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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 212, November 19,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 212, November 19, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27009]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{485}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 212.]
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                              Page
+
+    Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century:--No. 1.
+      "Foxes and Firebrands." No. 2. "The Trojan
+      Horse"                                             485
+    Testimonials to Donkeys, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.      488
+    Longevity in Cleveland, Yorkshire, by William Durrant
+      Cooper                                             488
+    Rev. Josiah Pullen                                   489
+
+    FOLK LORE:--Ancient Custom in Warwickshire--
+      Nottinghamshire Customs                            490
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--A Centenarian Couple--"Veni,
+      vidi, vici"--Autumnal Tints--Variety is pleasing--
+      Rome and the Number Six--Zend Grammar--The
+      Duke's First Victory--Straw Paper--American
+      Epitaph                                            490
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    Laurie (?) on Currency, &c.                          491
+    "Donatus Redivivus"                                  492
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Henry Scobell--The Court House
+      --Ash-trees attract Lightning--Symbol of Sow, &c.
+      --Passage in Blackwood--Rathband Family--
+      Encaustic Tiles from Caen--Artificial Drainage--
+      Storms at the Death of Great Men--Motto on Wylcotes'
+      Brass--"Trail through the leaden sky," &c.--
+      Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers--Roman
+      Catholic Bible Society                             493
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS--"Vox Populi Vox
+      Dei"--"Lanquettes Cronicles"--"Our English
+      Milo"--"Delights for Ladies"--Burton's Death
+      --Joannes Audoenus--Hampden's Death                494
+
+  REPLIES:-
+
+    "Pinece with a Stink," by W. Pinkerton, &c.          496
+    Monumental Brasses abroad, by Josiah Cato            497
+    Milton's "Lycidas," by C. Mansfield Ingleby          497
+    School Libraries, by Weld Taylor and G. Brindley
+      Acworth                                            498
+    Cawdray's "Treasurie of Similies," and Simile of
+      Magnetic Needle, by Rev. E. C. Harington, &c.      499
+    "Mary, weep no more for me," by J. W. Thomas         500
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Clouds in Photographs
+      --Albumenized Paper--Stereoscopic Angles
+      --Photographic Copies of MSS.                      501
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Lord Cecil's "Memorials"
+      --Foreign Medical Education--Encyclopaedias
+      --Pepys's Grammar--"Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus
+      Mundi"--Napoleon's Spelling--Black as a mourning
+      Colour--Chanting of Jurors--Aldress--Huggins
+      and Muggins--Camera Lucida--"When Orpheus
+      went down"--The Arms of De Sissone--Oaths of
+      Pregnant Women--Lepel's Regiment--Editions of
+      the Prayer Book prior to 1662--Creole--Daughter
+      pronounced "Dafter"--Richard Geering--Island       502
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                         505
+    Notices to Correspondents                            505
+    Advertisements                                       505
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+PARTY-SIMILES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY--NO. I. "FOXES AND FIREBRANDS."
+NO. II. "THE TROJAN HORSE."
+
+With Englishmen, at least, the seventeenth was a century pre-eminent for
+quaint conceits and fantastic similes: the literature of that period,
+whether devotional, poetical, or polemical[1], was alike infected with the
+universal mania for strained metaphors, and men vied with each other in
+giving extraordinary titles to books, and making the {486} contents justify
+the title. Extravagance and the far-fetched were the gauge of wit: Donne,
+Herbert, and many a man of genius foundered on this rock, as well as
+Cowley, who acted up to his own definition:
+
+ "In a true Piece of Wit _all things_ must be,
+    Yet all things there agree;
+  As in the _Ark_, join'd without force or strife,
+  All creatures dwelt--all creatures that had life."
+
+It is not, however, for the purpose of illustrating this mania that I am
+about to dwell on the two similes which form the subject of my present
+Note: I selected them as favourite party-similes which formed a standing
+dish for old Anglican writers; and also because they throw light on the
+history of religious party in England, and thus form a suitable supplement
+to my article on "High Church and Low Church" (Vol. viii., p. 117.).
+
+As the object of the Church of England, in separating from Rome, was the
+_reformation_, not the _destruction_ of her former faith, by the very act
+of reformation she found herself opposed to two bodies; namely, _that_ from
+which she separated, and the ultra-reformers or Puritans, who clamoured for
+a _radical_ reformation.
+
+Taking these as the Scylla and Charybdis--the two extremes to be
+avoided--the Anglican Church hoped to attain the safe and golden mean by
+steering between these opposites, and find, in this _via media_ course, the
+path of truth.
+
+Accordingly, her divines abound with warnings against the aforesaid Scylla
+and Charybdis, and with exhortations to cleave to the middle line of
+safety. Acting on the proverb that _extremes meet_, they were ever drawing
+parallels between their two opponents. On the other hand, the Puritans
+stoutly contended that _they_ were the true middle-men; and in their turn
+traced divers similarities and parallels betwixt "Popery and Prelacy," the
+"Mass Book and Service Book."[2]
+
+Without farther preface, I shall give the title of a curious work, which
+will tell its own story:
+
+    "_Foxes and Firebrands_; or _A Specimen of the Danger and Harmony of
+    Popery and Separation_. Wherein is proved from undeniable Matter of
+    Fact and Reason, that Separation from the Church of England is, in the
+    Judgment of Papists, and by Experience, found the most Compendious way
+    to introduce Popery, and to ruine the Protestant Religion:
+
+     '_Tantum Religio potuit suadere Malorum._'"
+
+A work under this title was published, if I mistake not, in London in 1678
+by Dr. Henry Nalson; in 1682, Robert Ware reprinted it with a second part
+of his own; and in 1689 he added a _third_ and last part in 12mo., uniform
+with the previous volume.[3] In the Epist. Ded. to Part II. the writer says
+of the Church of England:
+
+    "The Papists on the one hand, and the Puritans on the other, did
+    endeavour to sully and bespatter the glory of her Reformation: the one
+    taxing it with innovation, and the other with superstition."
+
+The Preface to the Third Part declares that the object of the whole work is
+"to reclaim the most haggard Papists" and Puritans.
+
+Wheatly, in treating of the State Service for the 29th of May, remarks:
+
+    "The Papists and Sectaries, like Sampson's Foxes, though they look
+    contrary ways, do yet both join in carrying Fire to destroy us: their
+    End is the same, though the method be different."--_Rational Illust. of
+    the Book of Common Prayer_, 3rd edit., London, 1720, folio.
+
+The following passage occurs in _A Letter to the Author of the Vindication
+of the Clergy_, by Dr. Eachard, London, 1705:
+
+    "I have put in hard, I'll assure you, in all companies, for two or
+    three more: as for example, _The Papist and the Puritan being tyed
+    together like Sampson's Foxes_. I liked it well enough, and have
+    beseeched them to let it pass for a phansie; but I could never get the
+    rogues in a good humour to do it: for they say that _Sampson's foxes_
+    have been so very long and so very often tied together, that it is high
+    time to part them. It may be because something very like it is to be
+    found in a printed sermon, which was preached thirty-eight years ago:
+    it is no flam nor whisker. It is the forty-third page upon the right
+    hand. Yours go thus, viz. _Papist and Puritan, like Sampson's Foxes,
+    though looking and running two several ways, yet are ever joyned
+    together the tail._ My author has it thus, viz. _The Separatists and
+    the Romanists consequently to their otherwise most distant principles
+    do fully agree, like Sampson's Foxes, tyed together by the tails, to
+    set all on fire, although their faces look quite contrary ways._"--P.
+    34.
+
+It would be easy to multiply passages in which this simile occurs; but what
+I have given is {487} suffcient for my purpose, and I must leave room for
+"The Trojan Horse."[4]
+
+I must content myself with giving the title of the following work, as I
+have never met with the book itself: _The Trojan Horse, or The Presbyterian
+Government Unbowelled_, London, 1646.
+
+In a brochure of Primate Bramhall's, entitled
+
+    "A Faire Warning for England to take heed of the Presbyterian
+    Government.... Also the Sinfulnesse and Wickednesse of the _Covenant_,
+    to introduce that Government upon the Church of England."
+
+the second paragraph of the first page proceeds:
+
+    "But to see those very men who plead so vehemently against all kinds of
+    tyranny, attempt to obtrude their own dreames not only upon their
+    fellow-subjects, but upon their sovereigne himself, contrary to the
+    dictates of his own conscience, contrary to all law of God and man; yea
+    to compell forreigne churches to dance after their pipe, to worship
+    that counterfeit image which they feign to have fallen down from
+    Jupiter, and by force of arms to turne their neighbours out of a
+    possession of above 1400 years, to make roome for their _Trojan Horse_
+    of ecclesiastical discipline (a practice never justified in the world
+    but either by the Turk or by the Pope): this put us upon the defensive
+    part. They must not think that other men are so cowed or grown so tame,
+    as to stand still blowing of their noses, whilst they bridle them and
+    ride them at their pleasure. It is time to let the world see that _this
+    discipline_ which they so much adore, is _the very quintessence of
+    refined Popery_."
+
+My copy of this tract has no place or date: but it appears to have been
+printed at the Hague in 1649. It was answered in the same year by "Robert
+Baylie, minister at Glasgow," whose reply was "printed at Delph."
+
+As the tide of the time and circumstance rolled on, this simile gained
+additional force and depth; and to understand the admirable aptitude of its
+application in the passage I shall next quote, a few preliminary remarks
+are necessary.
+
+There was always in the Church of England a portion of her members who
+could not forget that the Puritans, though external to her communion, were
+yet fellow Protestants; that they differed not in kind, but in degree--and
+that these differences were insignificant compared with those of Rome. At
+the same time, they reflected that perhaps the Church of England was not
+exactly in the middle, and that she would not lose were she to move a
+little nearer the Puritan side. Accordingly, various attempts were made to
+enlarge the terms of her communion, and eject from her service-book any
+lingering "relics of Popery" which might offend the weaker brethren yclept
+the Puritans: thus to make a grand Comprehension Creed--a Church to include
+all Protestants.
+
+This was tried in James I.'s reign at the Savoy Conference; but in spite of
+Baxter's strenuous efforts and model prayer-book, it was a failure. Even
+Archbishop Sancroft was led to attempt a similar Comprehensive Scheme, so
+terrified was he at the dominance of the Roman Church in the Second James's
+reign: however, William's accession, and his becoming a nonjuror, crossed
+his design. In 1689, Tillotson, Burnet, and a number of William's
+"Latitudinarian" clergy made a bold push for it. A Comprehension Bill
+actually passed the House of Lords, but was thrown out by the Commons and
+Convocation. From William's time toleration and encouragement were extended
+to all save "Popish Recusants;" so that there were a large number in the
+Church of England ready to assist their comrades _outside_ in breaking down
+her fences. The High Churchmen, however, as may be guessed, would not sit
+tamely by, and see the leading idea of the Anglican Church thrown to the
+winds, her _via media_ profaned, her park made a common, and her
+distinctive doctrines and fences levelled to the ground. What _their_
+feelings were, may be gathered from this indignant invective:
+
+    "The most of the inconveniences we labour under to this day, owe their
+    original to the weakness of some and to the cowardice of others of the
+    clergy. For had they stood stiff and inflexible at first against the
+    encroachments and intrigues of a Puritanical faction, like a threefold
+    cord, we could not have been so easily shattered and broken. The
+    dissenters, as well skilled in the art of war, have besieged the Church
+    in form: and at all periods and seasons have raised their batteries,
+    and carried on their saps and counter-scarps against her. They have
+    left no means unessayed or practised, to weaken her. And when open
+    violence has been baffled, and useless, _stratagem_ and contrivance
+    have supplied what force could never effect. Hence it is, that under
+    the cant of _conscience_ and _scruple_, they have feigned a compliance
+    of embracing her communion; if such and such ceremonies and rules that
+    then stood in force could be omitted, or connived at: and having once
+    broke ground on her discipline, they have continued to carry on their
+    trenches, and had almost brought the _Great Comprehension-Horse_ within
+    our walls; whilst the _complying_, or the _moderate_ clergy (as they
+    are called), like the infatuated _Trojans_, helped forward the
+    _unwieldy machine_; nor were they aware of the danger and destruction
+    that might have issued out of him."--_The Entertainer_, London, 1718,
+    p. 153.[5]
+
+{488}
+
+I shall but add a postscript to my former Note. In "N. & Q." (Vol. viii.,
+p. 156.), a number of pamphlets on High Church and Low Church are referred
+to. A masterly sketch of the two theories is given at pp. 87, 88. of Mr.
+Kingsley's _Yeast_, London, 1851.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+[Footnote 1: Dr. Eachard, in his work on _The Grounds and Occasions of the
+Contempt of the Clergy and Religion inquired into_, London, 1712, after
+ably showing up the pedantry of some preachers, next attacks the
+"indiscreet and horrid Metaphor Mongers." "Another thing that brings great
+disrespect and mischief upon the clergy ... is their packing their sermons
+so full of similitudes" (p. 41.). Eachard has a museum of curiosities in
+this line. _The Puritan Pulpit_, however, far outstrips even the incredible
+nonsense and irreverence which he adduces. Let any one curious in such
+matters dip into a collection of Scotch Sermons of the seventeenth century.
+Sir W. Scott, in some of his works, has endeavoured to give a faint idea of
+the extraordinary way in which passages of Holy Scripture were applied in
+the same century. I have a very curious _book of soliloquies_, which
+unfortunately wants the title-page. From internal evidence, however, it
+appeals to have been written in Ireland in the seventeenth century: the
+writer signs himself "P. P." The editor of this little 12mo., in "An
+Epistle to the Reader," after reprehending "the wits of our times" for
+"quibbling and drolling upon the Bible," says immediately after:--"This
+author's _innocent abuse of Scripture_ is so far from countenancing, that
+it rather shames and condemns that licentious and abominable practice. Nor
+can we admit of the most useful allusions without that harmless (nay
+helpful and advantageous) [Greek: katachresis], or abuse here practised:
+wherein the words are indeed used to another, but yet to a Holy end and
+purpose, besides that for which they were at first instituted and
+intended." The most reverend of our readers must need smile, were I to give
+a specimen of this "innocent abuse."
+
+While noticing the false wit which passed current in that century, we must
+not forget that the same age produced a South and a Butler: and that in
+beauty of simile, few, if any, surpass Bishop Jeremy Taylor.]
+
+[Footnote 2: An Analysis of the "divers pamphlets published against the
+Book of Common Prayer" would make a very curious volume. Take a passage
+from the _Anatomy of the Service Book_, for instance: "The cruellest of the
+American savages, called the Mohaukes, though they fattened their captive
+Christians to the slaughter, yet they eat them up at once; but the
+Service-book savages eat the servants of God by piece-meal: keeping them
+alive (if it may be called a life) _ut sentiant se mori_, that they may be
+the more sensible of their dying" (p. 56.). Sir Walter Scott quotes a
+curious tract in _Woodstock_, entitled _Vindication of the Book of Common
+Prayer against the Contumelious Slanders of the Fanatic Party terming it_
+"Porridge." The author of this singular and rare tract (says Sir W.)
+indulges in the allegorical style, till he fairly hunts down the allegory.
+The learned divine chases his metaphor at a very cold scent, through a
+pamphlet of his mortal quarto pages.--See a _Parallel of the Liturgy with
+the Mass Book, Breviary, &c._, by Robert Baylie. 1661, 4to.]
+
+[Footnote 3: [See "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 172.--ED.]]
+
+[Footnote 4: See Grey's _Hudibras_, Dublin, 1744, vol. ii. p. 248., vol. i.
+pp. 150, 151., where allusions both to "The Trojan Mare" and tying "the fox
+tails together" occur. Butler was versed in the controversies of his day,
+and, moreover, loved to satirise the metaphor mania by his exquisitely
+comic similes.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Let any one interested in the history of Comprehension refer
+to the proceedings relative to the formation of the "Evangelical Alliance."
+Jeremy Collier gives a curious parallel:--"Lord Burleigh, upon some
+complaint against the Liturgy, bade the Dissenters draw up another, and
+contrive the offices in such a form as might give general satisfaction to
+their brethren. Upon this overture the first classis struck out their
+lines, and drew mostly by the portrait of Geneva. This draught was referred
+to the consideration of a second classis, who made no less than _six
+hundred_ exceptions to it. The third classis quarrelled with the
+corrections of the second, and declared for a new model. The fourth refined
+no less upon the third. The treasurer advised all these reviews, and
+different committees, on purpose to break their measures and silence their
+clamours against the Church. However, since they could not come to any
+agreement in a form for divine service, he had a handsome opportunity for a
+release: for now they could not decently importune him any farther. To part
+smoothly with them, he assured their agents that, when they came to any
+unanimous resolve upon the matter before them, they might expect his
+friendship, and that he should be ready to bring their scheme to a
+settlement." Collier's _Hist._, vol. viii. p. 16. See Cardwell's _Hist. of
+the Conference connected with the Revision of the Book of Common Prayer_,
+London, 1849, 8vo. See also _Quarterly Review_, vol. 1. pp. 508-561., No.
+C. Jan. 1834. The present American Prayer Book is formed on the
+Comprehension scheme. Last year Pickering published a _Book of Common
+Prayer of the Church of England, adapted for General Use in other
+Protestant Churches_, which is well worth referring to.
+
+Those who wished to "comprehend" at the Roman side of the _via media_ were
+very few. Elizabeth and Laud are the most prominent instances. Charles I.,
+and afterwards the Nonjurors, had schemes of communion with the Greek
+Church. A _History of Comprehension_ would involve a historical notice of
+the Thirty-nine Articles, and the plan of Comprehension maintained by some
+to be the intention of their framers. It should include also distinctive
+sketches of the classes formerly denominated _Church Papists_ and _Church
+Puritans_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TESTIMONIALS TO DONKEYS.
+
+The following extract from an article on "Angling in North Wales," which
+appeared in _The Field_ newspaper of October 22nd, contains a specimen of
+an entirely original kind of testimonial, which seems to me worthy of
+preservation in "N. & Q.'s" museum of curiosities:
+
+    "Beguiled by the treacherous representations of a certain Mr. Williams,
+    and the high character of his donkeys, I undertook the ascent of Dunas
+    Bran, and poked about among the ruins of Crow Castle on its summit,
+    where I found nothing of any consequence, except an appetite for my
+    dinner. The printed paper which Mr. Williams hands about, deploring the
+    loss of his 'character,' and testifying to the wonderful superiority of
+    all his animals, is rather amusing. Mr. Williams evidently never had a
+    donkey 'what wouldn't go.' This paper commences with an affidavit from
+    certain of the householders and _literati_ of Llangollen, that he 'had
+    received numerous testimonials, all of which we are sorry to say _has_
+    been lost.' Those preserved, however, and immortalised in print,
+    suffice to establish Mr. Williams' reputation:
+
+    "Mr. W. and his son and daughter bear testimony to the civility and
+    attention of Mr. Williams _and_ his donkeys.
+
+    "S. P., Esquire, attended at the Haud Hotel, 24th June, 1851, and
+    engaged four of Mr. Williams' donkeys for the use of a party of ladies,
+    who expressed themselves highly gratified. The animals were remarkably
+    tractable, and void of stupidity.
+
+    "Mrs. D. A. B. visited Valle Crucis Abbey on the back of Mr. Williams'
+    ass, and is well satisfied.
+
+     "Sept. 4. 1852.
+          This is to certify that
+            LADY MARSHALL
+        Is to Donkeys very partial,
+        And no postilion in a car, shall
+      Ever more her drive
+        O'er all the stones;
+        On 'Jenny Jones'
+      She'll ride while she's alive!"
+
+Those who have visited Malvern will remember the vast quantity of donkeys
+who rejoice in the cognomen of "The Royal Moses." Their history is as
+follows:--When the late Queen Dowager was at Malvern, she frequently
+ascended the hills on donkey-back; and on all such occasions patronised a
+poor old woman, whose stud had been reduced, by a succession of
+misfortunes, to a solitary donkey, who answered to the name of "Moses." At
+the close of her visit, her majesty, with that kindness of heart which was
+such a distinguishing trait in her character, not only liberally rewarded
+the poor old woman, but asked her if there was anything that she could do
+for her which would be likely to bring back her former prosperity. The old
+woman turned the matter over in her mind, and then said, "Please your
+majesty to give a name to my donkey." This her Majesty did. "Moses" became
+"the Royal Moses;" every body wanted to ride him; the old woman's custom
+increased, and when the favoured animal died (for he is dead) he left
+behind him a numerous family, all of whom called after their father, "the
+Royal Moses."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LONGEVITY IN CLEVELAND, YORKSHIRE.
+
+A cursory conversation with a lady in her eighty-fifth year, now living at
+Skelton in Cleveland, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, when she {489}
+deprecated the notion that she was one of the _old_ inhabitants, led me to
+inquire more particularly into the duration of life in that township. The
+minister, the Rev. W. Close, who has been the incumbent since the year
+1813, and who has had the duties to perform, and the registers to keep,
+therefore, from about the period of the act which required the age to be
+stated, now forty years ago, was most willing to give me aid and extracts
+from the burial register, from the commencement of 1813 to August, 1852,
+during which period 799 persons were buried. The extracts show these
+extraordinary facts.
+
+Out of the 799 persons buried in that period, no less than 263, or nearly
+one-third, attained the age of 70. Of these two, viz. Mary Postgate, who
+died in 1816, and Ann Stonehouse, who died in 1823, attained respectively
+the ages of 101. Nineteen others were 90 years of age and upwards, viz. one
+was 97, one was 96, one was 95, four were 94, one was 93, five were 92,
+three were 91, and three were 90. Between the ages of 80 and 90 there died
+109, of whom thirty-nine were 85 and upwards, and seventy were under 85;
+and between the ages of 70 and 80 there died 133, of whom sixty-five were
+75 years and upwards, and sixty-eight were between 70 and 75. In one page
+of the register containing eight names, six were above 80, and in another
+five were above 70.
+
+In this parish of Skelton there is now living a man named Moon, 104 years
+old, who is blind now, but managed a small farm till nearly or quite 100;
+and a blacksmith named Robinson Cook, aged 98, who worked at his trade till
+May last.
+
+In the chapelry of Brotton, which adjoins Skelton township, and has been
+also under the spiritual charge of Mr. Close, the longevity is even more
+remarkable. Out of 346 persons buried since the new register came into
+force in 1813, down to 1st October, 1853, no less than 121, or more than
+one-third, attained the age of 70. One Betty Thompson, who died in 1834,
+was 101; nineteen were more than 90, of whom one was 98, two were 97, three
+were 95, one was 93, four were 92, five were 91, and three were 90; there
+were forty-four who died between 80 and 90 years old, of whom nineteen were
+85 and upwards, and twenty-five were between 80 and 85; and there were
+fifty-seven who died between the ages of 70 and 80, of whom no less than
+thirty-one were 75 and upwards. The average of the chapelry is increased
+from the circumstance that sixteen bodies of persons drowned in the sea in
+wrecks, and whose ages were not of course very great, are included in the
+whole number of 346 burials. That celibacy did not lessen the chance of
+life, was proved by a bachelor named Simpson, who died at 92, and his
+maiden sister at 91.
+
+I am told that the neighbouring parish of Upleatham has also a high
+character for longevity, but I had not the same opportunity of examining
+the register as was afforded me by Mr. Close.
+
+And now for a Query. What other, if any district in the north or south,
+will show like or greater longevity?
+
+WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REV. JOSIAH PULLEN.
+
+Every Oxford man regards with some degree of interest that goal of so many
+of his walks, Joe Pullen's tree, on Headington Hill. So at least it was in
+my time, now some thirty years since. Perhaps the following notices of him,
+who I suppose planted it, or at all events gave name to it, may be
+acceptable to your Oxford readers. They are taken from that most curious
+collection (alas! too little known) the Pocket-books of Tom Hearne, vol.
+liii. pp. 25-35., now in the Bodleian:
+
+    "Jan. 1, 1714-15. Last night died Mr. Josiah Pullen, A.M., minister of
+    St. Peter's in the East, and Vice-Principal of Magdalen Hall. He had
+    also a parsonage in the country. He was formerly domestick chaplain to
+    Bishop Sanderson, to whom he administered the sacrament at his death.
+    He lived to a very great age, being about fourscore and three, and was
+    always very healthy and vigorous. He was regular in his way of living,
+    but too close, considering that he was a single man, and was wealthy.
+    He seldom used spectacles, which made him guilty of great blunders at
+    divine service, for he would officiate to the last. He administered the
+    Sacrament last Christmas Day to a great congregation at St. Peter's,
+    which brought his illness upon him. He took his B.A. degree May 26,
+    1654. He became minister of St. Peter's in the East anno 1668, which
+    was the year before Dr. Charlett was entered at Oxford."--P. 25.
+
+    "Jan. 7, Friday. This day, at four in the afternoon, Mr. Pullen was
+    buried in St. Peter's Church, in the chapel at the north side of the
+    chancell. All the parishioners were invited, and the pall was held up
+    by six Heads of Houses, though it should have been by six Masters of
+    Arts, as Dr. Radcliffe's pall should have been held up by Doctors in
+    Physic, and not by Doctors of Divinity and Doctors of Law."--P. 32.
+
+Dr. Radcliffe's funeral had taken place in the preceding month.
+
+In Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. iv. p. 181., is the following
+epitaph of Pullen, drawn up by Mr. Thomas Wagstaffe:
+
+    "Hic jacet reverendus vir Josia Pullen, A.M. Aulae Magd. 57 annos vice
+    principalis, necnon hujusce ecclesiae Pastor 39 annos. Obiit 31^o
+    Decembris, anno Domini 1714, aetatis 84."
+
+From the notice of Thomas Walden, in Johnson's _Lives of the Poets_, it
+appears that Yalden was a pupil of Pullen. (See also Walton's _Life of
+Sanderson_, towards the end.) I hope this may elicit some farther account
+of a man whose name has survived so long in Oxford memory. {490}
+
+As to the tree, I have some recollection of having heard that it had a few
+years ago a narrow escape of being thrown down, sometime about the
+vice-chancellorship of Dr. Symons, who promptly came forward to the rescue.
+Was it ever in such peril? and, if so, was it preserved?
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Ancient Custom in Warwickshire._--In Sir William Dugdale's _Diary_, under
+the year 1658, is noted the following:
+
+    "On All Hallow Even, the master of the family antiently used to carry a
+    bunch of straw, fired, about his corne, saying,
+
+     'Fire and red low,
+      Light on my teen low.'"
+
+Can any of your readers learned in ancient lore explain the custom and the
+meaning of the couplet, well as its origin? Does it now at all prevail in
+that county?
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+_Nottinghamshire Customs._--1. The 29th of May is observed by the Notts
+juveniles not only by wearing the usual piece of oak-twig, but each young
+loyalist is armed with a nettle, as coarse as can be procured, with which
+instrument of torture are coerced those unfortunates who are unprovided
+with "royal oak," as it is called. Some who are unable to procure it
+endeavour to avoid the penalty by wearing "dog-oak" (maple), but the
+punishment is always more severe on discovery of the imposition.
+
+2. On Shrove Tuesday, the first pancake cooked is given to Chanticleer for
+his sole gratification.
+
+3. The following matrimonial custom prevails at Wellow or Welley, as it is
+called, a village in the heart of the county. The account is copied from
+the _Notts Guardian_ of April 28, 1853:
+
+    "Wellow. It has been a custom from time immemorial in this parish, when
+    the banns of marriage are published, for a person, selected by the
+    clerk, to rise and say 'God speed them well,' the clerk and
+    congregation responding, Amen! Owing to the recent death of the person
+    who officiated in this ceremony, last Sunday, after the banns of
+    marriage were read, a perfect silence prevailed, the person chosen,
+    either from want of courage or loss of memory, not performing his part
+    until after receiving an intimation from the clerk, and then in so
+    faint a tone as to be scarcely audible. His whispered good wishes were,
+    however, followed by a hearty Amen, mingled with some laughter in
+    different parts of the church."
+
+I do not know whether any notices of the above have appeared in "N. & Q.,"
+and send to inquire respecting 1. and 3. whether a similar custom holds
+elsewhere; and whether 2. has any connexion with the disused practice of
+cock-shying?
+
+FURVUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_A Centenarian Couple._--The obituary of _Blackwood's Magazine_ for August,
+1821, contains the following:
+
+    "Lately, in Campbell, County Virginia, Mr. Chas. Layne, sen., aged 121
+    years, being born at Albemarle, near Buckingham county, 1700. He has
+    left a widow aged 110 years, and a numerous and respectable family down
+    to the fourth generation. He was a subject of four British sovereigns,
+    and a citizen of the United States for nearly forty-eight years. Until
+    within a few years he enjoyed all his faculties, and excellent health."
+
+The above extract is followed by notices of the deaths of Anne Bryan, of
+Ashford, co. Waterford, aged 111; and Wm. Munro, gardener at Rose Hall,
+aged 104.
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+_"Veni, vidi, vici."_--To these remarkable and well-known words of the
+Roman general, I beg to forward two more sententious despatches of
+celebrated generals:
+
+  _Suwarrow._ "Slava bogu! Slava vam!
+              Krepost Vzala, yiatam."
+
+ "Glory to God and the Empress! Ismail's ours."
+
+It is also stated, I do not know on what authority, that the old and
+lamented warrior, Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of Scinde,
+"Peccavi."
+
+Perhaps some of your correspondents could add a few more pithy sentences on
+a like subject.
+
+G. LLOYD.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Autumnal Tints._--Scarce any one can have failed to notice the unusual
+richness and brilliance of the autumnal tints on the foliage this year. I
+have more particularly remarked this in Clydesdale, the lake districts of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland, and in Somersetshire and Devonshire. Can any
+of the contributors to "N. & Q." inform me if attributable to the
+extraordinary wetness of the season?
+
+R. H. B.
+
+_Variety is pleasing._--Looking over my last year's note-book, I find the
+following _morceau_, which I think ought to be preserved in "N. & Q.:"
+
+    "Nov. 30, 1851. Observed in the window of the Shakspeare Inn a written
+    paper running thus:
+
+         'To be raffled for:
+      The finding of Moses, and six
+            Fat geeze(!!).
+          Tickets at the bar.'"
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+_Rome and the Number Six._--It has been remarked lately in "N. & Q." that
+in English history, the reign of the second sovereign of the same name has
+been infelicitous. I cannot turn to the {491} note I read, and I forget
+whether it noticed the remarks in Aubrey's _Miscellanies_ (London, 8vo.,
+1696), that "all the _second_ kings since the Conquest have been
+unfortunate." It may be worth the while to add (what is remarked by Mr.
+Matthews in his _Diary of an Invalid_), that the number _six_ has been
+considered at Rome as ominous of misfortune. Tarquinius Sextus was the very
+worst of the Tarquins, and his brutal conduct led to a revolution in the
+government; under Urban the Sixth, the great schism of the West broke out;
+Alexander the Sixth outdid all that his predecessors amongst the Tarquins
+or the Popes had ventured to do before him; and the presentiment seemed to
+receive confirmation in the misfortunes of the reign of his successor Pius
+VI., to whose election was applied the line:
+
+ "Semper sub sextis perdita Roma fuit."
+
+W. S. G.
+
+Newcastle-on-Tyne.
+
+_Zend Grammar._--The following fragment on Zend grammar having fallen in my
+way, I inclose you a copy, as the remarks contained in it may be of service
+to Oriental scholars.
+
+I am unable to state the author's name, although I suspect the MS. to be
+from a highly important quarter. The subject-matter, however, is
+sufficiently important to merit publication.
+
+    "The _Zend_, of disputed authenticity, and the _Asmani Zuban_, a
+    notoriously fictitious tongue, compared."
+
+    "It is well known that Sanscrit words abound in _Zend_; and that some
+    of its inflexions are formed by the rules of the Vyacaran or _Sanscrit_
+    grammar.
+
+    "It would therefore seem quite possible that by application of these
+    rules a grammar might be written of the _Zend_. Would such a
+    composition afford any proof of the disputed point--the authenticity of
+    the _Zend_?
+
+    "I think it would not, and support my opinion by reasons founded on the
+    following facts.
+
+    "The _Asmani Zuban_ of the Desstu is most intimately allied to Persian.
+    It is, in fact, fabricated out of that language, as is shown by clear
+    internal evidence. Now the grammatical structure of this fictitious
+    tongue is identical with that of Persian: and hence by following the
+    rules of Persian grammar, a grammar of the _Asmani Zuban_ might be
+    easily framed. But would this work advance the cause of forgery, and
+    tend to invest it with the quality of truth? No more, I answer, and for
+    the same reason, than is a grammar of the _Zend_, founded on the
+    Vyacaran, to be received in proof of the authenticity of that
+    language."
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+_The Duke's first Victory._--Perhaps it may interest the future author of
+the life of the Duke of Wellington to be informed of his _first victory_.
+It was not in India, as commonly supposed, but on Donnybrook Road, near
+Dublin, that his first laurels were won. This appears from the _Freeman's
+Journal_, September 18th, 1789, where we learn that in consequence of a
+wager between him and Mr. Whaley of 150 guineas, the Hon. Arthur Wesley
+walked from the five-mile stone on Donnybrook Road to the corner of the
+circular road in Leeson Street, in fifty-five minutes, and that a number of
+gentlemen rode with the walker, whose horses he kept in a tolerable smart
+trot. When it is recollected that those were Irish miles, even deducting
+the distance from Leeson Street to the Castle, whence the original
+measurements were made, this walk must be computed at nearly six English
+miles.
+
+OMICRON.
+
+_Straw Paper._--Various papers manufactured of straw are now in the market.
+The pen moves so easily over any and all of them, that literary men should
+give them a trial. As there seems considerable likelihood of this
+manufacture being extensively introduced, on account of the dearness of
+rags, &c., it is to be hoped that it will not be _improved_ into the
+resemblance of ordinary paper. Time was when ordinary paper could be
+written on in comfort, but that which adulterated Falstaff's sack spoiled
+it for the purpose, and converted it into limed twigs to catch the winged
+pen.
+
+M.
+
+_American Epitaph_ (Vol. viii., p. 273.).--The following lines are to be
+seen on a tombstone in Virginia:
+
+ "My name, my country, what are they to thee?
+  What whether high, or low, my pedigree?
+  Perhaps I far surpassed all other men:
+  Perhaps I fell behind them all--what then?
+  Suffice it, stranger, that thou see'st a tomb,
+  Thou know'st its use; it hides--no matter whom."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+LAURIE (?) ON CURRENCY, ETC.
+
+I have before me a bulky volume, apparently unpublished, treating of
+currency and of many other politico-economical affairs; the authorship of
+which I am desirous of tracing. If any reader of "N. & Q." can assist my
+search I shall feel greatly obliged to him.
+
+This volume extends to 936 closely printed pages, and is altogether without
+divisions either of book, chapter, or section. It has neither title-page,
+conclusion, imprint, or date; and my copy seems to consist of revises or
+"clean sheets" as they came from the press. The main gist of the work is
+thus described, apparently by the author himself, in a MS. note which
+occupies the place of the title-page:
+
+    "It is here meant to show that in civilised nations money is an
+    emanating circulable wealth and power, {492} without which individuals
+    cannot go on in improvement on independent principles. It resolves
+    wealth into the forms most conducive to this object, and prepares for
+    the highest services both individuals and communities."
+
+The book, however, is extremely discursive, and no small portion of it is
+devoted to foreign politics. Thus, of the "Eastern Question," the author
+disposes in this fashion:
+
+    "Austria, to answer its destination, ought to comprise Wallachia,
+    Bessarabia, Moldavia, and, following the line of demarcation drawn by
+    the Danube, the whole territory at its debouchment.... Turkey cannot
+    regard the sacrifices proposed as of much importance, when such
+    security as that now in contemplation could be obtained. The whole
+    strength of her immense empire is at present drained to support her
+    contest on this very barrier with Russia. But that barrier, it is
+    evident, would this way be effectually secured: for Austria has too
+    many points of importance to protect, to dream of creating new ones on
+    this feeble yet extended confine of her domains."--Pp. 835, 836.
+
+From internal evidence, the book appears to have been written between 1812
+and 1815. It is printed in half-sheets, from sig. A to sig. 6 B, and three
+half-sheets are wanting, viz. E, 5 Q, and 5 R. In place of the last two,
+the following MS. note is inserted:
+
+    "The speculations in the two following sheets included views that
+    related to the disorganised state of Turkey, and the unhappy dependence
+    of the Bourbon family; which are now, from the changes which have taken
+    place, altogether unfit for publication."
+
+The sole indication of the authorship which I have observed throughout the
+volume lies in the following foot-note, at p. 893.:
+
+    "This is all that seems to be necessary to say on the subject of
+    education. In a treatise published by me a few years ago, entitled
+    _Improvements in Glasgow_, I think I have exhausted," &c.[6]
+
+The only treatise with such a title which I find in Watt's _Bibliotheca
+Britannica_ is thus entered:
+
+    "LAURIE, David. Proposed improvements in Glasgow. Glasg., 1810,
+    8vo.--Hints regarding the East India Monopoly, 1813. 2s."
+
+My _Queries_ then are these:
+
+1. Is anything known of such a treatise on "circulable wealth," &c., as
+that which I have named?
+
+2. Is any biographical notice extant of the "David Laurie" mentioned by
+Watt?
+
+I may add that the volume in question was recently purchased along with
+about 1000 other pamphlets and books, chiefly on political economy: all of
+which appear to have formerly belonged to the late Lord Bexley, and to have
+been for the most part collected by him when Chancellor of the Exchequer.
+
+E.
+
+Old Trafford, near Manchester.
+
+[Footnote 6: I find no mention of Mr. Laurie, or of his "Improvements in
+Glasgow," in Cleland's _Annals of Glasgow_, published in 1816, nor is he
+mentioned in Mr. McCulloch's _Literature of Political Economy_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"DONATUS REDIVIVUS."
+
+Can you, or any of your correspondents, give me any information relative to
+the history or authorship of the following pamphlet?--
+
+    "Donatus Redivivus: or a Reprimand to a modern Church-Schismatick, for
+    his Revival of the Donatistical Heresy of Rebaptization, in Defiance to
+    the Judgment and Practice of the Catholick Church, and of the Church of
+    England in particular. In a Letter to Himself. London, 1714."
+
+The same tract (precisely identical, except in the title-page) is also to
+be found with the following title:
+
+    "Rebaptization condemned. Wherein is shown, 1. That to Rebaptize any
+    Person that was once Baptiz'd, even by Laymen, in the name of the
+    Sacred Trinity, is contrary to the Practice of the Catholick Church in
+    all Ages. 2. That it is repugnant to the Principles and Practice of the
+    Church of England. 3. The Pernicious Consequences of such a Practice.
+    By the Author of Plain Dealing, or Separation without Schism," &c.
+    London, 1716.
+
+I am aware that, according to Dr. Watt, the author of _Plain Dealing_ was
+Charles Owen, D.D., but he makes no mention of _Donatus Redivivus_, and I
+am unable to discover any account of Dr. Charles Owen or his writings
+elsewhere. There appears to have been a reply to _Donatus Redivivus_,
+purporting to be from the pen of a Mrs. Jane Chorlton. This I have never
+seen, and have only learned of its existence from a subsequent pamphlet
+with the following title:
+
+    "The Amazon Disarm'd: or, the Sophisms of a Schismatical Pamphlet,
+    pretendedly writ by a Gentlewoman, entituled An Answer to Donatus
+    Redivivus, exposed and confuted; being a further Vindication of the
+    Church of England from the scandalous imputation of Donatism or
+    Rebaptization. London, 1714."
+
+The dedication of this last tract begins as follows:
+
+    "To the Reverend Mr. L--ter, and the Demi-reverend Mr. M--l--n.
+
+    "Gentlemen,
+
+    "This letter belongs to you upon a double account, as you were the
+    chief Actors in the late Rebaptizaton, and are the supposed Vindicators
+    of it, in the Answer to Donatus: a Treatise writ in Defence of the
+    Sentiments of the Church, which you father upon a Dissenting Minister,
+    and disingenuously point out to Mr. O----n by Name," &c.
+
+The point which I wish particularly to ascertain is, whether Dr. Charles
+Owen was really the {493} author of either of the tracts I have mentioned;
+and if so, who he was, and where I can find an account of him and his
+writings.
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Henry Scobell._--Henry Scobell, compiler of a well-known Collection of
+Acts, was for several years clerk to the Long Parliament. I should be glad
+to learn what became of him after the dissolution of that assembly.
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+_The Court House._--This place is situated in Painswick, in
+Gloucestershire, and has been described to me as an old out-of-the-way
+place. Where can I meet with a full description of it? Is the tradition
+that a king--supposed to be either the first or second Charles--ever slept
+there true?
+
+F. M.
+
+_Ash-trees attract Lightning._--Is it true that ash-trees are more
+attractive to lightning than any others? and the reason, because the
+surface of the ground around is drier than round other trees?
+
+C. S. W.
+
+_Symbol of Sow, &c._--A sow suckled by a litter of young pigs is a common
+representation carved on the bosses of the roofs of churches. What is this
+symbolical of?
+
+F. G. C.
+
+Ottery St. Mary.
+
+_Passage in Blackwood._--
+
+    "I sate, and wept in secret the tears that men have ever given _to the
+    memory of those that died before the dawn_, and by the treachery of
+    earth our mother."--_Blackwood's Magazine_, December, 1849, p. 72., 3rd
+    line, second column.
+
+Will some of your readers give information respecting the above words in
+Italic?
+
+D. N. O.
+
+_Rathband Family._--Can any of your readers assist me in distinguishing
+between the several members of this clerical family, which flourished
+during the period of the Commonwealth, and immediately preceding? From
+Palmer's _Nonconformist Mem._ (vol. i. p. 520.), there was a Mr. William
+Rathband, M.A., ejected from Southwold, a member of Oxford University, who
+was brother to Mr. Rathband, sometime preacher in the Minster of York, and
+son of an old Nonconformist minister, Mr. W. Rathband, who wrote against
+the Brownists.--I should feel obliged by any information which would
+identify them with the livings they severally held.
+
+OLIVER.
+
+_Encaustic Tiles from Caen._--In the town of Caen, in Normandy, is an
+ancient Gothic building standing in the grounds of the ancient convent of
+the Benedictines, now used as a college. This building, which is commonly
+known as the "Salle des Gardes de Guillaume le Conquerant," was many years
+ago paved with glazed emblazoned earthenware tiles, which were of the
+dimensions of about five inches square, and one and a quarter thick; the
+subjects of them are said to be the arms of some of the chiefs who
+accompanied William the Conqueror to England. Some antiquaries said these
+tiles were of the age of William I.; others that they could only date from
+Edward III. I find it stated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for March, 1789,
+vol. lix. p. 211., that twenty of the tiles above spoken of were taken up
+by the Benedictine monks, and sent as a present to Charles Chadwick, Esq.,
+Healey Hall, Lancashire, in 1786. The rest of the tiles were destroyed by
+the revolutionists, with the exception of some which were fortunately saved
+by the Abbe de la Rue and M. P. A. Lair, of Caen. What I wish to inquire
+is, firstly, who was Charles Chadwick, Esq.? and secondly, supposing that
+he is no longer living, which I think from the lapse of time will be most
+probable, does any one know what became of the tiles which he had received
+from France in 1786?
+
+GEORGE BOASE.
+
+P.S.--The _Gentleman's Magazine_ gives a plate of these tiles, as well as a
+plate of some others with which another ancient building, called "Grand
+Palais de Guillaume le Conquerant," was paved.
+
+Alverton Vean, Penzance.
+
+_Artificial Drainage._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to a work,
+or works, giving a history of draining marshes by machines for raising the
+water to a higher level? Windmills, I suppose, were the first machines so
+used, but neither Beckmann nor Dugdale informs us when first used. I have
+found one mentioned in a conveyance dated 1642, but they were much earlier.
+Any information on the history of the drainage of the marshes near Great
+Yarmouth, of which Dugdale gives passing notice only, would also be very
+acceptable to me.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+_Storms at the Death of great Men._--Your correspondent at Vol. vi., p.
+531., mentions "the storms which have been noticed to take place at the
+time of the death of many great men known to our history."
+
+A list of these would be curious. With a passing reference to the familiar
+instance of the Crucifixion, as connected with all history, we may note, as
+more strictly belonging to the class, those storms that occurred at the
+deaths of "The Great Marquis" of Montrose, 21st May, 1650; Cromwell, 3rd
+September, 1658; Elizabeth Gaunt, who was burnt 23rd October, 1685, and
+holds her reputation as the last female who suffered death for a political
+offence in England; and Napoleon, 5th May, 1821; as well as that which
+solemnised {494} the burial of Sir Walter Scott, 26th September, 1832.
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+_Motto or Wylcotes' Brass._--In the brass of Sir John Wylcotes, Great Tew
+Church, Oxfordshire, the following motto occurs:
+
+ "IN . ON . IS . AL."
+
+I shall feel obliged if any one of your numerous correspondents will
+enlighten my ignorance by explaining it to me.
+
+W. B. D.
+
+Lynn.
+
+_"Trail through the leaden sky," &c._--
+
+ "Trail through the leaden sky their bannerets of fire."
+
+Where is this line to be found, as applied to the spirits of the storm?
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+_Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers._--According to the French historian
+Froissart, four knights or esquires, whose names he does not supply,
+attended the brave Lord Audley at the memorable battle of Poictiers, who,
+some English historians say, were Sir John Delves of Doddington, Sir Thomas
+Dutton of Dutton, Sir Robert Fowlehurst of Crewe (all these places being in
+Cheshire), and Sir John Hawkstone of Wrinehill in Staffordshire; whilst
+others name Sir James de Mackworth of Mackworth in Derbyshire, and Sir
+Richard de Tunstall _alias_ Sneyde of Tunstall in Staffordshire, as _two of
+such knights or esquires_. The accuracy of Froissart as an historian has
+never been questioned; and as he expressly names only _four_ attendants on
+Lord Audley at the battle of Poictiers, it is extremely desirable it should
+be ascertained if possible which of the six above-named knights really were
+the companions of Lord Audley Froissart alludes to; and probably some of
+your learned correspondents may be able to clear up the doubts on the point
+raised by our historians.
+
+T. J.
+
+Worcester.
+
+_Roman Catholic Bible Society._--About the year 1812, or 1813, a Roman
+Catholic Bible Society was established in London, in which Mr. Charles
+Butler, and many other leading gentlemen, took a warm part. How long did it
+continue? Why was it dissolved? Did it publish any annual _reports_, or
+issue any book or tract, besides an edition of the New Testament in 1815?
+Where can the fullest account of it be found?
+
+Will any gentleman be kind enough to _sell_, or even to _lend_, me Blair's
+_Correspondence on the Roman Catholic Bible Society_, a pamphlet published
+in 1813, which I have not been able to meet with at a bookseller's shop,
+and am very desirous to see.
+
+HENRY COTTON.
+
+Thurles, Ireland.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_"Vox Populi Vox Dei."_--Lieber, in the last chapter of his _Civil
+Liberty_, treating of this dictum, ascribes its origin to the Middle Ages,
+acknowledging, however, that he is unable to give anything very definite.
+Sir William Hamilton, in his edition of the _Works_ of Thomas Reid, gives
+the concluding words of Hesiod's _Works and Days_ thus:
+
+    "The word proclaimed by the concordant voice of mankind fails not; for
+    in man speaks God."
+
+And to this the great philosopher adds:
+
+ "Hence the adage (?), 'Vox Populi vox Dei.'"
+
+The sign of interrogation is Sir William Hamilton's, and he was right to
+put it; for whatever the psychological connexion between Hesiod's dictum
+and V. P. V. D. may be, there is surely no historical. "Vox Populi vox Dei"
+is a different concept, breathing the spirit of a different age.
+
+How far back, then, can the dictum in these very words be traced?
+
+Does it, as Lieber says, originally belong to the election of bishops by
+the people?
+
+Or was it of Crusade origin?
+
+America begs Europe to give her facts, not speculation, and hopes that
+Europe will be good enough to comply with her request. Europe has given the
+serious "V. P. V. D." to America, so she may as well give its history to
+America too.
+
+AMERICUS.
+
+    [As this Query of AMERICUS contains some new illustration of the
+    history of this phrase, we have given it insertion, although the
+    subject has already been discussed in our columns. The writer will,
+    however, find that the earliest known instances of the use of the
+    sayings are, by William of Malmesbury, who, speaking of Odo yielding
+    his consent to be Archbishop of Canterbury, A.D. 920, says: "Recogitans
+    illud Proverbium, _Vox Populi Vox Dei_;" and by Walter Reynolds,
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, who, as we learn from Walsingham, took it as
+    his text for the sermon which he preached when Edward III. was called
+    to the throne, from which the people had pulled down Edward II.
+    AMERICUS is farther referred to Mr. G. Cornewall Lewis' _Essay on the
+    Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion_ (pp. 172, 173., and the
+    accompanying notes) for some interesting remarks upon it. See farther,
+    "N. & Q.," Vol. i., pp. 370. 419. 492.; Vol. iii., pp. 288. 381.]
+
+_"Lanquettes Cronicles."_--Of what date is the earliest printed copy of
+these Chronicles? The oldest I am acquainted with is 1560, in quarto
+(continued up to 1540 by Bishop Cooper). Is this edition rare?
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+    [The earliest edition is that printed by T. Berthelet, 4to., 1549. The
+    first two parts of this Chronicle, {495} and the beginning of the
+    third, as far as the seventeenth year after Christ, were composed by
+    Thomas Lanquet, a young man of twenty-four years of age. Owing to his
+    early death, Bishop Cooper finished the work; and his part, which is
+    the third, contains almost thrice as much as Lanquet's two parts, being
+    taken from Achilles Pyrminius. When it was finished, a surreptitious
+    edition appeared in 1559, under the title of Lanquet's _Chronicle_;
+    hereupon the bishop protested against "the vnhonest dealynge" of this
+    book, edited by Thomas Crowley, in the next edition, entitled Cooper's
+    _Chronicle_, "printed in the house late Thomas Berthelettes," 1560. The
+    running title to the first and second parts is, "Lanquet's Chronicle;"
+    and to the third, "The Epitome of Chronicles." The other editions are,
+    "London, 1554," 4to., and "London, 1565," 4to. We should think the
+    edition of 1560 rare: it was in the collections of Mr. Heber and Mr.
+    Herbert. In this work the following memorable passage occurs, under the
+    year 1542:--"One named Johannes Faustius fyrste founde the crafte of
+    printynge in the citee of Mens in Germanie."]
+
+_"Our English Milo."_--Bishop Hall extols in his _Heaven upon Earth_ the
+valour of a countryman in a Spanish bull-fight (see p. 335., collected ed.
+_Works_, 1622). Of whom does he speak?
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+    [If we may offer a conjecture, in the passage cited the bishop seems to
+    refer to that "greatest scourge of Spain" Sir Walter Raleigh, and not
+    so much to a bull-fight as to the Spanish Armada. The bishop is
+    prescribing Expectation as a remedy for Crosses, and says, "Is it not
+    credible what a fore-resolved mind can do--can suffer? Could our
+    English Milo, of whom Spain yet speaketh, since their last peace, have
+    overthrown that furious beast, made now more violent through the rage
+    of his baiting, if he had not settled himself in his station, and
+    expected?" Sir Walter's "fore-resolved and expectant mind" was shown in
+    the publication of his treatise, _Notes of Directions for the Defence
+    of the Kingdom_, written three years before the Spanish invasion of
+    1588.]
+
+_"Delights for Ladies."_--I lately picked up a small volume entitled--
+
+    "Delights for Ladies; to adorn their Persons, Tables, Closets, and
+    Distillatories, with Beauties, Bouquets, Perfumes, and Waters. Reade,
+    practise, and censure." London, Robert Young. 1640.
+
+Who is the author of this interesting little work? Some one has written on
+the fly-leaf, "See Douce's _Illustrations of Shakspeare_, vol. i. p. 69.,
+where there is a reference to this curious little book;" but as I cannot
+readily lay my hand on Douce, I will feel obliged for the information
+sought for from any of your valued correspondents.
+
+GEORGE LLOYD.
+
+Dublin.
+
+    [The author was Sir Hugh Plat, who, says Harte, "not to mention his
+    most excellent talents, was the most ingenious husbandman of the age he
+    lived in. In a word, no man ever discovered, or at least brought into
+    use, so many new sorts of manure." The _Delights for Ladies_ first
+    appeared in 1602, and passed through several editions. Douce merely
+    quotes this work. Plat was the author of several other works: see Watt
+    and Lowndes.]
+
+_Burton's Death._--Did Burton, author of _Anatomy of Melancholy_, commit
+suicide?
+
+C. S. W.
+
+    [The supposition that Robert Burton committed suicide originated from a
+    statement found in Wood's _Athenae_, vol. ii. p. 653. (Bliss). Wood
+    says, "He, the said R. Burton, paid his last debt to nature in his
+    chamber in Christ Church, at or very near that time which he had some
+    years before foretold from the calculation of his own nativity; which,
+    being exact, several of the students did not forbear to whisper among
+    themselves that, rather than there should be a mistake in the
+    calculation, he sent up his soul to heaven through a slip about his
+    neck."]
+
+_Joannes Audoenus._--I shall be obliged by any notices of the personal or
+literary history of John Owen, the famous Latin epigrammatist, in addition
+to those furnished by the _Athenae Oxonienses_. Wood remarks, that "whereas
+he had made many epigrams on several people, so few were made on or written
+to him. Among the few, one by Stradling, and another by Dunbar, a Scot," I
+have met with one allusion to him among the epigrams of T. Bancroft, 4to.,
+Lond. 1639, signat. A 3.:
+
+             "_To the Reader._
+
+  Reader, till Martial thou hast well survey'd,
+  Or Owen's wit with Jonson's learning weighed,
+  Forbeare with thanklesse censure to accuse
+  My writ of errour, or condemne my Muse."
+
+As translators of Audoenus, Wood mentions, in 1619, Joh. Vicars, usher of
+Christ's Hospital school, as having rendered some select epigrams, and
+Thomas Beck six hundred of Owen's, with other epigrams from Martial and
+More, under the title of _Parnassi Puerperium_, 8vo., Lond. 1659. In
+addition to these I find, in a catalogue of Lilly, King Street, Covent
+Garden, No. 4., 1844:
+
+    "HAYMAN, Robert. Certaine Epigrams out of the First Foure Bookes of the
+    excellent Epigrammatist Master John Owen, translated into English at
+    Harbor Grace in Bristol's Hope, anciently called Newfoundland, 4to.,
+    unbound; a rare poetical tract, 1628, 10s. 6d."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+    [The personal and literary history of John Owen (_Audoenus_) is given
+    in the _Biographia Britannica_, vol. v., and in Chalmers' and Rose's
+    Biographical Dictionaries.]
+
+_Hampden's Death._--Was the great patriot Hampden actually slain by the
+enemy on Chalgrove Field? or was his death, as some have asserted, {496}
+caused by the bursting of his own pistol, owing to its having been
+incautiously overcharged?
+
+T. J.
+
+Worcester.
+
+    [See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1815, p. 395., for "A true and
+    faithfull Narrative of the Death of Master Hambden, who was mortally
+    wounded at Challgrove Fight, A.D. 1643, and on the 18th of June." From
+    this narrative we learn, that whilst Hampden was fighting against
+    Prince Rupert at Chalgrove Field, he was struck with two carbine-balls
+    in the shoulder, which broke the bone, and terminated fatally.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+"PINECE WITH A STINK."
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 270. 350.)
+
+I would not have meddled with this subject if R. G., getting on a wrong
+scent, had not arrived at the very extraordinary conclusion that Bramhall
+meant a "pinnace," and an "offensive composition well known to sailors!"
+
+The earliest notice that I have met with of the _pinece_ in an English
+work, is in the second part of the _Secrets of Maister Alexis of Piemont_,
+translated by W. Warde, Lond. 1568. There I find the following
+secrets--worth knowing, too, if effective:
+
+    "_Against stinking vermin called Punesies._--If you rub your bedsteede
+    with squilla stamped with vinaigre, or with the leaves of cedar tree
+    sodden in oil, you shall never feel punese. Also if you set under the
+    bed a payle full of water the puneses will not trouble you at all."
+
+Butler, in the first canto of the third part of _Hudibras_, also mentions
+it thus:
+
+ "And stole his talismanic louse--
+  His flea, his morpion, and punaise."
+
+If the Querist refers to his French dictionary he will soon discover the
+meaning of _morpion_ and _punaise_--the latter without doubt the _pinece_
+of Bishop Bramhall. Cotgrave, in his _French-English Dictionary_, London,
+1650, defines _punaise_ to be "the noysome and stinking vermin called the
+bed punie."
+
+It may be bad taste to dwell any longer on this subject; but as it
+illustrates a curious fact in natural history, and as it has been well
+said, that whatever the Almighty has thought proper to create is not
+beneath the study of mankind, I shall crave a word or two more.
+
+The _pinece_ is not originally a native of this country; and that is the
+reason why, so many years after its first appearance in England, it was
+known only by a corruption of its French name _punaise_, or its German
+appellation _wandlaus_ (wall-louse). Penny, a celebrated physician and
+naturalist in the reign of Henry VII., discovered it at Mortlake in rather
+a curious manner. Mouffet, in his _Theatrum Insectorum_ (Lond. 1634), thus
+relates the story:
+
+    "Anno 1503, dum haec Pennio scriptitaret, Mortlacum Tamesin adjacentem
+    viculum, magna festinatione accersebatur ad duas nobiles, magno metu ex
+    cimicum vestigiis percussas, et quid nescio contagionis valde veritas.
+    Tandem recognita, ac bestiolis captis, risu timorem omnem excussat."
+
+Mouffet also tells us that in his time the insect was little known in
+England, though very common on the Continent, a circumstance which he
+ascribes to the superior cleanliness of the English:
+
+    "Munditiem frequentemque lectulorum et culcitrarem lotionem, cum Galli,
+    Germani, et Itali minus curant, pariunt magis hane pestem, Angli autem
+    munditei et cultus studiosissimi rarius iis laborant."
+
+Ray, in his _Historia Insectorum_, published in 1710, merely terms it the
+_punice_ or wall-louse; indeed, I am not aware that the modern name of the
+insect appears in print previous to 1730, when one Southal published _A
+Treatise of Buggs_. Southal appears to have been an illiterate person; and
+he erroneously ascribes the introduction of the insect into this country to
+the large quantities of foreign fir used to rebuild London after the Great
+Fire.
+
+The word _bug_, signifying a frightful object or spectre, derived from the
+Celtic and the root of _bogie_, bug-aboo, bug-bear--is well known in our
+earlier literature. Spenser, Shakspeare, Milton, Beaumont and Fletcher,
+Holinshed and many others, use it; and in Matthew's _Bible_, the fifth
+verse of the ninety-first psalm is rendered:
+
+    "Thou shalt not nede to be afraid of any bugs by night."
+
+Thus we see that a real "terror of the night" in course of time, assumed,
+by common consent, the title of the imaginary evil spirit of our ancestors.
+
+One word more. I can see no difficulty in tracing the derivation of the
+word _humbug_, without going to Hamburg, Hume of the Bog, or any such
+distant sources. In Grose's _Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue_, I find the
+word _hum_ signifying deceive. Peter Pindar, too, writes writes:
+
+ "Full many a trope from bayonet and drum
+  He threaten'd but behold! 'twas all a hum."
+
+Now, the rustic who frightens his neighbour with a turnip lanthorn and a
+white sheet, or the spirit-rapping medium, who, for a consideration, treats
+his verdant client with a communication from the unseen world, most
+decidedly humbugs him; that is, hums or deceives him with an imaginary
+spirit, or bug.
+
+W. PINKERTON.
+
+Ham.
+
+I take it that the editor of Archbishop Bramhall's _Works_ was judicious in
+not altering the {497} word _pinece_ to _pinnace_, as an object very
+different from the latter was meant; _i. e._ a _cimex_, who certainly
+_revenges_ any attack upon his person with a _stink_. _Pinece_ is only a
+mistaken orthography of _punese_, the old English name of the obnoxious
+insect our neighbours still call a _punaise_ (see Cotgrave _in voce_).
+Florio says "Cimici, a kinde of vermine in Italie that breedeth in beds and
+biteth sore, called punies or wall-lice." We have it in fitting company in
+_Hudibras_, III. 1.:
+
+ "And stole his talismanic louse,
+  His flea, his morpion, and punese."
+
+This is only one more instance of the danger of altering the orthography,
+or changing an obsolete word, the meaning of which is not immediately
+obvious. The substitution of _pinnace_ would have been entirely to depart
+from the meaning of the Archbishop.
+
+S. W. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MONUMENTAL BRASSES ABROAD.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 167.)
+
+A recent visit to the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle enables me to add the
+following Notes to the list already published in "N. & Q."
+
+The brasses are five in number, and are all contained in a chapel on the
+north-west side of the dome:
+
+1. Arnoldus de Meroide, 1487, is a mural, rectangular plate (3' . 10" x 2'
+. 4"), on the upper half of which are engraved the Virgin and Child, to
+whom an angel presents a kneeling priest, and St. Bartholomew with knife
+and book.
+
+2. Johannes Pollart, 1534, is also mural and rectangular (5' . 2-1/2" x 2' .
+4"), but is broken into two unequal portions, now placed side by side. The
+upper half of the larger piece has the following engraving:--In the centre
+stands the Virgin, wearing an arched imperial crown. Angels swing censers
+above her head. St. John Baptist, on her right hand, presents a kneeling
+priest in surplice and alb; and St. Christopher bears "the mysterious
+Child" on her left. The lower half contains part of the long inscription
+which is completed on the smaller detached piece.
+
+3. Johannes et Lambertus Munten, 1546. This is likewise mural and
+rectangular (2' . 11-1/2" x 2' . 1"). It is _painted_ a deep blue colour, and
+has an inscription in gilt letters, at the foot of which is depicted an
+emaciated figure, wrapped in a shroud and lying upon an altar-tomb: large
+worms creep round the head and feet.
+
+4. Johannes Paiel, 1560. Mural, rectangular (3' . 4" x 2' . 4-1/4"). This is
+_painted_ as the last-mentioned plate, and represents the Virgin and Child
+in a flaming aureole. Her feet rest in a crescent, around which is twisted
+a serpent; on her right hand stand St. John Baptist and the Holy Lamb, each
+bearing a cross; and to her left is St. Mary Magdalene, who presents a
+kneeling priest.
+
+5. Henricus de .... This is on the floor in front of the altar-rails, and
+consists of a rectangular plate (2' . 9" x 2' . 1"), on which is
+represented an angel wearing a surplice and a stole semee of crosses
+fitchee, and supporting a shield bearing three fleurs-de-lis, with as many
+crosses fitchee. A partially-effaced inscription runs round the plate,
+within a floriated margin, and with evangelistic symbols at the corners.
+
+In the centre of the choir of Cologne Cathedral lies a _modern_ rectangular
+brass plate (8' . 10" x 3' . 11") to the memory of a late archbishop,
+Ferdinandus Augustus, 1835.
+
+Beneath a single canopy is a full-length picture of the archbishop in
+eucharistic vestments (the stole unusually short), a pall over his
+shoulders, and an elaborate pastoral staff in his hand.
+
+JOSIAH CATO.
+
+Kennington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MILTON'S "LYCIDAS."
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 246.; Vol. vi., p. 143.)
+
+Your correspondent JARLTZBERG, at the first reference, asks for the sense
+of the passage,--
+
+ "Besides what the grim wolf with privy paw
+  Daily devours apace, and nothing sed:
+  But that two-handed engine at the door
+  Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more."
+
+My own view of this passage strongly testifies against the interpretation
+of another passage at the second reference.
+
+The _two-handed engine_, I am positive, is St. Michael's sword. Farther on
+in the poem the bard addresses the angel St. Michael (according to Warton),
+who is conceived as guarding the Mount from enemies with a drawn sword, for
+in this form I apprehend does tradition state the vision to have been seen;
+and he bids him to desist from looking out for enemies towards the coast of
+Spain, and to "look homeward," at one of his own shepherds who is being
+washed ashore, in all probability upon this very promontory. Milton
+elsewhere (_Par. Lost_, book vi. 251.) speaks of the "huge two-handed sway"
+of this sword of St. Michael; and here, in _Lycidas_ he repeats the epithet
+to identify the instrument which is to accomplish the destruction of the
+wolf. St. Michael's sword is to smite off the head of Satan, who at the
+door of Christ's fold is, "with privy paw," daily devouring the hungry
+sheep. Note here that, according to some theologians, the archangel
+Michael, in prophecy, means Christ himself. (See the authorities quoted by
+Heber, _Bampton Lectures_, iv. note _l_, p. 242.) Hence it is His business
+to preserve _His own_ sheep. In the Apocalypse the final blow of St.
+Michael's (or Christ's) two-edged sword, which {498} is to cleave the
+serpent's head, is made a distinct subject of prophecy. (See Rev. xii.
+7-10.)
+
+While on this subject allow me to ask, Can a dolphin waft? Can a shore
+wash?
+
+C. MANSFIED INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 220. 395.)
+
+In returning thanks to those of your correspondents who replied to my
+Query, I ought, perhaps, to have begged to learn such of our public schools
+that were _without_ libraries, as the best means of obtaining for them
+bequests or gifts that would form a nucleus of a good library. For example,
+a correspondent informs me that the governors of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar
+School, Wimborne, Dorset, are laying by 10l. a year towards the purchase of
+books for that purpose: that having no library at present, there now is a
+favourable opportunity for either a gift or a bequest: but I should in any
+case prefer a selection of works likely to prove readable for young people,
+as history, biography, travels, and the popular works of science.
+
+I can quite imagine that Eton, Winchester, Westminster, Harrow, Shrewsbury,
+and other similar great schools, would have such libraries, but these are
+not half the number of our public foundations; the wealthy schools above
+mentioned, and the rich men's children who go to them, would be in a sad
+plight indeed were they not amply provided for in such matters. But there
+are others whose mission is not less important, perhaps more so; and on
+this head none would be better pleased than I to find I laboured under an
+"erroneous impression," as remarked by ETONENSIS. The English public
+appeared to have an "erroneous impression" that they were better provided
+with books than any other people a short time ago, till it was disproved
+when the agitation respecting parochial libraries was set on foot, the
+facts appearing on the institution of the Marylebone public library.
+
+It has been shown that in France and Germany the public libraries, and the
+volumes in them, far exceed any that we possess; a strange fact, when we
+are better provided with standard authors than any other language in the
+world. I should much wish these brief parallels answered. The city of Lyons
+has a magnificent public library of 100,000 vols., open to all; how many
+has her rival Manchester? Boulogne has a public library of 16,000 vols.;
+how many has Southampton? From the obliging notices of correspondents in
+"N. & Q.," we have had several articles on parochial libraries, and the sum
+of the whole appears to be most miserable; surely some bad system has
+prevailed either in not having proper places for them, or in some other
+fault. In one place the resident clergyman sells them: surely if they were
+combined under some enlarged plan, people desirous of making bequests or
+gifts would do so very willingly when they knew they would be cared for and
+made use of; for it is probably the case that private libraries are more
+numerous here than abroad, and that there are altogether more books in the
+country. I am told by a correspondent that in his time there were no books
+at Christ's Hospital, therefore the bequest made is, I presume, a late one;
+and if such is the case, it will be a favourable opportunity for the
+governors of that school to enlarge the collection and make it available to
+the scholars.
+
+If, therefore, our schools are no better provided than our public
+libraries, the inquiry may be of service; but if they are, it cannot do
+harm to know their condition. It is true I have heard of but one public
+school hitherto that has no library and wants one, but I shall remain
+unsatisfied till other returns make their appearance in "N. & Q." or
+privately, when, if it should appear I have taken a wrong opinion, I shall
+be as please as anybody else to find myself mistaken.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+Bayswater.
+
+In answer to your correspondent MR. WELD TAYLOR'S Query on this subject,
+may I be allowed to say that at Tonbridge School, where I was educated,
+there is a very good general library, consisting of the best classical
+works in our own language, travels, chronicles, histories, and the best
+works of fiction and poetry, and I believe all modern periodicals.
+
+This library is under the care of the head boy for the time being, and he,
+with the other monitors, acts as librarian. Books are given out, I believe,
+daily; the library is maintained by the boys themselves, and few leave the
+school without making some contribution to its funds, or placing some work
+on its shelves.
+
+The head master, the Rev. Dr. Welldon, approves of all books before they
+are added to the library.
+
+There is also what is called the "Sunday Library," consisting of standard
+works of theology and church history, and other works, chiefly presented by
+the head and other masters, to induce a taste for such reading.
+
+I am sorry that MR. WELD TAYLOR should have to complain of the _general_
+ignorance of public schoolboys; but I know I may on behalf of the head boy
+of Tonbridge say, he will be happy to acknowledge any contribution from MR.
+WELD TAYLOR, which he may be disposed to give, towards the removal of this
+charge.
+
+G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH.
+
+Star Hill, Rochester.
+
+{499}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CAWDRAY'S "TREASURIE OF SIMILIES," AND SIMILE OF MAGNETIC NEEDLE.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 386.)
+
+There can be no doubt as to the authorship of the _Store-house of
+Similies_. The work is now before me, and the title-page is as follows:
+
+    "A Treasurie or Store-house of Similies; both Pleasaunt, Delightfull,
+    and Profitable for all Estates of Men in Generall: newly collected into
+    Heades and Common Places. By Robert Cawdray. London: printed by Thomas
+    Creede, 1609."
+
+The only reference to his Life, which I can find, is in "The Epistle
+Dedicatorie;" and two ancestors of mine, "Sir John Harington, Knight, and
+the Worshipful James Harington, Esquire, his brother," in which, when
+assigning his reasons for the "Dedication," he says:
+
+    "Calling to mind (right worshipfuls) not only the manifold curtesies
+    and benefits, which I found and received, now more than thirty years
+    ago, _when I taught the grammar schoole at Okeham in Rutland_, and
+    sundry times since, of the religious and virtuous lady, Lucie
+    Harington," &c.
+
+The "Dedication" is subscribed "Robert Cawdray." Cawdray was also the
+author of a work _On the Profit and Necessity of Catechising_, London,
+1592, 8vo.
+
+E. C. HARINGTON.
+
+The Close, Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Epistle Dedicatorie," as well as the title-page, appears to be wanting
+in J. H. S.'s copy of Robert Cawdray's _Store-house_, which was "printed by
+Thomas Creede, London, 1609." From this we find that it was dedicated to
+"his singular benefactors, Sir John Harington, Knight, as also to the
+Worshipfull James Harington, Esquire, his brother," whose "great kindness
+and favourable good will (during my long trouble, and since)" the author
+afterwards "calls to mind," and also the "manifold curtesies and benefites
+which I found and received, now more than thirtie years agoe (when I taught
+the Grammar School at Okeham in Rutland, and sundrie times since) of the
+religious and vertuous lady, _Lucie Harington_ your Worship's Mother, and
+my especial friend in the Lord." Would this be the "lady, a prudent woman,"
+who "had the princess Elizabeth committed to her government" (vide Fuller's
+_Worthies_, Rutlandshire)?
+
+J. H. S.'s Query recalls two examples of the "magnetic needle simile" (Vol.
+vi. and vii. _passim_), which Cawdray has garnered in his _Store-house_,
+and which fact would probably account for their appearance in many sermons
+of the period, as the book being expressly intended to "lay open, rip up,
+and display in their kindes," "verie manie most horrible and foule vices
+and dangerous sinnes of all sorts;" and the "verie fitte similitudes" being
+for the most part "borrowed from manie kindes and sundrie naturall things,
+both in the Olde and New Testament," and being as the writer says "for
+preachers profitable," would find a place on many a clerical shelf; and its
+contents be freely used to "learnedly beautifie their matter, and brauely
+garnish and decke out" their discourses. I fear that I have already
+encroached too much on your valuable space, but send copies for use at
+discretion. In the first, the "Sayler's Gnomon" is used as an emblem of the
+constancy which ought to animate every "Christian man;" and in the second,
+of steadfastness amidst the temptations of the world. I shall be glad to
+know more of Cawdray than the trifles I have gathered from his book:
+
+    "Euen as the Sayler's Gnomon, or rule, which is commonly called the
+    mariner's needle, doth alwayes looke towards the north poole, and will
+    euer turne towards the same, howsoeuer it bee placed: which is
+    maruellous in that instrument and needle, whereby the mariners doo
+    knowe the course of the windes: Euen so euerie Christian man ought to
+    direct the eyes of his minde, and the wayes of his heart, to Christ;
+    who is our north poole, and that fixed and constant north starre,
+    whereby we ought all to bee governed: for hee is our hope and our
+    trust; hee is our strength, whereupon wee must still relie."
+
+    "Like as the Gnomon dooth euer beholde the north starre, whether it be
+    closed and shutte uppe in a coffer of golde, siluer, or woode, neuer
+    loosing his nature: So a faithfull Christian man, whether hee abound in
+    wealth, or bee pinched with pouertie, whether hee bee of high or lowe
+    degree in this worlde, ought continually to haue his faith and hope
+    surely built and grounded uppon Christ: and to haue his heart and minde
+    fast fixed and settled in him, and to follow him through thicke and
+    thinne, through fire and water, through warres and peace, through
+    hunger and colde, through friendes and foes, through a thousand
+    perilles and daungers, through the surges and waues of enuie, malice,
+    hatred, euill speeches, rayling sentences, contempt of the worlde,
+    flesh, and diuell: and, euen in death itselfe, bee it neuer so bitter,
+    cruell, and tyrannicall; yet neuer to loose the sight and viewe of
+    Christ, neuer to giue ouer our faith, hope, and trust in him."
+
+SIGMA.
+
+Stockton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Robert Cawdray, the author of _A Treasurie or Store-house of Similes_, was
+a Nonconformist divine of learning and piety. Having entered into the
+sacred function about 1566, he was presented by Secretary Cecil to the
+rectory of South Luffenham in Rutlandshire. After he had been employed in
+the ministry about twenty years, he was cited before Bishop Aylmer and
+other high commissioners, and charged with having omitted parts of the Book
+of Common Prayer in public worship, {500} and with having preached against
+certain things contained in the book. Having refused, according to Strype,
+to take the oath to answer all such articles as the commissioners should
+propose, he was deprived of his ministerial office. Mr. Brook, however, in
+his _Lives of the Puritans_, states that though he might at first have
+refused the oath, yet that he afterwards complied, and gave answers to the
+various articles which he proceeds to detail at length. He was cited again
+on two subsequent occasions; and, on his third appearance, being required
+to subscribe, and to wear the surplice, he refused, and was imprisoned, and
+ultimately deprived. He applied to Lord Burleigh to intercede on his
+behalf, and his lordship warmly espoused his cause, and engaged Attorney
+Morrice to undertake his defence, but his arguments proved ineffectual. Mr.
+Cawdray, refusing to submit, was brought before Archbishop Whitgift, and
+other high commissioners, May 14, 1590, and was degraded and deposed from
+the ministry and made a mere layman. The above account is abridged from
+Brook's _Lives of the Puritans_, London, 1813, pp. 430-43.
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+P. S. Besides the _Treasurie of Similies_, I find the following work under
+his name in the Bodleian Catalogue:
+
+    "A Table Alphabeticall; conteyning and teaching the True Writing and
+    Vnderstanding of hard vsuall English Wordes, borrowed from the Hebrew,
+    Greeke, Latine, or French, &c. London. 8vo. 1604."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The title of this work is--
+
+    "A Treasurie or Store-house of Similies; both Pleasant, Delightfull,
+    and Profitable for all Estates of Men in Generall: newly collected into
+    Heades and Common Places. By Robert Cawdray. Thomas Creed, London,
+    1609, 4to."
+
+Cawdray was rector of South Luffenham, in Rutland; and was deprived by
+Bishop Aylmer for nonconformity in 1587. He appealed to the Court of
+Exchequer, and his case was argued before all the judges in 1591. A report
+of the trial is in Coke's _Reports_, inscribed "De Jure Regis
+Ecclesiastico." There is a Life of Cawdray in Brook's _Lives of the
+Puritans_ (vol. i. pp. 430-443.), which contains an interesting account of
+his examination before the High Commission, extracted from a MS. register.
+Notices of him will also be found in Neal's _Puritans_, 1837 (vol. i. pp.
+330. 341.); and Heylin's _History of the Presbyterians_, 1672 (fol. p.
+317.).
+
+JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"MARY, WEEP NO MORE FOR ME."
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 385.)
+
+For the following information respecting the author, and the original, I am
+indebted to the _Lady's Magazine_ of 1820, from which I copied it several
+years ago.
+
+Mr. Joseph Lowe, born at Kenmore in Galloway, 1750, the son of a gardener,
+at fourteen apprenticed to a weaver, by persevering diligence in the
+pursuit of knowledge, was enabled in 1771 to enter himself a student in
+Divinity in the University of Edinburgh. On his return from college he
+became tutor in the family of a gentleman, Mr. McGhie of Airds, who had
+several beautiful daughters, to one of whom he was attached, though it
+never was their fate to be united. Another of the sisters, Mary, was
+engaged to a surgeon, Mr. Alexander Miller. This young gentleman was
+unfortunately lost at sea, an event immortalised by _Mary's Dream_. The
+author was unhappy in his marriage with a lady of Virginia, whither he had
+emigrated, and died in 1798. This poem was originally composed in the
+Scottish dialect, and afterwards received the polished English form from
+the hand of its author.
+
+         "MARY'S DREAM.
+
+ "The lovely moon had climb'd the hill,
+    Where eagles big aboon the Dee,
+  And, like the looks of a lovely dame,
+    Brought joy to every body's ee:
+  A' but sweet Mary deep in sleep,
+    Her thoughts on Sandy far at sea;
+  A voice drapt saftly on her ear--
+   'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'
+
+ "She lifted up her waukening een,
+    To see from whence the sound might be,
+  And there she saw young Sandy stand,
+    Pale, bending on her his hollow ee.
+ 'O Mary dear, lament nae mair!
+    I'm in death's thraws aneath the sea:
+  Thy weeping makes me sad in bliss,
+    Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!
+
+ "'The wind slept when we left the bay,
+    But soon it waked and raised the main;
+  And God he bore us down the deep--
+    Wha strave wi' him, but strave in vain.
+  He stretch'd his arm and took me up,
+    Tho' laith I was to gang but thee:
+  I look frae heaven aboon the storm,
+    Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!
+
+ "'Take aff thae bride-sheets frae thy bed,
+    Which thou hast faulded down for me,
+  Unrobe thee of thy earthly stole--
+    I'll meet in heaven aboon wi' thee.'
+  Three times the gray cock flapp'd his wing,
+    To mark the morning lift his ee;
+  And thrice the passing spirit said,
+   'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'"
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{501}
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Clouds in Photographs_ (Vol. viii., p. 451.).--Your correspondent on this
+subject may easily produce clouds on paper negatives by drawing in the
+lights on the back with common writing ink. There is usually some tint
+printed with all negatives, therefore the black used will stop it out.
+
+It is at the same time unfair and untrue to the art, because clouds cannot
+be represented in the regular mode of practice. If they appear, as they do
+sometimes by accident, it is well to leave them; but in no art is any trick
+so easily detected as in photography, and it cannot add to any operator's
+credit in expertness to practise them.
+
+W. T.
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--In a late Number of "N. & Q." you published an
+account of albumenizing paper for positives by MR. SHADBOLT. Having
+considerable experience in the manipulation of photographical art, I have
+bestowed great pains in testing the process he recommends; and, I regret to
+say, the results are by no means satisfactory. I well know the delicacy
+which is required in applying the albumen _evenly_ to the surface of the
+paper, and am therefore not surprised to find that each of his
+"longitudinal strokes" remains clearly indicated, thereby entirely
+destroying the effect of the picture.
+
+He also advises that the paper should not be afterwards _ironed_, as it is
+apt to produce flaws and spots on the albumenized surface; and he believes
+that the chemical action of the nitrate of silver alone is sufficient to
+coagulate the albumen, without the application of heat. This I have found
+_in practice_ to be incorrect: for when I have excited albumenized paper,
+to which a sufficient heat has not been applied, I have invariably observed
+that a portion of the albumen becomes detached into the silver solution,
+making it viscid, and favouring its decomposition. Consequently, the sheets
+_last_ excited seldom retain their colour so long as those which are first
+prepared. But even laying aside the question of the coagulation of the
+albumen, the paper, unless it is ironed, remains so "cockled up," that it
+is not only unsightly, but very difficult to use. 100-grain solution of
+nitrate of silver (I presume to the ounce) is also recommended. In a late
+Number, I find DR. DIAMOND uses a 40-grain solution with perfect success;
+and my own experience enables me to verify this formula as being
+sufficiently powerful:--no additional intensity of colour being obtained by
+these strong solutions, it is a mere waste of material. Therefore I think
+your correspondent fails in effecting either economy of material or time.
+
+However painful it may be to me to offer remarks at variance with the
+opinions of your kind and intelligent correspondents, yet I consider it a
+duty that yourself and readers should not be misled, and so interesting and
+elegant an art as photography brought into disrepute by experiments which,
+however well intentioned, plainly indicate a want of experience.
+
+K. N. M.
+
+    [MR. SHADBOLT'S scientific acquirements appeared to us to demand that
+    we should give insertion to his plan of albumenizing paper: although we
+    felt some doubts whether it did not contain the disadvantages which our
+    correspondent now points out. We had met with such complete success in
+    following out the process recommended by DR. DIAMOND in our 205th
+    Number, that we did not think it advisable to make any alteration. For
+    our own experience has shown us the wisdom, in photography as in other
+    matters, of holding fast that which is good.--ED.]
+
+_Stereoscopic Angles._--Notwithstanding the space you have devoted to this
+subject, I find little practical information to the photographer: will you
+therefore allow me to presume to offer you my mode, which, regardless of
+all scientific rules, I find to be perfectly successful in obtaining the
+desired results?
+
+My focussing-glass is ruled with a few perpendicular and horizontal lines
+with a pencil, and I also cross it from corner to corner, which marks the
+centre of the glass. These lines always allow me to place my camera level,
+because the perpendicular lines being parallel with any upright line
+secures it.
+
+Having taken a picture, I note well the spot of some object near the centre
+of the picture: thus, if a window or branch of a tree be upon the spot
+where the lines cross [Cross lines], I remove the camera in a straight line
+about one foot for every ten yards distance from the subject, and bring the
+same object to the same spot: I believe it is not very important if the
+camera is moved more or less. This may be known and practised by many of
+your friends; but I am sure others make a great difficulty in effecting
+those satisfactory results which, as I have shown, may be so easily
+obtained.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+_Photographic Copies of MSS._--I am glad to find from your Notices to
+Correspondents in Vol. viii., p. 456., that the applicability of
+photography to the copying of MSS., or printed leaves, is beginning to
+excite attention. The facility and cheapness of thus applying it (as I have
+been informed by a professional photographer) is so great, that I have no
+doubt but that we shall shortly have it used in our great public libraries;
+so as to supersede the present slow, expensive, and uncertain process of
+copying by hand. And it is in order to help to bring about so desirable a
+state of things, that I send these few lines to your widely-circulated
+journal.
+
+M. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{502}
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Lord Cecil's "Memorials"_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.).--Cecil's "First Memorial"
+is printed in Lord Somers's _Tracts_. It appears that Primate Ussher, and,
+subsequently, Sir James Ware and his son Robert, had the benefit of
+extracts from Lord Burleigh's papers. MR. BRUCE may find the "Examination"
+of the celebrated Faithfull Comine, and "Lord Cecyl's Letters," together
+with other interesting documents, entered among the Clarendon MSS. in _Pars
+altera_ of the second volume of _Catal. Lib. Manuscr. Angl. et Hib._, Oxon.
+1697.
+
+R. G.
+
+_Foreign Medical Education_ (Vol. viii., pp. 341. 398.).--In addition to
+the previous communications on this subject, I beg to refer your
+correspondent MEDICUS to Mr. Wilde's _Austria; its Literary, Scientific,
+and Medical Institutions, with Notes on the State of Science, and a Guide
+to the Hospitals and Sanitary Institutions of Vienna_, Dublin: Curry and
+Co., 1842.
+
+J. D. MCK.
+
+_Encyclopaedias_ (Vol. viii., p. 385.).--Surely there must be many persons
+who sympathise with ENCYCLOPAEDICUS in wishing to have a work _not_
+encumbered and swollen by the heavy and bulky articles to which he refers:
+perhaps there may be as many as would make it worth the while of some
+publisher to furnish one. Of course copyright, and all sorts of rights,
+must be respected but that being done, there would be little else to do
+than to cut out and wheel away the heavy articles from a copy of any
+encyclopaedia, and put the rest into the hands of a printer. The residuum
+(which is what we want) would probably be to a considerable extent the
+same. When necessary additions had been made, the work would still be of
+moderate size and price.
+
+N. B.
+
+_Pepys's Grammar_ (Vol. viii., p. 466.).--I am unable to answer MR.
+KEIGHTLEY'S Query, not having the slightest knowledge of short-hand; but I
+always understood that the original spelling of every word in the _Diary_
+was carefully preserved by the gentleman who decyphered it.
+
+No estimate, however, of Pepys's powers of writing can be formed from the
+hasty entries recorded in his short-hand journal, and, as I conceive, they
+derive additional interest from the quaint terms in which they are
+expressed.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+_"Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus Mundi"_ (Vols. ii. and iii. _passim_).--The
+following instances of this thought occur in two writers of the seventeenth
+century:
+
+    "Those times which we term vulgarly they Old World, were indeed the
+    youth or adolescence of it ... if you go to the age of the world in
+    general, and to the true length and longevity of things, we are
+    properly the older cosmopolites. In this respect the cadet may be
+    termed more ancient than his elder brother, because the world was older
+    when he entered into it. Nov. 2, 1647."--Howell's _Letters_, 11th
+    edit.: London, 1754, p.426.
+
+Butler, in his _character_ of "An Antiquary," observes:
+
+    "He values things wrongfully upon their antiquity, forgetting that the
+    most modern are really the most ancient of all things in the world;
+    like those that reckon their pounds before their shillings and pence,
+    of which they are made up."--Thyer's edit., vol.ii. p. 97.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+_Napoleon's Spelling_ (Vol. viii., p. 386).--The fact inquired after by
+HENRY H. BREEN is proved by the following extract from the _Memoires_ of
+Bourrienne, Napoleon's private secretary for many years:
+
+    "Je previens une fois pour toutes que dans les copies que je donnerai
+    des ecrits de Bonaparte, je retablirai l'orthographe, qui est en
+    general _si extraordinairement estropiee_ qu'il serait ridicule de les
+    copier exactement."--_Mem._ i. 73.
+
+C.
+
+_Black as a mourning Colour_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--Mourning habits are
+said first to appear in England in the time of Edward III. Chaucer and
+Froissart are the first who mention them. The former, in _Troylus and
+Creseyde_, says:
+
+ "Creseyde was in widowe's habit _black_."
+
+Again:
+
+ "My clothes everichone
+  Shall _blacke_ ben, in tolequyn, herte swete,
+  That I am as out of this world gone."
+
+Again, in the _Knights Tale_, Palamon appeared at a funeral
+
+ "In clothes _black_ dropped all with tears."
+
+Froissart says, the Earl of Foix clothed himself and household in _black_
+on the death of his son. At the funeral of the Earl of Flanders black gowns
+were worn. On the death of King John of France, the King of Cyprus wore
+black. The very mention of these facts would suggest that black was not
+then universally worn, but being gradually adopted for mourning.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Chanting of Jurors_ (Vol. vi., p. 315.).--No answer has yet been given to
+J. F. F.'s Query on this, yet the expression "to chant" was not an unusual
+one, if we may believe Lord Stratford:
+
+    "They collected a grand jury in each county, and proceeded to claim a
+    ratification of the rights of the crown. The gentlemen on being
+    empanelled informed that the case before them was irresistible, and
+    that no doubts could exist in the minds of reasonable {503} men upon
+    it. His majesty was, in fact, indifferent whether they found for him or
+    no. 'And there I left them,' says Strafford, '_to chant_ together, as
+    they call it, over their evidence.' The counties of Roscommon, Sligo,
+    and Mayo instantly found a title for the king."
+
+This extract is from a very eloquent article on Lord Strafford in the
+_British Critic_, No. LXVI. p. 485.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Aldress_ (Vol. v., p. 582.).--Your correspondent COWGILL gives an instance
+of the use of this obsolete word in an epitaph in St. Stephen's, Norwich,
+and asks where else it may be met with. I have just found it in a
+manuscript diary, under date 1561, and also as used in the same city:
+
+    "A Speech made after Mr. Mayor Mingay's Dinner.
+
+    "Master Mayor of Norwich; an it please your worship you have feasted us
+    like a kinge. God bless the Queen's grace. We have fed plentifully, and
+    now whilom I can speak plain English, I heartily thank you Master
+    Mayor, and so do we all. Answer, boys, answer! Your beere is pleasant
+    and potent, and soon catches us by the caput and stops our manners, and
+    so Huzza for the Queen's Majesty's Grace, and all her bonny brow'd
+    dames of honour! Huzza for Master Mayor and our good dame Mayoress, the
+    Alderman and his faire _Aldress_; there they are, God save them and all
+    this jolly company. To all our friends round country who have a penny
+    in their purse, and an English heart in their bodies, to keep out
+    Spanish Dons and Papists with their faggots to burn our whiskers. Shove
+    it about. Twirl your cup-cases, handle your jugs, and huzza for Master
+    Mayor and his good dame!"
+
+How long is it since the ladies of our civic dignitaries relinquished the
+distinction here given to one of their order? What was the cup-case?
+
+CHARLES REID.
+
+Paternoster Row.
+
+_Huggins and Muggins_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--In the edition of Mallet's
+_Northern Antiquities_, edited by J. A. Blackwell, Esq., and published by
+Bohn (_Antiquarian Library_, 1847), the following conjectural etymology of
+the words Huggins and Muggins is given by the editor in a note on the word
+_Muninn_, in the glossary to the Prose Edda:
+
+    "We cannot refrain for once from noticing the curious coincidence
+    between the names of Odin's ravens, Hugin and Munin--Mind and
+    Memory--and those of two personages who figure so often in our comic
+    literature as Messrs. Huggins and Muggins. _Huggins_, like _Hugh_,
+    appears to have the same root as _Hugin_, viz. _hugr_, mind, spirit;
+    and as Mr. Muggins is as invariably associated with Mr. Huggins, as one
+    of Odin's ravens was with the other (as mind is with memory), the name
+    may originally have been written _Munnins_, and _nn_ changed into _gg_
+    for the sake of euphony. Should this _conjecture_, for it is nothing
+    else, be well founded, one of the most poetical ideas in the whole
+    range of mythology would, in this plodding, practical, spilling-jenny
+    age of ours, have thus undergone a most singular metamorphosis."
+
+JNO. N. RADCLIFFE.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_Camera Lucida_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--With my camera lucida I received a
+printed sheet of instructions, from which the following extract is made, in
+answer to CARET:
+
+    "Those who cannot sketch comfortably, without perfect distinctness of
+    both the pencil and object, must observe, that the _stem_ should be
+    drawn out to the mark D, for all distant objects, and to the numbers 2,
+    3, 4, 5, &c. for objects that are at the distances of only 2, 3, 4, or
+    5 feet respectively, the stem being duly inclined according to a mark
+    placed at the bottom; but, after a little practice, such exactness is
+    wholly unnecessary. The farther the prism is removed from the paper,
+    that is, the longer the stem is drawn out, the larger the objects will
+    be represented in the drawing, and accordingly the less extensive the
+    view.
+
+    "The nearer the prism is to the paper, the smaller will be the objects,
+    and the more extensive the view comprised on the same piece of paper.
+
+    "If the drawing be two feet from the prism, and the paper only one
+    foot, the copy will be half the size of the original. If the drawing be
+    at one foot, and the paper three feet distant, the copy will be three
+    times as large as the original: and so for all other distances."
+
+T. B. JOHNSTON.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+_"When Orpheus went down"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).--This seems to be
+rightly attributed to Dr. Lisle. See Dodsley's _Collection of Poems_, vol.
+vi. p. 166. (1758), where it is stated to have been imitated from the
+Spanish, and set to music by Dr. Hayes. It is not quite correctly given in
+"N. & Q."
+
+J. KELWAY.
+
+_The Arms of De Sissone_ (Vol. viii., p. 243.).--I beg to refer J. L. S. to
+_Histoire Genealogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France,
+&c._, tom. viii. p. 537., Paris, 1733; and also to _Livre d'Or de la
+Noblesse_, p. 429., Paris, 1847.
+
+CLERICUS (D).
+
+_Oaths of Pregnant Women_ (Vol. v., p. 393.).--Women of the humbler classes
+in the British Islands appear to have an objection, when pregnant, to take
+an oath. I have not observed any attempt to explain or account for this
+prejudice. The same objection exists among the Burmese. Indeed, pregnant
+women there are, by long-observed custom, absolved from taking an oath, and
+affirm to their depositions, "remembering their pregnant condition." The
+reason of this is as follows. The system of Budhism, as it prevails in the
+Indo-Chinese countries, consists essentially in the negation of a Divine
+Providence. The oath of Budhists is an imprecation of evil on the swearer,
+{504} addressed to the innate rewarding powers of nature, animate and
+inanimate, if the truth be not spoken. This evil may be instantaneous, as
+sudden death from a fit, or from a flash of lightning; the first food taken
+may choke the false swearer; or on his way home, a tiger by land, or an
+alligator by water, may seize and devour him. I have known an instance of
+this occur, which was spoken of by hundreds as a testimony to the truth of
+the system. Now it is supposed by Budhists that even an unconscious
+departure from truth may rouse jealous nature to award punishment. In the
+case of pregnant women this would involve the unborn offspring in the
+calamity. Hence women in that condition do not take an oath in Burmah.
+
+PH.
+
+Rangoon.
+
+_Lepel's Regiment_ (Vol. vii., p. 501.).--J. K. may rest assured that no
+trace can now be discovered of a regiment thus named, which existed in the
+year 1707. I have searched the lists of cavalry and infantry regiments at
+the battle of Almanza, fought April 25th of that year, and do not find this
+regiment mentioned. May I substitute for "Lepel's" regiment, "Pepper's"
+regiment? The colonelcy of that corps, now the 8th Royal Irish Hussars,
+became vacant by the fall of Brigadier-General Robert Killigrew at Almanza,
+and it was immediately conferred on the lieutenant-colonel of the corps,
+John Pepper, who held it until March 23, 1719.
+
+G. L. S.
+
+_Editions of the Prayer Book prior to 1662_ (Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564; Vol.
+vii. _passim_).--I have recently met with the following editions, which
+have not, I think, been yet recorded in your pages:
+
+  1630. folio, London.
+  1639. 4to. Barker and Bill.
+  1661. 8vo. London, Duporti, Latin.
+
+The first and third are in Mr. Darling's _Encyc. Bibl._, see columns 366,
+367; the second I saw at Mr. Straker's, Adelaide Street, Strand.
+
+Will some of your readers kindly tell me in what edition of the Prayer Book
+the "Prayers at the Healing" are last met with? I have them in a Latin
+Prayer Book, 12mo. London, 1727.[7]
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+[Footnote 7: It appears from a note in Pepys's _Diary_, June 23, 1660, that
+the library of the Duke of Sussex contained four several editions of the
+Book of Common Prayer, all printed after the accession of the House of
+Hanover, and all containing, as an integral part of the service, "The
+Office for the Healing."--ED.]
+
+_Creole_ (Vol. vii., p. 381. Vol. viii., p. 138.).--I have never met with
+any satisfactory explanation of the origin of this word; its meaning has
+undergone various modifications. At first it was limited in its application
+to the descendants of Europeans born in the colonies. By degrees it came to
+be extended to all classes of the population of colonial descent and now it
+is indiscriminately employed to express things as well as persons, of local
+origin or growth. We say a _creole_ Negro, as contra-distinguished from a
+negro born in Africa or elsewhere; a _creole_ horse, as
+contra-distinguished from an English or an American horse; and we speak
+"Creole" when we address the uneducated classes in their native jargon.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Daughter pronounced "Dafter"_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--This pronunciation
+is universal in North Cornwall and North-west Devonshire.
+
+J. R. P.
+
+_Richard Geering_ (Vol. viii., p. 340.).--If Y. S. M. will favour me with
+the parentage of "Richard Geering, one of the six clerks in chancery in
+Ireland," I shall be better able to judge whether he was of the family of
+Geering, Gearing, or Geary, of South Denchworth in the co. of Berks, of
+which family I have a pedigree. I can also supply their coat of arms and
+crest. Any information of the Geerings, ancestors of the said Richard, the
+chancery clerk, will be acceptable to your occasional correspondent
+
+H. C. C.
+
+If this Richard Geering is related to the Geerings of South Denchworth, in
+Berkshire, I refer Y. S. M. to Clare's _Hundred of Wanting_, Parker,
+Oxford, 1824.
+
+The Geerings bought the manor of Viscount Cullen. It was formerly in the
+possession of the Hydes: several of the Geering monuments are in the
+church. Their arms, Or, on two bars gules six mascles of the field, on a
+canton sable a leopard's face of the first. The Geerings were long tenants
+of a part of the estate which they purchased; they are extinct in the male
+line. A grandson, John Bockett, Esq. (by the female line), of the last
+heir, possessed a small farm in the parish which was sold by him some years
+ago. The manor now belongs to Worcester College, Oxford, who purchased it
+of Gregory Geering, gent., in 1758. The name is spelt Gearing and Geary in
+the early registers.
+
+The books in the small study (mentioned in "N. & Q." some time ago) were
+given by Gregory Geering, Esq., Mr. Ralph Kedden, vicar of Denchworth, and
+Mr. Edward Brewster, stationer, of London, most of which are attached by
+long chains to the cases.
+
+JULIA R. BOCKETT.
+
+Southcote Lodge.
+
+_Island_ (Vol. viii., p. 279.).--H. C. K. is quite right in saying that the
+_s_ has been inserted in this word: not, however, as he thinks, "to
+assimilate {505} the Saxon and French terms," but from a fancied French or
+Latin derivation, just as _rime_ is spelt _rhyme_, because it was fancied
+that it came from [Greek: rhuthmos]; and as critics and editors will print
+_coelum_ instead of _caelum_, contrary to all authority, because they have
+taken it into their heads that it comes from [Greek: koilon]. We have also
+_spright_, _impregnable_, and other misspelt words, for which it is
+difficult to assign a reason. But I think H. C. K. is altogether mistaken
+in connecting the A.-S. _ig_ (pr. _ee_), an island, with _eye_. It is
+evidently one of the original underived nouns of the Teutonic family, being
+_ig_ A.-S., _ey_ Icel., whence _oe_ Swed., _oe_ or _oee_ Dan., and which also
+appears in the German and Dutch _eiland_; while in the words for _eye_ the
+_g_ is radical, as _eage_ A.-S., _auga_ Icel., _auge_ Germ., _oog_ Dutch.
+
+T. K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+WHITTINGHAM'S POETS. Illustrated Edition.
+
+FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. 1st Edition.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+BOYDELL'S SHAKSPEARE, with the Subscriber's Medal accompanying it.
+
+CARPENTER'S GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. 8vo.
+
+BARETTI'S ENGLISH AND ITALIAN DICTIONARY. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ASTRO-METEOROLOGICA: OR APHORISMS AND DISCOURSES OF THE BODIES CELESTIAL,
+by the Rev. John Goad. London. Folio. 1686.
+
+ASTRO-METEOROLOGICA SANA. By the same Author. London. 1690.
+
+LEYDEN'S POETICAL WORKS. 1 Vol. 8vo. London. 1806.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. W. Ewart_, Pimperne, Blandford, Dorset.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WELLINGTON DISPATCHES. 13 Vols. Vols. II., III., and Index. (The full price
+will be given.)
+
+SOUTHEY'S DOCTOR. Vols. III. and IV.
+
+PATRICK'S MENSA MYSTICA.
+
+STRICKLAND'S QUEENS OF ENGLAND. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., and
+X.
+
+  Wanted by _A. Holden_, Bookseller, Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We are this Week unavoidably compelled to omit our usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS
+_and_ NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Fourth Edition of RUINS OF MANY LANDS.
+
+NOTICE.--A Fourth and Cheaper Edition, Revised and considerably Enlarged,
+of MR. MICHELL'S "RUINS OF MANY LANDS," with Portrait, cloth, price 4s. 6d.
+
+This Edition contains Remarks on Layard's latest Discoveries at Nineveh,
+and treats of nearly all the Ruins of Interest now in the world.
+
+  London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
+  85. Queen Street Cheapside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO OLD BOOK AND MUSIC COLLECTORS.
+
+A CATALOGUE OF RARE, CURIOUS, AND VALUABLE SECOND-HAND BOOKS, and a List of
+Music, GRATIS and POST FREE on Application to
+
+  W. BROUGH, 22. Paradise Street,
+  Birmingham.
+
+Books of every Description purchased.
+
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+
+
+ORMEROD'S HISTORY OF CHESHIRE (wanting Parts II. & X.), Eight parts folio,
+Plates (Nine wanting), sewed, 2l. 2s.
+
+  W. BROUGH, 22. Paradise Street,
+  Birmingham.
+
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+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;
+also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new
+warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture
+Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment
+complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+  HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers,
+  196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH
+PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual
+Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of
+Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions.
+
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+
+*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to
+the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed
+as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.
+
+  GEORGE GRANT, Resident Sec.
+  London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.
+
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+
+
+LEEDS LIBRARY.
+
+LIBRARIAN.--Wanted, a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent to
+undertake the duties of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution
+consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is
+employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10 A.M. to 8 P.M.
+daily, with an interval of two hours. Salary 120l. a year. Applications,
+with Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not
+later than 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9. Park
+Row, Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOK VARNISH (ROWBOTHAM'S).--This truly wonderful Varnish for restoring Old
+Bindings, and giving them a freshness equal to new, is applied with a piece
+of sponge, and dries instantly. (See "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 335.) May be
+had of J. ROWBOTHAM, India-Rubber Bookbinder, 70. Castle Street, two doors
+east of Berners Street, Oxford Street, in Bottles 1s. each, or by Order of
+any Bookseller or Druggist. A List of Prices for India-rubber Bookbinding
+may be had on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Price 2s. 6d., cloth lettered,
+
+SANITARY ECONOMY: its Principles and Practice; and its Moral Influence on
+the Progress of Civilisation.
+
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Court Passage, Fleet Street, London, and 339.
+High Street, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPECTACLES.--Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for the
+Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the
+only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required,
+and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VIEWS IN LONDON.
+
+STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES.
+
+BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT
+MAKERS, invite attentions to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and
+in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of
+STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, and
+TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris,
+the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth
+in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{506}
+
+Early in December, in small 4to., Elegantly Printed on Toned Paper, and
+appropriately bound, price 30s.,
+
+AN ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF TUPPER'S PROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY.
+
+The Designs by C. W. Cope, R.A., J. C. Horsley, R.A., John Tenniel, Edwin
+H. Corbould, G. Dodgson, Edward Duncan, Birket Foster, John Gilbert, J.
+Godwin, William Harvey, W. L. Leitch, F. R. Pickersgill, and Joseph Severn.
+The Ornamental Initials and Vignettes by Henry Noel Humphreys.
+
+  London: THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ILLUSTRATED PRESENT BOOKS.
+
+Just published,
+
+GRAY'S ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD. Illustrated on every Page
+with Engravings on Wood from Drawings by BIRKET FOSTER, GEORGE THOMAS, and
+a LADY. Crown 8vo. handsomely bound in blue cloth, or in enamelled boards,
+price 7s. 6d.
+
+*** A few Copies will be bound in extra morocco by Mr. Hayday.
+
+Just ready,
+
+THE WANDERINGS OF PERSILES AND SIGISMUNDA: A Northern Story. BY MIGUEL DE
+CERVANTES SAAVEDRA. Translated from the Spanish by a LADY. Illustrated with
+a Portrait of CERVANTES. Fcap. 8vo., old style, price 10s. 6d.
+
+    "This romance was the last work of Cervantes. The dedication to the
+    Count de Lemos was written the day after he had received extreme
+    unction."--_Extract from Preface._
+
+Just published, price 10s. 6d.,
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM.
+
+Part V. Containing Four Pictures:
+
+  PORTSKEWIT. By Roger Fenton.
+  THE FISHERMAN'S DAUGHTER. By Joseph Cundall.
+  SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. By Russell Sedgfield.
+  BANKS OF THE COQUET. By Philip DelaMotte.
+
+Parts I. II. III. and IV. are now reprinted.
+
+Now ready,
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. Twenty Views of the most Important
+Buildings, taken by JAMES ROBERTSON, Esq. Imperial folio, half-bound
+morocco, price 6l. 16s. 6d.
+
+Just published, price 16s.,
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES. Part II. By GEORGE SHAW, ESQ., of Queen's College,
+Birmingham.
+
+  THE FOREST AT NOON.
+  TANGLED BOUGHS.
+  "BALD WITH DRY ANTIQUITY."
+  SOLITUDE.
+
+Part I. is now reprinted. Part III. is in preparation.
+
+Just published, fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 4s. 6d.,
+
+THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY: A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By PHILIP
+H. DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Picture taken by the Collodion
+Process.
+
+*** This Manual contains much practical information.
+
+Now ready, price 14s.,
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES. By HUGH OWEN, ESQ., of Bristol.
+
+  IVY BRIDGE, DEVON.
+  THE HARVEST FIELD.
+  A RIVER BANK.
+  WOODS IN SPRING.
+
+Part II. is just ready.
+
+  JOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+  Sold also by SAMPSON LOW & SON, 47. Ludgate Hill.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally
+acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal
+scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no
+preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where
+a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in
+separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, and Exported
+to any Climate. Full instructions for use.
+
+CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD
+W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of
+purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label
+bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL
+MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of
+all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through
+MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95.
+Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
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+"THE EMPIRE,"
+
+LONDON NEWSPAPER,
+
+One of the Largest in Europe, is published every Saturday, by J. LIVESEY,
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+
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+
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+Provincial readers will find in "The Empire" a constant discussion of
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+news from their respective localities.
+
+Literary Articles and Critical Notices of Scientific Improvements, and of
+Public Works at home and abroad, are supplied to "The Empire" by the ablest
+writers and highest authorities of the day.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
+As an appropriate accompaniment to a Paper which circulates in all parts of
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+
+EQUESTRIAN PORTRAIT OF HER MAJESTY,
+
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+
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+
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+present month, November.
+
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+26s.
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+
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+country.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+  168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Causon Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{507}
+
+Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society.
+
+52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
+
+_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._
+
+THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided
+amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum
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+
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+Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.
+
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+
+At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
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+
+POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid.
+
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+
+The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by
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+the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be
+obtained.
+
+  CHARLES JOHN GILL. Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
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+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages
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+No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable.
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+Loans granted to Policy-holders.
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+For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as
+20l., at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.
+
+Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to
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+  HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
+this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with
+perfect Security.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+  PETER MORRISON.
+  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of
+
+PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+WRITING-DESKS. DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites. Gratis on
+application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+  1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
+  HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION No. 1. Class X., in
+Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may
+now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver 40 guineas. Every watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+  65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
+liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia
+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+    "Bonn, July 19. 1852.
+
+    "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,
+    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of
+    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys
+    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp
+    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{508}
+
+BOHN'S EXTRA VOLUMES.
+
+GRAMMONT'S MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF CHARLES II.
+
+To which is added the
+
+PERSONAL HISTORY OF CHARLES, AND THE BOSCOBEL TRACTS;
+
+With Fine Portrait of NELL GWYNNE.
+
+Post 8vo. cloth. Price 3s. 6d.
+
+COUNT HAMILTON'S FAIRY TALES;
+
+With Portrait.
+
+Post 8vo., cloth. Price 3s. 6d.
+
+RABELAIS' WORKS:
+
+THE BEST TRANSLATIONS.
+
+With Additional Notes by the Celebrated JOHN WILKES.
+
+Complete in 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth.
+
+Price 3s. 6d.
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN,
+  YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW VOLUME OF MR. ARNOLD'S TACITUS.
+
+Now Ready, in 12mo., price 5s.
+
+CORNELIUS TACITUS, Part II. (Books XI.--XVI. of the ANNALES.) With ENGLISH
+NOTES, translated from the German of DR. KARL NIPPERDEY (with Additions),
+by the REV. HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon of Chichester. (Forming a new Volume
+of Arnold's "Classics.")
+
+  RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place:
+
+Of whom may be had, with ENGLISH NOTES, by the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD,
+
+1. TACITUS, Part I. (ANNALES, Books I.-VI.) 6s.
+
+2. THUCYDIDES, Book I. 5s. 6d. (The SECOND BOOK in the Press.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just Published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same author, price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand, Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham: H.
+C. LANGBRIDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET,_November, 1853_.
+
+MR. MURRAY'S FORTHCOMING WORKS.
+
+I.
+
+DR. WAAGEN'S TREASURES OF ART IN GREAT BRITAIN; being an Account of the
+Chief Collections of Paintings, Sculptures, MSS., Miniatures, &c., in this
+Country. 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+II.
+
+HANDBOOK OF ARCHITECTURE. By JAMES FERGUSSON. Being a Concise and Popular
+Account of the different Styles prevailing in all Ages and Countries of the
+World. With a Description of the most Remarkable Buildings. With 1000
+Illustrations. 8vo.
+
+III.
+
+KUGLER'S HISTORY OF PAINTING. (The Dutch, Flemish, French and Spanish
+Schools.) Edited by SIR EDMUND HEAD. Illustrated Edition. 2 vols. Post 8vo.
+
+IV.
+
+OLIVER GOLDSMITH'S WORKS: a New Library Edition, now first printed from the
+last editions which passed under the Author's own eye. Edited by PETER
+CUNNINGHAM. 4 vols. 8vo.
+
+V.
+
+LIFE OF HORACE. By DEAN MILMAN. A New Edition, with Woodcuts and Coloured
+Borders. 8vo.
+
+VI.
+
+DEAN MILMAN'S HISTORY OF LATIN CHRISTIANITY, including that of the Popes to
+the Pontificate of Nicholas V. 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+VII.
+
+MR. MANSFIELD PARKYNS' LIFE IN ABYSSINIA: during a Three Years' Residence
+in that Country. With Illustrations. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+VIII.
+
+SIX MONTHS IN ITALY. By GEORGE S. HILLARD. Post 8vo.
+
+IX.
+
+DR. J. D. HOOKER'S HIMALAYAN JOURNALS: or, NOTES OF AN ORIENTAL NATURALIST
+IN BENGAL. THE SIKHIM AND NEPAL HIMALAYAS, THE KHASIA MOUNTAINS, &c. With
+Illustrations. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+X.
+
+THE LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S SPEECHES IN PARLIAMENT. Collected and
+Arranged with his Sanction. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+XI.
+
+SIR RODERICK MURCHISON'S SILURIA: or, a VIEW of the SILURIAN and other
+PRIMAEVAL ROCKS, and their IMBEDDED REMAINS. With Plates. 8vo.
+
+XII.
+
+SIR GARDNER WILKINSON'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. With 500
+Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo.
+
+XIII.
+
+REV. J. C. ROBERTSON'S HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH to the Pontificate
+of Gregory the Great, A.D. 590: a Manual for general Readers as well as for
+Students in Theology. 8vo.
+
+XIV.
+
+COL. FANCOURT'S EARLY HISTORY OF YUCATAN, from the Discovery to the Close
+of the Seventeenth Century. With Map. 8vo.
+
+XV.
+
+DR. WM. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Chapters on the Literature,
+Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. With Woodcuts. Post 8vo.
+
+XVI.
+
+ESSAYS ON AGRICULTURE. By the late THOMAS GISBORNE. Post 8vo.
+
+XVII.
+
+THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES COMPARED WITH OUR OWN. By H. S.
+TREMENHEERE. Post 8vo.
+
+XVIII.
+
+SUNLIGHT THROUGH THE MIST: or PRACTICAL LESSONS drawn from the LIVES OF
+GOOD MEN, intended as a Sunday Book for Children. By A LADY. 16mo.
+
+XIX.
+
+HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from English Authors. A New
+Edition, with an Index. Fcp. 8vo.
+
+XX.
+
+ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT. 2 vols. Fcp. 8vo.
+
+XXI.
+
+JESSE'S SCENES AND OCCUPATIONS OF COUNTRY LIFE. Third Edition, uniform with
+"Jesse's Gleanings." Woodcuts. Fcp. 8vo.
+
+XXII.
+
+BEAUTIES OF BYRON--PROSE AND VERSE. Selected by A CLERGYMAN. Fcp. 8vo.
+
+XXIII.
+
+MR. CROKER'S STORIES FOR CHILDREN. Selected from the History of England.
+Cheaper Edition. Woodcuts. 16mo.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of
+St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November
+19, 1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 497, "This is on the floor": 'This in' in original.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 212,
+November 19, 1853, by Various
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