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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27011]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{533}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 214.]
+SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+
+    Peter Brett                                                533
+    Richard's "Guide through France," by Weld Taylor           534
+    Women and Tortoises                                        534
+    Weather Rules, by W. Winthrop                              535
+    Occasional Forms of Prayer, by Rev. Thomas Lathbury        535
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Chair Moving--Epitaph on Politian
+      in the Church of the Annunciation at Florence--
+      Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon--The
+      early Delights of Philadelphia--Misapplication of
+      Terms--"Plantin" Bibles in 1600--Ancient Gold
+      Collar found in Staffordshire                            537
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    Pictures in Hampton Court Palace                           538
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Helmets--The Nursrow--City
+      Bellmen--Pope's Elegy on An Unfortunate Lady--
+      "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind"--Passage
+      in the "Christian Year"--David's Mother--Emblems
+      --"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira"
+      --"Quid facies," &c.--Will of Peter the Great--
+      H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare--MS. by Rubens on
+      Painting--Peter Allan--Haschisch or Indian Hemp
+      --Crieff Compensation--Admission to Lincoln's Inn,
+      the Temple, and Gray's Inn--Orders for the Household
+      of Lord Montagu                                          538
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Cateaton Street--
+      Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-Frame--
+      Cocker's Arithmetic--Lyke Porch or Litch Porch--
+      Henry Burton--British Mathematicians--"Les
+      Lettres Juives"                                          540
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Attainment of Majority                                     541
+    Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton                     543
+    Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                               544
+    Anticipatory Use of the Cross, by J. W. Thomas and
+      Eden Warwick                                             545
+    Decorative Pavement Tiles from Caen, by Albert Way
+      and Gilbert J. French                                    547
+    Mottos of the Emperors of Germany                          548
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Simplicity of Calotype
+      Process--Albumized Paper--New Developing
+      Mixture--Queries on the Albumenized Process              548
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Poems in connexion
+      with Waterloo--Richard Oswald--Grammont's
+      Marriage--Life--Muscipula--Berefellarii--Harmony
+      of the Four Gospels--Picts' Houses and Argils
+      --Boswell's "Johnson"--Pronunciation of "Humble"
+      --Continuation of Robertson--Nostradamus--
+      Quantity of Words--"Man proposes, but God disposes"
+      --Polarised Light                                        549
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Notes on Books, &c.                                        552
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               553
+    Notices to Correspondents                                  553
+    Advertisements                                             554
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+PETER BRETT.
+
+Your correspondent T. K. seems to think that Scotchmen, and Scotch
+subjects, have an undue prominence in "N. & Q.:" let me therefore introduce
+to your readers a neglected _Irishman_, in the person of Peter Brett, the
+"parish clerk and schoolmaster of Castle-Knock." This worthy seems to have
+been a great author, and the literary oracle of the district over which he
+presided, and exercised the above-named important functions. His _magnum
+opus_ appears to have been his _Miscellany_; a farrago of prose and verse,
+which, to distinguish it from the herd of books bearing that title, is
+yclept, _par excellence_, Brett's _Miscellany_. When Mr. Brett commenced to
+enlighten the world, and when his candle was snuffed out, I know not. My
+volume of the above work purports to be the fifth:
+
+    "Containing above a hundred useful and entertaining Particulars,
+    Divine, Moral, and Historical; chiefly designed for the Improvement of
+    Youth, and those who have not the Opportunity of reading large Volumes.
+    Interspersed with several Entertaining Things never before printed.
+    Dublin, 1762."
+
+The parish clerk's _bill of fares_ is of the most seductive kind. Under all
+the above heads he has something spicy to say, either in prose or verse;
+but the marrow of the book lies in the Preface. To say that a man, holding
+the important offices of parish clerk and schoolmaster, could be charged
+with conceit, would be somewhat rash; if, therefore, in remarking upon the
+rare instance of a parish clerk becoming an author, he lets out that
+"whatever cavillers may say about his performance, they must admit his
+extensive reading, and the great labour and application the concoction of
+these books has cost him," he is but indulging in a feeling natural to a
+man of genius, and a pardonable ebullition of the _amour propre_. Mr. Brett
+seems to have been twitted with the charge of taking up authorship as a
+commercial spec; he sullenly admits that his book-making leaves him
+something, but nothing like a recompense, and draws an invidious comparison
+between one Counsellor Harris and himself; the {534} former having received
+200l. per annum for collecting materials for the _Life of King William
+III._, while he, the schoolmaster of Castle-Knock, scarcely gets salt to
+his porridge for his _Collections and Observations for perpetuating the
+Honour and Glory of the King of Kings_.
+
+Peter farther boasts that these his volumes
+
+    "Contain the juice and marrow of many excellent and learned authors,
+    but compacted after such an ingenious manner, that the learned would
+    find it a great difficulty to show in what authors they are to be
+    found!"
+
+A plan for which, I think, the learned would award him the _birch_. Mrs.
+Brett is no less a genius than her husband; and she takes advantage of the
+publication of the _Miscellany_, to stick the following little bill upon
+the back of the title:
+
+    "Ann Brett, wife of the said Peter, at the sign of the _Shroud_ in
+    Christ Church Lane, opposite to the Church, makes and sells all Sorts
+    of Shrouds, draws all Sorts of Patterns, does all manner of Pinking,
+    and teaches Young Misses Reading and Writing, Arithmetic, and Plain
+    Work. The Dublin Society," she adds, "was pleased to honour her with a
+    handsome Present for her Curious Performance with the Pen."
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD'S "GUIDE THROUGH FRANCE."
+
+(Translated from the French on the 12th edition. Paris: Audin, 25. Quai des
+Augustins.)
+
+As we are not supposed to be sensible of our own failings, I should much
+wish to know whether any English-French exists equal to some French-English
+I know of, and inclose a specimen. MR. P. CHASLES has played the critic so
+well with the English tongue, that perhaps he can find us a few specimens.
+Without doubt, it will be a wholesome correction to the Malaprop spirit if
+she is shown up a little; and I regret extremely that MR. P. CHASLES was
+not invited to correct the proofs of the _Itin�raire de France_. Here we
+are posting with M. Richard:
+
+    "The courier � franc-�trier cannot use bridle of their own, they must
+    not outrun the postilion who leads them, and the post master if they
+    might arrive at, without their postillion, must not give them horse
+    before this last is come. The supply-horses, according to the number of
+    persons, shall be put to carriages as much as the disposition of the
+    vehicles will admit. For example, three horses shall be put to
+    cabriolets, and till six to the berline, but as it should not be
+    possible, to put a horse en arbal�te (cross-bow) without notable
+    accidents, either to caleches with two horses or to the limonieres;
+    they shall be obliged to pay the charge for supply horse."
+
+Here we are in a steamer, p. 52.:
+
+    "The sea is smooth, the sky pure, the air calm, everything promises a
+    happy navigation, our boat is in a very favourable position in the
+    middle of the Seine, on the right hand the hills of Honfleur, on the
+    left the coast of Ingouville, let us pause a little more on these
+    shores we are going to leave: behold on the east the fortifications of
+    Havre, small seats! clusters of trees! this is the village of l'Eure
+    threatened by the sea of an entire destruction. We must not pass over
+    this green hill so delightful to view, standing on the opposite shore
+    seamen would not forgive my silence, among these high trees stands a
+    chapel dedicated to Notre-Dame-de-Grace. Ingouville is of 4,800
+    inhabitants, among which a great many Englishmen live there as in their
+    own country, having their particular churchyard, physicians, and many
+    occasions of hearing from England, which they can perceive from their
+    pavilions. The traveller can go to Elbeuf by land or water. The lover
+    of the scenes of nature will enjoy very romantical prospects, a new
+    kind of view will strike his sight, a long train of rocks called
+    D'Orival, the most part steep, covered with evergreen trees, which seem
+    shoot out, with difficulty, of their craggings."
+
+He tells us Soissons (p. 102.) "has a college, a pretty theatre, and a
+bishoprick-sec, from the Cradle of Christianity into the Gauls." At
+Coulommi�res (Seine et Marne), "the sciences are not cultivated, but the
+inhabitants know pretty well how to play at nine pins." At Fontaines les
+Cornues, "the inhabitants of Paris with a small expense can procure to
+himself a scenery scarecely to be found in the other quarter of the globe!"
+At Chatillion-sur-Seine, "the streets are neat and well aired." At Arles,
+p. 361., a head of a goddess carved in marble:
+
+    "The way in which the neck and left shoulder are ended, points out that
+    the head is _related_ to a figure in drapery cut in another block."
+
+    "The merchant of Bordeaux is distinguished by his noble easy and
+    pompous manner, he makes himself easily forgiven a sort of boasting,
+    which is the foible of the country."
+
+How the ladies bathe at Mont d'Or, p. 218.:
+
+    "At five in the morning bathing begins. Two hardy Highlanders go and
+    fetch in a kind of deal boxes the fashionable lady, who when in town
+    never quits her bed-down before noon, the annuitant, the rich man, are
+    all brought in the same manner in these boxes. It is one of the most
+    pleasant bathing establishments; it offers a peristyle, a small
+    resting-room, a warming-place for linen, with partitions to prevent its
+    mixture."
+
+The work consists of 446 mortal pages though I am bound to say a portion
+here and there is respectably written.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WOMEN AND TORTOISES.
+
+I had intended sending you a paper on Bishop Taylor's _Similes_, with
+Illustrative Notes on some Passages in his Works; but I soon found that
+your utmost indulgence could not afford me a tithe of {535} the space I
+would require. Instead, therefore, send you an illustration of a single
+simile, as it is short, and not the least curious in the lot:
+
+    "All _vertuous women_, _like tortoises_, carry their house on their
+    heads, and their chappel in their heart, and their danger in their eye,
+    and their souls in their hands, and God in all their actions."--_Life
+    of Christ_, Part I. s. ii. 4.
+
+    "_Phidias made the statue of Venus at Elis with one foot upon the shell
+    of a tortoise_, to signify two great duties of a virtuous woman, which
+    are to keep home and be silent."--_Human Prudence_, by W. De Britaine,
+    12th edit.: Dublin, 1726, 12mo., p. 134.
+
+    "Vertuous women should keep house, and 'twas well performed and ordered
+    by the Greeks:
+
+     '    .    .    .   mulier ne qua in publicum
+      Spectandam se sine arbitro pr�beat viro:'
+
+    Which made Phidias, belike, at Elis paint _Venus treading on a
+    tortoise_: a symbole of women's silence and housekeeping.... I know not
+    what philosopher he was, that would have women come but thrice abroad
+    all their time, to be _baptized_, _married_, _and buried_; but he was
+    too straitlaced."--Burton's _Anat. Mel._, part iii. sec. 3. mem. 4.
+    subs. 2.
+
+    "_Apelles us'd to paint a good housewife upon a snayl_; which intimated
+    that she should be as slow from gadding abroad, and when she went she
+    shold carry her house upon her back: that is, she shold make all sure
+    at home. Now, to a good housewife, her house shold be as the sphere to
+    a star (I do not mean a _wandring_ star), wherin she shold twinckle as
+    a star in its orb."--Howell's _Parly of Beasts_: Lond. 1660, p. 58.
+
+The last passage reminds us of the fine lines of Donne (addressed to _both_
+sexes):
+
+ "Be then thine own home, and in thyself dwell;
+    Inn anywhere;
+  And seeing the _snail_, which everywhere doth roam,
+  Carrying his own home still, still is at home,
+  Follow (for he is easy-paced) this _snail_:
+  Be thine own palace, or the world's thy jail."
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WEATHER RULES.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 373. 522. 599. 627.)
+
+J. A., Jun., being desirous of forming a list of weather rules, I send the
+following, in the hope that they may be acceptable to him, and interesting
+to those of your readers who have never met with the old collection from
+which they are taken.
+
+          _English._
+
+  In April, Dove's-flood is worth a king's good.
+  Winter thunder, a summer's wonder.
+  March dust is worth a king's ransom.
+  A cold May and a windy, makes a fat barn and findy.
+
+          _Spanish._
+
+  April and May, the keys of the year.
+  A cold April, much bread and little wine.
+  A year of snow, a year of plenty.
+  A red morning, wind or rain.
+  The moon with a circle brings water in her beak.
+  Bearded frost, forerunner of snow.
+  Neither give credit to a clear winter nor cloudy spring.
+  Clouds above, water below.
+  When the moon is in the wane do not sow anything.
+  A red sun has water in his eye.
+  Red clouds in the east, rain the next day.
+  An eastern wind carrieth water in his hand.
+  A March sun sticks like a lock of wool.
+  When there is a spring in winter, and a winter in spring, the year is
+      never good.
+  When it rains in August, it rains wine or honey.
+  The circle of the moon never filled a pond, but the circle of the sun
+      wets a shepherd.
+
+          _Italian._
+
+  Like a March sun, which heats but doth not melt.
+  Dearth under water, bread under snow.
+  Young and old must go warm at Martlemas.
+  When the cock drinks in summer, it will rain a little after.
+  As Mars hasteneth all the humours feel it.
+  In August, neither ask for olives, chesnuts, nor acorns.
+  January commits the fault, and May bears the blame.
+  A year of snow, a year of plenty.
+
+          _French._
+
+  When it thunders in March, we may cry Alas!
+  A dry year never beggars the master.
+  An evening red, and a morning grey, makes a pilgrim sing.
+  January or February do fill or empty the granary.
+  A dry March, a snowy February, a moist April, and a dry May, presage a
+      good year.
+  To St. Valentine the spring is a neighbour.
+  At St. Martin's winter is in his way.
+  A cold January, a feverish February, a dusty March, a weeping April, a
+      windy May, presage a good year and gay.
+
+W. WINTHROP.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.
+
+I now send you a list of Occasional Forms of Prayer in my own possession,
+in the hope that the example may be followed by other individuals.
+
+    A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer table twise a Weke, and also an
+    Order of Publique Fast to be used every Wednesday, &c. during this time
+    of Mortalitie, &c. London, 1563.
+
+This was the first published occasional form of the reign of Elizabeth.
+
+{536}
+
+    A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer every Sunday, Wednesday, and
+    Friday throughout the whole Realme: to excite and stirre up all Godly
+    People to pray for the Preservation of those Christians and their
+    Countreys that are now invaded by the Turke in Hungary or elsewhere.
+    Set fourthe by The Reverend Father in God, Matthew, Archbishop of
+    Cantaburie. Imprinted by Richarde Jugge and John Cawood. 4to.
+
+There is no date; but it is ascertained that this form was put forth in the
+year 1566.
+
+    The Order of Prayer and other Exercises upon Wednesdays and Fridays,
+    &c. 4to. Christopher Barker. 1580.
+
+This was put forth in consequence of an earthquake.
+
+    Prayers. 1584.
+
+They consist of "A Prayer for all Kings," &c., "A Prayer for the Queene,"
+&c., and "A Prayer in the Parliament onely." They are appended to _Treasons
+of Pary_, forming part of the volume.
+
+    An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Safety of Her Majesty.
+    1594.
+
+    Certaine Prayers set forth by Authoritie to be used for the Prosperous
+    Successe of her Majesties Forces and Navy. 4to. The Deputies of
+    Christopher Barker, 1597.
+
+    An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving (necessary in these dangerous
+    Times) for the Safety of her Majestie and the Realme. 4to. The Deputies
+    of C. Barker. _No date._
+
+    An Order for Publike Prayers within the Province of Canterbury. No
+    date. By the Queen's Printer.
+
+    Prayers for the Queen's safe Deliverance, London, 1605.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. Nov. 5. London, 1605.
+
+The original edition.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c., Nov. 5. London, 1620.
+
+    Form, &c. for the 5th of August, being the Day of His Highnesse's happy
+    Deliverance from the Earle of Gowry. London, 1623.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast during the Plague. 1625.
+
+The "Prayer for the Parliament" appears for the first time in this form.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. War and Pestilence. 1626.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. War. 1628.
+
+    Forme of Prayer, &c. for averting God's heauy Visitation, &c. 1636.
+
+This is the form which was attacked by Burton and Prynne, and on which a
+charge was raised against Laud.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Plague. 1640
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. War. Oxford, 1643.
+
+This is the form authorised by Charles I. to be used at the commencement of
+the war. It is frequently alluded to by the Parliamentary writers of the
+period. The House of Commons had ordered a monthly fast, and Charles
+commanded that the second Friday in every month should be set apart for the
+same purpose. This form was to be used on such occasions.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Oxford, 1643.
+
+The same as the preceding, but a different edition, one being in
+black-letter, the other in Roman. Both were printed in Oxford, and in the
+same year.
+
+    A Collection of Prayers and Thanksgivings used in His Majesties Chapel
+    and in his Armies, upon occasion of the late Victories against the
+    Rebels. Oxford, 1643.
+
+This was reprinted at York in 1644.
+
+    The Cavaliers' New Common Prayer Booke, unclasp't. Reprinted at London,
+    with some briefe and necessary Obseruations to refute the Lyes and
+    Scandalls that are contained in it. 1644.
+
+This is a reprint of the preceding form, with a scurrilous preface and
+observations. The prayers are given as they stand in the Royal form, but
+with parenthetical sentences of a most abusive character after almost every
+paragraph. Thus, after the clause, "Pity a despised Church," the authors
+add, "You mean the prelates and their hierarchy." After the next clause,
+"and a distracted State," they add, "made so by your wicked party." In one
+of the thanksgivings, after "Glory be to God," we have, "Your mock prayers
+defraud Him of His glory." Then, after the words "We praise thee, we bless
+thee," &c., from the Communion Office, we have, "Softly, lest you want
+breath, and thank the old Common Prayer Book for that."
+
+    Private Forms for these Sad Times. Oxford, 1645.
+
+    A Form of Thanksgiving, to be used the Seventh Day of September,
+    thorowout the Diocese of Lincoln, and in the Jurisdiction of
+    Westminster.
+
+This remarkable form has no date, but it was put forth by Williams, then
+Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of Westminster, in the year 1641. The House of
+Commons had ordered a day of Thanksgiving; but they were greatly offended
+with Williams, on account of this form, and, instead of going to St.
+Margaret's Church as usual, where it was ordered to be read, they attended
+divine service, after their own fashion, in the chapel of Lincoln's Inn.
+
+    A Supply of Prayers for the Ships of this Kingdom that want Ministers
+    to pray with them agreeable to the Directory, &c. London. Published by
+    authority.
+
+A Presbyterian form, and the only one ever published by men who decried all
+forms. It was put forth, as the preface admits, because the sailors clung
+to the Book of Common Prayer.
+
+    Prayers to be used in the Armies. 1648.
+
+    A Form of Prayer used at His Majesties Chapel at the Hague. 1650.
+
+    Prayers for those who mourn, &c. 1659.
+
+    Form of Common Prayer, to be used on the Thirtieth of January, &c.
+    1661.
+
+This form differs materially from that subsequently put forth by
+Convocation, with the revised Prayer Book of 1662. There was also another
+form still earlier, in the year 1661, in which some singular and obnoxious
+petitions relative to Charles I. were found. {537}
+
+    A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, to be used on the 29th of May,
+    1661.
+
+The original edition. It differs from that which was sanctioned by
+Convocation and published in 1662.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. June 12. Fast during a Dearth. 1661.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast during a Sickness. 1661.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast, to implore a Blessing on the Naval Forces. April 5,
+    1665.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving for Victory by Naval Forces. July 4, 1665.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast, on occasion of the Fire of London, 1666.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving for Victories at Sea. 1666.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. 1674.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. 1678.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Dublin, 1678.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Dublin, 1679. To seek Reconciliation with God, and to
+    implore Him that he would infatuate and defeat the Counsels of the
+    Papists our Enemies. By the Lord Lieutenant.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. 1680.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving. 1683. For the discovery of Treason.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving. 1685.
+
+    Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving for 29th May, 1685.
+
+First edition of this reign. It was altered by the authority of the Crown.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. January 30, 1685.
+
+First edition of this reign.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. February 6, 1685.
+
+The accession service of James II.
+
+    A Form or Order of Thanksgiving, to be used, &c. in behalf of the King,
+    the Queen, and the Royal Family, upon occasion of the Queen's being
+    with Child. 1687.
+
+This form was the occasion of much comment at the time.
+
+    A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, &c., for the Birth of the Prince.
+    1688.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1689.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1690.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1694.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1714. Thanksgiving on the Accession of George I.
+
+THOMAS LATHBURY.
+
+Bristol.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Chair Moving._--Recent occurrences made me look back at Glanvill's _Blow
+at Modern Sadducism_, and I observed that in his account of the "D�mon of
+Tedworth," who was supposed to haunt the house of Mr. Mompesson, and who
+was the original of Addison's "drummer," it is stated that on the 5th
+November, 1662, "in the sight and presence of the company, the chairs
+walked about the room," p. 124.
+
+N. B.
+
+_Epitaph on Politian in the Church of the Annunciation at Florence._--
+
+ "Politianus in hoc tumulo jacet Angelus, unum
+  Qui caput, et linguas (res nova) tres habuit."--From _Travels of Sir John
+      Reresby_.
+
+Y. B. N. J.
+
+    [The following translation of this epitaph is given in the _Ency.
+    Britannica_, but it is there stated to be in St. Mark's, Florence:
+
+     "Here lies Politian, who, things strange indeed,
+      Had, when alive, three tongues, and but one head."]
+
+_Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon._--
+
+ "She was--my words are wanting to say what.
+  Think what a woman should be--she was that."
+
+Which provoked the following reply:
+
+ "A woman should be both a wife and mother,
+  But Jenny Jones was neither one nor t'other."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_The early Delights of Philadelphia._--In Gabriel Thomas's _Description of
+the Settlement of Philadelphia_ occurs the following passage:
+
+    "In the said city are several good schools of learning for youth, for
+    the attainment of arts and sciences, also reading and writing. Here is
+    to be had, on any day in the week, cakes, tarts, and pies; we have also
+    several cook-shops, both roasting and boiling, as in the city of
+    London: happy blessings, for which we owe the highest gratitude to our
+    plentiful Provider, the great Creator of heaven and earth."
+
+Is not this a superb jumble?
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+_Misapplication of Terms._--_Legend_ is a thing "to be read" (_legendum_),
+but it is often improperly applied to traditions and _oral_ communications.
+Of this there have been some instances in "N. & Q." One has just turned up,
+Vol. v., p. 196.: "I send you these legends _as I have heard them from the
+lips_ of my nurse, a native of the parish."
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_"Plantin" Bibles in 1600._--While looking over the "Stackhouse Library"
+(see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 327.), I observed on the fly-leaf of an
+Hebrew Bible, 1600 (A. 100 in catalogue), a short MS. memorandum, which I
+think worth preserving. It ran as follows:
+
+                                             _�_ s. d.
+ "Plantin Heb. Bible, interlineing costes    2 10  0
+  Plantin in octavo                          1  0  0
+  Buxtorf's Biblia in two vols.              2 10  0
+  Hebw Bible, 4to. 2 vols.                   2  0  0
+  Inne 16^o 8 vols.                          2  0  0"
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+_Ancient Gold Collar found in Staffordshire._--It may probably interest
+some of your readers to {538} know that a very ancient golden collar was
+lately found in the village of Stanton, Staffordshire, which is about three
+miles north of Ashbourne.
+
+A labourer digging up a field, which had not been ploughed or dug up in the
+memory of man, turned up the collar, which, being curled up at the time,
+sprang up, and the labourer taking it for a snake, struck it out of his way
+with his spade: the next morning it was discovered not to be a snake.
+Unfortunately the blow had broken off a small piece at one end. The collar
+is now in the possession of the person with whom the curate of Stanton
+lodges. The description given to me is, that it is about two feet long, and
+formed of three pieces of gold twined together, and, with the above
+exception, in a very good state of preservation.
+
+I hear that there is a similar collar in the British Museum, that was found
+in Ireland, but none that was found in England; and that the authorities of
+the Museum have been informed of this collar, but have taken no steps to
+obtain possession of it.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+    [Our correspondent is under an erroneous impression as to gold torques
+    not being found in England. Several are figured in the _Arch�ologia_,
+    and we have some reason to believe that the torque now described, and
+    of which we should be glad to receive any farther particulars,
+    resembles one which formed part of the celebrated Polden find described
+    by Mr. Harford in the fourteenth volume of the _Arch�ologia_, and
+    figured at p. 90.; and also that found at Boyton in Suffolk in 1835,
+    and engraved in the _Arch�ologia_, vol. xxvi. p. 471.--ED.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+PICTURES IN HAMPTON COURT PALACE.
+
+There are two or three of these concerning which I should be obliged to any
+reader of your publication who would satisfy my Queries.
+
+No. 119., "The Battle of Forty," by P. Snayers. This seems a kind of
+_combat � outrance_ of knights _arm�s de pied en cap_. Where can I find any
+account or detail of it?
+
+No. 314., "Mary of Lorraine, mother of Mary Queen of Scots." This is a very
+pleasing picture, in good preservation, and as it was not in its present
+position two years ago, I conclude it has recently been added. She was
+ninth child of Claude de Lorraine, first Duc de Guise, born in 1515, and
+married in 1538 to James V. of Scotland, and she died in the forty-fifth
+year of her age, 10th June, 1560. There are the arms of the Guise family in
+the right-hand corner, with a date of 1611. Pray by whom was it painted,
+and where can find any notices respecting it?
+
+No. 166., "George III. reviewing the 10th Light Dragoons, commanded by the
+Prince of Wales." This picture was considered the _chef d'oeuvre_ of Sir
+William Beechey, and was painted in 1798; and it has been supposed the
+likeness of the Duke of York was the best taken of that Prince. Could any
+reader inform me on what day this review took place?[1]
+
+When one sees a picture of Shakspeare, No. 276., and more especially in the
+palace of his cotemporary sovereigns, one is naturally led to inquire into
+its authenticity. I am therefore desirous to obtain some information
+relative to it.
+
+In "N. & Q.," vol. vi., p. 197., you had several correspondents inquiring
+concerning the custom of royalty dining in public: perhaps it may interest
+them to know that there are two very attractive pictures of this ceremony
+in this collection, numbered 293 and 294: the first is of Charles I. and
+Henrietta Maria; the other Frederick V., Count Palatine and King of
+Bohemia, who married Elizabeth, daughter of James I. These two pictures are
+by Van Bassen, of whom, perhaps, some correspondent may be enabled to give
+an account.
+
+[Phi].
+
+Richmond, Surrey.
+
+[Footnote 1: George III. had one or two copies of this picture taken for
+him; and there is a curious circumstance relative to one of these, which
+Lady Chatterton mentions in her _Home Sketches_, published in three vols.
+8vo., 1841: "In one respect the picture (which George III. gave to Lord
+Sidmouth, and which the latter had put up at the stone lodge in Richmond
+New Park) differs from the original at Hampton Court: it is singular enough
+that in this copy the figure of the Prince is omitted, _which was done by
+the King's desire_, and is a striking and rather comical proof of the
+dislike which he felt towards his son. When the Prince became King, he
+dined here, and remarked to Lord Sidmouth that his portrait had been
+omitted, and hinted that it ought to be restored. This, however, was
+evaded, and the copy remains in its original state."--Vol. i. pp. 18, 19.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Helmets._--What is the antiquity of the practice of placing helmets over
+the shields of armorial bearings; and what are the varieties of helmets in
+regard to the rank or degree of persons?
+
+S. N.
+
+_The Nursrow._--What is the origin of the word _Nursrow_, a name applied by
+Plott, in his _History of Staffordshire_, to the shrew mouse, and by the
+common people in Cheshire at the present day to the field-mouse; or rather,
+perhaps, indiscriminately to field and shrew mice?
+
+N. R.
+
+_City Bellmen._--When were city bellmen first established? By whom
+appointed? What were their duties? What and how were they paid? What have
+been their employment and duties down to the present day?
+
+CRITO.
+
+{539}
+
+_Pope's Elegy on an Unfortunate Lady._--In the new editions of Pope's
+_Works_, in course of publication, edited by Mr. Carruthers, Inverness, it
+is conjectured that the poet threw "ideal circumstances" into his most
+pathetic and melodious elegy, and "when he came to publish his letters, put
+wrong initials, as in other instances, to conceal the real names" (Pope's
+_Poet. Works_, Ingram, Cook, and Co., vol. ii. p. 184.). The initials are
+Mrs. W., niece of Lady A. I have always thought that a clue might be
+obtained to the name of this lady, by following up the hints in Pope's
+printed correspondence. Mrs. or Miss W. is mentioned or alluded to by
+Craggs and Pope, in connexion with the characters in the _Rape of the
+Lock_. One suggests the other. Inquiry should be directed to the families
+of Fernor of Tusmore, Lord Petre, and Sir George Brown. But I have heard a
+tradition in a Catholic family in the north of England that the lady was a
+Blount; probably one of the Blounts of Soddington, or of some one of the
+numerous branches of that ancient family.
+
+AN INQUIRER.
+
+_"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."_--In what author may this
+passage be found?
+
+ "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."
+
+E. P. H.
+
+Clapham.
+
+_Passage in the "Christian Year."_--In the beautiful lines on Confirmation
+in this work, the following verse occurs:
+
+ "Steady and pure as stars that beam
+    In middle heaven, all mist above,
+  Seen deepest in the frozen stream:--
+    Such is their high courageous love."
+
+I should be grateful for an explanation of the _third_ line.
+
+A. A. D.
+
+_David's Mother._--I used to think it was impossible to ascertain from the
+Old Testament the name of David's mother. In the _Genealogies recorded in
+the Sacred Scriptures_, by J. S. (usually assumed to stand for John Speed,
+the historian and geographer), the name of the Psalmist's mother is given
+"Nahash." Can this be made out satisfactorily? Will the text 2 Sam. xvii.
+25., as compared with 1 Chron. ii. 15., warrant it?
+
+Y. B. N. J.
+
+_Emblems._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the emblematic
+meanings of the different precious stones, or of any of them? or in what
+work I shall find them described?
+
+N. D.
+
+_"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira."_--In an appeal to the Privy
+Council from Madras, the above unparalleled long word occurs as the
+descriptions of an estate. I believe that its extreme length and
+unpronounceable appearance is without an equal. Can any of your readers
+acquainted with Indian literature translate it? if so, it would greatly
+oblige
+
+F. J. G.
+
+_"Quid facies," &c._--I have lately met with the following curious play on
+words in an old MS. book. Can any of your correspondents give any account
+of it?
+
+ "Quid facies, facies Veneris si veneris ante?
+    Ne pereas, per eas; ne sedeas, sed eas!"
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Will of Peter the Great._--M. Lamartini�re, in a French pamphlet on the
+Eastern question, gives a document in several articles containing advice
+with respect to the policy of his successors on the throne of Russia, in
+which he advises her to make great advances in the direction of
+Constantinople, India, &c., and advocates the partition of Poland. Upon
+what authority does this document rest? and who is M. Lamartini�re?
+
+R. J. ALLEN.
+
+_H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare._--In the preface to _Lectures on English
+Poetry, being the Remains of the late Henry Neele_ (Lond. 1830), mention is
+made of a new edition of Shakspeare's dramatic works, "under the
+superintendence of Mr. Neele as editor, for which his enthusiastic
+reverence for the poet of 'all time' peculiarly fitted him, but which, from
+the want of patronage, terminated after the publication of a very few
+numbers." These very few numbers must have appeared about 1824-1827; yet
+the answer to my repeated inquiries after them in London is always "We
+cannot hear of them." Can any one give me farther information?--From the
+_Navorscher_.
+
+J. M.
+
+_MS. by Rubens on Painting._--May I inquire of M. PHILAR�TE CHASLES whether
+he ever saw or heard of a manuscript said to be written in Latin by Rubens,
+and existing in the _Biblioth�que Nationale_ at Paris? One or two fragments
+have occasionally been quoted: I think one may be found in Sir Joshua
+Reynolds' _Discourses_, and the same is used by Burnet in his work on
+painting; but no authority is given as to the source of the information.[2]
+
+If such a work can be found, it would confer a great boon upon the
+profession of the fine arts, if it were brought to light without delay.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+[Footnote 2: [This may probably be Rubens's MS. Album, of which an account
+is given in Vertue's _Anecdotes of Painting_, vol. ii. pp. 185, 186.--ED.]]
+
+_Peter Allan._--Will some correspondent of "N. & Q." afford information as
+to the exact date and place of birth of the celebrated Peter Allan, whose
+cave at Sunderland is regarded as one of the principal curiosities of the
+north of England? {540} What is known of his general history; and is any
+member of his family now living?
+
+E. C.
+
+_Haschisch or Indian Hemp._--I have been for some time trying to procure
+some of the _Haschisch_, or Indian hemp, about which Dr. Moreau has
+published such an amusing book, _Du Haschisch et de l'Ali�nation Mentale_,
+Par. 1845.--Can any of your readers tell me where I can get any? The
+narcotic effects of the common hemp plant are well known in our country
+districts: where, under its ironical alias _Honesty_, the dried stalk is
+often smoked, but the tropical variety appears to be infinitely more
+powerful in its operation.
+
+V. T. STERNBERG.
+
+_Crieff Compensation._--During the rebellion in 1715, the village of
+Crieff, Perthshire, was burnt by the Highland army, on account of the
+attachment of its inhabitants to the royal cause. It has been stated that,
+some years ago, the descendants of the sufferers received from government a
+sum equivalent to a certain proportion of the loss which had been
+sustained.
+
+Is there any official record in reference to this compensation?
+
+D.
+
+_Admission to Lincoln's Inn, the Temple, and Gray's Inn._--Have there ever
+been published, or do there exist anywhere in MSS., lists of the persons
+who have been from time to time matriculated as students of those inns of
+court?
+
+A publication of them would be of the greatest value to the biographical
+department of literature.
+
+G.
+
+_Orders for the Household of Lord Montagu._--The second Viscount Montagu,
+grandson and heir of Anthony Browne, created Viscount in 1554, ob. 1592,
+compiled a detailed code of regulations for his family, thus entitled:
+
+    "A Booke of Orders and Rules established by me, Anthony, Viscount
+    Mountague, for the better direction and government of my howsholde and
+    family, together with the generall dutyes and charges apperteyninge to
+    myne officers and other servantes. Anno D[=n]i 1595."
+
+Has this curious illustration of ancient domestic manners ever been
+published?
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Cateaton Street._--I am anxious to ascertain the meaning and derivation of
+this word: the London Cateaton Street, I believe, is changed into Gresham
+Street. I have lately learnt that there is a Cateaton Street in Liverpool
+also.
+
+ETYMO.
+
+    [Cateaton Street, or "Catteten Street," says Stow, "is a corruption of
+    Catte Street, which beginneth at the north end of Ironmonger Lane, and
+    runneth to the west end of St. Lawrence Church." In 1845, this street
+    was renamed Gresham Street.]
+
+_Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-frame._--In Hatton's _History of
+London_ (published in 1708), it is stated that a picture (by Balderston) of
+Lee, the inventor of the stocking-frame, hung in the hall of the Framework
+Knitters' Company. The inquirer wishes to ascertain whether the picture is
+yet in existence or not; and, if still in existence, where it can be seen.
+
+M. E.
+
+    [In Cunningham's _Handbook of London_, p. 527., s. v. _Weavers' Hall,
+    Basinghall Street_, is a quotation from the _Quarterly Review_ for
+    January, 1816, in which the picture is spoken of as then existing in
+    the Stocking Weavers' Hall.]
+
+_Cocker's Arithmetic_ (Vol. iv., pp. 102. 149.).--Some correspondence
+appears in "N. & Q." about the first edition of "Old Cocker." I should be
+glad to ascertain the date of the latest edition.
+
+TYRO.
+
+    [The British Museum contains the following editions of Cocker's
+    _Arithmetic_:--the 20th, Lond. 1700; the 37th, perused and published by
+    John Hawkins (with MS. notes), Lond. 1720; 41st, Lond. 1724; 50th,
+    corrected by Geo. Fisher, Lond. 1746. Watt notices one revised by J.
+    Mair, Edinb. 1751. In Professor de Morgan's _Arithmetical Books_, p.
+    56., where a full history of Cocker's book is given, mention is made of
+    an Edinburgh edition, 1765, and a Glasgow edition of 1777.]
+
+_Lyke Porch or Litch Porch._--What is the proper name for the porch found,
+not unfrequently, at the churchyard gate under which the body was, I
+believe, supposed to rest before the funeral? Is it _lyke_ or _litch_? The
+derivation may be different in different parts of England, as they were
+originally Saxon or Danish. _L�g_ Dan., _lyk_ Dutch, and _leiche_ Ger., are
+all different forms of the same word. The first two approach nearer to
+_lyke_, the latter to _litch_.
+
+J. H. L.
+
+    [In most works on ecclesiastical architecture it is called _lich-gate_,
+    from Anglo-Saxon _lich_, a corpse: hence _Lich-field_, the field of
+    dead bodies. In the _Glossary of Architecture_ we read "_Lich-gate_, or
+    corpse-gate, _leichengang_, Germ., from the Ang.-Sax. _lich_, a corpse,
+    and _geat_, a gate; a shed over the entrance of a churchyard, beneath
+    which the bearers sometimes paused when bringing a corpse for
+    interment. The term is also used in some parts of the country for the
+    path by which a corpse is usually conveyed to the church."]
+
+_Henry Burton._--Henry Burton was born in 1579; studied at Oxford, and was
+at one time minister of St. Matthew, Friday Street. In 1636, he drew upon
+himself the vengeance of the Star-Chamber, by two discourses in which he
+severely inveighed against the bishops. For this offence he was fined,
+deprived of his ears, and sentenced to imprisonment for life. He was
+liberated by {541} the parliament in 1640, and died in 1648. What
+theological works did he write?--From the _Navorscher_.
+
+DIONYSIUS.
+
+    [Burton's pen was so prolific, that we cannot find room for a list of
+    his works; and must refer DIONYSIUS to the Bodleian Catalogue, where
+    they fill nearly a column, and to Watt's _Bibliotheca_, s.v.]
+
+_British Mathematicians._--I am anxious to learn if there is any book which
+contains an account of the lives and works of eminent British
+arithmeticians and mathematicians?
+
+EUCLID.
+
+    [Consult the following:--_Biographia Philosophica_: being an Account of
+    the Lives, Writings, and Inventions of the most eminent Philosophers
+    and Mathematicians, by Benjamin Martin: London, 1764, 8vo. There is
+    also a Chronological Table of the most eminent Mathematicians affixed
+    to John Bossut's _General History of Mathematics_, translated from the
+    French by John Bonnycastle: London, 1803, 8vo. Some notices of our
+    early English mathematicians will also be found in the _Companion to
+    the Almanac_ for 1837, and in the _Magazine of Popular Science_, Nos.
+    18. 20. and 22.]
+
+_"Les Lettres Juives."_--Will any of your correspondents inform me who is
+the author of _Lettres Juives_? The first volume of my edition, in eight
+volumes 12mo., has the portrait of Jean Batiste B., Marquis de ----, n� le
+29 Juin, 1704.
+
+J. R.
+
+Sunderland.
+
+    ["Par le Marquis D'Argens," says Barbier.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.)
+
+In replying to Professor DE MORGAN'S last communication on this subject, it
+may be as well, in order to avoid future misunderstanding, to revert
+briefly to my original question. I pointed out Ben Jonson's assertion,
+through a character in one of his plays, that about the beginning of the
+seventeenth century, it was the custom to regard the legal rights of
+majority as commencing with six o'clock A.M., and I asked to have that
+assertion reconciled with our present commencement at midnight, and with
+the statement that the latter is in accordance with the old reckoning.
+
+Thus I started with the production of affirmative evidence, to rebut which
+I cannot find, in the replies of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN, any negative evidence
+stronger than his individual opinion, which, however eminent in other
+respects, has undoubtedly the disadvantage of being two hundred years later
+than the contemporary evidence produced by me. I afterwards cited Arthur
+Hopton as authority that lawyers in England, in his time, did make use of a
+day which he classifies as that of the Babylonians; but inasmuch as he
+apparently restricts its duration to twelve hours, whereas all ancient
+writers concur in assigning to the Babylonians a day of twenty-four hours,
+there is evidently a mistake somewhere, attributable either to Hopton or
+his printers.
+
+This mistake may have arisen either from a misprint, or from a
+transposition of a portion of the sentence.
+
+The supposition of a misprint is favoured by the circumstance that Hopton
+was, at the time, professing to describe natural days of _twenty-four_
+hours; of these there are four great classes of commencement, from the four
+principal quarters of the day; viz. from midnight, from mid-day, from
+sun-setting and from sun-rising. Hopton had already assigned three of them
+to different nations, and the fourth he had properly assigned, so far as
+its commencement at sunrise was concerned, to the Babylonians. What, then,
+can be more probable than that he intended this day also, like the rest, to
+be of twenty-four hours' duration; and that the words "holding till
+sun-setting" ought, perhaps, to have been printed "holding till
+sun-_rising_?"
+
+This way of reconciling seeming anomalies, by the supposition of probable
+misprints, receives great encouragement in the occasional occurrence of
+similar mistakes in the most carefully printed modern books. I lately
+noticed, while reading Sir James Ross's _Southern Voyage of Discovery_, a
+work printed by the Admiralty, and on which extraordinary typographical
+care had been bestowed, the following, at page 121. of vol. ii.:
+
+    "It was full moon on the 15th of September, at 5�38 A.M."
+
+But the context shows that "full moon" ought to have been printed _new
+moon_, and that "5�38 A.M." outlet to be 5�38 P.M.: and what renders these
+two mistakes the more remarkable is, that they have no sort of connexion,
+nor is the occurrence of the one in any way explanatory of the other.
+
+Now, the misprint of "sun-setting" for _sun-rising_, which I am supposing
+in Hopton's book, would be much more likely of occurrence than these,
+because these form part of a series of carefully examined data from which a
+scientific deduction is to be drawn, while Hopton's is a mere loose
+description. And, moreover, a twenty-four hour day, commencing and ending
+with _sunrise_, does not, after all, appear to be so wholly unknown to
+English law as PROF. DE MORGAN supposes, since Sir Edward Coke, to whom the
+professor especially refers, describes such a day in these words:
+
+    "Dies naturalis constat ea 24 horis et continet diem solarem et noctem;
+    and therefore in Inditements for Burglary and the like, we say in nocte
+    ejusdem diei. Iste dies naturalis est spatium in quo sol progreditur ab
+    oriente in occidentem et ab occidente iterum in orientem."
+
+{542}
+
+But there is another way of reconciling the discrepancy--Hopton may not
+have intended the words "holding till sun-setting" to apply to the
+Babylonians, but only to "the lawyers in England," whose day, he says,
+_commenced_ at the same time as the Babylonian day. The transposition of
+the words in question to the end of the sentence would give such a meaning,
+viz. "The Babylonians begin their day at sun-rising, and so do our lawyers
+count it in England, holding till sun-setting." Altered in this way, the
+latter clause does not necessarily apply to the Babylonians.
+
+Here again we have a lawyers' day almost verbally identical with one
+assigned to them by Sir Edward Coke: "Dies artificialis sive solaris
+incipit in ortu solis et desinit in occasu, and of this the law of England
+takes hold _in many cases_."
+
+Nor does Lord Coke strengthen or vary his description in the least, when
+speaking of the day commencing at midnight; he uses again the same
+expression with regard to it, "The Egyptians and Romans from midnight, and
+so doth the law of England _in many cases_."
+
+Hence the authority of Chief Justice Coke, is at best only neutral; for who
+will undertake to prove to which of these classes of "many cases" Lord Coke
+meant to assign the attainment of majority?
+
+In support of Ben Jonson's testimony, it may be urged that the midnight
+initial of the day was itself derived by us from the Romans; and it is
+nearly certain that _they_ did not perform any legal act, connected with
+birthday, until the commencement of the _dies solis_.
+
+A proof of this may be observed in the discussion by Aulus Gellius (_Noct.
+Attic._, iii. 2.) as to which day, the preceding or the following, a
+person's birth, happening in the night, was to be attributed. He quotes a
+fragment from Varro,--
+
+    "Homines qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem his horis XXIV
+    nati sunt, uno die nati dicuntur."
+
+On which Gellius remarks:
+
+    "From these words it may be observed that the arrangement of (birth)
+    days was such, that to any person born after sunset, and before
+    midnight, the day from which that night had proceeded should be the
+    birthday; but to any person born during the last six hours of the
+    night, the day which should succeed that night must be the birthday."
+
+This explanation might seem almost purposely written in reply to some such
+difficulty as occurred to PROFESSOR DE MORGAN (_ant�_, p. 250.), when he
+remarks that, if birthday were to be confined to daylight, "a child not
+born by daylight would have no birthday at all!" But since it was notorious
+amongst the Romans that the civil day began at midnight, such a _qu�ri
+solitum_ as this could never have been mooted, if the birthday observance
+had not been known and acknowledged to have a different commencement. In
+continuation of the same subject, Gellius proceeds to quote another passage
+from Varro, which I shall also repeat, not only as furnishing still farther
+proof that the Romans did not regard the night as forming any part of the
+birthday, but also as affording an opportunity of recording an opinion as
+to the interpretation of Varro's words, which, in this passage, do not
+appear to have ever been properly understood.
+
+After stating that many persons in Umbria reckon from noon to noon as one
+and the same day, Varro remarks:
+
+    "Quod quidem nimis absurdum est; nam qui calendarum hora sexta natus
+    est apud Umbros, dies ejus natalis videri debebit et calendarum
+    dimidiatus, et qui est post calendas dies ante horam ejusdem diei
+    sextam."
+
+Now why should _beginning one's birthday at noon_ appear so absurd to
+Varro? Simply because the hours of the night were not then supposed to be
+included in the birthday at all, and therefore Varro could not _realize_
+the idea of a birthday continued through the night.
+
+He says that, according to the Umbrian reckoning, a person born on any day
+_after_ the point of noon, would have only half a birthday on that day; and
+for the other half, he would have to take the forenoon of the following
+day. Varro had no notion of joining the afternoon of one day to the
+forenoon of another, because he looked upon the unbroken presence of the
+sun as the very essence of a natal day.
+
+Nothing can be plainer than that this was the true nature of the absurdity
+alluded to; but it would not suit the prejudices of the commentators,
+because it would compel them to admit that _sexta hora must have been in
+the afternoon_, in opposition to their favourite dogma that it was always
+in the forenoon.
+
+For if Varro had intended to represent sexta hora in the _forenoon_, he
+would have said that the other half-day must be taken from the _after_noon
+of the _pridie_, instead of saying, as he does say, that it must be taken
+from the _fore_noon of the _postridie_ of the Calends.
+
+Consequently, Varro means by "qui Calendarum hora sexta natus est," a
+person born in the sixth hour of the day of the Calends; the sixth hour
+being that which immediately succeeded noon--the _media hora_ of Ovid. But
+what Varro more immediately means by it is, not any particular point of
+time, but generally any time _after noon_ on the day of the Calends.
+
+That the true position of _sexta hora_, when implying duration, was in the
+afternoon, has long been a conviction of mine; and I have elsewhere
+produced undeniable evidence that it was so {543} considered by ancient
+authors. But this passage from Varro is a new and hitherto unnoticed proof,
+and certainly it ought to be a most convincing one, because it seems
+impossible to give Varro's words a rational meaning without the admission
+of this hypothesis, while with it everything is clear and consistent.
+
+The commentators, driven by the necessity I have just pointed out, either
+to admit the afternoon position of _sexta hora_, or to abstain from reading
+it as a _space_ of time, have attempted to force a meaning by reading
+_sexta hora_ in its other sense, an absolute mathematical point, the
+_punctus ipse_ of noon.
+
+In so doing they have not scrupled to libel Varro's common sense; they
+represent his idea of the absurd to consist in the embarrassment that would
+be caused by the birth occurring at the critical moment of change,--split
+as it were _upon the knife-edge of noon_; so that, in the doubt that would
+arise as to which day it should belong, it must be attributed partly to
+both!
+
+This interpretation is so monstrous, and so evidently wide of the meaning
+of the words, that its serious imputation would scarcely be believed, if it
+were not embalmed in the Delphin edition of Aulus Gellius, where we read
+the following footnote referring to the _argumentum ad absurdum_ of Varro:
+
+    "Infirmum omnino argumentum, et quod perinde potest in ipsum Varronem
+    retorqueri. Quid enim? Si quis apud Romanos Calendis hora vi. noctis
+    fuerit natus, nonne pariter dies ejus natalis videri debebit, et partim
+    Calendarum, et partim ejus dici qui sequetur?"
+
+It is not worth while to inquire what may have been the precise dilemma
+contemplated by the writer of this note, since most certainly it is not a
+reflex of Varro's meaning. The word _dimidiatus_ is completely cushioned,
+although Gellius himself has a chapter upon it a little farther on in the
+same volume.
+
+The anomaly that amused Varro was the necessity of piecing together two
+halves not belonging to the same individual day and with the hiatus of a
+night between them; a necessity that would assuredly appear most absurd to
+one who had no other idea of birthday than the twelve consecutive hours of
+artificial day, which he would call "the natural day."
+
+This proneness of the Romans to look upon the _dies solis_ as the only
+effective part of the twenty-four hours, is again apparent in their
+commencement of horary notation at sunrise, six hours later than the actual
+commencement of the day. And in our own anomalous repetition of twice
+twelve, we may still trace the remains of the twelve-hour day; we have
+changed the initial point, but we have retained the measure of duration.
+
+It is, however, certain that the two methods of reckoning time continued
+for a long time to exist contemporaneously. Hence it became necessary to
+distinguish one from the other _by name_, and thus the notation from
+midnight gave rise, as I have remarked in one of my papers on Chaucer, to
+the English idiomatic phrase "of the clock;" or the reckoning of the clock,
+commencing at midnight, as distinguished from Roman equinoctial hours,
+commencing at six o'clock A.M. This was what Ben Jonson was meaning by
+attainment of majority at _six o'clock_, and not, as PROFESSOR DE MORGAN
+supposes, "probably a certain sunrise." Actual sunrise had certainly
+nothing to do with the technical commencement of the day in Ben Jonson's
+time. For convenience sake, six o'clock had long been taken _as
+conventional sunrise all the year round_; and even amongst the Romans
+themselves, equinoctial hours were frequently used at all seasons. Actual
+sunrise, in after times, had only to do with "hours inequall," which are
+said to have fallen into disuse, in common life, so early as the fifth or
+sixth century.
+
+I trust I may now have shown reasonable grounds for the belief that Ben
+Jonson may, after all, have had better authority than his license as a
+dramatic poet, for dating the attainment of majority at six o'clock A.M.;
+and that nothing short of contemporary evidence directly contradictory of
+the custom so circumstantially alluded to by him, ought to be held
+sufficient to throw discredit upon it. It is one of the singular
+coincidences attending the discussion of this matter by Gellius, that, at
+the conclusion of the chapter I have been expatiating upon, he should cite
+the authority of Virgil; observing that the testimony of _poets_ is very
+valuable upon such subjects, even when veiled in the obscurity of poetic
+imagery.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.
+
+(Vol. viii., p 429.)
+
+Your Correspondent PROF. DE MORGAN has so ingeniously analysed the facts,
+which he already possesses, bearing on the connexion of Sir Isaac Newton's
+niece with Lord Halifax, and her designation in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, that I am tempted to furnish him with some additional
+evidence. This question of Mrs. Catherine Barton's widowhood has often been
+canvassed by that portion of her relatives who do not possess the custody
+of Sir Isaac Newton's private letters.
+
+The Montagues had a residence in the village of Bregstock in
+Northamptonshire, where the Bartons lived. The Bartons were a family of
+good descent, and had long been lessees of the crown with the Montagues for
+lands near Braystock.
+
+There were several Colonel Bartons, whose respective ages and relationship
+can best be {544} exhibited by a short pedigree. Thomas Barton had two
+sons, Thomas and Robert.
+
+Robert (born in 1630, and who died in 1693) married Hannah Smith, Newton's
+half-sister, by whom he had Hannah (born 1678), Catherine (born 1679, died
+1739), Colonel Robert (born 1684).
+
+Thomas (born in 1619, died in 1704) married Alice Palmer, by whom he had
+Thomas, who married Mary Dale, by whom he had Thomas (d. s. p.), Colonel
+Matthew (born 1672), Colonel Noel (born 1674, died 1714). Thomas had a
+second son, Geoffrey, who married Elizabeth ----, by whom he had Charles
+(born 1700), Cutts (born 1706), Catherine (born 1709), Montague (born
+1717), and others.
+
+In a family paper written by a granddaughter of Colonel Noel Barton, at her
+mother's dictation, it is stated that Colonel Matthew married a relative of
+Sir Isaac Newton, and was Comptroller of the Mint; but this paper is not
+very correct in its other statements.
+
+On the other hand, a connexion of the family who signs himself H. in an old
+number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, says of Newton:
+
+    "He had a half-sister, who had a daughter, to whom he gave the best of
+    educations, the famous witty Miss Barton, who married Mr. Conduit of
+    the Mint."
+
+Mr. Conduit writes, that his wife lived twenty years before and after her
+marriage with Sir Issac.
+
+I had always thought that Catherine Barton's brother Robert had died too
+early to attain the rank of Colonel. In the British Museum, in the
+Register, there is an account of a sermon preached at the funeral of Robert
+Barton in the year 1703. I could not find the sermon.
+
+The famous Duchess of Marlborough thus satirises Mouse Montague:
+
+    "He was a frightful figure, and yet pretended to be a lover; and
+    followed several beauties, who laughed at him for it."
+
+It is worth mentioning that Colonel Noel Barton died in London in 1714,
+while in attendance on his patron Lord Gainsborough, soon after he had been
+appointed Governor of the Leeward Islands. This was the year before Lord
+Halifax's _Life_ was written, and possibly might have been the cause of the
+designation "Widow" being applied to Catherine Barton by mistake. Whatever
+the connexion of this lady with Lord Halifax may have been, it does not
+seem to have given any offence to her relatives. You will observe that
+Geoffrey Barton names his sons Charles and Montague, and his daughter
+Catherine. Charles afterwards received the rectory of St. Andrew's Holborn
+from the family of Montague; and Cutts was Dean of Bristol under Bishop
+Montague. And Montague obtained preferment from Mr. Conduit. Neither the
+family of Montague, nor that of Barton, seem to have thought the connexion
+discreditable. Moreover, the births of these children of Geoffrey Barton, a
+clergyman, occurred at the very period when the name of Catherine should
+have been most distasteful, had the intimacy been dishonourable.
+
+Mr. Conduit died in the year 1738, and Mrs. Conduit in the year 1739; and
+Catherine Conduit did not become Lady Lymington till 1740. Probably both
+Mr. and Mrs. Conduit made wills. Have they been examined at Doctors'
+Commons?
+
+J. W. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471.)
+
+It is pleasing to find so much interest excited among the readers of "N. &
+Q." relative to the parentage of this lady; and we may fairly hope that the
+spirit of research which has thus been awakened, will not die away until
+the last spark of error and mystery has been extinguished.
+
+T. L. P. has favoured us with quotations from a little pamphlet, entitled
+_Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_. Now,
+after giving this work a most careful perusal, I cannot but think that the
+title of the book is, in this instance at least, a misnomer. The authoress,
+for it was written by a lady long resident in the vicinity, has evidently
+wrought upon the foundations of others; and taking the veteran Ormerod as a
+sufficient authority, has given full vent to her imagination, and pictured,
+with "no 'prentice hand," the welcome visits of Milton to Stoke Hall, a
+place which, in all probability, was never once honoured with the presence
+of this great man. There is no evidence whatever adduced to give even the
+semblance of colour to this unfortunate error; whereas, on the side of the
+Wistaston family, the proofs of its identity as the family of Mrs. Milton
+are numerous and, to my notion, incontrovertible.
+
+As if, indeed, to give us "confirmation sure" of the truth of this
+position, our old friend CRANMORE starts up, "like a spirit from the vasty
+deep," and, after an absence of many months from our ranks, pays off his
+ancient score by producing the evidence he so long ago promised us. From it
+we gather that Thomas Paget, the father, named his _cousin_ Minshull,
+apothecary in Manchester, overseer of his will; and that his son, Nathan
+Paget, eighteen years afterwards, names in his will John Goldsmith and
+Elizabeth Milton as _his cousins_, and makes bequests to them accordingly.
+Now, it so happens that Thomas, son of Richard Minshull of Wistaston, was
+an _apothecary_, and that he settled in _Manchester_, and thereupon founded
+the family of Minshull of Manchester. This {545} gentleman was doubtless
+the _cousin_ referred to in the will of the elder Paget. It farther
+happens, that Thomas Minshull, the grandfather of this Manchester
+apothecary, married a daughter of Goldsmith of Nantwich. The John Goldsmith
+of the Middle Temple would then doubtless be the nephew or grand-nephew of
+this lady, and in either case a _cousin_ of Thomas Minshull of Manchester,
+and of Elizabeth Minshull of Wistaston. This is another, if not a
+completing link in the genealogical chain, and convinces me, now more than
+ever, of the correctness of my conclusions.
+
+I may add that the whole of the deeds referred to by MR. SINGER are now in
+the safe and worthy keeping of Mr. J. Fitchett Marsh of Warrington; and
+that they are published _in extenso_, together with a valuable essay on
+their historical importance by their present possessor, in the first volume
+of _Miscellanies_ issued by the Chetham Society.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANTICIPATORY USE OF THE CROSS.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 132. 417.)
+
+I am not sure that any of your correspondents have noticed the resemblance
+between the letter T t, especially in some of its ancient forms, and the
+form of the cross. In the Greek, Etruscan, and Samaritan forms of this
+letter, we have representations of the three principal forms which the
+cross has assumed: [Tau cross], +, �. It is also remarkable that in Ezekiel
+ix. 4. 6.: "Set a mark on the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry,"
+&c., the word rendered "mark" is [Hebrew: T\dagesh\W] (_Tau_), the name of
+the Hebrew letter answering to the above: and as the Samaritan alphabet,
+which the present Hebrew characters have superseded, was then in use, it is
+highly probable that the "mark" referred to in Ezekiel's vision was the
+Samaritan _Tau_, as seen on ancient Hebrew shekels, resembling a St.
+Andrew's cross.
+
+A circumstance relating to the Paschal sacrifice mentioned by Justin
+Martyr, in his conference with Trypho the Jew, and which he asserts without
+contradiction from his learned opponent, is worthy of a note:
+
+    "This lamb, which was to be roasted whole, was a symbol of the
+    punishment of the cross, which was inflicted on Christ, [Greek: To gar
+    opt�menon probaton, k.t.l.] For the lamb which was roasted was so
+    placed as to resemble the figure of a cross; with one spit it was
+    pierced longitudinally, from the tail to the head; with another it was
+    transfixed through the shoulders, so that the forelegs became
+    extended."--Vid. Just. Martyri _Opera_, edit. Oberther, vol. ii. p.
+    106.
+
+Your correspondent H. N. appears to have fallen into several errors, which
+(having appeared in "N. & Q.") ought not to pass unnoticed.
+
+1. He confounds the basilica with the cruciform cathedral, and with "the
+plan of the Roman forum."
+
+Basilica (from Gr. [Greek: Basilik�], a royal dwelling) was the name given
+by the Romans to those public edifices in which justice was administered
+and mercantile business transacted. Several of these buildings, or the
+remains of them, still exist in Rome, each forum probably having had its
+basilica. Vitruvius, who constructed one at Fanum, says it ought to be
+built "on the warm side of the forum, that those whose affairs call them
+thither might confer without being incommoded by the weather." Yet H. N.
+says: "The basilica seems to have originally been the architectural plan of
+the Roman forum." The most perfect specimen of the antique basilica is that
+discovered at Pompeii, on the south side of the form and at right angles
+with it. By consulting a good plan of Pompeii, or glancing at a plan of its
+basilica, any one may see that it was not cruciform, but "in the form of a
+long parallelogram," with a central space and side porticoes, answering to
+the nave and aisles of a church. The early Christians adopted the basilica
+form for their churches: those built in the form of a Greek or Latin cross
+are of much later date. Yet H. N.'s learned friend exclaims, when viewing
+the temple of Muttra, "Here is the cross! the basilica carried out with
+more correctness of order and symmetry than in Italy!"
+
+2. H. N. assumes that the Jews practised crucifixion as a punishment, and
+"may have imitated the Assyrians, as crucifixion may have been adopted long
+before that of Christ and the two thieves (Qy. robbers)." Crucifixion
+appears to have been in use from a very remote period, but was never
+adopted by the Jews. The Romans, who with all their greatness were an
+atrociously cruel people, employed it as the peculiar and appropriate
+punishment of delinquent slaves. Christ was "crucified under Pontius
+Pilate," the Roman Procurator of Judea, at a time when that country had
+become subject to the Romans, and its rulers could say, "It is not lawful
+for us to put any man to death."
+
+3. When H. N. refers to "the advocates of conversion and their itinerant
+agents," it is difficult to perceive exactly what he intends, except "to
+hint a fault and hesitate dislike." But before a writer undertakes to cast
+a reflection on those great societies who have been labouring--not by
+coercion, but by instruction and persuasion, by the circulation of the
+scriptures and the preaching of the Gospel--to substitute Christianity for
+idolatry among those who are under the government of Great Britain, he
+should well understand the grounds of his censures, so as to be able "to
+explain to the conversionists that, unless this doctrine be openly refuted,
+the missionaries may in truth be fighting their own shadow." {546}
+
+How then has H. N. explained the doctrine which they are to refute--the
+meaning of the "cross and basilica" in India? The only witness in proof of
+it has disappeared "by falling into a volcanic crater." He himself
+professes to be quite ignorant of cathedral architecture and the English
+government, and English gentlemen generally, who have shamefully secreted
+such a treasure, are equally ignorant. Why had they not consulted the
+living Church of Hindooism, and shown it a little sympathy and respect with
+a view to getting enlightened? Whereas "the little they do know is derived
+from books." Farther, "the elder civilians, men of ability, classical
+scholars, and first-rate Asiatic linguists," when assembled in that very
+building, though they descanted on the sanctity of the place, "not one of
+them knew nor remarked the 'cross and basilica.'" And when visiting the
+great temple of Benares, H. N. does not recollect that the cross was either
+noticed to him or by him.
+
+It may be true that when the Hindoo "system of government existed in
+efficiency, there was neither crime nor punishment"--a shadowy tradition, I
+presume, of the state of innocence! It may also be true that "the mythology
+of the Nile agrees with that of the Ganges." But it would not follow that
+the cross is a myth derived from the mysteries of Egypt or the astronomy of
+India. It would still remain an unquestionable fact, that the cross, for
+ages an instrument of ignominious torture under Pagan Rome, only ceased to
+be so when Christianity had won its way through all ranks of society up to
+the imperial throne; then its employment was abolished by Constantine,
+partly from the humanising influence of the new faith, and partly out of
+reverence to Him who had suffered on it for the world's redemption.
+
+The anticipations of Christianity supplied by Paganism, of which Krishna
+"burnishing the head of the serpent" is a striking example, may be easily
+accounted for, and their source pointed out. As a corruption of the
+earliest revelation, Paganism contains, as might be expected, a portion of
+truth blended with much error. Indeed, it would be no difficult task to
+prove that classical and oriental mythology is in some sense, and to a
+great extent, the shadow of biblical truth. What then? In endeavouring to
+supplant idolatry in the Roman empire, were the Apostles and first
+preachers of Christianity merely "fighting their own shadow?" They
+recognised those truths which even heathens admit, but opposed and
+overthrew the accumulated errors of ages. Yet there were some even then who
+condemned the preaching of the cross as "foolishness," till success
+demonstrated its wisdom.
+
+Lastly, H. N., having "travelled much in this country and on the
+Continent," is convinced "that superstition prevails comparatively _less_
+in Asia than in Europe," and that "the pages of 'N. & Q.' abundantly
+corroborate the opinion."
+
+This is far more startling than the discovery of the "cross and basilica"
+at Muttra. To admit it, however, would require us to disregard the
+testimony of a cloud of witnesses, and to ignore all our former reading.
+The vast systems of Asiatic superstition, it seems, are less objectionable
+than our own folk lore; the tremendous shades of Brahma and Budhu, of
+Juggernaut and the goddess Kali, with their uncouth images and horrid
+worship, are harmless when compared with Puck, the Pixies, and Robin
+Goodfellow; and Caste, Suttee, and Devil-worship[3] are evils of less
+magnitude than cairns, kist-vaens, and cromlechs. The mental balance must
+be peculiarly constructed that could lead to such a decision. Certainly
+H. N. is no Rhadamanthus. "Dat veniam corvis, vexat censure columbas."
+
+The appeal to "N. & Q." in corroboration of his opinion forms a pleasant
+and suitable conclusion of the whole: for while in India superstition still
+undeniably lives and "prevails," it is one special object of "N. & Q." to
+embalm the remains of local superstitions in Great Britain that have either
+breathed their last, or are _in extremis_; to collect the relics of
+long-departed superstitions that were once vigorous and rampant in our
+island, but are now in danger of being lost and forgotten. Their very
+remnants and vestiges have become so rare that they are unknown to the
+great mass of the community; and the learned, therefore, especially those
+versed in ethology, are urged to hunt them out wherever they exist in the
+different districts of the country, before they fall into utter oblivion.
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+[Footnote 3: For proof of the existence of Devil-worship, see _Yakkun
+Nottanawa_, a Cingalese poem, translated by John Callaway, printed for the
+Oriental Translation Fund: J. Murray, 1829.]
+
+I would beg to suggest to H. N. that if his friend Count Venua saw in the
+Hindoo temple at Muttra both the form of a perfect cross and of a
+"basilica, carried out with more correctness of order and symmetry than in
+Italy," he must have been so totally ignorant of early architecture as to
+make his observations quite worthless, since there is no more similitude
+between the cruciform church and the basilica than there is between two
+parallel lines (=) and two lines crossing each other at right angles (+).
+
+"The precise shape of the cross on the Temple of Serapis" can only be
+inferred from the words of the historian cited, and the inference therefrom
+is strong that it was the _crux ansata_.
+
+EDEN WARWICK
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{547}
+
+DECORATIVE PAVEMENT TILES FROM CAEN.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 493.)
+
+The tiles presented, in 1786, to Mr. Charles Chadwick, of Mavesyn-Ridware,
+Staffordshire, are preserved in the church at that place. They form two
+tablets affixed to the wall in the remarkable sepulchral chapel arranged
+and decorated, at a great cost, by the directions of that gentleman towards
+the close of the last century, when the greater portion of the church was
+rebuilt. The north chapel, or aisle, containing the tombs of the Mavesyns
+and the Ridwares, the ancient lords of the estates which descended to Mr.
+Chadwick, was preserved; and here are to be seen two cross-legged effigies,
+a curious incised portraiture on an altar-tomb, representing Sir Robert
+Mavesyn, 1403, with other incised slabs and interesting memorials; to which
+were added, by Mr. Chadwick, a series of large incised figures, which
+surround the chapel. These last are not shown in the view given in Shaw's
+_History of Staffordshire_, vol. ii. p. 191., having been executed since
+the publication of that work; and it is stated that they were engraved by
+the parish clerk under Mr. Chadwick's direction, being intended to pourtray
+the successive lords of the place from the Norman times to the sixteenth
+century, each in the costume of his period. There are also numerous
+atchievements and other decorations attached to the walls; amongst these
+are the pavement tiles from Caen, one of which bore the same arms as are
+assigned to the family of Malvoisin-Rosny, and on that account probably Mr.
+Chadwick placed these relics from Normandy amongst the enrichments of his
+mausoleum.
+
+In regard to MR. BOASE'S first inquiry, "Who was Charles Chadwick, Esq.?"
+it may suffice to cite the detailed account of the family given by Shaw,
+and the short notice of that gentleman which will be found in the _History
+of Staffordshire_, vol. ii. p. 185.
+
+On a visit to Mavesyn-Ridware in 1839, I was struck with the appearance of
+these tiles; their design and fashion at once recalled those from Caen with
+which I had been familiar in Normandy. Having ascertained their origin, I
+took occasion to state the fact of their preservation at this church in the
+"Notes on Decorative Tiles," communicated to Mr. Parker by me, and given in
+the fourth edition of his useful _Glossary of Architecture_, in 1845: see
+p. 367.
+
+It should be observed that the number of tiles composing the two tablets
+now to be seen is forty; whilst the number, as stated _Gent. Mag._, vol.
+lix. part i. p. 211., and in a second letter from Mr. Barrett, in vol. lx.
+part ii. p. 710., not cited by MR. BOASE in his Query, is twenty. MR. BOASE
+is probably aware that the sixteen tiles from the Great Guard Chamber at
+Caen, which supplied the subject of Mr. J. Major Henniker's memoir, were
+presented by him to the Society of Antiquaries of London, and are now in
+their museum, as noticed in the catalogue, compiled by myself, p. 30.
+
+A coloured drawing of an heraldic pavement at Caen, taken about 1700, is
+preserved in a volume of the great collection formed by M. de Gaignieres,
+and bequeathed by Gough to the Bodleian Library. It comprises chiefly
+drawings of French sepulchral monuments, arranged by localities; and there
+is one volume, entitled _Recueil de Tapisseries, d'Armoiries et de
+Devises_, in which may be found the interesting memorial of this decorative
+pavement of tiles, which was destroyed during the fury of the Revolution.
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+Charles Chadwick, Esq., of Healy Hall, Lancashire, and Mavesyn-Ridware, in
+the county of Stafford, to whom the monks of St. Stephen, at Caen,
+presented, in the year 1786, a series of encaustic tiles with heraldic
+devices taken from the floor of the (so called) "Great Guard Chamber of the
+Palace of the Dukes of Normandy," died in 1829. I infer that the tiles were
+brought to the Lancashire residence of Mr. Chadwick because the description
+and the drawing for the engraving were both supplied to the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_ by a Lancashire antiquary, Thomas Barnett, of Hydes Cross,
+Manchester: but as the descendants of Mr. Chadwick no longer reside in
+Lancashire, the hall being occupied by a woollen manufacturer, I have been
+unable to obtain any information respecting the tiles, though long desirous
+to do so.
+
+I direct attention to another series of the same tiles, sixteen in number,
+which were presented to the Society of Antiquaries through the president,
+the Earl of Leicester, in 1788, by John Henniker, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., S.A.,
+and M.P., who afterwards took the additional name of Major. This gentleman
+received the tiles from his brother, Captain Henniker, then resident at
+Caen; and in 1794 he published an interesting account of them with
+engravings, entitled _Two Letters on the Origin, Antiquity, and History of
+Norman Tiles stained with Armorial Bearings_ (London, John Bell, Strand).
+The engravings both in this volume and in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ are
+indifferently executed, and too small in scale to be of use. Mr. Henniker
+describes the colours of his tiles to be "yellow and brown," while Mr.
+Barnett states that the tiles in Mr. Chadwick's possession were "light grey
+and black;" a curious discrepancy, seeing that in all other respects they
+were exactly similar. These tiles are of so much heraldic and antiquarian
+interest that if either set could be made available for the purpose, it is
+very desirable that they be engraved of full size, and printed by the
+modern easy process to imitate the colours.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{548}
+
+MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 170.)
+
+With your permission I shall enlarge the list of mottos of the German
+emperors, as well by commencing with the Germano-Frankish era as by
+supplying those omitted in the series given by MR. JOSHUA G. FITCH. My
+authorities are Reusneri _Symbola Imperatoria tribus classibus C�s. Rom.
+Italic., C. R. Gr�corum, C. R. Germanico_; and Sadeler, _Symbola divina et
+humana Pontificum, Imperatorum, Regum_, &c.:
+
+    Caroli Magni. 752. _Christus regnat, vincit, triumphat._
+
+    Ludovici Pii. 814. _Omnium rerum vicissitudo._
+
+    Lotharii I. 840. _Ubi mel, ibi fel._
+
+    Ludovici II. 855. _Par sit fortuna labori._
+
+    Caroli II. (Calvi.) 875. _Justitiam injustitia parit._
+
+    Caroli III. (Crassi.) 881. _Os garrulum intricat omnia._
+
+    Arnulphi. 888. _Facilis descensus Averni._
+
+    Ludovici III. 899. _Multorum manus, paucorum consilium._
+
+    Othonis Magni. _Aut mors aut vita decora._
+
+    Othonis III. _Unita virtus valet._
+
+    Henrici II. (Claudi.) _Ne quid nimis._
+
+    Friderici I. (�nobarbi.) _Aliud. Qui nescit dissimulare nescit
+    imperare._
+
+    Friderici II. _Minarum strepitus, asinorum crepitus._ The following is
+    the correct reading of the words given in Vol. viii., p. 170.:
+    _Cumplurium triariorum ego strepitum audivi._
+
+    Adolphi. _Animus est qui divites facit._
+
+    Alberti I. _Aliud. Quod optimum idem jucundissimum._
+
+    Henrici VII. _Aliud. Fide et consilio._
+
+    Ludovici IV. _Sola bona qu� honesta._
+    _Aliud. Deo et C�sari._[4]
+
+    Caroli IV. _Optimum aliena insania frui._
+    _Aliud. Nullius pavet occursum._
+
+    Wenceslai. _Morosophi moriones pessimi._
+    _Aliud. Tempestati parendum._
+
+    Sigismundi. _Aliud. Sic cedunt munera fatis._
+
+    Alberti II. _Aliud. Fugam victoria nescit._
+
+    Friderici III. _Rerum irrecuperabilium foelix oblivio._
+    _Aliud. A. E. I. O. U._
+
+That these vowels are supposed to signify "Austri� est imperare orbi
+universo" has already been communicated in "N. & Q." Reusner has given then
+another interpretation "Aquila electa iuste vincit omnia."
+
+"Aliud. Hic regit, ille tuetur. Leges et arma in promptu habes, ill�
+regunt, h�c tuentur imperium. A Justiniano habet," &c.--Sadeler, p. 43.
+
+    Maximiliani I. _Aliud. In manu Dei Regis est [cor]._
+    _Aliud. Per tot discrimina._
+
+    Caroli V. _Aliud. Nondum in auge [Sol]._
+    _Aliud. Fundatori quietis [laurea]._
+
+    Ferdinandi. _Fiat justitia aut pereat mundus._
+    _Aliud. A. I. P. Q. N. S. I. A._
+
+     "Accidit in puncto quod non speratur in anno;
+        Temporis in puncto qui sapit, ille sapit."
+
+    Maximiliani II. _Comminuam vel extinguam._
+    (_Puta semiplenam Turcarum lunulam._)
+
+    Rudolphi II. _Aliud. Ex voluntate Dei omnia._
+    _Aliud. Sic ad astra._
+    _Aliud. Tu ne cede malis._
+
+In Reusner's work the mottos are accompanied by copious and erudite
+comments; and in Sadeler's by engravings also; the devices or achievements
+of distinguished men, denominated in the Italian language _Imprese_, and in
+the Latin _Symbola Heroica_.
+
+BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
+
+[Footnote 4: "Symbolum [aquila solem contr� tuens] quo jam se non tantum
+adversario opponit sed cum Deo parum modest� ponit. Est quidem aquila Jovi
+sacra ut ad fabulas rem revolvamus. Sed absit mihi omnis cum Deo
+comparatio."--Sadeler, p. 39.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Simplicity of Calotype Process._--The session of the Photographic Society
+was commenced with a paper from our original correspondent, DR. DIAMOND,
+under the above title. Our journal having led to such facilities of
+question and answer, has induced many of our readers to ask upon several
+points additional instructions, some of which we have ourselves thought
+might have been made more clear and having written to DR. DIAMOND he has
+promised us a revised copy for our next Number. Replying to some of our
+Querists, he says, "The plain photographic facts are correct; but I wrote
+the paper on the morning of the day on which the Society met, and was not
+aware it was to be printed in the _Journal_ until I received my copy."
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--As my only object writing on this subject was to
+communicate to others the plan which _I_ had found _in practice_ most
+successful, I think it necessary to correct some points of misapprehension
+which it is evident your correspondent K. N. M. has fallen into, Vol.
+viii., p. 501.
+
+In the process I recommended, the paper, if cockled up, readily becomes
+flat and even if kept in a portfolio or any similar receptacle; and as I
+_never float_ my paper to sensitize it, I have not the inconvenience of the
+silver solution becoming spoiled by particles of the albumen. The 100
+grains to the ounce for the solution I do not find more extravagant when
+applied, as I have indicated, with a glass rod, than one of 30 grains to
+the ounce when the paper is floated, because in the former case I use only
+just enough to cover the paper, viz. forty-five minims to a half-sheet of
+{549} Canson's paper, and there is no loss from any portion adhering to the
+dishes, evaporation, or filtering. This is far more than would be imagined
+when only a sheet or two of paper is required at one time. Lastly, with
+regard to the _strokes_ being visible after printing the positive, I do not
+find them so in general, though occasionally such a thing does happen when
+sufficient care has not been taken in the preparation; but I find stri�
+quite as visible on two positives prepared by DR. DIAMOND himself, which he
+kindly gave me: however, I will forward a sample of my paper for your
+judgment, and also a portion for K. N. M. if he will take the trouble of
+trying the same.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_New Developing Mixture._--Having for some months past used the following
+developing mixture, and finding it very bright and easily applied, I beg to
+offer it to your notice. It does not cost more than three farthings per
+ounce, and therefore may be worth the consideration of beginners. I do not
+know a better where the metallic appearance is not desired.
+
+  No. 1. Pyrogallic acid          2 grains.
+        Glacial acetic acid      1 drachm.
+        Water                    1 oz.
+
+  No. 2. Protosulphate of iron   10 grains.
+        Nitric acid              2 drops.
+        Water                    1 oz.
+
+  To six drachms of No. 2. add two of No. 1.
+
+I pour it on, but do not return it to the bottle, as it is apt to spoil if
+so used.
+
+T. L. MERRITT.
+
+_Queries on the Albumenized Process._--Allow me to put a few questions
+through your valued paper.
+
+In the albumen process on glass, Messrs. Ross and Thomson, in
+Thornthwaite's _Guide_, recommend 10 drops of sat. solution of iodized
+potassa to each egg. Now is it meant _ten drops_, or _ten minims_? If the
+former, a drop varies with the bottle and quantity of liquid in it; and ten
+drops are nearly half the bulk of ten minims, generally speaking. Then as
+to the egg: an egg in this country is only at most 6 [drachm]; in England
+an egg appears twice as large.--Could you state the general bulk of an egg
+in England, and to what quantity by bulk or weight of albumen the 10 drops
+or minims are to be applied? When I say an egg is only 6 [drachm], I mean
+the white of one.
+
+A SUBSCRIBER.
+
+Bombay.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Poems in connection with Waterloo_ (Vol. vii., p. 6.).--A correspondent of
+the _Naval and Military Gazette_ of November 19, 1853, signing himself
+"M.A., Pem. Coll., Oxford," has pointed out an error into which I had
+fallen "respecting the elm-trees at and connected with Waterloo."
+
+I certainly was given to understand, when I received the monody, that it
+was written by the public orator on the death of his son _who fell at
+Waterloo_: whereas it clearly appears by the obituary in the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, that _Ensign William Crowe_, first battalion, 4th foot, _son of
+the public orator_ at Oxford, _was killed at the attack_ upon New Orleans
+Jan. 8, 1815.
+
+I hasten to acknowledge my mistake, though I am glad that the two copies of
+verses found place in your columns.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+_Richard Oswald_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.)--Your Querist will find many letters
+to and from him in Franklin's _Memoirs_. He was for some years a merchant
+in the city of London. In 1759 he purchased the estate of Auchincruive, in
+the county of Ayr, and died there in 1783. No memoir of him has ever been
+published. He was for many years an intimate friend of Lord Shelbourne, who
+sent him to Paris in 1782, and again in 1783, to negotiate with Franklin,
+with whom he had been for some time acquainted. During the Seven Years' War
+he acted as commissary-general to the allied armies under the Duke of
+Brunswick, who said of him in the official despatches, that "England had
+sent him commissaries fit to be generals, and generals not fit to be
+commissaries."
+
+J. H. E.
+
+_Grammont's Marriage_ (Vol. viii., p. 461.).--In one of the notes to
+Grammont, originally, I believe, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his edition,
+but which appears at p. 415. of Bohn's reprint, we are told on the
+authority of the _Biographia Gallica_, vol. i. p. 202.:
+
+    "The famous Count Grammont was thought to be the original of _The
+    Forced Marriage_. This nobleman, during his stay at the court of
+    England, had made love to Miss Hamilton, but was coming away from
+    France without bringing matters to a proper conclusion. The young
+    lady's brothers pursued him, and came up with him near Dover, in order
+    to exchange some pistol shot with him. They called out, 'Count
+    Grammont, have you forgot nothing at London?' 'Excuse me,' answered the
+    Court guessing their errand, 'I forgot to marry your sister; so lead
+    on, and let us finish that affair.'"
+
+My object in this communication is to supply an omission in MR. STEINMAN'S
+very interesting Notes, who does not show, as he might have done, how the
+letters of M. de Comminges prove the truth of this story. For, from the
+passage quoted by MR. STEINMAN from the letter to the king, dated Dec.
+20-24, 1663, it is evident that the count was about on that day to leave
+England "without bringing matters to a proper conclusion;" while that he
+married the lady within a day or {550} two of that date may fairly be
+inferred from the announcement on Aug. 29-Sept. 8, 1664, that "Madame la
+Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils." MR. STEINMAN'S
+omission was probably intentional; I have supplied it in the hope that the
+date and place of the marriage may now be ascertained, and for the purpose
+of expressing my hope that we shall soon be favoured by MR. STEINMAN'S
+return to this subject.
+
+HORACE WALPOLE, Jun.
+
+_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Let me give A. C. the testimony of two poets
+and a philosopher in support of the "general feeling" about the renewal of
+life, which will surely bear down the authority of three writers mentioned
+by him.
+
+Cowper's notion may be gathered from the couplet:
+
+ "So numerous are the follies that annoy
+  The mind and heart of every sprightly boy."
+
+Kirke White must have had a similar idea:
+
+ "There are who think that childhood does not share
+  With age the cup, the bitter cup, of care;
+  Alas! they know not this unhappy truth,
+  That every age and rank is born to ruth."
+
+The next four lines may also be attentively considered. I quote from his
+"Childhood," one of his earliest productions by the way--but what
+production of his was not early?
+
+Still more decidedly, however, on the point speaks Cicero (_de Senectute_):
+
+    "Si quis Deus mihi largiatur ut ea h�c �tate repuerescam, et in cunis
+    vagiam, _valde recusem_."
+
+The following passage is also at A. C.'s service, provided you can find
+space for it, and there are "no questions asked" as to its whereabouts:
+
+    "I have heard them say that our childhood's hours are the happiest time
+    of our earthly race; and they speak with regret of their summer bowers,
+    and the mirth they knew in the butterfly chase; and they sorrow to
+    think that those days are past, when their young hearts bounded with
+    lightsome glee, when, by none of the clouds of care o'ercast, the sun
+    of their joy shone cheerily. But, oh! they surely forget that the boy
+    may have grief of his own that strikes deep in his heart; that an angry
+    frown, or a broken toy, may inflict for a time a cureless smart; and
+    that little pain is as great to him as a weightier woe to an older
+    mind. Aye! the harsh reproof, or unfavoured whim, may be sharp as a
+    pang of a graver kind. Then, how dim-sighted and thoughtless are those,
+    who would they were frolicsome children and free; they should rather
+    rejoice to have fled from the woes that hung o'er them once so heavily.
+    In misfortune's rude shocks the practised art of _the man_ may
+    perchance disclose relief; but _the child_, in his innocence of heart,
+    will bow 'neath the stroke of a trifling grief."
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+_Muscipula_ (Vol. viii., p. 229.--_The Name Lloyd._--Besides the
+translation of this poem by Dr. Hoadly, of which a note in Dodsley informs
+us that the author, Holdsworth, said it was "exceedingly well done," I have
+before me another, printed in London for R. Gosling, 1715, with an engraved
+frontispiece, illustrative of the triumphant reception of Taffy's
+invention. The depredations of the mouse are illustrated in the various
+figures around, as cheeses burrowed through, even the invasion of a
+sleeping Welshman's very [Greek: erkos odont�n], &c. The title is, _The
+Mouse-Trap, a Poem done from the original Latin in Milton's Stile_:
+
+ "Ludus animo debet aliquando dari,
+  Ad cogitandum melior ut redeat tibi"--_Ph�d._
+
+Both translations are in blank verse, but that of the latter is very
+_blank_ indeed, and possesses little in common with Milton's _style_,
+except the absence of rhyme. It thus begins:
+
+ "The British mountaineer, who first uprear'd
+  A mouse-trap, and engoal'd the little thief,
+  The deadly wiles and fate inextricable,
+  Rehearse, my Muse, and, oh! thy presence deign,
+  Auxiliar Phoebus, mortal foe to mice:
+  Whence bards in ancient times thee Smintheus term'd," &c.
+
+Muscipula must have made some sensation to have been translated by two
+different persons. _Welsh rabbits_, and their supposed general fondness for
+_cheese_, have furnished many a joke at the expense of the inhabitants of
+the principality. Among others the following quiz may not be out of place
+on the famous Cambro-Britannic name of Lloyd:
+
+ "Two gibbets dejected,        LL
+    A cheese in full view,       O
+  A toaster erected              Y
+    And a cheese cut in two,     D."
+
+  Ballard MSS. in the Bodleian, vol. xxix. p. 80.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Berefellarii_ (Vol. viii., p. 420.).--M. PHILAR�TE CHASLES has
+misrepresented JOHN JEBB'S Query and conjecture about _berefellarii_ (Vol.
+vii., p. 207.). He never spoke of these officers as "_half ecclesiastics_
+(!), dirty, shabby, ill-washed attendants." They were priests of an
+inferior grade, answering to the minor canons of cathedrals, and superior
+to the vicars choral, who were also called _person�_ and _rectores chori_.
+He has far too great a respect for collegiate foundations to use such
+opprobrious terms when speaking of any class of ministers of divine
+service. The only conjecture J. JEBB made was, that the word might possibly
+have been a corruption (arising from incorrect writing) of _beneficiarii_,
+which is continually used abroad for the inferior clergy of collegiate
+churches, though not common in {551} England. It is just _possible_, though
+not very probable, that this somewhat foreign word was misread, and gave
+rise to a blundering corruption conveying ludicrous ideas, the "turpe
+nomen" alluded to by the Archbishop of York tempore Ric. II. The
+conjectural derivation of the word from Anglo-Saxon words was not my own,
+but that of a subsequent correspondent. It is just one of those conjectures
+which, like that of "Mazarin�us," may be quite as likely to be false as
+true. I could suggest twenty that would be quite as likely; such as
+_bier-followers_ (attenders on funerals, as did the clerks and inferior
+clergy in cathedrals), or _bury fellows_ (query, burying fellows), or _beer
+fellows_ (like the _beerers_ in Dean Aldrich's famous catch), or _belly
+fillers_, &c., or lastly, some corruption of _Beverly_ itself.
+_Barefellows_ is as likely as any. Still I cannot think that these
+functionaries were low or contemptible. Their position corresponded to a
+very honourable status in cathedral churches.
+
+JOHN JEBB.
+
+_Harmony of the Four Gospels_ (Vol. viii., pp. 316. 415.)--I am greatly
+obliged to MR. HARDWICK, MR. BUCKTON, and J. M. for their valuable and
+satisfactory replies to my Query. To the list of those Harmonies published
+since the Reformation, may be added that of John Hind, 1632, under the
+title of
+
+    "The Storie of Stories, or the Life of Christ, according to the foure
+    holy Evangelists: with a harmonie of them, and a table of their
+    chapters and verses, collected by Johan Hind. London, printed by Miles
+    Flesher, 1632."
+
+It is dedicated to the "Lady Anne Twisden," with whom, and her son the
+learned Sir Roger Twisden, this John Hind, "a German gentleman of
+Mecklenburgh, a most religious honest knowing man, lived above thirty
+years," &c.
+
+Surely Doddridge's _Family Expositor_ should be added to the list.
+
+Z. 1.
+
+_Picts' Houses and Argils_ (Vol. viii., p. 264.).--Malte-Brun, in his
+_Universal Geography_, English translation, vol. vi. p. 387., has a passage
+in his description of Russia which applies to this matter. The steppes of
+Nogay lie immediately to the north of the peninsula of the Crimea, both
+being included in the Russian government of Taurida, and both countries
+were formerly inhabited by the Cimbri or Cimmerians. Malte-Brun says:
+
+    "The colonists are in many places ill provided with timber for
+    building; they live under the ground, and the hillocks, which are so
+    common in the country, and which served in ancient times for graves or
+    monuments of the dead, are now converted into houses, the vaults are
+    changed into roofs, and beneath them are subterranean excavations.
+    Kurgan is the Tartar name for these tumuli; they are scattered
+    throughout New Russia; they were raised at different times by the
+    different people who ruled over that region. The Kurgans are not all of
+    the same kind; some are not unlike the rude works of the early
+    Hungarians, others are formed of large and thin stones, like the
+    Scandinavian tombs. It is to be regretted that the different articles
+    contained in them have been only of late years examined with care."
+
+This does not establish the identity of the Argil and Kurgan, but I think
+it shows more particular information is likely to be met with on the
+subject. M. Malte-Brun, vol. vi. p. 152., in his description of Turkey,
+mentions a curious town on the hills of the Strandschea, a little to the
+west of Constantinople. It is called Indchiguis, and is inhabited by
+Troglodytes; its numerous dwellings are cut in solid rocks, stories are
+formed in the same manner, and many apartments that communicate with each
+other.
+
+W. H. F.
+
+_Boswell's "Johnson"_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--
+
+ "Crescit, occulto velut arbor �vo,
+  Fama Marcelli: micat inter omnes
+  Julium sidus, velut inter ignes
+              Luna minores."--Hor. _Carm._ I. xii. 45-48.
+
+F. C. has overlooked the _point_ of Boswell's remark, viz. that Johnson had
+been "inattentive to metre."
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Pronunciation of "Humble"_ (Vol. viii., p. 393.).--I venture once more to
+trespass on your pages, in the hope of helping to settle the right
+pronunciation of _humble_. In the controversy respecting it, the derivation
+of the word should not be overlooked, as it is a most important point; for
+I consider that the improper use of the _h_ has arisen from people not
+knowing from whence the word was taken. Now, as I am of opinion that it
+will go far to prove that the _h_ should be silent in _humble_, by giving a
+list of the radical words in the English language in which that letter is
+silent, and their derivations, I beg to do so: premising that they are
+derived from the Celtic language, in which the _h_ is not used in the same
+manner that it is in other languages:
+
+_Heir_, from _oigeir_, i. e. the young man who succeeds to a property: the
+word is pronounced _air_.
+
+_Honest_, from _oinnicteac_, i. e. just, liberal, generous, kind.
+
+_Honour_, from _onoir_, i. e. praise, respect, worship.
+
+_Hour_, from _uair_, pronounced _voir_, i. e. time present, a period of
+time, any time.
+
+_Humble_, from _umal_, i. e. lowly, obedient, submissive.
+
+_Humour._ The derivation of this word is obscure, but in the sense of
+_mirth_ it may be derived from _uaim-mir_, i. e. loud mirth, gaiety.
+
+The compounds formed from these words have the _h_ silent; and every other
+word beginning with {552} that letter should have it fully sounded. Such
+being my practice, I cannot be accused of cultivating the _Heapian
+dialect_, which I hold to be equally abominable with the improper use of
+the letter _h_.
+
+FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+May not the following be the true solution of the question? All _existing_
+humility is either pride or hypocrisy; pride aspirates the _h_, hypocrisy
+suppresses it. I always aspirate.
+
+M.
+
+_Continuation of Robertson_ (Vol. viii., p. 515.).--The supplementary
+volume proposed by MR. TURNBULL, which is wanted extremely, was never
+published, owing to the fact that eighty subscribers could not be found to
+indemnify him for the expense of printing.
+
+G.
+
+_Nostradamus_ (Vol. vii., p. 174.).--My edition of _Nostradamus_, 1605
+(described in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 140.), has the quotation in question;
+but the first line has "le sang du juste," not "le sang du jusse."
+
+The ed. of 1605 is undoubtedly genuine. Besides the twelve centuries of
+prophecies, it contains 141 "Presages tirez de ceux faits par M.
+Nostradamus," and fifty-eight "Pr�dictions admirables pour les ans courans
+en ce Si�cle, recueillies des m�moires de feu M. Nostradamus," with a
+dedication to Henry IV. of France, "par Vincent Seve, de Beaucaire, 19
+Mars, 1605."
+
+R. J. R.
+
+_Quantity of Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 386.).--ANTI-BARBARUS need not say we
+always pronounce Candace long, for I have never heard it otherwise than
+short. Labbe says it should be short, and classes it with short
+terminations in _[)a]cus_; but I am not aware that there is any poetical
+authority for it. _Canace_ and _canache_ are both short in Ovid; all which
+may have helped to the inference for _Cand[)a]ce_. Facciolati has an
+adjective _cand[)a]cus_, to which I refer your correspondent.
+
+W. HAZEL.
+
+_"Man proposes, but God disposes"_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This saying is
+older than the age of Thomas � Kempis, who was born about A.D. 1380. It
+probably originated in two passages of Holy Scripture, on one or both of
+which it may have been an ancient comment:
+
+    "Hominis est animam pr�parare, et Domini gubernare linguam." "Cor
+    hominis disponit viam suam, sed Domini est dirigere gressus
+    ejus."--Proverbs xvi. 1. 10.
+
+The sentiment in both is the same, and their pith is given in a still more
+brief and condensed form in our own proverb. It is remarkable that while
+Dr. A. Clarke, in his notes on Proverbs xvi., has quoted it without
+reference to its authorship in the edition of Stanhope's version of _De
+Imitatione Christi_, which I happen to have, it is not to be found; but its
+place (according to your correspondent's reference) is occupied by the _two
+texts_ above quoted. The work referred to is asserted by some to have been
+only translated or transcribed by � Kempis, and written by John Gerson,
+Chancellor of the University of Paris, a great theologian, who died in
+1429. Be that as it may, I can assure your correspondent A. B. C. that the
+saying in question _did not_ originate with the author of that work. In
+Piers Ploughman's _Vision_, written A.D. 1362, it is thus introduced:
+
+ "And _Spiritus justiti�_
+  Shall juggen, wol he nele he (_will he nil he!_)
+  After the kynges counseil,
+  And the comune like.
+  And _Spiritus prudenti�_,
+  In many a point shall faille,
+  Of that he weneth will falle,
+  If his wit ne weere.
+  Wenynge is no wysdom,
+  Ne wys ymaginacion.
+  _Homo proponit, et Deus disponit_,
+  And governeth alle good vertues."
+    Vol. ii. p. 427., ll. 13984-95. Ed. London: W. Pickering, 1842.
+
+In the same way the author frequently introduces Latin texts from the
+Bible, and other books of authority and devotion. In the notes the editor
+generally refers to the place from whence the quotation is taken; but as
+there is no reference in connexion with the present passage, I infer that
+he was not aware of its source.
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_Polarised Light_ (Vol. viii., p. 409.).--I am unable to furnish H. C. K.
+with knowledge from the fountain-head touching this phenomenon. On
+referring, however, to a little work, much valued in my boyish days, I find
+it thus mentioned:
+
+    "The blue light of the sky is completely polarised at an angle of
+    seventy-four degrees from the sun, in a plane passing through the sun's
+    centre."--P. 219. _Newtonian Philosophy_, by Tom Telescope: Tegg, Lond.
+    1838.
+
+Surely the Herschels mention this.
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+The attempt to establish a _Surrey Arch�ological Society_ has at length
+proved successful. Upwards of one hundred and seventy Members have already
+joined the Society. The Duke of Norfolk has accepted its Presidency, and
+the Earl of Ellesmere, the Bishop of Winchester, and Lord Viscount Downe,
+are among the number of its Vice-Presidents. The Society has good work
+before it, and we trust will set about it in a way to {553} secure the
+success which we wish it. The Honorary Secretary and Treasurer is George
+Bish Webb, Esq., of 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill; from whom
+gentlemen desirous of enrolling themselves as Members may obtain copies of
+the Prospectus, Rules, &c. of the Society.
+
+The mention of one county Society seems to call attention to another,
+namely, the _Somersetshire Arch�ological and Natural History Society_, the
+volume of whose Proceedings for 1852 is now before us, and affords
+satisfactory proof that the zeal and energy of its members, of which it
+numbers nearly five hundred, are by no means diminished. The papers and the
+illustrations of the volume are highly creditable to all concerned.
+
+The want of a collection of the early antiquities of this country has long
+been the greatest reproach which foreigners have been able to make against
+the British Museum. An opportunity of removing this has lately presented
+itself by an offer to the trustees of the well-known and probably unique
+collection, _The Faussett Museum_. Strange to say, that offer was declined:
+but, as a communication from the Society of Antiquaries strongly urging the
+propriety of a reconsideration of this decision--so that an opportunity
+which may never recur may not be lost--has been addressed to the trustees,
+we still hope that _the Faussett Museum_ will yet fill the empty cases at
+Great Russell Street, and form, as it is well calculated to do, the nucleus
+of a national collection of our own national antiquities. We understand Mr.
+Wylie has most liberally offered to present his valuable Fairford
+Collections to the Museum, if the Faussett Collection is secured for it.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Life and Works of William Cowper_, by Robert Southey,
+Vol. I. This, the first volume of a new edition, which will be comprised in
+eight instead of fifteen volumes--cost twenty-eight instead of seventy-five
+shillings, and yet contain additional plates and matter,--is the new issue
+of Bohn's _Standard Library_.--_The Laws of Artistic Copyright and their
+Defects_, by D. R. Blaine, Esq. A little volume well calculated to instruct
+artists, sculptors, engravers, printsellers, &c., so that they may clearly
+understand their rights, their remedies for the infringement of those
+rights, and the proper mode of transferring their property.--_The Attic
+Philosopher in Paris, being the Journal of a Happy Man_, forms No. LI. of
+Longman's _Traveller's Library_, and is a fit companion to the _Confessions
+of a Working Man_, by the same author, Emile Souvestre, published in the
+same series a few months since.--_Apuleius: Metamorphoses, or Golden Ass,
+and other Works._ A new translation, to which are added a metrical version
+of Cupid and Psyche, and Mrs. Tighe's Psyche, is the new volume of Bohn's
+_Classical Library_.--_Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, &c._,
+by Richard Sims. After the notice of this useful little volume taken by MR.
+BOLTON CORNEY in our last Number, we may content ourselves with expressing
+our hope that the trustees, whose desire it must be to facilitate in every
+way the use of the Museum library, will avail themselves of the earliest
+opportunity of marking their approval of this able attempt on the part of
+one of their officers--a junior though he be--to promote so important an
+object.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES, and the Continuation.
+
+THE HIVE. 3 Vols. London, 1724.
+
+THE FRIENDS. 2 Vols. London, 1773.
+
+LONDON MAGAZINE. 1732 to 1779.
+
+  Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOSEPH MEDE'S WORKS.
+
+JONES'S (of Nayland) SERMONS, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+PLAIN SERMONS. 10 Vols. 8vo.
+
+DEATH-BED SCENES. Best Edition.
+
+ROSE'S (H. J.) SERMONS.
+
+WILBERFORCE'S LIFE. 5 Vols.
+
+  Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HUTCHINS'S DORSETSHIRE. Last Edition.
+
+  Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Folio. Oxford, 1703. Vol. I.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. John James Avington_, Hungerford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RECOLLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE III., by John
+Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, 1820.
+
+  Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN
+(with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804.
+
+A [First] LETTER TO THE REV. DR. PUSEY, in reference to his Letter to the
+Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DILLWIN'S BRITISH CONIFER�. 4to. 115 Coloured Plates. London, 1809.
+
+(SCIOPPIUS) SCALIGER HYPOBOLYM�US, h. e. Elenchus Epistol� Josephi Burdonis
+Pseudo-Scaligeri de Vetustate et Splendore Gestis Scaligeri. 4to. Mainz,
+1607.
+
+  Wanted by _Williams and Norgate_, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+�STIMATOR _is informed that a new edition of Sir R. Philips's_ Million of
+Facts _has just been published_.
+
+N. E. H. _will find a full history of Cocker's_ Arithmetic _in De Morgan's_
+Books of Arithmetic.
+
+C. E. C. (Reading). _The volume in question is Lyte's Translation of
+Dodoens'_ Historie of Plantes.
+
+T. C. B. _Defoe's_ De Jure Divino _was first published in folio, 1706_.
+_See Wilson's_ Life, vol. ii. p. 465. _et seq._
+
+X. Y. Z. _Is our Correspondent sure that a clergyman on being inducted is
+locked up in the church and obliged to toll the bell himself?_
+
+P. M. HART _will find the line_,
+
+ "Men are but children of a larger growth,"
+
+_in Dryden's_ All for Love.
+
+S. S. (Andover). _We do not believe that Mr. Brayley ever published any
+more than the first volume of his_ Graphic and Historical Illustrator.
+
+C. H. (Cambridge) _is referred to_ "N. & Q.," Vol. i., pp. 211. 236. 325.
+357. 418., _for the history of the proverbial saying_, "God tempers the
+wind to the shorn lamb."
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a
+Half_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._
+
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+
+
+{554}
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+
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+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
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+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Geology or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+  1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
+  HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more congenial than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
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+C. LANGBRIDGE.
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+
+  BLAND & LONG Opticians, 153. Fleet
+  Street, London.
+
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+
+{555}
+
+Now ready, royal 12mo., pp. 430, with a Plan showing the localities of the
+London Libraries, and ground plan of the Libraries in the British Museum,
+cloth, 3s.
+
+HANDBOOK
+
+TO THE
+
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+
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+Classed Lists of the Manuscripts, &c.: and a variety of Information
+indispensable for the "Readers" at that Institution. With some Account of
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+Manuscripts; Compiler of the "Index to the Heralds' Visitations."
+
+London: JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.
+
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+J. G. Waller. 3. Philip the Second and Antonio Perez. 4. On the Immigration
+of the Scandinavians into Leicestershire, by James Wilson. 5. Wanderings of
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+
+    "Love the truth and peace."--Zech. viii. 19.
+
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+    1629--Comedie of All for Money, 1578--Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco,
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+XIII.
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+SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE
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+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+Corrections made to printed original.
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+page 541, "Les Lettres Juives.": 'Juices' in original.
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 214.
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27011]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 533 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page533"></a>{533}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 214.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, December 3. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Peter Brett</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page533">533</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Richard's "Guide through France," by Weld Taylor</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page534">534</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Women and Tortoises</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page534">534</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Weather Rules, by W. Winthrop</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page535">535</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Occasional Forms of Prayer, by Rev. Thomas Lathbury</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page535">535</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Chair
+      Moving&mdash;Epitaph on Politian in the Church of the Annunciation at
+      Florence&mdash;Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon&mdash;The
+      early Delights of Philadelphia&mdash;Misapplication of
+      Terms&mdash;"Plantin" Bibles in 1600&mdash;Ancient Gold Collar found
+      in Staffordshire</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page537">537</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Pictures in Hampton Court Palace</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page538">538</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Helmets&mdash;The
+      Nursrow&mdash;City Bellmen&mdash;Pope's Elegy on An Unfortunate
+      Lady&mdash;"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind"&mdash;Passage in
+      the "Christian Year"&mdash;David's
+      Mother&mdash;Emblems&mdash;"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira"&mdash;"Quid
+      facies," &amp;c.&mdash;Will of Peter the Great&mdash;H. Neele, Editor
+      of Shakspeare&mdash;MS. by Rubens on Painting&mdash;Peter
+      Allan&mdash;Haschisch or Indian Hemp&mdash;Crieff
+      Compensation&mdash;Admission to Lincoln's Inn, the Temple, and Gray's
+      Inn&mdash;Orders for the Household of Lord Montagu</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page538">538</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Cateaton
+      Street&mdash;Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the
+      Stocking-Frame&mdash;Cocker's Arithmetic&mdash;Lyke Porch or Litch
+      Porch&mdash;Henry Burton&mdash;British Mathematicians&mdash;"Les
+      Lettres Juives"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page540">540</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Attainment of Majority</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page541">541</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page543">543</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page544">544</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Anticipatory Use of the Cross, by J. W. Thomas and Eden
+      Warwick</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page545">545</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Decorative Pavement Tiles from Caen, by Albert Way and Gilbert J.
+      French</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page547">547</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Mottos of the Emperors of Germany</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page548">548</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic
+      Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Simplicity of Calotype
+      Process&mdash;Albumized Paper&mdash;New Developing
+      Mixture&mdash;Queries on the Albumenized Process</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page548">548</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Poems in
+      connexion with Waterloo&mdash;Richard Oswald&mdash;Grammont's
+      Marriage&mdash;Life&mdash;Muscipula&mdash;Berefellarii&mdash;Harmony
+      of the Four Gospels&mdash;Picts' Houses and Argils&mdash;Boswell's
+      "Johnson"&mdash;Pronunciation of "Humble"&mdash;Continuation of
+      Robertson&mdash;Nostradamus&mdash;Quantity of Words&mdash;"Man
+      proposes, but God disposes"&mdash;Polarised Light</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page549">549</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page552">552</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page553">553</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page553">553</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page554">554</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>PETER BRETT.</h3>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent T. K. seems to think that Scotchmen, and Scotch
+  subjects, have an undue prominence in "N. &amp; Q.:" let me therefore
+  introduce to your readers a neglected <i>Irishman</i>, in the person of
+  Peter Brett, the "parish clerk and schoolmaster of Castle-Knock." This
+  worthy seems to have been a great author, and the literary oracle of the
+  district over which he presided, and exercised the above-named important
+  functions. His <i>magnum opus</i> appears to have been his
+  <i>Miscellany</i>; a farrago of prose and verse, which, to distinguish it
+  from the herd of books bearing that title, is yclept, <i>par
+  excellence</i>, Brett's <i>Miscellany</i>. When Mr. Brett commenced to
+  enlighten the world, and when his candle was snuffed out, I know not. My
+  volume of the above work purports to be the fifth:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Containing above a hundred useful and entertaining Particulars,
+  Divine, Moral, and Historical; chiefly designed for the Improvement of
+  Youth, and those who have not the Opportunity of reading large Volumes.
+  Interspersed with several Entertaining Things never before printed.
+  Dublin, 1762."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The parish clerk's <i>bill of fares</i> is of the most seductive kind.
+  Under all the above heads he has something spicy to say, either in prose
+  or verse; but the marrow of the book lies in the Preface. To say that a
+  man, holding the important offices of parish clerk and schoolmaster,
+  could be charged with conceit, would be somewhat rash; if, therefore, in
+  remarking upon the rare instance of a parish clerk becoming an author, he
+  lets out that "whatever cavillers may say about his performance, they
+  must admit his extensive reading, and the great labour and application
+  the concoction of these books has cost him," he is but indulging in a
+  feeling natural to a man of genius, and a pardonable ebullition of the
+  <i>amour propre</i>. Mr. Brett seems to have been twitted with the charge
+  of taking up authorship as a commercial spec; he sullenly admits that his
+  book-making leaves him something, but nothing like a recompense, and
+  draws an invidious comparison between one Counsellor Harris and himself;
+  the <!-- Page 534 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page534"></a>{534}</span>former having received 200<i>l.</i> per
+  annum for collecting materials for the <i>Life of King William III.</i>,
+  while he, the schoolmaster of Castle-Knock, scarcely gets salt to his
+  porridge for his <i>Collections and Observations for perpetuating the
+  Honour and Glory of the King of Kings</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Peter farther boasts that these his volumes</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Contain the juice and marrow of many excellent and learned authors,
+  but compacted after such an ingenious manner, that the learned would find
+  it a great difficulty to show in what authors they are to be found!"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A plan for which, I think, the learned would award him the
+  <i>birch</i>. Mrs. Brett is no less a genius than her husband; and she
+  takes advantage of the publication of the <i>Miscellany</i>, to stick the
+  following little bill upon the back of the title:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ann Brett, wife of the said Peter, at the sign of the <i>Shroud</i>
+  in Christ Church Lane, opposite to the Church, makes and sells all Sorts
+  of Shrouds, draws all Sorts of Patterns, does all manner of Pinking, and
+  teaches Young Misses Reading and Writing, Arithmetic, and Plain Work. The
+  Dublin Society," she adds, "was pleased to honour her with a handsome
+  Present for her Curious Performance with the Pen."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. O.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>RICHARD'S "GUIDE THROUGH FRANCE."</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Translated from the French on the 12th edition.
+Paris: Audin, 25. Quai des Augustins.)</p>
+
+  <p>As we are not supposed to be sensible of our own failings, I should
+  much wish to know whether any English-French exists equal to some
+  French-English I know of, and inclose a specimen. <span class="sc">Mr. P.
+  Chasles</span> has played the critic so well with the English tongue,
+  that perhaps he can find us a few specimens. Without doubt, it will be a
+  wholesome correction to the Malaprop spirit if she is shown up a little;
+  and I regret extremely that <span class="sc">Mr. P. Chasles</span> was
+  not invited to correct the proofs of the <i>Itin�raire de France</i>.
+  Here we are posting with M. Richard:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The courier � franc-�trier cannot use bridle of their own, they must
+  not outrun the postilion who leads them, and the post master if they
+  might arrive at, without their postillion, must not give them horse
+  before this last is come. The supply-horses, according to the number of
+  persons, shall be put to carriages as much as the disposition of the
+  vehicles will admit. For example, three horses shall be put to
+  cabriolets, and till six to the berline, but as it should not be
+  possible, to put a horse en arbal�te (cross-bow) without notable
+  accidents, either to caleches with two horses or to the limonieres; they
+  shall be obliged to pay the charge for supply horse."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Here we are in a steamer, p. 52.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The sea is smooth, the sky pure, the air calm, everything promises a
+  happy navigation, our boat is in a very favourable position in the middle
+  of the Seine, on the right hand the hills of Honfleur, on the left the
+  coast of Ingouville, let us pause a little more on these shores we are
+  going to leave: behold on the east the fortifications of Havre, small
+  seats! clusters of trees! this is the village of l'Eure threatened by the
+  sea of an entire destruction. We must not pass over this green hill so
+  delightful to view, standing on the opposite shore seamen would not
+  forgive my silence, among these high trees stands a chapel dedicated to
+  Notre-Dame-de-Grace. Ingouville is of 4,800 inhabitants, among which a
+  great many Englishmen live there as in their own country, having their
+  particular churchyard, physicians, and many occasions of hearing from
+  England, which they can perceive from their pavilions. The traveller can
+  go to Elbeuf by land or water. The lover of the scenes of nature will
+  enjoy very romantical prospects, a new kind of view will strike his
+  sight, a long train of rocks called D'Orival, the most part steep,
+  covered with evergreen trees, which seem shoot out, with difficulty, of
+  their craggings."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>He tells us Soissons (p. 102.) "has a college, a pretty theatre, and a
+  bishoprick-sec, from the Cradle of Christianity into the Gauls." At
+  Coulommi�res (Seine et Marne), "the sciences are not cultivated, but the
+  inhabitants know pretty well how to play at nine pins." At Fontaines les
+  Cornues, "the inhabitants of Paris with a small expense can procure to
+  himself a scenery scarecely to be found in the other quarter of the
+  globe!" At Chatillion-sur-Seine, "the streets are neat and well aired."
+  At Arles, p. 361., a head of a goddess carved in marble:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The way in which the neck and left shoulder are ended, points out
+  that the head is <i>related</i> to a figure in drapery cut in another
+  block."</p>
+
+  <p>"The merchant of Bordeaux is distinguished by his noble easy and
+  pompous manner, he makes himself easily forgiven a sort of boasting,
+  which is the foible of the country."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>How the ladies bathe at Mont d'Or, p. 218.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"At five in the morning bathing begins. Two hardy Highlanders go and
+  fetch in a kind of deal boxes the fashionable lady, who when in town
+  never quits her bed-down before noon, the annuitant, the rich man, are
+  all brought in the same manner in these boxes. It is one of the most
+  pleasant bathing establishments; it offers a peristyle, a small
+  resting-room, a warming-place for linen, with partitions to prevent its
+  mixture."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The work consists of 446 mortal pages though I am bound to say a
+  portion here and there is respectably written.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WOMEN AND TORTOISES.</h3>
+
+  <p>I had intended sending you a paper on Bishop Taylor's <i>Similes</i>,
+  with Illustrative Notes on some Passages in his Works; but I soon found
+  that your utmost indulgence could not afford me a tithe of <!-- Page 535
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page535"></a>{535}</span>the space I
+  would require. Instead, therefore, send you an illustration of a single
+  simile, as it is short, and not the least curious in the lot:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"All <i>vertuous women</i>, <i>like tortoises</i>, carry their house
+  on their heads, and their chappel in their heart, and their danger in
+  their eye, and their souls in their hands, and God in all their
+  actions."&mdash;<i>Life of Christ</i>, Part I. s. ii. 4.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Phidias made the statue of Venus at Elis with one foot upon the
+  shell of a tortoise</i>, to signify two great duties of a virtuous woman,
+  which are to keep home and be silent."&mdash;<i>Human Prudence</i>, by W.
+  De Britaine, 12th edit.: Dublin, 1726, 12mo., p. 134.</p>
+
+  <p>"Vertuous women should keep house, and 'twas well performed and
+  ordered by the Greeks:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; mulier ne qua in publicum</p>
+      <p>Spectandam se sine arbitro pr�beat viro:'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Which made Phidias, belike, at Elis paint <i>Venus treading on a
+  tortoise</i>: a symbole of women's silence and housekeeping.... I know
+  not what philosopher he was, that would have women come but thrice abroad
+  all their time, to be <i>baptized</i>, <i>married</i>, <i>and buried</i>;
+  but he was too straitlaced."&mdash;Burton's <i>Anat. Mel.</i>, part iii.
+  sec. 3. mem. 4. subs. 2.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Apelles us'd to paint a good housewife upon a snayl</i>; which
+  intimated that she should be as slow from gadding abroad, and when she
+  went she shold carry her house upon her back: that is, she shold make all
+  sure at home. Now, to a good housewife, her house shold be as the sphere
+  to a star (I do not mean a <i>wandring</i> star), wherin she shold
+  twinckle as a star in its orb."&mdash;Howell's <i>Parly of Beasts</i>:
+  Lond. 1660, p. 58.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The last passage reminds us of the fine lines of Donne (addressed to
+  <i>both</i> sexes):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Be then thine own home, and in thyself dwell;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Inn anywhere;</p>
+      <p>And seeing the <i>snail</i>, which everywhere doth roam,</p>
+      <p>Carrying his own home still, still is at home,</p>
+      <p>Follow (for he is easy-paced) this <i>snail</i>:</p>
+      <p>Be thine own palace, or the world's thy jail."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WEATHER RULES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 373. 522. 599. 627.)</p>
+
+  <p>J. A., Jun., being desirous of forming a list of weather rules, I send
+  the following, in the hope that they may be acceptable to him, and
+  interesting to those of your readers who have never met with the old
+  collection from which they are taken.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>English.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>In April, Dove's-flood is worth a king's good.</p>
+      <p>Winter thunder, a summer's wonder.</p>
+      <p>March dust is worth a king's ransom.</p>
+      <p>A cold May and a windy, makes a fat barn and findy.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Spanish.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>April and May, the keys of the year.</p>
+      <p>A cold April, much bread and little wine.</p>
+      <p>A year of snow, a year of plenty.</p>
+      <p>A red morning, wind or rain.</p>
+      <p>The moon with a circle brings water in her beak.</p>
+      <p>Bearded frost, forerunner of snow.</p>
+      <p>Neither give credit to a clear winter nor cloudy spring.</p>
+      <p>Clouds above, water below.</p>
+      <p>When the moon is in the wane do not sow anything.</p>
+      <p>A red sun has water in his eye.</p>
+      <p>Red clouds in the east, rain the next day.</p>
+      <p>An eastern wind carrieth water in his hand.</p>
+      <p>A March sun sticks like a lock of wool.</p>
+      <p>When there is a spring in winter, and a winter in spring, the year is never good.</p>
+      <p>When it rains in August, it rains wine or honey.</p>
+      <p>The circle of the moon never filled a pond, but the circle of the sun wets a shepherd.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Italian.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Like a March sun, which heats but doth not melt.</p>
+      <p>Dearth under water, bread under snow.</p>
+      <p>Young and old must go warm at Martlemas.</p>
+      <p>When the cock drinks in summer, it will rain a little after.</p>
+      <p>As Mars hasteneth all the humours feel it.</p>
+      <p>In August, neither ask for olives, chesnuts, nor acorns.</p>
+      <p>January commits the fault, and May bears the blame.</p>
+      <p>A year of snow, a year of plenty.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>French.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>When it thunders in March, we may cry Alas!</p>
+      <p>A dry year never beggars the master.</p>
+      <p>An evening red, and a morning grey, makes a pilgrim sing.</p>
+      <p>January or February do fill or empty the granary.</p>
+      <p>A dry March, a snowy February, a moist April, and a dry May, presage a good year.</p>
+      <p>To St. Valentine the spring is a neighbour.</p>
+      <p>At St. Martin's winter is in his way.</p>
+      <p>A cold January, a feverish February, a dusty March, a weeping April, a windy May, presage a good year and gay.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Winthrop.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.</h3>
+
+  <p>I now send you a list of Occasional Forms of Prayer in my own
+  possession, in the hope that the example may be followed by other
+  individuals.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer table twise a Weke, and also an
+  Order of Publique Fast to be used every Wednesday, &amp;c. during this
+  time of Mortalitie, &amp;c. London, 1563.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This was the first published occasional form of the reign of
+  Elizabeth.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 536 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page536"></a>{536}</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer every Sunday, Wednesday, and
+  Friday throughout the whole Realme: to excite and stirre up all Godly
+  People to pray for the Preservation of those Christians and their
+  Countreys that are now invaded by the Turke in Hungary or elsewhere. Set
+  fourthe by The Reverend Father in God, Matthew, Archbishop of Cantaburie.
+  Imprinted by Richarde Jugge and John Cawood. 4to.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There is no date; but it is ascertained that this form was put forth
+  in the year 1566.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>The Order of Prayer and other Exercises upon Wednesdays and Fridays,
+  &amp;c. 4to. Christopher Barker. 1580.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This was put forth in consequence of an earthquake.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Prayers. 1584.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>They consist of "A Prayer for all Kings," &amp;c., "A Prayer for the
+  Queene," &amp;c., and "A Prayer in the Parliament onely." They are
+  appended to <i>Treasons of Pary</i>, forming part of the volume.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Safety of Her Majesty.
+  1594.</p>
+
+  <p>Certaine Prayers set forth by Authoritie to be used for the Prosperous
+  Successe of her Majesties Forces and Navy. 4to. The Deputies of
+  Christopher Barker, 1597.</p>
+
+  <p>An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving (necessary in these dangerous
+  Times) for the Safety of her Majestie and the Realme. 4to. The Deputies
+  of C. Barker. <i>No date.</i></p>
+
+  <p>An Order for Publike Prayers within the Province of Canterbury. No
+  date. By the Queen's Printer.</p>
+
+  <p>Prayers for the Queen's safe Deliverance, London, 1605.</p>
+
+  <p>Form of Prayer, &amp;c. Nov. 5. London, 1605.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The original edition.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form of Prayer, &amp;c., Nov. 5. London, 1620.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. for the 5th of August, being the Day of His Highnesse's
+  happy Deliverance from the Earle of Gowry. London, 1623.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast during the Plague. 1625.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The "Prayer for the Parliament" appears for the first time in this
+  form.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. War and Pestilence. 1626.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. War. 1628.</p>
+
+  <p>Forme of Prayer, &amp;c. for averting God's heauy Visitation, &amp;c.
+  1636.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This is the form which was attacked by Burton and Prynne, and on which
+  a charge was raised against Laud.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. Plague. 1640</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. War. Oxford, 1643.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This is the form authorised by Charles I. to be used at the
+  commencement of the war. It is frequently alluded to by the Parliamentary
+  writers of the period. The House of Commons had ordered a monthly fast,
+  and Charles commanded that the second Friday in every month should be set
+  apart for the same purpose. This form was to be used on such
+  occasions.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. Oxford, 1643.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The same as the preceding, but a different edition, one being in
+  black-letter, the other in Roman. Both were printed in Oxford, and in the
+  same year.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Collection of Prayers and Thanksgivings used in His Majesties Chapel
+  and in his Armies, upon occasion of the late Victories against the
+  Rebels. Oxford, 1643.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This was reprinted at York in 1644.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>The Cavaliers' New Common Prayer Booke, unclasp't. Reprinted at
+  London, with some briefe and necessary Obseruations to refute the Lyes
+  and Scandalls that are contained in it. 1644.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This is a reprint of the preceding form, with a scurrilous preface and
+  observations. The prayers are given as they stand in the Royal form, but
+  with parenthetical sentences of a most abusive character after almost
+  every paragraph. Thus, after the clause, "Pity a despised Church," the
+  authors add, "You mean the prelates and their hierarchy." After the next
+  clause, "and a distracted State," they add, "made so by your wicked
+  party." In one of the thanksgivings, after "Glory be to God," we have,
+  "Your mock prayers defraud Him of His glory." Then, after the words "We
+  praise thee, we bless thee," &amp;c., from the Communion Office, we have,
+  "Softly, lest you want breath, and thank the old Common Prayer Book for
+  that."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Private Forms for these Sad Times. Oxford, 1645.</p>
+
+  <p>A Form of Thanksgiving, to be used the Seventh Day of September,
+  thorowout the Diocese of Lincoln, and in the Jurisdiction of
+  Westminster.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This remarkable form has no date, but it was put forth by Williams,
+  then Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of Westminster, in the year 1641. The
+  House of Commons had ordered a day of Thanksgiving; but they were greatly
+  offended with Williams, on account of this form, and, instead of going to
+  St. Margaret's Church as usual, where it was ordered to be read, they
+  attended divine service, after their own fashion, in the chapel of
+  Lincoln's Inn.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Supply of Prayers for the Ships of this Kingdom that want Ministers
+  to pray with them agreeable to the Directory, &amp;c. London. Published
+  by authority.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A Presbyterian form, and the only one ever published by men who
+  decried all forms. It was put forth, as the preface admits, because the
+  sailors clung to the Book of Common Prayer.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Prayers to be used in the Armies. 1648.</p>
+
+  <p>A Form of Prayer used at His Majesties Chapel at the Hague. 1650.</p>
+
+  <p>Prayers for those who mourn, &amp;c. 1659.</p>
+
+  <p>Form of Common Prayer, to be used on the Thirtieth of January, &amp;c.
+  1661.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This form differs materially from that subsequently put forth by
+  Convocation, with the revised Prayer Book of 1662. There was also another
+  form still earlier, in the year 1661, in which some singular and
+  obnoxious petitions relative to Charles I. were found. <!-- Page 537
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page537"></a>{537}</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, to be used on the 29th of May,
+  1661.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The original edition. It differs from that which was sanctioned by
+  Convocation and published in 1662.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form of Prayer, &amp;c. June 12. Fast during a Dearth. 1661.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast during a Sickness. 1661.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast, to implore a Blessing on the Naval Forces. April
+  5, 1665.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Thanksgiving for Victory by Naval Forces. July 4,
+  1665.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast, on occasion of the Fire of London, 1666.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Thanksgiving for Victories at Sea. 1666.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1674.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1678.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. Dublin, 1678.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. Dublin, 1679. To seek Reconciliation with God, and
+  to implore Him that he would infatuate and defeat the Counsels of the
+  Papists our Enemies. By the Lord Lieutenant.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1680.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Thanksgiving. 1683. For the discovery of Treason.</p>
+
+  <p>Form, &amp;c. Thanksgiving. 1685.</p>
+
+  <p>Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving for 29th May, 1685.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>First edition of this reign. It was altered by the authority of the
+  Crown.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form of Prayer, &amp;c. January 30, 1685.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>First edition of this reign.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Form of Prayer, &amp;c. February 6, 1685.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The accession service of James II.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Form or Order of Thanksgiving, to be used, &amp;c. in behalf of the
+  King, the Queen, and the Royal Family, upon occasion of the Queen's being
+  with Child. 1687.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This form was the occasion of much comment at the time.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, &amp;c., for the Birth of the
+  Prince. 1688.</p>
+
+  <p>A Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1689.</p>
+
+  <p>A Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1690.</p>
+
+  <p>A Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1694.</p>
+
+  <p>A Form, &amp;c. Fast. 1714. Thanksgiving on the Accession of George
+  I.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Lathbury.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bristol.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Chair Moving.</i>&mdash;Recent occurrences made me look back at
+  Glanvill's <i>Blow at Modern Sadducism</i>, and I observed that in his
+  account of the "D�mon of Tedworth," who was supposed to haunt the house
+  of Mr. Mompesson, and who was the original of Addison's "drummer," it is
+  stated that on the 5th November, 1662, "in the sight and presence of the
+  company, the chairs walked about the room," p. 124.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph on Politian in the Church of the Annunciation at
+  Florence.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Politianus in hoc tumulo jacet Angelus, unum</p>
+      <p>Qui caput, et linguas (res nova) tres habuit."&mdash;From <i>Travels of Sir John Reresby</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">Y. B. N. J.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The following translation of this epitaph is given in the <i>Ency.
+  Britannica</i>, but it is there stated to be in St. Mark's, Florence:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Here lies Politian, who, things strange indeed,</p>
+      <p>Had, when alive, three tongues, and but one head."]</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"She was&mdash;my words are wanting to say what.</p>
+      <p>Think what a woman should be&mdash;she was that."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Which provoked the following reply:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"A woman should be both a wife and mother,</p>
+      <p>But Jenny Jones was neither one nor t'other."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The early Delights of Philadelphia.</i>&mdash;In Gabriel Thomas's
+  <i>Description of the Settlement of Philadelphia</i> occurs the following
+  passage:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In the said city are several good schools of learning for youth, for
+  the attainment of arts and sciences, also reading and writing. Here is to
+  be had, on any day in the week, cakes, tarts, and pies; we have also
+  several cook-shops, both roasting and boiling, as in the city of London:
+  happy blessings, for which we owe the highest gratitude to our plentiful
+  Provider, the great Creator of heaven and earth."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Is not this a superb jumble?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Leguleian.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Misapplication of Terms.</i>&mdash;<i>Legend</i> is a thing "to be
+  read" (<i>legendum</i>), but it is often improperly applied to traditions
+  and <i>oral</i> communications. Of this there have been some instances in
+  "N. &amp; Q." One has just turned up, Vol. v., p. 196.: "I send you these
+  legends <i>as I have heard them from the lips</i> of my nurse, a native
+  of the parish."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Plantin" Bibles in 1600.</i>&mdash;While looking over the
+  "Stackhouse Library" (see "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. viii., p. 327.), I observed
+  on the fly-leaf of an Hebrew Bible, 1600 (<span class="scac">A</span>.
+  100 in catalogue), a short MS. memorandum, which I think worth
+  preserving. It ran as follows:</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr">
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="right"><i>�</i></td><td align="right"><i>s.</i></td><td align="right"><i>d.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td>"Plantin Heb. Bible, interlineing costes &nbsp;</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">10</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;Plantin in octavo</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;Buxtorf's Biblia in two vols.</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">10</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;Hebw Bible, 4to. 2 vols.</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;Inne 16<sup>o</sup> 8 vols.</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td>"</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ancient Gold Collar found in Staffordshire.</i>&mdash;It may
+  probably interest some of your readers to <!-- Page 538 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page538"></a>{538}</span>know that a very
+  ancient golden collar was lately found in the village of Stanton,
+  Staffordshire, which is about three miles north of Ashbourne.</p>
+
+  <p>A labourer digging up a field, which had not been ploughed or dug up
+  in the memory of man, turned up the collar, which, being curled up at the
+  time, sprang up, and the labourer taking it for a snake, struck it out of
+  his way with his spade: the next morning it was discovered not to be a
+  snake. Unfortunately the blow had broken off a small piece at one end.
+  The collar is now in the possession of the person with whom the curate of
+  Stanton lodges. The description given to me is, that it is about two feet
+  long, and formed of three pieces of gold twined together, and, with the
+  above exception, in a very good state of preservation.</p>
+
+  <p>I hear that there is a similar collar in the British Museum, that was
+  found in Ireland, but none that was found in England; and that the
+  authorities of the Museum have been informed of this collar, but have
+  taken no steps to obtain possession of it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. G. C.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Our correspondent is under an erroneous impression as to gold torques
+  not being found in England. Several are figured in the
+  <i>Arch�ologia</i>, and we have some reason to believe that the torque
+  now described, and of which we should be glad to receive any farther
+  particulars, resembles one which formed part of the celebrated Polden
+  find described by Mr. Harford in the fourteenth volume of the
+  <i>Arch�ologia</i>, and figured at p. 90.; and also that found at Boyton
+  in Suffolk in 1835, and engraved in the <i>Arch�ologia</i>, vol. xxvi. p.
+  471.&mdash;<span class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>PICTURES IN HAMPTON COURT PALACE.</h3>
+
+  <p>There are two or three of these concerning which I should be obliged
+  to any reader of your publication who would satisfy my Queries.</p>
+
+  <p>No. 119., "The Battle of Forty," by P. Snayers. This seems a kind of
+  <i>combat � outrance</i> of knights <i>arm�s de pied en cap</i>. Where
+  can I find any account or detail of it?</p>
+
+  <p>No. 314., "Mary of Lorraine, mother of Mary Queen of Scots." This is a
+  very pleasing picture, in good preservation, and as it was not in its
+  present position two years ago, I conclude it has recently been added.
+  She was ninth child of Claude de Lorraine, first Duc de Guise, born in
+  1515, and married in 1538 to James V. of Scotland, and she died in the
+  forty-fifth year of her age, 10th June, 1560. There are the arms of the
+  Guise family in the right-hand corner, with a date of 1611. Pray by whom
+  was it painted, and where can find any notices respecting it?</p>
+
+  <p>No. 166., "George III. reviewing the 10th Light Dragoons, commanded by
+  the Prince of Wales." This picture was considered the <i>chef
+  d'&oelig;uvre</i> of Sir William Beechey, and was painted in 1798; and it
+  has been supposed the likeness of the Duke of York was the best taken of
+  that Prince. Could any reader inform me on what day this review took
+  place?<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>When one sees a picture of Shakspeare, No. 276., and more especially
+  in the palace of his cotemporary sovereigns, one is naturally led to
+  inquire into its authenticity. I am therefore desirous to obtain some
+  information relative to it.</p>
+
+  <p>In "N. &amp; Q.," vol. vi., p. 197., you had several correspondents
+  inquiring concerning the custom of royalty dining in public: perhaps it
+  may interest them to know that there are two very attractive pictures of
+  this ceremony in this collection, numbered 293 and 294: the first is of
+  Charles I. and Henrietta Maria; the other Frederick V., Count Palatine
+  and King of Bohemia, who married Elizabeth, daughter of James I. These
+  two pictures are by Van Bassen, of whom, perhaps, some correspondent may
+  be enabled to give an account.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Phi;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Richmond, Surrey.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>George III. had one or two copies of this picture taken for him; and
+  there is a curious circumstance relative to one of these, which Lady
+  Chatterton mentions in her <i>Home Sketches</i>, published in three vols.
+  8vo., 1841: "In one respect the picture (which George III. gave to Lord
+  Sidmouth, and which the latter had put up at the stone lodge in Richmond
+  New Park) differs from the original at Hampton Court: it is singular
+  enough that in this copy the figure of the Prince is omitted, <i>which
+  was done by the King's desire</i>, and is a striking and rather comical
+  proof of the dislike which he felt towards his son. When the Prince
+  became King, he dined here, and remarked to Lord Sidmouth that his
+  portrait had been omitted, and hinted that it ought to be restored. This,
+  however, was evaded, and the copy remains in its original
+  state."&mdash;Vol. i. pp. 18, 19.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Helmets.</i>&mdash;What is the antiquity of the practice of placing
+  helmets over the shields of armorial bearings; and what are the varieties
+  of helmets in regard to the rank or degree of persons?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. N.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Nursrow.</i>&mdash;What is the origin of the word
+  <i>Nursrow</i>, a name applied by Plott, in his <i>History of
+  Staffordshire</i>, to the shrew mouse, and by the common people in
+  Cheshire at the present day to the field-mouse; or rather, perhaps,
+  indiscriminately to field and shrew mice?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>City Bellmen.</i>&mdash;When were city bellmen first established?
+  By whom appointed? What were their duties? What and how were they paid?
+  What have been their employment and duties down to the present day?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Crito.</span></p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 539 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page539"></a>{539}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Pope's Elegy on an Unfortunate Lady.</i>&mdash;In the new editions
+  of Pope's <i>Works</i>, in course of publication, edited by Mr.
+  Carruthers, Inverness, it is conjectured that the poet threw "ideal
+  circumstances" into his most pathetic and melodious elegy, and "when he
+  came to publish his letters, put wrong initials, as in other instances,
+  to conceal the real names" (Pope's <i>Poet. Works</i>, Ingram, Cook, and
+  Co., vol. ii. p. 184.). The initials are Mrs. W., niece of Lady A. I have
+  always thought that a clue might be obtained to the name of this lady, by
+  following up the hints in Pope's printed correspondence. Mrs. or Miss W.
+  is mentioned or alluded to by Craggs and Pope, in connexion with the
+  characters in the <i>Rape of the Lock</i>. One suggests the other.
+  Inquiry should be directed to the families of Fernor of Tusmore, Lord
+  Petre, and Sir George Brown. But I have heard a tradition in a Catholic
+  family in the north of England that the lady was a Blount; probably one
+  of the Blounts of Soddington, or of some one of the numerous branches of
+  that ancient family.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">An Inquirer.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."</i>&mdash;In what author
+  may this passage be found?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">E. P. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Clapham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in the "Christian Year."</i>&mdash;In the beautiful lines
+  on Confirmation in this work, the following verse occurs:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Steady and pure as stars that beam</p>
+      <p class="i1">In middle heaven, all mist above,</p>
+      <p>Seen deepest in the frozen stream:&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Such is their high courageous love."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I should be grateful for an explanation of the <i>third</i> line.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. A. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>David's Mother.</i>&mdash;I used to think it was impossible to
+  ascertain from the Old Testament the name of David's mother. In the
+  <i>Genealogies recorded in the Sacred Scriptures</i>, by J.&nbsp;S. (usually
+  assumed to stand for John Speed, the historian and geographer), the name
+  of the Psalmist's mother is given "Nahash." Can this be made out
+  satisfactorily? Will the text 2 Sam. xvii. 25., as compared with 1 Chron.
+  ii. 15., warrant it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Y. B. N. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Emblems.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me what are the
+  emblematic meanings of the different precious stones, or of any of them?
+  or in what work I shall find them described?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira."</i>&mdash;In an appeal to
+  the Privy Council from Madras, the above unparalleled long word occurs as
+  the descriptions of an estate. I believe that its extreme length and
+  unpronounceable appearance is without an equal. Can any of your readers
+  acquainted with Indian literature translate it? if so, it would greatly
+  oblige</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. J. G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Quid facies," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;I have lately met with the
+  following curious play on words in an old MS. book. Can any of your
+  correspondents give any account of it?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Quid facies, facies Veneris si veneris ante?</p>
+      <p class="i1">Ne pereas, per eas; ne sedeas, sed eas!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Will of Peter the Great.</i>&mdash;M. Lamartini�re, in a French
+  pamphlet on the Eastern question, gives a document in several articles
+  containing advice with respect to the policy of his successors on the
+  throne of Russia, in which he advises her to make great advances in the
+  direction of Constantinople, India, &amp;c., and advocates the partition
+  of Poland. Upon what authority does this document rest? and who is M.
+  Lamartini�re?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. J. Allen.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare.</i>&mdash;In the preface to
+  <i>Lectures on English Poetry, being the Remains of the late Henry
+  Neele</i> (Lond. 1830), mention is made of a new edition of Shakspeare's
+  dramatic works, "under the superintendence of Mr. Neele as editor, for
+  which his enthusiastic reverence for the poet of 'all time' peculiarly
+  fitted him, but which, from the want of patronage, terminated after the
+  publication of a very few numbers." These very few numbers must have
+  appeared about 1824-1827; yet the answer to my repeated inquiries after
+  them in London is always "We cannot hear of them." Can any one give me
+  farther information?&mdash;From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>MS. by Rubens on Painting.</i>&mdash;May I inquire of <span
+  class="sc">M. Philar�te Chasles</span> whether he ever saw or heard of a
+  manuscript said to be written in Latin by Rubens, and existing in the
+  <i>Biblioth�que Nationale</i> at Paris? One or two fragments have
+  occasionally been quoted: I think one may be found in Sir Joshua
+  Reynolds' <i>Discourses</i>, and the same is used by Burnet in his work
+  on painting; but no authority is given as to the source of the
+  information.<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>If such a work can be found, it would confer a great boon upon the
+  profession of the fine arts, if it were brought to light without
+  delay.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>[This may probably be Rubens's MS. Album, of which an account is given
+  in Vertue's <i>Anecdotes of Painting</i>, vol. ii. pp. 185,
+  186.&mdash;<span class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Peter Allan.</i>&mdash;Will some correspondent of "N. &amp; Q."
+  afford information as to the exact date and place of birth of the
+  celebrated Peter Allan, whose cave at Sunderland is regarded as one of
+  the principal curiosities of the north of England? <!-- Page 540 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page540"></a>{540}</span>What is known of his
+  general history; and is any member of his family now living?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Haschisch or Indian Hemp.</i>&mdash;I have been for some time
+  trying to procure some of the <i>Haschisch</i>, or Indian hemp, about
+  which Dr. Moreau has published such an amusing book, <i>Du Haschisch et
+  de l'Ali�nation Mentale</i>, Par. 1845.&mdash;Can any of your readers
+  tell me where I can get any? The narcotic effects of the common hemp
+  plant are well known in our country districts: where, under its ironical
+  alias <i>Honesty</i>, the dried stalk is often smoked, but the tropical
+  variety appears to be infinitely more powerful in its operation.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Crieff Compensation.</i>&mdash;During the rebellion in 1715, the
+  village of Crieff, Perthshire, was burnt by the Highland army, on account
+  of the attachment of its inhabitants to the royal cause. It has been
+  stated that, some years ago, the descendants of the sufferers received
+  from government a sum equivalent to a certain proportion of the loss
+  which had been sustained.</p>
+
+  <p>Is there any official record in reference to this compensation?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Admission to Lincoln's Inn, the Temple, and Gray's
+  Inn.</i>&mdash;Have there ever been published, or do there exist anywhere
+  in MSS., lists of the persons who have been from time to time
+  matriculated as students of those inns of court?</p>
+
+  <p>A publication of them would be of the greatest value to the
+  biographical department of literature.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Orders for the Household of Lord Montagu.</i>&mdash;The second
+  Viscount Montagu, grandson and heir of Anthony Browne, created Viscount
+  in 1554, ob. 1592, compiled a detailed code of regulations for his
+  family, thus entitled:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Booke of Orders and Rules established by me, Anthony, Viscount
+  Mountague, for the better direction and government of my howsholde and
+  family, together with the generall dutyes and charges apperteyninge to
+  myne officers and other servantes. Anno D<span class="over">n</span>i
+  1595."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Has this curious illustration of ancient domestic manners ever been
+  published?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert Way.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Cateaton Street.</i>&mdash;I am anxious to ascertain the meaning
+  and derivation of this word: the London Cateaton Street, I believe, is
+  changed into Gresham Street. I have lately learnt that there is a
+  Cateaton Street in Liverpool also.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Etymo.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Cateaton Street, or "Catteten Street," says Stow, "is a corruption of
+  Catte Street, which beginneth at the north end of Ironmonger Lane, and
+  runneth to the west end of St. Lawrence Church." In 1845, this street was
+  renamed Gresham Street.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-frame.</i>&mdash;In
+  Hatton's <i>History of London</i> (published in 1708), it is stated that
+  a picture (by Balderston) of Lee, the inventor of the stocking-frame,
+  hung in the hall of the Framework Knitters' Company. The inquirer wishes
+  to ascertain whether the picture is yet in existence or not; and, if
+  still in existence, where it can be seen.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. E.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In Cunningham's <i>Handbook of London</i>, p. 527., s. v. <i>Weavers'
+  Hall, Basinghall Street</i>, is a quotation from the <i>Quarterly
+  Review</i> for January, 1816, in which the picture is spoken of as then
+  existing in the Stocking Weavers' Hall.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Cocker's Arithmetic</i> (Vol. iv., pp. 102. 149.).&mdash;Some
+  correspondence appears in "N. &amp; Q." about the first edition of "Old
+  Cocker." I should be glad to ascertain the date of the latest
+  edition.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The British Museum contains the following editions of Cocker's
+  <i>Arithmetic</i>:&mdash;the 20th, Lond. 1700; the 37th, perused and
+  published by John Hawkins (with MS. notes), Lond. 1720; 41st, Lond. 1724;
+  50th, corrected by Geo. Fisher, Lond. 1746. Watt notices one revised by
+  J. Mair, Edinb. 1751. In Professor de Morgan's <i>Arithmetical Books</i>,
+  p. 56., where a full history of Cocker's book is given, mention is made
+  of an Edinburgh edition, 1765, and a Glasgow edition of 1777.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Lyke Porch or Litch Porch.</i>&mdash;What is the proper name for
+  the porch found, not unfrequently, at the churchyard gate under which the
+  body was, I believe, supposed to rest before the funeral? Is it
+  <i>lyke</i> or <i>litch</i>? The derivation may be different in different
+  parts of England, as they were originally Saxon or Danish. <i>L�g</i>
+  Dan., <i>lyk</i> Dutch, and <i>leiche</i> Ger., are all different forms
+  of the same word. The first two approach nearer to <i>lyke</i>, the
+  latter to <i>litch</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. L.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In most works on ecclesiastical architecture it is called
+  <i>lich-gate</i>, from Anglo-Saxon <i>lich</i>, a corpse: hence
+  <i>Lich-field</i>, the field of dead bodies. In the <i>Glossary of
+  Architecture</i> we read "<i>Lich-gate</i>, or corpse-gate,
+  <i>leichengang</i>, Germ., from the Ang.-Sax. <i>lich</i>, a corpse, and
+  <i>geat</i>, a gate; a shed over the entrance of a churchyard, beneath
+  which the bearers sometimes paused when bringing a corpse for interment.
+  The term is also used in some parts of the country for the path by which
+  a corpse is usually conveyed to the church."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Henry Burton.</i>&mdash;Henry Burton was born in 1579; studied at
+  Oxford, and was at one time minister of St. Matthew, Friday Street. In
+  1636, he drew upon himself the vengeance of the Star-Chamber, by two
+  discourses in which he severely inveighed against the bishops. For this
+  offence he was fined, deprived of his ears, and sentenced to imprisonment
+  for life. He was liberated by <!-- Page 541 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page541"></a>{541}</span>the parliament in 1640, and died in 1648.
+  What theological works did he write?&mdash;From the
+  <i>Navorscher</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Dionysius.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Burton's pen was so prolific, that we cannot find room for a list of
+  his works; and must refer <span class="sc">Dionysius</span> to the
+  Bodleian Catalogue, where they fill nearly a column, and to Watt's
+  <i>Bibliotheca</i>, s.v.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>British Mathematicians.</i>&mdash;I am anxious to learn if there is
+  any book which contains an account of the lives and works of eminent
+  British arithmeticians and mathematicians?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Euclid.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Consult the following:&mdash;<i>Biographia Philosophica</i>: being an
+  Account of the Lives, Writings, and Inventions of the most eminent
+  Philosophers and Mathematicians, by Benjamin Martin: London, 1764, 8vo.
+  There is also a Chronological Table of the most eminent Mathematicians
+  affixed to John Bossut's <i>General History of Mathematics</i>,
+  translated from the French by John Bonnycastle: London, 1803, 8vo. Some
+  notices of our early English mathematicians will also be found in the
+  <i>Companion to the Almanac</i> for 1837, and in the <i>Magazine of
+  Popular Science</i>, Nos. 18. 20. and 22.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>"Les Lettres <span class="correction" title="Original reads `Juices'."
+  >Juives</span>."</i>&mdash;Will any of your correspondents inform me who
+  is the author of <i>Lettres Juives</i>? The first volume of my edition,
+  in eight volumes 12mo., has the portrait of Jean Batiste B., Marquis de
+  &mdash;&mdash;, n� le 29 Juin, 1704.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. R.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Sunderland.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>["Par le Marquis D'Argens," says Barbier.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.)</p>
+
+  <p>In replying to Professor <span class="sc">De Morgan's</span> last
+  communication on this subject, it may be as well, in order to avoid
+  future misunderstanding, to revert briefly to my original question. I
+  pointed out Ben Jonson's assertion, through a character in one of his
+  plays, that about the beginning of the seventeenth century, it was the
+  custom to regard the legal rights of majority as commencing with six
+  o'clock <span class="scac">A.M.</span>, and I asked to have that
+  assertion reconciled with our present commencement at midnight, and with
+  the statement that the latter is in accordance with the old
+  reckoning.</p>
+
+  <p>Thus I started with the production of affirmative evidence, to rebut
+  which I cannot find, in the replies of <span class="sc">Professor De
+  Morgan</span>, any negative evidence stronger than his individual
+  opinion, which, however eminent in other respects, has undoubtedly the
+  disadvantage of being two hundred years later than the contemporary
+  evidence produced by me. I afterwards cited Arthur Hopton as authority
+  that lawyers in England, in his time, did make use of a day which he
+  classifies as that of the Babylonians; but inasmuch as he apparently
+  restricts its duration to twelve hours, whereas all ancient writers
+  concur in assigning to the Babylonians a day of twenty-four hours, there
+  is evidently a mistake somewhere, attributable either to Hopton or his
+  printers.</p>
+
+  <p>This mistake may have arisen either from a misprint, or from a
+  transposition of a portion of the sentence.</p>
+
+  <p>The supposition of a misprint is favoured by the circumstance that
+  Hopton was, at the time, professing to describe natural days of
+  <i>twenty-four</i> hours; of these there are four great classes of
+  commencement, from the four principal quarters of the day; viz. from
+  midnight, from mid-day, from sun-setting and from sun-rising. Hopton had
+  already assigned three of them to different nations, and the fourth he
+  had properly assigned, so far as its commencement at sunrise was
+  concerned, to the Babylonians. What, then, can be more probable than that
+  he intended this day also, like the rest, to be of twenty-four hours'
+  duration; and that the words "holding till sun-setting" ought, perhaps,
+  to have been printed "holding till sun-<i>rising</i>?"</p>
+
+  <p>This way of reconciling seeming anomalies, by the supposition of
+  probable misprints, receives great encouragement in the occasional
+  occurrence of similar mistakes in the most carefully printed modern
+  books. I lately noticed, while reading Sir James Ross's <i>Southern
+  Voyage of Discovery</i>, a work printed by the Admiralty, and on which
+  extraordinary typographical care had been bestowed, the following, at
+  page 121. of vol. ii.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It was full moon on the 15th of September, at 5�38 <span
+  class="scac">A.M.</span>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>But the context shows that "full moon" ought to have been printed
+  <i>new moon</i>, and that "5�38 <span class="scac">A.M.</span>" outlet to
+  be 5�38 <span class="scac">P.M.</span>: and what renders these two
+  mistakes the more remarkable is, that they have no sort of connexion, nor
+  is the occurrence of the one in any way explanatory of the other.</p>
+
+  <p>Now, the misprint of "sun-setting" for <i>sun-rising</i>, which I am
+  supposing in Hopton's book, would be much more likely of occurrence than
+  these, because these form part of a series of carefully examined data
+  from which a scientific deduction is to be drawn, while Hopton's is a
+  mere loose description. And, moreover, a twenty-four hour day, commencing
+  and ending with <i>sunrise</i>, does not, after all, appear to be so
+  wholly unknown to English law as <span class="sc">Prof. De Morgan</span>
+  supposes, since Sir Edward Coke, to whom the professor especially refers,
+  describes such a day in these words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Dies naturalis constat ea 24 horis et continet diem solarem et
+  noctem; and therefore in Inditements for Burglary and the like, we say in
+  nocte ejusdem diei. Iste dies naturalis est spatium in quo sol
+  progreditur ab oriente in occidentem et ab occidente iterum in
+  orientem."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 542 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page542"></a>{542}</span></p>
+
+  <p>But there is another way of reconciling the discrepancy&mdash;Hopton
+  may not have intended the words "holding till sun-setting" to apply to
+  the Babylonians, but only to "the lawyers in England," whose day, he
+  says, <i>commenced</i> at the same time as the Babylonian day. The
+  transposition of the words in question to the end of the sentence would
+  give such a meaning, viz. "The Babylonians begin their day at sun-rising,
+  and so do our lawyers count it in England, holding till sun-setting."
+  Altered in this way, the latter clause does not necessarily apply to the
+  Babylonians.</p>
+
+  <p>Here again we have a lawyers' day almost verbally identical with one
+  assigned to them by Sir Edward Coke: "Dies artificialis sive solaris
+  incipit in ortu solis et desinit in occasu, and of this the law of
+  England takes hold <i>in many cases</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>Nor does Lord Coke strengthen or vary his description in the least,
+  when speaking of the day commencing at midnight; he uses again the same
+  expression with regard to it, "The Egyptians and Romans from midnight,
+  and so doth the law of England <i>in many cases</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>Hence the authority of Chief Justice Coke, is at best only neutral;
+  for who will undertake to prove to which of these classes of "many cases"
+  Lord Coke meant to assign the attainment of majority?</p>
+
+  <p>In support of Ben Jonson's testimony, it may be urged that the
+  midnight initial of the day was itself derived by us from the Romans; and
+  it is nearly certain that <i>they</i> did not perform any legal act,
+  connected with birthday, until the commencement of the <i>dies
+  solis</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>A proof of this may be observed in the discussion by Aulus Gellius
+  (<i>Noct. Attic.</i>, iii. 2.) as to which day, the preceding or the
+  following, a person's birth, happening in the night, was to be
+  attributed. He quotes a fragment from Varro,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Homines qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem his horis <span
+  class="scac">XXIV</span> nati sunt, uno die nati dicuntur."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>On which Gellius remarks:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"From these words it may be observed that the arrangement of (birth)
+  days was such, that to any person born after sunset, and before midnight,
+  the day from which that night had proceeded should be the birthday; but
+  to any person born during the last six hours of the night, the day which
+  should succeed that night must be the birthday."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This explanation might seem almost purposely written in reply to some
+  such difficulty as occurred to <span class="sc">Professor de
+  Morgan</span> (<i>ant�</i>, p. 250.), when he remarks that, if birthday
+  were to be confined to daylight, "a child not born by daylight would have
+  no birthday at all!" But since it was notorious amongst the Romans that
+  the civil day began at midnight, such a <i>qu�ri solitum</i> as this
+  could never have been mooted, if the birthday observance had not been
+  known and acknowledged to have a different commencement. In continuation
+  of the same subject, Gellius proceeds to quote another passage from
+  Varro, which I shall also repeat, not only as furnishing still farther
+  proof that the Romans did not regard the night as forming any part of the
+  birthday, but also as affording an opportunity of recording an opinion as
+  to the interpretation of Varro's words, which, in this passage, do not
+  appear to have ever been properly understood.</p>
+
+  <p>After stating that many persons in Umbria reckon from noon to noon as
+  one and the same day, Varro remarks:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Quod quidem nimis absurdum est; nam qui calendarum hora sexta natus
+  est apud Umbros, dies ejus natalis videri debebit et calendarum
+  dimidiatus, et qui est post calendas dies ante horam ejusdem diei
+  sextam."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Now why should <i>beginning one's birthday at noon</i> appear so
+  absurd to Varro? Simply because the hours of the night were not then
+  supposed to be included in the birthday at all, and therefore Varro could
+  not <i>realize</i> the idea of a birthday continued through the
+  night.</p>
+
+  <p>He says that, according to the Umbrian reckoning, a person born on any
+  day <i>after</i> the point of noon, would have only half a birthday on
+  that day; and for the other half, he would have to take the forenoon of
+  the following day. Varro had no notion of joining the afternoon of one
+  day to the forenoon of another, because he looked upon the unbroken
+  presence of the sun as the very essence of a natal day.</p>
+
+  <p>Nothing can be plainer than that this was the true nature of the
+  absurdity alluded to; but it would not suit the prejudices of the
+  commentators, because it would compel them to admit that <i>sexta hora
+  must have been in the afternoon</i>, in opposition to their favourite
+  dogma that it was always in the forenoon.</p>
+
+  <p>For if Varro had intended to represent sexta hora in the
+  <i>forenoon</i>, he would have said that the other half-day must be taken
+  from the <i>after</i>noon of the <i>pridie</i>, instead of saying, as he
+  does say, that it must be taken from the <i>fore</i>noon of the
+  <i>postridie</i> of the Calends.</p>
+
+  <p>Consequently, Varro means by "qui Calendarum hora sexta natus est," a
+  person born in the sixth hour of the day of the Calends; the sixth hour
+  being that which immediately succeeded noon&mdash;the <i>media hora</i>
+  of Ovid. But what Varro more immediately means by it is, not any
+  particular point of time, but generally any time <i>after noon</i> on the
+  day of the Calends.</p>
+
+  <p>That the true position of <i>sexta hora</i>, when implying duration,
+  was in the afternoon, has long been a conviction of mine; and I have
+  elsewhere produced undeniable evidence that it was so <!-- Page 543
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page543"></a>{543}</span>considered by
+  ancient authors. But this passage from Varro is a new and hitherto
+  unnoticed proof, and certainly it ought to be a most convincing one,
+  because it seems impossible to give Varro's words a rational meaning
+  without the admission of this hypothesis, while with it everything is
+  clear and consistent.</p>
+
+  <p>The commentators, driven by the necessity I have just pointed out,
+  either to admit the afternoon position of <i>sexta hora</i>, or to
+  abstain from reading it as a <i>space</i> of time, have attempted to
+  force a meaning by reading <i>sexta hora</i> in its other sense, an
+  absolute mathematical point, the <i>punctus ipse</i> of noon.</p>
+
+  <p>In so doing they have not scrupled to libel Varro's common sense; they
+  represent his idea of the absurd to consist in the embarrassment that
+  would be caused by the birth occurring at the critical moment of
+  change,&mdash;split as it were <i>upon the knife-edge of noon</i>; so
+  that, in the doubt that would arise as to which day it should belong, it
+  must be attributed partly to both!</p>
+
+  <p>This interpretation is so monstrous, and so evidently wide of the
+  meaning of the words, that its serious imputation would scarcely be
+  believed, if it were not embalmed in the Delphin edition of Aulus
+  Gellius, where we read the following footnote referring to the
+  <i>argumentum ad absurdum</i> of Varro:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Infirmum omnino argumentum, et quod perinde potest in ipsum Varronem
+  retorqueri. Quid enim? Si quis apud Romanos Calendis hora vi. noctis
+  fuerit natus, nonne pariter dies ejus natalis videri debebit, et partim
+  Calendarum, et partim ejus dici qui sequetur?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is not worth while to inquire what may have been the precise
+  dilemma contemplated by the writer of this note, since most certainly it
+  is not a reflex of Varro's meaning. The word <i>dimidiatus</i> is
+  completely cushioned, although Gellius himself has a chapter upon it a
+  little farther on in the same volume.</p>
+
+  <p>The anomaly that amused Varro was the necessity of piecing together
+  two halves not belonging to the same individual day and with the hiatus
+  of a night between them; a necessity that would assuredly appear most
+  absurd to one who had no other idea of birthday than the twelve
+  consecutive hours of artificial day, which he would call "the natural
+  day."</p>
+
+  <p>This proneness of the Romans to look upon the <i>dies solis</i> as the
+  only effective part of the twenty-four hours, is again apparent in their
+  commencement of horary notation at sunrise, six hours later than the
+  actual commencement of the day. And in our own anomalous repetition of
+  twice twelve, we may still trace the remains of the twelve-hour day; we
+  have changed the initial point, but we have retained the measure of
+  duration.</p>
+
+  <p>It is, however, certain that the two methods of reckoning time
+  continued for a long time to exist contemporaneously. Hence it became
+  necessary to distinguish one from the other <i>by name</i>, and thus the
+  notation from midnight gave rise, as I have remarked in one of my papers
+  on Chaucer, to the English idiomatic phrase "of the clock;" or the
+  reckoning of the clock, commencing at midnight, as distinguished from
+  Roman equinoctial hours, commencing at six o'clock <span
+  class="scac">A.M.</span> This was what Ben Jonson was meaning by
+  attainment of majority at <i>six o'clock</i>, and not, as <span
+  class="sc">Professor De Morgan</span> supposes, "probably a certain
+  sunrise." Actual sunrise had certainly nothing to do with the technical
+  commencement of the day in Ben Jonson's time. For convenience sake, six
+  o'clock had long been taken <i>as conventional sunrise all the year
+  round</i>; and even amongst the Romans themselves, equinoctial hours were
+  frequently used at all seasons. Actual sunrise, in after times, had only
+  to do with "hours inequall," which are said to have fallen into disuse,
+  in common life, so early as the fifth or sixth century.</p>
+
+  <p>I trust I may now have shown reasonable grounds for the belief that
+  Ben Jonson may, after all, have had better authority than his license as
+  a dramatic poet, for dating the attainment of majority at six o'clock
+  <span class="scac">A.M.</span>; and that nothing short of contemporary
+  evidence directly contradictory of the custom so circumstantially alluded
+  to by him, ought to be held sufficient to throw discredit upon it. It is
+  one of the singular coincidences attending the discussion of this matter
+  by Gellius, that, at the conclusion of the chapter I have been
+  expatiating upon, he should cite the authority of Virgil; observing that
+  the testimony of <i>poets</i> is very valuable upon such subjects, even
+  when veiled in the obscurity of poetic imagery.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. E. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leeds.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p 429.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your Correspondent <span class="sc">Prof. De Morgan</span> has so
+  ingeniously analysed the facts, which he already possesses, bearing on
+  the connexion of Sir Isaac Newton's niece with Lord Halifax, and her
+  designation in the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, that I am tempted to
+  furnish him with some additional evidence. This question of Mrs.
+  Catherine Barton's widowhood has often been canvassed by that portion of
+  her relatives who do not possess the custody of Sir Isaac Newton's
+  private letters.</p>
+
+  <p>The Montagues had a residence in the village of Bregstock in
+  Northamptonshire, where the Bartons lived. The Bartons were a family of
+  good descent, and had long been lessees of the crown with the Montagues
+  for lands near Braystock.</p>
+
+  <p>There were several Colonel Bartons, whose respective ages and
+  relationship can best be <!-- Page 544 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page544"></a>{544}</span>exhibited by a short pedigree. Thomas
+  Barton had two sons, Thomas and Robert.</p>
+
+  <p>Robert (born in 1630, and who died in 1693) married Hannah Smith,
+  Newton's half-sister, by whom he had Hannah (born 1678), Catherine (born
+  1679, died 1739), Colonel Robert (born 1684).</p>
+
+  <p>Thomas (born in 1619, died in 1704) married Alice Palmer, by whom he
+  had Thomas, who married Mary Dale, by whom he had Thomas (d. s. p.),
+  Colonel Matthew (born 1672), Colonel Noel (born 1674, died 1714). Thomas
+  had a second son, Geoffrey, who married Elizabeth &mdash;&mdash;, by whom
+  he had Charles (born 1700), Cutts (born 1706), Catherine (born 1709),
+  Montague (born 1717), and others.</p>
+
+  <p>In a family paper written by a granddaughter of Colonel Noel Barton,
+  at her mother's dictation, it is stated that Colonel Matthew married a
+  relative of Sir Isaac Newton, and was Comptroller of the Mint; but this
+  paper is not very correct in its other statements.</p>
+
+  <p>On the other hand, a connexion of the family who signs himself H. in
+  an old number of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, says of Newton:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He had a half-sister, who had a daughter, to whom he gave the best of
+  educations, the famous witty Miss Barton, who married Mr. Conduit of the
+  Mint."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mr. Conduit writes, that his wife lived twenty years before and after
+  her marriage with Sir Issac.</p>
+
+  <p>I had always thought that Catherine Barton's brother Robert had died
+  too early to attain the rank of Colonel. In the British Museum, in the
+  Register, there is an account of a sermon preached at the funeral of
+  Robert Barton in the year 1703. I could not find the sermon.</p>
+
+  <p>The famous Duchess of Marlborough thus satirises Mouse Montague:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He was a frightful figure, and yet pretended to be a lover; and
+  followed several beauties, who laughed at him for it."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is worth mentioning that Colonel Noel Barton died in London in
+  1714, while in attendance on his patron Lord Gainsborough, soon after he
+  had been appointed Governor of the Leeward Islands. This was the year
+  before Lord Halifax's <i>Life</i> was written, and possibly might have
+  been the cause of the designation "Widow" being applied to Catherine
+  Barton by mistake. Whatever the connexion of this lady with Lord Halifax
+  may have been, it does not seem to have given any offence to her
+  relatives. You will observe that Geoffrey Barton names his sons Charles
+  and Montague, and his daughter Catherine. Charles afterwards received the
+  rectory of St. Andrew's Holborn from the family of Montague; and Cutts
+  was Dean of Bristol under Bishop Montague. And Montague obtained
+  preferment from Mr. Conduit. Neither the family of Montague, nor that of
+  Barton, seem to have thought the connexion discreditable. Moreover, the
+  births of these children of Geoffrey Barton, a clergyman, occurred at the
+  very period when the name of Catherine should have been most distasteful,
+  had the intimacy been dishonourable.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Conduit died in the year 1738, and Mrs. Conduit in the year 1739;
+  and Catherine Conduit did not become Lady Lymington till 1740. Probably
+  both Mr. and Mrs. Conduit made wills. Have they been examined at Doctors'
+  Commons?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. W. J.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MILTON'S WIDOW.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471.)</p>
+
+  <p>It is pleasing to find so much interest excited among the readers of
+  "N. &amp; Q." relative to the parentage of this lady; and we may fairly
+  hope that the spirit of research which has thus been awakened, will not
+  die away until the last spark of error and mystery has been
+  extinguished.</p>
+
+  <p>T. L. P. has favoured us with quotations from a little pamphlet,
+  entitled <i>Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its
+  Neighbourhood</i>. Now, after giving this work a most careful perusal, I
+  cannot but think that the title of the book is, in this instance at
+  least, a misnomer. The authoress, for it was written by a lady long
+  resident in the vicinity, has evidently wrought upon the foundations of
+  others; and taking the veteran Ormerod as a sufficient authority, has
+  given full vent to her imagination, and pictured, with "no 'prentice
+  hand," the welcome visits of Milton to Stoke Hall, a place which, in all
+  probability, was never once honoured with the presence of this great man.
+  There is no evidence whatever adduced to give even the semblance of
+  colour to this unfortunate error; whereas, on the side of the Wistaston
+  family, the proofs of its identity as the family of Mrs. Milton are
+  numerous and, to my notion, incontrovertible.</p>
+
+  <p>As if, indeed, to give us "confirmation sure" of the truth of this
+  position, our old friend <span class="sc">Cranmore</span> starts up,
+  "like a spirit from the vasty deep," and, after an absence of many months
+  from our ranks, pays off his ancient score by producing the evidence he
+  so long ago promised us. From it we gather that Thomas Paget, the father,
+  named his <i>cousin</i> Minshull, apothecary in Manchester, overseer of
+  his will; and that his son, Nathan Paget, eighteen years afterwards,
+  names in his will John Goldsmith and Elizabeth Milton as <i>his
+  cousins</i>, and makes bequests to them accordingly. Now, it so happens
+  that Thomas, son of Richard Minshull of Wistaston, was an
+  <i>apothecary</i>, and that he settled in <i>Manchester</i>, and
+  thereupon founded the family of Minshull of Manchester. This <!-- Page
+  545 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page545"></a>{545}</span>gentleman
+  was doubtless the <i>cousin</i> referred to in the will of the elder
+  Paget. It farther happens, that Thomas Minshull, the grandfather of this
+  Manchester apothecary, married a daughter of Goldsmith of Nantwich. The
+  John Goldsmith of the Middle Temple would then doubtless be the nephew or
+  grand-nephew of this lady, and in either case a <i>cousin</i> of Thomas
+  Minshull of Manchester, and of Elizabeth Minshull of Wistaston. This is
+  another, if not a completing link in the genealogical chain, and
+  convinces me, now more than ever, of the correctness of my
+  conclusions.</p>
+
+  <p>I may add that the whole of the deeds referred to by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> are now in the safe and worthy keeping of
+  Mr. J. Fitchett Marsh of Warrington; and that they are published <i>in
+  extenso</i>, together with a valuable essay on their historical
+  importance by their present possessor, in the first volume of
+  <i>Miscellanies</i> issued by the Chetham Society.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ANTICIPATORY USE OF THE CROSS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 132. 417.)</p>
+
+  <p>I am not sure that any of your correspondents have noticed the
+  resemblance between the letter T t, especially in some of its ancient
+  forms, and the form of the cross. In the Greek, Etruscan, and Samaritan
+  forms of this letter, we have representations of the three principal
+  forms which the cross has assumed: <a href="images/tsquare.png"><img
+  src="images/tsquare.png" class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="Tau
+  cross" /></a>, &dagger;, �. It is also remarkable that in Ezekiel ix. 4.
+  6.: "Set a mark on the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry,"
+  &amp;c., the word rendered "mark" is <span lang="he" class="heb"
+  title="TW" ><bdo dir="rtl">&#x5EA;&#x5BC;&#x5D5;</bdo></span>
+  (<i>Tau</i>), the name of the Hebrew letter answering to the above: and
+  as the Samaritan alphabet, which the present Hebrew characters have
+  superseded, was then in use, it is highly probable that the "mark"
+  referred to in Ezekiel's vision was the Samaritan <i>Tau</i>, as seen on
+  ancient Hebrew shekels, resembling a St. Andrew's cross.</p>
+
+  <p>A circumstance relating to the Paschal sacrifice mentioned by Justin
+  Martyr, in his conference with Trypho the Jew, and which he asserts
+  without contradiction from his learned opponent, is worthy of a note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This lamb, which was to be roasted whole, was a symbol of the
+  punishment of the cross, which was inflicted on Christ, <span title="To gar opt�menon probaton, k.t.l." class="grk"
+  >&Tau;&omicron; &gamma;&alpha;&rho;
+  &omicron;&pi;&tau;&omega;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron;&nu;
+  &pi;&rho;&omicron;&beta;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&nu;,
+  &kappa;.&tau;.&lambda;.</span> For the lamb which was roasted was so
+  placed as to resemble the figure of a cross; with one spit it was pierced
+  longitudinally, from the tail to the head; with another it was transfixed
+  through the shoulders, so that the forelegs became extended."&mdash;Vid.
+  Just. Martyri <i>Opera</i>, edit. Oberther, vol. ii. p. 106.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent H.&nbsp;N. appears to have fallen into several errors,
+  which (having appeared in "N. &amp; Q.") ought not to pass unnoticed.</p>
+
+  <p>1. He confounds the basilica with the cruciform cathedral, and with
+  "the plan of the Roman forum."</p>
+
+  <p>Basilica (from Gr. <span title="Basilik�" class="grk"
+  >&Beta;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;&#x1F74;</span>, a royal
+  dwelling) was the name given by the Romans to those public edifices in
+  which justice was administered and mercantile business transacted.
+  Several of these buildings, or the remains of them, still exist in Rome,
+  each forum probably having had its basilica. Vitruvius, who constructed
+  one at Fanum, says it ought to be built "on the warm side of the forum,
+  that those whose affairs call them thither might confer without being
+  incommoded by the weather." Yet H.&nbsp;N. says: "The basilica seems to have
+  originally been the architectural plan of the Roman forum." The most
+  perfect specimen of the antique basilica is that discovered at Pompeii,
+  on the south side of the form and at right angles with it. By consulting
+  a good plan of Pompeii, or glancing at a plan of its basilica, any one
+  may see that it was not cruciform, but "in the form of a long
+  parallelogram," with a central space and side porticoes, answering to the
+  nave and aisles of a church. The early Christians adopted the basilica
+  form for their churches: those built in the form of a Greek or Latin
+  cross are of much later date. Yet H.&nbsp;N.'s learned friend exclaims, when
+  viewing the temple of Muttra, "Here is the cross! the basilica carried
+  out with more correctness of order and symmetry than in Italy!"</p>
+
+  <p>2. H. N. assumes that the Jews practised crucifixion as a punishment,
+  and "may have imitated the Assyrians, as crucifixion may have been
+  adopted long before that of Christ and the two thieves (Qy. robbers)."
+  Crucifixion appears to have been in use from a very remote period, but
+  was never adopted by the Jews. The Romans, who with all their greatness
+  were an atrociously cruel people, employed it as the peculiar and
+  appropriate punishment of delinquent slaves. Christ was "crucified under
+  Pontius Pilate," the Roman Procurator of Judea, at a time when that
+  country had become subject to the Romans, and its rulers could say, "It
+  is not lawful for us to put any man to death."</p>
+
+  <p>3. When H. N. refers to "the advocates of conversion and their
+  itinerant agents," it is difficult to perceive exactly what he intends,
+  except "to hint a fault and hesitate dislike." But before a writer
+  undertakes to cast a reflection on those great societies who have been
+  labouring&mdash;not by coercion, but by instruction and persuasion, by
+  the circulation of the scriptures and the preaching of the
+  Gospel&mdash;to substitute Christianity for idolatry among those who are
+  under the government of Great Britain, he should well understand the
+  grounds of his censures, so as to be able "to explain to the
+  conversionists that, unless this doctrine be openly refuted, the
+  missionaries may in truth be fighting their own shadow." <!-- Page 546
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page546"></a>{546}</span></p>
+
+  <p>How then has H. N. explained the doctrine which they are to
+  refute&mdash;the meaning of the "cross and basilica" in India? The only
+  witness in proof of it has disappeared "by falling into a volcanic
+  crater." He himself professes to be quite ignorant of cathedral
+  architecture and the English government, and English gentlemen generally,
+  who have shamefully secreted such a treasure, are equally ignorant. Why
+  had they not consulted the living Church of Hindooism, and shown it a
+  little sympathy and respect with a view to getting enlightened? Whereas
+  "the little they do know is derived from books." Farther, "the elder
+  civilians, men of ability, classical scholars, and first-rate Asiatic
+  linguists," when assembled in that very building, though they descanted
+  on the sanctity of the place, "not one of them knew nor remarked the
+  'cross and basilica.'" And when visiting the great temple of Benares,
+  H.&nbsp;N. does not recollect that the cross was either noticed to him or by
+  him.</p>
+
+  <p>It may be true that when the Hindoo "system of government existed in
+  efficiency, there was neither crime nor punishment"&mdash;a shadowy
+  tradition, I presume, of the state of innocence! It may also be true that
+  "the mythology of the Nile agrees with that of the Ganges." But it would
+  not follow that the cross is a myth derived from the mysteries of Egypt
+  or the astronomy of India. It would still remain an unquestionable fact,
+  that the cross, for ages an instrument of ignominious torture under Pagan
+  Rome, only ceased to be so when Christianity had won its way through all
+  ranks of society up to the imperial throne; then its employment was
+  abolished by Constantine, partly from the humanising influence of the new
+  faith, and partly out of reverence to Him who had suffered on it for the
+  world's redemption.</p>
+
+  <p>The anticipations of Christianity supplied by Paganism, of which
+  Krishna "burnishing the head of the serpent" is a striking example, may
+  be easily accounted for, and their source pointed out. As a corruption of
+  the earliest revelation, Paganism contains, as might be expected, a
+  portion of truth blended with much error. Indeed, it would be no
+  difficult task to prove that classical and oriental mythology is in some
+  sense, and to a great extent, the shadow of biblical truth. What then? In
+  endeavouring to supplant idolatry in the Roman empire, were the Apostles
+  and first preachers of Christianity merely "fighting their own shadow?"
+  They recognised those truths which even heathens admit, but opposed and
+  overthrew the accumulated errors of ages. Yet there were some even then
+  who condemned the preaching of the cross as "foolishness," till success
+  demonstrated its wisdom.</p>
+
+  <p>Lastly, H. N., having "travelled much in this country and on the
+  Continent," is convinced "that superstition prevails comparatively
+  <i>less</i> in Asia than in Europe," and that "the pages of 'N. &amp; Q.'
+  abundantly corroborate the opinion."</p>
+
+  <p>This is far more startling than the discovery of the "cross and
+  basilica" at Muttra. To admit it, however, would require us to disregard
+  the testimony of a cloud of witnesses, and to ignore all our former
+  reading. The vast systems of Asiatic superstition, it seems, are less
+  objectionable than our own folk lore; the tremendous shades of Brahma and
+  Budhu, of Juggernaut and the goddess Kali, with their uncouth images and
+  horrid worship, are harmless when compared with Puck, the Pixies, and
+  Robin Goodfellow; and Caste, Suttee, and Devil-worship<a
+  name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> are evils of
+  less magnitude than cairns, kist-vaens, and cromlechs. The mental balance
+  must be peculiarly constructed that could lead to such a decision.
+  Certainly H.&nbsp;N. is no Rhadamanthus. "Dat veniam corvis, vexat censure
+  columbas."</p>
+
+  <p>The appeal to "N. &amp; Q." in corroboration of his opinion forms a
+  pleasant and suitable conclusion of the whole: for while in India
+  superstition still undeniably lives and "prevails," it is one special
+  object of "N. &amp; Q." to embalm the remains of local superstitions in
+  Great Britain that have either breathed their last, or are <i>in
+  extremis</i>; to collect the relics of long-departed superstitions that
+  were once vigorous and rampant in our island, but are now in danger of
+  being lost and forgotten. Their very remnants and vestiges have become so
+  rare that they are unknown to the great mass of the community; and the
+  learned, therefore, especially those versed in ethology, are urged to
+  hunt them out wherever they exist in the different districts of the
+  country, before they fall into utter oblivion.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>For proof of the existence of Devil-worship, see <i>Yakkun
+  Nottanawa</i>, a Cingalese poem, translated by John Callaway, printed for
+  the Oriental Translation Fund: J. Murray, 1829.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p>I would beg to suggest to H. N. that if his friend Count Venua saw in
+  the Hindoo temple at Muttra both the form of a perfect cross and of a
+  "basilica, carried out with more correctness of order and symmetry than
+  in Italy," he must have been so totally ignorant of early architecture as
+  to make his observations quite worthless, since there is no more
+  similitude between the cruciform church and the basilica than there is
+  between two parallel lines (=) and two lines crossing each other at right
+  angles (+).</p>
+
+  <p>"The precise shape of the cross on the Temple of Serapis" can only be
+  inferred from the words of the historian cited, and the inference
+  therefrom is strong that it was the <i>crux ansata</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eden Warwick</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 547 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page547"></a>{547}</span></p>
+
+<h3>DECORATIVE PAVEMENT TILES FROM CAEN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 493.)</p>
+
+  <p>The tiles presented, in 1786, to Mr. Charles Chadwick, of
+  Mavesyn-Ridware, Staffordshire, are preserved in the church at that
+  place. They form two tablets affixed to the wall in the remarkable
+  sepulchral chapel arranged and decorated, at a great cost, by the
+  directions of that gentleman towards the close of the last century, when
+  the greater portion of the church was rebuilt. The north chapel, or
+  aisle, containing the tombs of the Mavesyns and the Ridwares, the ancient
+  lords of the estates which descended to Mr. Chadwick, was preserved; and
+  here are to be seen two cross-legged effigies, a curious incised
+  portraiture on an altar-tomb, representing Sir Robert Mavesyn, 1403, with
+  other incised slabs and interesting memorials; to which were added, by
+  Mr. Chadwick, a series of large incised figures, which surround the
+  chapel. These last are not shown in the view given in Shaw's <i>History
+  of Staffordshire</i>, vol. ii. p. 191., having been executed since the
+  publication of that work; and it is stated that they were engraved by the
+  parish clerk under Mr. Chadwick's direction, being intended to pourtray
+  the successive lords of the place from the Norman times to the sixteenth
+  century, each in the costume of his period. There are also numerous
+  atchievements and other decorations attached to the walls; amongst these
+  are the pavement tiles from Caen, one of which bore the same arms as are
+  assigned to the family of Malvoisin-Rosny, and on that account probably
+  Mr. Chadwick placed these relics from Normandy amongst the enrichments of
+  his mausoleum.</p>
+
+  <p>In regard to <span class="sc">Mr. Boase's</span> first inquiry, "Who
+  was Charles Chadwick, Esq.?" it may suffice to cite the detailed account
+  of the family given by Shaw, and the short notice of that gentleman which
+  will be found in the <i>History of Staffordshire</i>, vol. ii. p.
+  185.</p>
+
+  <p>On a visit to Mavesyn-Ridware in 1839, I was struck with the
+  appearance of these tiles; their design and fashion at once recalled
+  those from Caen with which I had been familiar in Normandy. Having
+  ascertained their origin, I took occasion to state the fact of their
+  preservation at this church in the "Notes on Decorative Tiles,"
+  communicated to Mr. Parker by me, and given in the fourth edition of his
+  useful <i>Glossary of Architecture</i>, in 1845: see p. 367.</p>
+
+  <p>It should be observed that the number of tiles composing the two
+  tablets now to be seen is forty; whilst the number, as stated <i>Gent.
+  Mag.</i>, vol. lix. part i. p. 211., and in a second letter from Mr.
+  Barrett, in vol. lx. part ii. p. 710., not cited by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Boase</span> in his Query, is twenty. <span class="sc">Mr. Boase</span>
+  is probably aware that the sixteen tiles from the Great Guard Chamber at
+  Caen, which supplied the subject of Mr. J. Major Henniker's memoir, were
+  presented by him to the Society of Antiquaries of London, and are now in
+  their museum, as noticed in the catalogue, compiled by myself, p. 30.</p>
+
+  <p>A coloured drawing of an heraldic pavement at Caen, taken about 1700,
+  is preserved in a volume of the great collection formed by M. de
+  Gaignieres, and bequeathed by Gough to the Bodleian Library. It comprises
+  chiefly drawings of French sepulchral monuments, arranged by localities;
+  and there is one volume, entitled <i>Recueil de Tapisseries, d'Armoiries
+  et de Devises</i>, in which may be found the interesting memorial of this
+  decorative pavement of tiles, which was destroyed during the fury of the
+  Revolution.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert Way.</span></p>
+
+  <p>Charles Chadwick, Esq., of Healy Hall, Lancashire, and
+  Mavesyn-Ridware, in the county of Stafford, to whom the monks of St.
+  Stephen, at Caen, presented, in the year 1786, a series of encaustic
+  tiles with heraldic devices taken from the floor of the (so called)
+  "Great Guard Chamber of the Palace of the Dukes of Normandy," died in
+  1829. I infer that the tiles were brought to the Lancashire residence of
+  Mr. Chadwick because the description and the drawing for the engraving
+  were both supplied to the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> by a Lancashire
+  antiquary, Thomas Barnett, of Hydes Cross, Manchester: but as the
+  descendants of Mr. Chadwick no longer reside in Lancashire, the hall
+  being occupied by a woollen manufacturer, I have been unable to obtain
+  any information respecting the tiles, though long desirous to do so.</p>
+
+  <p>I direct attention to another series of the same tiles, sixteen in
+  number, which were presented to the Society of Antiquaries through the
+  president, the Earl of Leicester, in 1788, by John Henniker, Esq., M.A.,
+  F.R.S., S.A., and M.P., who afterwards took the additional name of Major.
+  This gentleman received the tiles from his brother, Captain Henniker,
+  then resident at Caen; and in 1794 he published an interesting account of
+  them with engravings, entitled <i>Two Letters on the Origin, Antiquity,
+  and History of Norman Tiles stained with Armorial Bearings</i> (London,
+  John Bell, Strand). The engravings both in this volume and in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> are indifferently executed, and too small in
+  scale to be of use. Mr. Henniker describes the colours of his tiles to be
+  "yellow and brown," while Mr. Barnett states that the tiles in Mr.
+  Chadwick's possession were "light grey and black;" a curious discrepancy,
+  seeing that in all other respects they were exactly similar. These tiles
+  are of so much heraldic and antiquarian interest that if either set could
+  be made available for the purpose, it is very desirable that they be
+  engraved of full size, and printed by the modern easy process to imitate
+  the colours.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Gilbert J. French.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 548 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page548"></a>{548}</span></p>
+
+<h3>MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 170.)</p>
+
+  <p>With your permission I shall enlarge the list of mottos of the German
+  emperors, as well by commencing with the Germano-Frankish era as by
+  supplying those omitted in the series given by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Joshua G. Fitch</span>. My authorities are Reusneri <i>Symbola
+  Imperatoria tribus classibus C�s. Rom. Italic., C.&nbsp;R. Gr�corum, C.&nbsp;R.
+  Germanico</i>; and Sadeler, <i>Symbola divina et humana Pontificum,
+  Imperatorum, Regum</i>, &amp;c.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Caroli Magni. 752. <i>Christus regnat, vincit, triumphat.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Ludovici Pii. 814. <i>Omnium rerum vicissitudo.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Lotharii I. 840. <i>Ubi mel, ibi fel.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Ludovici II. 855. <i>Par sit fortuna labori.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Caroli II. (Calvi.) 875. <i>Justitiam injustitia parit.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Caroli III. (Crassi.) 881. <i>Os garrulum intricat omnia.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Arnulphi. 888. <i>Facilis descensus Averni.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Ludovici III. 899. <i>Multorum manus, paucorum consilium.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Othonis Magni. <i>Aut mors aut vita decora.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Othonis III. <i>Unita virtus valet.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Henrici II. (Claudi.) <i>Ne quid nimis.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Friderici I. (�nobarbi.) <i>Aliud. Qui nescit dissimulare nescit
+  imperare.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Friderici II. <i>Minarum strepitus, asinorum crepitus.</i> The
+  following is the correct reading of the words given in Vol. viii., p.
+  170.: <i>Cumplurium triariorum ego strepitum audivi.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Adolphi. <i>Animus est qui divites facit.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Alberti I. <i>Aliud. Quod optimum idem jucundissimum.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Henrici VII. <i>Aliud. Fide et consilio.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Ludovici IV. <i>Sola bona qu� honesta.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Deo et C�sari.</i><a
+  name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>Caroli IV. <i>Optimum aliena insania frui.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Nullius pavet
+  occursum.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Wenceslai. <i>Morosophi moriones pessimi.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Tempestati parendum.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Sigismundi. <i>Aliud. Sic cedunt munera fatis.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Alberti II. <i>Aliud. Fugam victoria nescit.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Friderici III. <i>Rerum irrecuperabilium f&oelig;lix oblivio.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. A. E. I. O. U.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>That these vowels are supposed to signify "Austri� est imperare orbi
+  universo" has already been communicated in "N. &amp; Q." Reusner has
+  given then another interpretation "Aquila electa iuste vincit omnia."</p>
+
+  <p>"Aliud. Hic regit, ille tuetur. Leges et arma in promptu habes, ill�
+  regunt, h�c tuentur imperium. A Justiniano habet," &amp;c.&mdash;Sadeler,
+  p. 43.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Maximiliani I. <i>Aliud. In manu Dei Regis est [cor].</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Per tot discrimina.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Caroli V. <i>Aliud. Nondum in auge [Sol].</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Fundatori quietis
+  [laurea].</i></p>
+
+  <p>Ferdinandi. <i>Fiat justitia aut pereat mundus.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. A. I. P. Q. N. S. I.
+  A.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Accidit in puncto quod non speratur in anno;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Temporis in puncto qui sapit, ille sapit."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Maximiliani II. <i>Comminuam vel extinguam.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (<i>Puta semiplenam Turcarum
+  lunulam.</i>)</p>
+
+  <p>Rudolphi II. <i>Aliud. Ex voluntate Dei omnia.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Sic ad astra.</i><br />
+  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Aliud. Tu ne cede malis.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In Reusner's work the mottos are accompanied by copious and erudite
+  comments; and in Sadeler's by engravings also; the devices or
+  achievements of distinguished men, denominated in the Italian language
+  <i>Imprese</i>, and in the Latin <i>Symbola Heroica</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+  <p>"Symbolum [aquila solem contr� tuens] quo jam se non tantum adversario
+  opponit sed cum Deo parum modest� ponit. Est quidem aquila Jovi sacra ut
+  ad fabulas rem revolvamus. Sed absit mihi omnis cum Deo
+  comparatio."&mdash;Sadeler, p. 39.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Simplicity of Calotype Process.</i>&mdash;The session of the
+  Photographic Society was commenced with a paper from our original
+  correspondent, <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>, under the above
+  title. Our journal having led to such facilities of question and answer,
+  has induced many of our readers to ask upon several points additional
+  instructions, some of which we have ourselves thought might have been
+  made more clear and having written to <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>
+  he has promised us a revised copy for our next Number. Replying to some
+  of our Querists, he says, "The plain photographic facts are correct; but
+  I wrote the paper on the morning of the day on which the Society met, and
+  was not aware it was to be printed in the <i>Journal</i> until I received
+  my copy."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Albumenized Paper.</i>&mdash;As my only object writing on this
+  subject was to communicate to others the plan which <i>I</i> had found
+  <i>in practice</i> most successful, I think it necessary to correct some
+  points of misapprehension which it is evident your correspondent K.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;M.
+  has fallen into, Vol. viii., p. 501.</p>
+
+  <p>In the process I recommended, the paper, if cockled up, readily
+  becomes flat and even if kept in a portfolio or any similar receptacle;
+  and as I <i>never float</i> my paper to sensitize it, I have not the
+  inconvenience of the silver solution becoming spoiled by particles of the
+  albumen. The 100 grains to the ounce for the solution I do not find more
+  extravagant when applied, as I have indicated, with a glass rod, than one
+  of 30 grains to the ounce when the paper is floated, because in the
+  former case I use only just enough to cover the paper, viz. forty-five
+  minims to a half-sheet of <!-- Page 549 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page549"></a>{549}</span>Canson's paper, and there is no loss from
+  any portion adhering to the dishes, evaporation, or filtering. This is
+  far more than would be imagined when only a sheet or two of paper is
+  required at one time. Lastly, with regard to the <i>strokes</i> being
+  visible after printing the positive, I do not find them so in general,
+  though occasionally such a thing does happen when sufficient care has not
+  been taken in the preparation; but I find stri� quite as visible on two
+  positives prepared by <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> himself, which
+  he kindly gave me: however, I will forward a sample of my paper for your
+  judgment, and also a portion for K.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;M. if he will take the trouble of
+  trying the same.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>New Developing Mixture.</i>&mdash;Having for some months past used
+  the following developing mixture, and finding it very bright and easily
+  applied, I beg to offer it to your notice. It does not cost more than
+  three farthings per ounce, and therefore may be worth the consideration
+  of beginners. I do not know a better where the metallic appearance is not
+  desired.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>No. 1. Pyrogallic acid          2 grains.</p>
+      <p class="i3">Glacial acetic acid      1 drachm.</p>
+      <p class="i3">Water                    1 oz.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>No. 2. Protosulphate of iron   10 grains.</p>
+      <p class="i3">Nitric acid              2 drops.</p>
+      <p class="i3">Water                    1 oz.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>To six drachms of No. 2. add two of No. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I pour it on, but do not return it to the bottle, as it is apt to
+  spoil if so used.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. L. Merritt.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Queries on the Albumenized Process.</i>&mdash;Allow me to put a few
+  questions through your valued paper.</p>
+
+  <p>In the albumen process on glass, Messrs. Ross and Thomson, in
+  Thornthwaite's <i>Guide</i>, recommend 10 drops of sat. solution of
+  iodized potassa to each egg. Now is it meant <i>ten drops</i>, or <i>ten
+  minims</i>? If the former, a drop varies with the bottle and quantity of
+  liquid in it; and ten drops are nearly half the bulk of ten minims,
+  generally speaking. Then as to the egg: an egg in this country is only at
+  most 6 <a href="images/drachm.png"><img src="images/drachm.png"
+  class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="drachm" /></a>; in England an egg
+  appears twice as large.&mdash;Could you state the general bulk of an egg
+  in England, and to what quantity by bulk or weight of albumen the 10
+  drops or minims are to be applied? When I say an egg is only 6 <a
+  href="images/drachm.png"><img src="images/drachm.png" class="middle"
+  style="height:2ex" alt="drachm" /></a>, I mean the white of one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Subscriber.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bombay.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Poems in connection with Waterloo</i> (Vol. vii., p. 6.).&mdash;A
+  correspondent of the <i>Naval and Military Gazette</i> of November 19,
+  1853, signing himself "M.A., Pem. Coll., Oxford," has pointed out an
+  error into which I had fallen "respecting the elm-trees at and connected
+  with Waterloo."</p>
+
+  <p>I certainly was given to understand, when I received the monody, that
+  it was written by the public orator on the death of his son <i>who fell
+  at Waterloo</i>: whereas it clearly appears by the obituary in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, that <i>Ensign William Crowe</i>, first
+  battalion, 4th foot, <i>son of the public orator</i> at Oxford, <i>was
+  killed at the attack</i> upon New Orleans Jan. 8, 1815.</p>
+
+  <p>I hasten to acknowledge my mistake, though I am glad that the two
+  copies of verses found place in your columns.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Braybrooke.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Richard Oswald</i> (Vol. viii., p. 442.)&mdash;Your Querist will
+  find many letters to and from him in Franklin's <i>Memoirs</i>. He was
+  for some years a merchant in the city of London. In 1759 he purchased the
+  estate of Auchincruive, in the county of Ayr, and died there in 1783. No
+  memoir of him has ever been published. He was for many years an intimate
+  friend of Lord Shelbourne, who sent him to Paris in 1782, and again in
+  1783, to negotiate with Franklin, with whom he had been for some time
+  acquainted. During the Seven Years' War he acted as commissary-general to
+  the allied armies under the Duke of Brunswick, who said of him in the
+  official despatches, that "England had sent him commissaries fit to be
+  generals, and generals not fit to be commissaries."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. E.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Grammont's Marriage</i> (Vol. viii., p. 461.).&mdash;In one of the
+  notes to Grammont, originally, I believe, introduced by Sir W. Scott in
+  his edition, but which appears at p. 415. of Bohn's reprint, we are told
+  on the authority of the <i>Biographia Gallica</i>, vol. i. p. 202.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The famous Count Grammont was thought to be the original of <i>The
+  Forced Marriage</i>. This nobleman, during his stay at the court of
+  England, had made love to Miss Hamilton, but was coming away from France
+  without bringing matters to a proper conclusion. The young lady's
+  brothers pursued him, and came up with him near Dover, in order to
+  exchange some pistol shot with him. They called out, 'Count Grammont,
+  have you forgot nothing at London?' 'Excuse me,' answered the Court
+  guessing their errand, 'I forgot to marry your sister; so lead on, and
+  let us finish that affair.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>My object in this communication is to supply an omission in <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Steinman's</span> very interesting Notes, who does not
+  show, as he might have done, how the letters of M. de Comminges prove the
+  truth of this story. For, from the passage quoted by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Steinman</span> from the letter to the king, dated Dec. 20-24, 1663, it
+  is evident that the count was about on that day to leave England "without
+  bringing matters to a proper conclusion;" while that he married the lady
+  within a day or <!-- Page 550 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page550"></a>{550}</span>two of that date may fairly be inferred
+  from the announcement on Aug. 29-Sept. 8, 1664, that "Madame la Comtesse
+  de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils." <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Steinman's</span> omission was probably intentional; I have supplied it
+  in the hope that the date and place of the marriage may now be
+  ascertained, and for the purpose of expressing my hope that we shall soon
+  be favoured by <span class="sc">Mr. Steinman's</span> return to this
+  subject.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Horace Walpole</span>, Jun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Life</i> (Vol. vii., p. 429.).&mdash;Let me give A.&nbsp;C. the
+  testimony of two poets and a philosopher in support of the "general
+  feeling" about the renewal of life, which will surely bear down the
+  authority of three writers mentioned by him.</p>
+
+  <p>Cowper's notion may be gathered from the couplet:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"So numerous are the follies that annoy</p>
+      <p>The mind and heart of every sprightly boy."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Kirke White must have had a similar idea:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"There are who think that childhood does not share</p>
+      <p>With age the cup, the bitter cup, of care;</p>
+      <p>Alas! they know not this unhappy truth,</p>
+      <p>That every age and rank is born to ruth."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The next four lines may also be attentively considered. I quote from
+  his "Childhood," one of his earliest productions by the way&mdash;but
+  what production of his was not early?</p>
+
+  <p>Still more decidedly, however, on the point speaks Cicero (<i>de
+  Senectute</i>):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Si quis Deus mihi largiatur ut ea h�c �tate repuerescam, et in cunis
+  vagiam, <i>valde recusem</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following passage is also at A.&nbsp;C.'s service, provided you can
+  find space for it, and there are "no questions asked" as to its
+  whereabouts:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have heard them say that our childhood's hours are the happiest
+  time of our earthly race; and they speak with regret of their summer
+  bowers, and the mirth they knew in the butterfly chase; and they sorrow
+  to think that those days are past, when their young hearts bounded with
+  lightsome glee, when, by none of the clouds of care o'ercast, the sun of
+  their joy shone cheerily. But, oh! they surely forget that the boy may
+  have grief of his own that strikes deep in his heart; that an angry
+  frown, or a broken toy, may inflict for a time a cureless smart; and that
+  little pain is as great to him as a weightier woe to an older mind. Aye!
+  the harsh reproof, or unfavoured whim, may be sharp as a pang of a graver
+  kind. Then, how dim-sighted and thoughtless are those, who would they
+  were frolicsome children and free; they should rather rejoice to have
+  fled from the woes that hung o'er them once so heavily. In misfortune's
+  rude shocks the practised art of <i>the man</i> may perchance disclose
+  relief; but <i>the child</i>, in his innocence of heart, will bow 'neath
+  the stroke of a trifling grief."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">W. T. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hong Kong.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Muscipula</i> (Vol. viii., p. 229.&mdash;<i>The Name
+  Lloyd.</i>&mdash;Besides the translation of this poem by Dr. Hoadly, of
+  which a note in Dodsley informs us that the author, Holdsworth, said it
+  was "exceedingly well done," I have before me another, printed in London
+  for R. Gosling, 1715, with an engraved frontispiece, illustrative of the
+  triumphant reception of Taffy's invention. The depredations of the mouse
+  are illustrated in the various figures around, as cheeses burrowed
+  through, even the invasion of a sleeping Welshman's very <span
+  title="erkos odont�n" class="grk">&epsilon;&rho;&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf;
+  &omicron;&delta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&omega;&nu;</span>, &amp;c. The title
+  is, <i>The Mouse-Trap, a Poem done from the original Latin in Milton's
+  Stile</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ludus animo debet aliquando dari,</p>
+      <p>Ad cogitandum melior ut redeat tibi"&mdash;<i>Ph�d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Both translations are in blank verse, but that of the latter is very
+  <i>blank</i> indeed, and possesses little in common with Milton's
+  <i>style</i>, except the absence of rhyme. It thus begins:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The British mountaineer, who first uprear'd</p>
+      <p>A mouse-trap, and engoal'd the little thief,</p>
+      <p>The deadly wiles and fate inextricable,</p>
+      <p>Rehearse, my Muse, and, oh! thy presence deign,</p>
+      <p>Auxiliar Ph&oelig;bus, mortal foe to mice:</p>
+      <p>Whence bards in ancient times thee Smintheus term'd," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Muscipula must have made some sensation to have been translated by two
+  different persons. <i>Welsh rabbits</i>, and their supposed general
+  fondness for <i>cheese</i>, have furnished many a joke at the expense of
+  the inhabitants of the principality. Among others the following quiz may
+  not be out of place on the famous Cambro-Britannic name of Lloyd:</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr">
+<tr><td>"Two gibbets dejected,</td><td>LL</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;A cheese in full view,</td><td>O</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;A toaster erected</td><td>Y</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;And a cheese cut in two,</td><td>D."</td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="2">Ballard MSS. in the Bodleian, vol. xxix. p. 80.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Berefellarii</i> (Vol. viii., p. 420.).&mdash;<span class="sc">M.
+  Philar�te Chasles</span> has misrepresented <span class="sc">John
+  Jebb's</span> Query and conjecture about <i>berefellarii</i> (Vol. vii.,
+  p. 207.). He never spoke of these officers as "<i>half ecclesiastics</i>
+  (!), dirty, shabby, ill-washed attendants." They were priests of an
+  inferior grade, answering to the minor canons of cathedrals, and superior
+  to the vicars choral, who were also called <i>person�</i> and <i>rectores
+  chori</i>. He has far too great a respect for collegiate foundations to
+  use such opprobrious terms when speaking of any class of ministers of
+  divine service. The only conjecture <span class="sc">J. Jebb</span> made
+  was, that the word might possibly have been a corruption (arising from
+  incorrect writing) of <i>beneficiarii</i>, which is continually used
+  abroad for the inferior clergy of collegiate churches, though not common
+  in <!-- Page 551 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page551"></a>{551}</span>England. It is just <i>possible</i>,
+  though not very probable, that this somewhat foreign word was misread,
+  and gave rise to a blundering corruption conveying ludicrous ideas, the
+  "turpe nomen" alluded to by the Archbishop of York tempore Ric. II. The
+  conjectural derivation of the word from Anglo-Saxon words was not my own,
+  but that of a subsequent correspondent. It is just one of those
+  conjectures which, like that of "Mazarin�us," may be quite as likely to
+  be false as true. I could suggest twenty that would be quite as likely;
+  such as <i>bier-followers</i> (attenders on funerals, as did the clerks
+  and inferior clergy in cathedrals), or <i>bury fellows</i> (query,
+  burying fellows), or <i>beer fellows</i> (like the <i>beerers</i> in Dean
+  Aldrich's famous catch), or <i>belly fillers</i>, &amp;c., or lastly,
+  some corruption of <i>Beverly</i> itself. <i>Barefellows</i> is as likely
+  as any. Still I cannot think that these functionaries were low or
+  contemptible. Their position corresponded to a very honourable status in
+  cathedral churches.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Jebb.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Harmony of the Four Gospels</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 316. 415.)&mdash;I
+  am greatly obliged to <span class="sc">Mr. Hardwick, Mr. Buckton</span>,
+  and J.&nbsp;M. for their valuable and satisfactory replies to my Query. To the
+  list of those Harmonies published since the Reformation, may be added
+  that of John Hind, 1632, under the title of</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Storie of Stories, or the Life of Christ, according to the foure
+  holy Evangelists: with a harmonie of them, and a table of their chapters
+  and verses, collected by Johan Hind. London, printed by Miles Flesher,
+  1632."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is dedicated to the "Lady Anne Twisden," with whom, and her son the
+  learned Sir Roger Twisden, this John Hind, "a German gentleman of
+  Mecklenburgh, a most religious honest knowing man, lived above thirty
+  years," &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Surely Doddridge's <i>Family Expositor</i> should be added to the
+  list.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Z. 1.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Picts' Houses and Argils</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  264.).&mdash;Malte-Brun, in his <i>Universal Geography</i>, English
+  translation, vol. vi. p. 387., has a passage in his description of Russia
+  which applies to this matter. The steppes of Nogay lie immediately to the
+  north of the peninsula of the Crimea, both being included in the Russian
+  government of Taurida, and both countries were formerly inhabited by the
+  Cimbri or Cimmerians. Malte-Brun says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The colonists are in many places ill provided with timber for
+  building; they live under the ground, and the hillocks, which are so
+  common in the country, and which served in ancient times for graves or
+  monuments of the dead, are now converted into houses, the vaults are
+  changed into roofs, and beneath them are subterranean excavations. Kurgan
+  is the Tartar name for these tumuli; they are scattered throughout New
+  Russia; they were raised at different times by the different people who
+  ruled over that region. The Kurgans are not all of the same kind; some
+  are not unlike the rude works of the early Hungarians, others are formed
+  of large and thin stones, like the Scandinavian tombs. It is to be
+  regretted that the different articles contained in them have been only of
+  late years examined with care."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This does not establish the identity of the Argil and Kurgan, but I
+  think it shows more particular information is likely to be met with on
+  the subject. M. Malte-Brun, vol. vi. p. 152., in his description of
+  Turkey, mentions a curious town on the hills of the Strandschea, a little
+  to the west of Constantinople. It is called Indchiguis, and is inhabited
+  by Troglodytes; its numerous dwellings are cut in solid rocks, stories
+  are formed in the same manner, and many apartments that communicate with
+  each other.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. H. F.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Boswell's "Johnson"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 439.).&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Crescit, occulto velut arbor �vo,</p>
+      <p>Fama Marcelli: micat inter omnes</p>
+      <p>Julium sidus, velut inter ignes</p>
+      <p class="i6">Luna minores."&mdash;Hor. <i>Carm.</i> <span class="scac">I</span>. xii. 45-48.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>F. C. has overlooked the <i>point</i> of Boswell's remark, viz. that
+  Johnson had been "inattentive to metre."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pronunciation of "Humble"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 393.).&mdash;I
+  venture once more to trespass on your pages, in the hope of helping to
+  settle the right pronunciation of <i>humble</i>. In the controversy
+  respecting it, the derivation of the word should not be overlooked, as it
+  is a most important point; for I consider that the improper use of the
+  <i>h</i> has arisen from people not knowing from whence the word was
+  taken. Now, as I am of opinion that it will go far to prove that the
+  <i>h</i> should be silent in <i>humble</i>, by giving a list of the
+  radical words in the English language in which that letter is silent, and
+  their derivations, I beg to do so: premising that they are derived from
+  the Celtic language, in which the <i>h</i> is not used in the same manner
+  that it is in other languages:</p>
+
+  <p><i>Heir</i>, from <i>oigeir</i>, i. e. the young man who succeeds to a
+  property: the word is pronounced <i>air</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Honest</i>, from <i>oinnicteac</i>, i. e. just, liberal, generous,
+  kind.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Honour</i>, from <i>onoir</i>, i. e. praise, respect, worship.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hour</i>, from <i>uair</i>, pronounced <i>voir</i>, i. e. time
+  present, a period of time, any time.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Humble</i>, from <i>umal</i>, i. e. lowly, obedient,
+  submissive.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Humour.</i> The derivation of this word is obscure, but in the
+  sense of <i>mirth</i> it may be derived from <i>uaim-mir</i>, i. e. loud
+  mirth, gaiety.</p>
+
+  <p>The compounds formed from these words have the <i>h</i> silent; and
+  every other word beginning with <!-- Page 552 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page552"></a>{552}</span>that letter should have it fully sounded.
+  Such being my practice, I cannot be accused of cultivating the <i>Heapian
+  dialect</i>, which I hold to be equally abominable with the improper use
+  of the letter <i>h</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Fras. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p>May not the following be the true solution of the question? All
+  <i>existing</i> humility is either pride or hypocrisy; pride aspirates
+  the <i>h</i>, hypocrisy suppresses it. I always aspirate.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Continuation of Robertson</i> (Vol. viii., p. 515.).&mdash;The
+  supplementary volume proposed by <span class="sc">Mr. Turnbull</span>,
+  which is wanted extremely, was never published, owing to the fact that
+  eighty subscribers could not be found to indemnify him for the expense of
+  printing.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Nostradamus</i> (Vol. vii., p. 174.).&mdash;My edition of
+  <i>Nostradamus</i>, 1605 (described in "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. iv., p. 140.),
+  has the quotation in question; but the first line has "le sang du juste,"
+  not "le sang du jusse."</p>
+
+  <p>The ed. of 1605 is undoubtedly genuine. Besides the twelve centuries
+  of prophecies, it contains 141 "Presages tirez de ceux faits par M.
+  Nostradamus," and fifty-eight "Pr�dictions admirables pour les ans
+  courans en ce Si�cle, recueillies des m�moires de feu M. Nostradamus,"
+  with a dedication to Henry IV. of France, "par Vincent Seve, de
+  Beaucaire, 19 Mars, 1605."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. J. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Quantity of Words</i> (Vol. viii., p. 386.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Anti-Barbarus</span> need not say we always pronounce Candace
+  long, for I have never heard it otherwise than short. Labbe says it
+  should be short, and classes it with short terminations in
+  <i>&#x103;cus</i>; but I am not aware that there is any poetical
+  authority for it. <i>Canace</i> and <i>canache</i> are both short in
+  Ovid; all which may have helped to the inference for
+  <i>Cand&#x103;ce</i>. Facciolati has an adjective <i>cand&#x103;cus</i>,
+  to which I refer your correspondent.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Hazel.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>"Man proposes, but God disposes"</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  411.).&mdash;This saying is older than the age of Thomas � Kempis, who
+  was born about <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1380. It probably
+  originated in two passages of Holy Scripture, on one or both of which it
+  may have been an ancient comment:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hominis est animam pr�parare, et Domini gubernare linguam." "Cor
+  hominis disponit viam suam, sed Domini est dirigere gressus
+  ejus."&mdash;Proverbs xvi. 1. 10.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The sentiment in both is the same, and their pith is given in a still
+  more brief and condensed form in our own proverb. It is remarkable that
+  while Dr. A. Clarke, in his notes on Proverbs xvi., has quoted it without
+  reference to its authorship in the edition of Stanhope's version of <i>De
+  Imitatione Christi</i>, which I happen to have, it is not to be found;
+  but its place (according to your correspondent's reference) is occupied
+  by the <i>two texts</i> above quoted. The work referred to is asserted by
+  some to have been only translated or transcribed by � Kempis, and written
+  by John Gerson, Chancellor of the University of Paris, a great
+  theologian, who died in 1429. Be that as it may, I can assure your
+  correspondent A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C. that the saying in question <i>did not</i>
+  originate with the author of that work. In Piers Ploughman's
+  <i>Vision</i>, written <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1362, it is thus
+  introduced:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And <i>Spiritus justiti�</i></p>
+      <p>Shall juggen, wol he nele he (<i>will he nil he!</i>)</p>
+      <p>After the kynges counseil,</p>
+      <p>And the comune like.</p>
+      <p>And <i>Spiritus prudenti�</i>,</p>
+      <p>In many a point shall faille,</p>
+      <p>Of that he weneth will falle,</p>
+      <p>If his wit ne weere.</p>
+      <p>Wenynge is no wysdom,</p>
+      <p>Ne wys ymaginacion.</p>
+      <p><i>Homo proponit, et Deus disponit</i>,</p>
+      <p>And governeth alle good vertues."</p>
+      <p class="i1">Vol. ii. p. 427., ll. 13984-95. Ed. London: W. Pickering, 1842.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In the same way the author frequently introduces Latin texts from the
+  Bible, and other books of authority and devotion. In the notes the editor
+  generally refers to the place from whence the quotation is taken; but as
+  there is no reference in connexion with the present passage, I infer that
+  he was not aware of its source.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Polarised Light</i> (Vol. viii., p. 409.).&mdash;I am unable to
+  furnish H.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;K. with knowledge from the fountain-head touching this
+  phenomenon. On referring, however, to a little work, much valued in my
+  boyish days, I find it thus mentioned:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The blue light of the sky is completely polarised at an angle of
+  seventy-four degrees from the sun, in a plane passing through the sun's
+  centre."&mdash;P. 219. <i>Newtonian Philosophy</i>, by Tom Telescope:
+  Tegg, Lond. 1838.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Surely the Herschels mention this.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>The attempt to establish a <i>Surrey Arch�ological Society</i> has at
+  length proved successful. Upwards of one hundred and seventy Members have
+  already joined the Society. The Duke of Norfolk has accepted its
+  Presidency, and the Earl of Ellesmere, the Bishop of Winchester, and Lord
+  Viscount Downe, are among the number of its Vice-Presidents. The Society
+  has good work before it, and we trust will set about it in a way to <!--
+  Page 553 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page553"></a>{553}</span>secure the success which we wish it. The
+  Honorary Secretary and Treasurer is George Bish Webb, Esq., of 46.
+  Addison Road North, Notting Hill; from whom gentlemen desirous of
+  enrolling themselves as Members may obtain copies of the Prospectus,
+  Rules, &amp;c. of the Society.</p>
+
+  <p>The mention of one county Society seems to call attention to another,
+  namely, the <i>Somersetshire Arch�ological and Natural History
+  Society</i>, the volume of whose Proceedings for 1852 is now before us,
+  and affords satisfactory proof that the zeal and energy of its members,
+  of which it numbers nearly five hundred, are by no means diminished. The
+  papers and the illustrations of the volume are highly creditable to all
+  concerned.</p>
+
+  <p>The want of a collection of the early antiquities of this country has
+  long been the greatest reproach which foreigners have been able to make
+  against the British Museum. An opportunity of removing this has lately
+  presented itself by an offer to the trustees of the well-known and
+  probably unique collection, <i>The Faussett Museum</i>. Strange to say,
+  that offer was declined: but, as a communication from the Society of
+  Antiquaries strongly urging the propriety of a reconsideration of this
+  decision&mdash;so that an opportunity which may never recur may not be
+  lost&mdash;has been addressed to the trustees, we still hope that <i>the
+  Faussett Museum</i> will yet fill the empty cases at Great Russell
+  Street, and form, as it is well calculated to do, the nucleus of a
+  national collection of our own national antiquities. We understand Mr.
+  Wylie has most liberally offered to present his valuable Fairford
+  Collections to the Museum, if the Faussett Collection is secured for
+  it.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<i>The Life and Works of
+  William Cowper</i>, by Robert Southey, Vol. I. This, the first volume of
+  a new edition, which will be comprised in eight instead of fifteen
+  volumes&mdash;cost twenty-eight instead of seventy-five shillings, and
+  yet contain additional plates and matter,&mdash;is the new issue of
+  Bohn's <i>Standard Library</i>.&mdash;<i>The Laws of Artistic Copyright
+  and their Defects</i>, by D.&nbsp;R. Blaine, Esq. A little volume well
+  calculated to instruct artists, sculptors, engravers, printsellers,
+  &amp;c., so that they may clearly understand their rights, their remedies
+  for the infringement of those rights, and the proper mode of transferring
+  their property.&mdash;<i>The Attic Philosopher in Paris, being the
+  Journal of a Happy Man</i>, forms No. LI. of Longman's <i>Traveller's
+  Library</i>, and is a fit companion to the <i>Confessions of a Working
+  Man</i>, by the same author, Emile Souvestre, published in the same
+  series a few months since.&mdash;<i>Apuleius: Metamorphoses, or Golden
+  Ass, and other Works.</i> A new translation, to which are added a
+  metrical version of Cupid and Psyche, and Mrs. Tighe's Psyche, is the new
+  volume of Bohn's <i>Classical Library</i>.&mdash;<i>Handbook to the
+  Library of the British Museum, &amp;c.</i>, by Richard Sims. After the
+  notice of this useful little volume taken by <span class="sc">Mr. Bolton
+  Corney</span> in our last Number, we may content ourselves with
+  expressing our hope that the trustees, whose desire it must be to
+  facilitate in every way the use of the Museum library, will avail
+  themselves of the earliest opportunity of marking their approval of this
+  able attempt on the part of one of their officers&mdash;a junior though
+  he be&mdash;to promote so important an object.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Nichols' Literary Anecdotes</span>, and the
+  Continuation.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Hive.</span> 3 Vols. London, 1724.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Friends.</span> 2 Vols. London, 1773.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">London Magazine.</span> 1732 to 1779.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>F. Dinsdale</i>, Leamington.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Joseph Mede's Works.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Jones's</span> (of Nayland) <span
+  class="sc">Sermons</span>, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Plain Sermons.</span> 10 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Death-bed Scenes.</span> Best Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Rose's (H. J.) Sermons.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Wilberforce's Life.</span> 5 Vols.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Simms &amp; Son</i>, Booksellers, Bath.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Hutchins's Dorsetshire.</span> Last Edition.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>James Dearden</i>, Upton House, Poole.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Clarendon's History of the Rebellion.</span> Folio.
+  Oxford, 1703. Vol. I.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. John James Avington</i>, Hungerford.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Recollections and Reflections during the Reign of
+  George III.</span>, by John Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway,
+  1820.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>G. Cornewall Lewis</i>, Kent House, Knightsbridge.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">An Examination of the Charters and Statutes of
+  Trinity College, Dublin</span> (with the Postscript), by George Miller,
+  D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804.</p>
+
+  <p>A [First] <span class="sc">Letter to the Rev. Dr. Pusey</span>, in
+  reference to his Letter to the Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller,
+  D.D. London, 1840.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. B. H. Blacker</i>, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Dillwin's British Conifer�.</span> 4to. 115 Coloured
+  Plates. London, 1809.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">(Scioppius) Scaliger Hypobolym�us</span>, h. e.
+  Elenchus Epistol� Josephi Burdonis Pseudo-Scaligeri de Vetustate et
+  Splendore Gestis Scaligeri. 4to. Mainz, 1607.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Williams and Norgate</i>, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">�stimator</span> <i>is informed that a new edition of
+  Sir R. Philips's</i> Million of Facts <i>has just been published</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>N. E. H. <i>will find a full history of Cocker's</i> Arithmetic <i>in
+  De Morgan's</i> Books of Arithmetic.</p>
+
+  <p>C. E. C. (Reading). <i>The volume in question is Lyte's Translation of
+  Dodoens'</i> Historie of Plantes.</p>
+
+  <p>T. C. B. <i>Defoe's</i> De Jure Divino <i>was first published in
+  folio, 1706</i>. <i>See Wilson's</i> Life, vol. ii. p. 465. <i>et
+  seq.</i></p>
+
+  <p>X. Y. Z. <i>Is our Correspondent sure that a clergyman on being
+  inducted is locked up in the church and obliged to toll the bell
+  himself?</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">P. M. Hart</span> <i>will find the line</i>,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Men are but children of a larger growth,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>in Dryden's</i> All for Love.</p>
+
+  <p>S. S. (Andover). <i>We do not believe that Mr. Brayley ever published
+  any more than the first volume of his</i> Graphic and Historical
+  Illustrator.</p>
+
+  <p>C. H. (Cambridge) <i>is referred to</i> "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. i., pp.
+  211. 236. 325. 357. 418., <i>for the history of the proverbial
+  saying</i>, "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb."</p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii.,
+  <i>price Three Guineas and a Half</i>.&mdash;<i>Copies are being made up
+  and may be had by order.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 554 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page554"></a>{554}</span></p>
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.&nbsp;P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+      <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>�</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally,
+  are invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the
+  SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages
+  of Mutual Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established
+  1837. Number of Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half
+  Millions.</p>
+
+  <p>Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is
+  invited to the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are
+  now allowed as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec.</p>
+      <p>London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases. In five qualities, and adapted to all
+  climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases. 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23 and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+  Establishments.&mdash;The superiority of this preparation is now
+  universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and
+  principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto
+  no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+  pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
+  where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale
+  price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and
+  exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Caution.</span>&mdash;Each Bottle is Stamped with a
+  Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to
+  counterfeit which is felony.</p>
+
+  <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware
+  of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable
+  detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with
+  a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS,
+  CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and
+  may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1<i>s.</i>,
+  2<i>s.</i>, and 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67.
+  St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY &amp; CO., 95. Farringdon
+  Street, Wholesale Agents.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.&mdash;OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED
+  FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the
+  Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to
+  any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking
+  either Views or Portraits.&mdash;The Trade supplied.</p>
+
+  <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
+  Frames, &amp;c. may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
+  Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>New Inventions, Models, &amp;c., made to order or from Drawings.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.&mdash;An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+  celebrated French, Italian and English Photographers embracing Views of
+  the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission
+  6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea;
+  Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,</p>
+      <p>168. NEW BOND STREET.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delivery of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used in
+  this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289.
+  Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior. In sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Geology or the like, and in which he
+  has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,</p>
+      <p>HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE STEREOSCOPE,</p>
+
+  <p>Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An
+  Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>London: WALTON &amp; MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane,
+  Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, by the same Author, price 1<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr.
+  Thomas Reid.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nothing in my opinion can be more congenial than your refutation of
+  M. Jobert."&mdash;<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON.
+  Birmingham: H. C. LANGBRIDGE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.&mdash;Plates, Cases, Passepartouts. Best and
+  Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p>
+
+  <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Price List Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price and Description
+  of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of</p>
+
+  <p>PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+  WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travel requisites, Gratis on
+  application, or sent free by post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+  <p>J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 18. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets
+  and Portable Laboratories, 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,
+  10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>,
+  63<i>s.</i>, and upwards. Book of Experiments. 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated
+  Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.</p>
+
+  <p>WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street,
+  Islington London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>SPECTACLES.&mdash; Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYEGLASSES for
+  the Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that
+  being the only correct method of determining the exact focus of the
+  Lenses required, and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of
+  improper Glasses.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>BLAND &amp; LONG Opticians, 153. Fleet</p>
+      <p>Street, London.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 555 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page555"></a>{555}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, royal 12mo., pp. 430, with a Plan showing the localities of
+  the London Libraries, and ground plan of the Libraries in the British
+  Museum, cloth, 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<h3>HANDBOOK</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">TO THE</p>
+
+<h2>LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM:</h2>
+
+  <p>Containing a Brief history of its Formation, and of the various
+  Collections of which it is composed; Descriptions of the Catalogues in
+  present use: Classed Lists of the Manuscripts, &amp;c.: and a variety of
+  Information indispensable for the "Readers" at that Institution. With
+  some Account of the Principal Libraries in London. By RICHARD SIMS, of
+  the Department of Manuscripts; Compiler of the "Index to the Heralds'
+  Visitations."</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon,
+  Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious Useful and Valuable Old Books.
+  Vol. I. Pp. 436. Cloth, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Part V., price 2<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i>, published Quarterly, is now ready.</p>
+
+  <p>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains the following
+  articles:&mdash;1. Memoranda on Mexico&mdash;Brantz Mayer's Historical
+  and Geographical Account of Mexico from the Spanish Invasion. 2. Notes on
+  Medi�val Art in France, by J.&nbsp;G. Waller. 3. Philip the Second and Antonio
+  Perez. 4. On the Immigration of the Scandinavians into Leicestershire, by
+  James Wilson. 5. Wanderings of an Antiquary by Thomas Wright, Old Sarum.
+  6. Mitford's Mason and Gray. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; Duke of
+  Wellington's Descent from the House of Stafford; Extracts from the MS.
+  Diaries of Dr. Stukeley; English Historical Portraits, and Granger's
+  Biographical History of England; Scottish Families in Sweden, &amp;c.
+  With Notes of the Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of
+  Antiquarian and Literary Societies; Historical Chronicle, and <span
+  class="sc">Obituary</span>; including Memoirs of the Earl of Kenmare,
+  Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Lady Eliz. Norman, Lord Charles Townshend,
+  Sir Wm. Betham, Sir Wm. Bain, Gen. Montholon, M. Arago, Lieut. Bellot,
+  R.&nbsp;J. Smyth, Esq., M.P.; C. Baring Wall, Esq., M.P.; Rev. G. Faussett,
+  D.D.; Colin C. Macaulay, Esq.; Jas. Ainsworth, Esq.; &amp;c. Price
+  2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NICHOLS &amp; SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day is published, 8vo., price 1<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>JUSTIFICATION: a Sermon preached before the University at St. Mary's,
+  on the Twenty-fourth Sunday after Trinity. By the REV. E.&nbsp;B. PUSEY, D.D.,
+  Regius Professor of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Love the truth and peace."&mdash;Zech. viii. 19.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Oxford &amp; London:</p>
+      <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, fcap. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>ADVENT READINGS from the FATHERS. Selected from the Library of the
+  Fathers. Uniform with the Lent Readings.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Oxford &amp; London:</p>
+      <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day is published, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the Third Edition,
+  with a Preface in reply to Mr. Maurice's Letter.</p>
+
+  <p>GROUNDS FOR LAYING BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF KING'S COLLEGE LONDON,
+  CERTAIN STATEMENTS contained in a RECENT PUBLICATION, entitled.
+  "THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS, by the REV. F.&nbsp;D. MAURICE, M.A., Professor of
+  Divinity in King's College." By R.&nbsp;W. JELF, D.D., Principal of the
+  College and Canon of Christ Church.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Oxford and London:</p>
+      <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, price One Shilling.</p>
+
+  <p>THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.&mdash;Vol. II., No. II. for DECEMBER.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. Our National Gallery and its Prospects.</p>
+      <p>2. Wallachia and Moldavia.</p>
+      <p>3. The National Drama.</p>
+      <p>4. Kaiserswerth and the Protestant Deaconesses.</p>
+      <p>5. The Well of Clisson.</p>
+      <p>6. Proverbial Philosophy, or Old Saws with a New Edge.</p>
+      <p>7. The Interesting Pole&mdash;concluded.</p>
+      <p>8. Discovery of America in the Tenth Century.</p>
+      <p>9. Magazines.</p>
+      <p>10. Notices&mdash;Landmarks of History. Arnold's Poems.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Also,</p>
+
+  <p>Volume I. containing the First Six Numbers, in handsome cloth binding,
+  gilt edges, price 7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>At THE OFFICE, 1<span class="scac">A</span>. Exeter Street. Strand,
+  London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ROBERT COCKS &amp; CO.'S NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.</p>
+
+  <p>OCTAVO EDITIONS of the ORATORIOS.&mdash;MESSIAH, from Mozart's score,
+  with an Appendix and other Additions., by JOHN BISHOP. 6<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> THE CREATION, uniformly with "Messiah," also by JOHN BISHOP,
+  4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> SAMSON, by DR. CLARKE, 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THEORY OF MUSIC.&mdash;Works of DR MARX.&mdash;A SYLLABUS of the
+  contents of the UNIVERSAL SCHOOL of MUSIC, and the School of Composition,
+  with Critical Notices, may be had, Gratis and Postage Free, on
+  Application to ROBERT COCKS &amp; Co.</p>
+
+  <p>THE BLACKBIRD QUADRILLES. By RICARDO LINTER. Piano solo, 3<i>s.</i>:
+  Duet, 4<i>s.</i> "Another of the admired sets by the author of the Canary
+  Quadrilles and the Goldfinch Quadrilles, elegantly composed, as they are
+  happily conceived."</p>
+
+  <p>NEW QUADRILLES.-The NICE YOUNG MAIDEN'S and the NICE YOUNG BACHELOR'S
+  QUADRILLES By STEPHEN GLOVER. Also, by the same distinguished Composer,
+  the Gipsy Quadrilles, with Cherry Ripe, the Gipsy's Life, I'd be a
+  Butterfly, &amp;c.; the Great Globe, Osborne, Eugenie, Mamma's and Papa's
+  Quadrilles, 3<i>s.</i> each set: Duets, 4<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>London ROBERT COCKS &amp; CO.,</p>
+      <p>Publishers to the Queen.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>To be had of all Music Sellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BARTHOLOMEW FAIR, from the Reign of Edward the Second to that of
+  Charles the First. Price 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Proclamations against Stage Players. Issued in the Reign of Charles
+  the First and George the Second; and a Broadside respecting Shakspearian
+  Relics at Charlecote House. 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Pleasant Gleanings from the Most Ancient Newspapers, with a Facsimile
+  of a very Curious, Droll, and Interesting Newspaper of King Charles's
+  Reign. 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Sent Free by Post. Apply by Letter, inclosing Payment in Postage
+  Stamps to MR J. H. FENELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MR. BARTLETT'S NEW WORK.</p>
+
+  <p>On December 5th, super-royal 8vo., price 12<i>s.</i>, neatly
+  bound,</p>
+
+  <p>THE PILGRIM FATHERS; or, the Founders of New England in the reign of
+  James I. By W.&nbsp;H. BARTLETT, author of "Forty Days in the Desert," &amp;c.
+  With Twenty-eight Illustrations in Steel, and numerous Woodcuts.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE &amp; CO.,</p>
+      <p>25. Paternoster Row.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>NEW WORK BY REV. DR. CUMMING.</p>
+
+  <p>On December 5th, in fcap., price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, cloth,</p>
+
+  <p>CHRIST OUR PASSOVER. By REV. JOHN CUMMING, D.D. Uniform with the
+  "Finger of God."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE &amp; CO.,</p>
+      <p>25. Paternoster Row.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF "MARY POWELL."</p>
+
+  <p>This day is published, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, cloth,
+  antique,</p>
+
+  <p>CHERRY AND VIOLET; a Tale of the Great Plague. Uniform with "Edward
+  Osborne." &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE &amp; CO.,</p>
+      <p>25. Paternoster Row.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>On December 5th, in post 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i>, cloth, gilt,</p>
+
+  <p>AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF WILLIAM JERDAN with his Literary, Political, and
+  Social Reminiscences and Correspondence, during the last Forty Years.
+  Volume IV., completing the Work, with a Portrait of Sir E.&nbsp;B. Lytton, and
+  View of Knebworth.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ARTHUR HALL, VIRTUE &amp; CO.</p>
+      <p>25. Paternoster Row.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>New and Cheaper Edition, complete in 1 vol., medium 8vo., handsomely
+  bound and gilt. price 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PILGRIMAGES TO ENGLISH SHRINES. By MRS. S.&nbsp;C. HALL. With Notes and
+  Illustrations. By F.&nbsp;W. Fairholt, F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ARTHUR HALL &amp; VIRTUE CO.,</p>
+      <p>25. Paternoster Row.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Price 2<i>s.</i>, or, Post Free, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> in Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>PANTOMIME BUDGETS: Contains Notes and Queries on Things in General,
+  and Taxation in particular.</p>
+
+  <p>CROSS &amp; SON, 18. Holborn.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, No. II., for December, price Three Halfpence, of the
+  CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE. A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine
+  Arts, &amp;c. Devoted to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social
+  Elevation of the Great Body of the People.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents</span>:</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>A Story that has Truth in it.&mdash;Chapter II.</p>
+      <p>The Strength and the Weakness of Numbers.</p>
+      <p>The Chinese Revolution.</p>
+      <p>The Church&mdash;What is it?</p>
+      <p>"Sitting under Mr. &mdash;&mdash;."</p>
+      <p>Northern Worthies.&mdash;No. I. Gilpin.</p>
+      <p>Intelligence.</p>
+      <p>Poetry.</p>
+      <p>Enigma.</p>
+      <p>Reviews.</p>
+      <p>Miscellaneous.</p>
+      <p>Correspondence.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>GEORGE BELL. 186 Fleet Street, London: and all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 556 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page556"></a>{556}</span></p>
+
+<h3>PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">SOLD BY</p>
+
+<h2>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,</h2>
+
+<h3>36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and
+  the series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity
+  and curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number.
+  The impression of each work is most strictly limited.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+  <p>MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur;
+  now first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral.
+  Seventy-five Copies printed. 5<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** A very curious Romance, full of allusions interesting to the
+  Antiquary and Philologist. It contains nearly eight thousand lines.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln;
+  now first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One
+  Hundred Copies printed. 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** This is a religious poetical Romance, unknown to Warton. Its
+  poetical merits are beyond its age.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare
+  Books and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the
+  Seventeenth Century. Seventy-five Copies printed.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** Out of print separately, but included in the few remaining
+  complete sets.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with
+  numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and
+  other curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1<i>l.</i>
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">V.</p>
+
+  <p>THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and
+  Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire; to which is added THE
+  PALATINE GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i>
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VI.</p>
+
+  <p>THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, illustrated
+  by Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i>
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:&mdash;Harry White his Humour, set
+  forth by M.&nbsp;P.&mdash;Comedie of the two Italian Gentlemen&mdash;Tailor's
+  Travels on London to the Isle of Wight, 1648&mdash;Wyll Bucke his
+  Testament&mdash;The Booke of Merry Riddles, 1629&mdash;Comedie of All for
+  Money, 1578&mdash;Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco, 1630&mdash;Johnson's New
+  Booke of New Conceites, 1630&mdash;Love's Garland, 1624.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VII.</p>
+
+  <p>THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.&mdash;An Extensive Collection of Ballads and
+  Poems, respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies
+  printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** This Work contains upwards of 400 pages, and includes a reprint of
+  the very curious Poem, called "Yorkshire Ale," 1697, as well as a great
+  variety of Old Yorkshire Ballads.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VIII, IX.</p>
+
+  <p>A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes,
+  Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins
+  sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this
+  form. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">X.</p>
+
+  <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS, AND
+  INVENTORIES, Illustrating the History of Prices between the Years 1650
+  and 1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies
+  printed. 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XI.</p>
+
+  <p>THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the
+  Lancashire Witches, by Heywood and Shadwell, viz., the "Late Lancashire
+  Witches," and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue o'Divelly, the Irish
+  Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XII.</p>
+
+  <p>THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare
+  Tracts, relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed.
+  2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p>
+
+  <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE
+  BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of
+  Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1<i>l.</i>
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p>
+
+  <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH: a
+  Play attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies.
+  Eighty Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21<i>l.</i> A reduction
+  made in favour of permanent libraries on application, it being obvious
+  that the works cannot thence return into the market to the detriment of
+  original subscribers.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street. in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, December
+  3, 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 214,
+December 3, 1853, by Various
+
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 214, December 3, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27011]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{533}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 214.]
+SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+
+    Peter Brett                                                533
+    Richard's "Guide through France," by Weld Taylor           534
+    Women and Tortoises                                        534
+    Weather Rules, by W. Winthrop                              535
+    Occasional Forms of Prayer, by Rev. Thomas Lathbury        535
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Chair Moving--Epitaph on Politian
+      in the Church of the Annunciation at Florence--
+      Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon--The
+      early Delights of Philadelphia--Misapplication of
+      Terms--"Plantin" Bibles in 1600--Ancient Gold
+      Collar found in Staffordshire                            537
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    Pictures in Hampton Court Palace                           538
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Helmets--The Nursrow--City
+      Bellmen--Pope's Elegy on An Unfortunate Lady--
+      "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind"--Passage
+      in the "Christian Year"--David's Mother--Emblems
+      --"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira"
+      --"Quid facies," &c.--Will of Peter the Great--
+      H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare--MS. by Rubens on
+      Painting--Peter Allan--Haschisch or Indian Hemp
+      --Crieff Compensation--Admission to Lincoln's Inn,
+      the Temple, and Gray's Inn--Orders for the Household
+      of Lord Montagu                                          538
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Cateaton Street--
+      Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-Frame--
+      Cocker's Arithmetic--Lyke Porch or Litch Porch--
+      Henry Burton--British Mathematicians--"Les
+      Lettres Juives"                                          540
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Attainment of Majority                                     541
+    Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton                     543
+    Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                               544
+    Anticipatory Use of the Cross, by J. W. Thomas and
+      Eden Warwick                                             545
+    Decorative Pavement Tiles from Caen, by Albert Way
+      and Gilbert J. French                                    547
+    Mottos of the Emperors of Germany                          548
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Simplicity of Calotype
+      Process--Albumized Paper--New Developing
+      Mixture--Queries on the Albumenized Process              548
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Poems in connexion
+      with Waterloo--Richard Oswald--Grammont's
+      Marriage--Life--Muscipula--Berefellarii--Harmony
+      of the Four Gospels--Picts' Houses and Argils
+      --Boswell's "Johnson"--Pronunciation of "Humble"
+      --Continuation of Robertson--Nostradamus--
+      Quantity of Words--"Man proposes, but God disposes"
+      --Polarised Light                                        549
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Notes on Books, &c.                                        552
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               553
+    Notices to Correspondents                                  553
+    Advertisements                                             554
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+PETER BRETT.
+
+Your correspondent T. K. seems to think that Scotchmen, and Scotch
+subjects, have an undue prominence in "N. & Q.:" let me therefore introduce
+to your readers a neglected _Irishman_, in the person of Peter Brett, the
+"parish clerk and schoolmaster of Castle-Knock." This worthy seems to have
+been a great author, and the literary oracle of the district over which he
+presided, and exercised the above-named important functions. His _magnum
+opus_ appears to have been his _Miscellany_; a farrago of prose and verse,
+which, to distinguish it from the herd of books bearing that title, is
+yclept, _par excellence_, Brett's _Miscellany_. When Mr. Brett commenced to
+enlighten the world, and when his candle was snuffed out, I know not. My
+volume of the above work purports to be the fifth:
+
+    "Containing above a hundred useful and entertaining Particulars,
+    Divine, Moral, and Historical; chiefly designed for the Improvement of
+    Youth, and those who have not the Opportunity of reading large Volumes.
+    Interspersed with several Entertaining Things never before printed.
+    Dublin, 1762."
+
+The parish clerk's _bill of fares_ is of the most seductive kind. Under all
+the above heads he has something spicy to say, either in prose or verse;
+but the marrow of the book lies in the Preface. To say that a man, holding
+the important offices of parish clerk and schoolmaster, could be charged
+with conceit, would be somewhat rash; if, therefore, in remarking upon the
+rare instance of a parish clerk becoming an author, he lets out that
+"whatever cavillers may say about his performance, they must admit his
+extensive reading, and the great labour and application the concoction of
+these books has cost him," he is but indulging in a feeling natural to a
+man of genius, and a pardonable ebullition of the _amour propre_. Mr. Brett
+seems to have been twitted with the charge of taking up authorship as a
+commercial spec; he sullenly admits that his book-making leaves him
+something, but nothing like a recompense, and draws an invidious comparison
+between one Counsellor Harris and himself; the {534} former having received
+200l. per annum for collecting materials for the _Life of King William
+III._, while he, the schoolmaster of Castle-Knock, scarcely gets salt to
+his porridge for his _Collections and Observations for perpetuating the
+Honour and Glory of the King of Kings_.
+
+Peter farther boasts that these his volumes
+
+    "Contain the juice and marrow of many excellent and learned authors,
+    but compacted after such an ingenious manner, that the learned would
+    find it a great difficulty to show in what authors they are to be
+    found!"
+
+A plan for which, I think, the learned would award him the _birch_. Mrs.
+Brett is no less a genius than her husband; and she takes advantage of the
+publication of the _Miscellany_, to stick the following little bill upon
+the back of the title:
+
+    "Ann Brett, wife of the said Peter, at the sign of the _Shroud_ in
+    Christ Church Lane, opposite to the Church, makes and sells all Sorts
+    of Shrouds, draws all Sorts of Patterns, does all manner of Pinking,
+    and teaches Young Misses Reading and Writing, Arithmetic, and Plain
+    Work. The Dublin Society," she adds, "was pleased to honour her with a
+    handsome Present for her Curious Performance with the Pen."
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD'S "GUIDE THROUGH FRANCE."
+
+(Translated from the French on the 12th edition. Paris: Audin, 25. Quai des
+Augustins.)
+
+As we are not supposed to be sensible of our own failings, I should much
+wish to know whether any English-French exists equal to some French-English
+I know of, and inclose a specimen. MR. P. CHASLES has played the critic so
+well with the English tongue, that perhaps he can find us a few specimens.
+Without doubt, it will be a wholesome correction to the Malaprop spirit if
+she is shown up a little; and I regret extremely that MR. P. CHASLES was
+not invited to correct the proofs of the _Itineraire de France_. Here we
+are posting with M. Richard:
+
+    "The courier a franc-etrier cannot use bridle of their own, they must
+    not outrun the postilion who leads them, and the post master if they
+    might arrive at, without their postillion, must not give them horse
+    before this last is come. The supply-horses, according to the number of
+    persons, shall be put to carriages as much as the disposition of the
+    vehicles will admit. For example, three horses shall be put to
+    cabriolets, and till six to the berline, but as it should not be
+    possible, to put a horse en arbalete (cross-bow) without notable
+    accidents, either to caleches with two horses or to the limonieres;
+    they shall be obliged to pay the charge for supply horse."
+
+Here we are in a steamer, p. 52.:
+
+    "The sea is smooth, the sky pure, the air calm, everything promises a
+    happy navigation, our boat is in a very favourable position in the
+    middle of the Seine, on the right hand the hills of Honfleur, on the
+    left the coast of Ingouville, let us pause a little more on these
+    shores we are going to leave: behold on the east the fortifications of
+    Havre, small seats! clusters of trees! this is the village of l'Eure
+    threatened by the sea of an entire destruction. We must not pass over
+    this green hill so delightful to view, standing on the opposite shore
+    seamen would not forgive my silence, among these high trees stands a
+    chapel dedicated to Notre-Dame-de-Grace. Ingouville is of 4,800
+    inhabitants, among which a great many Englishmen live there as in their
+    own country, having their particular churchyard, physicians, and many
+    occasions of hearing from England, which they can perceive from their
+    pavilions. The traveller can go to Elbeuf by land or water. The lover
+    of the scenes of nature will enjoy very romantical prospects, a new
+    kind of view will strike his sight, a long train of rocks called
+    D'Orival, the most part steep, covered with evergreen trees, which seem
+    shoot out, with difficulty, of their craggings."
+
+He tells us Soissons (p. 102.) "has a college, a pretty theatre, and a
+bishoprick-sec, from the Cradle of Christianity into the Gauls." At
+Coulommieres (Seine et Marne), "the sciences are not cultivated, but the
+inhabitants know pretty well how to play at nine pins." At Fontaines les
+Cornues, "the inhabitants of Paris with a small expense can procure to
+himself a scenery scarecely to be found in the other quarter of the globe!"
+At Chatillion-sur-Seine, "the streets are neat and well aired." At Arles,
+p. 361., a head of a goddess carved in marble:
+
+    "The way in which the neck and left shoulder are ended, points out that
+    the head is _related_ to a figure in drapery cut in another block."
+
+    "The merchant of Bordeaux is distinguished by his noble easy and
+    pompous manner, he makes himself easily forgiven a sort of boasting,
+    which is the foible of the country."
+
+How the ladies bathe at Mont d'Or, p. 218.:
+
+    "At five in the morning bathing begins. Two hardy Highlanders go and
+    fetch in a kind of deal boxes the fashionable lady, who when in town
+    never quits her bed-down before noon, the annuitant, the rich man, are
+    all brought in the same manner in these boxes. It is one of the most
+    pleasant bathing establishments; it offers a peristyle, a small
+    resting-room, a warming-place for linen, with partitions to prevent its
+    mixture."
+
+The work consists of 446 mortal pages though I am bound to say a portion
+here and there is respectably written.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WOMEN AND TORTOISES.
+
+I had intended sending you a paper on Bishop Taylor's _Similes_, with
+Illustrative Notes on some Passages in his Works; but I soon found that
+your utmost indulgence could not afford me a tithe of {535} the space I
+would require. Instead, therefore, send you an illustration of a single
+simile, as it is short, and not the least curious in the lot:
+
+    "All _vertuous women_, _like tortoises_, carry their house on their
+    heads, and their chappel in their heart, and their danger in their eye,
+    and their souls in their hands, and God in all their actions."--_Life
+    of Christ_, Part I. s. ii. 4.
+
+    "_Phidias made the statue of Venus at Elis with one foot upon the shell
+    of a tortoise_, to signify two great duties of a virtuous woman, which
+    are to keep home and be silent."--_Human Prudence_, by W. De Britaine,
+    12th edit.: Dublin, 1726, 12mo., p. 134.
+
+    "Vertuous women should keep house, and 'twas well performed and ordered
+    by the Greeks:
+
+     '    .    .    .   mulier ne qua in publicum
+      Spectandam se sine arbitro praebeat viro:'
+
+    Which made Phidias, belike, at Elis paint _Venus treading on a
+    tortoise_: a symbole of women's silence and housekeeping.... I know not
+    what philosopher he was, that would have women come but thrice abroad
+    all their time, to be _baptized_, _married_, _and buried_; but he was
+    too straitlaced."--Burton's _Anat. Mel._, part iii. sec. 3. mem. 4.
+    subs. 2.
+
+    "_Apelles us'd to paint a good housewife upon a snayl_; which intimated
+    that she should be as slow from gadding abroad, and when she went she
+    shold carry her house upon her back: that is, she shold make all sure
+    at home. Now, to a good housewife, her house shold be as the sphere to
+    a star (I do not mean a _wandring_ star), wherin she shold twinckle as
+    a star in its orb."--Howell's _Parly of Beasts_: Lond. 1660, p. 58.
+
+The last passage reminds us of the fine lines of Donne (addressed to _both_
+sexes):
+
+ "Be then thine own home, and in thyself dwell;
+    Inn anywhere;
+  And seeing the _snail_, which everywhere doth roam,
+  Carrying his own home still, still is at home,
+  Follow (for he is easy-paced) this _snail_:
+  Be thine own palace, or the world's thy jail."
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WEATHER RULES.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 373. 522. 599. 627.)
+
+J. A., Jun., being desirous of forming a list of weather rules, I send the
+following, in the hope that they may be acceptable to him, and interesting
+to those of your readers who have never met with the old collection from
+which they are taken.
+
+          _English._
+
+  In April, Dove's-flood is worth a king's good.
+  Winter thunder, a summer's wonder.
+  March dust is worth a king's ransom.
+  A cold May and a windy, makes a fat barn and findy.
+
+          _Spanish._
+
+  April and May, the keys of the year.
+  A cold April, much bread and little wine.
+  A year of snow, a year of plenty.
+  A red morning, wind or rain.
+  The moon with a circle brings water in her beak.
+  Bearded frost, forerunner of snow.
+  Neither give credit to a clear winter nor cloudy spring.
+  Clouds above, water below.
+  When the moon is in the wane do not sow anything.
+  A red sun has water in his eye.
+  Red clouds in the east, rain the next day.
+  An eastern wind carrieth water in his hand.
+  A March sun sticks like a lock of wool.
+  When there is a spring in winter, and a winter in spring, the year is
+      never good.
+  When it rains in August, it rains wine or honey.
+  The circle of the moon never filled a pond, but the circle of the sun
+      wets a shepherd.
+
+          _Italian._
+
+  Like a March sun, which heats but doth not melt.
+  Dearth under water, bread under snow.
+  Young and old must go warm at Martlemas.
+  When the cock drinks in summer, it will rain a little after.
+  As Mars hasteneth all the humours feel it.
+  In August, neither ask for olives, chesnuts, nor acorns.
+  January commits the fault, and May bears the blame.
+  A year of snow, a year of plenty.
+
+          _French._
+
+  When it thunders in March, we may cry Alas!
+  A dry year never beggars the master.
+  An evening red, and a morning grey, makes a pilgrim sing.
+  January or February do fill or empty the granary.
+  A dry March, a snowy February, a moist April, and a dry May, presage a
+      good year.
+  To St. Valentine the spring is a neighbour.
+  At St. Martin's winter is in his way.
+  A cold January, a feverish February, a dusty March, a weeping April, a
+      windy May, presage a good year and gay.
+
+W. WINTHROP.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.
+
+I now send you a list of Occasional Forms of Prayer in my own possession,
+in the hope that the example may be followed by other individuals.
+
+    A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer table twise a Weke, and also an
+    Order of Publique Fast to be used every Wednesday, &c. during this time
+    of Mortalitie, &c. London, 1563.
+
+This was the first published occasional form of the reign of Elizabeth.
+
+{536}
+
+    A Fourme to be used in Common Prayer every Sunday, Wednesday, and
+    Friday throughout the whole Realme: to excite and stirre up all Godly
+    People to pray for the Preservation of those Christians and their
+    Countreys that are now invaded by the Turke in Hungary or elsewhere.
+    Set fourthe by The Reverend Father in God, Matthew, Archbishop of
+    Cantaburie. Imprinted by Richarde Jugge and John Cawood. 4to.
+
+There is no date; but it is ascertained that this form was put forth in the
+year 1566.
+
+    The Order of Prayer and other Exercises upon Wednesdays and Fridays,
+    &c. 4to. Christopher Barker. 1580.
+
+This was put forth in consequence of an earthquake.
+
+    Prayers. 1584.
+
+They consist of "A Prayer for all Kings," &c., "A Prayer for the Queene,"
+&c., and "A Prayer in the Parliament onely." They are appended to _Treasons
+of Pary_, forming part of the volume.
+
+    An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Safety of Her Majesty.
+    1594.
+
+    Certaine Prayers set forth by Authoritie to be used for the Prosperous
+    Successe of her Majesties Forces and Navy. 4to. The Deputies of
+    Christopher Barker, 1597.
+
+    An Order for Prayer and Thanksgiving (necessary in these dangerous
+    Times) for the Safety of her Majestie and the Realme. 4to. The Deputies
+    of C. Barker. _No date._
+
+    An Order for Publike Prayers within the Province of Canterbury. No
+    date. By the Queen's Printer.
+
+    Prayers for the Queen's safe Deliverance, London, 1605.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. Nov. 5. London, 1605.
+
+The original edition.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c., Nov. 5. London, 1620.
+
+    Form, &c. for the 5th of August, being the Day of His Highnesse's happy
+    Deliverance from the Earle of Gowry. London, 1623.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast during the Plague. 1625.
+
+The "Prayer for the Parliament" appears for the first time in this form.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. War and Pestilence. 1626.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. War. 1628.
+
+    Forme of Prayer, &c. for averting God's heauy Visitation, &c. 1636.
+
+This is the form which was attacked by Burton and Prynne, and on which a
+charge was raised against Laud.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Plague. 1640
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. War. Oxford, 1643.
+
+This is the form authorised by Charles I. to be used at the commencement of
+the war. It is frequently alluded to by the Parliamentary writers of the
+period. The House of Commons had ordered a monthly fast, and Charles
+commanded that the second Friday in every month should be set apart for the
+same purpose. This form was to be used on such occasions.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Oxford, 1643.
+
+The same as the preceding, but a different edition, one being in
+black-letter, the other in Roman. Both were printed in Oxford, and in the
+same year.
+
+    A Collection of Prayers and Thanksgivings used in His Majesties Chapel
+    and in his Armies, upon occasion of the late Victories against the
+    Rebels. Oxford, 1643.
+
+This was reprinted at York in 1644.
+
+    The Cavaliers' New Common Prayer Booke, unclasp't. Reprinted at London,
+    with some briefe and necessary Obseruations to refute the Lyes and
+    Scandalls that are contained in it. 1644.
+
+This is a reprint of the preceding form, with a scurrilous preface and
+observations. The prayers are given as they stand in the Royal form, but
+with parenthetical sentences of a most abusive character after almost every
+paragraph. Thus, after the clause, "Pity a despised Church," the authors
+add, "You mean the prelates and their hierarchy." After the next clause,
+"and a distracted State," they add, "made so by your wicked party." In one
+of the thanksgivings, after "Glory be to God," we have, "Your mock prayers
+defraud Him of His glory." Then, after the words "We praise thee, we bless
+thee," &c., from the Communion Office, we have, "Softly, lest you want
+breath, and thank the old Common Prayer Book for that."
+
+    Private Forms for these Sad Times. Oxford, 1645.
+
+    A Form of Thanksgiving, to be used the Seventh Day of September,
+    thorowout the Diocese of Lincoln, and in the Jurisdiction of
+    Westminster.
+
+This remarkable form has no date, but it was put forth by Williams, then
+Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of Westminster, in the year 1641. The House of
+Commons had ordered a day of Thanksgiving; but they were greatly offended
+with Williams, on account of this form, and, instead of going to St.
+Margaret's Church as usual, where it was ordered to be read, they attended
+divine service, after their own fashion, in the chapel of Lincoln's Inn.
+
+    A Supply of Prayers for the Ships of this Kingdom that want Ministers
+    to pray with them agreeable to the Directory, &c. London. Published by
+    authority.
+
+A Presbyterian form, and the only one ever published by men who decried all
+forms. It was put forth, as the preface admits, because the sailors clung
+to the Book of Common Prayer.
+
+    Prayers to be used in the Armies. 1648.
+
+    A Form of Prayer used at His Majesties Chapel at the Hague. 1650.
+
+    Prayers for those who mourn, &c. 1659.
+
+    Form of Common Prayer, to be used on the Thirtieth of January, &c.
+    1661.
+
+This form differs materially from that subsequently put forth by
+Convocation, with the revised Prayer Book of 1662. There was also another
+form still earlier, in the year 1661, in which some singular and obnoxious
+petitions relative to Charles I. were found. {537}
+
+    A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, to be used on the 29th of May,
+    1661.
+
+The original edition. It differs from that which was sanctioned by
+Convocation and published in 1662.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. June 12. Fast during a Dearth. 1661.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast during a Sickness. 1661.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast, to implore a Blessing on the Naval Forces. April 5,
+    1665.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving for Victory by Naval Forces. July 4, 1665.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast, on occasion of the Fire of London, 1666.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving for Victories at Sea. 1666.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. 1674.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. 1678.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Dublin, 1678.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. Dublin, 1679. To seek Reconciliation with God, and to
+    implore Him that he would infatuate and defeat the Counsels of the
+    Papists our Enemies. By the Lord Lieutenant.
+
+    Form, &c. Fast. 1680.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving. 1683. For the discovery of Treason.
+
+    Form, &c. Thanksgiving. 1685.
+
+    Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving for 29th May, 1685.
+
+First edition of this reign. It was altered by the authority of the Crown.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. January 30, 1685.
+
+First edition of this reign.
+
+    Form of Prayer, &c. February 6, 1685.
+
+The accession service of James II.
+
+    A Form or Order of Thanksgiving, to be used, &c. in behalf of the King,
+    the Queen, and the Royal Family, upon occasion of the Queen's being
+    with Child. 1687.
+
+This form was the occasion of much comment at the time.
+
+    A Form of Prayer with Thanksgiving, &c., for the Birth of the Prince.
+    1688.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1689.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1690.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1694.
+
+    A Form, &c. Fast. 1714. Thanksgiving on the Accession of George I.
+
+THOMAS LATHBURY.
+
+Bristol.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Chair Moving._--Recent occurrences made me look back at Glanvill's _Blow
+at Modern Sadducism_, and I observed that in his account of the "Daemon of
+Tedworth," who was supposed to haunt the house of Mr. Mompesson, and who
+was the original of Addison's "drummer," it is stated that on the 5th
+November, 1662, "in the sight and presence of the company, the chairs
+walked about the room," p. 124.
+
+N. B.
+
+_Epitaph on Politian in the Church of the Annunciation at Florence._--
+
+ "Politianus in hoc tumulo jacet Angelus, unum
+  Qui caput, et linguas (res nova) tres habuit."--From _Travels of Sir John
+      Reresby_.
+
+Y. B. N. J.
+
+    [The following translation of this epitaph is given in the _Ency.
+    Britannica_, but it is there stated to be in St. Mark's, Florence:
+
+     "Here lies Politian, who, things strange indeed,
+      Had, when alive, three tongues, and but one head."]
+
+_Epitaph in Torrington Churchyard, Devon._--
+
+ "She was--my words are wanting to say what.
+  Think what a woman should be--she was that."
+
+Which provoked the following reply:
+
+ "A woman should be both a wife and mother,
+  But Jenny Jones was neither one nor t'other."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_The early Delights of Philadelphia._--In Gabriel Thomas's _Description of
+the Settlement of Philadelphia_ occurs the following passage:
+
+    "In the said city are several good schools of learning for youth, for
+    the attainment of arts and sciences, also reading and writing. Here is
+    to be had, on any day in the week, cakes, tarts, and pies; we have also
+    several cook-shops, both roasting and boiling, as in the city of
+    London: happy blessings, for which we owe the highest gratitude to our
+    plentiful Provider, the great Creator of heaven and earth."
+
+Is not this a superb jumble?
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+_Misapplication of Terms._--_Legend_ is a thing "to be read" (_legendum_),
+but it is often improperly applied to traditions and _oral_ communications.
+Of this there have been some instances in "N. & Q." One has just turned up,
+Vol. v., p. 196.: "I send you these legends _as I have heard them from the
+lips_ of my nurse, a native of the parish."
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_"Plantin" Bibles in 1600._--While looking over the "Stackhouse Library"
+(see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 327.), I observed on the fly-leaf of an
+Hebrew Bible, 1600 (A. 100 in catalogue), a short MS. memorandum, which I
+think worth preserving. It ran as follows:
+
+                                             _L_ s. d.
+ "Plantin Heb. Bible, interlineing costes    2 10  0
+  Plantin in octavo                          1  0  0
+  Buxtorf's Biblia in two vols.              2 10  0
+  Hebw Bible, 4to. 2 vols.                   2  0  0
+  Inne 16^o 8 vols.                          2  0  0"
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+_Ancient Gold Collar found in Staffordshire._--It may probably interest
+some of your readers to {538} know that a very ancient golden collar was
+lately found in the village of Stanton, Staffordshire, which is about three
+miles north of Ashbourne.
+
+A labourer digging up a field, which had not been ploughed or dug up in the
+memory of man, turned up the collar, which, being curled up at the time,
+sprang up, and the labourer taking it for a snake, struck it out of his way
+with his spade: the next morning it was discovered not to be a snake.
+Unfortunately the blow had broken off a small piece at one end. The collar
+is now in the possession of the person with whom the curate of Stanton
+lodges. The description given to me is, that it is about two feet long, and
+formed of three pieces of gold twined together, and, with the above
+exception, in a very good state of preservation.
+
+I hear that there is a similar collar in the British Museum, that was found
+in Ireland, but none that was found in England; and that the authorities of
+the Museum have been informed of this collar, but have taken no steps to
+obtain possession of it.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+    [Our correspondent is under an erroneous impression as to gold torques
+    not being found in England. Several are figured in the _Archaeologia_,
+    and we have some reason to believe that the torque now described, and
+    of which we should be glad to receive any farther particulars,
+    resembles one which formed part of the celebrated Polden find described
+    by Mr. Harford in the fourteenth volume of the _Archaeologia_, and
+    figured at p. 90.; and also that found at Boyton in Suffolk in 1835,
+    and engraved in the _Archaeologia_, vol. xxvi. p. 471.--ED.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+PICTURES IN HAMPTON COURT PALACE.
+
+There are two or three of these concerning which I should be obliged to any
+reader of your publication who would satisfy my Queries.
+
+No. 119., "The Battle of Forty," by P. Snayers. This seems a kind of
+_combat a outrance_ of knights _armes de pied en cap_. Where can I find any
+account or detail of it?
+
+No. 314., "Mary of Lorraine, mother of Mary Queen of Scots." This is a very
+pleasing picture, in good preservation, and as it was not in its present
+position two years ago, I conclude it has recently been added. She was
+ninth child of Claude de Lorraine, first Duc de Guise, born in 1515, and
+married in 1538 to James V. of Scotland, and she died in the forty-fifth
+year of her age, 10th June, 1560. There are the arms of the Guise family in
+the right-hand corner, with a date of 1611. Pray by whom was it painted,
+and where can find any notices respecting it?
+
+No. 166., "George III. reviewing the 10th Light Dragoons, commanded by the
+Prince of Wales." This picture was considered the _chef d'oeuvre_ of Sir
+William Beechey, and was painted in 1798; and it has been supposed the
+likeness of the Duke of York was the best taken of that Prince. Could any
+reader inform me on what day this review took place?[1]
+
+When one sees a picture of Shakspeare, No. 276., and more especially in the
+palace of his cotemporary sovereigns, one is naturally led to inquire into
+its authenticity. I am therefore desirous to obtain some information
+relative to it.
+
+In "N. & Q.," vol. vi., p. 197., you had several correspondents inquiring
+concerning the custom of royalty dining in public: perhaps it may interest
+them to know that there are two very attractive pictures of this ceremony
+in this collection, numbered 293 and 294: the first is of Charles I. and
+Henrietta Maria; the other Frederick V., Count Palatine and King of
+Bohemia, who married Elizabeth, daughter of James I. These two pictures are
+by Van Bassen, of whom, perhaps, some correspondent may be enabled to give
+an account.
+
+[Phi].
+
+Richmond, Surrey.
+
+[Footnote 1: George III. had one or two copies of this picture taken for
+him; and there is a curious circumstance relative to one of these, which
+Lady Chatterton mentions in her _Home Sketches_, published in three vols.
+8vo., 1841: "In one respect the picture (which George III. gave to Lord
+Sidmouth, and which the latter had put up at the stone lodge in Richmond
+New Park) differs from the original at Hampton Court: it is singular enough
+that in this copy the figure of the Prince is omitted, _which was done by
+the King's desire_, and is a striking and rather comical proof of the
+dislike which he felt towards his son. When the Prince became King, he
+dined here, and remarked to Lord Sidmouth that his portrait had been
+omitted, and hinted that it ought to be restored. This, however, was
+evaded, and the copy remains in its original state."--Vol. i. pp. 18, 19.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Helmets._--What is the antiquity of the practice of placing helmets over
+the shields of armorial bearings; and what are the varieties of helmets in
+regard to the rank or degree of persons?
+
+S. N.
+
+_The Nursrow._--What is the origin of the word _Nursrow_, a name applied by
+Plott, in his _History of Staffordshire_, to the shrew mouse, and by the
+common people in Cheshire at the present day to the field-mouse; or rather,
+perhaps, indiscriminately to field and shrew mice?
+
+N. R.
+
+_City Bellmen._--When were city bellmen first established? By whom
+appointed? What were their duties? What and how were they paid? What have
+been their employment and duties down to the present day?
+
+CRITO.
+
+{539}
+
+_Pope's Elegy on an Unfortunate Lady._--In the new editions of Pope's
+_Works_, in course of publication, edited by Mr. Carruthers, Inverness, it
+is conjectured that the poet threw "ideal circumstances" into his most
+pathetic and melodious elegy, and "when he came to publish his letters, put
+wrong initials, as in other instances, to conceal the real names" (Pope's
+_Poet. Works_, Ingram, Cook, and Co., vol. ii. p. 184.). The initials are
+Mrs. W., niece of Lady A. I have always thought that a clue might be
+obtained to the name of this lady, by following up the hints in Pope's
+printed correspondence. Mrs. or Miss W. is mentioned or alluded to by
+Craggs and Pope, in connexion with the characters in the _Rape of the
+Lock_. One suggests the other. Inquiry should be directed to the families
+of Fernor of Tusmore, Lord Petre, and Sir George Brown. But I have heard a
+tradition in a Catholic family in the north of England that the lady was a
+Blount; probably one of the Blounts of Soddington, or of some one of the
+numerous branches of that ancient family.
+
+AN INQUIRER.
+
+_"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."_--In what author may this
+passage be found?
+
+ "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind."
+
+E. P. H.
+
+Clapham.
+
+_Passage in the "Christian Year."_--In the beautiful lines on Confirmation
+in this work, the following verse occurs:
+
+ "Steady and pure as stars that beam
+    In middle heaven, all mist above,
+  Seen deepest in the frozen stream:--
+    Such is their high courageous love."
+
+I should be grateful for an explanation of the _third_ line.
+
+A. A. D.
+
+_David's Mother._--I used to think it was impossible to ascertain from the
+Old Testament the name of David's mother. In the _Genealogies recorded in
+the Sacred Scriptures_, by J. S. (usually assumed to stand for John Speed,
+the historian and geographer), the name of the Psalmist's mother is given
+"Nahash." Can this be made out satisfactorily? Will the text 2 Sam. xvii.
+25., as compared with 1 Chron. ii. 15., warrant it?
+
+Y. B. N. J.
+
+_Emblems._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the emblematic
+meanings of the different precious stones, or of any of them? or in what
+work I shall find them described?
+
+N. D.
+
+_"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira."_--In an appeal to the Privy
+Council from Madras, the above unparalleled long word occurs as the
+descriptions of an estate. I believe that its extreme length and
+unpronounceable appearance is without an equal. Can any of your readers
+acquainted with Indian literature translate it? if so, it would greatly
+oblige
+
+F. J. G.
+
+_"Quid facies," &c._--I have lately met with the following curious play on
+words in an old MS. book. Can any of your correspondents give any account
+of it?
+
+ "Quid facies, facies Veneris si veneris ante?
+    Ne pereas, per eas; ne sedeas, sed eas!"
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Will of Peter the Great._--M. Lamartiniere, in a French pamphlet on the
+Eastern question, gives a document in several articles containing advice
+with respect to the policy of his successors on the throne of Russia, in
+which he advises her to make great advances in the direction of
+Constantinople, India, &c., and advocates the partition of Poland. Upon
+what authority does this document rest? and who is M. Lamartiniere?
+
+R. J. ALLEN.
+
+_H. Neele, Editor of Shakspeare._--In the preface to _Lectures on English
+Poetry, being the Remains of the late Henry Neele_ (Lond. 1830), mention is
+made of a new edition of Shakspeare's dramatic works, "under the
+superintendence of Mr. Neele as editor, for which his enthusiastic
+reverence for the poet of 'all time' peculiarly fitted him, but which, from
+the want of patronage, terminated after the publication of a very few
+numbers." These very few numbers must have appeared about 1824-1827; yet
+the answer to my repeated inquiries after them in London is always "We
+cannot hear of them." Can any one give me farther information?--From the
+_Navorscher_.
+
+J. M.
+
+_MS. by Rubens on Painting._--May I inquire of M. PHILARETE CHASLES whether
+he ever saw or heard of a manuscript said to be written in Latin by Rubens,
+and existing in the _Bibliotheque Nationale_ at Paris? One or two fragments
+have occasionally been quoted: I think one may be found in Sir Joshua
+Reynolds' _Discourses_, and the same is used by Burnet in his work on
+painting; but no authority is given as to the source of the information.[2]
+
+If such a work can be found, it would confer a great boon upon the
+profession of the fine arts, if it were brought to light without delay.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+[Footnote 2: [This may probably be Rubens's MS. Album, of which an account
+is given in Vertue's _Anecdotes of Painting_, vol. ii. pp. 185, 186.--ED.]]
+
+_Peter Allan._--Will some correspondent of "N. & Q." afford information as
+to the exact date and place of birth of the celebrated Peter Allan, whose
+cave at Sunderland is regarded as one of the principal curiosities of the
+north of England? {540} What is known of his general history; and is any
+member of his family now living?
+
+E. C.
+
+_Haschisch or Indian Hemp._--I have been for some time trying to procure
+some of the _Haschisch_, or Indian hemp, about which Dr. Moreau has
+published such an amusing book, _Du Haschisch et de l'Alienation Mentale_,
+Par. 1845.--Can any of your readers tell me where I can get any? The
+narcotic effects of the common hemp plant are well known in our country
+districts: where, under its ironical alias _Honesty_, the dried stalk is
+often smoked, but the tropical variety appears to be infinitely more
+powerful in its operation.
+
+V. T. STERNBERG.
+
+_Crieff Compensation._--During the rebellion in 1715, the village of
+Crieff, Perthshire, was burnt by the Highland army, on account of the
+attachment of its inhabitants to the royal cause. It has been stated that,
+some years ago, the descendants of the sufferers received from government a
+sum equivalent to a certain proportion of the loss which had been
+sustained.
+
+Is there any official record in reference to this compensation?
+
+D.
+
+_Admission to Lincoln's Inn, the Temple, and Gray's Inn._--Have there ever
+been published, or do there exist anywhere in MSS., lists of the persons
+who have been from time to time matriculated as students of those inns of
+court?
+
+A publication of them would be of the greatest value to the biographical
+department of literature.
+
+G.
+
+_Orders for the Household of Lord Montagu._--The second Viscount Montagu,
+grandson and heir of Anthony Browne, created Viscount in 1554, ob. 1592,
+compiled a detailed code of regulations for his family, thus entitled:
+
+    "A Booke of Orders and Rules established by me, Anthony, Viscount
+    Mountague, for the better direction and government of my howsholde and
+    family, together with the generall dutyes and charges apperteyninge to
+    myne officers and other servantes. Anno D[=n]i 1595."
+
+Has this curious illustration of ancient domestic manners ever been
+published?
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Cateaton Street._--I am anxious to ascertain the meaning and derivation of
+this word: the London Cateaton Street, I believe, is changed into Gresham
+Street. I have lately learnt that there is a Cateaton Street in Liverpool
+also.
+
+ETYMO.
+
+    [Cateaton Street, or "Catteten Street," says Stow, "is a corruption of
+    Catte Street, which beginneth at the north end of Ironmonger Lane, and
+    runneth to the west end of St. Lawrence Church." In 1845, this street
+    was renamed Gresham Street.]
+
+_Portrait of Lee, Inventor of the Stocking-frame._--In Hatton's _History of
+London_ (published in 1708), it is stated that a picture (by Balderston) of
+Lee, the inventor of the stocking-frame, hung in the hall of the Framework
+Knitters' Company. The inquirer wishes to ascertain whether the picture is
+yet in existence or not; and, if still in existence, where it can be seen.
+
+M. E.
+
+    [In Cunningham's _Handbook of London_, p. 527., s. v. _Weavers' Hall,
+    Basinghall Street_, is a quotation from the _Quarterly Review_ for
+    January, 1816, in which the picture is spoken of as then existing in
+    the Stocking Weavers' Hall.]
+
+_Cocker's Arithmetic_ (Vol. iv., pp. 102. 149.).--Some correspondence
+appears in "N. & Q." about the first edition of "Old Cocker." I should be
+glad to ascertain the date of the latest edition.
+
+TYRO.
+
+    [The British Museum contains the following editions of Cocker's
+    _Arithmetic_:--the 20th, Lond. 1700; the 37th, perused and published by
+    John Hawkins (with MS. notes), Lond. 1720; 41st, Lond. 1724; 50th,
+    corrected by Geo. Fisher, Lond. 1746. Watt notices one revised by J.
+    Mair, Edinb. 1751. In Professor de Morgan's _Arithmetical Books_, p.
+    56., where a full history of Cocker's book is given, mention is made of
+    an Edinburgh edition, 1765, and a Glasgow edition of 1777.]
+
+_Lyke Porch or Litch Porch._--What is the proper name for the porch found,
+not unfrequently, at the churchyard gate under which the body was, I
+believe, supposed to rest before the funeral? Is it _lyke_ or _litch_? The
+derivation may be different in different parts of England, as they were
+originally Saxon or Danish. _Lueg_ Dan., _lyk_ Dutch, and _leiche_ Ger., are
+all different forms of the same word. The first two approach nearer to
+_lyke_, the latter to _litch_.
+
+J. H. L.
+
+    [In most works on ecclesiastical architecture it is called _lich-gate_,
+    from Anglo-Saxon _lich_, a corpse: hence _Lich-field_, the field of
+    dead bodies. In the _Glossary of Architecture_ we read "_Lich-gate_, or
+    corpse-gate, _leichengang_, Germ., from the Ang.-Sax. _lich_, a corpse,
+    and _geat_, a gate; a shed over the entrance of a churchyard, beneath
+    which the bearers sometimes paused when bringing a corpse for
+    interment. The term is also used in some parts of the country for the
+    path by which a corpse is usually conveyed to the church."]
+
+_Henry Burton._--Henry Burton was born in 1579; studied at Oxford, and was
+at one time minister of St. Matthew, Friday Street. In 1636, he drew upon
+himself the vengeance of the Star-Chamber, by two discourses in which he
+severely inveighed against the bishops. For this offence he was fined,
+deprived of his ears, and sentenced to imprisonment for life. He was
+liberated by {541} the parliament in 1640, and died in 1648. What
+theological works did he write?--From the _Navorscher_.
+
+DIONYSIUS.
+
+    [Burton's pen was so prolific, that we cannot find room for a list of
+    his works; and must refer DIONYSIUS to the Bodleian Catalogue, where
+    they fill nearly a column, and to Watt's _Bibliotheca_, s.v.]
+
+_British Mathematicians._--I am anxious to learn if there is any book which
+contains an account of the lives and works of eminent British
+arithmeticians and mathematicians?
+
+EUCLID.
+
+    [Consult the following:--_Biographia Philosophica_: being an Account of
+    the Lives, Writings, and Inventions of the most eminent Philosophers
+    and Mathematicians, by Benjamin Martin: London, 1764, 8vo. There is
+    also a Chronological Table of the most eminent Mathematicians affixed
+    to John Bossut's _General History of Mathematics_, translated from the
+    French by John Bonnycastle: London, 1803, 8vo. Some notices of our
+    early English mathematicians will also be found in the _Companion to
+    the Almanac_ for 1837, and in the _Magazine of Popular Science_, Nos.
+    18. 20. and 22.]
+
+_"Les Lettres Juives."_--Will any of your correspondents inform me who is
+the author of _Lettres Juives_? The first volume of my edition, in eight
+volumes 12mo., has the portrait of Jean Batiste B., Marquis de ----, ne le
+29 Juin, 1704.
+
+J. R.
+
+Sunderland.
+
+    ["Par le Marquis D'Argens," says Barbier.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.)
+
+In replying to Professor DE MORGAN'S last communication on this subject, it
+may be as well, in order to avoid future misunderstanding, to revert
+briefly to my original question. I pointed out Ben Jonson's assertion,
+through a character in one of his plays, that about the beginning of the
+seventeenth century, it was the custom to regard the legal rights of
+majority as commencing with six o'clock A.M., and I asked to have that
+assertion reconciled with our present commencement at midnight, and with
+the statement that the latter is in accordance with the old reckoning.
+
+Thus I started with the production of affirmative evidence, to rebut which
+I cannot find, in the replies of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN, any negative evidence
+stronger than his individual opinion, which, however eminent in other
+respects, has undoubtedly the disadvantage of being two hundred years later
+than the contemporary evidence produced by me. I afterwards cited Arthur
+Hopton as authority that lawyers in England, in his time, did make use of a
+day which he classifies as that of the Babylonians; but inasmuch as he
+apparently restricts its duration to twelve hours, whereas all ancient
+writers concur in assigning to the Babylonians a day of twenty-four hours,
+there is evidently a mistake somewhere, attributable either to Hopton or
+his printers.
+
+This mistake may have arisen either from a misprint, or from a
+transposition of a portion of the sentence.
+
+The supposition of a misprint is favoured by the circumstance that Hopton
+was, at the time, professing to describe natural days of _twenty-four_
+hours; of these there are four great classes of commencement, from the four
+principal quarters of the day; viz. from midnight, from mid-day, from
+sun-setting and from sun-rising. Hopton had already assigned three of them
+to different nations, and the fourth he had properly assigned, so far as
+its commencement at sunrise was concerned, to the Babylonians. What, then,
+can be more probable than that he intended this day also, like the rest, to
+be of twenty-four hours' duration; and that the words "holding till
+sun-setting" ought, perhaps, to have been printed "holding till
+sun-_rising_?"
+
+This way of reconciling seeming anomalies, by the supposition of probable
+misprints, receives great encouragement in the occasional occurrence of
+similar mistakes in the most carefully printed modern books. I lately
+noticed, while reading Sir James Ross's _Southern Voyage of Discovery_, a
+work printed by the Admiralty, and on which extraordinary typographical
+care had been bestowed, the following, at page 121. of vol. ii.:
+
+    "It was full moon on the 15th of September, at 5.38 A.M."
+
+But the context shows that "full moon" ought to have been printed _new
+moon_, and that "5.38 A.M." outlet to be 5.38 P.M.: and what renders these
+two mistakes the more remarkable is, that they have no sort of connexion,
+nor is the occurrence of the one in any way explanatory of the other.
+
+Now, the misprint of "sun-setting" for _sun-rising_, which I am supposing
+in Hopton's book, would be much more likely of occurrence than these,
+because these form part of a series of carefully examined data from which a
+scientific deduction is to be drawn, while Hopton's is a mere loose
+description. And, moreover, a twenty-four hour day, commencing and ending
+with _sunrise_, does not, after all, appear to be so wholly unknown to
+English law as PROF. DE MORGAN supposes, since Sir Edward Coke, to whom the
+professor especially refers, describes such a day in these words:
+
+    "Dies naturalis constat ea 24 horis et continet diem solarem et noctem;
+    and therefore in Inditements for Burglary and the like, we say in nocte
+    ejusdem diei. Iste dies naturalis est spatium in quo sol progreditur ab
+    oriente in occidentem et ab occidente iterum in orientem."
+
+{542}
+
+But there is another way of reconciling the discrepancy--Hopton may not
+have intended the words "holding till sun-setting" to apply to the
+Babylonians, but only to "the lawyers in England," whose day, he says,
+_commenced_ at the same time as the Babylonian day. The transposition of
+the words in question to the end of the sentence would give such a meaning,
+viz. "The Babylonians begin their day at sun-rising, and so do our lawyers
+count it in England, holding till sun-setting." Altered in this way, the
+latter clause does not necessarily apply to the Babylonians.
+
+Here again we have a lawyers' day almost verbally identical with one
+assigned to them by Sir Edward Coke: "Dies artificialis sive solaris
+incipit in ortu solis et desinit in occasu, and of this the law of England
+takes hold _in many cases_."
+
+Nor does Lord Coke strengthen or vary his description in the least, when
+speaking of the day commencing at midnight; he uses again the same
+expression with regard to it, "The Egyptians and Romans from midnight, and
+so doth the law of England _in many cases_."
+
+Hence the authority of Chief Justice Coke, is at best only neutral; for who
+will undertake to prove to which of these classes of "many cases" Lord Coke
+meant to assign the attainment of majority?
+
+In support of Ben Jonson's testimony, it may be urged that the midnight
+initial of the day was itself derived by us from the Romans; and it is
+nearly certain that _they_ did not perform any legal act, connected with
+birthday, until the commencement of the _dies solis_.
+
+A proof of this may be observed in the discussion by Aulus Gellius (_Noct.
+Attic._, iii. 2.) as to which day, the preceding or the following, a
+person's birth, happening in the night, was to be attributed. He quotes a
+fragment from Varro,--
+
+    "Homines qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem his horis XXIV
+    nati sunt, uno die nati dicuntur."
+
+On which Gellius remarks:
+
+    "From these words it may be observed that the arrangement of (birth)
+    days was such, that to any person born after sunset, and before
+    midnight, the day from which that night had proceeded should be the
+    birthday; but to any person born during the last six hours of the
+    night, the day which should succeed that night must be the birthday."
+
+This explanation might seem almost purposely written in reply to some such
+difficulty as occurred to PROFESSOR DE MORGAN (_ante_, p. 250.), when he
+remarks that, if birthday were to be confined to daylight, "a child not
+born by daylight would have no birthday at all!" But since it was notorious
+amongst the Romans that the civil day began at midnight, such a _quaeri
+solitum_ as this could never have been mooted, if the birthday observance
+had not been known and acknowledged to have a different commencement. In
+continuation of the same subject, Gellius proceeds to quote another passage
+from Varro, which I shall also repeat, not only as furnishing still farther
+proof that the Romans did not regard the night as forming any part of the
+birthday, but also as affording an opportunity of recording an opinion as
+to the interpretation of Varro's words, which, in this passage, do not
+appear to have ever been properly understood.
+
+After stating that many persons in Umbria reckon from noon to noon as one
+and the same day, Varro remarks:
+
+    "Quod quidem nimis absurdum est; nam qui calendarum hora sexta natus
+    est apud Umbros, dies ejus natalis videri debebit et calendarum
+    dimidiatus, et qui est post calendas dies ante horam ejusdem diei
+    sextam."
+
+Now why should _beginning one's birthday at noon_ appear so absurd to
+Varro? Simply because the hours of the night were not then supposed to be
+included in the birthday at all, and therefore Varro could not _realize_
+the idea of a birthday continued through the night.
+
+He says that, according to the Umbrian reckoning, a person born on any day
+_after_ the point of noon, would have only half a birthday on that day; and
+for the other half, he would have to take the forenoon of the following
+day. Varro had no notion of joining the afternoon of one day to the
+forenoon of another, because he looked upon the unbroken presence of the
+sun as the very essence of a natal day.
+
+Nothing can be plainer than that this was the true nature of the absurdity
+alluded to; but it would not suit the prejudices of the commentators,
+because it would compel them to admit that _sexta hora must have been in
+the afternoon_, in opposition to their favourite dogma that it was always
+in the forenoon.
+
+For if Varro had intended to represent sexta hora in the _forenoon_, he
+would have said that the other half-day must be taken from the _after_noon
+of the _pridie_, instead of saying, as he does say, that it must be taken
+from the _fore_noon of the _postridie_ of the Calends.
+
+Consequently, Varro means by "qui Calendarum hora sexta natus est," a
+person born in the sixth hour of the day of the Calends; the sixth hour
+being that which immediately succeeded noon--the _media hora_ of Ovid. But
+what Varro more immediately means by it is, not any particular point of
+time, but generally any time _after noon_ on the day of the Calends.
+
+That the true position of _sexta hora_, when implying duration, was in the
+afternoon, has long been a conviction of mine; and I have elsewhere
+produced undeniable evidence that it was so {543} considered by ancient
+authors. But this passage from Varro is a new and hitherto unnoticed proof,
+and certainly it ought to be a most convincing one, because it seems
+impossible to give Varro's words a rational meaning without the admission
+of this hypothesis, while with it everything is clear and consistent.
+
+The commentators, driven by the necessity I have just pointed out, either
+to admit the afternoon position of _sexta hora_, or to abstain from reading
+it as a _space_ of time, have attempted to force a meaning by reading
+_sexta hora_ in its other sense, an absolute mathematical point, the
+_punctus ipse_ of noon.
+
+In so doing they have not scrupled to libel Varro's common sense; they
+represent his idea of the absurd to consist in the embarrassment that would
+be caused by the birth occurring at the critical moment of change,--split
+as it were _upon the knife-edge of noon_; so that, in the doubt that would
+arise as to which day it should belong, it must be attributed partly to
+both!
+
+This interpretation is so monstrous, and so evidently wide of the meaning
+of the words, that its serious imputation would scarcely be believed, if it
+were not embalmed in the Delphin edition of Aulus Gellius, where we read
+the following footnote referring to the _argumentum ad absurdum_ of Varro:
+
+    "Infirmum omnino argumentum, et quod perinde potest in ipsum Varronem
+    retorqueri. Quid enim? Si quis apud Romanos Calendis hora vi. noctis
+    fuerit natus, nonne pariter dies ejus natalis videri debebit, et partim
+    Calendarum, et partim ejus dici qui sequetur?"
+
+It is not worth while to inquire what may have been the precise dilemma
+contemplated by the writer of this note, since most certainly it is not a
+reflex of Varro's meaning. The word _dimidiatus_ is completely cushioned,
+although Gellius himself has a chapter upon it a little farther on in the
+same volume.
+
+The anomaly that amused Varro was the necessity of piecing together two
+halves not belonging to the same individual day and with the hiatus of a
+night between them; a necessity that would assuredly appear most absurd to
+one who had no other idea of birthday than the twelve consecutive hours of
+artificial day, which he would call "the natural day."
+
+This proneness of the Romans to look upon the _dies solis_ as the only
+effective part of the twenty-four hours, is again apparent in their
+commencement of horary notation at sunrise, six hours later than the actual
+commencement of the day. And in our own anomalous repetition of twice
+twelve, we may still trace the remains of the twelve-hour day; we have
+changed the initial point, but we have retained the measure of duration.
+
+It is, however, certain that the two methods of reckoning time continued
+for a long time to exist contemporaneously. Hence it became necessary to
+distinguish one from the other _by name_, and thus the notation from
+midnight gave rise, as I have remarked in one of my papers on Chaucer, to
+the English idiomatic phrase "of the clock;" or the reckoning of the clock,
+commencing at midnight, as distinguished from Roman equinoctial hours,
+commencing at six o'clock A.M. This was what Ben Jonson was meaning by
+attainment of majority at _six o'clock_, and not, as PROFESSOR DE MORGAN
+supposes, "probably a certain sunrise." Actual sunrise had certainly
+nothing to do with the technical commencement of the day in Ben Jonson's
+time. For convenience sake, six o'clock had long been taken _as
+conventional sunrise all the year round_; and even amongst the Romans
+themselves, equinoctial hours were frequently used at all seasons. Actual
+sunrise, in after times, had only to do with "hours inequall," which are
+said to have fallen into disuse, in common life, so early as the fifth or
+sixth century.
+
+I trust I may now have shown reasonable grounds for the belief that Ben
+Jonson may, after all, have had better authority than his license as a
+dramatic poet, for dating the attainment of majority at six o'clock A.M.;
+and that nothing short of contemporary evidence directly contradictory of
+the custom so circumstantially alluded to by him, ought to be held
+sufficient to throw discredit upon it. It is one of the singular
+coincidences attending the discussion of this matter by Gellius, that, at
+the conclusion of the chapter I have been expatiating upon, he should cite
+the authority of Virgil; observing that the testimony of _poets_ is very
+valuable upon such subjects, even when veiled in the obscurity of poetic
+imagery.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.
+
+(Vol. viii., p 429.)
+
+Your Correspondent PROF. DE MORGAN has so ingeniously analysed the facts,
+which he already possesses, bearing on the connexion of Sir Isaac Newton's
+niece with Lord Halifax, and her designation in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, that I am tempted to furnish him with some additional
+evidence. This question of Mrs. Catherine Barton's widowhood has often been
+canvassed by that portion of her relatives who do not possess the custody
+of Sir Isaac Newton's private letters.
+
+The Montagues had a residence in the village of Bregstock in
+Northamptonshire, where the Bartons lived. The Bartons were a family of
+good descent, and had long been lessees of the crown with the Montagues for
+lands near Braystock.
+
+There were several Colonel Bartons, whose respective ages and relationship
+can best be {544} exhibited by a short pedigree. Thomas Barton had two
+sons, Thomas and Robert.
+
+Robert (born in 1630, and who died in 1693) married Hannah Smith, Newton's
+half-sister, by whom he had Hannah (born 1678), Catherine (born 1679, died
+1739), Colonel Robert (born 1684).
+
+Thomas (born in 1619, died in 1704) married Alice Palmer, by whom he had
+Thomas, who married Mary Dale, by whom he had Thomas (d. s. p.), Colonel
+Matthew (born 1672), Colonel Noel (born 1674, died 1714). Thomas had a
+second son, Geoffrey, who married Elizabeth ----, by whom he had Charles
+(born 1700), Cutts (born 1706), Catherine (born 1709), Montague (born
+1717), and others.
+
+In a family paper written by a granddaughter of Colonel Noel Barton, at her
+mother's dictation, it is stated that Colonel Matthew married a relative of
+Sir Isaac Newton, and was Comptroller of the Mint; but this paper is not
+very correct in its other statements.
+
+On the other hand, a connexion of the family who signs himself H. in an old
+number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, says of Newton:
+
+    "He had a half-sister, who had a daughter, to whom he gave the best of
+    educations, the famous witty Miss Barton, who married Mr. Conduit of
+    the Mint."
+
+Mr. Conduit writes, that his wife lived twenty years before and after her
+marriage with Sir Issac.
+
+I had always thought that Catherine Barton's brother Robert had died too
+early to attain the rank of Colonel. In the British Museum, in the
+Register, there is an account of a sermon preached at the funeral of Robert
+Barton in the year 1703. I could not find the sermon.
+
+The famous Duchess of Marlborough thus satirises Mouse Montague:
+
+    "He was a frightful figure, and yet pretended to be a lover; and
+    followed several beauties, who laughed at him for it."
+
+It is worth mentioning that Colonel Noel Barton died in London in 1714,
+while in attendance on his patron Lord Gainsborough, soon after he had been
+appointed Governor of the Leeward Islands. This was the year before Lord
+Halifax's _Life_ was written, and possibly might have been the cause of the
+designation "Widow" being applied to Catherine Barton by mistake. Whatever
+the connexion of this lady with Lord Halifax may have been, it does not
+seem to have given any offence to her relatives. You will observe that
+Geoffrey Barton names his sons Charles and Montague, and his daughter
+Catherine. Charles afterwards received the rectory of St. Andrew's Holborn
+from the family of Montague; and Cutts was Dean of Bristol under Bishop
+Montague. And Montague obtained preferment from Mr. Conduit. Neither the
+family of Montague, nor that of Barton, seem to have thought the connexion
+discreditable. Moreover, the births of these children of Geoffrey Barton, a
+clergyman, occurred at the very period when the name of Catherine should
+have been most distasteful, had the intimacy been dishonourable.
+
+Mr. Conduit died in the year 1738, and Mrs. Conduit in the year 1739; and
+Catherine Conduit did not become Lady Lymington till 1740. Probably both
+Mr. and Mrs. Conduit made wills. Have they been examined at Doctors'
+Commons?
+
+J. W. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471.)
+
+It is pleasing to find so much interest excited among the readers of "N. &
+Q." relative to the parentage of this lady; and we may fairly hope that the
+spirit of research which has thus been awakened, will not die away until
+the last spark of error and mystery has been extinguished.
+
+T. L. P. has favoured us with quotations from a little pamphlet, entitled
+_Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_. Now,
+after giving this work a most careful perusal, I cannot but think that the
+title of the book is, in this instance at least, a misnomer. The authoress,
+for it was written by a lady long resident in the vicinity, has evidently
+wrought upon the foundations of others; and taking the veteran Ormerod as a
+sufficient authority, has given full vent to her imagination, and pictured,
+with "no 'prentice hand," the welcome visits of Milton to Stoke Hall, a
+place which, in all probability, was never once honoured with the presence
+of this great man. There is no evidence whatever adduced to give even the
+semblance of colour to this unfortunate error; whereas, on the side of the
+Wistaston family, the proofs of its identity as the family of Mrs. Milton
+are numerous and, to my notion, incontrovertible.
+
+As if, indeed, to give us "confirmation sure" of the truth of this
+position, our old friend CRANMORE starts up, "like a spirit from the vasty
+deep," and, after an absence of many months from our ranks, pays off his
+ancient score by producing the evidence he so long ago promised us. From it
+we gather that Thomas Paget, the father, named his _cousin_ Minshull,
+apothecary in Manchester, overseer of his will; and that his son, Nathan
+Paget, eighteen years afterwards, names in his will John Goldsmith and
+Elizabeth Milton as _his cousins_, and makes bequests to them accordingly.
+Now, it so happens that Thomas, son of Richard Minshull of Wistaston, was
+an _apothecary_, and that he settled in _Manchester_, and thereupon founded
+the family of Minshull of Manchester. This {545} gentleman was doubtless
+the _cousin_ referred to in the will of the elder Paget. It farther
+happens, that Thomas Minshull, the grandfather of this Manchester
+apothecary, married a daughter of Goldsmith of Nantwich. The John Goldsmith
+of the Middle Temple would then doubtless be the nephew or grand-nephew of
+this lady, and in either case a _cousin_ of Thomas Minshull of Manchester,
+and of Elizabeth Minshull of Wistaston. This is another, if not a
+completing link in the genealogical chain, and convinces me, now more than
+ever, of the correctness of my conclusions.
+
+I may add that the whole of the deeds referred to by MR. SINGER are now in
+the safe and worthy keeping of Mr. J. Fitchett Marsh of Warrington; and
+that they are published _in extenso_, together with a valuable essay on
+their historical importance by their present possessor, in the first volume
+of _Miscellanies_ issued by the Chetham Society.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANTICIPATORY USE OF THE CROSS.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 132. 417.)
+
+I am not sure that any of your correspondents have noticed the resemblance
+between the letter T t, especially in some of its ancient forms, and the
+form of the cross. In the Greek, Etruscan, and Samaritan forms of this
+letter, we have representations of the three principal forms which the
+cross has assumed: [Tau cross], +, x. It is also remarkable that in Ezekiel
+ix. 4. 6.: "Set a mark on the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry,"
+&c., the word rendered "mark" is [Hebrew: T\dagesh\W] (_Tau_), the name of
+the Hebrew letter answering to the above: and as the Samaritan alphabet,
+which the present Hebrew characters have superseded, was then in use, it is
+highly probable that the "mark" referred to in Ezekiel's vision was the
+Samaritan _Tau_, as seen on ancient Hebrew shekels, resembling a St.
+Andrew's cross.
+
+A circumstance relating to the Paschal sacrifice mentioned by Justin
+Martyr, in his conference with Trypho the Jew, and which he asserts without
+contradiction from his learned opponent, is worthy of a note:
+
+    "This lamb, which was to be roasted whole, was a symbol of the
+    punishment of the cross, which was inflicted on Christ, [Greek: To gar
+    optomenon probaton, k.t.l.] For the lamb which was roasted was so
+    placed as to resemble the figure of a cross; with one spit it was
+    pierced longitudinally, from the tail to the head; with another it was
+    transfixed through the shoulders, so that the forelegs became
+    extended."--Vid. Just. Martyri _Opera_, edit. Oberther, vol. ii. p.
+    106.
+
+Your correspondent H. N. appears to have fallen into several errors, which
+(having appeared in "N. & Q.") ought not to pass unnoticed.
+
+1. He confounds the basilica with the cruciform cathedral, and with "the
+plan of the Roman forum."
+
+Basilica (from Gr. [Greek: Basilike], a royal dwelling) was the name given
+by the Romans to those public edifices in which justice was administered
+and mercantile business transacted. Several of these buildings, or the
+remains of them, still exist in Rome, each forum probably having had its
+basilica. Vitruvius, who constructed one at Fanum, says it ought to be
+built "on the warm side of the forum, that those whose affairs call them
+thither might confer without being incommoded by the weather." Yet H. N.
+says: "The basilica seems to have originally been the architectural plan of
+the Roman forum." The most perfect specimen of the antique basilica is that
+discovered at Pompeii, on the south side of the form and at right angles
+with it. By consulting a good plan of Pompeii, or glancing at a plan of its
+basilica, any one may see that it was not cruciform, but "in the form of a
+long parallelogram," with a central space and side porticoes, answering to
+the nave and aisles of a church. The early Christians adopted the basilica
+form for their churches: those built in the form of a Greek or Latin cross
+are of much later date. Yet H. N.'s learned friend exclaims, when viewing
+the temple of Muttra, "Here is the cross! the basilica carried out with
+more correctness of order and symmetry than in Italy!"
+
+2. H. N. assumes that the Jews practised crucifixion as a punishment, and
+"may have imitated the Assyrians, as crucifixion may have been adopted long
+before that of Christ and the two thieves (Qy. robbers)." Crucifixion
+appears to have been in use from a very remote period, but was never
+adopted by the Jews. The Romans, who with all their greatness were an
+atrociously cruel people, employed it as the peculiar and appropriate
+punishment of delinquent slaves. Christ was "crucified under Pontius
+Pilate," the Roman Procurator of Judea, at a time when that country had
+become subject to the Romans, and its rulers could say, "It is not lawful
+for us to put any man to death."
+
+3. When H. N. refers to "the advocates of conversion and their itinerant
+agents," it is difficult to perceive exactly what he intends, except "to
+hint a fault and hesitate dislike." But before a writer undertakes to cast
+a reflection on those great societies who have been labouring--not by
+coercion, but by instruction and persuasion, by the circulation of the
+scriptures and the preaching of the Gospel--to substitute Christianity for
+idolatry among those who are under the government of Great Britain, he
+should well understand the grounds of his censures, so as to be able "to
+explain to the conversionists that, unless this doctrine be openly refuted,
+the missionaries may in truth be fighting their own shadow." {546}
+
+How then has H. N. explained the doctrine which they are to refute--the
+meaning of the "cross and basilica" in India? The only witness in proof of
+it has disappeared "by falling into a volcanic crater." He himself
+professes to be quite ignorant of cathedral architecture and the English
+government, and English gentlemen generally, who have shamefully secreted
+such a treasure, are equally ignorant. Why had they not consulted the
+living Church of Hindooism, and shown it a little sympathy and respect with
+a view to getting enlightened? Whereas "the little they do know is derived
+from books." Farther, "the elder civilians, men of ability, classical
+scholars, and first-rate Asiatic linguists," when assembled in that very
+building, though they descanted on the sanctity of the place, "not one of
+them knew nor remarked the 'cross and basilica.'" And when visiting the
+great temple of Benares, H. N. does not recollect that the cross was either
+noticed to him or by him.
+
+It may be true that when the Hindoo "system of government existed in
+efficiency, there was neither crime nor punishment"--a shadowy tradition, I
+presume, of the state of innocence! It may also be true that "the mythology
+of the Nile agrees with that of the Ganges." But it would not follow that
+the cross is a myth derived from the mysteries of Egypt or the astronomy of
+India. It would still remain an unquestionable fact, that the cross, for
+ages an instrument of ignominious torture under Pagan Rome, only ceased to
+be so when Christianity had won its way through all ranks of society up to
+the imperial throne; then its employment was abolished by Constantine,
+partly from the humanising influence of the new faith, and partly out of
+reverence to Him who had suffered on it for the world's redemption.
+
+The anticipations of Christianity supplied by Paganism, of which Krishna
+"burnishing the head of the serpent" is a striking example, may be easily
+accounted for, and their source pointed out. As a corruption of the
+earliest revelation, Paganism contains, as might be expected, a portion of
+truth blended with much error. Indeed, it would be no difficult task to
+prove that classical and oriental mythology is in some sense, and to a
+great extent, the shadow of biblical truth. What then? In endeavouring to
+supplant idolatry in the Roman empire, were the Apostles and first
+preachers of Christianity merely "fighting their own shadow?" They
+recognised those truths which even heathens admit, but opposed and
+overthrew the accumulated errors of ages. Yet there were some even then who
+condemned the preaching of the cross as "foolishness," till success
+demonstrated its wisdom.
+
+Lastly, H. N., having "travelled much in this country and on the
+Continent," is convinced "that superstition prevails comparatively _less_
+in Asia than in Europe," and that "the pages of 'N. & Q.' abundantly
+corroborate the opinion."
+
+This is far more startling than the discovery of the "cross and basilica"
+at Muttra. To admit it, however, would require us to disregard the
+testimony of a cloud of witnesses, and to ignore all our former reading.
+The vast systems of Asiatic superstition, it seems, are less objectionable
+than our own folk lore; the tremendous shades of Brahma and Budhu, of
+Juggernaut and the goddess Kali, with their uncouth images and horrid
+worship, are harmless when compared with Puck, the Pixies, and Robin
+Goodfellow; and Caste, Suttee, and Devil-worship[3] are evils of less
+magnitude than cairns, kist-vaens, and cromlechs. The mental balance must
+be peculiarly constructed that could lead to such a decision. Certainly
+H. N. is no Rhadamanthus. "Dat veniam corvis, vexat censure columbas."
+
+The appeal to "N. & Q." in corroboration of his opinion forms a pleasant
+and suitable conclusion of the whole: for while in India superstition still
+undeniably lives and "prevails," it is one special object of "N. & Q." to
+embalm the remains of local superstitions in Great Britain that have either
+breathed their last, or are _in extremis_; to collect the relics of
+long-departed superstitions that were once vigorous and rampant in our
+island, but are now in danger of being lost and forgotten. Their very
+remnants and vestiges have become so rare that they are unknown to the
+great mass of the community; and the learned, therefore, especially those
+versed in ethology, are urged to hunt them out wherever they exist in the
+different districts of the country, before they fall into utter oblivion.
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+[Footnote 3: For proof of the existence of Devil-worship, see _Yakkun
+Nottanawa_, a Cingalese poem, translated by John Callaway, printed for the
+Oriental Translation Fund: J. Murray, 1829.]
+
+I would beg to suggest to H. N. that if his friend Count Venua saw in the
+Hindoo temple at Muttra both the form of a perfect cross and of a
+"basilica, carried out with more correctness of order and symmetry than in
+Italy," he must have been so totally ignorant of early architecture as to
+make his observations quite worthless, since there is no more similitude
+between the cruciform church and the basilica than there is between two
+parallel lines (=) and two lines crossing each other at right angles (+).
+
+"The precise shape of the cross on the Temple of Serapis" can only be
+inferred from the words of the historian cited, and the inference therefrom
+is strong that it was the _crux ansata_.
+
+EDEN WARWICK
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{547}
+
+DECORATIVE PAVEMENT TILES FROM CAEN.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 493.)
+
+The tiles presented, in 1786, to Mr. Charles Chadwick, of Mavesyn-Ridware,
+Staffordshire, are preserved in the church at that place. They form two
+tablets affixed to the wall in the remarkable sepulchral chapel arranged
+and decorated, at a great cost, by the directions of that gentleman towards
+the close of the last century, when the greater portion of the church was
+rebuilt. The north chapel, or aisle, containing the tombs of the Mavesyns
+and the Ridwares, the ancient lords of the estates which descended to Mr.
+Chadwick, was preserved; and here are to be seen two cross-legged effigies,
+a curious incised portraiture on an altar-tomb, representing Sir Robert
+Mavesyn, 1403, with other incised slabs and interesting memorials; to which
+were added, by Mr. Chadwick, a series of large incised figures, which
+surround the chapel. These last are not shown in the view given in Shaw's
+_History of Staffordshire_, vol. ii. p. 191., having been executed since
+the publication of that work; and it is stated that they were engraved by
+the parish clerk under Mr. Chadwick's direction, being intended to pourtray
+the successive lords of the place from the Norman times to the sixteenth
+century, each in the costume of his period. There are also numerous
+atchievements and other decorations attached to the walls; amongst these
+are the pavement tiles from Caen, one of which bore the same arms as are
+assigned to the family of Malvoisin-Rosny, and on that account probably Mr.
+Chadwick placed these relics from Normandy amongst the enrichments of his
+mausoleum.
+
+In regard to MR. BOASE'S first inquiry, "Who was Charles Chadwick, Esq.?"
+it may suffice to cite the detailed account of the family given by Shaw,
+and the short notice of that gentleman which will be found in the _History
+of Staffordshire_, vol. ii. p. 185.
+
+On a visit to Mavesyn-Ridware in 1839, I was struck with the appearance of
+these tiles; their design and fashion at once recalled those from Caen with
+which I had been familiar in Normandy. Having ascertained their origin, I
+took occasion to state the fact of their preservation at this church in the
+"Notes on Decorative Tiles," communicated to Mr. Parker by me, and given in
+the fourth edition of his useful _Glossary of Architecture_, in 1845: see
+p. 367.
+
+It should be observed that the number of tiles composing the two tablets
+now to be seen is forty; whilst the number, as stated _Gent. Mag._, vol.
+lix. part i. p. 211., and in a second letter from Mr. Barrett, in vol. lx.
+part ii. p. 710., not cited by MR. BOASE in his Query, is twenty. MR. BOASE
+is probably aware that the sixteen tiles from the Great Guard Chamber at
+Caen, which supplied the subject of Mr. J. Major Henniker's memoir, were
+presented by him to the Society of Antiquaries of London, and are now in
+their museum, as noticed in the catalogue, compiled by myself, p. 30.
+
+A coloured drawing of an heraldic pavement at Caen, taken about 1700, is
+preserved in a volume of the great collection formed by M. de Gaignieres,
+and bequeathed by Gough to the Bodleian Library. It comprises chiefly
+drawings of French sepulchral monuments, arranged by localities; and there
+is one volume, entitled _Recueil de Tapisseries, d'Armoiries et de
+Devises_, in which may be found the interesting memorial of this decorative
+pavement of tiles, which was destroyed during the fury of the Revolution.
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+Charles Chadwick, Esq., of Healy Hall, Lancashire, and Mavesyn-Ridware, in
+the county of Stafford, to whom the monks of St. Stephen, at Caen,
+presented, in the year 1786, a series of encaustic tiles with heraldic
+devices taken from the floor of the (so called) "Great Guard Chamber of the
+Palace of the Dukes of Normandy," died in 1829. I infer that the tiles were
+brought to the Lancashire residence of Mr. Chadwick because the description
+and the drawing for the engraving were both supplied to the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_ by a Lancashire antiquary, Thomas Barnett, of Hydes Cross,
+Manchester: but as the descendants of Mr. Chadwick no longer reside in
+Lancashire, the hall being occupied by a woollen manufacturer, I have been
+unable to obtain any information respecting the tiles, though long desirous
+to do so.
+
+I direct attention to another series of the same tiles, sixteen in number,
+which were presented to the Society of Antiquaries through the president,
+the Earl of Leicester, in 1788, by John Henniker, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., S.A.,
+and M.P., who afterwards took the additional name of Major. This gentleman
+received the tiles from his brother, Captain Henniker, then resident at
+Caen; and in 1794 he published an interesting account of them with
+engravings, entitled _Two Letters on the Origin, Antiquity, and History of
+Norman Tiles stained with Armorial Bearings_ (London, John Bell, Strand).
+The engravings both in this volume and in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ are
+indifferently executed, and too small in scale to be of use. Mr. Henniker
+describes the colours of his tiles to be "yellow and brown," while Mr.
+Barnett states that the tiles in Mr. Chadwick's possession were "light grey
+and black;" a curious discrepancy, seeing that in all other respects they
+were exactly similar. These tiles are of so much heraldic and antiquarian
+interest that if either set could be made available for the purpose, it is
+very desirable that they be engraved of full size, and printed by the
+modern easy process to imitate the colours.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{548}
+
+MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 170.)
+
+With your permission I shall enlarge the list of mottos of the German
+emperors, as well by commencing with the Germano-Frankish era as by
+supplying those omitted in the series given by MR. JOSHUA G. FITCH. My
+authorities are Reusneri _Symbola Imperatoria tribus classibus Caes. Rom.
+Italic., C. R. Graecorum, C. R. Germanico_; and Sadeler, _Symbola divina et
+humana Pontificum, Imperatorum, Regum_, &c.:
+
+    Caroli Magni. 752. _Christus regnat, vincit, triumphat._
+
+    Ludovici Pii. 814. _Omnium rerum vicissitudo._
+
+    Lotharii I. 840. _Ubi mel, ibi fel._
+
+    Ludovici II. 855. _Par sit fortuna labori._
+
+    Caroli II. (Calvi.) 875. _Justitiam injustitia parit._
+
+    Caroli III. (Crassi.) 881. _Os garrulum intricat omnia._
+
+    Arnulphi. 888. _Facilis descensus Averni._
+
+    Ludovici III. 899. _Multorum manus, paucorum consilium._
+
+    Othonis Magni. _Aut mors aut vita decora._
+
+    Othonis III. _Unita virtus valet._
+
+    Henrici II. (Claudi.) _Ne quid nimis._
+
+    Friderici I. (AEnobarbi.) _Aliud. Qui nescit dissimulare nescit
+    imperare._
+
+    Friderici II. _Minarum strepitus, asinorum crepitus._ The following is
+    the correct reading of the words given in Vol. viii., p. 170.:
+    _Cumplurium triariorum ego strepitum audivi._
+
+    Adolphi. _Animus est qui divites facit._
+
+    Alberti I. _Aliud. Quod optimum idem jucundissimum._
+
+    Henrici VII. _Aliud. Fide et consilio._
+
+    Ludovici IV. _Sola bona quae honesta._
+    _Aliud. Deo et Caesari._[4]
+
+    Caroli IV. _Optimum aliena insania frui._
+    _Aliud. Nullius pavet occursum._
+
+    Wenceslai. _Morosophi moriones pessimi._
+    _Aliud. Tempestati parendum._
+
+    Sigismundi. _Aliud. Sic cedunt munera fatis._
+
+    Alberti II. _Aliud. Fugam victoria nescit._
+
+    Friderici III. _Rerum irrecuperabilium foelix oblivio._
+    _Aliud. A. E. I. O. U._
+
+That these vowels are supposed to signify "Austriae est imperare orbi
+universo" has already been communicated in "N. & Q." Reusner has given then
+another interpretation "Aquila electa iuste vincit omnia."
+
+"Aliud. Hic regit, ille tuetur. Leges et arma in promptu habes, illae
+regunt, haec tuentur imperium. A Justiniano habet," &c.--Sadeler, p. 43.
+
+    Maximiliani I. _Aliud. In manu Dei Regis est [cor]._
+    _Aliud. Per tot discrimina._
+
+    Caroli V. _Aliud. Nondum in auge [Sol]._
+    _Aliud. Fundatori quietis [laurea]._
+
+    Ferdinandi. _Fiat justitia aut pereat mundus._
+    _Aliud. A. I. P. Q. N. S. I. A._
+
+     "Accidit in puncto quod non speratur in anno;
+        Temporis in puncto qui sapit, ille sapit."
+
+    Maximiliani II. _Comminuam vel extinguam._
+    (_Puta semiplenam Turcarum lunulam._)
+
+    Rudolphi II. _Aliud. Ex voluntate Dei omnia._
+    _Aliud. Sic ad astra._
+    _Aliud. Tu ne cede malis._
+
+In Reusner's work the mottos are accompanied by copious and erudite
+comments; and in Sadeler's by engravings also; the devices or achievements
+of distinguished men, denominated in the Italian language _Imprese_, and in
+the Latin _Symbola Heroica_.
+
+BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
+
+[Footnote 4: "Symbolum [aquila solem contra tuens] quo jam se non tantum
+adversario opponit sed cum Deo parum modeste ponit. Est quidem aquila Jovi
+sacra ut ad fabulas rem revolvamus. Sed absit mihi omnis cum Deo
+comparatio."--Sadeler, p. 39.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Simplicity of Calotype Process._--The session of the Photographic Society
+was commenced with a paper from our original correspondent, DR. DIAMOND,
+under the above title. Our journal having led to such facilities of
+question and answer, has induced many of our readers to ask upon several
+points additional instructions, some of which we have ourselves thought
+might have been made more clear and having written to DR. DIAMOND he has
+promised us a revised copy for our next Number. Replying to some of our
+Querists, he says, "The plain photographic facts are correct; but I wrote
+the paper on the morning of the day on which the Society met, and was not
+aware it was to be printed in the _Journal_ until I received my copy."
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--As my only object writing on this subject was to
+communicate to others the plan which _I_ had found _in practice_ most
+successful, I think it necessary to correct some points of misapprehension
+which it is evident your correspondent K. N. M. has fallen into, Vol.
+viii., p. 501.
+
+In the process I recommended, the paper, if cockled up, readily becomes
+flat and even if kept in a portfolio or any similar receptacle; and as I
+_never float_ my paper to sensitize it, I have not the inconvenience of the
+silver solution becoming spoiled by particles of the albumen. The 100
+grains to the ounce for the solution I do not find more extravagant when
+applied, as I have indicated, with a glass rod, than one of 30 grains to
+the ounce when the paper is floated, because in the former case I use only
+just enough to cover the paper, viz. forty-five minims to a half-sheet of
+{549} Canson's paper, and there is no loss from any portion adhering to the
+dishes, evaporation, or filtering. This is far more than would be imagined
+when only a sheet or two of paper is required at one time. Lastly, with
+regard to the _strokes_ being visible after printing the positive, I do not
+find them so in general, though occasionally such a thing does happen when
+sufficient care has not been taken in the preparation; but I find striae
+quite as visible on two positives prepared by DR. DIAMOND himself, which he
+kindly gave me: however, I will forward a sample of my paper for your
+judgment, and also a portion for K. N. M. if he will take the trouble of
+trying the same.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_New Developing Mixture._--Having for some months past used the following
+developing mixture, and finding it very bright and easily applied, I beg to
+offer it to your notice. It does not cost more than three farthings per
+ounce, and therefore may be worth the consideration of beginners. I do not
+know a better where the metallic appearance is not desired.
+
+  No. 1. Pyrogallic acid          2 grains.
+        Glacial acetic acid      1 drachm.
+        Water                    1 oz.
+
+  No. 2. Protosulphate of iron   10 grains.
+        Nitric acid              2 drops.
+        Water                    1 oz.
+
+  To six drachms of No. 2. add two of No. 1.
+
+I pour it on, but do not return it to the bottle, as it is apt to spoil if
+so used.
+
+T. L. MERRITT.
+
+_Queries on the Albumenized Process._--Allow me to put a few questions
+through your valued paper.
+
+In the albumen process on glass, Messrs. Ross and Thomson, in
+Thornthwaite's _Guide_, recommend 10 drops of sat. solution of iodized
+potassa to each egg. Now is it meant _ten drops_, or _ten minims_? If the
+former, a drop varies with the bottle and quantity of liquid in it; and ten
+drops are nearly half the bulk of ten minims, generally speaking. Then as
+to the egg: an egg in this country is only at most 6 [drachm]; in England
+an egg appears twice as large.--Could you state the general bulk of an egg
+in England, and to what quantity by bulk or weight of albumen the 10 drops
+or minims are to be applied? When I say an egg is only 6 [drachm], I mean
+the white of one.
+
+A SUBSCRIBER.
+
+Bombay.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Poems in connection with Waterloo_ (Vol. vii., p. 6.).--A correspondent of
+the _Naval and Military Gazette_ of November 19, 1853, signing himself
+"M.A., Pem. Coll., Oxford," has pointed out an error into which I had
+fallen "respecting the elm-trees at and connected with Waterloo."
+
+I certainly was given to understand, when I received the monody, that it
+was written by the public orator on the death of his son _who fell at
+Waterloo_: whereas it clearly appears by the obituary in the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, that _Ensign William Crowe_, first battalion, 4th foot, _son of
+the public orator_ at Oxford, _was killed at the attack_ upon New Orleans
+Jan. 8, 1815.
+
+I hasten to acknowledge my mistake, though I am glad that the two copies of
+verses found place in your columns.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+_Richard Oswald_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.)--Your Querist will find many letters
+to and from him in Franklin's _Memoirs_. He was for some years a merchant
+in the city of London. In 1759 he purchased the estate of Auchincruive, in
+the county of Ayr, and died there in 1783. No memoir of him has ever been
+published. He was for many years an intimate friend of Lord Shelbourne, who
+sent him to Paris in 1782, and again in 1783, to negotiate with Franklin,
+with whom he had been for some time acquainted. During the Seven Years' War
+he acted as commissary-general to the allied armies under the Duke of
+Brunswick, who said of him in the official despatches, that "England had
+sent him commissaries fit to be generals, and generals not fit to be
+commissaries."
+
+J. H. E.
+
+_Grammont's Marriage_ (Vol. viii., p. 461.).--In one of the notes to
+Grammont, originally, I believe, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his edition,
+but which appears at p. 415. of Bohn's reprint, we are told on the
+authority of the _Biographia Gallica_, vol. i. p. 202.:
+
+    "The famous Count Grammont was thought to be the original of _The
+    Forced Marriage_. This nobleman, during his stay at the court of
+    England, had made love to Miss Hamilton, but was coming away from
+    France without bringing matters to a proper conclusion. The young
+    lady's brothers pursued him, and came up with him near Dover, in order
+    to exchange some pistol shot with him. They called out, 'Count
+    Grammont, have you forgot nothing at London?' 'Excuse me,' answered the
+    Court guessing their errand, 'I forgot to marry your sister; so lead
+    on, and let us finish that affair.'"
+
+My object in this communication is to supply an omission in MR. STEINMAN'S
+very interesting Notes, who does not show, as he might have done, how the
+letters of M. de Comminges prove the truth of this story. For, from the
+passage quoted by MR. STEINMAN from the letter to the king, dated Dec.
+20-24, 1663, it is evident that the count was about on that day to leave
+England "without bringing matters to a proper conclusion;" while that he
+married the lady within a day or {550} two of that date may fairly be
+inferred from the announcement on Aug. 29-Sept. 8, 1664, that "Madame la
+Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils." MR. STEINMAN'S
+omission was probably intentional; I have supplied it in the hope that the
+date and place of the marriage may now be ascertained, and for the purpose
+of expressing my hope that we shall soon be favoured by MR. STEINMAN'S
+return to this subject.
+
+HORACE WALPOLE, Jun.
+
+_Life_ (Vol. vii., p. 429.).--Let me give A. C. the testimony of two poets
+and a philosopher in support of the "general feeling" about the renewal of
+life, which will surely bear down the authority of three writers mentioned
+by him.
+
+Cowper's notion may be gathered from the couplet:
+
+ "So numerous are the follies that annoy
+  The mind and heart of every sprightly boy."
+
+Kirke White must have had a similar idea:
+
+ "There are who think that childhood does not share
+  With age the cup, the bitter cup, of care;
+  Alas! they know not this unhappy truth,
+  That every age and rank is born to ruth."
+
+The next four lines may also be attentively considered. I quote from his
+"Childhood," one of his earliest productions by the way--but what
+production of his was not early?
+
+Still more decidedly, however, on the point speaks Cicero (_de Senectute_):
+
+    "Si quis Deus mihi largiatur ut ea hac aetate repuerescam, et in cunis
+    vagiam, _valde recusem_."
+
+The following passage is also at A. C.'s service, provided you can find
+space for it, and there are "no questions asked" as to its whereabouts:
+
+    "I have heard them say that our childhood's hours are the happiest time
+    of our earthly race; and they speak with regret of their summer bowers,
+    and the mirth they knew in the butterfly chase; and they sorrow to
+    think that those days are past, when their young hearts bounded with
+    lightsome glee, when, by none of the clouds of care o'ercast, the sun
+    of their joy shone cheerily. But, oh! they surely forget that the boy
+    may have grief of his own that strikes deep in his heart; that an angry
+    frown, or a broken toy, may inflict for a time a cureless smart; and
+    that little pain is as great to him as a weightier woe to an older
+    mind. Aye! the harsh reproof, or unfavoured whim, may be sharp as a
+    pang of a graver kind. Then, how dim-sighted and thoughtless are those,
+    who would they were frolicsome children and free; they should rather
+    rejoice to have fled from the woes that hung o'er them once so heavily.
+    In misfortune's rude shocks the practised art of _the man_ may
+    perchance disclose relief; but _the child_, in his innocence of heart,
+    will bow 'neath the stroke of a trifling grief."
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+_Muscipula_ (Vol. viii., p. 229.--_The Name Lloyd._--Besides the
+translation of this poem by Dr. Hoadly, of which a note in Dodsley informs
+us that the author, Holdsworth, said it was "exceedingly well done," I have
+before me another, printed in London for R. Gosling, 1715, with an engraved
+frontispiece, illustrative of the triumphant reception of Taffy's
+invention. The depredations of the mouse are illustrated in the various
+figures around, as cheeses burrowed through, even the invasion of a
+sleeping Welshman's very [Greek: erkos odonton], &c. The title is, _The
+Mouse-Trap, a Poem done from the original Latin in Milton's Stile_:
+
+ "Ludus animo debet aliquando dari,
+  Ad cogitandum melior ut redeat tibi"--_Phaed._
+
+Both translations are in blank verse, but that of the latter is very
+_blank_ indeed, and possesses little in common with Milton's _style_,
+except the absence of rhyme. It thus begins:
+
+ "The British mountaineer, who first uprear'd
+  A mouse-trap, and engoal'd the little thief,
+  The deadly wiles and fate inextricable,
+  Rehearse, my Muse, and, oh! thy presence deign,
+  Auxiliar Phoebus, mortal foe to mice:
+  Whence bards in ancient times thee Smintheus term'd," &c.
+
+Muscipula must have made some sensation to have been translated by two
+different persons. _Welsh rabbits_, and their supposed general fondness for
+_cheese_, have furnished many a joke at the expense of the inhabitants of
+the principality. Among others the following quiz may not be out of place
+on the famous Cambro-Britannic name of Lloyd:
+
+ "Two gibbets dejected,        LL
+    A cheese in full view,       O
+  A toaster erected              Y
+    And a cheese cut in two,     D."
+
+  Ballard MSS. in the Bodleian, vol. xxix. p. 80.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Berefellarii_ (Vol. viii., p. 420.).--M. PHILARETE CHASLES has
+misrepresented JOHN JEBB'S Query and conjecture about _berefellarii_ (Vol.
+vii., p. 207.). He never spoke of these officers as "_half ecclesiastics_
+(!), dirty, shabby, ill-washed attendants." They were priests of an
+inferior grade, answering to the minor canons of cathedrals, and superior
+to the vicars choral, who were also called _personae_ and _rectores chori_.
+He has far too great a respect for collegiate foundations to use such
+opprobrious terms when speaking of any class of ministers of divine
+service. The only conjecture J. JEBB made was, that the word might possibly
+have been a corruption (arising from incorrect writing) of _beneficiarii_,
+which is continually used abroad for the inferior clergy of collegiate
+churches, though not common in {551} England. It is just _possible_, though
+not very probable, that this somewhat foreign word was misread, and gave
+rise to a blundering corruption conveying ludicrous ideas, the "turpe
+nomen" alluded to by the Archbishop of York tempore Ric. II. The
+conjectural derivation of the word from Anglo-Saxon words was not my own,
+but that of a subsequent correspondent. It is just one of those conjectures
+which, like that of "Mazarinaeus," may be quite as likely to be false as
+true. I could suggest twenty that would be quite as likely; such as
+_bier-followers_ (attenders on funerals, as did the clerks and inferior
+clergy in cathedrals), or _bury fellows_ (query, burying fellows), or _beer
+fellows_ (like the _beerers_ in Dean Aldrich's famous catch), or _belly
+fillers_, &c., or lastly, some corruption of _Beverly_ itself.
+_Barefellows_ is as likely as any. Still I cannot think that these
+functionaries were low or contemptible. Their position corresponded to a
+very honourable status in cathedral churches.
+
+JOHN JEBB.
+
+_Harmony of the Four Gospels_ (Vol. viii., pp. 316. 415.)--I am greatly
+obliged to MR. HARDWICK, MR. BUCKTON, and J. M. for their valuable and
+satisfactory replies to my Query. To the list of those Harmonies published
+since the Reformation, may be added that of John Hind, 1632, under the
+title of
+
+    "The Storie of Stories, or the Life of Christ, according to the foure
+    holy Evangelists: with a harmonie of them, and a table of their
+    chapters and verses, collected by Johan Hind. London, printed by Miles
+    Flesher, 1632."
+
+It is dedicated to the "Lady Anne Twisden," with whom, and her son the
+learned Sir Roger Twisden, this John Hind, "a German gentleman of
+Mecklenburgh, a most religious honest knowing man, lived above thirty
+years," &c.
+
+Surely Doddridge's _Family Expositor_ should be added to the list.
+
+Z. 1.
+
+_Picts' Houses and Argils_ (Vol. viii., p. 264.).--Malte-Brun, in his
+_Universal Geography_, English translation, vol. vi. p. 387., has a passage
+in his description of Russia which applies to this matter. The steppes of
+Nogay lie immediately to the north of the peninsula of the Crimea, both
+being included in the Russian government of Taurida, and both countries
+were formerly inhabited by the Cimbri or Cimmerians. Malte-Brun says:
+
+    "The colonists are in many places ill provided with timber for
+    building; they live under the ground, and the hillocks, which are so
+    common in the country, and which served in ancient times for graves or
+    monuments of the dead, are now converted into houses, the vaults are
+    changed into roofs, and beneath them are subterranean excavations.
+    Kurgan is the Tartar name for these tumuli; they are scattered
+    throughout New Russia; they were raised at different times by the
+    different people who ruled over that region. The Kurgans are not all of
+    the same kind; some are not unlike the rude works of the early
+    Hungarians, others are formed of large and thin stones, like the
+    Scandinavian tombs. It is to be regretted that the different articles
+    contained in them have been only of late years examined with care."
+
+This does not establish the identity of the Argil and Kurgan, but I think
+it shows more particular information is likely to be met with on the
+subject. M. Malte-Brun, vol. vi. p. 152., in his description of Turkey,
+mentions a curious town on the hills of the Strandschea, a little to the
+west of Constantinople. It is called Indchiguis, and is inhabited by
+Troglodytes; its numerous dwellings are cut in solid rocks, stories are
+formed in the same manner, and many apartments that communicate with each
+other.
+
+W. H. F.
+
+_Boswell's "Johnson"_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--
+
+ "Crescit, occulto velut arbor aevo,
+  Fama Marcelli: micat inter omnes
+  Julium sidus, velut inter ignes
+              Luna minores."--Hor. _Carm._ I. xii. 45-48.
+
+F. C. has overlooked the _point_ of Boswell's remark, viz. that Johnson had
+been "inattentive to metre."
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Pronunciation of "Humble"_ (Vol. viii., p. 393.).--I venture once more to
+trespass on your pages, in the hope of helping to settle the right
+pronunciation of _humble_. In the controversy respecting it, the derivation
+of the word should not be overlooked, as it is a most important point; for
+I consider that the improper use of the _h_ has arisen from people not
+knowing from whence the word was taken. Now, as I am of opinion that it
+will go far to prove that the _h_ should be silent in _humble_, by giving a
+list of the radical words in the English language in which that letter is
+silent, and their derivations, I beg to do so: premising that they are
+derived from the Celtic language, in which the _h_ is not used in the same
+manner that it is in other languages:
+
+_Heir_, from _oigeir_, i. e. the young man who succeeds to a property: the
+word is pronounced _air_.
+
+_Honest_, from _oinnicteac_, i. e. just, liberal, generous, kind.
+
+_Honour_, from _onoir_, i. e. praise, respect, worship.
+
+_Hour_, from _uair_, pronounced _voir_, i. e. time present, a period of
+time, any time.
+
+_Humble_, from _umal_, i. e. lowly, obedient, submissive.
+
+_Humour._ The derivation of this word is obscure, but in the sense of
+_mirth_ it may be derived from _uaim-mir_, i. e. loud mirth, gaiety.
+
+The compounds formed from these words have the _h_ silent; and every other
+word beginning with {552} that letter should have it fully sounded. Such
+being my practice, I cannot be accused of cultivating the _Heapian
+dialect_, which I hold to be equally abominable with the improper use of
+the letter _h_.
+
+FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+May not the following be the true solution of the question? All _existing_
+humility is either pride or hypocrisy; pride aspirates the _h_, hypocrisy
+suppresses it. I always aspirate.
+
+M.
+
+_Continuation of Robertson_ (Vol. viii., p. 515.).--The supplementary
+volume proposed by MR. TURNBULL, which is wanted extremely, was never
+published, owing to the fact that eighty subscribers could not be found to
+indemnify him for the expense of printing.
+
+G.
+
+_Nostradamus_ (Vol. vii., p. 174.).--My edition of _Nostradamus_, 1605
+(described in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 140.), has the quotation in question;
+but the first line has "le sang du juste," not "le sang du jusse."
+
+The ed. of 1605 is undoubtedly genuine. Besides the twelve centuries of
+prophecies, it contains 141 "Presages tirez de ceux faits par M.
+Nostradamus," and fifty-eight "Predictions admirables pour les ans courans
+en ce Siecle, recueillies des memoires de feu M. Nostradamus," with a
+dedication to Henry IV. of France, "par Vincent Seve, de Beaucaire, 19
+Mars, 1605."
+
+R. J. R.
+
+_Quantity of Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 386.).--ANTI-BARBARUS need not say we
+always pronounce Candace long, for I have never heard it otherwise than
+short. Labbe says it should be short, and classes it with short
+terminations in _[)a]cus_; but I am not aware that there is any poetical
+authority for it. _Canace_ and _canache_ are both short in Ovid; all which
+may have helped to the inference for _Cand[)a]ce_. Facciolati has an
+adjective _cand[)a]cus_, to which I refer your correspondent.
+
+W. HAZEL.
+
+_"Man proposes, but God disposes"_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This saying is
+older than the age of Thomas a Kempis, who was born about A.D. 1380. It
+probably originated in two passages of Holy Scripture, on one or both of
+which it may have been an ancient comment:
+
+    "Hominis est animam praeparare, et Domini gubernare linguam." "Cor
+    hominis disponit viam suam, sed Domini est dirigere gressus
+    ejus."--Proverbs xvi. 1. 10.
+
+The sentiment in both is the same, and their pith is given in a still more
+brief and condensed form in our own proverb. It is remarkable that while
+Dr. A. Clarke, in his notes on Proverbs xvi., has quoted it without
+reference to its authorship in the edition of Stanhope's version of _De
+Imitatione Christi_, which I happen to have, it is not to be found; but its
+place (according to your correspondent's reference) is occupied by the _two
+texts_ above quoted. The work referred to is asserted by some to have been
+only translated or transcribed by a Kempis, and written by John Gerson,
+Chancellor of the University of Paris, a great theologian, who died in
+1429. Be that as it may, I can assure your correspondent A. B. C. that the
+saying in question _did not_ originate with the author of that work. In
+Piers Ploughman's _Vision_, written A.D. 1362, it is thus introduced:
+
+ "And _Spiritus justitiae_
+  Shall juggen, wol he nele he (_will he nil he!_)
+  After the kynges counseil,
+  And the comune like.
+  And _Spiritus prudentiae_,
+  In many a point shall faille,
+  Of that he weneth will falle,
+  If his wit ne weere.
+  Wenynge is no wysdom,
+  Ne wys ymaginacion.
+  _Homo proponit, et Deus disponit_,
+  And governeth alle good vertues."
+    Vol. ii. p. 427., ll. 13984-95. Ed. London: W. Pickering, 1842.
+
+In the same way the author frequently introduces Latin texts from the
+Bible, and other books of authority and devotion. In the notes the editor
+generally refers to the place from whence the quotation is taken; but as
+there is no reference in connexion with the present passage, I infer that
+he was not aware of its source.
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_Polarised Light_ (Vol. viii., p. 409.).--I am unable to furnish H. C. K.
+with knowledge from the fountain-head touching this phenomenon. On
+referring, however, to a little work, much valued in my boyish days, I find
+it thus mentioned:
+
+    "The blue light of the sky is completely polarised at an angle of
+    seventy-four degrees from the sun, in a plane passing through the sun's
+    centre."--P. 219. _Newtonian Philosophy_, by Tom Telescope: Tegg, Lond.
+    1838.
+
+Surely the Herschels mention this.
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+The attempt to establish a _Surrey Archaeological Society_ has at length
+proved successful. Upwards of one hundred and seventy Members have already
+joined the Society. The Duke of Norfolk has accepted its Presidency, and
+the Earl of Ellesmere, the Bishop of Winchester, and Lord Viscount Downe,
+are among the number of its Vice-Presidents. The Society has good work
+before it, and we trust will set about it in a way to {553} secure the
+success which we wish it. The Honorary Secretary and Treasurer is George
+Bish Webb, Esq., of 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill; from whom
+gentlemen desirous of enrolling themselves as Members may obtain copies of
+the Prospectus, Rules, &c. of the Society.
+
+The mention of one county Society seems to call attention to another,
+namely, the _Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society_, the
+volume of whose Proceedings for 1852 is now before us, and affords
+satisfactory proof that the zeal and energy of its members, of which it
+numbers nearly five hundred, are by no means diminished. The papers and the
+illustrations of the volume are highly creditable to all concerned.
+
+The want of a collection of the early antiquities of this country has long
+been the greatest reproach which foreigners have been able to make against
+the British Museum. An opportunity of removing this has lately presented
+itself by an offer to the trustees of the well-known and probably unique
+collection, _The Faussett Museum_. Strange to say, that offer was declined:
+but, as a communication from the Society of Antiquaries strongly urging the
+propriety of a reconsideration of this decision--so that an opportunity
+which may never recur may not be lost--has been addressed to the trustees,
+we still hope that _the Faussett Museum_ will yet fill the empty cases at
+Great Russell Street, and form, as it is well calculated to do, the nucleus
+of a national collection of our own national antiquities. We understand Mr.
+Wylie has most liberally offered to present his valuable Fairford
+Collections to the Museum, if the Faussett Collection is secured for it.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Life and Works of William Cowper_, by Robert Southey,
+Vol. I. This, the first volume of a new edition, which will be comprised in
+eight instead of fifteen volumes--cost twenty-eight instead of seventy-five
+shillings, and yet contain additional plates and matter,--is the new issue
+of Bohn's _Standard Library_.--_The Laws of Artistic Copyright and their
+Defects_, by D. R. Blaine, Esq. A little volume well calculated to instruct
+artists, sculptors, engravers, printsellers, &c., so that they may clearly
+understand their rights, their remedies for the infringement of those
+rights, and the proper mode of transferring their property.--_The Attic
+Philosopher in Paris, being the Journal of a Happy Man_, forms No. LI. of
+Longman's _Traveller's Library_, and is a fit companion to the _Confessions
+of a Working Man_, by the same author, Emile Souvestre, published in the
+same series a few months since.--_Apuleius: Metamorphoses, or Golden Ass,
+and other Works._ A new translation, to which are added a metrical version
+of Cupid and Psyche, and Mrs. Tighe's Psyche, is the new volume of Bohn's
+_Classical Library_.--_Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, &c._,
+by Richard Sims. After the notice of this useful little volume taken by MR.
+BOLTON CORNEY in our last Number, we may content ourselves with expressing
+our hope that the trustees, whose desire it must be to facilitate in every
+way the use of the Museum library, will avail themselves of the earliest
+opportunity of marking their approval of this able attempt on the part of
+one of their officers--a junior though he be--to promote so important an
+object.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES, and the Continuation.
+
+THE HIVE. 3 Vols. London, 1724.
+
+THE FRIENDS. 2 Vols. London, 1773.
+
+LONDON MAGAZINE. 1732 to 1779.
+
+  Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOSEPH MEDE'S WORKS.
+
+JONES'S (of Nayland) SERMONS, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+PLAIN SERMONS. 10 Vols. 8vo.
+
+DEATH-BED SCENES. Best Edition.
+
+ROSE'S (H. J.) SERMONS.
+
+WILBERFORCE'S LIFE. 5 Vols.
+
+  Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HUTCHINS'S DORSETSHIRE. Last Edition.
+
+  Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Folio. Oxford, 1703. Vol. I.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. John James Avington_, Hungerford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RECOLLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE III., by John
+Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, 1820.
+
+  Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN
+(with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804.
+
+A [First] LETTER TO THE REV. DR. PUSEY, in reference to his Letter to the
+Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DILLWIN'S BRITISH CONIFERAE. 4to. 115 Coloured Plates. London, 1809.
+
+(SCIOPPIUS) SCALIGER HYPOBOLYMAEUS, h. e. Elenchus Epistolae Josephi Burdonis
+Pseudo-Scaligeri de Vetustate et Splendore Gestis Scaligeri. 4to. Mainz,
+1607.
+
+  Wanted by _Williams and Norgate_, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+AESTIMATOR _is informed that a new edition of Sir R. Philips's_ Million of
+Facts _has just been published_.
+
+N. E. H. _will find a full history of Cocker's_ Arithmetic _in De Morgan's_
+Books of Arithmetic.
+
+C. E. C. (Reading). _The volume in question is Lyte's Translation of
+Dodoens'_ Historie of Plantes.
+
+T. C. B. _Defoe's_ De Jure Divino _was first published in folio, 1706_.
+_See Wilson's_ Life, vol. ii. p. 465. _et seq._
+
+X. Y. Z. _Is our Correspondent sure that a clergyman on being inducted is
+locked up in the church and obliged to toll the bell himself?_
+
+P. M. HART _will find the line_,
+
+ "Men are but children of a larger growth,"
+
+_in Dryden's_ All for Love.
+
+S. S. (Andover). _We do not believe that Mr. Brayley ever published any
+more than the first volume of his_ Graphic and Historical Illustrator.
+
+C. H. (Cambridge) _is referred to_ "N. & Q.," Vol. i., pp. 211. 236. 325.
+357. 418., _for the history of the proverbial saying_, "God tempers the
+wind to the shorn lamb."
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a
+Half_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._
+
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+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
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+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Geology or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+  1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
+  HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
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+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more congenial than your refutation of M.
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+
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+
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+
+{555}
+
+Now ready, royal 12mo., pp. 430, with a Plan showing the localities of the
+London Libraries, and ground plan of the Libraries in the British Museum,
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+
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+
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+
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+Classed Lists of the Manuscripts, &c.: and a variety of Information
+indispensable for the "Readers" at that Institution. With some Account of
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+
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+Corrections made to printed original.
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+page 541, "Les Lettres Juives.": 'Juices' in original.
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