existing_ +humility is either pride or hypocrisy; pride aspirates the _h_, hypocrisy +suppresses it. I always aspirate. + +M. + +_Continuation of Robertson_ (Vol. viii., p. 515.).--The supplementary +volume proposed by MR. TURNBULL, which is wanted extremely, was never +published, owing to the fact that eighty subscribers could not be found to +indemnify him for the expense of printing. + +G. + +_Nostradamus_ (Vol. vii., p. 174.).--My edition of _Nostradamus_, 1605 +(described in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 140.), has the quotation in question; +but the first line has "le sang du juste," not "le sang du jusse." + +The ed. of 1605 is undoubtedly genuine. Besides the twelve centuries of +prophecies, it contains 141 "Presages tirez de ceux faits par M. +Nostradamus," and fifty-eight "Predictions admirables pour les ans courans +en ce Siecle, recueillies des memoires de feu M. Nostradamus," with a +dedication to Henry IV. of France, "par Vincent Seve, de Beaucaire, 19 +Mars, 1605." + +R. J. R. + +_Quantity of Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 386.).--ANTI-BARBARUS need not say we +always pronounce Candace long, for I have never heard it otherwise than +short. Labbe says it should be short, and classes it with short +terminations in _[)a]cus_; but I am not aware that there is any poetical +authority for it. _Canace_ and _canache_ are both short in Ovid; all which +may have helped to the inference for _Cand[)a]ce_. Facciolati has an +adjective _cand[)a]cus_, to which I refer your correspondent. + +W. HAZEL. + +_"Man proposes, but God disposes"_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This saying is +older than the age of Thomas a Kempis, who was born about A.D. 1380. It +probably originated in two passages of Holy Scripture, on one or both of +which it may have been an ancient comment: + + "Hominis est animam praeparare, et Domini gubernare linguam." "Cor + hominis disponit viam suam, sed Domini est dirigere gressus + ejus."--Proverbs xvi. 1. 10. + +The sentiment in both is the same, and their pith is given in a still more +brief and condensed form in our own proverb. It is remarkable that while +Dr. A. Clarke, in his notes on Proverbs xvi., has quoted it without +reference to its authorship in the edition of Stanhope's version of _De +Imitatione Christi_, which I happen to have, it is not to be found; but its +place (according to your correspondent's reference) is occupied by the _two +texts_ above quoted. The work referred to is asserted by some to have been +only translated or transcribed by a Kempis, and written by John Gerson, +Chancellor of the University of Paris, a great theologian, who died in +1429. Be that as it may, I can assure your correspondent A. B. C. that the +saying in question _did not_ originate with the author of that work. In +Piers Ploughman's _Vision_, written A.D. 1362, it is thus introduced: + + "And _Spiritus justitiae_ + Shall juggen, wol he nele he (_will he nil he!_) + After the kynges counseil, + And the comune like. + And _Spiritus prudentiae_, + In many a point shall faille, + Of that he weneth will falle, + If his wit ne weere. + Wenynge is no wysdom, + Ne wys ymaginacion. + _Homo proponit, et Deus disponit_, + And governeth alle good vertues." + Vol. ii. p. 427., ll. 13984-95. Ed. London: W. Pickering, 1842. + +In the same way the author frequently introduces Latin texts from the +Bible, and other books of authority and devotion. In the notes the editor +generally refers to the place from whence the quotation is taken; but as +there is no reference in connexion with the present passage, I infer that +he was not aware of its source. + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +_Polarised Light_ (Vol. viii., p. 409.).--I am unable to furnish H. C. K. +with knowledge from the fountain-head touching this phenomenon. On +referring, however, to a little work, much valued in my boyish days, I find +it thus mentioned: + + "The blue light of the sky is completely polarised at an angle of + seventy-four degrees from the sun, in a plane passing through the sun's + centre."--P. 219. _Newtonian Philosophy_, by Tom Telescope: Tegg, Lond. + 1838. + +Surely the Herschels mention this. + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The attempt to establish a _Surrey Archaeological Society_ has at length +proved successful. Upwards of one hundred and seventy Members have already +joined the Society. The Duke of Norfolk has accepted its Presidency, and +the Earl of Ellesmere, the Bishop of Winchester, and Lord Viscount Downe, +are among the number of its Vice-Presidents. The Society has good work +before it, and we trust will set about it in a way to {553} secure the +success which we wish it. The Honorary Secretary and Treasurer is George +Bish Webb, Esq., of 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill; from whom +gentlemen desirous of enrolling themselves as Members may obtain copies of +the Prospectus, Rules, &c. of the Society. + +The mention of one county Society seems to call attention to another, +namely, the _Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society_, the +volume of whose Proceedings for 1852 is now before us, and affords +satisfactory proof that the zeal and energy of its members, of which it +numbers nearly five hundred, are by no means diminished. The papers and the +illustrations of the volume are highly creditable to all concerned. + +The want of a collection of the early antiquities of this country has long +been the greatest reproach which foreigners have been able to make against +the British Museum. An opportunity of removing this has lately presented +itself by an offer to the trustees of the well-known and probably unique +collection, _The Faussett Museum_. Strange to say, that offer was declined: +but, as a communication from the Society of Antiquaries strongly urging the +propriety of a reconsideration of this decision--so that an opportunity +which may never recur may not be lost--has been addressed to the trustees, +we still hope that _the Faussett Museum_ will yet fill the empty cases at +Great Russell Street, and form, as it is well calculated to do, the nucleus +of a national collection of our own national antiquities. We understand Mr. +Wylie has most liberally offered to present his valuable Fairford +Collections to the Museum, if the Faussett Collection is secured for it. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Life and Works of William Cowper_, by Robert Southey, +Vol. I. This, the first volume of a new edition, which will be comprised in +eight instead of fifteen volumes--cost twenty-eight instead of seventy-five +shillings, and yet contain additional plates and matter,--is the new issue +of Bohn's _Standard Library_.--_The Laws of Artistic Copyright and their +Defects_, by D. R. Blaine, Esq. A little volume well calculated to instruct +artists, sculptors, engravers, printsellers, &c., so that they may clearly +understand their rights, their remedies for the infringement of those +rights, and the proper mode of transferring their property.--_The Attic +Philosopher in Paris, being the Journal of a Happy Man_, forms No. LI. of +Longman's _Traveller's Library_, and is a fit companion to the _Confessions +of a Working Man_, by the same author, Emile Souvestre, published in the +same series a few months since.--_Apuleius: Metamorphoses, or Golden Ass, +and other Works._ A new translation, to which are added a metrical version +of Cupid and Psyche, and Mrs. Tighe's Psyche, is the new volume of Bohn's +_Classical Library_.--_Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, &c._, +by Richard Sims. After the notice of this useful little volume taken by MR. +BOLTON CORNEY in our last Number, we may content ourselves with expressing +our hope that the trustees, whose desire it must be to facilitate in every +way the use of the Museum library, will avail themselves of the earliest +opportunity of marking their approval of this able attempt on the part of +one of their officers--a junior though he be--to promote so important an +object. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES, and the Continuation. + +THE HIVE. 3 Vols. London, 1724. + +THE FRIENDS. 2 Vols. London, 1773. + +LONDON MAGAZINE. 1732 to 1779. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +JOSEPH MEDE'S WORKS. + +JONES'S (of Nayland) SERMONS, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +PLAIN SERMONS. 10 Vols. 8vo. + +DEATH-BED SCENES. Best Edition. + +ROSE'S (H. J.) SERMONS. + +WILBERFORCE'S LIFE. 5 Vols. + + Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath. + + * * * * * + +HUTCHINS'S DORSETSHIRE. Last Edition. + + Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole. + + * * * * * + +CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Folio. Oxford, 1703. Vol. I. + + Wanted by _Rev. John James Avington_, Hungerford. + + * * * * * + +RECOLLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE III., by John +Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, 1820. + + Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge. + + * * * * * + +AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN +(with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804. + +A [First] LETTER TO THE REV. DR. PUSEY, in reference to his Letter to the +Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840. + + Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin. + + * * * * * + +DILLWIN'S BRITISH CONIFERAE. 4to. 115 Coloured Plates. London, 1809. + +(SCIOPPIUS) SCALIGER HYPOBOLYMAEUS, h. e. Elenchus Epistolae Josephi Burdonis +Pseudo-Scaligeri de Vetustate et Splendore Gestis Scaligeri. 4to. Mainz, +1607. + + Wanted by _Williams and Norgate_, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +AESTIMATOR _is informed that a new edition of Sir R. Philips's_ Million of +Facts _has just been published_. + +N. E. H. _will find a full history of Cocker's_ Arithmetic _in De Morgan's_ +Books of Arithmetic. + +C. E. C. (Reading). _The volume in question is Lyte's Translation of +Dodoens'_ Historie of Plantes. + +T. C. B. _Defoe's_ De Jure Divino _was first published in folio, 1706_. +_See Wilson's_ Life, vol. ii. p. 465. _et seq._ + +X. Y. Z. _Is our Correspondent sure that a clergyman on being inducted is +locked up in the church and obliged to toll the bell himself?_ + +P. M. HART _will find the line_, + + "Men are but children of a larger growth," + +_in Dryden's_ All for Love. + +S. S. (Andover). _We do not believe that Mr. Brayley ever published any +more than the first volume of his_ Graphic and Historical Illustrator. + +C. H. (Cambridge) _is referred to_ "N. & Q.," Vol. i., pp. 211. 236. 325. +357. 418., _for the history of the proverbial saying_, "God tempers the +wind to the shorn lamb." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a +Half_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ + + * * * * * + + +{554} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. 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A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, &c. +Devoted to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social Elevation of the +Great Body of the People. + + CONTENTS: + + A Story that has Truth in it.--Chapter II. + The Strength and the Weakness of Numbers. + The Chinese Revolution. + The Church--What is it? + "Sitting under Mr. ----." + Northern Worthies.--No. I. Gilpin. + Intelligence. + Poetry. + Enigma. + Reviews. + Miscellaneous. + Correspondence. + +GEORGE BELL. 186 Fleet Street, London: and all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +{556} + +PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS, + +SOLD BY + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, + +36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and the +series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity and +curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number. 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PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH: a Play +attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies. Eighty +Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + + *** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21l. A reduction made in + favour of permanent libraries on application, it being obvious that the + works cannot thence return into the market to the detriment of original + subscribers. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street. in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December +3, 1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 541, "Les Lettres Juives.": 'Juices' in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 214, +December 3, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 27011.txt or 27011.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/0/1/27011/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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