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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 206, October 8, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27005] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 333 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page333"></a>{333}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 206.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, October 8. 1853.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Newspapers: "The Times," Daily Press &c., by H. M. + Bealby</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page333">333</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"In quietness and confidence shall be your strength," by Joshua G. + Fitch</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page335">335</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Binders of the Volumes in the Harleian Library</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page335">335</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>French Verse, by Thos. Keightley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>A Spanish Play-bill, by William Robson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by Robert Rawlinson, C. Mansfield + Ingleby, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Injustice, its + Origin—Two Brothers of the same Christian Name—Female + Parish Clerk</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page338">338</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Descendants of Milton</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page339">339</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>An anxious Query from the Hymmalayas</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page339">339</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—"De la Schola de + Sclavoni"—Mineral Acids—Richard Geering—Stipendiary + Curates—Our Lady of Rounceval—Roden's Colt—Sir + Christopher Wren and the Young Carver—Vellum + Cleaning—Dionysia in Bœotia—Poll Tax in + 1641—Thomas Chester Bishop Of Elphin, 1580—Rev. Urban + Vigors—Early English MSS.—Curing of Henry + IV.—Standard of Weights and Measures—Parish Clerks' + Company—Orange Blossom—Mr. Pepys his + Queries—Foreign Medical Education</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page339">339</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with + Answers</span>:—Chandler, Bishop of Durham—Huggins and + Muggins—Balderdash—Lovell, Sculptor—St. Werenfrid + and Butler's "Lives of the Saints"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page341">341</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir W. Hankford—Gascoigne's Tomb, by Mr. Foss, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Translation of the Prayer Book into French</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page343">343</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Praying to the West</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page343">343</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Jacob Bobart, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page344">344</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Early Use of Tin.—Derivation of the Name of Britain, by the + Rev. Dr. Hincks and Fras. Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page344">344</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Yew-trees in Churchyards, by J. G. Cumming, Wm. W. King, + &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page346">346</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Stars are the Flowers of Heaven, by W. Fraser</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page346">346</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books burned by the common Hangman, by John S. Burn, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page346">346</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Stereoscopic Angles—Mr. Pumphrey's + Process for securing black Tints in Positives</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page348">348</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor + Queries</span>:—Baskerville the Printer—Lines on + Woman—Haulf-naked—Cambridge and + Ireland—Autobiographical Sketch—Archbishop + Chichely—"Discovery of the Inquisition"—Divining + Rod—"Pinece with a + stink"—Longevity—Chronograms—Heraldic + Notes—Christian Names—"I put a spoke in his + wheel"—Judges styled Reverend—Palace at Enfield—Sir + John Vanbrugh—Greek Inscription on a + Font—"Fierce"—Giving Quarter—Sheriffs of + Glamorganshire—"When the maggot bites"—Connexion between + the Celtic and Latin Languages—Bacon's Essays, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page349">349</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page354">354</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page354">354</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page354">354</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page355">355</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON NEWSPAPERS: "THE TIMES," DAILY +PRESS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>A newspaper, rightly conducted, is a potent power in promoting the + well-being of universal man. It is also a highly moral power—for it + quickens mind everywhere, and puts in force those principles which tend + to lessen human woe, and to exalt and dignify our common humanity. The + daily press, for the most part, aims to correct error—whether + senatorial, theological, or legal. It pleads in earnest tones for the + removal of public wrong, and watches with a keen eye the rise and fall of + great interests. It teaches with commanding power, and makes its + influence felt in the palace of the monarch, as well as through all + classes of the community. It helps on, in the path of honorable ambition, + the virtuous and the good. It never hesitates or falters, however + formidable the foe. It never crouches, however injurious to itself the + free and undisguised utterance of some truths may be. It is outspoken. + When the nation requires them, it is bold and fearless in propounding + great changes, though they may clash with the expectations of a powerful + class. It heeds the reverses to which a nation is subjected, and turns + them to good account. It does not abuse its power, and is never menaced. + It is unshackled, and therefore has a native growth. It looks on the + movements of the wide world calmly, deliberately, and intelligently. We + believe the independency of the daily press can never be bribed, or its + patronage won by unlawful means. Its mission is noble, and the presiding + sentiment of the varied intellect employed upon it is "the greatest good + to the greatest number." It never ceases in its operations. It is a + perpetual thing: always the same in many of its aspects, and yet always + new. It is untiring in its efforts, and unimpeded in its career. We look + for it every day with an unwavering confidence, with an almost absolute + certainty. Power and freshness are its principal characteristics; and + with these it combines a healthy tone, a fearless courage, and an + invincible determination. That it has its imperfections, we do not + deny—and what agency is <!-- Page 334 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page334"></a>{334}</span>without them? It is not free from error, + and no estate of the realm can be. The purity of the public press will be + increased as Christianity advances. There is no nation in the world which + can boast of a press so moral, and so just, as the daily newspaper press + of Great Britain. The victories it achieves are seen and felt by all: and + when compared with the newspaper press of other countries, it has + superior claims to our admiration and regard.</p> + + <p>Taking <i>The Times</i> as the highest type of that class of + newspapers which we denominate the daily press, these remarks will more + particularly apply. The history of such a paper, and its wonderful + career, is not sufficiently known, and its great commercial and + intellectual power not adequately estimated. The extinction of such a + journal (could we suppose such a thing,) would be a public calamity. Its + vast influence is felt throughout the civilised world; and we believe + <i>that</i> influence, generally speaking, is on the side of right, and + for the promotion of the common weal. It is strange that such an organ of + public sentiment should have been charged with the moral turpitude of + receiving bribes. That it should destroy its reputation, darken its fair + fame, and undermine the very foundation of its prosperity, by a course so + degrading, we find it impossible to believe. We feel assured it is far + removed from everything of the kind: that its course is marked by great + honesty of purpose, and its exalted aim will never allow it to stoop to + anything so beneath the dignity of its character, and so repugnant to + every sense of rectitude and propriety. It is no presumption to assert + that, under such overt influences, it remains unmoved and immovable; and + to reiterate a remark made in the former part of this article, "its + independency can never be bribed, or its patronage won by unlawful + means." Looking at it in its colossal strength, and with its omnipotent + power (for truth is omnipotent), it may be classed, without any + impropriety, among the wonders of the world.</p> + + <p>Allow me to give to the readers of "N. & Q." the following facts + in connexion with <i>The Times</i>, and on the subject of newspapers + generally. They are deserving of a place in your valuable journal. There + were sold of <i>The Times</i> on Nov. 19, 1852, containing an account of + the Duke of Wellington's funeral, 70,000 copies: these were worked off at + the rate of from 10,000 to 12,000 an hour. <i>The Times</i> of Jan. 10, + 1806, with an account of the funeral of Lord Nelson, is a small paper + compared with <i>The Times</i> of the present day. Its size is nineteen + inches by thirteen: having about eighty advertisements, and occupying, + with woodcuts of the coffin and funeral car, a space of fifteen inches by + nine. Nearly fifty years have elapsed since then, and now the same paper + frequently publishes a double supplement, which, with the paper itself, + contains the large number of about 1,700 advertisements.<a + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> 54,000 copies of + <i>The Times</i> were sold when the Royal Exchange was opened by the + Queen; 44,500 at the close of Rush's trial. 1828, the circulation of + <i>The Times</i> was under 7,000 a day; now its average circulation is + about 42,000 a day, or 12,000,000 annually.<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> The gross proceeds of <i>The + Times</i>, in 1828, was about 45,000<i>l.</i> a year: and, from an + article which appeared twelve months ago in its columns, it now enjoys a + gross income equal to that of a flourishing German principality.</p> + + <p>We believe we are correct when we assert, that there were sold of the + <i>Illustrated London News</i>, with a narrative of the Duke's funeral (a + double number), 400,000 copies. One newsman is said to have taken 1000 + quires double number, or 2000 quires single number: making 27,000 double + papers, or 54,000 single papers (twenty-seven papers being the number to + a quire), and for which he must have paid 1075<i>l.</i><a + name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> It is a + remarkable fact, that Manchester, with a population of 400,000, has but + three newspapers; Liverpool, with 367,000, eleven; Glasgow, with 390,000, + sixteen; Dublin, with but 200,000, no less than twenty-two. The largest + paper ever known was published some years ago by Brother Jonathan, and + called the <i>Boston Notion</i>. The head letters stand two inches high; + the sheet measures five feet ten inches by four feet one inch, being + about twenty-four square feet; it is a double sheet, with ten columns in + each page; making in all eighty columns, containing 1,000,000 letters, + and sold for 3½<i>d.</i> In the good old times, one of the earliest + provincial newspapers in the southern part of the kingdom was printed by + a man named Mogridge, who used to insert the intelligence from Yorkshire + under the head "Foreign News."</p> + + <p>It is curious to search a file of old newspapers. It is seldom we have + the opportunity of doing so, because we rarely preserve them in + consecutive order. It is easy to keep them, and would repay the trouble, + and their value would increase as years rolled on. Such reading would be + very interesting, and more so than we can at all imagine. It is a history + of every day, and a record of a people's sayings and doings. It throws us + back on the past, and makes forgotten times live again. Some of the early + volumes of <i>The Times</i> newspaper, for instance, would be a curiosity + in their <!-- Page 335 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page335"></a>{335}</span>way. We should read them with special + interest, as reflecting the character of the age in which they appeared, + and as belonging to a series exercising a mighty influence in moulding + and guiding the commercial and political opinions of this great nation. + The preservation of a newspaper, if it be but a weekly one, will become a + source of instruction and amusement to our descendants in generations to + come.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. M. Bealby.</span></p> + + <p class="address">North Brixton.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>The largest number of advertisements in one paper with a double + supplement was in June last, 2,250.</p> + + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>The quantity of paper used for <i>The Times</i> with a single + supplement is 126 reams, each ream weighing 92 lbs., or 7 tons weight of + paper; with a double supplement, 168 reams.</p> + + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>During the week of the Duke's funeral, there were issued by the Stamp + Office to the newspaper press more than 2,000,000 of stamps.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>"IN QUIETNESS AND CONFIDENCE SHALL BE YOUR +STRENGTH."</h3> + + <p>There is an old house in the "Dom Platz," at Frankfort, in which + Luther lived for some years. A bust of him in relief is let into the + outer wall; it is a grim-looking ungainly effigy, coarsely coloured, and + of very small pretensions as a work of art; but evidently of a date not + much later than the time of the great Iconoclast. Round the figure, the + following words are deeply cut: "In silentio et in spe, erit fortitudo + vestra." Can any of your readers tell me whether any particular + circumstance of Luther's life led him to adopt this motto, or otherwise + identified it with his name; or whether the text was merely selected by + some admirer after his death, to garnish this memorial?</p> + + <p>In either case it is not uninteresting to notice, that this passage of + Scripture has been employed more than any other as the watchword of that + religious movement in the English Church which we are accustomed to + associate with Oxford and the year 1833. It forms the motto on the + title-page of the <i>Christian Year</i>; it has been very conspicuous in + the writings of many eminent defenders of the same school of theology, + and it is thus alluded to by Dr. Pusey in the preface to that celebrated + sermon on the Eucharist, for which he received the University + censure:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Since I can now speak in no other manner, I may in this way utter one + word to the young, to whom I have heretofore spoken from a more solemn + place; I would remind them how almost prophetically, sixteen years ago, + in the volume which was the unknown dawn and harbinger of the + re-awakening of deeper truth, this was given as the watchword to those + who should love the truth, 'In quietness and confidence shall be your + strength.' There have been manifold tokens that patience is the one great + grace which God is now calling forth in our church," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I will not here inquire which of the two great religious revolutions I + have mentioned has been more truly characterised by the spirit of this + beautiful and striking text, but perhaps some of your readers will agree + with me in thinking that the coincidence is at least a note-worthy one; + and not the less so, because it was probably undesigned.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Joshua G. Fitch.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BINDERS OF THE VOLUMES IN THE HARLEIAN +LIBRARY.</h3> + + <p>In Dr. Dibdin's <i>Bibliographical Decameron</i>, 1817, vol. ii. p. + 503., he thus introduces the subject:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The commencement of the eighteenth century saw the rise and progress + of the rival libraries of Harley and Sunderland. What a field, therefore, + was here for the display of the bibliopegistic art! Harley usually + preferred red morocco, with a broad border of gold, and the fore-edges of + the leaves without colour or gilt. Generally speaking, the Harleian + volumes are most respectably bound; but they have little variety, and the + style of art which they generally exhibit rather belongs to works of + devotion."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In a note on the above passage, Dibdin adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I have often consulted my bibliomaniacal friends respecting the name + of the binder or binders of the Harleian Library. Had Bagford or Wanley + the chief direction? I suspect the <i>latter</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If Dr. Dibdin and his "bibliomaniacal friends" had not preferred the + easy labour of looking at printed title-pages to the rather more + laborious task of examining manuscripts, they might readily have solved + the Query thus raised by referring to Wanley's <i>Autograph Diary</i>, + preserved in the Lansdowne Collection, Nos. 771, 772, which proves that + the binders employed by Lord Oxford were Christopher Chapman of Duck + Lane, and Thomas Elliot. Very many entries occur between January 1719-20 + and May 1726, relative to the binding both of manuscripts and books in + morocco and calf; and it appears, in regard to the former material, that + it was supplied by Lord Oxford himself. Some of these entries will show + the jealous care exercised by honest Humphrey Wanley over the charge + committed to him.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"25th January, 1719-20. This day having inspected Mr. Elliot's bill, I + found him exceedingly dear in all the work of Morocco, Turkey, and Russia + leather, besides that of velvet.</p> + + <p>"28th January, ——. Mr. Elliot the bookbinder came, to whom + I produced the observations I made upon his last bill, showing him that + (without catching at every little matter) my Lord might have had the same + work done as well and cheaper, by above 31<i>l.</i> He said that he could + have saved above eight pounds in the fine books, and yet they should have + looked well. That he now cannot do them so cheap as he rated them at; + that no man can do so well as himself, or near the rates I set against + his. But, upon the whole, said he would write to my Lord upon the + subject.</p> + + <p>"13th July, 1721. Mr. Elliot having clothed the <span + class="scac">CODEX AVREVS</span> in my Lord's Morocco leather, took the + same from hence this day, in order to work upon it with his best tools; + which, he says, he can do with much more convenience at his house than + here.</p> + + <p>"19th January, 1721-22. Mr. Chapman came, and received three books for + present binding. And upon <!-- Page 336 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page336"></a>{336}</span>his request I delivered (by order) six + Morocco skins to be used in my Lord's service. He desires to have them at + a cheap price, and to bind as before. I say that my Lord will not turn + leather-seller, and therefore he must bring hither his proposals for + binding with my Lord's Morocco skins; otherwise his Lordship will appoint + some other binder to do so.</p> + + <p>"17th September, 1725. Mr. Elliot brought the parcel I last delivered + unto him, but took one back to amend a blunder in the lettering. He said + that he has used my Lord's doe-skin upon six books, and that they may + serve instead of calf; only the grain is coarser, like that of sheep, and + this skin was tanned too much.</p> + + <p>"23rd December, 1725. Mr. Chapman came, but I gave him no work; + chiding him for being so slow in my Lord's former business, which he had + frequently postponed, that he might serve the booksellers the + sooner."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">μ</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>FRENCH VERSE.</h3> + + <p>In the <i>Diary of T. Moore</i> I lately read, with some surprise, the + following passages:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Attended watchfully to her [Mdlle Duchesnois] recitative, and find + that in nine verses out of ten 'A cobbler there was, and he lived in a + stall' is the tune of the French heroics."—April 24, 1821.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Two lines I met in Athalie; how else than according to the 'Cobbler + there was,' &c., can they be repeated?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'N'a pour servir sa cause et venger ses injures,</p> + <p>Ni le cœur assez droit, ni les mains assez pures.'"—May 30, 1821.</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>Now, if this be the mode of reading these lines, I confess all my + ideas are erroneous with respect to French poetry. I have always + considered that though hemistichs and occasionally whole lines occur in + it, which bear a resemblance to the Spanish Versos de Arte Mayor, the + anapæstic measure of "A Cobbler" is quite foreign to it. I may, however, + be mistaken; and it is in the hope of eliciting information on the + subject that I send these few remarks to "N. & Q." Should it appear + that I am not wrong, I will on a future occasion endeavour to develop my + ideas of the French rhythm; a subject that I cannot recollect to have + seen treated in a satisfactory manner in any French work.</p> + + <p>Bishop Tegnér, the poet of Sweden, seems also to have differed in + opinion with Moore respecting the rhythm of French poetry, for he + compares it to the dancing of a deaf man, who forms his steps accurate, + but who does not keep time. Both are alike mistaken, in my opinion; and + their error arises from their judging French poetry by rules that are + foreign to it. The rhythm of French verse is peculiar, and differs from + that of any other language.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>A SPANISH PLAY-BILL.</h3> + + <p>Though not much a frequenter of theatres of late, I was recently + induced, by the flourishing public announcements, to go to Drury Lane + Theatre; with the chance, but scarcely in the hope, of seeing what I + never yet have seen, a perfect Othello. Alas! echo still answers <i>never + yet</i>. But yours are not the pages for dramatic criticism.</p> + + <p>As my bill lay before me, I could not help thinking what an execrably + bad taste our modern managers show in the extravagant and ridiculous + announcement of the splendour of the <i>star</i> you come to contemplate! + If Mr. Brooke have great merit, he needs not all this sound of trumpets; + if he have it not, he is only rendered the more contemptible by it. I + have some of the play-bills of John Kemble's last performances before me, + and there is none of this fustian: the fact, the performance, and the + name are simply announced. If our taste improves in some respects, it + does not in this; it is a retrogression—a royal theatre sinking + back into the booth of a fair. Shakspeare's and Byron's texts have been + converted into the showman's explanations of panoramas: to what vile uses + they may be next applied, there is no guessing. Poor Shakspeare! how I + have pitied him, and you too, Mr. Editor, as I have seen him for so many + months undergoing the operation of the <i>teazle</i> in "N. & Q.!" I + hope there will be soon an end of this "skimble stuff," "signifying + nothing."</p> + + <p>But my observation upon the Drury Lane play-bill reminded me of one I + have in my common-place book; and, as a correspondent and reader of "N. + & Q.," I think it my duty to send it:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>A Spanish Play-bill, exhibited at Seville</i>, 1762.</p> + + <p>"To the Sovereign of Heaven—to the Mother of the Eternal + World—to the Polar Star of Spain—to the Comforter of all + Spain—to the faithful Protectress of the Spanish Nation—to + the Honour and Glory of the Most Holy Virgin Mary—for her benefit, + and for the Propagation of her Worship—the company of Comedians + will this day give a representation of the Comic Piece called—</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Nanine.</span></p> + + <p>The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango, and the Theatre + will be respectably illuminated."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Robson.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Stockwell.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>The Meteorology of Shakspeare.</i>—A treatise might be + written on meteorology, and might be illustrated entirely by passages + taken from the writings of "the world's greatest poet." "N. & Q." may + not be the fitting medium for a lengthened treatise, but it is the most + proper depository of a few loose Notes on the subject. <!-- Page 337 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page337"></a>{337}</span>Those who + study Shakspeare should, to understand him, thoroughly study Nature at + the same time: but to our meteorology. Recent observers have classified + clouds as under:</p> + + +<table width="50%" class="allb" summary="Types of cloud." title="Types of cloud."> + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p>Howard's Latin<br /> + Nomenclature.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center; width:25%"> + <p>Foster's English<br /> + Names.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left; width:50%"> + <p>Local Names.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Cumulus.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Stackencloud.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Woolbag.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Cirrus.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Curlcloud.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Goatshair, Grey Marestails.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Stratus.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Fallcloud.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="vertbotbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Nimbus.</p> + </td> + <td class="vertbotbsing" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Raincloud.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>There are composite forms of cloud, varieties of the above, which need + not be noticed here. The Cumulus is the parent cloud, and produces every + other form of cloud known, or which can exist. Mountain ranges and + currents of air of unequal temperatures may produce visible vapour, but + not true cloud.</p> + + <p><i>Cumulus.</i> This cloud is always formed at "the dew point." The + vapour of the lower atmosphere, at this elevation, is condensed, or + rendered visible. In fog the dew point is at the surface of the earth; in + summer it may be several thousands of feet above. The Cumulus cloud forms + from below. The invisible vapour of the lower atmosphere is condensed, + parts with its thousand degrees of latent heat, which rush upwards, + forcing the vapour into the vast hemispherical heaps of snowy, glittering + clouds, which, seen in midday, appear huge mountains of clouds; the + "cloud-land" of the poet, floating in liquid air. The Cumulus cloud is + ever changing in form. Cumulating from a level base, the top is mounting + higher and higher, until the excessive moisture is precipitated in heavy + rain, hail, or thunder showers.</p> + + <p>The tops of the Cumulus, carried away by the upper equatorial + currents, form the Cirrus clouds, which clouds must be frozen vapour, as + they are generally from twenty to thirty thousand feet above the level of + the sea. The base of the Cumulus is probably never more, in England, than + five thousand feet high, rarely this. The <i>Nimbus</i> is the + <i>Cumulus</i> shedding its vapour in rain; and the <i>Stratus</i> is the + partially exhausted and fading Nimbus.</p> + + <p>Poets in all ages have watched the clouds with interest; and + Shakspeare has not only correctly described them, but has, in metaphor, + used them in some of his sublimest passages. Ariel will "ride on the + curled clouds" to Prospero's "strong bidding task" that is, ride on the + highest Cirrus cloud, in regions impassable to man. How admirably the + raining Cumulus (Nimbus cloud) is described in the same play:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Trinculo.</i> Here's neither bush<a name="footnotetag4" + href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> nor shrub, to bear off any weather + at all, and another storm brewing. I hear it sing i' the wind: yond' same + black cloud, yond' huge one, looks like a foul<a name="footnotetag5" + href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> bumbard that would shed his liquor + ...</p> + + <p>... Yond' same cloud cannot choose but fall by pailfuls."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Hamlet points to a changing Cumulus cloud, when he says to Polonius, + "Do you see that cloud, that almost in shape like a camel?"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Pol.</i> By the mass, and 'tis like a camel, indeed.</p> + <p><i>Ham.</i> Methinks it is like a weasel.</p> + <p><i>Pol.</i> It is back'd like a weasel.</p> + <p><i>Ham.</i> Or like a whale?</p> + <p><i>Pol.</i> Very like a whale."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>But the finest cloud passage in the whole range of literature is + contained in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, painting, as it does, the + fallen and wasting state of the emperor (Act IV. Sc. 12.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Ant.</i> Eros, thou yet behold'st me?</p> + <p><i>Eros.</i> Ay, noble lord!</p> + <p><i>Ant.</i> Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish:</p> + <p>A vapour, sometime, like a bear, or lion,</p> + <p>A tower'd citadel, a pendant rock,</p> + <p>A forked mountain, or blue promontory</p> + <p>With trees upon't, that nod unto the world,</p> + <p>And mock our eyes with air. Thou hast seen these signs:</p> + <p>They are black vesper's pageants.</p> + <p><i>Eros.</i> Ay, my lord.</p> + <p><i>Ant.</i> That which is now a horse, even with a thought,</p> + <p>The rack dislimns; and makes it indistinct,</p> + <p>As water is in water.</p> + <p><i>Eros.</i> It does, my lord.</p> + <p><i>Ant.</i> My good knave, Eros, now thy captain is</p> + <p>Even such a body: here I am Antony;</p> + <p>Yet cannot hold this visible shape, my knave."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Those who wish to understand this sublime passage must watch a bank of + Cumulus clouds at the western sky on a summer's evening. The tops of the + clouds must not be more than five or ten degrees above the apparent + horizon. There must also be a clear space upwards, and the sun fairly set + to the last stages of twilight. It will then be comprehended as to what + is meant by "black vesper's pageants," and Warton and Knight will no more + mislead by their note. It is only at "black vespers" that such a pageant + can be seen, when the liberated heat of the Cumulus cloud is forcing the + vapour into the grand or fantastic shapes indicated to the poet's eye and + mind.</p> + + <p>How truly does Antony read his own condition in the changing and + perishable clouds. Shakspeare names or alludes to the clouds in more than + one hundred passages, and the form of cloud is ever correctly indicated. + Who does not remember the <!-- Page 338 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page338"></a>{338}</span>passages in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>? Much + more might be written on this subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Rawlinson.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p><i>Bush</i>, not brush, as misprinted in Knight's edition.</p> + + <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a + href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + <p><i>Foul.</i> Surely this ought to be <i>full</i>. A foul bumbard might + be empty. "Foulness" and "shedding his liquor" are not necessarily + contingent; but fulness and overflowing are. A <i>full</i> vessel, + shaken, cannot choose "but shed his liquor."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>At the Hull meeting of the British Association, Mr. Russell, farmer, + Kilwhiss, Fife, read a paper on "The Action of the Winds which veer from + the South-west to West, and North-west to North." This he wound up by a + reference to Shakspeare, which may be worthy of <i>noting</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In concluding, I cannot help remarking that this circuit of the wind + from SW. by W. to NW. or N., from our insular position, imparts to our + climate its fickleness and inconstancy. How often will our brightest sky + become suffused by the blackest vapours on the slightest breach of SW. + wind, and the clouds will then disappear as speedily as they formed, when + the NW. upper current forces their stratum of moist air to rise and + mingle with the dryer current above. I do not know who first noticed and + recorded this change of the wind from SW. to NW., but the regularity of + the phenomenon must teach us that the law which it obeys is part of a + grand system, and invites us to trace its action. I do not think it will + be out of place to point out the fact that the great English poet seems + to have been quite familiar with this feature of our weather, not only in + its most striking manifestations in the autumn and winter months, to + which he especially refers, but even in its more pleasant aspects of + summer. Shakspeare likens the wind in this shifting to an individual who + pays his addresses in succession to two fair ones—first he wooes + the North, but in courting that frigid beauty a difference takes place, + whereupon he turns his back upon her and courts the fair South. You will + observe the lines are specially applied to the winter season—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'And more inconstant than the wind, who wooes</p> + <p>Even now the frozen bosom of the <i>north</i>,</p> + <p>And, being anger'd, puffs away from thence,</p> + <p>Turning this <i>face</i> to the dew-dropping <i>south</i>.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>—I am not aware that the philosophic truth contained in these + lines has ever before been pointed out. The beautiful lines which the + poet, in his prodigality, put into the mouth of one of his gay frolicsome + characters, the meaning of them he no doubt thought might have been + understood by every one; but his commentators do not seem to have done + so. In some editions turning his <i>side</i> has been put for + <i>face</i>, which is feeble and unmeaning. And I do not think the recent + emendation by Mr. Collier on the text is any improvement, where + <i>tide</i> is substituted for <i>face</i>, which impairs both the beauty + and harmony of the metaphor."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><i>A Word for "the Old Corrector."</i>—Allow me, as an avowed + enemy to "the Old Corrector's" <i>novelties</i>, render "the Great + Unknown" one act of justice. I am convinced there are but two practically + possible hypotheses, on which to account for the MS. emendations: either + the emendations were for the most part made from some authoritative + document, or they are parts of a modern fabrication. No third supposition + can be reasonably maintained. <span class="sc">Mr. Knight's</span> view, + for example, gives no account of the <i>immense</i> number of + coincidences with the conjectural emendations of the commentators. + Whichever of the two hypotheses be the true one, I need hardly say that + <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> name is a sufficient guarantee for + all honorable dealing, so far as he is connected with the MS. + corrections.</p> + + <p>Permit me farther to do an act of justice to <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span> himself. In my note on a passage in <i>The Tempest</i>, I + stated that <i>Mr. Collier</i> had overlooked a parallel passage in + <i>Richard II.</i> It was I who had overlooked <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier's</span> supplemental note. However, I must add, that how <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> could persuade himself to print <i>heat</i> + for "cheek," in his "monovolume edition," after he had seen the passage + in <i>Richard II.</i>, is utterly beyond my power of comprehension.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Injustice, its Origin.</i>—In looking through a file of + papers a few days since, I met with the following as being the origin of + this term, and would ask if it is correct?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When Nushervan the Just was out on a hunting excursion, his + companions, on his becoming fatigued, recommended him to rest, while they + should prepare him some food. There being no salt, a slave was dispatched + to the nearest village to bring some. But as he was going, Nushervan + said, 'Pay for the salt you take, in order that it may not become a + custom to rob, and the village ruined.' They said, 'What harm will this + little quantity do?' He replied, The <i>origin of injustice</i> in the + world was at first small, but every one that came added to it, until it + reached its present magnitude.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <p><i>Two Brothers of the same Christian Name.</i>—An instance of + this occurs in the family of Croft of Croft Castle. William Croft, Esq., + of Croft Castle, had issue Sir Richard Croft, Knight, his son and heir, + the celebrated soldier in the wars of the Roses, and Richard Croft, Esq., + second son, "who, by the description of Richard Croft the Younger, + received a grant of lands" in 1461. (<i>Retrospective Review</i>, 2nd + Series, vol. i. p. 472.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Female Parish Clerk.</i>—In the parish register of Totteridge + appears the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"1802, March 2. Buried, Elizabeth King, widow, for forty-six years + clerk of this parish, in the ninety-first year of her age."—<i>Burn + on Parish Registers</i>, 110.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is there any similar instance on record of a woman being a parish + clerk?</p> + + <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 339 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page339"></a>{339}</span></p> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>DESCENDANTS OF MILTON.</h3> + + <p>It is well known that the issue of the poet became extinct in 1754, + unless they survived in the descendants of Caleb Clarke, the only son of + Milton's third daughter, Deborah. Caleb Clarke went out to Madras, and + was parish clerk at Fort St. George from 1717 to 1719. In addition to a + daughter, who died in infancy, he had two sons, Abraham and Isaac; of + neither of whom is anything known, except that the former married a + person of the same surname as himself; and had a daughter Mary, baptised + in 1727. Sir James Mackintosh made some ineffectual attempts to trace + them, and came to the conclusion that they had migrated to some other + part of India.</p> + + <p>I am perhaps catching at a straw: but it is possible there may be + something more than a coincidence in the name of <i>Milton Clark</i>, who + is spoken of in the fourth chapter of the <i>Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin</i> + as brother to Lewis Clark, the original of the character of George + Harris. Perhaps some of your transatlantic friends can inform us:</p> + + <p>1st. Whether there is, or has been, in use any system of assigning + names to slaves, which would account for their bearing the Christian and + surname of their owners or other free men, and thus lead to the inference + that there has been some free man of the name of Milton Clark.</p> + + <p>2nd. Whether there is any family in America of the name of Clark, in + which Milton, or even Abraham or Isaac, is known to have been adopted as + a Christian name; and, if so, whether there is any tradition in the + family of migration from India.</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>AN ANXIOUS QUERY FROM THE HYMMALAYAS.</h3> + + <p>I was honoured, a few days ago, with a communication from India, which + contains a Query that is out of my power to answer. But being very + solicitous to do my best towards affording the desired information, I + bethought myself of sending the letter, <i>in extenso</i>, for insertion + in your very valuable and exceedingly useful miscellany. I venture to + think that you will agree with me, that the interesting nature of the + communication entitles it to a place in "N. & Q." As the letter + speaks for itself, I shall say no more about it, but proceed to + transcribe the greatest part of it at once.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Landour Academy, May 26th, 1853.</p> + + <p class="address">"Rev. M. Margoliouth,</p> + + <p>"Sir,—I do not know in what terms to apologise to you for this + communication, especially as it may entail trouble on you, which can + result in my advantage alone.</p> + + <p>"I am a Jew, believing that Jesus is the Messiah; and I trust this + will induce you to assist me in my search after some of my relations whom + I believe to be in England.</p> + + <p>"I wrote to Dr. Adler, Chief Rabbi of the Jews in England, some years + ago, but his information was limited to some distant connexions, the + Davises, Isaacs, and Lewises, who still professed Judaism. Subsequent + inquiries discovered two uncles of mine, Charles Lewes and Mordan Lewes, + in London, who informed me that my grandfather, Isaac Levi, was for ten + years a clergyman of the Church of England, and had congregation at Lynn, + in Norfolk, and that he had published a tract against Judaism. Beyond + this I can get no farther information: my uncles are either too poor or + unwilling to prosecute their inquiries any farther. Could you ascertain + for me whether my grandfather left any family, and if any member is still + alive? My object is to discover their existence, and to renew a + correspondence which has been interrupted for more than forty years.</p> + + <p>"I am the grandson of Isaac Levi, for many years dead, reader of a + congregation of Jews in London; my father, Benjamin Levi, is still alive, + and is with me. I keep a school at Landour, in the Hymmalayas, in the + north-western provinces of India. I have been led to write to you after + reading your <i>Pilgrimage to the Land of My Fathers</i>, and seeing in + it that you are the author of a work entitled <i>The Jews in Great + Britain</i>, which I have not seen, and concluding from this that if any + one can obtain information you can.</p> + + <p>"I send this letter to Messrs. Smith and Elder, booksellers, of + Cornhill, London, with a request to send it to you through your + publisher, Mr. R. Bentley," &c. &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I do not feel justified in publishing the last two paragraphs in my + correspondent's letter, and have therefore omitted them. I shall feel + extremely obliged to any of the readers of "N. & Q." who could and + would help me to answer the anxious Query from the Hymmalayas.</p> + + <p class="author">M. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Wybunbury, Nantwich.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p>"<i>De la Schola de Sclavoni.</i>"—On a large marble slab at + North Stoneham, near Southampton, is the following, inscription:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Año Dni <span class="scac">MCCCCLXXXI</span> Sepvltvra de la Schola de + Sclavoni."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is this the burial-place of the family of one of the foreign merchants + settled in this country, and can any of the correspondents of "N. & + Q." give any information about it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John S. Burn.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mineral Acids.</i>—As it is generally supposed that these + powerful solvents were not known anterior to circiter <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1100, I should be glad to learn what opinion is + entertained by the learned concerning <!-- Page 340 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page340"></a>{340}</span>the death of the + prophet Haken al Mokannah. This person is said to have disappeared in + 785, or 163 of the Hejrah, by casting himself into a barrel of corrosive + fluids, which dissolved his body. Is it not the best supposition, that + this story was supposed by Khondemir and others, in more advanced ages of + science, to account for the fact of his having disappeared, and of his + real fate having never been ascertained? I have never seen this apparent + anticipation of chemical discoveries animadverted on.</p> + + <p class="author">A. N.</p> + + <p><i>Richard Geering.</i>—Wanted, arms, pedigree, and particulars + of the family of Richard Geering, one of the six clerks in Chancery in + Ireland from March 1700 to April 1735. One of his daughters, Prudence, + married, in 1722, Charles Coote, Esq., M.P., and by him was mother of the + last Earl of Bellamont. Another daughter, Susannah, was wife of Mr. + Charles Wilson; who was, it is believed, a connexion of the family of + Ward of Newport, in Shropshire. Any information about Mr. Wilson's + ancestry would be very acceptable.</p> + + <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> + + <p><i>Stipendiary Curates.</i>—What is the earliest mention of + stipendiary curates in our ecclesiastical establishment? And what other + national churches have priests placed in a corresponding position?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Berosus.</span></p> + + <p><i>Our Lady of Rounceval.</i>—Can you or any of your + correspondents furnish me with particulars of our Lady of Rounceval?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. J. Dunkin.</span></p> + + <p><i>Roden's Colt.</i>—A lady of a certain age is said in common + parlance to be "Forty, save one, the age of Roden's colt." What can + Nimrod tell us touching this proverbialised animal?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Christopher Wren and the Young Carver.</i>—A reader has a + floating notion in his head of having once read in the <i>Literary + Gazette</i> a strange story of a country boy going to town to seek + employment as a carver or sculptor; of his being accosted by Sir + Christopher Wren, and offering to carve for him a sow and pigs, &c. + Can any correspondent have pity on him, and tell him where to find the + tale?</p> + + <p class="author">A. H.</p> + + <p><i>Vellum Cleaning.</i>—Are there not preparations in use for + cleaning the backs of old vellum-bound books without destroying the + polish? How made, or where procurable?</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M.</p> + + <p><i>Dionysia in Bœotia.</i>—Can any of your readers refer + me to a passage in any ancient author in which this supposed town is + mentioned?</p> + + <p>Dumersan refers to Diodorus Siculus as his authority for its + existence, but my search in that author has been vain, and I am not alone + in that respect.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Augustus Langdon.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Poll Tax in 1641.</i>—I find in Somers' <i>Tracts</i>, 2nd + ed. vol. iv. p. 298.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The copy of an order agreed upon in the House of Commons upon Friday, + 18th June, wherein every man is rated according to his estate, for the + king's use."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is there on record the return made to this order; and where may it be + consulted?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Thomas Chester, Bishop of Elphin, 1580.</i>—This prelate, who + was the second son of Sir William Chester, Kt., Lord Mayor of London in + 1560, by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Lovett, Esq., of + Astwell in Northamptonshire, is said by Anthony à Wood (<i>Athenaæ + Oxon.</i>, ed. Bliss, vol. ii. p. 826.) to have "given way to fate at + Killiathar in that city, in the month of June in 1584." The calendars of + the Will Office of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury do not contain his + name; can any of your Irish contributors inform me whether his will was + proved in Ireland? I should be glad to know, too, what will offices exist + in Ireland, and from what period they date their commencement. He is said + to have married ——, daughter of Sir James Clavering, Kt., of + Axwell Park in Northumberland: does any pedigree of the Claverings supply + this lady's Christian name? His eldest brother, William Chester, Esq., + married his cousin-german Judith, daughter and co-heiress of Anthony + Cave, Esq., of Chichley Hall, Bucks, and was ancestor to the extinct + family of the baronets of that name and place. Bishop Chester died <i>s. + p.</i></p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Rev. Urban Vigors.</i>—Amongst the chaplains of King Charles + I., was there one of the name of Vigors, the Rev. Urban Vigors of + Taunton? Any particulars of him will be acceptable.</p> + + <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> + + <p><i>Early English MSS.</i>—What is the earliest document, of any + historical import to this country, now existing in MS.?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p> + + <p><i>Curing of Henry IV.</i>—The best account of the curing of + Hen. IV. from the leprosy: vide Lambard's <i>Dictionary</i>, p. 306.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. J. Dunkin.</span></p> + + <p><i>Standard of Weights and Measures.</i>—I would gladly learn + something of the system of weights and measures in other countries, and + particularly whether in England and America there exists for this object + any government inspection; and if so, how this is executed? A list of + works on this subject would be most welcome. I am acquainted only with + the works of Ravon, <i>Fabrication des Poids et Mesures</i>, Paris, 1843, + and of Tarbé, <i>Poids, Mesures et Vérification</i>, both found in the + <i>Encyclopédie Roret</i>; and the <i>Vollständige Darstellung</i> <!-- + Page 341 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page341"></a>{341}</span><i>des Masz- and Gewicht-Systems in + Grossherzogthum Hessen</i>, by F. W. Grimm, Darmstadt, 1840.—From + the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">Φ</span>. <span class="grk">Φ</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Parish Clerks' Company.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In making searches in registers of parishes within the bills of + mortality, a facility is afforded by the company of parish clerks; by + paying a fee of about two guineas, a circular is sent to all the parish + clerks, with the particulars of information required: the registers are + accordingly searched, and the result communicated to the clerk of the + company."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above I give from Burn's <i>History of Parish Registers</i>, p. + 217. note, published in 1829. Is this the case at present and if so, what + is the direction of the clerk of the Company? I wish this system existed + in Oxford.</p> + + <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> + + <p><i>Orange Blossom.</i>—Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me + why the flowers of the orange blossom are so universally used in the + dress of a bride? and from what date they have been so used?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Augusta.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mr. Pepys his Queries.</i>—I cannot say that I met with Pepys + as Fielding did Shakspeare, in a <i>Journey from this World to the + next</i>; but I met with seven of his Queries among the Rawlinson MSS. in + the Bodleian, addressed to Sir William Dugdale, a name dear to all + orthodox antiquaries. It would appear the Secretary to the Admiralty felt + the want of a "medium of inter-communication" in his day. Here are his + Queries:</p> + + <p>1. Whether any foreigners are to be found in our list of English + admirals?</p> + + <p>2. The reason or account to be given of the place assigned to our + admirals in the Act of Precedence?</p> + + <p>3. Whether any of the considerable families of our nobility or gentry + have been raised by the sea?</p> + + <p>4. Some instances of the greatest ransoms heretofore set upon + prisoners of greatest quality.</p> + + <p>5. The descent and posterity of Sir Francis Drake; and what estate is + now in the possession of any of his family derived from him.</p> + + <p>6. Who Sir Anthony Ashby was?</p> + + <p>7. What are and have been generally the professions, trades, or + qualifications, civil or military, that have and do generally raise + families in England to wealth and honour in Church and State?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p> + + <p class="address">50. Burton Street.</p> + + <p><i>Foreign Medical Education.</i>—Can any contributor direct me + to any sources of information on the regulations concerning medical + instruction and medical degrees in the principal universities on the + Continent?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Medicus.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Chandler, Bishop of Durham.</i>—Lord Dover, in the second + volume of his edition of Walpole's <i>Letters to Sir Horace Mann</i>, p. + 373., in a note, thus speaks of this prelate:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A learned prelate and author of various polemical works, he had been + raised to the see of Durham in 1730, as it was then said, by symoniacal + means."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers inform me where I can obtain evidence of the + symoniacal means by which <i>it is said</i> this bishop obtained the + bishopric of Durham? One would scarcely think so cautious a man as Lord + Dover would refer to the imputation, without some evidence on which his + lordship could rely.</p> + + <p>Mr. Surtees, in his <i>History of the Bishops of Durham</i>, makes no + allusion to the symoniacal means by which Chandler obtained his promotion + to the see of Durham. He gives a list of the bishop's printed works, + amongst which is a "charge to the grand jury of Durham concerning + engrossing of corn, &c., 1740." Can you, or any of your readers, + inform me where this pamphlet is to be met with? For I am curious to know + how a bishop could make a <i>charge</i> to a grand jury. There must + surely be some mistake in the title of the pamphlet.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Fra. Mewburn.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Darlington.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The charge of simony is loosely noticed by Shaw in his <i>History of + Staffordshire</i>, vol. i. p. 278. He says, "Edward Chandler was + translated from Lichfield and Coventry to Durham in 1730; and it was then + <i>publicly said</i> that he gave 9000<i>l.</i> for that opulent see." To + this Chalmers, in his <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, adds, "which is scarcely + credible." The Charge by the bishop is in the British Museum: it is + entitled, "A Charge delivered to the Grand Jury at the Quarter-Sessions + held at Durham, July 16, 1740, concerning engrossing of corn and grain, + and the riots that have been occasioned thereby." 4to., Durham.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Huggins and Muggins.</i>—Can any of your readers assign the + origin of this jocular appellation? I would hazard the conjecture, that + it may be corruption of <i>Hogen Mogen</i>, High Mightinesses, the style, + I believe, of the States-General of Holland; and that it probably became + an expression of contempt in the mouths of the Jacobites for the + followers of William III., from whence it has passed to a more general + application.</p> + + <p class="author">F. K.</p> + + <p class="address">Bath.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[<span class="sc">Hugger-mugger</span>, says Dr. Richardson, is the + common way of writing this word, from Udal to the present time. No + probable etymology, he adds, has yet been given. Sir John Stoddart + (<i>Ency. Metropolitana</i>, vol i. p. 120.) has given a long article on + this word, which concludes with the following remarks:—"The last + etymology that we shall mention is from the Dutch title, <!-- Page 342 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page342"></a>{342}</span><i>Hoog + Moogende</i> (High Mightinesses), given to the States-General, and much + ridiculed by some of our English writers; as in <i>Hudibras</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'But I have sent him for a token</p> + <p>To your Low-country, <i>Hogen Mogen</i>.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It has been supposed that <i>hugger-mugger</i>, corrupted from + <i>Hogen Mogen</i>, was meant in derision of the secret transactions of + their Mightinesses; but it is probable that the former word was known in + English before the latter, and upon the whole it seems most probable that + <i>hugger</i> is a mere intensitive form of <i>hug</i>, and that + <i>mugger</i> is a reduplication of sound with a slight variation, which + is so common in cases of this kind."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Balderdash.</i>—What is the meaning and the etymology of + "balderdash?"</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Skinner suggests the following etymology: "<span + class="sc">Balderdash</span>, <i>potus mixtus</i>, credo ab A.-S. + <i>bald</i>, audax, <i>balder</i>, audacior vel audacius, et nostro + <i>dash</i>; <i>miscere</i>, q.d. <i>potus temere mixtus</i>." Dr. + Jamieson explains it as "foolish and noisy talk. Islandic, + <i>bulldur</i>, stultorum balbuties." Dr. Ogilvie, however, has queried + its derivation from the "Spanish <i>balda</i>, a trifle, or + <i>baldonar</i>, to insult with abusive language; Welsh, <i>baldorz</i>, + to prattle. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of words; ribaldry; anything + jumbled together without judgment."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Lovell, Sculptor.</i>—What is known of this artist? That he + was in advance of the age he flourished in is evinced by his beautifully + executed engravings in <i>Love's Sacrifice</i> (fol. Lond. 1652), which + for delicacy of work are far beyond anything of the period.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R.C. Warde.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Is the name Lovell, or Loisell? for we find that Strutt, in his + <i>Dictionary of Engravers</i>, vol. ii. p. 101., speaks of "P. Loisell + having affixed some slight etchings, something in the style of Gaywood + (if I mistake not), to Benlowe's <i>Theophilia</i>, <i>or Love's + Sacrifice</i>."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>St. Werenfrid and Butler's</i> "<i>Lives of the + Saints.</i>"—One of your correspondents will perhaps explain the + cause of an omission in Butler's <i>Lives of the Saints</i>. The life of + St. Werenfrid, whose anniversary is the 14th of August, is abstracted, + vol. iii. p. 492. His name occurs in the table of contents: and pages 493 + and 494, where the life should have appeared, are wanting; still page 495 + follows 492 correctly in type, so that the former must have been + reprinted <i>after</i> the castration of the leaf. Was the saint deemed + unworthy of the place which had been allotted to him?</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. M.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[In the best edition of Butler's <i>Lives</i> (12 vols., 1812-13), the + life of St. Werenfrid is given on Nov. 7. He is honored in Holland on the + 14th of August; and his life appears in <i>Britannia Sancta</i> on that + day, but in the Bollandists on the 28th of August.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>SIR W. HANKFORD-GASCOIGNE'S TOMB.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 278.)</p> + + <p>On reading <span class="sc">Mr. Sansom's</span> letter, it occurred to + me that I had seen a different account of the master being shot by his + park-keeper; and on search I found the following in 1 Hale's <i>P. C.</i> + p. 40., which I send, as it may tend to clear up the question:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the case of Sir William Hawksworth, related by Baker in his + <i>Chronicle of the Time of Edward IV.</i>, p. 223. (<i>sub anno</i> + 1471), he being weary of his life, and willing to be rid of it by + another's hand, blamed his parker for suffering his deer to be destroyed; + and commanded him that he should shoot the next man that he met in his + park that would not stand or speak. The knight himself came in the night + into the park, and being met by the keeper, refused to stand or speak. + The keeper shot and killed him, not knowing him to be his master. This + seems to be no felony, but excusable by the statute of <i>Malefactores in + Parcis</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This account varies from Ritson's in the name "Hawksworth" instead of + "Hankford," and the date 1471 instead of 1422. It seems plain that Lord + Hale had no idea that the person shot was a judge: and possibly the truth + may be, that it was a descendant of the judge that was shot. Even if + Hankford's death were in 1422, as stated by Risdon, the traditional + account that he caused his own death "in doubt of his safety" does not + seem very probable, as Henry V. came to the throne in 1412-13. Probably + some of your readers may be able to clear up the matter.</p> + + <p>I was at Harewood the other day, and examined a tomb there alleged to + be that of the C.-J. Gascoigne. In the centre of the west end of the tomb + is a shield: first and fourth, five fleurs-de-lys (France); second and + third, three lions passant gardant (England).—May I ask how these + arms happen to be on this tomb?</p> + + <p>There are several other shields on the tomb, but all are now + undistinguishable except one; which appears to be a bend impaling a + saltire, as far as I can make it out: the colours are wholly obliterated. + The head of the figure has not a coif on it, as I should have + anticipated; but a cap fitting very close, and a bag is suspended from + the left arm.—Is it known for certain that this is C.-J. + Gascoigne's tomb?</p> + + <p class="author">S. G. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Harrogate.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Sansom</span> need not have been very much + surprised that I should have omitted noticing a tradition concerning Sir + William Hankford, when I was merely rectifying an error with reference to + Sir William Gascoigne. That I have not overlooked entirely "the + Devonshire tradition, which represents Sir William Hankford to be the + judge <!-- Page 343 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page343"></a>{343}</span>who committed Prince Henry," may be seen + in <i>The Judges of England</i>, vol. iv. p. 324., wherein I show the + total improbability of the tale. And my disbelief in the story of + Hankford's death, and its more probable application to Sir Robert Danby, + is already noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 93.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>TRANSLATION OF THE PRAYER BOOK INTO FRENCH.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 382.)</p> + + <p>In answer to some of the questions proposed by O. W. J. respecting the + Prayer Book translated into French, I am able to give this + information.</p> + + <p>A copy of a French Prayer Book is to be found in the Bodleian Library + (Douce Coll.), which is very probably the first edition of the + translation. A general account of this book may be gained from Strype's + <i>Mem. Eccl. K. Ed. VI.</i> (vol. iii. p. 208. ed. 1816); also Strype's + <i>Mem. Abp. Cranmer</i> (b. ii. c. 22. sub fin. and c. 33., and App. 54. + and 261.); also Collier's <i>Eccl. Hist.</i>, vol. ii. p. 321.</p> + + <p>From these sources we may conclude that a translation of the first + book of <i>K. Ed. VI.</i> was begun very soon after its publication in + England, at the instigation of Pawlet (at that time governor of Calais), + with the sanction of the king and the archbishop "for the use of the + islands of Guernsey and Jersey, and of the town and dependencies of + Calais;" but it does not seem to have been completed before the + publication of the second book took place, and so the alterations were + incorporated into this edition.</p> + + <p>The translator was "Françoys Philippe, a servant of the Lord + Chancellor" (Thos. Goodrick, Bishop of Ely), as he styles himself. The + printer's name is Gaultier. It was put forth in 1553.</p> + + <p>There is still extant an "Order in Council" for the island of Jersey, + dated April 15, 1550, commanding to "observe and use the service, and + other orders appertaining to the same, and to the ministration of the + sacraments, set forth in the booke sent to you presentlye." It is + uncertain what the book here referred to was, whether a translation or a + copy of the English liturgy.</p> + + <p>There are copies extant of another liturgy put forth in 1616, + purporting to be "newly translated at the command of the king." The + printer's name is Jehan Bill, of London. The name of John Bill appears + also as king's printer in the English authorised edition of 1662.</p> + + <p>Another was published in 1667, by Jean Dunmore and Octavien + Pulleyn.</p> + + <p>The edition of 1695, published by <i>Erringham</i> (Everingham) and R. + Bentley, has the sanction of K. Charles II. appended to it.</p> + + <p>Numerous editions have since been published, varying in many important + points (even of doctrine) from one another, and from their English + original. There is now no authorised edition fit for general use; the + older translations having become too antiquated by the variations in the + French language to be read in the churches.</p> + + <p class="author">M. A. W. C.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PRAYING TO THE WEST.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 208.)</p> + + <p>Although going over old ground, yet, if it be permitted, I would note + a curious coincidence connected with this far-spread veneration for the + West.</p> + + <p>As mentioned by G. W., the Puranas point to the "Sacred Isles of the + West" as the elysium of the ancient Hindûs, "The White Islands of the + West." The Celtæ of the European continent believed that their souls were + transported to England, or some islands adjacent. (See <i>Encyclopédié + Méthodique</i>, art. "Antiquités," vol. i. p. 704.) The Celtic elysium, + "Flath-Innis," a remote island of the West, is mentioned by Logan in his + <i>Celtic Gaël</i>, vol. ii. p. 342., who no doubt drew his information + from the same source as Professor Rafinesque, whose observations on this + subject I transcribe, viz.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is strange but true, that, throughout the earth, the place of + departed souls, the land of spirits, was supposed to be in the West, or + at the setting sun. This happens everywhere, and in the most opposite + religions, from China to Lybia, and also from Alaska to Chili in America. + The instances of an eastern paradise were few, and referred to the + eastern celestial abode of yore, rather than the future abode of souls. + The Ashinists, or Essenians, the best sect of Jews, placed Paradise in + the Western Ocean; and the Id. Alishe, or Elisha of the Prophets, the + happy land. Jezkal (our Ezekiel) mentions that island; the + Phœnicians called it Alizut, and some deem Madeira was meant, but + it had neither men nor spirits! From this the Greeks made their Elysium + and Tartarus placed near together, at first in Epirus, then Italy, next + Spain, lastly in the ocean, as the settlers travelled west. The sacred + and blessed islands of the Hindus and Lybians were in this ocean; Wilford + thought they meant the British Islands. Pushcara, the farthest off, he + says, was Iceland, but may have meant North America.</p> + + <p>"The Lybians called their blessed islands 'Aimones;' they were the + Canaries, it is said, but likely the Atlantides, since the Atlantes dwelt + in the Aimones," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And farther he says, the Gauls had their Cocagne, the Saxons their + Cockaign, Cocana of the Lusitanians,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A land of delight and plenty, <i>which is proverbial to this day</i>! + By the Celts it was called 'Dunna feadhuigh,' a fairy land, &c. But + all these notions have earlier foundations, since the English Druids put + their paradise in a remote island in the west, called <!-- Page 344 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page344"></a>{344}</span>'Flath-Innis,' + the flat island", &c.—<i>American Nations</i>, vol. ii. p. 245. + <i>et infra</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The coincidence then is this. The same veneration for the West + prevails among many of our Indian tribes, who place their Paradise in an + island beyond the Great Lake (Pacific), and far toward the setting sun. + There, good Indians enjoy a fine country abounding in game, are always + clad in new skins, and live in warm new lodges. Thither they are wafted + by prosperous gales; but the bad Indians are driven back by adverse + storms, wrecked on the coast, where the remains of their canoes are to be + seen covering the strand in all directions.</p> + + <p>I cannot refrain from adding here another coincidence connected with + futurity. The above idea of sailing to the Indian Paradise, though + prevalent, is not general; for instance, the Minnetarees and Mandans + believed that to reach Paradise the souls of the departed had to pass + over an extremely narrow bridge, which was done safely by the good + Indians, but the bad ones slipped off and were buried in oblivion. (See + Long's <i>Expedition to the Rocky Mountains</i>, vol. i. p. 259.)</p> + + <p>The Chepewa crosses a river on a bridge formed by the body of a large + snake (see Long's <i>Expedition to St. Peter's River</i>, vol. i. p. + 154.); and in the same volume it is stated that the Dacota, or Sioux, + believe they must pass over a rock with a sharp edge like a knife. Those + who fall off go to the region of evil spirits, where they are worked, + tormented, and frequently flogged unmercifully.</p> + + <p>Now, this bridge for gaining Paradise is just the Alsirat of the + Mahomedans; I think it will be found in the <i>Bibliothèque Orientale</i> + of D'Herbelot; at all events it is mentioned in the preliminary discourse + to Sale's <i>Koran</i>. Sale thinks Mahomet borrowed the idea from the + Magians, who teach, that on the last day all mankind must pass over the + "Pûl Chînavad" or "Chînavar," <i>i.e.</i> "The Straight Bridge." Farther, + the Jews speak of the "Bridge of Hell," which is no broader than a + thread. According to M. Hommaire de Hell, the Kalmuck Alsirat is a bridge + of iron (or causeway) traversing a sea of filth, urine, &c. When the + wicked attempt to pass along this, it narrows beneath them to a hair's + breadth, snaps asunder, and thus convicted they are plunged into hell. + (<i>Travels in the Steppes of the Caspian, &c.</i>, p. 252.)</p> + + <p>Having already trespassed most unconscionably, I forbear farther + remark on these coincidences, except that such ideas of futurity being + found amongst nations so widely separated, cannot but induce the belief + of a common origin, or at least of intimate communication at a former + period, and that so remote as to have allowed time for diverging dialects + to have become, as it were, distinct languages.</p> + + <p class="author">A. C. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Exeter.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>JACOB BOBART.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 37.)</p> + + <p>The completion of a laborious literary work has taken my attention + away from the "N. & Q." for some weeks past, otherwise I should + sooner have given <span class="sc">Mr. Bobart</span> the following + information.</p> + + <p>The engraving of old Jacob Bobart by W. Richardson is <i>not</i> of + any value, being a copy from an older print. Query if it is not a copy of + the very rare engraving by Loggan and Burghers?</p> + + <p>The original print of the "founder of the physick garden," "D. Loggan + del., M. Burghers sculp., 1675," which Mr. Bobart wishes to procure, may + be purchased of A. E. Evans, 403. Strand, for 2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> I also learn from Mr. Evans' invaluable <i>Catalogue of + Engraved British Portraits</i> (an octavo of 431 pages, lately + published), that there exists a portrait of Bobart, "the classical alma + mater coachman of Oxford," whole length, by Dighton, 1808. The same + catalogue also contains other portraits of the Bobarts.</p> + + <p>Since my last communication on the present subject, I find the + following memorandums in one of my note-books, which possibly may be + unknown to your correspondent; they relate to MSS. in the British + Museum.</p> + + <p>Add. MS. 5290. contains 227 folio drawings of various rare plants, the + names of which are added in the autograph of Jacob Bobart the elder.</p> + + <p>Sloane MS. 4038. contains some letters from Jacob Bobart to Sir Hans + Sloane, 1685-1716; also one from Anne Bobart, dated 1701.</p> + + <p>Sloane MS. 3343. contains a catalogue of plants and seeds saved at + Oxford, by Mr. Bobart, 1695-6.</p> + + <p>Sloane MS. 3321., consisting of scientific letters addressed to Mr. + Petiver, contains one from Jacob Bobart, and another from Tilleman + Bobart. The latter has a letter dated "Blenheim, Feb. 5, 1711-12," to + some person unknown, in Sloane MS. 4253.</p> + + <p><i>Tilleman</i> Bobart appears to have been employed in laying out the + park and gardens at the Duke of Marlborough's magnificent seat at + Blenheim. A member of his original papers and receipts were lately + disposed of by auction at Messrs. Puttick and Simpson's. (See the sale + catalogue of July 22, 1853, lot 1529.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>EARLY USE OF TIN.—DERIVATION OF THE NAME +OF BRITAIN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 290.)</p> + + <p>Many questions are proposed by G.W., to which it is extremely + improbable that any but a conjectural answer can ever be given. That tin + was in common use 2800 years ago, is certain. Probably evidence may be + obtained, if it have not been so <!-- Page 345 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page345"></a>{345}</span>already, of its use at + a still earlier period; but it is unlikely that we shall ever know who + first brought it from Cornwall to Asia, and used it to harden copper. It + is, however, a matter of interest to trace the mention of this metal in + the ancient inscriptions, Egyptian and Assyrian, which have of late years + been so successfully interpreted. Mistakes have been made from time to + time, which subsequent researches have rectified. It was thought for a + long time that a substance, mentioned in the hieroglyphical inscriptions + very frequently, and in one instance said to have been procured from + Babylon, was <i>tin</i>. This has now been ascertained to be a mistake. + Mr. Birch has proved that it was <i>Lapis lazuli</i>, and that what was + brought from Babylon was an artificial blue-stone in imitation of the + genuine one. I am not aware whether the true hieroglyphic term for + <i>tin</i> has been discovered. Mention was again supposed to have been + made of <i>tin</i> in the annals of Sargon. A tribute paid to him in his + seventh year by Pirhu (Pharaoh, as Col. Rawlinson rightly identifies the + name; not Pihor, Boccharis, as I at one time supposed), king of Egypt, + Tsamtsi, queen of Arabia, and Idhu, ruler of the Isabeans, was supposed + to have contained tin as well as gold, horses, and camels. This, however, + was in itself an improbable supposition. It is much more likely that + incense or spices should have been yielded by the countries named than + tin. At any rate, I have recently identified a totally different word + with the name of tin. It reads <i>anna</i>; and I supposed it, till very + lately, to mean "rings." I find, however, that it signifies a metal, and + that a different word has the signification "rings." When + Assur-yuchura-bal, the founder of the north-western palace at Nimrúd, + conquered the people who lived on the banks of the Orontes from the + confines of Hamath to the sea, he obtained from them twenty talents of + silver, half a talent of gold, one hundred talents of <i>anna</i> (tin), + one hundred talents of iron, &c. His successor received from the same + people all these metals, and also copper.</p> + + <p>It is already highly probable, and farther discoveries may soon + convert this probability to certainty, that the people just referred to + (whom I incline strongly to identify with the <i>Shirutana</i> of the + Egyptian inscriptions) were the merchants of the world before Tyre was + called into existence; their port being what the Greeks called Seleucia, + when they attempted to revive its ancient greatness. It is probably to + them that the discovery of Britain is to be attributed; and it was + probably from them that it received its name.</p> + + <p>In G. W.'s communication, a derivation of the name from + <i>barat-anac</i>, "the land of tin," is suggested. He does not say by + whom, but he seems to disclaim it as his own. I do not recollect to have + met with it before; but it appears to me, even as it stands, a far more + plausible one than <i>bruit-tan</i>, "the land of tin:" the former term + being supposed to be Celtic for <i>tin</i>, and the latter a termination + with the sense of <i>land</i>: or than <i>brit-daoine</i>, "the painted + (or separated) people."</p> + + <p>I am, however, disposed to think that the name is not of + Phœnician origin, but was given by their northern neighbours, whom + I have mentioned as their predecessors in commerce. These were evidently + of kindred origin, and spoke a language of the same class; and I think it + all but certain, that in the Assyrian name for tin (<i>anna</i>) we have + the name given to it by this people, from whom the Assyrians obtained it. + "The land of tin" would be in their language <i>barat</i> (or probably + <i>barit</i>) <i>anna</i>, from which the transition to Britannia + presents no difficulty. I assume here that <i>b-r-t</i>, without + expressed vowels, is a Phœnician term for "land of." I assume it on + the authority of the person, whoever he may be, that first gave the + derivation that G. W. quotes. I have no Phœnician authority within + reach: but I can readily believe the statement, knowing that <i>banit</i> + would be the Assyrian word used in such a compound, and that <i>n</i>, + <i>r</i>, and <i>b</i> are perpetually interchanged in the Semitic + languages, and notoriously so in this very root. <i>Ummi banitiya</i>, + "of the mother who produced me," is pure Assyrian; and so would + <i>banit-anna</i>, "the producer of tin," be; all names of lands being + feminine in Assyrian.</p> + + <p>It would be curious if the true derivation of the world-renowned name + of Britain should be ascertained for the first time through an Assyrian + medium.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edw. Hincks.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Killyleagh, Down.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>As there are several Queries in the Note of G. W. which the Celtic + language is capable of elucidating, I beg to offer a few derivations from + that language.</p> + + <p>Britain is derived from <i>briot</i>, painted, and <i>tan</i>, a + country—<i>i. e.</i> "the country of the painted people." It is a + matter of history, that the people of Britain dyed their bodies with + various colours.</p> + + <p><i>Tin</i> is from the Celtic <i>tin</i>, to melt readily, to + dissolve. It is also called <i>stan</i>: Latin, <i>stannum</i>.</p> + + <p>Hercules is from the Phœnician or Celtic, <i>Earr-aclaide</i>, + pronounced <i>Er-aclaie,</i> i. e. the noble leader or hero.</p> + + <p>Melkarthus is derived from <i>Mal-catair</i>, pronounced + <i>Mal-cahir</i>, i. e. the champion or king of the city (of Tyre).</p> + + <p>Moloch cannot be identical with the Tyrian Hercules, as Moloch was the + god of fire: probably a name for the sun, from the Celtic <i>molc</i>, i. + e. fire.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Fras. Crossley.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 346 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page346"></a>{346}</span></p> + +<h3>YEW-TREES IN CHURCHYARDS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 244.)</p> + + <p>Whilst offering a solution to the Query of <span class="sc">R. C. + Warde</span>, as to the placing yew-trees in churchyards, I am obliged to + differ from him <i>toto cœlo</i>, by considering the derivation of + the name of the plant itself, though I must candidly confess that the + solution of the Query and the derivation of the word are my own.</p> + + <p><i>Yew</i> is ancient British, and signifies <i>existent</i> and + enduring, having the same root as <i>Jehovah</i>; and <i>yew</i> is Welsh + for <i>it is</i>, being one of the forms of the third person present + indicative of the auxiliary verb <i>bód</i>, to be. Hence the yew-tree + was planted in churchyards, not to indicate <i>death</i>, despair, but + <i>life</i>, hope and assurance. It is one of our few evergreens, and is + the most enduring of all, and clearly points out the Christian's hope in + the immortality of the soul: <i>Resurgam</i>.</p> + + <p>Whilst on the word <i>yew</i>, I may perhaps observe that I am hardly + inclined now (though I once was so) to derive from it, as the author of + the <i>Etymological Compendium</i> does, the name <i>yeoman</i>: I think + that yeoman is not <i>yew</i>-man, "a man using the yew-bow," but + <i>yoke</i>-man, a man owning as much land as a <i>yoke</i> of oxen could + plough in a certain time.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. G. Cummings.</span></p> + + <p>The following extract frown the <i>Handbook of English + Ecclesiology</i>, p. 190., may be of some assistance to your + correspondent:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Yew.</span> These were planted generally to the + south of the church, to supply green for the decoration of churches at + the great festivals; this tree being an emblem of immortality. It is a + heathen prejudice which regards it as mournful. It is not probable yews + were used as palms; the traditional name given to the withy showing that + this was used in the procession on that festival."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William W. King.</span></p> + + <p>Instead of troubling you with a particular answer to <span + class="sc">Mr. Warde's</span> inquiry, let me refer him to the <i>Forest + Trees of Britain</i>, by the Rev. C. A. Johns, p 297. <i>et seq.</i>, + where, among many other curious and interesting facts, he will find the + various reasons assigned by different authors, ancient and modern, for + the plantation of yew-trees in churchyards. I do not find, however, that + the origin ingeniously assigned by <span class="sc">Mr. Warde</span> is + among the number.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">Φ</span>.</p> + + <p>I have always supposed, but I know not upon what authority, that the + custom of planting yew-trees in churchyards originated in the idea of + supplying the yeomen of the parish with bows, in the good old archery + days.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ignoramus.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>STARS ARE THE FLOWERS OF HEAVEN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii. <i>passim.</i>)</p> + + <p>I sent a Note to "N. & Q" some time ago, expressing my conviction + that the original <i>locale</i> of this beautiful idea was in St. + Chrysostom. but, as I could not then give a reference to the passage + which contained it, my suggestion was of course not definite enough to + call for attention. I am now able to vindicate to the "golden-mouthed" + preacher of Antioch this expression of poetic fancy, the origination of + which has excited, and deservedly, so much inquiry among the readers of + "N. & Q." It occurs in Homily X., "On the Statues," delivered at + Antioch. I transcribe the passage from the translation in <i>The Library + of the Fathers</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Follow me whilst I enumerate the meadows, the gardens, the flowering + tribes; all sorts of herbs and their uses, their odours, forms, + disposition; yea, but their very names; the trees which are fruitful and + the barren; the nature of metals; that of animals, in the sea or on the + land; of those that swim and those that traverse the air; the mountains, + the forests, the groves; <i>the meadow below and the meadow above</i>; + <i>for there is a meadow on the earth</i>, <i>and a meadow too in the + sky</i>, <span class="scac">THE VARIOUS FLOWERS OF THE STARS</span>; the + rose below, and the rainbow above!... Contemplate with me the beauty of + the sky; how it has been preserved so long without being dimmed, and + remains as bright and clear as if it had been only fabricated to-day; + moreover the power of the earth, how its womb has not become effete by + bringing forth during so long a time!" &c. Homily X., "On the + Statues," pp. 178-9.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p>P.S.—Are the following lines, which contain this idea, and were + copied long ago from the poet's corner of a provincial paper, with the + title of "The Language of the Stars, a fragment," worth preserving?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The stars bear tidings, voiceless though they are:</p> + <p class="hg1">'Mid the calm loveliness of the evening air,</p> + <p>As one by one they open clear and high,</p> + <p>And win the wondering gaze of infancy,</p> + <p>They speak,—yet utter not. Fair heavenly flowers</p> + <p>Strewn on the floor-way of the angels' bowers!</p> + <p class="hg1">'Twas <span class="sc">His</span> own hand that twined your chaplets bright,</p> + <p>And thoughts of love are in your wreaths of light,</p> + <p>Unread, unreadable by us;—there lie</p> + <p>High meanings in your mystic tracery;</p> + <p>Silent rebukings of day's garish dreams,</p> + <p>And warnings solemn as your own fair beams."</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 272.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Balliolensis</span> should + remember that at the time Dr. Drake published his <!-- Page 347 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page347"></a>{347}</span><i>Historia + Anglo-Scotica</i>, 1703, there were no bounds to the angry passions and + jealousies evoked by the discussion of the projected union; consequently, + what may appear to as in the present day an insufficient reason for the + treatment the book met with in the northern metropolis, wore a very + different aspect to the Scots, who, under the popular belief that they + were to <i>be sold</i> to their enemies, saw every movement with + distrust, and tortured everything said or written on this side the Tweed, + upon the impending question, to discover an attack upon their national + independence, their church, and their valour.</p> + + <p>Looking at Dr. Drake's book, then, for the data upon which it was + condemned, we find that it opens with a prefatory dedication to Sir E. + Seymour, one of Queen Anne's Commissioners for the Union, and a high + churchman, wherein the author distinctly ventures a blow at Presbytery + when he says to his patron:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The languishing oppressed Church of Scotland is not without hopes of + finding in you hereafter the same successful champion and restorer that + her sister of England has already experienced."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He farther calculated upon Sir Edward inspiring the neighbouring + nation "with as great a respect for the generosity of the English as they + have heretofore had to dread their valour." Now the Scots neither + acknowledged the Episcopacy which Seymour is here urged to press upon + them, nor had they any such slavish fear of the vaunted English prowess + with which Dr. Drake would have them intimidated; without going farther, + therefore, into the book, it appears to me that the Scots parliament had + a right to consider it written in a bad spirit, and to pacify the people + by condemning it.</p> + + <p>Defoe, in his <i>History of the Union</i> (G. Chalmers' edition, + London, 1786), says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"One Dr. Drake writes a preface to an abridgment of the <i>Scots + History</i>, wherein, speaking something reflecting upon the freedom and + independence of Scotland, the Scots parliament caused it to be burned by + the hangman in Edinburgh."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In his <i>Northern Memoirs</i>, 1715, Oldmixon observes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"They (the Jacobites) therefore put Dr. Drake, author of the <i>High + Church Memorials</i>, upon publishing an antiquated Scotch history, on + purpose to vilify the whole nation in the preface, and create more ill + blood. This had the desired effect. The Scots parliament highly resented + the affront, and ordered it to be burnt by the common hangman at + Edinburgh."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>D'Israeli, in his <i>Calamities of Authors</i>, has the following + interesting notice of Drake:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I must add one more striking example of a political author in the + case of Dr. James Drake, a man of genius and an excellent writer. He + resigned an honorable profession, that of medicine, to adopt a very + contrary one, that of becoming an author by profession for a party. As a + Tory writer he dared every extremity of the law, while he evaded it by + every subtlety of artifice; he sent a masked lady with his MSS. to the + printer, who was never discovered; and was once saved by a flaw in the + indictment, from the simple change of an <i>r</i> for a <i>t</i>, or + <i>nor</i> for <i>not</i>, one of those shameful evasions by which the + law, to its perpetual disgrace, so often protects the criminal from + punishment. Dr. Drake had the honor of hearing himself censured from the + throne, of being imprisoned, of seeing his <i>Memorials of the Church of + England</i> burned at (the Royal Exchange) London, and his <i>Hist. Angl. + Scot.</i> at Edinburgh. Having enlisted himself in the pay of the + booksellers, among other works, I suspect, he condescended to practise + some literary impositions; for he has reprinted Father Parsons famous + libel against the Earl of Leicester, under the title of <i>Secret Memoirs + of Robert Dudley, E. of L.</i>, 1706, with a preface pretending it was + printed from an old MS."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The same instructive writer adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Drake was a lover of literature; he left behind him a version of + Herodotus, and a system of anatomy, once the most popular and curious of + its kind. After all this turmoil of his literary life, neither his masked + lady nor the flaws in his indictments availed him; government brought a + writ of error, severely prosecuted him; and abandoned, as usual, by those + for whom he had annihilated a genius which deserved a better fate, his + perturbed spirit broke out into a fever, and he died raving against cruel + persecutors, and patrons not much more humane."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Another book before me, and one which shared the fate of Drake's in + Edinburgh, is <i>The Superiority and Direct Dominion of the Imperial + Crown of England over the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland, the true + Foundation of a compleat Union reasserted</i>; 4to. London, 1705. This + had appeared the year before, but was reproduced to answer the objections + to it from the other side. It was written by William Attwood, Esq. If it + required a nice discrimination to discover the offence of Drake, there + was no such dubiety about this book, which goes the whole length of + Scottish vassalage; and Mr. Attwood would lead us to believe that he + knocks over the arguments of Hodges and Anderson<a name="footnotetag6" + href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> for Scottish independence with as + much ease as he would ninepins.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 348 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page348"></a>{348}</span></p> + + <p>Unfortunately these subjects are again forced upon us, and a reference + to some of the books I have cited will enable gentlemen who are curious + upon the point to judge for themselves in the matter of the present + agitation of "Justice to Scotland."</p> + + <p class="author">J. O.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a + href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + <p>Jas. Hodges, a Scotch gentleman, who supported the Independency in a + work entitled <i>War betwixt the Two Kingdoms considered</i>, for which, + says Attwood, "he had 4800 Scots Punds given him for nothing but begging + the question, and bullying England with the terror of her arms."</p> + + <p>"An Historical Essay, showing that the Crown of Scotland is + Independent; wherein the gross Errors of a late book, entitled 'The + Superiority and Direct Dominion,' &c., and some other books for that + purpose, are exposed by Jas. Anderson, A.M., Writer to His Majesty's + Signet," Edin. 1705. For this work Anderson received the thanks of the + Scottish parliament, as well as some pecuniary reward. (Chalmers' <i>Life + of Ruddiman</i>.) The authors of these books having made out a case which + was adopted as the national one, it is nowise surprising that they should + hand over Drake and Attwood to the hangman for attempting to demolish + it.</p> + +</div> + <p>On May 5, 1686, M. Claude's account of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew + was burnt in the Old Exchange, "so mighty a power and ascendant here had + the French ambassador." (Evelyn's <i>Memoirs</i>.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John S. Burn.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Stereoscopic Angles.</i>—As I presume that <span + class="sc">Mr. T. L. Merritt</span> is, like myself, only desirous of + arriving at truth, I beg to offer the following reply to his last + communication (Vol. viii., pp. 275-6.), in which he misinterprets some + observations of mine upon the subject in question.</p> + + <p>With regard to the distance quoted by me of 2¼ inches, I look upon it + as the same thing as intended by <span class="sc">Mr. + Merritt</span>—that is, the <i>average</i> distance between the + centres of the eyes; and it amounts simply to a difference of + <i>opinion</i> between us; but, so far as that point is concerned, I am + quite ready to adopt 2½ inches as a standard, although I believe that the + former is nearer the truth: however, I require more than a mere + <i>assertion</i> that "the <i>only</i> correct space for the cameras to + be apart is 2½ inches, and this under every circumstance, and that + <i>any</i> departure from this <i>must</i> produce error." I quote + verbatim, having merely Italicised three words to point my meaning more + clearly. An object being 5 feet distant, and another at 10 feet from the + observer, a line between the eyes will subtend a very <i>much larger</i> + angle in the former than in the latter instance: hence the inclination of + the axes of the eyes is the chief criterion by which people with the + usual complement of those useful organs judge of proximity: but if half a + dozen houses are made to appear as if 10 or 12 feet distant (by means of + the increase of the angle between the points of formation of the + pictures), while the angle which each picture subtends is relatively + small; it is clear that both eyes will see in relief at a short distance + half a dozen houses in a space not large enough for a single brick of one + of them, and, <i>consequently</i>, <i>the view will appear as if taken + from a model</i>. <span class="sc">Mr. Merritt</span> will object that an + erroneous effect is produced; if he will refer to my statement (Vol. + viii., p. 228.), he will find that it is precisely what I admitted; and + he appears to have overlooked the <i>proviso</i> attached to my next + observation (judging by his comment thereon), so I shall make no farther + remark upon that point, beyond inquiring why the defect he is content to + put up with is called a <i>trifling exaggeration</i>, while that which is + less offensive to me is designated as <i>absolute deformity</i> and + error? Persons with one eye are <i>not good judges</i> of distance, and + this may be easily tested thus:—Close one eye, and endeavour to dip + a pen in an inkstand at some little distance not previously ascertained + by experiment, with both eyes open; it will be found far less easy than + would be imagined. One-eyed people, from habit, contrive to judge of + distance mainly by <i>relative position</i>, and by moving the head + <i>laterally</i> cause a change therein: to them, all pictures are, to an + extent, stereoscopic.</p> + + <p>I am really amazed that my advocacy of the radial, instead of the + parallel, position of the cameras should have been so misunderstood. + Surely, it cannot be seriously asserted that the former will produce + <i>two</i> vanishing points, and the latter only one? And as to the + supposition connected with the boy, the ass, and the drum, a camera that + would produce the effect of showing both sides of the ass, both legs of + the boy, and both heads of the drum, <i>with a movement of only 2½ + inches</i>, whether radially or parallel, would indeed be a curiosity. + But if the motion of the camera extended over a space sufficiently large + to exhibit the phenomena alluded to, then it would confirm what I have + before advanced, viz. present the idea of a <i>small model</i> of the + objects, which could be so placed as to show naturally these very + effects.</p> + + <p>That the axes of the eyes are inclined when viewing objects, is + readily proved thus:—Let a person look across the road at any + object—say a shop-window; but stand so that a <i>lamp-post near + him</i> shall intervene, and be in a <i>direct line</i> between the + observer's nose and the object viewed. If he be requested to observe the + post instead of the distant object, the pupils of his eyes will be seen + to approach one another; and on again looking to the distant object, will + instantly recede. The <i>range</i> of vision is another point that + appears to be misunderstood, as we are differing about words instead of + facts. The column is an illustration that will <i>exactly</i> suit my + views; for I call the <i>range</i> of vision the same if taken from side + to side of the column, although it is perfectly true that the tangents to + the two eyes differ by the angle they subtend: but certainly <span + class="sc">Mr. Wilkinson's</span> case (Vol. viii., p. 181.) of seven + houses and five bathing-machines in one picture, and five houses and + eight machines in the other, illustrates an instance where the range of + vision is not the same; but I contend that the stereoscopic effect is + then <i>confined</i> to five <!-- Page 349 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page349"></a>{349}</span>houses and five machines, otherwise <span + class="sc">Mr. Wilkinson's</span> supposititious case (<i>ibid.</i>), of + all machines in one, and all houses in the other, might be considered as + stereoscopic.</p> + + <p>In concluding this very lengthened and, I fear, tedious reply, I beg + to assert that I am most willing to recant any proposition I may have put + forth, if <i>proved</i> to be erroneous; but I must have proof, not mere + assertion. And farther, my willing thanks are always tendered to any one + kind enough to correct an error.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mr. Pumphrey's Process for securing black Tints in + Positives.</i>—The importance that appears to be attached by some + of thy correspondents to the stereoscopic appearance of photographs, + induces me to call the attention of those who may not have noticed it to + the fact that, as all camera pictures are monocular, they are best seen + by closing one eye, and then they truly represent nature; and the effect + of distance (which so often appears wanting in photographs) is given with + marvellous effect, so well indeed as to render the use of a stereoscope + unnecessary. Like other photographers, I have been long seeking for a + method, easy, cheap, and certain, for obtaining the black tints that are + so highly prized by many in the French positives; and having at last + attained the object of my search, I lose no time in laying it before my + fellow-operators.</p> + + <p>I obtain these results with a twenty-grain solution of nitrate of + silver, a fact that will, I think, commend the plan to most operators. + Thou wilt be able to judge of the result from the inclosed specimen.<a + name="footnotetag7" href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> I use Canson's + paper, either albumenized or plain (but the former is far preferable). If + albumen is used, I dilute it with an equal measure of water, and add half + a grain of common salt (chloride of sodium) to each ounce of the mixture. + This is applied to the paper with a soft flat brush, and all bubbles + removed, by allowing a slender stream of the mixture to flow over its + surface: it is then hung up to dry, and afterwards the albumen is + coagulated with a hot iron. If the paper is used plain, a solution of + common salt (half a grain to one ounce of water) is placed in a shallow + tray, and the paper floated on its surface for a minute, and then hung up + to dry. Excite, in either case, with an ammonio-nitrate of silver + solution (twenty grains to one ounce of water), by floating the paper, + prepared side downwards, for one minute, and hang up to dry.</p> + + <p>Print tolerably strongly, and the proof will be of a reddish-brown. + Fix in tolerably strong solution of hypo. sodæ (I never weigh my hypo., + so cannot give the proportion), that either has been in use some time, or + else, if new, has been nearly saturated with darkened chloride of silver. + When fixed, remove the proofs into another vessel of the same solution of + hypo., to which has been added chloride of gold and acetic acid. The way + I do this is to dissolve one drachm of chloride of gold in two and a half + ounces (1200 minims) of water. Of this I take twenty minims (which will + contain one grain Au Cl<sub>3</sub>) and forty minims of acetic acid + (Beaufoy's) for every dozen proofs (of the size of 7 × 9 in.), that I + mean to operate on, and having mixed the gold and acetic acid with the + solution of hypo., place the proofs in it till they attain the desired + colour: they are then to be washed and dried in the usual way.</p> + + <p>Knowing that so cheap and easy a process for obtaining these tints + would have been a great boon to me a short time since, I lose no time in + communicating this to the readers of "N. & Q." I shall feel a + pleasure in explaining the plan more in detail to any photographer who + may feel disposed to drop me a line.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Pumphrey.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Osbaldwick, near York.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a + href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + <p>The specimens forwarded by <span class="sc">Mr. Pumphrey</span> are + most satisfactory.—<span class="sc">Ed.</span></p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Baskerville the Printer</i> (Vol. viii., p. 203.).—In reply + to <span class="sc">Mr. Elliott's</span> inquiry, I beg to say that + Baskerville the printer was merely named as one who had directed his + interment in unconsecrated ground. The exact place of his burial was not + deemed a point of importance, but it having been questioned, I am able to + state that the spot was correctly described by me. Nichols, in his + <i>Literary Anecdotes</i> (vol. viii. p. 456.), tells us that + "Baskerville was buried in a tomb of masonry, in the shape of a cone, + <i>under a windmill</i> in his garden; on the top of this windmill, after + it fell into disuse, he had erected an urn, and had prepared an + inscription," of which <span class="sc">Mr. Elliott</span> has given a + portion.</p> + + <p>In his will, dated January 6, 1773, he directs his body "to be buried + in a conical building heretofore used as a <i>mill</i>, which I have + lately raised higher, and painted and prepared for it." It seems somewhat + surprising that one, who shocked even John Wilkes as "a terrible + infidel," should have printed a most beautiful folio Bible, at an expense + of 2000<i>l.</i>, and three or more editions of the Book of Common + Prayer. Still more, in 1762, he tells Walpole that he had a grant from + the University of Cambridge to print their 8vo. and 12mo. Common Prayer + Books, and that for this privilege he laboured under heavy liabilities to + the University. Baskerville doubtless regarded these books with a + tradesman's eye, indifferent to the subjects of the works issued from his + press, provided they sold. It would, however, be very unjust to this + admirable printer to name him without praise for the distinguished beauty + of his typography: it was clear and elegant, and he <!-- Page 350 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page350"></a>{350}</span>was most + curious in the choice both of his paper and ink.</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. M.</p> + + <p><i>Lines on Woman</i> (Vol. viii., p. 204.).—The four beautiful + lines which W. V. cites are the conclusion of a poem entitled "Woman," + written by Eton Barrett. About the close of the last century, Eton + Barrett and his younger brother Richard Barrett were at a private school + on Wandsworth Common. My brothers and I were their schoolfellows. The + Barretts were Irish boys; I think (but I speak very doubtfully) from + Cork. Eton Barrett was a boy of more than ordinary talent. He was a + genius among the lesser lights around him. I remember his writing a play + with prologue and epilogue, which was performed before the master and his + family, &c., with so much success, that the master prohibited any + future dramatic performances, fearing, that he might incur blame for + encouraging too much taste for the theatre. Our master gave up his school + before the year 1800. Eton Barrett, a great many years ago, published a + little volume of poems, of which "Woman" was one. I do not remember that + I ever met him since our school-days. I have heard that he adopted Tory + politics in Ireland, and that his brother attached himself to O'Connell, + and conducted some newspaper; but this is mere report. Allow me to take + this opportunity for observing, that many of the communications to "N. + & Q.," such as those in which matters of fact are stated, ought, it + may justly be urged, to be authenticated by the signature of the + contributor. I feel the truth of this so strongly, that, though I do not + sign my name, yet I have thought it right to make myself known to you, so + that you know the person who contributes under the signature</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. J.</p> + + <p><i>Haulf-naked</i> (Vol. viii., p. 205.).—The manor house of + Halnaker, adjoining Walberton and Goodwood, is thus spoken of by Dallaway + in his <i>Hist. of Sussex</i>, "Rape of Chichester," p. + 131.:—"Halnaker, called in <i>Domesday</i> 'Halneche,' and in + writings of very ancient date Halnac, Halnaked, and Halfnaked." Then + follows a short description of the old manor-house.</p> + + <p>It has been lately visited by the Archæological Association, under the + direction of Lord Talbot de Malahide; and it is probable that the + industrious antiquaries of Sussex will soon give us a more detailed + account of it in their next volume of <i>Transactions</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">M. (2.)</p> + + <p><i>Cambridge and Ireland</i> (Vol. viii., p. 270.).—The story of + Irish merchants <i>landing</i> at Cambridge is "very like a whale," + "touched upon the deserts of Bohemia." I think, however, that I can trace + the source of this glaring and oft-repeated error, as there really exists + a documentary connexion between Irish cloth and the town of + Cambridge.</p> + + <p>Referring to a collection of notes on the ancient commerce and + manufactures of Ireland, which I have lately made, I find—cited as + an instance of the general use of Irish cloth in England at an early + period—that Henry IV., in 1410, gave a royal grant of tolls, for + the purpose of paving the town of Cambridge; in which, among other + articles, Irish cloth is taxed at the rate of twopence per hundred. The + grant, "De villa Cantabrigiæ paveanda," will be found in Rymer's + <i>Fœdera</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton.</span></p> + + <p>Ham.</p> + + <p><i>Autobiographical Sketch</i> (Vol. vii., p. 477.).—The + fragments found by <span class="sc">Cheverells</span> are parts of <i>The + Library of Useless Knowledge</i>, by Athanasius Gasker, Esq., F.R.S., + &c.: London, W. Pickering, 1837.</p> + + <p class="author">H. J.</p> + + <p><i>Archbishop Chichely</i> (Vol. viii., p. 198).—The Statute + Book of All Souls College; Robert Hoveden's <i>Life of Chichely</i>; and + the respective Lives by Arthur Duck and O. L. Spencer, have all been + examined for the date of Henry Chichely's birth, but without success.</p> + + <p>The most probable conjecture is, that he was born in 1362; since in + 1442 (see his "Letter to Pope Eugenius," printed in the Appendix to + Spencer's <i>Life</i>) he describes himself as having either completed or + entered upon his <span class="correction" title="Original reads `eighteenth'." + >eightieth</span> year.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Discovery of the Inquisition</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 137.).—It + is a mistake to suppose that all John Day's publications are rare. + Montanus's <i>Discovery and playne Declaration of sundry subtill + Practices of the Holy Inquisition of Spayne, newly translated</i>, 4to., + 1568, is not uncommon. Herbert and Heber possessed copies; and a copy + sold at Saunders's in 1818 for five shillings. My own copy (a remarkably + fine one) cost sixteen shillings at Evans's in 1840. The edition of 1569, + containing some additions, is of greater rarity.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + + <p><i>Divining Rod</i> (Vol. viii., p. 293.).—In the first edition + of his <i>Mathematical Recreations</i>, Hutton laughed at the divining + rod. In the interval between that and the second edition, a lady made him + change his note, by using one before him at Woolwich. Hutton had the + courage to publish the account of the experiment in the second edition + (vol. iv. pp. 216-231.), after the account he had previously given. By a + letter from Hutton to Bruce, printed in the memoir of the former which + the latter wrote, it appears that the lady was Lady Milbanke.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p>"<i>Pinece with a stink</i>" (Vol. viii, p. 270.).—Archbishop + Bramhall's editor should have spelled the first word <i>pinnace</i>, and + then your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Blakiston</span> could + easily have understood the <!-- Page 351 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page351"></a>{351}</span>allusion. In speaking of the offensive + composition, well known to sailors, the word <i>revenge</i>, and not + <i>defend</i>, was used by Bramhall.</p> + + <p class="author">R. G.</p> + + <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. viii., p. 113.).—I do not think any of + your correspondents has noticed the case of John Whethamstede, Abbot of + St. Albans, who wrote a Chronicle of the period between 1441 and 1461: + "He was ordained a priest in 1382, and died in 1464, when he had been + eighty-two years in priest's orders, and was above one hundred years + old." Surely this is a case sufficiently authenticated for your more + sceptical readers. (Henry's <i>History of Great Britain</i>, 2nd ed., + Lond. 1788, vol. x. p. 132.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Chronograms</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 42. 280.).—The following + additional specimen of this once popular form of numerical puzzle is not, + I think, unworthy a corner in "N. & Q."</p> + + <p>On the upper border of a sun-dial, affixed to the west end of Nantwich + Church, Cheshire, there appeared, previous to its removal about 1800, the + undermentioned inscription:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Honor DoMIno pro paCe popVLo sVo parta."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Now, seeing that Nantwich was, during the civil dissensions which + culminated in the murder of Charles I., a rampant hot-bed of anarchy and + rebellion, we should hardly be prepared for such a complete repudiation + of those principles as is conveyed in the line before us, did we not know + that the same anxiety to get rid of the "Bare-bones" incubus universally + prevailed. The numerals, it will be seen, make up the number 1661, which + was the year of the coronation of King Charles II.; and, no doubt, also + the year in which the dial in question was erected.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Chester.</p> + + <p><i>Heraldic Notes</i> (Vol. viii., p. 265.).—The bearing of the + arms of Clare Hall by Dr. Blythe is not strictly correct, because, with + the exception of the three principal Kings of Arms, the Earl Marshal, the + Master of Ordnance, and a few others especially, arms of office do not + exist in England. The general mode of bearing them is by impalement, + giving the preference (dexter) to the arms of dignity. In the example + under notice, the arms of dignity or office are borne upon a <i>pile</i>, + which has somewhat the appearance of an inverted chevron. It is not at + all a common mode of bearing additions; but I remember one case, viz. the + grant by King Henry VIII. to the Seymours, after his marriage to Lady + Jane, of the lions of England on a pile.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bury, Lancashire.</p> + + <p><i>Christian Names</i> (Vol. vii. <i>passim</i>).—May I be + permitted to correct one or two errors in <span class="sc">Mr. + Bates's</span> Note on this subject, Vol. vii. p. 627.?</p> + + <p>The person described as a "certain M. L-P. Saint-Florentin" was no + less a person than the Duke de la Vrillière, who filled several important + offices during the reign of Louis XV. The allusion in the epigram to his + "trois noms" has no reference to his <i>names</i>, whether Christian or + patronymic, in the sense in which the question has been discussed in "N. + & Q.," but to the three <i>titles</i> which he successively bore as a + public man. He commenced his career as M. de Phélippeaux; was afterwards + created Comte de Saint-Florentin, and sometime before his death was + raised to the dignity of Duke de la Vrillière.</p> + + <p>My authority for this statement is the cotemporary work, <i>Les + Mémoires secrets de Bachaumont</i>, where, under date of December, 1770, + the epigram is thus introduced, with a variation in the first line:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Un autre plaisant a fait d'avance l'épitaphe de M. le duc de la + Vrillière. Elle roule sur ses trois noms différents de Phélippeaux, + Saint-Florentin, et la Vrillière:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Ci-git, malgré son rang, un homme fort commun,</p> + <p>Ayant porté trois noms, et n'en laissant aucun.'"</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>The sense being, that his titles had been his only distinction, and + that even they had not been sufficient to rescue his character from + obscurity and contempt.</p> + + <p>However "applicable" this epigram may be to the bearers or borrowers + of three names, it will be some comfort to them to know that its point + was not directed against them, but against a class of men of much higher + pretensions, of one of whom it has been said:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>He left the name</i>, at which the world grew pale,</p> + <p>To point a moral, or adorn a tale."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p> + + <p>"<i>I put a spoke in his wheel</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 269.).—If + G.K., being wronged, should cherish the unchristian spirit of revenge, + let him playfully insert a spoke in the wheel of his friend's tandem, as + it bowls along behind a pair of thorough-bred tits, with twelve months' + hard condition upon old oats in them.</p> + + <p>By simply putting a spoke in the wheel of the waggon employed in the + removal of the Manchester College to London, one trustee opposed a + decided "impediment to the movement" of that institution.</p> + + <p class="author">W. C.</p> + + <p>P. S.—Allow me to point out a misprint at Vol. viii., p. 279, + "Manners of the Irish:" for <i>chuse</i> read <i>cheese</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Judges styled Reverend</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276.).—With + respect to the error into which I was led in making Anthony Fitzherbert + <i>Chief</i> Justice of the Common Pleas, I beg to express my thanks for + our good friend's correction. My statement <!-- Page 352 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page352"></a>{352}</span>was founded on the + authority of the Visitation-Book of the county of Derby, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1634, in which Anthony Fitzherbert is "Chief + Justice of ——;" and, as the question of his rank as a judge + was not one at the moment of communicating my Note, I made no farther + inquiry. I find, however, upon reference to Vincent's <i>Collections for + Derbyshire</i>, that Anthony Fitzherbert is styled, in a very good + pedigree of his family, "Unus Justiciariorum de Coī Banco." Had I + turned to Dugdale's <i>Origines Juridiciales</i>, the error might have + been avoided.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. W. King</span> (York Herald).</p> + + <p><i>Palace at Enfield</i> (Vol. viii., p. 271.).—Queen Elizabeth, + in the early part of her reign, frequently kept her court at Enfield. Her + palace was the manor-house, near the church, of which little now remains. + In Lysons' time (1793) it had been in a great measure rebuilt, and + divided into tenements. He adds, "the part which contains the <i>old + room</i> is in the occupation of Mrs. Perry."</p> + + <p>When I saw this room, about twenty years ago, it was in its original + state, with oak panels and a richly ornamented ceiling. The chimney-piece + was supported by columns of the Ionic and Corinthian order, and decorated + with the cognizances of the rose and portcullis, and the arms of France + and England quartered, with the garter and the royal supporters. + Underneath was this motto, "Sola salus servire Deo, sunt cætera + fraudes."</p> + + <p>In the garden was a magnificent tree, a cedar of Libanus, which was + pointed out to me as having been planted by Queen Elizabeth. But upon + this point tradition was at fault. In the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for + 1779, p. 138., may be seen an account of this remarkable cedar, which was + planted by Dr. Robert Uvedale, the botanist, a tenant of the manor-house + in 1670.</p> + + <p>The church at Enfield does not date farther back than the middle of + the fifteenth century. The devices of a rose and ring, which occur over + the arches of the nave, seen also upon the tower of Hadley Church, with + the date 1444, "supposing it to have been, as is very probable," says + Lysons, "a punning cognizance adopted by one of the priors of Walden, to + which monastery both churches belonged, will fix the building of the + present structure at Enfield to the early part of the fifteenth + century."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + + <p><i>Sir John Vanbrugh</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 65. 160. 232.).—Are + not your correspondents on the wrong scent as regards the birthplace of + Sir John Vanbrugh? In the memoir prefixed to the collection of his + <i>Plays</i>, 2 vols. 12mo., 1759, it is said:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir John Vanbrugh, an eminent dramatic writer, son of Mr. Giles + Vanbrugh of London, merchant, was born in the parish of St. Stephen's, + Walbrook, in 1666. The family of Vanbrugh were for many years merchants + of great credit and reputation at Antwerp, and came into England in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth, on account of the persecution for + religion."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Cunningham (<i>Handbook of London</i>, p. 282.) speaks of + <i>William</i> Vanderbergh, the supposed father of Sir John, as residing + in Lawrence-Poultney Lane in 1677. He refers to Strype's map of Walbrook + and Dowgate wards, and <i>A Collection of the Names of the Merchants + living in and about the City of London</i>, 12mo. 1677.</p> + + <p>The writer of the notice of Sir John Vanbrugh in Chambers' + <i>Cyclopædia of English Literature</i>, vol. i. p. 597., says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Vanbrugh was the son of a successful sugar-baker, who rose to be an + esquire, and comptroller of the treasury chamber, besides marrying the + daughter of Sir Dudley Carlton. It is doubtful whether the dramatist was + born in the French Bastile, or the parish of St. Stephen's, Walbrook. The + time of his birth was about the year 1666, when Louis XIV. declared war + against England. It is certain he was in France at the age of nineteen, + and remained there some years."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The family vault of the Vanbrughs is certainly in St. Stephen's + Church, Walbrook, where Sir John was buried on the 30th of March, + 1726.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + + <p><i>Greek Inscription on a Font</i> (Vol. viii., p. 198.).—-This + Query has already been answered and illustrated in Vol. vii., pp. 178. + 366. 417.; but the following passage may be of interest, as affording + instances of the same inscription in France, and pointing out the + probable source of its usage, viz. from the ancient Greek metropolitan + church at Constantinople:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"St. Mémin est une abbaye célèbre sous l'ancien nom de Micy, sur la + rivière de Loire, proche d'Orléans. Il y a dans l'église de ce monastère + un benétier de forme ronde, avec cette inscription grecque gravée sur le + bord du bassin, <span class="sc"><span title="NIPSON ANOMÊMA MÊMONAN OPSIN" class="grk" + >ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑ + ΜΗΜΟΝΑΝ + ΟΨΙΝ</span></span>. La même chose est à Paris, au + benétier de St. Etienne d'Egrès, et aussi autrefois à celui de Sainte + Sophie à Constantinople."—<i>Voyages liturgiques de France, par le + Sieur Moleon</i>, p. 219., 8vo. 1718.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It may be added (on Cole's authority, vol. <span + class="scac">XXXV</span>. f. 19b.) that the same inscription is inscribed + round a large silver basin used formerly at the master's table on + festival days, in Trinity College Hall, Cambridge; and I have also seen + it on a sliver-gilt rose-water basin, introduced at the banquets given by + the master of Magdalene College in the same university.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">μ</span>.</p> + + <p>"<i>Fierce</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 280.).—In this part of the + country the words <i>pert</i>, pronounced "peart," and <i>pure</i>, bear + the same meaning, of well in health and spirits.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 353 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page353"></a>{353}</span></p> + + <p><i>Giving Quarter</i> (Vol. viii., p. 246.).—It must be observed + that the older form of the expression is "keeping quarter:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That every one should kill the man he caught,</p> + <p>To <i>keep no quarter</i>."—<i>Drayton in Richardson.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Now very obvious application of the word <i>quarter</i>, instanced by + Todd, is to signify the proper station or appointed place of any one.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"They do best who, if they cannot but admit love, yet make it <i>keep + quarter</i>, and sever it wholly from their serious + affairs."—Bacon's <i>Essays</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To keep quarter, then, is to keep within measure, within the limits or + bounds appointed by some paramount consideration; and hence, as in the + following passage from Shakspeare (where it is clumsily interpreted amity + or companionship), the word is used as synonymous with terms or + conditions:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"Friends all but now,</p> + <p>In quarter and in terms like bride and groom</p> + <p>Divesting them for bed, and then but now</p> + <p>Swords out and tilting one at other's breast."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the same sense Clarendon speaks of "offering them <i>quarter</i> + for their lives if they would give up the castle," <i>i. e.</i> offering + them conditions for their lives on their performing their part of the + bargain.</p> + + <p>Again, in a passage of Swift, cited by Todd: "Mr. Wharton, who + detected some hundred of the bishop's mistakes, meets with very ill + quarter from his Lordship," <i>i. e.</i> meets with very ill conditions + of treatment from him. Finally, <i>to give quarter</i> in the military + sense is to give conditions absolutely, as opposed to the unmitigated + exercise of the victor's power, and, as the most important of all + conditions, to spare life.</p> + + <p class="author">H. W.</p> + + <p><i>Sheriffs of Glamorganshire</i> (Vol. iii., p. 186.).—The list + of the Glamorganshire sheriffs here inquired for was not printed by Mr. + Traherne, but by the Rev. H. H. Knight, M.A., of Neath, and of Nottage + Court, in Glamorganshire: it is a little pamphlet in a paper cover.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>When the maggot bites</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 244.).—A + correspondent asks why a thing done on the spur of the moment is said to + be done "when the maggot bites." It signifies rather doing a thing when + the fancy takes one. When a person acts from no apparent motive in + external circumstances, he is said to have a maggot in his head, to have + a bee in his bonnet or, in French, "Avoir des rats dans la tête;" in + Platt-Deutsch, to have a mouse-nest in his head, the eccentric behaviour + being attributed to the influence of the internal irritation.</p> + + <p class="author">H. W.</p> + + <p><i>Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages</i> (Vol. viii., + p. 174.).—Your correspondent M. will find much valuable information + on this subject in a work entitled <i>Thoughts on the Origin and Descent + of the Gael</i>, by James Grant, Esq., Advocate: Edinburgh, Constable + & Co., 1814.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p><i>Bacon's Essays</i> (Vol. viii., p. 143.).—Bacon's Essay VII.: + "Optimum elige," &c. Pythagoras, in <i>Plutarch de + Exilio</i>.—Essay XV.: "Dolendi modus," &c. Plin., lib. viii. + ep. 17. fin.</p> + + <p class="author">C. P. E.</p> + + <p>"<i>Exiguum est.</i>" <i>&c.</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 197.).—"Exiguum est ad legem bonum esse." Vide <i>Senec. de + Ira</i>, ii. 27.</p> + + <p class="author">C. P. E.</p> + + <p><i>Muffs worn by Military Men on a March</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 281.).—In the year 1592 the Duke of Nevers was despatched by Henry + IV. with all speed to a place called Bully, in order to cut off the + retreat of the Duke of Guise, lately defeated near Bures. Sully speaks of + him thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Duke of Nevers, the slowest of men, began by sending to make + choice of the most favourable roads, and marched with a slow pace towards + Bully, with his hands and his nose in his muff, and his whole person well + packed up in his coach."—<i>Memoirs of Sully</i>, vol. i. p. 235., + English edit., Edinburgh, 1773.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p>"<i>Earth says to Earth</i>" (Vol. vii., pp. 498. 576.).—A + fac-simile of these lines, discovered in the chapel of the Guild of the + Holy Cross at Stratford-on-Avon (with many other curious plates), may be + seen in Fisher's <i>Illustrations of the Paintings</i>, &c., edited + by J. G. Nichols, Esq., and published in 1802, and afterwards + continued.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Erica</span> speaks of "Weaver's" Account. Unless + this is a misprint for "Wheler's" (<i>Account of Stratford-on-Avon</i>), + perhaps he will oblige me with the full title of Weaver's work.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Este.</span></p> + + <p><i>Poetical Tavern Signs</i> (Vol. viii., p. 242.).—I would add + the following sign-inscription to those noted by <span class="sc">R. C. + Warde</span>. It was on the walls of a tavern half-way up Richmond Hill, + three miles south of Douglas, Isle of Man, kept by a man of the name of + Abraham Lowe:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I'm Abraham Lowe, and half-way up the hill,</p> + <p>If I were higher up, what's funnier still,</p> + <p>I should be belowe. Come in and take your fill</p> + <p>Of porter, ale, wine, spirits, what you will.</p> + <p>Step in, my friend, I pray no farther go;</p> + <p>My prices, like myself, are always low."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">J. G. C.</p> + + <p><i>Unkid</i> (Vol. viii., p. 221.).—Is not the word + <i>hunks</i>, so common in people's mouths,—<i>An old hunks</i>, an + old miser or miserable wretch, to be referred to the same derivation as + <i>unkid</i>, <i>hunkid</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">F. B—w.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 354 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page354"></a>{354}</span></p> + + <p><i>Camera Lucida</i> (Vol. viii., p. 271.).—<span + class="sc">Caret</span> will find Dr. Wollaston's description of his + invention, the "Camera Lucida," in the 17th volume of <i>Nicholson's + Journal</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">M. C. M.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Messrs. MacMillan of Cambridge have commenced the publication of a + series of theological manuals by <i>A History of the Christian Church</i> + (<i>Middle Age</i>), by Charles Hardwick, M.A.; which, although written + for this series, claims to be regarded as an integral and independent + treatise on the Mediæval Church. The work, which extends from the time of + Gregory the Great to 1520, when Luther, having been extruded from those + churches that adhered to the communion of the Pope, established a + provisional form of government, and opened a fresh era in the history of + Europe, is distinguished by the same diligent research and conscientious + acknowledgment of authorities which procured for Mr. Hardwick's + <i>History of the Articles of Religion</i> such a favourable reception. + The work is illustrated by four maps, which have been especially + constructed for it by Mr. A. Keith Johnston.</p> + + <p>The amiable and accomplished author of <i>Proposals for Christian + Union</i>, and of <i>Welsh Sketches</i>, has just issued the third and + concluding series of his little volumes on Welsh history, civil and + ecclesiastical. We have no doubt that the eight chapters of which it + consists, and in which he treats of Edward the Black Prince, Owen + Glyndwr, Prince of Wales, Mediæval Bardism, and the Welsh Church, will be + read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the Principality, + but by all who look with interest on that portion of our island in which + the last traces of our ancient British race and language still + linger.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>—<i>The Journal of Sacred + Literature</i>, No. IX. for October, continues to put forth strong claims + to the support of those who have a taste for pure biblical literature. + From the address of its new editor, it would seem not to be so well known + as the object for which it is established plainly + deserves.—<i>Cyclopædia Bibliographica</i>, Part XIII. for October, + continues its useful course. Every succeeding number only serves to prove + how valuable the work will be when completed.—<i>The Shakspeare + Repository</i>, edited by J. H. Fennell, No. III., is well worth the + attention of our numerous Shakspearian readers.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Ford's Handbook of Spain.</span> Vol. I.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Austin Cheironomia.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. E. Irving's Orations on Death, Judgement, + Heaven, and Hell.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Thomas Gardener's History of Dunwich.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Marsh's History of Hursley and Baddesley.</span> + About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nicephorus Catena on the Pentateuch.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Procopius Gazæus.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Watt's Bibliographia Britannica.</span> Parts V. and + VI.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Maxwell's Digest of the Law of Intestates.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Carlyle's Chartism.</span> Crown 8vo. 2nd + Edition.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Builder</span>, No. 520.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Oswalli Crollii Opera.</span> 12mo. Geneva, 1635.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Gaffarell's Unheard-of Curiosities.</span> Translated + by Chelmead. London. 12mo. 1650.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Beaumont's Psyche.</span> 2nd Edit. folio. Camb., + 1702.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">PAMPHLETS.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Junius Discovered.</span> By P. T. Published about + 1789.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Reasons for Rejecting the Evidence of Mr. + Almon</span>, &c. 1807.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Another Guess at Junius.</span> Hookham. 1809.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Author of Junius Discovered.</span> Longmans. + 1821.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Claims of Sir P. Francis refuted.</span> + Longmans. 1822.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Who Was Junius?</span> Glynn. 1837.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Some New Facts</span>, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. + 1850.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names and addresses.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Wanted.</span>—<i>We believe that + gentlemen in want of particular books, either by way of loan or purchase, + would find great facilities in obtaining them if their names and + addresses were published, so that parties having the books might + communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on this belief, we + shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law respecting + advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire to avail + themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and + addresses</i>—<i>unless specially requested not to do so</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">J. N. Radcliffe.</span> <i>We shall be glad to + receive the Legendary Lore mentioned by our Correspondent.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. H. G.</span> <i>Your letter has been forwarded + to</i> A. F. B. (Diss).</p> + + <p>S. Z. Z. S. <i>We have a letter waiting for this Correspondent; how + can we forward it?</i></p> + + <p>C. E. F. <i>Warm water and a few small shot will thoroughly cleanse + the bottles in which collodion has been kept.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">An Amateur Experimentalist.</span> <i>Formerly the + pint used in the compounding of medicines, chemicals, &c. consisted + of sixteen fluid ounces, weighing one pound Avoirdupois weight. Now the + imperial pint of twenty ounces is in general use. The Troy and + apothecaries' ounce are the same, and contain forty grains more than the + Avoirdupois ounce. In making collodion, take any quantity of ether, and + dissolve the gun cotton in it; if too thick, it may always be reduced by + the addition of more ether. Uniodized collodion may be bought quite as + cheap as it may be made; and it generally has the advantage of having + been made in a large body, and allowed time to settle, whereby the clear + portion only is more easily decanted off for sale.</i></p> + + <p><i>Having active professional duties, it has been only at his leisure + that</i> <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>has been enabled to give + his attention to Photography, which has been the main cause of the delay + complained of; but the delay will prove an advantage, for such important + improvements are almost daily taking place in the art that works + published a short time since are becoming comparatively useless.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hugh Henderson.</span> <i>1st, Black Japan varnish is + very improper for your positive pictures; it often cracks, and is long in + drying. Black lacquer varnish, procurable at Strong's, the varnish makers + in Long Acre, is the best we have been able to procure. 2nd, The solution + for development will keep any length of time; you may use it by dipping + or otherwise</i>.</p> + + <p>W.C., <i>who recommends the use of a plate glass bath enveloped in + gutta percha, is informed that we have had such a bath in use for many + months, and it answers our purpose exceedingly well</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Abraham.</span> <i>As we have often said before, we + think that a good lens requires no "actinic" focus to find. In a properly + constructed lens the chemical and visual foci are identical; and we would + ourselves not be troubled with the use of one in which they differed. Our + advertising columns will point out to you where such a lens man be + procured. We believe, where there is a difference between the two foci, + chemical and visual, that other distortions also take place, accounting + for some of the unpleasant effects complained of in Photography.</i></p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., <i>price Three Guineas and a + Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable</i>.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday</i>, <i>so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels</i>, <i>and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 355 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page355"></a>{355}</span></p> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p> + + <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p> + + <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan + of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained + with perfect Security.</p> + + <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>PETER MORRISON,</p> + <p>Managing Director.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes. Best and + Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p> + + <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p>Price List Gratis.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY, DU BARRY + & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual + remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves + fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, + intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, + dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, + heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of + the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during + pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the + aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:—</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:—"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart + de Decies.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable agony from + dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, + sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's + excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, + near Diss, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by + Du Barry's food in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. + Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, + with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington + Rectory, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p> + + <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all + kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, + as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and + bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of + the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> +"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, + purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent + Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine + venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full + instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; + 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of + Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, + London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having + been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar + names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to + see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry + & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which + none is genuine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, + Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's + Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for + taking either Views or Portraits.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Now ready, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> By Post, 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By + PHILIP DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by + the Collodion Process. This Manual contains much practical information of + a valuable nature.</p> + + <p>JOSEPH CUNDALL, 198. New Bond Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 356 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page356"></a>{356}</span></p> + +<h3>MURRAY'S +HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS +IN ITALY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">The following are now ready.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR NORTH ITALY.—Being a Guide to SARDINIA, LOMBARDY, + VENICE, PARMA, PIACENZA, MODENA, LUCCA, FLORENCE, and TUSCANY as far as + the VAL D'ARNO. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part I.—Being a Guide to SOUTHERN + TUSCANY and the PAPAL STATES. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. + 7<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part II.—Being a Guide to ROME and + its Environs. With Plan, Post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN ITALY.—Being a Guide to the CONTINENTAL + PORTION of the TWO SICILIES, including NAPLES, POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, + VESUVIUS, BAY OF NAPLES, &c. With Map and Plans. Post 8vo. + 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK TO THE ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF PAINTING. From the German of + Kugler. With 100 Illustrations from the Old Masters. Post 8vo.</p> + + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + + <p>J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by + post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different + Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. + And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room + Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render + their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham + Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has had considerable experience.</p> + + <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>DAILY CHURCH SERVICES in one Portable Volume, containing the Prayers + and Lessons for daily use, or the Course of Scripture Readings for the + Year, authorised by the Church. Also a Table of the Proper Lessons for + Sundays and Holydays, with references to the pages. Price 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> bound, or 16<i>s.</i> in Hayday's Morocco.</p> + + <p>This book is also kept by any respectable bookseller in a variety of + elegant bindings.</p> + + <p>Oxford & London: J. H. Parker.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY, No. VI., OCTOBER.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents.</span></p> + <p>1. Cyphers.</p> + <p>2. Roman London.</p> + <p>3. The Table-Turner outdone.</p> + <p>4. Turkey—its Past and Present.</p> + <p>5. A String of Facts about Siam.</p> + <p>6. Symbolic Jewellery.</p> + <p>7. Tanglewood Tales, for Girls and Boys.</p> + <p>8. A few Notes from Cairo.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Price One Shilling.</p> + + <p>London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Just published in fcp. 8vo., illustrated with Wood-engravings by + Jewitt. price 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>SCOTLAND AND THE SCOTTISH CHURCH, by the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., + Vicar of Figheldean, Wilts, Author of "America and the American Church," + &c.</p> + + <p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Now ready price 25<i>s.</i>, Second Edition, revised and corrected. + Dedicated by Special Permission to THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF + CANTERBURY.</p> + + <p>PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH.</p> + + <p>The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. + Paul's. The Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or + One, including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments, + and a Concise <span class="sc">System of Chanting</span>, by J. B. SALE. + Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco + cloth, price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell + Street, Millbank. Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for + that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music + Warehouses.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."—<i>Times.</i></p> + + <p>"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + + <p>"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it + appears."—<i>Musical World.</i></p> + + <p>"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of a very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."—<i>John Bull.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p>Also, lately published,</p> + + <p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the + Chapel Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Fifth Edition, 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. By THOMAS VOWLER SHORT, D.D., Lord + Bishop of St. Asaph.</p> + + <p>By the same Author, WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?</p> + + <p>Cheaper Edition. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Cheaper Edition, Two Volumes octavo, 25<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>SYSTEM OF LOGIC. By JOHN STUART MILL.</p> + + <p>By the same Author, PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. Third Edition. + Two Volumes octavo, 30<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Foolscap Octavo, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>GOETHE'S OPINIONS ON THE WORLD, MANKIND, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART. + Translated by OTTO WENCKSTERN.</p> + + <p>JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Book Auction Rooms, 191. Piccadilly. Established 1794.</p> + + <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their Season for Sales of + Literary Property will commence on Wednesday next, October 12. In + addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, + and collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, + Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, Objects of Art + and Vertu, and Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, + would suggest a sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of + obtaining their full value; and they flatter themselves that the central + situation of their premises (near St. James's Church), their extensive + connexion of more than half a century's standing, and the careful + circulation of their Catalogues in all parts of the country, and + occasionally throughout Europe and America, are advantages that will not + be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small parcels of + Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional sales + with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages + to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.</p> + + <p>*** Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the Probate or + Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Library, Bookcase, Fire-proof Safe, &c.</p> + + <p>SIX DAYS' SALE.</p> + + <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by + AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Wednesday, October + 12th, and Five following days, Sunday excepted, a Large and Valuable + Collection of Books, from several Private Libraries, consisting of + Standard Works, English and Foreign, in most Departments of Literature: + amongst which are, Manning and Bray's History of Surrey, 3 vols.; + Clutterbuck's History of Hertfordshire, 3 vols.; Polwhele's History of + Devon, 3 vols.; Stowe's London, by Strype, 2 vols., best edition; + Vesputius' Neue unbekanthe Landte, 1508, rare; Ludolphus de Suchen de + Terra Sancta, editio princeps, rare; Shakspeare's Works, second edition + 1632, third edition 1663; Holy Bible. Macklins's splendid edition, 3 + vols., half russia; D'Oyley and Mants' Commentary, 3 vols.; Penny + Cyclopædia, 27 vols., calf extra; the separate and collected works of + many Popular Authors; Law Books; a few Curious Broadsides; some + Interesting Heraldic and Genealogical Collections; about 500 vols. of + Novels and Romances; a few Engravings; a set of Raphael's Cartoons, + framed; a neat Mahogany Bookcase; Fire-proof Safe; Curious Antique + Guipure Lace; and other valuable Miscellaneous Property. Catalogues will + be sent on application: if in the country, on receipt of six stamps.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, October 8. + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 206, October +8, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 27005-h.htm or 27005-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/0/0/27005/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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