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diff --git a/27005.txt b/27005.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2541e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/27005.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3415 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 206, October 8, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 206, October 8, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27005] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{333} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 206.] +SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Notes on Newspapers: "The Times," Daily Press + &c., by H. M. Bealby 333 + "In quietness and confidence shall be your strength," + by Joshua G. Fitch 335 + Binders of the Volumes in the Harleian Library 335 + French Verse, by Thos. Keightley 336 + A Spanish Play-bill, by William Robson 336 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by Robert Rawlinson, + C. Mansfield Ingleby, &c. 336 + + MINOR NOTES:--Injustice, its Origin--Two Brothers + of the same Christian Name--Female Parish Clerk 338 + + QUERIES:-- + Descendants of Milton 339 + An anxious Query from the Hymmalayas 339 + + MINOR QUERIES:--"De la Schola de Sclavoni"--Mineral + Acids--Richard Geering--Stipendiary + Curates--Our Lady of Rounceval--Roden's Colt--Sir + Christopher Wren and the Young Carver--Vellum + Cleaning--Dionysia in Boeotia--Poll Tax + in 1641--Thomas Chester Bishop Of Elphin, 1580--Rev. + Urban Vigors--Early English MSS.--Curing + of Henry IV.--Standard of Weights and Measures--Parish + Clerks' Company--Orange Blossom--Mr. + Pepys his Queries--Foreign Medical Education 339 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Chandler, Bishop + of Durham--Huggins and Muggins--Balderdash--Lovell, + Sculptor--St. Werenfrid and Butler's "Lives + of the Saints" 341 + + REPLIES:-- + + Sir W. Hankford--Gascoigne's Tomb, by Mr. Foss, &c. 342 + Translation of the Prayer Book into French 343 + Praying to the West 343 + Jacob Bobart, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 344 + Early Use of Tin.--Derivation of the Name of Britain, + by the Rev. Dr. Hincks and Fras. Crossley 344 + Yew-trees in Churchyards, by J. G. Cumming, Wm. + W. King, &c. 346 + Stars are the Flowers of Heaven, by W. Fraser 346 + Books burned by the common Hangman, by John S. Burn, &c. 346 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Angles--Mr. + Pumphrey's Process for securing black Tints + in Positives 348 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Baskerville the Printer--Lines + on Woman--Haulf-naked--Cambridge and Ireland-- + Autobiographical Sketch--Archbishop Chichely--"Discovery of + the Inquisition"--Divining Rod--"Pinece with a stink"-- + Longevity--Chronograms--Heraldic Notes--Christian Names-- + "I put a spoke in his wheel"--Judges styled Reverend--Palace + at Enfield--Sir John Vanbrugh--Greek Inscription on a + Font--"Fierce"--Giving Quarter--Sheriffs of Glamorganshire-- + "When the maggot bites"--Connexion between the Celtic and + Latin Languages--Bacon's Essays, &c. 349 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 354 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 354 + Notices to Correspondents 354 + Advertisements 355 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +NOTES ON NEWSPAPERS: "THE TIMES," DAILY PRESS, ETC. + +A newspaper, rightly conducted, is a potent power in promoting the +well-being of universal man. It is also a highly moral power--for it +quickens mind everywhere, and puts in force those principles which tend to +lessen human woe, and to exalt and dignify our common humanity. The daily +press, for the most part, aims to correct error--whether senatorial, +theological, or legal. It pleads in earnest tones for the removal of public +wrong, and watches with a keen eye the rise and fall of great interests. It +teaches with commanding power, and makes its influence felt in the palace +of the monarch, as well as through all classes of the community. It helps +on, in the path of honorable ambition, the virtuous and the good. It never +hesitates or falters, however formidable the foe. It never crouches, +however injurious to itself the free and undisguised utterance of some +truths may be. It is outspoken. When the nation requires them, it is bold +and fearless in propounding great changes, though they may clash with the +expectations of a powerful class. It heeds the reverses to which a nation +is subjected, and turns them to good account. It does not abuse its power, +and is never menaced. It is unshackled, and therefore has a native growth. +It looks on the movements of the wide world calmly, deliberately, and +intelligently. We believe the independency of the daily press can never be +bribed, or its patronage won by unlawful means. Its mission is noble, and +the presiding sentiment of the varied intellect employed upon it is "the +greatest good to the greatest number." It never ceases in its operations. +It is a perpetual thing: always the same in many of its aspects, and yet +always new. It is untiring in its efforts, and unimpeded in its career. We +look for it every day with an unwavering confidence, with an almost +absolute certainty. Power and freshness are its principal characteristics; +and with these it combines a healthy tone, a fearless courage, and an +invincible determination. That it has its imperfections, we do not +deny--and what agency is {334} without them? It is not free from error, and +no estate of the realm can be. The purity of the public press will be +increased as Christianity advances. There is no nation in the world which +can boast of a press so moral, and so just, as the daily newspaper press of +Great Britain. The victories it achieves are seen and felt by all: and when +compared with the newspaper press of other countries, it has superior +claims to our admiration and regard. + +Taking _The Times_ as the highest type of that class of newspapers which we +denominate the daily press, these remarks will more particularly apply. The +history of such a paper, and its wonderful career, is not sufficiently +known, and its great commercial and intellectual power not adequately +estimated. The extinction of such a journal (could we suppose such a +thing,) would be a public calamity. Its vast influence is felt throughout +the civilised world; and we believe _that_ influence, generally speaking, +is on the side of right, and for the promotion of the common weal. It is +strange that such an organ of public sentiment should have been charged +with the moral turpitude of receiving bribes. That it should destroy its +reputation, darken its fair fame, and undermine the very foundation of its +prosperity, by a course so degrading, we find it impossible to believe. We +feel assured it is far removed from everything of the kind: that its course +is marked by great honesty of purpose, and its exalted aim will never allow +it to stoop to anything so beneath the dignity of its character, and so +repugnant to every sense of rectitude and propriety. It is no presumption +to assert that, under such overt influences, it remains unmoved and +immovable; and to reiterate a remark made in the former part of this +article, "its independency can never be bribed, or its patronage won by +unlawful means." Looking at it in its colossal strength, and with its +omnipotent power (for truth is omnipotent), it may be classed, without any +impropriety, among the wonders of the world. + +Allow me to give to the readers of "N. & Q." the following facts in +connexion with _The Times_, and on the subject of newspapers generally. +They are deserving of a place in your valuable journal. There were sold of +_The Times_ on Nov. 19, 1852, containing an account of the Duke of +Wellington's funeral, 70,000 copies: these were worked off at the rate of +from 10,000 to 12,000 an hour. _The Times_ of Jan. 10, 1806, with an +account of the funeral of Lord Nelson, is a small paper compared with _The +Times_ of the present day. Its size is nineteen inches by thirteen: having +about eighty advertisements, and occupying, with woodcuts of the coffin and +funeral car, a space of fifteen inches by nine. Nearly fifty years have +elapsed since then, and now the same paper frequently publishes a double +supplement, which, with the paper itself, contains the large number of +about 1,700 advertisements.[1] 54,000 copies of _The Times_ were sold when +the Royal Exchange was opened by the Queen; 44,500 at the close of Rush's +trial. 1828, the circulation of _The Times_ was under 7,000 a day; now its +average circulation is about 42,000 a day, or 12,000,000 annually.[2] The +gross proceeds of _The Times_, in 1828, was about 45,000l. a year: and, +from an article which appeared twelve months ago in its columns, it now +enjoys a gross income equal to that of a flourishing German principality. + +We believe we are correct when we assert, that there were sold of the +_Illustrated London News_, with a narrative of the Duke's funeral (a double +number), 400,000 copies. One newsman is said to have taken 1000 quires +double number, or 2000 quires single number: making 27,000 double papers, +or 54,000 single papers (twenty-seven papers being the number to a quire), +and for which he must have paid 1075l.[3] It is a remarkable fact, that +Manchester, with a population of 400,000, has but three newspapers; +Liverpool, with 367,000, eleven; Glasgow, with 390,000, sixteen; Dublin, +with but 200,000, no less than twenty-two. The largest paper ever known was +published some years ago by Brother Jonathan, and called the _Boston +Notion_. The head letters stand two inches high; the sheet measures five +feet ten inches by four feet one inch, being about twenty-four square feet; +it is a double sheet, with ten columns in each page; making in all eighty +columns, containing 1,000,000 letters, and sold for 31/2d. In the good old +times, one of the earliest provincial newspapers in the southern part of +the kingdom was printed by a man named Mogridge, who used to insert the +intelligence from Yorkshire under the head "Foreign News." + +It is curious to search a file of old newspapers. It is seldom we have the +opportunity of doing so, because we rarely preserve them in consecutive +order. It is easy to keep them, and would repay the trouble, and their +value would increase as years rolled on. Such reading would be very +interesting, and more so than we can at all imagine. It is a history of +every day, and a record of a people's sayings and doings. It throws us back +on the past, and makes forgotten times live again. Some of the early +volumes of _The Times_ newspaper, for instance, would be a curiosity in +their {335} way. We should read them with special interest, as reflecting +the character of the age in which they appeared, and as belonging to a +series exercising a mighty influence in moulding and guiding the commercial +and political opinions of this great nation. The preservation of a +newspaper, if it be but a weekly one, will become a source of instruction +and amusement to our descendants in generations to come. + +H. M. BEALBY. + +North Brixton. + +[Footnote 1: The largest number of advertisements in one paper with a +double supplement was in June last, 2,250.] + +[Footnote 2: The quantity of paper used for _The Times_ with a single +supplement is 126 reams, each ream weighing 92 lbs., or 7 tons weight of +paper; with a double supplement, 168 reams.] + +[Footnote 3: During the week of the Duke's funeral, there were issued by +the Stamp Office to the newspaper press more than 2,000,000 of stamps.] + + * * * * * + +"IN QUIETNESS AND CONFIDENCE SHALL BE YOUR STRENGTH." + +There is an old house in the "Dom Platz," at Frankfort, in which Luther +lived for some years. A bust of him in relief is let into the outer wall; +it is a grim-looking ungainly effigy, coarsely coloured, and of very small +pretensions as a work of art; but evidently of a date not much later than +the time of the great Iconoclast. Round the figure, the following words are +deeply cut: "In silentio et in spe, erit fortitudo vestra." Can any of your +readers tell me whether any particular circumstance of Luther's life led +him to adopt this motto, or otherwise identified it with his name; or +whether the text was merely selected by some admirer after his death, to +garnish this memorial? + +In either case it is not uninteresting to notice, that this passage of +Scripture has been employed more than any other as the watchword of that +religious movement in the English Church which we are accustomed to +associate with Oxford and the year 1833. It forms the motto on the +title-page of the _Christian Year_; it has been very conspicuous in the +writings of many eminent defenders of the same school of theology, and it +is thus alluded to by Dr. Pusey in the preface to that celebrated sermon on +the Eucharist, for which he received the University censure: + + "Since I can now speak in no other manner, I may in this way utter one + word to the young, to whom I have heretofore spoken from a more solemn + place; I would remind them how almost prophetically, sixteen years ago, + in the volume which was the unknown dawn and harbinger of the + re-awakening of deeper truth, this was given as the watchword to those + who should love the truth, 'In quietness and confidence shall be your + strength.' There have been manifold tokens that patience is the one + great grace which God is now calling forth in our church," &c. + +I will not here inquire which of the two great religious revolutions I have +mentioned has been more truly characterised by the spirit of this beautiful +and striking text, but perhaps some of your readers will agree with me in +thinking that the coincidence is at least a note-worthy one; and not the +less so, because it was probably undesigned. + +JOSHUA G. FITCH. + + * * * * * + +BINDERS OF THE VOLUMES IN THE HARLEIAN LIBRARY. + +In Dr. Dibdin's _Bibliographical Decameron_, 1817, vol. ii. p. 503., he +thus introduces the subject: + + "The commencement of the eighteenth century saw the rise and progress + of the rival libraries of Harley and Sunderland. What a field, + therefore, was here for the display of the bibliopegistic art! Harley + usually preferred red morocco, with a broad border of gold, and the + fore-edges of the leaves without colour or gilt. Generally speaking, + the Harleian volumes are most respectably bound; but they have little + variety, and the style of art which they generally exhibit rather + belongs to works of devotion." + +In a note on the above passage, Dibdin adds: + + "I have often consulted my bibliomaniacal friends respecting the name + of the binder or binders of the Harleian Library. Had Bagford or Wanley + the chief direction? I suspect the _latter_." + +If Dr. Dibdin and his "bibliomaniacal friends" had not preferred the easy +labour of looking at printed title-pages to the rather more laborious task +of examining manuscripts, they might readily have solved the Query thus +raised by referring to Wanley's _Autograph Diary_, preserved in the +Lansdowne Collection, Nos. 771, 772, which proves that the binders employed +by Lord Oxford were Christopher Chapman of Duck Lane, and Thomas Elliot. +Very many entries occur between January 1719-20 and May 1726, relative to +the binding both of manuscripts and books in morocco and calf; and it +appears, in regard to the former material, that it was supplied by Lord +Oxford himself. Some of these entries will show the jealous care exercised +by honest Humphrey Wanley over the charge committed to him. + + "25th January, 1719-20. This day having inspected Mr. Elliot's bill, I + found him exceedingly dear in all the work of Morocco, Turkey, and + Russia leather, besides that of velvet. + + "28th January, ----. Mr. Elliot the bookbinder came, to whom I produced + the observations I made upon his last bill, showing him that (without + catching at every little matter) my Lord might have had the same work + done as well and cheaper, by above 31l. He said that he could have + saved above eight pounds in the fine books, and yet they should have + looked well. That he now cannot do them so cheap as he rated them at; + that no man can do so well as himself, or near the rates I set against + his. But, upon the whole, said he would write to my Lord upon the + subject. + + "13th July, 1721. Mr. Elliot having clothed the CODEX AVREVS in my + Lord's Morocco leather, took the same from hence this day, in order to + work upon it with his best tools; which, he says, he can do with much + more convenience at his house than here. + + "19th January, 1721-22. Mr. Chapman came, and received three books for + present binding. And upon {336} his request I delivered (by order) six + Morocco skins to be used in my Lord's service. He desires to have them + at a cheap price, and to bind as before. I say that my Lord will not + turn leather-seller, and therefore he must bring hither his proposals + for binding with my Lord's Morocco skins; otherwise his Lordship will + appoint some other binder to do so. + + "17th September, 1725. Mr. Elliot brought the parcel I last delivered + unto him, but took one back to amend a blunder in the lettering. He + said that he has used my Lord's doe-skin upon six books, and that they + may serve instead of calf; only the grain is coarser, like that of + sheep, and this skin was tanned too much. + + "23rd December, 1725. Mr. Chapman came, but I gave him no work; chiding + him for being so slow in my Lord's former business, which he had + frequently postponed, that he might serve the booksellers the sooner." + +[mu]. + + * * * * * + +FRENCH VERSE. + +In the _Diary of T. Moore_ I lately read, with some surprise, the following +passages: + + "Attended watchfully to her [Mdlle Duchesnois] recitative, and find + that in nine verses out of ten 'A cobbler there was, and he lived in a + stall' is the tune of the French heroics."--April 24, 1821. + + "Two lines I met in Athalie; how else than according to the 'Cobbler + there was,' &c., can they be repeated? + + 'N'a pour servir sa cause et venger ses injures, + Ni le coeur assez droit, ni les mains assez pures.'"--May 30, 1821. + +Now, if this be the mode of reading these lines, I confess all my ideas are +erroneous with respect to French poetry. I have always considered that +though hemistichs and occasionally whole lines occur in it, which bear a +resemblance to the Spanish Versos de Arte Mayor, the anapaestic measure of +"A Cobbler" is quite foreign to it. I may, however, be mistaken; and it is +in the hope of eliciting information on the subject that I send these few +remarks to "N. & Q." Should it appear that I am not wrong, I will on a +future occasion endeavour to develop my ideas of the French rhythm; a +subject that I cannot recollect to have seen treated in a satisfactory +manner in any French work. + +Bishop Tegner, the poet of Sweden, seems also to have differed in opinion +with Moore respecting the rhythm of French poetry, for he compares it to +the dancing of a deaf man, who forms his steps accurate, but who does not +keep time. Both are alike mistaken, in my opinion; and their error arises +from their judging French poetry by rules that are foreign to it. The +rhythm of French verse is peculiar, and differs from that of any other +language. + +THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + + * * * * * + +A SPANISH PLAY-BILL. + +Though not much a frequenter of theatres of late, I was recently induced, +by the flourishing public announcements, to go to Drury Lane Theatre; with +the chance, but scarcely in the hope, of seeing what I never yet have seen, +a perfect Othello. Alas! echo still answers _never yet_. But yours are not +the pages for dramatic criticism. + +As my bill lay before me, I could not help thinking what an execrably bad +taste our modern managers show in the extravagant and ridiculous +announcement of the splendour of the _star_ you come to contemplate! If Mr. +Brooke have great merit, he needs not all this sound of trumpets; if he +have it not, he is only rendered the more contemptible by it. I have some +of the play-bills of John Kemble's last performances before me, and there +is none of this fustian: the fact, the performance, and the name are simply +announced. If our taste improves in some respects, it does not in this; it +is a retrogression--a royal theatre sinking back into the booth of a fair. +Shakspeare's and Byron's texts have been converted into the showman's +explanations of panoramas: to what vile uses they may be next applied, +there is no guessing. Poor Shakspeare! how I have pitied him, and you too, +Mr. Editor, as I have seen him for so many months undergoing the operation +of the _teazle_ in "N. & Q.!" I hope there will be soon an end of this +"skimble stuff," "signifying nothing." + +But my observation upon the Drury Lane play-bill reminded me of one I have +in my common-place book; and, as a correspondent and reader of "N. & Q.," I +think it my duty to send it: + + _A Spanish Play-bill, exhibited at Seville_, 1762. + + "To the Sovereign of Heaven--to the Mother of the Eternal World--to the + Polar Star of Spain--to the Comforter of all Spain--to the faithful + Protectress of the Spanish Nation--to the Honour and Glory of the Most + Holy Virgin Mary--for her benefit, and for the Propagation of her + Worship--the company of Comedians will this day give a representation + of the Comic Piece called-- + + NANINE. + + The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango, and the Theatre + will be respectably illuminated." + +WILLIAM ROBSON. + +Stockwell. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_The Meteorology of Shakspeare._--A treatise might be written on +meteorology, and might be illustrated entirely by passages taken from the +writings of "the world's greatest poet." "N. & Q." may not be the fitting +medium for a lengthened treatise, but it is the most proper depository of a +few loose Notes on the subject. {337} Those who study Shakspeare should, to +understand him, thoroughly study Nature at the same time: but to our +meteorology. Recent observers have classified clouds as under: + + ______________________________________________________________ + |Howard's Latin | Foster's English | Local Names. | + |Nomenclature. | Names. | | + |_______________|_____________________|______________________| + |Cumulus. | Stackencloud. | Woolbag. | + |Cirrus. | Curlcloud. | Goatshair, Grey | + |Stratus. | Fallcloud. | Marestails. | + |Nimbus. | Raincloud. | | + |_______________|_____________________|______________________| + +There are composite forms of cloud, varieties of the above, which need not +be noticed here. The Cumulus is the parent cloud, and produces every other +form of cloud known, or which can exist. Mountain ranges and currents of +air of unequal temperatures may produce visible vapour, but not true cloud. + +_Cumulus._ This cloud is always formed at "the dew point." The vapour of +the lower atmosphere, at this elevation, is condensed, or rendered visible. +In fog the dew point is at the surface of the earth; in summer it may be +several thousands of feet above. The Cumulus cloud forms from below. The +invisible vapour of the lower atmosphere is condensed, parts with its +thousand degrees of latent heat, which rush upwards, forcing the vapour +into the vast hemispherical heaps of snowy, glittering clouds, which, seen +in midday, appear huge mountains of clouds; the "cloud-land" of the poet, +floating in liquid air. The Cumulus cloud is ever changing in form. +Cumulating from a level base, the top is mounting higher and higher, until +the excessive moisture is precipitated in heavy rain, hail, or thunder +showers. + +The tops of the Cumulus, carried away by the upper equatorial currents, +form the Cirrus clouds, which clouds must be frozen vapour, as they are +generally from twenty to thirty thousand feet above the level of the sea. +The base of the Cumulus is probably never more, in England, than five +thousand feet high, rarely this. The _Nimbus_ is the _Cumulus_ shedding its +vapour in rain; and the _Stratus_ is the partially exhausted and fading +Nimbus. + +Poets in all ages have watched the clouds with interest; and Shakspeare has +not only correctly described them, but has, in metaphor, used them in some +of his sublimest passages. Ariel will "ride on the curled clouds" to +Prospero's "strong bidding task" that is, ride on the highest Cirrus cloud, +in regions impassable to man. How admirably the raining Cumulus (Nimbus +cloud) is described in the same play: + + "_Trinculo._ Here's neither bush[4] nor shrub, to bear off any weather + at all, and another storm brewing. I hear it sing i' the wind: yond' + same black cloud, yond' huge one, looks like a foul[5] bumbard that + would shed his liquor ... + + ... Yond' same cloud cannot choose but fall by pailfuls." + +Hamlet points to a changing Cumulus cloud, when he says to Polonius, "Do +you see that cloud, that almost in shape like a camel?" + + "_Pol._ By the mass, and 'tis like a camel, indeed. + _Ham._ Methinks it is like a weasel. + _Pol._ It is back'd like a weasel. + _Ham._ Or like a whale? + _Pol._ Very like a whale." + +But the finest cloud passage in the whole range of literature is contained +in _Antony and Cleopatra_, painting, as it does, the fallen and wasting +state of the emperor (Act IV. Sc. 12.): + + "_Ant._ Eros, thou yet behold'st me? + _Eros._ Ay, noble lord! + _Ant._ Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish: + A vapour, sometime, like a bear, or lion, + A tower'd citadel, a pendant rock, + A forked mountain, or blue promontory + With trees upon't, that nod unto the world, + And mock our eyes with air. Thou hast seen these signs: + They are black vesper's pageants. + _Eros._ Ay, my lord. + _Ant._ That which is now a horse, even with a thought, + The rack dislimns; and makes it indistinct, + As water is in water. + _Eros._ It does, my lord. + _Ant._ My good knave, Eros, now thy captain is + Even such a body: here I am Antony; + Yet cannot hold this visible shape, my knave." + +Those who wish to understand this sublime passage must watch a bank of +Cumulus clouds at the western sky on a summer's evening. The tops of the +clouds must not be more than five or ten degrees above the apparent +horizon. There must also be a clear space upwards, and the sun fairly set +to the last stages of twilight. It will then be comprehended as to what is +meant by "black vesper's pageants," and Warton and Knight will no more +mislead by their note. It is only at "black vespers" that such a pageant +can be seen, when the liberated heat of the Cumulus cloud is forcing the +vapour into the grand or fantastic shapes indicated to the poet's eye and +mind. + +How truly does Antony read his own condition in the changing and perishable +clouds. Shakspeare names or alludes to the clouds in more than one hundred +passages, and the form of cloud is ever correctly indicated. Who does not +remember the {338} passages in _Romeo and Juliet_? Much more might be +written on this subject. + +ROBERT RAWLINSON. + +[Footnote 4: _Bush_, not brush, as misprinted in Knight's edition.] + +[Footnote 5: _Foul._ Surely this ought to be _full_. A foul bumbard might +be empty. "Foulness" and "shedding his liquor" are not necessarily +contingent; but fulness and overflowing are. A _full_ vessel, shaken, +cannot choose "but shed his liquor."] + + * * * * * + +At the Hull meeting of the British Association, Mr. Russell, farmer, +Kilwhiss, Fife, read a paper on "The Action of the Winds which veer from +the South-west to West, and North-west to North." This he wound up by a +reference to Shakspeare, which may be worthy of _noting_: + + "In concluding, I cannot help remarking that this circuit of the wind + from SW. by W. to NW. or N., from our insular position, imparts to our + climate its fickleness and inconstancy. How often will our brightest + sky become suffused by the blackest vapours on the slightest breach of + SW. wind, and the clouds will then disappear as speedily as they + formed, when the NW. upper current forces their stratum of moist air to + rise and mingle with the dryer current above. I do not know who first + noticed and recorded this change of the wind from SW. to NW., but the + regularity of the phenomenon must teach us that the law which it obeys + is part of a grand system, and invites us to trace its action. I do not + think it will be out of place to point out the fact that the great + English poet seems to have been quite familiar with this feature of our + weather, not only in its most striking manifestations in the autumn and + winter months, to which he especially refers, but even in its more + pleasant aspects of summer. Shakspeare likens the wind in this shifting + to an individual who pays his addresses in succession to two fair + ones--first he wooes the North, but in courting that frigid beauty a + difference takes place, whereupon he turns his back upon her and courts + the fair South. You will observe the lines are specially applied to the + winter season-- + + 'And more inconstant than the wind, who wooes + Even now the frozen bosom of the _north_, + And, being anger'd, puffs away from thence, + Turning this _face_ to the dew-dropping _south_.' + + --I am not aware that the philosophic truth contained in these lines + has ever before been pointed out. The beautiful lines which the poet, + in his prodigality, put into the mouth of one of his gay frolicsome + characters, the meaning of them he no doubt thought might have been + understood by every one; but his commentators do not seem to have done + so. In some editions turning his _side_ has been put for _face_, which + is feeble and unmeaning. And I do not think the recent emendation by + Mr. Collier on the text is any improvement, where _tide_ is substituted + for _face_, which impairs both the beauty and harmony of the metaphor." + +ANON. + + * * * * * + +_A Word for "the Old Corrector."_--Allow me, as an avowed enemy to "the Old +Corrector's" _novelties_, render "the Great Unknown" one act of justice. I +am convinced there are but two practically possible hypotheses, on which to +account for the MS. emendations: either the emendations were for the most +part made from some authoritative document, or they are parts of a modern +fabrication. No third supposition can be reasonably maintained. MR. +KNIGHT'S view, for example, gives no account of the _immense_ number of +coincidences with the conjectural emendations of the commentators. +Whichever of the two hypotheses be the true one, I need hardly say that MR. +COLLIER'S name is a sufficient guarantee for all honorable dealing, so far +as he is connected with the MS. corrections. + +Permit me farther to do an act of justice to MR. COLLIER himself. In my +note on a passage in _The Tempest_, I stated that _Mr. Collier_ had +overlooked a parallel passage in _Richard II._ It was I who had overlooked +MR. COLLIER'S supplemental note. However, I must add, that how MR. COLLIER +could persuade himself to print _heat_ for "cheek," in his "monovolume +edition," after he had seen the passage in _Richard II._, is utterly beyond +my power of comprehension. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Injustice, its Origin._--In looking through a file of papers a few days +since, I met with the following as being the origin of this term, and would +ask if it is correct? + + "When Nushervan the Just was out on a hunting excursion, his + companions, on his becoming fatigued, recommended him to rest, while + they should prepare him some food. There being no salt, a slave was + dispatched to the nearest village to bring some. But as he was going, + Nushervan said, 'Pay for the salt you take, in order that it may not + become a custom to rob, and the village ruined.' They said, 'What harm + will this little quantity do?' He replied, The _origin of injustice_ in + the world was at first small, but every one that came added to it, + until it reached its present magnitude.'" + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Two Brothers of the same Christian Name._--An instance of this occurs in +the family of Croft of Croft Castle. William Croft, Esq., of Croft Castle, +had issue Sir Richard Croft, Knight, his son and heir, the celebrated +soldier in the wars of the Roses, and Richard Croft, Esq., second son, +"who, by the description of Richard Croft the Younger, received a grant of +lands" in 1461. (_Retrospective Review_, 2nd Series, vol. i. p. 472.) + +TEWARS. + +_Female Parish Clerk._--In the parish register of Totteridge appears the +following: + + "1802, March 2. Buried, Elizabeth King, widow, for forty-six years + clerk of this parish, in the ninety-first year of her age."--_Burn on + Parish Registers_, 110. + +Is there any similar instance on record of a woman being a parish clerk? + +Y. S. M. + + * * * * * + + +{339} + +Queries. + +DESCENDANTS OF MILTON. + +It is well known that the issue of the poet became extinct in 1754, unless +they survived in the descendants of Caleb Clarke, the only son of Milton's +third daughter, Deborah. Caleb Clarke went out to Madras, and was parish +clerk at Fort St. George from 1717 to 1719. In addition to a daughter, who +died in infancy, he had two sons, Abraham and Isaac; of neither of whom is +anything known, except that the former married a person of the same surname +as himself; and had a daughter Mary, baptised in 1727. Sir James Mackintosh +made some ineffectual attempts to trace them, and came to the conclusion +that they had migrated to some other part of India. + +I am perhaps catching at a straw: but it is possible there may be something +more than a coincidence in the name of _Milton Clark_, who is spoken of in +the fourth chapter of the _Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin_ as brother to Lewis +Clark, the original of the character of George Harris. Perhaps some of your +transatlantic friends can inform us: + +1st. Whether there is, or has been, in use any system of assigning names to +slaves, which would account for their bearing the Christian and surname of +their owners or other free men, and thus lead to the inference that there +has been some free man of the name of Milton Clark. + +2nd. Whether there is any family in America of the name of Clark, in which +Milton, or even Abraham or Isaac, is known to have been adopted as a +Christian name; and, if so, whether there is any tradition in the family of +migration from India. + +J. F. M. + + * * * * * + +AN ANXIOUS QUERY FROM THE HYMMALAYAS. + +I was honoured, a few days ago, with a communication from India, which +contains a Query that is out of my power to answer. But being very +solicitous to do my best towards affording the desired information, I +bethought myself of sending the letter, _in extenso_, for insertion in your +very valuable and exceedingly useful miscellany. I venture to think that +you will agree with me, that the interesting nature of the communication +entitles it to a place in "N. & Q." As the letter speaks for itself, I +shall say no more about it, but proceed to transcribe the greatest part of +it at once. + + "Landour Academy, May 26th, 1853. + + "Rev. M. Margoliouth, + + "Sir,--I do not know in what terms to apologise to you for this + communication, especially as it may entail trouble on you, which can + result in my advantage alone. + + "I am a Jew, believing that Jesus is the Messiah; and I trust this will + induce you to assist me in my search after some of my relations whom I + believe to be in England. + + "I wrote to Dr. Adler, Chief Rabbi of the Jews in England, some years + ago, but his information was limited to some distant connexions, the + Davises, Isaacs, and Lewises, who still professed Judaism. Subsequent + inquiries discovered two uncles of mine, Charles Lewes and Mordan + Lewes, in London, who informed me that my grandfather, Isaac Levi, was + for ten years a clergyman of the Church of England, and had + congregation at Lynn, in Norfolk, and that he had published a tract + against Judaism. Beyond this I can get no farther information: my + uncles are either too poor or unwilling to prosecute their inquiries + any farther. Could you ascertain for me whether my grandfather left any + family, and if any member is still alive? My object is to discover + their existence, and to renew a correspondence which has been + interrupted for more than forty years. + + "I am the grandson of Isaac Levi, for many years dead, reader of a + congregation of Jews in London; my father, Benjamin Levi, is still + alive, and is with me. I keep a school at Landour, in the Hymmalayas, + in the north-western provinces of India. I have been led to write to + you after reading your _Pilgrimage to the Land of My Fathers_, and + seeing in it that you are the author of a work entitled _The Jews in + Great Britain_, which I have not seen, and concluding from this that if + any one can obtain information you can. + + "I send this letter to Messrs. Smith and Elder, booksellers, of + Cornhill, London, with a request to send it to you through your + publisher, Mr. R. Bentley," &c. &c. + +I do not feel justified in publishing the last two paragraphs in my +correspondent's letter, and have therefore omitted them. I shall feel +extremely obliged to any of the readers of "N. & Q." who could and would +help me to answer the anxious Query from the Hymmalayas. + +M. M. + +Wybunbury, Nantwich. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +"_De la Schola de Sclavoni._"--On a large marble slab at North Stoneham, +near Southampton, is the following, inscription: + + Ano Dni MCCCCLXXXI Sepvltvra de la Schola de Sclavoni." + +Is this the burial-place of the family of one of the foreign merchants +settled in this country, and can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." +give any information about it? + +JOHN S. BURN. + +_Mineral Acids._--As it is generally supposed that these powerful solvents +were not known anterior to circiter A.D. 1100, I should be glad to learn +what opinion is entertained by the learned concerning {340} the death of +the prophet Haken al Mokannah. This person is said to have disappeared in +785, or 163 of the Hejrah, by casting himself into a barrel of corrosive +fluids, which dissolved his body. Is it not the best supposition, that this +story was supposed by Khondemir and others, in more advanced ages of +science, to account for the fact of his having disappeared, and of his real +fate having never been ascertained? I have never seen this apparent +anticipation of chemical discoveries animadverted on. + +A. N. + +_Richard Geering._--Wanted, arms, pedigree, and particulars of the family +of Richard Geering, one of the six clerks in Chancery in Ireland from March +1700 to April 1735. One of his daughters, Prudence, married, in 1722, +Charles Coote, Esq., M.P., and by him was mother of the last Earl of +Bellamont. Another daughter, Susannah, was wife of Mr. Charles Wilson; who +was, it is believed, a connexion of the family of Ward of Newport, in +Shropshire. Any information about Mr. Wilson's ancestry would be very +acceptable. + +Y. S. M. + +_Stipendiary Curates._--What is the earliest mention of stipendiary curates +in our ecclesiastical establishment? And what other national churches have +priests placed in a corresponding position? + +BEROSUS. + +_Our Lady of Rounceval._--Can you or any of your correspondents furnish me +with particulars of our Lady of Rounceval? + +A. J. DUNKIN. + +_Roden's Colt._--A lady of a certain age is said in common parlance to be +"Forty, save one, the age of Roden's colt." What can Nimrod tell us +touching this proverbialised animal? + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + +_Sir Christopher Wren and the Young Carver._--A reader has a floating +notion in his head of having once read in the _Literary Gazette_ a strange +story of a country boy going to town to seek employment as a carver or +sculptor; of his being accosted by Sir Christopher Wren, and offering to +carve for him a sow and pigs, &c. Can any correspondent have pity on him, +and tell him where to find the tale? + +A. H. + +_Vellum Cleaning._--Are there not preparations in use for cleaning the +backs of old vellum-bound books without destroying the polish? How made, or +where procurable? + +J. F. M. + +_Dionysia in Boeotia._--Can any of your readers refer me to a passage in +any ancient author in which this supposed town is mentioned? + +Dumersan refers to Diodorus Siculus as his authority for its existence, but +my search in that author has been vain, and I am not alone in that respect. + +AUGUSTUS LANGDON. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Poll Tax in 1641._--I find in Somers' _Tracts_, 2nd ed. vol. iv. p. 298.: + + "The copy of an order agreed upon in the House of Commons upon Friday, + 18th June, wherein every man is rated according to his estate, for the + king's use." + +Is there on record the return made to this order; and where may it be +consulted? + +TEWARS. + +_Thomas Chester, Bishop of Elphin, 1580._--This prelate, who was the second +son of Sir William Chester, Kt., Lord Mayor of London in 1560, by his first +wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell in +Northamptonshire, is said by Anthony a Wood (_Athenaae Oxon._, ed. Bliss, +vol. ii. p. 826.) to have "given way to fate at Killiathar in that city, in +the month of June in 1584." The calendars of the Will Office of the +Prerogative Court of Canterbury do not contain his name; can any of your +Irish contributors inform me whether his will was proved in Ireland? I +should be glad to know, too, what will offices exist in Ireland, and from +what period they date their commencement. He is said to have married ----, +daughter of Sir James Clavering, Kt., of Axwell Park in Northumberland: +does any pedigree of the Claverings supply this lady's Christian name? His +eldest brother, William Chester, Esq., married his cousin-german Judith, +daughter and co-heiress of Anthony Cave, Esq., of Chichley Hall, Bucks, and +was ancestor to the extinct family of the baronets of that name and place. +Bishop Chester died _s. p._ + +TEWARS. + +_Rev. Urban Vigors._--Amongst the chaplains of King Charles I., was there +one of the name of Vigors, the Rev. Urban Vigors of Taunton? Any +particulars of him will be acceptable. + +Y. S. M. + +_Early English MSS._--What is the earliest document, of any historical +import to this country, now existing in MS.? + +T. HUGHES. + +_Curing of Henry IV._--The best account of the curing of Hen. IV. from the +leprosy: vide Lambard's _Dictionary_, p. 306. + +A. J. DUNKIN. + +_Standard of Weights and Measures._--I would gladly learn something of the +system of weights and measures in other countries, and particularly whether +in England and America there exists for this object any government +inspection; and if so, how this is executed? A list of works on this +subject would be most welcome. I am acquainted only with the works of +Ravon, _Fabrication des Poids et Mesures_, Paris, 1843, and of Tarbe, +_Poids, Mesures et Verification_, both found in the _Encyclopedie Roret_; +and the _Vollstaendige Darstellung_ {341} _des Masz- and Gewicht-Systems in +Grossherzogthum Hessen_, by F. W. Grimm, Darmstadt, 1840.--From the +_Navorscher_. + +[Phi]. [Phi]. + +_Parish Clerks' Company._-- + + "In making searches in registers of parishes within the bills of + mortality, a facility is afforded by the company of parish clerks; by + paying a fee of about two guineas, a circular is sent to all the parish + clerks, with the particulars of information required: the registers are + accordingly searched, and the result communicated to the clerk of the + company." + +The above I give from Burn's _History of Parish Registers_, p. 217. note, +published in 1829. Is this the case at present and if so, what is the +direction of the clerk of the Company? I wish this system existed in +Oxford. + +Y. S. M. + +_Orange Blossom._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me why the flowers of +the orange blossom are so universally used in the dress of a bride? and +from what date they have been so used? + +AUGUSTA. + +_Mr. Pepys his Queries._--I cannot say that I met with Pepys as Fielding +did Shakspeare, in a _Journey from this World to the next_; but I met with +seven of his Queries among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian, addressed to +Sir William Dugdale, a name dear to all orthodox antiquaries. It would +appear the Secretary to the Admiralty felt the want of a "medium of +inter-communication" in his day. Here are his Queries: + +1. Whether any foreigners are to be found in our list of English admirals? + +2. The reason or account to be given of the place assigned to our admirals +in the Act of Precedence? + +3. Whether any of the considerable families of our nobility or gentry have +been raised by the sea? + +4. Some instances of the greatest ransoms heretofore set upon prisoners of +greatest quality. + +5. The descent and posterity of Sir Francis Drake; and what estate is now +in the possession of any of his family derived from him. + +6. Who Sir Anthony Ashby was? + +7. What are and have been generally the professions, trades, or +qualifications, civil or military, that have and do generally raise +families in England to wealth and honour in Church and State? + +J. YEOWELL. + +50. Burton Street. + +_Foreign Medical Education._--Can any contributor direct me to any sources +of information on the regulations concerning medical instruction and +medical degrees in the principal universities on the Continent? + +MEDICUS. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Chandler, Bishop of Durham._--Lord Dover, in the second volume of his +edition of Walpole's _Letters to Sir Horace Mann_, p. 373., in a note, thus +speaks of this prelate: + + "A learned prelate and author of various polemical works, he had been + raised to the see of Durham in 1730, as it was then said, by symoniacal + means." + +Can any of your readers inform me where I can obtain evidence of the +symoniacal means by which _it is said_ this bishop obtained the bishopric +of Durham? One would scarcely think so cautious a man as Lord Dover would +refer to the imputation, without some evidence on which his lordship could +rely. + +Mr. Surtees, in his _History of the Bishops of Durham_, makes no allusion +to the symoniacal means by which Chandler obtained his promotion to the see +of Durham. He gives a list of the bishop's printed works, amongst which is +a "charge to the grand jury of Durham concerning engrossing of corn, &c., +1740." Can you, or any of your readers, inform me where this pamphlet is to +be met with? For I am curious to know how a bishop could make a _charge_ to +a grand jury. There must surely be some mistake in the title of the +pamphlet. + +FRA. MEWBURN. + +Darlington. + + [The charge of simony is loosely noticed by Shaw in his _History of + Staffordshire_, vol. i. p. 278. He says, "Edward Chandler was + translated from Lichfield and Coventry to Durham in 1730; and it was + then _publicly said_ that he gave 9000l. for that opulent see." To this + Chalmers, in his _Biog. Dict._, adds, "which is scarcely credible." The + Charge by the bishop is in the British Museum: it is entitled, "A + Charge delivered to the Grand Jury at the Quarter-Sessions held at + Durham, July 16, 1740, concerning engrossing of corn and grain, and the + riots that have been occasioned thereby." 4to., Durham.] + +_Huggins and Muggins._--Can any of your readers assign the origin of this +jocular appellation? I would hazard the conjecture, that it may be +corruption of _Hogen Mogen_, High Mightinesses, the style, I believe, of +the States-General of Holland; and that it probably became an expression of +contempt in the mouths of the Jacobites for the followers of William III., +from whence it has passed to a more general application. + +F. K. + +Bath. + + [HUGGER-MUGGER, says Dr. Richardson, is the common way of writing this + word, from Udal to the present time. No probable etymology, he adds, + has yet been given. Sir John Stoddart (_Ency. Metropolitana_, vol i. p. + 120.) has given a long article on this word, which concludes with the + following remarks:--"The last etymology that we shall mention is from + the Dutch title, {342} _Hoog Moogende_ (High Mightinesses), given to + the States-General, and much ridiculed by some of our English writers; + as in _Hudibras_: + + 'But I have sent him for a token + To your Low-country, _Hogen Mogen_.' + + It has been supposed that _hugger-mugger_, corrupted from _Hogen + Mogen_, was meant in derision of the secret transactions of their + Mightinesses; but it is probable that the former word was known in + English before the latter, and upon the whole it seems most probable + that _hugger_ is a mere intensitive form of _hug_, and that _mugger_ is + a reduplication of sound with a slight variation, which is so common in + cases of this kind."] + +_Balderdash._--What is the meaning and the etymology of "balderdash?" + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + + [Skinner suggests the following etymology: "BALDERDASH, _potus mixtus_, + credo ab A.-S. _bald_, audax, _balder_, audacior vel audacius, et + nostro _dash_; _miscere_, q.d. _potus temere mixtus_." Dr. Jamieson + explains it as "foolish and noisy talk. Islandic, _bulldur_, stultorum + balbuties." Dr. Ogilvie, however, has queried its derivation from the + "Spanish _balda_, a trifle, or _baldonar_, to insult with abusive + language; Welsh, _baldorz_, to prattle. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon + of words; ribaldry; anything jumbled together without judgment."] + +_Lovell, Sculptor._--What is known of this artist? That he was in advance +of the age he flourished in is evinced by his beautifully executed +engravings in _Love's Sacrifice_ (fol. Lond. 1652), which for delicacy of +work are far beyond anything of the period. + +R.C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + + [Is the name Lovell, or Loisell? for we find that Strutt, in his + _Dictionary of Engravers_, vol. ii. p. 101., speaks of "P. Loisell + having affixed some slight etchings, something in the style of Gaywood + (if I mistake not), to Benlowe's _Theophilia_, _or Love's Sacrifice_."] + +_St. Werenfrid and Butler's_ "_Lives of the Saints._"--One of your +correspondents will perhaps explain the cause of an omission in Butler's +_Lives of the Saints_. The life of St. Werenfrid, whose anniversary is the +14th of August, is abstracted, vol. iii. p. 492. His name occurs in the +table of contents: and pages 493 and 494, where the life should have +appeared, are wanting; still page 495 follows 492 correctly in type, so +that the former must have been reprinted _after_ the castration of the +leaf. Was the saint deemed unworthy of the place which had been allotted to +him? + +J. H. M. + + [In the best edition of Butler's _Lives_ (12 vols., 1812-13), the life + of St. Werenfrid is given on Nov. 7. He is honored in Holland on the + 14th of August; and his life appears in _Britannia Sancta_ on that day, + but in the Bollandists on the 28th of August.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +SIR W. HANKFORD-GASCOIGNE'S TOMB. + +(Vol. viii., p. 278.) + +On reading MR. SANSOM'S letter, it occurred to me that I had seen a +different account of the master being shot by his park-keeper; and on +search I found the following in 1 Hale's _P. C._ p. 40., which I send, as +it may tend to clear up the question: + + "In the case of Sir William Hawksworth, related by Baker in his + _Chronicle of the Time of Edward IV._, p. 223. (_sub anno_ 1471), he + being weary of his life, and willing to be rid of it by another's hand, + blamed his parker for suffering his deer to be destroyed; and commanded + him that he should shoot the next man that he met in his park that + would not stand or speak. The knight himself came in the night into the + park, and being met by the keeper, refused to stand or speak. The + keeper shot and killed him, not knowing him to be his master. This + seems to be no felony, but excusable by the statute of _Malefactores in + Parcis_." + +This account varies from Ritson's in the name "Hawksworth" instead of +"Hankford," and the date 1471 instead of 1422. It seems plain that Lord +Hale had no idea that the person shot was a judge: and possibly the truth +may be, that it was a descendant of the judge that was shot. Even if +Hankford's death were in 1422, as stated by Risdon, the traditional account +that he caused his own death "in doubt of his safety" does not seem very +probable, as Henry V. came to the throne in 1412-13. Probably some of your +readers may be able to clear up the matter. + +I was at Harewood the other day, and examined a tomb there alleged to be +that of the C.-J. Gascoigne. In the centre of the west end of the tomb is a +shield: first and fourth, five fleurs-de-lys (France); second and third, +three lions passant gardant (England).--May I ask how these arms happen to +be on this tomb? + +There are several other shields on the tomb, but all are now +undistinguishable except one; which appears to be a bend impaling a +saltire, as far as I can make it out: the colours are wholly obliterated. +The head of the figure has not a coif on it, as I should have anticipated; +but a cap fitting very close, and a bag is suspended from the left arm.--Is +it known for certain that this is C.-J. Gascoigne's tomb? + +S. G. C. + +Harrogate. + + * * * * * + +MR. SANSOM need not have been very much surprised that I should have +omitted noticing a tradition concerning Sir William Hankford, when I was +merely rectifying an error with reference to Sir William Gascoigne. That I +have not overlooked entirely "the Devonshire tradition, which represents +Sir William Hankford to be the judge {343} who committed Prince Henry," may +be seen in _The Judges of England_, vol. iv. p. 324., wherein I show the +total improbability of the tale. And my disbelief in the story of +Hankford's death, and its more probable application to Sir Robert Danby, is +already noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 93. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + * * * * * + +TRANSLATION OF THE PRAYER BOOK INTO FRENCH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 382.) + +In answer to some of the questions proposed by O. W. J. respecting the +Prayer Book translated into French, I am able to give this information. + +A copy of a French Prayer Book is to be found in the Bodleian Library +(Douce Coll.), which is very probably the first edition of the translation. +A general account of this book may be gained from Strype's _Mem. Eccl. K. +Ed. VI._ (vol. iii. p. 208. ed. 1816); also Strype's _Mem. Abp. Cranmer_ +(b. ii. c. 22. sub fin. and c. 33., and App. 54. and 261.); also Collier's +_Eccl. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 321. + +From these sources we may conclude that a translation of the first book of +_K. Ed. VI._ was begun very soon after its publication in England, at the +instigation of Pawlet (at that time governor of Calais), with the sanction +of the king and the archbishop "for the use of the islands of Guernsey and +Jersey, and of the town and dependencies of Calais;" but it does not seem +to have been completed before the publication of the second book took +place, and so the alterations were incorporated into this edition. + +The translator was "Francoys Philippe, a servant of the Lord Chancellor" +(Thos. Goodrick, Bishop of Ely), as he styles himself. The printer's name +is Gaultier. It was put forth in 1553. + +There is still extant an "Order in Council" for the island of Jersey, dated +April 15, 1550, commanding to "observe and use the service, and other +orders appertaining to the same, and to the ministration of the sacraments, +set forth in the booke sent to you presentlye." It is uncertain what the +book here referred to was, whether a translation or a copy of the English +liturgy. + +There are copies extant of another liturgy put forth in 1616, purporting to +be "newly translated at the command of the king." The printer's name is +Jehan Bill, of London. The name of John Bill appears also as king's printer +in the English authorised edition of 1662. + +Another was published in 1667, by Jean Dunmore and Octavien Pulleyn. + +The edition of 1695, published by _Erringham_ (Everingham) and R. Bentley, +has the sanction of K. Charles II. appended to it. + +Numerous editions have since been published, varying in many important +points (even of doctrine) from one another, and from their English +original. There is now no authorised edition fit for general use; the older +translations having become too antiquated by the variations in the French +language to be read in the churches. + +M. A. W. C. + + * * * * * + +PRAYING TO THE WEST. + +(Vol. viii., p. 208.) + +Although going over old ground, yet, if it be permitted, I would note a +curious coincidence connected with this far-spread veneration for the West. + +As mentioned by G. W., the Puranas point to the "Sacred Isles of the West" +as the elysium of the ancient Hindus, "The White Islands of the West." The +Celtae of the European continent believed that their souls were transported +to England, or some islands adjacent. (See _Encyclopedie Methodique_, art. +"Antiquites," vol. i. p. 704.) The Celtic elysium, "Flath-Innis," a remote +island of the West, is mentioned by Logan in his _Celtic Gael_, vol. ii. p. +342., who no doubt drew his information from the same source as Professor +Rafinesque, whose observations on this subject I transcribe, viz.: + + "It is strange but true, that, throughout the earth, the place of + departed souls, the land of spirits, was supposed to be in the West, or + at the setting sun. This happens everywhere, and in the most opposite + religions, from China to Lybia, and also from Alaska to Chili in + America. The instances of an eastern paradise were few, and referred to + the eastern celestial abode of yore, rather than the future abode of + souls. The Ashinists, or Essenians, the best sect of Jews, placed + Paradise in the Western Ocean; and the Id. Alishe, or Elisha of the + Prophets, the happy land. Jezkal (our Ezekiel) mentions that island; + the Phoenicians called it Alizut, and some deem Madeira was meant, but + it had neither men nor spirits! From this the Greeks made their Elysium + and Tartarus placed near together, at first in Epirus, then Italy, next + Spain, lastly in the ocean, as the settlers travelled west. The sacred + and blessed islands of the Hindus and Lybians were in this ocean; + Wilford thought they meant the British Islands. Pushcara, the farthest + off, he says, was Iceland, but may have meant North America. + + "The Lybians called their blessed islands 'Aimones;' they were the + Canaries, it is said, but likely the Atlantides, since the Atlantes + dwelt in the Aimones," &c. + +And farther he says, the Gauls had their Cocagne, the Saxons their +Cockaign, Cocana of the Lusitanians,-- + + "A land of delight and plenty, _which is proverbial to this day_! By + the Celts it was called 'Dunna feadhuigh,' a fairy land, &c. But all + these notions have earlier foundations, since the English Druids put + their paradise in a remote island in the west, called {344} + 'Flath-Innis,' the flat island", &c.--_American Nations_, vol. ii. p. + 245. _et infra_. + +The coincidence then is this. The same veneration for the West prevails +among many of our Indian tribes, who place their Paradise in an island +beyond the Great Lake (Pacific), and far toward the setting sun. There, +good Indians enjoy a fine country abounding in game, are always clad in new +skins, and live in warm new lodges. Thither they are wafted by prosperous +gales; but the bad Indians are driven back by adverse storms, wrecked on +the coast, where the remains of their canoes are to be seen covering the +strand in all directions. + +I cannot refrain from adding here another coincidence connected with +futurity. The above idea of sailing to the Indian Paradise, though +prevalent, is not general; for instance, the Minnetarees and Mandans +believed that to reach Paradise the souls of the departed had to pass over +an extremely narrow bridge, which was done safely by the good Indians, but +the bad ones slipped off and were buried in oblivion. (See Long's +_Expedition to the Rocky Mountains_, vol. i. p. 259.) + +The Chepewa crosses a river on a bridge formed by the body of a large snake +(see Long's _Expedition to St. Peter's River_, vol. i. p. 154.); and in the +same volume it is stated that the Dacota, or Sioux, believe they must pass +over a rock with a sharp edge like a knife. Those who fall off go to the +region of evil spirits, where they are worked, tormented, and frequently +flogged unmercifully. + +Now, this bridge for gaining Paradise is just the Alsirat of the +Mahomedans; I think it will be found in the _Bibliotheque Orientale_ of +D'Herbelot; at all events it is mentioned in the preliminary discourse to +Sale's _Koran_. Sale thinks Mahomet borrowed the idea from the Magians, who +teach, that on the last day all mankind must pass over the "Pul Chinavad" +or "Chinavar," _i.e._ "The Straight Bridge." Farther, the Jews speak of the +"Bridge of Hell," which is no broader than a thread. According to M. +Hommaire de Hell, the Kalmuck Alsirat is a bridge of iron (or causeway) +traversing a sea of filth, urine, &c. When the wicked attempt to pass along +this, it narrows beneath them to a hair's breadth, snaps asunder, and thus +convicted they are plunged into hell. (_Travels in the Steppes of the +Caspian, &c._, p. 252.) + +Having already trespassed most unconscionably, I forbear farther remark on +these coincidences, except that such ideas of futurity being found amongst +nations so widely separated, cannot but induce the belief of a common +origin, or at least of intimate communication at a former period, and that +so remote as to have allowed time for diverging dialects to have become, as +it were, distinct languages. + +A. C. M. + +Exeter. + + * * * * * + +JACOB BOBART. + +(Vol. viii., p. 37.) + +The completion of a laborious literary work has taken my attention away +from the "N. & Q." for some weeks past, otherwise I should sooner have +given MR. BOBART the following information. + +The engraving of old Jacob Bobart by W. Richardson is _not_ of any value, +being a copy from an older print. Query if it is not a copy of the very +rare engraving by Loggan and Burghers? + +The original print of the "founder of the physick garden," "D. Loggan del., +M. Burghers sculp., 1675," which Mr. Bobart wishes to procure, may be +purchased of A. E. Evans, 403. Strand, for 2l. 12s. 6d. I also learn from +Mr. Evans' invaluable _Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits_ (an octavo +of 431 pages, lately published), that there exists a portrait of Bobart, +"the classical alma mater coachman of Oxford," whole length, by Dighton, +1808. The same catalogue also contains other portraits of the Bobarts. + +Since my last communication on the present subject, I find the following +memorandums in one of my note-books, which possibly may be unknown to your +correspondent; they relate to MSS. in the British Museum. + +Add. MS. 5290. contains 227 folio drawings of various rare plants, the +names of which are added in the autograph of Jacob Bobart the elder. + +Sloane MS. 4038. contains some letters from Jacob Bobart to Sir Hans +Sloane, 1685-1716; also one from Anne Bobart, dated 1701. + +Sloane MS. 3343. contains a catalogue of plants and seeds saved at Oxford, +by Mr. Bobart, 1695-6. + +Sloane MS. 3321., consisting of scientific letters addressed to Mr. +Petiver, contains one from Jacob Bobart, and another from Tilleman Bobart. +The latter has a letter dated "Blenheim, Feb. 5, 1711-12," to some person +unknown, in Sloane MS. 4253. + +_Tilleman_ Bobart appears to have been employed in laying out the park and +gardens at the Duke of Marlborough's magnificent seat at Blenheim. A member +of his original papers and receipts were lately disposed of by auction at +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson's. (See the sale catalogue of July 22, 1853, +lot 1529.) + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +EARLY USE OF TIN.--DERIVATION OF THE NAME OF BRITAIN. + +(Vol. viii., p. 290.) + +Many questions are proposed by G.W., to which it is extremely improbable +that any but a conjectural answer can ever be given. That tin was in common +use 2800 years ago, is certain. Probably evidence may be obtained, if it +have not been so {345} already, of its use at a still earlier period; but +it is unlikely that we shall ever know who first brought it from Cornwall +to Asia, and used it to harden copper. It is, however, a matter of interest +to trace the mention of this metal in the ancient inscriptions, Egyptian +and Assyrian, which have of late years been so successfully interpreted. +Mistakes have been made from time to time, which subsequent researches have +rectified. It was thought for a long time that a substance, mentioned in +the hieroglyphical inscriptions very frequently, and in one instance said +to have been procured from Babylon, was _tin_. This has now been +ascertained to be a mistake. Mr. Birch has proved that it was _Lapis +lazuli_, and that what was brought from Babylon was an artificial +blue-stone in imitation of the genuine one. I am not aware whether the true +hieroglyphic term for _tin_ has been discovered. Mention was again supposed +to have been made of _tin_ in the annals of Sargon. A tribute paid to him +in his seventh year by Pirhu (Pharaoh, as Col. Rawlinson rightly identifies +the name; not Pihor, Boccharis, as I at one time supposed), king of Egypt, +Tsamtsi, queen of Arabia, and Idhu, ruler of the Isabeans, was supposed to +have contained tin as well as gold, horses, and camels. This, however, was +in itself an improbable supposition. It is much more likely that incense or +spices should have been yielded by the countries named than tin. At any +rate, I have recently identified a totally different word with the name of +tin. It reads _anna_; and I supposed it, till very lately, to mean "rings." +I find, however, that it signifies a metal, and that a different word has +the signification "rings." When Assur-yuchura-bal, the founder of the +north-western palace at Nimrud, conquered the people who lived on the banks +of the Orontes from the confines of Hamath to the sea, he obtained from +them twenty talents of silver, half a talent of gold, one hundred talents +of _anna_ (tin), one hundred talents of iron, &c. His successor received +from the same people all these metals, and also copper. + +It is already highly probable, and farther discoveries may soon convert +this probability to certainty, that the people just referred to (whom I +incline strongly to identify with the _Shirutana_ of the Egyptian +inscriptions) were the merchants of the world before Tyre was called into +existence; their port being what the Greeks called Seleucia, when they +attempted to revive its ancient greatness. It is probably to them that the +discovery of Britain is to be attributed; and it was probably from them +that it received its name. + +In G. W.'s communication, a derivation of the name from _barat-anac_, "the +land of tin," is suggested. He does not say by whom, but he seems to +disclaim it as his own. I do not recollect to have met with it before; but +it appears to me, even as it stands, a far more plausible one than +_bruit-tan_, "the land of tin:" the former term being supposed to be Celtic +for _tin_, and the latter a termination with the sense of _land_: or than +_brit-daoine_, "the painted (or separated) people." + +I am, however, disposed to think that the name is not of Phoenician origin, +but was given by their northern neighbours, whom I have mentioned as their +predecessors in commerce. These were evidently of kindred origin, and spoke +a language of the same class; and I think it all but certain, that in the +Assyrian name for tin (_anna_) we have the name given to it by this people, +from whom the Assyrians obtained it. "The land of tin" would be in their +language _barat_ (or probably _barit_) _anna_, from which the transition to +Britannia presents no difficulty. I assume here that _b-r-t_, without +expressed vowels, is a Phoenician term for "land of." I assume it on the +authority of the person, whoever he may be, that first gave the derivation +that G. W. quotes. I have no Phoenician authority within reach: but I can +readily believe the statement, knowing that _banit_ would be the Assyrian +word used in such a compound, and that _n_, _r_, and _b_ are perpetually +interchanged in the Semitic languages, and notoriously so in this very +root. _Ummi banitiya_, "of the mother who produced me," is pure Assyrian; +and so would _banit-anna_, "the producer of tin," be; all names of lands +being feminine in Assyrian. + +It would be curious if the true derivation of the world-renowned name of +Britain should be ascertained for the first time through an Assyrian +medium. + +EDW. HINCKS. + +Killyleagh, Down. + + * * * * * + +As there are several Queries in the Note of G. W. which the Celtic language +is capable of elucidating, I beg to offer a few derivations from that +language. + +Britain is derived from _briot_, painted, and _tan_, a country--_i. e._ +"the country of the painted people." It is a matter of history, that the +people of Britain dyed their bodies with various colours. + +_Tin_ is from the Celtic _tin_, to melt readily, to dissolve. It is also +called _stan_: Latin, _stannum_. + +Hercules is from the Phoenician or Celtic, _Earr-aclaide_, pronounced +_Er-aclaie,_ i. e. the noble leader or hero. + +Melkarthus is derived from _Mal-catair_, pronounced _Mal-cahir_, i. e. the +champion or king of the city (of Tyre). + +Moloch cannot be identical with the Tyrian Hercules, as Moloch was the god +of fire: probably a name for the sun, from the Celtic _molc_, i. e. fire. + +FRAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + +{346} + +YEW-TREES IN CHURCHYARDS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 244.) + +Whilst offering a solution to the Query of R. C. WARDE, as to the placing +yew-trees in churchyards, I am obliged to differ from him _toto coelo_, by +considering the derivation of the name of the plant itself, though I must +candidly confess that the solution of the Query and the derivation of the +word are my own. + +_Yew_ is ancient British, and signifies _existent_ and enduring, having the +same root as _Jehovah_; and _yew_ is Welsh for _it is_, being one of the +forms of the third person present indicative of the auxiliary verb _bod_, +to be. Hence the yew-tree was planted in churchyards, not to indicate +_death_, despair, but _life_, hope and assurance. It is one of our few +evergreens, and is the most enduring of all, and clearly points out the +Christian's hope in the immortality of the soul: _Resurgam_. + +Whilst on the word _yew_, I may perhaps observe that I am hardly inclined +now (though I once was so) to derive from it, as the author of the +_Etymological Compendium_ does, the name _yeoman_: I think that yeoman is +not _yew_-man, "a man using the yew-bow," but _yoke_-man, a man owning as +much land as a _yoke_ of oxen could plough in a certain time. + +J. G. CUMMINGS. + +The following extract frown the _Handbook of English Ecclesiology_, p. +190., may be of some assistance to your correspondent: + + "YEW. These were planted generally to the south of the church, to + supply green for the decoration of churches at the great festivals; + this tree being an emblem of immortality. It is a heathen prejudice + which regards it as mournful. It is not probable yews were used as + palms; the traditional name given to the withy showing that this was + used in the procession on that festival." + +WILLIAM W. KING. + +Instead of troubling you with a particular answer to MR. WARDE'S inquiry, +let me refer him to the _Forest Trees of Britain_, by the Rev. C. A. Johns, +p 297. _et seq._, where, among many other curious and interesting facts, he +will find the various reasons assigned by different authors, ancient and +modern, for the plantation of yew-trees in churchyards. I do not find, +however, that the origin ingeniously assigned by MR. WARDE is among the +number. + +[Phi]. + +I have always supposed, but I know not upon what authority, that the custom +of planting yew-trees in churchyards originated in the idea of supplying +the yeomen of the parish with bows, in the good old archery days. + +IGNORAMUS. + + * * * * * + +STARS ARE THE FLOWERS OF HEAVEN. + +(Vol. vii. _passim._) + +I sent a Note to "N. & Q" some time ago, expressing my conviction that the +original _locale_ of this beautiful idea was in St. Chrysostom. but, as I +could not then give a reference to the passage which contained it, my +suggestion was of course not definite enough to call for attention. I am +now able to vindicate to the "golden-mouthed" preacher of Antioch this +expression of poetic fancy, the origination of which has excited, and +deservedly, so much inquiry among the readers of "N. & Q." It occurs in +Homily X., "On the Statues," delivered at Antioch. I transcribe the passage +from the translation in _The Library of the Fathers_: + + "Follow me whilst I enumerate the meadows, the gardens, the flowering + tribes; all sorts of herbs and their uses, their odours, forms, + disposition; yea, but their very names; the trees which are fruitful + and the barren; the nature of metals; that of animals, in the sea or on + the land; of those that swim and those that traverse the air; the + mountains, the forests, the groves; _the meadow below and the meadow + above_; _for there is a meadow on the earth_, _and a meadow too in the + sky_, THE VARIOUS FLOWERS OF THE STARS; the rose below, and the rainbow + above!... Contemplate with me the beauty of the sky; how it has been + preserved so long without being dimmed, and remains as bright and clear + as if it had been only fabricated to-day; moreover the power of the + earth, how its womb has not become effete by bringing forth during so + long a time!" &c. Homily X., "On the Statues," pp. 178-9. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +P.S.--Are the following lines, which contain this idea, and were copied +long ago from the poet's corner of a provincial paper, with the title of +"The Language of the Stars, a fragment," worth preserving? + + "The stars bear tidings, voiceless though they are: + 'Mid the calm loveliness of the evening air, + As one by one they open clear and high, + And win the wondering gaze of infancy, + They speak,--yet utter not. Fair heavenly flowers + Strewn on the floor-way of the angels' bowers! + 'Twas HIS own hand that twined your chaplets bright, + And thoughts of love are in your wreaths of light, + Unread, unreadable by us;--there lie + High meanings in your mystic tracery; + Silent rebukings of day's garish dreams, + And warnings solemn as your own fair beams." + + * * * * * + +BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN. + +(Vol. viii., p. 272.) + +Your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS should remember that at the time Dr. Drake +published his {347} _Historia Anglo-Scotica_, 1703, there were no bounds to +the angry passions and jealousies evoked by the discussion of the projected +union; consequently, what may appear to as in the present day an +insufficient reason for the treatment the book met with in the northern +metropolis, wore a very different aspect to the Scots, who, under the +popular belief that they were to _be sold_ to their enemies, saw every +movement with distrust, and tortured everything said or written on this +side the Tweed, upon the impending question, to discover an attack upon +their national independence, their church, and their valour. + +Looking at Dr. Drake's book, then, for the data upon which it was +condemned, we find that it opens with a prefatory dedication to Sir E. +Seymour, one of Queen Anne's Commissioners for the Union, and a high +churchman, wherein the author distinctly ventures a blow at Presbytery when +he says to his patron: + + "The languishing oppressed Church of Scotland is not without hopes of + finding in you hereafter the same successful champion and restorer that + her sister of England has already experienced." + +He farther calculated upon Sir Edward inspiring the neighbouring nation +"with as great a respect for the generosity of the English as they have +heretofore had to dread their valour." Now the Scots neither acknowledged +the Episcopacy which Seymour is here urged to press upon them, nor had they +any such slavish fear of the vaunted English prowess with which Dr. Drake +would have them intimidated; without going farther, therefore, into the +book, it appears to me that the Scots parliament had a right to consider it +written in a bad spirit, and to pacify the people by condemning it. + +Defoe, in his _History of the Union_ (G. Chalmers' edition, London, 1786), +says: + + "One Dr. Drake writes a preface to an abridgment of the _Scots + History_, wherein, speaking something reflecting upon the freedom and + independence of Scotland, the Scots parliament caused it to be burned + by the hangman in Edinburgh." + +In his _Northern Memoirs_, 1715, Oldmixon observes: + + "They (the Jacobites) therefore put Dr. Drake, author of the _High + Church Memorials_, upon publishing an antiquated Scotch history, on + purpose to vilify the whole nation in the preface, and create more ill + blood. This had the desired effect. The Scots parliament highly + resented the affront, and ordered it to be burnt by the common hangman + at Edinburgh." + +D'Israeli, in his _Calamities of Authors_, has the following interesting +notice of Drake: + + "I must add one more striking example of a political author in the case + of Dr. James Drake, a man of genius and an excellent writer. He + resigned an honorable profession, that of medicine, to adopt a very + contrary one, that of becoming an author by profession for a party. As + a Tory writer he dared every extremity of the law, while he evaded it + by every subtlety of artifice; he sent a masked lady with his MSS. to + the printer, who was never discovered; and was once saved by a flaw in + the indictment, from the simple change of an _r_ for a _t_, or _nor_ + for _not_, one of those shameful evasions by which the law, to its + perpetual disgrace, so often protects the criminal from punishment. Dr. + Drake had the honor of hearing himself censured from the throne, of + being imprisoned, of seeing his _Memorials of the Church of England_ + burned at (the Royal Exchange) London, and his _Hist. Angl. Scot._ at + Edinburgh. Having enlisted himself in the pay of the booksellers, among + other works, I suspect, he condescended to practise some literary + impositions; for he has reprinted Father Parsons famous libel against + the Earl of Leicester, under the title of _Secret Memoirs of Robert + Dudley, E. of L._, 1706, with a preface pretending it was printed from + an old MS." + +The same instructive writer adds: + + "Drake was a lover of literature; he left behind him a version of + Herodotus, and a system of anatomy, once the most popular and curious + of its kind. After all this turmoil of his literary life, neither his + masked lady nor the flaws in his indictments availed him; government + brought a writ of error, severely prosecuted him; and abandoned, as + usual, by those for whom he had annihilated a genius which deserved a + better fate, his perturbed spirit broke out into a fever, and he died + raving against cruel persecutors, and patrons not much more humane." + +Another book before me, and one which shared the fate of Drake's in +Edinburgh, is _The Superiority and Direct Dominion of the Imperial Crown of +England over the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland, the true Foundation of a +compleat Union reasserted_; 4to. London, 1705. This had appeared the year +before, but was reproduced to answer the objections to it from the other +side. It was written by William Attwood, Esq. If it required a nice +discrimination to discover the offence of Drake, there was no such dubiety +about this book, which goes the whole length of Scottish vassalage; and Mr. +Attwood would lead us to believe that he knocks over the arguments of +Hodges and Anderson[6] for Scottish independence with as much ease as he +would ninepins. + +{348} + +Unfortunately these subjects are again forced upon us, and a reference to +some of the books I have cited will enable gentlemen who are curious upon +the point to judge for themselves in the matter of the present agitation of +"Justice to Scotland." + +J. O. + +[Footnote 6: Jas. Hodges, a Scotch gentleman, who supported the +Independency in a work entitled _War betwixt the Two Kingdoms considered_, +for which, says Attwood, "he had 4800 Scots Punds given him for nothing but +begging the question, and bullying England with the terror of her arms." + +"An Historical Essay, showing that the Crown of Scotland is Independent; +wherein the gross Errors of a late book, entitled 'The Superiority and +Direct Dominion,' &c., and some other books for that purpose, are exposed +by Jas. Anderson, A.M., Writer to His Majesty's Signet," Edin. 1705. For +this work Anderson received the thanks of the Scottish parliament, as well +as some pecuniary reward. (Chalmers' _Life of Ruddiman_.) The authors of +these books having made out a case which was adopted as the national one, +it is nowise surprising that they should hand over Drake and Attwood to the +hangman for attempting to demolish it.] + +On May 5, 1686, M. Claude's account of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew was +burnt in the Old Exchange, "so mighty a power and ascendant here had the +French ambassador." (Evelyn's _Memoirs_.) + +JOHN S. BURN. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Stereoscopic Angles._--As I presume that MR. T. L. MERRITT is, like +myself, only desirous of arriving at truth, I beg to offer the following +reply to his last communication (Vol. viii., pp. 275-6.), in which he +misinterprets some observations of mine upon the subject in question. + +With regard to the distance quoted by me of 2-1/4 inches, I look upon it as +the same thing as intended by MR. MERRITT--that is, the _average_ distance +between the centres of the eyes; and it amounts simply to a difference of +_opinion_ between us; but, so far as that point is concerned, I am quite +ready to adopt 2-1/2 inches as a standard, although I believe that the former +is nearer the truth: however, I require more than a mere _assertion_ that +"the _only_ correct space for the cameras to be apart is 2-1/2 inches, and +this under every circumstance, and that _any_ departure from this _must_ +produce error." I quote verbatim, having merely Italicised three words to +point my meaning more clearly. An object being 5 feet distant, and another +at 10 feet from the observer, a line between the eyes will subtend a very +_much larger_ angle in the former than in the latter instance: hence the +inclination of the axes of the eyes is the chief criterion by which people +with the usual complement of those useful organs judge of proximity: but if +half a dozen houses are made to appear as if 10 or 12 feet distant (by +means of the increase of the angle between the points of formation of the +pictures), while the angle which each picture subtends is relatively small; +it is clear that both eyes will see in relief at a short distance half a +dozen houses in a space not large enough for a single brick of one of them, +and, _consequently_, _the view will appear as if taken from a model_. MR. +MERRITT will object that an erroneous effect is produced; if he will refer +to my statement (Vol. viii., p. 228.), he will find that it is precisely +what I admitted; and he appears to have overlooked the _proviso_ attached +to my next observation (judging by his comment thereon), so I shall make no +farther remark upon that point, beyond inquiring why the defect he is +content to put up with is called a _trifling exaggeration_, while that +which is less offensive to me is designated as _absolute deformity_ and +error? Persons with one eye are _not good judges_ of distance, and this may +be easily tested thus:--Close one eye, and endeavour to dip a pen in an +inkstand at some little distance not previously ascertained by experiment, +with both eyes open; it will be found far less easy than would be imagined. +One-eyed people, from habit, contrive to judge of distance mainly by +_relative position_, and by moving the head _laterally_ cause a change +therein: to them, all pictures are, to an extent, stereoscopic. + +I am really amazed that my advocacy of the radial, instead of the parallel, +position of the cameras should have been so misunderstood. Surely, it +cannot be seriously asserted that the former will produce _two_ vanishing +points, and the latter only one? And as to the supposition connected with +the boy, the ass, and the drum, a camera that would produce the effect of +showing both sides of the ass, both legs of the boy, and both heads of the +drum, _with a movement of only 2-1/2 inches_, whether radially or parallel, +would indeed be a curiosity. But if the motion of the camera extended over +a space sufficiently large to exhibit the phenomena alluded to, then it +would confirm what I have before advanced, viz. present the idea of a +_small model_ of the objects, which could be so placed as to show naturally +these very effects. + +That the axes of the eyes are inclined when viewing objects, is readily +proved thus:--Let a person look across the road at any object--say a +shop-window; but stand so that a _lamp-post near him_ shall intervene, and +be in a _direct line_ between the observer's nose and the object viewed. If +he be requested to observe the post instead of the distant object, the +pupils of his eyes will be seen to approach one another; and on again +looking to the distant object, will instantly recede. The _range_ of vision +is another point that appears to be misunderstood, as we are differing +about words instead of facts. The column is an illustration that will +_exactly_ suit my views; for I call the _range_ of vision the same if taken +from side to side of the column, although it is perfectly true that the +tangents to the two eyes differ by the angle they subtend: but certainly +MR. WILKINSON'S case (Vol. viii., p. 181.) of seven houses and five +bathing-machines in one picture, and five houses and eight machines in the +other, illustrates an instance where the range of vision is not the same; +but I contend that the stereoscopic effect is then _confined_ to five {349} +houses and five machines, otherwise MR. WILKINSON'S supposititious case +(_ibid._), of all machines in one, and all houses in the other, might be +considered as stereoscopic. + +In concluding this very lengthened and, I fear, tedious reply, I beg to +assert that I am most willing to recant any proposition I may have put +forth, if _proved_ to be erroneous; but I must have proof, not mere +assertion. And farther, my willing thanks are always tendered to any one +kind enough to correct an error. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Mr. Pumphrey's Process for securing black Tints in Positives._--The +importance that appears to be attached by some of thy correspondents to the +stereoscopic appearance of photographs, induces me to call the attention of +those who may not have noticed it to the fact that, as all camera pictures +are monocular, they are best seen by closing one eye, and then they truly +represent nature; and the effect of distance (which so often appears +wanting in photographs) is given with marvellous effect, so well indeed as +to render the use of a stereoscope unnecessary. Like other photographers, I +have been long seeking for a method, easy, cheap, and certain, for +obtaining the black tints that are so highly prized by many in the French +positives; and having at last attained the object of my search, I lose no +time in laying it before my fellow-operators. + +I obtain these results with a twenty-grain solution of nitrate of silver, a +fact that will, I think, commend the plan to most operators. Thou wilt be +able to judge of the result from the inclosed specimen.[7] I use Canson's +paper, either albumenized or plain (but the former is far preferable). If +albumen is used, I dilute it with an equal measure of water, and add half a +grain of common salt (chloride of sodium) to each ounce of the mixture. +This is applied to the paper with a soft flat brush, and all bubbles +removed, by allowing a slender stream of the mixture to flow over its +surface: it is then hung up to dry, and afterwards the albumen is +coagulated with a hot iron. If the paper is used plain, a solution of +common salt (half a grain to one ounce of water) is placed in a shallow +tray, and the paper floated on its surface for a minute, and then hung up +to dry. Excite, in either case, with an ammonio-nitrate of silver solution +(twenty grains to one ounce of water), by floating the paper, prepared side +downwards, for one minute, and hang up to dry. + +Print tolerably strongly, and the proof will be of a reddish-brown. Fix in +tolerably strong solution of hypo. sodae (I never weigh my hypo., so cannot +give the proportion), that either has been in use some time, or else, if +new, has been nearly saturated with darkened chloride of silver. When +fixed, remove the proofs into another vessel of the same solution of hypo., +to which has been added chloride of gold and acetic acid. The way I do this +is to dissolve one drachm of chloride of gold in two and a half ounces +(1200 minims) of water. Of this I take twenty minims (which will contain +one grain Au Cl_3) and forty minims of acetic acid (Beaufoy's) for every +dozen proofs (of the size of 7 x 9 in.), that I mean to operate on, and +having mixed the gold and acetic acid with the solution of hypo., place the +proofs in it till they attain the desired colour: they are then to be +washed and dried in the usual way. + +Knowing that so cheap and easy a process for obtaining these tints would +have been a great boon to me a short time since, I lose no time in +communicating this to the readers of "N. & Q." I shall feel a pleasure in +explaining the plan more in detail to any photographer who may feel +disposed to drop me a line. + +WILLIAM PUMPHREY. + +Osbaldwick, near York. + +[Footnote 7: The specimens forwarded by MR. PUMPHREY are most +satisfactory.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Baskerville the Printer_ (Vol. viii., p. 203.).--In reply to MR. ELLIOTT'S +inquiry, I beg to say that Baskerville the printer was merely named as one +who had directed his interment in unconsecrated ground. The exact place of +his burial was not deemed a point of importance, but it having been +questioned, I am able to state that the spot was correctly described by me. +Nichols, in his _Literary Anecdotes_ (vol. viii. p. 456.), tells us that +"Baskerville was buried in a tomb of masonry, in the shape of a cone, +_under a windmill_ in his garden; on the top of this windmill, after it +fell into disuse, he had erected an urn, and had prepared an inscription," +of which MR. ELLIOTT has given a portion. + +In his will, dated January 6, 1773, he directs his body "to be buried in a +conical building heretofore used as a _mill_, which I have lately raised +higher, and painted and prepared for it." It seems somewhat surprising that +one, who shocked even John Wilkes as "a terrible infidel," should have +printed a most beautiful folio Bible, at an expense of 2000l., and three or +more editions of the Book of Common Prayer. Still more, in 1762, he tells +Walpole that he had a grant from the University of Cambridge to print their +8vo. and 12mo. Common Prayer Books, and that for this privilege he laboured +under heavy liabilities to the University. Baskerville doubtless regarded +these books with a tradesman's eye, indifferent to the subjects of the +works issued from his press, provided they sold. It would, however, be very +unjust to this admirable printer to name him without praise for the +distinguished beauty of his typography: it was clear and elegant, and he +{350} was most curious in the choice both of his paper and ink. + +J. H. M. + +_Lines on Woman_ (Vol. viii., p. 204.).--The four beautiful lines which +W. V. cites are the conclusion of a poem entitled "Woman," written by Eton +Barrett. About the close of the last century, Eton Barrett and his younger +brother Richard Barrett were at a private school on Wandsworth Common. My +brothers and I were their schoolfellows. The Barretts were Irish boys; I +think (but I speak very doubtfully) from Cork. Eton Barrett was a boy of +more than ordinary talent. He was a genius among the lesser lights around +him. I remember his writing a play with prologue and epilogue, which was +performed before the master and his family, &c., with so much success, that +the master prohibited any future dramatic performances, fearing, that he +might incur blame for encouraging too much taste for the theatre. Our +master gave up his school before the year 1800. Eton Barrett, a great many +years ago, published a little volume of poems, of which "Woman" was one. I +do not remember that I ever met him since our school-days. I have heard +that he adopted Tory politics in Ireland, and that his brother attached +himself to O'Connell, and conducted some newspaper; but this is mere +report. Allow me to take this opportunity for observing, that many of the +communications to "N. & Q.," such as those in which matters of fact are +stated, ought, it may justly be urged, to be authenticated by the signature +of the contributor. I feel the truth of this so strongly, that, though I do +not sign my name, yet I have thought it right to make myself known to you, +so that you know the person who contributes under the signature + +F. W. J. + +_Haulf-naked_ (Vol. viii., p. 205.).--The manor house of Halnaker, +adjoining Walberton and Goodwood, is thus spoken of by Dallaway in his +_Hist. of Sussex_, "Rape of Chichester," p. 131.:--"Halnaker, called in +_Domesday_ 'Halneche,' and in writings of very ancient date Halnac, +Halnaked, and Halfnaked." Then follows a short description of the old +manor-house. + +It has been lately visited by the Archaeological Association, under the +direction of Lord Talbot de Malahide; and it is probable that the +industrious antiquaries of Sussex will soon give us a more detailed account +of it in their next volume of _Transactions_. + +M. (2.) + +_Cambridge and Ireland_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--The story of Irish +merchants _landing_ at Cambridge is "very like a whale," "touched upon the +deserts of Bohemia." I think, however, that I can trace the source of this +glaring and oft-repeated error, as there really exists a documentary +connexion between Irish cloth and the town of Cambridge. + +Referring to a collection of notes on the ancient commerce and manufactures +of Ireland, which I have lately made, I find--cited as an instance of the +general use of Irish cloth in England at an early period--that Henry IV., +in 1410, gave a royal grant of tolls, for the purpose of paving the town of +Cambridge; in which, among other articles, Irish cloth is taxed at the rate +of twopence per hundred. The grant, "De villa Cantabrigiae paveanda," will +be found in Rymer's _Foedera_. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Autobiographical Sketch_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--The fragments found by +CHEVERELLS are parts of _The Library of Useless Knowledge_, by Athanasius +Gasker, Esq., F.R.S., &c.: London, W. Pickering, 1837. + +H. J. + +_Archbishop Chichely_ (Vol. viii., p. 198).--The Statute Book of All Souls +College; Robert Hoveden's _Life of Chichely_; and the respective Lives by +Arthur Duck and O. L. Spencer, have all been examined for the date of Henry +Chichely's birth, but without success. + +The most probable conjecture is, that he was born in 1362; since in 1442 +(see his "Letter to Pope Eugenius," printed in the Appendix to Spencer's +_Life_) he describes himself as having either completed or entered upon his +eightieth year. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +"_Discovery of the Inquisition_" (Vol. viii., p. 137.).--It is a mistake to +suppose that all John Day's publications are rare. Montanus's _Discovery +and playne Declaration of sundry subtill Practices of the Holy Inquisition +of Spayne, newly translated_, 4to., 1568, is not uncommon. Herbert and +Heber possessed copies; and a copy sold at Saunders's in 1818 for five +shillings. My own copy (a remarkably fine one) cost sixteen shillings at +Evans's in 1840. The edition of 1569, containing some additions, is of +greater rarity. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Divining Rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--In the first edition of his +_Mathematical Recreations_, Hutton laughed at the divining rod. In the +interval between that and the second edition, a lady made him change his +note, by using one before him at Woolwich. Hutton had the courage to +publish the account of the experiment in the second edition (vol. iv. pp. +216-231.), after the account he had previously given. By a letter from +Hutton to Bruce, printed in the memoir of the former which the latter +wrote, it appears that the lady was Lady Milbanke. + +M. + +"_Pinece with a stink_" (Vol. viii, p. 270.).--Archbishop Bramhall's editor +should have spelled the first word _pinnace_, and then your correspondent +MR. BLAKISTON could easily have understood the {351} allusion. In speaking +of the offensive composition, well known to sailors, the word _revenge_, +and not _defend_, was used by Bramhall. + +R. G. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 113.).--I do not think any of your +correspondents has noticed the case of John Whethamstede, Abbot of St. +Albans, who wrote a Chronicle of the period between 1441 and 1461: "He was +ordained a priest in 1382, and died in 1464, when he had been eighty-two +years in priest's orders, and was above one hundred years old." Surely this +is a case sufficiently authenticated for your more sceptical readers. +(Henry's _History of Great Britain_, 2nd ed., Lond. 1788, vol. x. p. 132.) + +TEWARS. + +_Chronograms_ (Vol. viii., pp. 42. 280.).--The following additional +specimen of this once popular form of numerical puzzle is not, I think, +unworthy a corner in "N. & Q." + +On the upper border of a sun-dial, affixed to the west end of Nantwich +Church, Cheshire, there appeared, previous to its removal about 1800, the +undermentioned inscription: + + "Honor DoMIno pro paCe popVLo sVo parta." + +Now, seeing that Nantwich was, during the civil dissensions which +culminated in the murder of Charles I., a rampant hot-bed of anarchy and +rebellion, we should hardly be prepared for such a complete repudiation of +those principles as is conveyed in the line before us, did we not know that +the same anxiety to get rid of the "Bare-bones" incubus universally +prevailed. The numerals, it will be seen, make up the number 1661, which +was the year of the coronation of King Charles II.; and, no doubt, also the +year in which the dial in question was erected. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Heraldic Notes_ (Vol. viii., p. 265.).--The bearing of the arms of Clare +Hall by Dr. Blythe is not strictly correct, because, with the exception of +the three principal Kings of Arms, the Earl Marshal, the Master of +Ordnance, and a few others especially, arms of office do not exist in +England. The general mode of bearing them is by impalement, giving the +preference (dexter) to the arms of dignity. In the example under notice, +the arms of dignity or office are borne upon a _pile_, which has somewhat +the appearance of an inverted chevron. It is not at all a common mode of +bearing additions; but I remember one case, viz. the grant by King Henry +VIII. to the Seymours, after his marriage to Lady Jane, of the lions of +England on a pile. + +BROCTUNA. + +Bury, Lancashire. + +_Christian Names_ (Vol. vii. _passim_).--May I be permitted to correct one +or two errors in MR. BATES'S Note on this subject, Vol. vii. p. 627.? + +The person described as a "certain M. L-P. Saint-Florentin" was no less a +person than the Duke de la Vrilliere, who filled several important offices +during the reign of Louis XV. The allusion in the epigram to his "trois +noms" has no reference to his _names_, whether Christian or patronymic, in +the sense in which the question has been discussed in "N. & Q.," but to the +three _titles_ which he successively bore as a public man. He commenced his +career as M. de Phelippeaux; was afterwards created Comte de +Saint-Florentin, and sometime before his death was raised to the dignity of +Duke de la Vrilliere. + +My authority for this statement is the cotemporary work, _Les Memoires +secrets de Bachaumont_, where, under date of December, 1770, the epigram is +thus introduced, with a variation in the first line: + + "Un autre plaisant a fait d'avance l'epitaphe de M. le duc de la + Vrilliere. Elle roule sur ses trois noms differents de Phelippeaux, + Saint-Florentin, et la Vrilliere: + + 'Ci-git, malgre son rang, un homme fort commun, + Ayant porte trois noms, et n'en laissant aucun.'" + +The sense being, that his titles had been his only distinction, and that +even they had not been sufficient to rescue his character from obscurity +and contempt. + +However "applicable" this epigram may be to the bearers or borrowers of +three names, it will be some comfort to them to know that its point was not +directed against them, but against a class of men of much higher +pretensions, of one of whom it has been said: + + "_He left the name_, at which the world grew pale, + To point a moral, or adorn a tale." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +"_I put a spoke in his wheel_" (Vol. viii., p. 269.).--If G.K., being +wronged, should cherish the unchristian spirit of revenge, let him +playfully insert a spoke in the wheel of his friend's tandem, as it bowls +along behind a pair of thorough-bred tits, with twelve months' hard +condition upon old oats in them. + +By simply putting a spoke in the wheel of the waggon employed in the +removal of the Manchester College to London, one trustee opposed a decided +"impediment to the movement" of that institution. + +W. C. + +P. S.--Allow me to point out a misprint at Vol. viii., p. 279, "Manners of +the Irish:" for _chuse_ read _cheese_. + +_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276.).--With respect to the +error into which I was led in making Anthony Fitzherbert _Chief_ Justice of +the Common Pleas, I beg to express my thanks for our good friend's +correction. My statement {352} was founded on the authority of the +Visitation-Book of the county of Derby, A.D. 1634, in which Anthony +Fitzherbert is "Chief Justice of ----;" and, as the question of his rank as +a judge was not one at the moment of communicating my Note, I made no +farther inquiry. I find, however, upon reference to Vincent's _Collections +for Derbyshire_, that Anthony Fitzherbert is styled, in a very good +pedigree of his family, "Unus Justiciariorum de Co[=i] Banco." Had I turned +to Dugdale's _Origines Juridiciales_, the error might have been avoided. + +THOS. W. KING (York Herald). + +_Palace at Enfield_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--Queen Elizabeth, in the early +part of her reign, frequently kept her court at Enfield. Her palace was the +manor-house, near the church, of which little now remains. In Lysons' time +(1793) it had been in a great measure rebuilt, and divided into tenements. +He adds, "the part which contains the _old room_ is in the occupation of +Mrs. Perry." + +When I saw this room, about twenty years ago, it was in its original state, +with oak panels and a richly ornamented ceiling. The chimney-piece was +supported by columns of the Ionic and Corinthian order, and decorated with +the cognizances of the rose and portcullis, and the arms of France and +England quartered, with the garter and the royal supporters. Underneath was +this motto, "Sola salus servire Deo, sunt caetera fraudes." + +In the garden was a magnificent tree, a cedar of Libanus, which was pointed +out to me as having been planted by Queen Elizabeth. But upon this point +tradition was at fault. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1779, p. 138., +may be seen an account of this remarkable cedar, which was planted by Dr. +Robert Uvedale, the botanist, a tenant of the manor-house in 1670. + +The church at Enfield does not date farther back than the middle of the +fifteenth century. The devices of a rose and ring, which occur over the +arches of the nave, seen also upon the tower of Hadley Church, with the +date 1444, "supposing it to have been, as is very probable," says Lysons, +"a punning cognizance adopted by one of the priors of Walden, to which +monastery both churches belonged, will fix the building of the present +structure at Enfield to the early part of the fifteenth century." + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Sir John Vanbrugh_ (Vol. viii., pp. 65. 160. 232.).--Are not your +correspondents on the wrong scent as regards the birthplace of Sir John +Vanbrugh? In the memoir prefixed to the collection of his _Plays_, 2 vols. +12mo., 1759, it is said: + + "Sir John Vanbrugh, an eminent dramatic writer, son of Mr. Giles + Vanbrugh of London, merchant, was born in the parish of St. Stephen's, + Walbrook, in 1666. The family of Vanbrugh were for many years merchants + of great credit and reputation at Antwerp, and came into England in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth, on account of the persecution for religion." + +Mr. Cunningham (_Handbook of London_, p. 282.) speaks of _William_ +Vanderbergh, the supposed father of Sir John, as residing in +Lawrence-Poultney Lane in 1677. He refers to Strype's map of Walbrook and +Dowgate wards, and _A Collection of the Names of the Merchants living in +and about the City of London_, 12mo. 1677. + +The writer of the notice of Sir John Vanbrugh in Chambers' _Cyclopaedia of +English Literature_, vol. i. p. 597., says: + + "Vanbrugh was the son of a successful sugar-baker, who rose to be an + esquire, and comptroller of the treasury chamber, besides marrying the + daughter of Sir Dudley Carlton. It is doubtful whether the dramatist + was born in the French Bastile, or the parish of St. Stephen's, + Walbrook. The time of his birth was about the year 1666, when Louis + XIV. declared war against England. It is certain he was in France at + the age of nineteen, and remained there some years." + +The family vault of the Vanbrughs is certainly in St. Stephen's Church, +Walbrook, where Sir John was buried on the 30th of March, 1726. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Greek Inscription on a Font_ (Vol. viii., p. 198.).---This Query has +already been answered and illustrated in Vol. vii., pp. 178. 366. 417.; but +the following passage may be of interest, as affording instances of the +same inscription in France, and pointing out the probable source of its +usage, viz. from the ancient Greek metropolitan church at Constantinople: + + "St. Memin est une abbaye celebre sous l'ancien nom de Micy, sur la + riviere de Loire, proche d'Orleans. Il y a dans l'eglise de ce + monastere un benetier de forme ronde, avec cette inscription grecque + gravee sur le bord du bassin, [GREEK: NIPSON ANOMEMA MEMONAN OPSIN]. La + meme chose est a Paris, au benetier de St. Etienne d'Egres, et aussi + autrefois a celui de Sainte Sophie a Constantinople."--_Voyages + liturgiques de France, par le Sieur Moleon_, p. 219., 8vo. 1718. + +It may be added (on Cole's authority, vol. XXXV. f. 19b.) that the same +inscription is inscribed round a large silver basin used formerly at the +master's table on festival days, in Trinity College Hall, Cambridge; and I +have also seen it on a sliver-gilt rose-water basin, introduced at the +banquets given by the master of Magdalene College in the same university. + +[mu]. + +"_Fierce_" (Vol. viii., p. 280.).--In this part of the country the words +_pert_, pronounced "peart," and _pure_, bear the same meaning, of well in +health and spirits. + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +{353} + +_Giving Quarter_ (Vol. viii., p. 246.).--It must be observed that the older +form of the expression is "keeping quarter:" + + "That every one should kill the man he caught, + To _keep no quarter_."--_Drayton in Richardson._ + +Now very obvious application of the word _quarter_, instanced by Todd, is +to signify the proper station or appointed place of any one. + + "They do best who, if they cannot but admit love, yet make it _keep + quarter_, and sever it wholly from their serious affairs."--Bacon's + _Essays_. + +To keep quarter, then, is to keep within measure, within the limits or +bounds appointed by some paramount consideration; and hence, as in the +following passage from Shakspeare (where it is clumsily interpreted amity +or companionship), the word is used as synonymous with terms or conditions: + + "Friends all but now, + In quarter and in terms like bride and groom + Divesting them for bed, and then but now + Swords out and tilting one at other's breast." + +In the same sense Clarendon speaks of "offering them _quarter_ for their +lives if they would give up the castle," _i. e._ offering them conditions +for their lives on their performing their part of the bargain. + +Again, in a passage of Swift, cited by Todd: "Mr. Wharton, who detected +some hundred of the bishop's mistakes, meets with very ill quarter from his +Lordship," _i. e._ meets with very ill conditions of treatment from him. +Finally, _to give quarter_ in the military sense is to give conditions +absolutely, as opposed to the unmitigated exercise of the victor's power, +and, as the most important of all conditions, to spare life. + +H. W. + +_Sheriffs of Glamorganshire_ (Vol. iii., p. 186.).--The list of the +Glamorganshire sheriffs here inquired for was not printed by Mr. Traherne, +but by the Rev. H. H. Knight, M.A., of Neath, and of Nottage Court, in +Glamorganshire: it is a little pamphlet in a paper cover. + +TEWARS. + +"_When the maggot bites_" (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--A correspondent asks why +a thing done on the spur of the moment is said to be done "when the maggot +bites." It signifies rather doing a thing when the fancy takes one. When a +person acts from no apparent motive in external circumstances, he is said +to have a maggot in his head, to have a bee in his bonnet or, in French, +"Avoir des rats dans la tete;" in Platt-Deutsch, to have a mouse-nest in +his head, the eccentric behaviour being attributed to the influence of the +internal irritation. + +H. W. + +_Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages_ (Vol. viii., p. +174.).--Your correspondent M. will find much valuable information on this +subject in a work entitled _Thoughts on the Origin and Descent of the +Gael_, by James Grant, Esq., Advocate: Edinburgh, Constable & Co., 1814. + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +_Bacon's Essays_ (Vol. viii., p. 143.).--Bacon's Essay VII.: "Optimum +elige," &c. Pythagoras, in _Plutarch de Exilio_.--Essay XV.: "Dolendi +modus," &c. Plin., lib. viii. ep. 17. fin. + +C. P. E. + +"_Exiguum est._" _&c._ (Vol. viii., p. 197.).--"Exiguum est ad legem bonum +esse." Vide _Senec. de Ira_, ii. 27. + +C. P. E. + +_Muffs worn by Military Men on a March_ (Vol. viii., p. 281.).--In the year +1592 the Duke of Nevers was despatched by Henry IV. with all speed to a +place called Bully, in order to cut off the retreat of the Duke of Guise, +lately defeated near Bures. Sully speaks of him thus: + + "The Duke of Nevers, the slowest of men, began by sending to make + choice of the most favourable roads, and marched with a slow pace + towards Bully, with his hands and his nose in his muff, and his whole + person well packed up in his coach."--_Memoirs of Sully_, vol. i. p. + 235., English edit., Edinburgh, 1773. + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +"_Earth says to Earth_" (Vol. vii., pp. 498. 576.).--A fac-simile of these +lines, discovered in the chapel of the Guild of the Holy Cross at +Stratford-on-Avon (with many other curious plates), may be seen in Fisher's +_Illustrations of the Paintings_, &c., edited by J. G. Nichols, Esq., and +published in 1802, and afterwards continued. + +ERICA speaks of "Weaver's" Account. Unless this is a misprint for +"Wheler's" (_Account of Stratford-on-Avon_), perhaps he will oblige me with +the full title of Weaver's work. + +ESTE. + +_Poetical Tavern Signs_ (Vol. viii., p. 242.).--I would add the following +sign-inscription to those noted by R. C. WARDE. It was on the walls of a +tavern half-way up Richmond Hill, three miles south of Douglas, Isle of +Man, kept by a man of the name of Abraham Lowe: + + "I'm Abraham Lowe, and half-way up the hill, + If I were higher up, what's funnier still, + I should be belowe. Come in and take your fill + Of porter, ale, wine, spirits, what you will. + Step in, my friend, I pray no farther go; + My prices, like myself, are always low." + +J. G. C. + +_Unkid_ (Vol. viii., p. 221.).--Is not the word _hunks_, so common in +people's mouths,--_An old hunks_, an old miser or miserable wretch, to be +referred to the same derivation as _unkid_, _hunkid_? + +F. B--w. + +{354} + +_Camera Lucida_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--CARET will find Dr. Wollaston's +description of his invention, the "Camera Lucida," in the 17th volume of +_Nicholson's Journal_. + +M. C. M. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +Messrs. MacMillan of Cambridge have commenced the publication of a series +of theological manuals by _A History of the Christian Church_ (_Middle +Age_), by Charles Hardwick, M.A.; which, although written for this series, +claims to be regarded as an integral and independent treatise on the +Mediaeval Church. The work, which extends from the time of Gregory the Great +to 1520, when Luther, having been extruded from those churches that adhered +to the communion of the Pope, established a provisional form of government, +and opened a fresh era in the history of Europe, is distinguished by the +same diligent research and conscientious acknowledgment of authorities +which procured for Mr. Hardwick's _History of the Articles of Religion_ +such a favourable reception. The work is illustrated by four maps, which +have been especially constructed for it by Mr. A. Keith Johnston. + +The amiable and accomplished author of _Proposals for Christian Union_, and +of _Welsh Sketches_, has just issued the third and concluding series of his +little volumes on Welsh history, civil and ecclesiastical. We have no doubt +that the eight chapters of which it consists, and in which he treats of +Edward the Black Prince, Owen Glyndwr, Prince of Wales, Mediaeval Bardism, +and the Welsh Church, will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all +sons of the Principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion +of our island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and +language still linger. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Journal of Sacred Literature_, No. IX. for October, +continues to put forth strong claims to the support of those who have a +taste for pure biblical literature. From the address of its new editor, it +would seem not to be so well known as the object for which it is +established plainly deserves.--_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_, Part XIII. for +October, continues its useful course. Every succeeding number only serves +to prove how valuable the work will be when completed.--_The Shakspeare +Repository_, edited by J. H. Fennell, No. III., is well worth the attention +of our numerous Shakspearian readers. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. Vol. I. + +AUSTIN CHEIRONOMIA. + +REV. E. IRVING'S ORATIONS ON DEATH, JUDGEMENT, HEAVEN, AND HELL. + +THOMAS GARDENER'S HISTORY OF DUNWICH. + +MARSH'S HISTORY OF HURSLEY AND BADDESLEY. About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies. + +NICEPHORUS CATENA ON THE PENTATEUCH. + +PROCOPIUS GAZAEUS. + +WATT'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA. Parts V. and VI. + +MAXWELL'S DIGEST OF THE LAW OF INTESTATES. + +CARLYLE'S CHARTISM. Crown 8vo. 2nd Edition. + +THE BUILDER, No. 520. + +OSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635. + +GAFFARELL'S UNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES. Translated by Chelmead. London. 12mo. +1650. + +BEAUMONT'S PSYCHE. 2nd Edit. folio. Camb., 1702. + +PAMPHLETS. + +JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789. + +REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807. + +ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809. + +THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821. + +THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822. + +WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837. + +SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names and addresses._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKS WANTED.--_We believe that gentlemen in want of particular books, +either by way of loan or purchase, would find great facilities in obtaining +them if their names and addresses were published, so that parties having +the books might communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on +this belief, we shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law +respecting advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire +to avail themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and +addresses_--_unless specially requested not to do so_. + +J. N. RADCLIFFE. _We shall be glad to receive the Legendary Lore mentioned +by our Correspondent._ + +REV. H. G. _Your letter has been forwarded to_ A. F. B. (Diss). + +S. Z. Z. S. _We have a letter waiting for this Correspondent; how can we +forward it?_ + +C. E. F. _Warm water and a few small shot will thoroughly cleanse the +bottles in which collodion has been kept._ + +AN AMATEUR EXPERIMENTALIST. _Formerly the pint used in the compounding of +medicines, chemicals, &c. consisted of sixteen fluid ounces, weighing one +pound Avoirdupois weight. Now the imperial pint of twenty ounces is in +general use. The Troy and apothecaries' ounce are the same, and contain +forty grains more than the Avoirdupois ounce. In making collodion, take any +quantity of ether, and dissolve the gun cotton in it; if too thick, it may +always be reduced by the addition of more ether. Uniodized collodion may be +bought quite as cheap as it may be made; and it generally has the advantage +of having been made in a large body, and allowed time to settle, whereby +the clear portion only is more easily decanted off for sale._ + +_Having active professional duties, it has been only at his leisure that_ +DR. DIAMOND _has been enabled to give his attention to Photography, which +has been the main cause of the delay complained of; but the delay will +prove an advantage, for such important improvements are almost daily taking +place in the art that works published a short time since are becoming +comparatively useless._ + +HUGH HENDERSON. _1st, Black Japan varnish is very improper for your +positive pictures; it often cracks, and is long in drying. Black lacquer +varnish, procurable at Strong's, the varnish makers in Long Acre, is the +best we have been able to procure. 2nd, The solution for development will +keep any length of time; you may use it by dipping or otherwise_. + +W.C., _who recommends the use of a plate glass bath enveloped in gutta +percha, is informed that we have had such a bath in use for many months, +and it answers our purpose exceedingly well_. + +ABRAHAM. _As we have often said before, we think that a good lens requires +no "actinic" focus to find. In a properly constructed lens the chemical and +visual foci are identical; and we would ourselves not be troubled with the +use of one in which they differed. Our advertising columns will point out +to you where such a lens man be procured. We believe, where there is a +difference between the two foci, chemical and visual, that other +distortions also take place, accounting for some of the unpleasant effects +complained of in Photography._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price +Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is +desirable_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday_, _so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels_, _and deliver them +to their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +{355} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + * * * * * + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +BANK OF DEPOSIT. + +7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London. + +PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of +this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with +perfect Security. + +Interest payable in January and July. + + PETER MORRISON, + Managing Director. + +Prospectuses free on application. + + * * * * * + + +DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest. +To be had in great variety at + +McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street. + +Price List Gratis. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S +HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. + + * * * * * + +THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual +remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves +fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, +liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia +(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, +flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, +rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, +and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, +fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. + +_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_ + + Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES." + + Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, + nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness + at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent + food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." + + Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured + by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, + Tiverton." + + Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with + cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." + +_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ + + "Bonn, July 19. 1852. + + "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, + all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of + body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys + and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp + of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption. + + "DR. RUD WURZER. + "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." + +London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her +Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all +respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably +packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. +6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. +and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry +Co., 77. Regent Street, London. + +IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious +imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and +others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name +BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which +none is genuine_. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, price 4s. 6d. By Post, 5s. + +THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By PHILIP +DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by the +Collodion Process. This Manual contains much practical information of a +valuable nature. + +JOSEPH CUNDALL, 198. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +{356} + +MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS IN ITALY. + +The following are now ready. + +HANDBOOK FOR NORTH ITALY.--Being a Guide to SARDINIA, LOMBARDY, VENICE, +PARMA, PIACENZA, MODENA, LUCCA, FLORENCE, and TUSCANY as far as the VAL +D'ARNO. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 9s. + +II. + +HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part I.--Being a Guide to SOUTHERN TUSCANY and +the PAPAL STATES. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 7s. + +III. + +HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part II.--Being a Guide to ROME and its +Environs. With Plan, Post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.) + +IV. + +HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN ITALY.--Being a Guide to the CONTINENTAL PORTION of +the TWO SICILIES, including NAPLES, POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, VESUVIUS, BAY OF +NAPLES, &c. With Map and Plans. Post 8vo. 15s. + +V. + +HANDBOOK TO THE ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF PAINTING. From the German of Kugler. +With 100 Illustrations from the Old Masters. Post 8vo. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads: +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +DAILY CHURCH SERVICES in one Portable Volume, containing the Prayers and +Lessons for daily use, or the Course of Scripture Readings for the Year, +authorised by the Church. Also a Table of the Proper Lessons for Sundays +and Holydays, with references to the pages. Price 10s. 6d. bound, or 16s. +in Hayday's Morocco. + +This book is also kept by any respectable bookseller in a variety of +elegant bindings. + +Oxford & London: J. H. Parker. + + * * * * * + + +THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY, No. VI., OCTOBER. + + CONTENTS. + 1. Cyphers. + 2. Roman London. + 3. The Table-Turner outdone. + 4. Turkey--its Past and Present. + 5. A String of Facts about Siam. + 6. Symbolic Jewellery. + 7. Tanglewood Tales, for Girls and Boys. + 8. A few Notes from Cairo. + +Price One Shilling. + +London: JOHN HENRY PARKER. + + * * * * * + + +Just published in fcp. 8vo., illustrated with Wood-engravings by Jewitt. +price 5s. cloth. + +SCOTLAND AND THE SCOTTISH CHURCH, by the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of +Figheldean, Wilts, Author of "America and the American Church," &c. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by +Special Permission to THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. + +PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. + +The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. +The Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, +including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a +Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE. Musical Instructor and Organist +to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. +J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell Street, Millbank. Westminster, on the receipt of a +Post-office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal +Booksellers and Music Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."--_Musical + World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of a very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."--_John Bull._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + +Also, lately published, + +J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel +Royal St. James, price 2s. + +C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +Fifth Edition, 16s. + +HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. By THOMAS VOWLER SHORT, D.D., Lord Bishop +of St. Asaph. + +By the same Author, WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY? + +Cheaper Edition. 1s. 6d. + +JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Cheaper Edition, Two Volumes octavo, 25s. + +SYSTEM OF LOGIC. By JOHN STUART MILL. + +By the same Author, PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. Third Edition. Two +Volumes octavo, 30s. + +JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Foolscap Octavo, 3s. 6d. + +GOETHE'S OPINIONS ON THE WORLD, MANKIND, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART. +Translated by OTTO WENCKSTERN. + +JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Book Auction Rooms, 191. Piccadilly. Established 1794. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their Season for Sales of Literary +Property will commence on Wednesday next, October 12. In addressing +Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, and +collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, Autographs, +Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, Objects of Art and Vertu, and +Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, would suggest a +sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of obtaining their full +value; and they flatter themselves that the central situation of their +premises (near St. James's Church), their extensive connexion of more than +half a century's standing, and the careful circulation of their Catalogues +in all parts of the country, and occasionally throughout Europe and +America, are advantages that will not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. +will also receive small parcels of Books or other Literary Property, and +insert them in occasional sales with property of a kindred description, +thus giving the same advantages to the possessor of a few Lots as to the +owner of a large Collection. + +*** Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the Probate or Legacy +Duty, or for Public or Private Sale. + + * * * * * + + +Library, Bookcase, Fire-proof Safe, &c. + +SIX DAYS' SALE. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Wednesday, October 12th, +and Five following days, Sunday excepted, a Large and Valuable Collection +of Books, from several Private Libraries, consisting of Standard Works, +English and Foreign, in most Departments of Literature: amongst which are, +Manning and Bray's History of Surrey, 3 vols.; Clutterbuck's History of +Hertfordshire, 3 vols.; Polwhele's History of Devon, 3 vols.; Stowe's +London, by Strype, 2 vols., best edition; Vesputius' Neue unbekanthe +Landte, 1508, rare; Ludolphus de Suchen de Terra Sancta, editio princeps, +rare; Shakspeare's Works, second edition 1632, third edition 1663; Holy +Bible. Macklins's splendid edition, 3 vols., half russia; D'Oyley and +Mants' Commentary, 3 vols.; Penny Cyclopaedia, 27 vols., calf extra; the +separate and collected works of many Popular Authors; Law Books; a few +Curious Broadsides; some Interesting Heraldic and Genealogical Collections; +about 500 vols. of Novels and Romances; a few Engravings; a set of +Raphael's Cartoons, framed; a neat Mahogany Bookcase; Fire-proof Safe; +Curious Antique Guipure Lace; and other valuable Miscellaneous Property. +Catalogues will be sent on application: if in the country, on receipt of +six stamps. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October +8. 1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 350, "entered upon his eightieth year": 'eighteenth' in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 206, October +8, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 27005.txt or 27005.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/0/0/27005/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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