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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 210, November 5,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 210, November 5, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27007]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{429}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 210.]
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                               Page
+  NOTES:--
+    Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Professor
+      De Morgan                                                 429
+    Dr. Parr on Milton                                          433
+    Parts of MSS., by John Macray                               434
+    William Blake                                               435
+
+    FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare--The
+      Seven Whisperers                                          436
+    Italian-English, German-English, and the Refugee Style,
+      by Philarète Chasles                                      436
+    Shakspeare Correspondence, by Thos. Keightley, &c.          437
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Decomposed Cloth--First and Last
+      --Cucumber Time--MS. Sermons of the Eighteenth
+      Century--Boswell's "Johnson"--Stage Coaches--
+      Antecedents--The Letter X--A Crow-bar                     438
+
+  QUERIES:--
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Grehan--Doxology--
+      Arrow-mark--Gabriel Poyntz--Queen Elizabeth's
+      and Queen Anne's Motto, "Semper eadem"--Bees
+      --Nelly O'Brien and Kitty Fisher--"Homo unius
+      libri"--"Now the fierce bear," &c.--Prejudice
+      against Holy Confirmation--Epigram on MacAdam
+      --Jane Scrimshaw--The Word "Quadrille"--The
+      Hungarians in Paules--Ferns Wanted--Craton the
+      Philosopher--The Solar Annual Eclipse in the Year
+      1263--D'Israeli: how spelt?--Richard Oswald--
+      Cromwell's Descendants--Letter of Archbishop
+      Curwen to Archbishop Parker                               440
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Margaret Patten--
+      Etymology of "Coin"--Inscription at Aylesbury--
+      "Guardian Angels, now protect me," &c.--K. C. B.'s
+      --Danish and Swedish Ballads--Etymology of
+      "Conger"--"Si vis me flere, dolendum est primum
+      tibi"                                                     442
+
+  REPLIES:--
+    Medal and Relic of Mary Queen of Scots, by John
+      Evans, &c.                                                444
+    Early Use of Tin.--Derivation of the Name of Britain        445
+    Pictorial Editions of the Book of Common Prayer             446
+    Yew-Trees in Churchyards, by Fras. Crossley, &c.            447
+    Osborn Family                                               448
+    Inscriptions on Bells, by W. Sparrow Simpson and
+      J. L. Sisson                                              448
+    Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge                             448
+    The Myrtle Bee, by C. Brown                                 450
+    Captain John Davis, by Bolton Corney                        450
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Clouds in Photographs
+      --"The Stereoscope considered in relation to
+      the Philosophy of Binocular Vision"--Muller's
+      Processes--Positives on Glass                             451
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Peculiar Ornament in
+      Crosthwaite Church--Nursery Rhymes--Milton's
+      Widow--Watch-paper Inscriptions--Poetical Tavern
+      Signs--Parish Clerks' Company--"Elijah's Mantle"
+      --Histories of Literature--Birthplace of General
+      Monk--Books chained to Desks in Churches, &c.             452
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+    Notes on Books, &c.                                         455
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                456
+    Notices to Correspondents                                   456
+    Advertisements                                              456
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.
+
+Those who have written on the life of Newton have touched with the utmost
+reserve upon the connexion which existed between his half-niece Catherine
+Barton, and his friend Charles Montague, who died Earl of Halifax. They
+seem as if they were afraid that, by going fairly into the matter, they
+should find something they would rather not tell. The consequence is, that
+when a writer at home or abroad, Voltaire or another, hints with a sneer
+that a pretty niece had more to do with Newton's appointment to the Mint
+than the theory of gravitation, those who would like to know as much as can
+be known of the whole truth find nothing in any attainable biography except
+either total silence or a very awkward and hesitating account of half
+something.
+
+On looking again into the matter, the juxtaposition of all the
+circumstances induced in my mind a strong suspicion that Mrs. C. Barton was
+_privately married_ to Lord Halifax, probably before his elevation to the
+peerage, and that the marriage was no very great secret among their
+friends. As yet I can but say that the hypothesis of a private marriage is,
+to me, the most probable of those among which a choice must be made:
+farther information may be obtained by publication of the case in "N. &
+Q.," the most appropriate place of deposit for the provisional result of
+unfinished inquiries.
+
+Charles Montague (born April, 1661, died May 19, 1715) made acquaintance
+with Newton when both were at Trinity College in 1680 and 1681. Newton was
+nineteen years older than Montague, and had been twelve years Lucasian
+professor. At the beginning of their friendship, the Lucasian professor
+must be called the patron of the young undergraduate, who was looking for a
+fellowship with the intention of taking orders, a design which he did not
+find sufficient encouragement to abandon until after he had sat in the
+Convention. By 1690, the rising politician had become the patron of the
+author of the _Principia_, who in that {430} year or the next became an
+aspirant for public employment. The friendship of Newton and Montague
+lasted until the death of the latter, interrupted only by a coolness (on
+Newton's side at least) in 1691, arising out of a suspicion in Newton's
+mind that Montague was not sincere in his intentions towards his friend.
+
+Catherine Barton (born 1680, died 1739) was the daughter of Robert Barton
+and Newton's half-sister, Hannah Smith (Baily's _Flamsteed, Supplement_, p.
+750.). Lieut.-Col. Barton, usually called her husband, was her brother. The
+pedigrees published by Turnor recognise this fact: Swift distinctly states
+it, and Rigaud proves it in various ways in letters to Baily, which lately
+passed through my hands on their way to the Observatory at Greenwich. The
+mistake ought never to have been made, for _Mrs. C. Barton_ (as she was
+usually denominated) must, according to usage, have been reputed single so
+long as her Christian name was introduced.
+
+Mrs. C. Barton married Mr. Conduitt, then or afterwards Newton's assistant,
+and his successor: this marriage probably took place in 1718, the year in
+which Newton introduced Conduitt into the Royal Society. Among the Turnor
+memorials of Newton, now in possession of the Royal Society, is a watch
+leaving the inscription "Mrs. C. Conduitt to Sir Isaac Newton, January,
+1708." This date cannot be correct, for Swift in 1710, Halifax in 1712,
+Flamsteed in 1715, and Monmort in 1716, call her Barton: all but Flamsteed
+were intimate acquaintances. Any one who looks at the inscription will see
+that it is not as old as the watch: it is neither ornamented nor placed in
+a shield or other envelope, while the case is beautifully chased, and has
+an elaborate design, representing Fame and Britannia examining the portrait
+of Newton. Moreover, "Mrs. Conduitt" would never have described herself as
+"Mrs. C. Conduitt."
+
+Montague was not, so far as usual accounts state, what even in our day
+would be called a libertine. He married the Countess of Manchester (the
+widow of a relative) before his entry into public life, and was deeply
+occupied in party politics and fiscal administration. I am told that
+Davenant impugns his morals: this may be the exception which proves the
+rule; some of the lampoons directed against the Whig minister are
+preserved, and these do not attack his private character in the matter
+under allusion, so far as I can learn.
+
+All the cotemporary evidence yet adduced as to the relation between Lord
+Halifax and Catherine Barton, is contained in one sentence in the _Life_ of
+the former, two codicils of his will, and one allusion of Flamsteed's. The
+_Life_, with the will attached, was appended to two different publications
+of the works of Halifax, in 1715 and 1716. The passage from the _Life_ is
+as follows (p. 195.):
+
+    "I am likewise to account for another Omission in the Course of this
+    History, which is that of the Death of the Lord _Halifax's_ Lady; upon
+    whose Decease his Lordship took a Resolution of living single thence
+    forward, and cast his Eye upon the Widow of one Colonel _Barton_, and
+    Neice to the famous Sir _Isaac Newton_, to be Super-intendent of his
+    domestick Affairs. But as this Lady was young, beautiful, and gay, so
+    those that were given to censure, pass'd a Judgment upon her which she
+    no Ways merited, since she was a Woman of strict Honour and Virtue; and
+    tho' she might be agreeable to his Lordship in every Particular, that
+    noble Peer's Complaisance to her, proceeded wholly from the great
+    Esteem he had for her Wit and most exquisite Understanding, as will
+    appear from what relates to her in his Will at the Close of these
+    Memoirs."
+
+This sentence is an insertion (the _first_ omission is as far back as p.
+64.). It speaks of Mrs. C. Barton as if she were dead: and it is worthy of
+note that this lady, who lived to communicate to Fontenelle materials for
+his _éloge_ of Newton, had excellent opportunity, had it pleased her, to
+have contradicted or varied any part of the account given by Halifax's
+biographer; and this without appearing. The actual communication made to
+Fontenelle by her husband, Mr. Conduitt, is in existence, and was printed
+by Mr. Turnor; it contains no allusion to the subject. Farther, it appears
+by the biographer's account that she had passed as a widow, which is not to
+be wondered at: the _Colonel_ Barton who was the son of circumstances, must
+have been created before her brother (who died in 1711) attained such rank,
+perhaps before he entered the army at all.
+
+The will gives very different evidence from that for which it is
+subpoenaed: it is dated April 10, 1706. In the first codicil (dated April
+12, 1706) Lord Halifax leaves Mrs. Barton all his jewels and 3000l. "as a
+small token," he says, "of the great love and affection I have long had for
+her." In a second codicil (dated February 1, 1712) the first codicil is
+revoked, and the bequest is augmented to 5000l., the rangership, lodge, and
+household furniture of Bushey Park, and the manor of Apscourt, for her
+life. These are given, says Lord Halifax, "as a token of the sincere love,
+affection, and esteem, I have long had for her person, and as a small
+recompense for the pleasure and happiness I have had in her conversation."
+In this same codicil "Mrs. Catherine Barton" is described as Newton's
+niece, and 100l. is left to Newton "as a mark of the great honour and
+esteem I have for so great a man." The concluding sentence of the codicil
+is as follows:
+
+    "And I strictly charge and command my executor to give all aid, help,
+    and assistance to her in possessing and enjoying what I have hereby
+    given her; and also {431} in doing any act or acts necessary to
+    transfer her an annuity of two hundred pounds _per annum_, purchased in
+    Sir Isaac Newton's name, which I hold for her in trust, as appears by a
+    declaration of trust in that behalf."
+
+This codicil immediately became the subject of remark, and the terms of it
+seem to have been understood as they would be now. Flamsteed, writing in
+July, 1715 (Halifax died in May), says:
+
+    "If common fame be true, he died worth 150,000l.; out of which he gave
+    Mrs. Barton, Sir I. Newton's niece, for her _excellent conversation_
+    [the Italics are Baily's, the original, I suppose, underlined], a
+    curious house, 5000l. with lands, jewels, plate, money, and household
+    furniture, to the value of 20,000l. or more."
+
+I pay no attention to the statement that (_Biogr. Brit._, Montague, note
+BB.) Lord Halifax was disappointed in a second marriage. It amounts only to
+this, that Lord Shaftsbury, having a certain lady in his heart and in his
+eye, was afraid he had a rival, and described the person talked of in terms
+which make it pretty certain that Halifax was intended. But it by no means
+follows that because a certain person is "talked of" for a lady, and a
+lover put in fear by the rumour, the person is really a rival: and not even
+a biographer would have shown himself so unfit for a novelist as to have
+drawn such a conclusion, unless he had been biassed by the wish to show
+that Halifax was attached to another than Mrs. Barton.
+
+It must of course be supposed that the introduction of Montague to Newton's
+niece was a consequence of his acquaintance with Newton, and took place in
+or near 1696, when Newton came to London, where his niece soon began to
+reside with him. And since, in 1706, the connexion, whatever it was, had
+been of long standing, we may infer that it had probably commenced in 1700.
+The case is then as follows. Montague received into his house, as
+"superintendent of his domestic affairs" after the death of his wife, the
+niece of his old and revered friend Newton, a conspicuous officer of the
+crown, a member of Parliament, and otherwise one of the most famous men
+living. This niece had been partly educated by Newton; she had lived in his
+house; we know of no other protector that she could have had, in London;
+and the supposition that she left any roof except Newton's to take shelter
+under that of Montague, would be purely gratuitous. She was unmarried,
+beautiful, and gay; and probably not so much as, certainly not much more
+then, twenty years old. A handsome annuity was bought for her in Newton's
+name, and held in trust by Halifax: if it had been bought _by Newton_,
+Conduitt would have mentioned it in his list of the benefactions which
+Newton's relatives received from him, especially after the publicity which
+it had obtained from Halifax's will. That she did not tenant the
+housekeeper's room while the friends of Halifax were round his table, may
+be inferred from the epigrams, poor as they are, which were made in her
+honour as a celebrated beauty and wit, in a collection of verses (reprinted
+in Dryden's _Miscellanies_) on the best known toasts of the day. Halifax
+bequeathed her a provision which might have suited his widow, in terms
+which must have been intended to show that she had been either his wife or
+his mistress; while in the same document he brought prominently forward his
+respect for Newton, the fact of her being Newton's niece, and the annuity
+which he had bought for her in Newton's name. An uncontradicted paragraph
+in the life of Halifax, published immediately after the will, and evidently
+not intended to bring forward any fact not perfectly well known, records
+her residence in the house of that nobleman and the consequent rumours
+concerning her character, affirms that she was a virtuous woman, and refers
+to the will to prove it: though the will denies it in the plainest English,
+on any supposition except that of a private marriage. Finally, the lady
+married a respectable man after the death of Lord Halifax, and lived with
+him in the house of her illustrious uncle.
+
+That she was either the wife or the mistress of Halifax, I take to be
+established; it is the natural conclusion from the facts above stated, all
+made public during her life, all left uncontradicted by herself, by her
+husband, by her daughter, by Lord Lymington her son-in-law, and by the
+uncle who had stood to her in the place of a father. It is impossible that
+Newton could have been ignorant that his niece was living in Montague's
+house, enjoyed an annuity bought in his own name, and was regarded by the
+world as the mistress of his friend and political patron. The language of
+the codicil shows that, be the nature of the connexion what it might,
+Halifax meant to tell the world that it might be proclaimed in all its
+relation to the name of Newton. To those who cannot, under all the
+circumstances, believe the connexion to have been what is called platonic,
+the probability that there was a private marriage is precisely the
+probability that Newton would not have sanctioned the dishonour of his own
+niece: and even if the connexion were only that of friendship, Newton must
+have sanctioned the appearance and the forms of a dishonourable intimacy:
+the co-habitation, the settlement, and the defiance of opinion. Now there
+is no reason to suppose of Newton that he would be a party to either
+proceeding, which would not apply as well to any man then alive: to Locke,
+for instance. Looking at the morals of the day, we are by no means
+justified in throwing off at once, with disgust, the bare idea of the
+possibility of a distinguished philosopher consenting to an illicit
+intercourse between his friend and his niece: we are bound, {432} in
+discussing probabilities, to distinguish 1850 from 1700. But, even putting
+out of view the purity of Newton's private life, and of the lives of his
+most intimate friends, there is that in the weaker part of his character
+which is of itself almost conclusive. Right or wrong, Newton never faced
+opinion. As soon as he found that publication involved opposition, from
+that time forward he published only with the utmost reluctance, and under
+the strongest persuasions; except when, as in the case of some of his
+theological writings, he confided the manuscript to a friend, to be
+anonymously published abroad. The _Principia_ was extorted from him by the
+Royal Society; the first publication on fluxions was under the name of
+Wallis; the _Optics_ were delayed until the death of Hooke; the first
+appearance against Leibnitz was anonymous; the second originated in a hint
+from the King. This morbid fear, which is often represented as modesty,
+would have made him, had he acted a part with regard to his niece which he
+could not avow, conduct it with the utmost reserve. The philosopher who
+would have let the theory of gravitation die in silence rather than
+encounter the opposition which a discovery almost always creates, would not
+have allowed his _name_ to be connected with the annuity which was the
+price of his niece's honour, or which carried all the appearance of it,
+even supposing him base enough to have connived at the purchase. And in
+such a case, Halifax would have taken care to respect the secrecy which he
+would have known to have been essential to Newton's comfort: he would not
+have published to the world that his mistress was Newton's niece, and that
+Newton was a party to a settlement upon her. There seems to me, about the
+codicil as it stands, a declaration that the connexion with Newton's niece
+was such as, if people knew all, Newton might have sanctioned. And the
+supposition of a private marriage, generally understood among the friends
+of the parties, seems to me to make all the circumstances take an air of
+likelihood which no other hypothesis will give them: and this is all my
+conclusion.
+
+If there were a marriage, the most probable reason for the concealment was,
+that it was contracted at a time when the birth and station of Mrs. Barton
+would have rendered her production at court as the wife of Montague an
+impediment to his career. He was raised to the peerage in 1700, and as the
+connexion was of long standing in 1706, it may well be supposed that it
+commenced at the time when (in his own opinion at least) his prospects of
+such elevation might have been compromised by a decided misalliance. The
+lower the tone of morals, the greater the ridicule which attaches to
+unequal _marriages_. Montague, though of noble family, was the younger son
+of a younger son, and not rich: it was common among the Tories to sneer at
+him as a _parvenu_. He had made his first appearance in the great world as
+the husband of a countess-dowager, and it may be that the _parvenu_ was
+weak enough to shrink from producing, as his second wife, a woman of very
+much lower rank, the granddaughter of a country clergyman, and the daughter
+of a man of no pretension to station. That Mr. Macaulay has not underrated
+the position of the country clergy, is known to all who have dipped into
+the writings of the seventeenth century. It is not, however, necessary to
+explain why the supposed marriage should have been private. As the world is
+constituted, no rules of inference can be laid down in reference to the
+irregular relations of the sexes.
+
+With reference to the insinuation that Newton owed his official position
+rather to his niece than to his ability, it can be completely shown that,
+on the worst possible supposition, the office in the Mint could have had
+nothing to do with Mrs. C. Barton. Newton was appointed to the lower office
+(the _Wardenship_) in March, 1695-96, when the young lady was not sixteen
+years old, and before she could have been a resident under her uncle's
+roof. The state of the coinage had caused much uneasiness; it was one of
+the difficulties, and its restoration was one of the successes, of the day.
+The best scientific advice was taken: Locke, Newton, and Halley were
+consulted, and all were placed in office nearly at the same time; Newton in
+the London Mint, Halley in the Chester Mint, Locke in the Council of Trade.
+Neither Locke nor Halley had any nieces. Before Newton's appointment there
+was some negociation of a public character: the Wardenship was not vacant,
+and the government seems to have tried to induce Newton to take something
+subordinate. March 14, Newton wrote to Halley, in reference to a current
+rumour,--"I neither put in for any place in the Mint, nor would meddle with
+Mr. Hoar's [the comptroller's] place, were it offered me." On the 19th,
+Montague informs Newton that he is to have the _Wardenship_, vacant by the
+removal of Mr. Overton to the Customs. Four years afterwards, when the
+great operation on the coinage, by many declared impracticable, had
+completely succeeded, Newton, a principal adviser and the principal
+administrator, obtained the Mastership in the course of promotion. Montague
+was raised to the peerage in the following year, and mainly, as the patent
+states, for the same service. So that, though Montague was the patron as to
+the Wardenship, yet scientific assistance was then so sorely needed, that
+no hypothesis relative to any niece would be necessary to explain the
+phenomenon of Newton's appointment: while, as to the Mastership it may
+almost be said that Montague was more indebted to Newton for his peerage,
+than Newton to Montague for that promotion which any minister must, under
+the circumstances, have granted. {433}
+
+In no account of Newton that I ever read is it stated that Mrs. Barton was
+an intimate friend of Swift, probably through Halifax. Having been told
+that there is frequent mention of her in Swift's _Journal to Stella_, I
+examined that series and the rest of the correspondence, in which her name
+occurs about twenty times. One letter from herself, under the name of
+Conduitt (November 29, 1733), is indorsed by the Dean, "My old friend Mrs.
+Barton, now Mrs. Conduitt," and establishes the identity of Swift's friend
+with Newton's niece: otherwise, it proves nothing here. The other points to
+be noticed are as follows.
+
+1710, September 28, November 30, March 7; 1711, April 3, July 18, October
+14 and 25, Swift visited or dined with Mrs. Barton at her _lodgings_. He
+was also at this time on good terms with Halifax, and dined with him
+November 28, 1710, and with Mrs. Barton on November 30. According to the
+idiom of the day, _lodgings_ was a name for every kind of residence, and
+even for the apartments of a guest in the house of his host. For anything
+to the contrary in the mere word, the lodgings might have been in the house
+of Lord Halifax, or of Newton himself. But, on the other hand, the future
+Dean, much as he writes to Stella of every kind of small talk, never
+mentions Halifax and Mrs. Barton together, never makes the slightest
+allusion to either in connexion with the other, though in one and the same
+letter he minutes his having dined with Halifax on the 28th, and with Mrs.
+Barton on the 30th. There must have been intentional suppression in this.
+All the world knew that there was some _liaison_ between the two; yet when
+Swift (1711, Nov. 20) records his having been "teased with whiggish
+discourse" by Mrs. Barton, he does not even drop a sarcasm about her
+politics having been learnt from Halifax. This is the more remarkable as
+the two seem to have been almost the only persons who are mentioned as
+talking whiggery to him. To this list, however, may be added Lady Betty
+Germain, well known to the readers of Swift's poetry, who joined Mrs.
+Barton in inflicting the vexation, and at whose house the conversation took
+place. It thus appears that Mrs. Barton was received in a manner which
+shows that she was regarded as a respectable woman. The suppression on the
+part of Swift may indicate respect for his two friends (that he highly
+respected Mrs. Barton appears clear), and observance of a convention
+established in their circle. But perhaps it is rather to be attributed to
+his own position with respect to Stella, which was certainly peculiar,
+though no one can say what their understanding was at the date of the
+journal. This journal came again into Swift's hands before it was
+published; so that we can only treat it as containing what he finally chose
+to preserve. Allusions may have been struck out.
+
+There is another point which our modern manners will not allow to be very
+closely handled in print, but on which I am disposed to lay some stress. On
+September 28, 1710, and April 3, 1711, Swift visited Mrs. Barton at her
+lodgings. On each of these occasions she regaled him with a good story,
+which there is no need to repeat: there is no harm in either, and they are
+far from being the most singular communications which he made to Stella;
+but they go beyond what, even in that day, will be considered as the
+probable conversation of a maiden lady of thirty-one, with a bachelor man
+of the world of forty-three. But they by no means exceed what we know to be
+the license then taken by married women; and Swift's tone with respect to
+the stories, combined with his obvious respect for Mrs. Barton, may make
+any one lean to the supposition that he believed himself to be talking to a
+married woman.
+
+The reserve of Swift puts us quite at fault as to the locality of Mrs.
+Barton's _lodgings_. They may have been in Lord Halifax's house; but if
+not, it requires some supposition to explain why they were not in that of
+Newton, with whom she had lived, and with whom she certainly lived after
+the death of Halifax. Perhaps, when farther research is made in such
+directions as may be indicated by the only unreserved statement of the
+existing case which has ever been printed, the conclusion I arrive at, as
+to me the _most probable_, may either be reinforced, or another substituted
+for it. Be this as it may, such points as I have discussed, relating to
+such men as Newton, will not remain in abeyance for ever, let biographers
+be as timid as they will.
+
+A. DE MORGAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. PARR ON MILTON.
+
+Amongst my autographs I find the inclosed letter frown Dr. Parr. It is
+written upon a half-sheet of paper, and in a very cramp and illegible hand.
+To whom it is addressed, or when written, I am unable to say. As it relates
+to the opinions held by Milton, perhaps you may think it worth insertion in
+your work, particularly as Milton has been the subject of some papers in
+"N. & Q." lately.
+
+W. M. F.
+
+_Copy of Letter from Dr. Parr, without date or address._
+
+    Dear Sir,
+
+    I send you Johnson's _Life of Milton_. My former feelings again return
+    upon me, that Johnson did not mean to affirm that Milton prayed not
+    upon any occasion or in any manner; but that he was engaged in no
+    visible worship; that he prayed at no stated time; that he had not what
+    we may call any regular return of family or private devotion. Pray read
+    the sequel. That he lived without prayer can hardly be affirmed, this
+    {434} surely is decided in my favour: it may wear the appearance of
+    contradiction to the former passage, that omitting public prayer he
+    omitted all; in truth, the expression just quoted is too peremptory and
+    too general. But the sense of Johnson cannot be mistaken, if you attend
+    to the different views he had in each sentence; and I repeat my former
+    assertion, that Johnson did not think Milton destitute of a devout
+    spirit, or totally negligent of prayer in some form or other.
+
+    Yours, very truly and respectfully,
+    J. PARR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARTS OF MSS.
+
+As an instance of the unfortunate dispersion of the parts of valuable MSS.
+through different countries, occasioned probably, in the case now to be
+mentioned, by public convulsions and the wild fury of revolutionary mobs in
+France, will you afford me space to quote an interesting description of a
+MS. from the catalogue of a library to be sold at Paris in December next?
+The MSS. and printed books in this library belonged to the eminent
+bookseller J. J. De Bure, whose ancestor was the distinguished and
+well-known bibliographer Guillaume de Bure. The publicity given to
+descriptions like the present through the medium of "N. & Q." may
+ultimately lead, on some occasions, to the scattered volumes being brought
+together again, either by way of purchase, or in exchange for other works.
+
+JOHN MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+    _"Catalogue des Livres rares et précieux, manuscrits et imprimés, de la
+    Bibliothèque de feu M. J. J. De Bure, ancien libraire du Roi et de la
+    Bibliothèque Royale, etc._
+
+    "No. 1395. Le Second Livre des Commentaires de la Guerre Gallèque, par
+    Caius Julius Cæsar, traduict en françois. In-8, mar. noir, avec des
+    fermoirs en argent.
+
+    "Manuscrit sur vélin.
+
+    "L'ouvrage ne porte pas de titre; on lit seulement sur le plat du
+    volume, Tomus Secundus, et au verso du 21 feuillet; c'y commence le
+    Second livre des Commentaires de la Guerre Gallèque.
+
+    "Ce manuscrit a été fait pour François I^{er}; le chiffre de ce Prince
+    se trouve au premier feuillet. Le Vol. se compose de 94 feuillets de
+    texte, et de 4 feuillets de table. L'Ecriture est très-belle, et paraît
+    être de l'un des meilleurs calligraphes de l'époque de Francois I^{er};
+    beaucoup de mots sont en or et en azur.
+
+    "On remarque 22 miniatures, 15 médaillons d'Empereurs et d'autres
+    personnages Romains, 12 figures d'engins ou machines de guerre, et 2
+    fleurons; en tout 58 peintures.
+
+    "Ce n'est point, à proprement parler, une traduction des Commentaires.
+    L'auteur suppose, dans le préambule de cette partie de l'ouvrage, que
+    Francis I^{er} au _Commencement du Moys d'Auguste, l'an 1519, allant
+    courir le cerf en la fourest de Byevre, y fait la rencontre de César_.
+
+    "De là, il établit un dialogue entre les deux personnages. François
+    I^{er} s'enquiert des circonstances de la guerre des Gaules, et César
+    lui en donne les détails tels qu'ils out été écrits par lui-même.
+
+    "On ne présente malheureusement ici qu'un Tome ii. Le Tome i. est au
+    Musée Britannique: on le trouve indiqué sous le No. 6205. dans le
+    _Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum_, London, 1808,
+    Tome iii. in folio. Ce Tome i. est décrit dans l'ouvrage de M. Waagen,
+    _Kunstwerke and Künstler in England und Paris_, Berlin, 1837, Tome i.
+    p. 148.
+
+    "Le Tome iii. était à vendre dans ces dernières années, au prix de 3000
+    francs, chez M. Techener (_Bulletin du Bibliophile_, année 1850, No.
+    1222. et p. 910.); nous ne savons où il est actuellement.
+
+    "Notre volume est le plus précieux des trois. Il l'emporte sur les deux
+    autres par le nombre des peintures (le Tome i. n'en a que 14, et le
+    Tome iii. seulement 12) et par l'intérêt qu'offrent ces peintures
+    elles-mêmes.
+
+    "La première, charmante miniature en camaïeu gris et or, représente
+    François I^{er} à cheval, courant le cerf; la dernière montre la prise
+    du cerf.
+
+    "Parmi les autres sujets, également traités en grisaille, on remarque
+    plusieurs batailles entre les Romains et les Gaulois, rendues dans
+    leurs divers détails avec une finesse admirable d'exécution. Mais ce
+    qui, par-dessus tout, donne un prix infini à ce manuscrit, ce sont sept
+    portraits, en médaillons, qui reproduisent les traits de quelques
+    hommes de guerre du temps de François I^{er}. Ils sont peints avec une
+    vérité et une délicatesse vraiment merveilleuses; des noms Romains, qui
+    figurent dans les Commentaries de César, sont écrits à côté des
+    portraits; les noms véritables ont été tracées au-dessous, mais un peu
+    plus tard, et par une main différente. Voici ces noms:--
+
+    "1^o. _Quintus Pedius_, le grand-maistre de Boisy, âgé de 41 ans; 2^o.
+    _le Fiable Divitiacus d'Autun_, l'Amiral de Boisy, Seigneur de Bonivet,
+    âgé de 34 ans; 3^o. _Quintus Titurius Sabinus_, Odet de Fones (Foix),
+    Sieur de Lautrec, âgé de 41 ans; 4^o. _Iccius_, le Mareschal de
+    Chabanes, Seigneur de la Palice, âgé de 57 ans; 5^o. _Lucius
+    Arunculeius Cotta_, Anne de Montmorency, âgé de 22 ans, et depuis
+    Connestable de France; 6^o. _Publ. Sextius Baculus_, le Mareschal de
+    Fleuranges, Seigneur de la Marche (Mark), premier Seigneur de Sédan,
+    âgé de 24 ans; 7^o. _Publius Crassus_, le Sieur de Tournon, qui fust
+    tué à la bataille de Pavie, âgé de 36 ans.
+
+    "La plupart des miniatures du volume sont signées G., 1519. La
+    perfection qui les distingue les avait d'abord fait attribuer au
+    célèbre miniaturiste _Guilo Clovio_; maintenant on croit pouvoir
+    affirmer qu'elles appartiennent à un peintre nommé Godefroy. Il se
+    trouve à la bibliothèque de l'Arsenal une traduction française des
+    Triomphes de Pétrarque, avec des miniatures qui sont incontestablement
+    de la même main et de la même époque. Or, l'une de ces miniatures est
+    signée _Godefroy_.
+
+    "On peut voir le rapprochement que fait entre les deux manuscrits M.
+    Waagen, dans l'ouvrage cité ci-dessus, Tome iii. p. 395. Il ne saurait,
+    du reste, y avoir aucun doute sur le nom de l'artiste, lorsqu'on lit
+    dans le _Bulletin du Bibliophile_ (pages déjà citées) que {435}
+    plusieurs des miniatures du Tome iii. sont signées _Godofredi
+    pictoris_, 1520.
+
+    "Ce précieux manuscrit ne sera pas vendu; il a été légué par M. de Bure
+    au département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Impériale."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM BLAKE.
+
+(_Continued from_ p. 71.)
+
+I venture to send you another Note regarding William Blake, claiming for
+that humble individual the honour of being the pioneer in the establishment
+of charity-schools in Britain, from which department of our social system
+who can calculate the benefits accrued, and constantly accruing, to this
+country!
+
+We look in vain through the _Silver Drops_ of William Blake for any record
+of an existing institution, such as he would have his "noble ladies" rear
+at Highgate. Among the many incentives he uses to prompt the charitable, we
+do not find him holding up for their example any model (unless it be "Old
+Sutton's brave hospital"); in all his amusing "Charity-school Sticks," his
+tone is that of a man trying to persuade people that the thing he proposes
+is feasible. "Some of them," says the sanguine Blake, "have scarce faith
+enough to believe in the success of this great and good design. Nay, your
+brother Cornish himself," continues he, in addressing one of his ladies,
+although full of good works, "would have persuaded me to lay it down" upon
+the ground of its impracticability. The language of Blake is everywhere
+advocating this "_new_ way of charity." "If it be _new_," says he to an
+objector, "the more's the pity;" and, with reference to the possibility of
+failure, he would thus shame them into liberality. Speaking of his "fine,
+handsome, and well cloathed boys; not too fine, because they are the
+ladies'!" our enthusiast adds to this _soft sawdur_:
+
+    "But now, if a year or two hence they should be grown, which God
+    forbid! poor ragged, half-starved, and no cloaths, country folks would
+    say, who ride or go that way, Were there not good ladies enough in and
+    about London to maintain _one_ little school?"
+
+Here then is _primâ facie_ evidence, I think, that my subject, poor crazy
+William Blake, was the originator of one of the greatest social
+improvements of modern times.
+
+The charity-school movement had obtained a strong hold upon the public mind
+early in the past century; but although I have sought for the name of Blake
+through many books professing to give an account of the early history of
+such institutions, I have not yet met with the slightest allusion to him,
+his school, or his _Silver Drops_.
+
+The superficial inquirer into the history of English charity-schools will
+be told that the honour of the first erecting such, and caring for
+destitute children, is popularly considered due to the parishes of St.
+Botulph, Aldgate, and St. Margaret's, Westminster: and if he would farther
+satisfy himself upon that point, he will see it claimed by the first named;
+a slab in front of their schools, adjoining the Royal Mint, bearing an
+inscription to the purport that it was the first Protestant charity-school,
+erected by voluntary contributions in 1693.
+
+If it comes to the earliest London school for poor children, perhaps the
+Catholics take the lead; for we find that it was part of the tactics of the
+Jesuits, in the reign of James II., to promote their design of subverting
+the Protestant religion by infusing their Romish tenets into the minds of
+the children of the poor by providing schools for them in the Savoy and
+Westminster.
+
+Blake says, with reference to this movement:
+
+    "That the scheme he was engaged upon was a good work, because it will
+    in some measure stop the mouths of Papists, who are prone to say, Where
+    are your works, and how few are your hospitals, and how small is your
+    charity, notwithstanding your great preaching?"
+
+A remarkable little book, and a very fit companion for the _Silver Drops_
+of William Blake, to which it bears a striking similarity, is the _Pietas
+Hallensis_ of Dr. Franck. In this, the German divine relates, in a style
+which bears more than an accidental resemblance to the work of the Covent
+Garden Philanthropist, how, little by little, by importunity and
+perseverance, he nursed his own charitable plans, of a like kind, into full
+life and vigour; and both Drs. Woodward and Kennett endorse and command the
+"miraculous footsteps of Divine Providence" in the labours of Dr. Franck.
+"Could we," says Dr. Kennett, "trace the obscurer footsteps of our own
+charity-schools, the finger of God would be as evidently in them." Why the
+Bishop of Peterborough should be ignorant of these earlier efforts to the
+same end in his own country, is somewhat marvellous. Franck began his
+charitable work at Glaucha in 1698; while Blake was labouring to establish
+his Highgate School in 1685. That Franck should know nothing about our
+pioneer in charitable education, is probable enough; but that the English
+divines I have mentioned, with Wodrow, Gillies, and a host of others,
+should be unaware that the proceedings at Halle were only the counterpart
+of those done fourteen years before by Blake in their own land, is
+certainly surprising, and affords another proof of the proneness of Britons
+to extol everything foreign to the neglect of what is native and at their
+own doors.
+
+Perhaps some of your readers will think I over-estimate the importance of
+the question, whether the charity-school movement is of British or foreign
+growth; or whether the honour of its application to the poor (for all
+_charity_-schools are not for such) belongs to my subject William Blake, or
+{436} some other philanthropic individual; if such there be, let them
+repair to our Metropolitan Cathedral on the day of the annual assemblage of
+the London charity children: and if, on contemplating the spectacle which
+will there meet their eye, they do not think it an object of interest to
+discover who, as Dr. Kennett says, "first cast in the _salt_ at the
+fountain-head to heal the _waters_, and broke the ground that was before
+barren," I pity them.
+
+In concocting this Note, I have had before me the following:
+
+1. Lysons's _Environs of London_, 1795, where will be found a short notice
+of Blake. The author, following Gough, makes my subject a madman, and says
+his scheme "failed after laying out 5000l. upon it."
+
+2. _Sermon preached for Charity-schools_, by Dr. Kennett, 1706.
+
+3. _Sermons of Dr. Smalridge and T. Yulden_, 1710 and 1728. These divines
+give the precedence to Westminster School, "erected 1688."
+
+4. _Wodrow's Letters_, edited by Dr. McCrie, 3 vols., Edin. 1843.
+
+5. _Pietas Hallensis_: or an Abstract of the Marvellous Footsteps of Divine
+Providence, in the building of a very large Hospital, or rather a Spacious
+College, for Charitable and Excellent Uses; and in the maintaining of many
+Orphans, and other Poor People therein at Glaucha, near Halle in Prussia,
+related by the Rev. A. H. Franck, 3 parts, 12mo., London, 1707-16. Let the
+curious reader compare this with Blake's book.
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Legends of the County Clare._--About nine miles westward from the town of
+Ennis, in the midst of some of the wildest scenery in Ireland, lies the
+small but very beautiful Lake of Inchiquin, famous throughout the
+neighbouring country for its red trout, and for being in winter the haunt
+of almost all the various kinds of waterfowl, including the wild swan, that
+are to be found in Ireland, while the woods that border one of its sides
+are amply stocked with woodcocks. At one extremity of the lake are the
+ruins of the Castle of Inchiquin, part of which is built on a rock
+projecting into the lake, there about one hundred feet deep, and this
+legend is related of the old castle:--Once upon a time, the chieftain of
+the Quins, whose stronghold it was, found in one of the caves (many of
+which are in the limestone hills that surround the lake) a lady of great
+beauty, fast asleep. While gazing on her in rapt admiration she awoke, and,
+according to the customs of the Heroic Age, soon consented to become his
+bride, merely stipulating that no one bearing the name of O'Brien should be
+allowed to enter the castle gate: this being agreed to, the wedding was
+celebrated with all due pomp, and in process of time one lovely boy blessed
+their union. Among the other rejoicings at the birth of an heir to the
+chief of the clan, a grand hunting-match took place, and the chase having
+terminated near the castle, the chieftain, as in duty bound, requested the
+assembled nobles to partake of his hospitality. To this a ready assent was
+given, and the chiefs were ushered into the great hall with all becoming
+state; and then for the first time did their host discover that one bearing
+the forbidden name was among them The banquet was served, and now the
+absence of the lady of the castle alone delayed the onslaught on the good
+things spread before them. Surprised and half afraid at her absence, her
+husband sought her chamber: on entering, he saw her sitting pensively with
+her child at the window which overlooked the lake; raising her head as he
+approached, he saw she was weeping, and as he advanced towards her with
+words of apology for having broken his promise, she sprang through the
+window with her child into the lake. The wretched man rushed forward with a
+cry of horror: for one moment he saw her gliding over the waters, now
+fearfully disturbed, chanting a wild dirge, and then, with a mingled look
+of grief and reproach, she disappeared for ever! And the castle and the
+lordship, with many a broad acre besides, passed from the Quins, and are
+now the property of the O'Briens to this day; and while the rest of the
+castle is little better than a heap of ruins, the fatal window still
+remains nearly as perfect as when the lady sprang through it, an
+irrefragable proof of the truth of the legend in the eyes of the peasantry.
+
+FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
+
+_The Seven Whisperers._--I have been informed by an old and trustworthy
+servant that about twenty years ago, as he was walking one clear starlight
+night with two other persons, they heard, for the space of several minutes,
+high up in the air, beautiful sounds like music, which gradually died away
+towards the north. He spoke of it as an occurrence not very uncommon, and
+said it was always called "The Seven Whisperers." On inquiry I found the
+name well known amongst the poorer classes.
+
+Is it not an electrical phenomenon?
+
+METAOUO.
+
+Essex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ITALIAN-ENGLISH, GERMAN-ENGLISH, AND THE REFUGEE STYLE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 149.)
+
+Every one has admired the odd bits of Italian-English which "N. & Q."
+lately published, a true {437} philological curiosity. Such queer medleys
+have been the result whenever two opposite idioms have been thrown together
+and unskilfully stirred up. Very few foreigners indeed, Sclavonic nations
+being excepted, and particularly the Russians, write French tolerably well.
+The present Lord Mahon and Lady Montaigne, in an excellent _Essay on
+Marriage_, are exceptions to the rule. Voltaire used to say,--
+
+ "Faites tous vos vers à Paris;
+  Et n'allez pas en Allemagne!"
+
+And very right he was. His kingly disciple committed more than once such
+Irish rhymes as these:
+
+ "Je vais cueillir dans leurs sentiers (des Muses)
+  De fraîches et charmantes roses;
+  Et je dédaigne les lauriers,
+  En exceptant les lauriers _sauces_."
+
+Forgetting the difference of pronunciation between the soft _s_ of _rose
+(roze)_ and the lisping sound of the _c_ in _sauce (sôss)_. As I have not
+by me the ponderous and voluminous works of the poetical monarch, I may
+have altered some of the words of the quotation; but the rhymes _sauce_ and
+_rose_ I aver to be true to the primitive copy. Even Protestant refugees,
+born of French parents, brought up amongst their co-religionists and
+countrymen, wrote a strange gibberish, often ungrammatical, always
+unidiomatic, of which traces may be found even in Basnage and Ancillon. A
+recent French theologian, the clever author of a Life of Spinosa, written
+in Germany and published in Paris with some success, has such expressions
+as these:
+
+    "Les villes protestantes preferent la liberté avec Calvin QUE la
+    tyrannique concorde avec Luther."--_Hist. Crit. du Rationalisme_, p.
+    49.
+
+    "Et ailleuz: Stuttgard Dontil etait conservateur DE LA
+    Bibliothèque."-_Ib_.
+
+And M. Amand Saintes is a Frenchman, and a most erudite man. The Celebrated
+Frau Bettina von Arnim, who dared to translate into English and to print in
+Berlin (apud Trowitzsch and Son, 1838), under the new title of _Diary of a
+Child_, her own untranslateable letters to Göthe, had at least the very
+good excuse of her nationality for her peculiar English, the choicest,
+funniest, maddest, and saddest English ever penned on this planet or in any
+other, and of which I hope "N. & Q." will accept some small specimens,
+taken at random among thousands such. To begin with the opening address:
+
+    "_To the English Bards_.
+
+    "Gentlemen!--The noble cup of your mellifluous tongue so often brimmed
+    with immortality, here filled with odd but pure and fiery draught, do
+    not refuse to taste if you relish its spirit to be homefelt, though not
+    home-born."
+
+    "BETTINA ARNIM."
+
+We will next pass to the "Preamble":
+
+    "The translating of Göthe's Correspondence with a Child into English
+    was generally disapproved of. Previous to its publication in Germany,
+    the well-renowned Mrs. Austin, by regard for the great German poet,
+    proposed to translate it; but after having perused it with attention,
+    the literate and the most famed bookseller of London thought
+    unadvisable the publication of a book that in every way widely differed
+    from the spirit and feelings of the English, and therefore it could not
+    be depended upon for exciting their interest. Mrs. Austin, by her
+    gracious mind to comply with my wishes, proposed to publish some
+    fragments of it, but as no musician ever likes to have only those
+    passages of his composition executed that blandish the ear, I likewise
+    refused my assent to the maiming of a work, that not by my own merit,
+    but by chance and nature became a work of art, that only in the
+    untouched development of its genius might judiciously be enjoyed and
+    appraised."
+
+Our next and last is taken from p. 133.:
+
+    "From those venturesome and spirit-night-wanderings I came home with
+    garments wet with melted snow; they believed I had been in the garden.
+    When night I forgot all; on the next evening at the same time it came
+    back to my mind, and the fear too I had suffered; I could not conceive,
+    how I had ventured to walk alone on that desolate road in the night,
+    and to stay on such a waste dreadful spot; I stood leaning at the court
+    gate; to-day it was not so mild and still as yesterday; the gales rose
+    high and roared along; they sighed up at my feet and hastened on yonder
+    side, the fluttering poplars in the garden bowed and flung off their
+    snow-burden, the clouds drove away in a great hurry, what rooted fast
+    wavered yonder, and what could ever be loosened, was swept away by the
+    hastening breezes." (!!!).
+
+P. S.--Excuse my French-English.
+
+PHILARÈTE CHASLES, Mazarianæus
+
+Paris, Palais de l'Institut.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Meaning of "Delighted" in some Places of Shakspeare._--I am sorry to be
+obliged to differ so often in opinion with H. C. K., but as we are both, I
+trust, solely actuated by the love of truth, he no doubt will excuse me. My
+difference now with him is about "_delighted_ spirit," by which he
+understands the "tender _delicate_ spirit," while I take it to be the
+"_delectable_" or "_delightful_ spirit." As I think this is founded on the
+Latin, I beg permission to quote the following portion of my note on Jug.
+ii. 3. in my edition of Sallust:
+
+    "_Incorruptus_, [Greek: aphthartos] , _i. e._ incapable of dissolution,
+    the _incorruptibilis_ of the Fathers of the Church. In imitation
+    probably of the Greek verbal adjective in [Greek: tos], as [Greek:
+    hairetos], [Greek: streptos], etc., the Latins, especially Sallust,
+    sometimes used the past part. as equivalent to an adj. in _bilis_:
+    comp. xliii, 5.; lxxvi. 1.; xci. 7.; Cat. I. 4.,
+
+    {438}
+
+     'Non _exorato_ stant adamante viæ;' Propert. IV. 11. 4.,
+     'Mare scopulis _inaccessum_;' Plin. _Nat. Hist._, XII. 14.
+
+    It is in this sense that _flexus_ is to be understood in Virg. _Æn._,
+    v. 500."
+
+The same employment of the past part. is frequent in our old English
+writers, and I rather think that they adopted it from the Latin. The
+earliest instance which I find in my notes is from Golding, who renders the
+_tonitrus et inevitabile fulmen_ of Ovid (_Met._ III. 301.):
+
+ "With dry and dreadful thunderclaps and lightning to the same,
+  Of deadly and _unavoided_ dint."
+
+In Milton I have noticed the following participles used in this sense:
+_unmoved_, _abhorred_, _unnumbered_, _unapproached_, _dismayed_,
+_unreproved_, _unremoved_, _unsucceeded_, _preferred_. But as Milton was
+addicted to Latinising, I will give some examples from Shakspeare himself:
+
+ "Now thou art come unto a feast of death
+  A terrible and _unavoided_ danger."--_1 Hen. VI._, Act IV. Sc. 5.
+
+ "We see the very wreck that we must suffer,
+  And _unavoided_ the danger now,
+  For suffering so the causes of our wreck."--_Rich. II._, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+ "All _unavoided_ is the doom of destiny."--_Rich. III._, Act IV. Sc. 4.
+
+ "Inestimable stones, _unvalued_ jewels."--_Ib._, Act I. Sc. 4.
+
+ "Tell them that when my mother went with child
+  Of that _insatiate_ Edward."--_Ib._, Act III. Sc. 5.
+
+ "I am not glad that such a sore of time
+  Should seek a plaster by _contemned_ revolt."--_King John_, Act V. Sc 2.
+
+                 "The murmuring surge
+  That on the _unnumber'd_ idle pebbles chafes."--_Lear_, Act IV. Sc. 6.
+
+ "O, _undistinguished_ space of woman's will."--_Ib._
+
+I could give instances from Spenser and even from Pope, but shall only
+observe that when we say "an _undoubted_ fact" we mean an _indubitable_
+one.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+P.S.--I am not disposed to quarrel with H. C. K.'s derivation of _awkward_
+(Vol. viii., p. 310.), but I must observe that the more exact correlative
+of _toward_ seems to be _wayward_. The Anglo-Saxons appear to have
+pronounced their [gh] as _g_; but after the Conquest it was pronounced hard
+in some cases, and so _wayward_ and _awkward_ may have the same origin.
+
+_Shakspeare Portrait._--Can any of your correspondents state whether the
+sign of Shakspeare, said to have been painted at a cost of 150l., and which
+in 1764 graced a tavern then in Drury Lane, called "The Shakspeare," and in
+that year was taken down and removed into the country, and used for a
+similar purpose, still exists, add where? and is the artist who painted
+such known?
+
+CHARLECOTT.
+
+_"Taming of the Shrew."_--I cannot help thinking that Christopher Sly
+merely means that he is fourteenpence on the score for _sheer_
+ale,--nothing but ale; neither bread nor meat, horse housing, or bed.
+
+He has _drunk_ the entire amount, and glories in his iniquity, like a true
+tippler.
+
+G. H. K.
+
+_Lord Bacon and Shakspeare._--Can any of those correspondents of "N. & Q."
+who have devoted attention to the lives of two of England's greatest
+worthies, Francis Bacon and William Shakspeare, account for the
+extraordinary fact that, although these two highly gifted men were
+cotemporaries, no mention of or allusion to the other is to be found in the
+writings of either? Bacon was born in 1561, and died in 1626; Shakspeare,
+who was born in 1563, and died ten years before the great chancellor, not
+only loved
+
+    "To suck the sweets of sweet philosophy,"
+
+but breathes throughout every page of his wondrous writings a spirit of
+philosophy as profound as his imagination is unlimited; yet nowhere, it is
+believed, can he be traced as making the slight allusion to the great
+father of modern philosophy. Bacon, on the other hand, whom one can
+scarcely suppose to have been ignorant of the writings of the dramatist,
+but who indeed may rather be believed to have known him personally, seems
+altogether to ignore his existence, or the existence of any of his
+matchless works. As the solution of this problem could not but throw much
+light on that most interesting subject,--the history of the minds of
+Shakespeare and Bacon,--I venture to throw it out as a fit subject for the
+research of some of your contributors versed in the writings of these great
+spirits of their own age, no less than of all time.
+
+THETA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Decomposed Cloth._--In Mr. Wright's valuable work on _The Celt, the Roman,
+and the Saxon_, p. 308., is mentioned the discovery at York of a Roman
+coffin, in which were distinctly visible "the colour, a rich purple," as
+well as texture of the cloth with which the body it had contained had been
+covered.
+
+I should think that the colour observed was not that of the ancient dye,
+but rather was caused by phosphate of iron, formed by the combination of
+iron contained in the soil or water, with phosphoric acid, arising from the
+decomposition of animal matter. It may often be observed in similar cases,
+as about animal remains found in bogs, and about ancient leather articles
+found in {439} excavations, especially when any iron is in contact with
+them, or in the soles of shoes or sandals studded with nails.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_First and Last._--There cannot be two words more different in meaning than
+these, and yet they are both used to express the same sense! Of two authors
+equally eminent, one shall write that a thing is of the _first_ and the
+other of the _last_ importance, though each means the _greatest_ or
+_utmost_. How is this? To me _first_ appears preferable, though _last_ may
+be justifiable. Being on the subject of words, I am reminded of
+_obnoxious_, which is applied in the strangest ways by different authors.
+It is true that the Roman writers used _obnoxius_ in various senses; but it
+does not seem so pliable or smooth in English. Generally it is held to
+indicate _disagreeable_ or _inimical_, though our dictionaries do not admit
+it to have either of those meanings!
+
+A. B. C.
+
+_Cucumber Time._--This term, which the working-tailors of England use to
+denote that which their masters call "the flat season," has been imported
+from a country which periodically sends many hundreds of its tailors to
+seek employment in our metropolis. The German phrase is "Die saure Gurken
+Zeit," or pickled gherkin time. A misunderstanding of the meaning of the
+phrase may have given rise to the vulgar witticism, that tailors are
+vegetarians, who "live on cucumber" while at play, and on "cabbage" while
+at work.
+
+N. W. S.
+
+_MS. Sermons of the Eighteenth Century._--Having lately become possessed,
+at the sale of an an old library, of some MS. Sermons by the Rev. J.
+Harris, Rector of Abbotsbury, Dorset, from the year 1741 to 1763, I shall
+be happy to place them in the hands of any descendant of that gentleman.
+
+W. EWART.
+
+Pimperne, Dorset.
+
+_Boswell's "Johnson."_--In vol. v. p. 272. of _my_ favourite edition, and
+p. 784. of the edition in one volume, Johnson, writing to Brocklesby, under
+date Sept. 2, 1784, calls Windham "inter stellas Luna minores." Boswell, in
+a note, says, "It is remarkable that so good a Latin scholar as Johnson
+should have been so inattentive to the metre, as by mistake to have written
+_stellas_ instead of _ignes_." Now, with all due deference, a Captain of
+Native Infantry ventures to suggest that both _stellas_ and _ignes_ are
+wrong, and that Johnson was thinking of the noble opening of Horace's 15th
+Epode:
+
+ "Nox erat, et coelo fulgebat _Luna_ sereno,
+    _Inter minora_ sidera."
+
+F. C.
+
+Bangalore.
+
+_Stage Coaches._--It occurs to me as highly desirable that, before the
+recollection of the old stage coach has faded from the memory of all but
+the oldest inhabitant, an authentic statement should be placed on record of
+the length of the stages, and the speed that was obtained, by this mode of
+conveyance, in which England was for so many years without a rival.
+
+The speed of mail coaches is, I believe chronicled in the British Almanac
+of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge; but their speed, if I
+mistake not, was surpassed by that of the "Rival," which travelled (from
+Monmouth, I think) to London after the opening of the Great Western
+Railway.
+
+Could any of your correspondents favour us with the time-bill of that
+coach, detailing the length of the several stages, and the time of
+performance? It would also be interesting to chronicle the period during
+which this rivalry with the railway was maintained.
+
+GEO. E. FRERE.
+
+_Antecedents._--The word "antecedents," as a plural, and in the sense
+attached to it by the French, is not to be found in any English dictionary
+that I have the means of consulting. And yet it seems now to be commonly
+used as an English expression, even by some of our best writers.
+
+When was this word first imported, and by whom? I have just met with an
+instance of it in Jerdan's _Autobiography_, vol. i. p. 131.:
+
+    "I got him (Hammon), with a full knowledge of his antecedents, into the
+    employment of a humane and worthy wine merchant of Bordeaux."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_The Letter X._--The letter X on brewers' casks is probably thus derived:
+
+  _Simplex_ = single x, or X.
+  _Duplex_ = double x, or XX.
+  _Triplex_ = treble x, or XXX.
+
+This was suggested by Owen's _Epigram_, lib. xii. 34.:
+
+ "Laudatur vinum _simplex_, cervisia _duplex_,
+  Est bona duplicitas, optima simplicitas."
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_A Crow-bar._--In Johnson's _Dictionary_ the explanation given of this word
+is "piece of iron used as a lever to force open doors, as the Latins called
+a hook _corvus_." In Walters' _English and Welsh Dictionary_, the first
+part of which was published about the year 1770, this word is printed
+"_Croe_-bar." Is it probable that the word _crow_ has been derived front
+the Camb.-Brit. word _cro_, a curve? and that the name has been given from
+the circumstance of one end of a crow-bar being curved for the purpose of
+making it more efficient as lever?
+
+N. W. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{440}
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Bishop Grehan._--I want any information obtainable with reference to a
+Roman Catholic bishop in Ireland named Grehan; his Christian name, family,
+date of his bishopric, and name of it. Where can I find such particulars?
+
+O. L. R. G.
+
+_Doxology._--In his "Christmas Caroll" to the tune of "King Solomon," old
+Tusser has the following:
+
+ "To God the Son and Holy Ghost,
+    Let man give thanks, rejoice, and sing,
+  From world to world, from coast to coast,
+    For all good gifts so many ways,
+      That God doth send.
+    Let us in Christ give God the praise,
+      Till life shall end!"
+
+Query, Is this the origin of our own doxologies?
+
+L. A. M.
+
+Great Yarmouth.
+
+_Arrow-mark._--On an ancient pump of wood, extracted from the Poltimore
+mine in North Devon, I perceive a deeply cut arrow-mark. What is the
+inference as to the age of this relic from the mark referred to? The
+fragment is that of a large oak tree hollowed out, and now decomposing from
+exposure after its long burial.
+
+J. R. P.
+
+_Gabriel Poyntz._--There is a portrait here inscribed "Gabriel Poyntz, an.
+Domini 1568, ætatis suæ 36:" and having a coat of arms painted on it, Barry
+of eight, or and gules, with a crest very indistinct; but apparently a
+lion's head, and the motto "Clainte refrainte."
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me of the meaning of this motto, and
+the language in which it is expressed; and also what the crest is?
+
+G. Poyntz was of South Okendon in Essex, and there is an account of his
+family in Morant's _Essex_; from which it appears that he was descended
+from the family of Poyntz of Tockington in _Gloucestershire_, of which
+there is an account in Atkins' Gloucestershire. He was afterwards
+knighted.--Any information as to him, in addition to that which is
+contained in Morant, would be very acceptable.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+Bradley, Ashbourne.
+
+_Queen Elizabeth's and Queen Anne's Motto, "Semper eadem."_--Upon what
+occasion, and by what authority was the motto "Semper eadem" used as the
+royal motto in the reign of Elizabeth?
+
+The authority for Queen Anne's motto has been afforded by your
+correspondent G. (Vol. viii., p. 255.); though he has not fully answered
+the original Query (Vol. viii., p. 174.), as the motto in question was
+signified to the public in the _London Gazette_, Dec. 21-24, 1702; was
+ordered to be _continued_ in 1707, and to be _discontinued_ (by an order in
+council) on the accession of the House of Hanover in 1714, when the old
+motto "Dieu et mon droit" was resumed.
+
+Z. Z. Z.
+
+_Bees._--In these parts the increase of the apiary is known by the three
+following names:--The first migration from the parent hive is (as all your
+country readers are aware) a _swarm_; the next is called a _cast_; while
+the third increase, in the same season, goes under the name of a _cote_.
+Perhaps some one will kindly inform me if these names are common in other
+parts of England; and if there are any other local designations for the
+different departures of these insect colonists.
+
+JOHN P. STILWELL.
+
+Dorking.
+
+_Nelly O'Brien and Kitty Fisher._--Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q."
+can tell me where information is to be found respecting these two
+celebrated women, who have been immortalised by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and
+whose portraits are sometimes to be met with.
+
+"Cleopatra dissolving the Pearl" is a portrait of Kitty, and he probably
+introduced them both into some of his fancy pictures.
+
+As I happen to possess a good portrait of one of them, I should like to
+know something of their history.
+
+CANTAB.
+
+University Club.
+
+_"Homo unius libri."_--To whom does this saying ing originally belong? The
+_British Critic_ gives it to St. Thomas Aquinas:
+
+    "When asked on one occasion who is in the way to become learned, he
+    answered, 'Whoever will content himself with the reading of a single
+    book."--_The British Critic_, No. LIX. p. 202.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_"Now the fierce bear," &c._--Can any of your readers inform me who is the
+author of the following lines?
+
+ "Now the fierce bear and leopard keen,
+  All perished as they ne'er had been;
+  Oblivion's their best home.
+      .    .    .    .
+  There is an oath on high,
+  That ne'er on brow of mortal birth,
+  Shall blend again the crowns of earth."
+
+[theta].
+
+_Prejudice against Holy Confirmation._--I have found among my rural
+parishioners an idea very prevalent, that it is wrong, or at least highly
+improper, for a married woman to become a candidate for, or to receive holy
+confirmation; and this quite apart from any sectarian views on the matter.
+I should like to know if any of my {441} clerical brethren have noticed the
+same superstition as I must call it. Labourers' wives in some cases have at
+once stated their being married as a valid objection; and in others their
+husbands, although Churchmen, have at once entered their _veto_ on their
+being confirmed. Can it arise from any vague reminiscence of the practical
+rule of the Church of England on the subject, which has been so long
+ignored?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Epigram on MacAdam._--Who was the author of the following epigram?
+
+ "My Essay on Roads, quoth MacAdam, lies there,
+    The result of a life's lucubration;
+  But does not the title page look rather bare?
+    I long for a Latin quotation.
+
+ "A Delphin edition of Virgil stood nigh,
+    To second his classic desire;
+  When the road-maker hit on the shepherd's reply,
+   '_Miror Magis_,' I rather _add_-mire."
+
+[Old English W. N.]
+
+_Jane Scrimshaw._--Can any of your numerous correspondents inform me if
+there is any other biographical notice of Jane Scrimshaw, who attained the
+advanced age of 127, and resided for upwards of eighty years in the
+Merchant Taylors' Almshouse, near Little Tower Hill, than that recorded in
+Caulfield's _Memoirs of Remarkable Characters_?
+
+J. T. M.
+
+_The Word "Quadrille."_--May I trouble some kind reader to give me the
+origin, derivation, full and literal meaning, and the several senses, in
+their regular succession, of the above word _Quadrille_? There seems to be
+much uncertainty attached to the word.
+
+VERITATIS AMICUS.
+
+Oxon.
+
+_The Hungarians in Paules._--Perhaps some of the ingenious contributors to
+"N. & Q." may be able to assist P. C. S. S. to explain the following
+passage in the dedication of a rare little book _Dekker's Dreame_ (Lond.
+4to. 1620). It is inscribed:--
+
+    "To the truly accomplished gentleman, and worthy deserver of all men's
+    loves, Master Endymion Porter. Sir, if you aske why, from the heapes of
+    men, I picke you out only to be that _Murus ahæneus_ which must defend
+    me, lett me tell you (what you knowe allready) that bookes are like the
+    Hungarians in Paules, who have a priviledge to holde out their Turkish
+    history for anie one to reade. They beg nothing: the texted past-bord
+    talkes all--and if nothing be given, nothing is spoken, but God knowes
+    what they thinke!"
+
+An explanation of the above passage is very earnestly desired by
+
+P. C. S. S.
+
+_Ferns Wanted._--Specimens of the following rare ferns are much wanted to
+complete a collection:--_Woodsia ilvensis_, _Woodsia alpina_, _Cystopteris
+montana_, _Lastrea cristata_, _Lastrea recurva_, _Lastrea multiflora_,
+_Asplenium alterniflorum_, _Trichomanes speciosum_.
+
+The undersigned will feel very much obliged to any charitable person,
+residing near the _habitat_ of any of the above-mentioned ferns, who would
+take the trouble to forward to him, if not a root, at least a specimen for
+drying, he need scarcely say that any expenses will be most cheerfully
+defrayed.
+
+HENRY COOPER KEY.
+
+Stretton Rectory, near Hereford.
+
+_Craton the Philosopher._--Two of the figures on the brass font in the
+church of St. Bartholomew at Liège are superscribed Johannes Evangelista et
+Craton Philosophus.--Can any reader of "N. & Q." say if anything is known
+about the latter, who is represented as being baptized by the Evangelist?
+
+R. H. C.
+
+_The Solar Annual Eclipse in the Year 1263._--In the Norwegian account of
+Haco's expedition against Scotland, A.D. 1263, published in the original
+Islandic from the Flateyan and Frisian MSS., with a literal English version
+by the Rev. James Johnstone, I read as follows:
+
+    "While King Haco lay in Ronaldsvo, a great darkness drew over the sun;
+    so that only a little ring was bright round the sun, and it continued
+    so for some hours."--P. 45.
+
+King Haco, according to the account, left Bergen on his expedition "three
+nights before the 'Selian' vigils ... with all his fleet," and, "having got
+a gentle breeze, was two nights at sea when he reached that harbour of
+Shetland called Breydeyiar Sound (Bressay Sound, I presume) with a great
+part of his navy." Here he remained "near half a month, and from thence
+sailed to the Orkneys; and continued some time at Elidarwick, which is near
+Kirkwall.... After St. Olave's wake (July 18, O. S.) King Haco, leaving
+Elidarwick, sailed south before the Mull of Ronaldsha, with all the navy;"
+and being joined by Ronald from the Orkneys, with the ships that had
+followed him, he "led the whole armament into Ronaldsha, which he left upon
+the vigil of St. Lawrence (July 30, O. S.)."
+
+Now I wish to know, 1. On what day in August this eclipse took place, the
+day of the week, commencement of the eclipse, &c.
+
+2. Whether any cotemporary, or other writer besides the Icelandic
+historian, has recorded this eclipse?
+
+S.
+
+Fitzroy Street.
+
+_D'Israeli--how spelt?_--CAUCASUS is so fortunate as to possess all the
+acknowledged works of D'Israeli the elder, as published by himself. In the
+title-page of every one of them, the name {442} of the elegant and
+accomplished author is spelt (as above) _with_ an apostrophe. In the late
+edition of his collected works, by his no less accomplished son, the name
+is printed _without_ the apostrophe. Indeed the name so appears in all the
+works of Mr. D'Israeli the younger; a practice which he seems to have taken
+up even in the lifetime of his father, who spelt it differently. Can any of
+your readers inform CAUCASUS of the reason of this difference, and of the
+authority for it, and which is the correct mode? He has vainly sought for
+information in the Heralds' Visitation books for Buckinghamshire, preserved
+in the British Museum.
+
+CAUCASUS.
+
+_Richard Oswald._--Could any of your correspondents give me any information
+respecting Mr. Richard Oswald, the commissioner who negociated the Treaty
+of 1782 at Paris, with Franklin, and his other colleagues, representing the
+United States? Is there any obituary or biographical notice of him in
+existence?
+
+L.
+
+_Cromwell's Descendants._--Oliver Cromwell's daughter Bridget was baptized
+August 4, 1624; married to Ireton January 15, 1646-7; a widow Nov. 26,
+1651; married to General Fleetwood, Lord President in Ireland, before 1652;
+died at Stoke, near London, 1681.--Can any of your correspondents furnish
+the date of this lady's marriage with Fleetwood; also, a list of her
+children and grandchildren by Fleetwood? It is supposed that Captain
+Fleetwood's daughter, _i. e._ the General's granddaughter, married a Berry.
+
+ERIN.
+
+_Letter of Archbishop Curwen to Archbishop Parker._--In _The Hunting of the
+Romish Fox_, collected by Sir James Ware, and edited by Robert Ware (8vo.,
+Dublin, 1683), there is a long account of an image of the Saviour which, to
+the astonishment of the good people of Dublin, and by the contrivance of
+one Father Leigh, sweated blood in the year 1559. It is added, at p. 90.:
+
+    "The Archbishop of Dublin wrote _this relation and to this effect_, to
+    his brother, Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker, who was very
+    joyful at the receipt thereof, by reason," &c.
+
+The whole chapter in which this occurs is stated to be "taken out of the
+Lord Cecil's _Memorials_." Can any of your readers give me assistance in
+finding these _Memorials_, or this letter to Archbishop Parker, or a copy
+of it? I intended to have made it an object of inquiry and search in
+Dublin, but I have been prevented accomplishing my design of visiting that
+country. Perhaps some of your Irish readers may be able to help me.
+
+JOHN BRUCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Margaret Patten._--I have just seen a curious old picture, executed at
+least a century ago, and which was lately found amongst some family papers.
+It is a half-length of an old woman in homely looking garments; a dark blue
+stuff gown, the sleeves partially rolled up, and white sleeving protruding
+from under, not unlike the fashion of to-day; a white and blue checked
+apron; around her neck a white tippet and a handkerchief, on her head a
+"mutch," or close linen cap, and a lace or embroidered band across her
+forehead to hide the absence of hair. She holds something undistinguishable
+in one hand.
+
+The picture is about 10 × 8 inches, and is done on glass, evidently
+transferred from an engraving on steel. The colours have been laid on with
+hand, and then, to preserve and make an opaque back, it has received a
+coating of plaster of Paris; altogether in its treatment resembling a
+coloured photograph.
+
+By-the-bye, I am sorry I could not get a copy (photographic) of it, or that
+would have rendered intelligible what I fear my lame descriptions cannot.
+Beneath the figure is the following inscription:
+
+    "MARGARET PATTEN,
+
+    Born in the Parish of Lochnugh, near Pairsley in Scotland, now Liveing
+    in the Work House of St. Marg^{ts}, Westminsster, aged 138."
+
+There is no date appended.
+
+The word "Lochnugh" in the inscription is evidently spelt from the Scotch
+pronunciation of Lochwinnoch, near Paisley.
+
+I should be very glad if any of your readers or correspondents in London
+could ascertain if the name, &c. is to be found in the records of St.
+Margaret's, Westminster, and also give me some facts as to the history of
+this poor old Scotch woman, left destitute so far from home and kindred.
+
+If it can be authenticated, it will make another item for your list of
+longevals.
+
+JAMES B. MURDOCH.
+
+Glasgow.
+
+    [In the Board-room of the workhouse of St. Margaret's, Westminster, is
+    a portrait of Margaret Patten, which corresponds with the picture just
+    described, and bears the following inscription:
+
+    "MARGARET PATTEN, aged 136: the Gift of John Dowsell, William Goff,
+    Matthew Burnett, Thomas Parker, Robert Wright, John Parquot, Overseers,
+    anno 1737."
+
+Margaret Patten was buried in the burial-ground of what was then called the
+Broadway Church, now Christ Church, and there is a stone on the eastern
+boundary wall inscribed, "Near this place lieth MARGARET PATTEN, who died
+June 26, 1739, in the Parish Workhouse, aged 136." In Walcott's _Memorials
+of {443} Westminster_, p. 288., we are told "she was a native of
+Lochborough, near Paisley. She was brought to England to prepare Scotch
+broth for King James II., but, owing to the abdication of that monarch,
+fell into poverty and died in St. Margaret's workhouse, where her portrait
+is still preserved. Her body was followed to the grave by the parochial
+authorities and many of the principal inhabitants, while the children sang
+a hymn before it reached its last resting-place."]
+
+_Etymology of "Coin."_--What is the etymology of our noun and verb _coin_
+and _to coin_? I do not know if I have been anticipated, but beg to suggest
+the following:--_Coin_, a piece of cornered metal; _To coin_, the act of
+cornering such block of metal.
+
+In Cornwall, the blocks of tin, when first run into moulds from the
+smelting furnace, are _square_; and when the metal is to be fined or
+assayed, the miner's phrase is, that it is to be _coined_; for the
+_corners_ of the moulded block are _cut off_, and subjected to the _assay_;
+and the decree of fineness proved is stamped on the now cornerless
+block--thereafter called a _coin of tin_. It is, I conceive, by no means a
+violent supposition that such _coins of tin_ were current as money very
+many ages before either silver, gold, copper, bronze, lead, tin, or any
+other metal moulded, stamped, engraved, or fashioned into such coins as we
+now know had come into use. We know to what far-back ages the finding of
+tin carries us, its find being entirely confined to Cornwall; its presence
+near the surface in an ore readily reduced and easily melted making its
+reduction into the metallic state possible in the very rudest state of
+society and of the arts.
+
+C. D. LAMONT.
+
+Greenock.
+
+    [See Dr. Richardson for the following derivation:--"Fr. _coigner_, It.
+    _cuniare_, Sp. _cunar_, _acuñar_, to wedge, and also to coin. Menage
+    and Spelman agree from the Latin _cuneus_. '_Cuneus_; sigillum ferreum,
+    quo nummus _cuditur_; a forma dictum: atque inde _coin_ quasi _cune_
+    pro monetâ.' An iron seal with which metal is stamped; so called from
+    the shape. And hence money is called _coin_ (q. _cune_,
+    wedge).--_Spelman._" The Rev. T. R. Brown, in an unpublished
+    _Dictionary of Difficult Etymology_[1], suggests the following:--"Fr.
+    _coign_, a coin, stamp, &c.; Gaelic, _cuin_, a coin. Probably from the
+    Sanscrit _kan_, to shine, desire, covet; _kanaka_, gold, &c. The Hebrew
+    _ceseph_, money, coin, is derived in like manner from the verb
+    _casaph_, to desire, covet. The other meaning attached to the French
+    word _coign_, viz. a wedge, appears to be derived from quite a
+    different root."]
+
+[Footnote 1: This useful work makes two volumes 8vo.: but how is it the
+learned Vicar of Southwick printed only _nine_ copies? Was he thinking of
+the sacred _Nine_?]
+
+_Inscription at Aylesbury._--In the north transept of St. Mary's Church,
+Aylesbury, occurs the following curious inscription on a tomb of the date
+of 1584:
+
+ "Yf, passing by this place, thou doe desire
+    To knowe what corpse here shry'd in marble lie,
+  The somme of that whiche now thou dost require
+    This slender verse shall sone to thee descrie.
+
+ "Entombed here doth rest a worthie Dame,
+    Extract and born of noble house and bloud,
+  Her sire, Lord Paget, hight of worthie fame
+    Whose virtues cannot sink in Lethe floud.
+  Two brethern had she, barons of this realme,
+    A knight her freere, Sir Henry Lee, he hight,
+  To whom she bare three _impes_, which had to name,
+    John, Henry, Mary, slayn by fortune spight,
+  First two being yong, which cavs'd their parents mone,
+    The third in flower and prime of all her yeares:
+  All three do rest within this marble stone,
+    By which the fickleness of worldly joyes appears.
+  Good Frend sticke not to strew with crimson flowers
+    This marble stone, wherein her cindres rest,
+  For sure her ghost lives with the heavenly powers,
+    And guerdon hathe of virtuous life possest."
+
+Can any of your readers give me any other instances of children being
+called _imps_? and also tell me wherefore the name was given them? and how
+long it continued in use?
+
+T. W. D. BROOKS.
+
+Cropredy, Banbury.
+
+    [The inscription is given in Lipscomb's _Buckinghamshire_. Horne Tooke
+    says _imp_ is the past participle of the A.-S. _impan_, to graft, to
+    plant. Mr. Steevens (Note on _2 Henry IV._, Act V. Sc. 5.) tells us,
+    "An _imp_ is a shoot in its primitive sense, but means a son in
+    Shakspeare." In Hollinshed, p. 951., the last words of Lord Cromwell
+    are preserved, who says, "And after him that his sonne Prince Edward,
+    that goodlie _impe_, may long reign over you." The word _imp_ is
+    perpetually used by Ulpian Fulwell, and other ancient writers, for
+    progeny:
+
+     "And were it not thy royal _impe_
+      Did mitigate our pain."
+
+    Again, in the _Battle of Alcazar_, 1594:
+
+     "Amurath, mighty emperor of the East,
+      That shall receive the _imp_ of royal race."
+
+    See other examples in Todd's Johnson and Dr. Richardson's Dictionaries.
+    Shakspeare uses the word only in jocular and burlesque passages, which,
+    says Nares, is the natural course of a word growing obsolete.]
+
+_"Guardian Angels now protect me," &c._--I remember John Wesley, and also
+his saying the "Devil should not have the best tunes." There was a pretty
+love-song, a great favourite when I was a boy:
+
+ "Guardian angels, now protect me,
+  Send to me the youth I love."
+
+the music of which Wesley introduced to his congregation as a hymn tune.
+The music I have, and I shall be glad if any of your correspondents {444}
+can oblige me with the first verse of this love-song; I only recollect the
+above lines.
+
+WILLIAM GARDINER.
+
+Leicester.
+
+    [The following is the song referred to by our correspondent:
+
+          _The Forsaken Nymph._
+
+     "Guardian angels, now protect me,
+        Send to me the swain I love;
+      Cupid, with thy bow direct me;
+        Help me, all ye pow'rs above.
+      Bear him my sighs, ye gentle breezes,
+        Tell him I love and I despair,
+      Tell him for him I grieve, say 'tis for him I live;
+        O may the shepherd be sincere!
+
+     "Through the shady grove I'll wander,
+        Silent as the bird of night,
+      Near the brink of yonder fountain,
+        First Leander bless'd my sight.
+      Witness ye groves and falls of water,
+        Echos repeat the vows he swore:
+      Can he forget me? will he neglect me?
+        Shall I never see him more?
+
+     "Does he love, and yet forsake me,
+        To admire a nymph more fair?
+      If 'tis so, I'll wear the willow,
+        And esteem the happy pair.
+      Some lonely cave I'll make my dwelling,
+        Ne'er more the cares of life pursue;
+      The lark and Philomel only shall hear me tell,
+        What bids me bid the world adieu."]
+
+_K. C. B.'s._--I observe that in the _London Gazette_ of January 2, 1815,
+which regulates the existing order of the Bath, it is commanded by the
+sovereign that "there shall be affixed in the church of St. Peter at
+Westminster escutcheons and banners of the arms of each K. C. B." Has this
+command been regularly fulfilled on the creation of each K. C. B.? I
+believe that on each creation fees are demanded by the Heralds' College,
+for the professed purpose of exemplifying the knight's arms, and affixing
+his escutcheon; but I never remember to have seen the escutcheons in
+Westminster Abbey.
+
+TEWARS.
+
+    [The order _never_ was fulfilled. If the knights were entitled to
+    armorial bearings, no fees whatever were demanded by or paid to the
+    Heralds' College. The statutes of 1815 were, however, abrogated and
+    annulled by the statutes of 1847, and the banners are not required to
+    be suspended in the Abbey. The erection of the banners and plates,
+    however, rested with the officers of the order, and the Heralds'
+    College had nothing to do with the matter.]
+
+_Danish and Swedish Ballads._--What are the best and most recent
+collections of ancient Danish and Swedish ballad poetry?
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    [We believe the best and most recent collection of Danish ballads is
+    the edition of _Udvalgte Danske Viser fra Middelalderen_, by
+    Abrahamson, Nyerup, Rabbek, &c., in five small 8vo. volumes,
+    Copenhagen, 1812. The best Swedish collection was _Svenska Folk-Visor
+    fran Forteden_, collected and edited by Geijer and Afzelius, and
+    published at Stockholm, 1814; but the more recent collection published
+    by Arwidson in 1834 is certainly superior. It is in three octavo
+    volumes, and is entitled _Svenska Fornsänger. En Samling of Kämp-visor,
+    Folk-visor, Lekar och Dansar, samt Barn- och Vall-Sänger_.]
+
+_Etymology of "Conger."_--What is the etymology of the word _Conger_, as
+applied to the larger kind of deep sea eels by our fishermen (who, be it
+remarked, never add eel. _Conger-eel_ is entirely used by shore-folk)?
+
+I imagine that it may be traced from the Danish _Kongr_, a king, or kings;
+for being the greatest of eels, the fishermen, whose nets he tore, and
+whose take he seriously reduced, might well call him in size, in strength,
+and voracity--_Kongr_, the king.
+
+C. D. LAMONT.
+
+Greenock.
+
+    [Todd and Webster derive it from the Latin _conger_ or _congrus_; Gr.
+    [Greek: gongros], formed of [Greek: graô], to eat, the fish being very
+    voracious; It. _gongro_; Fr. _congre_.]
+
+_"Si vis me flere, dolendum est primum tibi."_--This is, I think, the
+ordinary form of a saying cited somewhere by Goldsmith, who calls it "so
+trite a quotation that it almost demands an apology to repeat it." Whence
+comes it originally? I am unable to give the exact reference to the passage
+in Goldsmith, but in his _Citizen of the World_, letter 53rd, he has a
+cognate idea:
+
+    "As in common conversation the best way to make the audience laugh is
+    by first laughing yourself, so in writing," &c.
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+    [Horace, _De Arte Poetica_, 102.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+MEDAL AND RELIC OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 293.)
+
+I possess a cast of this medal as described by your correspondent W.
+FRASER, but which is a little indistinct in some of the letters of its
+inscriptions. The yew-tree represented on it is generally supposed to be
+that which stood at Cruikston Castle nearly Paisley; and its motto "Vires"
+may perhaps have been intended to denote its natural strength and
+durability. The date of the medal being 1566, and Mary's marriage with Lord
+Darnly having taken place on July 29, 1565, the yew-tree may have been
+introduced to commemorate some incident of their courtship, and gives
+likelihood to the common tradition. I once had a small box composed partly
+of its wood, and of {445} that of the "Torwood Oak" near Stirling, which
+was presented to me about thirty-five years ago by an aged lady, whose
+property it had been for a long time previously, and who placed much value
+on it as a relic. Though visiting Cruikston Castle in early life, I never
+heard of there being any feeling of "superstition" connected with such
+little objects as the crosses, &c. which were long made from the wood of
+the yew-tree. They are all, I think, to be viewed simply as curiosities
+associated with the historical interest of the place, and similar examples
+are to be found among our people in the numerous _quaichs_ (drinking-cups)
+and other articles which have been formed from the "Torwood Oak" that
+protected the illustrious Sir William Wallace from his enemies; from his
+oak at Elderslie, said to have been planted by his hand, two miles to the
+west of Paisley; and lately from such scraps of the old oaken rafters of
+the Glasgow Cathedral as could be obtained in the course of its modern
+repairs.
+
+As respects the yew-tree immediately concerned, some notices of its remains
+may be found in a work entitled _The Severn Delineated_, by Charles Taylor,
+Glasgow, 1831, at page 82. The author, who was a very curious local
+antiquary, died in 1837, aged forty-two. As his book is now scarce, I may
+be excused from subjoining rather a long extract, but which also throws
+some light on other particulars of this subject:
+
+    "Retreating from Househill (a seat in the vicinity) to Cruikston
+    Castle, the country is rich, and the scenery delightful. The castle
+    itself might be the subject of volumes, as it has been the theme of
+    many a poet, and the subject of many a painter's pencil. Its name is
+    known all over the world, or may be so, from the circumstance of its
+    once having been the residence of Mary Queen of Scots and Henry Lord
+    Darnly; and though the famed yew-tree decks not now the 'hallowed
+    mould,' as the poet expresses himself,
+
+     'Is there an eye that tearless could behold
+      This lov'd retreat of beauty's fairest flower?'
+
+    About three years ago a large fragment fell from the south wing of this
+    ruin, despite of all the attention Sir John Maywell paid to keep it up.
+    The founder of this castle was one De Croc; hence the name Crockston,
+    Crocston, or Cruikston. This family (says Crawfurd), failing in ane
+    heiress, she was married to Sir Alexander Stewart of Torbolton, second
+    son to Walter, the second of that name, Great Stewart of Scotland, and
+    of this marriage are descended the families of Darnly and Lorn."
+
+Cruikston is now the property of Sir John Maywell of Nether Pollock. Of the
+trunk of the once--
+
+ "    .    .    .    .    .     green yew,
+  The first that met the royal Mary's view;
+  When bright in charms the youthful princess led
+  The graceful Darnly to her throne and bed."--
+
+Lady Maywell ordered to be made by an ingenious individual, at
+Pollockshaws, an exact model of the castle, and some table and other
+utensils, which are still in preservation at Pollock. Before its removal,
+many are the snuff-boxes, toddy ladles, &c. that have been made of it, and
+are still in preservation by the curious. The following couplet, composed
+by the late Mr. W. Craig, surgeon, is inscribed on one of these ladles,
+which has seen no little service:
+
+ "Near Cruikston Castle's stately tower,
+    For many a year I stood;
+  My shade was of the hallow'd bower;
+    Where Scotland's queen was woo'd."
+
+Another medal of Queen Mary's, of considerable size, of which I have seen a
+cast many years since, contained the following inscriptions:
+
+ "O God graunt patience in that I suffer vrang."
+
+The reverse has in the centre:
+
+ "Quho can compare with me in grief,
+  I die and dar nocht seek relief."
+
+With this legend around:
+
+ "Hourt not the [heart symbol] quhais [heart whose] joy thou art."
+
+    "They all appear [says Mr. Pinkerton] to have been done in France by
+    Mary's directions, who was fond of devices. Her cruel captivity could
+    not debar her from intercourse with her friends in France; who must
+    with pleasure have executed her orders as affording her a little
+    consolation."
+
+G. N.
+
+MR. FRASER'S supposed medal is a ryal (or possibly a ¾ ryal) of Mary and
+Henry, commonly known as a Cruickstown dollar; from the idea that the tree
+upon them is a representation of the famous yew-tree at Cruickstown Castle.
+It appears, however, from the ordinance for coining these pieces, that the
+tree is a "palm-tree crowned with a shell paddock (lizard) creeping up the
+stem of the same." The motto across the tree is "DAT GLORIA VIRES." (See
+Lindsay's _Scotch Coinage_, p. 51.)
+
+JOHN EVANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EARLY USE OF TIN.--DERIVATION OF THE NAME OF BRITAIN.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 344.)
+
+The reply of Dr. Hincks appears to require the following. While seeking
+information upon the first of these matters, I took up one of my old
+school-books, and at the foot of a page found the following note:
+"Britannia is from _Barat-anac_, the land of tin." I do not recollect to
+have seen it elsewhere; but it appeared to me so apt and correct that I
+adopted it at once.
+
+That the Shirutana of the Egyptian inscriptions, {446} or Shairetana, will
+be found to be the same people as the Cirátas of the Hindu Puranas, I have
+little doubt.
+
+Cirátas is there applied as a name to the people who were afterwards known
+to us as the Phoenicians; but that either the Shirutana or the Cirátas will
+be found to have discovered Britain, though they may have given it a name,
+I do not expect. The Cirátas were a people of a later age to that of the
+first inhabitants of Britain. The first inhabitants of Britain I call the
+Celtæ, as I know no other name for them; but there seems reason for
+thinking that this island was visited by an earlier tribe, though probably
+they were of the same race.
+
+The origin of the Cirátas and first inhabitants of Britain is this:--A
+powerful monarchy appears to have been established at the earliest dawn of
+history in the country we now call Persia, long before there was any
+Assyrian government, and under this monarchy that country was the true
+centre of population, of knowledge, of languages, and of arts. Three
+distinct races of men appear to have migrated in different directions from
+this their common country. One of these divides into two parts, one
+proceeding to the west, the other to the south-east of the place where the
+division took place. The western party passed through Asia Minor, and also
+by the north of the Black Sea, carrying with it all that was then known of
+the different arts and sciences, until we find the descendants at this day
+in the British Isles. The south-eastern party, also, continued its progress
+to the part now known to us as India, where its descendants may be found at
+this day. Long after the settlement in India, various tribes, all
+proceeding from it, migrated from that country to the parts now known to us
+as Egypt and Syria; and one of these tribes was the Cirátas.
+
+That the Cirátas, Shirutana, or Phoenicians, call them as you may, were the
+first who passed the Pillar of Hercules in ships on their way to obtain tin
+here at first-hand, is almost certain; and that the western party, as
+described above, had broken ground to supply it long before their customers
+came for it, is scarcely less so. They all had a common origin, and used
+nearly the same language, religion, and laws.
+
+My Query has brought out a highly satisfactory elucidation of the origin of
+the term _Britain_; and this, looking at the position in which that term
+stood on the day the last Number of "N. & Q." was published is by no means
+a slight acquisition. I now leave it.
+
+G. W.
+
+Stansted, Montfichet.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTORIAL EDITIONS OF THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 18. 91. 321.; Vol. viii., p. 318.)
+
+The following list may prove an acceptable addition to those already
+printed in your pages. Some of your correspondents perhaps will make it
+more complete:
+
+  1707. Oxford. 8vo. Plates by John Sturt.
+  1710. London. 8vo. Forty-four plates, with no engraver's name.
+  1712. Oxford. 8vo. Plates by Sturt.
+  1717. London. 8vo. Ruled with double red lines. Plates by Sturt.
+
+Lowndes speaks of a large paper impression in quarto of this same edition:
+"The volume consists of one hundred and sixty-six plates, besides
+twenty-two containing dedication, table, &c. Prefixed is a bust of King
+George I.; and facing it, those of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Sturt
+likewise published a set of fifty-five historical cuts for Common Prayer in
+small 8vo."
+
+    1738. London. 8vo. With Old Version of the Psalms; and forty-four
+    curious plates, including Gunpowder Treason, the Martyrdom of Charles
+    I., and Restoration of Charles II. (Booksellers' Catal.)
+
+    1794. London. Published by J. Good and E. Harding, with plates after
+    Stothard by Bartolozzi and others (Lowndes).
+
+Lowndes also mentions "Illustrations to the Book of Common Prayer by
+Richard Westall, London, 1813, 8 vo. (proofs) 4to.," and "Twelve
+illustrations to ditto, engraved by John Scott, from designs by Burney and
+Thurston, royal 8vo."
+
+I have reserved for more particular description two editions in my own
+possession:--One is a small 8vo., ruled with red lines: "In the Savoy,
+printed by the assignees of John Bill and Christopher Barker, Printers to
+the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1667." It contains fifty-nine plates:
+these are identical with those in the _Antiquitates Christianæ_, or Bishop
+Taylor's _Life of Christ_, and Cave's _Lives of the Apostles_ (folio
+editions), which, if I mistake not, were engraved by William Faithorn. The
+Act of Uniformity is given in black-letter. The Ordinal is wanting. The
+three State Services are not enumerated in the Table of Contents, but are
+added at the end of the book. The Old Version of the Psalms (with its usual
+quaint title), a tract of 104 pp., is appended: "London: printed by Thos.
+Newcomb for the Company of Stationers, 1671." The other edition is a 12mo.:
+"London, printed by Charles Bill and the Executrix of Thomas Newcomb
+deceased, Printers to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, 1708" (ruled with
+red lines). In the frontispiece is represented a female figure kneeling
+with a prayer book open before her: an angel {447} in the air holds a
+scroll, on which is inscribed, "The Liturgy of the Church of England,
+adorned with fifty-five historical cuts, P. La Vergne del., M. Van der
+Gucht sc." Beneath the picture, "Sold by Robt. Whitledge at the Bible in
+Ave Maria Lane, near Stationers' Hall."
+
+Some of the cuts are very curious, as No. 16., which represents the Devil
+(adorned with a crown, sceptre, and tail) standing on the top of a high
+conical rock, and our Blessed Lord at a little distance from him. The
+appearance and attitude of the Apostles are somewhat grotesque. One of the
+best is St. Philip (No. 39.), who is represented as a wrinkled, bearded old
+man, contemplating a crucifix in his hand.
+
+No. 51. is a picture of Guy Fawkes approaching the Parliament House, with a
+lantern in his hand. A large eye is depicted in the clouds above, which
+sheds a stream of light on the hand of the conspirator. No. 52. is "The
+Martyrdom of King Charles I." No. 53. "The Restoration of Monarchy and King
+Charles II." A number of cavaliers on horseback, with their conical hats
+and long tresses, occupy the foreground of this picture; the army appears
+in the background. This is the last, though the scroll advertises
+fifty-five cuts.
+
+The Prefaces and Calendar are printed in very small bad type. The four
+State Services are enumerated in the Table of Contents. After the State
+Services follow, "At the Healing;" the Thirty-nine Articles, and a Table of
+Kindred and Affinity. This edition neither contains the Ordinal nor a
+metrical version of the Psalms. Notwithstanding the date on the title-page,
+_King George_ is prayed for throughout the book, except in the service "For
+the Eighth Day of March," when Queen Anne's name occurs.
+
+Of the modern pictorial editions of the Book of Common Prayer may be
+mentioned that of Charles Knight "illustrated by nearly seven hundred
+beautiful woodcuts by Jackson, from drawings by Harvey, and six illuminated
+titles; with Explanatory Notes by the Rev. H. Stebbing," royal 8vo.,
+London, 1838; reprinted in 1846. That of Murray, "illuminated by Owen
+Jones, and illustrated with engravings from the works of the great
+masters," royal 8vo., London, 1845; reprinted in 1850 in med. 8vo. That of
+Whittaker in 12mo. and 8vo., "with notes and illuminations." The last, and
+by far the best, pictorial edition is that of J. H. Parker of Oxford, "with
+fifty illustrations; selected from the finest examples of the early Italian
+and modern German schools, by the Rev. H. J. Rose and Rev. J. W. Burgon."
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+YEW-TREES IN CHURCHYARDS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 346.)
+
+This has long been to me a vexed question, and I fear that none of your
+correspondents have given a satisfactory answer.
+
+I have seen in London sprigs of yew and palm willow offered for sale before
+Palm Sunday. At this period they may, I think, be always found in Covent
+Garden Market. I saw them last year also in the greengrocers' shops at
+Brighton. To me these are evident traces of an old custom of using the yew
+as well as the willow. The origin is to be found in the Jewish custom of
+carrying "branches of palm-trees, and boughs of _thick trees_, and willows
+from the brook" (Leviticus xxiii. 39, 40.).
+
+Wordsworth alludes to this in his sonnet on seeing a procession at
+Chamouny:
+
+ "The Hebrews thus carrying in joyful state
+  Thick boughs of palm and willows from the brook,
+  March'd round the altar--to commemorate
+  How, when their course they from the desert took,
+  Guided by signs which ne'er the sky forsook,
+  They lodged in leafy tents and cabins low,
+  Green boughs were borne."
+
+In _A Voyage from Leith to Lapland_, 1851, vol. i. p. 132., there is an
+account of the funeral of the poet Oehlenschläger. The author states,--
+
+    "The entire avenue was strewn, according to the old Scandinavian
+    custom, with evergreen boughs of fir, and bunches of fir and box,
+    mingled in some instances with artificial flowers. It is customary at
+    all funerals to strew evergreens before the door of the house where the
+    body lies, but it is only for some very distinguished person indeed
+    they are strewn all the way to the burial place."
+
+Forby, in his _East Anglican Vocabulary_, says it is a superstitious notion
+that--
+
+    "If you bring yew into the house at Christmas amongst the evergreens
+    used to dress it, you will have a death in the family before the end of
+    the year."
+
+I believe the yew will be found generally on the south side of the church,
+but always near the principal entrance, easy of access for the procession
+on Palm Sunday, and perhaps for funerals, and that it was used as a
+substitute for the palm, and coupled with "the willow from the brook,"
+hence called the palm willow.
+
+A HOLT WHITE.
+
+P. S.--I cannot agree with your correspondent J. G. CUMMING, that the yew
+is one of "our few evergreens." I doubt our having in England any native
+evergreen but the holly.
+
+The etymology of the name of the yew-tree clearly shows that it was not
+planted in churchyards as an emblem of evil, but one of immortality. The
+name of the tree in Celtic is _jubar_, pronounced _yewar_, _i. e._ "the
+evergreen head." The town of {448} Newry in Ireland took its name from two
+yew-trees which St. Patrick planted: _A-Niubaride_, pronounced _A-Newery_,
+_i. e._ "the yew-trees," which stood until Cromwell's time, when some
+soldiers ruthlessly cut them down.
+
+In the Note by MR. J. G. CUMMING, a derivation is evidently required for
+the English word _yeoman_, which he suggests is taken from "yokeman."
+Yeoman is from _e[=o]_, pronounced _yo_, _i. e._ free, worthy, respectable,
+as opposed to the terms _villein_, serf, &c.; so that yeoman means a
+freeman, a respectable person.
+
+FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OSBORN FAMILY.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 270.)
+
+Mr. H. T. Griffith asks where may any pedigree of the _Osborne_ family,
+previous to Edward Osborne, the ancestor of the Dukes of Leeds, be seen. In
+reply, I am in possession of large collections relating to the Norman
+Osbornes, from whom I have reasons to believe him to have been descended.
+Those Osbornes can be proved to have been settled in certain of the midland
+counties of England from the time of the attainder and downfall of the son
+of William Fitzosborne, Earl of Hereford and premier peer, down to a
+comparatively late period. A branch of them was possessed of the manor of
+Kelmarsh in Northamptonshire; and their pedigree, beginning in 1461, may be
+seen in Whalley's _Northamptonshire_: but this is necessarily very
+imperfect, on account of the author's want of access to documents which
+have subsequently been opened to the public.
+
+I may here notice that an inexcusable error has been committed and repeated
+in several of the collections of records published by the Parliamentary
+Commission, who have, in numerous instances, and without any warrant,
+interpreted _Osb._ of the MSS. as "Osbert." Thus they have deprived
+_Fitzosborne_, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1102), of some of his manors, and
+within his own diocese, and conferred them on _Osbert the Bishop_, although
+there never was a bishop of that name in England. I took the liberty of
+pointing out this error to one of the chief editors concerned in these
+works; but as he has taken no notice of my observations, I must infer that
+he thinks it most prudent to excite no farther inquiry.
+
+The _Osborns_, now so numerous in London, appear to have come from the
+Danish stem from which the Norman branch was originally derived. Their
+number, which has increased even beyond the ordinary ratio of the
+population, may perhaps be dated from the wife of one of them who (temp.
+Jac. I.) had twenty-four sons, and was interred in old St. Paul's.
+
+I shall be very happy to afford any assistance in my power to the gentleman
+who has occasioned these remarks.
+
+OMICRON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., pp. 454. 603.; Vol. viii., pp. 108. 248.)
+
+Many thanks are due to your correspondent CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A., for his
+interesting series of inscriptions on bells. The following are, I think,
+sufficiently curious to be added to your collection:--
+
+Rouen Cathedral:
+
+    "In the steeple of the great church, in the citie of Roane in Normandy,
+    is one great bell with the like inscription." [Like, that is, to the
+    inscription at St. Stephen's, Westminster: see "N. & Q." Vol. viii., p.
+    108.]
+
+ "Je suis George de Ambois,
+  Qui trente-cinque mille pois;
+  Mes luis qui me pesera,
+  Trente-six mille me trouvera."
+
+ "I am _George of Ambois_,
+  Thirtie-five thousand in pois;
+  But he that shall weigh me,
+  Thirty-six thousand shall find me."--Weever, _Fun. Mon_., edit. fol.
+      1631, p. 492.
+
+St. Matthew, Great Milton, Oxfordshire:
+
+  1. "I as treble begin.
+  3. "I was third ring.
+  8. (Great bell) "I to church the living call, and to the grave do
+      summons."
+
+Inscription suggested as being suitable for six bells, in the
+_Ecclesiologist_ (New Series), vol. i. p. 209.:
+
+  1. "Ave Pater, Rex, Creator:
+  2. Ave Fili, Lux, Salvator:
+      3. Ave Pax et Charitas.
+  4. Ave Simplex, Ave Trine;
+  5. Ave Regnans sine fine,
+      6. Ave Sancta Trinitas."
+
+Inscriptions are often to be found in Lombardic characters, and on bells of
+great antiquity. Can any of your ecclesiological correspondents furnish me
+with the date of the earliest known example?
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+On bells in Southrepps Church, Norfolk:
+
+    "Tuba ad Juditium. Campana ad Ecclesiam, 1641."
+
+    "Miserere mei Jhesus Nazarenus Rex Judæorum."
+
+J. L. SISSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADIES' ARMS BORNE IN A LOZENGE.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83. 277. 329.)
+
+I broached a theory with a concluding remark that it would give me great
+pleasure to see one more reasonable take its place. I fear that, if all
+your readers anxious to clear up an obscure point in an interesting science
+take no more trouble than P. P., we shall find ourselves no {449} nearer
+our object in the middle of your eightieth volume than we are now in your
+eighth.
+
+What P. P. is pleased to term the "routine" reason is after all but one
+among many, and is not better substantiated than some of the others quoted
+by me; for though the lozenge has a "supposed" resemblance to the distaff
+or fusil, heraldically it is but a supposed one, and by most writers the
+difference is very distinctly indicated.
+
+Boyer says:
+
+    "A fusil is a bearing in heraldry made in the form of a spindle, with
+    its yarn or thread wound about it. _Fusils are longer than lozenges_,
+    and taper or pointed at both ends."
+
+The same author thus describes a lozenge:
+
+    "A Rhimbus, in geometry, is a figure of four equal and parallel sides,
+    but not rectangular."
+
+Robson says:
+
+    "Fusil, a kind of spindle used in spinning. Its formation should be
+    particularly attended to, _as few painters or engravers make a
+    sufficient distinction between the fusil and lozenge_."
+
+Nisbet describes a lozenge to be--
+
+    "A figure that has equal sides and unequal angles, as the quarry of a
+    glass window placed erect pointways."
+
+He adds:
+
+    "The Latins say, 'Lozengæ factæ sunt ad modum lozangiorum in vitreis.'
+    Heralds tell us that their use in armories came from the pavement of
+    marble stones of churches, fine palaces and houses, cut after the form
+    of lozenges, which pavings the French and Italians call loze and the
+    Spaniards _loza_."
+
+Sylvester de Petra-Sancta of the lozenge says much the same:
+
+    "Scutulas oxigonias scu acutangulus erectas, et quasi gradiles, referri
+    debere ad latericias et antiquas domus olim, viz. Nobilium quia vulgus,
+    et infamiæ sortis homines, intra humiles casus, vet antra
+    inhabitantur."
+
+Of the fusil Nisbet writes:
+
+    "The fusil is another Rhombular figure like the lozenge, but more long
+    than broad, and its upper and lower points are more acute than the two
+    side points."
+
+He adds that:
+
+    "Chassanus and others make their sides round, as in his description of
+    them: 'Fusæ sunt acutæ in superiore et inferiore partibus, et rotundæ
+    ex utroque latere;' which description has occasioned some English
+    heralds, when so painted or engraven, to call them millers' picks, as
+    Sir John Boswell, in his _Concords of Armory_, and others, to call them
+    weavers' shuttles."
+
+Menestrier says of lozenges:
+
+    "Lozange est une figure de quatre pointes, dont deux sont un peu plus
+    étendues que les autres, et assise sur une de ces pointes. C'est le
+    Rhomb des mathématiciens, et les quarreaux des vitres ordinaires en ont
+    la figure."
+
+Of fusils:
+
+    "Fusées sont plus étendues en longue que les lozanges, et affilées en
+    point comme les fuseaux. Elles sont pièces d'architecture où l'on se
+    sert pour ornement de fusées et de pesons."
+
+The celebrated _Boke of St. Albans_ (1486) thus describes the difference
+between a lozenge and fusil:
+
+    "Knaw ye y^e differans betwix ffusillis and losyng. Wherefore it is to
+    be knaw that ffusillis ar euermore long, also fusyllis ar strattyr
+    ouerwart in the baly then ar mascules. And mascules ar larger ou'wartt
+    in the baly, and shorter in length than be fusyllis."
+
+The mascle is afterwards explained to be the lozenge pierced. Again:
+
+    "And ye most take thys for a general enformacion and instruccion that
+    certanli losyng eu'more stand upright ... and so withowte dowte we have
+    the differans of the foresayd signes, that is to wete of mascules and
+    losynges."
+
+Dallaway, an elegant writer on Heraldry, says:
+
+    "Of the lozenge the following extraordinary description is given in a
+    MS. of Glover, 'Lozenga est pars vitri in vitrea fenestra.' But it may
+    be more satisfactory to observe that the lozenge, with its diminutive,
+    are given to females instead of an escocheon for the insertion of their
+    armorial bearings, one of which is supposed to have been a cushion of
+    that shape, and the other is evidently the spindle used in spinning;
+    both demonstrative of the sedentary employments of women. On a very
+    splendid brass for Eleanor, relict of Thomas of Woodstocke, who died
+    1384, she is delineated as resting her head upon two cushions, the
+    upper of which is placed lozenge-wise."--P. 140.
+
+The above is taken from his _Miscellaneous Observations on Heraldic
+Ensigns_, the following from the body of his great work:
+
+    "Females being heirs, or conveying feodal lordships to their husbands,
+    had, as early as the thirteenth century, the privilege of armorial
+    seals. The variations were progressive and frequent; at first the
+    female effigy had the kirtle or inner garment emblazoned, or held the
+    escocheon over her head, or in her right hand; then three escocheons
+    met in the centre, or four were joined at their bases, if the alliance
+    admitted of so many. Dimidiation, accollation, and impalement succeeded
+    each other at short intervals. But the modern practice of placing the
+    arms of females upon a lozenge appears to have originated about the
+    middle of the fourteenth century, when we have an instance of five
+    lozenges conjoined upon one seal; that of the heir female in the centre
+    impaling the arms of her husband, and surrounded by those of her
+    ancestors."--P. 400.
+
+I think this quotation from so learned a writer goes far towards settling
+the whole question. I confess myself willing to have my theory placed
+second to this, while I must discard the "distaff" {450} notion, unless
+better substantiated than by the French saying from their Salique law,
+which I here give for P. P.'s information: "Nunquam corona a lance
+transibit ad fusum." I am willing to admit the antiquity of this notion;
+for while the shape of the man's shield is traced by Sylvanus Morgan to
+Adam's spade, he takes the woman's from Eve's spindle!
+
+ "When Adam delved, and Eve span,
+  Who was then the gentleman?"
+
+In Geoffry Chaucer's time the lozenge appears to have been an ornament worn
+by heralds in their dress or crown. In describing the habit of one, he
+says:
+
+ "They crowned were as kinges
+  With crowns wrought full of lozenges
+  And many ribbons and many fringes."
+
+As for the difference between the lozenge and fusil, I could multiply
+opinions and examples, but hope those given will be sufficient.
+
+I cannot conclude these few hasty remarks without expressing a wish that
+one of your correspondents in particular would take up this subject, to
+handle which in a masterly manner, his position is a guaranty of his
+ability. I refer to the gentleman holding the office of York Herald.
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE MYRTLE BEE.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 173.)
+
+From a very early period, and throughout life, I have been accustomed to
+shooting, and well remember the bird in question, but whether the term was
+local or general, I am unable to state, never having met with it save in
+one locality; and many years have elapsed since I saw one, although in the
+habit of frequenting the neighbourhood where it was originally to be seen.
+I attribute its disappearance to local causes. I met with it during a
+series of years, ending about twenty-five years since, at which period I
+lost sight of it. It was to be met with during the autumn and winter in
+bogs scattered over with bog myrtle, on Chobham and the adjacent common; I
+never met with it elsewhere. It is solitary. I am unacquainted with its
+food, and only in a single instance had I ever one in my hand. Its tongue
+is pointed, sharp, and appearing capable of penetration. Its colour
+throughout dusky light blue, slightly tinged with yellow about the vent.
+Tail about one inch, being rather long in proportion to the body, causing
+the wings to appear forward, with a miniature pheasant-like appearance as
+it flew, or rather darted, from bush to bush, with amazing quickness, its
+wings moving with rapidity, straight in its flight, keeping near the
+ground, appearing loth to wing, never passing an intervening bush if ever
+so near; and I never saw one fly over eight or ten yards, and never wing a
+second time, which induced our dogs (using a sporting phrase) to puzzle
+them, causing a belief that they were in most instances trodden under the
+water and grass in which the myrtle grew, and which nothing but a dog could
+approach. I never saw one sitting or light on a branch of the myrtle, but
+invariably flying from the _base_ of one plant to that of another. I am not
+aware that any cabinet contains a preserved specimen, or that the bird has
+ever been noticed by any naturalist as a British or foreign bird.
+
+Should W. R. D. S. covet farther information as to the probable cause of
+its disappearance, and my never having met with it elsewhere, perhaps he
+will favour me with his address. I cannot think the bird extinct.
+
+C. BROWN.
+
+Egham, Surrey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CAPTAIN JOHN DAVIS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 385.)
+
+The earliest memoir of captain John Davis, the celebrated arctic navigator,
+is that given by the reverend John Prince in his DANMONII ORIENTALES
+ILLUSTRES, _or the worthies of Devon_, Exeter, 1701, folio. It is, however,
+erroneous and defective in important particulars, and has misled some
+eminent writers, as Campbell, Eyriès, Barrow, &c.
+
+Despite the assertions of master Prince, I _question_ if captain Davis
+married a daughter of sir John Fulford; I am _sure_ he was not the first
+pilot who conducted the Hollanders to the East-Indies; I am sure the
+journal of the voyage is not printed in Hakluyt; I am sure the narrative of
+his voyage with sir Edward Michelborne is neither dedicated to the earl of
+Essex nor printed in Hakluyt; I am sure he did not write the _Rutter, or
+brief directions for sailing into the East-Indies_; I am sure he wrote two
+works of which Prince says nothing; I am sure he did not make _five_
+voyages to the East-Indies; and I am sure, to omit other oversights, that
+he did not "return home safe again." To the latter point I shall now
+confine myself.
+
+In 1604 king James, regardless of the charter held by the East-India
+company, granted a license to sir Edward Michelborne, one of his
+gentlemen-pensioners, to discover and trade with the "countries and
+domynions of Cathaia, China, Japan," &c. This license, preserved in the
+Rolls-chapel, is dated the twenty-fifth of June. On the fifth of December
+sir Edward set sail from Cowes with the Tiger, a ship of 240 tons, and a
+pinnace--captain Davis being, as I conceive, the _second_ in command. In
+December 1605, being near the island of Bintang, they fell in with a junk
+of 70 tons, carrying ninety Japanese, most of them {451} "in too gallant a
+habit for saylers:" in fact, they were pirates! The unfortunate result
+shall now be stated in the words of the _pirate_ Michelborne:
+
+    "Vpon mutuall courtesies with gifts and feastings betweene vs,
+    sometimes fiue and twentie or sixe and twentie of their chiefest came
+    aboord: whereof I vould not suffer aboue sixe to have weapons. Their
+    was neuer the like number of our men aboord their iunke. I willed
+    captaine John Dauis in the morning [the twenty-seventh of December] to
+    possesse himselfe of their weapons, and to put the companie before
+    mast, and to leave some guard on their weapons, while they searched in
+    the rice, doubting that by searching and finding that which would
+    dislike them, they might suddenly set vpon my men, and put them to the
+    sword: as the sequell prooued. Captaine Dauis being beguiled with their
+    humble semblance, would not possesse himselfe of their weapons, though
+    I sent twice of purpose from my shippe to will him to doe it. They
+    passed all the day, my men searching in the rice, and they looking on:
+    at the sunne-setting, after long search and nothing found, saue a
+    little storax and beniamin: they seeing oportunitie, and talking to the
+    rest of their companie which were in my ship, being neere to their
+    iunke, they resolued, at a watch-word betweene them, to set vpon vs
+    resolutely in both ships. This being concluded, they suddenly killed
+    and droue ouer-boord, all my men that were in their ship; and those
+    which were aboord my ship sallied out of my cabbin, where they were
+    put, with such weapons as they had, finding certaine targets in my
+    cabbin, and other things that they vsed as weapons. My selfe being
+    aloft on the decke, knowing what was likely to follow, leapt into the
+    waste, where, with the boate swaines, carpenter and some few more, wee
+    kept them vnder the halfe-decke. At their first comming forth of the
+    cabbin, they met captain Dauis comming out of the gun-roome, whom they
+    pulled into the cabbin, and giuing him sixe or seuen mortall wounds,
+    they thrust him out of the cabbin before them. His wounds were so
+    mortall, that he dyed assoone as he came into the waste."--Purchas, i.
+    137.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Clouds in Photographs._--I wish one of your photographic correspondents
+would inform me, how _clouds_ can be put into photographs taken on paper?
+Mr. Buckle's photographs all contain _clouds_?
+
+[Sigma].
+
+"_The Stereoscope considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular
+Vision_" is the title of a small pamphlet written by a frequent contributor
+to this journal, Mr. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, in which he has "attempted to
+sketch out such modifications of the theory of double vision as appear to
+him to be entailed on the rationale of the stereoscope." The corroboration
+thus indirectly afforded to the principles of Sir William Hamilton's
+_Philosophy of Perception_ has induced MR. INGLEBY to dedicate his word to
+that distinguished metaphysician. The essay will, we have no doubt, be
+perused with great interest by many of our photographic friends, for whose
+gratification we shall borrow its concluding paragraph.
+
+    "In conclusion we must not forget to acknowledge our obligations to the
+    photographic art, not merely as one of the most suggestive results of
+    natural science, but as a means of the widest and soundest utility. To
+    antiquaries the services of photography have a unique value, for, by
+    perpetuating in the form of negatives those monuments of nature and art
+    which, though exempt from common accident, are still subject to gradual
+    decay from time, it places in the hands of us all microscopically exact
+    antitypes of objects which, from change or distance, are otherwise
+    inaccessible. To the artist they afford the means of facilitating the
+    otherwise laborious, and often mechanical, task of drawing in detail
+    from nature and from the human figure.
+
+    "To the physician, to the naturalist, and to the man of science, the
+    uses of photography are various and important, and already the
+    discoveries which have been directly due to this modern art are of
+    stupendous utility.
+
+    "To the metaphysician, its uses may be sufficiently gleaned from the
+    applications considered in the preceding pages. But to all these
+    classes of men the photographic art derives its chief glory from its
+    application to the stereoscope; and if, for elucidating the principles
+    of vision by means of this application, we have in any degree given a
+    stimulus to the practice and improvement of the photographic processes,
+    our pains have been happily and fruitfully bestowed."
+
+_Muller's Processes._--Would you inform me, through the medium of "N. &
+Q.," what manufacture of paper is best adapted to the two processes of Mr.
+Muller? I have tried several: with some I find that the combination of
+their starch with the iodide of iron causes a dark precipitate upon the
+face of the paper; and with those papers prepared with size, there appears
+to me great difficulty (in his improved process after the paper is
+moistened with aceto-nitrate of silver) to procure an equal distribution of
+the iodide over its surface, as it invariably dries or runs off parts of
+the paper, or is repelled by spots of size on the paper when dipped in the
+iodide of iron bath.--A reply to the foregoing question would greatly
+oblige
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+Essex.
+
+_Positives on Glass._--Sometimes, when your sitter is gone, and you hold
+your portrait up to the light to examine its density, you find in the face
+and other parts which are dark, so viewed, minute _transparent_ specks,
+scarcely bigger than a pin's point. When the picture is backed with black
+lacquer, you have consequently small _black_ spots, which deform the
+positive, especially when viewed through a lens of short focus. A friend of
+mine {452} cures this defect very easily. After having applied the amber
+varnish, he stops out the spots with a little oil-paint that matches the
+lights of the picture; of course the paint is put upon the varnished side
+of the glass. When the paint is dry, the black lacquer is carried over the
+whole as usual.
+
+T. D. EATON.
+
+Norwich.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Peculiar Ornament in Crosthwaite Church_ (Vol. viii., p. 200.).--I am
+exceedingly obliged to CHEVERELLS for his reply to any Query. I am sorry to
+say that I failed to make a note of the number of the circles; but, as far
+as I can remember, there are six windows in each aisle, so in all there
+would be twenty-four, each window having two carved upon it, one on the
+right jamb without, and the other on the left within.
+
+R. W. ELLIOT.
+
+Clifton.
+
+_Nursery Rhymes_ (Vol. viii., p. 455.).--I would suggest to L. that a
+consideration of _rhymes_ may sometimes indicate, by the change in the
+pronunciation, the antiquity of the verse e.g.,
+
+ "Hush aby, baby, on the green _bough_,
+  When the wind blows the cradle will _rock_,
+  And when the bough breaks," &c.
+
+Here, according to modern pronunciation, the rhymes of the first couplet
+are imperfect, so that it was probably composed in the Saxon era, or while
+the word _bough_ was still pronounced _bog_ or _bock_.
+
+J. R.
+
+_Milton's Widow_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134.
+200.).--Reading up my arrears of "N. & Q.," which a long absence from
+England has caused to accumulate, I find frequent inquiries made for some
+information which I once promised, relative to Milton's widow. I fear that
+your correspondents on this subject have formed an exaggerated idea of the
+importance of the expected note, and that they will see but a "ridiculus
+mus" after all. As I have no means at hand at the present moment wherewith
+to attempt to elucidate the Minshull genealogy, I shall content myself by
+simply sending my original notes, namely, brief abstracts of the wills of
+Thomas and Nathan Paget preserved at Doctors' Commons.
+
+Thomas Paget, minister of the gospel at Stockport, in Cheshire, makes his
+will May 23, 1660; mentions his three daughters Dorothy, Elizabeth, and
+Mary; and leaves estates at different places in Shropshire to his two sons,
+Dr. Nathan and Thomas, whom he appoints his executors. He entreats _his
+cousin Minshull, apothecarie in Manchester_, to be overseer of his will,
+which was proved October 16, 1660.
+
+[I have before (Vol. v., p. 327.) shown the connexion between the Pagets
+and Manchester.]
+
+Nathan Paget, Doctor in Medicine, will dated January 7, 1678, was then
+living in the parish of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, leaves
+certain estates, and his house in London where he resided, to his brother
+Thomas Paget, clerk. Bequests to his cousin John Goldsmith of the Middle
+Temple, gent., and _his cousin Elizabeth Milton_, to the Society of
+Physicians, and the poor of the parish of St. Stephen's. Will proved
+January 15, 1678.
+
+I have omitted to note _what_ the bequests were. I will only add, that some
+time ago I dropped my _alias_ of CRANMORE, and have occasionally appeared
+in your sixth Volume as
+
+ARTHUR PAGET.
+
+_Watch-paper Inscriptions_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).---I recollect, when at
+school, having an old silver watch with the following printed lines inside
+the case:
+
+ "Time is--the present moment well employ;
+  Time was--is past--thou canst not it enjoy;
+  Time future--is not, and may never be;
+  Time present--is the only time for thee."
+
+JNO. D. ALLCROFT.
+
+_Poetical Tavern Signs_ (Vol. viii., p. 242.).--May I add to those
+mentioned by your correspondent MR. WARDE, one at Chatham. On the
+sign-board is painted "an arm embowed, holding a malt-shovel," underneath
+which is written,--
+
+ "Good malt makes good beer,
+  Walk in, and you'll find it here."
+
+G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH.
+
+Star Hill, Rochester.
+
+At a small inn in Castleton, near Whitby, the sign represents Robin Hood
+and Little John in their usual forest costume, and underneath appear the
+following doggerel lines:
+
+ "To gentlemen and yeomen good,
+  Come in and drink with Robin Hood;
+  If Robin Hood is not at home,
+  Come in and drink with Little John."
+
+F. M.
+
+_Parish Clerks' Company_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--The hall is in Silver
+Street, Wood Street; the beadle is Mr. Bullard, No. 9. Grocers' Hall Court,
+Poultry.
+
+If the circulars of the company were attended to, a great service would be
+rendered to the public; but as there are about one hundred and sixty
+churches in the metropolis, the chance of a parish clerk finding any
+particular marriage, &c. is, at the best, but as one to one hundred and
+sixty. Besides this, the parish registers are generally in the custody of
+the clergyman, and it is therefore feared that the searches are but too
+often {453} neglected, unless the reward is sufficiently tempting to induce
+the loss of time and the probability of an unsuccessful examination.
+
+JOHN S. BURN.
+
+"_Elijah's Mantle_" (Vol. viii., p. 295.).--James Sayers, Esq., a solicitor
+of Staple Inn, was the author of this beautiful poem, and he was also the
+reputed author of some of Gilray's best caricatures.
+
+SUUM CUIQUE.
+
+_Histories of Literature_ (Vol. viii., p. 222.).--In addition to the works
+of Hallam, Maitland, and Berrington mentioned by you, I would recommend
+your correspondent ILMONASTERIENSIS to procure an _anonymous_ publication,
+entitled _An Introduction to the Literary History of the Fourteenth and
+Fifteenth Centuries_, London, 1798, 8vo. It is a much neglected work,
+replete with interesting information relative to the state of literature
+during the dark ages. I observe a copy in calf, marked 4s. 6d. in a
+bookseller's catalogue published lately in this city.
+
+T. G. S.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+_Birthplace of General Monk_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).--I regret to find I am
+in error in saying that Lysons positively assigns Landcross as Monk's
+birthplace in the _Magna Britannia_.
+
+The mistake is of slight import as respects the Query, but accuracy in
+citing authorities is at least desirable, and ought (in common justice) to
+be ever most scrupulously regarded.
+
+"General Monk _appears_ to have been a native of this village; he was
+baptised at Lancras, December 11, 1608," is, I find, the actual passage,
+the substance of which (writing in Germany, far from any means of
+reference), at the time believed I was more correctly quoting.
+
+F. KYFFIN LENTHALL.
+
+Reform Club.
+
+_Books chained to Desks in Churches_ (Vol. viii., pp. 93. 273.).--In the
+library of St. Walburg's Church at Zutphen, consisting chiefly of Bibles
+and other Latin works, the books are fastened to the desks by iron chains.
+This was done, it is said, to prevent the Evil One from stealing them, a
+crime of which he had been repeatedly guilty. The proof of this is found in
+the stone-floor, where his foot-marks are impressed, and still show the
+direction of his march: they also teach us the important fact, that the
+feet of his tenebrious majesty are very like those of a large dog, and do
+not, as is generally supposed, resemble those of a horse.--From the
+_Navorscher_.
+
+L. V. H.
+
+In the chancel of Leyland Church, Lancashire, are four folio books chained
+to a window seat which makes a sloping desk for them: they are Foxe's
+_Martyrs_ and Jewell's _Apology_, both in black-letter, title-pages torn,
+and much worn; and a _Preservative against Popery_, in 2 vols., dated 1738.
+
+P. P.
+
+A copy of the Bible was formerly affixed by a chain in Wimborne Minster,
+Dorset, but has been removed to a certain library.
+
+The covers of a book are chained to a desk in the church of Kettering; the
+book itself is gone.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+In the parish church of Borden, near Sittingbourne, Kent, a copy of _Comber
+on the Common Prayer_ is chained to a stand in the chancel.
+
+ESTA.
+
+_Pedigree Indices_ (Vol. viii., p. 317.).--If CAPTAIN wishes to make a
+search for a pedigree in the libraries at Cambridge, he will learn from the
+MSS. Catalogue of 1697 in which of the libraries MS. volumes of heraldry
+and genealogy ought to be found; he should then apply, either through some
+master of arts, or with a proper letter of introduction in his hand, to the
+librarian for leave to search the volumes. He will find that generally
+every facility is afforded him which the safe keeping of historical
+evidences allows. He will do well to select term-time for the period of
+making a search; and before seeking admission to a college librarian, it
+will be found convenient to both parties for him to give a day's notice, by
+letter or card, to the librarian, who has often occupations and engagements
+that cannot always be got rid of at the call of a chance visitor.
+
+CANTAB.
+
+There are not any published genealogical tables showing the various kindred
+of William of Wykeham or Sir Thomas White similar to those contained in the
+_Stemmata Chicheliana_. A few descents of kindred of Sir Thomas White may
+be seen in Ashmole's _History of Berkshire_, 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+G.
+
+_Portrait of Hobbes_ (Vol. viii. p 368.).--I have an etching (size about 6½
+in. by 8½ in.) inscribed:
+
+    "Vera et Viva Effigies THOMÆ HOBBES, Malmesburiensis."
+
+and under this:
+
+    "I. Bapt. Caspar pinxit; W. Hollar fecit aqua forti, 1665."
+
+It is a half-length portrait, and represents Hobbes uncovered, with his
+hands folded in his robe; and is without any arch or other ornament.
+
+Did Caspar paint more than one portrait of Hobbes? Is this the one
+mentioned by Hollar, in his letter dated 1661, quoted by MR. SINGER.
+
+WM. MCCREE.
+
+_Tenets or Tenents_ (Vol. vii., p.205.; Vol. viii., p. 330.).--Were there
+two editions of the _Vulgar Errors_ published in the same year, 1646? For
+my copy, "printed by T. H. for Edward Dod, and {454} are to be sold in Ivie
+Lane, 1646," and which I have always supposed to be of the first edition,
+has "Tenents," very distinctly, on the title-page. On the fly-leaf,
+opposite to the title-page, is the approbation of John Downame, dated March
+14, 1645, and commencing thus:
+
+    "I have perused these learned animadversions upon the common tenets and
+    opinions of men," &c.
+
+H. T. G.
+
+Hull.
+
+_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vii., pp. 23. 190. 588.; Vol. viii., pp. 38.
+162.).--Over a house in Hexham, in the street called Gilligate, is the
+following inscription:
+
+         "C. D.   1683.   J. D.
+
+  Reason doth wonder, but Faith he tell can,
+  That a maid was a mother, and God was a man.
+  Let Reason look down, and Faith see the wonder;
+  For Faith sees above, and Reason sees under.
+  Reason doth wonder what by Scripture is meant,
+  Which says that Christ's body is our Sacrament:
+  That our bread is His body, and our drink is His blood,
+  Which cannot by Reason be well understood;
+  For Faith sees above, and Reason below,
+  For Faith can see more than Reason doth know."
+
+CEYREP.
+
+The following is reported to have been inscribed by the Pope (1725) over
+the gate of the Apostolical Chancery:
+
+ "Fide Deo--dic sæpe preces--peccare caveto--
+    Sit humilis--pacem delige--magna fuge--
+  Multa audi--dic pauca--tace secreta--minori
+    Parcito--majori cedito--ferto parem.
+  Propria fac--non differ opus--sis æquas egeno--
+    Parta tuere--pati disce--memento mori."
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+_Hour-glass Stand_ (Vol. vii., p. 489.; Vol. viii., pp. 82. 209.
+328.).--There is an hour-glass stand attached to the right-hand side of the
+pulpit of Edingthorpe Church, Norfolk. The date of the pulpit is 1632.
+
+I. L. S.
+
+_Bulstrode Whitlock and Whitelocke Bulstrode_ (Vol. viii., p.
+293.).--Bulstrode Whitlock was the son of Sir James Whitlock, Kt., by
+Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Bulstrode, of Hedgley-Bulstrode, in the
+county of Buckingham; and Whitelocke Bulstrode was the son of Sir Richard,
+eldest son of the above-mentioned Edward Bulstrode. (See _Lives of the
+Lords Chancellors, &c_., by an Impartial Hand, vol. ii p. 1.; and
+Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_.)
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Movable Metal Types anno 1435_ (Vol. vii., p. 405.).--Although I am not
+able to give any information concerning Sister Margarite, or the convent at
+Mur, I yet may observe, 1st, that the last three letters of the legend - -
+K can hardly refer to Laurens Janzroon Coster, for his name in 1435 was
+never spelt with K, but always with C; and, besides, if a proper name be
+here intended, it will certainly be that of the binder. 2ndly, that in the
+catalogue of the Haarlem City Library, from p. 77. to 112., mention is made
+of six works, which, though bearing no date, were, it is more than
+probable, printed with movable metal types before 1435. One of these,
+_Aelii Donati Grammaticæ Latinæ Fragmenta duo_, was printed before 1425,
+and the writer of the catalogue adds in his notes:
+
+    "Ipsos typos, quibus hæ lamellæ sunt excusæ, fuisse _mobiles_, cum
+    nonnullæ literæ inversæ evidenter testantur, tum omnium expertissimorum
+    typographorum reique typographicæ peritissimorum arbitrûm, qui has
+    lacinias contemplati sunt, unanima et constans affirmavit sententia.
+    Quin et _fusos_ eos esse perhibuerunt plurimi, et in his Koningius,
+    magno quamvis studio negaverat typorum ligneorum mobilium acerrimus
+    propugnator Meermannus."
+
+From the _Navorscher_. CONSTANTEE.
+
+_Oaken Tombs_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.; Vol. viii., p. 179.).--In the chancel of
+Brancepeth Church, co. Durham, are oaken effigies of a Lord and Lady
+Neville, of which the following is a description. The figure of the man is
+in a coat of mail, the hands elevated with gauntlets, wearing his casque,
+which rests on a bull's or buffalo's head, a collar round his neck studded
+with gems, and on the breast a shield with the arms of Neville. The female
+figure has a high crowned bonnet, and the mantle is drawn close over the
+feet, which rest on two dogs couchant. The tomb is ornamented with small
+figures of ecclesiastics at prayer, but is without inscription. Leland
+(_Itin._, i. 80.) says:
+
+    "In the paroche church of Saint Brandon, at Branspeth, be dyvers tumbes
+    of the Nevilles. In the quire is a high tumbe, of one of them porturid
+    with his wife. This Neville lakkid heires male, wherapoan great
+    concertation rose betwixt the next heire male, and one the Gascoynes."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+_Stafford Knot_ (Vol. viii., p. 220.).--It was the badge or cognisance of
+the house of Stafford, Earls of Stafford.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Hand in Bishop's Cannings Church_ (Vol. viii., p. 269.).--See an article
+on this "Manus Meditationis," with a copy of the inscription, in the
+_Ecclesiologist_, vol. v. p. 150.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Arms of Richard, King of the Romans_ (Vol. viii, p.265.).--I think it
+might be proved that the border refers not to Poitou (which is represented
+{455} by the crowned lion), but to Cornwall, the ancient feudal arms of
+which are _Sable, fifteen bezants_, referring, as it would seem, to its
+metallic treasures. See an article on the numerous arms derived from those
+of this Richard, in the appendix to Mr. Lower's _Curiosities of Heraldry_.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Burial in an erect Position_ (Vol. viii., pp. 59. 233.).--So Ben Jonson
+was buried at Westminster, probably on account of the large fee demanded
+for a full-sized grave. It was long supposed by many that the story was
+invented to account for the smallness of the gravestone; but the grave
+being opened a few years ago, the dramatist's remains were discovered in
+the attitude indicated by tradition.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+In the _Ingoldsby Legends_, vol. i. p. 106., we have:
+
+ "No!--Tray's humble tomb would look but shabby
+ 'Mid the sculptured shrines of that gorgeous Abbey.
+      Besides, in the place
+      They say there's not space
+  To bury what wet-nurses call 'a Babby.'
+  Even 'rare Ben Jonson,' that famous wight,
+  I am told, is interr'd there bolt upright,
+  In just such a posture, beneath his bust,
+  As Tray used to sit in to beg for a crust."
+
+Is there any authority for the statement?
+
+ERICA.
+
+_Wooden Effigies_ (Vol. viii., p. 255.).--These are by no means uncommon,
+though it is to be feared that many have perished within comparatively
+recent times. In the church of Clifton Reynes, Bucks, there are wooden
+effigies of two knights of the Reynes family with their wives.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Wedding Divination_ (Vol. vii., p. 545.).--The following mediæval
+superstition may be quoted as a pretty exact parallel of the _wedding
+divination_ alluded to by OXONIENSIS. It is from Wright's selection of
+Latin stories of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Harl. MS. 463.:--
+
+    "Vidi in quibusdam partibus, quando mulieres nubebant, et de ecclesiâ
+    redibant, in ingressu domus in faciem corum frumentum projiciebant,
+    clamantes: 'Abundantia! Abundantia!' quod Gallicè dicitur _plentè_,
+    _plentè_; et tamen plerumque, antequam annus transiret, pauperes
+    mendici remanebant et abundantià omni bonorum carebant."
+
+H. C. K.
+
+---- Rectory, Hereford.
+
+_Old Fogie_ (Vol. viii., p. 154.).--If it will throw any additional light
+on the controversy as to "fogie," I may add that for a long period of years
+I have heard it applied only to the discharged invalided pensioners of the
+army. On a late Queen's birthday review on the _Green_, the boys and girls
+were in ecstasies at seeing the "old fogies" dressed out in new suits. It
+is very often spoken derisively to a thick-headed stupid person, but which
+cannot determine accurately its primary signification.
+
+G. N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+Notes on Books, Etc.
+
+The noble President of the Society of Antiquaries is fast bringing to
+completion the cheaper and revised edition of his _History of England from
+the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles_, 1713-1783. The sixth
+volume, which is now before us, embraces the eventful six years 1774-1780,
+which saw the commencement of the great struggle with America, which ended
+in the independence of the United States. In this, as in his preceding
+volumes, the new materials which Lord Mahon has been so fortunate as to
+collect from the family papers of the representatives of the political
+leaders of the period, and which he has inserted in his appendix,
+contribute very materially to the value and importance of his history.
+
+_Cheshire; its Historical and Literary Associations, illustrated in a
+series of Biographical Sketches;_ and _The Cheshire and Lancashire
+Historical Collector_, a small 8vo. sheet originally issued every month,
+but now every fortnight, in consequence of increase of materials, and the
+great encouragement which the undertaking has received, are two
+contributions towards Cheshire topography, local history, bibliography,
+&c., for which the good men of the Palatinate are indebted to the zeal of
+Mr. T. Worthington Barlow, of the Society of Gray's Inn.
+
+It is always a subject of gratification to us when we see cheap yet
+handsome reprints of our standard authors; for no better proof can be given
+of the increase among us not only of a reading public, but of a public who
+are disposed to read well. It is therefore with no small pleasure that we
+have received from Mr. Routledge copies of his five shilling edition of
+_The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, from the Text, and with the
+Notes and Glossary of Thomas Tyrwhitt, condensed and arranged under the
+Text_. It is obvious that considerable labour has been taken by the editor
+in its preparation, for he has not contented himself with merely
+transferring the contents of Tyrwhitt's Notes and Glossary to their proper
+places beneath the text; but has availed himself of the labours of Messrs.
+Craik, Saunders, Sir H. Nicolas, and our able correspondent A. E. B., to
+give completeness to what is a very useful edition of old Dan Chaucer's
+masterpiece. We have to thank the same publisher for a corresponding
+edition of Spenser's _Faerie Queene_; so that no lover of those two
+glorious old poets need any longer want a cheap and compact edition of
+them.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_History of the Guillotine, revised from the Quarterly
+Review_, by the Right Hon. J. W. Croker, which forms the new part of
+Murray's _Railway {456} Reading_, is not only valuable as a _précis_ of all
+that is known upon this very obscure subject, but for all its illustration
+of the difficulty of arriving at historical truth.--_A Love Story; being
+the History of the Courtship and Marriage of Dr. Dove of Doncaster_, that
+delightful episode in Southey's most delightful book, _The Doctor_, forms
+Part L. of Longman's _Traveller's Library_.--_The First Italian Book_
+appears a very successful attempt on the part of Signor Pifferi and Mr.
+Dawson W. Turner to furnish a companion to the _First French Book_ of that
+accomplished scholar, the late Rev. T. K. Arnold.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+TORRIANO PIAZZA UNIVERSALE DI PROVERBI ITALIANI. London, 1668. Folio.
+
+BIBLIOTHECA TOPOGRAPHICA BRITANNICA. Vol. IX.
+
+ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. 7th Edition. Vol. XXII., Part 2.
+
+EXAMINER (Newspaper), No. 2297, February 7, 1853.
+
+WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE: A Biography, by Charles Knight (First Edition).
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+CHAPMAN'S ARCHITECTURIÆ NAVALES MERCATURIÆ. 1768. Folio. Published in
+Sweden.
+
+    Wanted by _Robert Stewart_, Bookseller, Paisley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TWO DIALOGUES IN THE ELYSIAN FIELDS, BETWEEN CARD. WOLSEY AND CARD.
+XIMENES. To which are added Historical Accounts of Wolsey's two Colleges
+and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove. London, 1761. 8vo.
+
+    Wanted by _W. S. Fitch_, Ipswich.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADDISON'S WORKS. First Edition.
+
+JONES' (OF HOYLAND) WORKS. 13 Vols. 8vo.
+
+WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPT. Vols. IV. and V.
+
+BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. 3 Vols. 8vo.
+
+    Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+KANT'S LOGIC, translated by John Richardson.
+
+HISTORIC CERTAINTIES by Aristarchus Newlight.
+
+SONGS--"The Boatmen shout." Attwood. "Ah! godan lor felicita" (Faust).
+Spohr.
+
+    Wanted by _C. Mansfield Ingleby_, Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SPECTATOR, printed by Alex. Lawrie & Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II.,
+III., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+    Wanted by _J. T. Cheetham_, Firwood, Chadderton, near Oldham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OXFORD ALMANACK for 1719.
+
+AMOENITATES ACADEMICÆ. Vol. I. Holmiæ, 1749.
+
+BROURÆ HIST. NAT. JAMAICÆ. London, 1756. Folio.
+
+AMMANUS I. STIRPES RARIORES. Petrop. 1739.
+
+PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683.
+
+ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY for January, 1824.
+
+A POEM UPON THE MOST HOPEFUL AND EVER-FLOURISHING SPROUTS OF VALOUR, THE
+INDEFATIGABLE CENTRYS OF THE PHYSIC GARDEN.
+
+POEM UPON MR. JACOB BOBART'S YEWMEN OF THE GUARDS TO THE PHYSIC GARDEN, TO
+THE TUNE OF "THE COUNTER-SCUFFLE." Oxon. 1662.
+
+    The above two Ballads are by Edmund Gayton.
+
+    Wanted by _H. T. Bobart_, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PEYRAN'S COPTIC LEXICON.
+
+MURE ON THE CALENDAR AND ZODIACS OF ANCIENT EGYPT.
+
+GLADWIN'S PERSIAN MOONSHEE. 4to.
+
+JONES'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY (the 8vo. Edition). The Volume containing
+Herodotus, Vol. I.
+
+THE CHRONICLES OF LONDON. 1827.
+
+    Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to the length of_ PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S _very interesting article
+and the number of our Advertisements, we have enlarged our present Number
+to Thirty-two pages._
+
+BOOKS WANTED. _So many of our Correspondents seem disposed to avail
+themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers in direct communication
+with them, that we find ourselves compelled to limit each list of books to
+two insertions. We would also express a hope that those gentlemen who may
+at once succeed in obtaining any desired volumes will be good enough to
+notify the same to us, in order that such books may not unnecessarily
+appear in such list even a second time._
+
+_The letters for_ A. Z., MR. DEMAYNE, MR. F. CROSSLEY, &c., _have been duly
+forwarded._
+
+X. Y. Z. _We have no doubt the early numbers of_ The Press _may be procured
+on application to the publisher of that paper._
+
+F. M. _The passage in_ King John,
+
+                     "My face so thin
+  That in my ear I dare not stick a rose,
+  Lest men should say, See where threefarthings goes!"
+
+_contains an allusion to the_ very thin _silver threefarthing pieces,
+coined by Elizabeth, which bore a rose. In Boswell's Shakspeare_ (ed.
+1821), vol. XV. p. 209., _will be found nearly two pages of illustrative
+notes._
+
+A CONSTANT READER _is informed that the line_
+
+ "Men are but children of a larger growth"
+
+_is from Dryden's_ All for Love.
+
+J. L. (Islington). DR. DIAMOND _informs us that he procured his naphtha
+from Messrs. Simpson and Maule, of Kennington, but he would not advise the
+use of varnish so made. It is apt to dry up in round spots, and which
+sometimes print from the negative. He also adds, that one ounce of the
+collodio-amber varnish as recommended by him will, with care, from its
+great fluidity and ready-flowing qualities, effectually varnish upwards of
+thirty glass negatives of the quarter plate size: thus the real expense is
+very inconsiderable._
+
+F. S. A. _Photography is perfectly applicable to the copying of MSS. or
+printed leaves, either smaller, of the same size, or larger than the
+original, the only requisite beyond a good lens being a camera of
+sufficient length for a long focus. A plain surface exposed in front of a
+lens requires a range behind it of the same distance to produce an equal
+size copy; a magnified image being produced by a nearer approach to the
+lens, and a smaller the farther the object is distant. Prints are often
+copied by mere contact, without the use of any lens whatever. As a brother
+F. S. A.,_ DR. DIAMOND _will be happy to give you some personal
+instructions as to your requirements._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a
+Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;
+also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new
+warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture
+Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment
+complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.-- Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chanbers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On the 1st November, 16 pp. crown 4to., price Threehalfpence.
+
+THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE.
+
+A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, &c., &c., devoted
+to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social Elevation of the Working
+Classes. Under the Superintendence of a Committee.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{457}
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following articles:--1.
+Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Parish Girl, a Poem: by the Rev.
+John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgcumbes of the Olden Time, by Mrs. Bray,
+Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer's Pantropheon. 5. Notes on
+Mediæval Art in France and Germany, by J. G. Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg,
+Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the White Horse of Saxony and
+Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq., Garter. 7. The Campaigns of
+1793-95 in Flanders and Holland. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:
+Counsels' Fees and Lawyers' Bills: Shops in Westminster Hall: The Family of
+Phipps: Mr. John Knill of St. Ive's: Antiquity of the Mysterious Word
+"Wheedle." With Notes of the Month: Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews;
+Reports of the Archæological Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
+Wiltshire, Somersetshire, Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and
+OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord Anderson, Right Hon. Sir
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+Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
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+CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
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+    deservedly regarded as an English classic."--_Examiner._
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his successors HURST & BLACKETT, 15. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+Just published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
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+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
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+LIBRARIAN.--Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent to
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+
+XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
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+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
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+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
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+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
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+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
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+
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+1763; a Letter of Charles II.; a Particular of the Duchess of Somerset's
+Debts, 1692; Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson; a Letter of Lord
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+    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
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+    Tiverton."
+
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+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+    "Bonn, July 19. 1852.
+
+    "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,
+    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of
+    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys
+    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp
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+    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
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+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
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+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
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+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
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+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
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+BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
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+SUIDÆ LEXICON. GRÆCE ET LATINE. Post GAISFORDIUM recensuit et annotatione
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+NOTITIA DIGNITATVM ET ADMINISTRATIONVM Omnivm tam Civilivm qvam Militarivm
+in partibvs Orientis et Occidentis. Recensvit Commentariis indiceqve
+illvstravit EDVARDVS BOCKING. Vol. I., 540 pages, and 47 engravings; Vol.
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+GRAMMATICA CELTICA. E Monumentis Vetustis tam Hibernicæ Linguæ quam
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+LEXICON ETYMOLOGICUM LINGUARUM ROMANARUM, ITALICÆ, HISPANICÆ, GALLICÆ.
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+LANZ. One thousand and nine original letters, 1513-1556. 3 vols. 8vo.
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+ENGLISH AND SCOTCH ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
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+A FIFTH LETTER to the REV. DR. MAITLAND on the GENUINENESS of the WRITINGS
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+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
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+THE PRIMITIVES and LEADING WORDS OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE, so explained
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+HISTORY OF EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. By HENRY HALLAM, ESQ. Tenth and
+revised Edition, incorporating the SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES. 3 vols. 8vo. 30s.
+
+Also,
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+HALLAM'S CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of Henry
+VII. to the Death of George II. Sixth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.
+
+II.
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+HALLAM'S INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERARY HISTORY OF EUROPE, during the 15th,
+16th, and 17th Centuries. Third Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. 36s.
+
+III.
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+HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTER: selected from the above Work, for
+Popular Circulation. (5th Thousand.) Fcp. 8vo. 2s.
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+JOHN MURRAY. Albemarle Street.
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+In small 8vo., price 2s. 6d.
+
+SALEM REDEEMED; or, the Year of Jubilee; a Lyrical Drama, in Three Acts. By
+EDMUND PEEL, ESQ., Author of the "Fair Island," "Judge Not," and other
+Poems.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+ARNOLD'S DEMOSTHENES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES.
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+THE ORATION OF DEMOSTHENES ON THE CROWN, edited, from the best Text, with
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+On the 1st of January, 1854, will be commenced THE NEW ANNOTATED EDITION of
+the ENGLISH POETS; by ROBERT BELL, Author of "The History of Russia,"
+"Lives of the English Poets," &c.
+
+To be published in Monthly Volumes, fcap. 8vo., price 2s. 6d. each,
+combining those features of Research, Typographical Elegance, and Economy
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+Each Poet will be independent of the rest; chronological sequence will not
+be observed in the issue of the works, but will be adjusted by general
+title-pages on the completion of the Series.
+
+The Series will commence with the Works of DRYDEN, the First Volume of
+which will appear on the 1st of January, 1854; to be followed on the 1st of
+February by a Poet of an earlier period.
+
+The INTRODUCTORY VOLUME, containing a SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH
+POETRY, will be published in the course of the year.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+{460}
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+PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS,
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+curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number. The
+impression of each work is most strictly limited.
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+I.
+
+MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur; now
+first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral.
+Seventy-five Copies printed. 5l.
+
+    *** A very curious Romance, full of allusions interesting to the
+    Antiquary and Philologist. It contains nearly eight thousand lines.
+
+II.
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+THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln; now
+first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One Hundred
+Copies printed. 15s.
+
+    *** This is a religious poetical Romance, unknown to Warton. Its
+    poetical merits are beyond its age.
+
+III.
+
+CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare Books
+and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth
+Century. Seventy-five Copies printed.
+
+    *** Out of print separately, but included in the few remaining complete
+    sets.
+
+IV.
+
+A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with
+numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and other
+curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1l. 1s.
+
+V.
+
+THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and
+Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire; to which is added THE PALATINE
+GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. 2s.
+
+VI.
+
+THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, Illustrated by
+Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2l. 2s.
+
+    CONTENTS:--Harry White his Humour, set forth by M. P.--Comedie of the
+    two Italian Gentlemen--Tailor's Travels from London to the Isle of
+    Wight, 1648--Wyll Bucke his Testament--The Booke of Merry Riddles,
+    1629--Comedie of All for Money, 1578--Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco,
+    1630--Johnson's New Booke of New Conceites, 1630--Love's Garland, 1624.
+
+VII.
+
+THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.--An Extensive Collection of Ballads and Poems,
+respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l.
+2s.
+
+    *** This Work contains upwards of 400 pages, and include a reprint of
+    the very curious Poem, called "Yorkshire Ale," 1697, as well as a great
+    variety of Old Yorkshire Ballads.
+
+VIII, IX.
+
+A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes,
+Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins
+sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this
+form. 2l. 2s.
+
+X.
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+SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS, AND
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+1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies printed.
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+XI.
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+THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the
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+Witches." and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue o'Divelly, the Irish
+Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s.
+
+XII.
+
+THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare Tracts,
+relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s.
+
+XIII.
+
+SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE
+BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of
+Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1l. 1s.
+
+XIV.
+
+SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH; a Play
+attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies. Eighty
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+
+    *** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21l. A reduction made in
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+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November
+5. 1853.
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+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 210,
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 210.
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 210, November 5,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 210, November 5, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27007]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 429 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page429"></a>{429}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 210.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, November 5. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Professor De Morgan</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page429">429</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Dr. Parr on Milton</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page433">433</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Parts of MSS., by John Macray</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page434">434</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>William Blake</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page435">435</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:&mdash;Legends of the County
+      Clare&mdash;The Seven Whisperers</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page436">436</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Italian-English, German-English, and the Refugee Style, by
+      Philarète Chasles</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page436">436</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by Thos. Keightley, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page437">437</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Decomposed
+      Cloth&mdash;First and Last&mdash;Cucumber Time&mdash;MS. Sermons of
+      the Eighteenth Century&mdash;Boswell's "Johnson"&mdash;Stage
+      Coaches&mdash;Antecedents&mdash;The Letter X&mdash;A Crow-bar</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page438">438</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Bishop
+      Grehan&mdash;Doxology&mdash;Arrow-mark&mdash;Gabriel
+      Poyntz&mdash;Queen Elizabeth's and Queen Anne's Motto, "Semper
+      eadem"&mdash;Bees&mdash;Nelly O'Brien and Kitty Fisher&mdash;"Homo
+      unius libri"&mdash;"Now the fierce bear," &amp;c.&mdash;Prejudice
+      against Holy Confirmation&mdash;Epigram on MacAdam&mdash;Jane
+      Scrimshaw&mdash;The Word "Quadrille"&mdash;The Hungarians in
+      Paules&mdash;Ferns Wanted&mdash;Craton the Philosopher&mdash;The
+      Solar Annual Eclipse in the Year 1263&mdash;D'Israeli: how
+      spelt?&mdash;Richard Oswald&mdash;Cromwell's Descendants&mdash;Letter
+      of Archbishop Curwen to Archbishop Parker</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page440">440</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Margaret
+      Patten&mdash;Etymology of "Coin"&mdash;Inscription at
+      Aylesbury&mdash;"Guardian Angels, now protect me,"
+      &amp;c.&mdash;K.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;B.'s&mdash;Danish and Swedish
+      Ballads&mdash;Etymology of "Conger"&mdash;"Si vis me flere, dolendum
+      est primum tibi"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page442">442</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Medal and Relic of Mary Queen of Scots, by John Evans, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page444">444</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Early Use of Tin.&mdash;Derivation of the Name of Britain</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page445">445</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Pictorial Editions of the Book of Common Prayer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page446">446</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Yew-Trees in Churchyards, by Fras. Crossley, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page447">447</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Osborn Family</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page448">448</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Inscriptions on Bells, by W. Sparrow Simpson and J. L. Sisson</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page448">448</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page448">448</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Myrtle Bee, by C. Brown</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page450">450</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Captain John Davis, by Bolton Corney</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page450">450</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Clouds
+      in Photographs&mdash;"The Stereoscope considered in relation to the
+      Philosophy of Binocular Vision"&mdash;Muller's
+      Processes&mdash;Positives on Glass</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page451">451</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Peculiar
+      Ornament in Crosthwaite Church&mdash;Nursery Rhymes&mdash;Milton's
+      Widow&mdash;Watch-paper Inscriptions&mdash;Poetical Tavern
+      Signs&mdash;Parish Clerks' Company&mdash;"Elijah's
+      Mantle"&mdash;Histories of Literature&mdash;Birthplace of General
+      Monk&mdash;Books chained to Desks in Churches, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page452">452</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page455">455</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page456">456</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page456">456</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page456">456</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.</h3>
+
+  <p>Those who have written on the life of Newton have touched with the
+  utmost reserve upon the connexion which existed between his half-niece
+  Catherine Barton, and his friend Charles Montague, who died Earl of
+  Halifax. They seem as if they were afraid that, by going fairly into the
+  matter, they should find something they would rather not tell. The
+  consequence is, that when a writer at home or abroad, Voltaire or
+  another, hints with a sneer that a pretty niece had more to do with
+  Newton's appointment to the Mint than the theory of gravitation, those
+  who would like to know as much as can be known of the whole truth find
+  nothing in any attainable biography except either total silence or a very
+  awkward and hesitating account of half something.</p>
+
+  <p>On looking again into the matter, the juxtaposition of all the
+  circumstances induced in my mind a strong suspicion that Mrs. C. Barton
+  was <i>privately married</i> to Lord Halifax, probably before his
+  elevation to the peerage, and that the marriage was no very great secret
+  among their friends. As yet I can but say that the hypothesis of a
+  private marriage is, to me, the most probable of those among which a
+  choice must be made: farther information may be obtained by publication
+  of the case in "N. &amp; Q.," the most appropriate place of deposit for
+  the provisional result of unfinished inquiries.</p>
+
+  <p>Charles Montague (born April, 1661, died May 19, 1715) made
+  acquaintance with Newton when both were at Trinity College in 1680 and
+  1681. Newton was nineteen years older than Montague, and had been twelve
+  years Lucasian professor. At the beginning of their friendship, the
+  Lucasian professor must be called the patron of the young undergraduate,
+  who was looking for a fellowship with the intention of taking orders, a
+  design which he did not find sufficient encouragement to abandon until
+  after he had sat in the Convention. By 1690, the rising politician had
+  become the patron of the author of the <i>Principia</i>, who in that <!--
+  Page 430 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page430"></a>{430}</span>year
+  or the next became an aspirant for public employment. The friendship of
+  Newton and Montague lasted until the death of the latter, interrupted
+  only by a coolness (on Newton's side at least) in 1691, arising out of a
+  suspicion in Newton's mind that Montague was not sincere in his
+  intentions towards his friend.</p>
+
+  <p>Catherine Barton (born 1680, died 1739) was the daughter of Robert
+  Barton and Newton's half-sister, Hannah Smith (Baily's <i>Flamsteed,
+  Supplement</i>, p. 750.). Lieut.-Col. Barton, usually called her husband,
+  was her brother. The pedigrees published by Turnor recognise this fact:
+  Swift distinctly states it, and Rigaud proves it in various ways in
+  letters to Baily, which lately passed through my hands on their way to
+  the Observatory at Greenwich. The mistake ought never to have been made,
+  for <i>Mrs. C. Barton</i> (as she was usually denominated) must,
+  according to usage, have been reputed single so long as her Christian
+  name was introduced.</p>
+
+  <p>Mrs. C. Barton married Mr. Conduitt, then or afterwards Newton's
+  assistant, and his successor: this marriage probably took place in 1718,
+  the year in which Newton introduced Conduitt into the Royal Society.
+  Among the Turnor memorials of Newton, now in possession of the Royal
+  Society, is a watch leaving the inscription "Mrs. C. Conduitt to Sir
+  Isaac Newton, January, 1708." This date cannot be correct, for Swift in
+  1710, Halifax in 1712, Flamsteed in 1715, and Monmort in 1716, call her
+  Barton: all but Flamsteed were intimate acquaintances. Any one who looks
+  at the inscription will see that it is not as old as the watch: it is
+  neither ornamented nor placed in a shield or other envelope, while the
+  case is beautifully chased, and has an elaborate design, representing
+  Fame and Britannia examining the portrait of Newton. Moreover, "Mrs.
+  Conduitt" would never have described herself as "Mrs. C. Conduitt."</p>
+
+  <p>Montague was not, so far as usual accounts state, what even in our day
+  would be called a libertine. He married the Countess of Manchester (the
+  widow of a relative) before his entry into public life, and was deeply
+  occupied in party politics and fiscal administration. I am told that
+  Davenant impugns his morals: this may be the exception which proves the
+  rule; some of the lampoons directed against the Whig minister are
+  preserved, and these do not attack his private character in the matter
+  under allusion, so far as I can learn.</p>
+
+  <p>All the cotemporary evidence yet adduced as to the relation between
+  Lord Halifax and Catherine Barton, is contained in one sentence in the
+  <i>Life</i> of the former, two codicils of his will, and one allusion of
+  Flamsteed's. The <i>Life</i>, with the will attached, was appended to two
+  different publications of the works of Halifax, in 1715 and 1716. The
+  passage from the <i>Life</i> is as follows (p. 195.):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I am likewise to account for another Omission in the Course of this
+  History, which is that of the Death of the Lord <i>Halifax's</i> Lady;
+  upon whose Decease his Lordship took a Resolution of living single thence
+  forward, and cast his Eye upon the Widow of one Colonel <i>Barton</i>,
+  and Neice to the famous Sir <i>Isaac Newton</i>, to be Super-intendent of
+  his domestick Affairs. But as this Lady was young, beautiful, and gay, so
+  those that were given to censure, pass'd a Judgment upon her which she no
+  Ways merited, since she was a Woman of strict Honour and Virtue; and tho'
+  she might be agreeable to his Lordship in every Particular, that noble
+  Peer's Complaisance to her, proceeded wholly from the great Esteem he had
+  for her Wit and most exquisite Understanding, as will appear from what
+  relates to her in his Will at the Close of these Memoirs."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This sentence is an insertion (the <i>first</i> omission is as far
+  back as p. 64.). It speaks of Mrs. C. Barton as if she were dead: and it
+  is worthy of note that this lady, who lived to communicate to Fontenelle
+  materials for his <i>éloge</i> of Newton, had excellent opportunity, had
+  it pleased her, to have contradicted or varied any part of the account
+  given by Halifax's biographer; and this without appearing. The actual
+  communication made to Fontenelle by her husband, Mr. Conduitt, is in
+  existence, and was printed by Mr. Turnor; it contains no allusion to the
+  subject. Farther, it appears by the biographer's account that she had
+  passed as a widow, which is not to be wondered at: the <i>Colonel</i>
+  Barton who was the son of circumstances, must have been created before
+  her brother (who died in 1711) attained such rank, perhaps before he
+  entered the army at all.</p>
+
+  <p>The will gives very different evidence from that for which it is
+  subp&oelig;naed: it is dated April 10, 1706. In the first codicil (dated
+  April 12, 1706) Lord Halifax leaves Mrs. Barton all his jewels and
+  3000<i>l.</i> "as a small token," he says, "of the great love and
+  affection I have long had for her." In a second codicil (dated February
+  1, 1712) the first codicil is revoked, and the bequest is augmented to
+  5000<i>l.</i>, the rangership, lodge, and household furniture of Bushey
+  Park, and the manor of Apscourt, for her life. These are given, says Lord
+  Halifax, "as a token of the sincere love, affection, and esteem, I have
+  long had for her person, and as a small recompense for the pleasure and
+  happiness I have had in her conversation." In this same codicil "Mrs.
+  Catherine Barton" is described as Newton's niece, and 100<i>l.</i> is
+  left to Newton "as a mark of the great honour and esteem I have for so
+  great a man." The concluding sentence of the codicil is as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"And I strictly charge and command my executor to give all aid, help,
+  and assistance to her in possessing and enjoying what I have hereby given
+  her; and also <!-- Page 431 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page431"></a>{431}</span>in doing any act or acts necessary to
+  transfer her an annuity of two hundred pounds <i>per annum</i>, purchased
+  in Sir Isaac Newton's name, which I hold for her in trust, as appears by
+  a declaration of trust in that behalf."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This codicil immediately became the subject of remark, and the terms
+  of it seem to have been understood as they would be now. Flamsteed,
+  writing in July, 1715 (Halifax died in May), says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If common fame be true, he died worth 150,000<i>l.</i>; out of which
+  he gave Mrs. Barton, Sir I. Newton's niece, for her <i>excellent
+  conversation</i> [the Italics are Baily's, the original, I suppose,
+  underlined], a curious house, 5000<i>l.</i> with lands, jewels, plate,
+  money, and household furniture, to the value of 20,000<i>l.</i> or
+  more."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I pay no attention to the statement that (<i>Biogr. Brit.</i>,
+  Montague, note BB.) Lord Halifax was disappointed in a second marriage.
+  It amounts only to this, that Lord Shaftsbury, having a certain lady in
+  his heart and in his eye, was afraid he had a rival, and described the
+  person talked of in terms which make it pretty certain that Halifax was
+  intended. But it by no means follows that because a certain person is
+  "talked of" for a lady, and a lover put in fear by the rumour, the person
+  is really a rival: and not even a biographer would have shown himself so
+  unfit for a novelist as to have drawn such a conclusion, unless he had
+  been biassed by the wish to show that Halifax was attached to another
+  than Mrs. Barton.</p>
+
+  <p>It must of course be supposed that the introduction of Montague to
+  Newton's niece was a consequence of his acquaintance with Newton, and
+  took place in or near 1696, when Newton came to London, where his niece
+  soon began to reside with him. And since, in 1706, the connexion,
+  whatever it was, had been of long standing, we may infer that it had
+  probably commenced in 1700. The case is then as follows. Montague
+  received into his house, as "superintendent of his domestic affairs"
+  after the death of his wife, the niece of his old and revered friend
+  Newton, a conspicuous officer of the crown, a member of Parliament, and
+  otherwise one of the most famous men living. This niece had been partly
+  educated by Newton; she had lived in his house; we know of no other
+  protector that she could have had, in London; and the supposition that
+  she left any roof except Newton's to take shelter under that of Montague,
+  would be purely gratuitous. She was unmarried, beautiful, and gay; and
+  probably not so much as, certainly not much more then, twenty years old.
+  A handsome annuity was bought for her in Newton's name, and held in trust
+  by Halifax: if it had been bought <i>by Newton</i>, Conduitt would have
+  mentioned it in his list of the benefactions which Newton's relatives
+  received from him, especially after the publicity which it had obtained
+  from Halifax's will. That she did not tenant the housekeeper's room while
+  the friends of Halifax were round his table, may be inferred from the
+  epigrams, poor as they are, which were made in her honour as a celebrated
+  beauty and wit, in a collection of verses (reprinted in Dryden's
+  <i>Miscellanies</i>) on the best known toasts of the day. Halifax
+  bequeathed her a provision which might have suited his widow, in terms
+  which must have been intended to show that she had been either his wife
+  or his mistress; while in the same document he brought prominently
+  forward his respect for Newton, the fact of her being Newton's niece, and
+  the annuity which he had bought for her in Newton's name. An
+  uncontradicted paragraph in the life of Halifax, published immediately
+  after the will, and evidently not intended to bring forward any fact not
+  perfectly well known, records her residence in the house of that nobleman
+  and the consequent rumours concerning her character, affirms that she was
+  a virtuous woman, and refers to the will to prove it: though the will
+  denies it in the plainest English, on any supposition except that of a
+  private marriage. Finally, the lady married a respectable man after the
+  death of Lord Halifax, and lived with him in the house of her illustrious
+  uncle.</p>
+
+  <p>That she was either the wife or the mistress of Halifax, I take to be
+  established; it is the natural conclusion from the facts above stated,
+  all made public during her life, all left uncontradicted by herself, by
+  her husband, by her daughter, by Lord Lymington her son-in-law, and by
+  the uncle who had stood to her in the place of a father. It is impossible
+  that Newton could have been ignorant that his niece was living in
+  Montague's house, enjoyed an annuity bought in his own name, and was
+  regarded by the world as the mistress of his friend and political patron.
+  The language of the codicil shows that, be the nature of the connexion
+  what it might, Halifax meant to tell the world that it might be
+  proclaimed in all its relation to the name of Newton. To those who
+  cannot, under all the circumstances, believe the connexion to have been
+  what is called platonic, the probability that there was a private
+  marriage is precisely the probability that Newton would not have
+  sanctioned the dishonour of his own niece: and even if the connexion were
+  only that of friendship, Newton must have sanctioned the appearance and
+  the forms of a dishonourable intimacy: the co-habitation, the settlement,
+  and the defiance of opinion. Now there is no reason to suppose of Newton
+  that he would be a party to either proceeding, which would not apply as
+  well to any man then alive: to Locke, for instance. Looking at the morals
+  of the day, we are by no means justified in throwing off at once, with
+  disgust, the bare idea of the possibility of a distinguished philosopher
+  consenting to an illicit intercourse between his friend and his niece: we
+  are bound, <!-- Page 432 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page432"></a>{432}</span>in discussing probabilities, to
+  distinguish 1850 from 1700. But, even putting out of view the purity of
+  Newton's private life, and of the lives of his most intimate friends,
+  there is that in the weaker part of his character which is of itself
+  almost conclusive. Right or wrong, Newton never faced opinion. As soon as
+  he found that publication involved opposition, from that time forward he
+  published only with the utmost reluctance, and under the strongest
+  persuasions; except when, as in the case of some of his theological
+  writings, he confided the manuscript to a friend, to be anonymously
+  published abroad. The <i>Principia</i> was extorted from him by the Royal
+  Society; the first publication on fluxions was under the name of Wallis;
+  the <i>Optics</i> were delayed until the death of Hooke; the first
+  appearance against Leibnitz was anonymous; the second originated in a
+  hint from the King. This morbid fear, which is often represented as
+  modesty, would have made him, had he acted a part with regard to his
+  niece which he could not avow, conduct it with the utmost reserve. The
+  philosopher who would have let the theory of gravitation die in silence
+  rather than encounter the opposition which a discovery almost always
+  creates, would not have allowed his <i>name</i> to be connected with the
+  annuity which was the price of his niece's honour, or which carried all
+  the appearance of it, even supposing him base enough to have connived at
+  the purchase. And in such a case, Halifax would have taken care to
+  respect the secrecy which he would have known to have been essential to
+  Newton's comfort: he would not have published to the world that his
+  mistress was Newton's niece, and that Newton was a party to a settlement
+  upon her. There seems to me, about the codicil as it stands, a
+  declaration that the connexion with Newton's niece was such as, if people
+  knew all, Newton might have sanctioned. And the supposition of a private
+  marriage, generally understood among the friends of the parties, seems to
+  me to make all the circumstances take an air of likelihood which no other
+  hypothesis will give them: and this is all my conclusion.</p>
+
+  <p>If there were a marriage, the most probable reason for the concealment
+  was, that it was contracted at a time when the birth and station of Mrs.
+  Barton would have rendered her production at court as the wife of
+  Montague an impediment to his career. He was raised to the peerage in
+  1700, and as the connexion was of long standing in 1706, it may well be
+  supposed that it commenced at the time when (in his own opinion at least)
+  his prospects of such elevation might have been compromised by a decided
+  misalliance. The lower the tone of morals, the greater the ridicule which
+  attaches to unequal <i>marriages</i>. Montague, though of noble family,
+  was the younger son of a younger son, and not rich: it was common among
+  the Tories to sneer at him as a <i>parvenu</i>. He had made his first
+  appearance in the great world as the husband of a countess-dowager, and
+  it may be that the <i>parvenu</i> was weak enough to shrink from
+  producing, as his second wife, a woman of very much lower rank, the
+  granddaughter of a country clergyman, and the daughter of a man of no
+  pretension to station. That Mr. Macaulay has not underrated the position
+  of the country clergy, is known to all who have dipped into the writings
+  of the seventeenth century. It is not, however, necessary to explain why
+  the supposed marriage should have been private. As the world is
+  constituted, no rules of inference can be laid down in reference to the
+  irregular relations of the sexes.</p>
+
+  <p>With reference to the insinuation that Newton owed his official
+  position rather to his niece than to his ability, it can be completely
+  shown that, on the worst possible supposition, the office in the Mint
+  could have had nothing to do with Mrs. C. Barton. Newton was appointed to
+  the lower office (the <i>Wardenship</i>) in March, 1695-96, when the
+  young lady was not sixteen years old, and before she could have been a
+  resident under her uncle's roof. The state of the coinage had caused much
+  uneasiness; it was one of the difficulties, and its restoration was one
+  of the successes, of the day. The best scientific advice was taken:
+  Locke, Newton, and Halley were consulted, and all were placed in office
+  nearly at the same time; Newton in the London Mint, Halley in the Chester
+  Mint, Locke in the Council of Trade. Neither Locke nor Halley had any
+  nieces. Before Newton's appointment there was some negociation of a
+  public character: the Wardenship was not vacant, and the government seems
+  to have tried to induce Newton to take something subordinate. March 14,
+  Newton wrote to Halley, in reference to a current rumour,&mdash;"I
+  neither put in for any place in the Mint, nor would meddle with Mr.
+  Hoar's [the comptroller's] place, were it offered me." On the 19th,
+  Montague informs Newton that he is to have the <i>Wardenship</i>, vacant
+  by the removal of Mr. Overton to the Customs. Four years afterwards, when
+  the great operation on the coinage, by many declared impracticable, had
+  completely succeeded, Newton, a principal adviser and the principal
+  administrator, obtained the Mastership in the course of promotion.
+  Montague was raised to the peerage in the following year, and mainly, as
+  the patent states, for the same service. So that, though Montague was the
+  patron as to the Wardenship, yet scientific assistance was then so sorely
+  needed, that no hypothesis relative to any niece would be necessary to
+  explain the phenomenon of Newton's appointment: while, as to the
+  Mastership it may almost be said that Montague was more indebted to
+  Newton for his peerage, than Newton to Montague for that promotion which
+  any minister must, under the circumstances, have granted. <!-- Page 433
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page433"></a>{433}</span></p>
+
+  <p>In no account of Newton that I ever read is it stated that Mrs. Barton
+  was an intimate friend of Swift, probably through Halifax. Having been
+  told that there is frequent mention of her in Swift's <i>Journal to
+  Stella</i>, I examined that series and the rest of the correspondence, in
+  which her name occurs about twenty times. One letter from herself, under
+  the name of Conduitt (November 29, 1733), is indorsed by the Dean, "My
+  old friend Mrs. Barton, now Mrs. Conduitt," and establishes the identity
+  of Swift's friend with Newton's niece: otherwise, it proves nothing here.
+  The other points to be noticed are as follows.</p>
+
+  <p>1710, September 28, November 30, March 7; 1711, April 3, July 18,
+  October 14 and 25, Swift visited or dined with Mrs. Barton at her
+  <i>lodgings</i>. He was also at this time on good terms with Halifax, and
+  dined with him November 28, 1710, and with Mrs. Barton on November 30.
+  According to the idiom of the day, <i>lodgings</i> was a name for every
+  kind of residence, and even for the apartments of a guest in the house of
+  his host. For anything to the contrary in the mere word, the lodgings
+  might have been in the house of Lord Halifax, or of Newton himself. But,
+  on the other hand, the future Dean, much as he writes to Stella of every
+  kind of small talk, never mentions Halifax and Mrs. Barton together,
+  never makes the slightest allusion to either in connexion with the other,
+  though in one and the same letter he minutes his having dined with
+  Halifax on the 28th, and with Mrs. Barton on the 30th. There must have
+  been intentional suppression in this. All the world knew that there was
+  some <i>liaison</i> between the two; yet when Swift (1711, Nov. 20)
+  records his having been "teased with whiggish discourse" by Mrs. Barton,
+  he does not even drop a sarcasm about her politics having been learnt
+  from Halifax. This is the more remarkable as the two seem to have been
+  almost the only persons who are mentioned as talking whiggery to him. To
+  this list, however, may be added Lady Betty Germain, well known to the
+  readers of Swift's poetry, who joined Mrs. Barton in inflicting the
+  vexation, and at whose house the conversation took place. It thus appears
+  that Mrs. Barton was received in a manner which shows that she was
+  regarded as a respectable woman. The suppression on the part of Swift may
+  indicate respect for his two friends (that he highly respected Mrs.
+  Barton appears clear), and observance of a convention established in
+  their circle. But perhaps it is rather to be attributed to his own
+  position with respect to Stella, which was certainly peculiar, though no
+  one can say what their understanding was at the date of the journal. This
+  journal came again into Swift's hands before it was published; so that we
+  can only treat it as containing what he finally chose to preserve.
+  Allusions may have been struck out.</p>
+
+  <p>There is another point which our modern manners will not allow to be
+  very closely handled in print, but on which I am disposed to lay some
+  stress. On September 28, 1710, and April 3, 1711, Swift visited Mrs.
+  Barton at her lodgings. On each of these occasions she regaled him with a
+  good story, which there is no need to repeat: there is no harm in either,
+  and they are far from being the most singular communications which he
+  made to Stella; but they go beyond what, even in that day, will be
+  considered as the probable conversation of a maiden lady of thirty-one,
+  with a bachelor man of the world of forty-three. But they by no means
+  exceed what we know to be the license then taken by married women; and
+  Swift's tone with respect to the stories, combined with his obvious
+  respect for Mrs. Barton, may make any one lean to the supposition that he
+  believed himself to be talking to a married woman.</p>
+
+  <p>The reserve of Swift puts us quite at fault as to the locality of Mrs.
+  Barton's <i>lodgings</i>. They may have been in Lord Halifax's house; but
+  if not, it requires some supposition to explain why they were not in that
+  of Newton, with whom she had lived, and with whom she certainly lived
+  after the death of Halifax. Perhaps, when farther research is made in
+  such directions as may be indicated by the only unreserved statement of
+  the existing case which has ever been printed, the conclusion I arrive
+  at, as to me the <i>most probable</i>, may either be reinforced, or
+  another substituted for it. Be this as it may, such points as I have
+  discussed, relating to such men as Newton, will not remain in abeyance
+  for ever, let biographers be as timid as they will.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. De Morgan.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>DR. PARR ON MILTON.</h3>
+
+  <p>Amongst my autographs I find the inclosed letter frown Dr. Parr. It is
+  written upon a half-sheet of paper, and in a very cramp and illegible
+  hand. To whom it is addressed, or when written, I am unable to say. As it
+  relates to the opinions held by Milton, perhaps you may think it worth
+  insertion in your work, particularly as Milton has been the subject of
+  some papers in "N. &amp; Q." lately.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. M. F.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Copy of Letter from Dr. Parr, without date or
+address.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Dear Sir,</p>
+
+  <p>I send you Johnson's <i>Life of Milton</i>. My former feelings again
+  return upon me, that Johnson did not mean to affirm that Milton prayed
+  not upon any occasion or in any manner; but that he was engaged in no
+  visible worship; that he prayed at no stated time; that he had not what
+  we may call any regular return of family or private devotion. Pray read
+  the sequel. That he lived without prayer can hardly be affirmed, this
+  <!-- Page 434 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page434"></a>{434}</span>surely is decided in my favour: it may
+  wear the appearance of contradiction to the former passage, that omitting
+  public prayer he omitted all; in truth, the expression just quoted is too
+  peremptory and too general. But the sense of Johnson cannot be mistaken,
+  if you attend to the different views he had in each sentence; and I
+  repeat my former assertion, that Johnson did not think Milton destitute
+  of a devout spirit, or totally negligent of prayer in some form or
+  other.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Yours, very truly and respectfully,<br />
+<span class="sc">J. Parr.</span></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PARTS OF MSS.</h3>
+
+  <p>As an instance of the unfortunate dispersion of the parts of valuable
+  MSS. through different countries, occasioned probably, in the case now to
+  be mentioned, by public convulsions and the wild fury of revolutionary
+  mobs in France, will you afford me space to quote an interesting
+  description of a MS. from the catalogue of a library to be sold at Paris
+  in December next? The MSS. and printed books in this library belonged to
+  the eminent bookseller J.&nbsp;J. De Bure, whose ancestor was the
+  distinguished and well-known bibliographer Guillaume de Bure. The
+  publicity given to descriptions like the present through the medium of
+  "N. &amp; Q." may ultimately lead, on some occasions, to the scattered
+  volumes being brought together again, either by way of purchase, or in
+  exchange for other works.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Macray.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Oxford.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><i>"Catalogue des Livres rares et précieux, manuscrits et imprimés, de
+  la Bibliothèque de feu M. J.&nbsp;J. De Bure, ancien libraire du Roi et de la
+  Bibliothèque Royale, etc.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"No. 1395. Le Second Livre des Commentaires de la Guerre Gallèque, par
+  Caius Julius Cæsar, traduict en françois. In-8, mar. noir, avec des
+  fermoirs en argent.</p>
+
+  <p>"Manuscrit sur vélin.</p>
+
+  <p>"L'ouvrage ne porte pas de titre; on lit seulement sur le plat du
+  volume, Tomus Secundus, et au verso du 21 feuillet; c'y commence le
+  Second livre des Commentaires de la Guerre Gallèque.</p>
+
+  <p>"Ce manuscrit a été fait pour François I<sup>er</sup>; le chiffre de
+  ce Prince se trouve au premier feuillet. Le Vol. se compose de 94
+  feuillets de texte, et de 4 feuillets de table. L'Ecriture est
+  très-belle, et paraît être de l'un des meilleurs calligraphes de l'époque
+  de Francois I<sup>er</sup>; beaucoup de mots sont en or et en azur.</p>
+
+  <p>"On remarque 22 miniatures, 15 médaillons d'Empereurs et d'autres
+  personnages Romains, 12 figures d'engins ou machines de guerre, et 2
+  fleurons; en tout 58 peintures.</p>
+
+  <p>"Ce n'est point, à proprement parler, une traduction des Commentaires.
+  L'auteur suppose, dans le préambule de cette partie de l'ouvrage, que
+  Francis I<sup>er</sup> au <i>Commencement du Moys d'Auguste, l'an 1519,
+  allant courir le cerf en la fourest de Byevre, y fait la rencontre de
+  César</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"De là, il établit un dialogue entre les deux personnages. François
+  I<sup>er</sup> s'enquiert des circonstances de la guerre des Gaules, et
+  César lui en donne les détails tels qu'ils out été écrits par
+  lui-même.</p>
+
+  <p>"On ne présente malheureusement ici qu'un Tome ii. Le Tome i. est au
+  Musée Britannique: on le trouve indiqué sous le No. 6205. dans le
+  <i>Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum</i>, London,
+  1808, Tome iii. in folio. Ce Tome i. est décrit dans l'ouvrage de M.
+  Waagen, <i>Kunstwerke and Künstler in England und Paris</i>, Berlin,
+  1837, Tome i. p. 148.</p>
+
+  <p>"Le Tome iii. était à vendre dans ces dernières années, au prix de
+  3000 francs, chez M. Techener (<i>Bulletin du Bibliophile</i>, année
+  1850, No. 1222. et p. 910.); nous ne savons où il est actuellement.</p>
+
+  <p>"Notre volume est le plus précieux des trois. Il l'emporte sur les
+  deux autres par le nombre des peintures (le Tome i. n'en a que 14, et le
+  Tome iii. seulement 12) et par l'intérêt qu'offrent ces peintures
+  elles-mêmes.</p>
+
+  <p>"La première, charmante miniature en camaïeu gris et or, représente
+  François I<sup>er</sup> à cheval, courant le cerf; la dernière montre la
+  prise du cerf.</p>
+
+  <p>"Parmi les autres sujets, également traités en grisaille, on remarque
+  plusieurs batailles entre les Romains et les Gaulois, rendues dans leurs
+  divers détails avec une finesse admirable d'exécution. Mais ce qui,
+  par-dessus tout, donne un prix infini à ce manuscrit, ce sont sept
+  portraits, en médaillons, qui reproduisent les traits de quelques hommes
+  de guerre du temps de François I<sup>er</sup>. Ils sont peints avec une
+  vérité et une délicatesse vraiment merveilleuses; des noms Romains, qui
+  figurent dans les Commentaries de César, sont écrits à côté des
+  portraits; les noms véritables ont été tracées au-dessous, mais un peu
+  plus tard, et par une main différente. Voici ces noms:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>"1<sup>o</sup>. <i>Quintus Pedius</i>, le grand-maistre de Boisy, âgé
+  de 41 ans; 2<sup>o</sup>. <i>le Fiable Divitiacus d'Autun</i>, l'Amiral
+  de Boisy, Seigneur de Bonivet, âgé de 34 ans; 3<sup>o</sup>. <i>Quintus
+  Titurius Sabinus</i>, Odet de Fones (Foix), Sieur de Lautrec, âgé de 41
+  ans; 4<sup>o</sup>. <i>Iccius</i>, le Mareschal de Chabanes, Seigneur de
+  la Palice, âgé de 57 ans; 5<sup>o</sup>. <i>Lucius Arunculeius Cotta</i>,
+  Anne de Montmorency, âgé de 22 ans, et depuis Connestable de France;
+  6<sup>o</sup>. <i>Publ. Sextius Baculus</i>, le Mareschal de Fleuranges,
+  Seigneur de la Marche (Mark), premier Seigneur de Sédan, âgé de 24 ans;
+  7<sup>o</sup>. <i>Publius Crassus</i>, le Sieur de Tournon, qui fust tué
+  à la bataille de Pavie, âgé de 36 ans.</p>
+
+  <p>"La plupart des miniatures du volume sont signées G., 1519. La
+  perfection qui les distingue les avait d'abord fait attribuer au célèbre
+  miniaturiste <i>Guilo Clovio</i>; maintenant on croit pouvoir affirmer
+  qu'elles appartiennent à un peintre nommé Godefroy. Il se trouve à la
+  bibliothèque de l'Arsenal une traduction française des Triomphes de
+  Pétrarque, avec des miniatures qui sont incontestablement de la même main
+  et de la même époque. Or, l'une de ces miniatures est signée
+  <i>Godefroy</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"On peut voir le rapprochement que fait entre les deux manuscrits M.
+  Waagen, dans l'ouvrage cité ci-dessus, Tome iii. p. 395. Il ne saurait,
+  du reste, y avoir aucun doute sur le nom de l'artiste, lorsqu'on lit dans
+  le <i>Bulletin du Bibliophile</i> (pages déjà citées) que <!-- Page 435
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page435"></a>{435}</span>plusieurs des
+  miniatures du Tome iii. sont signées <i>Godofredi pictoris</i>, 1520.</p>
+
+  <p>"Ce précieux manuscrit ne sera pas vendu; il a été légué par M. de
+  Bure au département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Impériale."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WILLIAM BLAKE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> p. 71.)</p>
+
+  <p>I venture to send you another Note regarding William Blake, claiming
+  for that humble individual the honour of being the pioneer in the
+  establishment of charity-schools in Britain, from which department of our
+  social system who can calculate the benefits accrued, and constantly
+  accruing, to this country!</p>
+
+  <p>We look in vain through the <i>Silver Drops</i> of William Blake for
+  any record of an existing institution, such as he would have his "noble
+  ladies" rear at Highgate. Among the many incentives he uses to prompt the
+  charitable, we do not find him holding up for their example any model
+  (unless it be "Old Sutton's brave hospital"); in all his amusing
+  "Charity-school Sticks," his tone is that of a man trying to persuade
+  people that the thing he proposes is feasible. "Some of them," says the
+  sanguine Blake, "have scarce faith enough to believe in the success of
+  this great and good design. Nay, your brother Cornish himself," continues
+  he, in addressing one of his ladies, although full of good works, "would
+  have persuaded me to lay it down" upon the ground of its
+  impracticability. The language of Blake is everywhere advocating this
+  "<i>new</i> way of charity." "If it be <i>new</i>," says he to an
+  objector, "the more's the pity;" and, with reference to the possibility
+  of failure, he would thus shame them into liberality. Speaking of his
+  "fine, handsome, and well cloathed boys; not too fine, because they are
+  the ladies'!" our enthusiast adds to this <i>soft sawdur</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"But now, if a year or two hence they should be grown, which God
+  forbid! poor ragged, half-starved, and no cloaths, country folks would
+  say, who ride or go that way, Were there not good ladies enough in and
+  about London to maintain <i>one</i> little school?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Here then is <i>primâ facie</i> evidence, I think, that my subject,
+  poor crazy William Blake, was the originator of one of the greatest
+  social improvements of modern times.</p>
+
+  <p>The charity-school movement had obtained a strong hold upon the public
+  mind early in the past century; but although I have sought for the name
+  of Blake through many books professing to give an account of the early
+  history of such institutions, I have not yet met with the slightest
+  allusion to him, his school, or his <i>Silver Drops</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The superficial inquirer into the history of English charity-schools
+  will be told that the honour of the first erecting such, and caring for
+  destitute children, is popularly considered due to the parishes of St.
+  Botulph, Aldgate, and St. Margaret's, Westminster: and if he would
+  farther satisfy himself upon that point, he will see it claimed by the
+  first named; a slab in front of their schools, adjoining the Royal Mint,
+  bearing an inscription to the purport that it was the first Protestant
+  charity-school, erected by voluntary contributions in 1693.</p>
+
+  <p>If it comes to the earliest London school for poor children, perhaps
+  the Catholics take the lead; for we find that it was part of the tactics
+  of the Jesuits, in the reign of James II., to promote their design of
+  subverting the Protestant religion by infusing their Romish tenets into
+  the minds of the children of the poor by providing schools for them in
+  the Savoy and Westminster.</p>
+
+  <p>Blake says, with reference to this movement:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That the scheme he was engaged upon was a good work, because it will
+  in some measure stop the mouths of Papists, who are prone to say, Where
+  are your works, and how few are your hospitals, and how small is your
+  charity, notwithstanding your great preaching?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A remarkable little book, and a very fit companion for the <i>Silver
+  Drops</i> of William Blake, to which it bears a striking similarity, is
+  the <i>Pietas Hallensis</i> of Dr. Franck. In this, the German divine
+  relates, in a style which bears more than an accidental resemblance to
+  the work of the Covent Garden Philanthropist, how, little by little, by
+  importunity and perseverance, he nursed his own charitable plans, of a
+  like kind, into full life and vigour; and both Drs. Woodward and Kennett
+  endorse and command the "miraculous footsteps of Divine Providence" in
+  the labours of Dr. Franck. "Could we," says Dr. Kennett, "trace the
+  obscurer footsteps of our own charity-schools, the finger of God would be
+  as evidently in them." Why the Bishop of Peterborough should be ignorant
+  of these earlier efforts to the same end in his own country, is somewhat
+  marvellous. Franck began his charitable work at Glaucha in 1698; while
+  Blake was labouring to establish his Highgate School in 1685. That Franck
+  should know nothing about our pioneer in charitable education, is
+  probable enough; but that the English divines I have mentioned, with
+  Wodrow, Gillies, and a host of others, should be unaware that the
+  proceedings at Halle were only the counterpart of those done fourteen
+  years before by Blake in their own land, is certainly surprising, and
+  affords another proof of the proneness of Britons to extol everything
+  foreign to the neglect of what is native and at their own doors.</p>
+
+  <p>Perhaps some of your readers will think I over-estimate the importance
+  of the question, whether the charity-school movement is of British or
+  foreign growth; or whether the honour of its application to the poor (for
+  all <i>charity</i>-schools are not for such) belongs to my subject
+  William Blake, or <!-- Page 436 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page436"></a>{436}</span>some other philanthropic individual; if
+  such there be, let them repair to our Metropolitan Cathedral on the day
+  of the annual assemblage of the London charity children: and if, on
+  contemplating the spectacle which will there meet their eye, they do not
+  think it an object of interest to discover who, as Dr. Kennett says,
+  "first cast in the <i>salt</i> at the fountain-head to heal the
+  <i>waters</i>, and broke the ground that was before barren," I pity
+  them.</p>
+
+  <p>In concocting this Note, I have had before me the following:</p>
+
+  <p>1. Lysons's <i>Environs of London</i>, 1795, where will be found a
+  short notice of Blake. The author, following Gough, makes my subject a
+  madman, and says his scheme "failed after laying out 5000<i>l.</i> upon
+  it."</p>
+
+  <p>2. <i>Sermon preached for Charity-schools</i>, by Dr. Kennett,
+  1706.</p>
+
+  <p>3. <i>Sermons of Dr. Smalridge and T. Yulden</i>, 1710 and 1728. These
+  divines give the precedence to Westminster School, "erected 1688."</p>
+
+  <p>4. <i>Wodrow's Letters</i>, edited by Dr. M<sup>c</sup>Crie, 3 vols.,
+  Edin. 1843.</p>
+
+  <p>5. <i>Pietas Hallensis</i>: or an Abstract of the Marvellous Footsteps
+  of Divine Providence, in the building of a very large Hospital, or rather
+  a Spacious College, for Charitable and Excellent Uses; and in the
+  maintaining of many Orphans, and other Poor People therein at Glaucha,
+  near Halle in Prussia, related by the Rev. A.&nbsp;H. Franck, 3 parts, 12mo.,
+  London, 1707-16. Let the curious reader compare this with Blake's
+  book.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. O.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Legends of the County Clare.</i>&mdash;About nine miles westward
+  from the town of Ennis, in the midst of some of the wildest scenery in
+  Ireland, lies the small but very beautiful Lake of Inchiquin, famous
+  throughout the neighbouring country for its red trout, and for being in
+  winter the haunt of almost all the various kinds of waterfowl, including
+  the wild swan, that are to be found in Ireland, while the woods that
+  border one of its sides are amply stocked with woodcocks. At one
+  extremity of the lake are the ruins of the Castle of Inchiquin, part of
+  which is built on a rock projecting into the lake, there about one
+  hundred feet deep, and this legend is related of the old
+  castle:&mdash;Once upon a time, the chieftain of the Quins, whose
+  stronghold it was, found in one of the caves (many of which are in the
+  limestone hills that surround the lake) a lady of great beauty, fast
+  asleep. While gazing on her in rapt admiration she awoke, and, according
+  to the customs of the Heroic Age, soon consented to become his bride,
+  merely stipulating that no one bearing the name of O'Brien should be
+  allowed to enter the castle gate: this being agreed to, the wedding was
+  celebrated with all due pomp, and in process of time one lovely boy
+  blessed their union. Among the other rejoicings at the birth of an heir
+  to the chief of the clan, a grand hunting-match took place, and the chase
+  having terminated near the castle, the chieftain, as in duty bound,
+  requested the assembled nobles to partake of his hospitality. To this a
+  ready assent was given, and the chiefs were ushered into the great hall
+  with all becoming state; and then for the first time did their host
+  discover that one bearing the forbidden name was among them The banquet
+  was served, and now the absence of the lady of the castle alone delayed
+  the onslaught on the good things spread before them. Surprised and half
+  afraid at her absence, her husband sought her chamber: on entering, he
+  saw her sitting pensively with her child at the window which overlooked
+  the lake; raising her head as he approached, he saw she was weeping, and
+  as he advanced towards her with words of apology for having broken his
+  promise, she sprang through the window with her child into the lake. The
+  wretched man rushed forward with a cry of horror: for one moment he saw
+  her gliding over the waters, now fearfully disturbed, chanting a wild
+  dirge, and then, with a mingled look of grief and reproach, she
+  disappeared for ever! And the castle and the lordship, with many a broad
+  acre besides, passed from the Quins, and are now the property of the
+  O'Briens to this day; and while the rest of the castle is little better
+  than a heap of ruins, the fatal window still remains nearly as perfect as
+  when the lady sprang through it, an irrefragable proof of the truth of
+  the legend in the eyes of the peasantry.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis Robert Davies</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Seven Whisperers.</i>&mdash;I have been informed by an old and
+  trustworthy servant that about twenty years ago, as he was walking one
+  clear starlight night with two other persons, they heard, for the space
+  of several minutes, high up in the air, beautiful sounds like music,
+  which gradually died away towards the north. He spoke of it as an
+  occurrence not very uncommon, and said it was always called "The Seven
+  Whisperers." On inquiry I found the name well known amongst the poorer
+  classes.</p>
+
+  <p>Is it not an electrical phenomenon?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Metaouo</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Essex.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ITALIAN-ENGLISH, GERMAN-ENGLISH, AND THE REFUGEE STYLE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 149.)</p>
+
+  <p>Every one has admired the odd bits of Italian-English which "N. &amp;
+  Q." lately published, a true <!-- Page 437 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page437"></a>{437}</span>philological curiosity. Such queer medleys
+  have been the result whenever two opposite idioms have been thrown
+  together and unskilfully stirred up. Very few foreigners indeed,
+  Sclavonic nations being excepted, and particularly the Russians, write
+  French tolerably well. The present Lord Mahon and Lady Montaigne, in an
+  excellent <i>Essay on Marriage</i>, are exceptions to the rule. Voltaire
+  used to say,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Faites tous vos vers à Paris;</p>
+      <p>Et n'allez pas en Allemagne!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And very right he was. His kingly disciple committed more than once
+  such Irish rhymes as these:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Je vais cueillir dans leurs sentiers (des Muses)</p>
+      <p>De fraîches et charmantes roses;</p>
+      <p>Et je dédaigne les lauriers,</p>
+      <p>En exceptant les lauriers <i>sauces</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Forgetting the difference of pronunciation between the soft <i>s</i>
+  of <i>rose (roze)</i> and the lisping sound of the <i>c</i> in <i>sauce
+  (sôss)</i>. As I have not by me the ponderous and voluminous works of the
+  poetical monarch, I may have altered some of the words of the quotation;
+  but the rhymes <i>sauce</i> and <i>rose</i> I aver to be true to the
+  primitive copy. Even Protestant refugees, born of French parents, brought
+  up amongst their co-religionists and countrymen, wrote a strange
+  gibberish, often ungrammatical, always unidiomatic, of which traces may
+  be found even in Basnage and Ancillon. A recent French theologian, the
+  clever author of a Life of Spinosa, written in Germany and published in
+  Paris with some success, has such expressions as these:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Les villes protestantes preferent la liberté avec Calvin <span
+  class="scac">QUE</span> la tyrannique concorde avec
+  Luther."&mdash;<i>Hist. Crit. du Rationalisme</i>, p. 49.</p>
+
+  <p>"Et ailleuz: Stuttgard Dontil etait conservateur <span class="scac">DE
+  LA</span> Bibliothèque."-<i>Ib</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And M. Amand Saintes is a Frenchman, and a most erudite man. The
+  Celebrated Frau Bettina von Arnim, who dared to translate into English
+  and to print in Berlin (apud Trowitzsch and Son, 1838), under the new
+  title of <i>Diary of a Child</i>, her own untranslateable letters to
+  Göthe, had at least the very good excuse of her nationality for her
+  peculiar English, the choicest, funniest, maddest, and saddest English
+  ever penned on this planet or in any other, and of which I hope "N. &amp;
+  Q." will accept some small specimens, taken at random among thousands
+  such. To begin with the opening address:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<i>To the English Bards</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"Gentlemen!&mdash;The noble cup of your mellifluous tongue so often
+  brimmed with immortality, here filled with odd but pure and fiery
+  draught, do not refuse to taste if you relish its spirit to be homefelt,
+  though not home-born."</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Bettina Arnim</span>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>We will next pass to the "Preamble":</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The translating of Göthe's Correspondence with a Child into English
+  was generally disapproved of. Previous to its publication in Germany, the
+  well-renowned Mrs. Austin, by regard for the great German poet, proposed
+  to translate it; but after having perused it with attention, the literate
+  and the most famed bookseller of London thought unadvisable the
+  publication of a book that in every way widely differed from the spirit
+  and feelings of the English, and therefore it could not be depended upon
+  for exciting their interest. Mrs. Austin, by her gracious mind to comply
+  with my wishes, proposed to publish some fragments of it, but as no
+  musician ever likes to have only those passages of his composition
+  executed that blandish the ear, I likewise refused my assent to the
+  maiming of a work, that not by my own merit, but by chance and nature
+  became a work of art, that only in the untouched development of its
+  genius might judiciously be enjoyed and appraised."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Our next and last is taken from p. 133.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"From those venturesome and spirit-night-wanderings I came home with
+  garments wet with melted snow; they believed I had been in the garden.
+  When night I forgot all; on the next evening at the same time it came
+  back to my mind, and the fear too I had suffered; I could not conceive,
+  how I had ventured to walk alone on that desolate road in the night, and
+  to stay on such a waste dreadful spot; I stood leaning at the court gate;
+  to-day it was not so mild and still as yesterday; the gales rose high and
+  roared along; they sighed up at my feet and hastened on yonder side, the
+  fluttering poplars in the garden bowed and flung off their snow-burden,
+  the clouds drove away in a great hurry, what rooted fast wavered yonder,
+  and what could ever be loosened, was swept away by the hastening
+  breezes." (!!!).</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>P. S.&mdash;Excuse my French-English.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Philarète Chasles</span>, Mazarianæus</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Paris, Palais de l'Institut.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of "Delighted" in some Places of Shakspeare.</i>&mdash;I am
+  sorry to be obliged to differ so often in opinion with H.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;K., but as
+  we are both, I trust, solely actuated by the love of truth, he no doubt
+  will excuse me. My difference now with him is about "<i>delighted</i>
+  spirit," by which he understands the "tender <i>delicate</i> spirit,"
+  while I take it to be the "<i>delectable</i>" or "<i>delightful</i>
+  spirit." As I think this is founded on the Latin, I beg permission to
+  quote the following portion of my note on Jug. ii. 3. in my edition of
+  Sallust:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Incorruptus</i>, <span title="aphthartos" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F04;&phi;&theta;&alpha;&rho;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span> ,
+  <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i> incapable of dissolution, the <i>incorruptibilis</i> of the
+  Fathers of the Church. In imitation probably of the Greek verbal
+  adjective in <span title="tos" class="grk">&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>,
+  as <span title="hairetos" class="grk"
+  >&alpha;&#x1F31;&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&#x1F79;&sigmaf;</span>, <span
+  title="streptos" class="grk"
+  >&sigma;&tau;&rho;&epsilon;&pi;&tau;&#x1F79;&sigmaf;</span>, etc., the
+  Latins, especially Sallust, sometimes used the past part. as equivalent
+  to an adj. in <i>bilis</i>: comp. xliii, 5.; lxxvi. 1.; xci. 7.; Cat.
+  <span class="scac">I</span>. 4.,</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 438 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page438"></a>{438}</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Non <i>exorato</i> stant adamante viæ;' Propert. <span class="scac">IV</span>. 11. 4.,</p>
+      <p class="hg1">'Mare scopulis <i>inaccessum</i>;' Plin. <i>Nat. Hist.</i>, <span class="scac">XII</span>. 14.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It is in this sense that <i>flexus</i> is to be understood in Virg.
+  <i>Æn.</i>, v. 500."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The same employment of the past part. is frequent in our old English
+  writers, and I rather think that they adopted it from the Latin. The
+  earliest instance which I find in my notes is from Golding, who renders
+  the <i>tonitrus et inevitabile fulmen</i> of Ovid (<i>Met.</i> <span
+  class="scac">III</span>. 301.):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"With dry and dreadful thunderclaps and lightning to the same,</p>
+      <p>Of deadly and <i>unavoided</i> dint."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In Milton I have noticed the following participles used in this sense:
+  <i>unmoved</i>, <i>abhorred</i>, <i>unnumbered</i>, <i>unapproached</i>,
+  <i>dismayed</i>, <i>unreproved</i>, <i>unremoved</i>, <i>unsucceeded</i>,
+  <i>preferred</i>. But as Milton was addicted to Latinising, I will give
+  some examples from Shakspeare himself:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Now thou art come unto a feast of death</p>
+      <p>A terrible and <i>unavoided</i> danger."&mdash;<i>1 Hen. VI.</i>, Act IV. Sc. 5.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"We see the very wreck that we must suffer,</p>
+      <p>And <i>unavoided</i> the danger now,</p>
+      <p>For suffering so the causes of our wreck."&mdash;<i>Rich. II.</i>, Act II. Sc. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"All <i>unavoided</i> is the doom of destiny."&mdash;<i>Rich. III.</i>, Act IV. Sc. 4.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Inestimable stones, <i>unvalued</i> jewels."&mdash;<i>Ib.</i>, Act I. Sc. 4.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Tell them that when my mother went with child</p>
+      <p>Of that <i>insatiate</i> Edward."&mdash;<i>Ib.</i>, Act III. Sc. 5.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I am not glad that such a sore of time</p>
+      <p>Should seek a plaster by <i>contemned</i> revolt."&mdash;<i>King John</i>, Act V. Sc 2.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"The murmuring surge</p>
+      <p>That on the <i>unnumber'd</i> idle pebbles chafes."&mdash;<i>Lear</i>, Act IV. Sc. 6.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O, <i>undistinguished</i> space of woman's will."&mdash;<i>Ib.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I could give instances from Spenser and even from Pope, but shall only
+  observe that when we say "an <i>undoubted</i> fact" we mean an
+  <i>indubitable</i> one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;I am not disposed to quarrel with H.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;K.'s derivation of
+  <i>awkward</i> (Vol. viii., p. 310.), but I must observe that the more
+  exact correlative of <i>toward</i> seems to be <i>wayward</i>. The
+  Anglo-Saxons appear to have pronounced their &#x21D; as <i>g</i>; but
+  after the Conquest it was pronounced hard in some cases, and so
+  <i>wayward</i> and <i>awkward</i> may have the same origin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shakspeare Portrait.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents state
+  whether the sign of Shakspeare, said to have been painted at a cost of
+  150<i>l.</i>, and which in 1764 graced a tavern then in Drury Lane,
+  called "The Shakspeare," and in that year was taken down and removed into
+  the country, and used for a similar purpose, still exists, add where? and
+  is the artist who painted such known?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charlecott.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>"Taming of the Shrew."</i>&mdash;I cannot help thinking that
+  Christopher Sly merely means that he is fourteenpence on the score for
+  <i>sheer</i> ale,&mdash;nothing but ale; neither bread nor meat, horse
+  housing, or bed.</p>
+
+  <p>He has <i>drunk</i> the entire amount, and glories in his iniquity,
+  like a true tippler.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. H. K.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lord Bacon and Shakspeare.</i>&mdash;Can any of those
+  correspondents of "N. &amp; Q." who have devoted attention to the lives
+  of two of England's greatest worthies, Francis Bacon and William
+  Shakspeare, account for the extraordinary fact that, although these two
+  highly gifted men were cotemporaries, no mention of or allusion to the
+  other is to be found in the writings of either? Bacon was born in 1561,
+  and died in 1626; Shakspeare, who was born in 1563, and died ten years
+  before the great chancellor, not only loved</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To suck the sweets of sweet philosophy,"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>but breathes throughout every page of his wondrous writings a spirit
+  of philosophy as profound as his imagination is unlimited; yet nowhere,
+  it is believed, can he be traced as making the slight allusion to the
+  great father of modern philosophy. Bacon, on the other hand, whom one can
+  scarcely suppose to have been ignorant of the writings of the dramatist,
+  but who indeed may rather be believed to have known him personally, seems
+  altogether to ignore his existence, or the existence of any of his
+  matchless works. As the solution of this problem could not but throw much
+  light on that most interesting subject,&mdash;the history of the minds of
+  Shakespeare and Bacon,&mdash;I venture to throw it out as a fit subject
+  for the research of some of your contributors versed in the writings of
+  these great spirits of their own age, no less than of all time.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Theta.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Decomposed Cloth.</i>&mdash;In Mr. Wright's valuable work on <i>The
+  Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon</i>, p. 308., is mentioned the discovery
+  at York of a Roman coffin, in which were distinctly visible "the colour,
+  a rich purple," as well as texture of the cloth with which the body it
+  had contained had been covered.</p>
+
+  <p>I should think that the colour observed was not that of the ancient
+  dye, but rather was caused by phosphate of iron, formed by the
+  combination of iron contained in the soil or water, with phosphoric acid,
+  arising from the decomposition of animal matter. It may often be observed
+  in similar cases, as about animal remains found in bogs, and about
+  ancient leather articles found in <!-- Page 439 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page439"></a>{439}</span>excavations, especially
+  when any iron is in contact with them, or in the soles of shoes or
+  sandals studded with nails.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Wallington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>First and Last.</i>&mdash;There cannot be two words more different
+  in meaning than these, and yet they are both used to express the same
+  sense! Of two authors equally eminent, one shall write that a thing is of
+  the <i>first</i> and the other of the <i>last</i> importance, though each
+  means the <i>greatest</i> or <i>utmost</i>. How is this? To me
+  <i>first</i> appears preferable, though <i>last</i> may be justifiable.
+  Being on the subject of words, I am reminded of <i>obnoxious</i>, which
+  is applied in the strangest ways by different authors. It is true that
+  the Roman writers used <i>obnoxius</i> in various senses; but it does not
+  seem so pliable or smooth in English. Generally it is held to indicate
+  <i>disagreeable</i> or <i>inimical</i>, though our dictionaries do not
+  admit it to have either of those meanings!</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. B. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cucumber Time.</i>&mdash;This term, which the working-tailors of
+  England use to denote that which their masters call "the flat season,"
+  has been imported from a country which periodically sends many hundreds
+  of its tailors to seek employment in our metropolis. The German phrase is
+  "Die saure Gurken Zeit," or pickled gherkin time. A misunderstanding of
+  the meaning of the phrase may have given rise to the vulgar witticism,
+  that tailors are vegetarians, who "live on cucumber" while at play, and
+  on "cabbage" while at work.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>MS. Sermons of the Eighteenth Century.</i>&mdash;Having lately
+  become possessed, at the sale of an an old library, of some MS. Sermons
+  by the Rev. J. Harris, Rector of Abbotsbury, Dorset, from the year 1741
+  to 1763, I shall be happy to place them in the hands of any descendant of
+  that gentleman.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Ewart.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Pimperne, Dorset.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Boswell's "Johnson."</i>&mdash;In vol. v. p. 272. of <i>my</i>
+  favourite edition, and p. 784. of the edition in one volume, Johnson,
+  writing to Brocklesby, under date Sept. 2, 1784, calls Windham "inter
+  stellas Luna minores." Boswell, in a note, says, "It is remarkable that
+  so good a Latin scholar as Johnson should have been so inattentive to the
+  metre, as by mistake to have written <i>stellas</i> instead of
+  <i>ignes</i>." Now, with all due deference, a Captain of Native Infantry
+  ventures to suggest that both <i>stellas</i> and <i>ignes</i> are wrong,
+  and that Johnson was thinking of the noble opening of Horace's 15th
+  Epode:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nox erat, et c&oelig;lo fulgebat <i>Luna</i> sereno,</p>
+      <p class="i1"><i>Inter minora</i> sidera."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">F. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bangalore.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Stage Coaches.</i>&mdash;It occurs to me as highly desirable that,
+  before the recollection of the old stage coach has faded from the memory
+  of all but the oldest inhabitant, an authentic statement should be placed
+  on record of the length of the stages, and the speed that was obtained,
+  by this mode of conveyance, in which England was for so many years
+  without a rival.</p>
+
+  <p>The speed of mail coaches is, I believe chronicled in the British
+  Almanac of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge; but their
+  speed, if I mistake not, was surpassed by that of the "Rival," which
+  travelled (from Monmouth, I think) to London after the opening of the
+  Great Western Railway.</p>
+
+  <p>Could any of your correspondents favour us with the time-bill of that
+  coach, detailing the length of the several stages, and the time of
+  performance? It would also be interesting to chronicle the period during
+  which this rivalry with the railway was maintained.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. E. Frere.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Antecedents.</i>&mdash;The word "antecedents," as a plural, and in
+  the sense attached to it by the French, is not to be found in any English
+  dictionary that I have the means of consulting. And yet it seems now to
+  be commonly used as an English expression, even by some of our best
+  writers.</p>
+
+  <p>When was this word first imported, and by whom? I have just met with
+  an instance of it in Jerdan's <i>Autobiography</i>, vol. i. p. 131.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I got him (Hammon), with a full knowledge of his antecedents, into
+  the employment of a humane and worthy wine merchant of Bordeaux."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Letter X.</i>&mdash;The letter X on brewers' casks is probably
+  thus derived:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Simplex</i> = single x, or X.</p>
+      <p><i>Duplex</i> = double x, or XX.</p>
+      <p><i>Triplex</i> = treble x, or XXX.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>This was suggested by Owen's <i>Epigram</i>, lib. xii. 34.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Laudatur vinum <i>simplex</i>, cervisia <i>duplex</i>,</p>
+      <p>Est bona duplicitas, optima simplicitas."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>A Crow-bar.</i>&mdash;In Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i> the
+  explanation given of this word is "piece of iron used as a lever to force
+  open doors, as the Latins called a hook <i>corvus</i>." In Walters'
+  <i>English and Welsh Dictionary</i>, the first part of which was
+  published about the year 1770, this word is printed "<i>Croe</i>-bar." Is
+  it probable that the word <i>crow</i> has been derived front the
+  Camb.-Brit. word <i>cro</i>, a curve? and that the name has been given
+  from the circumstance of one end of a crow-bar being curved for the
+  purpose of making it more efficient as lever?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 440 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page440"></a>{440}</span></p>
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Bishop Grehan.</i>&mdash;I want any information obtainable with
+  reference to a Roman Catholic bishop in Ireland named Grehan; his
+  Christian name, family, date of his bishopric, and name of it. Where can
+  I find such particulars?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">O. L. R. G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Doxology.</i>&mdash;In his "Christmas Caroll" to the tune of "King
+  Solomon," old Tusser has the following:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"To God the Son and Holy Ghost,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Let man give thanks, rejoice, and sing,</p>
+      <p>From world to world, from coast to coast,</p>
+      <p class="i1">For all good gifts so many ways,</p>
+      <p class="i2">That God doth send.</p>
+      <p class="i1">Let us in Christ give God the praise,</p>
+      <p class="i2">Till life shall end!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Query, Is this the origin of our own doxologies?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L. A. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Great Yarmouth.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arrow-mark.</i>&mdash;On an ancient pump of wood, extracted from
+  the Poltimore mine in North Devon, I perceive a deeply cut arrow-mark.
+  What is the inference as to the age of this relic from the mark referred
+  to? The fragment is that of a large oak tree hollowed out, and now
+  decomposing from exposure after its long burial.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. R. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Gabriel Poyntz.</i>&mdash;There is a portrait here inscribed
+  "Gabriel Poyntz, an. Domini 1568, ætatis suæ 36:" and having a coat of
+  arms painted on it, Barry of eight, or and gules, with a crest very
+  indistinct; but apparently a lion's head, and the motto "Clainte
+  refrainte."</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your correspondents inform me of the meaning of this motto,
+  and the language in which it is expressed; and also what the crest
+  is?</p>
+
+  <p>G. Poyntz was of South Okendon in Essex, and there is an account of
+  his family in Morant's <i>Essex</i>; from which it appears that he was
+  descended from the family of Poyntz of Tockington in
+  <i>Gloucestershire</i>, of which there is an account in Atkins'
+  Gloucestershire. He was afterwards knighted.&mdash;Any information as to
+  him, in addition to that which is contained in Morant, would be very
+  acceptable.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. G. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bradley, Ashbourne.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Queen Elizabeth's and Queen Anne's Motto, "Semper
+  eadem."</i>&mdash;Upon what occasion, and by what authority was the motto
+  "Semper eadem" used as the royal motto in the reign of Elizabeth?</p>
+
+  <p>The authority for Queen Anne's motto has been afforded by your
+  correspondent G. (Vol. viii., p. 255.); though he has not fully answered
+  the original Query (Vol. viii., p. 174.), as the motto in question was
+  signified to the public in the <i>London Gazette</i>, Dec. 21-24, 1702;
+  was ordered to be <i>continued</i> in 1707, and to be <i>discontinued</i>
+  (by an order in council) on the accession of the House of Hanover in
+  1714, when the old motto "Dieu et mon droit" was resumed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Z. Z. Z.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bees.</i>&mdash;In these parts the increase of the apiary is known
+  by the three following names:&mdash;The first migration from the parent
+  hive is (as all your country readers are aware) a <i>swarm</i>; the next
+  is called a <i>cast</i>; while the third increase, in the same season,
+  goes under the name of a <i>cote</i>. Perhaps some one will kindly inform
+  me if these names are common in other parts of England; and if there are
+  any other local designations for the different departures of these insect
+  colonists.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John P. Stilwell.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dorking.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Nelly O'Brien and Kitty Fisher.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some of the
+  readers of "N. &amp; Q." can tell me where information is to be found
+  respecting these two celebrated women, who have been immortalised by Sir
+  Joshua Reynolds, and whose portraits are sometimes to be met with.</p>
+
+  <p>"Cleopatra dissolving the Pearl" is a portrait of Kitty, and he
+  probably introduced them both into some of his fancy pictures.</p>
+
+  <p>As I happen to possess a good portrait of one of them, I should like
+  to know something of their history.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cantab.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">University Club.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Homo unius libri."</i>&mdash;To whom does this saying ing
+  originally belong? The <i>British Critic</i> gives it to St. Thomas
+  Aquinas:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"When asked on one occasion who is in the way to become learned, he
+  answered, 'Whoever will content himself with the reading of a single
+  book."&mdash;<i>The British Critic</i>, No. <span
+  class="scac">LIX</span>. p. 202.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Now the fierce bear," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers
+  inform me who is the author of the following lines?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Now the fierce bear and leopard keen,</p>
+      <p>All perished as they ne'er had been;</p>
+      <p>Oblivion's their best home.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p>There is an oath on high,</p>
+      <p>That ne'er on brow of mortal birth,</p>
+      <p>Shall blend again the crowns of earth."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&theta;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Prejudice against Holy Confirmation.</i>&mdash;I have found among
+  my rural parishioners an idea very prevalent, that it is wrong, or at
+  least highly improper, for a married woman to become a candidate for, or
+  to receive holy confirmation; and this quite apart from any sectarian
+  views on the matter. I should like to know if any of my <!-- Page 441
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page441"></a>{441}</span>clerical
+  brethren have noticed the same superstition as I must call it. Labourers'
+  wives in some cases have at once stated their being married as a valid
+  objection; and in others their husbands, although Churchmen, have at once
+  entered their <i>veto</i> on their being confirmed. Can it arise from any
+  vague reminiscence of the practical rule of the Church of England on the
+  subject, which has been so long ignored?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Epigram on MacAdam.</i>&mdash;Who was the author of the following
+  epigram?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My Essay on Roads, quoth MacAdam, lies there,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The result of a life's lucubration;</p>
+      <p>But does not the title page look rather bare?</p>
+      <p class="i1">I long for a Latin quotation.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"A Delphin edition of Virgil stood nigh,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To second his classic desire;</p>
+      <p>When the road-maker hit on the shepherd's reply,</p>
+      <p class="i1hg1">'<i>Miror Magis</i>,' I rather <i>add</i>-mire."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><a href="images/oldewn.png"><img src="images/oldewn.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Old English W. N." /></a></p>
+
+  <p><i>Jane Scrimshaw.</i>&mdash;Can any of your numerous correspondents
+  inform me if there is any other biographical notice of Jane Scrimshaw,
+  who attained the advanced age of 127, and resided for upwards of eighty
+  years in the Merchant Taylors' Almshouse, near Little Tower Hill, than
+  that recorded in Caulfield's <i>Memoirs of Remarkable Characters</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. T. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Word "Quadrille."</i>&mdash;May I trouble some kind reader to
+  give me the origin, derivation, full and literal meaning, and the several
+  senses, in their regular succession, of the above word <i>Quadrille</i>?
+  There seems to be much uncertainty attached to the word.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Veritatis Amicus.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Oxon.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Hungarians in Paules.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some of the ingenious
+  contributors to "N. &amp; Q." may be able to assist P.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;S. to
+  explain the following passage in the dedication of a rare little book
+  <i>Dekker's Dreame</i> (Lond. 4to. 1620). It is inscribed:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To the truly accomplished gentleman, and worthy deserver of all men's
+  loves, Master Endymion Porter. Sir, if you aske why, from the heapes of
+  men, I picke you out only to be that <i>Murus ahæneus</i> which must
+  defend me, lett me tell you (what you knowe allready) that bookes are
+  like the Hungarians in Paules, who have a priviledge to holde out their
+  Turkish history for anie one to reade. They beg nothing: the texted
+  past-bord talkes all&mdash;and if nothing be given, nothing is spoken,
+  but God knowes what they thinke!"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>An explanation of the above passage is very earnestly desired by</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. C. S. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ferns Wanted.</i>&mdash;Specimens of the following rare ferns are
+  much wanted to complete a collection:&mdash;<i>Woodsia ilvensis</i>,
+  <i>Woodsia alpina</i>, <i>Cystopteris montana</i>, <i>Lastrea
+  cristata</i>, <i>Lastrea recurva</i>, <i>Lastrea multiflora</i>,
+  <i>Asplenium alterniflorum</i>, <i>Trichomanes speciosum</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The undersigned will feel very much obliged to any charitable person,
+  residing near the <i>habitat</i> of any of the above-mentioned ferns, who
+  would take the trouble to forward to him, if not a root, at least a
+  specimen for drying, he need scarcely say that any expenses will be most
+  cheerfully defrayed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Cooper Key.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Stretton Rectory, near Hereford.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Craton the Philosopher.</i>&mdash;Two of the figures on the brass
+  font in the church of St. Bartholomew at Liège are superscribed Johannes
+  Evangelista et Craton Philosophus.&mdash;Can any reader of "N. &amp; Q."
+  say if anything is known about the latter, who is represented as being
+  baptized by the Evangelist?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Solar Annual Eclipse in the Year 1263.</i>&mdash;In the
+  Norwegian account of Haco's expedition against Scotland, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1263, published in the original Islandic from
+  the Flateyan and Frisian MSS., with a literal English version by the Rev.
+  James Johnstone, I read as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"While King Haco lay in Ronaldsvo, a great darkness drew over the sun;
+  so that only a little ring was bright round the sun, and it continued so
+  for some hours."&mdash;P. 45.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>King Haco, according to the account, left Bergen on his expedition
+  "three nights before the 'Selian' vigils ... with all his fleet," and,
+  "having got a gentle breeze, was two nights at sea when he reached that
+  harbour of Shetland called Breydeyiar Sound (Bressay Sound, I presume)
+  with a great part of his navy." Here he remained "near half a month, and
+  from thence sailed to the Orkneys; and continued some time at Elidarwick,
+  which is near Kirkwall.... After St. Olave's wake (July 18, O.&nbsp;S.) King
+  Haco, leaving Elidarwick, sailed south before the Mull of Ronaldsha, with
+  all the navy;" and being joined by Ronald from the Orkneys, with the
+  ships that had followed him, he "led the whole armament into Ronaldsha,
+  which he left upon the vigil of St. Lawrence (July 30, O.&nbsp;S.)."</p>
+
+  <p>Now I wish to know, 1. On what day in August this eclipse took place,
+  the day of the week, commencement of the eclipse, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>2. Whether any cotemporary, or other writer besides the Icelandic
+  historian, has recorded this eclipse?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Fitzroy Street.</p>
+
+  <p><i>D'Israeli&mdash;how spelt?</i>&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Caucasus</span> is so fortunate as to possess all the
+  acknowledged works of D'Israeli the elder, as published by himself. In
+  the title-page of every one of them, the name <!-- Page 442 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page442"></a>{442}</span>of the elegant and
+  accomplished author is spelt (as above) <i>with</i> an apostrophe. In the
+  late edition of his collected works, by his no less accomplished son, the
+  name is printed <i>without</i> the apostrophe. Indeed the name so appears
+  in all the works of Mr. D'Israeli the younger; a practice which he seems
+  to have taken up even in the lifetime of his father, who spelt it
+  differently. Can any of your readers inform <span
+  class="sc">Caucasus</span> of the reason of this difference, and of the
+  authority for it, and which is the correct mode? He has vainly sought for
+  information in the Heralds' Visitation books for Buckinghamshire,
+  preserved in the British Museum.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Caucasus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Richard Oswald.</i>&mdash;Could any of your correspondents give me
+  any information respecting Mr. Richard Oswald, the commissioner who
+  negociated the Treaty of 1782 at Paris, with Franklin, and his other
+  colleagues, representing the United States? Is there any obituary or
+  biographical notice of him in existence?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cromwell's Descendants.</i>&mdash;Oliver Cromwell's daughter
+  Bridget was baptized August 4, 1624; married to Ireton January 15,
+  1646-7; a widow Nov. 26, 1651; married to General Fleetwood, Lord
+  President in Ireland, before 1652; died at Stoke, near London,
+  1681.&mdash;Can any of your correspondents furnish the date of this
+  lady's marriage with Fleetwood; also, a list of her children and
+  grandchildren by Fleetwood? It is supposed that Captain Fleetwood's
+  daughter, <i>i. e.</i> the General's granddaughter, married a Berry.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Erin.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Letter of Archbishop Curwen to Archbishop Parker.</i>&mdash;In
+  <i>The Hunting of the Romish Fox</i>, collected by Sir James Ware, and
+  edited by Robert Ware (8vo., Dublin, 1683), there is a long account of an
+  image of the Saviour which, to the astonishment of the good people of
+  Dublin, and by the contrivance of one Father Leigh, sweated blood in the
+  year 1559. It is added, at p. 90.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Archbishop of Dublin wrote <i>this relation and to this
+  effect</i>, to his brother, Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker, who
+  was very joyful at the receipt thereof, by reason," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The whole chapter in which this occurs is stated to be "taken out of
+  the Lord Cecil's <i>Memorials</i>." Can any of your readers give me
+  assistance in finding these <i>Memorials</i>, or this letter to
+  Archbishop Parker, or a copy of it? I intended to have made it an object
+  of inquiry and search in Dublin, but I have been prevented accomplishing
+  my design of visiting that country. Perhaps some of your Irish readers
+  may be able to help me.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Bruce.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Margaret Patten.</i>&mdash;I have just seen a curious old picture,
+  executed at least a century ago, and which was lately found amongst some
+  family papers. It is a half-length of an old woman in homely looking
+  garments; a dark blue stuff gown, the sleeves partially rolled up, and
+  white sleeving protruding from under, not unlike the fashion of to-day; a
+  white and blue checked apron; around her neck a white tippet and a
+  handkerchief, on her head a "mutch," or close linen cap, and a lace or
+  embroidered band across her forehead to hide the absence of hair. She
+  holds something undistinguishable in one hand.</p>
+
+  <p>The picture is about 10 × 8 inches, and is done on glass, evidently
+  transferred from an engraving on steel. The colours have been laid on
+  with hand, and then, to preserve and make an opaque back, it has received
+  a coating of plaster of Paris; altogether in its treatment resembling a
+  coloured photograph.</p>
+
+  <p>By-the-bye, I am sorry I could not get a copy (photographic) of it, or
+  that would have rendered intelligible what I fear my lame descriptions
+  cannot. Beneath the figure is the following inscription:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Margaret Patten</span>,</p>
+
+  <p>Born in the Parish of Lochnugh, near Pairsley in Scotland, now Liveing
+  in the Work House of St. Marg<sup>ts</sup>, Westminsster, aged 138."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There is no date appended.</p>
+
+  <p>The word "Lochnugh" in the inscription is evidently spelt from the
+  Scotch pronunciation of Lochwinnoch, near Paisley.</p>
+
+  <p>I should be very glad if any of your readers or correspondents in
+  London could ascertain if the name, &amp;c. is to be found in the records
+  of St. Margaret's, Westminster, and also give me some facts as to the
+  history of this poor old Scotch woman, left destitute so far from home
+  and kindred.</p>
+
+  <p>If it can be authenticated, it will make another item for your list of
+  longevals.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James B. Murdoch.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Glasgow.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In the Board-room of the workhouse of St. Margaret's, Westminster, is
+  a portrait of Margaret Patten, which corresponds with the picture just
+  described, and bears the following inscription:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Margaret Patten</span>, aged 136: the Gift of John
+  Dowsell, William Goff, Matthew Burnett, Thomas Parker, Robert Wright,
+  John Parquot, Overseers, anno 1737."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Margaret Patten was buried in the burial-ground of what was then
+  called the Broadway Church, now Christ Church, and there is a stone on
+  the eastern boundary wall inscribed, "Near this place lieth <span
+  class="sc">Margaret Patten</span>, who died June 26, 1739, in the Parish
+  Workhouse, aged 136." In Walcott's <i>Memorials of <!-- Page 443 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page443"></a>{443}</span>Westminster</i>, p.
+  288., we are told "she was a native of Lochborough, near Paisley. She was
+  brought to England to prepare Scotch broth for King James II., but, owing
+  to the abdication of that monarch, fell into poverty and died in St.
+  Margaret's workhouse, where her portrait is still preserved. Her body was
+  followed to the grave by the parochial authorities and many of the
+  principal inhabitants, while the children sang a hymn before it reached
+  its last resting-place."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Etymology of "Coin."</i>&mdash;What is the etymology of our noun
+  and verb <i>coin</i> and <i>to coin</i>? I do not know if I have been
+  anticipated, but beg to suggest the following:&mdash;<i>Coin</i>, a piece
+  of cornered metal; <i>To coin</i>, the act of cornering such block of
+  metal.</p>
+
+  <p>In Cornwall, the blocks of tin, when first run into moulds from the
+  smelting furnace, are <i>square</i>; and when the metal is to be fined or
+  assayed, the miner's phrase is, that it is to be <i>coined</i>; for the
+  <i>corners</i> of the moulded block are <i>cut off</i>, and subjected to
+  the <i>assay</i>; and the decree of fineness proved is stamped on the now
+  cornerless block&mdash;thereafter called a <i>coin of tin</i>. It is, I
+  conceive, by no means a violent supposition that such <i>coins of tin</i>
+  were current as money very many ages before either silver, gold, copper,
+  bronze, lead, tin, or any other metal moulded, stamped, engraved, or
+  fashioned into such coins as we now know had come into use. We know to
+  what far-back ages the finding of tin carries us, its find being entirely
+  confined to Cornwall; its presence near the surface in an ore readily
+  reduced and easily melted making its reduction into the metallic state
+  possible in the very rudest state of society and of the arts.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. D. Lamont.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Greenock.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[See Dr. Richardson for the following derivation:&mdash;"Fr.
+  <i>coigner</i>, It. <i>cuniare</i>, Sp. <i>cunar</i>, <i>acuñar</i>, to
+  wedge, and also to coin. Menage and Spelman agree from the Latin
+  <i>cuneus</i>. '<i>Cuneus</i>; sigillum ferreum, quo nummus
+  <i>cuditur</i>; a forma dictum: atque inde <i>coin</i> quasi <i>cune</i>
+  pro monetâ.' An iron seal with which metal is stamped; so called from the
+  shape. And hence money is called <i>coin</i> (q. <i>cune</i>,
+  wedge).&mdash;<i>Spelman.</i>" The Rev. T.&nbsp;R. Brown, in an unpublished
+  <i>Dictionary of Difficult Etymology</i><a name="footnotetag1"
+  href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, suggests the following:&mdash;"Fr.
+  <i>coign</i>, a coin, stamp, &amp;c.; Gaelic, <i>cuin</i>, a coin.
+  Probably from the Sanscrit <i>kan</i>, to shine, desire, covet;
+  <i>kanaka</i>, gold, &amp;c. The Hebrew <i>ceseph</i>, money, coin, is
+  derived in like manner from the verb <i>casaph</i>, to desire, covet. The
+  other meaning attached to the French word <i>coign</i>, viz. a wedge,
+  appears to be derived from quite a different root."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>This useful work makes two volumes 8vo.: but how is it the learned
+  Vicar of Southwick printed only <i>nine</i> copies? Was he thinking of
+  the sacred <i>Nine</i>?</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Inscription at Aylesbury.</i>&mdash;In the north transept of St.
+  Mary's Church, Aylesbury, occurs the following curious inscription on a
+  tomb of the date of 1584:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Yf, passing by this place, thou doe desire</p>
+      <p class="i1">To knowe what corpse here shry'd in marble lie,</p>
+      <p>The somme of that whiche now thou dost require</p>
+      <p class="i1">This slender verse shall sone to thee descrie.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Entombed here doth rest a worthie Dame,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Extract and born of noble house and bloud,</p>
+      <p>Her sire, Lord Paget, hight of worthie fame</p>
+      <p class="i1">Whose virtues cannot sink in Lethe floud.</p>
+      <p>Two brethern had she, barons of this realme,</p>
+      <p class="i1">A knight her freere, Sir Henry Lee, he hight,</p>
+      <p>To whom she bare three <i>impes</i>, which had to name,</p>
+      <p class="i1">John, Henry, Mary, slayn by fortune spight,</p>
+      <p>First two being yong, which cavs'd their parents mone,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The third in flower and prime of all her yeares:</p>
+      <p>All three do rest within this marble stone,</p>
+      <p class="i1">By which the fickleness of worldly joyes appears.</p>
+      <p>Good Frend sticke not to strew with crimson flowers</p>
+      <p class="i1">This marble stone, wherein her cindres rest,</p>
+      <p>For sure her ghost lives with the heavenly powers,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And guerdon hathe of virtuous life possest."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Can any of your readers give me any other instances of children being
+  called <i>imps</i>? and also tell me wherefore the name was given them?
+  and how long it continued in use?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. W. D. Brooks.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cropredy, Banbury.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The inscription is given in Lipscomb's <i>Buckinghamshire</i>. Horne
+  Tooke says <i>imp</i> is the past participle of the A.-S. <i>impan</i>,
+  to graft, to plant. Mr. Steevens (Note on <i>2 Henry IV.</i>, Act V. Sc.
+  5.) tells us, "An <i>imp</i> is a shoot in its primitive sense, but means
+  a son in Shakspeare." In Hollinshed, p. 951., the last words of Lord
+  Cromwell are preserved, who says, "And after him that his sonne Prince
+  Edward, that goodlie <i>impe</i>, may long reign over you." The word
+  <i>imp</i> is perpetually used by Ulpian Fulwell, and other ancient
+  writers, for progeny:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And were it not thy royal <i>impe</i></p>
+      <p>Did mitigate our pain."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Again, in the <i>Battle of Alcazar</i>, 1594:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Amurath, mighty emperor of the East,</p>
+      <p>That shall receive the <i>imp</i> of royal race."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>See other examples in Todd's Johnson and Dr. Richardson's
+  Dictionaries. Shakspeare uses the word only in jocular and burlesque
+  passages, which, says Nares, is the natural course of a word growing
+  obsolete.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>"Guardian Angels now protect me," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;I remember John
+  Wesley, and also his saying the "Devil should not have the best tunes."
+  There was a pretty love-song, a great favourite when I was a boy:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Guardian angels, now protect me,</p>
+      <p>Send to me the youth I love."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>the music of which Wesley introduced to his congregation as a hymn
+  tune. The music I have, and I shall be glad if any of your correspondents
+  <!-- Page 444 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page444"></a>{444}</span>can oblige me with the first verse of this
+  love-song; I only recollect the above lines.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Gardiner.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leicester.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The following is the song referred to by our correspondent:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><i>The Forsaken Nymph.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Guardian angels, now protect me,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Send to me the swain I love;</p>
+      <p>Cupid, with thy bow direct me;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Help me, all ye pow'rs above.</p>
+      <p>Bear him my sighs, ye gentle breezes,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Tell him I love and I despair,</p>
+      <p>Tell him for him I grieve, say 'tis for him I live;</p>
+      <p class="i1">O may the shepherd be sincere!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Through the shady grove I'll wander,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Silent as the bird of night,</p>
+      <p>Near the brink of yonder fountain,</p>
+      <p class="i1">First Leander bless'd my sight.</p>
+      <p>Witness ye groves and falls of water,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Echos repeat the vows he swore:</p>
+      <p>Can he forget me? will he neglect me?</p>
+      <p class="i1">Shall I never see him more?</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Does he love, and yet forsake me,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To admire a nymph more fair?</p>
+      <p>If 'tis so, I'll wear the willow,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And esteem the happy pair.</p>
+      <p>Some lonely cave I'll make my dwelling,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Ne'er more the cares of life pursue;</p>
+      <p>The lark and Philomel only shall hear me tell,</p>
+      <p class="i1">What bids me bid the world adieu."]</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>K. C. B.'s.</i>&mdash;I observe that in the <i>London Gazette</i>
+  of January 2, 1815, which regulates the existing order of the Bath, it is
+  commanded by the sovereign that "there shall be affixed in the church of
+  St. Peter at Westminster escutcheons and banners of the arms of each
+  K.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;B." Has this command been regularly fulfilled on the creation of
+  each K.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;B.? I believe that on each creation fees are demanded by the
+  Heralds' College, for the professed purpose of exemplifying the knight's
+  arms, and affixing his escutcheon; but I never remember to have seen the
+  escutcheons in Westminster Abbey.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The order <i>never</i> was fulfilled. If the knights were entitled to
+  armorial bearings, no fees whatever were demanded by or paid to the
+  Heralds' College. The statutes of 1815 were, however, abrogated and
+  annulled by the statutes of 1847, and the banners are not required to be
+  suspended in the Abbey. The erection of the banners and plates, however,
+  rested with the officers of the order, and the Heralds' College had
+  nothing to do with the matter.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Danish and Swedish Ballads.</i>&mdash;What are the best and most
+  recent collections of ancient Danish and Swedish ballad poetry?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. B.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We believe the best and most recent collection of Danish ballads is
+  the edition of <i>Udvalgte Danske Viser fra Middelalderen</i>, by
+  Abrahamson, Nyerup, Rabbek, &amp;c., in five small 8vo. volumes,
+  Copenhagen, 1812. The best Swedish collection was <i>Svenska Folk-Visor
+  fran Forteden</i>, collected and edited by Geijer and Afzelius, and
+  published at Stockholm, 1814; but the more recent collection published by
+  Arwidson in 1834 is certainly superior. It is in three octavo volumes,
+  and is entitled <i>Svenska Fornsänger. En Samling of Kämp-visor,
+  Folk-visor, Lekar och Dansar, samt Barn- och Vall-Sänger</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Etymology of "Conger."</i>&mdash;What is the etymology of the word
+  <i>Conger</i>, as applied to the larger kind of deep sea eels by our
+  fishermen (who, be it remarked, never add eel. <i>Conger-eel</i> is
+  entirely used by shore-folk)?</p>
+
+  <p>I imagine that it may be traced from the Danish <i>Kongr</i>, a king,
+  or kings; for being the greatest of eels, the fishermen, whose nets he
+  tore, and whose take he seriously reduced, might well call him in size,
+  in strength, and voracity&mdash;<i>Kongr</i>, the king.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. D. Lamont.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Greenock.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Todd and Webster derive it from the Latin <i>conger</i> or
+  <i>congrus</i>; Gr. <span title="gongros" class="grk"
+  >&gamma;&#x1F79;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>, formed of
+  <span title="graô" class="grk">&gamma;&rho;&#x1F71;&omega;</span>, to
+  eat, the fish being very voracious; It. <i>gongro</i>; Fr.
+  <i>congre</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>"Si vis me flere, dolendum est primum tibi."</i>&mdash;This is, I
+  think, the ordinary form of a saying cited somewhere by Goldsmith, who
+  calls it "so trite a quotation that it almost demands an apology to
+  repeat it." Whence comes it originally? I am unable to give the exact
+  reference to the passage in Goldsmith, but in his <i>Citizen of the
+  World</i>, letter 53rd, he has a cognate idea:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As in common conversation the best way to make the audience laugh is
+  by first laughing yourself, so in writing," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">W. T. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hong Kong.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Horace, <i>De Arte Poetica</i>, 102.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>MEDAL AND RELIC OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 293.)</p>
+
+  <p>I possess a cast of this medal as described by your correspondent
+  <span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>, but which is a little indistinct in
+  some of the letters of its inscriptions. The yew-tree represented on it
+  is generally supposed to be that which stood at Cruikston Castle nearly
+  Paisley; and its motto "Vires" may perhaps have been intended to denote
+  its natural strength and durability. The date of the medal being 1566,
+  and Mary's marriage with Lord Darnly having taken place on July 29, 1565,
+  the yew-tree may have been introduced to commemorate some incident of
+  their courtship, and gives likelihood to the common tradition. I once had
+  a small box composed partly of its wood, and of <!-- Page 445 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page445"></a>{445}</span>that of the "Torwood
+  Oak" near Stirling, which was presented to me about thirty-five years ago
+  by an aged lady, whose property it had been for a long time previously,
+  and who placed much value on it as a relic. Though visiting Cruikston
+  Castle in early life, I never heard of there being any feeling of
+  "superstition" connected with such little objects as the crosses, &amp;c.
+  which were long made from the wood of the yew-tree. They are all, I
+  think, to be viewed simply as curiosities associated with the historical
+  interest of the place, and similar examples are to be found among our
+  people in the numerous <i>quaichs</i> (drinking-cups) and other articles
+  which have been formed from the "Torwood Oak" that protected the
+  illustrious Sir William Wallace from his enemies; from his oak at
+  Elderslie, said to have been planted by his hand, two miles to the west
+  of Paisley; and lately from such scraps of the old oaken rafters of the
+  Glasgow Cathedral as could be obtained in the course of its modern
+  repairs.</p>
+
+  <p>As respects the yew-tree immediately concerned, some notices of its
+  remains may be found in a work entitled <i>The Severn Delineated</i>, by
+  Charles Taylor, Glasgow, 1831, at page 82. The author, who was a very
+  curious local antiquary, died in 1837, aged forty-two. As his book is now
+  scarce, I may be excused from subjoining rather a long extract, but which
+  also throws some light on other particulars of this subject:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Retreating from Househill (a seat in the vicinity) to Cruikston
+  Castle, the country is rich, and the scenery delightful. The castle
+  itself might be the subject of volumes, as it has been the theme of many
+  a poet, and the subject of many a painter's pencil. Its name is known all
+  over the world, or may be so, from the circumstance of its once having
+  been the residence of Mary Queen of Scots and Henry Lord Darnly; and
+  though the famed yew-tree decks not now the 'hallowed mould,' as the poet
+  expresses himself,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Is there an eye that tearless could behold</p>
+      <p>This lov'd retreat of beauty's fairest flower?'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>About three years ago a large fragment fell from the south wing of
+  this ruin, despite of all the attention Sir John Maywell paid to keep it
+  up. The founder of this castle was one De Croc; hence the name Crockston,
+  Crocston, or Cruikston. This family (says Crawfurd), failing in ane
+  heiress, she was married to Sir Alexander Stewart of Torbolton, second
+  son to Walter, the second of that name, Great Stewart of Scotland, and of
+  this marriage are descended the families of Darnly and Lorn."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Cruikston is now the property of Sir John Maywell of Nether Pollock.
+  Of the trunk of the once&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; green yew,</p>
+      <p>The first that met the royal Mary's view;</p>
+      <p>When bright in charms the youthful princess led</p>
+      <p>The graceful Darnly to her throne and bed."&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Lady Maywell ordered to be made by an ingenious individual, at
+  Pollockshaws, an exact model of the castle, and some table and other
+  utensils, which are still in preservation at Pollock. Before its removal,
+  many are the snuff-boxes, toddy ladles, &amp;c. that have been made of
+  it, and are still in preservation by the curious. The following couplet,
+  composed by the late Mr. W. Craig, surgeon, is inscribed on one of these
+  ladles, which has seen no little service:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Near Cruikston Castle's stately tower,</p>
+      <p class="i1">For many a year I stood;</p>
+      <p>My shade was of the hallow'd bower;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Where Scotland's queen was woo'd."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Another medal of Queen Mary's, of considerable size, of which I have
+  seen a cast many years since, contained the following inscriptions:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O God graunt patience in that I suffer vrang."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The reverse has in the centre:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Quho can compare with me in grief,</p>
+      <p>I die and dar nocht seek relief."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>With this legend around:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Hourt not the <a href="images/210_017.png"><img src="images/210_017.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="heart symbol" /></a> quhais [heart whose] joy thou art."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"They all appear [says Mr. Pinkerton] to have been done in France by
+  Mary's directions, who was fond of devices. Her cruel captivity could not
+  debar her from intercourse with her friends in France; who must with
+  pleasure have executed her orders as affording her a little
+  consolation."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">G. N.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Fraser's</span> supposed medal is a ryal (or
+  possibly a ¾ ryal) of Mary and Henry, commonly known as a Cruickstown
+  dollar; from the idea that the tree upon them is a representation of the
+  famous yew-tree at Cruickstown Castle. It appears, however, from the
+  ordinance for coining these pieces, that the tree is a "palm-tree crowned
+  with a shell paddock (lizard) creeping up the stem of the same." The
+  motto across the tree is "<span class="scac">DAT GLORIA VIRES</span>."
+  (See Lindsay's <i>Scotch Coinage</i>, p. 51.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Evans</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>EARLY USE OF TIN.&mdash;DERIVATION OF THE NAME
+OF BRITAIN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 344.)</p>
+
+  <p>The reply of Dr. Hincks appears to require the following. While
+  seeking information upon the first of these matters, I took up one of my
+  old school-books, and at the foot of a page found the following note:
+  "Britannia is from <i>Barat-anac</i>, the land of tin." I do not
+  recollect to have seen it elsewhere; but it appeared to me so apt and
+  correct that I adopted it at once.</p>
+
+  <p>That the Shirutana of the Egyptian inscriptions, <!-- Page 446
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page446"></a>{446}</span>or Shairetana,
+  will be found to be the same people as the Cirátas of the Hindu Puranas,
+  I have little doubt.</p>
+
+  <p>Cirátas is there applied as a name to the people who were afterwards
+  known to us as the Ph&oelig;nicians; but that either the Shirutana or the
+  Cirátas will be found to have discovered Britain, though they may have
+  given it a name, I do not expect. The Cirátas were a people of a later
+  age to that of the first inhabitants of Britain. The first inhabitants of
+  Britain I call the Celtæ, as I know no other name for them; but there
+  seems reason for thinking that this island was visited by an earlier
+  tribe, though probably they were of the same race.</p>
+
+  <p>The origin of the Cirátas and first inhabitants of Britain is
+  this:&mdash;A powerful monarchy appears to have been established at the
+  earliest dawn of history in the country we now call Persia, long before
+  there was any Assyrian government, and under this monarchy that country
+  was the true centre of population, of knowledge, of languages, and of
+  arts. Three distinct races of men appear to have migrated in different
+  directions from this their common country. One of these divides into two
+  parts, one proceeding to the west, the other to the south-east of the
+  place where the division took place. The western party passed through
+  Asia Minor, and also by the north of the Black Sea, carrying with it all
+  that was then known of the different arts and sciences, until we find the
+  descendants at this day in the British Isles. The south-eastern party,
+  also, continued its progress to the part now known to us as India, where
+  its descendants may be found at this day. Long after the settlement in
+  India, various tribes, all proceeding from it, migrated from that country
+  to the parts now known to us as Egypt and Syria; and one of these tribes
+  was the Cirátas.</p>
+
+  <p>That the Cirátas, Shirutana, or Ph&oelig;nicians, call them as you
+  may, were the first who passed the Pillar of Hercules in ships on their
+  way to obtain tin here at first-hand, is almost certain; and that the
+  western party, as described above, had broken ground to supply it long
+  before their customers came for it, is scarcely less so. They all had a
+  common origin, and used nearly the same language, religion, and laws.</p>
+
+  <p>My Query has brought out a highly satisfactory elucidation of the
+  origin of the term <i>Britain</i>; and this, looking at the position in
+  which that term stood on the day the last Number of "N. &amp; Q." was
+  published is by no means a slight acquisition. I now leave it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Stansted, Montfichet.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PICTORIAL EDITIONS OF THE BOOK OF COMMON
+PRAYER.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 18. 91. 321.; Vol. viii., p. 318.)</p>
+
+  <p>The following list may prove an acceptable addition to those already
+  printed in your pages. Some of your correspondents perhaps will make it
+  more complete:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1707. Oxford. 8vo. Plates by John Sturt.</p>
+      <p>1710. London. 8vo. Forty-four plates, with no engraver's name.</p>
+      <p>1712. Oxford. 8vo. Plates by Sturt.</p>
+      <p>1717. London. 8vo. Ruled with double red lines. Plates by Sturt.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Lowndes speaks of a large paper impression in quarto of this same
+  edition: "The volume consists of one hundred and sixty-six plates,
+  besides twenty-two containing dedication, table, &amp;c. Prefixed is a
+  bust of King George I.; and facing it, those of the Prince and Princess
+  of Wales. Sturt likewise published a set of fifty-five historical cuts
+  for Common Prayer in small 8vo."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>1738. London. 8vo. With Old Version of the Psalms; and forty-four
+  curious plates, including Gunpowder Treason, the Martyrdom of Charles I.,
+  and Restoration of Charles II. (Booksellers' Catal.)</p>
+
+  <p>1794. London. Published by J. Good and E. Harding, with plates after
+  Stothard by Bartolozzi and others (Lowndes).</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Lowndes also mentions "Illustrations to the Book of Common Prayer by
+  Richard Westall, London, 1813, 8 vo. (proofs) 4to.," and "Twelve
+  illustrations to ditto, engraved by John Scott, from designs by Burney
+  and Thurston, royal 8vo."</p>
+
+  <p>I have reserved for more particular description two editions in my own
+  possession:&mdash;One is a small 8vo., ruled with red lines: "In the
+  Savoy, printed by the assignees of John Bill and Christopher Barker,
+  Printers to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1667." It contains
+  fifty-nine plates: these are identical with those in the <i>Antiquitates
+  Christianæ</i>, or Bishop Taylor's <i>Life of Christ</i>, and Cave's
+  <i>Lives of the Apostles</i> (folio editions), which, if I mistake not,
+  were engraved by William Faithorn. The Act of Uniformity is given in
+  black-letter. The Ordinal is wanting. The three State Services are not
+  enumerated in the Table of Contents, but are added at the end of the
+  book. The Old Version of the Psalms (with its usual quaint title), a
+  tract of 104 pp., is appended: "London: printed by Thos. Newcomb for the
+  Company of Stationers, 1671." The other edition is a 12mo.: "London,
+  printed by Charles Bill and the Executrix of Thomas Newcomb deceased,
+  Printers to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, 1708" (ruled with red
+  lines). In the frontispiece is represented a female figure kneeling with
+  a prayer book open before her: an angel <!-- Page 447 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page447"></a>{447}</span>in the air holds a
+  scroll, on which is inscribed, "The Liturgy of the Church of England,
+  adorned with fifty-five historical cuts, P. La Vergne del., M. Van der
+  Gucht sc." Beneath the picture, "Sold by Robt. Whitledge at the Bible in
+  Ave Maria Lane, near Stationers' Hall."</p>
+
+  <p>Some of the cuts are very curious, as No. 16., which represents the
+  Devil (adorned with a crown, sceptre, and tail) standing on the top of a
+  high conical rock, and our Blessed Lord at a little distance from him.
+  The appearance and attitude of the Apostles are somewhat grotesque. One
+  of the best is St. Philip (No. 39.), who is represented as a wrinkled,
+  bearded old man, contemplating a crucifix in his hand.</p>
+
+  <p>No. 51. is a picture of Guy Fawkes approaching the Parliament House,
+  with a lantern in his hand. A large eye is depicted in the clouds above,
+  which sheds a stream of light on the hand of the conspirator. No. 52. is
+  "The Martyrdom of King Charles I." No. 53. "The Restoration of Monarchy
+  and King Charles II." A number of cavaliers on horseback, with their
+  conical hats and long tresses, occupy the foreground of this picture; the
+  army appears in the background. This is the last, though the scroll
+  advertises fifty-five cuts.</p>
+
+  <p>The Prefaces and Calendar are printed in very small bad type. The four
+  State Services are enumerated in the Table of Contents. After the State
+  Services follow, "At the Healing;" the Thirty-nine Articles, and a Table
+  of Kindred and Affinity. This edition neither contains the Ordinal nor a
+  metrical version of the Psalms. Notwithstanding the date on the
+  title-page, <i>King George</i> is prayed for throughout the book, except
+  in the service "For the Eighth Day of March," when Queen Anne's name
+  occurs.</p>
+
+  <p>Of the modern pictorial editions of the Book of Common Prayer may be
+  mentioned that of Charles Knight "illustrated by nearly seven hundred
+  beautiful woodcuts by Jackson, from drawings by Harvey, and six
+  illuminated titles; with Explanatory Notes by the Rev. H. Stebbing,"
+  royal 8vo., London, 1838; reprinted in 1846. That of Murray, "illuminated
+  by Owen Jones, and illustrated with engravings from the works of the
+  great masters," royal 8vo., London, 1845; reprinted in 1850 in med. 8vo.
+  That of Whittaker in 12mo. and 8vo., "with notes and illuminations." The
+  last, and by far the best, pictorial edition is that of J.&nbsp;H. Parker of
+  Oxford, "with fifty illustrations; selected from the finest examples of
+  the early Italian and modern German schools, by the Rev. H.&nbsp;J. Rose and
+  Rev. J.&nbsp;W. Burgon."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jarltzberg</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>YEW-TREES IN CHURCHYARDS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 346.)</p>
+
+  <p>This has long been to me a vexed question, and I fear that none of
+  your correspondents have given a satisfactory answer.</p>
+
+  <p>I have seen in London sprigs of yew and palm willow offered for sale
+  before Palm Sunday. At this period they may, I think, be always found in
+  Covent Garden Market. I saw them last year also in the greengrocers'
+  shops at Brighton. To me these are evident traces of an old custom of
+  using the yew as well as the willow. The origin is to be found in the
+  Jewish custom of carrying "branches of palm-trees, and boughs of <i>thick
+  trees</i>, and willows from the brook" (Leviticus xxiii. 39, 40.).</p>
+
+  <p>Wordsworth alludes to this in his sonnet on seeing a procession at
+  Chamouny:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The Hebrews thus carrying in joyful state</p>
+      <p>Thick boughs of palm and willows from the brook,</p>
+      <p>March'd round the altar&mdash;to commemorate</p>
+      <p>How, when their course they from the desert took,</p>
+      <p>Guided by signs which ne'er the sky forsook,</p>
+      <p>They lodged in leafy tents and cabins low,</p>
+      <p>Green boughs were borne."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In <i>A Voyage from Leith to Lapland</i>, 1851, vol. i. p. 132., there
+  is an account of the funeral of the poet Oehlenschläger. The author
+  states,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The entire avenue was strewn, according to the old Scandinavian
+  custom, with evergreen boughs of fir, and bunches of fir and box, mingled
+  in some instances with artificial flowers. It is customary at all
+  funerals to strew evergreens before the door of the house where the body
+  lies, but it is only for some very distinguished person indeed they are
+  strewn all the way to the burial place."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Forby, in his <i>East Anglican Vocabulary</i>, says it is a
+  superstitious notion that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If you bring yew into the house at Christmas amongst the evergreens
+  used to dress it, you will have a death in the family before the end of
+  the year."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I believe the yew will be found generally on the south side of the
+  church, but always near the principal entrance, easy of access for the
+  procession on Palm Sunday, and perhaps for funerals, and that it was used
+  as a substitute for the palm, and coupled with "the willow from the
+  brook," hence called the palm willow.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Holt White</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>P. S.&mdash;I cannot agree with your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">J.&nbsp;G. Cumming</span>, that the yew is one of "our few
+  evergreens." I doubt our having in England any native evergreen but the
+  holly.</p>
+
+  <p>The etymology of the name of the yew-tree clearly shows that it was
+  not planted in churchyards as an emblem of evil, but one of immortality.
+  The name of the tree in Celtic is <i>jubar</i>, pronounced <i>yewar</i>,
+  <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i> "the evergreen head." The town of <!-- Page 448 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page448"></a>{448}</span>Newry in Ireland took
+  its name from two yew-trees which St. Patrick planted:
+  <i>A-Niubaride</i>, pronounced <i>A-Newery</i>, <i>i. e.</i> "the
+  yew-trees," which stood until Cromwell's time, when some soldiers
+  ruthlessly cut them down.</p>
+
+  <p>In the Note by <span class="sc">Mr. J. G. Cumming</span>, a derivation
+  is evidently required for the English word <i>yeoman</i>, which he
+  suggests is taken from "yokeman." Yeoman is from <i>e&#x14D;</i>,
+  pronounced <i>yo</i>, <i>i. e.</i> free, worthy, respectable, as opposed
+  to the terms <i>villein</i>, serf, &amp;c.; so that yeoman means a
+  freeman, a respectable person.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Fras. Crossley</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>OSBORN FAMILY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 270.)</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. H. T. Griffith asks where may any pedigree of the <i>Osborne</i>
+  family, previous to Edward Osborne, the ancestor of the Dukes of Leeds,
+  be seen. In reply, I am in possession of large collections relating to
+  the Norman Osbornes, from whom I have reasons to believe him to have been
+  descended. Those Osbornes can be proved to have been settled in certain
+  of the midland counties of England from the time of the attainder and
+  downfall of the son of William Fitzosborne, Earl of Hereford and premier
+  peer, down to a comparatively late period. A branch of them was possessed
+  of the manor of Kelmarsh in Northamptonshire; and their pedigree,
+  beginning in 1461, may be seen in Whalley's <i>Northamptonshire</i>: but
+  this is necessarily very imperfect, on account of the author's want of
+  access to documents which have subsequently been opened to the
+  public.</p>
+
+  <p>I may here notice that an inexcusable error has been committed and
+  repeated in several of the collections of records published by the
+  Parliamentary Commission, who have, in numerous instances, and without
+  any warrant, interpreted <i>Osb.</i> of the MSS. as "Osbert." Thus they
+  have deprived <i>Fitzosborne</i>, Bishop of Exeter (<span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1102), of some of his manors, and within his own
+  diocese, and conferred them on <i>Osbert the Bishop</i>, although there
+  never was a bishop of that name in England. I took the liberty of
+  pointing out this error to one of the chief editors concerned in these
+  works; but as he has taken no notice of my observations, I must infer
+  that he thinks it most prudent to excite no farther inquiry.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Osborns</i>, now so numerous in London, appear to have come
+  from the Danish stem from which the Norman branch was originally derived.
+  Their number, which has increased even beyond the ordinary ratio of the
+  population, may perhaps be dated from the wife of one of them who (temp.
+  Jac. I.) had twenty-four sons, and was interred in old St. Paul's.</p>
+
+  <p>I shall be very happy to afford any assistance in my power to the
+  gentleman who has occasioned these remarks.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Omicron</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., pp. 454. 603.; Vol. viii.,
+pp. 108. 248.)</p>
+
+  <p>Many thanks are due to your correspondent <span class="sc">Cuthbert
+  Bede</span>, B.A., for his interesting series of inscriptions on bells.
+  The following are, I think, sufficiently curious to be added to your
+  collection:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>Rouen Cathedral:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In the steeple of the great church, in the citie of Roane in
+  Normandy, is one great bell with the like inscription." [Like, that is,
+  to the inscription at St. Stephen's, Westminster: see "N. &amp; Q." Vol.
+  viii., p. 108.]</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Je suis George de Ambois,</p>
+      <p>Qui trente-cinque mille pois;</p>
+      <p>Mes luis qui me pesera,</p>
+      <p>Trente-six mille me trouvera."</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I am <i>George of Ambois</i>,</p>
+      <p>Thirtie-five thousand in pois;</p>
+      <p>But he that shall weigh me,</p>
+      <p>Thirty-six thousand shall find me."&mdash;Weever, <i>Fun. Mon</i>., edit. fol. 1631, p. 492.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>St. Matthew, Great Milton, Oxfordshire:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. "I as treble begin.</p>
+      <p>3. "I was third ring.</p>
+      <p>8. (Great bell) "I to church the living call, and to the grave do summons."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Inscription suggested as being suitable for six bells, in the
+  <i>Ecclesiologist</i> (New Series), vol. i. p. 209.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. "Ave Pater, Rex, Creator:</p>
+      <p>2. Ave Fili, Lux, Salvator:</p>
+      <p class="i2">3. Ave Pax et Charitas.</p>
+      <p>4. Ave Simplex, Ave Trine;</p>
+      <p>5. Ave Regnans sine fine,</p>
+      <p class="i2">6. Ave Sancta Trinitas."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Inscriptions are often to be found in Lombardic characters, and on
+  bells of great antiquity. Can any of your ecclesiological correspondents
+  furnish me with the date of the earliest known example?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>On bells in Southrepps Church, Norfolk:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Tuba ad Juditium. Campana ad Ecclesiam, 1641."</p>
+
+  <p>"Miserere mei Jhesus Nazarenus Rex Judæorum."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. L. Sisson</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LADIES' ARMS BORNE IN A LOZENGE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83. 277. 329.)</p>
+
+  <p>I broached a theory with a concluding remark that it would give me
+  great pleasure to see one more reasonable take its place. I fear that, if
+  all your readers anxious to clear up an obscure point in an interesting
+  science take no more trouble than P.&nbsp;P., we shall find ourselves no <!--
+  Page 449 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page449"></a>{449}</span>nearer our object in the middle of your
+  eightieth volume than we are now in your eighth.</p>
+
+  <p>What P. P. is pleased to term the "routine" reason is after all but
+  one among many, and is not better substantiated than some of the others
+  quoted by me; for though the lozenge has a "supposed" resemblance to the
+  distaff or fusil, heraldically it is but a supposed one, and by most
+  writers the difference is very distinctly indicated.</p>
+
+  <p>Boyer says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A fusil is a bearing in heraldry made in the form of a spindle, with
+  its yarn or thread wound about it. <i>Fusils are longer than
+  lozenges</i>, and taper or pointed at both ends."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The same author thus describes a lozenge:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Rhimbus, in geometry, is a figure of four equal and parallel sides,
+  but not rectangular."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Robson says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Fusil, a kind of spindle used in spinning. Its formation should be
+  particularly attended to, <i>as few painters or engravers make a
+  sufficient distinction between the fusil and lozenge</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Nisbet describes a lozenge to be&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A figure that has equal sides and unequal angles, as the quarry of a
+  glass window placed erect pointways."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>He adds:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Latins say, 'Lozengæ factæ sunt ad modum lozangiorum in vitreis.'
+  Heralds tell us that their use in armories came from the pavement of
+  marble stones of churches, fine palaces and houses, cut after the form of
+  lozenges, which pavings the French and Italians call loze and the
+  Spaniards <i>loza</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Sylvester de Petra-Sancta of the lozenge says much the same:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Scutulas oxigonias scu acutangulus erectas, et quasi gradiles,
+  referri debere ad latericias et antiquas domus olim, viz. Nobilium quia
+  vulgus, et infamiæ sortis homines, intra humiles casus, vet antra
+  inhabitantur."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Of the fusil Nisbet writes:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The fusil is another Rhombular figure like the lozenge, but more long
+  than broad, and its upper and lower points are more acute than the two
+  side points."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>He adds that:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Chassanus and others make their sides round, as in his description of
+  them: 'Fusæ sunt acutæ in superiore et inferiore partibus, et rotundæ ex
+  utroque latere;' which description has occasioned some English heralds,
+  when so painted or engraven, to call them millers' picks, as Sir John
+  Boswell, in his <i>Concords of Armory</i>, and others, to call them
+  weavers' shuttles."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Menestrier says of lozenges:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Lozange est une figure de quatre pointes, dont deux sont un peu plus
+  étendues que les autres, et assise sur une de ces pointes. C'est le Rhomb
+  des mathématiciens, et les quarreaux des vitres ordinaires en ont la
+  figure."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Of fusils:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Fusées sont plus étendues en longue que les lozanges, et affilées en
+  point comme les fuseaux. Elles sont pièces d'architecture où l'on se sert
+  pour ornement de fusées et de pesons."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The celebrated <i>Boke of St. Albans</i> (1486) thus describes the
+  difference between a lozenge and fusil:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Knaw ye y<sup>e</sup> differans betwix ffusillis and losyng.
+  Wherefore it is to be knaw that ffusillis ar euermore long, also fusyllis
+  ar strattyr ouerwart in the baly then ar mascules. And mascules ar larger
+  ou'wartt in the baly, and shorter in length than be fusyllis."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The mascle is afterwards explained to be the lozenge pierced.
+  Again:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"And ye most take thys for a general enformacion and instruccion that
+  certanli losyng eu'more stand upright ... and so withowte dowte we have
+  the differans of the foresayd signes, that is to wete of mascules and
+  losynges."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Dallaway, an elegant writer on Heraldry, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Of the lozenge the following extraordinary description is given in a
+  MS. of Glover, 'Lozenga est pars vitri in vitrea fenestra.' But it may be
+  more satisfactory to observe that the lozenge, with its diminutive, are
+  given to females instead of an escocheon for the insertion of their
+  armorial bearings, one of which is supposed to have been a cushion of
+  that shape, and the other is evidently the spindle used in spinning; both
+  demonstrative of the sedentary employments of women. On a very splendid
+  brass for Eleanor, relict of Thomas of Woodstocke, who died 1384, she is
+  delineated as resting her head upon two cushions, the upper of which is
+  placed lozenge-wise."&mdash;P. 140.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The above is taken from his <i>Miscellaneous Observations on Heraldic
+  Ensigns</i>, the following from the body of his great work:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Females being heirs, or conveying feodal lordships to their husbands,
+  had, as early as the thirteenth century, the privilege of armorial seals.
+  The variations were progressive and frequent; at first the female effigy
+  had the kirtle or inner garment emblazoned, or held the escocheon over
+  her head, or in her right hand; then three escocheons met in the centre,
+  or four were joined at their bases, if the alliance admitted of so many.
+  Dimidiation, accollation, and impalement succeeded each other at short
+  intervals. But the modern practice of placing the arms of females upon a
+  lozenge appears to have originated about the middle of the fourteenth
+  century, when we have an instance of five lozenges conjoined upon one
+  seal; that of the heir female in the centre impaling the arms of her
+  husband, and surrounded by those of her ancestors."&mdash;P. 400.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I think this quotation from so learned a writer goes far towards
+  settling the whole question. I confess myself willing to have my theory
+  placed second to this, while I must discard the "distaff" <!-- Page 450
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page450"></a>{450}</span>notion, unless
+  better substantiated than by the French saying from their Salique law,
+  which I here give for P.&nbsp;P.'s information: "Nunquam corona a lance
+  transibit ad fusum." I am willing to admit the antiquity of this notion;
+  for while the shape of the man's shield is traced by Sylvanus Morgan to
+  Adam's spade, he takes the woman's from Eve's spindle!</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"When Adam delved, and Eve span,</p>
+      <p>Who was then the gentleman?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In Geoffry Chaucer's time the lozenge appears to have been an ornament
+  worn by heralds in their dress or crown. In describing the habit of one,
+  he says:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"They crowned were as kinges</p>
+      <p>With crowns wrought full of lozenges</p>
+      <p>And many ribbons and many fringes."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>As for the difference between the lozenge and fusil, I could multiply
+  opinions and examples, but hope those given will be sufficient.</p>
+
+  <p>I cannot conclude these few hasty remarks without expressing a wish
+  that one of your correspondents in particular would take up this subject,
+  to handle which in a masterly manner, his position is a guaranty of his
+  ability. I refer to the gentleman holding the office of York Herald.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bury, Lancashire.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE MYRTLE BEE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 173.)</p>
+
+  <p>From a very early period, and throughout life, I have been accustomed
+  to shooting, and well remember the bird in question, but whether the term
+  was local or general, I am unable to state, never having met with it save
+  in one locality; and many years have elapsed since I saw one, although in
+  the habit of frequenting the neighbourhood where it was originally to be
+  seen. I attribute its disappearance to local causes. I met with it during
+  a series of years, ending about twenty-five years since, at which period
+  I lost sight of it. It was to be met with during the autumn and winter in
+  bogs scattered over with bog myrtle, on Chobham and the adjacent common;
+  I never met with it elsewhere. It is solitary. I am unacquainted with its
+  food, and only in a single instance had I ever one in my hand. Its tongue
+  is pointed, sharp, and appearing capable of penetration. Its colour
+  throughout dusky light blue, slightly tinged with yellow about the vent.
+  Tail about one inch, being rather long in proportion to the body, causing
+  the wings to appear forward, with a miniature pheasant-like appearance as
+  it flew, or rather darted, from bush to bush, with amazing quickness, its
+  wings moving with rapidity, straight in its flight, keeping near the
+  ground, appearing loth to wing, never passing an intervening bush if ever
+  so near; and I never saw one fly over eight or ten yards, and never wing
+  a second time, which induced our dogs (using a sporting phrase) to puzzle
+  them, causing a belief that they were in most instances trodden under the
+  water and grass in which the myrtle grew, and which nothing but a dog
+  could approach. I never saw one sitting or light on a branch of the
+  myrtle, but invariably flying from the <i>base</i> of one plant to that
+  of another. I am not aware that any cabinet contains a preserved
+  specimen, or that the bird has ever been noticed by any naturalist as a
+  British or foreign bird.</p>
+
+  <p>Should W. R. D. S. covet farther information as to the probable cause
+  of its disappearance, and my never having met with it elsewhere, perhaps
+  he will favour me with his address. I cannot think the bird extinct.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Brown.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Egham, Surrey.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CAPTAIN JOHN DAVIS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 385.)</p>
+
+  <p>The earliest memoir of captain John Davis, the celebrated arctic
+  navigator, is that given by the reverend John Prince in his <span
+  class="sc">Danmonii orientales illustres</span>, <i>or the worthies of
+  Devon</i>, Exeter, 1701, folio. It is, however, erroneous and defective
+  in important particulars, and has misled some eminent writers, as
+  Campbell, Eyriès, Barrow, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Despite the assertions of master Prince, I <i>question</i> if captain
+  Davis married a daughter of sir John Fulford; I am <i>sure</i> he was not
+  the first pilot who conducted the Hollanders to the East-Indies; I am
+  sure the journal of the voyage is not printed in Hakluyt; I am sure the
+  narrative of his voyage with sir Edward Michelborne is neither dedicated
+  to the earl of Essex nor printed in Hakluyt; I am sure he did not write
+  the <i>Rutter, or brief directions for sailing into the East-Indies</i>;
+  I am sure he wrote two works of which Prince says nothing; I am sure he
+  did not make <i>five</i> voyages to the East-Indies; and I am sure, to
+  omit other oversights, that he did not "return home safe again." To the
+  latter point I shall now confine myself.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1604 king James, regardless of the charter held by the East-India
+  company, granted a license to sir Edward Michelborne, one of his
+  gentlemen-pensioners, to discover and trade with the "countries and
+  domynions of Cathaia, China, Japan," &amp;c. This license, preserved in
+  the Rolls-chapel, is dated the twenty-fifth of June. On the fifth of
+  December sir Edward set sail from Cowes with the Tiger, a ship of 240
+  tons, and a pinnace&mdash;captain Davis being, as I conceive, the
+  <i>second</i> in command. In December 1605, being near the island of
+  Bintang, they fell in with a junk of 70 tons, carrying ninety Japanese,
+  most of them <!-- Page 451 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page451"></a>{451}</span>"in too gallant a habit for saylers:" in
+  fact, they were pirates! The unfortunate result shall now be stated in
+  the words of the <i>pirate</i> Michelborne:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Vpon mutuall courtesies with gifts and feastings betweene vs,
+  sometimes fiue and twentie or sixe and twentie of their chiefest came
+  aboord: whereof I vould not suffer aboue sixe to have weapons. Their was
+  neuer the like number of our men aboord their iunke. I willed captaine
+  John Dauis in the morning [the twenty-seventh of December] to possesse
+  himselfe of their weapons, and to put the companie before mast, and to
+  leave some guard on their weapons, while they searched in the rice,
+  doubting that by searching and finding that which would dislike them,
+  they might suddenly set vpon my men, and put them to the sword: as the
+  sequell prooued. Captaine Dauis being beguiled with their humble
+  semblance, would not possesse himselfe of their weapons, though I sent
+  twice of purpose from my shippe to will him to doe it. They passed all
+  the day, my men searching in the rice, and they looking on: at the
+  sunne-setting, after long search and nothing found, saue a little storax
+  and beniamin: they seeing oportunitie, and talking to the rest of their
+  companie which were in my ship, being neere to their iunke, they
+  resolued, at a watch-word betweene them, to set vpon vs resolutely in
+  both ships. This being concluded, they suddenly killed and droue
+  ouer-boord, all my men that were in their ship; and those which were
+  aboord my ship sallied out of my cabbin, where they were put, with such
+  weapons as they had, finding certaine targets in my cabbin, and other
+  things that they vsed as weapons. My selfe being aloft on the decke,
+  knowing what was likely to follow, leapt into the waste, where, with the
+  boate swaines, carpenter and some few more, wee kept them vnder the
+  halfe-decke. At their first comming forth of the cabbin, they met captain
+  Dauis comming out of the gun-roome, whom they pulled into the cabbin, and
+  giuing him sixe or seuen mortall wounds, they thrust him out of the
+  cabbin before them. His wounds were so mortall, that he dyed assoone as
+  he came into the waste."&mdash;Purchas, i. 137.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Clouds in Photographs.</i>&mdash;I wish one of your photographic
+  correspondents would inform me, how <i>clouds</i> can be put into
+  photographs taken on paper? Mr. Buckle's photographs all contain
+  <i>clouds</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Sigma;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>The Stereoscope considered in relation to the Philosophy of
+  Binocular Vision</i>" is the title of a small pamphlet written by a
+  frequent contributor to this journal, Mr. C. <span class="sc">Mansfield
+  Ingleby</span>, in which he has "attempted to sketch out such
+  modifications of the theory of double vision as appear to him to be
+  entailed on the rationale of the stereoscope." The corroboration thus
+  indirectly afforded to the principles of Sir William Hamilton's
+  <i>Philosophy of Perception</i> has induced <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Ingleby</span> to dedicate his word to that distinguished metaphysician.
+  The essay will, we have no doubt, be perused with great interest by many
+  of our photographic friends, for whose gratification we shall borrow its
+  concluding paragraph.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In conclusion we must not forget to acknowledge our obligations to
+  the photographic art, not merely as one of the most suggestive results of
+  natural science, but as a means of the widest and soundest utility. To
+  antiquaries the services of photography have a unique value, for, by
+  perpetuating in the form of negatives those monuments of nature and art
+  which, though exempt from common accident, are still subject to gradual
+  decay from time, it places in the hands of us all microscopically exact
+  antitypes of objects which, from change or distance, are otherwise
+  inaccessible. To the artist they afford the means of facilitating the
+  otherwise laborious, and often mechanical, task of drawing in detail from
+  nature and from the human figure.</p>
+
+  <p>"To the physician, to the naturalist, and to the man of science, the
+  uses of photography are various and important, and already the
+  discoveries which have been directly due to this modern art are of
+  stupendous utility.</p>
+
+  <p>"To the metaphysician, its uses may be sufficiently gleaned from the
+  applications considered in the preceding pages. But to all these classes
+  of men the photographic art derives its chief glory from its application
+  to the stereoscope; and if, for elucidating the principles of vision by
+  means of this application, we have in any degree given a stimulus to the
+  practice and improvement of the photographic processes, our pains have
+  been happily and fruitfully bestowed."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p><i>Muller's Processes.</i>&mdash;Would you inform me, through the
+  medium of "N. &amp; Q.," what manufacture of paper is best adapted to the
+  two processes of Mr. Muller? I have tried several: with some I find that
+  the combination of their starch with the iodide of iron causes a dark
+  precipitate upon the face of the paper; and with those papers prepared
+  with size, there appears to me great difficulty (in his improved process
+  after the paper is moistened with aceto-nitrate of silver) to procure an
+  equal distribution of the iodide over its surface, as it invariably dries
+  or runs off parts of the paper, or is repelled by spots of size on the
+  paper when dipped in the iodide of iron bath.&mdash;A reply to the
+  foregoing question would greatly oblige</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Constant Reader</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Essex.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Positives on Glass.</i>&mdash;Sometimes, when your sitter is gone,
+  and you hold your portrait up to the light to examine its density, you
+  find in the face and other parts which are dark, so viewed, minute
+  <i>transparent</i> specks, scarcely bigger than a pin's point. When the
+  picture is backed with black lacquer, you have consequently small
+  <i>black</i> spots, which deform the positive, especially when viewed
+  through a lens of short focus. A friend of mine <!-- Page 452 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page452"></a>{452}</span>cures this defect very
+  easily. After having applied the amber varnish, he stops out the spots
+  with a little oil-paint that matches the lights of the picture; of course
+  the paint is put upon the varnished side of the glass. When the paint is
+  dry, the black lacquer is carried over the whole as usual.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. D. Eaton</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Norwich.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Peculiar Ornament in Crosthwaite Church</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  200.).&mdash;I am exceedingly obliged to <span
+  class="sc">Cheverells</span> for his reply to any Query. I am sorry to
+  say that I failed to make a note of the number of the circles; but, as
+  far as I can remember, there are six windows in each aisle, so in all
+  there would be twenty-four, each window having two carved upon it, one on
+  the right jamb without, and the other on the left within.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Elliot</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Clifton.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Nursery Rhymes</i> (Vol. viii., p. 455.).&mdash;I would suggest to
+  L. that a consideration of <i>rhymes</i> may sometimes indicate, by the
+  change in the pronunciation, the antiquity of the verse e.g.,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Hush aby, baby, on the green <i>bough</i>,</p>
+      <p>When the wind blows the cradle will <i>rock</i>,</p>
+      <p>And when the bough breaks," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Here, according to modern pronunciation, the rhymes of the first
+  couplet are imperfect, so that it was probably composed in the Saxon era,
+  or while the word <i>bough</i> was still pronounced <i>bog</i> or
+  <i>bock</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Milton's Widow</i> (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134.
+  200.).&mdash;Reading up my arrears of "N. &amp; Q.," which a long absence
+  from England has caused to accumulate, I find frequent inquiries made for
+  some information which I once promised, relative to Milton's widow. I
+  fear that your correspondents on this subject have formed an exaggerated
+  idea of the importance of the expected note, and that they will see but a
+  "ridiculus mus" after all. As I have no means at hand at the present
+  moment wherewith to attempt to elucidate the Minshull genealogy, I shall
+  content myself by simply sending my original notes, namely, brief
+  abstracts of the wills of Thomas and Nathan Paget preserved at Doctors'
+  Commons.</p>
+
+  <p>Thomas Paget, minister of the gospel at Stockport, in Cheshire, makes
+  his will May 23, 1660; mentions his three daughters Dorothy, Elizabeth,
+  and Mary; and leaves estates at different places in Shropshire to his two
+  sons, Dr. Nathan and Thomas, whom he appoints his executors. He entreats
+  <i>his cousin Minshull, apothecarie in Manchester</i>, to be overseer of
+  his will, which was proved October 16, 1660.</p>
+
+  <p>[I have before (Vol. v., p. 327.) shown the connexion between the
+  Pagets and Manchester.]</p>
+
+  <p>Nathan Paget, Doctor in Medicine, will dated January 7, 1678, was then
+  living in the parish of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, leaves
+  certain estates, and his house in London where he resided, to his brother
+  Thomas Paget, clerk. Bequests to his cousin John Goldsmith of the Middle
+  Temple, gent., and <i>his cousin Elizabeth Milton</i>, to the Society of
+  Physicians, and the poor of the parish of St. Stephen's. Will proved
+  January 15, 1678.</p>
+
+  <p>I have omitted to note <i>what</i> the bequests were. I will only add,
+  that some time ago I dropped my <i>alias</i> of <span
+  class="sc">Cranmore</span>, and have occasionally appeared in your sixth
+  Volume as</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arthur Paget</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Watch-paper Inscriptions</i> (Vol. viii., p. 316.).&mdash;-I
+  recollect, when at school, having an old silver watch with the following
+  printed lines inside the case:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Time is&mdash;the present moment well employ;</p>
+      <p>Time was&mdash;is past&mdash;thou canst not it enjoy;</p>
+      <p>Time future&mdash;is not, and may never be;</p>
+      <p>Time present&mdash;is the only time for thee."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jno. D. Allcroft</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Poetical Tavern Signs</i> (Vol. viii., p. 242.).&mdash;May I add to
+  those mentioned by your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Warde</span>,
+  one at Chatham. On the sign-board is painted "an arm embowed, holding a
+  malt-shovel," underneath which is written,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Good malt makes good beer,</p>
+      <p>Walk in, and you'll find it here."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Brindley Acworth</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Star Hill, Rochester.</p>
+
+  <p>At a small inn in Castleton, near Whitby, the sign represents Robin
+  Hood and Little John in their usual forest costume, and underneath appear
+  the following doggerel lines:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"To gentlemen and yeomen good,</p>
+      <p>Come in and drink with Robin Hood;</p>
+      <p>If Robin Hood is not at home,</p>
+      <p>Come in and drink with Little John."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">F. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Parish Clerks' Company</i> (Vol. viii., p. 341.).&mdash;The hall is
+  in Silver Street, Wood Street; the beadle is Mr. Bullard, No. 9. Grocers'
+  Hall Court, Poultry.</p>
+
+  <p>If the circulars of the company were attended to, a great service
+  would be rendered to the public; but as there are about one hundred and
+  sixty churches in the metropolis, the chance of a parish clerk finding
+  any particular marriage, &amp;c. is, at the best, but as one to one
+  hundred and sixty. Besides this, the parish registers are generally in
+  the custody of the clergyman, and it is therefore feared that the
+  searches are but too often <!-- Page 453 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page453"></a>{453}</span>neglected, unless the reward is
+  sufficiently tempting to induce the loss of time and the probability of
+  an unsuccessful examination.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John S. Burn.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Elijah's Mantle</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 295.).&mdash;James Sayers,
+  Esq., a solicitor of Staple Inn, was the author of this beautiful poem,
+  and he was also the reputed author of some of Gilray's best
+  caricatures.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Suum Cuique.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Histories of Literature</i> (Vol. viii., p. 222.).&mdash;In
+  addition to the works of Hallam, Maitland, and Berrington mentioned by
+  you, I would recommend your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">Ilmonasteriensis</span> to procure an <i>anonymous</i>
+  publication, entitled <i>An Introduction to the Literary History of the
+  Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries</i>, London, 1798, 8vo. It is a much
+  neglected work, replete with interesting information relative to the
+  state of literature during the dark ages. I observe a copy in calf,
+  marked 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> in a bookseller's catalogue published lately
+  in this city.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. G. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Birthplace of General Monk</i> (Vol. viii., p. 316.).&mdash;I
+  regret to find I am in error in saying that Lysons positively assigns
+  Landcross as Monk's birthplace in the <i>Magna Britannia</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The mistake is of slight import as respects the Query, but accuracy in
+  citing authorities is at least desirable, and ought (in common justice)
+  to be ever most scrupulously regarded.</p>
+
+  <p>"General Monk <i>appears</i> to have been a native of this village; he
+  was baptised at Lancras, December 11, 1608," is, I find, the actual
+  passage, the substance of which (writing in Germany, far from any means
+  of reference), at the time believed I was more correctly quoting.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Kyffin Lenthall.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Reform Club.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Books chained to Desks in Churches</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 93.
+  273.).&mdash;In the library of St. Walburg's Church at Zutphen,
+  consisting chiefly of Bibles and other Latin works, the books are
+  fastened to the desks by iron chains. This was done, it is said, to
+  prevent the Evil One from stealing them, a crime of which he had been
+  repeatedly guilty. The proof of this is found in the stone-floor, where
+  his foot-marks are impressed, and still show the direction of his march:
+  they also teach us the important fact, that the feet of his tenebrious
+  majesty are very like those of a large dog, and do not, as is generally
+  supposed, resemble those of a horse.&mdash;From the
+  <i>Navorscher</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">L. v. H.</span></p>
+
+  <p>In the chancel of Leyland Church, Lancashire, are four folio books
+  chained to a window seat which makes a sloping desk for them: they are
+  Foxe's <i>Martyrs</i> and Jewell's <i>Apology</i>, both in black-letter,
+  title-pages torn, and much worn; and a <i>Preservative against
+  Popery</i>, in 2 vols., dated 1738.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. P.</p>
+
+  <p>A copy of the Bible was formerly affixed by a chain in Wimborne
+  Minster, Dorset, but has been removed to a certain library.</p>
+
+  <p>The covers of a book are chained to a desk in the church of Kettering;
+  the book itself is gone.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p>In the parish church of Borden, near Sittingbourne, Kent, a copy of
+  <i>Comber on the Common Prayer</i> is chained to a stand in the
+  chancel.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Esta.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Pedigree Indices</i> (Vol. viii., p. 317.).&mdash;If <span
+  class="sc">Captain</span> wishes to make a search for a pedigree in the
+  libraries at Cambridge, he will learn from the MSS. Catalogue of 1697 in
+  which of the libraries MS. volumes of heraldry and genealogy ought to be
+  found; he should then apply, either through some master of arts, or with
+  a proper letter of introduction in his hand, to the librarian for leave
+  to search the volumes. He will find that generally every facility is
+  afforded him which the safe keeping of historical evidences allows. He
+  will do well to select term-time for the period of making a search; and
+  before seeking admission to a college librarian, it will be found
+  convenient to both parties for him to give a day's notice, by letter or
+  card, to the librarian, who has often occupations and engagements that
+  cannot always be got rid of at the call of a chance visitor.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cantab.</span></p>
+
+  <p>There are not any published genealogical tables showing the various
+  kindred of William of Wykeham or Sir Thomas White similar to those
+  contained in the <i>Stemmata Chicheliana</i>. A few descents of kindred
+  of Sir Thomas White may be seen in Ashmole's <i>History of Berkshire</i>,
+  3 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Portrait of Hobbes</i> (Vol. viii. p 368.).&mdash;I have an etching
+  (size about 6½ in. by 8½ in.) inscribed:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Vera et Viva Effigies <span class="sc">Thomæ Hobbes</span>,
+  Malmesburiensis."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>and under this:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I. Bapt. Caspar pinxit; W. Hollar fecit aqua forti, 1665."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is a half-length portrait, and represents Hobbes uncovered, with
+  his hands folded in his robe; and is without any arch or other
+  ornament.</p>
+
+  <p>Did Caspar paint more than one portrait of Hobbes? Is this the one
+  mentioned by Hollar, in his letter dated 1661, quoted by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. M<sup>c</sup>Cree.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Tenets or Tenents</i> (Vol. vii., p.205.; Vol. viii., p.
+  330.).&mdash;Were there two editions of the <i>Vulgar Errors</i>
+  published in the same year, 1646? For my copy, "printed by T.&nbsp;H. for
+  Edward Dod, and <!-- Page 454 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page454"></a>{454}</span>are to be sold in Ivie Lane, 1646," and
+  which I have always supposed to be of the first edition, has "Tenents,"
+  very distinctly, on the title-page. On the fly-leaf, opposite to the
+  title-page, is the approbation of John Downame, dated March 14, 1645, and
+  commencing thus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have perused these learned animadversions upon the common tenets
+  and opinions of men," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">H. T. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hull.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Door-head Inscriptions</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 23. 190. 588.; Vol.
+  viii., pp. 38. 162.).&mdash;Over a house in Hexham, in the street called
+  Gilligate, is the following inscription:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"C. D. &nbsp; 1683. &nbsp; J. D.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Reason doth wonder, but Faith he tell can,</p>
+      <p>That a maid was a mother, and God was a man.</p>
+      <p>Let Reason look down, and Faith see the wonder;</p>
+      <p>For Faith sees above, and Reason sees under.</p>
+      <p>Reason doth wonder what by Scripture is meant,</p>
+      <p>Which says that Christ's body is our Sacrament:</p>
+      <p>That our bread is His body, and our drink is His blood,</p>
+      <p>Which cannot by Reason be well understood;</p>
+      <p>For Faith sees above, and Reason below,</p>
+      <p>For Faith can see more than Reason doth know."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceyrep</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>The following is reported to have been inscribed by the Pope (1725)
+  over the gate of the Apostolical Chancery:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Fide Deo&mdash;dic sæpe preces&mdash;peccare caveto&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Sit humilis&mdash;pacem delige&mdash;magna fuge&mdash;</p>
+      <p>Multa audi&mdash;dic pauca&mdash;tace secreta&mdash;minori</p>
+      <p class="i1">Parcito&mdash;majori cedito&mdash;ferto parem.</p>
+      <p>Propria fac&mdash;non differ opus&mdash;sis æquas egeno&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Parta tuere&mdash;pati disce&mdash;memento mori."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hour-glass Stand</i> (Vol. vii., p. 489.; Vol. viii., pp. 82. 209.
+  328.).&mdash;There is an hour-glass stand attached to the right-hand side
+  of the pulpit of Edingthorpe Church, Norfolk. The date of the pulpit is
+  1632.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. L. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bulstrode Whitlock and Whitelocke Bulstrode</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  293.).&mdash;Bulstrode Whitlock was the son of Sir James Whitlock, Kt.,
+  by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Bulstrode, of Hedgley-Bulstrode, in the
+  county of Buckingham; and Whitelocke Bulstrode was the son of Sir
+  Richard, eldest son of the above-mentioned Edward Bulstrode. (See
+  <i>Lives of the Lords Chancellors, &amp;c</i>., by an Impartial Hand,
+  vol. ii p. 1.; and Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Halieus" class="grk">&#x1F09;&lambda;&iota;&epsilon;&#x1F7B;&sigmaf;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Movable Metal Types anno 1435</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  405.).&mdash;Although I am not able to give any information concerning
+  Sister Margarite, or the convent at Mur, I yet may observe, 1st, that the
+  last three letters of the legend - - <span class="scac">K</span> can
+  hardly refer to Laurens Janzroon Coster, for his name in 1435 was never
+  spelt with <span class="scac">K</span>, but always with <span
+  class="scac">C</span>; and, besides, if a proper name be here intended,
+  it will certainly be that of the binder. 2ndly, that in the catalogue of
+  the Haarlem City Library, from p. 77. to 112., mention is made of six
+  works, which, though bearing no date, were, it is more than probable,
+  printed with movable metal types before 1435. One of these, <i>Aelii
+  Donati Grammaticæ Latinæ Fragmenta duo</i>, was printed before 1425, and
+  the writer of the catalogue adds in his notes:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ipsos typos, quibus hæ lamellæ sunt excusæ, fuisse <i>mobiles</i>,
+  cum nonnullæ literæ inversæ evidenter testantur, tum omnium
+  expertissimorum typographorum reique typographicæ peritissimorum
+  arbitrûm, qui has lacinias contemplati sunt, unanima et constans
+  affirmavit sententia. Quin et <i>fusos</i> eos esse perhibuerunt plurimi,
+  et in his Koningius, magno quamvis studio negaverat typorum ligneorum
+  mobilium acerrimus propugnator Meermannus."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">From the <i>Navorscher</i>. <span class="sc">Constantee</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Oaken Tombs</i> (Vol. vii., p. 528.; Vol. viii., p. 179.).&mdash;In
+  the chancel of Brancepeth Church, co. Durham, are oaken effigies of a
+  Lord and Lady Neville, of which the following is a description. The
+  figure of the man is in a coat of mail, the hands elevated with
+  gauntlets, wearing his casque, which rests on a bull's or buffalo's head,
+  a collar round his neck studded with gems, and on the breast a shield
+  with the arms of Neville. The female figure has a high crowned bonnet,
+  and the mantle is drawn close over the feet, which rest on two dogs
+  couchant. The tomb is ornamented with small figures of ecclesiastics at
+  prayer, but is without inscription. Leland (<i>Itin.</i>, i. 80.)
+  says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In the paroche church of Saint Brandon, at Branspeth, be dyvers
+  tumbes of the Nevilles. In the quire is a high tumbe, of one of them
+  porturid with his wife. This Neville lakkid heires male, wherapoan great
+  concertation rose betwixt the next heire male, and one the
+  Gascoynes."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Stafford Knot</i> (Vol. viii., p. 220.).&mdash;It was the badge or
+  cognisance of the house of Stafford, Earls of Stafford.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Gough</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Emberton, Bucks.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hand in Bishop's Cannings Church</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  269.).&mdash;See an article on this "Manus Meditationis," with a copy of
+  the inscription, in the <i>Ecclesiologist</i>, vol. v. p. 150.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Gough</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Emberton, Bucks.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Richard, King of the Romans</i> (Vol. viii,
+  p.265.).&mdash;I think it might be proved that the border refers not to
+  Poitou (which is represented <!-- Page 455 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page455"></a>{455}</span>by the crowned lion), but to Cornwall, the
+  ancient feudal arms of which are <i>Sable, fifteen bezants</i>,
+  referring, as it would seem, to its metallic treasures. See an article on
+  the numerous arms derived from those of this Richard, in the appendix to
+  Mr. Lower's <i>Curiosities of Heraldry</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Gough</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Emberton, Bucks.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Burial in an erect Position</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 59.
+  233.).&mdash;So Ben Jonson was buried at Westminster, probably on account
+  of the large fee demanded for a full-sized grave. It was long supposed by
+  many that the story was invented to account for the smallness of the
+  gravestone; but the grave being opened a few years ago, the dramatist's
+  remains were discovered in the attitude indicated by tradition.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Gough</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Emberton, Bucks.</p>
+
+  <p>In the <i>Ingoldsby Legends</i>, vol. i. p. 106., we have:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"No!&mdash;Tray's humble tomb would look but shabby</p>
+      <p class="hg1">'Mid the sculptured shrines of that gorgeous Abbey.</p>
+      <p class="i2">Besides, in the place</p>
+      <p class="i2">They say there's not space</p>
+      <p>To bury what wet-nurses call 'a Babby.'</p>
+      <p>Even 'rare Ben Jonson,' that famous wight,</p>
+      <p>I am told, is interr'd there bolt upright,</p>
+      <p>In just such a posture, beneath his bust,</p>
+      <p>As Tray used to sit in to beg for a crust."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Is there any authority for the statement?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Erica</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wooden Effigies</i> (Vol. viii., p. 255.).&mdash;These are by no
+  means uncommon, though it is to be feared that many have perished within
+  comparatively recent times. In the church of Clifton Reynes, Bucks, there
+  are wooden effigies of two knights of the Reynes family with their
+  wives.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Gough</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Emberton, Bucks.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wedding Divination</i> (Vol. vii., p. 545.).&mdash;The following
+  mediæval superstition may be quoted as a pretty exact parallel of the
+  <i>wedding divination</i> alluded to by <span
+  class="sc">Oxoniensis</span>. It is from Wright's selection of Latin
+  stories of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Harl. MS.
+  463.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Vidi in quibusdam partibus, quando mulieres nubebant, et de ecclesiâ
+  redibant, in ingressu domus in faciem corum frumentum projiciebant,
+  clamantes: 'Abundantia! Abundantia!' quod Gallicè dicitur <i>plentè</i>,
+  <i>plentè</i>; et tamen plerumque, antequam annus transiret, pauperes
+  mendici remanebant et abundantià omni bonorum carebant."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C. K.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">&mdash;&mdash; Rectory, Hereford.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Old Fogie</i> (Vol. viii., p. 154.).&mdash;If it will throw any
+  additional light on the controversy as to "fogie," I may add that for a
+  long period of years I have heard it applied only to the discharged
+  invalided pensioners of the army. On a late Queen's birthday review on
+  the <i>Green</i>, the boys and girls were in ecstasies at seeing the "old
+  fogies" dressed out in new suits. It is very often spoken derisively to a
+  thick-headed stupid person, but which cannot determine accurately its
+  primary signification.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. N.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>Notes on Books, Etc.</h3>
+
+  <p>The noble President of the Society of Antiquaries is fast bringing to
+  completion the cheaper and revised edition of his <i>History of England
+  from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles</i>, 1713-1783. The
+  sixth volume, which is now before us, embraces the eventful six years
+  1774-1780, which saw the commencement of the great struggle with America,
+  which ended in the independence of the United States. In this, as in his
+  preceding volumes, the new materials which Lord Mahon has been so
+  fortunate as to collect from the family papers of the representatives of
+  the political leaders of the period, and which he has inserted in his
+  appendix, contribute very materially to the value and importance of his
+  history.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cheshire; its Historical and Literary Associations, illustrated in
+  a series of Biographical Sketches;</i> and <i>The Cheshire and Lancashire
+  Historical Collector</i>, a small 8vo. sheet originally issued every
+  month, but now every fortnight, in consequence of increase of materials,
+  and the great encouragement which the undertaking has received, are two
+  contributions towards Cheshire topography, local history, bibliography,
+  &amp;c., for which the good men of the Palatinate are indebted to the
+  zeal of Mr. T. Worthington Barlow, of the Society of Gray's Inn.</p>
+
+  <p>It is always a subject of gratification to us when we see cheap yet
+  handsome reprints of our standard authors; for no better proof can be
+  given of the increase among us not only of a reading public, but of a
+  public who are disposed to read well. It is therefore with no small
+  pleasure that we have received from Mr. Routledge copies of his five
+  shilling edition of <i>The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, from
+  the Text, and with the Notes and Glossary of Thomas Tyrwhitt, condensed
+  and arranged under the Text</i>. It is obvious that considerable labour
+  has been taken by the editor in its preparation, for he has not contented
+  himself with merely transferring the contents of Tyrwhitt's Notes and
+  Glossary to their proper places beneath the text; but has availed himself
+  of the labours of Messrs. Craik, Saunders, Sir H. Nicolas, and our able
+  correspondent A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B., to give completeness to what is a very useful
+  edition of old Dan Chaucer's masterpiece. We have to thank the same
+  publisher for a corresponding edition of Spenser's <i>Faerie Queene</i>;
+  so that no lover of those two glorious old poets need any longer want a
+  cheap and compact edition of them.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<i>History of the
+  Guillotine, revised from the Quarterly Review</i>, by the Right Hon.
+  J.&nbsp;W. Croker, which forms the new part of Murray's <i>Railway <!-- Page
+  456 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page456"></a>{456}</span>Reading</i>, is not only valuable as a
+  <i>précis</i> of all that is known upon this very obscure subject, but
+  for all its illustration of the difficulty of arriving at historical
+  truth.&mdash;<i>A Love Story; being the History of the Courtship and
+  Marriage of Dr. Dove of Doncaster</i>, that delightful episode in
+  Southey's most delightful book, <i>The Doctor</i>, forms Part L. of
+  Longman's <i>Traveller's Library</i>.&mdash;<i>The First Italian Book</i>
+  appears a very successful attempt on the part of Signor Pifferi and Mr.
+  Dawson W. Turner to furnish a companion to the <i>First French Book</i>
+  of that accomplished scholar, the late Rev. T.&nbsp;K. Arnold.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Torriano Piazza Universale di Proverbi
+  Italiani</span>. London, 1668. Folio.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica</span>. Vol.
+  IX.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Encyclopædia Britannica</span>. 7th Edition. Vol.
+  XXII., Part 2.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Examiner</span> (Newspaper), No. 2297, February 7,
+  1853.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">William Shakspeare</span>: A Biography, by Charles
+  Knight (First Edition).</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Chapman's Architecturiæ Navales Mercaturiæ</span>.
+  1768. Folio. Published in Sweden.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>Robert Stewart</i>, Bookseller, Paisley.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Two Dialogues in the Elysian Fields, Between Card.
+  Wolsey and Card. Ximenes</span>. To which are added Historical Accounts
+  of Wolsey's two Colleges and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove.
+  London, 1761. 8vo.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>W. S. Fitch</i>, Ipswich.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Addison's Works</span>. First Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Jones' (Of Hoyland) Works</span>. 13 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Wilkinson's Ancient Egypt</span>. Vols. IV. and
+  V.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Byron's Life and Letters</span>. 3 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>Simms &amp; Son</i>, Booksellers, Bath.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Kant's Logic</span>, translated by John
+  Richardson.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Historic Certainties</span> by Aristarchus
+  Newlight.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Songs</span>&mdash;"The Boatmen shout." Attwood. "Ah!
+  godan lor felicita" (Faust). Spohr.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>C. Mansfield Ingleby</i>, Birmingham.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Spectator</span>, printed by Alex. Lawrie &amp;
+  Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II., III., VI., VII., and VIII.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>J. T. Cheetham</i>, Firwood, Chadderton, near Oldham.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Oxford Almanack</span> for 1719.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Am&oelig;nitates Academicæ</span>. Vol. I. Holmiæ,
+  1749.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Brouræ Hist. Nat. Jamaicæ</span>. London, 1756.
+  Folio.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ammanus I. Stirpes Rariores</span>. Petrop. 1739.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Philosophical Transactions</span> for 1683.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Annals of Philosophy</span> for January, 1824.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Poem upon the Most Hopeful and Ever-Flourishing
+  Sprouts of Valour, the Indefatigable Centrys of the Physic
+  Garden</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Poem upon Mr. Jacob Bobart's Yewmen of the Guards to
+  the Physic Garden, to the Tune of "The Counter-Scuffle</span>." Oxon.
+  1662.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>The above two Ballads are by Edmund Gayton.</p>
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>H. T. Bobart</i>, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Peyran's Coptic Lexicon</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mure on the Calendar and Zodiacs of Ancient
+  Egypt</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Gladwin's Persian Moonshee</span>. 4to.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Jones's Classical Library</span> (the 8vo. Edition).
+  The Volume containing Herodotus, Vol. I.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Chronicles of London</span>. 1827.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. Hayward</i>, Bookseller, Bath.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Owing to the length of</i> <span class="sc">Professor De
+  Morgan's</span> <i>very interesting article and the number of our
+  Advertisements, we have enlarged our present Number to Thirty-two
+  pages.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Wanted.</span> <i>So many of our Correspondents
+  seem disposed to avail themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers
+  in direct communication with them, that we find ourselves compelled to
+  limit each list of books to two insertions. We would also express a hope
+  that those gentlemen who may at once succeed in obtaining any desired
+  volumes will be good enough to notify the same to us, in order that such
+  books may not unnecessarily appear in such list even a second
+  time.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>The letters for</i> A. Z., <span class="sc">Mr. Demayne</span>,
+  <span class="sc">Mr. F. Crossley</span>, &amp;c., <i>have been duly
+  forwarded.</i></p>
+
+  <p>X. Y. Z. <i>We have no doubt the early numbers of</i> The Press <i>may
+  be procured on application to the publisher of that paper.</i></p>
+
+  <p>F. M. <i>The passage in</i> King John,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i10hg3">"My face so thin</p>
+      <p>That in my ear I dare not stick a rose,</p>
+      <p>Lest men should say, See where threefarthings goes!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>contains an allusion to the</i> very thin <i>silver threefarthing
+  pieces, coined by Elizabeth, which bore a rose. In Boswell's
+  Shakspeare</i> (ed. 1821), vol. XV. p. 209., <i>will be found nearly two
+  pages of illustrative notes.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A <span class="sc">Constant Reader</span> <i>is informed that the
+  line</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Men are but children of a larger growth"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>is from Dryden's</i> All for Love.</p>
+
+  <p>J. L. (Islington). <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>informs us
+  that he procured his naphtha from Messrs. Simpson and Maule, of
+  Kennington, but he would not advise the use of varnish so made. It is apt
+  to dry up in round spots, and which sometimes print from the negative. He
+  also adds, that one ounce of the collodio-amber varnish as recommended by
+  him will, with care, from its great fluidity and ready-flowing qualities,
+  effectually varnish upwards of thirty glass negatives of the quarter
+  plate size: thus the real expense is very inconsiderable.</i></p>
+
+  <p>F. S. A. <i>Photography is perfectly applicable to the copying of MSS.
+  or printed leaves, either smaller, of the same size, or larger than the
+  original, the only requisite beyond a good lens being a camera of
+  sufficient length for a long focus. A plain surface exposed in front of a
+  lens requires a range behind it of the same distance to produce an equal
+  size copy; a magnified image being produced by a nearer approach to the
+  lens, and a smaller the farther the object is distant. Prints are often
+  copied by mere contact, without the use of any lens whatever. As a
+  brother F.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;A.,</i> <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>will be
+  happy to give you some personal instructions as to your
+  requirements.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii.,
+  <i>price Three Guineas and a Half.&mdash;Copies are being made up and may
+  be had by order.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by
+  post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+  Bedsteads; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts.
+  And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room
+  Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
+  their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p>
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham
+  Court Road.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash; Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by <span class="sc">John Sanford</span>, Photographic Stationer,
+  Aldine Chanbers, 13. Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>On the 1st November, 16 pp. crown 4to., price Threehalfpence.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE.</p>
+
+  <p>A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, &amp;c.,
+  &amp;c., devoted to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social Elevation
+  of the Working Classes. Under the Superintendence of a Committee.</p>
+
+  <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 457 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page457"></a>{457}</span></p>
+
+  <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following
+  articles:&mdash;1. Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Parish Girl, a
+  Poem: by the Rev. John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgcumbes of the Olden
+  Time, by Mrs. Bray, Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer's
+  Pantropheon. 5. Notes on Mediæval Art in France and Germany, by J.&nbsp;G.
+  Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg, Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the
+  White Horse of Saxony and Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq.,
+  Garter. 7. The Campaigns of 1793-95 in Flanders and Holland.
+  Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Counsels' Fees and Lawyers' Bills:
+  Shops in Westminster Hall: The Family of Phipps: Mr. John Knill of St.
+  Ive's: Antiquity of the Mysterious Word "Wheedle." With Notes of the
+  Month: Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of the Archæological
+  Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Wiltshire, Somersetshire,
+  Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and <span
+  class="sc">Obituary</span>, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord
+  Anderson, Right Hon. Sir Frederick Adam, Adm. Sir Charles Adam, James
+  Dodsley Cuff, Esq., Mr. Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &amp;c. Price
+  2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NICHOLS &amp; SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>VOLUME I. IS NOW READY,</p>
+
+  <p>Price only 6<i>s.</i>, of the</p>
+
+  <p>CHEAP RE-ISSUE <span class="scac">OF</span> EVELYN'S DIARY AND
+  CORRESPONDENCE.</p>
+
+  <p>New, Revised, and Enlarged Edition, comprising all the Important
+  Additional Notes, Letters, and other Illustrations.</p>
+
+  <p>To be completed in FOUR MONTHLY VOLUMES, price only 6<i>s.</i> each
+  bound. Printed uniformly with the last Edition of Pepys's "Diary."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We rejoice to welcome this beautiful and compact edition of Evelyn:
+  one of the most valuable and interesting works in the language, now
+  deservedly regarded as an English classic."&mdash;<i>Examiner.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his successors HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  15. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE STEREOSCOPE,</p>
+
+  <p>Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An
+  Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>London: WALTON &amp; MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane,
+  Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, by the same Author, price 1<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr.
+  Thomas Reid.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+  Jobert."&mdash;<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER. West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON.
+  Birmingham: H. C. LANGBRIDGE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>LEEDS LIBRARY.</p>
+
+  <p>LIBRARIAN.&mdash;Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent
+  to undertake the duties of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The
+  Institution consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant
+  Librarian is employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10
+  <span class="scac">A.M.</span> to 8 <span class="scac">P.M.</span> daily,
+  with an interval of two hours. Salary 120<i>l.</i> a year. Applications,
+  with Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid,
+  not later than 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec.,
+  9. Park Row, Leeds.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+  Establishments.&mdash;The superiority of this preparation is now
+  universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and
+  principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto
+  no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+  pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
+  where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale
+  price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and
+  Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Caution</span>.&mdash;Each Bottle is Stamped with a
+  Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to
+  counterfeit which is felony.</p>
+
+  <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware
+  purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+  The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label
+  bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL
+  MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals; and may be procured of
+  all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1<i>s.</i>, 2<i>s.</i>, and
+  3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's
+  Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY &amp; CO., 95. Farringdon Street,
+  Wholesale Agents.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &amp;c.)
+  may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+  procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+  practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.&mdash;OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED
+  FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the
+  Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to
+  any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking
+  either Views or Portraits.&mdash;The Trade supplied.</p>
+
+  <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
+  Frames, &amp;c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
+  Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>New Inventions, Models, &amp;c., made to order or from Drawings.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289.
+  Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.&mdash;An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+  celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+  the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission
+  6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea;
+  Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS FOR SINGING. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PIANOFORTE. Forty-sixth
+  Edition. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HAMILTON'S DICTIONARY OF 3500 MUSICAL TERMS. Forty-second Edition.
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CLARKE'S CATECHISM OF THE RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC. Thirtieth Edition.
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"These works are all favorites with professors, because they are
+  favourites with the pupils. Few know how to write a book of instruction;
+  but Hamilton did, because he knew thoroughly well how to teach. The
+  extreme popularity of these works (as may be noticed from the number of
+  editions they have passed through) has called forth many imitations; but
+  everybody will like the original, or prototype, rather than the copy. The
+  Dictionary is famous as the most copious and correct extant; and the
+  little catechism is as clever as it is unpretentious."&mdash;Vide
+  <i>Reading Mercury</i>, Oct. 22.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>ROBERT COCKS &amp; CO., New Burlington Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Library of an eminent Scholar.&mdash;Six Days' Sale.</p>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Monday, November 14th,
+  and Five following Days, a Large Collection of valuable Books, the
+  Library of an eminent Scholar deceased, consisting of Historical and
+  Critical Works in various Languages, Classics, Scientific Works, Books of
+  Prints, &amp;c. The whole in choice condition. Catalogues will be sent on
+  application (if in the country on receipt of Six Stamps).</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO COLLECTORS OF AUTOGRAPHS AND MSS.&mdash;The following Documents are
+  Missing, viz. Some Family Papers relative to the Second Marriage of the
+  Duke of Somerset in 1725; other Letters on the Death of the Duke's
+  Grandson; Autograph Notes of George III. to Charles, Earl of Egremont, in
+  1762 and 1763; a Letter of Charles II.; a Particular of the Duchess of
+  Somerset's Debts, 1692; Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson; a Letter
+  of Lord Lyttleton, with Complimentary Verses, dated Jan. 1, 1761, &amp;c.
+  Any information relating to the preceding will be thankfully received,
+  and a liberal reward paid on restoration of the papers.</p>
+
+  <p>Apply to MESSRS. PUTTICK &amp; SIMPSON. Auctioneers of Literary
+  Property, 191. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.&mdash;Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and
+  Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p>
+
+  <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Price List Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 458 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page458"></a>{458}</span></p>
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.&nbsp;P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+      <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>£</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Solicitors' &amp; General Life Assurance Society,</p>
+
+  <p>52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:</p>
+
+  <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p>
+
+  <p>Exemption of the Assured from All Liability.</p>
+
+  <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p>
+
+  <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p>
+
+  <p>In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are
+  divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the
+  sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p>
+
+  <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest
+  on Capital, for Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of
+  fraud.</p>
+
+  <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
+  nearly <span class="sc">Two Per Cent.</span> per annum on the amount
+  assured, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on
+  the <i>Premiums paid</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been
+  paid.</p>
+
+  <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p>
+
+  <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be
+  effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at
+  the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite
+  information can be obtained.</p>
+
+  <p>CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,&mdash;25. CANNON STREET,
+  CITY.&mdash;The Advantages offered by this Society are Security, Economy,
+  and lower Rates of Premium than most other Offices.</p>
+
+  <p>No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies
+  indisputable.</p>
+
+  <p>Loans granted to Policy-holders.</p>
+
+  <p>For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low
+  as 20<i>l.</i>, at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.</p>
+
+  <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application
+  to</p>
+
+  <p>HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p>
+
+  <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p>
+
+  <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan
+  of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained
+  with perfect Security.</p>
+
+  <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>PETER MORRISON,</p>
+      <p>Managing Director.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description
+  of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of</p>
+
+  <p>PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+  WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other traveling requisites. Gratis on
+  application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+  <p>J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 18. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+  <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers. 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases. 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers.
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &amp;c.&mdash;BARRY, DU BARRY
+  &amp; CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+  remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+  fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic,
+  intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted,
+  dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrh&oelig;a, acidity,
+  heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of
+  the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during
+  pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the
+  aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:&mdash;</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+  Decies:&mdash;"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+  Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+  authorise the publication of these lines.&mdash;<span class="sc">Stuart
+  de Decies.</span>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 49,832:&mdash;"Fifty years' indescribable agony from
+  dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms,
+  sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's
+  excellent food.&mdash;<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling,
+  near Diss, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 180:&mdash;"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+  indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+  which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by
+  Du Barry's food in a very short time.&mdash;<span class="sc">W. R.
+  Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 4,208:&mdash;"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility,
+  with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+  advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+  food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+  inquiries.&mdash;<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington
+  Rectory, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p>
+
+  <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+  nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all
+  kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body,
+  as also diarrh&oelig;a, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and
+  bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of
+  the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+  hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+  satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+  where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+  bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+  troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+  conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+  incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br />
+"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London Agents:&mdash;Fortnum, Mason &amp; Co., 182. Piccadilly,
+  purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges &amp; Butler, 155. Regent
+  Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine
+  venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full
+  instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>;
+  5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>;
+  10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of
+  Post-office order.&mdash;Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>&mdash;Many invalids having
+  been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar
+  names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to
+  see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry
+  &amp; Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which
+  none is genuine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 459 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page459"></a>{459}</span></p>
+
+<h3>CHEAP BOOKS</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">ON SALE AT</p>
+
+<h3>WILLIAMS AND NORGATE'S</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">14. HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>Just completed, in 2 vols. 4to. With Prolegomena and Indexes.
+  Published in Germany at 33&#x2153; Thalers or 5<i>l.</i>, offered for
+  3<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>SUIDÆ LEXICON. GRÆCE ET LATINE. Post GAISFORDIUM recensuit et
+  annotatione critica instruxit GODOFREDUS BERNHARDY. Complete with a New
+  Prolegomena and Indexes just published.</p>
+
+  <p>Having purchased a number of Copies of the above Work, we are enabled
+  to offer them so long as the present stock lasts, for ready money at
+  3<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> stitched, or strongly half bound in morocco or
+  russia, for 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Just completed, 2 stout vols. and Index volume.</p>
+
+  <p>NOTITIA DIGNITATVM ET ADMINISTRATIONVM Omnivm tam Civilivm qvam
+  Militarivm in partibvs Orientis et Occidentis. Recensvit Commentariis
+  indiceqve illvstravit EDVARDVS BOCKING. Vol. I., 540 pages, and 47
+  engravings; Vol. II. 1210 pages, and 45 engravings; Index, 194 pages.</p>
+
+  <p>This Work, just published at 10&#x2154; Thalers or 1<i>l.</i>
+  12<i>s.</i> in Germany, we offer&mdash;as long as our present stock shall
+  last&mdash;for 24<i>s.</i> only.</p>
+
+  <p>Just published, 2 vols. 8vo., price 24<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>GRAMMATICA CELTICA. E Monumentis Vetustis tam Hibernicæ Linguæ quam
+  Britannicæ dialecti Cambricæ, Cornicæ, Armoricæ, nec non e Gallicæ priscæ
+  reliquiis. Construxit T.&nbsp;C. ZEUSS. 2 vols. 8vo. 24<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Just published in One Volume, 806 pages, royal 8vo., price
+  12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LEXICON ETYMOLOGICUM LINGUARUM ROMANARUM, ITALICÆ, HISPANICÆ, GALLICÆ.
+  Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Romanischen Sprachen, von FRIED. DIEZ. 806
+  pages, royal 8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>DUCANGE. Glossarium Mediæ et infimæ Latinitatis, c. Suppl. D.
+  Carpentieri et additamentis Adelungii et aliorum, digessit O. Henschel. 7
+  vols. 4to. Paris, 1844-52. (Pub. at 14<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i>)
+  10<i>l.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HUTTEN (Ulr. v.) Opera quæ extant omnia.&mdash;Des deutschen Ritters
+  Ulrich von Hutten sämmtliche Werke mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen, &amp;c.
+  herausg. v. E. Muench. 5 vols. 8vo. 1821-25. (Pub. at 3<i>l.</i>)
+  18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>&mdash;&mdash; Vol. VI. Epistolæ obscurorum Virorum. 8vo. (Pub. at
+  12<i>s.</i>) 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>BARTSCH. LE PEINTRE-GRAVEUR. Complete. 21 volumes 8vo. Vienne,
+  1803-21. Fine paper, uncut. For 7<i>l.</i> cash.</p>
+
+  <p>***This celebrated Work has long been out of print, and copies fetch
+  at sales from 12<i>l.</i> to 18<i>l.</i> A few copies only remain at the
+  above price.</p>
+
+  <p>NIEBUR'S LECTURES ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.&mdash;Geschichte des
+  Zeitalters der Revolution. 2 vols. 8vo. Published at 16<i>s.</i> Offered
+  for 6<i>s.</i>; or cloth, 7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CHARLES V. CORRESPONDENCE. 1513-1556, edited from the originals in the
+  Archives Royales and the Bibliothèque de Bourgogne at Bruxelles, by DR.
+  K. LANZ. One thousand and nine original letters, 1513-1556. 3 vols. 8vo.
+  Leipzig, 1844-46. (Published at 48<i>s.</i>) 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>GOETHE'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH A CHILD; together with THE DIARY OF A
+  CHILD, by BETTINA v. ARNIM, translated into English by herself. 3 vols.
+  8vo. Plates. 1833. (Published at 24s.) 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ENGLISH AND SCOTCH ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.</p>
+
+  <p>DE ECCLESIASTICÆ BRITONUM SCOTORUMQUE HISTORIÆ, fontibus disseruit
+  Carol. Guil. Schoell (Assistant Preacher, German Church, Savoy). Royal
+  8vo. 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE.</p>
+
+  <p>Just published, 8vo., cloth boards, price 8<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CSINK'S COMPLETE PRACTICAL GRAMMAR OF THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE, with
+  EXERCISES, SELECTIONS from the best Authors, and VOCABULARIES; to which
+  is added a HISTORICAL SKETCH OF HUNGARIAN LITERATURE. A stout 8vo. volume
+  of about 500 pages, beautifully printed.</p>
+
+  <p>WILLIAMS &amp; NORGATE'S FOREIGN BOOK CIRCULAR, No.
+  37.&mdash;Theology, Classics, German and French Literature. European and
+  Oriental Linguistic Books. (1 Stamp.) Gratis.</p>
+
+  <p>GERMAN BOOKS AT GERMAN PRICES. FRENCH BOOKS AT FRENCH PRICES.</p>
+
+  <p>WILLIAMS &amp; NORGATE charge all Books published in Germany at the
+  uniform rate of THREE SHILLINGS per THALER. Books published in France at
+  the rate of TEN PENCE per FRANC only, for Purchases made direct from
+  them.</p>
+
+  <p>Temporarily at 15. BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, in 8vo., price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A FIFTH LETTER to the REV. DR. MAITLAND on the GENUINENESS of the
+  WRITINGS ascribed to CYPRIAN, BISHOP of CARTHAGE. By the REV. E.&nbsp;J.
+  SHEPHERD, M.A., Rector of Luddesdown; Author of the "History of the
+  Church of Rome to the End of the Episcopate of Damasus."</p>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, &amp; LONGMANS.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE PRIMITIVES and LEADING WORDS OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE, so explained
+  throughout as to fix themselves readily and permanently on the Memory. By
+  the REV. F. VALPY, M.A. Second Edition, price 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LONGMAN; BOHN; LAW; PARKER; DEIGHTON &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">MR. HALLAM'S HISTORICAL WORKS.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">This Day is published,</p>
+
+  <p>HISTORY OF EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. By HENRY HALLAM, ESQ. Tenth
+  and revised Edition, incorporating the SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES. 3 vols. 8vo.
+  30<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Also,</p>
+
+  <p>HALLAM'S CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of
+  Henry VII. to the Death of George II. Sixth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo.
+  24<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>HALLAM'S INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERARY HISTORY OF EUROPE, during the
+  15th, 16th, and 17th Centuries. Third Edition. 3 vols. 8vo.
+  36<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTER: selected from the above Work,
+  for Popular Circulation. (5th Thousand.) Fcp. 8vo. 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>JOHN MURRAY. Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>In small 8vo., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>SALEM REDEEMED; or, the Year of Jubilee; a Lyrical Drama, in Three
+  Acts. By EDMUND PEEL, ESQ., Author of the "Fair Island," "Judge Not," and
+  other Poems.</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ARNOLD'S DEMOSTHENES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES.</p>
+
+  <p>In 12mo., price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE ORATION OF DEMOSTHENES ON THE CROWN, edited, from the best Text,
+  with ENGLISH NOTES, and Grammatical References. By the REV. THOMAS
+  KERCHIEVER ARNOLD, M.A., late Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of
+  Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.</p>
+
+  <p>Of whom may be had, by the SAME EDITOR (with ENGLISH NOTES):</p>
+
+  <p>1. THE OLYNTHIAC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES. 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>2. THE PHILIPPIC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>On the 1st of January, 1854, will be commenced THE NEW ANNOTATED
+  EDITION of the ENGLISH POETS; by ROBERT BELL, Author of "The History of
+  Russia," "Lives of the English Poets," &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>To be published in Monthly Volumes, fcap. 8vo., price 2<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> each, combining those features of Research, Typographical
+  Elegance, and Economy of Price, which the present age demands. The text
+  will be carefully collated, and accompanied by Biographical, Critical,
+  and Historical Notes. Each Poet will be independent of the rest;
+  chronological sequence will not be observed in the issue of the works,
+  but will be adjusted by general title-pages on the completion of the
+  Series.</p>
+
+  <p>The Series will commence with the Works of DRYDEN, the First Volume of
+  which will appear on the 1st of January, 1854; to be followed on the 1st
+  of February by a Poet of an earlier period.</p>
+
+  <p>The INTRODUCTORY VOLUME, containing a SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH
+  POETRY, will be published in the course of the year.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 460 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page460"></a>{460}</span></p>
+
+<h3>PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">SOLD BY</p>
+
+<h2>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH.</h2>
+
+<h3>36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</h3>
+
+  <p>These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and
+  the series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity
+  and curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number.
+  The impression of each work is most strictly limited.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+  <p>MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur;
+  now first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral.
+  Seventy-five Copies printed. 5<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** A very curious Romance, full of allusions interesting to the
+  Antiquary and Philologist. It contains nearly eight thousand lines.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln;
+  now first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One
+  Hundred Copies printed. 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** This is a religious poetical Romance, unknown to Warton. Its
+  poetical merits are beyond its age.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare
+  Books and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the
+  Seventeenth Century. Seventy-five Copies printed.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** Out of print separately, but included in the few remaining
+  complete sets.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with
+  numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and
+  other curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1<i>l.</i>
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">V.</p>
+
+  <p>THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and
+  Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire; to which is added THE
+  PALATINE GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i>
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VI.</p>
+
+  <p>THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, Illustrated
+  by Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i>
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:&mdash;Harry White his Humour, set
+  forth by M.&nbsp;P.&mdash;Comedie of the two Italian Gentlemen&mdash;Tailor's
+  Travels from London to the Isle of Wight, 1648&mdash;Wyll Bucke his
+  Testament&mdash;The Booke of Merry Riddles, 1629&mdash;Comedie of All for
+  Money, 1578&mdash;Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco, 1630&mdash;Johnson's New
+  Booke of New Conceites, 1630&mdash;Love's Garland, 1624.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VII.</p>
+
+  <p>THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.&mdash;An Extensive Collection of Ballads and
+  Poems, respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies
+  printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** This Work contains upwards of 400 pages, and include a reprint of
+  the very curious Poem, called "Yorkshire Ale," 1697, as well as a great
+  variety of Old Yorkshire Ballads.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VIII, IX.</p>
+
+  <p>A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes,
+  Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins
+  sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this
+  form. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">X.</p>
+
+  <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS, AND
+  INVENTORIES, Illustrating the History of Prices between the Years 1650
+  and 1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies
+  printed. 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XI.</p>
+
+  <p>THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the
+  Lancashire Witches, by Heywood and Shadwell, viz., the "Late Lancashire
+  Witches." and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue o'Divelly, the Irish
+  Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XII.</p>
+
+  <p>THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare
+  Tracts, relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed.
+  2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p>
+
+  <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE
+  BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of
+  Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1<i>l.</i>
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p>
+
+  <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH; a
+  Play attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies.
+  Eighty Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21<i>l.</i> A reduction
+  made in favour of permanent libraries on application, it being obvious
+  that the works cannot thence return into the market to the detriment of
+  original subscribers.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, November
+  5. 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 210,
+November 5, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 210, November 5,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 210, November 5, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27007]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{429}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 210.]
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                               Page
+  NOTES:--
+    Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Professor
+      De Morgan                                                 429
+    Dr. Parr on Milton                                          433
+    Parts of MSS., by John Macray                               434
+    William Blake                                               435
+
+    FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare--The
+      Seven Whisperers                                          436
+    Italian-English, German-English, and the Refugee Style,
+      by Philarete Chasles                                      436
+    Shakspeare Correspondence, by Thos. Keightley, &c.          437
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Decomposed Cloth--First and Last
+      --Cucumber Time--MS. Sermons of the Eighteenth
+      Century--Boswell's "Johnson"--Stage Coaches--
+      Antecedents--The Letter X--A Crow-bar                     438
+
+  QUERIES:--
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Grehan--Doxology--
+      Arrow-mark--Gabriel Poyntz--Queen Elizabeth's
+      and Queen Anne's Motto, "Semper eadem"--Bees
+      --Nelly O'Brien and Kitty Fisher--"Homo unius
+      libri"--"Now the fierce bear," &c.--Prejudice
+      against Holy Confirmation--Epigram on MacAdam
+      --Jane Scrimshaw--The Word "Quadrille"--The
+      Hungarians in Paules--Ferns Wanted--Craton the
+      Philosopher--The Solar Annual Eclipse in the Year
+      1263--D'Israeli: how spelt?--Richard Oswald--
+      Cromwell's Descendants--Letter of Archbishop
+      Curwen to Archbishop Parker                               440
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Margaret Patten--
+      Etymology of "Coin"--Inscription at Aylesbury--
+      "Guardian Angels, now protect me," &c.--K. C. B.'s
+      --Danish and Swedish Ballads--Etymology of
+      "Conger"--"Si vis me flere, dolendum est primum
+      tibi"                                                     442
+
+  REPLIES:--
+    Medal and Relic of Mary Queen of Scots, by John
+      Evans, &c.                                                444
+    Early Use of Tin.--Derivation of the Name of Britain        445
+    Pictorial Editions of the Book of Common Prayer             446
+    Yew-Trees in Churchyards, by Fras. Crossley, &c.            447
+    Osborn Family                                               448
+    Inscriptions on Bells, by W. Sparrow Simpson and
+      J. L. Sisson                                              448
+    Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge                             448
+    The Myrtle Bee, by C. Brown                                 450
+    Captain John Davis, by Bolton Corney                        450
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Clouds in Photographs
+      --"The Stereoscope considered in relation to
+      the Philosophy of Binocular Vision"--Muller's
+      Processes--Positives on Glass                             451
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Peculiar Ornament in
+      Crosthwaite Church--Nursery Rhymes--Milton's
+      Widow--Watch-paper Inscriptions--Poetical Tavern
+      Signs--Parish Clerks' Company--"Elijah's Mantle"
+      --Histories of Literature--Birthplace of General
+      Monk--Books chained to Desks in Churches, &c.             452
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+    Notes on Books, &c.                                         455
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                456
+    Notices to Correspondents                                   456
+    Advertisements                                              456
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+LORD HALIFAX AND MRS. CATHERINE BARTON.
+
+Those who have written on the life of Newton have touched with the utmost
+reserve upon the connexion which existed between his half-niece Catherine
+Barton, and his friend Charles Montague, who died Earl of Halifax. They
+seem as if they were afraid that, by going fairly into the matter, they
+should find something they would rather not tell. The consequence is, that
+when a writer at home or abroad, Voltaire or another, hints with a sneer
+that a pretty niece had more to do with Newton's appointment to the Mint
+than the theory of gravitation, those who would like to know as much as can
+be known of the whole truth find nothing in any attainable biography except
+either total silence or a very awkward and hesitating account of half
+something.
+
+On looking again into the matter, the juxtaposition of all the
+circumstances induced in my mind a strong suspicion that Mrs. C. Barton was
+_privately married_ to Lord Halifax, probably before his elevation to the
+peerage, and that the marriage was no very great secret among their
+friends. As yet I can but say that the hypothesis of a private marriage is,
+to me, the most probable of those among which a choice must be made:
+farther information may be obtained by publication of the case in "N. &
+Q.," the most appropriate place of deposit for the provisional result of
+unfinished inquiries.
+
+Charles Montague (born April, 1661, died May 19, 1715) made acquaintance
+with Newton when both were at Trinity College in 1680 and 1681. Newton was
+nineteen years older than Montague, and had been twelve years Lucasian
+professor. At the beginning of their friendship, the Lucasian professor
+must be called the patron of the young undergraduate, who was looking for a
+fellowship with the intention of taking orders, a design which he did not
+find sufficient encouragement to abandon until after he had sat in the
+Convention. By 1690, the rising politician had become the patron of the
+author of the _Principia_, who in that {430} year or the next became an
+aspirant for public employment. The friendship of Newton and Montague
+lasted until the death of the latter, interrupted only by a coolness (on
+Newton's side at least) in 1691, arising out of a suspicion in Newton's
+mind that Montague was not sincere in his intentions towards his friend.
+
+Catherine Barton (born 1680, died 1739) was the daughter of Robert Barton
+and Newton's half-sister, Hannah Smith (Baily's _Flamsteed, Supplement_, p.
+750.). Lieut.-Col. Barton, usually called her husband, was her brother. The
+pedigrees published by Turnor recognise this fact: Swift distinctly states
+it, and Rigaud proves it in various ways in letters to Baily, which lately
+passed through my hands on their way to the Observatory at Greenwich. The
+mistake ought never to have been made, for _Mrs. C. Barton_ (as she was
+usually denominated) must, according to usage, have been reputed single so
+long as her Christian name was introduced.
+
+Mrs. C. Barton married Mr. Conduitt, then or afterwards Newton's assistant,
+and his successor: this marriage probably took place in 1718, the year in
+which Newton introduced Conduitt into the Royal Society. Among the Turnor
+memorials of Newton, now in possession of the Royal Society, is a watch
+leaving the inscription "Mrs. C. Conduitt to Sir Isaac Newton, January,
+1708." This date cannot be correct, for Swift in 1710, Halifax in 1712,
+Flamsteed in 1715, and Monmort in 1716, call her Barton: all but Flamsteed
+were intimate acquaintances. Any one who looks at the inscription will see
+that it is not as old as the watch: it is neither ornamented nor placed in
+a shield or other envelope, while the case is beautifully chased, and has
+an elaborate design, representing Fame and Britannia examining the portrait
+of Newton. Moreover, "Mrs. Conduitt" would never have described herself as
+"Mrs. C. Conduitt."
+
+Montague was not, so far as usual accounts state, what even in our day
+would be called a libertine. He married the Countess of Manchester (the
+widow of a relative) before his entry into public life, and was deeply
+occupied in party politics and fiscal administration. I am told that
+Davenant impugns his morals: this may be the exception which proves the
+rule; some of the lampoons directed against the Whig minister are
+preserved, and these do not attack his private character in the matter
+under allusion, so far as I can learn.
+
+All the cotemporary evidence yet adduced as to the relation between Lord
+Halifax and Catherine Barton, is contained in one sentence in the _Life_ of
+the former, two codicils of his will, and one allusion of Flamsteed's. The
+_Life_, with the will attached, was appended to two different publications
+of the works of Halifax, in 1715 and 1716. The passage from the _Life_ is
+as follows (p. 195.):
+
+    "I am likewise to account for another Omission in the Course of this
+    History, which is that of the Death of the Lord _Halifax's_ Lady; upon
+    whose Decease his Lordship took a Resolution of living single thence
+    forward, and cast his Eye upon the Widow of one Colonel _Barton_, and
+    Neice to the famous Sir _Isaac Newton_, to be Super-intendent of his
+    domestick Affairs. But as this Lady was young, beautiful, and gay, so
+    those that were given to censure, pass'd a Judgment upon her which she
+    no Ways merited, since she was a Woman of strict Honour and Virtue; and
+    tho' she might be agreeable to his Lordship in every Particular, that
+    noble Peer's Complaisance to her, proceeded wholly from the great
+    Esteem he had for her Wit and most exquisite Understanding, as will
+    appear from what relates to her in his Will at the Close of these
+    Memoirs."
+
+This sentence is an insertion (the _first_ omission is as far back as p.
+64.). It speaks of Mrs. C. Barton as if she were dead: and it is worthy of
+note that this lady, who lived to communicate to Fontenelle materials for
+his _eloge_ of Newton, had excellent opportunity, had it pleased her, to
+have contradicted or varied any part of the account given by Halifax's
+biographer; and this without appearing. The actual communication made to
+Fontenelle by her husband, Mr. Conduitt, is in existence, and was printed
+by Mr. Turnor; it contains no allusion to the subject. Farther, it appears
+by the biographer's account that she had passed as a widow, which is not to
+be wondered at: the _Colonel_ Barton who was the son of circumstances, must
+have been created before her brother (who died in 1711) attained such rank,
+perhaps before he entered the army at all.
+
+The will gives very different evidence from that for which it is
+subpoenaed: it is dated April 10, 1706. In the first codicil (dated April
+12, 1706) Lord Halifax leaves Mrs. Barton all his jewels and 3000l. "as a
+small token," he says, "of the great love and affection I have long had for
+her." In a second codicil (dated February 1, 1712) the first codicil is
+revoked, and the bequest is augmented to 5000l., the rangership, lodge, and
+household furniture of Bushey Park, and the manor of Apscourt, for her
+life. These are given, says Lord Halifax, "as a token of the sincere love,
+affection, and esteem, I have long had for her person, and as a small
+recompense for the pleasure and happiness I have had in her conversation."
+In this same codicil "Mrs. Catherine Barton" is described as Newton's
+niece, and 100l. is left to Newton "as a mark of the great honour and
+esteem I have for so great a man." The concluding sentence of the codicil
+is as follows:
+
+    "And I strictly charge and command my executor to give all aid, help,
+    and assistance to her in possessing and enjoying what I have hereby
+    given her; and also {431} in doing any act or acts necessary to
+    transfer her an annuity of two hundred pounds _per annum_, purchased in
+    Sir Isaac Newton's name, which I hold for her in trust, as appears by a
+    declaration of trust in that behalf."
+
+This codicil immediately became the subject of remark, and the terms of it
+seem to have been understood as they would be now. Flamsteed, writing in
+July, 1715 (Halifax died in May), says:
+
+    "If common fame be true, he died worth 150,000l.; out of which he gave
+    Mrs. Barton, Sir I. Newton's niece, for her _excellent conversation_
+    [the Italics are Baily's, the original, I suppose, underlined], a
+    curious house, 5000l. with lands, jewels, plate, money, and household
+    furniture, to the value of 20,000l. or more."
+
+I pay no attention to the statement that (_Biogr. Brit._, Montague, note
+BB.) Lord Halifax was disappointed in a second marriage. It amounts only to
+this, that Lord Shaftsbury, having a certain lady in his heart and in his
+eye, was afraid he had a rival, and described the person talked of in terms
+which make it pretty certain that Halifax was intended. But it by no means
+follows that because a certain person is "talked of" for a lady, and a
+lover put in fear by the rumour, the person is really a rival: and not even
+a biographer would have shown himself so unfit for a novelist as to have
+drawn such a conclusion, unless he had been biassed by the wish to show
+that Halifax was attached to another than Mrs. Barton.
+
+It must of course be supposed that the introduction of Montague to Newton's
+niece was a consequence of his acquaintance with Newton, and took place in
+or near 1696, when Newton came to London, where his niece soon began to
+reside with him. And since, in 1706, the connexion, whatever it was, had
+been of long standing, we may infer that it had probably commenced in 1700.
+The case is then as follows. Montague received into his house, as
+"superintendent of his domestic affairs" after the death of his wife, the
+niece of his old and revered friend Newton, a conspicuous officer of the
+crown, a member of Parliament, and otherwise one of the most famous men
+living. This niece had been partly educated by Newton; she had lived in his
+house; we know of no other protector that she could have had, in London;
+and the supposition that she left any roof except Newton's to take shelter
+under that of Montague, would be purely gratuitous. She was unmarried,
+beautiful, and gay; and probably not so much as, certainly not much more
+then, twenty years old. A handsome annuity was bought for her in Newton's
+name, and held in trust by Halifax: if it had been bought _by Newton_,
+Conduitt would have mentioned it in his list of the benefactions which
+Newton's relatives received from him, especially after the publicity which
+it had obtained from Halifax's will. That she did not tenant the
+housekeeper's room while the friends of Halifax were round his table, may
+be inferred from the epigrams, poor as they are, which were made in her
+honour as a celebrated beauty and wit, in a collection of verses (reprinted
+in Dryden's _Miscellanies_) on the best known toasts of the day. Halifax
+bequeathed her a provision which might have suited his widow, in terms
+which must have been intended to show that she had been either his wife or
+his mistress; while in the same document he brought prominently forward his
+respect for Newton, the fact of her being Newton's niece, and the annuity
+which he had bought for her in Newton's name. An uncontradicted paragraph
+in the life of Halifax, published immediately after the will, and evidently
+not intended to bring forward any fact not perfectly well known, records
+her residence in the house of that nobleman and the consequent rumours
+concerning her character, affirms that she was a virtuous woman, and refers
+to the will to prove it: though the will denies it in the plainest English,
+on any supposition except that of a private marriage. Finally, the lady
+married a respectable man after the death of Lord Halifax, and lived with
+him in the house of her illustrious uncle.
+
+That she was either the wife or the mistress of Halifax, I take to be
+established; it is the natural conclusion from the facts above stated, all
+made public during her life, all left uncontradicted by herself, by her
+husband, by her daughter, by Lord Lymington her son-in-law, and by the
+uncle who had stood to her in the place of a father. It is impossible that
+Newton could have been ignorant that his niece was living in Montague's
+house, enjoyed an annuity bought in his own name, and was regarded by the
+world as the mistress of his friend and political patron. The language of
+the codicil shows that, be the nature of the connexion what it might,
+Halifax meant to tell the world that it might be proclaimed in all its
+relation to the name of Newton. To those who cannot, under all the
+circumstances, believe the connexion to have been what is called platonic,
+the probability that there was a private marriage is precisely the
+probability that Newton would not have sanctioned the dishonour of his own
+niece: and even if the connexion were only that of friendship, Newton must
+have sanctioned the appearance and the forms of a dishonourable intimacy:
+the co-habitation, the settlement, and the defiance of opinion. Now there
+is no reason to suppose of Newton that he would be a party to either
+proceeding, which would not apply as well to any man then alive: to Locke,
+for instance. Looking at the morals of the day, we are by no means
+justified in throwing off at once, with disgust, the bare idea of the
+possibility of a distinguished philosopher consenting to an illicit
+intercourse between his friend and his niece: we are bound, {432} in
+discussing probabilities, to distinguish 1850 from 1700. But, even putting
+out of view the purity of Newton's private life, and of the lives of his
+most intimate friends, there is that in the weaker part of his character
+which is of itself almost conclusive. Right or wrong, Newton never faced
+opinion. As soon as he found that publication involved opposition, from
+that time forward he published only with the utmost reluctance, and under
+the strongest persuasions; except when, as in the case of some of his
+theological writings, he confided the manuscript to a friend, to be
+anonymously published abroad. The _Principia_ was extorted from him by the
+Royal Society; the first publication on fluxions was under the name of
+Wallis; the _Optics_ were delayed until the death of Hooke; the first
+appearance against Leibnitz was anonymous; the second originated in a hint
+from the King. This morbid fear, which is often represented as modesty,
+would have made him, had he acted a part with regard to his niece which he
+could not avow, conduct it with the utmost reserve. The philosopher who
+would have let the theory of gravitation die in silence rather than
+encounter the opposition which a discovery almost always creates, would not
+have allowed his _name_ to be connected with the annuity which was the
+price of his niece's honour, or which carried all the appearance of it,
+even supposing him base enough to have connived at the purchase. And in
+such a case, Halifax would have taken care to respect the secrecy which he
+would have known to have been essential to Newton's comfort: he would not
+have published to the world that his mistress was Newton's niece, and that
+Newton was a party to a settlement upon her. There seems to me, about the
+codicil as it stands, a declaration that the connexion with Newton's niece
+was such as, if people knew all, Newton might have sanctioned. And the
+supposition of a private marriage, generally understood among the friends
+of the parties, seems to me to make all the circumstances take an air of
+likelihood which no other hypothesis will give them: and this is all my
+conclusion.
+
+If there were a marriage, the most probable reason for the concealment was,
+that it was contracted at a time when the birth and station of Mrs. Barton
+would have rendered her production at court as the wife of Montague an
+impediment to his career. He was raised to the peerage in 1700, and as the
+connexion was of long standing in 1706, it may well be supposed that it
+commenced at the time when (in his own opinion at least) his prospects of
+such elevation might have been compromised by a decided misalliance. The
+lower the tone of morals, the greater the ridicule which attaches to
+unequal _marriages_. Montague, though of noble family, was the younger son
+of a younger son, and not rich: it was common among the Tories to sneer at
+him as a _parvenu_. He had made his first appearance in the great world as
+the husband of a countess-dowager, and it may be that the _parvenu_ was
+weak enough to shrink from producing, as his second wife, a woman of very
+much lower rank, the granddaughter of a country clergyman, and the daughter
+of a man of no pretension to station. That Mr. Macaulay has not underrated
+the position of the country clergy, is known to all who have dipped into
+the writings of the seventeenth century. It is not, however, necessary to
+explain why the supposed marriage should have been private. As the world is
+constituted, no rules of inference can be laid down in reference to the
+irregular relations of the sexes.
+
+With reference to the insinuation that Newton owed his official position
+rather to his niece than to his ability, it can be completely shown that,
+on the worst possible supposition, the office in the Mint could have had
+nothing to do with Mrs. C. Barton. Newton was appointed to the lower office
+(the _Wardenship_) in March, 1695-96, when the young lady was not sixteen
+years old, and before she could have been a resident under her uncle's
+roof. The state of the coinage had caused much uneasiness; it was one of
+the difficulties, and its restoration was one of the successes, of the day.
+The best scientific advice was taken: Locke, Newton, and Halley were
+consulted, and all were placed in office nearly at the same time; Newton in
+the London Mint, Halley in the Chester Mint, Locke in the Council of Trade.
+Neither Locke nor Halley had any nieces. Before Newton's appointment there
+was some negociation of a public character: the Wardenship was not vacant,
+and the government seems to have tried to induce Newton to take something
+subordinate. March 14, Newton wrote to Halley, in reference to a current
+rumour,--"I neither put in for any place in the Mint, nor would meddle with
+Mr. Hoar's [the comptroller's] place, were it offered me." On the 19th,
+Montague informs Newton that he is to have the _Wardenship_, vacant by the
+removal of Mr. Overton to the Customs. Four years afterwards, when the
+great operation on the coinage, by many declared impracticable, had
+completely succeeded, Newton, a principal adviser and the principal
+administrator, obtained the Mastership in the course of promotion. Montague
+was raised to the peerage in the following year, and mainly, as the patent
+states, for the same service. So that, though Montague was the patron as to
+the Wardenship, yet scientific assistance was then so sorely needed, that
+no hypothesis relative to any niece would be necessary to explain the
+phenomenon of Newton's appointment: while, as to the Mastership it may
+almost be said that Montague was more indebted to Newton for his peerage,
+than Newton to Montague for that promotion which any minister must, under
+the circumstances, have granted. {433}
+
+In no account of Newton that I ever read is it stated that Mrs. Barton was
+an intimate friend of Swift, probably through Halifax. Having been told
+that there is frequent mention of her in Swift's _Journal to Stella_, I
+examined that series and the rest of the correspondence, in which her name
+occurs about twenty times. One letter from herself, under the name of
+Conduitt (November 29, 1733), is indorsed by the Dean, "My old friend Mrs.
+Barton, now Mrs. Conduitt," and establishes the identity of Swift's friend
+with Newton's niece: otherwise, it proves nothing here. The other points to
+be noticed are as follows.
+
+1710, September 28, November 30, March 7; 1711, April 3, July 18, October
+14 and 25, Swift visited or dined with Mrs. Barton at her _lodgings_. He
+was also at this time on good terms with Halifax, and dined with him
+November 28, 1710, and with Mrs. Barton on November 30. According to the
+idiom of the day, _lodgings_ was a name for every kind of residence, and
+even for the apartments of a guest in the house of his host. For anything
+to the contrary in the mere word, the lodgings might have been in the house
+of Lord Halifax, or of Newton himself. But, on the other hand, the future
+Dean, much as he writes to Stella of every kind of small talk, never
+mentions Halifax and Mrs. Barton together, never makes the slightest
+allusion to either in connexion with the other, though in one and the same
+letter he minutes his having dined with Halifax on the 28th, and with Mrs.
+Barton on the 30th. There must have been intentional suppression in this.
+All the world knew that there was some _liaison_ between the two; yet when
+Swift (1711, Nov. 20) records his having been "teased with whiggish
+discourse" by Mrs. Barton, he does not even drop a sarcasm about her
+politics having been learnt from Halifax. This is the more remarkable as
+the two seem to have been almost the only persons who are mentioned as
+talking whiggery to him. To this list, however, may be added Lady Betty
+Germain, well known to the readers of Swift's poetry, who joined Mrs.
+Barton in inflicting the vexation, and at whose house the conversation took
+place. It thus appears that Mrs. Barton was received in a manner which
+shows that she was regarded as a respectable woman. The suppression on the
+part of Swift may indicate respect for his two friends (that he highly
+respected Mrs. Barton appears clear), and observance of a convention
+established in their circle. But perhaps it is rather to be attributed to
+his own position with respect to Stella, which was certainly peculiar,
+though no one can say what their understanding was at the date of the
+journal. This journal came again into Swift's hands before it was
+published; so that we can only treat it as containing what he finally chose
+to preserve. Allusions may have been struck out.
+
+There is another point which our modern manners will not allow to be very
+closely handled in print, but on which I am disposed to lay some stress. On
+September 28, 1710, and April 3, 1711, Swift visited Mrs. Barton at her
+lodgings. On each of these occasions she regaled him with a good story,
+which there is no need to repeat: there is no harm in either, and they are
+far from being the most singular communications which he made to Stella;
+but they go beyond what, even in that day, will be considered as the
+probable conversation of a maiden lady of thirty-one, with a bachelor man
+of the world of forty-three. But they by no means exceed what we know to be
+the license then taken by married women; and Swift's tone with respect to
+the stories, combined with his obvious respect for Mrs. Barton, may make
+any one lean to the supposition that he believed himself to be talking to a
+married woman.
+
+The reserve of Swift puts us quite at fault as to the locality of Mrs.
+Barton's _lodgings_. They may have been in Lord Halifax's house; but if
+not, it requires some supposition to explain why they were not in that of
+Newton, with whom she had lived, and with whom she certainly lived after
+the death of Halifax. Perhaps, when farther research is made in such
+directions as may be indicated by the only unreserved statement of the
+existing case which has ever been printed, the conclusion I arrive at, as
+to me the _most probable_, may either be reinforced, or another substituted
+for it. Be this as it may, such points as I have discussed, relating to
+such men as Newton, will not remain in abeyance for ever, let biographers
+be as timid as they will.
+
+A. DE MORGAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. PARR ON MILTON.
+
+Amongst my autographs I find the inclosed letter frown Dr. Parr. It is
+written upon a half-sheet of paper, and in a very cramp and illegible hand.
+To whom it is addressed, or when written, I am unable to say. As it relates
+to the opinions held by Milton, perhaps you may think it worth insertion in
+your work, particularly as Milton has been the subject of some papers in
+"N. & Q." lately.
+
+W. M. F.
+
+_Copy of Letter from Dr. Parr, without date or address._
+
+    Dear Sir,
+
+    I send you Johnson's _Life of Milton_. My former feelings again return
+    upon me, that Johnson did not mean to affirm that Milton prayed not
+    upon any occasion or in any manner; but that he was engaged in no
+    visible worship; that he prayed at no stated time; that he had not what
+    we may call any regular return of family or private devotion. Pray read
+    the sequel. That he lived without prayer can hardly be affirmed, this
+    {434} surely is decided in my favour: it may wear the appearance of
+    contradiction to the former passage, that omitting public prayer he
+    omitted all; in truth, the expression just quoted is too peremptory and
+    too general. But the sense of Johnson cannot be mistaken, if you attend
+    to the different views he had in each sentence; and I repeat my former
+    assertion, that Johnson did not think Milton destitute of a devout
+    spirit, or totally negligent of prayer in some form or other.
+
+    Yours, very truly and respectfully,
+    J. PARR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARTS OF MSS.
+
+As an instance of the unfortunate dispersion of the parts of valuable MSS.
+through different countries, occasioned probably, in the case now to be
+mentioned, by public convulsions and the wild fury of revolutionary mobs in
+France, will you afford me space to quote an interesting description of a
+MS. from the catalogue of a library to be sold at Paris in December next?
+The MSS. and printed books in this library belonged to the eminent
+bookseller J. J. De Bure, whose ancestor was the distinguished and
+well-known bibliographer Guillaume de Bure. The publicity given to
+descriptions like the present through the medium of "N. & Q." may
+ultimately lead, on some occasions, to the scattered volumes being brought
+together again, either by way of purchase, or in exchange for other works.
+
+JOHN MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+    _"Catalogue des Livres rares et precieux, manuscrits et imprimes, de la
+    Bibliotheque de feu M. J. J. De Bure, ancien libraire du Roi et de la
+    Bibliotheque Royale, etc._
+
+    "No. 1395. Le Second Livre des Commentaires de la Guerre Galleque, par
+    Caius Julius Caesar, traduict en francois. In-8, mar. noir, avec des
+    fermoirs en argent.
+
+    "Manuscrit sur velin.
+
+    "L'ouvrage ne porte pas de titre; on lit seulement sur le plat du
+    volume, Tomus Secundus, et au verso du 21 feuillet; c'y commence le
+    Second livre des Commentaires de la Guerre Galleque.
+
+    "Ce manuscrit a ete fait pour Francois I^{er}; le chiffre de ce Prince
+    se trouve au premier feuillet. Le Vol. se compose de 94 feuillets de
+    texte, et de 4 feuillets de table. L'Ecriture est tres-belle, et parait
+    etre de l'un des meilleurs calligraphes de l'epoque de Francois I^{er};
+    beaucoup de mots sont en or et en azur.
+
+    "On remarque 22 miniatures, 15 medaillons d'Empereurs et d'autres
+    personnages Romains, 12 figures d'engins ou machines de guerre, et 2
+    fleurons; en tout 58 peintures.
+
+    "Ce n'est point, a proprement parler, une traduction des Commentaires.
+    L'auteur suppose, dans le preambule de cette partie de l'ouvrage, que
+    Francis I^{er} au _Commencement du Moys d'Auguste, l'an 1519, allant
+    courir le cerf en la fourest de Byevre, y fait la rencontre de Cesar_.
+
+    "De la, il etablit un dialogue entre les deux personnages. Francois
+    I^{er} s'enquiert des circonstances de la guerre des Gaules, et Cesar
+    lui en donne les details tels qu'ils out ete ecrits par lui-meme.
+
+    "On ne presente malheureusement ici qu'un Tome ii. Le Tome i. est au
+    Musee Britannique: on le trouve indique sous le No. 6205. dans le
+    _Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum_, London, 1808,
+    Tome iii. in folio. Ce Tome i. est decrit dans l'ouvrage de M. Waagen,
+    _Kunstwerke and Kuenstler in England und Paris_, Berlin, 1837, Tome i.
+    p. 148.
+
+    "Le Tome iii. etait a vendre dans ces dernieres annees, au prix de 3000
+    francs, chez M. Techener (_Bulletin du Bibliophile_, annee 1850, No.
+    1222. et p. 910.); nous ne savons ou il est actuellement.
+
+    "Notre volume est le plus precieux des trois. Il l'emporte sur les deux
+    autres par le nombre des peintures (le Tome i. n'en a que 14, et le
+    Tome iii. seulement 12) et par l'interet qu'offrent ces peintures
+    elles-memes.
+
+    "La premiere, charmante miniature en camaieu gris et or, represente
+    Francois I^{er} a cheval, courant le cerf; la derniere montre la prise
+    du cerf.
+
+    "Parmi les autres sujets, egalement traites en grisaille, on remarque
+    plusieurs batailles entre les Romains et les Gaulois, rendues dans
+    leurs divers details avec une finesse admirable d'execution. Mais ce
+    qui, par-dessus tout, donne un prix infini a ce manuscrit, ce sont sept
+    portraits, en medaillons, qui reproduisent les traits de quelques
+    hommes de guerre du temps de Francois I^{er}. Ils sont peints avec une
+    verite et une delicatesse vraiment merveilleuses; des noms Romains, qui
+    figurent dans les Commentaries de Cesar, sont ecrits a cote des
+    portraits; les noms veritables ont ete tracees au-dessous, mais un peu
+    plus tard, et par une main differente. Voici ces noms:--
+
+    "1^o. _Quintus Pedius_, le grand-maistre de Boisy, age de 41 ans; 2^o.
+    _le Fiable Divitiacus d'Autun_, l'Amiral de Boisy, Seigneur de Bonivet,
+    age de 34 ans; 3^o. _Quintus Titurius Sabinus_, Odet de Fones (Foix),
+    Sieur de Lautrec, age de 41 ans; 4^o. _Iccius_, le Mareschal de
+    Chabanes, Seigneur de la Palice, age de 57 ans; 5^o. _Lucius
+    Arunculeius Cotta_, Anne de Montmorency, age de 22 ans, et depuis
+    Connestable de France; 6^o. _Publ. Sextius Baculus_, le Mareschal de
+    Fleuranges, Seigneur de la Marche (Mark), premier Seigneur de Sedan,
+    age de 24 ans; 7^o. _Publius Crassus_, le Sieur de Tournon, qui fust
+    tue a la bataille de Pavie, age de 36 ans.
+
+    "La plupart des miniatures du volume sont signees G., 1519. La
+    perfection qui les distingue les avait d'abord fait attribuer au
+    celebre miniaturiste _Guilo Clovio_; maintenant on croit pouvoir
+    affirmer qu'elles appartiennent a un peintre nomme Godefroy. Il se
+    trouve a la bibliotheque de l'Arsenal une traduction francaise des
+    Triomphes de Petrarque, avec des miniatures qui sont incontestablement
+    de la meme main et de la meme epoque. Or, l'une de ces miniatures est
+    signee _Godefroy_.
+
+    "On peut voir le rapprochement que fait entre les deux manuscrits M.
+    Waagen, dans l'ouvrage cite ci-dessus, Tome iii. p. 395. Il ne saurait,
+    du reste, y avoir aucun doute sur le nom de l'artiste, lorsqu'on lit
+    dans le _Bulletin du Bibliophile_ (pages deja citees) que {435}
+    plusieurs des miniatures du Tome iii. sont signees _Godofredi
+    pictoris_, 1520.
+
+    "Ce precieux manuscrit ne sera pas vendu; il a ete legue par M. de Bure
+    au departement des Manuscrits de la Bibliotheque Imperiale."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM BLAKE.
+
+(_Continued from_ p. 71.)
+
+I venture to send you another Note regarding William Blake, claiming for
+that humble individual the honour of being the pioneer in the establishment
+of charity-schools in Britain, from which department of our social system
+who can calculate the benefits accrued, and constantly accruing, to this
+country!
+
+We look in vain through the _Silver Drops_ of William Blake for any record
+of an existing institution, such as he would have his "noble ladies" rear
+at Highgate. Among the many incentives he uses to prompt the charitable, we
+do not find him holding up for their example any model (unless it be "Old
+Sutton's brave hospital"); in all his amusing "Charity-school Sticks," his
+tone is that of a man trying to persuade people that the thing he proposes
+is feasible. "Some of them," says the sanguine Blake, "have scarce faith
+enough to believe in the success of this great and good design. Nay, your
+brother Cornish himself," continues he, in addressing one of his ladies,
+although full of good works, "would have persuaded me to lay it down" upon
+the ground of its impracticability. The language of Blake is everywhere
+advocating this "_new_ way of charity." "If it be _new_," says he to an
+objector, "the more's the pity;" and, with reference to the possibility of
+failure, he would thus shame them into liberality. Speaking of his "fine,
+handsome, and well cloathed boys; not too fine, because they are the
+ladies'!" our enthusiast adds to this _soft sawdur_:
+
+    "But now, if a year or two hence they should be grown, which God
+    forbid! poor ragged, half-starved, and no cloaths, country folks would
+    say, who ride or go that way, Were there not good ladies enough in and
+    about London to maintain _one_ little school?"
+
+Here then is _prima facie_ evidence, I think, that my subject, poor crazy
+William Blake, was the originator of one of the greatest social
+improvements of modern times.
+
+The charity-school movement had obtained a strong hold upon the public mind
+early in the past century; but although I have sought for the name of Blake
+through many books professing to give an account of the early history of
+such institutions, I have not yet met with the slightest allusion to him,
+his school, or his _Silver Drops_.
+
+The superficial inquirer into the history of English charity-schools will
+be told that the honour of the first erecting such, and caring for
+destitute children, is popularly considered due to the parishes of St.
+Botulph, Aldgate, and St. Margaret's, Westminster: and if he would farther
+satisfy himself upon that point, he will see it claimed by the first named;
+a slab in front of their schools, adjoining the Royal Mint, bearing an
+inscription to the purport that it was the first Protestant charity-school,
+erected by voluntary contributions in 1693.
+
+If it comes to the earliest London school for poor children, perhaps the
+Catholics take the lead; for we find that it was part of the tactics of the
+Jesuits, in the reign of James II., to promote their design of subverting
+the Protestant religion by infusing their Romish tenets into the minds of
+the children of the poor by providing schools for them in the Savoy and
+Westminster.
+
+Blake says, with reference to this movement:
+
+    "That the scheme he was engaged upon was a good work, because it will
+    in some measure stop the mouths of Papists, who are prone to say, Where
+    are your works, and how few are your hospitals, and how small is your
+    charity, notwithstanding your great preaching?"
+
+A remarkable little book, and a very fit companion for the _Silver Drops_
+of William Blake, to which it bears a striking similarity, is the _Pietas
+Hallensis_ of Dr. Franck. In this, the German divine relates, in a style
+which bears more than an accidental resemblance to the work of the Covent
+Garden Philanthropist, how, little by little, by importunity and
+perseverance, he nursed his own charitable plans, of a like kind, into full
+life and vigour; and both Drs. Woodward and Kennett endorse and command the
+"miraculous footsteps of Divine Providence" in the labours of Dr. Franck.
+"Could we," says Dr. Kennett, "trace the obscurer footsteps of our own
+charity-schools, the finger of God would be as evidently in them." Why the
+Bishop of Peterborough should be ignorant of these earlier efforts to the
+same end in his own country, is somewhat marvellous. Franck began his
+charitable work at Glaucha in 1698; while Blake was labouring to establish
+his Highgate School in 1685. That Franck should know nothing about our
+pioneer in charitable education, is probable enough; but that the English
+divines I have mentioned, with Wodrow, Gillies, and a host of others,
+should be unaware that the proceedings at Halle were only the counterpart
+of those done fourteen years before by Blake in their own land, is
+certainly surprising, and affords another proof of the proneness of Britons
+to extol everything foreign to the neglect of what is native and at their
+own doors.
+
+Perhaps some of your readers will think I over-estimate the importance of
+the question, whether the charity-school movement is of British or foreign
+growth; or whether the honour of its application to the poor (for all
+_charity_-schools are not for such) belongs to my subject William Blake, or
+{436} some other philanthropic individual; if such there be, let them
+repair to our Metropolitan Cathedral on the day of the annual assemblage of
+the London charity children: and if, on contemplating the spectacle which
+will there meet their eye, they do not think it an object of interest to
+discover who, as Dr. Kennett says, "first cast in the _salt_ at the
+fountain-head to heal the _waters_, and broke the ground that was before
+barren," I pity them.
+
+In concocting this Note, I have had before me the following:
+
+1. Lysons's _Environs of London_, 1795, where will be found a short notice
+of Blake. The author, following Gough, makes my subject a madman, and says
+his scheme "failed after laying out 5000l. upon it."
+
+2. _Sermon preached for Charity-schools_, by Dr. Kennett, 1706.
+
+3. _Sermons of Dr. Smalridge and T. Yulden_, 1710 and 1728. These divines
+give the precedence to Westminster School, "erected 1688."
+
+4. _Wodrow's Letters_, edited by Dr. McCrie, 3 vols., Edin. 1843.
+
+5. _Pietas Hallensis_: or an Abstract of the Marvellous Footsteps of Divine
+Providence, in the building of a very large Hospital, or rather a Spacious
+College, for Charitable and Excellent Uses; and in the maintaining of many
+Orphans, and other Poor People therein at Glaucha, near Halle in Prussia,
+related by the Rev. A. H. Franck, 3 parts, 12mo., London, 1707-16. Let the
+curious reader compare this with Blake's book.
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Legends of the County Clare._--About nine miles westward from the town of
+Ennis, in the midst of some of the wildest scenery in Ireland, lies the
+small but very beautiful Lake of Inchiquin, famous throughout the
+neighbouring country for its red trout, and for being in winter the haunt
+of almost all the various kinds of waterfowl, including the wild swan, that
+are to be found in Ireland, while the woods that border one of its sides
+are amply stocked with woodcocks. At one extremity of the lake are the
+ruins of the Castle of Inchiquin, part of which is built on a rock
+projecting into the lake, there about one hundred feet deep, and this
+legend is related of the old castle:--Once upon a time, the chieftain of
+the Quins, whose stronghold it was, found in one of the caves (many of
+which are in the limestone hills that surround the lake) a lady of great
+beauty, fast asleep. While gazing on her in rapt admiration she awoke, and,
+according to the customs of the Heroic Age, soon consented to become his
+bride, merely stipulating that no one bearing the name of O'Brien should be
+allowed to enter the castle gate: this being agreed to, the wedding was
+celebrated with all due pomp, and in process of time one lovely boy blessed
+their union. Among the other rejoicings at the birth of an heir to the
+chief of the clan, a grand hunting-match took place, and the chase having
+terminated near the castle, the chieftain, as in duty bound, requested the
+assembled nobles to partake of his hospitality. To this a ready assent was
+given, and the chiefs were ushered into the great hall with all becoming
+state; and then for the first time did their host discover that one bearing
+the forbidden name was among them The banquet was served, and now the
+absence of the lady of the castle alone delayed the onslaught on the good
+things spread before them. Surprised and half afraid at her absence, her
+husband sought her chamber: on entering, he saw her sitting pensively with
+her child at the window which overlooked the lake; raising her head as he
+approached, he saw she was weeping, and as he advanced towards her with
+words of apology for having broken his promise, she sprang through the
+window with her child into the lake. The wretched man rushed forward with a
+cry of horror: for one moment he saw her gliding over the waters, now
+fearfully disturbed, chanting a wild dirge, and then, with a mingled look
+of grief and reproach, she disappeared for ever! And the castle and the
+lordship, with many a broad acre besides, passed from the Quins, and are
+now the property of the O'Briens to this day; and while the rest of the
+castle is little better than a heap of ruins, the fatal window still
+remains nearly as perfect as when the lady sprang through it, an
+irrefragable proof of the truth of the legend in the eyes of the peasantry.
+
+FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
+
+_The Seven Whisperers._--I have been informed by an old and trustworthy
+servant that about twenty years ago, as he was walking one clear starlight
+night with two other persons, they heard, for the space of several minutes,
+high up in the air, beautiful sounds like music, which gradually died away
+towards the north. He spoke of it as an occurrence not very uncommon, and
+said it was always called "The Seven Whisperers." On inquiry I found the
+name well known amongst the poorer classes.
+
+Is it not an electrical phenomenon?
+
+METAOUO.
+
+Essex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ITALIAN-ENGLISH, GERMAN-ENGLISH, AND THE REFUGEE STYLE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 149.)
+
+Every one has admired the odd bits of Italian-English which "N. & Q."
+lately published, a true {437} philological curiosity. Such queer medleys
+have been the result whenever two opposite idioms have been thrown together
+and unskilfully stirred up. Very few foreigners indeed, Sclavonic nations
+being excepted, and particularly the Russians, write French tolerably well.
+The present Lord Mahon and Lady Montaigne, in an excellent _Essay on
+Marriage_, are exceptions to the rule. Voltaire used to say,--
+
+ "Faites tous vos vers a Paris;
+  Et n'allez pas en Allemagne!"
+
+And very right he was. His kingly disciple committed more than once such
+Irish rhymes as these:
+
+ "Je vais cueillir dans leurs sentiers (des Muses)
+  De fraiches et charmantes roses;
+  Et je dedaigne les lauriers,
+  En exceptant les lauriers _sauces_."
+
+Forgetting the difference of pronunciation between the soft _s_ of _rose
+(roze)_ and the lisping sound of the _c_ in _sauce (soss)_. As I have not
+by me the ponderous and voluminous works of the poetical monarch, I may
+have altered some of the words of the quotation; but the rhymes _sauce_ and
+_rose_ I aver to be true to the primitive copy. Even Protestant refugees,
+born of French parents, brought up amongst their co-religionists and
+countrymen, wrote a strange gibberish, often ungrammatical, always
+unidiomatic, of which traces may be found even in Basnage and Ancillon. A
+recent French theologian, the clever author of a Life of Spinosa, written
+in Germany and published in Paris with some success, has such expressions
+as these:
+
+    "Les villes protestantes preferent la liberte avec Calvin QUE la
+    tyrannique concorde avec Luther."--_Hist. Crit. du Rationalisme_, p.
+    49.
+
+    "Et ailleuz: Stuttgard Dontil etait conservateur DE LA
+    Bibliotheque."-_Ib_.
+
+And M. Amand Saintes is a Frenchman, and a most erudite man. The Celebrated
+Frau Bettina von Arnim, who dared to translate into English and to print in
+Berlin (apud Trowitzsch and Son, 1838), under the new title of _Diary of a
+Child_, her own untranslateable letters to Goethe, had at least the very
+good excuse of her nationality for her peculiar English, the choicest,
+funniest, maddest, and saddest English ever penned on this planet or in any
+other, and of which I hope "N. & Q." will accept some small specimens,
+taken at random among thousands such. To begin with the opening address:
+
+    "_To the English Bards_.
+
+    "Gentlemen!--The noble cup of your mellifluous tongue so often brimmed
+    with immortality, here filled with odd but pure and fiery draught, do
+    not refuse to taste if you relish its spirit to be homefelt, though not
+    home-born."
+
+    "BETTINA ARNIM."
+
+We will next pass to the "Preamble":
+
+    "The translating of Goethe's Correspondence with a Child into English
+    was generally disapproved of. Previous to its publication in Germany,
+    the well-renowned Mrs. Austin, by regard for the great German poet,
+    proposed to translate it; but after having perused it with attention,
+    the literate and the most famed bookseller of London thought
+    unadvisable the publication of a book that in every way widely differed
+    from the spirit and feelings of the English, and therefore it could not
+    be depended upon for exciting their interest. Mrs. Austin, by her
+    gracious mind to comply with my wishes, proposed to publish some
+    fragments of it, but as no musician ever likes to have only those
+    passages of his composition executed that blandish the ear, I likewise
+    refused my assent to the maiming of a work, that not by my own merit,
+    but by chance and nature became a work of art, that only in the
+    untouched development of its genius might judiciously be enjoyed and
+    appraised."
+
+Our next and last is taken from p. 133.:
+
+    "From those venturesome and spirit-night-wanderings I came home with
+    garments wet with melted snow; they believed I had been in the garden.
+    When night I forgot all; on the next evening at the same time it came
+    back to my mind, and the fear too I had suffered; I could not conceive,
+    how I had ventured to walk alone on that desolate road in the night,
+    and to stay on such a waste dreadful spot; I stood leaning at the court
+    gate; to-day it was not so mild and still as yesterday; the gales rose
+    high and roared along; they sighed up at my feet and hastened on yonder
+    side, the fluttering poplars in the garden bowed and flung off their
+    snow-burden, the clouds drove away in a great hurry, what rooted fast
+    wavered yonder, and what could ever be loosened, was swept away by the
+    hastening breezes." (!!!).
+
+P. S.--Excuse my French-English.
+
+PHILARETE CHASLES, Mazarianaeus
+
+Paris, Palais de l'Institut.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Meaning of "Delighted" in some Places of Shakspeare._--I am sorry to be
+obliged to differ so often in opinion with H. C. K., but as we are both, I
+trust, solely actuated by the love of truth, he no doubt will excuse me. My
+difference now with him is about "_delighted_ spirit," by which he
+understands the "tender _delicate_ spirit," while I take it to be the
+"_delectable_" or "_delightful_ spirit." As I think this is founded on the
+Latin, I beg permission to quote the following portion of my note on Jug.
+ii. 3. in my edition of Sallust:
+
+    "_Incorruptus_, [Greek: aphthartos] , _i. e._ incapable of dissolution,
+    the _incorruptibilis_ of the Fathers of the Church. In imitation
+    probably of the Greek verbal adjective in [Greek: tos], as [Greek:
+    hairetos], [Greek: streptos], etc., the Latins, especially Sallust,
+    sometimes used the past part. as equivalent to an adj. in _bilis_:
+    comp. xliii, 5.; lxxvi. 1.; xci. 7.; Cat. I. 4.,
+
+    {438}
+
+     'Non _exorato_ stant adamante viae;' Propert. IV. 11. 4.,
+     'Mare scopulis _inaccessum_;' Plin. _Nat. Hist._, XII. 14.
+
+    It is in this sense that _flexus_ is to be understood in Virg. _AEn._,
+    v. 500."
+
+The same employment of the past part. is frequent in our old English
+writers, and I rather think that they adopted it from the Latin. The
+earliest instance which I find in my notes is from Golding, who renders the
+_tonitrus et inevitabile fulmen_ of Ovid (_Met._ III. 301.):
+
+ "With dry and dreadful thunderclaps and lightning to the same,
+  Of deadly and _unavoided_ dint."
+
+In Milton I have noticed the following participles used in this sense:
+_unmoved_, _abhorred_, _unnumbered_, _unapproached_, _dismayed_,
+_unreproved_, _unremoved_, _unsucceeded_, _preferred_. But as Milton was
+addicted to Latinising, I will give some examples from Shakspeare himself:
+
+ "Now thou art come unto a feast of death
+  A terrible and _unavoided_ danger."--_1 Hen. VI._, Act IV. Sc. 5.
+
+ "We see the very wreck that we must suffer,
+  And _unavoided_ the danger now,
+  For suffering so the causes of our wreck."--_Rich. II._, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+ "All _unavoided_ is the doom of destiny."--_Rich. III._, Act IV. Sc. 4.
+
+ "Inestimable stones, _unvalued_ jewels."--_Ib._, Act I. Sc. 4.
+
+ "Tell them that when my mother went with child
+  Of that _insatiate_ Edward."--_Ib._, Act III. Sc. 5.
+
+ "I am not glad that such a sore of time
+  Should seek a plaster by _contemned_ revolt."--_King John_, Act V. Sc 2.
+
+                 "The murmuring surge
+  That on the _unnumber'd_ idle pebbles chafes."--_Lear_, Act IV. Sc. 6.
+
+ "O, _undistinguished_ space of woman's will."--_Ib._
+
+I could give instances from Spenser and even from Pope, but shall only
+observe that when we say "an _undoubted_ fact" we mean an _indubitable_
+one.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+P.S.--I am not disposed to quarrel with H. C. K.'s derivation of _awkward_
+(Vol. viii., p. 310.), but I must observe that the more exact correlative
+of _toward_ seems to be _wayward_. The Anglo-Saxons appear to have
+pronounced their [gh] as _g_; but after the Conquest it was pronounced hard
+in some cases, and so _wayward_ and _awkward_ may have the same origin.
+
+_Shakspeare Portrait._--Can any of your correspondents state whether the
+sign of Shakspeare, said to have been painted at a cost of 150l., and which
+in 1764 graced a tavern then in Drury Lane, called "The Shakspeare," and in
+that year was taken down and removed into the country, and used for a
+similar purpose, still exists, add where? and is the artist who painted
+such known?
+
+CHARLECOTT.
+
+_"Taming of the Shrew."_--I cannot help thinking that Christopher Sly
+merely means that he is fourteenpence on the score for _sheer_
+ale,--nothing but ale; neither bread nor meat, horse housing, or bed.
+
+He has _drunk_ the entire amount, and glories in his iniquity, like a true
+tippler.
+
+G. H. K.
+
+_Lord Bacon and Shakspeare._--Can any of those correspondents of "N. & Q."
+who have devoted attention to the lives of two of England's greatest
+worthies, Francis Bacon and William Shakspeare, account for the
+extraordinary fact that, although these two highly gifted men were
+cotemporaries, no mention of or allusion to the other is to be found in the
+writings of either? Bacon was born in 1561, and died in 1626; Shakspeare,
+who was born in 1563, and died ten years before the great chancellor, not
+only loved
+
+    "To suck the sweets of sweet philosophy,"
+
+but breathes throughout every page of his wondrous writings a spirit of
+philosophy as profound as his imagination is unlimited; yet nowhere, it is
+believed, can he be traced as making the slight allusion to the great
+father of modern philosophy. Bacon, on the other hand, whom one can
+scarcely suppose to have been ignorant of the writings of the dramatist,
+but who indeed may rather be believed to have known him personally, seems
+altogether to ignore his existence, or the existence of any of his
+matchless works. As the solution of this problem could not but throw much
+light on that most interesting subject,--the history of the minds of
+Shakespeare and Bacon,--I venture to throw it out as a fit subject for the
+research of some of your contributors versed in the writings of these great
+spirits of their own age, no less than of all time.
+
+THETA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Decomposed Cloth._--In Mr. Wright's valuable work on _The Celt, the Roman,
+and the Saxon_, p. 308., is mentioned the discovery at York of a Roman
+coffin, in which were distinctly visible "the colour, a rich purple," as
+well as texture of the cloth with which the body it had contained had been
+covered.
+
+I should think that the colour observed was not that of the ancient dye,
+but rather was caused by phosphate of iron, formed by the combination of
+iron contained in the soil or water, with phosphoric acid, arising from the
+decomposition of animal matter. It may often be observed in similar cases,
+as about animal remains found in bogs, and about ancient leather articles
+found in {439} excavations, especially when any iron is in contact with
+them, or in the soles of shoes or sandals studded with nails.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_First and Last._--There cannot be two words more different in meaning than
+these, and yet they are both used to express the same sense! Of two authors
+equally eminent, one shall write that a thing is of the _first_ and the
+other of the _last_ importance, though each means the _greatest_ or
+_utmost_. How is this? To me _first_ appears preferable, though _last_ may
+be justifiable. Being on the subject of words, I am reminded of
+_obnoxious_, which is applied in the strangest ways by different authors.
+It is true that the Roman writers used _obnoxius_ in various senses; but it
+does not seem so pliable or smooth in English. Generally it is held to
+indicate _disagreeable_ or _inimical_, though our dictionaries do not admit
+it to have either of those meanings!
+
+A. B. C.
+
+_Cucumber Time._--This term, which the working-tailors of England use to
+denote that which their masters call "the flat season," has been imported
+from a country which periodically sends many hundreds of its tailors to
+seek employment in our metropolis. The German phrase is "Die saure Gurken
+Zeit," or pickled gherkin time. A misunderstanding of the meaning of the
+phrase may have given rise to the vulgar witticism, that tailors are
+vegetarians, who "live on cucumber" while at play, and on "cabbage" while
+at work.
+
+N. W. S.
+
+_MS. Sermons of the Eighteenth Century._--Having lately become possessed,
+at the sale of an an old library, of some MS. Sermons by the Rev. J.
+Harris, Rector of Abbotsbury, Dorset, from the year 1741 to 1763, I shall
+be happy to place them in the hands of any descendant of that gentleman.
+
+W. EWART.
+
+Pimperne, Dorset.
+
+_Boswell's "Johnson."_--In vol. v. p. 272. of _my_ favourite edition, and
+p. 784. of the edition in one volume, Johnson, writing to Brocklesby, under
+date Sept. 2, 1784, calls Windham "inter stellas Luna minores." Boswell, in
+a note, says, "It is remarkable that so good a Latin scholar as Johnson
+should have been so inattentive to the metre, as by mistake to have written
+_stellas_ instead of _ignes_." Now, with all due deference, a Captain of
+Native Infantry ventures to suggest that both _stellas_ and _ignes_ are
+wrong, and that Johnson was thinking of the noble opening of Horace's 15th
+Epode:
+
+ "Nox erat, et coelo fulgebat _Luna_ sereno,
+    _Inter minora_ sidera."
+
+F. C.
+
+Bangalore.
+
+_Stage Coaches._--It occurs to me as highly desirable that, before the
+recollection of the old stage coach has faded from the memory of all but
+the oldest inhabitant, an authentic statement should be placed on record of
+the length of the stages, and the speed that was obtained, by this mode of
+conveyance, in which England was for so many years without a rival.
+
+The speed of mail coaches is, I believe chronicled in the British Almanac
+of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge; but their speed, if I
+mistake not, was surpassed by that of the "Rival," which travelled (from
+Monmouth, I think) to London after the opening of the Great Western
+Railway.
+
+Could any of your correspondents favour us with the time-bill of that
+coach, detailing the length of the several stages, and the time of
+performance? It would also be interesting to chronicle the period during
+which this rivalry with the railway was maintained.
+
+GEO. E. FRERE.
+
+_Antecedents._--The word "antecedents," as a plural, and in the sense
+attached to it by the French, is not to be found in any English dictionary
+that I have the means of consulting. And yet it seems now to be commonly
+used as an English expression, even by some of our best writers.
+
+When was this word first imported, and by whom? I have just met with an
+instance of it in Jerdan's _Autobiography_, vol. i. p. 131.:
+
+    "I got him (Hammon), with a full knowledge of his antecedents, into the
+    employment of a humane and worthy wine merchant of Bordeaux."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_The Letter X._--The letter X on brewers' casks is probably thus derived:
+
+  _Simplex_ = single x, or X.
+  _Duplex_ = double x, or XX.
+  _Triplex_ = treble x, or XXX.
+
+This was suggested by Owen's _Epigram_, lib. xii. 34.:
+
+ "Laudatur vinum _simplex_, cervisia _duplex_,
+  Est bona duplicitas, optima simplicitas."
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_A Crow-bar._--In Johnson's _Dictionary_ the explanation given of this word
+is "piece of iron used as a lever to force open doors, as the Latins called
+a hook _corvus_." In Walters' _English and Welsh Dictionary_, the first
+part of which was published about the year 1770, this word is printed
+"_Croe_-bar." Is it probable that the word _crow_ has been derived front
+the Camb.-Brit. word _cro_, a curve? and that the name has been given from
+the circumstance of one end of a crow-bar being curved for the purpose of
+making it more efficient as lever?
+
+N. W. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{440}
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Bishop Grehan._--I want any information obtainable with reference to a
+Roman Catholic bishop in Ireland named Grehan; his Christian name, family,
+date of his bishopric, and name of it. Where can I find such particulars?
+
+O. L. R. G.
+
+_Doxology._--In his "Christmas Caroll" to the tune of "King Solomon," old
+Tusser has the following:
+
+ "To God the Son and Holy Ghost,
+    Let man give thanks, rejoice, and sing,
+  From world to world, from coast to coast,
+    For all good gifts so many ways,
+      That God doth send.
+    Let us in Christ give God the praise,
+      Till life shall end!"
+
+Query, Is this the origin of our own doxologies?
+
+L. A. M.
+
+Great Yarmouth.
+
+_Arrow-mark._--On an ancient pump of wood, extracted from the Poltimore
+mine in North Devon, I perceive a deeply cut arrow-mark. What is the
+inference as to the age of this relic from the mark referred to? The
+fragment is that of a large oak tree hollowed out, and now decomposing from
+exposure after its long burial.
+
+J. R. P.
+
+_Gabriel Poyntz._--There is a portrait here inscribed "Gabriel Poyntz, an.
+Domini 1568, aetatis suae 36:" and having a coat of arms painted on it, Barry
+of eight, or and gules, with a crest very indistinct; but apparently a
+lion's head, and the motto "Clainte refrainte."
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me of the meaning of this motto, and
+the language in which it is expressed; and also what the crest is?
+
+G. Poyntz was of South Okendon in Essex, and there is an account of his
+family in Morant's _Essex_; from which it appears that he was descended
+from the family of Poyntz of Tockington in _Gloucestershire_, of which
+there is an account in Atkins' Gloucestershire. He was afterwards
+knighted.--Any information as to him, in addition to that which is
+contained in Morant, would be very acceptable.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+Bradley, Ashbourne.
+
+_Queen Elizabeth's and Queen Anne's Motto, "Semper eadem."_--Upon what
+occasion, and by what authority was the motto "Semper eadem" used as the
+royal motto in the reign of Elizabeth?
+
+The authority for Queen Anne's motto has been afforded by your
+correspondent G. (Vol. viii., p. 255.); though he has not fully answered
+the original Query (Vol. viii., p. 174.), as the motto in question was
+signified to the public in the _London Gazette_, Dec. 21-24, 1702; was
+ordered to be _continued_ in 1707, and to be _discontinued_ (by an order in
+council) on the accession of the House of Hanover in 1714, when the old
+motto "Dieu et mon droit" was resumed.
+
+Z. Z. Z.
+
+_Bees._--In these parts the increase of the apiary is known by the three
+following names:--The first migration from the parent hive is (as all your
+country readers are aware) a _swarm_; the next is called a _cast_; while
+the third increase, in the same season, goes under the name of a _cote_.
+Perhaps some one will kindly inform me if these names are common in other
+parts of England; and if there are any other local designations for the
+different departures of these insect colonists.
+
+JOHN P. STILWELL.
+
+Dorking.
+
+_Nelly O'Brien and Kitty Fisher._--Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q."
+can tell me where information is to be found respecting these two
+celebrated women, who have been immortalised by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and
+whose portraits are sometimes to be met with.
+
+"Cleopatra dissolving the Pearl" is a portrait of Kitty, and he probably
+introduced them both into some of his fancy pictures.
+
+As I happen to possess a good portrait of one of them, I should like to
+know something of their history.
+
+CANTAB.
+
+University Club.
+
+_"Homo unius libri."_--To whom does this saying ing originally belong? The
+_British Critic_ gives it to St. Thomas Aquinas:
+
+    "When asked on one occasion who is in the way to become learned, he
+    answered, 'Whoever will content himself with the reading of a single
+    book."--_The British Critic_, No. LIX. p. 202.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_"Now the fierce bear," &c._--Can any of your readers inform me who is the
+author of the following lines?
+
+ "Now the fierce bear and leopard keen,
+  All perished as they ne'er had been;
+  Oblivion's their best home.
+      .    .    .    .
+  There is an oath on high,
+  That ne'er on brow of mortal birth,
+  Shall blend again the crowns of earth."
+
+[theta].
+
+_Prejudice against Holy Confirmation._--I have found among my rural
+parishioners an idea very prevalent, that it is wrong, or at least highly
+improper, for a married woman to become a candidate for, or to receive holy
+confirmation; and this quite apart from any sectarian views on the matter.
+I should like to know if any of my {441} clerical brethren have noticed the
+same superstition as I must call it. Labourers' wives in some cases have at
+once stated their being married as a valid objection; and in others their
+husbands, although Churchmen, have at once entered their _veto_ on their
+being confirmed. Can it arise from any vague reminiscence of the practical
+rule of the Church of England on the subject, which has been so long
+ignored?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Epigram on MacAdam._--Who was the author of the following epigram?
+
+ "My Essay on Roads, quoth MacAdam, lies there,
+    The result of a life's lucubration;
+  But does not the title page look rather bare?
+    I long for a Latin quotation.
+
+ "A Delphin edition of Virgil stood nigh,
+    To second his classic desire;
+  When the road-maker hit on the shepherd's reply,
+   '_Miror Magis_,' I rather _add_-mire."
+
+[Old English W. N.]
+
+_Jane Scrimshaw._--Can any of your numerous correspondents inform me if
+there is any other biographical notice of Jane Scrimshaw, who attained the
+advanced age of 127, and resided for upwards of eighty years in the
+Merchant Taylors' Almshouse, near Little Tower Hill, than that recorded in
+Caulfield's _Memoirs of Remarkable Characters_?
+
+J. T. M.
+
+_The Word "Quadrille."_--May I trouble some kind reader to give me the
+origin, derivation, full and literal meaning, and the several senses, in
+their regular succession, of the above word _Quadrille_? There seems to be
+much uncertainty attached to the word.
+
+VERITATIS AMICUS.
+
+Oxon.
+
+_The Hungarians in Paules._--Perhaps some of the ingenious contributors to
+"N. & Q." may be able to assist P. C. S. S. to explain the following
+passage in the dedication of a rare little book _Dekker's Dreame_ (Lond.
+4to. 1620). It is inscribed:--
+
+    "To the truly accomplished gentleman, and worthy deserver of all men's
+    loves, Master Endymion Porter. Sir, if you aske why, from the heapes of
+    men, I picke you out only to be that _Murus ahaeneus_ which must defend
+    me, lett me tell you (what you knowe allready) that bookes are like the
+    Hungarians in Paules, who have a priviledge to holde out their Turkish
+    history for anie one to reade. They beg nothing: the texted past-bord
+    talkes all--and if nothing be given, nothing is spoken, but God knowes
+    what they thinke!"
+
+An explanation of the above passage is very earnestly desired by
+
+P. C. S. S.
+
+_Ferns Wanted._--Specimens of the following rare ferns are much wanted to
+complete a collection:--_Woodsia ilvensis_, _Woodsia alpina_, _Cystopteris
+montana_, _Lastrea cristata_, _Lastrea recurva_, _Lastrea multiflora_,
+_Asplenium alterniflorum_, _Trichomanes speciosum_.
+
+The undersigned will feel very much obliged to any charitable person,
+residing near the _habitat_ of any of the above-mentioned ferns, who would
+take the trouble to forward to him, if not a root, at least a specimen for
+drying, he need scarcely say that any expenses will be most cheerfully
+defrayed.
+
+HENRY COOPER KEY.
+
+Stretton Rectory, near Hereford.
+
+_Craton the Philosopher._--Two of the figures on the brass font in the
+church of St. Bartholomew at Liege are superscribed Johannes Evangelista et
+Craton Philosophus.--Can any reader of "N. & Q." say if anything is known
+about the latter, who is represented as being baptized by the Evangelist?
+
+R. H. C.
+
+_The Solar Annual Eclipse in the Year 1263._--In the Norwegian account of
+Haco's expedition against Scotland, A.D. 1263, published in the original
+Islandic from the Flateyan and Frisian MSS., with a literal English version
+by the Rev. James Johnstone, I read as follows:
+
+    "While King Haco lay in Ronaldsvo, a great darkness drew over the sun;
+    so that only a little ring was bright round the sun, and it continued
+    so for some hours."--P. 45.
+
+King Haco, according to the account, left Bergen on his expedition "three
+nights before the 'Selian' vigils ... with all his fleet," and, "having got
+a gentle breeze, was two nights at sea when he reached that harbour of
+Shetland called Breydeyiar Sound (Bressay Sound, I presume) with a great
+part of his navy." Here he remained "near half a month, and from thence
+sailed to the Orkneys; and continued some time at Elidarwick, which is near
+Kirkwall.... After St. Olave's wake (July 18, O. S.) King Haco, leaving
+Elidarwick, sailed south before the Mull of Ronaldsha, with all the navy;"
+and being joined by Ronald from the Orkneys, with the ships that had
+followed him, he "led the whole armament into Ronaldsha, which he left upon
+the vigil of St. Lawrence (July 30, O. S.)."
+
+Now I wish to know, 1. On what day in August this eclipse took place, the
+day of the week, commencement of the eclipse, &c.
+
+2. Whether any cotemporary, or other writer besides the Icelandic
+historian, has recorded this eclipse?
+
+S.
+
+Fitzroy Street.
+
+_D'Israeli--how spelt?_--CAUCASUS is so fortunate as to possess all the
+acknowledged works of D'Israeli the elder, as published by himself. In the
+title-page of every one of them, the name {442} of the elegant and
+accomplished author is spelt (as above) _with_ an apostrophe. In the late
+edition of his collected works, by his no less accomplished son, the name
+is printed _without_ the apostrophe. Indeed the name so appears in all the
+works of Mr. D'Israeli the younger; a practice which he seems to have taken
+up even in the lifetime of his father, who spelt it differently. Can any of
+your readers inform CAUCASUS of the reason of this difference, and of the
+authority for it, and which is the correct mode? He has vainly sought for
+information in the Heralds' Visitation books for Buckinghamshire, preserved
+in the British Museum.
+
+CAUCASUS.
+
+_Richard Oswald._--Could any of your correspondents give me any information
+respecting Mr. Richard Oswald, the commissioner who negociated the Treaty
+of 1782 at Paris, with Franklin, and his other colleagues, representing the
+United States? Is there any obituary or biographical notice of him in
+existence?
+
+L.
+
+_Cromwell's Descendants._--Oliver Cromwell's daughter Bridget was baptized
+August 4, 1624; married to Ireton January 15, 1646-7; a widow Nov. 26,
+1651; married to General Fleetwood, Lord President in Ireland, before 1652;
+died at Stoke, near London, 1681.--Can any of your correspondents furnish
+the date of this lady's marriage with Fleetwood; also, a list of her
+children and grandchildren by Fleetwood? It is supposed that Captain
+Fleetwood's daughter, _i. e._ the General's granddaughter, married a Berry.
+
+ERIN.
+
+_Letter of Archbishop Curwen to Archbishop Parker._--In _The Hunting of the
+Romish Fox_, collected by Sir James Ware, and edited by Robert Ware (8vo.,
+Dublin, 1683), there is a long account of an image of the Saviour which, to
+the astonishment of the good people of Dublin, and by the contrivance of
+one Father Leigh, sweated blood in the year 1559. It is added, at p. 90.:
+
+    "The Archbishop of Dublin wrote _this relation and to this effect_, to
+    his brother, Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker, who was very
+    joyful at the receipt thereof, by reason," &c.
+
+The whole chapter in which this occurs is stated to be "taken out of the
+Lord Cecil's _Memorials_." Can any of your readers give me assistance in
+finding these _Memorials_, or this letter to Archbishop Parker, or a copy
+of it? I intended to have made it an object of inquiry and search in
+Dublin, but I have been prevented accomplishing my design of visiting that
+country. Perhaps some of your Irish readers may be able to help me.
+
+JOHN BRUCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Margaret Patten._--I have just seen a curious old picture, executed at
+least a century ago, and which was lately found amongst some family papers.
+It is a half-length of an old woman in homely looking garments; a dark blue
+stuff gown, the sleeves partially rolled up, and white sleeving protruding
+from under, not unlike the fashion of to-day; a white and blue checked
+apron; around her neck a white tippet and a handkerchief, on her head a
+"mutch," or close linen cap, and a lace or embroidered band across her
+forehead to hide the absence of hair. She holds something undistinguishable
+in one hand.
+
+The picture is about 10 x 8 inches, and is done on glass, evidently
+transferred from an engraving on steel. The colours have been laid on with
+hand, and then, to preserve and make an opaque back, it has received a
+coating of plaster of Paris; altogether in its treatment resembling a
+coloured photograph.
+
+By-the-bye, I am sorry I could not get a copy (photographic) of it, or that
+would have rendered intelligible what I fear my lame descriptions cannot.
+Beneath the figure is the following inscription:
+
+    "MARGARET PATTEN,
+
+    Born in the Parish of Lochnugh, near Pairsley in Scotland, now Liveing
+    in the Work House of St. Marg^{ts}, Westminsster, aged 138."
+
+There is no date appended.
+
+The word "Lochnugh" in the inscription is evidently spelt from the Scotch
+pronunciation of Lochwinnoch, near Paisley.
+
+I should be very glad if any of your readers or correspondents in London
+could ascertain if the name, &c. is to be found in the records of St.
+Margaret's, Westminster, and also give me some facts as to the history of
+this poor old Scotch woman, left destitute so far from home and kindred.
+
+If it can be authenticated, it will make another item for your list of
+longevals.
+
+JAMES B. MURDOCH.
+
+Glasgow.
+
+    [In the Board-room of the workhouse of St. Margaret's, Westminster, is
+    a portrait of Margaret Patten, which corresponds with the picture just
+    described, and bears the following inscription:
+
+    "MARGARET PATTEN, aged 136: the Gift of John Dowsell, William Goff,
+    Matthew Burnett, Thomas Parker, Robert Wright, John Parquot, Overseers,
+    anno 1737."
+
+Margaret Patten was buried in the burial-ground of what was then called the
+Broadway Church, now Christ Church, and there is a stone on the eastern
+boundary wall inscribed, "Near this place lieth MARGARET PATTEN, who died
+June 26, 1739, in the Parish Workhouse, aged 136." In Walcott's _Memorials
+of {443} Westminster_, p. 288., we are told "she was a native of
+Lochborough, near Paisley. She was brought to England to prepare Scotch
+broth for King James II., but, owing to the abdication of that monarch,
+fell into poverty and died in St. Margaret's workhouse, where her portrait
+is still preserved. Her body was followed to the grave by the parochial
+authorities and many of the principal inhabitants, while the children sang
+a hymn before it reached its last resting-place."]
+
+_Etymology of "Coin."_--What is the etymology of our noun and verb _coin_
+and _to coin_? I do not know if I have been anticipated, but beg to suggest
+the following:--_Coin_, a piece of cornered metal; _To coin_, the act of
+cornering such block of metal.
+
+In Cornwall, the blocks of tin, when first run into moulds from the
+smelting furnace, are _square_; and when the metal is to be fined or
+assayed, the miner's phrase is, that it is to be _coined_; for the
+_corners_ of the moulded block are _cut off_, and subjected to the _assay_;
+and the decree of fineness proved is stamped on the now cornerless
+block--thereafter called a _coin of tin_. It is, I conceive, by no means a
+violent supposition that such _coins of tin_ were current as money very
+many ages before either silver, gold, copper, bronze, lead, tin, or any
+other metal moulded, stamped, engraved, or fashioned into such coins as we
+now know had come into use. We know to what far-back ages the finding of
+tin carries us, its find being entirely confined to Cornwall; its presence
+near the surface in an ore readily reduced and easily melted making its
+reduction into the metallic state possible in the very rudest state of
+society and of the arts.
+
+C. D. LAMONT.
+
+Greenock.
+
+    [See Dr. Richardson for the following derivation:--"Fr. _coigner_, It.
+    _cuniare_, Sp. _cunar_, _acunar_, to wedge, and also to coin. Menage
+    and Spelman agree from the Latin _cuneus_. '_Cuneus_; sigillum ferreum,
+    quo nummus _cuditur_; a forma dictum: atque inde _coin_ quasi _cune_
+    pro moneta.' An iron seal with which metal is stamped; so called from
+    the shape. And hence money is called _coin_ (q. _cune_,
+    wedge).--_Spelman._" The Rev. T. R. Brown, in an unpublished
+    _Dictionary of Difficult Etymology_[1], suggests the following:--"Fr.
+    _coign_, a coin, stamp, &c.; Gaelic, _cuin_, a coin. Probably from the
+    Sanscrit _kan_, to shine, desire, covet; _kanaka_, gold, &c. The Hebrew
+    _ceseph_, money, coin, is derived in like manner from the verb
+    _casaph_, to desire, covet. The other meaning attached to the French
+    word _coign_, viz. a wedge, appears to be derived from quite a
+    different root."]
+
+[Footnote 1: This useful work makes two volumes 8vo.: but how is it the
+learned Vicar of Southwick printed only _nine_ copies? Was he thinking of
+the sacred _Nine_?]
+
+_Inscription at Aylesbury._--In the north transept of St. Mary's Church,
+Aylesbury, occurs the following curious inscription on a tomb of the date
+of 1584:
+
+ "Yf, passing by this place, thou doe desire
+    To knowe what corpse here shry'd in marble lie,
+  The somme of that whiche now thou dost require
+    This slender verse shall sone to thee descrie.
+
+ "Entombed here doth rest a worthie Dame,
+    Extract and born of noble house and bloud,
+  Her sire, Lord Paget, hight of worthie fame
+    Whose virtues cannot sink in Lethe floud.
+  Two brethern had she, barons of this realme,
+    A knight her freere, Sir Henry Lee, he hight,
+  To whom she bare three _impes_, which had to name,
+    John, Henry, Mary, slayn by fortune spight,
+  First two being yong, which cavs'd their parents mone,
+    The third in flower and prime of all her yeares:
+  All three do rest within this marble stone,
+    By which the fickleness of worldly joyes appears.
+  Good Frend sticke not to strew with crimson flowers
+    This marble stone, wherein her cindres rest,
+  For sure her ghost lives with the heavenly powers,
+    And guerdon hathe of virtuous life possest."
+
+Can any of your readers give me any other instances of children being
+called _imps_? and also tell me wherefore the name was given them? and how
+long it continued in use?
+
+T. W. D. BROOKS.
+
+Cropredy, Banbury.
+
+    [The inscription is given in Lipscomb's _Buckinghamshire_. Horne Tooke
+    says _imp_ is the past participle of the A.-S. _impan_, to graft, to
+    plant. Mr. Steevens (Note on _2 Henry IV._, Act V. Sc. 5.) tells us,
+    "An _imp_ is a shoot in its primitive sense, but means a son in
+    Shakspeare." In Hollinshed, p. 951., the last words of Lord Cromwell
+    are preserved, who says, "And after him that his sonne Prince Edward,
+    that goodlie _impe_, may long reign over you." The word _imp_ is
+    perpetually used by Ulpian Fulwell, and other ancient writers, for
+    progeny:
+
+     "And were it not thy royal _impe_
+      Did mitigate our pain."
+
+    Again, in the _Battle of Alcazar_, 1594:
+
+     "Amurath, mighty emperor of the East,
+      That shall receive the _imp_ of royal race."
+
+    See other examples in Todd's Johnson and Dr. Richardson's Dictionaries.
+    Shakspeare uses the word only in jocular and burlesque passages, which,
+    says Nares, is the natural course of a word growing obsolete.]
+
+_"Guardian Angels now protect me," &c._--I remember John Wesley, and also
+his saying the "Devil should not have the best tunes." There was a pretty
+love-song, a great favourite when I was a boy:
+
+ "Guardian angels, now protect me,
+  Send to me the youth I love."
+
+the music of which Wesley introduced to his congregation as a hymn tune.
+The music I have, and I shall be glad if any of your correspondents {444}
+can oblige me with the first verse of this love-song; I only recollect the
+above lines.
+
+WILLIAM GARDINER.
+
+Leicester.
+
+    [The following is the song referred to by our correspondent:
+
+          _The Forsaken Nymph._
+
+     "Guardian angels, now protect me,
+        Send to me the swain I love;
+      Cupid, with thy bow direct me;
+        Help me, all ye pow'rs above.
+      Bear him my sighs, ye gentle breezes,
+        Tell him I love and I despair,
+      Tell him for him I grieve, say 'tis for him I live;
+        O may the shepherd be sincere!
+
+     "Through the shady grove I'll wander,
+        Silent as the bird of night,
+      Near the brink of yonder fountain,
+        First Leander bless'd my sight.
+      Witness ye groves and falls of water,
+        Echos repeat the vows he swore:
+      Can he forget me? will he neglect me?
+        Shall I never see him more?
+
+     "Does he love, and yet forsake me,
+        To admire a nymph more fair?
+      If 'tis so, I'll wear the willow,
+        And esteem the happy pair.
+      Some lonely cave I'll make my dwelling,
+        Ne'er more the cares of life pursue;
+      The lark and Philomel only shall hear me tell,
+        What bids me bid the world adieu."]
+
+_K. C. B.'s._--I observe that in the _London Gazette_ of January 2, 1815,
+which regulates the existing order of the Bath, it is commanded by the
+sovereign that "there shall be affixed in the church of St. Peter at
+Westminster escutcheons and banners of the arms of each K. C. B." Has this
+command been regularly fulfilled on the creation of each K. C. B.? I
+believe that on each creation fees are demanded by the Heralds' College,
+for the professed purpose of exemplifying the knight's arms, and affixing
+his escutcheon; but I never remember to have seen the escutcheons in
+Westminster Abbey.
+
+TEWARS.
+
+    [The order _never_ was fulfilled. If the knights were entitled to
+    armorial bearings, no fees whatever were demanded by or paid to the
+    Heralds' College. The statutes of 1815 were, however, abrogated and
+    annulled by the statutes of 1847, and the banners are not required to
+    be suspended in the Abbey. The erection of the banners and plates,
+    however, rested with the officers of the order, and the Heralds'
+    College had nothing to do with the matter.]
+
+_Danish and Swedish Ballads._--What are the best and most recent
+collections of ancient Danish and Swedish ballad poetry?
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    [We believe the best and most recent collection of Danish ballads is
+    the edition of _Udvalgte Danske Viser fra Middelalderen_, by
+    Abrahamson, Nyerup, Rabbek, &c., in five small 8vo. volumes,
+    Copenhagen, 1812. The best Swedish collection was _Svenska Folk-Visor
+    fran Forteden_, collected and edited by Geijer and Afzelius, and
+    published at Stockholm, 1814; but the more recent collection published
+    by Arwidson in 1834 is certainly superior. It is in three octavo
+    volumes, and is entitled _Svenska Fornsaenger. En Samling of Kaemp-visor,
+    Folk-visor, Lekar och Dansar, samt Barn- och Vall-Saenger_.]
+
+_Etymology of "Conger."_--What is the etymology of the word _Conger_, as
+applied to the larger kind of deep sea eels by our fishermen (who, be it
+remarked, never add eel. _Conger-eel_ is entirely used by shore-folk)?
+
+I imagine that it may be traced from the Danish _Kongr_, a king, or kings;
+for being the greatest of eels, the fishermen, whose nets he tore, and
+whose take he seriously reduced, might well call him in size, in strength,
+and voracity--_Kongr_, the king.
+
+C. D. LAMONT.
+
+Greenock.
+
+    [Todd and Webster derive it from the Latin _conger_ or _congrus_; Gr.
+    [Greek: gongros], formed of [Greek: grao], to eat, the fish being very
+    voracious; It. _gongro_; Fr. _congre_.]
+
+_"Si vis me flere, dolendum est primum tibi."_--This is, I think, the
+ordinary form of a saying cited somewhere by Goldsmith, who calls it "so
+trite a quotation that it almost demands an apology to repeat it." Whence
+comes it originally? I am unable to give the exact reference to the passage
+in Goldsmith, but in his _Citizen of the World_, letter 53rd, he has a
+cognate idea:
+
+    "As in common conversation the best way to make the audience laugh is
+    by first laughing yourself, so in writing," &c.
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+    [Horace, _De Arte Poetica_, 102.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+MEDAL AND RELIC OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 293.)
+
+I possess a cast of this medal as described by your correspondent W.
+FRASER, but which is a little indistinct in some of the letters of its
+inscriptions. The yew-tree represented on it is generally supposed to be
+that which stood at Cruikston Castle nearly Paisley; and its motto "Vires"
+may perhaps have been intended to denote its natural strength and
+durability. The date of the medal being 1566, and Mary's marriage with Lord
+Darnly having taken place on July 29, 1565, the yew-tree may have been
+introduced to commemorate some incident of their courtship, and gives
+likelihood to the common tradition. I once had a small box composed partly
+of its wood, and of {445} that of the "Torwood Oak" near Stirling, which
+was presented to me about thirty-five years ago by an aged lady, whose
+property it had been for a long time previously, and who placed much value
+on it as a relic. Though visiting Cruikston Castle in early life, I never
+heard of there being any feeling of "superstition" connected with such
+little objects as the crosses, &c. which were long made from the wood of
+the yew-tree. They are all, I think, to be viewed simply as curiosities
+associated with the historical interest of the place, and similar examples
+are to be found among our people in the numerous _quaichs_ (drinking-cups)
+and other articles which have been formed from the "Torwood Oak" that
+protected the illustrious Sir William Wallace from his enemies; from his
+oak at Elderslie, said to have been planted by his hand, two miles to the
+west of Paisley; and lately from such scraps of the old oaken rafters of
+the Glasgow Cathedral as could be obtained in the course of its modern
+repairs.
+
+As respects the yew-tree immediately concerned, some notices of its remains
+may be found in a work entitled _The Severn Delineated_, by Charles Taylor,
+Glasgow, 1831, at page 82. The author, who was a very curious local
+antiquary, died in 1837, aged forty-two. As his book is now scarce, I may
+be excused from subjoining rather a long extract, but which also throws
+some light on other particulars of this subject:
+
+    "Retreating from Househill (a seat in the vicinity) to Cruikston
+    Castle, the country is rich, and the scenery delightful. The castle
+    itself might be the subject of volumes, as it has been the theme of
+    many a poet, and the subject of many a painter's pencil. Its name is
+    known all over the world, or may be so, from the circumstance of its
+    once having been the residence of Mary Queen of Scots and Henry Lord
+    Darnly; and though the famed yew-tree decks not now the 'hallowed
+    mould,' as the poet expresses himself,
+
+     'Is there an eye that tearless could behold
+      This lov'd retreat of beauty's fairest flower?'
+
+    About three years ago a large fragment fell from the south wing of this
+    ruin, despite of all the attention Sir John Maywell paid to keep it up.
+    The founder of this castle was one De Croc; hence the name Crockston,
+    Crocston, or Cruikston. This family (says Crawfurd), failing in ane
+    heiress, she was married to Sir Alexander Stewart of Torbolton, second
+    son to Walter, the second of that name, Great Stewart of Scotland, and
+    of this marriage are descended the families of Darnly and Lorn."
+
+Cruikston is now the property of Sir John Maywell of Nether Pollock. Of the
+trunk of the once--
+
+ "    .    .    .    .    .     green yew,
+  The first that met the royal Mary's view;
+  When bright in charms the youthful princess led
+  The graceful Darnly to her throne and bed."--
+
+Lady Maywell ordered to be made by an ingenious individual, at
+Pollockshaws, an exact model of the castle, and some table and other
+utensils, which are still in preservation at Pollock. Before its removal,
+many are the snuff-boxes, toddy ladles, &c. that have been made of it, and
+are still in preservation by the curious. The following couplet, composed
+by the late Mr. W. Craig, surgeon, is inscribed on one of these ladles,
+which has seen no little service:
+
+ "Near Cruikston Castle's stately tower,
+    For many a year I stood;
+  My shade was of the hallow'd bower;
+    Where Scotland's queen was woo'd."
+
+Another medal of Queen Mary's, of considerable size, of which I have seen a
+cast many years since, contained the following inscriptions:
+
+ "O God graunt patience in that I suffer vrang."
+
+The reverse has in the centre:
+
+ "Quho can compare with me in grief,
+  I die and dar nocht seek relief."
+
+With this legend around:
+
+ "Hourt not the [heart symbol] quhais [heart whose] joy thou art."
+
+    "They all appear [says Mr. Pinkerton] to have been done in France by
+    Mary's directions, who was fond of devices. Her cruel captivity could
+    not debar her from intercourse with her friends in France; who must
+    with pleasure have executed her orders as affording her a little
+    consolation."
+
+G. N.
+
+MR. FRASER'S supposed medal is a ryal (or possibly a 3/4 ryal) of Mary and
+Henry, commonly known as a Cruickstown dollar; from the idea that the tree
+upon them is a representation of the famous yew-tree at Cruickstown Castle.
+It appears, however, from the ordinance for coining these pieces, that the
+tree is a "palm-tree crowned with a shell paddock (lizard) creeping up the
+stem of the same." The motto across the tree is "DAT GLORIA VIRES." (See
+Lindsay's _Scotch Coinage_, p. 51.)
+
+JOHN EVANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EARLY USE OF TIN.--DERIVATION OF THE NAME OF BRITAIN.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 344.)
+
+The reply of Dr. Hincks appears to require the following. While seeking
+information upon the first of these matters, I took up one of my old
+school-books, and at the foot of a page found the following note:
+"Britannia is from _Barat-anac_, the land of tin." I do not recollect to
+have seen it elsewhere; but it appeared to me so apt and correct that I
+adopted it at once.
+
+That the Shirutana of the Egyptian inscriptions, {446} or Shairetana, will
+be found to be the same people as the Ciratas of the Hindu Puranas, I have
+little doubt.
+
+Ciratas is there applied as a name to the people who were afterwards known
+to us as the Phoenicians; but that either the Shirutana or the Ciratas will
+be found to have discovered Britain, though they may have given it a name,
+I do not expect. The Ciratas were a people of a later age to that of the
+first inhabitants of Britain. The first inhabitants of Britain I call the
+Celtae, as I know no other name for them; but there seems reason for
+thinking that this island was visited by an earlier tribe, though probably
+they were of the same race.
+
+The origin of the Ciratas and first inhabitants of Britain is this:--A
+powerful monarchy appears to have been established at the earliest dawn of
+history in the country we now call Persia, long before there was any
+Assyrian government, and under this monarchy that country was the true
+centre of population, of knowledge, of languages, and of arts. Three
+distinct races of men appear to have migrated in different directions from
+this their common country. One of these divides into two parts, one
+proceeding to the west, the other to the south-east of the place where the
+division took place. The western party passed through Asia Minor, and also
+by the north of the Black Sea, carrying with it all that was then known of
+the different arts and sciences, until we find the descendants at this day
+in the British Isles. The south-eastern party, also, continued its progress
+to the part now known to us as India, where its descendants may be found at
+this day. Long after the settlement in India, various tribes, all
+proceeding from it, migrated from that country to the parts now known to us
+as Egypt and Syria; and one of these tribes was the Ciratas.
+
+That the Ciratas, Shirutana, or Phoenicians, call them as you may, were the
+first who passed the Pillar of Hercules in ships on their way to obtain tin
+here at first-hand, is almost certain; and that the western party, as
+described above, had broken ground to supply it long before their customers
+came for it, is scarcely less so. They all had a common origin, and used
+nearly the same language, religion, and laws.
+
+My Query has brought out a highly satisfactory elucidation of the origin of
+the term _Britain_; and this, looking at the position in which that term
+stood on the day the last Number of "N. & Q." was published is by no means
+a slight acquisition. I now leave it.
+
+G. W.
+
+Stansted, Montfichet.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTORIAL EDITIONS OF THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 18. 91. 321.; Vol. viii., p. 318.)
+
+The following list may prove an acceptable addition to those already
+printed in your pages. Some of your correspondents perhaps will make it
+more complete:
+
+  1707. Oxford. 8vo. Plates by John Sturt.
+  1710. London. 8vo. Forty-four plates, with no engraver's name.
+  1712. Oxford. 8vo. Plates by Sturt.
+  1717. London. 8vo. Ruled with double red lines. Plates by Sturt.
+
+Lowndes speaks of a large paper impression in quarto of this same edition:
+"The volume consists of one hundred and sixty-six plates, besides
+twenty-two containing dedication, table, &c. Prefixed is a bust of King
+George I.; and facing it, those of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Sturt
+likewise published a set of fifty-five historical cuts for Common Prayer in
+small 8vo."
+
+    1738. London. 8vo. With Old Version of the Psalms; and forty-four
+    curious plates, including Gunpowder Treason, the Martyrdom of Charles
+    I., and Restoration of Charles II. (Booksellers' Catal.)
+
+    1794. London. Published by J. Good and E. Harding, with plates after
+    Stothard by Bartolozzi and others (Lowndes).
+
+Lowndes also mentions "Illustrations to the Book of Common Prayer by
+Richard Westall, London, 1813, 8 vo. (proofs) 4to.," and "Twelve
+illustrations to ditto, engraved by John Scott, from designs by Burney and
+Thurston, royal 8vo."
+
+I have reserved for more particular description two editions in my own
+possession:--One is a small 8vo., ruled with red lines: "In the Savoy,
+printed by the assignees of John Bill and Christopher Barker, Printers to
+the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1667." It contains fifty-nine plates:
+these are identical with those in the _Antiquitates Christianae_, or Bishop
+Taylor's _Life of Christ_, and Cave's _Lives of the Apostles_ (folio
+editions), which, if I mistake not, were engraved by William Faithorn. The
+Act of Uniformity is given in black-letter. The Ordinal is wanting. The
+three State Services are not enumerated in the Table of Contents, but are
+added at the end of the book. The Old Version of the Psalms (with its usual
+quaint title), a tract of 104 pp., is appended: "London: printed by Thos.
+Newcomb for the Company of Stationers, 1671." The other edition is a 12mo.:
+"London, printed by Charles Bill and the Executrix of Thomas Newcomb
+deceased, Printers to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, 1708" (ruled with
+red lines). In the frontispiece is represented a female figure kneeling
+with a prayer book open before her: an angel {447} in the air holds a
+scroll, on which is inscribed, "The Liturgy of the Church of England,
+adorned with fifty-five historical cuts, P. La Vergne del., M. Van der
+Gucht sc." Beneath the picture, "Sold by Robt. Whitledge at the Bible in
+Ave Maria Lane, near Stationers' Hall."
+
+Some of the cuts are very curious, as No. 16., which represents the Devil
+(adorned with a crown, sceptre, and tail) standing on the top of a high
+conical rock, and our Blessed Lord at a little distance from him. The
+appearance and attitude of the Apostles are somewhat grotesque. One of the
+best is St. Philip (No. 39.), who is represented as a wrinkled, bearded old
+man, contemplating a crucifix in his hand.
+
+No. 51. is a picture of Guy Fawkes approaching the Parliament House, with a
+lantern in his hand. A large eye is depicted in the clouds above, which
+sheds a stream of light on the hand of the conspirator. No. 52. is "The
+Martyrdom of King Charles I." No. 53. "The Restoration of Monarchy and King
+Charles II." A number of cavaliers on horseback, with their conical hats
+and long tresses, occupy the foreground of this picture; the army appears
+in the background. This is the last, though the scroll advertises
+fifty-five cuts.
+
+The Prefaces and Calendar are printed in very small bad type. The four
+State Services are enumerated in the Table of Contents. After the State
+Services follow, "At the Healing;" the Thirty-nine Articles, and a Table of
+Kindred and Affinity. This edition neither contains the Ordinal nor a
+metrical version of the Psalms. Notwithstanding the date on the title-page,
+_King George_ is prayed for throughout the book, except in the service "For
+the Eighth Day of March," when Queen Anne's name occurs.
+
+Of the modern pictorial editions of the Book of Common Prayer may be
+mentioned that of Charles Knight "illustrated by nearly seven hundred
+beautiful woodcuts by Jackson, from drawings by Harvey, and six illuminated
+titles; with Explanatory Notes by the Rev. H. Stebbing," royal 8vo.,
+London, 1838; reprinted in 1846. That of Murray, "illuminated by Owen
+Jones, and illustrated with engravings from the works of the great
+masters," royal 8vo., London, 1845; reprinted in 1850 in med. 8vo. That of
+Whittaker in 12mo. and 8vo., "with notes and illuminations." The last, and
+by far the best, pictorial edition is that of J. H. Parker of Oxford, "with
+fifty illustrations; selected from the finest examples of the early Italian
+and modern German schools, by the Rev. H. J. Rose and Rev. J. W. Burgon."
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+YEW-TREES IN CHURCHYARDS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 346.)
+
+This has long been to me a vexed question, and I fear that none of your
+correspondents have given a satisfactory answer.
+
+I have seen in London sprigs of yew and palm willow offered for sale before
+Palm Sunday. At this period they may, I think, be always found in Covent
+Garden Market. I saw them last year also in the greengrocers' shops at
+Brighton. To me these are evident traces of an old custom of using the yew
+as well as the willow. The origin is to be found in the Jewish custom of
+carrying "branches of palm-trees, and boughs of _thick trees_, and willows
+from the brook" (Leviticus xxiii. 39, 40.).
+
+Wordsworth alludes to this in his sonnet on seeing a procession at
+Chamouny:
+
+ "The Hebrews thus carrying in joyful state
+  Thick boughs of palm and willows from the brook,
+  March'd round the altar--to commemorate
+  How, when their course they from the desert took,
+  Guided by signs which ne'er the sky forsook,
+  They lodged in leafy tents and cabins low,
+  Green boughs were borne."
+
+In _A Voyage from Leith to Lapland_, 1851, vol. i. p. 132., there is an
+account of the funeral of the poet Oehlenschlaeger. The author states,--
+
+    "The entire avenue was strewn, according to the old Scandinavian
+    custom, with evergreen boughs of fir, and bunches of fir and box,
+    mingled in some instances with artificial flowers. It is customary at
+    all funerals to strew evergreens before the door of the house where the
+    body lies, but it is only for some very distinguished person indeed
+    they are strewn all the way to the burial place."
+
+Forby, in his _East Anglican Vocabulary_, says it is a superstitious notion
+that--
+
+    "If you bring yew into the house at Christmas amongst the evergreens
+    used to dress it, you will have a death in the family before the end of
+    the year."
+
+I believe the yew will be found generally on the south side of the church,
+but always near the principal entrance, easy of access for the procession
+on Palm Sunday, and perhaps for funerals, and that it was used as a
+substitute for the palm, and coupled with "the willow from the brook,"
+hence called the palm willow.
+
+A HOLT WHITE.
+
+P. S.--I cannot agree with your correspondent J. G. CUMMING, that the yew
+is one of "our few evergreens." I doubt our having in England any native
+evergreen but the holly.
+
+The etymology of the name of the yew-tree clearly shows that it was not
+planted in churchyards as an emblem of evil, but one of immortality. The
+name of the tree in Celtic is _jubar_, pronounced _yewar_, _i. e._ "the
+evergreen head." The town of {448} Newry in Ireland took its name from two
+yew-trees which St. Patrick planted: _A-Niubaride_, pronounced _A-Newery_,
+_i. e._ "the yew-trees," which stood until Cromwell's time, when some
+soldiers ruthlessly cut them down.
+
+In the Note by MR. J. G. CUMMING, a derivation is evidently required for
+the English word _yeoman_, which he suggests is taken from "yokeman."
+Yeoman is from _e[=o]_, pronounced _yo_, _i. e._ free, worthy, respectable,
+as opposed to the terms _villein_, serf, &c.; so that yeoman means a
+freeman, a respectable person.
+
+FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OSBORN FAMILY.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 270.)
+
+Mr. H. T. Griffith asks where may any pedigree of the _Osborne_ family,
+previous to Edward Osborne, the ancestor of the Dukes of Leeds, be seen. In
+reply, I am in possession of large collections relating to the Norman
+Osbornes, from whom I have reasons to believe him to have been descended.
+Those Osbornes can be proved to have been settled in certain of the midland
+counties of England from the time of the attainder and downfall of the son
+of William Fitzosborne, Earl of Hereford and premier peer, down to a
+comparatively late period. A branch of them was possessed of the manor of
+Kelmarsh in Northamptonshire; and their pedigree, beginning in 1461, may be
+seen in Whalley's _Northamptonshire_: but this is necessarily very
+imperfect, on account of the author's want of access to documents which
+have subsequently been opened to the public.
+
+I may here notice that an inexcusable error has been committed and repeated
+in several of the collections of records published by the Parliamentary
+Commission, who have, in numerous instances, and without any warrant,
+interpreted _Osb._ of the MSS. as "Osbert." Thus they have deprived
+_Fitzosborne_, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1102), of some of his manors, and
+within his own diocese, and conferred them on _Osbert the Bishop_, although
+there never was a bishop of that name in England. I took the liberty of
+pointing out this error to one of the chief editors concerned in these
+works; but as he has taken no notice of my observations, I must infer that
+he thinks it most prudent to excite no farther inquiry.
+
+The _Osborns_, now so numerous in London, appear to have come from the
+Danish stem from which the Norman branch was originally derived. Their
+number, which has increased even beyond the ordinary ratio of the
+population, may perhaps be dated from the wife of one of them who (temp.
+Jac. I.) had twenty-four sons, and was interred in old St. Paul's.
+
+I shall be very happy to afford any assistance in my power to the gentleman
+who has occasioned these remarks.
+
+OMICRON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., pp. 454. 603.; Vol. viii., pp. 108. 248.)
+
+Many thanks are due to your correspondent CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A., for his
+interesting series of inscriptions on bells. The following are, I think,
+sufficiently curious to be added to your collection:--
+
+Rouen Cathedral:
+
+    "In the steeple of the great church, in the citie of Roane in Normandy,
+    is one great bell with the like inscription." [Like, that is, to the
+    inscription at St. Stephen's, Westminster: see "N. & Q." Vol. viii., p.
+    108.]
+
+ "Je suis George de Ambois,
+  Qui trente-cinque mille pois;
+  Mes luis qui me pesera,
+  Trente-six mille me trouvera."
+
+ "I am _George of Ambois_,
+  Thirtie-five thousand in pois;
+  But he that shall weigh me,
+  Thirty-six thousand shall find me."--Weever, _Fun. Mon_., edit. fol.
+      1631, p. 492.
+
+St. Matthew, Great Milton, Oxfordshire:
+
+  1. "I as treble begin.
+  3. "I was third ring.
+  8. (Great bell) "I to church the living call, and to the grave do
+      summons."
+
+Inscription suggested as being suitable for six bells, in the
+_Ecclesiologist_ (New Series), vol. i. p. 209.:
+
+  1. "Ave Pater, Rex, Creator:
+  2. Ave Fili, Lux, Salvator:
+      3. Ave Pax et Charitas.
+  4. Ave Simplex, Ave Trine;
+  5. Ave Regnans sine fine,
+      6. Ave Sancta Trinitas."
+
+Inscriptions are often to be found in Lombardic characters, and on bells of
+great antiquity. Can any of your ecclesiological correspondents furnish me
+with the date of the earliest known example?
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+On bells in Southrepps Church, Norfolk:
+
+    "Tuba ad Juditium. Campana ad Ecclesiam, 1641."
+
+    "Miserere mei Jhesus Nazarenus Rex Judaeorum."
+
+J. L. SISSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADIES' ARMS BORNE IN A LOZENGE.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83. 277. 329.)
+
+I broached a theory with a concluding remark that it would give me great
+pleasure to see one more reasonable take its place. I fear that, if all
+your readers anxious to clear up an obscure point in an interesting science
+take no more trouble than P. P., we shall find ourselves no {449} nearer
+our object in the middle of your eightieth volume than we are now in your
+eighth.
+
+What P. P. is pleased to term the "routine" reason is after all but one
+among many, and is not better substantiated than some of the others quoted
+by me; for though the lozenge has a "supposed" resemblance to the distaff
+or fusil, heraldically it is but a supposed one, and by most writers the
+difference is very distinctly indicated.
+
+Boyer says:
+
+    "A fusil is a bearing in heraldry made in the form of a spindle, with
+    its yarn or thread wound about it. _Fusils are longer than lozenges_,
+    and taper or pointed at both ends."
+
+The same author thus describes a lozenge:
+
+    "A Rhimbus, in geometry, is a figure of four equal and parallel sides,
+    but not rectangular."
+
+Robson says:
+
+    "Fusil, a kind of spindle used in spinning. Its formation should be
+    particularly attended to, _as few painters or engravers make a
+    sufficient distinction between the fusil and lozenge_."
+
+Nisbet describes a lozenge to be--
+
+    "A figure that has equal sides and unequal angles, as the quarry of a
+    glass window placed erect pointways."
+
+He adds:
+
+    "The Latins say, 'Lozengae factae sunt ad modum lozangiorum in vitreis.'
+    Heralds tell us that their use in armories came from the pavement of
+    marble stones of churches, fine palaces and houses, cut after the form
+    of lozenges, which pavings the French and Italians call loze and the
+    Spaniards _loza_."
+
+Sylvester de Petra-Sancta of the lozenge says much the same:
+
+    "Scutulas oxigonias scu acutangulus erectas, et quasi gradiles, referri
+    debere ad latericias et antiquas domus olim, viz. Nobilium quia vulgus,
+    et infamiae sortis homines, intra humiles casus, vet antra
+    inhabitantur."
+
+Of the fusil Nisbet writes:
+
+    "The fusil is another Rhombular figure like the lozenge, but more long
+    than broad, and its upper and lower points are more acute than the two
+    side points."
+
+He adds that:
+
+    "Chassanus and others make their sides round, as in his description of
+    them: 'Fusae sunt acutae in superiore et inferiore partibus, et rotundae
+    ex utroque latere;' which description has occasioned some English
+    heralds, when so painted or engraven, to call them millers' picks, as
+    Sir John Boswell, in his _Concords of Armory_, and others, to call them
+    weavers' shuttles."
+
+Menestrier says of lozenges:
+
+    "Lozange est une figure de quatre pointes, dont deux sont un peu plus
+    etendues que les autres, et assise sur une de ces pointes. C'est le
+    Rhomb des mathematiciens, et les quarreaux des vitres ordinaires en ont
+    la figure."
+
+Of fusils:
+
+    "Fusees sont plus etendues en longue que les lozanges, et affilees en
+    point comme les fuseaux. Elles sont pieces d'architecture ou l'on se
+    sert pour ornement de fusees et de pesons."
+
+The celebrated _Boke of St. Albans_ (1486) thus describes the difference
+between a lozenge and fusil:
+
+    "Knaw ye y^e differans betwix ffusillis and losyng. Wherefore it is to
+    be knaw that ffusillis ar euermore long, also fusyllis ar strattyr
+    ouerwart in the baly then ar mascules. And mascules ar larger ou'wartt
+    in the baly, and shorter in length than be fusyllis."
+
+The mascle is afterwards explained to be the lozenge pierced. Again:
+
+    "And ye most take thys for a general enformacion and instruccion that
+    certanli losyng eu'more stand upright ... and so withowte dowte we have
+    the differans of the foresayd signes, that is to wete of mascules and
+    losynges."
+
+Dallaway, an elegant writer on Heraldry, says:
+
+    "Of the lozenge the following extraordinary description is given in a
+    MS. of Glover, 'Lozenga est pars vitri in vitrea fenestra.' But it may
+    be more satisfactory to observe that the lozenge, with its diminutive,
+    are given to females instead of an escocheon for the insertion of their
+    armorial bearings, one of which is supposed to have been a cushion of
+    that shape, and the other is evidently the spindle used in spinning;
+    both demonstrative of the sedentary employments of women. On a very
+    splendid brass for Eleanor, relict of Thomas of Woodstocke, who died
+    1384, she is delineated as resting her head upon two cushions, the
+    upper of which is placed lozenge-wise."--P. 140.
+
+The above is taken from his _Miscellaneous Observations on Heraldic
+Ensigns_, the following from the body of his great work:
+
+    "Females being heirs, or conveying feodal lordships to their husbands,
+    had, as early as the thirteenth century, the privilege of armorial
+    seals. The variations were progressive and frequent; at first the
+    female effigy had the kirtle or inner garment emblazoned, or held the
+    escocheon over her head, or in her right hand; then three escocheons
+    met in the centre, or four were joined at their bases, if the alliance
+    admitted of so many. Dimidiation, accollation, and impalement succeeded
+    each other at short intervals. But the modern practice of placing the
+    arms of females upon a lozenge appears to have originated about the
+    middle of the fourteenth century, when we have an instance of five
+    lozenges conjoined upon one seal; that of the heir female in the centre
+    impaling the arms of her husband, and surrounded by those of her
+    ancestors."--P. 400.
+
+I think this quotation from so learned a writer goes far towards settling
+the whole question. I confess myself willing to have my theory placed
+second to this, while I must discard the "distaff" {450} notion, unless
+better substantiated than by the French saying from their Salique law,
+which I here give for P. P.'s information: "Nunquam corona a lance
+transibit ad fusum." I am willing to admit the antiquity of this notion;
+for while the shape of the man's shield is traced by Sylvanus Morgan to
+Adam's spade, he takes the woman's from Eve's spindle!
+
+ "When Adam delved, and Eve span,
+  Who was then the gentleman?"
+
+In Geoffry Chaucer's time the lozenge appears to have been an ornament worn
+by heralds in their dress or crown. In describing the habit of one, he
+says:
+
+ "They crowned were as kinges
+  With crowns wrought full of lozenges
+  And many ribbons and many fringes."
+
+As for the difference between the lozenge and fusil, I could multiply
+opinions and examples, but hope those given will be sufficient.
+
+I cannot conclude these few hasty remarks without expressing a wish that
+one of your correspondents in particular would take up this subject, to
+handle which in a masterly manner, his position is a guaranty of his
+ability. I refer to the gentleman holding the office of York Herald.
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE MYRTLE BEE.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 173.)
+
+From a very early period, and throughout life, I have been accustomed to
+shooting, and well remember the bird in question, but whether the term was
+local or general, I am unable to state, never having met with it save in
+one locality; and many years have elapsed since I saw one, although in the
+habit of frequenting the neighbourhood where it was originally to be seen.
+I attribute its disappearance to local causes. I met with it during a
+series of years, ending about twenty-five years since, at which period I
+lost sight of it. It was to be met with during the autumn and winter in
+bogs scattered over with bog myrtle, on Chobham and the adjacent common; I
+never met with it elsewhere. It is solitary. I am unacquainted with its
+food, and only in a single instance had I ever one in my hand. Its tongue
+is pointed, sharp, and appearing capable of penetration. Its colour
+throughout dusky light blue, slightly tinged with yellow about the vent.
+Tail about one inch, being rather long in proportion to the body, causing
+the wings to appear forward, with a miniature pheasant-like appearance as
+it flew, or rather darted, from bush to bush, with amazing quickness, its
+wings moving with rapidity, straight in its flight, keeping near the
+ground, appearing loth to wing, never passing an intervening bush if ever
+so near; and I never saw one fly over eight or ten yards, and never wing a
+second time, which induced our dogs (using a sporting phrase) to puzzle
+them, causing a belief that they were in most instances trodden under the
+water and grass in which the myrtle grew, and which nothing but a dog could
+approach. I never saw one sitting or light on a branch of the myrtle, but
+invariably flying from the _base_ of one plant to that of another. I am not
+aware that any cabinet contains a preserved specimen, or that the bird has
+ever been noticed by any naturalist as a British or foreign bird.
+
+Should W. R. D. S. covet farther information as to the probable cause of
+its disappearance, and my never having met with it elsewhere, perhaps he
+will favour me with his address. I cannot think the bird extinct.
+
+C. BROWN.
+
+Egham, Surrey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CAPTAIN JOHN DAVIS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 385.)
+
+The earliest memoir of captain John Davis, the celebrated arctic navigator,
+is that given by the reverend John Prince in his DANMONII ORIENTALES
+ILLUSTRES, _or the worthies of Devon_, Exeter, 1701, folio. It is, however,
+erroneous and defective in important particulars, and has misled some
+eminent writers, as Campbell, Eyries, Barrow, &c.
+
+Despite the assertions of master Prince, I _question_ if captain Davis
+married a daughter of sir John Fulford; I am _sure_ he was not the first
+pilot who conducted the Hollanders to the East-Indies; I am sure the
+journal of the voyage is not printed in Hakluyt; I am sure the narrative of
+his voyage with sir Edward Michelborne is neither dedicated to the earl of
+Essex nor printed in Hakluyt; I am sure he did not write the _Rutter, or
+brief directions for sailing into the East-Indies_; I am sure he wrote two
+works of which Prince says nothing; I am sure he did not make _five_
+voyages to the East-Indies; and I am sure, to omit other oversights, that
+he did not "return home safe again." To the latter point I shall now
+confine myself.
+
+In 1604 king James, regardless of the charter held by the East-India
+company, granted a license to sir Edward Michelborne, one of his
+gentlemen-pensioners, to discover and trade with the "countries and
+domynions of Cathaia, China, Japan," &c. This license, preserved in the
+Rolls-chapel, is dated the twenty-fifth of June. On the fifth of December
+sir Edward set sail from Cowes with the Tiger, a ship of 240 tons, and a
+pinnace--captain Davis being, as I conceive, the _second_ in command. In
+December 1605, being near the island of Bintang, they fell in with a junk
+of 70 tons, carrying ninety Japanese, most of them {451} "in too gallant a
+habit for saylers:" in fact, they were pirates! The unfortunate result
+shall now be stated in the words of the _pirate_ Michelborne:
+
+    "Vpon mutuall courtesies with gifts and feastings betweene vs,
+    sometimes fiue and twentie or sixe and twentie of their chiefest came
+    aboord: whereof I vould not suffer aboue sixe to have weapons. Their
+    was neuer the like number of our men aboord their iunke. I willed
+    captaine John Dauis in the morning [the twenty-seventh of December] to
+    possesse himselfe of their weapons, and to put the companie before
+    mast, and to leave some guard on their weapons, while they searched in
+    the rice, doubting that by searching and finding that which would
+    dislike them, they might suddenly set vpon my men, and put them to the
+    sword: as the sequell prooued. Captaine Dauis being beguiled with their
+    humble semblance, would not possesse himselfe of their weapons, though
+    I sent twice of purpose from my shippe to will him to doe it. They
+    passed all the day, my men searching in the rice, and they looking on:
+    at the sunne-setting, after long search and nothing found, saue a
+    little storax and beniamin: they seeing oportunitie, and talking to the
+    rest of their companie which were in my ship, being neere to their
+    iunke, they resolued, at a watch-word betweene them, to set vpon vs
+    resolutely in both ships. This being concluded, they suddenly killed
+    and droue ouer-boord, all my men that were in their ship; and those
+    which were aboord my ship sallied out of my cabbin, where they were
+    put, with such weapons as they had, finding certaine targets in my
+    cabbin, and other things that they vsed as weapons. My selfe being
+    aloft on the decke, knowing what was likely to follow, leapt into the
+    waste, where, with the boate swaines, carpenter and some few more, wee
+    kept them vnder the halfe-decke. At their first comming forth of the
+    cabbin, they met captain Dauis comming out of the gun-roome, whom they
+    pulled into the cabbin, and giuing him sixe or seuen mortall wounds,
+    they thrust him out of the cabbin before them. His wounds were so
+    mortall, that he dyed assoone as he came into the waste."--Purchas, i.
+    137.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Clouds in Photographs._--I wish one of your photographic correspondents
+would inform me, how _clouds_ can be put into photographs taken on paper?
+Mr. Buckle's photographs all contain _clouds_?
+
+[Sigma].
+
+"_The Stereoscope considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular
+Vision_" is the title of a small pamphlet written by a frequent contributor
+to this journal, Mr. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, in which he has "attempted to
+sketch out such modifications of the theory of double vision as appear to
+him to be entailed on the rationale of the stereoscope." The corroboration
+thus indirectly afforded to the principles of Sir William Hamilton's
+_Philosophy of Perception_ has induced MR. INGLEBY to dedicate his word to
+that distinguished metaphysician. The essay will, we have no doubt, be
+perused with great interest by many of our photographic friends, for whose
+gratification we shall borrow its concluding paragraph.
+
+    "In conclusion we must not forget to acknowledge our obligations to the
+    photographic art, not merely as one of the most suggestive results of
+    natural science, but as a means of the widest and soundest utility. To
+    antiquaries the services of photography have a unique value, for, by
+    perpetuating in the form of negatives those monuments of nature and art
+    which, though exempt from common accident, are still subject to gradual
+    decay from time, it places in the hands of us all microscopically exact
+    antitypes of objects which, from change or distance, are otherwise
+    inaccessible. To the artist they afford the means of facilitating the
+    otherwise laborious, and often mechanical, task of drawing in detail
+    from nature and from the human figure.
+
+    "To the physician, to the naturalist, and to the man of science, the
+    uses of photography are various and important, and already the
+    discoveries which have been directly due to this modern art are of
+    stupendous utility.
+
+    "To the metaphysician, its uses may be sufficiently gleaned from the
+    applications considered in the preceding pages. But to all these
+    classes of men the photographic art derives its chief glory from its
+    application to the stereoscope; and if, for elucidating the principles
+    of vision by means of this application, we have in any degree given a
+    stimulus to the practice and improvement of the photographic processes,
+    our pains have been happily and fruitfully bestowed."
+
+_Muller's Processes._--Would you inform me, through the medium of "N. &
+Q.," what manufacture of paper is best adapted to the two processes of Mr.
+Muller? I have tried several: with some I find that the combination of
+their starch with the iodide of iron causes a dark precipitate upon the
+face of the paper; and with those papers prepared with size, there appears
+to me great difficulty (in his improved process after the paper is
+moistened with aceto-nitrate of silver) to procure an equal distribution of
+the iodide over its surface, as it invariably dries or runs off parts of
+the paper, or is repelled by spots of size on the paper when dipped in the
+iodide of iron bath.--A reply to the foregoing question would greatly
+oblige
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+Essex.
+
+_Positives on Glass._--Sometimes, when your sitter is gone, and you hold
+your portrait up to the light to examine its density, you find in the face
+and other parts which are dark, so viewed, minute _transparent_ specks,
+scarcely bigger than a pin's point. When the picture is backed with black
+lacquer, you have consequently small _black_ spots, which deform the
+positive, especially when viewed through a lens of short focus. A friend of
+mine {452} cures this defect very easily. After having applied the amber
+varnish, he stops out the spots with a little oil-paint that matches the
+lights of the picture; of course the paint is put upon the varnished side
+of the glass. When the paint is dry, the black lacquer is carried over the
+whole as usual.
+
+T. D. EATON.
+
+Norwich.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Peculiar Ornament in Crosthwaite Church_ (Vol. viii., p. 200.).--I am
+exceedingly obliged to CHEVERELLS for his reply to any Query. I am sorry to
+say that I failed to make a note of the number of the circles; but, as far
+as I can remember, there are six windows in each aisle, so in all there
+would be twenty-four, each window having two carved upon it, one on the
+right jamb without, and the other on the left within.
+
+R. W. ELLIOT.
+
+Clifton.
+
+_Nursery Rhymes_ (Vol. viii., p. 455.).--I would suggest to L. that a
+consideration of _rhymes_ may sometimes indicate, by the change in the
+pronunciation, the antiquity of the verse e.g.,
+
+ "Hush aby, baby, on the green _bough_,
+  When the wind blows the cradle will _rock_,
+  And when the bough breaks," &c.
+
+Here, according to modern pronunciation, the rhymes of the first couplet
+are imperfect, so that it was probably composed in the Saxon era, or while
+the word _bough_ was still pronounced _bog_ or _bock_.
+
+J. R.
+
+_Milton's Widow_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134.
+200.).--Reading up my arrears of "N. & Q.," which a long absence from
+England has caused to accumulate, I find frequent inquiries made for some
+information which I once promised, relative to Milton's widow. I fear that
+your correspondents on this subject have formed an exaggerated idea of the
+importance of the expected note, and that they will see but a "ridiculus
+mus" after all. As I have no means at hand at the present moment wherewith
+to attempt to elucidate the Minshull genealogy, I shall content myself by
+simply sending my original notes, namely, brief abstracts of the wills of
+Thomas and Nathan Paget preserved at Doctors' Commons.
+
+Thomas Paget, minister of the gospel at Stockport, in Cheshire, makes his
+will May 23, 1660; mentions his three daughters Dorothy, Elizabeth, and
+Mary; and leaves estates at different places in Shropshire to his two sons,
+Dr. Nathan and Thomas, whom he appoints his executors. He entreats _his
+cousin Minshull, apothecarie in Manchester_, to be overseer of his will,
+which was proved October 16, 1660.
+
+[I have before (Vol. v., p. 327.) shown the connexion between the Pagets
+and Manchester.]
+
+Nathan Paget, Doctor in Medicine, will dated January 7, 1678, was then
+living in the parish of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, leaves
+certain estates, and his house in London where he resided, to his brother
+Thomas Paget, clerk. Bequests to his cousin John Goldsmith of the Middle
+Temple, gent., and _his cousin Elizabeth Milton_, to the Society of
+Physicians, and the poor of the parish of St. Stephen's. Will proved
+January 15, 1678.
+
+I have omitted to note _what_ the bequests were. I will only add, that some
+time ago I dropped my _alias_ of CRANMORE, and have occasionally appeared
+in your sixth Volume as
+
+ARTHUR PAGET.
+
+_Watch-paper Inscriptions_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).---I recollect, when at
+school, having an old silver watch with the following printed lines inside
+the case:
+
+ "Time is--the present moment well employ;
+  Time was--is past--thou canst not it enjoy;
+  Time future--is not, and may never be;
+  Time present--is the only time for thee."
+
+JNO. D. ALLCROFT.
+
+_Poetical Tavern Signs_ (Vol. viii., p. 242.).--May I add to those
+mentioned by your correspondent MR. WARDE, one at Chatham. On the
+sign-board is painted "an arm embowed, holding a malt-shovel," underneath
+which is written,--
+
+ "Good malt makes good beer,
+  Walk in, and you'll find it here."
+
+G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH.
+
+Star Hill, Rochester.
+
+At a small inn in Castleton, near Whitby, the sign represents Robin Hood
+and Little John in their usual forest costume, and underneath appear the
+following doggerel lines:
+
+ "To gentlemen and yeomen good,
+  Come in and drink with Robin Hood;
+  If Robin Hood is not at home,
+  Come in and drink with Little John."
+
+F. M.
+
+_Parish Clerks' Company_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--The hall is in Silver
+Street, Wood Street; the beadle is Mr. Bullard, No. 9. Grocers' Hall Court,
+Poultry.
+
+If the circulars of the company were attended to, a great service would be
+rendered to the public; but as there are about one hundred and sixty
+churches in the metropolis, the chance of a parish clerk finding any
+particular marriage, &c. is, at the best, but as one to one hundred and
+sixty. Besides this, the parish registers are generally in the custody of
+the clergyman, and it is therefore feared that the searches are but too
+often {453} neglected, unless the reward is sufficiently tempting to induce
+the loss of time and the probability of an unsuccessful examination.
+
+JOHN S. BURN.
+
+"_Elijah's Mantle_" (Vol. viii., p. 295.).--James Sayers, Esq., a solicitor
+of Staple Inn, was the author of this beautiful poem, and he was also the
+reputed author of some of Gilray's best caricatures.
+
+SUUM CUIQUE.
+
+_Histories of Literature_ (Vol. viii., p. 222.).--In addition to the works
+of Hallam, Maitland, and Berrington mentioned by you, I would recommend
+your correspondent ILMONASTERIENSIS to procure an _anonymous_ publication,
+entitled _An Introduction to the Literary History of the Fourteenth and
+Fifteenth Centuries_, London, 1798, 8vo. It is a much neglected work,
+replete with interesting information relative to the state of literature
+during the dark ages. I observe a copy in calf, marked 4s. 6d. in a
+bookseller's catalogue published lately in this city.
+
+T. G. S.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+_Birthplace of General Monk_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).--I regret to find I am
+in error in saying that Lysons positively assigns Landcross as Monk's
+birthplace in the _Magna Britannia_.
+
+The mistake is of slight import as respects the Query, but accuracy in
+citing authorities is at least desirable, and ought (in common justice) to
+be ever most scrupulously regarded.
+
+"General Monk _appears_ to have been a native of this village; he was
+baptised at Lancras, December 11, 1608," is, I find, the actual passage,
+the substance of which (writing in Germany, far from any means of
+reference), at the time believed I was more correctly quoting.
+
+F. KYFFIN LENTHALL.
+
+Reform Club.
+
+_Books chained to Desks in Churches_ (Vol. viii., pp. 93. 273.).--In the
+library of St. Walburg's Church at Zutphen, consisting chiefly of Bibles
+and other Latin works, the books are fastened to the desks by iron chains.
+This was done, it is said, to prevent the Evil One from stealing them, a
+crime of which he had been repeatedly guilty. The proof of this is found in
+the stone-floor, where his foot-marks are impressed, and still show the
+direction of his march: they also teach us the important fact, that the
+feet of his tenebrious majesty are very like those of a large dog, and do
+not, as is generally supposed, resemble those of a horse.--From the
+_Navorscher_.
+
+L. V. H.
+
+In the chancel of Leyland Church, Lancashire, are four folio books chained
+to a window seat which makes a sloping desk for them: they are Foxe's
+_Martyrs_ and Jewell's _Apology_, both in black-letter, title-pages torn,
+and much worn; and a _Preservative against Popery_, in 2 vols., dated 1738.
+
+P. P.
+
+A copy of the Bible was formerly affixed by a chain in Wimborne Minster,
+Dorset, but has been removed to a certain library.
+
+The covers of a book are chained to a desk in the church of Kettering; the
+book itself is gone.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+In the parish church of Borden, near Sittingbourne, Kent, a copy of _Comber
+on the Common Prayer_ is chained to a stand in the chancel.
+
+ESTA.
+
+_Pedigree Indices_ (Vol. viii., p. 317.).--If CAPTAIN wishes to make a
+search for a pedigree in the libraries at Cambridge, he will learn from the
+MSS. Catalogue of 1697 in which of the libraries MS. volumes of heraldry
+and genealogy ought to be found; he should then apply, either through some
+master of arts, or with a proper letter of introduction in his hand, to the
+librarian for leave to search the volumes. He will find that generally
+every facility is afforded him which the safe keeping of historical
+evidences allows. He will do well to select term-time for the period of
+making a search; and before seeking admission to a college librarian, it
+will be found convenient to both parties for him to give a day's notice, by
+letter or card, to the librarian, who has often occupations and engagements
+that cannot always be got rid of at the call of a chance visitor.
+
+CANTAB.
+
+There are not any published genealogical tables showing the various kindred
+of William of Wykeham or Sir Thomas White similar to those contained in the
+_Stemmata Chicheliana_. A few descents of kindred of Sir Thomas White may
+be seen in Ashmole's _History of Berkshire_, 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+G.
+
+_Portrait of Hobbes_ (Vol. viii. p 368.).--I have an etching (size about 6-1/2
+in. by 8-1/2 in.) inscribed:
+
+    "Vera et Viva Effigies THOMAE HOBBES, Malmesburiensis."
+
+and under this:
+
+    "I. Bapt. Caspar pinxit; W. Hollar fecit aqua forti, 1665."
+
+It is a half-length portrait, and represents Hobbes uncovered, with his
+hands folded in his robe; and is without any arch or other ornament.
+
+Did Caspar paint more than one portrait of Hobbes? Is this the one
+mentioned by Hollar, in his letter dated 1661, quoted by MR. SINGER.
+
+WM. MCCREE.
+
+_Tenets or Tenents_ (Vol. vii., p.205.; Vol. viii., p. 330.).--Were there
+two editions of the _Vulgar Errors_ published in the same year, 1646? For
+my copy, "printed by T. H. for Edward Dod, and {454} are to be sold in Ivie
+Lane, 1646," and which I have always supposed to be of the first edition,
+has "Tenents," very distinctly, on the title-page. On the fly-leaf,
+opposite to the title-page, is the approbation of John Downame, dated March
+14, 1645, and commencing thus:
+
+    "I have perused these learned animadversions upon the common tenets and
+    opinions of men," &c.
+
+H. T. G.
+
+Hull.
+
+_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vii., pp. 23. 190. 588.; Vol. viii., pp. 38.
+162.).--Over a house in Hexham, in the street called Gilligate, is the
+following inscription:
+
+         "C. D.   1683.   J. D.
+
+  Reason doth wonder, but Faith he tell can,
+  That a maid was a mother, and God was a man.
+  Let Reason look down, and Faith see the wonder;
+  For Faith sees above, and Reason sees under.
+  Reason doth wonder what by Scripture is meant,
+  Which says that Christ's body is our Sacrament:
+  That our bread is His body, and our drink is His blood,
+  Which cannot by Reason be well understood;
+  For Faith sees above, and Reason below,
+  For Faith can see more than Reason doth know."
+
+CEYREP.
+
+The following is reported to have been inscribed by the Pope (1725) over
+the gate of the Apostolical Chancery:
+
+ "Fide Deo--dic saepe preces--peccare caveto--
+    Sit humilis--pacem delige--magna fuge--
+  Multa audi--dic pauca--tace secreta--minori
+    Parcito--majori cedito--ferto parem.
+  Propria fac--non differ opus--sis aequas egeno--
+    Parta tuere--pati disce--memento mori."
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+_Hour-glass Stand_ (Vol. vii., p. 489.; Vol. viii., pp. 82. 209.
+328.).--There is an hour-glass stand attached to the right-hand side of the
+pulpit of Edingthorpe Church, Norfolk. The date of the pulpit is 1632.
+
+I. L. S.
+
+_Bulstrode Whitlock and Whitelocke Bulstrode_ (Vol. viii., p.
+293.).--Bulstrode Whitlock was the son of Sir James Whitlock, Kt., by
+Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Bulstrode, of Hedgley-Bulstrode, in the
+county of Buckingham; and Whitelocke Bulstrode was the son of Sir Richard,
+eldest son of the above-mentioned Edward Bulstrode. (See _Lives of the
+Lords Chancellors, &c_., by an Impartial Hand, vol. ii p. 1.; and
+Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_.)
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Movable Metal Types anno 1435_ (Vol. vii., p. 405.).--Although I am not
+able to give any information concerning Sister Margarite, or the convent at
+Mur, I yet may observe, 1st, that the last three letters of the legend - -
+K can hardly refer to Laurens Janzroon Coster, for his name in 1435 was
+never spelt with K, but always with C; and, besides, if a proper name be
+here intended, it will certainly be that of the binder. 2ndly, that in the
+catalogue of the Haarlem City Library, from p. 77. to 112., mention is made
+of six works, which, though bearing no date, were, it is more than
+probable, printed with movable metal types before 1435. One of these,
+_Aelii Donati Grammaticae Latinae Fragmenta duo_, was printed before 1425,
+and the writer of the catalogue adds in his notes:
+
+    "Ipsos typos, quibus hae lamellae sunt excusae, fuisse _mobiles_, cum
+    nonnullae literae inversae evidenter testantur, tum omnium expertissimorum
+    typographorum reique typographicae peritissimorum arbitrum, qui has
+    lacinias contemplati sunt, unanima et constans affirmavit sententia.
+    Quin et _fusos_ eos esse perhibuerunt plurimi, et in his Koningius,
+    magno quamvis studio negaverat typorum ligneorum mobilium acerrimus
+    propugnator Meermannus."
+
+From the _Navorscher_. CONSTANTEE.
+
+_Oaken Tombs_ (Vol. vii., p. 528.; Vol. viii., p. 179.).--In the chancel of
+Brancepeth Church, co. Durham, are oaken effigies of a Lord and Lady
+Neville, of which the following is a description. The figure of the man is
+in a coat of mail, the hands elevated with gauntlets, wearing his casque,
+which rests on a bull's or buffalo's head, a collar round his neck studded
+with gems, and on the breast a shield with the arms of Neville. The female
+figure has a high crowned bonnet, and the mantle is drawn close over the
+feet, which rest on two dogs couchant. The tomb is ornamented with small
+figures of ecclesiastics at prayer, but is without inscription. Leland
+(_Itin._, i. 80.) says:
+
+    "In the paroche church of Saint Brandon, at Branspeth, be dyvers tumbes
+    of the Nevilles. In the quire is a high tumbe, of one of them porturid
+    with his wife. This Neville lakkid heires male, wherapoan great
+    concertation rose betwixt the next heire male, and one the Gascoynes."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+_Stafford Knot_ (Vol. viii., p. 220.).--It was the badge or cognisance of
+the house of Stafford, Earls of Stafford.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Hand in Bishop's Cannings Church_ (Vol. viii., p. 269.).--See an article
+on this "Manus Meditationis," with a copy of the inscription, in the
+_Ecclesiologist_, vol. v. p. 150.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Arms of Richard, King of the Romans_ (Vol. viii, p.265.).--I think it
+might be proved that the border refers not to Poitou (which is represented
+{455} by the crowned lion), but to Cornwall, the ancient feudal arms of
+which are _Sable, fifteen bezants_, referring, as it would seem, to its
+metallic treasures. See an article on the numerous arms derived from those
+of this Richard, in the appendix to Mr. Lower's _Curiosities of Heraldry_.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Burial in an erect Position_ (Vol. viii., pp. 59. 233.).--So Ben Jonson
+was buried at Westminster, probably on account of the large fee demanded
+for a full-sized grave. It was long supposed by many that the story was
+invented to account for the smallness of the gravestone; but the grave
+being opened a few years ago, the dramatist's remains were discovered in
+the attitude indicated by tradition.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+In the _Ingoldsby Legends_, vol. i. p. 106., we have:
+
+ "No!--Tray's humble tomb would look but shabby
+ 'Mid the sculptured shrines of that gorgeous Abbey.
+      Besides, in the place
+      They say there's not space
+  To bury what wet-nurses call 'a Babby.'
+  Even 'rare Ben Jonson,' that famous wight,
+  I am told, is interr'd there bolt upright,
+  In just such a posture, beneath his bust,
+  As Tray used to sit in to beg for a crust."
+
+Is there any authority for the statement?
+
+ERICA.
+
+_Wooden Effigies_ (Vol. viii., p. 255.).--These are by no means uncommon,
+though it is to be feared that many have perished within comparatively
+recent times. In the church of Clifton Reynes, Bucks, there are wooden
+effigies of two knights of the Reynes family with their wives.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_Wedding Divination_ (Vol. vii., p. 545.).--The following mediaeval
+superstition may be quoted as a pretty exact parallel of the _wedding
+divination_ alluded to by OXONIENSIS. It is from Wright's selection of
+Latin stories of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Harl. MS. 463.:--
+
+    "Vidi in quibusdam partibus, quando mulieres nubebant, et de ecclesia
+    redibant, in ingressu domus in faciem corum frumentum projiciebant,
+    clamantes: 'Abundantia! Abundantia!' quod Gallice dicitur _plente_,
+    _plente_; et tamen plerumque, antequam annus transiret, pauperes
+    mendici remanebant et abundantia omni bonorum carebant."
+
+H. C. K.
+
+---- Rectory, Hereford.
+
+_Old Fogie_ (Vol. viii., p. 154.).--If it will throw any additional light
+on the controversy as to "fogie," I may add that for a long period of years
+I have heard it applied only to the discharged invalided pensioners of the
+army. On a late Queen's birthday review on the _Green_, the boys and girls
+were in ecstasies at seeing the "old fogies" dressed out in new suits. It
+is very often spoken derisively to a thick-headed stupid person, but which
+cannot determine accurately its primary signification.
+
+G. N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+Notes on Books, Etc.
+
+The noble President of the Society of Antiquaries is fast bringing to
+completion the cheaper and revised edition of his _History of England from
+the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles_, 1713-1783. The sixth
+volume, which is now before us, embraces the eventful six years 1774-1780,
+which saw the commencement of the great struggle with America, which ended
+in the independence of the United States. In this, as in his preceding
+volumes, the new materials which Lord Mahon has been so fortunate as to
+collect from the family papers of the representatives of the political
+leaders of the period, and which he has inserted in his appendix,
+contribute very materially to the value and importance of his history.
+
+_Cheshire; its Historical and Literary Associations, illustrated in a
+series of Biographical Sketches;_ and _The Cheshire and Lancashire
+Historical Collector_, a small 8vo. sheet originally issued every month,
+but now every fortnight, in consequence of increase of materials, and the
+great encouragement which the undertaking has received, are two
+contributions towards Cheshire topography, local history, bibliography,
+&c., for which the good men of the Palatinate are indebted to the zeal of
+Mr. T. Worthington Barlow, of the Society of Gray's Inn.
+
+It is always a subject of gratification to us when we see cheap yet
+handsome reprints of our standard authors; for no better proof can be given
+of the increase among us not only of a reading public, but of a public who
+are disposed to read well. It is therefore with no small pleasure that we
+have received from Mr. Routledge copies of his five shilling edition of
+_The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, from the Text, and with the
+Notes and Glossary of Thomas Tyrwhitt, condensed and arranged under the
+Text_. It is obvious that considerable labour has been taken by the editor
+in its preparation, for he has not contented himself with merely
+transferring the contents of Tyrwhitt's Notes and Glossary to their proper
+places beneath the text; but has availed himself of the labours of Messrs.
+Craik, Saunders, Sir H. Nicolas, and our able correspondent A. E. B., to
+give completeness to what is a very useful edition of old Dan Chaucer's
+masterpiece. We have to thank the same publisher for a corresponding
+edition of Spenser's _Faerie Queene_; so that no lover of those two
+glorious old poets need any longer want a cheap and compact edition of
+them.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_History of the Guillotine, revised from the Quarterly
+Review_, by the Right Hon. J. W. Croker, which forms the new part of
+Murray's _Railway {456} Reading_, is not only valuable as a _precis_ of all
+that is known upon this very obscure subject, but for all its illustration
+of the difficulty of arriving at historical truth.--_A Love Story; being
+the History of the Courtship and Marriage of Dr. Dove of Doncaster_, that
+delightful episode in Southey's most delightful book, _The Doctor_, forms
+Part L. of Longman's _Traveller's Library_.--_The First Italian Book_
+appears a very successful attempt on the part of Signor Pifferi and Mr.
+Dawson W. Turner to furnish a companion to the _First French Book_ of that
+accomplished scholar, the late Rev. T. K. Arnold.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+TORRIANO PIAZZA UNIVERSALE DI PROVERBI ITALIANI. London, 1668. Folio.
+
+BIBLIOTHECA TOPOGRAPHICA BRITANNICA. Vol. IX.
+
+ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA. 7th Edition. Vol. XXII., Part 2.
+
+EXAMINER (Newspaper), No. 2297, February 7, 1853.
+
+WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE: A Biography, by Charles Knight (First Edition).
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+CHAPMAN'S ARCHITECTURIAE NAVALES MERCATURIAE. 1768. Folio. Published in
+Sweden.
+
+    Wanted by _Robert Stewart_, Bookseller, Paisley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TWO DIALOGUES IN THE ELYSIAN FIELDS, BETWEEN CARD. WOLSEY AND CARD.
+XIMENES. To which are added Historical Accounts of Wolsey's two Colleges
+and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove. London, 1761. 8vo.
+
+    Wanted by _W. S. Fitch_, Ipswich.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADDISON'S WORKS. First Edition.
+
+JONES' (OF HOYLAND) WORKS. 13 Vols. 8vo.
+
+WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPT. Vols. IV. and V.
+
+BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. 3 Vols. 8vo.
+
+    Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+KANT'S LOGIC, translated by John Richardson.
+
+HISTORIC CERTAINTIES by Aristarchus Newlight.
+
+SONGS--"The Boatmen shout." Attwood. "Ah! godan lor felicita" (Faust).
+Spohr.
+
+    Wanted by _C. Mansfield Ingleby_, Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SPECTATOR, printed by Alex. Lawrie & Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II.,
+III., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+    Wanted by _J. T. Cheetham_, Firwood, Chadderton, near Oldham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OXFORD ALMANACK for 1719.
+
+AMOENITATES ACADEMICAE. Vol. I. Holmiae, 1749.
+
+BROURAE HIST. NAT. JAMAICAE. London, 1756. Folio.
+
+AMMANUS I. STIRPES RARIORES. Petrop. 1739.
+
+PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683.
+
+ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY for January, 1824.
+
+A POEM UPON THE MOST HOPEFUL AND EVER-FLOURISHING SPROUTS OF VALOUR, THE
+INDEFATIGABLE CENTRYS OF THE PHYSIC GARDEN.
+
+POEM UPON MR. JACOB BOBART'S YEWMEN OF THE GUARDS TO THE PHYSIC GARDEN, TO
+THE TUNE OF "THE COUNTER-SCUFFLE." Oxon. 1662.
+
+    The above two Ballads are by Edmund Gayton.
+
+    Wanted by _H. T. Bobart_, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PEYRAN'S COPTIC LEXICON.
+
+MURE ON THE CALENDAR AND ZODIACS OF ANCIENT EGYPT.
+
+GLADWIN'S PERSIAN MOONSHEE. 4to.
+
+JONES'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY (the 8vo. Edition). The Volume containing
+Herodotus, Vol. I.
+
+THE CHRONICLES OF LONDON. 1827.
+
+    Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to the length of_ PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S _very interesting article
+and the number of our Advertisements, we have enlarged our present Number
+to Thirty-two pages._
+
+BOOKS WANTED. _So many of our Correspondents seem disposed to avail
+themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers in direct communication
+with them, that we find ourselves compelled to limit each list of books to
+two insertions. We would also express a hope that those gentlemen who may
+at once succeed in obtaining any desired volumes will be good enough to
+notify the same to us, in order that such books may not unnecessarily
+appear in such list even a second time._
+
+_The letters for_ A. Z., MR. DEMAYNE, MR. F. CROSSLEY, &c., _have been duly
+forwarded._
+
+X. Y. Z. _We have no doubt the early numbers of_ The Press _may be procured
+on application to the publisher of that paper._
+
+F. M. _The passage in_ King John,
+
+                     "My face so thin
+  That in my ear I dare not stick a rose,
+  Lest men should say, See where threefarthings goes!"
+
+_contains an allusion to the_ very thin _silver threefarthing pieces,
+coined by Elizabeth, which bore a rose. In Boswell's Shakspeare_ (ed.
+1821), vol. XV. p. 209., _will be found nearly two pages of illustrative
+notes._
+
+A CONSTANT READER _is informed that the line_
+
+ "Men are but children of a larger growth"
+
+_is from Dryden's_ All for Love.
+
+J. L. (Islington). DR. DIAMOND _informs us that he procured his naphtha
+from Messrs. Simpson and Maule, of Kennington, but he would not advise the
+use of varnish so made. It is apt to dry up in round spots, and which
+sometimes print from the negative. He also adds, that one ounce of the
+collodio-amber varnish as recommended by him will, with care, from its
+great fluidity and ready-flowing qualities, effectually varnish upwards of
+thirty glass negatives of the quarter plate size: thus the real expense is
+very inconsiderable._
+
+F. S. A. _Photography is perfectly applicable to the copying of MSS. or
+printed leaves, either smaller, of the same size, or larger than the
+original, the only requisite beyond a good lens being a camera of
+sufficient length for a long focus. A plain surface exposed in front of a
+lens requires a range behind it of the same distance to produce an equal
+size copy; a magnified image being produced by a nearer approach to the
+lens, and a smaller the farther the object is distant. Prints are often
+copied by mere contact, without the use of any lens whatever. As a brother
+F. S. A.,_ DR. DIAMOND _will be happy to give you some personal
+instructions as to your requirements._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a
+Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;
+also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new
+warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture
+Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment
+complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.-- Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chanbers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On the 1st November, 16 pp. crown 4to., price Threehalfpence.
+
+THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE.
+
+A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, &c., &c., devoted
+to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social Elevation of the Working
+Classes. Under the Superintendence of a Committee.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{457}
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following articles:--1.
+Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Parish Girl, a Poem: by the Rev.
+John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgcumbes of the Olden Time, by Mrs. Bray,
+Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer's Pantropheon. 5. Notes on
+Mediaeval Art in France and Germany, by J. G. Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg,
+Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the White Horse of Saxony and
+Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq., Garter. 7. The Campaigns of
+1793-95 in Flanders and Holland. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:
+Counsels' Fees and Lawyers' Bills: Shops in Westminster Hall: The Family of
+Phipps: Mr. John Knill of St. Ive's: Antiquity of the Mysterious Word
+"Wheedle." With Notes of the Month: Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews;
+Reports of the Archaeological Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
+Wiltshire, Somersetshire, Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and
+OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord Anderson, Right Hon. Sir
+Frederick Adam, Adm. Sir Charles Adam, James Dodsley Cuff, Esq., Mr.
+Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOLUME I. IS NOW READY,
+
+Price only 6s., of the
+
+CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+New, Revised, and Enlarged Edition, comprising all the Important Additional
+Notes, Letters, and other Illustrations.
+
+To be completed in FOUR MONTHLY VOLUMES, price only 6s. each bound. Printed
+uniformly with the last Edition of Pepys's "Diary."
+
+    "We rejoice to welcome this beautiful and compact edition of Evelyn:
+    one of the most valuable and interesting works in the language, now
+    deservedly regarded as an English classic."--_Examiner._
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his successors HURST & BLACKETT, 15. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER. West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham: H.
+C. LANGBRIDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LEEDS LIBRARY.
+
+LIBRARIAN.--Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent to
+undertake the duties of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution
+consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is
+employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10 A.M. to 8 P.M.
+daily, with an interval of two hours. Salary 120l. a year. Applications,
+with Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not
+later than 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9. Park
+Row, Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally
+acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal
+scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no
+preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where
+a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in
+separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to
+any Climate. Full instructions for use.
+
+CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD
+W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware
+purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label
+bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL
+MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals; and may be procured of
+all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through
+MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95.
+Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS FOR SINGING. 5s.
+
+HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PIANOFORTE. Forty-sixth Edition. 4s.
+
+HAMILTON'S DICTIONARY OF 3500 MUSICAL TERMS. Forty-second Edition. 1s.
+
+CLARKE'S CATECHISM OF THE RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC. Thirtieth Edition. 1s.
+
+    "These works are all favorites with professors, because they are
+    favourites with the pupils. Few know how to write a book of
+    instruction; but Hamilton did, because he knew thoroughly well how to
+    teach. The extreme popularity of these works (as may be noticed from
+    the number of editions they have passed through) has called forth many
+    imitations; but everybody will like the original, or prototype, rather
+    than the copy. The Dictionary is famous as the most copious and correct
+    extant; and the little catechism is as clever as it is
+    unpretentious."--Vide _Reading Mercury_, Oct. 22.
+
+ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Library of an eminent Scholar.--Six Days' Sale.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Monday, November 14th,
+and Five following Days, a Large Collection of valuable Books, the Library
+of an eminent Scholar deceased, consisting of Historical and Critical Works
+in various Languages, Classics, Scientific Works, Books of Prints, &c. The
+whole in choice condition. Catalogues will be sent on application (if in
+the country on receipt of Six Stamps).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO COLLECTORS OF AUTOGRAPHS AND MSS.--The following Documents are Missing,
+viz. Some Family Papers relative to the Second Marriage of the Duke of
+Somerset in 1725; other Letters on the Death of the Duke's Grandson;
+Autograph Notes of George III. to Charles, Earl of Egremont, in 1762 and
+1763; a Letter of Charles II.; a Particular of the Duchess of Somerset's
+Debts, 1692; Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson; a Letter of Lord
+Lyttleton, with Complimentary Verses, dated Jan. 1, 1761, &c. Any
+information relating to the preceding will be thankfully received, and a
+liberal reward paid on restoration of the papers.
+
+Apply to MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON. Auctioneers of Literary Property, 191.
+Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{458}
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society,
+
+52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
+
+_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._
+
+THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:
+
+The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.
+
+Exemption of the Assured from All Liability.
+
+Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.
+
+Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.
+
+In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided
+amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum
+assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.
+
+No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on
+Capital, for Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.
+
+POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud.
+
+At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
+nearly TWO PER CENT. per annum on the amount assured, or at the rate of
+from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_.
+
+POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid.
+
+Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.
+
+The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by
+applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of
+the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be
+obtained.
+
+CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages
+offered by this Society are Security, Economy, and lower Rates of Premium
+than most other Offices.
+
+No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable.
+
+Loans granted to Policy-holders.
+
+For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as
+20l., at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.
+
+Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to
+
+HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
+this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with
+perfect Security.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+  PETER MORRISON,
+  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of
+
+PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other traveling requisites. Gratis on
+application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers. 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases. 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers. 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
+liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia
+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+    "Bonn, July 19. 1852.
+
+    "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,
+    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of
+    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys
+    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp
+    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
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