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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 203, September 17, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27003] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 261 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page261"></a>{261}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 203.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, September 17. 1853.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Our Shakspearian Correspondence</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page261">261</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mr. Pepys and East London Topography, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page263">263</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Picts' Houses in Aberdeenshire</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page264">264</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Legends of the County + Clare—Devonshire Cures for the Thrush</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page264">264</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Heraldic Notes</span>:—Arms of + Granville—Arms of Richard, King of the Romans</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page265">265</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell and Thos. + Keightley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page265">265</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Longfellow's Poetical + Works—Sir Walter Raleigh—Curious + Advertisement—Gravestone Inscription—Monumental + Inscription</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page267">267</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir Philip Warwick</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page268">268</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth, by E. S. Taylor</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Hand in Bishop + Canning's Church—"I put a spoke in his wheel"—Sir W. + Hewit—Passage in Virgil—Fauntleroy—Animal Prefixes + descriptive of Size and Quality—Punning Devices—"Pinece + with a stink"—Soiled Parchment Deeds—Roger Wilbraham, + Esq.'s, Cheshire Collection—Cambridge and + Ireland—Derivation of Celt—Ancient Superstition against + the King of England entering or even beholding the Town of + Leicester—Burton—The Camera Lucida—Francis + Moore—Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle—Palace at + Enfield—"Solamen miseris," &c.—Soke + Mills—Second Wife of Mallet</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Books + burned by the Common Hangman—Captain George Cusack—Sir + Ralph Winwood</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page272">272</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books chained to Desks in Churches, by J. Booker, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page273">273</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Epitaphs by Cuthbert Bede, B.A., &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page273">273</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Parochial Libraries</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page274">274</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Up, Guards, and at them!" by Frank Howard</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page275">275</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Mr. + Muller's Process—Stereoscopic Angles—Ammonio-nitrate of + Silver</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page275">275</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Sir Thomas + Elyot—Judges styled "Reverend"—"Hurrah" and other + War-cries—Major André—Early Edition of the New + Testament—Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge—Sir William + Hankford—Maullies, Manillas—The Use of the Hour-glass in + Pulpits—Derivation of the Word "Island"—A + Cob-wall—Oliver Cromwell's Portrait—Manners of the + Irish—Chronograms and Anagrams—"Haul over the + Coals,"—Sheer Hulk—The + Magnet—Fierce—Connexion between the Celtic and Latin + Languages—Acharis, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page276">276</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page283">283</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>OUR SHAKSPEARIAN CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p>We have received from a valued and kind correspondent (not one of + those emphatically good-natured friends so wittily described by Sheridan) + the following temperate remonstrance against the tone which has + distinguished several of our recent articles on Shakspeare:—</p> + + <p><i>Shakspeare Suggestions</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 124. 169.).—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Most busy, when least I do."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I am grateful to A. E. B. for referring me to the article on + "Shakspeare Criticism" in the last number of <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>. + It is a very able paper, and worthy of general attention.</p> + + <p>I ought to add some few explanatory observations upon the subject of + my former communication, but the tone of A. E. B.'s comments forbids me + to proceed with the discussion; the more especially as my suggestion has + been made a reason for introducing into your pages comments which seem to + me to be altogether unwarrantable upon other portions of the article in + Blackwood. Whoever may be the writer of that article—I do not + know—he needs no other defence than a reference to his paper. It is + not on his account that I venture to allude to this subject; it is rather + on yours, Mr. Editor, and with a view to the welfare of your paper. I + cannot think that you or it will be benefited by converting + conversational gossip about Shakspeare difficulties into "a duel in the + form of a debate," seasoned with sarcasm, insinuation, and satiric point. + This is not the kind of matter one expects to find in "N. & Q." + neither do I think your pages should be made a vehicle for "showing up" + such of "the herd of menstrual Aristarchi" as chance to differ in opinion + from some of your smart and peremptory, but not unfrequently inaccurate + and illiberal correspondents.</p> + + <p>I know that you yourself are in this respect much in the power of your + contributors. Probably you were as ignorant of the existence of the + article in Blackwood as I was.<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> It is now brought <!-- Page 262 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page262"></a>{262}</span>before your + notice, and I invite you to look at it, and judge for yourself whether + A. E. B. has treated you, your paper, or the writer of that very + excellent article, with common fairness in the remarks to which I + allude.</p> + + <p>I make these observations on two grounds: first, as one who has many + reasons for being anxious for the prosperity of "N. & Q.;" and + secondly, because I know it to be the opinion of several of your earliest + and warmest friends, that there is a tendency in some of your Shakspeare + contributors to indulge in insinuation, imputation of motives, and many + other things which ought never to appear in your pages. We lately + observed, with deep regret, that you were misled (not by A. E. B.) into + the insertion of unjustifiable insinuations, levelled against a gentleman + whom we all know to be a man of the highest personal honour.</p> + + <p>The questions which are mooted in your pages ought to be discussed + with the mutual forbearance and enlarged liberality which are predominant + in the general society of our metropolis; not with the keen and angry + partizanship which distinguishes the petty squabbles of a country + town.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Icon</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>Our readers know that we ourselves recently noticed the tendency of + too many of our correspondents to depart from the courteous spirit by + which the earlier communications to this Journal were distinguished. The + intention we then announced of playing the tyrant in future, and + exercising with greater freedom our "editorial privilege of omission," we + now repeat yet more emphatically. <span class="sc">Icon</span> well + remarks that we are much in the power of our contributors. Indeed we are + more so than even he supposes.</p> + + <p>An article on the <i>Notes and Emendations</i> which lately appeared + in our columns concluded, in its original form, with an argument against + their genuineness, based on the use of a word unknown to Shakspeare and + his cotemporaries. This appeared to us somewhat extraordinary, and a + reference to Richardson's excellent Dictionary proved that our + correspondent was altogether wrong <i>as to his facts</i>. We of course + omitted the passage; but we ought not to have received a statement + founded on a mistake which might have been avoided by a single reference + to so common a book.</p> + + <p>Again, at p. 194. of the present volume, another correspondent, after + pointing out some coincidences between the old Emendator and some + suggested corrections by Z. Jackson, and stating that <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> never once refers to Jackson, proceeds: + "<span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, however, talks familiarly about + Jackson, in his <i>Shakspeare Vindicated</i>, as if he had him at his + fingers' ends; and yet, at p. 239., he favours the world with an + <i>original</i> emendation (viz. 'He did <i>behood</i> his anger,' + <i>Timon</i>, Act III. Sc. 1.), which, however, will be found at page + 389. of Jackson's book." Now, after this, who would have supposed that, + as we learn from <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, "<span + class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> has founded his charge on such slender + grounds as one cursory notice of Jackson at p. 288. of my book, where I + mentioned him merely on the authority of <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span>." And who that knows <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> + will doubt the truth of his assertion, that he has not even seen + Jackson's book for near a quarter of a century, and that he had not the + slightest reason to doubt that the conjecture of <i>behood</i> for + <i>behave</i> was his own property?<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + + <p>But there is another gentleman who, although he has never whispered a + remonstrance to us upon the subject, has even more grounds of complaint + than <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, for the treatment which he has + received in our columns; we mean our valued friend and contributor <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>, who we feel has received some injustice in + our pages. But the fact is that, holding, as we do unchanged, the opinion + which we originally expressed of the great value of the <i>Notes and + Emendations</i>—knowing <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> + character to be above suspicion—and believing that the result of + all the discussions to which the <i>Notes and Emendations</i> have given + rise, will eventually be to satisfy the world of their great + value,—<i>we</i> have not looked so strictly as we ought to have + done, and as we shall do in future, to the tone in which they have been + discussed in "N. & Q."</p> + + <p>And here let us take the opportunity of offering a few suggestions + which we think worthy of being borne in mind in all discussions on the + text of Shakspeare, whether the object under consideration be what + Shakspeare actually wrote, or what Shakspeare really meant by what he did + write.</p> + + <p>First, as to this latter point. Some years ago a distinguished + scholar, when engaged in translating Göthe's <i>Faust</i>, came to a + passage involved in considerable obscurity, and which he found was + interpreted very differently by different admirers of the poem. Unable, + under these circumstances, to procure any satisfactory solution of the + poet's meaning, the translator applied to Göthe himself, and received + from him the candid reply which we think it far from improbable that + Shakspeare himself might give with reference to many passages in his own + writings,—"That <!-- Page 263 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page263"></a>{263}</span>he was very sorry he could not assist him, + but he really did not know exactly what he meant when he wrote it." We + doubt not some of our contributors could supply us with many similar + avowals.</p> + + <p>This opinion will no doubt offend many of those blind worshippers of + Shakspeare, who will not believe that he could have written a passage + which is not perfect, and who, consequently, will not be satisfied with + any note, emendation, or restoration which does not make the passage into + which it is introduced "one entire and perfect chrysolite." But this is + unreasonable. We have direct evidence of the imperfect character of much + that Shakspeare wrote. When told that Shakspeare had never blotted a + line, Ben Jonson—no mean critic, and no unfriendly one—wished + he had "blotted a thousand." Would rare Ben have uttered such a wish + ignorantly and without cause? We believe the existence of such defects in + the writings of Shakspeare, as they were left by him. It follows, + therefore, that in our opinion Shakspeare is under great obligations to + the undeservedly-abused commentators.<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> It would be strange indeed, when we + consider how many men of genius and learning have busied themselves to + illustrate his writings, if none of them should have caught any + inspiration from his genius. We believe they have done so. We believe + Theobald's "babbled o' green fields" to be one of many instances in + which, with reference to some one particular passage, the scholiast has + proved himself worthy of and excelling his author. Yes, Shakspeare, the + greatest of all uninspired writers, was but mortal; and his worshippers + would sometimes do well bear in mind that their golden image had but feet + of clay.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>We had not seen this very able article until our attention was called + to it by this letter. We regret that the author of it was not aware of + what had been written in "N. & Q." on many of the points discussed by + him. Such knowledge might have modified some of his views.</p> + + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>On this point we would call especial attention to <span class="sc">Mr. + Halliwell's</span> communication on the <i>Difficulty of avoiding + Coincident Suggestions on the Text of Shakspeare</i>, which will be found + in our present Number.</p> + + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>One of the most specious arguments which have been advanced against + the genuineness of the <i>Notes and Emendations</i> is, that they agree + in many instances with readings which had been suggested many years + before the discovery of the MS. Notes. Of course it is obvious that, + wherever the readings are right, they must do so; and these coincidences + serve to satisfy us of the correctness of both.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>MR. PEPYS AND EAST LONDON TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.</h3> + + <p>In "N. & Q." (Vol. i., p. 141.) there appeared an article upon the + Isle of Dogs, &c., which spoke of the neglected topography of the + east of London, and requested information on one or two points. Having + felt much interested in this matter, I have endeavoured to obtain + information by personal investigation, and send you the following from + among a mass of Notes:—</p> + + <p>1. <i>Isle of Dogs.</i> In a map drawn up in 1588 by Robert Adams, + engraved in 1738, this name is applied to an islet in the river Thames, + still in part existing, at the south-west corner of the peninsula. From + this spot the name appears to have extended to the entire marsh.</p> + + <p>2. <i>Dick Shore</i>, Limehouse. This is now called <i>Duke Shore</i>, + Fore Street. In Gascoyne's Map of Stepney, 1703, it is called <i>Dick + Shoar</i>. Since that time <i>Dick</i> has become a <i>Duke</i>. Mr. + Pepys would find boats there now if he visited the spot.</p> + + <p>3. Mr. Pepys, in his <i>Diary</i> of Mar. 23, 1660, speaks of "the + great breach," near Limehouse. The spot now forming the entrance to the + City Canal or South Dock of the West India Dock Company was called "the + breach," when the canal was formed.</p> + + <p>4. July 31, 1665. Mr. Pepys speaks of the <i>Ferry</i> in the Isle of + Dogs. This ferry is named as a horse-ferry by Norden in the <i>Britannić + Speculum</i>, 1592 (MS.). The ferry is still used, but only seldom as a + horse-ferry.</p> + + <p>5. Oct. 9, 1661. Mr. P. mentions Captain Marshe's, at Limehouse, close + by the lime-house. There is still standing there a large old brick house, + which may be the same; and the lime-kiln yet exists, for, as Norden says, + "ther is a kiln contynually used."</p> + + <p>6. Sept. 22, 1665. Mr. P. speaks of a discovery made "in digging the + late docke." This discovery consisted of nut trees, nuts, yew, ivy, + &c., twelve feet below the surface. Johnson no doubt told him the + truth. The same discovery was made in 1789, in digging the Brunswick + Dock, also at Blackwall, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood.</p> + + <p>This very week (Aug. 25, 1853) I procured specimens of several kinds + of wood, with land and freshwater shells, from as great a depth in an + excavation at the West India Docks; the wood from a bed of peat, the + shells from a bed of clay resting upon it. There exists an ancient house + at the dock which Mr. P. visited, and which is probably the same.</p> + + <p>Other illustrations of the <i>Diary</i> from this quarter might be + adduced; let these, however, suffice as a specimen.</p> + + <p>It may probably be new to most of your readers, as it is to me, that + an ancient house in Blackwall (opposite the Artichoke Tavern) is said to + have been the residence of Sebastian Cabot at one time, and at another + that of <i>Sir Walter Raleigh</i>. Whether the tradition be true or not, + the house is very curious, and worth a visit, if not worthy of being + sketched and engraved to preserve its memory. Perhaps the photograph in + this case could be applied.</p> + + <p>It is not impossible that Sir John de Pulteney or Poultney, to whom + the manor of Poplar was granted in the 24th of Edward III., resided on + this spot. My reasons for thinking it are—this fact, which connects + him with the neighbourhood; and the inference from two other facts, viz. + that the house in which Sir John resided in town was <!-- Page 264 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page264"></a>{264}</span>called <i>Cold + Harbour</i>, and that <i>Cold Harbour</i> is here also to be found. Sir + John Pulteney is thus connected with both the places known by this + name.</p> + + <p>I would give my name in verification, but you have it, as you should + have the names and addresses of all your correspondents.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Poplar.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PICTS' HOUSES IN ABERDEENSHIRE.</h3> + + <p>A short time ago, one of those remarkable remains of a very remote + antiquity, and called by the country-people Picts' Houses, Yird, Eirde, + or Erde houses, was discovered by Mr. Douglass, farmer, Culsh, in the + parish of Tarland, Aberdeenshire, near his farm-steading, on the property + of our noble Premier. It is a subterranean vault, of a form approaching + the semicircular, but elongated at the farther end. Its extreme length is + thirty-eight feet; its breadth at the entrance a little more than two + feet, gradually widening towards the middle, where the width is about six + feet, and it continues at about that average. The height is from five and + a half to six feet. The sides are built with stones, some of them in the + bottom very large; the roof is formed of large stones, six or seven feet + long, and some of them weighing above a ton and a half. They must have + been brought from the neighbouring hill of Saddle-lick, about two miles + distant, being of a kind of granite not found nearer the spot. The floor + is formed of the native rock (hornblende), and is very uneven. When + discovered it was full of earth, and in the process of excavation there + was found some wood ashes, fragments of a glass bottle, and an + earthenware jar (modern), some small fragments of bones, and one or two + teeth of a ruminant animal, and the upper stone of a querne + (hand-corn-mill, mica schist), together with a small fragment, probably + of the lower stone. But, alas! there were no hieroglyphics or cuneiform + inscriptions to assist the antiquary in his researches. These underground + excavations have been found in various parishes in Aberdeenshire, as well + as in several of the neighbouring counties. In the parish of Old Deer, + about fifty years ago, a whole village of them was come upon; and about + the same time, in a den at the back of Stirlinghill, in the parish of + Peterhead, one was discovered which contained some fragments of bones and + several flint arrow-heads, and battle-axes in the various stages of + manufacture. In no case, however, have any of those previously discovered + been of the same magnitude as the one described above. They were + generally of from twelve to fifteen feet in length, and from three to + four feet in height, and some only six feet in length, so that this must + have been in its day (when?) a rather aristocratic affair. Have any + similar excavations been found in England? The earliest mention of the + parish of Tarland, of which there is any account, is in a charter granted + by Moregun, Earl of Mar, to the Canons of St. Andrews, of the Church of + S. Machulnoche (S. Mochtens, Bishop and Confessor) of Tharuclund, with + its tithes and oblations, its land and mill, and timber from the Earl's + woods for the buildings of the canons, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> + 1165-71; and a charter of King William the Lion, and one of Eadward, + Bishop of Aberdeen, both of same date, confirming the said grant.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abredonensis.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Legends of the County Clare.</i>—How Fuen-Vic-Couil (Fingall) + obtained the knowledge of future events.—Once upon a time, when + Fuen-Vic-Couil was young, he fell into the hands of a giant, and was + compelled to serve him for seven years, during which time the giant was + fishing for the salmon which had this property—that whoever ate the + first bit of it he would obtain the gift of prophecy; and during the + seven years the only nourishment which the giant could take was after + this manner: a sheaf of oats was placed to windward of him, and he held a + needle before his mouth, and lived on the nourishment that was blown from + the sheaf of corn through the eye of the needle. At length, when the + seven years were passed, the giant's perseverance was rewarded, and he + caught the famous salmon and gave it to Fuen-Vic-Couil to roast, with + threats of instant destruction if he allowed any accident to happen to + it. Fuen-Vic-Couil hung the fish before the fire by a string, but, like + Alfred in a similar situation, being too much occupied with his own + reflections, forgot to turn the fish, so that a blister rose on the side + of it. Terrified at the probable consequences of his carelessness, he + attempted to press down the blister with his thumb, and feeling the smart + caused by the burning fish, by a natural action put the injured member + into his mouth. A morsel of the fish adhered to his thumb, and + immediately he received the knowledge for which the giant had toiled so + long in vain. Knowing that his master would kill him if he remained, he + fled, and was soon pursued by the giant breathing vengeance: the chace + was long, but whenever he was in danger of being caught, his thumb used + to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he always obtained knowledge + how to escape, until at last he succeeded in putting out the giant's eyes + and killing him; and always afterwards, when in difficulty or danger, his + thumb used to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he obtained + knowledge how to escape.</p> + + <p>Compare this legend with the legend of Ceridwen, Hanes Taliessin, + <i>Mabinogion</i>, vol. iii. pp. 322, 323., the coincidence of which is + very curious. Where also did Shakspeare get the <!-- Page 265 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page265"></a>{265}</span>speech he makes one of + the witches utter in <i>Macbeth</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"By the <i>pricking of my thumbs</i>,</p> + <p>Something wicked this way comes."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis Robert Davies</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Devonshire Cures for the Thrush.</i>—"Take three rushes from + any running stream, and pass them separately through the mouth of the + infant: then plunge the rushes again into the stream, and as the current + bears them away, so will the thrush depart from the child."</p> + + <p>Should this, as is not unlikely, prove ineffectual, "Capture the + nearest duck that can be met with, and place its mouth, wide open, within + the mouth of the sufferer. The cold breath of the duck will be inhaled by + the child, and the disease will gradually, and as I have been informed, + not the less surely, take its departure."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Chester.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>HERALDIC NOTES.</h3> + + <p><i>Arms of Granville.</i>—The meaning of the peculiar bearing + which, since the thirteenth century, has appertained to this noble + family, has always been a matter of uncertainty to heraldic writers: it + has been variously blazoned as a clarion, clavicord, organ-rest, + lance-rest, and sufflue. The majority of heralds, ancient and modern, + term it a clarion without quite defining what a clarion is: that it is + meant for a musical instrument (probably a kind of hand-organ), I have + very little doubt; for, in the woodcut Mrs. Jameson gives in her + <i>Legends of the Madonna</i> (p. 19.) of Piero Laurati's painting of the + "Maria Coronata," the uppermost angel on the left is represented as + carrying an instrument exactly similar to this charge as it is usually + drawn. The date of this painting is 1340. This is probably about the date + of the painted glass window in the choir of Tewkesbury Abbey Church, + where Robert Earl of Gloucester bears three of these clarions on his + surcoat; and upon a careful examination of these, I was convinced that + they were intended to represent instruments similar to that carried by + the angel in Laurati's painting.</p> + + <p><i>Arms of Richard, King of the Romans.</i>—This celebrated man, + the second son of King John, Earl of Cornwall and Poictou, was elected + King of the Romans at Frankfort on St. Hilary's Day (Jan. 13th) 1256. His + earldom of Cornwall was represented by—Argent, a lion rampant gules + crowned or; his earldom of Poictou by a bordure sable, bezantée, or + rather of peas (<i>poix</i>) in reference to the name <i>Poictou</i>; and + as king of the Romans he is said to have borne these arms upon the breast + of the German double-headed eagle displayed sable, which represented that + dignity. I do not recollect having seen them under this last form, but I + have "made a Note of" several other variations I have met + with:—</p> + + <p>1. In Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire, in painted glass: Argent, a lion + rampant, gules crowned or, within a bordure sable bezantée.</p> + + <p>2. On the seal of a charter granted by the earl to the monks of + Okeburry: a lion rampant crowned. No bordure.</p> + + <p>3. On an encaustic tile in the old Singing-school at Worcester: A lion + rampant <i>not</i> crowned, with a bordure bezantée. Another tile has the + eagle, single-headed, displayed.</p> + + <p>4. Encaustic tiles at Woodperry, Oxfordshire: A row of tiles with the + lion rampant, apparently within a bordure, but without the bezants; + followed by another row which has the eagle displayed, but not + double-headed.</p> + + <p>5. On an encaustic tile at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, founded by + him: The double-headed eagle only, <i>countercharged</i>.</p> + + <p>6. On a tile in the Priory Church of Great Malvern: The double-headed + eagle displayed, within a circular bordure bezantée.</p> + + <p>7. On a tile which I have seen, but cannot just now recollect where: + The double-headed eagle, bezantée, without any bordure.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>A curious instance of ex-officio arms added to the paternal coat, + occurs on the monument of Dr. Samuel Blythe, at the east end of St. + Edward's Church, Cambridge. He was Master of Clare Hall, and in this + example his paternal arms—Argent, a chevron gules, between three + lions rampant sable—occupy the lower part of the shield, being + divided at the fess point by something like an inverted chevron, from the + arms of Clare Hall, which thus occupy the upper half of the shield. The + date is 1713. Is this way of dividing the arms a blunder of the + painter's, or can any of your readers point out a similar instance?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Difficulty of avoiding Coincident Suggestions on the Text of + Shakspeare.</i>—A correspondent in Vol. viii., p. 193., is somewhat + unnecessarily severe on <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> and <span + class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, for having overlooked some suggestions in + Jackson's work: the enormous number of useless conjectures in that + publication rendering it so tedious and unprofitable to consider them + attentively, the student is apt to think his time better engaged in + investigating other sources of information. I think, therefore, little of + <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> overlooking the few coincident + suggestions in Jackson, which are smaller in number than I had + anticipated; the real cause for wonder consisting in the ignoring so many + conjectures that have been treated of years ago, often at great length, + by some of the <!-- Page 266 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page266"></a>{266}</span>most distinguished critics this country + has produced. Generally speaking, however, there is in these matters such + a tendency for reproduction, I should for one hesitate to accuse any + critic of intentional unfairness, merely because he puts forth + conjectures as new, when they have been previously published; and I have + found so many of my own attempts at emendation, thought to be original, + in other sources, that I now hesitate at introducing any as novel. These + attempts, like most others, have only resulted occasionally in one that + will bear the test of examination after it has been placed aside, and + carefully considered when the impression of novelty has worn off. I think + we may safely appeal to all critics who occupy themselves much with + conjectural criticism, and ask them if <span class="sc">Time</span> does + not frequently impair the complacency with which they regard their + efforts on their first production.</p> + + <p>Vol. viii., p. 216., contains more instances of coincident + suggestions, R. H. C. indulging in two conjectures, both supported very + ably, but in the perfect unconsciousness that the first, <i>rude + day's</i>, was long since mentioned by Mr. Dyce, in his <i>Remarks</i>, + 1844, p. 172., and that the second, the change of punctuation in <i>All's + Well that Ends Well</i>, is the reading adopted by Theobald, and it is + also introduced by Mr. Knight in the text of his "National Edition," p + 262., and has, I believe, been mentioned elsewhere. It may be said that + this kind of repetition might be obviated by the publication of the + various readings that have been suggested in the text of Shakspeare, but + who is there to be found Quixotic enough to undertake so large and + thankless a task, one which at best can only be most imperfectly + executed: the materials being so scattered, and often so worthless, the + compiler would, I imagine, abandon the design before he had made great + progress in it. No fair comparison can be entertained in this respect + between the text of Shakspeare and the texts of the classic authors. What + has happened to R. H. C., happens, as I am about to show, to all who + indulge in conjectural criticism.</p> + + <p>Any reader who will take a quantity of disputed passages in + Shakspeare, and happens to be ignorant of what has been suggested by + others, will discover that, in most of the cases, if he merely tries his + skill on a few simple permutations of the letters, he will in one way or + another stumble on the suggested words. Let us take, for example, what + may be considered in its way as one of the most incomprehensible lines in + Shakspeare—"Will you go, <i>An-heires</i>?" the last word being + printed with a capital. Running down with the vowels from <i>a</i>, we + get at once an apparently plausible suggestion, "Will you go <i>on + here</i>?" but a little consideration will show how extremely unlikely + this is to be the genuine reading, and that Mr. Dyce is correct in + preferring <i>Mynheers</i>—a suggestion which belongs to Theobald, + and not, as he mentions, to Hanmer. But what I maintain is, that <i>on + here</i> would be the correction that would occur to most readers, in all + probability to be at once dismissed. <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>, + however, says "it is singular that nobody seems ever to have conjectured + that <i>on here</i> might be concealed under <i>An-heires</i>;" and it + would have been singular had this been the case, but the suggestion of + <i>on here</i> is to be found in Theobald's common edition. Oddly enough, + about a year before <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> volume + appeared, it was again suggested as if it were new.</p> + + <p>Let us select a still more palpable instance (<i>Measure for + Measure</i>, Act II. Sc. 1.): "If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll + rent the fairest house in it after threepence a <i>bay</i>." If this + reading be wrong, which I do not admit, the second change in the first + letter creates an obvious alteration, <i>day</i>, making at least some + sort of sense, if not the correct one. Some years ago, I was rash enough + to suggest <i>day</i>, not then observing the alteration was to be found + in Pope's edition, and <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> has fallen + into the same oversight, when he gives it as one of the corrector's new + emendations. I regard these oversights as very pardonable, and + inseparable from any extensive attempt to correct the state of the text. + All Shakspearian conjectures either anticipate or are anticipated.</p> + + <p>Mr. Dyce being <i>par excellence</i> the most judicious verbal critic + of the day, it will scarcely be thought egotistical to claim for myself + the priority for one of his emendations—"<i>Avoid thee</i>, + friend," in the <i>Few Notes</i>, p. 31., a reading I had mentioned in + print before the appearance of that work. This is merely one of the many + evidences that all verbal conjecturers must often stumble on the same + suggestions. Even the MS. corrector's alteration of the passage is not + new, it being found in Pope's and in several other editions of the last + century; another circumstance that exhibits the great difficulty and + danger of asserting a conjecture to be absolutely unknown.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. O. Halliwell</span></p> + + <p>P.S. The subject is, of course, capable of almost indefinite + extension, but the above hasty notes will probably occupy as much space + as you would be willing to spare for its consideration.</p> + + <p><i>Alcides' Shoes.</i>—There is merit, in my opinion, in + elucidating, if it were only a single word in our great dramatist. Even + the attempt, though mayhap a failure, is laudable. I therefore have made, + and shall make, hit or miss, some efforts that way. For example, I now + grapple with that very odd line—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"As great Alcides' shoes upon an ass."—<i>King John</i>, Act II. Sc. 1.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>out of which no one has as yet extracted, or I think ever will + extract, any good meaning: <i>Argal</i>, <!-- Page 267 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page267"></a>{267}</span>it is corrupt. Now it + appears to me that the critic who proposed to read <i>shows</i>, came + very near the truth, and would have hit it completely if he had retained + <i>Alcides'</i>, for it is the genitive with <i>robe</i> understood. To + explain:</p> + + <p>Austria has on him the "skin-coat" of Cœur-de-Lion, and Blanch + cries,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O! well did he become that lion's robe,</p> + <p>That did disrobe the lion of that robe."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"It lies," observes the Bastard,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It lies as sightly on the back of him (<i>Austria</i>)</p> + <p>As great Alcides' (<i>robe</i>) shows upon an ass:—</p> + <p>But, ass, I'll take that burden from your back," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Were it not that <i>doth</i> is the usual word in this play, I might + be tempted to read <i>does</i>. In reading or acting, then, the + <i>cćsura</i> should be made at <i>Alcides'</i>, with a slight pause to + give the hearer time to supply <i>robe</i>. I need not say that the robe + is the lion's skin, and that there is an allusion to the fable of the + ass.</p> + + <p>Now to justify this reading. Our ancestors knew nothing of our mode of + making genitives by turned commas. They formed the gen. sing., and nom. + and gen. pl., by simply adding <i>s</i> to the nom. sing.; thus king made + <i>kings</i>, <i>kings</i>, <i>kings</i> (not <i>king's</i>, + <i>kings</i>, <i>kings'</i>), and the context gave the case. If the noun + ended in <i>se</i>, <i>ce</i>, <i>she</i>, or <i>che</i>, the addition of + <i>s</i> added a syllable, as <i>horses</i>, <i>princes</i>, &c., but + it was not always added. Shakspeare, for example, uses <i>Lucrece</i> and + <i>cockatrice</i> as genitives. I find the first instances of such words + as <i>James's</i>, &c., about the middle of the seventeenth century, + but I am not deeply read in old books, so it may have been used + earlier.</p> + + <p>In foreign words like <i>Alcides</i>, no change ever took place; it + was the same for all numbers and cases, and the explanation was left to + the context. Here are a couple of examples from Shakspeare himself:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"My fortunes every way as fairly ranked—</p> + <p>If not with vantage—as Demetrius."—<i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, Act I. Sc. 1.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To Brutus, to Cassius. Burn all. Some to Decius house, and some to + Cascas; some to Ligarius. Away! go!"—<i>Julius Cćsar</i>, Act III. + Sc. 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>All here are genitives, as well as <i>Cascas</i>. If any doubt, Brutus + and Cassius, we have just been told, "Are rid like madmen through the + gates of Rome," so <i>they</i> could not be burned. I say now, <i>judicet + lector</i>!</p> + + <p>I must not neglect to add that there was another mode of forming the + genitive, namely, by the possessive pronoun, as <i>the king his + palace</i>. "A fly that flew into my <i>mistress</i> her eye," is the + title of one of Carew's poems.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Longfellow's Poetical Works.</i>—One of the best printed + editions of Longfellow's <i>Poetical Works</i> which has appeared in + England is ushered in by "An Introductory Essay" by the Rev. G. + Gilfillan, A.M. I had lived in hopes, through each successive edition, + that either the good taste of the publishers would strike out the preface + entirely, or the amended taste of its author curtail some of its + redundancies. As neither has been the case, but the 4th edition of the + book now lies before me, I beg to offer the following examples:</p> + + <p>1. Of Ancient History:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"His [Longfellow's] ornaments, unlike those of the <i>Sabine</i> maid, + have not crushed him."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>2. Of Modern History—<i>Dickens a Poet</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A prophet may wrap himself up in austere and mysterious solitude: a + poet must come 'eating and drinking.' Thus came Shakspeare, Dryden, + Burns, Scott, Göthe; and thus have come in our day, <i>Dickens</i>, Hood, + and Longfellow."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is the song of "The Ivy Green" in <i>Pickwick</i> sufficient to + justify this appellation? I do not remember any other "Poem" by Charles + Dickens.</p> + + <p>3. Of Metaphors. Out of sixteen pages it is difficult to make a + selection, but the following are striking:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"If not a prophet, <i>torn by a secret burden, and uttering it</i> in + wild tumultuous strains,... he has found inspiration ... in the legends + of other lands, whose <i>native vein</i>, in itself exquisite, has been + <i>highly cultivated</i> and <i>delicately cherished</i>."</p> + + <p>"Excelsion," we are told, "is one of those happy thoughts which seem + to drop down, like fine days, from some serener region, or <i>like + moultings of the celestial dove</i>, which <i>meet instantly the + ideal</i> of all minds, <i>and run on afterwards</i>, and for ever, <i>in + the current of the human heart</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Does not this almost come up to Lord Castlereagh's famous metaphor? It + certainly goes beyond Mr. Gilfillan's own praise of Longfellow, whose + sentiment is described as "never false, nor strained, nor mawkish. It is + <i>always mild</i>,... and <i>sometimes</i> it <i>approaches the + sublime</i>." Mr. G. goes one step farther.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Northamptonshire.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Walter Raleigh.</i>—I find the following remonstrance in + defence of this distinguished man, against the imputation of Hume, in a + letter addressed by Dr. Parr to Charles Butler:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Why do you follow Hume in representing Raleigh as an infidel? For + Heaven's sake, dear Sir, look to his preface to his <i>History of the + World</i>; look at his <i>Letters</i>, in a little 18mo., and here, but + here only, you will find a tract [entitled The Sceptic], which led Hume + to talk of Raleigh as an unbeliever. It is an epitome of the principles + of the old sceptics; and to me, who, like Dr. Clarke and Mr. Hume, am a + reader <!-- Page 268 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page268"></a>{268}</span>of Sextus Empiricus, it is very + intelligible. Indeed, Mr. Butler, it is a most ingenious performance. But + mark me well: it is a mere <i>lusus ingenii</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Butler appends this note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr. Fox assured the Reminiscent, that either he, or Mrs. Fox to him, + had read aloud the whole, with a small exception, of Sir Walter Raleigh's + History."—Butler's <i>Reminiscences</i>, vol. ii. p. 232.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Curious Advertisement.</i>—The following genuine + advertisement is copied from a recent number of the <i>Connecticut + Courant</i>, published at Hartford in America:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,</p> + <p>She has left me in a lonesome mood;</p> + <p>She has left my board,</p> + <p>She has took my bed,</p> + <p>She has gave away my meat and bread,</p> + <p>She has left me in spite of friends and church,</p> + <p>She has carried with her all my shirts.</p> + <p>Now ye who read this paper,</p> + <p>Since she cut this reckless caper,</p> + <p>I will not pay one single fraction</p> + <p>For any debts of her contraction.</p> + <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Levi Rockwell</span>.</p> + <p>East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">G. M. B.</p> + + <p><i>Gravestone Inscription.</i>—I send an inscription on a + gravestone in Northill churchyard, Bedfordshire, which is now nearly + obliterated, given me by the Rev. John Taddy:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Life is a city full of crooked streets,</p> + <p>Death is the market-place where all men meets.</p> + <p>If life were merchandise which men could buy,</p> + <p>The rich would only live, the poor would die."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Julia R. Bockett</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Southcote Lodge.</p> + + <p><i>Monumental Inscription.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Here lyeth the body of the most noble Elizabeth, daughter of John of + Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, own sister to King Henry the Fourth, wife of + John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after married to Sir + John Cornwall, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Fanhope. She died the 4th + year of Henry the Sixth, Anno Domini 1426."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above is on a monument in Burford Church, in the county of Salop, + and will perhaps be interesting to your correspondent <span + class="sc">Mr. Hardy</span>.</p> + + <p>Burford Church, in which there are several other interesting + monuments, is situated in the luxuriant valley of the Teme, about eight + miles south-east of Ludlow.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Salopian</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>SIR PHILIP WARWICK.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and the + Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694."</p> + + <p>"Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &c., 8vo.: London, + 1702."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To one or the other of these publications there was prefixed a preface + which, as giving offence to the government, was suppressed. I agree with + Mr. Bindley, who says (writing to Mr. Granger),</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The account you have given in your books of the <i>suppressed + preface</i> to Sir Philip Warwick's <i>Memoirs</i>, is an anecdote too + curious not to make one wish it <i>authenticated</i>."—<i>Letters + to Mr. Granger</i>, p. 389.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The statement of Granger is adopted also by the Edinburgh editor of + the <i>Memoirs</i> in 1813 (query, Sir W. Scott?), who says in his + preface,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"These Memoirs were first published by the learned Dr. Thomas Smith, a + nonjuring divine, distinguished by oriental learning, and his writings + concerning the Greek Church. The learned editor added a preface so much + marked by his political principles, that he was compelled to <i>alter and + retrench it</i>, for fear of a prosecution at the instance of the + crown."—<i>Preface</i>, p. ix.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>So far as concerns the <i>Memoirs</i>. But in a note prefixed to a + copy of the <i>Discourse of Government</i>, now in the Bodleian among + Malone's books, and in his handwriting, it is stated,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This book was published by Dr. Thomas Smith, the learned writer + concerning the Greek Church. The preface, not being agreeable to the + Court at the time it was published (the 5th year of William III.), was + suppressed by authority, but is found in this and a few other copies. + Granger says (vol. iv. p. 60., vol. v. p. 267., new edit.) that this + preface by Dr. Smith was prefixed to Sir P. W.'s <i>Memoirs of Charles + I.</i>; but this is a mistake. Whether Smith was the editor of the + <i>Memoirs</i> I know not.—<span class="sc">Edmond + Malone</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The obnoxious preface is assigned to the <i>Discourse of + Government</i> also, by a writer in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for + 1790, p. 509., where is a portrait of Warwick, and a notice of his + life.</p> + + <p>The Edinburgh editor of the <i>Memoirs</i> gives the <i>original + preface</i> of that work, which presents nothing at which exception could + be taken. But as my copy of the <i>Discourse</i> is one of the few which + (according to Malone) retains the address of "the publisher to the + reader," I transcribe the following passages, which perhaps will + sufficiently explain the suppression in 1694:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"As to the disciples and followers of Buchanan, Hobbs and Milton, who + have exceeded their masters in downright impudence, scurrility, and + lying, and the new modellers of commonwealths, who, under a zealous + pretence of securing the rights of a <i>fancied original contract</i> + against the encroachments of monarchs, are sowing the seeds of eternal + disagreements, confusions, <!-- Page 269 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page269"></a>{269}</span>and bloody wars throughout the world (for + the influence of evil principles hath no bounds, but, like infectious + air, spreads everywhere), the peaceable, sober, truly Christian, and + Church-of-England doctrine contained in this book, so directly contrary + to their furious, mad, unchristian, and fanatical maxims, it cannot + otherwise be expected but that they will soon be alarmed, and betake + themselves to their usual arts of slander and reviling, and grow very + fierce and clamorous upon it. Whatever shall happen," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Subsequently the author is spoken of as</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A gentlemen of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great and vast + understanding, and of a very solid judgement; a true son of the Church of + England, and <i>consequently a zealous asserter and defender of the truly + Christian and apostolical doctrine of non-resistance</i>; always loyal + and faithful to the king his master in the worst of times," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>After these specimens, there will be little difficulty, I think, in + determining that Granger was mistaken in describing the preface to the + <i>Memoirs</i> as that which was suppressed, and that it was the + publisher's "address to the reader" of the <i>Discourse</i> which + incurred that sentence. Dr. Thomas Smith appears to have edited both + works; and in the same address informs us of other works of Warwick + in</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Divinity, philosophy, history, especially that of England, practical + devotion, and the like. This I now publish [the <i>Discourse</i>] was + written in the year 1678 (and designed as an appendix to his <i>Memoirs + of the Reign of King Charles the First</i>, of most blessed memory, which + hereafter may see the light, when more auspicious times shall encourage + and favour the publication), which he, being very exact and curious in + his compositions, did often refine upon," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It may be well to inquire whether any of these theological or + philosophical lucubrations are yet extant. Was Sir Philip connected at + all with Dr. Smith, or was he descended from Arthur Warwick, author of + <i>Spare Minutes</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH.</h3> + + <p>I shall be exceedingly obliged by any explanatory remarks on the + following list of seals:—</p> + + <p>1. Oval (size 2.1 in. by 1.3). The angel Gabriel kneeling before a + standing figure of the Virgin, and holding a scroll, on which is + inscribed <span class="scac">AVE MARIA</span>. Legend:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>* <a href="images/maltesex.png"><img src="images/maltesex.png" + class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="cross" /></a> S. HOS * PITALIS * + IER * NE * NACH.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Yarmouth was anciently called Gernemutha, or Iernemutha; and Ives + attributes this seal to Yarmouth, though both the legend and the + workmanship have a decidedly foreign appearance.</p> + + <p>Can any more satisfactory locality be assigned it?</p> + + <p>2. Circular (1 in. in diameter). Three fishes naiant (the arms of + Yarmouth), within a bordure of six cusps. Legend:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>SAAL D' ASAI D' GRANT GARNAMVT.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has + been employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until + 1847.</p> + + <p>Can it have reference to the staple? (Vid. Statutes at Large, Anne; 27 + Ed. III. stat. 2.; 43 Ed. III. cap. 1.; 14 Ric. II. cap. 1.)</p> + + <p>3. Circular (size 1.1 in. diameter). On an escutcheon a herring + hauriant; the only instance of this bearing in connection with Yarmouth. + Legend:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p><b>S. offic : corrotulat : í : nove : Iernmuth.</b></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Of this seal nothing whatever is known. Its workmanship is of the + fifteenth century. The suggested extension of the legend is "Sigillum + officii contrarotulatoris"—in nova Jernemutha, or in <i>nave</i> + Jernemuthe. But was Yarmouth ever called <i>nova Gernemutha</i>? or what + was the office alluded to?</p> + + <p>The above are required for a literary purpose; and as speedy an answer + as possible would much oblige me.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Hand in Bishop Canning's Church.</i>—In Bishop Canning's + Church, Wilts, is a curious painting of a hand outstretched, and having + on the fingers and thumb several inscriptions in abbreviated Latin. Can + any correspondent tell me when and why this was placed in the church; and + also the inscriptions which appear thereon?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Russell Gole</span>.</p> + + <p><i>"I put a spoke in his wheel."</i>—What is the meaning of the + phrase, "I put a spoke in his wheel?"</p> + + <p>In April last, a petition was heard in the Rolls Court on the part of + the trustees of Manchester New College, praying that they might be + allowed to remove that institution to London; and a single trustee was + heard against such removal. One of the friends of the college was on this + occasion heard to remark, "the removal to London was going on very + smoothly, and it would have been done by this time, if this one trustee + had not <i>put his spoke in the wheel</i>:" meaning, that the + conscientious scruple of this trustee was the sole <i>impediment to the + movement</i>. Is this the <i>customary</i> and proper mode of using the + phrase; and, if so, how can putting a spoke to a wheel impede its + motion?</p> + + <p>On the other hand, having heard some persons say that they had always + understood the phrase to denote affording <i>help</i> to an undertaking, + and confidently allege that this must be the <i>older</i> and <!-- Page + 270 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page270"></a>{270}</span>more + correct usage, for "what," say they, "is a wheel without spokes?" I + inquired of an intelligent lady, of long American descent, in what way + she had been accustomed to hear the phrase employed, and the answer was + "Certainly as a help: we used to say to one who had anything in hand of + difficult accomplishment, 'Do not be faint-hearted, I'll give you a + spoke.'"</p> + + <p>Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of his <i>Dictionary</i>, 1755, + after defining a spoke to be the "bar of a wheel that passes from the + nave to the felly," cites:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . . All you gods,</p> + <p>In general synod, take away her power,</p> + <p>Break all the <i>spokes</i> and fellies to her wheel,</p> + <p>And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."—<i>Shakspeare</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">G. K.</p> + + <p><i>Sir W. Hewit.</i>—At p. 159. of Mr. Thoms's recent edition of + Pulleyn's <i>Etymological Compendium</i>, Sir W. Hewit, the father-in-law + of Edward Osborne, who was destined to found the ducal family of Leeds, + is said to have been "a pin-maker." Some other accounts state that he was + a clothworker; others again, that he was a goldsmith. Which is correct; + and what is the authority? And where may any pedigree of the Osborne + family, <i>previous to Edward</i>, be seen?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Griffith.</span></p> + + <p><i>Passage in Virgil.</i>—Dr. Johnson, in his celebrated Letter + to Lord Chesterfield, says, in reference to the hollowness of patronage: + "The shepherd, in Virgil, grew at last acquainted with Love; and found + him a native of the rocks." To what passage in Virgil does Johnson here + refer, and what is the point intended to be conveyed?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Fitzsimons</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + + <p><i>Fauntleroy.</i>—In Binns' <i>Anatomy of Sleep</i> it is + stated that a few years ago an affidavit was taken in an English court of + justice, to the effect that Fauntleroy was still living in a town of the + United States.</p> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents refer me to the circumstance in + question?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Animal Prefixes, descriptive of Size and Quality.</i>—Will + somebody oblige me by pointing out in the modern languages any analogous + instances to the Greek <span title="bon" class="grk" + >βον</span>, English <i>horse</i>-radish, + <i>dog</i>-rose, <i>bull</i>-finch, &c.?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Punning Devices.</i>—Sir John Cullum, in his <i>Hist. of + Hawsted</i>, 1st edit. p. 114., says that the seal of Sir William + Clopton, knight, t. Hen. VII., was "a ton, out of which issues some + plant, perhaps a <i>caltrop</i>, which might be contracted to the first + syllable of his name." This appears to be too violent a contraction. Can + any of your readers suggest any other or closer analogy between the name + and device?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Buriensis</span>.</p> + + <p>"<i>Pinece with a stink.</i>"—In Archbishop Bramhall's <i>Schism + Guarded</i> (written against Serjeant) there is a passage in which the + above curious expression occurs, and of which I can find no satisfactory, + nor indeed any explanation whatever. The passage is this (<i>Works</i>, + vol. ii. p. 545., edit. Ox.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"But when he is baffled in the cause, he hath a reserve,—that + Venerable Bede, and Gildas, and Foxe in his Acts and Monuments, do brand + the Britons for wicked men, making them 'as good as Atheists; of which + gang if this Dinoth were one,' he 'will neither wish the Pope such + friends, nor envy them to the Protestants.'</p> + + <p>"What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend + himself like a <i>pinece with a stink</i>? We read no other character of + Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers furnish an explanation?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Blakiston</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Soiled Parchment Deeds.</i>—Having in my possession some old + and very dirty parchment deeds, and other records, now almost illegible + from the accumulation of grease, &c., on the surface of the skins, I + am desirous to know if there be any "royal road" to the cleansing and + restoration of these otherwise enduring MSS.?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Chester.</p> + + <p><i>Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s Cheshire Collection.</i>—Can any of + your correspondents say where the original collection made by the + above-named gentleman, or a copy of them, referred to in Dr. Foote + Gower's <i>Sketch of the Materials for a Cheshire History</i>, may now be + met with?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cestriensis</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Cambridge and Ireland.</i>—In the first volume of the + <i>Pictorial History of England</i>, p. 270., it is stated + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Martin skins are mentioned in <i>Domesday Book</i> among the + commodities brought by sea to Chester; and this appears from other + authorities to have been one of the exports in ancient times from + Ireland. Notices are also found of merchants from Ireland <i>landing at + Cambridge</i> with cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The authority quoted for this statement is Turner, vol. iii. p. + 113.</p> + + <p>On referring to Turner's <i>Anglo-Saxons</i>, I find it stated:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We read of merchants from Ireland <i>landing at Cambridge</i> with + cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Turner refers to Gale, vol. ii. p. 482.</p> + + <p>I do not know to what work Mr. Turner refers, unless to Gale's + <i>Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores <!-- Page 271 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page271"></a>{271}</span>Veteres</i>; on examining this I can find + no passage at the page and volume indicated, on the subject.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers state where it is to be found? It appears + remarkable that the merchants from Ireland should land at the inland town + of Cambridge, and it seems a probable conjecture that Cambridge is a + mistake for Cambria.</p> + + <p>William of Malmesbury speaks of a commerce between Ireland and the + neighbourhood of Chester, and it seems much more probable that the + merchants of Ireland landed in Wales than in Cambridge.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Thrupp</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Derivation of Celt.</i>—What is the proper derivation of the + word <i>celt</i>, as applied to certain weapons of antiquity? A good + authority, in Dr. Smith's <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman + Antiquities</i>, p. 351., obtains the term from—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Celtes, an old Latin word for a chisel, probably derived from cćlo, + to engrave."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mr. Wright (<i>The Celt, Roman, and Saxon</i>, p. 73.) says that + Hearne first applied the word to such implements in <i>bronze</i>, + believing them to be "Roman <i>celtes</i> or chisels;" and + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Subsequent writers, ascribing these instruments to the Britons, have + retained the name, forgetting its origin, and have applied it + indiscriminately, not only to other implements of bronze, but even to the + analogous instruments of <i>stone</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And he objects to the term "as too generally implying that things to + which it is applied are Celtic." On the other hand, Dr. Wilson + (<i>Prehistoric Annals</i>, p. 129.) prefers to retain the word, inasmuch + as the Welsh etymologists, Owen and Spurrell, furnish an ancient + Cambro-British word <i>celt</i>, a flint stone. M. Worsaae (<i>Primeval + Antiq.</i>, p. 26.) confines the term to those instruments of bronze + which have a hollow socket to receive a wooden handle; the other forms + being called paalstabs on the Continent. It seems clear that there is no + connexion between this word and the name of the nation (<i>Celtć</i>); + but its true origin may perhaps be elicited by a little discussion in the + pages of "N. & Q."</p> + + <p class="author">C. R. M.</p> + + <p><i>Ancient Superstition against the King of England entering or even + beholding the Town of Leicester.</i>—The existence of a + superstition to this effect is recorded in Rishanger's <i>Chronicle</i>, + and also, as I am informed, in that of Thomas Wikes; but this I have not + at present an opportunity of consulting.</p> + + <p>Rishanger's words are:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Rex [Henricus III.] autem, capta Norhamptun., Leycestr. tendens, in + ea hospitatus est, quam nullus regni prćter eum etiam videre, + prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiose, prćsumpsit."—P. 26.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is also mentioned by Matthew of Westminster. (Vide Bohn's edition, + vol. ii. p. 412.) The statement, that no king before Henry III. had + entered the town, is however incorrect, as William the Conqueror and King + John are instances to the contrary.</p> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of this + superstition, or favour me with any farther notices respecting it?</p> + + <p>It is not unworthy of observation that very many of the royal + personages who have visited Leicester, have been either unfortunate in + their lives, or have met with tragical deaths.</p> + + <p>We may, however, hope, for the credit of the town, that their + misfortunes may be attributed to other causes, rather than to their + presence within its time-hallowed walls.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Kelly.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Leicester.</p> + + <p><i>Burton.</i>—Is there any family of this name who can make out + a descent from, or connexion with, a Mr. John Burton, alderman of + Doncaster, who died 1718?</p> + + <p class="author">C. J.</p> + + <p><i>The Camera Lucida.</i>—I should feel much obliged to any + reader of "N. & Q." who would be kind enough to answer the following + questions, and refer me to any work treating of the handling and + management of the Camera Lucida. I have one made by King of Bristol, and + purchased about thirty years ago: it draws out, like a telescope, in + three pieces, each six inches long; and at full length will give a + picture of the dimensions of twenty inches by twelve. The upper piece is + marked from above downwards, thus: at two inches below the lens, "2;" at + an inch below that point, "3;" at half an inch lower, "4;" at half an + inch lower still, "5;" half an inch below the point "5," a "7" is marked; + and half an inch below the "7," there is a "10;" at seven-eighths below + this last, "D" is marked. What reference have these nicely graduated + points to the distance of an object from the instrument? Do the figures + merely determine the size of the picture to be taken? How is one to be + guided in their use and application to practice?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Caret</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Francis Moore.</i>—Francis Moore was born at Bakewell about + the year 1592, and was Proctor of Lichfield Cathedral at the time of the + Great Rebellion. I am anxious to know who were his parents, and what + their place of abode.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.</p> + + <p><i>Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle.</i>—What were the family arms of + Dr. John Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, who died October 29, 1734? Was he of + a Scotch family, and are any of his descendants now living?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rufus</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Palace at Enfield.</i>—We read that there was formerly a + royal palace at Enfield in Middlesex, ten miles north from London; and + one room still <!-- Page 272 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page272"></a>{272}</span>remains in its original state. Can you, or + any of your subscribers, inform me whereabouts in the town it is + situated? Also, the date of erection of the church?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hazelwood</span>.</p> + + <p><i>"Solamen miseris," &c.</i>—Please to state in what author + is the following line? No one knows.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Constant Reader</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Soke Mills.</i>—Correspondents are requested to communicate + the names of "Soke" or Manorial Mills, to which the suit is still + enforced.</p> + + <p class="author">S. M.</p> + + <p><i>Second Wife of Mallet.</i>—The second wife of Mallet was Lucy + Elstob, a Yorkshire lady, daughter of a steward of the Earl of Carlisle. + Can any of your readers inform me at what place in Yorkshire her father + resided, and where the marriage with Mallet in 1742 took place? She + survived her husband, and lived to the age of eighty years. Where did she + die, and what family did Mallet leave by his two wives?</p> + + <p class="author">F.</p> + + <p class="address">Leamington.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Books burned by the Common Hangman.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Historia Anglo-Scotica: or an Impartial History of all that happen'd + between the kings and kingdoms of England and Scotland from the beginning + of the Reign of <i>William the Conqueror</i> to the Reign of Queen + Elizabeth, &c., by James Drake, M.D., 8vo., London, 1703."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Of this work it is said, in a note in the <i>Catalogue</i> of Geo. + Chalmers' library (fourth day's sale, Sept. 30, 1841), that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"On June 30, 1703, the Scotch parliament ordered this book to be + burned by the hands of the common hangman, and that the magistrates of + Edinburgh should see it carried into effect at eleven o'clock on the + following day."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Will any correspondent of yours furnish me with some notice of Dr. + Drake, the author, and also explain the ground of offence upon which his + book was condemned? I confess to be unable to discover anything to + offend; neither, as it seems, could Mr. Surtees, for he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I quote Drake's <i>Historia Anglo-Scotica</i>, 1703, a book which, + for what reason I never could discover, was ordered to be burned by the + common hangman."—<i>History of Durham</i>, vol. iv. p. 55. note + <i>l</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Any notices of books which have been signalised by being subjected to + similar condemnation, would much interest me, and perhaps others of your + readers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The ground of offence for burning the <i>Historia Anglo-Scotica</i> + is stated in <i>The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland</i>, vol. xi. p. + 66., viz.: "Ordered, that a book published by the title of <i>Historia + Anglo-Scotica</i>, by James Drake, M.D., and dedicated to Sir Edward + Symour containing many false and injurious reflections upon the + sovereignty and independence of this crown and nation, be burnt by the + hand of the common hangman at the mercat Cross of Edinburgh, at eleven + o'clock to-morrow (July 1, 1703), and the magistrates of Edinburgh + appointed to see the order punctually executed." It would appear from the + dedication prefixed to this work, that Drake merely pretended to edit it, + for he says, that "upon a diligent revisal, in order, if possible, to + discover the name of the author, and the age of his writing, he found + that it was written in, or at least not finished till, the time of + Charles I." But he says nothing more of the MS., nor how it came into his + hands. A notice of Dr. Drake is given in Chalmers's <i>Biographical + Dictionary</i>, and in the preface to <i>The Memorial of the Church of + England</i>, edit. 1711, which was also burnt by the common hangman in + 1705. See "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 519.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Captain George Cusack.</i>—It appears by an affidavit made by + a Mr. Thomas Nugent in the year 1674, and now of record in the Exchequer + Record Office, Dublin, that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He, being on or about the 20th of September preceding in London, was + by one Mr. Patrick Dowdall desired to goe along with him to see one + George Cusack, then in prison there for severall hainous offences + alleadged to have beene by him committed, which he could not do by reason + of other occasions; but having within two or three days afterwards mett + with Mr. Dowdall, was told by him that he had since their last meeting + seene the said Cusack in prison (being the Marshalsea in Southwark) with + bolts on, and that none of Cusack's men who were alsoe in prison were + bolted:"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>that on the 11th of November Cusack was still in restraint, and not as + yet come to his trial:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"That there were <i>bookes written of the said Cusack's offences</i>, + which he heard cryed about in the streets of London to be sold, and that + y<sup>e</sup> generall opinion and talke was that the said Cusack should + suffer death for his crimes."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>By a fragment of an affidavit made by a Mr. Morgan O'Bryen, of the + Middle Temple, London, it appears that this man was a Captain George + Cusack, who, I presume, was a pirate. May I take leave to ask, are the + above-mentioned books in existence, and where are they to be found?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James F. Ferguson</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[In the British Museum is the following pamphlet:—"The Grand + Pyrate: or the Life and Death of Captain George Cusack, the Great + Sea-Robber, with an Accompt of all his notorious Robberies both at Sea + and Land; together with his Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution. Taken by + an Impartial Hand." London, 1676, pp. 24. 4to.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Sir Ralph Winwood.</i>—I am particularly desirous of + obtaining some information respecting <!-- Page 273 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page273"></a>{273}</span>Sir Ralph Winwood, + private secretary to James I., and should feel much obliged if any of + your numerous correspondents would favour me with anything they may know + concerning him, or with the titles of any works in which his name is + mentioned.</p> + + <p class="author">H. P. W. R.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Biographical notices of Sir Ralph Winwood will be found in + <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, Supplement; Lloyd's <i>State Worthies</i>; + Wood's <i>Athenć</i>; Granger and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionaries. + Sir F. Drake's Voyage, by T. Maynarde, is dedicated to him. Letters to + him from Sir Thomas Roe, in 1615, 1616, are in the British Museum, Add. + MS. 6115. fol. 71. 75. 146. And a letter to him from Sir Dudley Carlton + will be found in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lvii. p. 143. The + Diaries of the time of James I. may also be consulted; a list of them is + given in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 363.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 93.)</p> + + <p>The authority for this ancient custom appears to be derived from an + act of the Convocation which assembled in 1562. Strype informs us + (<i>Annals</i>, vol. i. c. 27.) that at this Convocation the following + injunctions were given:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"First, That a Catechism be set forth in Latin, which is already done + by Mr. Dean of Paul's [Dean Nowell], and wanteth only viewing. Secondly, + That certain Articles [the Thirty-nine Articles], containing the + principal grounds of Christian religion, be set forth much like to such + Articles as were set forth a little before the death of King Edward, of + which Articles the most part may be used with additions and corrections + as shall be thought convenient. Thirdly, That to these Articles also be + adjoined the <i>Apology</i>, writ by Bishop Jewell, lately set forth + after it, hath been once again revised and so augmented and corrected as + occasion serveth. That these be joined in <i>one</i> book; and by common + consent authorised as containing true doctrine, and be enjoined to be + taught the youth in the Universities and grammar schools throughout the + realm, and also in cathedral churches, and collegiate, and in private + houses: and that whosoever shall preach, declare, write, or speak + anything in derogation, depraving or despising of the said book, or any + doctrine therein contained, and be thereof lawfully convicted before any + ordinary, &c., he shall be ordered as in case of heresy, or else + shall be punished as is appointed for those that offend and speak against + the Book of Common Prayer, set forth in the first year of the Queen's + Majesty's reign that now is: that is to say, he shall for the first + offence forfeit 100 marks; for the second offence, 400 marks; and for the + third offence, all his goods and chattels, and shall suffer imprisonment + during life."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is probable that this book found a place in churches as affording a + standard of orthodoxy easy of reference to congregations in times not + sufficiently remote from the Reformation, to render the preaching of + Romish doctrines unlikely. This, if the surmise be correct, would be + emphatically to bring the officiating minister to book. In Prestwich + Church, the desk yet remains, together with the "Book of Articles," bound + up as prescribed with Jewel's <i>Apology</i> (black-letter, 1611), but + the chain has disappeared. The neighbouring church of Bingley has also + its desk, to which the chain is still attached; but the "Book of + Articles" has given place to some more modern volume.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Booker</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Prestwich.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Simpson</span> will find some account of the + <i>Paraphrase of Erasmus</i> so chained (of which he says he cannot recal + an instance) at Vol i., p. 172., and Vol. v., p. 332.</p> + + <p>The following list (remains of which more or less perfect, with chains + appended, are still extant) will probably be interesting to many of your + readers:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.</p> + <p>Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.</p> + <p>Origen against Celsus.</p> + <p>Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.</p> + <p>Lira vpon the Kings, &c.</p> + <p>Theophilact vpon the New Testam<sup>t</sup>.</p> + <p>Beda vpon Luke and other P<sup>ts</sup> of the Testam<sup>t</sup>.</p> + <p>Opuscula Augustini, thome x.</p> + <p>Augustini Questiones in Nouū Testamentū.</p> + <p>The Paraphrase of Erasmus.</p> + <p>The Defence of the Apologye.</p> + <p>Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."</p> + <p class="i4">From Ecclesfield Church accounts.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Eastwood</span>.</p> + + <p>In Malvern Abbey Church is a copy of Dean Comber's <i>Companion to the + Temple</i>, chained to a desk, and bearing a written inscription to the + effect that it should never be removed out of the church; but should + remain chained to its desk for ever, for the use of any parishioner who + might choose to come in and read it there.</p> + + <p>N. B. I have mislaid my copy of this inscription: and should feel + greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who may be residing in or + near Great Malvern, for a transcript of it. As it may be thought somewhat + long for your pages, perhaps some correspondent would kindly copy it out + for me, and inclose it to Rev. <span class="sc">H. T. Griffith</span>, + Hull.</p> + + <p>University Club.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>EPITAPHS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii. <i>passim.</i>)</p> + + <p>A goodly collection of singular epitaphs has appeared in "N. & + Q."; but I believe it yet lacks <!-- Page 274 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page274"></a>{274}</span>a specimen of the following + tomfoolery—an initial epitaph. Green, in his <i>History of + Worcester</i>, gives the following inscription from a monument under the + north-west window of St. Andrew's Church in that city:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Short of Weight.</p> + <p class="i2">H L T B O</p> + <p class="i3">R W</p> + <p class="i1">I H O A J R</p> + <p>A D 1780 A 63."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Green adds the following explanation of this riddle:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In <i>full measure</i> it would have stood thus: 'Here Lieth The Body + Of Richard Weston, In Hopes Of A Joyful Resurrection. Anno Domini 1780. + Aged 63.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Richard Weston was a baker, and the "Short of weight" gives the clue + to the nature of his dealings, and also to the right reading of the + epitaph.</p> + + <p>The following is from Ombersley Churchyard, Worcestershire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Sharp was her wit,</p> + <p class="i1">Mild was her nature;</p> + <p>A tender wife,</p> + <p class="i1">A good humoured creature."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>From the churchyard of St. John, Worcester:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Honest John's</p> + <p>Dead and gone."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>From the churchyard of Cofton Hackett, Worcestershire, are the two + following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Here lieth the body of John Galey, sen., in expectation of the Last + Day. What sort of man he was that day will discover. He was clerk of this + parish fifty-five years. He died in 1756, aged 75."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The next is also to a Galey. Your correspondent <span + class="sc">Pictor</span> (Vol. viii., p. 98.) gives the same epitaph, + slightly altered, as being at Wingfield, Suffolk:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),</p> + <p>An honest man's the noblest work of <span class="sc">God</span>.</p> + <p>If this assertion is from error clear,</p> + <p>One of the noblest works of <span class="sc">God</span> lies here."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>From Alvechurch, Worcestershire; to a man and wife:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He, an honest, good-natured, worthy man; she, as eminent for conjugal + and maternal virtues during her marriage and widowhood, as she had been + before for amiable delicacy of person and manners."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following, which is probably not to be surpassed, appeared in one + of the earliest numbers of <i>Household Words</i>. It is from the + churchyard of Pewsey, Wiltshire:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Here lies the body of Lady O'Looney, great-niece of Burke, commonly + called the Sublime. She was bland, passionate, and deeply religious: + also, she painted in water-colours, and sent several pictures to the + Exhibition. She was first cousin to Lady Jones: and of such is the + kingdom of heaven."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> + + <p>If epitaphs of recent date are admitted in "N. & Q.," perhaps the + following, upon an editor, which lately appeared in the <i>Halifax + Colonist</i>, may not be out of place in your publication:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Here <i>lies</i> an editor!</p> + <p class="i1"><i>Snooks</i> if you will;</p> + <p>In mercy, kind Providence,</p> + <p class="i1">Let him <i>lie still</i>.</p> + <p>He <i>lied</i> for his living: so</p> + <p class="i1">He lived, while he <i>lied</i>,</p> + <p>When he could not <i>lie longer</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">He <i>lied</i> down, and died."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,</p> + <p>I believe there never was such another;</p> + <p>She had a head to earn and a heart to give,</p> + <p>And many poor she did relieve.</p> + <p>She lived in virtue and in virtue died,</p> + <p>And now in Heaven she doth reside.</p> + <p>Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,</p> + <p>If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.</p> + <p>And when I am lying by her side,</p> + <p>Who was in life her daily pride,</p> + <p>Tho' she's confined in coffins three,</p> + <p>She'd leave them all and come to me!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The above lines, written on a tablet in a church at Exeter, were + composed by Mr. Tuckett, tallow-chandler, to the memory of his wife. An + old subscriber of "N. & Q." thinks this epitaph more strange and + curious than any which has yet appeared in the columns of that valuable + publication.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 507.)</p> + + <p>I copy the following from the fly-leaf of <i>A Treatise of + Ecclesiastical Benefices and Revenues</i>, by the learned Father Paul, + translated by Tobias Jenkins, 8vo., Westminster, 1736:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Bibliotheca de Bassingbourn in Com. Cant. Dono dedit Edvardus + Nightingale de Kneeseworth Armiger Filius et Hares Fundatoris. Feb. + 1<sup>mo</sup>, 1735<sup>to</sup>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>How the volume got out of the library I know not: it was purchased + some years since at a sale in Oxford.</p> + + <p class="author">Y. B. N. J.</p> + + <p>To the list of parochial libraries allow me to add that of Denchworth, + near Wantage, Berks. In a small apartment over the porch, the + <i>parvise</i>, I recollect, some years since, to have seen a very fair + collection of old divinity, the books being, all of them, confined by + chains, according to the ancient usage, an instance of which I never saw + elsewhere. <!-- Page 275 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page275"></a>{275}</span></p> + + <p>At St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, there is also a collection of books, + mostly the gift of the Newtes, Richard (rejected in 1646 and restored in + 1660), and John his son, rectors of the portions of Tidcombe and Clare in + that church. The books are preserved in a room over the vestry.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p> + + <p>Another <i>venerable</i> archdeacon now living permitted the + churchwardens of Swaffham to give him a fine copy of Cranmer's Bible + belonging to the church library.</p> + + <p class="author">S. Z. Z. S.</p> + + <p>Add to the list Finedon, in Northamptonshire, where there is a + collection of upwards of 1000 volumes in the parvise over the porch.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>"UP, GUARDS, AND AT THEM!"</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., pp. 111. 184.)</p> + + <p>The authority for the Duke of Wellington having used these words at + the battle of Waterloo is Capt. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, in a + letter written a few days after the battle, published in Booth's + <i>Battle of Waterloo</i>, and illustrated by George Jones, Esq., R.A., + who is believed to have superintended the whole publication. I append the + extract:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Upon the cavalry being repulsed, the Duke himself ordered our second + battalion to form line with the third battalion, and, after advancing to + the brow of the hill, to lie down and shelter ourselves from the fire. + Here we remained, I imagine, near an hour. It was now about seven + o'clock. The French infantry had in vain been brought against our line + and, as a last resource, Buonaparte resolved upon attacking our part of + the position with his veteran Imperial Guard, promising them the plunder + of Brussels. Their artillery and they advanced in solid column to where + we lay. The Duke, who was riding behind us, watched their approach; and + at length, when within a hundred yards of us, exclaimed 'Up, guards, and + at them again!' Never was there a prouder moment than this for our + country or ourselves," &c.—Second Letter of Capt. Batty, + Grenadier Guards, dated June 22, 1815, from the village of Gommignies; + his First Letter being dated Bavay, June 21, 1815.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This circumstantial account, written so few days after the battle, + detailing affirmatively the command to the guards as heard by one of + themselves, will probably countervail the negative testimony of C. as + derived from the Duke's want of recollection: as well as the "Goodly + Botherby's" of <span class="sc">Mr. Cuthbert Bede</span>. As an instance + of the Duke's impressions of the battle, I may add, that he stated that + there was <i>no smoke</i>, though Mr. Jones told me, that when he was on + the ground two days afterwards the smoke was still hanging over it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Frank Howard</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Mr. Muller's Process.</i>—<span class="sc">Mr. Sisson</span> + inquires for any one's experience in the use of the above formula, and I + beg to say I remember when it was published I tried it, but gave it up. + It is an excellent plan, but requires improvement. The following were my + objections:</p> + + <p>If the objects are not well illuminated by the sun, the image is not + sharp. The skies taken are singularly the reverse of the iodide-of-potash + method, as they are almost transparent.</p> + + <p>The solutions of iron are a constant trouble by precipitating.</p> + + <p>It has the same disadvantages as other modes on paper from inequality + in the strength of the image. The photographic <i>pons asinorum</i> + appears however to be got over by the process, viz. taking the picture at + once in the camera, and it is very possible that it can be made perfect. + A small quantity of chromate of potash, about one grain to three ounces + of solution of iodide of iron, gives a little more force to the + picture.</p> + + <p>I find the nitrate of lead a very useful salt in iodizing paper. Six + grains of the salt to the ounce of water, and tincture of iodine added + till a pale yellow, will give additional sensitiveness to iodized paper, + if the sheets are floated upon the solution. This will shorten the time + in the camera nearly five minutes; but it requires care, as it is apt to + solarize.</p> + + <p>A weak solution of iodide of iron has also the same effect, and, if + blotted off at once, it will not blacken by the use of gallic acid.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Bayswater.</p> + + <p><i>Stereoscopic Angles.</i>—When I last addressed you, I fancied + I should set the stereoscopic-angle question at rest. It appears, + however, that <span class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span> is unconvinced, and + as I alone (to the best of my knowledge) have defined and solved the + problem in relation to this subject, you will perhaps allow me to offer a + few words in rejoinder to <span class="sc">Mr. S.'s</span> arguments + which, had that gentleman thought more closely, would not have been + advanced. This is also requisite, because, from their speciousness, they + are likely to mislead such as take what they read for granted. <span + class="sc">Mr. S.</span> says that when the stereographs are placed at + the same distance from the eyes as the focal length of the lens, that 2ź + inches is the best space for the cameras to be apart; and that were this + space increased, the result would be as though the pictures were taken + from models. To this I reply, that the only correct space for the cameras + to be apart is 2˝ inches (<i>i. e.</i> the space usually found to be from + pupil to pupil of our eyes), and this under every circumstance; and that + any departure from this must produce error. As to the model-like + appearance, I cannot see the reason of <!-- Page 276 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page276"></a>{276}</span>it. Next <span + class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span> says, and rightly, that when the pictures + are seen from a less distance than the focal length of the lens, they + appear to be increased in bulk. But the "obvious remedy" I pronounce to + be wrong, as it must produce error. The remedy is nevertheless obvious, + and consists in placing the stereographs at the same distance from the + eyes as the focal length of the lens. But, if this cannot be done, it + were surely better to submit to some trifling exaggeration than to + absolute deformity and error. <span class="sc">Mr. S.</span> says also, + that as we mainly judge of distance, &c. by the convergence of the + optic axis of our eyes (Query, How do persons with only one eye judge?), + so, in short or medium distances, it were better to let the camera + radiate from its centre to the principal object to be delineated. The + result of this must be error, as the following illustration will show. + Let the sitter (for it is especially recommended in portraits) hold + before him, horizontally, and in parallelism with the picture, a ruler + two feet long; and let planes parallel to the ruler pass through the + sitter's ears, eyes, nose, &c. The consequence would be that the + ruler, and all the other planes parallel to it, would have two vanishing + points, and all the features be erroneously rendered. This, to any one + conversant with perspective, should suffice. But, as all are not + acquainted with perspective, perhaps the following illustration may prove + more convincing. Suppose an ass to stand facing the observer; a boy + astride him, with a big drum placed before him. Now, under the treatment + recommended by <span class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span>, both sides of the + ass would be visible; both the boy's legs; and the drum would have two + heads. This would be untrue, absurd, ridiculous, and quite as wonderful + as Mr. Fenton's twelve-feet span view from across the Thames.</p> + + <p>Once more, and I shall have done with the present arguments of <span + class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span>. He says that the two pictures should + have exactly the same range of vision. This I deny: for, were it so, + there would be no stereoscopic effect. Let the object be a column: it is + evident that a tangent to the left side of the column from the right eye, + could not extend so far to the left as a tangent to the left side of the + column from the left eye, and <i>vice versâ</i>. And it is only by this + difference in the two pictures (or, in other words, the range of vision) + that our conceptions of solidity are created. This is not exactly the + test to suit the views of <span class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span>, as I am + quite aware; but I chose it for its simplicity, and because it will bear + demonstration; and my desire has been to elicit truth, and not to + perpetuate error.</p> + + <p>In conclusion, I beg to refer <span class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span> + to my definition and solution of the stereoscopic problem—which I + then said I <i>believed</i>—but which I now unhesitatingly + <i>assert</i> to be correct.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. L. Marriott</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Ammonio-nitrate of Silver.</i>—The inability of your + correspondent <span class="sc">Philo-pho</span>. to form the + ammonio-nitrate of silver from a solution of nitrate of silver, which has + been used to excite albumenized paper, is in all probability owing to the + presence of a small quantity of nitrate of ammonia, which has been + imparted to the solution by the paper.</p> + + <p>Salts of ammonia form, with those of silver, double salts, from which + the oxide of silver is not precipitated by the alkalies.</p> + + <p>I cannot however explain how it was that the solution had lost none of + its silver, for the paper could not in such case have been rendered + sensitive.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Leachman</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">20. Compton Terrace, Islington.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Sir Thomas Elyot</i> (Vol. viii., p. 220.).—Particulars + respecting this once celebrated diplomatist and scholar may be collected + from Bernet's <i>Hist. Reformation</i>, ed. 1841, i. 95.; Strype's + <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, i. 221. 263., Append. No. LXII.; Ellis's + <i>Letters</i>, ii. 113.; <i>Archćologia</i>, xxxiii.; Wright's + <i>Suppression of Monasteries</i>, 140.; <i>Lelandi Encomia</i>, 83.; + Leland's <i>Collectanea</i>, iv. 136-148.; <i>Retrospective Review</i>, + ii. 381.; <i>Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary</i>, 82. 230.; + Chamberlain's <i>Holbein Heads</i>; Smith's <i>Autographs</i>; Fuller's + <i>Worthies</i> (Cambridgeshire); Wood's <i>Athenć Oxonienses</i>, i. + 58.; Lysons' <i>Cambridgeshire</i>, 159.</p> + + <p>The grant of Carlton cum Willingham in Cambridgeshire to Sir Thomas + Elliot and his wife is enrolled in the Exchequer (<i>Originalia</i>, 32 + Hen. VIII., pars 3. rot. 22. vel 221.); and amongst the Inquisitions + filed in that Court is one taken after his death (<i>Cant. and Hunt.</i>, + 37 vel 38 Hen. VIII.).</p> + + <p>I believe it will be found on investigation, that Sir Richard Elyot + (the father of Sir Thomas) was of Wiltshire rather than of Suffolk. See + Leland's <i>Collectanea</i>, iv. 141. n., and an Inquisition in the + Exchequer of the date of 6 or 7 Hen. VIII. thus described in the + Calendar: "de manerio de Wanborough com. Wiltes proficua cujus manerii + Ricardus Eliot percepit."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge.</p> + + <p><i>Judges styled "Reverend"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 158.).—As it is + more than probable that your pages may in future be referred to as + authority for any statement they contain, especially when the fact they + announce is vouched by so valued a name as that of my friend <span + class="sc">York Herald</span>, I am sure that he will excuse me for + correcting an error into which he has fallen, the more especially as Lord + Campbell is equally mistaken (<i>Lord Chancellors</i>, i. 539.).</p> + + <p><span class="sc">York Herald</span> states, that "Anthony Fitz-Herbert + was appointed Chief Justice of the Common <!-- Page 277 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page277"></a>{277}</span>Pleas in 1523, and died + in 30 Henry VIII." Fitz-Herbert was never <i>Chief Justice</i>. He was + made a judge of the Common Pleas in 1522; and so continued till his death + at the time mentioned, 1538. During that period, the office of Chief + Justice of the Common Pleas was successively held by Sir Thomas Brudenell + till 1531, by Sir Robert Norwich till 1535, and then by Sir John Baldwin, + who was Chief Justice at the time of Fitz-Herbert's death.</p> + + <p>William Rastall (afterwards Judge), in the early part of his career, + joined his father in the printing business, and there are several books + with his imprimatur. It was during that time probably that he formed the + table to the <i>Natura Brevium</i> of Anthony Fitz-Herbert, mentioned in + the title-page to <span class="sc">York Herald's</span> volume.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss</span>.</p> + + <p><i>"Hurrah" and other War-cries</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633.; Vol. + viii., pp. 20. 88.).—<i>Hurrah</i> is the war-cry of many nations, + both in the army and navy. The Dutch seem to have adopted it from the + Russians, <i>poeta invito</i>, as we see in the following verses of + Staring van den Willenborg:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Is 't hoera? Is 't hoera?</p> + <p>Wat drommel kan 't u schelen?</p> + <p class="i1">Brul, smeek ik, geen Kozakken na!</p> + <p>Als Fredrik's batterijën spelen—</p> + <p class="i1">Als Willem's trommen slaan</p> + <p class="i1">Blijv' Neęrland's oorlogskreet: 'Val aan!'</p> + <p>Waar jong en oud de vreugd der overwinning deelen,</p> + <p class="i1">Bij Quatre-Bras' trofee,</p> + <p class="i1">Blijve ons gejuich <i>Hoezee</i>!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Accept or reject this doggerel translation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Is it hurrah? Is it hurrah?</p> + <p>What does that concern you, pray?</p> + <p>Howl not like Cossacks of the Don!</p> + <p>But, when Frederic's batteries pour—</p> + <p>When William's drums do roar—</p> + <p>Holland's war-cry still be 'Fall on!'</p> + <p>When old and young</p> + <p>Raise the victor's song,</p> + <p>At Quatre-Bras' trophy,</p> + <p>Let <i>Huzzah</i> our joy-cry be!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Hoera</i> (hurrah) and <i>hoezee</i> (huzza), then, in the opinion + of Staring, and indeed of many others, have not the same origin. Some + have derived <i>hoezee</i> from <i>haussé</i>, a French word of applause + at the hoisting (Fr. <i>hausser</i>) of the admiral's flag. Bilderdijk + derives it from Hussein, a famous Turkish warrior, whose memory is still + celebrated. Dr. Brill says, "<i>hoezee</i> seems to be only another mode + of pronouncing the German <i>juchhé</i>." Van Iperen thinks it taken from + the Jewish shout, "Hosanna!" Siegenbeek finds "the origin of + <i>hoezee</i> in the shout of encouragement, 'Hou zee!' (hold sea)." Dr. + Jager cites a Flemish author, who says "that this cry ('hou zee,' in + French, <i>tiens mer</i>) seems especially to belong to us; since it was + formerly the custom of our seamen always 'zee te houden' (to keep the + sea), and never to seek shelter from storms." Dr. Jager, however, thinks + it rather doubtful "that our <i>hoezee</i> should come from 'hou zee,' + especially since we find a like cry in other languages." In old French + <i>huz</i> signified a cry, a shout; and the verb <i>huzzer</i>, or + <i>hucher</i>, to cry, to shout; and in Dutch <i>husschen</i> had the + same meaning.—From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Major André</i> (Vol. viii., p. 174).—The sisters of Major + André lived until a comparatively very recent date in the Circus at Bath, + and this fact may point <span class="sc">Serviens</span> to inquiries in + that city.</p> + + <p class="author">T. F.</p> + + <p>In reply to <span class="sc">Serviens's</span> Query about Major + André, I beg to inform him that there is a good picture of the Major by + Sir Joshua Reynolds in the house of Mrs. Fenning, at Tonbridge Wells, + who, I have no doubt, would be enabled to give him some particulars + respecting his life.</p> + + <p class="author">W. H. P.</p> + + <p><i>Early Edition of the New Testament</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 219.).—The book, about which your correspondent <span class="sc">A. + Boardman</span> inquires, is an imperfect copy of Tyndale's <i>Version of + the New Testament</i>: probably it is one of the <i>first edition</i>; if + so, it was printed at Antwerp in 1526; but if it be one of the second + edition, it was printed, I believe, at the same place in 1534. Those + excellent and indefatigable publishers, Messrs. Bagster & Sons, have + within the last few years reprinted both these editions; and if your + correspondent would apply to them, I have no doubt but they will be able + to resolve him on all the points of his inquiry.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. B——w.</span></p> + + <p><i>Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge</i> (Vol. vii., p. 571. Vol. viii., + pp. 37. 83.).—As this question is still open, I forward you the + translation of an article inserted by me in the first volume of the + <i>Navorscher</i>. Lozenge-formed shields have not been always, nor + exclusively, used by ladies; for, in a collection of arms from 1094 to + 1649 (see <i>Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from Scottish + Seals</i>, by Laing, Edinburgh) are many examples of ladies' arms, but + not one in which the shield has any other form than that used at the time + by men. In England, however, as early as the fourteenth century, the + lozenge was sometimes used by ladies, though perhaps only by widows. + Nisbet (<i>System of Heraldry</i>, ii. 35.) mentions a lozenge-formed + seal of Johanna Beaufort, Queen Dowager of Scotland, attached to a + parchment in 1439; while her arms, at an earlier period, were borne on a + common shield (<i>Gent. Mag.</i>, April, 1851). In France the use of the + lozenge for ladies was very general; yet in the great work of Flacchio + (<i>Généalogie de la Maison de la Tour</i>) are found several hundred + examples of ladies' arms on oval <!-- Page 278 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page278"></a>{278}</span>shields; and in + <i>Vredii Genealogia comitum Flandrić</i> (p. 130.), on shields rounded + off below. On the other hand, lozenges have sometimes been used by men: + for instance, on a seal of Ferdinand, Infant of Spain, in Vredius, l. c. + p. 148.; also on a dollar of Count Maurice of Hanau, in Kohler's + <i>Müntzbelustig</i>. 14. See again the arms of the Count of Sickingen, + in Siebmacher, Suppl. xi. 2. So much for the use of the lozenge. Most + explanations of its origin appear equally far-fetched. That of + Menestrier, in his <i>Pratique des Armoires</i> (p. 14.), seems to me the + least forced. He derives the French name <i>lozange</i> from the Dutch + <i>lofzang</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In Holland," he says, "the custom prevails every year, in May, to + affix verses and <i>lofzangen</i> (songs of praise) in lozenge-formed + tablets on the doors of newly-made magistrates. Young men hung such + tablets on the doors of their sweethearts, or newly-married persons. Also + on the death of distinguished persons, lozenge-shaped pieces of black + cloth or velvet, with the arms, name, and date of the death of the + deceased, were exhibited on the front of the house. And since <i>there is + little to be said of women, except on their marriage or death, for this + reason has it become customary on all occasions to use for them the + lozenge-shaped shield</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In confirmation of this may be mentioned, that formerly <i>lozange</i> + and <i>lozanger</i> were used in the French for <i>louange</i> and + <i>louer</i>; of which Menestrier, in the above-quoted work (p. 431.), + cites several instances.</p> + + <p>Besides the conjectures mentioned by H. C. K. and <span + class="sc">Broctuna</span>, may be cited that of Laboureur: who finds + both the form and the name in the Greek word <span title="oxugônios" class="grk" + >ὀξυγώνιος</span> + (<i>ozenge</i> with the article, <i>l'ozenge</i>); and of Scaliger, who + discovers <i>lausangia</i> in <i>laurangia</i>, <i>lauri folia</i>. See + farther, Bernd. <i>Wapenwesen</i>, Bonn, 1841.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Scott</span>.</p> + + <p>Norwich.</p> + + <p><i>Sir William Hankford</i> (Vol. ii., p. 161. &c.).—Your + learned correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Edward Foss</span> proves + satisfactorily that Sir W. Gascoigne was not retained in his office of + Chief Justice by King Hen. V. But <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span> seems + to have overlooked entirely the Devonshire tradition, which represents + Sir William <i>Hankford</i> (Gascoigne's successor) to be the judge who + committed Prince Henry. Risdon (<i>v</i>. Bulkworthy, <i>Survey of + Devon</i>, ed. 1811, p. 246.), after mentioning a chapel built by Sir W. + Hankford, gives this account of the matter:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This is that deserving judge, that did justice upon the king's son + (afterwards King Henry V.), who, when he was yet prince, commanded him to + free a servant of his, arraigned for felony at the king's bench bar; + whereat the judge replied, he would not. Herewith the prince, enraged, + essayed himself to enlarge the prisoner, but the judge forbad; insomuch + as the prince in fury stept up to the bench, and gave the judge a blow on + the face, who, nothing thereat daunted, told him boldly: 'If you will not + obey your sovereign's laws, who shall obey you when you shall be king? + Wherefore, in the king's (your father's) name, I command you prisoner to + the king's bench.' Whereat the prince, abashed, departed to prison. When + King Henry IV., his father, was advertised thereof (as fast flieth fame), + after he had examined the circumstances of the matter, he rejoiced to + have a son so obedient to his laws, and a judge of such integrity to + administer justice without fear or favour of the person; but withal + dismissed the prince from his place of president of the council, which he + conferred on his second son."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Risdon makes no mention of Sir W. Hankford's being retained in office + by King Henry V. But at p. 277., <i>v.</i> Monkleigh, he gives the + traditional account of Hankford's death (anno 1422), which represents the + judge, in doubt of his safety, and mistrusting the sequel of the matter, + to have committed suicide by requiring his park-keeper to shoot at him + when under the semblance of a poacher:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Which report (Risdon adds) is so credible among the common sort of + people, that they can show the tree yet growing where this fact was + committed, known by the name of Hankford Oak."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mauilies, Manillas</i> (Vol. vii., p. 533.).—W. H. S. will + probably find some of the information which he asks for in <i>Two Essays + on the Ring-Money of the Celtć</i>, which were read in the year 1837 to + the members of the Royal Irish Academy by Sir William Betham, and in some + observations on these essays which are to be found in the <i>Gentleman's + Magazine</i> of that year. During the years 1836, 1837, and 1838, there + were made at Birmingham or the neighbourhood, and exported from Liverpool + to the river Bonney in Africa, large quantities of <i>cast-iron</i> + rings, in imitation of the <i>copper</i> rings known as "Manillas" or + "African ring-money," then made at Bristol. A vessel from Liverpool, + carrying out a considerable quantity of these cast-iron rings, was + wrecked on the coast of Ireland in the summer of 1836. A few of them + having fallen into the hands of Sir William Betham, he was led to write + the <i>Essays</i> before mentioned. The making of these cast-iron rings + has been discontinued since the year 1838, in consequence of the natives + of Africa refusing to give anything in exchange for them. From inquiry + which I made in Birmingham in the year 1839, I learnt that more than 250 + tons of these cast-iron rings had been made in that town and + neighbourhood in the year 1838, for the African market. The captain of a + vessel trading to Africa informed me in the same year that the Black + Despot, who then ruled on the banks of the river Bonney, had threatened + to mutilate, in a way which I will not describe, any one who should be + detected in landing these counterfeit rings within his territories.</p> + + <p class="author">N. W. S.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 279 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page279"></a>{279}</span></p> + + <p><i>The Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits</i> (Vol. vii., p. 589.; Vol. + viii., p. 82.).—Your correspondent A. W. S. having called attention + to the use of the hour-glass in pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.), I beg to + mention two instances in which I have seen the stands which formerly held + them. The first is at Pilton Church, near Barnstaple, Devon, where it + still (at least very lately it did) remain fixed to the pulpit; the other + instance is at Tawstock Church (called, from its numerous and splendid + monuments, the Westminster Abbey of North Devon), but here it has been + displaced, and I saw it lying among fragments of old armour, banners, + &c., in a room above the vestry. They were similar in form, each + representing a man's arm, cut out of sheet iron and gilded, the hand + holding the stand; turning on a hinge at the shoulder it lay flat on the + panels of the pulpit when not in use. When extended it would project + about a yard.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p>George Poulson, Esq., in his <i>History and Antiquities of the + Seignory of Holderness</i> (vol. ii. p. 419.), describing Keyingham + Church, says that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The pulpit is placed on the south-east corner; beside it is an iron + frame-work, used to contain an hour-glass."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.</p> + + <p><i>Derivation of the Word "Island"</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 209.).—Your correspondent C. gives me credit for a far greater + amount of humour than I can honestly lay claim to. He appears (he must + excuse me for saying so) to have scarcely read through my observations on + the derivation of the word <i>island</i>, which he criticises so + unmercifully; and to have understood very imperfectly what he has read. + For instance, he says that my "derivation of <i>island</i> from + <i>eye</i>, the visual orb, because each are (<i>sic</i>) surrounded by + water, seems like banter," &c. Had I insisted on any such analogy, I + should indeed have laid myself open to the charge; but <i>I did nothing + of the kind</i>, as he will find to be the case, if he will take the + trouble of perusing what I wrote. My remarks went to show, that, in the + A.-S. compounded terms, <i>Ealond</i>, <i>Igland</i>, &c., from which + our word <i>island</i> comes, the component <i>ea</i>, <i>ig</i>, + &c., does not mean <i>water</i>, as has hitherto been supposed to be + the case, but an <i>eye</i>; and that on this supposition alone can the + simple <i>ig</i>, used to express an <i>island</i>, be explained. Will C. + endeavour to explain it in any other way?</p> + + <p>Throughout my remarks, the word <i>isle</i> is not mentioned. And why? + Simply because it has no immediate etymological connexion with the word + <i>island</i>, being merely the French word naturalised. The word + <i>isle</i> is a simple, the word <i>island</i> a compound term. It is + surely a fruitless task (as it certainly is unnecessary for any one, with + the latter word ready formed to his hand in the Saxon branch of the + Teutonic, and, from its very form, clearly of that family), to go out of + his way to torture the Latin into yielding something utterly foreign to + it. My belief is, that the resemblance between these two words is an + accidental one; or, more properly, that it is a question whether the + introduction of an <i>s</i> into the word <i>island</i> did not originate + in the desire to assimilate the Saxon and French terms.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p><i>A Cob-wall</i> (Vol. viii., p. 151.).—A "cob" is not an + unusual word in the midland counties, meaning a lump or small hard mass + of anything: it also means a blow; and a good "cobbing" is no unfamiliar + expression to the generality of schoolboys. A "cob-wall," I imagine, is + so called from its having been made of heavy lumps of clay, beaten one + upon another into the form of a wall. I would ask, if "gob," used also in + Devonshire for the stone of any fruit which contains a kernel, is not a + cognate word?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Oliver Cromwell's Portrait</i> (Vol. vi. <i>passim</i>).—In + reference to this Query, the best portrait of Oliver Cromwell is in the + Baptist College here, and 500 guineas have been refused for it.</p> + + <p>I am not aware if it is the one alluded to by your correspondents. The + picture is small, and depicts the Protector <i>without</i> armour: it is + by Cooper, and was left to its present possessors by the Rev. Andrew + Gifford, a Baptist minister, in 1784.</p> + + <p>Two copies have been made of it, but the original has never been + engraved; from one of the copies, however, an engraving is in process of + execution, after the picture by Mr. Newenham, of "Cromwell dictating to + Milton his letter to the Duke of Savoy." The likeness of Cromwell in this + picture is taken from one of the copies.</p> + + <p>The original is not allowed to be taken from off the premises on any + consideration, in consequence of a dishonest attempt having been made, + some time ago, to substitute a copy for it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bristoliensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Manners of the Irish</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 111.)—A slight + knowledge of Gaelic enables me to supply the meaning of some of the words + that have puzzled your Irish correspondents. <i>Molchan</i> (Gaelic, + <i>Mulachan</i>) means "<span class="correction" title="Original reads `chuse', corrected by a correspondent in issue 206. p. 351." + >cheese</span>."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Deo gracias, is smar in Doieagh."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I take to mean "Thanks to God, God is good." In Gaelic the spelling + would be—"is math in Dia." A Roman Catholic Celt would often hear + his priest say "Deo Gratias."</p> + + <p>The meaning of the passage seems to be pretty clear, and may be + rendered thus:—The Irish farmer, although in the abundant enjoyment + of <!-- Page 280 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page280"></a>{280}</span>bread, butter, cheese, flesh, and broth, + is not only not ashamed to complain of poverty as an excuse for + non-payment of his rent, but has the effrontery to thank God, as if he + were enjoying only those blessings of Providence to which he is justly + entitled.</p> + + <p class="author">W. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Argyleshire.</p> + + <p><i>Chronograms and Anagrams</i> (Vol. viii., p. 42.).—Perhaps + the most extraordinary instance to be found in reference to chronograms + is the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Chronographica Gratulatio in Felicissimum adventum Serenissimi + Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hispaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jesu. + Bruxellć publico Belgarum Gaudio exhibita."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This title is followed by a dedication to S. Michael and an address to + Ferdinand; after which come one hundred hexameters, <i>every one of which + is a chronogram</i>, and each chronogram gives the same result, viz. + 1634. The first three verses are,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"AngeLe CćLIVogI MIChaëL LUX UnICa CćtUs.</p> + <p>Pro nUtU sUCCInCta tUo CUI CUnCta MInIstrant.</p> + <p>SIDera qUIqUe poLo gaUDentIa sIDera VoLVUnt."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The last two are,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Vota Cano: hćC LeVIbus qUamVIs nUnC InCLyte prInCeps.</p> + <p>VersICULIs InCLUsa, fLUent in sćCULa CentUm."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>All the numeral letters are printed in capitals, and the whole is to + be found in the <i>Parnassus Poeticus Societatis Jesu</i> (Francofurti, + 1654), at pp. 445-448. of part i. In the same volume there is another + example of the chronogram, at p. 261., in the "Septem Marić Mysteria" of + Antonius Chanut. It occurs at the close of an inscription:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"StatUaM hanC—eX Voto ponIt</p> + <p>FernanDUs TertIUs AUgUstUs."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The date is 1647.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Henriot, an ingenious anagrammatist, discovered the following anagram + for the occasion of the 15th:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Napoleon Bonaparte sera-t-il consul ŕ vie,</p> + <p>La [le] peuple bon reconnoissant votera Oui.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>There is only a trifling change of <i>a</i> to + <i>e</i>."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i>, Aug. 1802, p. 771.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following is singular:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Quid est veritas? = Vir qui adest."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I add another chronogram "by Godard, upon the birth of Louis XIV. in + 1638, on a day when the eagle was in conjunction with the lion's + heart:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"EXorIens DeLphIn AqUILa CorDIsqUe LeonIs</p> + <p>CongressU GaLLos spe LćtItIaqUe refeCIt."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + + <p><i>"Haul over the Coals"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—This appears + to mean just the same as "roasting"—to inflict upon any one a + castigation <i>per verbum</i> and in good humour.</p> + + <p><i>To cover over the coals</i> is the same as to <span + class="correction" title="Original reads `lower', corrected by errata in issue 208." + >cower</span> over the coals, as a gipsy over a fire. Thus Hodge says of + Gammer Gurton and Tib, her maid:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i10hg3">"'Tis their daily looke,</p> + <p>They cover so over the coles their eies be bleared with smooke."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>To carry coals to Newcastle</i> is well understood to be like + giving alms to the wealthy; but viewed in union with the others would + show what a prominent place coals seem to have in the popular mind.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Poplar.</p> + + <p><i>Sheer Hulk</i> (Vol. viii., p. 126.).—This phrase is + certainly correct. <i>Sheer</i> = mere, a hulk, and nothing else. Thus we + say <i>sheer</i> nonsense, <i>sheer</i> starvation, &c.; and the song + says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Here a <i>sheer hulk</i> lies poor Tom Bowling,</p> + <p class="i2">The darling of our crew," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The etymology of <i>sheer</i> is plainly from <i>shear</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Poplar.</p> + + <p><i>The Magnet</i> (Vol. vi. <i>passim</i>).—This was used by + Claudian apparently as symbolical of Venus or love:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Mavors, sanguinea qui cuspide verberat urbes,</p> + <p>Et Venus, humanas quć laxat in otia curas,</p> + <p>Aurati delubra tenent communia templi,</p> + <p>Effigies non una Deis. Sed ferrea Martis</p> + <p>Forma nitet, Venerem <i>magnetica gemma figurat</i>."—Claud. <i>De Magnete.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Poplar.</p> + + <p><i>Fierce</i> (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—<span + class="sc">Oxoniensis</span> mentions a peculiar use of the word + "fierce." An inhabitant of Staffordshire would have answered him: "I feel + quite <i>fierce</i> this morning."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages</i> (Vol. viii., + p. 174.).—Your correspondent M. will find some curious and + interesting articles on this subject in vol. ii. of <i>The Scottish + Journal</i>, Edinburgh, 1848, p. 129. <i>et infra</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Duncan Mactavish.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lochbrovin.</p> + + <p><i>Acharis</i> (Vol. viii., p. 198.).—A mistake, probably, for + <i>achatis</i>, a Latinised form of <i>achat</i>, a bargain, purchase, or + act of purchasing. The passage in Dugdale seems to mean that "Ralph + Wickliff, Esq., holds two-thirds of the tithes of certain domains + sometime purchased by him, <!-- Page 281 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page281"></a>{281}</span>formerly at a rental of 5<i>s.</i>, now at + nothing, because, as he says, they are included in his park."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Eastwood.</span></p> + + <p><i>Henry, Earl of Wotton</i> (Vol. viii., p. 173.).—Philip, + first Earl of Chesterfield, had a son Henry, Lord Stanhope, K.B., who + married Catherine, the eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord + Wotton, and had issue one son Philip, and two daughters, Mary and + Catherine. Lord Stanhope died s. p. Nov. 29, 1634. His widow was + governess to the Princess of Orange, daughter of Charles I., and + attending her into Holland, sent over money, arms, and ammunition to that + king when he was distressed by his rebellious subjects. For such + services, and by reason of her long attendance on the princess, she was, + on the restoration of Charles II. (in regard that Lord Stanhope, her + husband, did not live to enjoy his father's honours), by letters patent + bearing date May 29, 12 Charles II., advanced to the dignity of Countess + of Chesterfield for life, as also that her daughters should enjoy + precedency as earl's daughters.</p> + + <p>She took to her second husband John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of + Kirkhoven and Henfleet, by whom she had a son, <i>Charles Henry</i> + Kirkhoven, the subject of the Query.</p> + + <p>This gentleman, chiefly on account of his mother's descent, was + created a baron of this realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton in + Kent, by letters patent bearing date at St. Johnstone's (Perth) in + Scotland, August 31, 1650, and in September, 1660, was naturalised by + authority of parliament, together with his sisters. He was likewise in + 1677 created Earl of <i>Bellomont</i> in Ireland, and, dying without + issue, left his estates to his nephew Charles Stanhope, the younger son + of his half-brother the Earl of Chesterfield, who took the surname of + Wotton.</p> + + <p>This information is principally from Collins, who quotes "Ec. Stem. + per Vincent." I have consulted also Bank's <i>Dormant Baronage</i>, + Burke's <i>Works</i>, and Sharpe's <i>Peerage</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bury, Lancashire.</p> + + <p><i>Anna Lightfoot</i> (Vol. vii., p. 595.).—An account of "the + left-handed wife of George III." appeared in Sir Richard Phillips' + <i>Monthly Magazine</i> for 1821 or 1822, under the title of (I think) + "Hannah Lightfoot, the fair Quaker."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alexander Andrews.</span></p> + + <p><i>Lawyers' Bags</i> (Vol. viii., p. 59.).—Previous + correspondents appear to have established the fact that green was the + orthodox colour of a lawyer's bag up to a recent date. May not the change + of colour have been suggested by the sarcasms and jeers about "green + bags," which were very current during the proceedings on the Bill of + Pains and Penalties, commonly known as the <i>Trial</i> of Queen + Caroline, some thirty years ago? The reports of the evidence collected by + the commission on the Continent, was laid on the table in a <i>sealed + green bag</i>, and the very name became for a time the signal for such an + outcry, that the lawyers may have deemed it prudent to strike their + colours, and have recourse to some other less obnoxious to remark.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>"When Orpheus went down"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 196.).—In reply + to the Query of G. M. B. respecting "When Orpheus went down," I beg to + say that the author was the Rev. Dr. Lisle (most probably the Bishop of + St. Asaph). The song may be found among Ritson's <i>English Songs</i>. + When it was first published I have not been able to ascertain, but it + must have been in the early part of the last century, as the air composed + for it by Dr. Boyce, most likely for Vauxhall, was afterwards used in the + pasticcio opera of <i>Love in a Village</i>, which was brought out in + 1763.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Oldenshaw.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Leicester.</p> + + <p><i>Muffs worn by Gentlemen</i> (Vol. vi. <i>passim</i>; Vol. vii., p. + 320.).—In Lamber's <i>Travels in Canada and the United States</i> + (1815), vol. i. p. 307., is the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I should not be surprised if those <i>delicate young soldiers</i> + were to introduce muffs: they were in general use among the men under the + French government, and are still worn by two or three old gentlemen."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>Wardhouse, and Fisherman's Custom there</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 78.).—Wardhouse or Wardhuuse, is a port in Finland, and the custom + was for the English to purchase herrings there, as they were not + permitted to fish on that coast. In <i>Trade's Increase</i>, a commercial + tract, written in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, the + author, when speaking of restraints on fishing on the coasts of other + nations, says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Certain merchants of Hull had their ships taken away and themselves + imprisoned, for fishing about the Wardhouse at the North Cape."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ham.</p> + + <p><i>"In necessariis unitas," &c.</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 197.).—The sentence, "In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in + omnibus caritas," may be seen sculptured in stone over the head of a + doorway leading into the garden of a house which was formerly the + residence of Archdeacon Coxe, and subsequently of Canon Lisle Bowles, in + the Close at Salisbury. It is quoted from Melancthon. The inscription was + placed there by the poet, and is no less the record of a noble, true, and + generous sentiment, than of the discriminating taste and feeling of him + by whom it was thus appreciated and honoured. <!-- Page 282 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page282"></a>{282}</span>Would that it might + become the motto of <i>all</i> our cathedral precincts!</p> + + <p class="author">W. S.</p> + + <p class="address">Northiam.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p><i>The Botany of the Eastern Borders, with the Popular Names and Uses + of the Plants, and of the Customs and Beliefs which have been associated + with them</i>, by George Johnson, M.D. This, the first volume of <i>The + Natural History of the Eastern Borders</i>, is a book calculated to + please a very large body of readers. The botanist will like it for the + able manner in which the various plants indigenous to the district are + described. The lover of Old World associations will be delighted with the + industry with which Dr. Johnson has collected, and the care with which he + has recorded their popular names, and preserved the various bits of folk + lore associated with those popular names, or their supposed medicinal + virtues. The antiquary will be gratified by the bits of archćological + gossip, and the biographical sketches so pleasantly introduced; and the + general reader with the kindly spirit with which Dr. Johnson will enlist + him in his company—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . Unconstrain'd to rove along</p> + <p>The bushy brakes and glens among."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Marry, it were a pleasant thing to join the <i>Berwickshire Natural + History Club</i> in one of their rambles through the Eastern Borders.</p> + + <p>Mr. Bohn has just added to his <i>Antiquarian Library</i> a volume + which will be received with great satisfaction by all who take an + interest in the antiquity of Egypt. It is a translation by the Misses + Horner of Dr. Lepsius' <i>Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula + of Sinai, with Extracts from his Chronology of the Egyptians, with + reference to the Exodus of the Israelites, revised by the Author</i>. Dr. + Lepsius, it may be mentioned, was at the head of the scientific + expedition appointed by the King of Prussia to investigate the remains of + ancient Egyptian and Ethiopian civilisation, still in preservation in the + Nile valley and the adjacent countries; and in this cheap volume we have + that accomplished traveller's own account of what that expedition was + able to accomplish.</p> + + <p>We are at length enabled to answer the Query which was addressed to us + some time since on the subject of the continuation of Mr. MacCabe's + <i>Catholic History of England</i>. The third volume is now at press, and + will be issued in the course of the next publishing season.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>—<i>A Letter to a + Convocation-Man concerning the Rights, Powers, and Privileges of that + Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an Introduction and + Notes</i>, by the Rev. W. Fraser, B.C.L. This reprint of a very rare + tract will no doubt be prized by the numerous advocates for the + re-assembling of Convocation, who must feel indebted to Mr. Fraser for + the care and learning with which he has executed his editorial + task.—<i>A Collection of Curious, Interesting, and Facetious + Epitaphs, Monumental Inscriptions, &c.</i>, by Joseph Simpson. We + think the editor would have some difficulty in authenticating many of the + epitaphs in his collection, which seems to have been formed upon no + settled principle.—<i>The Physiology of Temperance and Total + Abstinence, being an Examination of the Effects of the Excessive, + Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the Healthy Human + System</i>, by Dr. Carpenter: a shilling pamphlet, temperately written + and closely argued, and well deserving the attention of all, even of the + most temperate.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">The Monthly Army List</span> from 1797 to 1800 + inclusive. Published by Hookham and Carpenter, Bond Street. Square + 12mo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jer. Collier's Ecclesiastical History of + England.</span> Folio Edition. Vol. II.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">London Labour and the London Poor.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual.</span> + Pickering.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Proceedings of the London Geological + Society.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico.</span> + 8 Vols. London. Vol. III.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mrs. Ellis's Social Distinction.</span> Tallis's + Edition. Vols. II. and III. 8vo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History and Antiquities of Newbury.</span> 8vo. 1839. + 340 pages. Two Copies.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Vancouver's Survey of Hampshire.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hemingway's History of Chester.</span> Large Paper. + Parts I. and III.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Correspondence on the Formation of the Roman Catholic + Bible Society.</span> 8vo. London, 1813.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Athenćum Journal for 1844.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PAMPHLETS.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Junius Discovered.</span> By P. T. Published about + 1789.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Reasons for rejecting the Evidence of Mr. + Almon</span>, &c. 1807.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Another Guess at Junius.</span> Hookham. 1809.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Author of Junius Discovered.</span> Longmans. + 1821.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Claims of Sir P. Francis Refuted.</span> + Longmans. 1822.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Who was Junius?</span> Glynn. 1837.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Some New Facts</span>, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. + 1850.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><span class="sc">Replies.</span> <i>We have again to beg those + Correspondents who favour us with</i> <span class="sc">Replies</span> + <i>to complete them by giving the Volume and Page of the original</i> + <span class="sc">Queries</span>. <i>This would give little trouble to + each Correspondent, while its omission entails considerable labour upon + us.</i></p> + + <p>W. C. "When Greeks join'd Greeks" <i>is from Lee's Alexander the + Great</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">A Constant Reader.</span> <i>The contractions + referred to stand for</i> Pence <i>and</i> Farthings.</p> + + <p>C. W. (Bradford). <i>We can promise that if the book in question is + obtained, our Correspondent shall have the reading of it.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence.</span> <i>We hope next + week to lay before our readers</i> <span class="sc">Dr. + Diamond</span>'<i>s process for printing on albumenized paper. We shall + also reply to several Photographic querists.</i></p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., <i>price Three Guineas and a + Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 283 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page283"></a>{283}</span></p> + + <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY, DU BARRY + & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual + remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves + fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, + intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, + dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, + heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of + the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during + pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the + aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:—</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:—"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart + de Decies.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable agony from + dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, + sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's + excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, + near Diss, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by + Du Barry's food in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. + Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, + with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington + Rectory, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p> + + <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all + kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, + as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and + bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of + the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> +"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, + purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent + Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine + venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full + instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; + 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of + Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, + London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having + been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar + names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to + see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry + & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which + none is genuine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, + Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frčres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's + Process. 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HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.</p> + + <p>KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and + Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and + Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various + Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the + Photographic Art. 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INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p> + + <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p> + + <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan + of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained + with perfect Security.</p> + + <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>PETER MORRISON,</p> + <p>Managing Director.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. 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HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has considerable experience.</p> + + <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of a General Collection of Ancient and Modern + Gems, Cameos, as well as Intaglios. By JAMES TASSIE, Modeller. Arranged + and described by R.E. RASPE, and illustrated with Copper-plates. 2 vols. + 4to., London, 1791, boards, in first-rate condition, scarce, 1<i>l.</i> + 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. 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Reprinted from "The Quarterly Review."</p> + + <p>The former Volumes of this Series are—</p> + + <p>LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.</p> + + <p>HOLLWAY'S MONTH IN NORWAY.</p> + + <p>LORD CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF LORD BACON.</p> + + <p>WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.</p> + + <p>DEAN MILMAN'S FALL OF JERUSALEM.</p> + + <p>LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.</p> + + <p>LORD MAHON'S STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.</p> + + <p>HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.</p> + + <p>THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.</p> + + <p>WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.</p> + + <p>MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.</p> + + <p>LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.</p> + + <p>BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.</p> + + <p>LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE."</p> + + <p>ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."</p> + + <p>GIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.</p> + + <p>THE ART OF DINING.</p> + + <p>OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.</p> + + <p>THE CHACE, THE TURF, AND THE ROAD. By NIMROD.</p> + + <p>JAMES' FABLES OF ĆSOP.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>To be followed by</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>BEAUTIES OF BYRON: PROSE AND VERSE.</p> + + <p>A SECOND SERIES OF ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."</p> + + <p>The ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G. WILKINSON.</p> + + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186 Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, September + 17, 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203, +September 17, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 27003-h.htm or 27003-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/0/0/27003/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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