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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203, September
+17, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 203, September 17, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27003]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{261}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 203.]
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                             Page
+
+    Our Shakspearian Correspondence                           261
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+    Mr. Pepys and East London Topography, &c.                 263
+    Picts' Houses in Aberdeenshire                            264
+
+    FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare--Devonshire
+    Cures for the Thrush                                      264
+
+    HERALDIC NOTES:--Arms of Granville--Arms of
+    Richard, King of the Romans                               265
+    Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell and
+    Thos. Keightley                                           265
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Longfellow's Poetical Works--Sir
+    Walter Raleigh--Curious Advertisement--Gravestone
+    Inscription--Monumental Inscription                       267
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    Sir Philip Warwick                                        268
+    Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth, by E. S.
+    Taylor                                                    269
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Hand in Bishop Canning's Church
+    --"I put a spoke in his wheel"--Sir W. Hewit--
+    Passage in Virgil--Fauntleroy--Animal Prefixes
+    descriptive of Size and Quality--Punning Devices
+    --"Pinece with a stink"--Soiled Parchment Deeds
+    --Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s, Cheshire Collection
+    --Cambridge and Ireland--Derivation of Celt--
+    Ancient Superstition against the King of England
+    entering or even beholding the Town of Leicester
+    --Burton--The Camera Lucida--Francis Moore--
+    Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle--Palace at Enfield--
+    "Solamen miseris," &c.--Soke Mills--Second Wife
+    of Mallet                                                 269
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Books burned by
+    the Common Hangman--Captain George Cusack--
+    Sir Ralph Winwood                                         272
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Books chained to Desks in Churches, by J. Booker, &c.     273
+    Epitaphs by Cuthbert Bede, B.A., &c.                      273
+    Parochial Libraries                                       274
+    "Up, Guards, and at them!" by Frank Howard                275
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Muller's Process
+    --Stereoscopic Angles--Ammonio-nitrate of
+    Silver                                                    275
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Sir Thomas Elyot--
+    Judges styled "Reverend"--"Hurrah" and other
+    War-cries--Major Andr�--Early Edition of the
+    New Testament--Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge
+    --Sir William Hankford--Maullies, Manillas--The
+    Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits--Derivation of the
+    Word "Island"--A Cob-wall--Oliver Cromwell's
+    Portrait--Manners of the Irish--Chronograms and
+    Anagrams--"Haul over the Coals,"--Sheer Hulk--
+    The Magnet--Fierce--Connexion between the
+    Celtic and Latin Languages--Acharis, &c.                  276
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Notes on Books, &c.                                       282
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              282
+    Notices to Correspondents                                 282
+    Advertisements                                            283
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+OUR SHAKSPEARIAN CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+We have received from a valued and kind correspondent (not one of those
+emphatically good-natured friends so wittily described by Sheridan) the
+following temperate remonstrance against the tone which has distinguished
+several of our recent articles on Shakspeare:--
+
+_Shakspeare Suggestions_ (Vol. viii., pp. 124. 169.).--
+
+ "Most busy, when least I do."
+
+I am grateful to A. E. B. for referring me to the article on "Shakspeare
+Criticism" in the last number of _Blackwood's Magazine_. It is a very able
+paper, and worthy of general attention.
+
+I ought to add some few explanatory observations upon the subject of my
+former communication, but the tone of A. E. B.'s comments forbids me to
+proceed with the discussion; the more especially as my suggestion has been
+made a reason for introducing into your pages comments which seem to me to
+be altogether unwarrantable upon other portions of the article in
+Blackwood. Whoever may be the writer of that article--I do not know--he
+needs no other defence than a reference to his paper. It is not on his
+account that I venture to allude to this subject; it is rather on yours,
+Mr. Editor, and with a view to the welfare of your paper. I cannot think
+that you or it will be benefited by converting conversational gossip about
+Shakspeare difficulties into "a duel in the form of a debate," seasoned
+with sarcasm, insinuation, and satiric point. This is not the kind of
+matter one expects to find in "N. & Q." neither do I think your pages
+should be made a vehicle for "showing up" such of "the herd of menstrual
+Aristarchi" as chance to differ in opinion from some of your smart and
+peremptory, but not unfrequently inaccurate and illiberal correspondents.
+
+I know that you yourself are in this respect much in the power of your
+contributors. Probably you were as ignorant of the existence of the article
+in Blackwood as I was.[1] It is now brought {262} before your notice, and I
+invite you to look at it, and judge for yourself whether A. E. B. has
+treated you, your paper, or the writer of that very excellent article, with
+common fairness in the remarks to which I allude.
+
+I make these observations on two grounds: first, as one who has many
+reasons for being anxious for the prosperity of "N. & Q.;" and secondly,
+because I know it to be the opinion of several of your earliest and warmest
+friends, that there is a tendency in some of your Shakspeare contributors
+to indulge in insinuation, imputation of motives, and many other things
+which ought never to appear in your pages. We lately observed, with deep
+regret, that you were misled (not by A. E. B.) into the insertion of
+unjustifiable insinuations, levelled against a gentleman whom we all know
+to be a man of the highest personal honour.
+
+The questions which are mooted in your pages ought to be discussed with the
+mutual forbearance and enlarged liberality which are predominant in the
+general society of our metropolis; not with the keen and angry partizanship
+which distinguishes the petty squabbles of a country town.
+
+ICON.
+
+    Our readers know that we ourselves recently noticed the tendency of too
+    many of our correspondents to depart from the courteous spirit by which
+    the earlier communications to this Journal were distinguished. The
+    intention we then announced of playing the tyrant in future, and
+    exercising with greater freedom our "editorial privilege of omission,"
+    we now repeat yet more emphatically. ICON well remarks that we are much
+    in the power of our contributors. Indeed we are more so than even he
+    supposes.
+
+    An article on the _Notes and Emendations_ which lately appeared in our
+    columns concluded, in its original form, with an argument against their
+    genuineness, based on the use of a word unknown to Shakspeare and his
+    cotemporaries. This appeared to us somewhat extraordinary, and a
+    reference to Richardson's excellent Dictionary proved that our
+    correspondent was altogether wrong _as to his facts_. We of course
+    omitted the passage; but we ought not to have received a statement
+    founded on a mistake which might have been avoided by a single
+    reference to so common a book.
+
+    Again, at p. 194. of the present volume, another correspondent, after
+    pointing out some coincidences between the old Emendator and some
+    suggested corrections by Z. Jackson, and stating that MR. COLLIER never
+    once refers to Jackson, proceeds: "MR. SINGER, however, talks
+    familiarly about Jackson, in his _Shakspeare Vindicated_, as if he had
+    him at his fingers' ends; and yet, at p. 239., he favours the world
+    with an _original_ emendation (viz. 'He did _behood_ his anger,'
+    _Timon_, Act III. Sc. 1.), which, however, will be found at page 389.
+    of Jackson's book." Now, after this, who would have supposed that, as
+    we learn from MR. SINGER, "MR. INGLEBY has founded his charge on such
+    slender grounds as one cursory notice of Jackson at p. 288. of my book,
+    where I mentioned him merely on the authority of MR. COLLIER." And who
+    that knows MR. SINGER will doubt the truth of his assertion, that he
+    has not even seen Jackson's book for near a quarter of a century, and
+    that he had not the slightest reason to doubt that the conjecture of
+    _behood_ for _behave_ was his own property?[2]
+
+    But there is another gentleman who, although he has never whispered a
+    remonstrance to us upon the subject, has even more grounds of complaint
+    than MR. SINGER, for the treatment which he has received in our
+    columns; we mean our valued friend and contributor MR. COLLIER, who we
+    feel has received some injustice in our pages. But the fact is that,
+    holding, as we do unchanged, the opinion which we originally expressed
+    of the great value of the _Notes and Emendations_--knowing MR.
+    COLLIER'S character to be above suspicion--and believing that the
+    result of all the discussions to which the _Notes and Emendations_ have
+    given rise, will eventually be to satisfy the world of their great
+    value,--_we_ have not looked so strictly as we ought to have done, and
+    as we shall do in future, to the tone in which they have been discussed
+    in "N. & Q."
+
+    And here let us take the opportunity of offering a few suggestions
+    which we think worthy of being borne in mind in all discussions on the
+    text of Shakspeare, whether the object under consideration be what
+    Shakspeare actually wrote, or what Shakspeare really meant by what he
+    did write.
+
+    First, as to this latter point. Some years ago a distinguished scholar,
+    when engaged in translating G�the's _Faust_, came to a passage involved
+    in considerable obscurity, and which he found was interpreted very
+    differently by different admirers of the poem. Unable, under these
+    circumstances, to procure any satisfactory solution of the poet's
+    meaning, the translator applied to G�the himself, and received from him
+    the candid reply which we think it far from improbable that Shakspeare
+    himself might give with reference to many passages in his own
+    writings,--"That {263} he was very sorry he could not assist him, but
+    he really did not know exactly what he meant when he wrote it." We
+    doubt not some of our contributors could supply us with many similar
+    avowals.
+
+    This opinion will no doubt offend many of those blind worshippers of
+    Shakspeare, who will not believe that he could have written a passage
+    which is not perfect, and who, consequently, will not be satisfied with
+    any note, emendation, or restoration which does not make the passage
+    into which it is introduced "one entire and perfect chrysolite." But
+    this is unreasonable. We have direct evidence of the imperfect
+    character of much that Shakspeare wrote. When told that Shakspeare had
+    never blotted a line, Ben Jonson--no mean critic, and no unfriendly
+    one--wished he had "blotted a thousand." Would rare Ben have uttered
+    such a wish ignorantly and without cause? We believe the existence of
+    such defects in the writings of Shakspeare, as they were left by him.
+    It follows, therefore, that in our opinion Shakspeare is under great
+    obligations to the undeservedly-abused commentators.[3] It would be
+    strange indeed, when we consider how many men of genius and learning
+    have busied themselves to illustrate his writings, if none of them
+    should have caught any inspiration from his genius. We believe they
+    have done so. We believe Theobald's "babbled o' green fields" to be one
+    of many instances in which, with reference to some one particular
+    passage, the scholiast has proved himself worthy of and excelling his
+    author. Yes, Shakspeare, the greatest of all uninspired writers, was
+    but mortal; and his worshippers would sometimes do well bear in mind
+    that their golden image had but feet of clay.
+
+[Footnote 1: We had not seen this very able article until our attention was
+called to it by this letter. We regret that the author of it was not aware
+of what had been written in "N. & Q." on many of the points discussed by
+him. Such knowledge might have modified some of his views.]
+
+[Footnote 2: On this point we would call especial attention to MR.
+HALLIWELL'S communication on the _Difficulty of avoiding Coincident
+Suggestions on the Text of Shakspeare_, which will be found in our present
+Number.]
+
+[Footnote 3: One of the most specious arguments which have been advanced
+against the genuineness of the _Notes and Emendations_ is, that they agree
+in many instances with readings which had been suggested many years before
+the discovery of the MS. Notes. Of course it is obvious that, wherever the
+readings are right, they must do so; and these coincidences serve to
+satisfy us of the correctness of both.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+MR. PEPYS AND EAST LONDON TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.
+
+In "N. & Q." (Vol. i., p. 141.) there appeared an article upon the Isle of
+Dogs, &c., which spoke of the neglected topography of the east of London,
+and requested information on one or two points. Having felt much interested
+in this matter, I have endeavoured to obtain information by personal
+investigation, and send you the following from among a mass of Notes:--
+
+1. _Isle of Dogs._ In a map drawn up in 1588 by Robert Adams, engraved in
+1738, this name is applied to an islet in the river Thames, still in part
+existing, at the south-west corner of the peninsula. From this spot the
+name appears to have extended to the entire marsh.
+
+2. _Dick Shore_, Limehouse. This is now called _Duke Shore_, Fore Street.
+In Gascoyne's Map of Stepney, 1703, it is called _Dick Shoar_. Since that
+time _Dick_ has become a _Duke_. Mr. Pepys would find boats there now if he
+visited the spot.
+
+3. Mr. Pepys, in his _Diary_ of Mar. 23, 1660, speaks of "the great
+breach," near Limehouse. The spot now forming the entrance to the City
+Canal or South Dock of the West India Dock Company was called "the breach,"
+when the canal was formed.
+
+4. July 31, 1665. Mr. Pepys speaks of the _Ferry_ in the Isle of Dogs. This
+ferry is named as a horse-ferry by Norden in the _Britanni� Speculum_, 1592
+(MS.). The ferry is still used, but only seldom as a horse-ferry.
+
+5. Oct. 9, 1661. Mr. P. mentions Captain Marshe's, at Limehouse, close by
+the lime-house. There is still standing there a large old brick house,
+which may be the same; and the lime-kiln yet exists, for, as Norden says,
+"ther is a kiln contynually used."
+
+6. Sept. 22, 1665. Mr. P. speaks of a discovery made "in digging the late
+docke." This discovery consisted of nut trees, nuts, yew, ivy, &c., twelve
+feet below the surface. Johnson no doubt told him the truth. The same
+discovery was made in 1789, in digging the Brunswick Dock, also at
+Blackwall, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood.
+
+This very week (Aug. 25, 1853) I procured specimens of several kinds of
+wood, with land and freshwater shells, from as great a depth in an
+excavation at the West India Docks; the wood from a bed of peat, the shells
+from a bed of clay resting upon it. There exists an ancient house at the
+dock which Mr. P. visited, and which is probably the same.
+
+Other illustrations of the _Diary_ from this quarter might be adduced; let
+these, however, suffice as a specimen.
+
+It may probably be new to most of your readers, as it is to me, that an
+ancient house in Blackwall (opposite the Artichoke Tavern) is said to have
+been the residence of Sebastian Cabot at one time, and at another that of
+_Sir Walter Raleigh_. Whether the tradition be true or not, the house is
+very curious, and worth a visit, if not worthy of being sketched and
+engraved to preserve its memory. Perhaps the photograph in this case could
+be applied.
+
+It is not impossible that Sir John de Pulteney or Poultney, to whom the
+manor of Poplar was granted in the 24th of Edward III., resided on this
+spot. My reasons for thinking it are--this fact, which connects him with
+the neighbourhood; and the inference from two other facts, viz. that the
+house in which Sir John resided in town was {264} called _Cold Harbour_,
+and that _Cold Harbour_ is here also to be found. Sir John Pulteney is thus
+connected with both the places known by this name.
+
+I would give my name in verification, but you have it, as you should have
+the names and addresses of all your correspondents.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTS' HOUSES IN ABERDEENSHIRE.
+
+A short time ago, one of those remarkable remains of a very remote
+antiquity, and called by the country-people Picts' Houses, Yird, Eirde, or
+Erde houses, was discovered by Mr. Douglass, farmer, Culsh, in the parish
+of Tarland, Aberdeenshire, near his farm-steading, on the property of our
+noble Premier. It is a subterranean vault, of a form approaching the
+semicircular, but elongated at the farther end. Its extreme length is
+thirty-eight feet; its breadth at the entrance a little more than two feet,
+gradually widening towards the middle, where the width is about six feet,
+and it continues at about that average. The height is from five and a half
+to six feet. The sides are built with stones, some of them in the bottom
+very large; the roof is formed of large stones, six or seven feet long, and
+some of them weighing above a ton and a half. They must have been brought
+from the neighbouring hill of Saddle-lick, about two miles distant, being
+of a kind of granite not found nearer the spot. The floor is formed of the
+native rock (hornblende), and is very uneven. When discovered it was full
+of earth, and in the process of excavation there was found some wood ashes,
+fragments of a glass bottle, and an earthenware jar (modern), some small
+fragments of bones, and one or two teeth of a ruminant animal, and the
+upper stone of a querne (hand-corn-mill, mica schist), together with a
+small fragment, probably of the lower stone. But, alas! there were no
+hieroglyphics or cuneiform inscriptions to assist the antiquary in his
+researches. These underground excavations have been found in various
+parishes in Aberdeenshire, as well as in several of the neighbouring
+counties. In the parish of Old Deer, about fifty years ago, a whole village
+of them was come upon; and about the same time, in a den at the back of
+Stirlinghill, in the parish of Peterhead, one was discovered which
+contained some fragments of bones and several flint arrow-heads, and
+battle-axes in the various stages of manufacture. In no case, however, have
+any of those previously discovered been of the same magnitude as the one
+described above. They were generally of from twelve to fifteen feet in
+length, and from three to four feet in height, and some only six feet in
+length, so that this must have been in its day (when?) a rather
+aristocratic affair. Have any similar excavations been found in England?
+The earliest mention of the parish of Tarland, of which there is any
+account, is in a charter granted by Moregun, Earl of Mar, to the Canons of
+St. Andrews, of the Church of S. Machulnoche (S. Mochtens, Bishop and
+Confessor) of Tharuclund, with its tithes and oblations, its land and mill,
+and timber from the Earl's woods for the buildings of the canons, A.D.
+1165-71; and a charter of King William the Lion, and one of Eadward, Bishop
+of Aberdeen, both of same date, confirming the said grant.
+
+ABREDONENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Legends of the County Clare._--How Fuen-Vic-Couil (Fingall) obtained the
+knowledge of future events.--Once upon a time, when Fuen-Vic-Couil was
+young, he fell into the hands of a giant, and was compelled to serve him
+for seven years, during which time the giant was fishing for the salmon
+which had this property--that whoever ate the first bit of it he would
+obtain the gift of prophecy; and during the seven years the only
+nourishment which the giant could take was after this manner: a sheaf of
+oats was placed to windward of him, and he held a needle before his mouth,
+and lived on the nourishment that was blown from the sheaf of corn through
+the eye of the needle. At length, when the seven years were passed, the
+giant's perseverance was rewarded, and he caught the famous salmon and gave
+it to Fuen-Vic-Couil to roast, with threats of instant destruction if he
+allowed any accident to happen to it. Fuen-Vic-Couil hung the fish before
+the fire by a string, but, like Alfred in a similar situation, being too
+much occupied with his own reflections, forgot to turn the fish, so that a
+blister rose on the side of it. Terrified at the probable consequences of
+his carelessness, he attempted to press down the blister with his thumb,
+and feeling the smart caused by the burning fish, by a natural action put
+the injured member into his mouth. A morsel of the fish adhered to his
+thumb, and immediately he received the knowledge for which the giant had
+toiled so long in vain. Knowing that his master would kill him if he
+remained, he fled, and was soon pursued by the giant breathing vengeance:
+the chace was long, but whenever he was in danger of being caught, his
+thumb used to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he always obtained
+knowledge how to escape, until at last he succeeded in putting out the
+giant's eyes and killing him; and always afterwards, when in difficulty or
+danger, his thumb used to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he
+obtained knowledge how to escape.
+
+Compare this legend with the legend of Ceridwen, Hanes Taliessin,
+_Mabinogion_, vol. iii. pp. 322, 323., the coincidence of which is very
+curious. Where also did Shakspeare get the {265} speech he makes one of the
+witches utter in _Macbeth_:
+
+ "By the _pricking of my thumbs_,
+  Something wicked this way comes."
+
+FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
+
+_Devonshire Cures for the Thrush._--"Take three rushes from any running
+stream, and pass them separately through the mouth of the infant: then
+plunge the rushes again into the stream, and as the current bears them
+away, so will the thrush depart from the child."
+
+Should this, as is not unlikely, prove ineffectual, "Capture the nearest
+duck that can be met with, and place its mouth, wide open, within the mouth
+of the sufferer. The cold breath of the duck will be inhaled by the child,
+and the disease will gradually, and as I have been informed, not the less
+surely, take its departure."
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HERALDIC NOTES.
+
+_Arms of Granville._--The meaning of the peculiar bearing which, since the
+thirteenth century, has appertained to this noble family, has always been a
+matter of uncertainty to heraldic writers: it has been variously blazoned
+as a clarion, clavicord, organ-rest, lance-rest, and sufflue. The majority
+of heralds, ancient and modern, term it a clarion without quite defining
+what a clarion is: that it is meant for a musical instrument (probably a
+kind of hand-organ), I have very little doubt; for, in the woodcut Mrs.
+Jameson gives in her _Legends of the Madonna_ (p. 19.) of Piero Laurati's
+painting of the "Maria Coronata," the uppermost angel on the left is
+represented as carrying an instrument exactly similar to this charge as it
+is usually drawn. The date of this painting is 1340. This is probably about
+the date of the painted glass window in the choir of Tewkesbury Abbey
+Church, where Robert Earl of Gloucester bears three of these clarions on
+his surcoat; and upon a careful examination of these, I was convinced that
+they were intended to represent instruments similar to that carried by the
+angel in Laurati's painting.
+
+_Arms of Richard, King of the Romans._--This celebrated man, the second son
+of King John, Earl of Cornwall and Poictou, was elected King of the Romans
+at Frankfort on St. Hilary's Day (Jan. 13th) 1256. His earldom of Cornwall
+was represented by--Argent, a lion rampant gules crowned or; his earldom of
+Poictou by a bordure sable, bezant�e, or rather of peas (_poix_) in
+reference to the name _Poictou_; and as king of the Romans he is said to
+have borne these arms upon the breast of the German double-headed eagle
+displayed sable, which represented that dignity. I do not recollect having
+seen them under this last form, but I have "made a Note of" several other
+variations I have met with:--
+
+1. In Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire, in painted glass: Argent, a lion
+rampant, gules crowned or, within a bordure sable bezant�e.
+
+2. On the seal of a charter granted by the earl to the monks of Okeburry: a
+lion rampant crowned. No bordure.
+
+3. On an encaustic tile in the old Singing-school at Worcester: A lion
+rampant _not_ crowned, with a bordure bezant�e. Another tile has the eagle,
+single-headed, displayed.
+
+4. Encaustic tiles at Woodperry, Oxfordshire: A row of tiles with the lion
+rampant, apparently within a bordure, but without the bezants; followed by
+another row which has the eagle displayed, but not double-headed.
+
+5. On an encaustic tile at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, founded by him:
+The double-headed eagle only, _countercharged_.
+
+6. On a tile in the Priory Church of Great Malvern: The double-headed eagle
+displayed, within a circular bordure bezant�e.
+
+7. On a tile which I have seen, but cannot just now recollect where: The
+double-headed eagle, bezant�e, without any bordure.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A curious instance of ex-officio arms added to the paternal coat, occurs on
+the monument of Dr. Samuel Blythe, at the east end of St. Edward's Church,
+Cambridge. He was Master of Clare Hall, and in this example his paternal
+arms--Argent, a chevron gules, between three lions rampant sable--occupy
+the lower part of the shield, being divided at the fess point by something
+like an inverted chevron, from the arms of Clare Hall, which thus occupy
+the upper half of the shield. The date is 1713. Is this way of dividing the
+arms a blunder of the painter's, or can any of your readers point out a
+similar instance?
+
+NORRIS DECK.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Difficulty of avoiding Coincident Suggestions on the Text of
+Shakspeare._--A correspondent in Vol. viii., p. 193., is somewhat
+unnecessarily severe on MR. COLLIER and MR. SINGER, for having overlooked
+some suggestions in Jackson's work: the enormous number of useless
+conjectures in that publication rendering it so tedious and unprofitable to
+consider them attentively, the student is apt to think his time better
+engaged in investigating other sources of information. I think, therefore,
+little of MR. COLLIER overlooking the few coincident suggestions in
+Jackson, which are smaller in number than I had anticipated; the real cause
+for wonder consisting in the ignoring so many conjectures that have been
+treated of years ago, often at great length, by some of the {266} most
+distinguished critics this country has produced. Generally speaking,
+however, there is in these matters such a tendency for reproduction, I
+should for one hesitate to accuse any critic of intentional unfairness,
+merely because he puts forth conjectures as new, when they have been
+previously published; and I have found so many of my own attempts at
+emendation, thought to be original, in other sources, that I now hesitate
+at introducing any as novel. These attempts, like most others, have only
+resulted occasionally in one that will bear the test of examination after
+it has been placed aside, and carefully considered when the impression of
+novelty has worn off. I think we may safely appeal to all critics who
+occupy themselves much with conjectural criticism, and ask them if TIME
+does not frequently impair the complacency with which they regard their
+efforts on their first production.
+
+Vol. viii., p. 216., contains more instances of coincident suggestions,
+R. H. C. indulging in two conjectures, both supported very ably, but in the
+perfect unconsciousness that the first, _rude day's_, was long since
+mentioned by Mr. Dyce, in his _Remarks_, 1844, p. 172., and that the
+second, the change of punctuation in _All's Well that Ends Well_, is the
+reading adopted by Theobald, and it is also introduced by Mr. Knight in the
+text of his "National Edition," p 262., and has, I believe, been mentioned
+elsewhere. It may be said that this kind of repetition might be obviated by
+the publication of the various readings that have been suggested in the
+text of Shakspeare, but who is there to be found Quixotic enough to
+undertake so large and thankless a task, one which at best can only be most
+imperfectly executed: the materials being so scattered, and often so
+worthless, the compiler would, I imagine, abandon the design before he had
+made great progress in it. No fair comparison can be entertained in this
+respect between the text of Shakspeare and the texts of the classic
+authors. What has happened to R. H. C., happens, as I am about to show, to
+all who indulge in conjectural criticism.
+
+Any reader who will take a quantity of disputed passages in Shakspeare, and
+happens to be ignorant of what has been suggested by others, will discover
+that, in most of the cases, if he merely tries his skill on a few simple
+permutations of the letters, he will in one way or another stumble on the
+suggested words. Let us take, for example, what may be considered in its
+way as one of the most incomprehensible lines in Shakspeare--"Will you go,
+_An-heires_?" the last word being printed with a capital. Running down with
+the vowels from _a_, we get at once an apparently plausible suggestion,
+"Will you go _on here_?" but a little consideration will show how extremely
+unlikely this is to be the genuine reading, and that Mr. Dyce is correct in
+preferring _Mynheers_--a suggestion which belongs to Theobald, and not, as
+he mentions, to Hanmer. But what I maintain is, that _on here_ would be the
+correction that would occur to most readers, in all probability to be at
+once dismissed. MR. COLLIER, however, says "it is singular that nobody
+seems ever to have conjectured that _on here_ might be concealed under
+_An-heires_;" and it would have been singular had this been the case, but
+the suggestion of _on here_ is to be found in Theobald's common edition.
+Oddly enough, about a year before MR. COLLIER'S volume appeared, it was
+again suggested as if it were new.
+
+Let us select a still more palpable instance (_Measure for Measure_, Act
+II. Sc. 1.): "If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll rent the fairest
+house in it after threepence a _bay_." If this reading be wrong, which I do
+not admit, the second change in the first letter creates an obvious
+alteration, _day_, making at least some sort of sense, if not the correct
+one. Some years ago, I was rash enough to suggest _day_, not then observing
+the alteration was to be found in Pope's edition, and MR. COLLIER has
+fallen into the same oversight, when he gives it as one of the corrector's
+new emendations. I regard these oversights as very pardonable, and
+inseparable from any extensive attempt to correct the state of the text.
+All Shakspearian conjectures either anticipate or are anticipated.
+
+Mr. Dyce being _par excellence_ the most judicious verbal critic of the
+day, it will scarcely be thought egotistical to claim for myself the
+priority for one of his emendations--"_Avoid thee_, friend," in the _Few
+Notes_, p. 31., a reading I had mentioned in print before the appearance of
+that work. This is merely one of the many evidences that all verbal
+conjecturers must often stumble on the same suggestions. Even the MS.
+corrector's alteration of the passage is not new, it being found in Pope's
+and in several other editions of the last century; another circumstance
+that exhibits the great difficulty and danger of asserting a conjecture to
+be absolutely unknown.
+
+J. O. HALLIWELL
+
+P.S. The subject is, of course, capable of almost indefinite extension, but
+the above hasty notes will probably occupy as much space as you would be
+willing to spare for its consideration.
+
+_Alcides' Shoes._--There is merit, in my opinion, in elucidating, if it
+were only a single word in our great dramatist. Even the attempt, though
+mayhap a failure, is laudable. I therefore have made, and shall make, hit
+or miss, some efforts that way. For example, I now grapple with that very
+odd line--
+
+ "As great Alcides' shoes upon an ass."--_King John_, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+out of which no one has as yet extracted, or I think ever will extract, any
+good meaning: _Argal_, {267} it is corrupt. Now it appears to me that the
+critic who proposed to read _shows_, came very near the truth, and would
+have hit it completely if he had retained _Alcides'_, for it is the
+genitive with _robe_ understood. To explain:
+
+Austria has on him the "skin-coat" of Coeur-de-Lion, and Blanch cries,--
+
+ "O! well did he become that lion's robe,
+  That did disrobe the lion of that robe."
+
+"It lies," observes the Bastard,
+
+ "It lies as sightly on the back of him (_Austria_)
+  As great Alcides' (_robe_) shows upon an ass:--
+  But, ass, I'll take that burden from your back," &c.
+
+Were it not that _doth_ is the usual word in this play, I might be tempted
+to read _does_. In reading or acting, then, the _c�sura_ should be made at
+_Alcides'_, with a slight pause to give the hearer time to supply _robe_. I
+need not say that the robe is the lion's skin, and that there is an
+allusion to the fable of the ass.
+
+Now to justify this reading. Our ancestors knew nothing of our mode of
+making genitives by turned commas. They formed the gen. sing., and nom. and
+gen. pl., by simply adding _s_ to the nom. sing.; thus king made _kings_,
+_kings_, _kings_ (not _king's_, _kings_, _kings'_), and the context gave
+the case. If the noun ended in _se_, _ce_, _she_, or _che_, the addition of
+_s_ added a syllable, as _horses_, _princes_, &c., but it was not always
+added. Shakspeare, for example, uses _Lucrece_ and _cockatrice_ as
+genitives. I find the first instances of such words as _James's_, &c.,
+about the middle of the seventeenth century, but I am not deeply read in
+old books, so it may have been used earlier.
+
+In foreign words like _Alcides_, no change ever took place; it was the same
+for all numbers and cases, and the explanation was left to the context.
+Here are a couple of examples from Shakspeare himself:
+
+ "My fortunes every way as fairly ranked--
+  If not with vantage--as Demetrius."--_Midsummer Night's Dream_, Act I.
+      Sc. 1.
+
+    "To Brutus, to Cassius. Burn all. Some to Decius house, and some to
+    Cascas; some to Ligarius. Away! go!"--_Julius C�sar_, Act III. Sc. 3.
+
+All here are genitives, as well as _Cascas_. If any doubt, Brutus and
+Cassius, we have just been told, "Are rid like madmen through the gates of
+Rome," so _they_ could not be burned. I say now, _judicet lector_!
+
+I must not neglect to add that there was another mode of forming the
+genitive, namely, by the possessive pronoun, as _the king his palace_. "A
+fly that flew into my _mistress_ her eye," is the title of one of Carew's
+poems.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Longfellow's Poetical Works._--One of the best printed editions of
+Longfellow's _Poetical Works_ which has appeared in England is ushered in
+by "An Introductory Essay" by the Rev. G. Gilfillan, A.M. I had lived in
+hopes, through each successive edition, that either the good taste of the
+publishers would strike out the preface entirely, or the amended taste of
+its author curtail some of its redundancies. As neither has been the case,
+but the 4th edition of the book now lies before me, I beg to offer the
+following examples:
+
+1. Of Ancient History:
+
+    "His [Longfellow's] ornaments, unlike those of the _Sabine_ maid, have
+    not crushed him."
+
+2. Of Modern History--_Dickens a Poet_:
+
+    "A prophet may wrap himself up in austere and mysterious solitude: a
+    poet must come 'eating and drinking.' Thus came Shakspeare, Dryden,
+    Burns, Scott, G�the; and thus have come in our day, _Dickens_, Hood,
+    and Longfellow."
+
+Is the song of "The Ivy Green" in _Pickwick_ sufficient to justify this
+appellation? I do not remember any other "Poem" by Charles Dickens.
+
+3. Of Metaphors. Out of sixteen pages it is difficult to make a selection,
+but the following are striking:
+
+    "If not a prophet, _torn by a secret burden, and uttering it_ in wild
+    tumultuous strains,... he has found inspiration ... in the legends of
+    other lands, whose _native vein_, in itself exquisite, has been _highly
+    cultivated_ and _delicately cherished_."
+
+    "Excelsion," we are told, "is one of those happy thoughts which seem to
+    drop down, like fine days, from some serener region, or _like moultings
+    of the celestial dove_, which _meet instantly the ideal_ of all minds,
+    _and run on afterwards_, and for ever, _in the current of the human
+    heart_."
+
+Does not this almost come up to Lord Castlereagh's famous metaphor? It
+certainly goes beyond Mr. Gilfillan's own praise of Longfellow, whose
+sentiment is described as "never false, nor strained, nor mawkish. It is
+_always mild_,... and _sometimes_ it _approaches the sublime_." Mr. G. goes
+one step farther.
+
+W. W.
+
+Northamptonshire.
+
+_Sir Walter Raleigh._--I find the following remonstrance in defence of this
+distinguished man, against the imputation of Hume, in a letter addressed by
+Dr. Parr to Charles Butler:
+
+    "Why do you follow Hume in representing Raleigh as an infidel? For
+    Heaven's sake, dear Sir, look to his preface to his _History of the
+    World_; look at his _Letters_, in a little 18mo., and here, but here
+    only, you will find a tract [entitled The Sceptic], which led Hume to
+    talk of Raleigh as an unbeliever. It is an epitome of the principles of
+    the old sceptics; and to me, who, like Dr. Clarke and Mr. Hume, am a
+    reader {268} of Sextus Empiricus, it is very intelligible. Indeed, Mr.
+    Butler, it is a most ingenious performance. But mark me well: it is a
+    mere _lusus ingenii_."
+
+Mr. Butler appends this note:
+
+    "Mr. Fox assured the Reminiscent, that either he, or Mrs. Fox to him,
+    had read aloud the whole, with a small exception, of Sir Walter
+    Raleigh's History."--Butler's _Reminiscences_, vol. ii. p. 232.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Curious Advertisement._--The following genuine advertisement is copied
+from a recent number of the _Connecticut Courant_, published at Hartford in
+America:
+
+ "Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,
+  She has left me in a lonesome mood;
+  She has left my board,
+  She has took my bed,
+  She has gave away my meat and bread,
+  She has left me in spite of friends and church,
+  She has carried with her all my shirts.
+  Now ye who read this paper,
+  Since she cut this reckless caper,
+  I will not pay one single fraction
+  For any debts of her contraction.
+                  LEVI ROCKWELL.
+  East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."
+
+G. M. B.
+
+_Gravestone Inscription._--I send an inscription on a gravestone in
+Northill churchyard, Bedfordshire, which is now nearly obliterated, given
+me by the Rev. John Taddy:
+
+ "Life is a city full of crooked streets,
+  Death is the market-place where all men meets.
+  If life were merchandise which men could buy,
+  The rich would only live, the poor would die."
+
+JULIA R. BOCKETT.
+
+Southcote Lodge.
+
+_Monumental Inscription._--
+
+    "Here lyeth the body of the most noble Elizabeth, daughter of John of
+    Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, own sister to King Henry the Fourth, wife of
+    John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after married to
+    Sir John Cornwall, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Fanhope. She died the
+    4th year of Henry the Sixth, Anno Domini 1426."
+
+The above is on a monument in Burford Church, in the county of Salop, and
+will perhaps be interesting to your correspondent MR. HARDY.
+
+Burford Church, in which there are several other interesting monuments, is
+situated in the luxuriant valley of the Teme, about eight miles south-east
+of Ludlow.
+
+A SALOPIAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SIR PHILIP WARWICK.
+
+    "A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and the
+    Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694."
+
+    "Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &c., 8vo.: London, 1702."
+
+To one or the other of these publications there was prefixed a preface
+which, as giving offence to the government, was suppressed. I agree with
+Mr. Bindley, who says (writing to Mr. Granger),
+
+    "The account you have given in your books of the _suppressed preface_
+    to Sir Philip Warwick's _Memoirs_, is an anecdote too curious not to
+    make one wish it _authenticated_."--_Letters to Mr. Granger_, p. 389.
+
+The statement of Granger is adopted also by the Edinburgh editor of the
+_Memoirs_ in 1813 (query, Sir W. Scott?), who says in his preface,
+
+    "These Memoirs were first published by the learned Dr. Thomas Smith, a
+    nonjuring divine, distinguished by oriental learning, and his writings
+    concerning the Greek Church. The learned editor added a preface so much
+    marked by his political principles, that he was compelled to _alter and
+    retrench it_, for fear of a prosecution at the instance of the
+    crown."--_Preface_, p. ix.
+
+So far as concerns the _Memoirs_. But in a note prefixed to a copy of the
+_Discourse of Government_, now in the Bodleian among Malone's books, and in
+his handwriting, it is stated,--
+
+    "This book was published by Dr. Thomas Smith, the learned writer
+    concerning the Greek Church. The preface, not being agreeable to the
+    Court at the time it was published (the 5th year of William III.), was
+    suppressed by authority, but is found in this and a few other copies.
+    Granger says (vol. iv. p. 60., vol. v. p. 267., new edit.) that this
+    preface by Dr. Smith was prefixed to Sir P. W.'s _Memoirs of Charles
+    I._; but this is a mistake. Whether Smith was the editor of the
+    _Memoirs_ I know not.--EDMOND MALONE."
+
+The obnoxious preface is assigned to the _Discourse of Government_ also, by
+a writer in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1790, p. 509., where is a
+portrait of Warwick, and a notice of his life.
+
+The Edinburgh editor of the _Memoirs_ gives the _original preface_ of that
+work, which presents nothing at which exception could be taken. But as my
+copy of the _Discourse_ is one of the few which (according to Malone)
+retains the address of "the publisher to the reader," I transcribe the
+following passages, which perhaps will sufficiently explain the suppression
+in 1694:
+
+    "As to the disciples and followers of Buchanan, Hobbs and Milton, who
+    have exceeded their masters in downright impudence, scurrility, and
+    lying, and the new modellers of commonwealths, who, under a zealous
+    pretence of securing the rights of a _fancied original contract_
+    against the encroachments of monarchs, are sowing the seeds of eternal
+    disagreements, confusions, {269} and bloody wars throughout the world
+    (for the influence of evil principles hath no bounds, but, like
+    infectious air, spreads everywhere), the peaceable, sober, truly
+    Christian, and Church-of-England doctrine contained in this book, so
+    directly contrary to their furious, mad, unchristian, and fanatical
+    maxims, it cannot otherwise be expected but that they will soon be
+    alarmed, and betake themselves to their usual arts of slander and
+    reviling, and grow very fierce and clamorous upon it. Whatever shall
+    happen," &c.
+
+Subsequently the author is spoken of as
+
+    "A gentlemen of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great and vast
+    understanding, and of a very solid judgement; a true son of the Church
+    of England, and _consequently a zealous asserter and defender of the
+    truly Christian and apostolical doctrine of non-resistance_; always
+    loyal and faithful to the king his master in the worst of times," &c.
+
+After these specimens, there will be little difficulty, I think, in
+determining that Granger was mistaken in describing the preface to the
+_Memoirs_ as that which was suppressed, and that it was the publisher's
+"address to the reader" of the _Discourse_ which incurred that sentence.
+Dr. Thomas Smith appears to have edited both works; and in the same address
+informs us of other works of Warwick in
+
+    "Divinity, philosophy, history, especially that of England, practical
+    devotion, and the like. This I now publish [the _Discourse_] was
+    written in the year 1678 (and designed as an appendix to his _Memoirs
+    of the Reign of King Charles the First_, of most blessed memory, which
+    hereafter may see the light, when more auspicious times shall encourage
+    and favour the publication), which he, being very exact and curious in
+    his compositions, did often refine upon," &c.
+
+It may be well to inquire whether any of these theological or philosophical
+lucubrations are yet extant. Was Sir Philip connected at all with Dr.
+Smith, or was he descended from Arthur Warwick, author of _Spare Minutes_?
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH.
+
+I shall be exceedingly obliged by any explanatory remarks on the following
+list of seals:--
+
+1. Oval (size 2.1 in. by 1.3). The angel Gabriel kneeling before a standing
+figure of the Virgin, and holding a scroll, on which is inscribed AVE
+MARIA. Legend:
+
+    * [cross] S. HOS * PITALIS * IER * NE * NACH.
+
+Yarmouth was anciently called Gernemutha, or Iernemutha; and Ives
+attributes this seal to Yarmouth, though both the legend and the
+workmanship have a decidedly foreign appearance.
+
+Can any more satisfactory locality be assigned it?
+
+2. Circular (1 in. in diameter). Three fishes naiant (the arms of
+Yarmouth), within a bordure of six cusps. Legend:
+
+  SAAL D' ASAI D' GRANT GARNAMVT.
+
+Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has been
+employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until 1847.
+
+Can it have reference to the staple? (Vid. Statutes at Large, Anne; 27 Ed.
+III. stat. 2.; 43 Ed. III. cap. 1.; 14 Ric. II. cap. 1.)
+
+3. Circular (size 1.1 in. diameter). On an escutcheon a herring hauriant;
+the only instance of this bearing in connection with Yarmouth. Legend:
+
+    S. OFFIC : CORROTULAT : � : NOVE : IERNMUTH.
+
+Of this seal nothing whatever is known. Its workmanship is of the fifteenth
+century. The suggested extension of the legend is "Sigillum officii
+contrarotulatoris"--in nova Jernemutha, or in _nave_ Jernemuthe. But was
+Yarmouth ever called _nova Gernemutha_? or what was the office alluded to?
+
+The above are required for a literary purpose; and as speedy an answer as
+possible would much oblige me.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Hand in Bishop Canning's Church._--In Bishop Canning's Church, Wilts, is a
+curious painting of a hand outstretched, and having on the fingers and
+thumb several inscriptions in abbreviated Latin. Can any correspondent tell
+me when and why this was placed in the church; and also the inscriptions
+which appear thereon?
+
+RUSSELL GOLE.
+
+_"I put a spoke in his wheel."_--What is the meaning of the phrase, "I put
+a spoke in his wheel?"
+
+In April last, a petition was heard in the Rolls Court on the part of the
+trustees of Manchester New College, praying that they might be allowed to
+remove that institution to London; and a single trustee was heard against
+such removal. One of the friends of the college was on this occasion heard
+to remark, "the removal to London was going on very smoothly, and it would
+have been done by this time, if this one trustee had not _put his spoke in
+the wheel_:" meaning, that the conscientious scruple of this trustee was
+the sole _impediment to the movement_. Is this the _customary_ and proper
+mode of using the phrase; and, if so, how can putting a spoke to a wheel
+impede its motion?
+
+On the other hand, having heard some persons say that they had always
+understood the phrase to denote affording _help_ to an undertaking, and
+confidently allege that this must be the _older_ and {270} more correct
+usage, for "what," say they, "is a wheel without spokes?" I inquired of an
+intelligent lady, of long American descent, in what way she had been
+accustomed to hear the phrase employed, and the answer was "Certainly as a
+help: we used to say to one who had anything in hand of difficult
+accomplishment, 'Do not be faint-hearted, I'll give you a spoke.'"
+
+Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of his _Dictionary_, 1755, after defining
+a spoke to be the "bar of a wheel that passes from the nave to the felly,"
+cites:
+
+ "    .    .    .    .       All you gods,
+  In general synod, take away her power,
+  Break all the _spokes_ and fellies to her wheel,
+  And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."--_Shakspeare_.
+
+G. K.
+
+_Sir W. Hewit._--At p. 159. of Mr. Thoms's recent edition of Pulleyn's
+_Etymological Compendium_, Sir W. Hewit, the father-in-law of Edward
+Osborne, who was destined to found the ducal family of Leeds, is said to
+have been "a pin-maker." Some other accounts state that he was a
+clothworker; others again, that he was a goldsmith. Which is correct; and
+what is the authority? And where may any pedigree of the Osborne family,
+_previous to Edward_, be seen?
+
+H. T. GRIFFITH.
+
+_Passage in Virgil._--Dr. Johnson, in his celebrated Letter to Lord
+Chesterfield, says, in reference to the hollowness of patronage: "The
+shepherd, in Virgil, grew at last acquainted with Love; and found him a
+native of the rocks." To what passage in Virgil does Johnson here refer,
+and what is the point intended to be conveyed?
+
+R. FITZSIMONS.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Fauntleroy._--In Binns' _Anatomy of Sleep_ it is stated that a few years
+ago an affidavit was taken in an English court of justice, to the effect
+that Fauntleroy was still living in a town of the United States.
+
+Can any of your correspondents refer me to the circumstance in question?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Animal Prefixes, descriptive of Size and Quality._--Will somebody oblige
+me by pointing out in the modern languages any analogous instances to the
+Greek [Greek: bon], English _horse_-radish, _dog_-rose, _bull_-finch, &c.?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Punning Devices._--Sir John Cullum, in his _Hist. of Hawsted_, 1st edit.
+p. 114., says that the seal of Sir William Clopton, knight, t. Hen. VII.,
+was "a ton, out of which issues some plant, perhaps a _caltrop_, which
+might be contracted to the first syllable of his name." This appears to be
+too violent a contraction. Can any of your readers suggest any other or
+closer analogy between the name and device?
+
+BURIENSIS.
+
+"_Pinece with a stink._"--In Archbishop Bramhall's _Schism Guarded_
+(written against Serjeant) there is a passage in which the above curious
+expression occurs, and of which I can find no satisfactory, nor indeed any
+explanation whatever. The passage is this (_Works_, vol. ii. p. 545., edit.
+Ox.):
+
+    "But when he is baffled in the cause, he hath a reserve,--that
+    Venerable Bede, and Gildas, and Foxe in his Acts and Monuments, do
+    brand the Britons for wicked men, making them 'as good as Atheists; of
+    which gang if this Dinoth were one,' he 'will neither wish the Pope
+    such friends, nor envy them to the Protestants.'
+
+    "What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend
+    himself like a _pinece with a stink_? We read no other character of
+    Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."
+
+Can any of your readers furnish an explanation?
+
+R. BLAKISTON.
+
+_Soiled Parchment Deeds._--Having in my possession some old and very dirty
+parchment deeds, and other records, now almost illegible from the
+accumulation of grease, &c., on the surface of the skins, I am desirous to
+know if there be any "royal road" to the cleansing and restoration of these
+otherwise enduring MSS.?
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+_Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s Cheshire Collection._--Can any of your
+correspondents say where the original collection made by the above-named
+gentleman, or a copy of them, referred to in Dr. Foote Gower's _Sketch of
+the Materials for a Cheshire History_, may now be met with?
+
+CESTRIENSIS.
+
+_Cambridge and Ireland._--In the first volume of the _Pictorial History of
+England_, p. 270., it is stated that--
+
+    "Martin skins are mentioned in _Domesday Book_ among the commodities
+    brought by sea to Chester; and this appears from other authorities to
+    have been one of the exports in ancient times from Ireland. Notices are
+    also found of merchants from Ireland _landing at Cambridge_ with
+    cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."
+
+The authority quoted for this statement is Turner, vol. iii. p. 113.
+
+On referring to Turner's _Anglo-Saxons_, I find it stated:
+
+    "We read of merchants from Ireland _landing at Cambridge_ with cloths,
+    and exposing their merchandise to sale."
+
+Mr. Turner refers to Gale, vol. ii. p. 482.
+
+I do not know to what work Mr. Turner refers, unless to Gale's _Rerum
+Anglicarum Scriptores {271} Veteres_; on examining this I can find no
+passage at the page and volume indicated, on the subject.
+
+Can any of your readers state where it is to be found? It appears
+remarkable that the merchants from Ireland should land at the inland town
+of Cambridge, and it seems a probable conjecture that Cambridge is a
+mistake for Cambria.
+
+William of Malmesbury speaks of a commerce between Ireland and the
+neighbourhood of Chester, and it seems much more probable that the
+merchants of Ireland landed in Wales than in Cambridge.
+
+JOHN THRUPP.
+
+_Derivation of Celt._--What is the proper derivation of the word _celt_, as
+applied to certain weapons of antiquity? A good authority, in Dr. Smith's
+_Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, p. 351., obtains the term
+from--
+
+    "Celtes, an old Latin word for a chisel, probably derived from c�lo, to
+    engrave."
+
+Mr. Wright (_The Celt, Roman, and Saxon_, p. 73.) says that Hearne first
+applied the word to such implements in _bronze_, believing them to be
+"Roman _celtes_ or chisels;" and that--
+
+    "Subsequent writers, ascribing these instruments to the Britons, have
+    retained the name, forgetting its origin, and have applied it
+    indiscriminately, not only to other implements of bronze, but even to
+    the analogous instruments of _stone_."
+
+And he objects to the term "as too generally implying that things to which
+it is applied are Celtic." On the other hand, Dr. Wilson (_Prehistoric
+Annals_, p. 129.) prefers to retain the word, inasmuch as the Welsh
+etymologists, Owen and Spurrell, furnish an ancient Cambro-British word
+_celt_, a flint stone. M. Worsaae (_Primeval Antiq._, p. 26.) confines the
+term to those instruments of bronze which have a hollow socket to receive a
+wooden handle; the other forms being called paalstabs on the Continent. It
+seems clear that there is no connexion between this word and the name of
+the nation (_Celt�_); but its true origin may perhaps be elicited by a
+little discussion in the pages of "N. & Q."
+
+C. R. M.
+
+_Ancient Superstition against the King of England entering or even
+beholding the Town of Leicester._--The existence of a superstition to this
+effect is recorded in Rishanger's _Chronicle_, and also, as I am informed,
+in that of Thomas Wikes; but this I have not at present an opportunity of
+consulting.
+
+Rishanger's words are:
+
+    "Rex [Henricus III.] autem, capta Norhamptun., Leycestr. tendens, in ea
+    hospitatus est, quam nullus regni pr�ter eum etiam videre,
+    prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiose, pr�sumpsit."--P. 26.
+
+It is also mentioned by Matthew of Westminster. (Vide Bohn's edition, vol.
+ii. p. 412.) The statement, that no king before Henry III. had entered the
+town, is however incorrect, as William the Conqueror and King John are
+instances to the contrary.
+
+Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of this superstition, or
+favour me with any farther notices respecting it?
+
+It is not unworthy of observation that very many of the royal personages
+who have visited Leicester, have been either unfortunate in their lives, or
+have met with tragical deaths.
+
+We may, however, hope, for the credit of the town, that their misfortunes
+may be attributed to other causes, rather than to their presence within its
+time-hallowed walls.
+
+WM. KELLY.
+
+Leicester.
+
+_Burton._--Is there any family of this name who can make out a descent
+from, or connexion with, a Mr. John Burton, alderman of Doncaster, who died
+1718?
+
+C. J.
+
+_The Camera Lucida._--I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. & Q."
+who would be kind enough to answer the following questions, and refer me to
+any work treating of the handling and management of the Camera Lucida. I
+have one made by King of Bristol, and purchased about thirty years ago: it
+draws out, like a telescope, in three pieces, each six inches long; and at
+full length will give a picture of the dimensions of twenty inches by
+twelve. The upper piece is marked from above downwards, thus: at two inches
+below the lens, "2;" at an inch below that point, "3;" at half an inch
+lower, "4;" at half an inch lower still, "5;" half an inch below the point
+"5," a "7" is marked; and half an inch below the "7," there is a "10;" at
+seven-eighths below this last, "D" is marked. What reference have these
+nicely graduated points to the distance of an object from the instrument?
+Do the figures merely determine the size of the picture to be taken? How is
+one to be guided in their use and application to practice?
+
+CARET.
+
+_Francis Moore._--Francis Moore was born at Bakewell about the year 1592,
+and was Proctor of Lichfield Cathedral at the time of the Great Rebellion.
+I am anxious to know who were his parents, and what their place of abode.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle._--What were the family arms of Dr. John Waugh,
+Bishop of Carlisle, who died October 29, 1734? Was he of a Scotch family,
+and are any of his descendants now living?
+
+RUFUS.
+
+_Palace at Enfield._--We read that there was formerly a royal palace at
+Enfield in Middlesex, ten miles north from London; and one room still {272}
+remains in its original state. Can you, or any of your subscribers, inform
+me whereabouts in the town it is situated? Also, the date of erection of
+the church?
+
+HAZELWOOD.
+
+_"Solamen miseris," &c._--Please to state in what author is the following
+line? No one knows.
+
+    "Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris."
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+_Soke Mills._--Correspondents are requested to communicate the names of
+"Soke" or Manorial Mills, to which the suit is still enforced.
+
+S. M.
+
+_Second Wife of Mallet._--The second wife of Mallet was Lucy Elstob, a
+Yorkshire lady, daughter of a steward of the Earl of Carlisle. Can any of
+your readers inform me at what place in Yorkshire her father resided, and
+where the marriage with Mallet in 1742 took place? She survived her
+husband, and lived to the age of eighty years. Where did she die, and what
+family did Mallet leave by his two wives?
+
+F.
+
+Leamington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Books burned by the Common Hangman._--
+
+    "Historia Anglo-Scotica: or an Impartial History of all that happen'd
+    between the kings and kingdoms of England and Scotland from the
+    beginning of the Reign of _William the Conqueror_ to the Reign of Queen
+    Elizabeth, &c., by James Drake, M.D., 8vo., London, 1703."
+
+Of this work it is said, in a note in the _Catalogue_ of Geo. Chalmers'
+library (fourth day's sale, Sept. 30, 1841), that--
+
+    "On June 30, 1703, the Scotch parliament ordered this book to be burned
+    by the hands of the common hangman, and that the magistrates of
+    Edinburgh should see it carried into effect at eleven o'clock on the
+    following day."
+
+Will any correspondent of yours furnish me with some notice of Dr. Drake,
+the author, and also explain the ground of offence upon which his book was
+condemned? I confess to be unable to discover anything to offend; neither,
+as it seems, could Mr. Surtees, for he says:
+
+    "I quote Drake's _Historia Anglo-Scotica_, 1703, a book which, for what
+    reason I never could discover, was ordered to be burned by the common
+    hangman."--_History of Durham_, vol. iv. p. 55. note _l_.
+
+Any notices of books which have been signalised by being subjected to
+similar condemnation, would much interest me, and perhaps others of your
+readers.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+    [The ground of offence for burning the _Historia Anglo-Scotica_ is
+    stated in _The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland_, vol. xi. p. 66.,
+    viz.: "Ordered, that a book published by the title of _Historia
+    Anglo-Scotica_, by James Drake, M.D., and dedicated to Sir Edward
+    Symour containing many false and injurious reflections upon the
+    sovereignty and independence of this crown and nation, be burnt by the
+    hand of the common hangman at the mercat Cross of Edinburgh, at eleven
+    o'clock to-morrow (July 1, 1703), and the magistrates of Edinburgh
+    appointed to see the order punctually executed." It would appear from
+    the dedication prefixed to this work, that Drake merely pretended to
+    edit it, for he says, that "upon a diligent revisal, in order, if
+    possible, to discover the name of the author, and the age of his
+    writing, he found that it was written in, or at least not finished
+    till, the time of Charles I." But he says nothing more of the MS., nor
+    how it came into his hands. A notice of Dr. Drake is given in
+    Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, and in the preface to _The
+    Memorial of the Church of England_, edit. 1711, which was also burnt by
+    the common hangman in 1705. See "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 519.]
+
+_Captain George Cusack._--It appears by an affidavit made by a Mr. Thomas
+Nugent in the year 1674, and now of record in the Exchequer Record Office,
+Dublin, that--
+
+    "He, being on or about the 20th of September preceding in London, was
+    by one Mr. Patrick Dowdall desired to goe along with him to see one
+    George Cusack, then in prison there for severall hainous offences
+    alleadged to have beene by him committed, which he could not do by
+    reason of other occasions; but having within two or three days
+    afterwards mett with Mr. Dowdall, was told by him that he had since
+    their last meeting seene the said Cusack in prison (being the
+    Marshalsea in Southwark) with bolts on, and that none of Cusack's men
+    who were alsoe in prison were bolted:"
+
+that on the 11th of November Cusack was still in restraint, and not as yet
+come to his trial:
+
+    "That there were _bookes written of the said Cusack's offences_, which
+    he heard cryed about in the streets of London to be sold, and that y^e
+    generall opinion and talke was that the said Cusack should suffer death
+    for his crimes."
+
+By a fragment of an affidavit made by a Mr. Morgan O'Bryen, of the Middle
+Temple, London, it appears that this man was a Captain George Cusack, who,
+I presume, was a pirate. May I take leave to ask, are the above-mentioned
+books in existence, and where are they to be found?
+
+JAMES F. FERGUSON.
+
+Dublin.
+
+    [In the British Museum is the following pamphlet:--"The Grand Pyrate:
+    or the Life and Death of Captain George Cusack, the Great Sea-Robber,
+    with an Accompt of all his notorious Robberies both at Sea and Land;
+    together with his Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution. Taken by an
+    Impartial Hand." London, 1676, pp. 24. 4to.]
+
+_Sir Ralph Winwood._--I am particularly desirous of obtaining some
+information respecting {273} Sir Ralph Winwood, private secretary to James
+I., and should feel much obliged if any of your numerous correspondents
+would favour me with anything they may know concerning him, or with the
+titles of any works in which his name is mentioned.
+
+H. P. W. R.
+
+    [Biographical notices of Sir Ralph Winwood will be found in _Biographia
+    Britannica_, Supplement; Lloyd's _State Worthies_; Wood's _Athen�_;
+    Granger and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionaries. Sir F. Drake's Voyage,
+    by T. Maynarde, is dedicated to him. Letters to him from Sir Thomas
+    Roe, in 1615, 1616, are in the British Museum, Add. MS. 6115. fol. 71.
+    75. 146. And a letter to him from Sir Dudley Carlton will be found in
+    the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lvii. p. 143. The Diaries of the time
+    of James I. may also be consulted; a list of them is given in "N. &
+    Q.," Vol. vi., p. 363.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 93.)
+
+The authority for this ancient custom appears to be derived from an act of
+the Convocation which assembled in 1562. Strype informs us (_Annals_, vol.
+i. c. 27.) that at this Convocation the following injunctions were given:
+
+    "First, That a Catechism be set forth in Latin, which is already done
+    by Mr. Dean of Paul's [Dean Nowell], and wanteth only viewing.
+    Secondly, That certain Articles [the Thirty-nine Articles], containing
+    the principal grounds of Christian religion, be set forth much like to
+    such Articles as were set forth a little before the death of King
+    Edward, of which Articles the most part may be used with additions and
+    corrections as shall be thought convenient. Thirdly, That to these
+    Articles also be adjoined the _Apology_, writ by Bishop Jewell, lately
+    set forth after it, hath been once again revised and so augmented and
+    corrected as occasion serveth. That these be joined in _one_ book; and
+    by common consent authorised as containing true doctrine, and be
+    enjoined to be taught the youth in the Universities and grammar schools
+    throughout the realm, and also in cathedral churches, and collegiate,
+    and in private houses: and that whosoever shall preach, declare, write,
+    or speak anything in derogation, depraving or despising of the said
+    book, or any doctrine therein contained, and be thereof lawfully
+    convicted before any ordinary, &c., he shall be ordered as in case of
+    heresy, or else shall be punished as is appointed for those that offend
+    and speak against the Book of Common Prayer, set forth in the first
+    year of the Queen's Majesty's reign that now is: that is to say, he
+    shall for the first offence forfeit 100 marks; for the second offence,
+    400 marks; and for the third offence, all his goods and chattels, and
+    shall suffer imprisonment during life."
+
+It is probable that this book found a place in churches as affording a
+standard of orthodoxy easy of reference to congregations in times not
+sufficiently remote from the Reformation, to render the preaching of Romish
+doctrines unlikely. This, if the surmise be correct, would be emphatically
+to bring the officiating minister to book. In Prestwich Church, the desk
+yet remains, together with the "Book of Articles," bound up as prescribed
+with Jewel's _Apology_ (black-letter, 1611), but the chain has disappeared.
+The neighbouring church of Bingley has also its desk, to which the chain is
+still attached; but the "Book of Articles" has given place to some more
+modern volume.
+
+JOHN BOOKER.
+
+Prestwich.
+
+MR. SIMPSON will find some account of the _Paraphrase of Erasmus_ so
+chained (of which he says he cannot recal an instance) at Vol i., p. 172.,
+and Vol. v., p. 332.
+
+The following list (remains of which more or less perfect, with chains
+appended, are still extant) will probably be interesting to many of your
+readers:
+
+ "_Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606._
+
+  Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.
+  Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.
+  Origen against Celsus.
+  Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.
+  Lira vpon the Kings, &c.
+  Theophilact vpon the New Testam^t.
+  Beda vpon Luke and other P^{ts} of the Testam^t.
+  Opuscula Augustini, thome x.
+  Augustini Questiones in Nou[=u] Testament[=u].
+  The Paraphrase of Erasmus.
+  The Defence of the Apologye.
+  Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."
+          From Ecclesfield Church accounts.
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+In Malvern Abbey Church is a copy of Dean Comber's _Companion to the
+Temple_, chained to a desk, and bearing a written inscription to the effect
+that it should never be removed out of the church; but should remain
+chained to its desk for ever, for the use of any parishioner who might
+choose to come in and read it there.
+
+N. B. I have mislaid my copy of this inscription: and should feel greatly
+obliged to any of your correspondents who may be residing in or near Great
+Malvern, for a transcript of it. As it may be thought somewhat long for
+your pages, perhaps some correspondent would kindly copy it out for me, and
+inclose it to Rev. H. T. GRIFFITH, Hull.
+
+University Club.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EPITAPHS.
+
+(Vol. vii. _passim._)
+
+A goodly collection of singular epitaphs has appeared in "N. & Q."; but I
+believe it yet lacks {274} a specimen of the following tomfoolery--an
+initial epitaph. Green, in his _History of Worcester_, gives the following
+inscription from a monument under the north-west window of St. Andrew's
+Church in that city:
+
+ "Short of Weight.
+      H L T B O
+         R W
+     I H O A J R
+    A D 1780 A 63."
+
+Green adds the following explanation of this riddle:
+
+    "In _full measure_ it would have stood thus: 'Here Lieth The Body Of
+    Richard Weston, In Hopes Of A Joyful Resurrection. Anno Domini 1780.
+    Aged 63.'"
+
+Richard Weston was a baker, and the "Short of weight" gives the clue to the
+nature of his dealings, and also to the right reading of the epitaph.
+
+The following is from Ombersley Churchyard, Worcestershire:
+
+ "Sharp was her wit,
+    Mild was her nature;
+  A tender wife,
+    A good humoured creature."
+
+From the churchyard of St. John, Worcester:
+
+ "Honest John's
+  Dead and gone."
+
+From the churchyard of Cofton Hackett, Worcestershire, are the two
+following:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of John Galey, sen., in expectation of the Last
+    Day. What sort of man he was that day will discover. He was clerk of
+    this parish fifty-five years. He died in 1756, aged 75."
+
+The next is also to a Galey. Your correspondent PICTOR (Vol. viii., p. 98.)
+gives the same epitaph, slightly altered, as being at Wingfield, Suffolk:
+
+ "Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),
+  An honest man's the noblest work of GOD.
+  If this assertion is from error clear,
+  One of the noblest works of GOD lies here."
+
+From Alvechurch, Worcestershire; to a man and wife:
+
+    "He, an honest, good-natured, worthy man; she, as eminent for conjugal
+    and maternal virtues during her marriage and widowhood, as she had been
+    before for amiable delicacy of person and manners."
+
+The following, which is probably not to be surpassed, appeared in one of
+the earliest numbers of _Household Words_. It is from the churchyard of
+Pewsey, Wiltshire:
+
+    "Here lies the body of Lady O'Looney, great-niece of Burke, commonly
+    called the Sublime. She was bland, passionate, and deeply religious:
+    also, she painted in water-colours, and sent several pictures to the
+    Exhibition. She was first cousin to Lady Jones: and of such is the
+    kingdom of heaven."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+If epitaphs of recent date are admitted in "N. & Q.," perhaps the
+following, upon an editor, which lately appeared in the _Halifax Colonist_,
+may not be out of place in your publication:
+
+ "Here _lies_ an editor!
+    _Snooks_ if you will;
+  In mercy, kind Providence,
+    Let him _lie still_.
+  He _lied_ for his living: so
+    He lived, while he _lied_,
+  When he could not _lie longer_,
+    He _lied_ down, and died."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+ "Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,
+  I believe there never was such another;
+  She had a head to earn and a heart to give,
+  And many poor she did relieve.
+  She lived in virtue and in virtue died,
+  And now in Heaven she doth reside.
+  Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,
+  If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.
+  And when I am lying by her side,
+  Who was in life her daily pride,
+  Tho' she's confined in coffins three,
+  She'd leave them all and come to me!"
+
+The above lines, written on a tablet in a church at Exeter, were composed
+by Mr. Tuckett, tallow-chandler, to the memory of his wife. An old
+subscriber of "N. & Q." thinks this epitaph more strange and curious than
+any which has yet appeared in the columns of that valuable publication.
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 507.)
+
+I copy the following from the fly-leaf of _A Treatise of Ecclesiastical
+Benefices and Revenues_, by the learned Father Paul, translated by Tobias
+Jenkins, 8vo., Westminster, 1736:
+
+    "Bibliotheca de Bassingbourn in Com. Cant. Dono dedit Edvardus
+    Nightingale de Kneeseworth Armiger Filius et Hares Fundatoris. Feb.
+    1^{mo}, 1735^{to}."
+
+How the volume got out of the library I know not: it was purchased some
+years since at a sale in Oxford.
+
+Y. B. N. J.
+
+To the list of parochial libraries allow me to add that of Denchworth, near
+Wantage, Berks. In a small apartment over the porch, the _parvise_, I
+recollect, some years since, to have seen a very fair collection of old
+divinity, the books being, all of them, confined by chains, according to
+the ancient usage, an instance of which I never saw elsewhere. {275}
+
+At St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, there is also a collection of books,
+mostly the gift of the Newtes, Richard (rejected in 1646 and restored in
+1660), and John his son, rectors of the portions of Tidcombe and Clare in
+that church. The books are preserved in a room over the vestry.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+Another _venerable_ archdeacon now living permitted the churchwardens of
+Swaffham to give him a fine copy of Cranmer's Bible belonging to the church
+library.
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+Add to the list Finedon, in Northamptonshire, where there is a collection
+of upwards of 1000 volumes in the parvise over the porch.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"UP, GUARDS, AND AT THEM!"
+
+(Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., pp. 111. 184.)
+
+The authority for the Duke of Wellington having used these words at the
+battle of Waterloo is Capt. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, in a letter
+written a few days after the battle, published in Booth's _Battle of
+Waterloo_, and illustrated by George Jones, Esq., R.A., who is believed to
+have superintended the whole publication. I append the extract:--
+
+    "Upon the cavalry being repulsed, the Duke himself ordered our second
+    battalion to form line with the third battalion, and, after advancing
+    to the brow of the hill, to lie down and shelter ourselves from the
+    fire. Here we remained, I imagine, near an hour. It was now about seven
+    o'clock. The French infantry had in vain been brought against our line
+    and, as a last resource, Buonaparte resolved upon attacking our part of
+    the position with his veteran Imperial Guard, promising them the
+    plunder of Brussels. Their artillery and they advanced in solid column
+    to where we lay. The Duke, who was riding behind us, watched their
+    approach; and at length, when within a hundred yards of us, exclaimed
+    'Up, guards, and at them again!' Never was there a prouder moment than
+    this for our country or ourselves," &c.--Second Letter of Capt. Batty,
+    Grenadier Guards, dated June 22, 1815, from the village of Gommignies;
+    his First Letter being dated Bavay, June 21, 1815.
+
+This circumstantial account, written so few days after the battle,
+detailing affirmatively the command to the guards as heard by one of
+themselves, will probably countervail the negative testimony of C. as
+derived from the Duke's want of recollection: as well as the "Goodly
+Botherby's" of MR. CUTHBERT BEDE. As an instance of the Duke's impressions
+of the battle, I may add, that he stated that there was _no smoke_, though
+Mr. Jones told me, that when he was on the ground two days afterwards the
+smoke was still hanging over it.
+
+FRANK HOWARD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Mr. Muller's Process._--MR. SISSON inquires for any one's experience in
+the use of the above formula, and I beg to say I remember when it was
+published I tried it, but gave it up. It is an excellent plan, but requires
+improvement. The following were my objections:
+
+If the objects are not well illuminated by the sun, the image is not sharp.
+The skies taken are singularly the reverse of the iodide-of-potash method,
+as they are almost transparent.
+
+The solutions of iron are a constant trouble by precipitating.
+
+It has the same disadvantages as other modes on paper from inequality in
+the strength of the image. The photographic _pons asinorum_ appears however
+to be got over by the process, viz. taking the picture at once in the
+camera, and it is very possible that it can be made perfect. A small
+quantity of chromate of potash, about one grain to three ounces of solution
+of iodide of iron, gives a little more force to the picture.
+
+I find the nitrate of lead a very useful salt in iodizing paper. Six grains
+of the salt to the ounce of water, and tincture of iodine added till a pale
+yellow, will give additional sensitiveness to iodized paper, if the sheets
+are floated upon the solution. This will shorten the time in the camera
+nearly five minutes; but it requires care, as it is apt to solarize.
+
+A weak solution of iodide of iron has also the same effect, and, if blotted
+off at once, it will not blacken by the use of gallic acid.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+Bayswater.
+
+_Stereoscopic Angles._--When I last addressed you, I fancied I should set
+the stereoscopic-angle question at rest. It appears, however, that MR. G.
+SHADBOLT is unconvinced, and as I alone (to the best of my knowledge) have
+defined and solved the problem in relation to this subject, you will
+perhaps allow me to offer a few words in rejoinder to MR. S.'S arguments
+which, had that gentleman thought more closely, would not have been
+advanced. This is also requisite, because, from their speciousness, they
+are likely to mislead such as take what they read for granted. MR. S. says
+that when the stereographs are placed at the same distance from the eyes as
+the focal length of the lens, that 2� inches is the best space for the
+cameras to be apart; and that were this space increased, the result would
+be as though the pictures were taken from models. To this I reply, that the
+only correct space for the cameras to be apart is 2� inches (_i. e._ the
+space usually found to be from pupil to pupil of our eyes), and this under
+every circumstance; and that any departure from this must produce error. As
+to the model-like appearance, I cannot see the reason of {276} it. Next MR.
+SHADBOLT says, and rightly, that when the pictures are seen from a less
+distance than the focal length of the lens, they appear to be increased in
+bulk. But the "obvious remedy" I pronounce to be wrong, as it must produce
+error. The remedy is nevertheless obvious, and consists in placing the
+stereographs at the same distance from the eyes as the focal length of the
+lens. But, if this cannot be done, it were surely better to submit to some
+trifling exaggeration than to absolute deformity and error. MR. S. says
+also, that as we mainly judge of distance, &c. by the convergence of the
+optic axis of our eyes (Query, How do persons with only one eye judge?),
+so, in short or medium distances, it were better to let the camera radiate
+from its centre to the principal object to be delineated. The result of
+this must be error, as the following illustration will show. Let the sitter
+(for it is especially recommended in portraits) hold before him,
+horizontally, and in parallelism with the picture, a ruler two feet long;
+and let planes parallel to the ruler pass through the sitter's ears, eyes,
+nose, &c. The consequence would be that the ruler, and all the other planes
+parallel to it, would have two vanishing points, and all the features be
+erroneously rendered. This, to any one conversant with perspective, should
+suffice. But, as all are not acquainted with perspective, perhaps the
+following illustration may prove more convincing. Suppose an ass to stand
+facing the observer; a boy astride him, with a big drum placed before him.
+Now, under the treatment recommended by MR. G. SHADBOLT, both sides of the
+ass would be visible; both the boy's legs; and the drum would have two
+heads. This would be untrue, absurd, ridiculous, and quite as wonderful as
+Mr. Fenton's twelve-feet span view from across the Thames.
+
+Once more, and I shall have done with the present arguments of MR. G.
+SHADBOLT. He says that the two pictures should have exactly the same range
+of vision. This I deny: for, were it so, there would be no stereoscopic
+effect. Let the object be a column: it is evident that a tangent to the
+left side of the column from the right eye, could not extend so far to the
+left as a tangent to the left side of the column from the left eye, and
+_vice vers�_. And it is only by this difference in the two pictures (or, in
+other words, the range of vision) that our conceptions of solidity are
+created. This is not exactly the test to suit the views of MR. SHADBOLT, as
+I am quite aware; but I chose it for its simplicity, and because it will
+bear demonstration; and my desire has been to elicit truth, and not to
+perpetuate error.
+
+In conclusion, I beg to refer MR. G. SHADBOLT to my definition and solution
+of the stereoscopic problem--which I then said I _believed_--but which I
+now unhesitatingly _assert_ to be correct.
+
+T. L. MARRIOTT.
+
+_Ammonio-nitrate of Silver._--The inability of your correspondent
+PHILO-PHO. to form the ammonio-nitrate of silver from a solution of nitrate
+of silver, which has been used to excite albumenized paper, is in all
+probability owing to the presence of a small quantity of nitrate of
+ammonia, which has been imparted to the solution by the paper.
+
+Salts of ammonia form, with those of silver, double salts, from which the
+oxide of silver is not precipitated by the alkalies.
+
+I cannot however explain how it was that the solution had lost none of its
+silver, for the paper could not in such case have been rendered sensitive.
+
+J. LEACHMAN.
+
+20. Compton Terrace, Islington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Sir Thomas Elyot_ (Vol. viii., p. 220.).--Particulars respecting this once
+celebrated diplomatist and scholar may be collected from Bernet's _Hist.
+Reformation_, ed. 1841, i. 95.; Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, i.
+221. 263., Append. No. LXII.; Ellis's _Letters_, ii. 113.; _Arch�ologia_,
+xxxiii.; Wright's _Suppression of Monasteries_, 140.; _Lelandi Encomia_,
+83.; Leland's _Collectanea_, iv. 136-148.; _Retrospective Review_, ii.
+381.; _Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary_, 82. 230.; Chamberlain's
+_Holbein Heads_; Smith's _Autographs_; Fuller's _Worthies_
+(Cambridgeshire); Wood's _Athen� Oxonienses_, i. 58.; Lysons'
+_Cambridgeshire_, 159.
+
+The grant of Carlton cum Willingham in Cambridgeshire to Sir Thomas Elliot
+and his wife is enrolled in the Exchequer (_Originalia_, 32 Hen. VIII.,
+pars 3. rot. 22. vel 221.); and amongst the Inquisitions filed in that
+Court is one taken after his death (_Cant. and Hunt._, 37 vel 38 Hen.
+VIII.).
+
+I believe it will be found on investigation, that Sir Richard Elyot (the
+father of Sir Thomas) was of Wiltshire rather than of Suffolk. See Leland's
+_Collectanea_, iv. 141. n., and an Inquisition in the Exchequer of the date
+of 6 or 7 Hen. VIII. thus described in the Calendar: "de manerio de
+Wanborough com. Wiltes proficua cujus manerii Ricardus Eliot percepit."
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Judges styled "Reverend"_ (Vol. viii., p. 158.).--As it is more than
+probable that your pages may in future be referred to as authority for any
+statement they contain, especially when the fact they announce is vouched
+by so valued a name as that of my friend YORK HERALD, I am sure that he
+will excuse me for correcting an error into which he has fallen, the more
+especially as Lord Campbell is equally mistaken (_Lord Chancellors_, i.
+539.).
+
+YORK HERALD states, that "Anthony Fitz-Herbert was appointed Chief Justice
+of the Common {277} Pleas in 1523, and died in 30 Henry VIII." Fitz-Herbert
+was never _Chief Justice_. He was made a judge of the Common Pleas in 1522;
+and so continued till his death at the time mentioned, 1538. During that
+period, the office of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was successively
+held by Sir Thomas Brudenell till 1531, by Sir Robert Norwich till 1535,
+and then by Sir John Baldwin, who was Chief Justice at the time of
+Fitz-Herbert's death.
+
+William Rastall (afterwards Judge), in the early part of his career, joined
+his father in the printing business, and there are several books with his
+imprimatur. It was during that time probably that he formed the table to
+the _Natura Brevium_ of Anthony Fitz-Herbert, mentioned in the title-page
+to YORK HERALD'S volume.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_"Hurrah" and other War-cries_ (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633.; Vol. viii., pp.
+20. 88.).--_Hurrah_ is the war-cry of many nations, both in the army and
+navy. The Dutch seem to have adopted it from the Russians, _poeta invito_,
+as we see in the following verses of Staring van den Willenborg:
+
+   "Is 't hoera? Is 't hoera?
+  Wat drommel kan 't u schelen?
+    Brul, smeek ik, geen Kozakken na!
+  Als Fredrik's batterij�n spelen--
+    Als Willem's trommen slaan
+    Blijv' Ne�rland's oorlogskreet: 'Val aan!'
+  Waar jong en oud de vreugd der overwinning deelen,
+    Bij Quatre-Bras' trofee,
+    Blijve ons gejuich _Hoezee_!"
+
+Accept or reject this doggerel translation:
+
+ "Is it hurrah? Is it hurrah?
+  What does that concern you, pray?
+  Howl not like Cossacks of the Don!
+  But, when Frederic's batteries pour--
+  When William's drums do roar--
+  Holland's war-cry still be 'Fall on!'
+  When old and young
+  Raise the victor's song,
+  At Quatre-Bras' trophy,
+  Let _Huzzah_ our joy-cry be!"
+
+_Hoera_ (hurrah) and _hoezee_ (huzza), then, in the opinion of Staring, and
+indeed of many others, have not the same origin. Some have derived _hoezee_
+from _hauss�_, a French word of applause at the hoisting (Fr. _hausser_) of
+the admiral's flag. Bilderdijk derives it from Hussein, a famous Turkish
+warrior, whose memory is still celebrated. Dr. Brill says, "_hoezee_ seems
+to be only another mode of pronouncing the German _juchh�_." Van Iperen
+thinks it taken from the Jewish shout, "Hosanna!" Siegenbeek finds "the
+origin of _hoezee_ in the shout of encouragement, 'Hou zee!' (hold sea)."
+Dr. Jager cites a Flemish author, who says "that this cry ('hou zee,' in
+French, _tiens mer_) seems especially to belong to us; since it was
+formerly the custom of our seamen always 'zee te houden' (to keep the sea),
+and never to seek shelter from storms." Dr. Jager, however, thinks it
+rather doubtful "that our _hoezee_ should come from 'hou zee,' especially
+since we find a like cry in other languages." In old French _huz_ signified
+a cry, a shout; and the verb _huzzer_, or _hucher_, to cry, to shout; and
+in Dutch _husschen_ had the same meaning.--From the _Navorscher_.
+
+_Major Andr�_ (Vol. viii., p. 174).--The sisters of Major Andr� lived until
+a comparatively very recent date in the Circus at Bath, and this fact may
+point SERVIENS to inquiries in that city.
+
+T. F.
+
+In reply to SERVIENS'S Query about Major Andr�, I beg to inform him that
+there is a good picture of the Major by Sir Joshua Reynolds in the house of
+Mrs. Fenning, at Tonbridge Wells, who, I have no doubt, would be enabled to
+give him some particulars respecting his life.
+
+W. H. P.
+
+_Early Edition of the New Testament_ (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--The book,
+about which your correspondent A. BOARDMAN inquires, is an imperfect copy
+of Tyndale's _Version of the New Testament_: probably it is one of the
+_first edition_; if so, it was printed at Antwerp in 1526; but if it be one
+of the second edition, it was printed, I believe, at the same place in
+1534. Those excellent and indefatigable publishers, Messrs. Bagster & Sons,
+have within the last few years reprinted both these editions; and if your
+correspondent would apply to them, I have no doubt but they will be able to
+resolve him on all the points of his inquiry.
+
+F. B----W.
+
+_Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge_ (Vol. vii., p. 571. Vol. viii., pp. 37.
+83.).--As this question is still open, I forward you the translation of an
+article inserted by me in the first volume of the _Navorscher_.
+Lozenge-formed shields have not been always, nor exclusively, used by
+ladies; for, in a collection of arms from 1094 to 1649 (see _Descriptive
+Catalogue of Impressions from Scottish Seals_, by Laing, Edinburgh) are
+many examples of ladies' arms, but not one in which the shield has any
+other form than that used at the time by men. In England, however, as early
+as the fourteenth century, the lozenge was sometimes used by ladies, though
+perhaps only by widows. Nisbet (_System of Heraldry_, ii. 35.) mentions a
+lozenge-formed seal of Johanna Beaufort, Queen Dowager of Scotland,
+attached to a parchment in 1439; while her arms, at an earlier period, were
+borne on a common shield (_Gent. Mag._, April, 1851). In France the use of
+the lozenge for ladies was very general; yet in the great work of Flacchio
+(_G�n�alogie de la Maison de la Tour_) are found several hundred examples
+of ladies' arms on oval {278} shields; and in _Vredii Genealogia comitum
+Flandri�_ (p. 130.), on shields rounded off below. On the other hand,
+lozenges have sometimes been used by men: for instance, on a seal of
+Ferdinand, Infant of Spain, in Vredius, l. c. p. 148.; also on a dollar of
+Count Maurice of Hanau, in Kohler's _M�ntzbelustig_. 14. See again the arms
+of the Count of Sickingen, in Siebmacher, Suppl. xi. 2. So much for the use
+of the lozenge. Most explanations of its origin appear equally far-fetched.
+That of Menestrier, in his _Pratique des Armoires_ (p. 14.), seems to me
+the least forced. He derives the French name _lozange_ from the Dutch
+_lofzang_:
+
+    "In Holland," he says, "the custom prevails every year, in May, to
+    affix verses and _lofzangen_ (songs of praise) in lozenge-formed
+    tablets on the doors of newly-made magistrates. Young men hung such
+    tablets on the doors of their sweethearts, or newly-married persons.
+    Also on the death of distinguished persons, lozenge-shaped pieces of
+    black cloth or velvet, with the arms, name, and date of the death of
+    the deceased, were exhibited on the front of the house. And since
+    _there is little to be said of women, except on their marriage or
+    death, for this reason has it become customary on all occasions to use
+    for them the lozenge-shaped shield_."
+
+In confirmation of this may be mentioned, that formerly _lozange_ and
+_lozanger_ were used in the French for _louange_ and _louer_; of which
+Menestrier, in the above-quoted work (p. 431.), cites several instances.
+
+Besides the conjectures mentioned by H. C. K. and BROCTUNA, may be cited
+that of Laboureur: who finds both the form and the name in the Greek word
+[Greek: oxug�nios] (_ozenge_ with the article, _l'ozenge_); and of
+Scaliger, who discovers _lausangia_ in _laurangia_, _lauri folia_. See
+farther, Bernd. _Wapenwesen_, Bonn, 1841.
+
+JOHN SCOTT.
+
+Norwich.
+
+_Sir William Hankford_ (Vol. ii., p. 161. &c.).--Your learned correspondent
+MR. EDWARD FOSS proves satisfactorily that Sir W. Gascoigne was not
+retained in his office of Chief Justice by King Hen. V. But MR. FOSS seems
+to have overlooked entirely the Devonshire tradition, which represents Sir
+William _Hankford_ (Gascoigne's successor) to be the judge who committed
+Prince Henry. Risdon (_v_. Bulkworthy, _Survey of Devon_, ed. 1811, p.
+246.), after mentioning a chapel built by Sir W. Hankford, gives this
+account of the matter:
+
+    "This is that deserving judge, that did justice upon the king's son
+    (afterwards King Henry V.), who, when he was yet prince, commanded him
+    to free a servant of his, arraigned for felony at the king's bench bar;
+    whereat the judge replied, he would not. Herewith the prince, enraged,
+    essayed himself to enlarge the prisoner, but the judge forbad; insomuch
+    as the prince in fury stept up to the bench, and gave the judge a blow
+    on the face, who, nothing thereat daunted, told him boldly: 'If you
+    will not obey your sovereign's laws, who shall obey you when you shall
+    be king? Wherefore, in the king's (your father's) name, I command you
+    prisoner to the king's bench.' Whereat the prince, abashed, departed to
+    prison. When King Henry IV., his father, was advertised thereof (as
+    fast flieth fame), after he had examined the circumstances of the
+    matter, he rejoiced to have a son so obedient to his laws, and a judge
+    of such integrity to administer justice without fear or favour of the
+    person; but withal dismissed the prince from his place of president of
+    the council, which he conferred on his second son."
+
+Risdon makes no mention of Sir W. Hankford's being retained in office by
+King Henry V. But at p. 277., _v._ Monkleigh, he gives the traditional
+account of Hankford's death (anno 1422), which represents the judge, in
+doubt of his safety, and mistrusting the sequel of the matter, to have
+committed suicide by requiring his park-keeper to shoot at him when under
+the semblance of a poacher:
+
+    "Which report (Risdon adds) is so credible among the common sort of
+    people, that they can show the tree yet growing where this fact was
+    committed, known by the name of Hankford Oak."
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Mauilies, Manillas_ (Vol. vii., p. 533.).--W. H. S. will probably find
+some of the information which he asks for in _Two Essays on the Ring-Money
+of the Celt�_, which were read in the year 1837 to the members of the Royal
+Irish Academy by Sir William Betham, and in some observations on these
+essays which are to be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of that year.
+During the years 1836, 1837, and 1838, there were made at Birmingham or the
+neighbourhood, and exported from Liverpool to the river Bonney in Africa,
+large quantities of _cast-iron_ rings, in imitation of the _copper_ rings
+known as "Manillas" or "African ring-money," then made at Bristol. A vessel
+from Liverpool, carrying out a considerable quantity of these cast-iron
+rings, was wrecked on the coast of Ireland in the summer of 1836. A few of
+them having fallen into the hands of Sir William Betham, he was led to
+write the _Essays_ before mentioned. The making of these cast-iron rings
+has been discontinued since the year 1838, in consequence of the natives of
+Africa refusing to give anything in exchange for them. From inquiry which I
+made in Birmingham in the year 1839, I learnt that more than 250 tons of
+these cast-iron rings had been made in that town and neighbourhood in the
+year 1838, for the African market. The captain of a vessel trading to
+Africa informed me in the same year that the Black Despot, who then ruled
+on the banks of the river Bonney, had threatened to mutilate, in a way
+which I will not describe, any one who should be detected in landing these
+counterfeit rings within his territories.
+
+N. W. S.
+
+{279}
+
+_The Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits_ (Vol. vii., p. 589.; Vol. viii., p.
+82.).--Your correspondent A. W. S. having called attention to the use of
+the hour-glass in pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.), I beg to mention two
+instances in which I have seen the stands which formerly held them. The
+first is at Pilton Church, near Barnstaple, Devon, where it still (at least
+very lately it did) remain fixed to the pulpit; the other instance is at
+Tawstock Church (called, from its numerous and splendid monuments, the
+Westminster Abbey of North Devon), but here it has been displaced, and I
+saw it lying among fragments of old armour, banners, &c., in a room above
+the vestry. They were similar in form, each representing a man's arm, cut
+out of sheet iron and gilded, the hand holding the stand; turning on a
+hinge at the shoulder it lay flat on the panels of the pulpit when not in
+use. When extended it would project about a yard.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+George Poulson, Esq., in his _History and Antiquities of the Seignory of
+Holderness_ (vol. ii. p. 419.), describing Keyingham Church, says that--
+
+    "The pulpit is placed on the south-east corner; beside it is an iron
+    frame-work, used to contain an hour-glass."
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+_Derivation of the Word "Island"_ (Vol. viii., p. 209.).--Your
+correspondent C. gives me credit for a far greater amount of humour than I
+can honestly lay claim to. He appears (he must excuse me for saying so) to
+have scarcely read through my observations on the derivation of the word
+_island_, which he criticises so unmercifully; and to have understood very
+imperfectly what he has read. For instance, he says that my "derivation of
+_island_ from _eye_, the visual orb, because each are (_sic_) surrounded by
+water, seems like banter," &c. Had I insisted on any such analogy, I should
+indeed have laid myself open to the charge; but _I did nothing of the
+kind_, as he will find to be the case, if he will take the trouble of
+perusing what I wrote. My remarks went to show, that, in the A.-S.
+compounded terms, _Ealond_, _Igland_, &c., from which our word _island_
+comes, the component _ea_, _ig_, &c., does not mean _water_, as has
+hitherto been supposed to be the case, but an _eye_; and that on this
+supposition alone can the simple _ig_, used to express an _island_, be
+explained. Will C. endeavour to explain it in any other way?
+
+Throughout my remarks, the word _isle_ is not mentioned. And why? Simply
+because it has no immediate etymological connexion with the word _island_,
+being merely the French word naturalised. The word _isle_ is a simple, the
+word _island_ a compound term. It is surely a fruitless task (as it
+certainly is unnecessary for any one, with the latter word ready formed to
+his hand in the Saxon branch of the Teutonic, and, from its very form,
+clearly of that family), to go out of his way to torture the Latin into
+yielding something utterly foreign to it. My belief is, that the
+resemblance between these two words is an accidental one; or, more
+properly, that it is a question whether the introduction of an _s_ into the
+word _island_ did not originate in the desire to assimilate the Saxon and
+French terms.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+_A Cob-wall_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--A "cob" is not an unusual word in the
+midland counties, meaning a lump or small hard mass of anything: it also
+means a blow; and a good "cobbing" is no unfamiliar expression to the
+generality of schoolboys. A "cob-wall," I imagine, is so called from its
+having been made of heavy lumps of clay, beaten one upon another into the
+form of a wall. I would ask, if "gob," used also in Devonshire for the
+stone of any fruit which contains a kernel, is not a cognate word?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor Mohun.
+
+_Oliver Cromwell's Portrait_ (Vol. vi. _passim_).--In reference to this
+Query, the best portrait of Oliver Cromwell is in the Baptist College here,
+and 500 guineas have been refused for it.
+
+I am not aware if it is the one alluded to by your correspondents. The
+picture is small, and depicts the Protector _without_ armour: it is by
+Cooper, and was left to its present possessors by the Rev. Andrew Gifford,
+a Baptist minister, in 1784.
+
+Two copies have been made of it, but the original has never been engraved;
+from one of the copies, however, an engraving is in process of execution,
+after the picture by Mr. Newenham, of "Cromwell dictating to Milton his
+letter to the Duke of Savoy." The likeness of Cromwell in this picture is
+taken from one of the copies.
+
+The original is not allowed to be taken from off the premises on any
+consideration, in consequence of a dishonest attempt having been made, some
+time ago, to substitute a copy for it.
+
+BRISTOLIENSIS.
+
+_Manners of the Irish_ (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 111.)--A slight knowledge of
+Gaelic enables me to supply the meaning of some of the words that have
+puzzled your Irish correspondents. _Molchan_ (Gaelic, _Mulachan_) means
+"cheese."
+
+ "Deo gracias, is smar in Doieagh."
+
+I take to mean "Thanks to God, God is good." In Gaelic the spelling would
+be--"is math in Dia." A Roman Catholic Celt would often hear his priest say
+"Deo Gratias."
+
+The meaning of the passage seems to be pretty clear, and may be rendered
+thus:--The Irish farmer, although in the abundant enjoyment of {280} bread,
+butter, cheese, flesh, and broth, is not only not ashamed to complain of
+poverty as an excuse for non-payment of his rent, but has the effrontery to
+thank God, as if he were enjoying only those blessings of Providence to
+which he is justly entitled.
+
+W. C.
+
+Argyleshire.
+
+_Chronograms and Anagrams_ (Vol. viii., p. 42.).--Perhaps the most
+extraordinary instance to be found in reference to chronograms is the
+following:
+
+    "Chronographica Gratulatio in Felicissimum adventum Serenissimi
+    Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hispaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jesu.
+    Bruxell� publico Belgarum Gaudio exhibita."
+
+This title is followed by a dedication to S. Michael and an address to
+Ferdinand; after which come one hundred hexameters, _every one of which is
+a chronogram_, and each chronogram gives the same result, viz. 1634. The
+first three verses are,--
+
+ "AngeLe C�LIVogI MICha�L LUX UnICa C�tUs.
+  Pro nUtU sUCCInCta tUo CUI CUnCta MInIstrant.
+  SIDera qUIqUe poLo gaUDentIa sIDera VoLVUnt."
+
+The last two are,--
+
+ "Vota Cano: h�C LeVIbus qUamVIs nUnC InCLyte prInCeps.
+  VersICULIs InCLUsa, fLUent in s�CULa CentUm."
+
+All the numeral letters are printed in capitals, and the whole is to be
+found in the _Parnassus Poeticus Societatis Jesu_ (Francofurti, 1654), at
+pp. 445-448. of part i. In the same volume there is another example of the
+chronogram, at p. 261., in the "Septem Mari� Mysteria" of Antonius Chanut.
+It occurs at the close of an inscription:
+
+ "StatUaM hanC--eX Voto ponIt
+  FernanDUs TertIUs AUgUstUs."
+
+The date is 1647.
+
+    "Henriot, an ingenious anagrammatist, discovered the following anagram
+    for the occasion of the 15th:
+
+     'Napoleon Bonaparte sera-t-il consul � vie,
+      La [le] peuple bon reconnoissant votera Oui.'
+
+    There is only a trifling change of _a_ to e."--_Gent. Mag._, Aug. 1802,
+    p. 771.
+
+The following is singular:
+
+ "Quid est veritas? = Vir qui adest."
+
+I add another chronogram "by Godard, upon the birth of Louis XIV. in 1638,
+on a day when the eagle was in conjunction with the lion's heart:"
+
+ "EXorIens DeLphIn AqUILa CorDIsqUe LeonIs
+  CongressU GaLLos spe L�tItIaqUe refeCIt."
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_"Haul over the Coals"_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--This appears to mean just
+the same as "roasting"--to inflict upon any one a castigation _per verbum_
+and in good humour.
+
+_To cover over the coals_ is the same as to cower over the coals, as a
+gipsy over a fire. Thus Hodge says of Gammer Gurton and Tib, her maid:
+
+                     "'Tis their daily looke,
+  They cover so over the coles their eies be bleared with smooke."
+
+_To carry coals to Newcastle_ is well understood to be like giving alms to
+the wealthy; but viewed in union with the others would show what a
+prominent place coals seem to have in the popular mind.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_Sheer Hulk_ (Vol. viii., p. 126.).--This phrase is certainly correct.
+_Sheer_ = mere, a hulk, and nothing else. Thus we say _sheer_ nonsense,
+_sheer_ starvation, &c.; and the song says:
+
+ "Here a _sheer hulk_ lies poor Tom Bowling,
+      The darling of our crew," &c.
+
+The etymology of _sheer_ is plainly from _shear_.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_The Magnet_ (Vol. vi. _passim_).--This was used by Claudian apparently as
+symbolical of Venus or love:
+
+ "Mavors, sanguinea qui cuspide verberat urbes,
+  Et Venus, humanas qu� laxat in otia curas,
+  Aurati delubra tenent communia templi,
+  Effigies non una Deis. Sed ferrea Martis
+  Forma nitet, Venerem _magnetica gemma figurat_."--Claud. _De Magnete._
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_Fierce_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--OXONIENSIS mentions a peculiar use of the
+word "fierce." An inhabitant of Staffordshire would have answered him: "I
+feel quite _fierce_ this morning."
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages_ (Vol. viii., p.
+174.).--Your correspondent M. will find some curious and interesting
+articles on this subject in vol. ii. of _The Scottish Journal_, Edinburgh,
+1848, p. 129. _et infra_.
+
+DUNCAN MACTAVISH.
+
+Lochbrovin.
+
+_Acharis_ (Vol. viii., p. 198.).--A mistake, probably, for _achatis_, a
+Latinised form of _achat_, a bargain, purchase, or act of purchasing. The
+passage in Dugdale seems to mean that "Ralph Wickliff, Esq., holds
+two-thirds of the tithes of certain domains sometime purchased by him,
+{281} formerly at a rental of 5s., now at nothing, because, as he says,
+they are included in his park."
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+_Henry, Earl of Wotton_ (Vol. viii., p. 173.).--Philip, first Earl of
+Chesterfield, had a son Henry, Lord Stanhope, K.B., who married Catherine,
+the eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord Wotton, and had issue one
+son Philip, and two daughters, Mary and Catherine. Lord Stanhope died s. p.
+Nov. 29, 1634. His widow was governess to the Princess of Orange, daughter
+of Charles I., and attending her into Holland, sent over money, arms, and
+ammunition to that king when he was distressed by his rebellious subjects.
+For such services, and by reason of her long attendance on the princess,
+she was, on the restoration of Charles II. (in regard that Lord Stanhope,
+her husband, did not live to enjoy his father's honours), by letters patent
+bearing date May 29, 12 Charles II., advanced to the dignity of Countess of
+Chesterfield for life, as also that her daughters should enjoy precedency
+as earl's daughters.
+
+She took to her second husband John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of Kirkhoven
+and Henfleet, by whom she had a son, _Charles Henry_ Kirkhoven, the subject
+of the Query.
+
+This gentleman, chiefly on account of his mother's descent, was created a
+baron of this realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton in Kent, by
+letters patent bearing date at St. Johnstone's (Perth) in Scotland, August
+31, 1650, and in September, 1660, was naturalised by authority of
+parliament, together with his sisters. He was likewise in 1677 created Earl
+of _Bellomont_ in Ireland, and, dying without issue, left his estates to
+his nephew Charles Stanhope, the younger son of his half-brother the Earl
+of Chesterfield, who took the surname of Wotton.
+
+This information is principally from Collins, who quotes "Ec. Stem. per
+Vincent." I have consulted also Bank's _Dormant Baronage_, Burke's _Works_,
+and Sharpe's _Peerage_.
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--An account of "the left-handed wife
+of George III." appeared in Sir Richard Phillips' _Monthly Magazine_ for
+1821 or 1822, under the title of (I think) "Hannah Lightfoot, the fair
+Quaker."
+
+ALEXANDER ANDREWS.
+
+_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. viii., p. 59.).--Previous correspondents appear to
+have established the fact that green was the orthodox colour of a lawyer's
+bag up to a recent date. May not the change of colour have been suggested
+by the sarcasms and jeers about "green bags," which were very current
+during the proceedings on the Bill of Pains and Penalties, commonly known
+as the _Trial_ of Queen Caroline, some thirty years ago? The reports of the
+evidence collected by the commission on the Continent, was laid on the
+table in a _sealed green bag_, and the very name became for a time the
+signal for such an outcry, that the lawyers may have deemed it prudent to
+strike their colours, and have recourse to some other less obnoxious to
+remark.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_"When Orpheus went down"_ (Vol. viii., p. 196.).--In reply to the Query of
+G. M. B. respecting "When Orpheus went down," I beg to say that the author
+was the Rev. Dr. Lisle (most probably the Bishop of St. Asaph). The song
+may be found among Ritson's _English Songs_. When it was first published I
+have not been able to ascertain, but it must have been in the early part of
+the last century, as the air composed for it by Dr. Boyce, most likely for
+Vauxhall, was afterwards used in the pasticcio opera of _Love in a
+Village_, which was brought out in 1763.
+
+C. OLDENSHAW.
+
+Leicester.
+
+_Muffs worn by Gentlemen_ (Vol. vi. _passim_; Vol. vii., p. 320.).--In
+Lamber's _Travels in Canada and the United States_ (1815), vol. i. p. 307.,
+is the following passage:
+
+    "I should not be surprised if those _delicate young soldiers_ were to
+    introduce muffs: they were in general use among the men under the
+    French government, and are still worn by two or three old gentlemen."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Wardhouse, and Fisherman's Custom there_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--Wardhouse
+or Wardhuuse, is a port in Finland, and the custom was for the English to
+purchase herrings there, as they were not permitted to fish on that coast.
+In _Trade's Increase_, a commercial tract, written in the earlier part of
+the seventeenth century, the author, when speaking of restraints on fishing
+on the coasts of other nations, says:
+
+    "Certain merchants of Hull had their ships taken away and themselves
+    imprisoned, for fishing about the Wardhouse at the North Cape."
+
+W. PINKERTON.
+
+Ham.
+
+_"In necessariis unitas," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 197.).--The sentence, "In
+necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas," may be seen
+sculptured in stone over the head of a doorway leading into the garden of a
+house which was formerly the residence of Archdeacon Coxe, and subsequently
+of Canon Lisle Bowles, in the Close at Salisbury. It is quoted from
+Melancthon. The inscription was placed there by the poet, and is no less
+the record of a noble, true, and generous sentiment, than of the
+discriminating taste and feeling of him by whom it was thus appreciated and
+honoured. {282} Would that it might become the motto of _all_ our cathedral
+precincts!
+
+W. S.
+
+Northiam.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+_The Botany of the Eastern Borders, with the Popular Names and Uses of the
+Plants, and of the Customs and Beliefs which have been associated with
+them_, by George Johnson, M.D. This, the first volume of _The Natural
+History of the Eastern Borders_, is a book calculated to please a very
+large body of readers. The botanist will like it for the able manner in
+which the various plants indigenous to the district are described. The
+lover of Old World associations will be delighted with the industry with
+which Dr. Johnson has collected, and the care with which he has recorded
+their popular names, and preserved the various bits of folk lore associated
+with those popular names, or their supposed medicinal virtues. The
+antiquary will be gratified by the bits of arch�ological gossip, and the
+biographical sketches so pleasantly introduced; and the general reader with
+the kindly spirit with which Dr. Johnson will enlist him in his company--
+
+ "    .    .    .   Unconstrain'd to rove along
+  The bushy brakes and glens among."
+
+Marry, it were a pleasant thing to join the _Berwickshire Natural History
+Club_ in one of their rambles through the Eastern Borders.
+
+Mr. Bohn has just added to his _Antiquarian Library_ a volume which will be
+received with great satisfaction by all who take an interest in the
+antiquity of Egypt. It is a translation by the Misses Horner of Dr.
+Lepsius' _Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of Sinai, with
+Extracts from his Chronology of the Egyptians, with reference to the Exodus
+of the Israelites, revised by the Author_. Dr. Lepsius, it may be
+mentioned, was at the head of the scientific expedition appointed by the
+King of Prussia to investigate the remains of ancient Egyptian and
+Ethiopian civilisation, still in preservation in the Nile valley and the
+adjacent countries; and in this cheap volume we have that accomplished
+traveller's own account of what that expedition was able to accomplish.
+
+We are at length enabled to answer the Query which was addressed to us some
+time since on the subject of the continuation of Mr. MacCabe's _Catholic
+History of England_. The third volume is now at press, and will be issued
+in the course of the next publishing season.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_A Letter to a Convocation-Man concerning the Rights,
+Powers, and Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with
+an Introduction and Notes_, by the Rev. W. Fraser, B.C.L. This reprint of a
+very rare tract will no doubt be prized by the numerous advocates for the
+re-assembling of Convocation, who must feel indebted to Mr. Fraser for the
+care and learning with which he has executed his editorial task.--_A
+Collection of Curious, Interesting, and Facetious Epitaphs, Monumental
+Inscriptions, &c._, by Joseph Simpson. We think the editor would have some
+difficulty in authenticating many of the epitaphs in his collection, which
+seems to have been formed upon no settled principle.--_The Physiology of
+Temperance and Total Abstinence, being an Examination of the Effects of the
+Excessive, Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the Healthy
+Human System_, by Dr. Carpenter: a shilling pamphlet, temperately written
+and closely argued, and well deserving the attention of all, even of the
+most temperate.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+THE MONTHLY ARMY LIST from 1797 to 1800 inclusive. Published by Hookham and
+Carpenter, Bond Street. Square 12mo.
+
+JER. COLLIER'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Folio Edition. Vol. II.
+
+LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR.
+
+LOWNDES' BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL. Pickering.
+
+PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
+
+PRESCOTT'S HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 8 Vols. London. Vol. III.
+
+MRS. ELLIS'S SOCIAL DISTINCTION. Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. and III. 8vo.
+
+HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF NEWBURY. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies.
+
+VANCOUVER'S SURVEY OF HAMPSHIRE.
+
+HEMINGWAY'S HISTORY OF CHESTER. Large Paper. Parts I. and III.
+
+CORRESPONDENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE SOCIETY. 8vo.
+London, 1813.
+
+ATHEN�UM JOURNAL FOR 1844.
+
+PAMPHLETS.
+
+JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789.
+
+REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807.
+
+ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809.
+
+THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821.
+
+THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822.
+
+WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837.
+
+SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+REPLIES. _We have again to beg those Correspondents who favour us with_
+REPLIES _to complete them by giving the Volume and Page of the original_
+QUERIES. _This would give little trouble to each Correspondent, while its
+omission entails considerable labour upon us._
+
+W. C. "When Greeks join'd Greeks" _is from Lee's Alexander the Great_.
+
+A CONSTANT READER. _The contractions referred to stand for_ Pence _and_
+Farthings.
+
+C. W. (Bradford). _We can promise that if the book in question is obtained,
+our Correspondent shall have the reading of it._
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. _We hope next week to lay before our readers_
+DR. DIAMOND'_s process for printing on albumenized paper. We shall also
+reply to several Photographic querists._
+
+_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price
+Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is
+desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{283}
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+
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+
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+
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+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
+
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+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
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+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
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+
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+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
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+
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+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
+this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with
+perfect Security.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+  PETER MORRISON,
+  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{284}
+
+JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,
+
+Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,
+
+FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,
+
+NO. III.
+
+Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some of
+Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds and
+other Relics; Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics
+vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious Old Song,
+by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and Merry Wives
+of Windsor; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fair; Dr. William Kenrick's Lectures
+on Shakspeare, &c. &c.
+
+No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, or sent
+Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+No. II., PRICE FOURPENCE, or Six Postage Stamps; or Nos. I. II. and III.
+sent Free on receipt of Eighteen Stamps.
+
+Address, JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS.
+
+A NEW AND CHEAPER ISSUE.
+
+HANDBOOK--TRAVEL TALK. 3s. 6d.
+
+HANDBOOK--BELGIUM AND THE RHINE. 5s.
+
+HANDBOOK--SWITZERLAND, SAVOY, AND PIEDMONT. 7s. 6d.
+
+HANDBOOK--NORTH GERMANY, HOLLAND, BELGIUM, AND THE RHINE. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, ETC. 16s.
+
+HANDBOOK--NORTH ITALY AND FLORENCE. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--CENTRAL ITALY, TUSCANY, AND THE PAPAL STATES. 7s.
+
+HANDBOOK--CENTRAL ITALY AND ROME. (Just Ready.)
+
+HANDBOOK--SOUTH ITALY AND NAPLES. 15s.
+
+HANDBOOK--EGYPT AND THEBES. 15s.
+
+HANDBOOK--DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. 12s.
+
+HANDBOOK--RUSSIA AND FINLAND. 12s.
+
+HANDBOOK--GREECE AND IONIAN ISLANDS. (Nearly Ready.)
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, cloth, 480 pages, 8vo., price 3s. 6d., the new volume of THE
+BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST: containing able Debates on many of the most
+important questions of the day, and a section which might be denominated
+"NOTES AND QUERIES FOR THE PEOPLE."
+
+    "Contains a large amount of sound and very useful
+    information."--_Eclectic Review._
+
+    "It is full of intelligence and instruction."--_Papers for the
+    Schoolmaster._
+
+London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN, Paternoster Row, and all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just out, price 2s.
+
+A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights, Powers, and
+Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an
+Introduction and Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate of
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+    "No reader on the subject of Convocation can any longer allow his
+    library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely
+    scarce pamphlet."--_Western Courier._
+
+Also, price 1s.,
+
+THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. BY
+THE REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+    "This pamphlet has met with approval from several quarters; we must
+    take it then as representing the opinions of a considerable number of
+    convocation students."--_Synodalia._
+
+London: J. MASTERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of a General Collection of Ancient and Modern Gems,
+Cameos, as well as Intaglios. By JAMES TASSIE, Modeller. Arranged and
+described by R.E. RASPE, and illustrated with Copper-plates. 2 vols. 4to.,
+London, 1791, boards, in first-rate condition, scarce, 1l. 11s. 6d.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 26s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and
+the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.
+
+  Volume Three, 1272-1377,
+  Volume Four, 1377-1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s. cloth,
+
+  Volume One, 1066-1199,
+  Volume Two, 1190-1272.
+
+    "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
+    take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent.
+    Mag._
+
+London: LONGMAN & CO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.
+
+Just ready, with Woodcuts, fcap. 8vo., 1s.
+
+THE GUILLOTINE. An Historical Essay. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON CROKER.
+Reprinted from "The Quarterly Review."
+
+The former Volumes of this Series are--
+
+LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.
+
+HOLLWAY'S MONTH IN NORWAY.
+
+LORD CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF LORD BACON.
+
+WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.
+
+DEAN MILMAN'S FALL OF JERUSALEM.
+
+LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.
+
+LORD MAHON'S STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.
+
+HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.
+
+WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.
+
+MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.
+
+LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.
+
+BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.
+
+LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE."
+
+ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."
+
+GIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.
+
+THE ART OF DINING.
+
+OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.
+
+THE CHACE, THE TURF, AND THE ROAD. By NIMROD.
+
+JAMES' FABLES OF �SOP.
+
+  To be followed by
+
+BEAUTIES OF BYRON: PROSE AND VERSE.
+
+A SECOND SERIES OF ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."
+
+The ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G. WILKINSON.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September
+17, 1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 279, "Molchan ... means cheese": 'chuse' in original, corrected by a
+correspondent in Issue 206. p. 351.
+
+page 280, "cower over the coals": 'lower' in original, corrected by errata
+in Issue 208.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203,
+September 17, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203, September
+17, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 203, September 17, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27003]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 261 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page261"></a>{261}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 203.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, September 17. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Our Shakspearian Correspondence</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page261">261</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Mr. Pepys and East London Topography, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page263">263</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Picts' Houses in Aberdeenshire</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page264">264</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:&mdash;Legends of the County
+      Clare&mdash;Devonshire Cures for the Thrush</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page264">264</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Heraldic Notes</span>:&mdash;Arms of
+      Granville&mdash;Arms of Richard, King of the Romans</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page265">265</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell and Thos.
+      Keightley</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page265">265</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Longfellow's Poetical
+      Works&mdash;Sir Walter Raleigh&mdash;Curious
+      Advertisement&mdash;Gravestone Inscription&mdash;Monumental
+      Inscription</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page267">267</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Sir Philip Warwick</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page268">268</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth, by E. S. Taylor</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Hand in Bishop
+      Canning's Church&mdash;"I put a spoke in his wheel"&mdash;Sir W.
+      Hewit&mdash;Passage in Virgil&mdash;Fauntleroy&mdash;Animal Prefixes
+      descriptive of Size and Quality&mdash;Punning Devices&mdash;"Pinece
+      with a stink"&mdash;Soiled Parchment Deeds&mdash;Roger Wilbraham,
+      Esq.'s, Cheshire Collection&mdash;Cambridge and
+      Ireland&mdash;Derivation of Celt&mdash;Ancient Superstition against
+      the King of England entering or even beholding the Town of
+      Leicester&mdash;Burton&mdash;The Camera Lucida&mdash;Francis
+      Moore&mdash;Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle&mdash;Palace at
+      Enfield&mdash;"Solamen miseris," &amp;c.&mdash;Soke
+      Mills&mdash;Second Wife of Mallet</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Books
+      burned by the Common Hangman&mdash;Captain George Cusack&mdash;Sir
+      Ralph Winwood</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page272">272</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books chained to Desks in Churches, by J. Booker, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page273">273</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Epitaphs by Cuthbert Bede, B.A., &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page273">273</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Parochial Libraries</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page274">274</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"Up, Guards, and at them!" by Frank Howard</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page275">275</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Mr.
+      Muller's Process&mdash;Stereoscopic Angles&mdash;Ammonio-nitrate of
+      Silver</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page275">275</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Sir Thomas
+      Elyot&mdash;Judges styled "Reverend"&mdash;"Hurrah" and other
+      War-cries&mdash;Major Andr�&mdash;Early Edition of the New
+      Testament&mdash;Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge&mdash;Sir William
+      Hankford&mdash;Maullies, Manillas&mdash;The Use of the Hour-glass in
+      Pulpits&mdash;Derivation of the Word "Island"&mdash;A
+      Cob-wall&mdash;Oliver Cromwell's Portrait&mdash;Manners of the
+      Irish&mdash;Chronograms and Anagrams&mdash;"Haul over the
+      Coals,"&mdash;Sheer Hulk&mdash;The
+      Magnet&mdash;Fierce&mdash;Connexion between the Celtic and Latin
+      Languages&mdash;Acharis, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page276">276</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page283">283</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>OUR SHAKSPEARIAN CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p>We have received from a valued and kind correspondent (not one of
+  those emphatically good-natured friends so wittily described by Sheridan)
+  the following temperate remonstrance against the tone which has
+  distinguished several of our recent articles on Shakspeare:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shakspeare Suggestions</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 124. 169.).&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Most busy, when least I do."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I am grateful to A. E. B. for referring me to the article on
+  "Shakspeare Criticism" in the last number of <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>.
+  It is a very able paper, and worthy of general attention.</p>
+
+  <p>I ought to add some few explanatory observations upon the subject of
+  my former communication, but the tone of A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B.'s comments forbids me
+  to proceed with the discussion; the more especially as my suggestion has
+  been made a reason for introducing into your pages comments which seem to
+  me to be altogether unwarrantable upon other portions of the article in
+  Blackwood. Whoever may be the writer of that article&mdash;I do not
+  know&mdash;he needs no other defence than a reference to his paper. It is
+  not on his account that I venture to allude to this subject; it is rather
+  on yours, Mr. Editor, and with a view to the welfare of your paper. I
+  cannot think that you or it will be benefited by converting
+  conversational gossip about Shakspeare difficulties into "a duel in the
+  form of a debate," seasoned with sarcasm, insinuation, and satiric point.
+  This is not the kind of matter one expects to find in "N. &amp; Q."
+  neither do I think your pages should be made a vehicle for "showing up"
+  such of "the herd of menstrual Aristarchi" as chance to differ in opinion
+  from some of your smart and peremptory, but not unfrequently inaccurate
+  and illiberal correspondents.</p>
+
+  <p>I know that you yourself are in this respect much in the power of your
+  contributors. Probably you were as ignorant of the existence of the
+  article in Blackwood as I was.<a name="footnotetag1"
+  href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> It is now brought <!-- Page 262
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page262"></a>{262}</span>before your
+  notice, and I invite you to look at it, and judge for yourself whether
+  A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B. has treated you, your paper, or the writer of that very
+  excellent article, with common fairness in the remarks to which I
+  allude.</p>
+
+  <p>I make these observations on two grounds: first, as one who has many
+  reasons for being anxious for the prosperity of "N. &amp; Q.;" and
+  secondly, because I know it to be the opinion of several of your earliest
+  and warmest friends, that there is a tendency in some of your Shakspeare
+  contributors to indulge in insinuation, imputation of motives, and many
+  other things which ought never to appear in your pages. We lately
+  observed, with deep regret, that you were misled (not by A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B.) into
+  the insertion of unjustifiable insinuations, levelled against a gentleman
+  whom we all know to be a man of the highest personal honour.</p>
+
+  <p>The questions which are mooted in your pages ought to be discussed
+  with the mutual forbearance and enlarged liberality which are predominant
+  in the general society of our metropolis; not with the keen and angry
+  partizanship which distinguishes the petty squabbles of a country
+  town.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Icon</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>Our readers know that we ourselves recently noticed the tendency of
+  too many of our correspondents to depart from the courteous spirit by
+  which the earlier communications to this Journal were distinguished. The
+  intention we then announced of playing the tyrant in future, and
+  exercising with greater freedom our "editorial privilege of omission," we
+  now repeat yet more emphatically. <span class="sc">Icon</span> well
+  remarks that we are much in the power of our contributors. Indeed we are
+  more so than even he supposes.</p>
+
+  <p>An article on the <i>Notes and Emendations</i> which lately appeared
+  in our columns concluded, in its original form, with an argument against
+  their genuineness, based on the use of a word unknown to Shakspeare and
+  his cotemporaries. This appeared to us somewhat extraordinary, and a
+  reference to Richardson's excellent Dictionary proved that our
+  correspondent was altogether wrong <i>as to his facts</i>. We of course
+  omitted the passage; but we ought not to have received a statement
+  founded on a mistake which might have been avoided by a single reference
+  to so common a book.</p>
+
+  <p>Again, at p. 194. of the present volume, another correspondent, after
+  pointing out some coincidences between the old Emendator and some
+  suggested corrections by Z. Jackson, and stating that <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> never once refers to Jackson, proceeds:
+  "<span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, however, talks familiarly about
+  Jackson, in his <i>Shakspeare Vindicated</i>, as if he had him at his
+  fingers' ends; and yet, at p. 239., he favours the world with an
+  <i>original</i> emendation (viz. 'He did <i>behood</i> his anger,'
+  <i>Timon</i>, Act III. Sc. 1.), which, however, will be found at page
+  389. of Jackson's book." Now, after this, who would have supposed that,
+  as we learn from <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, "<span
+  class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> has founded his charge on such slender
+  grounds as one cursory notice of Jackson at p. 288. of my book, where I
+  mentioned him merely on the authority of <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Collier</span>." And who that knows <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>
+  will doubt the truth of his assertion, that he has not even seen
+  Jackson's book for near a quarter of a century, and that he had not the
+  slightest reason to doubt that the conjecture of <i>behood</i> for
+  <i>behave</i> was his own property?<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>But there is another gentleman who, although he has never whispered a
+  remonstrance to us upon the subject, has even more grounds of complaint
+  than <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, for the treatment which he has
+  received in our columns; we mean our valued friend and contributor <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>, who we feel has received some injustice in
+  our pages. But the fact is that, holding, as we do unchanged, the opinion
+  which we originally expressed of the great value of the <i>Notes and
+  Emendations</i>&mdash;knowing <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span>
+  character to be above suspicion&mdash;and believing that the result of
+  all the discussions to which the <i>Notes and Emendations</i> have given
+  rise, will eventually be to satisfy the world of their great
+  value,&mdash;<i>we</i> have not looked so strictly as we ought to have
+  done, and as we shall do in future, to the tone in which they have been
+  discussed in "N. &amp; Q."</p>
+
+  <p>And here let us take the opportunity of offering a few suggestions
+  which we think worthy of being borne in mind in all discussions on the
+  text of Shakspeare, whether the object under consideration be what
+  Shakspeare actually wrote, or what Shakspeare really meant by what he did
+  write.</p>
+
+  <p>First, as to this latter point. Some years ago a distinguished
+  scholar, when engaged in translating G�the's <i>Faust</i>, came to a
+  passage involved in considerable obscurity, and which he found was
+  interpreted very differently by different admirers of the poem. Unable,
+  under these circumstances, to procure any satisfactory solution of the
+  poet's meaning, the translator applied to G�the himself, and received
+  from him the candid reply which we think it far from improbable that
+  Shakspeare himself might give with reference to many passages in his own
+  writings,&mdash;"That <!-- Page 263 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page263"></a>{263}</span>he was very sorry he could not assist him,
+  but he really did not know exactly what he meant when he wrote it." We
+  doubt not some of our contributors could supply us with many similar
+  avowals.</p>
+
+  <p>This opinion will no doubt offend many of those blind worshippers of
+  Shakspeare, who will not believe that he could have written a passage
+  which is not perfect, and who, consequently, will not be satisfied with
+  any note, emendation, or restoration which does not make the passage into
+  which it is introduced "one entire and perfect chrysolite." But this is
+  unreasonable. We have direct evidence of the imperfect character of much
+  that Shakspeare wrote. When told that Shakspeare had never blotted a
+  line, Ben Jonson&mdash;no mean critic, and no unfriendly one&mdash;wished
+  he had "blotted a thousand." Would rare Ben have uttered such a wish
+  ignorantly and without cause? We believe the existence of such defects in
+  the writings of Shakspeare, as they were left by him. It follows,
+  therefore, that in our opinion Shakspeare is under great obligations to
+  the undeservedly-abused commentators.<a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> It would be strange indeed, when we
+  consider how many men of genius and learning have busied themselves to
+  illustrate his writings, if none of them should have caught any
+  inspiration from his genius. We believe they have done so. We believe
+  Theobald's "babbled o' green fields" to be one of many instances in
+  which, with reference to some one particular passage, the scholiast has
+  proved himself worthy of and excelling his author. Yes, Shakspeare, the
+  greatest of all uninspired writers, was but mortal; and his worshippers
+  would sometimes do well bear in mind that their golden image had but feet
+  of clay.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>We had not seen this very able article until our attention was called
+  to it by this letter. We regret that the author of it was not aware of
+  what had been written in "N. &amp; Q." on many of the points discussed by
+  him. Such knowledge might have modified some of his views.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>On this point we would call especial attention to <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Halliwell's</span> communication on the <i>Difficulty of avoiding
+  Coincident Suggestions on the Text of Shakspeare</i>, which will be found
+  in our present Number.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>One of the most specious arguments which have been advanced against
+  the genuineness of the <i>Notes and Emendations</i> is, that they agree
+  in many instances with readings which had been suggested many years
+  before the discovery of the MS. Notes. Of course it is obvious that,
+  wherever the readings are right, they must do so; and these coincidences
+  serve to satisfy us of the correctness of both.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>MR. PEPYS AND EAST LONDON TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>In "N. &amp; Q." (Vol. i., p. 141.) there appeared an article upon the
+  Isle of Dogs, &amp;c., which spoke of the neglected topography of the
+  east of London, and requested information on one or two points. Having
+  felt much interested in this matter, I have endeavoured to obtain
+  information by personal investigation, and send you the following from
+  among a mass of Notes:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1. <i>Isle of Dogs.</i> In a map drawn up in 1588 by Robert Adams,
+  engraved in 1738, this name is applied to an islet in the river Thames,
+  still in part existing, at the south-west corner of the peninsula. From
+  this spot the name appears to have extended to the entire marsh.</p>
+
+  <p>2. <i>Dick Shore</i>, Limehouse. This is now called <i>Duke Shore</i>,
+  Fore Street. In Gascoyne's Map of Stepney, 1703, it is called <i>Dick
+  Shoar</i>. Since that time <i>Dick</i> has become a <i>Duke</i>. Mr.
+  Pepys would find boats there now if he visited the spot.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Mr. Pepys, in his <i>Diary</i> of Mar. 23, 1660, speaks of "the
+  great breach," near Limehouse. The spot now forming the entrance to the
+  City Canal or South Dock of the West India Dock Company was called "the
+  breach," when the canal was formed.</p>
+
+  <p>4. July 31, 1665. Mr. Pepys speaks of the <i>Ferry</i> in the Isle of
+  Dogs. This ferry is named as a horse-ferry by Norden in the <i>Britanni�
+  Speculum</i>, 1592 (MS.). The ferry is still used, but only seldom as a
+  horse-ferry.</p>
+
+  <p>5. Oct. 9, 1661. Mr. P. mentions Captain Marshe's, at Limehouse, close
+  by the lime-house. There is still standing there a large old brick house,
+  which may be the same; and the lime-kiln yet exists, for, as Norden says,
+  "ther is a kiln contynually used."</p>
+
+  <p>6. Sept. 22, 1665. Mr. P. speaks of a discovery made "in digging the
+  late docke." This discovery consisted of nut trees, nuts, yew, ivy,
+  &amp;c., twelve feet below the surface. Johnson no doubt told him the
+  truth. The same discovery was made in 1789, in digging the Brunswick
+  Dock, also at Blackwall, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood.</p>
+
+  <p>This very week (Aug. 25, 1853) I procured specimens of several kinds
+  of wood, with land and freshwater shells, from as great a depth in an
+  excavation at the West India Docks; the wood from a bed of peat, the
+  shells from a bed of clay resting upon it. There exists an ancient house
+  at the dock which Mr. P. visited, and which is probably the same.</p>
+
+  <p>Other illustrations of the <i>Diary</i> from this quarter might be
+  adduced; let these, however, suffice as a specimen.</p>
+
+  <p>It may probably be new to most of your readers, as it is to me, that
+  an ancient house in Blackwall (opposite the Artichoke Tavern) is said to
+  have been the residence of Sebastian Cabot at one time, and at another
+  that of <i>Sir Walter Raleigh</i>. Whether the tradition be true or not,
+  the house is very curious, and worth a visit, if not worthy of being
+  sketched and engraved to preserve its memory. Perhaps the photograph in
+  this case could be applied.</p>
+
+  <p>It is not impossible that Sir John de Pulteney or Poultney, to whom
+  the manor of Poplar was granted in the 24th of Edward III., resided on
+  this spot. My reasons for thinking it are&mdash;this fact, which connects
+  him with the neighbourhood; and the inference from two other facts, viz.
+  that the house in which Sir John resided in town was <!-- Page 264
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page264"></a>{264}</span>called <i>Cold
+  Harbour</i>, and that <i>Cold Harbour</i> is here also to be found. Sir
+  John Pulteney is thus connected with both the places known by this
+  name.</p>
+
+  <p>I would give my name in verification, but you have it, as you should
+  have the names and addresses of all your correspondents.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Poplar.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PICTS' HOUSES IN ABERDEENSHIRE.</h3>
+
+  <p>A short time ago, one of those remarkable remains of a very remote
+  antiquity, and called by the country-people Picts' Houses, Yird, Eirde,
+  or Erde houses, was discovered by Mr. Douglass, farmer, Culsh, in the
+  parish of Tarland, Aberdeenshire, near his farm-steading, on the property
+  of our noble Premier. It is a subterranean vault, of a form approaching
+  the semicircular, but elongated at the farther end. Its extreme length is
+  thirty-eight feet; its breadth at the entrance a little more than two
+  feet, gradually widening towards the middle, where the width is about six
+  feet, and it continues at about that average. The height is from five and
+  a half to six feet. The sides are built with stones, some of them in the
+  bottom very large; the roof is formed of large stones, six or seven feet
+  long, and some of them weighing above a ton and a half. They must have
+  been brought from the neighbouring hill of Saddle-lick, about two miles
+  distant, being of a kind of granite not found nearer the spot. The floor
+  is formed of the native rock (hornblende), and is very uneven. When
+  discovered it was full of earth, and in the process of excavation there
+  was found some wood ashes, fragments of a glass bottle, and an
+  earthenware jar (modern), some small fragments of bones, and one or two
+  teeth of a ruminant animal, and the upper stone of a querne
+  (hand-corn-mill, mica schist), together with a small fragment, probably
+  of the lower stone. But, alas! there were no hieroglyphics or cuneiform
+  inscriptions to assist the antiquary in his researches. These underground
+  excavations have been found in various parishes in Aberdeenshire, as well
+  as in several of the neighbouring counties. In the parish of Old Deer,
+  about fifty years ago, a whole village of them was come upon; and about
+  the same time, in a den at the back of Stirlinghill, in the parish of
+  Peterhead, one was discovered which contained some fragments of bones and
+  several flint arrow-heads, and battle-axes in the various stages of
+  manufacture. In no case, however, have any of those previously discovered
+  been of the same magnitude as the one described above. They were
+  generally of from twelve to fifteen feet in length, and from three to
+  four feet in height, and some only six feet in length, so that this must
+  have been in its day (when?) a rather aristocratic affair. Have any
+  similar excavations been found in England? The earliest mention of the
+  parish of Tarland, of which there is any account, is in a charter granted
+  by Moregun, Earl of Mar, to the Canons of St. Andrews, of the Church of
+  S. Machulnoche (S. Mochtens, Bishop and Confessor) of Tharuclund, with
+  its tithes and oblations, its land and mill, and timber from the Earl's
+  woods for the buildings of the canons, <span class="scac">A.D.</span>
+  1165-71; and a charter of King William the Lion, and one of Eadward,
+  Bishop of Aberdeen, both of same date, confirming the said grant.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abredonensis.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Legends of the County Clare.</i>&mdash;How Fuen-Vic-Couil (Fingall)
+  obtained the knowledge of future events.&mdash;Once upon a time, when
+  Fuen-Vic-Couil was young, he fell into the hands of a giant, and was
+  compelled to serve him for seven years, during which time the giant was
+  fishing for the salmon which had this property&mdash;that whoever ate the
+  first bit of it he would obtain the gift of prophecy; and during the
+  seven years the only nourishment which the giant could take was after
+  this manner: a sheaf of oats was placed to windward of him, and he held a
+  needle before his mouth, and lived on the nourishment that was blown from
+  the sheaf of corn through the eye of the needle. At length, when the
+  seven years were passed, the giant's perseverance was rewarded, and he
+  caught the famous salmon and gave it to Fuen-Vic-Couil to roast, with
+  threats of instant destruction if he allowed any accident to happen to
+  it. Fuen-Vic-Couil hung the fish before the fire by a string, but, like
+  Alfred in a similar situation, being too much occupied with his own
+  reflections, forgot to turn the fish, so that a blister rose on the side
+  of it. Terrified at the probable consequences of his carelessness, he
+  attempted to press down the blister with his thumb, and feeling the smart
+  caused by the burning fish, by a natural action put the injured member
+  into his mouth. A morsel of the fish adhered to his thumb, and
+  immediately he received the knowledge for which the giant had toiled so
+  long in vain. Knowing that his master would kill him if he remained, he
+  fled, and was soon pursued by the giant breathing vengeance: the chace
+  was long, but whenever he was in danger of being caught, his thumb used
+  to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he always obtained knowledge
+  how to escape, until at last he succeeded in putting out the giant's eyes
+  and killing him; and always afterwards, when in difficulty or danger, his
+  thumb used to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he obtained
+  knowledge how to escape.</p>
+
+  <p>Compare this legend with the legend of Ceridwen, Hanes Taliessin,
+  <i>Mabinogion</i>, vol. iii. pp. 322, 323., the coincidence of which is
+  very curious. Where also did Shakspeare get the <!-- Page 265 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page265"></a>{265}</span>speech he makes one of
+  the witches utter in <i>Macbeth</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"By the <i>pricking of my thumbs</i>,</p>
+      <p>Something wicked this way comes."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis Robert Davies</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Devonshire Cures for the Thrush.</i>&mdash;"Take three rushes from
+  any running stream, and pass them separately through the mouth of the
+  infant: then plunge the rushes again into the stream, and as the current
+  bears them away, so will the thrush depart from the child."</p>
+
+  <p>Should this, as is not unlikely, prove ineffectual, "Capture the
+  nearest duck that can be met with, and place its mouth, wide open, within
+  the mouth of the sufferer. The cold breath of the duck will be inhaled by
+  the child, and the disease will gradually, and as I have been informed,
+  not the less surely, take its departure."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chester.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>HERALDIC NOTES.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Granville.</i>&mdash;The meaning of the peculiar bearing
+  which, since the thirteenth century, has appertained to this noble
+  family, has always been a matter of uncertainty to heraldic writers: it
+  has been variously blazoned as a clarion, clavicord, organ-rest,
+  lance-rest, and sufflue. The majority of heralds, ancient and modern,
+  term it a clarion without quite defining what a clarion is: that it is
+  meant for a musical instrument (probably a kind of hand-organ), I have
+  very little doubt; for, in the woodcut Mrs. Jameson gives in her
+  <i>Legends of the Madonna</i> (p. 19.) of Piero Laurati's painting of the
+  "Maria Coronata," the uppermost angel on the left is represented as
+  carrying an instrument exactly similar to this charge as it is usually
+  drawn. The date of this painting is 1340. This is probably about the date
+  of the painted glass window in the choir of Tewkesbury Abbey Church,
+  where Robert Earl of Gloucester bears three of these clarions on his
+  surcoat; and upon a careful examination of these, I was convinced that
+  they were intended to represent instruments similar to that carried by
+  the angel in Laurati's painting.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Richard, King of the Romans.</i>&mdash;This celebrated man,
+  the second son of King John, Earl of Cornwall and Poictou, was elected
+  King of the Romans at Frankfort on St. Hilary's Day (Jan. 13th) 1256. His
+  earldom of Cornwall was represented by&mdash;Argent, a lion rampant gules
+  crowned or; his earldom of Poictou by a bordure sable, bezant�e, or
+  rather of peas (<i>poix</i>) in reference to the name <i>Poictou</i>; and
+  as king of the Romans he is said to have borne these arms upon the breast
+  of the German double-headed eagle displayed sable, which represented that
+  dignity. I do not recollect having seen them under this last form, but I
+  have "made a Note of" several other variations I have met
+  with:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1. In Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire, in painted glass: Argent, a lion
+  rampant, gules crowned or, within a bordure sable bezant�e.</p>
+
+  <p>2. On the seal of a charter granted by the earl to the monks of
+  Okeburry: a lion rampant crowned. No bordure.</p>
+
+  <p>3. On an encaustic tile in the old Singing-school at Worcester: A lion
+  rampant <i>not</i> crowned, with a bordure bezant�e. Another tile has the
+  eagle, single-headed, displayed.</p>
+
+  <p>4. Encaustic tiles at Woodperry, Oxfordshire: A row of tiles with the
+  lion rampant, apparently within a bordure, but without the bezants;
+  followed by another row which has the eagle displayed, but not
+  double-headed.</p>
+
+  <p>5. On an encaustic tile at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, founded by
+  him: The double-headed eagle only, <i>countercharged</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>6. On a tile in the Priory Church of Great Malvern: The double-headed
+  eagle displayed, within a circular bordure bezant�e.</p>
+
+  <p>7. On a tile which I have seen, but cannot just now recollect where:
+  The double-headed eagle, bezant�e, without any bordure.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>A curious instance of ex-officio arms added to the paternal coat,
+  occurs on the monument of Dr. Samuel Blythe, at the east end of St.
+  Edward's Church, Cambridge. He was Master of Clare Hall, and in this
+  example his paternal arms&mdash;Argent, a chevron gules, between three
+  lions rampant sable&mdash;occupy the lower part of the shield, being
+  divided at the fess point by something like an inverted chevron, from the
+  arms of Clare Hall, which thus occupy the upper half of the shield. The
+  date is 1713. Is this way of dividing the arms a blunder of the
+  painter's, or can any of your readers point out a similar instance?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Difficulty of avoiding Coincident Suggestions on the Text of
+  Shakspeare.</i>&mdash;A correspondent in Vol. viii., p. 193., is somewhat
+  unnecessarily severe on <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> and <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, for having overlooked some suggestions in
+  Jackson's work: the enormous number of useless conjectures in that
+  publication rendering it so tedious and unprofitable to consider them
+  attentively, the student is apt to think his time better engaged in
+  investigating other sources of information. I think, therefore, little of
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> overlooking the few coincident
+  suggestions in Jackson, which are smaller in number than I had
+  anticipated; the real cause for wonder consisting in the ignoring so many
+  conjectures that have been treated of years ago, often at great length,
+  by some of the <!-- Page 266 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page266"></a>{266}</span>most distinguished critics this country
+  has produced. Generally speaking, however, there is in these matters such
+  a tendency for reproduction, I should for one hesitate to accuse any
+  critic of intentional unfairness, merely because he puts forth
+  conjectures as new, when they have been previously published; and I have
+  found so many of my own attempts at emendation, thought to be original,
+  in other sources, that I now hesitate at introducing any as novel. These
+  attempts, like most others, have only resulted occasionally in one that
+  will bear the test of examination after it has been placed aside, and
+  carefully considered when the impression of novelty has worn off. I think
+  we may safely appeal to all critics who occupy themselves much with
+  conjectural criticism, and ask them if <span class="sc">Time</span> does
+  not frequently impair the complacency with which they regard their
+  efforts on their first production.</p>
+
+  <p>Vol. viii., p. 216., contains more instances of coincident
+  suggestions, R.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;C. indulging in two conjectures, both supported very
+  ably, but in the perfect unconsciousness that the first, <i>rude
+  day's</i>, was long since mentioned by Mr. Dyce, in his <i>Remarks</i>,
+  1844, p. 172., and that the second, the change of punctuation in <i>All's
+  Well that Ends Well</i>, is the reading adopted by Theobald, and it is
+  also introduced by Mr. Knight in the text of his "National Edition," p
+  262., and has, I believe, been mentioned elsewhere. It may be said that
+  this kind of repetition might be obviated by the publication of the
+  various readings that have been suggested in the text of Shakspeare, but
+  who is there to be found Quixotic enough to undertake so large and
+  thankless a task, one which at best can only be most imperfectly
+  executed: the materials being so scattered, and often so worthless, the
+  compiler would, I imagine, abandon the design before he had made great
+  progress in it. No fair comparison can be entertained in this respect
+  between the text of Shakspeare and the texts of the classic authors. What
+  has happened to R.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;C., happens, as I am about to show, to all who
+  indulge in conjectural criticism.</p>
+
+  <p>Any reader who will take a quantity of disputed passages in
+  Shakspeare, and happens to be ignorant of what has been suggested by
+  others, will discover that, in most of the cases, if he merely tries his
+  skill on a few simple permutations of the letters, he will in one way or
+  another stumble on the suggested words. Let us take, for example, what
+  may be considered in its way as one of the most incomprehensible lines in
+  Shakspeare&mdash;"Will you go, <i>An-heires</i>?" the last word being
+  printed with a capital. Running down with the vowels from <i>a</i>, we
+  get at once an apparently plausible suggestion, "Will you go <i>on
+  here</i>?" but a little consideration will show how extremely unlikely
+  this is to be the genuine reading, and that Mr. Dyce is correct in
+  preferring <i>Mynheers</i>&mdash;a suggestion which belongs to Theobald,
+  and not, as he mentions, to Hanmer. But what I maintain is, that <i>on
+  here</i> would be the correction that would occur to most readers, in all
+  probability to be at once dismissed. <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>,
+  however, says "it is singular that nobody seems ever to have conjectured
+  that <i>on here</i> might be concealed under <i>An-heires</i>;" and it
+  would have been singular had this been the case, but the suggestion of
+  <i>on here</i> is to be found in Theobald's common edition. Oddly enough,
+  about a year before <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> volume
+  appeared, it was again suggested as if it were new.</p>
+
+  <p>Let us select a still more palpable instance (<i>Measure for
+  Measure</i>, Act II. Sc. 1.): "If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll
+  rent the fairest house in it after threepence a <i>bay</i>." If this
+  reading be wrong, which I do not admit, the second change in the first
+  letter creates an obvious alteration, <i>day</i>, making at least some
+  sort of sense, if not the correct one. Some years ago, I was rash enough
+  to suggest <i>day</i>, not then observing the alteration was to be found
+  in Pope's edition, and <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> has fallen
+  into the same oversight, when he gives it as one of the corrector's new
+  emendations. I regard these oversights as very pardonable, and
+  inseparable from any extensive attempt to correct the state of the text.
+  All Shakspearian conjectures either anticipate or are anticipated.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Dyce being <i>par excellence</i> the most judicious verbal critic
+  of the day, it will scarcely be thought egotistical to claim for myself
+  the priority for one of his emendations&mdash;"<i>Avoid thee</i>,
+  friend," in the <i>Few Notes</i>, p. 31., a reading I had mentioned in
+  print before the appearance of that work. This is merely one of the many
+  evidences that all verbal conjecturers must often stumble on the same
+  suggestions. Even the MS. corrector's alteration of the passage is not
+  new, it being found in Pope's and in several other editions of the last
+  century; another circumstance that exhibits the great difficulty and
+  danger of asserting a conjecture to be absolutely unknown.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. O. Halliwell</span></p>
+
+  <p>P.S. The subject is, of course, capable of almost indefinite
+  extension, but the above hasty notes will probably occupy as much space
+  as you would be willing to spare for its consideration.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Alcides' Shoes.</i>&mdash;There is merit, in my opinion, in
+  elucidating, if it were only a single word in our great dramatist. Even
+  the attempt, though mayhap a failure, is laudable. I therefore have made,
+  and shall make, hit or miss, some efforts that way. For example, I now
+  grapple with that very odd line&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"As great Alcides' shoes upon an ass."&mdash;<i>King John</i>, Act II. Sc. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>out of which no one has as yet extracted, or I think ever will
+  extract, any good meaning: <i>Argal</i>, <!-- Page 267 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page267"></a>{267}</span>it is corrupt. Now it
+  appears to me that the critic who proposed to read <i>shows</i>, came
+  very near the truth, and would have hit it completely if he had retained
+  <i>Alcides'</i>, for it is the genitive with <i>robe</i> understood. To
+  explain:</p>
+
+  <p>Austria has on him the "skin-coat" of C&oelig;ur-de-Lion, and Blanch
+  cries,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O! well did he become that lion's robe,</p>
+      <p>That did disrobe the lion of that robe."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>"It lies," observes the Bastard,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"It lies as sightly on the back of him (<i>Austria</i>)</p>
+      <p>As great Alcides' (<i>robe</i>) shows upon an ass:&mdash;</p>
+      <p>But, ass, I'll take that burden from your back," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Were it not that <i>doth</i> is the usual word in this play, I might
+  be tempted to read <i>does</i>. In reading or acting, then, the
+  <i>c�sura</i> should be made at <i>Alcides'</i>, with a slight pause to
+  give the hearer time to supply <i>robe</i>. I need not say that the robe
+  is the lion's skin, and that there is an allusion to the fable of the
+  ass.</p>
+
+  <p>Now to justify this reading. Our ancestors knew nothing of our mode of
+  making genitives by turned commas. They formed the gen. sing., and nom.
+  and gen. pl., by simply adding <i>s</i> to the nom. sing.; thus king made
+  <i>kings</i>, <i>kings</i>, <i>kings</i> (not <i>king's</i>,
+  <i>kings</i>, <i>kings'</i>), and the context gave the case. If the noun
+  ended in <i>se</i>, <i>ce</i>, <i>she</i>, or <i>che</i>, the addition of
+  <i>s</i> added a syllable, as <i>horses</i>, <i>princes</i>, &amp;c., but
+  it was not always added. Shakspeare, for example, uses <i>Lucrece</i> and
+  <i>cockatrice</i> as genitives. I find the first instances of such words
+  as <i>James's</i>, &amp;c., about the middle of the seventeenth century,
+  but I am not deeply read in old books, so it may have been used
+  earlier.</p>
+
+  <p>In foreign words like <i>Alcides</i>, no change ever took place; it
+  was the same for all numbers and cases, and the explanation was left to
+  the context. Here are a couple of examples from Shakspeare himself:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My fortunes every way as fairly ranked&mdash;</p>
+      <p>If not with vantage&mdash;as Demetrius."&mdash;<i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, Act I. Sc. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To Brutus, to Cassius. Burn all. Some to Decius house, and some to
+  Cascas; some to Ligarius. Away! go!"&mdash;<i>Julius C�sar</i>, Act III.
+  Sc. 3.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>All here are genitives, as well as <i>Cascas</i>. If any doubt, Brutus
+  and Cassius, we have just been told, "Are rid like madmen through the
+  gates of Rome," so <i>they</i> could not be burned. I say now, <i>judicet
+  lector</i>!</p>
+
+  <p>I must not neglect to add that there was another mode of forming the
+  genitive, namely, by the possessive pronoun, as <i>the king his
+  palace</i>. "A fly that flew into my <i>mistress</i> her eye," is the
+  title of one of Carew's poems.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Longfellow's Poetical Works.</i>&mdash;One of the best printed
+  editions of Longfellow's <i>Poetical Works</i> which has appeared in
+  England is ushered in by "An Introductory Essay" by the Rev. G.
+  Gilfillan, A.M. I had lived in hopes, through each successive edition,
+  that either the good taste of the publishers would strike out the preface
+  entirely, or the amended taste of its author curtail some of its
+  redundancies. As neither has been the case, but the 4th edition of the
+  book now lies before me, I beg to offer the following examples:</p>
+
+  <p>1. Of Ancient History:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"His [Longfellow's] ornaments, unlike those of the <i>Sabine</i> maid,
+  have not crushed him."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>2. Of Modern History&mdash;<i>Dickens a Poet</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A prophet may wrap himself up in austere and mysterious solitude: a
+  poet must come 'eating and drinking.' Thus came Shakspeare, Dryden,
+  Burns, Scott, G�the; and thus have come in our day, <i>Dickens</i>, Hood,
+  and Longfellow."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Is the song of "The Ivy Green" in <i>Pickwick</i> sufficient to
+  justify this appellation? I do not remember any other "Poem" by Charles
+  Dickens.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Of Metaphors. Out of sixteen pages it is difficult to make a
+  selection, but the following are striking:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If not a prophet, <i>torn by a secret burden, and uttering it</i> in
+  wild tumultuous strains,... he has found inspiration ... in the legends
+  of other lands, whose <i>native vein</i>, in itself exquisite, has been
+  <i>highly cultivated</i> and <i>delicately cherished</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>"Excelsion," we are told, "is one of those happy thoughts which seem
+  to drop down, like fine days, from some serener region, or <i>like
+  moultings of the celestial dove</i>, which <i>meet instantly the
+  ideal</i> of all minds, <i>and run on afterwards</i>, and for ever, <i>in
+  the current of the human heart</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Does not this almost come up to Lord Castlereagh's famous metaphor? It
+  certainly goes beyond Mr. Gilfillan's own praise of Longfellow, whose
+  sentiment is described as "never false, nor strained, nor mawkish. It is
+  <i>always mild</i>,... and <i>sometimes</i> it <i>approaches the
+  sublime</i>." Mr. G. goes one step farther.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Northamptonshire.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Walter Raleigh.</i>&mdash;I find the following remonstrance in
+  defence of this distinguished man, against the imputation of Hume, in a
+  letter addressed by Dr. Parr to Charles Butler:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Why do you follow Hume in representing Raleigh as an infidel? For
+  Heaven's sake, dear Sir, look to his preface to his <i>History of the
+  World</i>; look at his <i>Letters</i>, in a little 18mo., and here, but
+  here only, you will find a tract [entitled The Sceptic], which led Hume
+  to talk of Raleigh as an unbeliever. It is an epitome of the principles
+  of the old sceptics; and to me, who, like Dr. Clarke and Mr. Hume, am a
+  reader <!-- Page 268 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page268"></a>{268}</span>of Sextus Empiricus, it is very
+  intelligible. Indeed, Mr. Butler, it is a most ingenious performance. But
+  mark me well: it is a mere <i>lusus ingenii</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mr. Butler appends this note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Mr. Fox assured the Reminiscent, that either he, or Mrs. Fox to him,
+  had read aloud the whole, with a small exception, of Sir Walter Raleigh's
+  History."&mdash;Butler's <i>Reminiscences</i>, vol. ii. p. 232.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Curious Advertisement.</i>&mdash;The following genuine
+  advertisement is copied from a recent number of the <i>Connecticut
+  Courant</i>, published at Hartford in America:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,</p>
+      <p>She has left me in a lonesome mood;</p>
+      <p>She has left my board,</p>
+      <p>She has took my bed,</p>
+      <p>She has gave away my meat and bread,</p>
+      <p>She has left me in spite of friends and church,</p>
+      <p>She has carried with her all my shirts.</p>
+      <p>Now ye who read this paper,</p>
+      <p>Since she cut this reckless caper,</p>
+      <p>I will not pay one single fraction</p>
+      <p>For any debts of her contraction.</p>
+      <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Levi Rockwell</span>.</p>
+      <p>East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">G. M. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Gravestone Inscription.</i>&mdash;I send an inscription on a
+  gravestone in Northill churchyard, Bedfordshire, which is now nearly
+  obliterated, given me by the Rev. John Taddy:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Life is a city full of crooked streets,</p>
+      <p>Death is the market-place where all men meets.</p>
+      <p>If life were merchandise which men could buy,</p>
+      <p>The rich would only live, the poor would die."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Julia R. Bockett</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Southcote Lodge.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Monumental Inscription.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Here lyeth the body of the most noble Elizabeth, daughter of John of
+  Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, own sister to King Henry the Fourth, wife of
+  John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after married to Sir
+  John Cornwall, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Fanhope. She died the 4th
+  year of Henry the Sixth, Anno Domini 1426."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The above is on a monument in Burford Church, in the county of Salop,
+  and will perhaps be interesting to your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Hardy</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>Burford Church, in which there are several other interesting
+  monuments, is situated in the luxuriant valley of the Teme, about eight
+  miles south-east of Ludlow.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Salopian</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>SIR PHILIP WARWICK.</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and the
+  Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694."</p>
+
+  <p>"Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &amp;c., 8vo.: London,
+  1702."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>To one or the other of these publications there was prefixed a preface
+  which, as giving offence to the government, was suppressed. I agree with
+  Mr. Bindley, who says (writing to Mr. Granger),</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The account you have given in your books of the <i>suppressed
+  preface</i> to Sir Philip Warwick's <i>Memoirs</i>, is an anecdote too
+  curious not to make one wish it <i>authenticated</i>."&mdash;<i>Letters
+  to Mr. Granger</i>, p. 389.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The statement of Granger is adopted also by the Edinburgh editor of
+  the <i>Memoirs</i> in 1813 (query, Sir W. Scott?), who says in his
+  preface,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"These Memoirs were first published by the learned Dr. Thomas Smith, a
+  nonjuring divine, distinguished by oriental learning, and his writings
+  concerning the Greek Church. The learned editor added a preface so much
+  marked by his political principles, that he was compelled to <i>alter and
+  retrench it</i>, for fear of a prosecution at the instance of the
+  crown."&mdash;<i>Preface</i>, p. ix.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>So far as concerns the <i>Memoirs</i>. But in a note prefixed to a
+  copy of the <i>Discourse of Government</i>, now in the Bodleian among
+  Malone's books, and in his handwriting, it is stated,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This book was published by Dr. Thomas Smith, the learned writer
+  concerning the Greek Church. The preface, not being agreeable to the
+  Court at the time it was published (the 5th year of William III.), was
+  suppressed by authority, but is found in this and a few other copies.
+  Granger says (vol. iv. p. 60., vol. v. p. 267., new edit.) that this
+  preface by Dr. Smith was prefixed to Sir P.&nbsp;W.'s <i>Memoirs of Charles
+  I.</i>; but this is a mistake. Whether Smith was the editor of the
+  <i>Memoirs</i> I know not.&mdash;<span class="sc">Edmond
+  Malone</span>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The obnoxious preface is assigned to the <i>Discourse of
+  Government</i> also, by a writer in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for
+  1790, p. 509., where is a portrait of Warwick, and a notice of his
+  life.</p>
+
+  <p>The Edinburgh editor of the <i>Memoirs</i> gives the <i>original
+  preface</i> of that work, which presents nothing at which exception could
+  be taken. But as my copy of the <i>Discourse</i> is one of the few which
+  (according to Malone) retains the address of "the publisher to the
+  reader," I transcribe the following passages, which perhaps will
+  sufficiently explain the suppression in 1694:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As to the disciples and followers of Buchanan, Hobbs and Milton, who
+  have exceeded their masters in downright impudence, scurrility, and
+  lying, and the new modellers of commonwealths, who, under a zealous
+  pretence of securing the rights of a <i>fancied original contract</i>
+  against the encroachments of monarchs, are sowing the seeds of eternal
+  disagreements, confusions, <!-- Page 269 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page269"></a>{269}</span>and bloody wars throughout the world (for
+  the influence of evil principles hath no bounds, but, like infectious
+  air, spreads everywhere), the peaceable, sober, truly Christian, and
+  Church-of-England doctrine contained in this book, so directly contrary
+  to their furious, mad, unchristian, and fanatical maxims, it cannot
+  otherwise be expected but that they will soon be alarmed, and betake
+  themselves to their usual arts of slander and reviling, and grow very
+  fierce and clamorous upon it. Whatever shall happen," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Subsequently the author is spoken of as</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A gentlemen of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great and vast
+  understanding, and of a very solid judgement; a true son of the Church of
+  England, and <i>consequently a zealous asserter and defender of the truly
+  Christian and apostolical doctrine of non-resistance</i>; always loyal
+  and faithful to the king his master in the worst of times," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>After these specimens, there will be little difficulty, I think, in
+  determining that Granger was mistaken in describing the preface to the
+  <i>Memoirs</i> as that which was suppressed, and that it was the
+  publisher's "address to the reader" of the <i>Discourse</i> which
+  incurred that sentence. Dr. Thomas Smith appears to have edited both
+  works; and in the same address informs us of other works of Warwick
+  in</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Divinity, philosophy, history, especially that of England, practical
+  devotion, and the like. This I now publish [the <i>Discourse</i>] was
+  written in the year 1678 (and designed as an appendix to his <i>Memoirs
+  of the Reign of King Charles the First</i>, of most blessed memory, which
+  hereafter may see the light, when more auspicious times shall encourage
+  and favour the publication), which he, being very exact and curious in
+  his compositions, did often refine upon," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It may be well to inquire whether any of these theological or
+  philosophical lucubrations are yet extant. Was Sir Philip connected at
+  all with Dr. Smith, or was he descended from Arthur Warwick, author of
+  <i>Spare Minutes</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH.</h3>
+
+  <p>I shall be exceedingly obliged by any explanatory remarks on the
+  following list of seals:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1. Oval (size 2.1 in. by 1.3). The angel Gabriel kneeling before a
+  standing figure of the Virgin, and holding a scroll, on which is
+  inscribed <span class="scac">AVE MARIA</span>. Legend:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>* <a href="images/maltesex.png"><img src="images/maltesex.png"
+  class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="cross" /></a> S. HOS * PITALIS *
+  IER * NE * NACH.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Yarmouth was anciently called Gernemutha, or Iernemutha; and Ives
+  attributes this seal to Yarmouth, though both the legend and the
+  workmanship have a decidedly foreign appearance.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any more satisfactory locality be assigned it?</p>
+
+  <p>2. Circular (1 in. in diameter). Three fishes naiant (the arms of
+  Yarmouth), within a bordure of six cusps. Legend:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>SAAL D' ASAI D' GRANT GARNAMVT.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has
+  been employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until
+  1847.</p>
+
+  <p>Can it have reference to the staple? (Vid. Statutes at Large, Anne; 27
+  Ed. III. stat. 2.; 43 Ed. III. cap. 1.; 14 Ric. II. cap. 1.)</p>
+
+  <p>3. Circular (size 1.1 in. diameter). On an escutcheon a herring
+  hauriant; the only instance of this bearing in connection with Yarmouth.
+  Legend:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><b>S. offic : corrotulat : � : nove : Iernmuth.</b></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Of this seal nothing whatever is known. Its workmanship is of the
+  fifteenth century. The suggested extension of the legend is "Sigillum
+  officii contrarotulatoris"&mdash;in nova Jernemutha, or in <i>nave</i>
+  Jernemuthe. But was Yarmouth ever called <i>nova Gernemutha</i>? or what
+  was the office alluded to?</p>
+
+  <p>The above are required for a literary purpose; and as speedy an answer
+  as possible would much oblige me.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Hand in Bishop Canning's Church.</i>&mdash;In Bishop Canning's
+  Church, Wilts, is a curious painting of a hand outstretched, and having
+  on the fingers and thumb several inscriptions in abbreviated Latin. Can
+  any correspondent tell me when and why this was placed in the church; and
+  also the inscriptions which appear thereon?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Russell Gole</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"I put a spoke in his wheel."</i>&mdash;What is the meaning of the
+  phrase, "I put a spoke in his wheel?"</p>
+
+  <p>In April last, a petition was heard in the Rolls Court on the part of
+  the trustees of Manchester New College, praying that they might be
+  allowed to remove that institution to London; and a single trustee was
+  heard against such removal. One of the friends of the college was on this
+  occasion heard to remark, "the removal to London was going on very
+  smoothly, and it would have been done by this time, if this one trustee
+  had not <i>put his spoke in the wheel</i>:" meaning, that the
+  conscientious scruple of this trustee was the sole <i>impediment to the
+  movement</i>. Is this the <i>customary</i> and proper mode of using the
+  phrase; and, if so, how can putting a spoke to a wheel impede its
+  motion?</p>
+
+  <p>On the other hand, having heard some persons say that they had always
+  understood the phrase to denote affording <i>help</i> to an undertaking,
+  and confidently allege that this must be the <i>older</i> and <!-- Page
+  270 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page270"></a>{270}</span>more
+  correct usage, for "what," say they, "is a wheel without spokes?" I
+  inquired of an intelligent lady, of long American descent, in what way
+  she had been accustomed to hear the phrase employed, and the answer was
+  "Certainly as a help: we used to say to one who had anything in hand of
+  difficult accomplishment, 'Do not be faint-hearted, I'll give you a
+  spoke.'"</p>
+
+  <p>Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of his <i>Dictionary</i>, 1755,
+  after defining a spoke to be the "bar of a wheel that passes from the
+  nave to the felly," cites:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; All you gods,</p>
+      <p>In general synod, take away her power,</p>
+      <p>Break all the <i>spokes</i> and fellies to her wheel,</p>
+      <p>And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."&mdash;<i>Shakspeare</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">G. K.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir W. Hewit.</i>&mdash;At p. 159. of Mr. Thoms's recent edition of
+  Pulleyn's <i>Etymological Compendium</i>, Sir W. Hewit, the father-in-law
+  of Edward Osborne, who was destined to found the ducal family of Leeds,
+  is said to have been "a pin-maker." Some other accounts state that he was
+  a clothworker; others again, that he was a goldsmith. Which is correct;
+  and what is the authority? And where may any pedigree of the Osborne
+  family, <i>previous to Edward</i>, be seen?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Griffith.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Virgil.</i>&mdash;Dr. Johnson, in his celebrated Letter
+  to Lord Chesterfield, says, in reference to the hollowness of patronage:
+  "The shepherd, in Virgil, grew at last acquainted with Love; and found
+  him a native of the rocks." To what passage in Virgil does Johnson here
+  refer, and what is the point intended to be conveyed?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Fitzsimons</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Fauntleroy.</i>&mdash;In Binns' <i>Anatomy of Sleep</i> it is
+  stated that a few years ago an affidavit was taken in an English court of
+  justice, to the effect that Fauntleroy was still living in a town of the
+  United States.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your correspondents refer me to the circumstance in
+  question?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Animal Prefixes, descriptive of Size and Quality.</i>&mdash;Will
+  somebody oblige me by pointing out in the modern languages any analogous
+  instances to the Greek <span title="bon" class="grk"
+  >&beta;&omicron;&nu;</span>, English <i>horse</i>-radish,
+  <i>dog</i>-rose, <i>bull</i>-finch, &amp;c.?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Punning Devices.</i>&mdash;Sir John Cullum, in his <i>Hist. of
+  Hawsted</i>, 1st edit. p. 114., says that the seal of Sir William
+  Clopton, knight, t. Hen. VII., was "a ton, out of which issues some
+  plant, perhaps a <i>caltrop</i>, which might be contracted to the first
+  syllable of his name." This appears to be too violent a contraction. Can
+  any of your readers suggest any other or closer analogy between the name
+  and device?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Buriensis</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Pinece with a stink.</i>"&mdash;In Archbishop Bramhall's <i>Schism
+  Guarded</i> (written against Serjeant) there is a passage in which the
+  above curious expression occurs, and of which I can find no satisfactory,
+  nor indeed any explanation whatever. The passage is this (<i>Works</i>,
+  vol. ii. p. 545., edit. Ox.):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"But when he is baffled in the cause, he hath a reserve,&mdash;that
+  Venerable Bede, and Gildas, and Foxe in his Acts and Monuments, do brand
+  the Britons for wicked men, making them 'as good as Atheists; of which
+  gang if this Dinoth were one,' he 'will neither wish the Pope such
+  friends, nor envy them to the Protestants.'</p>
+
+  <p>"What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend
+  himself like a <i>pinece with a stink</i>? We read no other character of
+  Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can any of your readers furnish an explanation?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Blakiston</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Soiled Parchment Deeds.</i>&mdash;Having in my possession some old
+  and very dirty parchment deeds, and other records, now almost illegible
+  from the accumulation of grease, &amp;c., on the surface of the skins, I
+  am desirous to know if there be any "royal road" to the cleansing and
+  restoration of these otherwise enduring MSS.?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chester.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s Cheshire Collection.</i>&mdash;Can any of
+  your correspondents say where the original collection made by the
+  above-named gentleman, or a copy of them, referred to in Dr. Foote
+  Gower's <i>Sketch of the Materials for a Cheshire History</i>, may now be
+  met with?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cestriensis</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cambridge and Ireland.</i>&mdash;In the first volume of the
+  <i>Pictorial History of England</i>, p. 270., it is stated
+  that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Martin skins are mentioned in <i>Domesday Book</i> among the
+  commodities brought by sea to Chester; and this appears from other
+  authorities to have been one of the exports in ancient times from
+  Ireland. Notices are also found of merchants from Ireland <i>landing at
+  Cambridge</i> with cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The authority quoted for this statement is Turner, vol. iii. p.
+  113.</p>
+
+  <p>On referring to Turner's <i>Anglo-Saxons</i>, I find it stated:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We read of merchants from Ireland <i>landing at Cambridge</i> with
+  cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mr. Turner refers to Gale, vol. ii. p. 482.</p>
+
+  <p>I do not know to what work Mr. Turner refers, unless to Gale's
+  <i>Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores <!-- Page 271 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page271"></a>{271}</span>Veteres</i>; on examining this I can find
+  no passage at the page and volume indicated, on the subject.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your readers state where it is to be found? It appears
+  remarkable that the merchants from Ireland should land at the inland town
+  of Cambridge, and it seems a probable conjecture that Cambridge is a
+  mistake for Cambria.</p>
+
+  <p>William of Malmesbury speaks of a commerce between Ireland and the
+  neighbourhood of Chester, and it seems much more probable that the
+  merchants of Ireland landed in Wales than in Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Thrupp</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Derivation of Celt.</i>&mdash;What is the proper derivation of the
+  word <i>celt</i>, as applied to certain weapons of antiquity? A good
+  authority, in Dr. Smith's <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman
+  Antiquities</i>, p. 351., obtains the term from&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Celtes, an old Latin word for a chisel, probably derived from c�lo,
+  to engrave."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mr. Wright (<i>The Celt, Roman, and Saxon</i>, p. 73.) says that
+  Hearne first applied the word to such implements in <i>bronze</i>,
+  believing them to be "Roman <i>celtes</i> or chisels;" and
+  that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Subsequent writers, ascribing these instruments to the Britons, have
+  retained the name, forgetting its origin, and have applied it
+  indiscriminately, not only to other implements of bronze, but even to the
+  analogous instruments of <i>stone</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And he objects to the term "as too generally implying that things to
+  which it is applied are Celtic." On the other hand, Dr. Wilson
+  (<i>Prehistoric Annals</i>, p. 129.) prefers to retain the word, inasmuch
+  as the Welsh etymologists, Owen and Spurrell, furnish an ancient
+  Cambro-British word <i>celt</i>, a flint stone. M. Worsaae (<i>Primeval
+  Antiq.</i>, p. 26.) confines the term to those instruments of bronze
+  which have a hollow socket to receive a wooden handle; the other forms
+  being called paalstabs on the Continent. It seems clear that there is no
+  connexion between this word and the name of the nation (<i>Celt�</i>);
+  but its true origin may perhaps be elicited by a little discussion in the
+  pages of "N. &amp; Q."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. R. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ancient Superstition against the King of England entering or even
+  beholding the Town of Leicester.</i>&mdash;The existence of a
+  superstition to this effect is recorded in Rishanger's <i>Chronicle</i>,
+  and also, as I am informed, in that of Thomas Wikes; but this I have not
+  at present an opportunity of consulting.</p>
+
+  <p>Rishanger's words are:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Rex [Henricus III.] autem, capta Norhamptun., Leycestr. tendens, in
+  ea hospitatus est, quam nullus regni pr�ter eum etiam videre,
+  prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiose, pr�sumpsit."&mdash;P. 26.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is also mentioned by Matthew of Westminster. (Vide Bohn's edition,
+  vol. ii. p. 412.) The statement, that no king before Henry III. had
+  entered the town, is however incorrect, as William the Conqueror and King
+  John are instances to the contrary.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of this
+  superstition, or favour me with any farther notices respecting it?</p>
+
+  <p>It is not unworthy of observation that very many of the royal
+  personages who have visited Leicester, have been either unfortunate in
+  their lives, or have met with tragical deaths.</p>
+
+  <p>We may, however, hope, for the credit of the town, that their
+  misfortunes may be attributed to other causes, rather than to their
+  presence within its time-hallowed walls.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Kelly.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leicester.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Burton.</i>&mdash;Is there any family of this name who can make out
+  a descent from, or connexion with, a Mr. John Burton, alderman of
+  Doncaster, who died 1718?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Camera Lucida.</i>&mdash;I should feel much obliged to any
+  reader of "N. &amp; Q." who would be kind enough to answer the following
+  questions, and refer me to any work treating of the handling and
+  management of the Camera Lucida. I have one made by King of Bristol, and
+  purchased about thirty years ago: it draws out, like a telescope, in
+  three pieces, each six inches long; and at full length will give a
+  picture of the dimensions of twenty inches by twelve. The upper piece is
+  marked from above downwards, thus: at two inches below the lens, "2;" at
+  an inch below that point, "3;" at half an inch lower, "4;" at half an
+  inch lower still, "5;" half an inch below the point "5," a "7" is marked;
+  and half an inch below the "7," there is a "10;" at seven-eighths below
+  this last, "D" is marked. What reference have these nicely graduated
+  points to the distance of an object from the instrument? Do the figures
+  merely determine the size of the picture to be taken? How is one to be
+  guided in their use and application to practice?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Caret</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Francis Moore.</i>&mdash;Francis Moore was born at Bakewell about
+  the year 1592, and was Proctor of Lichfield Cathedral at the time of the
+  Great Rebellion. I am anxious to know who were his parents, and what
+  their place of abode.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle.</i>&mdash;What were the family arms of
+  Dr. John Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, who died October 29, 1734? Was he of
+  a Scotch family, and are any of his descendants now living?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rufus</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Palace at Enfield.</i>&mdash;We read that there was formerly a
+  royal palace at Enfield in Middlesex, ten miles north from London; and
+  one room still <!-- Page 272 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page272"></a>{272}</span>remains in its original state. Can you, or
+  any of your subscribers, inform me whereabouts in the town it is
+  situated? Also, the date of erection of the church?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hazelwood</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Solamen miseris," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;Please to state in what author
+  is the following line? No one knows.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Constant Reader</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Soke Mills.</i>&mdash;Correspondents are requested to communicate
+  the names of "Soke" or Manorial Mills, to which the suit is still
+  enforced.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Second Wife of Mallet.</i>&mdash;The second wife of Mallet was Lucy
+  Elstob, a Yorkshire lady, daughter of a steward of the Earl of Carlisle.
+  Can any of your readers inform me at what place in Yorkshire her father
+  resided, and where the marriage with Mallet in 1742 took place? She
+  survived her husband, and lived to the age of eighty years. Where did she
+  die, and what family did Mallet leave by his two wives?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leamington.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Books burned by the Common Hangman.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Historia Anglo-Scotica: or an Impartial History of all that happen'd
+  between the kings and kingdoms of England and Scotland from the beginning
+  of the Reign of <i>William the Conqueror</i> to the Reign of Queen
+  Elizabeth, &amp;c., by James Drake, M.D., 8vo., London, 1703."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Of this work it is said, in a note in the <i>Catalogue</i> of Geo.
+  Chalmers' library (fourth day's sale, Sept. 30, 1841), that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"On June 30, 1703, the Scotch parliament ordered this book to be
+  burned by the hands of the common hangman, and that the magistrates of
+  Edinburgh should see it carried into effect at eleven o'clock on the
+  following day."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Will any correspondent of yours furnish me with some notice of Dr.
+  Drake, the author, and also explain the ground of offence upon which his
+  book was condemned? I confess to be unable to discover anything to
+  offend; neither, as it seems, could Mr. Surtees, for he says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I quote Drake's <i>Historia Anglo-Scotica</i>, 1703, a book which,
+  for what reason I never could discover, was ordered to be burned by the
+  common hangman."&mdash;<i>History of Durham</i>, vol. iv. p. 55. note
+  <i>l</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Any notices of books which have been signalised by being subjected to
+  similar condemnation, would much interest me, and perhaps others of your
+  readers.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The ground of offence for burning the <i>Historia Anglo-Scotica</i>
+  is stated in <i>The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland</i>, vol. xi. p.
+  66., viz.: "Ordered, that a book published by the title of <i>Historia
+  Anglo-Scotica</i>, by James Drake, M.D., and dedicated to Sir Edward
+  Symour containing many false and injurious reflections upon the
+  sovereignty and independence of this crown and nation, be burnt by the
+  hand of the common hangman at the mercat Cross of Edinburgh, at eleven
+  o'clock to-morrow (July 1, 1703), and the magistrates of Edinburgh
+  appointed to see the order punctually executed." It would appear from the
+  dedication prefixed to this work, that Drake merely pretended to edit it,
+  for he says, that "upon a diligent revisal, in order, if possible, to
+  discover the name of the author, and the age of his writing, he found
+  that it was written in, or at least not finished till, the time of
+  Charles I." But he says nothing more of the MS., nor how it came into his
+  hands. A notice of Dr. Drake is given in Chalmers's <i>Biographical
+  Dictionary</i>, and in the preface to <i>The Memorial of the Church of
+  England</i>, edit. 1711, which was also burnt by the common hangman in
+  1705. See "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. iii., p. 519.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Captain George Cusack.</i>&mdash;It appears by an affidavit made by
+  a Mr. Thomas Nugent in the year 1674, and now of record in the Exchequer
+  Record Office, Dublin, that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He, being on or about the 20th of September preceding in London, was
+  by one Mr. Patrick Dowdall desired to goe along with him to see one
+  George Cusack, then in prison there for severall hainous offences
+  alleadged to have beene by him committed, which he could not do by reason
+  of other occasions; but having within two or three days afterwards mett
+  with Mr. Dowdall, was told by him that he had since their last meeting
+  seene the said Cusack in prison (being the Marshalsea in Southwark) with
+  bolts on, and that none of Cusack's men who were alsoe in prison were
+  bolted:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>that on the 11th of November Cusack was still in restraint, and not as
+  yet come to his trial:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That there were <i>bookes written of the said Cusack's offences</i>,
+  which he heard cryed about in the streets of London to be sold, and that
+  y<sup>e</sup> generall opinion and talke was that the said Cusack should
+  suffer death for his crimes."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>By a fragment of an affidavit made by a Mr. Morgan O'Bryen, of the
+  Middle Temple, London, it appears that this man was a Captain George
+  Cusack, who, I presume, was a pirate. May I take leave to ask, are the
+  above-mentioned books in existence, and where are they to be found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James F. Ferguson</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In the British Museum is the following pamphlet:&mdash;"The Grand
+  Pyrate: or the Life and Death of Captain George Cusack, the Great
+  Sea-Robber, with an Accompt of all his notorious Robberies both at Sea
+  and Land; together with his Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution. Taken by
+  an Impartial Hand." London, 1676, pp. 24. 4to.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Ralph Winwood.</i>&mdash;I am particularly desirous of
+  obtaining some information respecting <!-- Page 273 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page273"></a>{273}</span>Sir Ralph Winwood,
+  private secretary to James I., and should feel much obliged if any of
+  your numerous correspondents would favour me with anything they may know
+  concerning him, or with the titles of any works in which his name is
+  mentioned.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. P. W. R.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Biographical notices of Sir Ralph Winwood will be found in
+  <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, Supplement; Lloyd's <i>State Worthies</i>;
+  Wood's <i>Athen�</i>; Granger and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionaries.
+  Sir F. Drake's Voyage, by T. Maynarde, is dedicated to him. Letters to
+  him from Sir Thomas Roe, in 1615, 1616, are in the British Museum, Add.
+  MS. 6115. fol. 71. 75. 146. And a letter to him from Sir Dudley Carlton
+  will be found in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lvii. p. 143. The
+  Diaries of the time of James I. may also be consulted; a list of them is
+  given in "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. vi., p. 363.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 93.)</p>
+
+  <p>The authority for this ancient custom appears to be derived from an
+  act of the Convocation which assembled in 1562. Strype informs us
+  (<i>Annals</i>, vol. i. c. 27.) that at this Convocation the following
+  injunctions were given:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"First, That a Catechism be set forth in Latin, which is already done
+  by Mr. Dean of Paul's [Dean Nowell], and wanteth only viewing. Secondly,
+  That certain Articles [the Thirty-nine Articles], containing the
+  principal grounds of Christian religion, be set forth much like to such
+  Articles as were set forth a little before the death of King Edward, of
+  which Articles the most part may be used with additions and corrections
+  as shall be thought convenient. Thirdly, That to these Articles also be
+  adjoined the <i>Apology</i>, writ by Bishop Jewell, lately set forth
+  after it, hath been once again revised and so augmented and corrected as
+  occasion serveth. That these be joined in <i>one</i> book; and by common
+  consent authorised as containing true doctrine, and be enjoined to be
+  taught the youth in the Universities and grammar schools throughout the
+  realm, and also in cathedral churches, and collegiate, and in private
+  houses: and that whosoever shall preach, declare, write, or speak
+  anything in derogation, depraving or despising of the said book, or any
+  doctrine therein contained, and be thereof lawfully convicted before any
+  ordinary, &amp;c., he shall be ordered as in case of heresy, or else
+  shall be punished as is appointed for those that offend and speak against
+  the Book of Common Prayer, set forth in the first year of the Queen's
+  Majesty's reign that now is: that is to say, he shall for the first
+  offence forfeit 100 marks; for the second offence, 400 marks; and for the
+  third offence, all his goods and chattels, and shall suffer imprisonment
+  during life."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is probable that this book found a place in churches as affording a
+  standard of orthodoxy easy of reference to congregations in times not
+  sufficiently remote from the Reformation, to render the preaching of
+  Romish doctrines unlikely. This, if the surmise be correct, would be
+  emphatically to bring the officiating minister to book. In Prestwich
+  Church, the desk yet remains, together with the "Book of Articles," bound
+  up as prescribed with Jewel's <i>Apology</i> (black-letter, 1611), but
+  the chain has disappeared. The neighbouring church of Bingley has also
+  its desk, to which the chain is still attached; but the "Book of
+  Articles" has given place to some more modern volume.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Booker</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Prestwich.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Simpson</span> will find some account of the
+  <i>Paraphrase of Erasmus</i> so chained (of which he says he cannot recal
+  an instance) at Vol i., p. 172., and Vol. v., p. 332.</p>
+
+  <p>The following list (remains of which more or less perfect, with chains
+  appended, are still extant) will probably be interesting to many of your
+  readers:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.</p>
+      <p>Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.</p>
+      <p>Origen against Celsus.</p>
+      <p>Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.</p>
+      <p>Lira vpon the Kings, &amp;c.</p>
+      <p>Theophilact vpon the New Testam<sup>t</sup>.</p>
+      <p>Beda vpon Luke and other P<sup>ts</sup> of the Testam<sup>t</sup>.</p>
+      <p>Opuscula Augustini, thome x.</p>
+      <p>Augustini Questiones in Nou&#x16B; Testament&#x16B;.</p>
+      <p>The Paraphrase of Erasmus.</p>
+      <p>The Defence of the Apologye.</p>
+      <p>Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."</p>
+      <p class="i4">From Ecclesfield Church accounts.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Eastwood</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>In Malvern Abbey Church is a copy of Dean Comber's <i>Companion to the
+  Temple</i>, chained to a desk, and bearing a written inscription to the
+  effect that it should never be removed out of the church; but should
+  remain chained to its desk for ever, for the use of any parishioner who
+  might choose to come in and read it there.</p>
+
+  <p>N. B. I have mislaid my copy of this inscription: and should feel
+  greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who may be residing in or
+  near Great Malvern, for a transcript of it. As it may be thought somewhat
+  long for your pages, perhaps some correspondent would kindly copy it out
+  for me, and inclose it to Rev. <span class="sc">H.&nbsp;T. Griffith</span>,
+  Hull.</p>
+
+  <p>University Club.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>EPITAPHS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii. <i>passim.</i>)</p>
+
+  <p>A goodly collection of singular epitaphs has appeared in "N. &amp;
+  Q."; but I believe it yet lacks <!-- Page 274 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page274"></a>{274}</span>a specimen of the following
+  tomfoolery&mdash;an initial epitaph. Green, in his <i>History of
+  Worcester</i>, gives the following inscription from a monument under the
+  north-west window of St. Andrew's Church in that city:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Short of Weight.</p>
+      <p class="i2">H L T B O</p>
+      <p class="i3">R W</p>
+      <p class="i1">I H O A J R</p>
+      <p>A D 1780 &nbsp; &nbsp; A 63."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Green adds the following explanation of this riddle:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In <i>full measure</i> it would have stood thus: 'Here Lieth The Body
+  Of Richard Weston, In Hopes Of A Joyful Resurrection. Anno Domini 1780.
+  Aged 63.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Richard Weston was a baker, and the "Short of weight" gives the clue
+  to the nature of his dealings, and also to the right reading of the
+  epitaph.</p>
+
+  <p>The following is from Ombersley Churchyard, Worcestershire:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Sharp was her wit,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Mild was her nature;</p>
+      <p>A tender wife,</p>
+      <p class="i1">A good humoured creature."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>From the churchyard of St. John, Worcester:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Honest John's</p>
+      <p>Dead and gone."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>From the churchyard of Cofton Hackett, Worcestershire, are the two
+  following:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Here lieth the body of John Galey, sen., in expectation of the Last
+  Day. What sort of man he was that day will discover. He was clerk of this
+  parish fifty-five years. He died in 1756, aged 75."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The next is also to a Galey. Your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">Pictor</span> (Vol. viii., p. 98.) gives the same epitaph,
+  slightly altered, as being at Wingfield, Suffolk:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),</p>
+      <p>An honest man's the noblest work of <span class="sc">God</span>.</p>
+      <p>If this assertion is from error clear,</p>
+      <p>One of the noblest works of <span class="sc">God</span> lies here."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>From Alvechurch, Worcestershire; to a man and wife:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He, an honest, good-natured, worthy man; she, as eminent for conjugal
+  and maternal virtues during her marriage and widowhood, as she had been
+  before for amiable delicacy of person and manners."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following, which is probably not to be surpassed, appeared in one
+  of the earliest numbers of <i>Household Words</i>. It is from the
+  churchyard of Pewsey, Wiltshire:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Here lies the body of Lady O'Looney, great-niece of Burke, commonly
+  called the Sublime. She was bland, passionate, and deeply religious:
+  also, she painted in water-colours, and sent several pictures to the
+  Exhibition. She was first cousin to Lady Jones: and of such is the
+  kingdom of heaven."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p>If epitaphs of recent date are admitted in "N. &amp; Q.," perhaps the
+  following, upon an editor, which lately appeared in the <i>Halifax
+  Colonist</i>, may not be out of place in your publication:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Here <i>lies</i> an editor!</p>
+      <p class="i1"><i>Snooks</i> if you will;</p>
+      <p>In mercy, kind Providence,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Let him <i>lie still</i>.</p>
+      <p>He <i>lied</i> for his living: so</p>
+      <p class="i1">He lived, while he <i>lied</i>,</p>
+      <p>When he could not <i>lie longer</i>,</p>
+      <p class="i1">He <i>lied</i> down, and died."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,</p>
+      <p>I believe there never was such another;</p>
+      <p>She had a head to earn and a heart to give,</p>
+      <p>And many poor she did relieve.</p>
+      <p>She lived in virtue and in virtue died,</p>
+      <p>And now in Heaven she doth reside.</p>
+      <p>Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,</p>
+      <p>If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.</p>
+      <p>And when I am lying by her side,</p>
+      <p>Who was in life her daily pride,</p>
+      <p>Tho' she's confined in coffins three,</p>
+      <p>She'd leave them all and come to me!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The above lines, written on a tablet in a church at Exeter, were
+  composed by Mr. Tuckett, tallow-chandler, to the memory of his wife. An
+  old subscriber of "N. &amp; Q." thinks this epitaph more strange and
+  curious than any which has yet appeared in the columns of that valuable
+  publication.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 507.)</p>
+
+  <p>I copy the following from the fly-leaf of <i>A Treatise of
+  Ecclesiastical Benefices and Revenues</i>, by the learned Father Paul,
+  translated by Tobias Jenkins, 8vo., Westminster, 1736:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Bibliotheca de Bassingbourn in Com. Cant. Dono dedit Edvardus
+  Nightingale de Kneeseworth Armiger Filius et Hares Fundatoris. Feb.
+  1<sup>mo</sup>, 1735<sup>to</sup>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>How the volume got out of the library I know not: it was purchased
+  some years since at a sale in Oxford.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Y. B. N. J.</p>
+
+  <p>To the list of parochial libraries allow me to add that of Denchworth,
+  near Wantage, Berks. In a small apartment over the porch, the
+  <i>parvise</i>, I recollect, some years since, to have seen a very fair
+  collection of old divinity, the books being, all of them, confined by
+  chains, according to the ancient usage, an instance of which I never saw
+  elsewhere. <!-- Page 275 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page275"></a>{275}</span></p>
+
+  <p>At St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, there is also a collection of books,
+  mostly the gift of the Newtes, Richard (rejected in 1646 and restored in
+  1660), and John his son, rectors of the portions of Tidcombe and Clare in
+  that church. The books are preserved in a room over the vestry.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>Another <i>venerable</i> archdeacon now living permitted the
+  churchwardens of Swaffham to give him a fine copy of Cranmer's Bible
+  belonging to the church library.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. Z. Z. S.</p>
+
+  <p>Add to the list Finedon, in Northamptonshire, where there is a
+  collection of upwards of 1000 volumes in the parvise over the porch.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>"UP, GUARDS, AND AT THEM!"</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., pp. 111. 184.)</p>
+
+  <p>The authority for the Duke of Wellington having used these words at
+  the battle of Waterloo is Capt. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, in a
+  letter written a few days after the battle, published in Booth's
+  <i>Battle of Waterloo</i>, and illustrated by George Jones, Esq., R.A.,
+  who is believed to have superintended the whole publication. I append the
+  extract:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Upon the cavalry being repulsed, the Duke himself ordered our second
+  battalion to form line with the third battalion, and, after advancing to
+  the brow of the hill, to lie down and shelter ourselves from the fire.
+  Here we remained, I imagine, near an hour. It was now about seven
+  o'clock. The French infantry had in vain been brought against our line
+  and, as a last resource, Buonaparte resolved upon attacking our part of
+  the position with his veteran Imperial Guard, promising them the plunder
+  of Brussels. Their artillery and they advanced in solid column to where
+  we lay. The Duke, who was riding behind us, watched their approach; and
+  at length, when within a hundred yards of us, exclaimed 'Up, guards, and
+  at them again!' Never was there a prouder moment than this for our
+  country or ourselves," &amp;c.&mdash;Second Letter of Capt. Batty,
+  Grenadier Guards, dated June 22, 1815, from the village of Gommignies;
+  his First Letter being dated Bavay, June 21, 1815.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This circumstantial account, written so few days after the battle,
+  detailing affirmatively the command to the guards as heard by one of
+  themselves, will probably countervail the negative testimony of C. as
+  derived from the Duke's want of recollection: as well as the "Goodly
+  Botherby's" of <span class="sc">Mr. Cuthbert Bede</span>. As an instance
+  of the Duke's impressions of the battle, I may add, that he stated that
+  there was <i>no smoke</i>, though Mr. Jones told me, that when he was on
+  the ground two days afterwards the smoke was still hanging over it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Frank Howard</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Muller's Process.</i>&mdash;<span class="sc">Mr. Sisson</span>
+  inquires for any one's experience in the use of the above formula, and I
+  beg to say I remember when it was published I tried it, but gave it up.
+  It is an excellent plan, but requires improvement. The following were my
+  objections:</p>
+
+  <p>If the objects are not well illuminated by the sun, the image is not
+  sharp. The skies taken are singularly the reverse of the iodide-of-potash
+  method, as they are almost transparent.</p>
+
+  <p>The solutions of iron are a constant trouble by precipitating.</p>
+
+  <p>It has the same disadvantages as other modes on paper from inequality
+  in the strength of the image. The photographic <i>pons asinorum</i>
+  appears however to be got over by the process, viz. taking the picture at
+  once in the camera, and it is very possible that it can be made perfect.
+  A small quantity of chromate of potash, about one grain to three ounces
+  of solution of iodide of iron, gives a little more force to the
+  picture.</p>
+
+  <p>I find the nitrate of lead a very useful salt in iodizing paper. Six
+  grains of the salt to the ounce of water, and tincture of iodine added
+  till a pale yellow, will give additional sensitiveness to iodized paper,
+  if the sheets are floated upon the solution. This will shorten the time
+  in the camera nearly five minutes; but it requires care, as it is apt to
+  solarize.</p>
+
+  <p>A weak solution of iodide of iron has also the same effect, and, if
+  blotted off at once, it will not blacken by the use of gallic acid.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bayswater.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Stereoscopic Angles.</i>&mdash;When I last addressed you, I fancied
+  I should set the stereoscopic-angle question at rest. It appears,
+  however, that <span class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span> is unconvinced, and
+  as I alone (to the best of my knowledge) have defined and solved the
+  problem in relation to this subject, you will perhaps allow me to offer a
+  few words in rejoinder to <span class="sc">Mr. S.'s</span> arguments
+  which, had that gentleman thought more closely, would not have been
+  advanced. This is also requisite, because, from their speciousness, they
+  are likely to mislead such as take what they read for granted. <span
+  class="sc">Mr. S.</span> says that when the stereographs are placed at
+  the same distance from the eyes as the focal length of the lens, that 2�
+  inches is the best space for the cameras to be apart; and that were this
+  space increased, the result would be as though the pictures were taken
+  from models. To this I reply, that the only correct space for the cameras
+  to be apart is 2� inches (<i>i. e.</i> the space usually found to be from
+  pupil to pupil of our eyes), and this under every circumstance; and that
+  any departure from this must produce error. As to the model-like
+  appearance, I cannot see the reason of <!-- Page 276 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page276"></a>{276}</span>it. Next <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span> says, and rightly, that when the pictures
+  are seen from a less distance than the focal length of the lens, they
+  appear to be increased in bulk. But the "obvious remedy" I pronounce to
+  be wrong, as it must produce error. The remedy is nevertheless obvious,
+  and consists in placing the stereographs at the same distance from the
+  eyes as the focal length of the lens. But, if this cannot be done, it
+  were surely better to submit to some trifling exaggeration than to
+  absolute deformity and error. <span class="sc">Mr. S.</span> says also,
+  that as we mainly judge of distance, &amp;c. by the convergence of the
+  optic axis of our eyes (Query, How do persons with only one eye judge?),
+  so, in short or medium distances, it were better to let the camera
+  radiate from its centre to the principal object to be delineated. The
+  result of this must be error, as the following illustration will show.
+  Let the sitter (for it is especially recommended in portraits) hold
+  before him, horizontally, and in parallelism with the picture, a ruler
+  two feet long; and let planes parallel to the ruler pass through the
+  sitter's ears, eyes, nose, &amp;c. The consequence would be that the
+  ruler, and all the other planes parallel to it, would have two vanishing
+  points, and all the features be erroneously rendered. This, to any one
+  conversant with perspective, should suffice. But, as all are not
+  acquainted with perspective, perhaps the following illustration may prove
+  more convincing. Suppose an ass to stand facing the observer; a boy
+  astride him, with a big drum placed before him. Now, under the treatment
+  recommended by <span class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span>, both sides of the
+  ass would be visible; both the boy's legs; and the drum would have two
+  heads. This would be untrue, absurd, ridiculous, and quite as wonderful
+  as Mr. Fenton's twelve-feet span view from across the Thames.</p>
+
+  <p>Once more, and I shall have done with the present arguments of <span
+  class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span>. He says that the two pictures should
+  have exactly the same range of vision. This I deny: for, were it so,
+  there would be no stereoscopic effect. Let the object be a column: it is
+  evident that a tangent to the left side of the column from the right eye,
+  could not extend so far to the left as a tangent to the left side of the
+  column from the left eye, and <i>vice vers�</i>. And it is only by this
+  difference in the two pictures (or, in other words, the range of vision)
+  that our conceptions of solidity are created. This is not exactly the
+  test to suit the views of <span class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span>, as I am
+  quite aware; but I chose it for its simplicity, and because it will bear
+  demonstration; and my desire has been to elicit truth, and not to
+  perpetuate error.</p>
+
+  <p>In conclusion, I beg to refer <span class="sc">Mr. G. Shadbolt</span>
+  to my definition and solution of the stereoscopic problem&mdash;which I
+  then said I <i>believed</i>&mdash;but which I now unhesitatingly
+  <i>assert</i> to be correct.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. L. Marriott</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ammonio-nitrate of Silver.</i>&mdash;The inability of your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">Philo-pho</span>. to form the
+  ammonio-nitrate of silver from a solution of nitrate of silver, which has
+  been used to excite albumenized paper, is in all probability owing to the
+  presence of a small quantity of nitrate of ammonia, which has been
+  imparted to the solution by the paper.</p>
+
+  <p>Salts of ammonia form, with those of silver, double salts, from which
+  the oxide of silver is not precipitated by the alkalies.</p>
+
+  <p>I cannot however explain how it was that the solution had lost none of
+  its silver, for the paper could not in such case have been rendered
+  sensitive.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Leachman</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">20. Compton Terrace, Islington.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Thomas Elyot</i> (Vol. viii., p. 220.).&mdash;Particulars
+  respecting this once celebrated diplomatist and scholar may be collected
+  from Bernet's <i>Hist. Reformation</i>, ed. 1841, i. 95.; Strype's
+  <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, i. 221. 263., Append. No. LXII.; Ellis's
+  <i>Letters</i>, ii. 113.; <i>Arch�ologia</i>, xxxiii.; Wright's
+  <i>Suppression of Monasteries</i>, 140.; <i>Lelandi Encomia</i>, 83.;
+  Leland's <i>Collectanea</i>, iv. 136-148.; <i>Retrospective Review</i>,
+  ii. 381.; <i>Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary</i>, 82. 230.;
+  Chamberlain's <i>Holbein Heads</i>; Smith's <i>Autographs</i>; Fuller's
+  <i>Worthies</i> (Cambridgeshire); Wood's <i>Athen� Oxonienses</i>, i.
+  58.; Lysons' <i>Cambridgeshire</i>, 159.</p>
+
+  <p>The grant of Carlton cum Willingham in Cambridgeshire to Sir Thomas
+  Elliot and his wife is enrolled in the Exchequer (<i>Originalia</i>, 32
+  Hen. VIII., pars 3. rot. 22. vel 221.); and amongst the Inquisitions
+  filed in that Court is one taken after his death (<i>Cant. and Hunt.</i>,
+  37 vel 38 Hen. VIII.).</p>
+
+  <p>I believe it will be found on investigation, that Sir Richard Elyot
+  (the father of Sir Thomas) was of Wiltshire rather than of Suffolk. See
+  Leland's <i>Collectanea</i>, iv. 141. n., and an Inquisition in the
+  Exchequer of the date of 6 or 7 Hen. VIII. thus described in the
+  Calendar: "de manerio de Wanborough com. Wiltes proficua cujus manerii
+  Ricardus Eliot percepit."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Judges styled "Reverend"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 158.).&mdash;As it is
+  more than probable that your pages may in future be referred to as
+  authority for any statement they contain, especially when the fact they
+  announce is vouched by so valued a name as that of my friend <span
+  class="sc">York Herald</span>, I am sure that he will excuse me for
+  correcting an error into which he has fallen, the more especially as Lord
+  Campbell is equally mistaken (<i>Lord Chancellors</i>, i. 539.).</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">York Herald</span> states, that "Anthony Fitz-Herbert
+  was appointed Chief Justice of the Common <!-- Page 277 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page277"></a>{277}</span>Pleas in 1523, and died
+  in 30 Henry VIII." Fitz-Herbert was never <i>Chief Justice</i>. He was
+  made a judge of the Common Pleas in 1522; and so continued till his death
+  at the time mentioned, 1538. During that period, the office of Chief
+  Justice of the Common Pleas was successively held by Sir Thomas Brudenell
+  till 1531, by Sir Robert Norwich till 1535, and then by Sir John Baldwin,
+  who was Chief Justice at the time of Fitz-Herbert's death.</p>
+
+  <p>William Rastall (afterwards Judge), in the early part of his career,
+  joined his father in the printing business, and there are several books
+  with his imprimatur. It was during that time probably that he formed the
+  table to the <i>Natura Brevium</i> of Anthony Fitz-Herbert, mentioned in
+  the title-page to <span class="sc">York Herald's</span> volume.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Hurrah" and other War-cries</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633.; Vol.
+  viii., pp. 20. 88.).&mdash;<i>Hurrah</i> is the war-cry of many nations,
+  both in the army and navy. The Dutch seem to have adopted it from the
+  Russians, <i>poeta invito</i>, as we see in the following verses of
+  Staring van den Willenborg:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Is 't hoera? Is 't hoera?</p>
+      <p>Wat drommel kan 't u schelen?</p>
+      <p class="i1">Brul, smeek ik, geen Kozakken na!</p>
+      <p>Als Fredrik's batterij�n spelen&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Als Willem's trommen slaan</p>
+      <p class="i1">Blijv' Ne�rland's oorlogskreet: 'Val aan!'</p>
+      <p>Waar jong en oud de vreugd der overwinning deelen,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Bij Quatre-Bras' trofee,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Blijve ons gejuich <i>Hoezee</i>!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Accept or reject this doggerel translation:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Is it hurrah? Is it hurrah?</p>
+      <p>What does that concern you, pray?</p>
+      <p>Howl not like Cossacks of the Don!</p>
+      <p>But, when Frederic's batteries pour&mdash;</p>
+      <p>When William's drums do roar&mdash;</p>
+      <p>Holland's war-cry still be 'Fall on!'</p>
+      <p>When old and young</p>
+      <p>Raise the victor's song,</p>
+      <p>At Quatre-Bras' trophy,</p>
+      <p>Let <i>Huzzah</i> our joy-cry be!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Hoera</i> (hurrah) and <i>hoezee</i> (huzza), then, in the opinion
+  of Staring, and indeed of many others, have not the same origin. Some
+  have derived <i>hoezee</i> from <i>hauss�</i>, a French word of applause
+  at the hoisting (Fr. <i>hausser</i>) of the admiral's flag. Bilderdijk
+  derives it from Hussein, a famous Turkish warrior, whose memory is still
+  celebrated. Dr. Brill says, "<i>hoezee</i> seems to be only another mode
+  of pronouncing the German <i>juchh�</i>." Van Iperen thinks it taken from
+  the Jewish shout, "Hosanna!" Siegenbeek finds "the origin of
+  <i>hoezee</i> in the shout of encouragement, 'Hou zee!' (hold sea)." Dr.
+  Jager cites a Flemish author, who says "that this cry ('hou zee,' in
+  French, <i>tiens mer</i>) seems especially to belong to us; since it was
+  formerly the custom of our seamen always 'zee te houden' (to keep the
+  sea), and never to seek shelter from storms." Dr. Jager, however, thinks
+  it rather doubtful "that our <i>hoezee</i> should come from 'hou zee,'
+  especially since we find a like cry in other languages." In old French
+  <i>huz</i> signified a cry, a shout; and the verb <i>huzzer</i>, or
+  <i>hucher</i>, to cry, to shout; and in Dutch <i>husschen</i> had the
+  same meaning.&mdash;From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Major Andr�</i> (Vol. viii., p. 174).&mdash;The sisters of Major
+  Andr� lived until a comparatively very recent date in the Circus at Bath,
+  and this fact may point <span class="sc">Serviens</span> to inquiries in
+  that city.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. F.</p>
+
+  <p>In reply to <span class="sc">Serviens's</span> Query about Major
+  Andr�, I beg to inform him that there is a good picture of the Major by
+  Sir Joshua Reynolds in the house of Mrs. Fenning, at Tonbridge Wells,
+  who, I have no doubt, would be enabled to give him some particulars
+  respecting his life.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. H. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Early Edition of the New Testament</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  219.).&mdash;The book, about which your correspondent <span class="sc">A.
+  Boardman</span> inquires, is an imperfect copy of Tyndale's <i>Version of
+  the New Testament</i>: probably it is one of the <i>first edition</i>; if
+  so, it was printed at Antwerp in 1526; but if it be one of the second
+  edition, it was printed, I believe, at the same place in 1534. Those
+  excellent and indefatigable publishers, Messrs. Bagster &amp; Sons, have
+  within the last few years reprinted both these editions; and if your
+  correspondent would apply to them, I have no doubt but they will be able
+  to resolve him on all the points of his inquiry.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. B&mdash;&mdash;w.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge</i> (Vol. vii., p. 571. Vol. viii.,
+  pp. 37. 83.).&mdash;As this question is still open, I forward you the
+  translation of an article inserted by me in the first volume of the
+  <i>Navorscher</i>. Lozenge-formed shields have not been always, nor
+  exclusively, used by ladies; for, in a collection of arms from 1094 to
+  1649 (see <i>Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from Scottish
+  Seals</i>, by Laing, Edinburgh) are many examples of ladies' arms, but
+  not one in which the shield has any other form than that used at the time
+  by men. In England, however, as early as the fourteenth century, the
+  lozenge was sometimes used by ladies, though perhaps only by widows.
+  Nisbet (<i>System of Heraldry</i>, ii. 35.) mentions a lozenge-formed
+  seal of Johanna Beaufort, Queen Dowager of Scotland, attached to a
+  parchment in 1439; while her arms, at an earlier period, were borne on a
+  common shield (<i>Gent. Mag.</i>, April, 1851). In France the use of the
+  lozenge for ladies was very general; yet in the great work of Flacchio
+  (<i>G�n�alogie de la Maison de la Tour</i>) are found several hundred
+  examples of ladies' arms on oval <!-- Page 278 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page278"></a>{278}</span>shields; and in
+  <i>Vredii Genealogia comitum Flandri�</i> (p. 130.), on shields rounded
+  off below. On the other hand, lozenges have sometimes been used by men:
+  for instance, on a seal of Ferdinand, Infant of Spain, in Vredius, l. c.
+  p. 148.; also on a dollar of Count Maurice of Hanau, in Kohler's
+  <i>M�ntzbelustig</i>. 14. See again the arms of the Count of Sickingen,
+  in Siebmacher, Suppl. xi. 2. So much for the use of the lozenge. Most
+  explanations of its origin appear equally far-fetched. That of
+  Menestrier, in his <i>Pratique des Armoires</i> (p. 14.), seems to me the
+  least forced. He derives the French name <i>lozange</i> from the Dutch
+  <i>lofzang</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In Holland," he says, "the custom prevails every year, in May, to
+  affix verses and <i>lofzangen</i> (songs of praise) in lozenge-formed
+  tablets on the doors of newly-made magistrates. Young men hung such
+  tablets on the doors of their sweethearts, or newly-married persons. Also
+  on the death of distinguished persons, lozenge-shaped pieces of black
+  cloth or velvet, with the arms, name, and date of the death of the
+  deceased, were exhibited on the front of the house. And since <i>there is
+  little to be said of women, except on their marriage or death, for this
+  reason has it become customary on all occasions to use for them the
+  lozenge-shaped shield</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In confirmation of this may be mentioned, that formerly <i>lozange</i>
+  and <i>lozanger</i> were used in the French for <i>louange</i> and
+  <i>louer</i>; of which Menestrier, in the above-quoted work (p. 431.),
+  cites several instances.</p>
+
+  <p>Besides the conjectures mentioned by H. C. K. and <span
+  class="sc">Broctuna</span>, may be cited that of Laboureur: who finds
+  both the form and the name in the Greek word <span title="oxug�nios" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F40;&xi;&upsilon;&gamma;&#x1F7D;&nu;&iota;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>
+  (<i>ozenge</i> with the article, <i>l'ozenge</i>); and of Scaliger, who
+  discovers <i>lausangia</i> in <i>laurangia</i>, <i>lauri folia</i>. See
+  farther, Bernd. <i>Wapenwesen</i>, Bonn, 1841.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Scott</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>Norwich.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir William Hankford</i> (Vol. ii., p. 161. &amp;c.).&mdash;Your
+  learned correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Edward Foss</span> proves
+  satisfactorily that Sir W. Gascoigne was not retained in his office of
+  Chief Justice by King Hen. V. But <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span> seems
+  to have overlooked entirely the Devonshire tradition, which represents
+  Sir William <i>Hankford</i> (Gascoigne's successor) to be the judge who
+  committed Prince Henry. Risdon (<i>v</i>. Bulkworthy, <i>Survey of
+  Devon</i>, ed. 1811, p. 246.), after mentioning a chapel built by Sir W.
+  Hankford, gives this account of the matter:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This is that deserving judge, that did justice upon the king's son
+  (afterwards King Henry V.), who, when he was yet prince, commanded him to
+  free a servant of his, arraigned for felony at the king's bench bar;
+  whereat the judge replied, he would not. Herewith the prince, enraged,
+  essayed himself to enlarge the prisoner, but the judge forbad; insomuch
+  as the prince in fury stept up to the bench, and gave the judge a blow on
+  the face, who, nothing thereat daunted, told him boldly: 'If you will not
+  obey your sovereign's laws, who shall obey you when you shall be king?
+  Wherefore, in the king's (your father's) name, I command you prisoner to
+  the king's bench.' Whereat the prince, abashed, departed to prison. When
+  King Henry IV., his father, was advertised thereof (as fast flieth fame),
+  after he had examined the circumstances of the matter, he rejoiced to
+  have a son so obedient to his laws, and a judge of such integrity to
+  administer justice without fear or favour of the person; but withal
+  dismissed the prince from his place of president of the council, which he
+  conferred on his second son."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Risdon makes no mention of Sir W. Hankford's being retained in office
+  by King Henry V. But at p. 277., <i>v.</i> Monkleigh, he gives the
+  traditional account of Hankford's death (anno 1422), which represents the
+  judge, in doubt of his safety, and mistrusting the sequel of the matter,
+  to have committed suicide by requiring his park-keeper to shoot at him
+  when under the semblance of a poacher:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Which report (Risdon adds) is so credible among the common sort of
+  people, that they can show the tree yet growing where this fact was
+  committed, known by the name of Hankford Oak."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Mauilies, Manillas</i> (Vol. vii., p. 533.).&mdash;W.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;S. will
+  probably find some of the information which he asks for in <i>Two Essays
+  on the Ring-Money of the Celt�</i>, which were read in the year 1837 to
+  the members of the Royal Irish Academy by Sir William Betham, and in some
+  observations on these essays which are to be found in the <i>Gentleman's
+  Magazine</i> of that year. During the years 1836, 1837, and 1838, there
+  were made at Birmingham or the neighbourhood, and exported from Liverpool
+  to the river Bonney in Africa, large quantities of <i>cast-iron</i>
+  rings, in imitation of the <i>copper</i> rings known as "Manillas" or
+  "African ring-money," then made at Bristol. A vessel from Liverpool,
+  carrying out a considerable quantity of these cast-iron rings, was
+  wrecked on the coast of Ireland in the summer of 1836. A few of them
+  having fallen into the hands of Sir William Betham, he was led to write
+  the <i>Essays</i> before mentioned. The making of these cast-iron rings
+  has been discontinued since the year 1838, in consequence of the natives
+  of Africa refusing to give anything in exchange for them. From inquiry
+  which I made in Birmingham in the year 1839, I learnt that more than 250
+  tons of these cast-iron rings had been made in that town and
+  neighbourhood in the year 1838, for the African market. The captain of a
+  vessel trading to Africa informed me in the same year that the Black
+  Despot, who then ruled on the banks of the river Bonney, had threatened
+  to mutilate, in a way which I will not describe, any one who should be
+  detected in landing these counterfeit rings within his territories.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 279 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page279"></a>{279}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits</i> (Vol. vii., p. 589.; Vol.
+  viii., p. 82.).&mdash;Your correspondent A.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;S. having called attention
+  to the use of the hour-glass in pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.), I beg to
+  mention two instances in which I have seen the stands which formerly held
+  them. The first is at Pilton Church, near Barnstaple, Devon, where it
+  still (at least very lately it did) remain fixed to the pulpit; the other
+  instance is at Tawstock Church (called, from its numerous and splendid
+  monuments, the Westminster Abbey of North Devon), but here it has been
+  displaced, and I saw it lying among fragments of old armour, banners,
+  &amp;c., in a room above the vestry. They were similar in form, each
+  representing a man's arm, cut out of sheet iron and gilded, the hand
+  holding the stand; turning on a hinge at the shoulder it lay flat on the
+  panels of the pulpit when not in use. When extended it would project
+  about a yard.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p>George Poulson, Esq., in his <i>History and Antiquities of the
+  Seignory of Holderness</i> (vol. ii. p. 419.), describing Keyingham
+  Church, says that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The pulpit is placed on the south-east corner; beside it is an iron
+  frame-work, used to contain an hour-glass."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Derivation of the Word "Island"</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  209.).&mdash;Your correspondent C. gives me credit for a far greater
+  amount of humour than I can honestly lay claim to. He appears (he must
+  excuse me for saying so) to have scarcely read through my observations on
+  the derivation of the word <i>island</i>, which he criticises so
+  unmercifully; and to have understood very imperfectly what he has read.
+  For instance, he says that my "derivation of <i>island</i> from
+  <i>eye</i>, the visual orb, because each are (<i>sic</i>) surrounded by
+  water, seems like banter," &amp;c. Had I insisted on any such analogy, I
+  should indeed have laid myself open to the charge; but <i>I did nothing
+  of the kind</i>, as he will find to be the case, if he will take the
+  trouble of perusing what I wrote. My remarks went to show, that, in the
+  A.-S. compounded terms, <i>Ealond</i>, <i>Igland</i>, &amp;c., from which
+  our word <i>island</i> comes, the component <i>ea</i>, <i>ig</i>,
+  &amp;c., does not mean <i>water</i>, as has hitherto been supposed to be
+  the case, but an <i>eye</i>; and that on this supposition alone can the
+  simple <i>ig</i>, used to express an <i>island</i>, be explained. Will C.
+  endeavour to explain it in any other way?</p>
+
+  <p>Throughout my remarks, the word <i>isle</i> is not mentioned. And why?
+  Simply because it has no immediate etymological connexion with the word
+  <i>island</i>, being merely the French word naturalised. The word
+  <i>isle</i> is a simple, the word <i>island</i> a compound term. It is
+  surely a fruitless task (as it certainly is unnecessary for any one, with
+  the latter word ready formed to his hand in the Saxon branch of the
+  Teutonic, and, from its very form, clearly of that family), to go out of
+  his way to torture the Latin into yielding something utterly foreign to
+  it. My belief is, that the resemblance between these two words is an
+  accidental one; or, more properly, that it is a question whether the
+  introduction of an <i>s</i> into the word <i>island</i> did not originate
+  in the desire to assimilate the Saxon and French terms.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C. K.</p>
+
+  <p><i>A Cob-wall</i> (Vol. viii., p. 151.).&mdash;A "cob" is not an
+  unusual word in the midland counties, meaning a lump or small hard mass
+  of anything: it also means a blow; and a good "cobbing" is no unfamiliar
+  expression to the generality of schoolboys. A "cob-wall," I imagine, is
+  so called from its having been made of heavy lumps of clay, beaten one
+  upon another into the form of a wall. I would ask, if "gob," used also in
+  Devonshire for the stone of any fruit which contains a kernel, is not a
+  cognate word?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Oliver Cromwell's Portrait</i> (Vol. vi. <i>passim</i>).&mdash;In
+  reference to this Query, the best portrait of Oliver Cromwell is in the
+  Baptist College here, and 500 guineas have been refused for it.</p>
+
+  <p>I am not aware if it is the one alluded to by your correspondents. The
+  picture is small, and depicts the Protector <i>without</i> armour: it is
+  by Cooper, and was left to its present possessors by the Rev. Andrew
+  Gifford, a Baptist minister, in 1784.</p>
+
+  <p>Two copies have been made of it, but the original has never been
+  engraved; from one of the copies, however, an engraving is in process of
+  execution, after the picture by Mr. Newenham, of "Cromwell dictating to
+  Milton his letter to the Duke of Savoy." The likeness of Cromwell in this
+  picture is taken from one of the copies.</p>
+
+  <p>The original is not allowed to be taken from off the premises on any
+  consideration, in consequence of a dishonest attempt having been made,
+  some time ago, to substitute a copy for it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bristoliensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Manners of the Irish</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 111.)&mdash;A slight
+  knowledge of Gaelic enables me to supply the meaning of some of the words
+  that have puzzled your Irish correspondents. <i>Molchan</i> (Gaelic,
+  <i>Mulachan</i>) means "<span class="correction" title="Original reads `chuse', corrected by a correspondent in issue 206. p. 351."
+  >cheese</span>."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Deo gracias, is smar in Doieagh."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I take to mean "Thanks to God, God is good." In Gaelic the spelling
+  would be&mdash;"is math in Dia." A Roman Catholic Celt would often hear
+  his priest say "Deo Gratias."</p>
+
+  <p>The meaning of the passage seems to be pretty clear, and may be
+  rendered thus:&mdash;The Irish farmer, although in the abundant enjoyment
+  of <!-- Page 280 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page280"></a>{280}</span>bread, butter, cheese, flesh, and broth,
+  is not only not ashamed to complain of poverty as an excuse for
+  non-payment of his rent, but has the effrontery to thank God, as if he
+  were enjoying only those blessings of Providence to which he is justly
+  entitled.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Argyleshire.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Chronograms and Anagrams</i> (Vol. viii., p. 42.).&mdash;Perhaps
+  the most extraordinary instance to be found in reference to chronograms
+  is the following:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Chronographica Gratulatio in Felicissimum adventum Serenissimi
+  Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hispaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jesu.
+  Bruxell� publico Belgarum Gaudio exhibita."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This title is followed by a dedication to S. Michael and an address to
+  Ferdinand; after which come one hundred hexameters, <i>every one of which
+  is a chronogram</i>, and each chronogram gives the same result, viz.
+  1634. The first three verses are,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"AngeLe C�LIVogI MICha�L LUX UnICa C�tUs.</p>
+      <p>Pro nUtU sUCCInCta tUo CUI CUnCta MInIstrant.</p>
+      <p>SIDera qUIqUe poLo gaUDentIa sIDera VoLVUnt."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The last two are,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Vota Cano: h�C LeVIbus qUamVIs nUnC InCLyte prInCeps.</p>
+      <p>VersICULIs InCLUsa, fLUent in s�CULa CentUm."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>All the numeral letters are printed in capitals, and the whole is to
+  be found in the <i>Parnassus Poeticus Societatis Jesu</i> (Francofurti,
+  1654), at pp. 445-448. of part i. In the same volume there is another
+  example of the chronogram, at p. 261., in the "Septem Mari� Mysteria" of
+  Antonius Chanut. It occurs at the close of an inscription:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"StatUaM hanC&mdash;eX Voto ponIt</p>
+      <p>FernanDUs TertIUs AUgUstUs."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The date is 1647.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Henriot, an ingenious anagrammatist, discovered the following anagram
+  for the occasion of the 15th:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Napoleon Bonaparte sera-t-il consul � vie,</p>
+      <p>La [le] peuple bon reconnoissant votera Oui.'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>There is only a trifling change of <i>a</i> to
+  <i>e</i>."&mdash;<i>Gent. Mag.</i>, Aug. 1802, p. 771.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following is singular:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Quid est veritas? = Vir qui adest."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I add another chronogram "by Godard, upon the birth of Louis XIV. in
+  1638, on a day when the eagle was in conjunction with the lion's
+  heart:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"EXorIens DeLphIn AqUILa CorDIsqUe LeonIs</p>
+      <p>CongressU GaLLos spe L�tItIaqUe refeCIt."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Haul over the Coals"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 125.).&mdash;This appears
+  to mean just the same as "roasting"&mdash;to inflict upon any one a
+  castigation <i>per verbum</i> and in good humour.</p>
+
+  <p><i>To cover over the coals</i> is the same as to <span
+  class="correction" title="Original reads `lower', corrected by errata in issue 208."
+  >cower</span> over the coals, as a gipsy over a fire. Thus Hodge says of
+  Gammer Gurton and Tib, her maid:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i10hg3">"'Tis their daily looke,</p>
+      <p>They cover so over the coles their eies be bleared with smooke."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>To carry coals to Newcastle</i> is well understood to be like
+  giving alms to the wealthy; but viewed in union with the others would
+  show what a prominent place coals seem to have in the popular mind.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Poplar.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sheer Hulk</i> (Vol. viii., p. 126.).&mdash;This phrase is
+  certainly correct. <i>Sheer</i> = mere, a hulk, and nothing else. Thus we
+  say <i>sheer</i> nonsense, <i>sheer</i> starvation, &amp;c.; and the song
+  says:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Here a <i>sheer hulk</i> lies poor Tom Bowling,</p>
+      <p class="i2">The darling of our crew," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The etymology of <i>sheer</i> is plainly from <i>shear</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Poplar.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Magnet</i> (Vol. vi. <i>passim</i>).&mdash;This was used by
+  Claudian apparently as symbolical of Venus or love:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Mavors, sanguinea qui cuspide verberat urbes,</p>
+      <p>Et Venus, humanas qu� laxat in otia curas,</p>
+      <p>Aurati delubra tenent communia templi,</p>
+      <p>Effigies non una Deis. Sed ferrea Martis</p>
+      <p>Forma nitet, Venerem <i>magnetica gemma figurat</i>."&mdash;Claud. <i>De Magnete.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Poplar.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Fierce</i> (Vol. viii., p. 125.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Oxoniensis</span> mentions a peculiar use of the word
+  "fierce." An inhabitant of Staffordshire would have answered him: "I feel
+  quite <i>fierce</i> this morning."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages</i> (Vol. viii.,
+  p. 174.).&mdash;Your correspondent M. will find some curious and
+  interesting articles on this subject in vol. ii. of <i>The Scottish
+  Journal</i>, Edinburgh, 1848, p. 129. <i>et infra</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Duncan Mactavish.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lochbrovin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Acharis</i> (Vol. viii., p. 198.).&mdash;A mistake, probably, for
+  <i>achatis</i>, a Latinised form of <i>achat</i>, a bargain, purchase, or
+  act of purchasing. The passage in Dugdale seems to mean that "Ralph
+  Wickliff, Esq., holds two-thirds of the tithes of certain domains
+  sometime purchased by him, <!-- Page 281 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page281"></a>{281}</span>formerly at a rental of 5<i>s.</i>, now at
+  nothing, because, as he says, they are included in his park."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Eastwood.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Henry, Earl of Wotton</i> (Vol. viii., p. 173.).&mdash;Philip,
+  first Earl of Chesterfield, had a son Henry, Lord Stanhope, K.B., who
+  married Catherine, the eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord
+  Wotton, and had issue one son Philip, and two daughters, Mary and
+  Catherine. Lord Stanhope died s. p. Nov. 29, 1634. His widow was
+  governess to the Princess of Orange, daughter of Charles I., and
+  attending her into Holland, sent over money, arms, and ammunition to that
+  king when he was distressed by his rebellious subjects. For such
+  services, and by reason of her long attendance on the princess, she was,
+  on the restoration of Charles II. (in regard that Lord Stanhope, her
+  husband, did not live to enjoy his father's honours), by letters patent
+  bearing date May 29, 12 Charles II., advanced to the dignity of Countess
+  of Chesterfield for life, as also that her daughters should enjoy
+  precedency as earl's daughters.</p>
+
+  <p>She took to her second husband John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of
+  Kirkhoven and Henfleet, by whom she had a son, <i>Charles Henry</i>
+  Kirkhoven, the subject of the Query.</p>
+
+  <p>This gentleman, chiefly on account of his mother's descent, was
+  created a baron of this realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton in
+  Kent, by letters patent bearing date at St. Johnstone's (Perth) in
+  Scotland, August 31, 1650, and in September, 1660, was naturalised by
+  authority of parliament, together with his sisters. He was likewise in
+  1677 created Earl of <i>Bellomont</i> in Ireland, and, dying without
+  issue, left his estates to his nephew Charles Stanhope, the younger son
+  of his half-brother the Earl of Chesterfield, who took the surname of
+  Wotton.</p>
+
+  <p>This information is principally from Collins, who quotes "Ec. Stem.
+  per Vincent." I have consulted also Bank's <i>Dormant Baronage</i>,
+  Burke's <i>Works</i>, and Sharpe's <i>Peerage</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bury, Lancashire.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Anna Lightfoot</i> (Vol. vii., p. 595.).&mdash;An account of "the
+  left-handed wife of George III." appeared in Sir Richard Phillips'
+  <i>Monthly Magazine</i> for 1821 or 1822, under the title of (I think)
+  "Hannah Lightfoot, the fair Quaker."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alexander Andrews.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Lawyers' Bags</i> (Vol. viii., p. 59.).&mdash;Previous
+  correspondents appear to have established the fact that green was the
+  orthodox colour of a lawyer's bag up to a recent date. May not the change
+  of colour have been suggested by the sarcasms and jeers about "green
+  bags," which were very current during the proceedings on the Bill of
+  Pains and Penalties, commonly known as the <i>Trial</i> of Queen
+  Caroline, some thirty years ago? The reports of the evidence collected by
+  the commission on the Continent, was laid on the table in a <i>sealed
+  green bag</i>, and the very name became for a time the signal for such an
+  outcry, that the lawyers may have deemed it prudent to strike their
+  colours, and have recourse to some other less obnoxious to remark.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>"When Orpheus went down"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 196.).&mdash;In reply
+  to the Query of G.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;B. respecting "When Orpheus went down," I beg to
+  say that the author was the Rev. Dr. Lisle (most probably the Bishop of
+  St. Asaph). The song may be found among Ritson's <i>English Songs</i>.
+  When it was first published I have not been able to ascertain, but it
+  must have been in the early part of the last century, as the air composed
+  for it by Dr. Boyce, most likely for Vauxhall, was afterwards used in the
+  pasticcio opera of <i>Love in a Village</i>, which was brought out in
+  1763.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Oldenshaw.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leicester.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Muffs worn by Gentlemen</i> (Vol. vi. <i>passim</i>; Vol. vii., p.
+  320.).&mdash;In Lamber's <i>Travels in Canada and the United States</i>
+  (1815), vol. i. p. 307., is the following passage:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I should not be surprised if those <i>delicate young soldiers</i>
+  were to introduce muffs: they were in general use among the men under the
+  French government, and are still worn by two or three old gentlemen."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wardhouse, and Fisherman's Custom there</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  78.).&mdash;Wardhouse or Wardhuuse, is a port in Finland, and the custom
+  was for the English to purchase herrings there, as they were not
+  permitted to fish on that coast. In <i>Trade's Increase</i>, a commercial
+  tract, written in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, the
+  author, when speaking of restraints on fishing on the coasts of other
+  nations, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Certain merchants of Hull had their ships taken away and themselves
+  imprisoned, for fishing about the Wardhouse at the North Cape."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"In necessariis unitas," &amp;c.</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  197.).&mdash;The sentence, "In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in
+  omnibus caritas," may be seen sculptured in stone over the head of a
+  doorway leading into the garden of a house which was formerly the
+  residence of Archdeacon Coxe, and subsequently of Canon Lisle Bowles, in
+  the Close at Salisbury. It is quoted from Melancthon. The inscription was
+  placed there by the poet, and is no less the record of a noble, true, and
+  generous sentiment, than of the discriminating taste and feeling of him
+  by whom it was thus appreciated and honoured. <!-- Page 282 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page282"></a>{282}</span>Would that it might
+  become the motto of <i>all</i> our cathedral precincts!</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Northiam.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>The Botany of the Eastern Borders, with the Popular Names and Uses
+  of the Plants, and of the Customs and Beliefs which have been associated
+  with them</i>, by George Johnson, M.D. This, the first volume of <i>The
+  Natural History of the Eastern Borders</i>, is a book calculated to
+  please a very large body of readers. The botanist will like it for the
+  able manner in which the various plants indigenous to the district are
+  described. The lover of Old World associations will be delighted with the
+  industry with which Dr. Johnson has collected, and the care with which he
+  has recorded their popular names, and preserved the various bits of folk
+  lore associated with those popular names, or their supposed medicinal
+  virtues. The antiquary will be gratified by the bits of arch�ological
+  gossip, and the biographical sketches so pleasantly introduced; and the
+  general reader with the kindly spirit with which Dr. Johnson will enlist
+  him in his company&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; Unconstrain'd to rove along</p>
+      <p>The bushy brakes and glens among."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Marry, it were a pleasant thing to join the <i>Berwickshire Natural
+  History Club</i> in one of their rambles through the Eastern Borders.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Bohn has just added to his <i>Antiquarian Library</i> a volume
+  which will be received with great satisfaction by all who take an
+  interest in the antiquity of Egypt. It is a translation by the Misses
+  Horner of Dr. Lepsius' <i>Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula
+  of Sinai, with Extracts from his Chronology of the Egyptians, with
+  reference to the Exodus of the Israelites, revised by the Author</i>. Dr.
+  Lepsius, it may be mentioned, was at the head of the scientific
+  expedition appointed by the King of Prussia to investigate the remains of
+  ancient Egyptian and Ethiopian civilisation, still in preservation in the
+  Nile valley and the adjacent countries; and in this cheap volume we have
+  that accomplished traveller's own account of what that expedition was
+  able to accomplish.</p>
+
+  <p>We are at length enabled to answer the Query which was addressed to us
+  some time since on the subject of the continuation of Mr. MacCabe's
+  <i>Catholic History of England</i>. The third volume is now at press, and
+  will be issued in the course of the next publishing season.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<i>A Letter to a
+  Convocation-Man concerning the Rights, Powers, and Privileges of that
+  Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an Introduction and
+  Notes</i>, by the Rev. W. Fraser, B.C.L. This reprint of a very rare
+  tract will no doubt be prized by the numerous advocates for the
+  re-assembling of Convocation, who must feel indebted to Mr. Fraser for
+  the care and learning with which he has executed his editorial
+  task.&mdash;<i>A Collection of Curious, Interesting, and Facetious
+  Epitaphs, Monumental Inscriptions, &amp;c.</i>, by Joseph Simpson. We
+  think the editor would have some difficulty in authenticating many of the
+  epitaphs in his collection, which seems to have been formed upon no
+  settled principle.&mdash;<i>The Physiology of Temperance and Total
+  Abstinence, being an Examination of the Effects of the Excessive,
+  Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the Healthy Human
+  System</i>, by Dr. Carpenter: a shilling pamphlet, temperately written
+  and closely argued, and well deserving the attention of all, even of the
+  most temperate.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Monthly Army List</span> from 1797 to 1800
+  inclusive. Published by Hookham and Carpenter, Bond Street. Square
+  12mo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Jer. Collier's Ecclesiastical History of
+  England.</span> Folio Edition. Vol. II.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">London Labour and the London Poor.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual.</span>
+  Pickering.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Proceedings of the London Geological
+  Society.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico.</span>
+  8 Vols. London. Vol. III.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mrs. Ellis's Social Distinction.</span> Tallis's
+  Edition. Vols. II. and III. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">History and Antiquities of Newbury.</span> 8vo. 1839.
+  340 pages. Two Copies.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Vancouver's Survey of Hampshire.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Hemingway's History of Chester.</span> Large Paper.
+  Parts I. and III.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Correspondence on the Formation of the Roman Catholic
+  Bible Society.</span> 8vo. London, 1813.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Athen�um Journal for 1844.</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">PAMPHLETS.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Junius Discovered.</span> By P. T. Published about
+  1789.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Reasons for rejecting the Evidence of Mr.
+  Almon</span>, &amp;c. 1807.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Another Guess at Junius.</span> Hookham. 1809.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Author of Junius Discovered.</span> Longmans.
+  1821.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Claims of Sir P. Francis Refuted.</span>
+  Longmans. 1822.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Who was Junius?</span> Glynn. 1837.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Some New Facts</span>, &amp;c., by Sir F. Dwarris.
+  1850.</p>
+
+  <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to
+  send their names.</i></p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Replies.</span> <i>We have again to beg those
+  Correspondents who favour us with</i> <span class="sc">Replies</span>
+  <i>to complete them by giving the Volume and Page of the original</i>
+  <span class="sc">Queries</span>. <i>This would give little trouble to
+  each Correspondent, while its omission entails considerable labour upon
+  us.</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. C. "When Greeks join'd Greeks" <i>is from Lee's Alexander the
+  Great</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Constant Reader.</span> <i>The contractions
+  referred to stand for</i> Pence <i>and</i> Farthings.</p>
+
+  <p>C. W. (Bradford). <i>We can promise that if the book in question is
+  obtained, our Correspondent shall have the reading of it.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence.</span> <i>We hope next
+  week to lay before our readers</i> <span class="sc">Dr.
+  Diamond</span>'<i>s process for printing on albumenized paper. We shall
+  also reply to several Photographic querists.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., <i>price Three Guineas and a
+  Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 283 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page283"></a>{283}</span></p>
+
+  <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &amp;c.&mdash;BARRY, DU BARRY
+  &amp; CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+  remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+  fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic,
+  intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted,
+  dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrh&oelig;a, acidity,
+  heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of
+  the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during
+  pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the
+  aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:&mdash;</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+  Decies:&mdash;"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+  Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+  authorise the publication of these lines.&mdash;<span class="sc">Stuart
+  de Decies.</span>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 49,832:&mdash;"Fifty years' indescribable agony from
+  dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms,
+  sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's
+  excellent food.&mdash;<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling,
+  near Diss, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 180:&mdash;"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+  indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+  which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by
+  Du Barry's food in a very short time.&mdash;<span class="sc">W. R.
+  Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 4,208:&mdash;"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility,
+  with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+  advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+  food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+  inquiries.&mdash;<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington
+  Rectory, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p>
+
+  <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+  nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all
+  kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body,
+  as also diarrh&oelig;a, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and
+  bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of
+  the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+  hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+  satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+  where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+  bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+  troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+  conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+  incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br />
+"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London Agents:&mdash;Fortnum, Mason &amp; Co., 182. Piccadilly,
+  purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges &amp; Butler, 155. Regent
+  Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine
+  venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full
+  instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>;
+  5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>;
+  10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of
+  Post-office order.&mdash;Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>&mdash;Many invalids having
+  been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar
+  names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to
+  see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry
+  &amp; Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which
+  none is genuine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &amp;c.)
+  may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+  procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+  practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Fr�res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+  Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.</p>
+
+  <p>OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to
+  every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its
+  capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its
+  extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+  Portraits.</p>
+
+  <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
+  Frames, &amp;c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
+  Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>New Inventions, Models, &amp;c., made to order or from Drawings.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J.B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289.
+  Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.</p>
+
+  <p>KNIGHT &amp; SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and
+  Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and
+  Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various
+  Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the
+  Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic
+  Specimens.</p>
+
+  <p>GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.&nbsp;P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+      <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>�</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p>
+
+  <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p>
+
+  <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan
+  of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained
+  with perfect Security.</p>
+
+  <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>PETER MORRISON,</p>
+      <p>Managing Director.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.&mdash;Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and
+  Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p>
+
+  <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Price List Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 284 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page284"></a>{284}</span></p>
+
+  <p>JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,</p>
+
+  <p>Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,</p>
+
+  <p>FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,</p>
+
+  <p>NO. III.</p>
+
+  <p>Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some
+  of Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds
+  and other Relics; Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics
+  vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious Old
+  Song, by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and
+  Merry Wives of Windsor; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fair; Dr. William
+  Kenrick's Lectures on Shakspeare, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, or
+  sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>No. II., PRICE FOURPENCE, or Six Postage Stamps; or Nos. I. II. and
+  III. sent Free on receipt of Eighteen Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>Address, JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS.</p>
+
+  <p>A NEW AND CHEAPER ISSUE.</p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;TRAVEL TALK. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;BELGIUM AND THE RHINE. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;SWITZERLAND, SAVOY, AND PIEDMONT. 7<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;NORTH GERMANY, HOLLAND, BELGIUM, AND THE RHINE.
+  9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL. 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES. 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, ETC. 16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;NORTH ITALY AND FLORENCE. 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;CENTRAL ITALY, TUSCANY, AND THE PAPAL STATES.
+  7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;CENTRAL ITALY AND ROME. (Just Ready.)</p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;SOUTH ITALY AND NAPLES. 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;EGYPT AND THEBES. 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;RUSSIA AND FINLAND. 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HANDBOOK&mdash;GREECE AND IONIAN ISLANDS. (Nearly Ready.)</p>
+
+  <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, cloth, 480 pages, 8vo., price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the
+  new volume of THE BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST: containing able Debates on
+  many of the most important questions of the day, and a section which
+  might be denominated "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries for the
+  People</span>."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Contains a large amount of sound and very useful
+  information."&mdash;<i>Eclectic Review.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"It is full of intelligence and instruction."&mdash;<i>Papers for the
+  Schoolmaster.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: HOULSTON &amp; STONEMAN, Paternoster Row, and all
+  Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just out, price 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights, Powers, and
+  Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an
+  Introduction and Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate of
+  Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"No reader on the subject of Convocation can any longer allow his
+  library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely scarce
+  pamphlet."&mdash;<i>Western Courier.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Also, price 1<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF
+  ENGLAND. BY THE REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This pamphlet has met with approval from several quarters; we must
+  take it then as representing the opinions of a considerable number of
+  convocation students."&mdash;<i>Synodalia.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: J. MASTERS.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has considerable experience.</p>
+
+  <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of a General Collection of Ancient and Modern
+  Gems, Cameos, as well as Intaglios. By JAMES TASSIE, Modeller. Arranged
+  and described by R.E. RASPE, and illustrated with Copper-plates. 2 vols.
+  4to., London, 1791, boards, in first-rate condition, scarce, 1<i>l.</i>
+  11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 26<i>s.</i> cloth) of THE JUDGES OF
+  ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Volume Three, 1272-1377,</p>
+      <p>Volume Four, 1377-1485.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Lately published, price 28<i>s.</i> cloth,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Volume One, 1066-1199,</p>
+      <p>Volume Two, 1190-1272.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
+  take its stand in the permanent literature of our
+  country."&mdash;<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.</p>
+
+  <p>Just ready, with Woodcuts, fcap. 8vo., 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE GUILLOTINE. An Historical Essay. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON
+  CROKER. Reprinted from "The Quarterly Review."</p>
+
+  <p>The former Volumes of this Series are&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.</p>
+
+  <p>HOLLWAY'S MONTH IN NORWAY.</p>
+
+  <p>LORD CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF LORD BACON.</p>
+
+  <p>WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.</p>
+
+  <p>DEAN MILMAN'S FALL OF JERUSALEM.</p>
+
+  <p>LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.</p>
+
+  <p>LORD MAHON'S STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.</p>
+
+  <p>HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.</p>
+
+  <p>THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F.&nbsp;B. HEAD.</p>
+
+  <p>WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.</p>
+
+  <p>MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.</p>
+
+  <p>LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.</p>
+
+  <p>BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.</p>
+
+  <p>LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE."</p>
+
+  <p>ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."</p>
+
+  <p>GIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.</p>
+
+  <p>THE ART OF DINING.</p>
+
+  <p>OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CHACE, THE TURF, AND THE ROAD. By NIMROD.</p>
+
+  <p>JAMES' FABLES OF �SOP.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>To be followed by</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>BEAUTIES OF BYRON: PROSE AND VERSE.</p>
+
+  <p>A SECOND SERIES OF ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."</p>
+
+  <p>The ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J.&nbsp;G. WILKINSON.</p>
+
+  <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186 Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, September
+  17, 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203,
+September 17, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203, September
+17, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 203, September 17, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27003]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{261}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 203.]
+SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                             Page
+
+    Our Shakspearian Correspondence                           261
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+    Mr. Pepys and East London Topography, &c.                 263
+    Picts' Houses in Aberdeenshire                            264
+
+    FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare--Devonshire
+    Cures for the Thrush                                      264
+
+    HERALDIC NOTES:--Arms of Granville--Arms of
+    Richard, King of the Romans                               265
+    Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell and
+    Thos. Keightley                                           265
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Longfellow's Poetical Works--Sir
+    Walter Raleigh--Curious Advertisement--Gravestone
+    Inscription--Monumental Inscription                       267
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    Sir Philip Warwick                                        268
+    Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth, by E. S.
+    Taylor                                                    269
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Hand in Bishop Canning's Church
+    --"I put a spoke in his wheel"--Sir W. Hewit--
+    Passage in Virgil--Fauntleroy--Animal Prefixes
+    descriptive of Size and Quality--Punning Devices
+    --"Pinece with a stink"--Soiled Parchment Deeds
+    --Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s, Cheshire Collection
+    --Cambridge and Ireland--Derivation of Celt--
+    Ancient Superstition against the King of England
+    entering or even beholding the Town of Leicester
+    --Burton--The Camera Lucida--Francis Moore--
+    Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle--Palace at Enfield--
+    "Solamen miseris," &c.--Soke Mills--Second Wife
+    of Mallet                                                 269
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Books burned by
+    the Common Hangman--Captain George Cusack--
+    Sir Ralph Winwood                                         272
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Books chained to Desks in Churches, by J. Booker, &c.     273
+    Epitaphs by Cuthbert Bede, B.A., &c.                      273
+    Parochial Libraries                                       274
+    "Up, Guards, and at them!" by Frank Howard                275
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Muller's Process
+    --Stereoscopic Angles--Ammonio-nitrate of
+    Silver                                                    275
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Sir Thomas Elyot--
+    Judges styled "Reverend"--"Hurrah" and other
+    War-cries--Major Andre--Early Edition of the
+    New Testament--Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge
+    --Sir William Hankford--Maullies, Manillas--The
+    Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits--Derivation of the
+    Word "Island"--A Cob-wall--Oliver Cromwell's
+    Portrait--Manners of the Irish--Chronograms and
+    Anagrams--"Haul over the Coals,"--Sheer Hulk--
+    The Magnet--Fierce--Connexion between the
+    Celtic and Latin Languages--Acharis, &c.                  276
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Notes on Books, &c.                                       282
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              282
+    Notices to Correspondents                                 282
+    Advertisements                                            283
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+OUR SHAKSPEARIAN CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+We have received from a valued and kind correspondent (not one of those
+emphatically good-natured friends so wittily described by Sheridan) the
+following temperate remonstrance against the tone which has distinguished
+several of our recent articles on Shakspeare:--
+
+_Shakspeare Suggestions_ (Vol. viii., pp. 124. 169.).--
+
+ "Most busy, when least I do."
+
+I am grateful to A. E. B. for referring me to the article on "Shakspeare
+Criticism" in the last number of _Blackwood's Magazine_. It is a very able
+paper, and worthy of general attention.
+
+I ought to add some few explanatory observations upon the subject of my
+former communication, but the tone of A. E. B.'s comments forbids me to
+proceed with the discussion; the more especially as my suggestion has been
+made a reason for introducing into your pages comments which seem to me to
+be altogether unwarrantable upon other portions of the article in
+Blackwood. Whoever may be the writer of that article--I do not know--he
+needs no other defence than a reference to his paper. It is not on his
+account that I venture to allude to this subject; it is rather on yours,
+Mr. Editor, and with a view to the welfare of your paper. I cannot think
+that you or it will be benefited by converting conversational gossip about
+Shakspeare difficulties into "a duel in the form of a debate," seasoned
+with sarcasm, insinuation, and satiric point. This is not the kind of
+matter one expects to find in "N. & Q." neither do I think your pages
+should be made a vehicle for "showing up" such of "the herd of menstrual
+Aristarchi" as chance to differ in opinion from some of your smart and
+peremptory, but not unfrequently inaccurate and illiberal correspondents.
+
+I know that you yourself are in this respect much in the power of your
+contributors. Probably you were as ignorant of the existence of the article
+in Blackwood as I was.[1] It is now brought {262} before your notice, and I
+invite you to look at it, and judge for yourself whether A. E. B. has
+treated you, your paper, or the writer of that very excellent article, with
+common fairness in the remarks to which I allude.
+
+I make these observations on two grounds: first, as one who has many
+reasons for being anxious for the prosperity of "N. & Q.;" and secondly,
+because I know it to be the opinion of several of your earliest and warmest
+friends, that there is a tendency in some of your Shakspeare contributors
+to indulge in insinuation, imputation of motives, and many other things
+which ought never to appear in your pages. We lately observed, with deep
+regret, that you were misled (not by A. E. B.) into the insertion of
+unjustifiable insinuations, levelled against a gentleman whom we all know
+to be a man of the highest personal honour.
+
+The questions which are mooted in your pages ought to be discussed with the
+mutual forbearance and enlarged liberality which are predominant in the
+general society of our metropolis; not with the keen and angry partizanship
+which distinguishes the petty squabbles of a country town.
+
+ICON.
+
+    Our readers know that we ourselves recently noticed the tendency of too
+    many of our correspondents to depart from the courteous spirit by which
+    the earlier communications to this Journal were distinguished. The
+    intention we then announced of playing the tyrant in future, and
+    exercising with greater freedom our "editorial privilege of omission,"
+    we now repeat yet more emphatically. ICON well remarks that we are much
+    in the power of our contributors. Indeed we are more so than even he
+    supposes.
+
+    An article on the _Notes and Emendations_ which lately appeared in our
+    columns concluded, in its original form, with an argument against their
+    genuineness, based on the use of a word unknown to Shakspeare and his
+    cotemporaries. This appeared to us somewhat extraordinary, and a
+    reference to Richardson's excellent Dictionary proved that our
+    correspondent was altogether wrong _as to his facts_. We of course
+    omitted the passage; but we ought not to have received a statement
+    founded on a mistake which might have been avoided by a single
+    reference to so common a book.
+
+    Again, at p. 194. of the present volume, another correspondent, after
+    pointing out some coincidences between the old Emendator and some
+    suggested corrections by Z. Jackson, and stating that MR. COLLIER never
+    once refers to Jackson, proceeds: "MR. SINGER, however, talks
+    familiarly about Jackson, in his _Shakspeare Vindicated_, as if he had
+    him at his fingers' ends; and yet, at p. 239., he favours the world
+    with an _original_ emendation (viz. 'He did _behood_ his anger,'
+    _Timon_, Act III. Sc. 1.), which, however, will be found at page 389.
+    of Jackson's book." Now, after this, who would have supposed that, as
+    we learn from MR. SINGER, "MR. INGLEBY has founded his charge on such
+    slender grounds as one cursory notice of Jackson at p. 288. of my book,
+    where I mentioned him merely on the authority of MR. COLLIER." And who
+    that knows MR. SINGER will doubt the truth of his assertion, that he
+    has not even seen Jackson's book for near a quarter of a century, and
+    that he had not the slightest reason to doubt that the conjecture of
+    _behood_ for _behave_ was his own property?[2]
+
+    But there is another gentleman who, although he has never whispered a
+    remonstrance to us upon the subject, has even more grounds of complaint
+    than MR. SINGER, for the treatment which he has received in our
+    columns; we mean our valued friend and contributor MR. COLLIER, who we
+    feel has received some injustice in our pages. But the fact is that,
+    holding, as we do unchanged, the opinion which we originally expressed
+    of the great value of the _Notes and Emendations_--knowing MR.
+    COLLIER'S character to be above suspicion--and believing that the
+    result of all the discussions to which the _Notes and Emendations_ have
+    given rise, will eventually be to satisfy the world of their great
+    value,--_we_ have not looked so strictly as we ought to have done, and
+    as we shall do in future, to the tone in which they have been discussed
+    in "N. & Q."
+
+    And here let us take the opportunity of offering a few suggestions
+    which we think worthy of being borne in mind in all discussions on the
+    text of Shakspeare, whether the object under consideration be what
+    Shakspeare actually wrote, or what Shakspeare really meant by what he
+    did write.
+
+    First, as to this latter point. Some years ago a distinguished scholar,
+    when engaged in translating Goethe's _Faust_, came to a passage involved
+    in considerable obscurity, and which he found was interpreted very
+    differently by different admirers of the poem. Unable, under these
+    circumstances, to procure any satisfactory solution of the poet's
+    meaning, the translator applied to Goethe himself, and received from him
+    the candid reply which we think it far from improbable that Shakspeare
+    himself might give with reference to many passages in his own
+    writings,--"That {263} he was very sorry he could not assist him, but
+    he really did not know exactly what he meant when he wrote it." We
+    doubt not some of our contributors could supply us with many similar
+    avowals.
+
+    This opinion will no doubt offend many of those blind worshippers of
+    Shakspeare, who will not believe that he could have written a passage
+    which is not perfect, and who, consequently, will not be satisfied with
+    any note, emendation, or restoration which does not make the passage
+    into which it is introduced "one entire and perfect chrysolite." But
+    this is unreasonable. We have direct evidence of the imperfect
+    character of much that Shakspeare wrote. When told that Shakspeare had
+    never blotted a line, Ben Jonson--no mean critic, and no unfriendly
+    one--wished he had "blotted a thousand." Would rare Ben have uttered
+    such a wish ignorantly and without cause? We believe the existence of
+    such defects in the writings of Shakspeare, as they were left by him.
+    It follows, therefore, that in our opinion Shakspeare is under great
+    obligations to the undeservedly-abused commentators.[3] It would be
+    strange indeed, when we consider how many men of genius and learning
+    have busied themselves to illustrate his writings, if none of them
+    should have caught any inspiration from his genius. We believe they
+    have done so. We believe Theobald's "babbled o' green fields" to be one
+    of many instances in which, with reference to some one particular
+    passage, the scholiast has proved himself worthy of and excelling his
+    author. Yes, Shakspeare, the greatest of all uninspired writers, was
+    but mortal; and his worshippers would sometimes do well bear in mind
+    that their golden image had but feet of clay.
+
+[Footnote 1: We had not seen this very able article until our attention was
+called to it by this letter. We regret that the author of it was not aware
+of what had been written in "N. & Q." on many of the points discussed by
+him. Such knowledge might have modified some of his views.]
+
+[Footnote 2: On this point we would call especial attention to MR.
+HALLIWELL'S communication on the _Difficulty of avoiding Coincident
+Suggestions on the Text of Shakspeare_, which will be found in our present
+Number.]
+
+[Footnote 3: One of the most specious arguments which have been advanced
+against the genuineness of the _Notes and Emendations_ is, that they agree
+in many instances with readings which had been suggested many years before
+the discovery of the MS. Notes. Of course it is obvious that, wherever the
+readings are right, they must do so; and these coincidences serve to
+satisfy us of the correctness of both.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+MR. PEPYS AND EAST LONDON TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.
+
+In "N. & Q." (Vol. i., p. 141.) there appeared an article upon the Isle of
+Dogs, &c., which spoke of the neglected topography of the east of London,
+and requested information on one or two points. Having felt much interested
+in this matter, I have endeavoured to obtain information by personal
+investigation, and send you the following from among a mass of Notes:--
+
+1. _Isle of Dogs._ In a map drawn up in 1588 by Robert Adams, engraved in
+1738, this name is applied to an islet in the river Thames, still in part
+existing, at the south-west corner of the peninsula. From this spot the
+name appears to have extended to the entire marsh.
+
+2. _Dick Shore_, Limehouse. This is now called _Duke Shore_, Fore Street.
+In Gascoyne's Map of Stepney, 1703, it is called _Dick Shoar_. Since that
+time _Dick_ has become a _Duke_. Mr. Pepys would find boats there now if he
+visited the spot.
+
+3. Mr. Pepys, in his _Diary_ of Mar. 23, 1660, speaks of "the great
+breach," near Limehouse. The spot now forming the entrance to the City
+Canal or South Dock of the West India Dock Company was called "the breach,"
+when the canal was formed.
+
+4. July 31, 1665. Mr. Pepys speaks of the _Ferry_ in the Isle of Dogs. This
+ferry is named as a horse-ferry by Norden in the _Britanniae Speculum_, 1592
+(MS.). The ferry is still used, but only seldom as a horse-ferry.
+
+5. Oct. 9, 1661. Mr. P. mentions Captain Marshe's, at Limehouse, close by
+the lime-house. There is still standing there a large old brick house,
+which may be the same; and the lime-kiln yet exists, for, as Norden says,
+"ther is a kiln contynually used."
+
+6. Sept. 22, 1665. Mr. P. speaks of a discovery made "in digging the late
+docke." This discovery consisted of nut trees, nuts, yew, ivy, &c., twelve
+feet below the surface. Johnson no doubt told him the truth. The same
+discovery was made in 1789, in digging the Brunswick Dock, also at
+Blackwall, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood.
+
+This very week (Aug. 25, 1853) I procured specimens of several kinds of
+wood, with land and freshwater shells, from as great a depth in an
+excavation at the West India Docks; the wood from a bed of peat, the shells
+from a bed of clay resting upon it. There exists an ancient house at the
+dock which Mr. P. visited, and which is probably the same.
+
+Other illustrations of the _Diary_ from this quarter might be adduced; let
+these, however, suffice as a specimen.
+
+It may probably be new to most of your readers, as it is to me, that an
+ancient house in Blackwall (opposite the Artichoke Tavern) is said to have
+been the residence of Sebastian Cabot at one time, and at another that of
+_Sir Walter Raleigh_. Whether the tradition be true or not, the house is
+very curious, and worth a visit, if not worthy of being sketched and
+engraved to preserve its memory. Perhaps the photograph in this case could
+be applied.
+
+It is not impossible that Sir John de Pulteney or Poultney, to whom the
+manor of Poplar was granted in the 24th of Edward III., resided on this
+spot. My reasons for thinking it are--this fact, which connects him with
+the neighbourhood; and the inference from two other facts, viz. that the
+house in which Sir John resided in town was {264} called _Cold Harbour_,
+and that _Cold Harbour_ is here also to be found. Sir John Pulteney is thus
+connected with both the places known by this name.
+
+I would give my name in verification, but you have it, as you should have
+the names and addresses of all your correspondents.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTS' HOUSES IN ABERDEENSHIRE.
+
+A short time ago, one of those remarkable remains of a very remote
+antiquity, and called by the country-people Picts' Houses, Yird, Eirde, or
+Erde houses, was discovered by Mr. Douglass, farmer, Culsh, in the parish
+of Tarland, Aberdeenshire, near his farm-steading, on the property of our
+noble Premier. It is a subterranean vault, of a form approaching the
+semicircular, but elongated at the farther end. Its extreme length is
+thirty-eight feet; its breadth at the entrance a little more than two feet,
+gradually widening towards the middle, where the width is about six feet,
+and it continues at about that average. The height is from five and a half
+to six feet. The sides are built with stones, some of them in the bottom
+very large; the roof is formed of large stones, six or seven feet long, and
+some of them weighing above a ton and a half. They must have been brought
+from the neighbouring hill of Saddle-lick, about two miles distant, being
+of a kind of granite not found nearer the spot. The floor is formed of the
+native rock (hornblende), and is very uneven. When discovered it was full
+of earth, and in the process of excavation there was found some wood ashes,
+fragments of a glass bottle, and an earthenware jar (modern), some small
+fragments of bones, and one or two teeth of a ruminant animal, and the
+upper stone of a querne (hand-corn-mill, mica schist), together with a
+small fragment, probably of the lower stone. But, alas! there were no
+hieroglyphics or cuneiform inscriptions to assist the antiquary in his
+researches. These underground excavations have been found in various
+parishes in Aberdeenshire, as well as in several of the neighbouring
+counties. In the parish of Old Deer, about fifty years ago, a whole village
+of them was come upon; and about the same time, in a den at the back of
+Stirlinghill, in the parish of Peterhead, one was discovered which
+contained some fragments of bones and several flint arrow-heads, and
+battle-axes in the various stages of manufacture. In no case, however, have
+any of those previously discovered been of the same magnitude as the one
+described above. They were generally of from twelve to fifteen feet in
+length, and from three to four feet in height, and some only six feet in
+length, so that this must have been in its day (when?) a rather
+aristocratic affair. Have any similar excavations been found in England?
+The earliest mention of the parish of Tarland, of which there is any
+account, is in a charter granted by Moregun, Earl of Mar, to the Canons of
+St. Andrews, of the Church of S. Machulnoche (S. Mochtens, Bishop and
+Confessor) of Tharuclund, with its tithes and oblations, its land and mill,
+and timber from the Earl's woods for the buildings of the canons, A.D.
+1165-71; and a charter of King William the Lion, and one of Eadward, Bishop
+of Aberdeen, both of same date, confirming the said grant.
+
+ABREDONENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Legends of the County Clare._--How Fuen-Vic-Couil (Fingall) obtained the
+knowledge of future events.--Once upon a time, when Fuen-Vic-Couil was
+young, he fell into the hands of a giant, and was compelled to serve him
+for seven years, during which time the giant was fishing for the salmon
+which had this property--that whoever ate the first bit of it he would
+obtain the gift of prophecy; and during the seven years the only
+nourishment which the giant could take was after this manner: a sheaf of
+oats was placed to windward of him, and he held a needle before his mouth,
+and lived on the nourishment that was blown from the sheaf of corn through
+the eye of the needle. At length, when the seven years were passed, the
+giant's perseverance was rewarded, and he caught the famous salmon and gave
+it to Fuen-Vic-Couil to roast, with threats of instant destruction if he
+allowed any accident to happen to it. Fuen-Vic-Couil hung the fish before
+the fire by a string, but, like Alfred in a similar situation, being too
+much occupied with his own reflections, forgot to turn the fish, so that a
+blister rose on the side of it. Terrified at the probable consequences of
+his carelessness, he attempted to press down the blister with his thumb,
+and feeling the smart caused by the burning fish, by a natural action put
+the injured member into his mouth. A morsel of the fish adhered to his
+thumb, and immediately he received the knowledge for which the giant had
+toiled so long in vain. Knowing that his master would kill him if he
+remained, he fled, and was soon pursued by the giant breathing vengeance:
+the chace was long, but whenever he was in danger of being caught, his
+thumb used to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he always obtained
+knowledge how to escape, until at last he succeeded in putting out the
+giant's eyes and killing him; and always afterwards, when in difficulty or
+danger, his thumb used to pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he
+obtained knowledge how to escape.
+
+Compare this legend with the legend of Ceridwen, Hanes Taliessin,
+_Mabinogion_, vol. iii. pp. 322, 323., the coincidence of which is very
+curious. Where also did Shakspeare get the {265} speech he makes one of the
+witches utter in _Macbeth_:
+
+ "By the _pricking of my thumbs_,
+  Something wicked this way comes."
+
+FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
+
+_Devonshire Cures for the Thrush._--"Take three rushes from any running
+stream, and pass them separately through the mouth of the infant: then
+plunge the rushes again into the stream, and as the current bears them
+away, so will the thrush depart from the child."
+
+Should this, as is not unlikely, prove ineffectual, "Capture the nearest
+duck that can be met with, and place its mouth, wide open, within the mouth
+of the sufferer. The cold breath of the duck will be inhaled by the child,
+and the disease will gradually, and as I have been informed, not the less
+surely, take its departure."
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HERALDIC NOTES.
+
+_Arms of Granville._--The meaning of the peculiar bearing which, since the
+thirteenth century, has appertained to this noble family, has always been a
+matter of uncertainty to heraldic writers: it has been variously blazoned
+as a clarion, clavicord, organ-rest, lance-rest, and sufflue. The majority
+of heralds, ancient and modern, term it a clarion without quite defining
+what a clarion is: that it is meant for a musical instrument (probably a
+kind of hand-organ), I have very little doubt; for, in the woodcut Mrs.
+Jameson gives in her _Legends of the Madonna_ (p. 19.) of Piero Laurati's
+painting of the "Maria Coronata," the uppermost angel on the left is
+represented as carrying an instrument exactly similar to this charge as it
+is usually drawn. The date of this painting is 1340. This is probably about
+the date of the painted glass window in the choir of Tewkesbury Abbey
+Church, where Robert Earl of Gloucester bears three of these clarions on
+his surcoat; and upon a careful examination of these, I was convinced that
+they were intended to represent instruments similar to that carried by the
+angel in Laurati's painting.
+
+_Arms of Richard, King of the Romans._--This celebrated man, the second son
+of King John, Earl of Cornwall and Poictou, was elected King of the Romans
+at Frankfort on St. Hilary's Day (Jan. 13th) 1256. His earldom of Cornwall
+was represented by--Argent, a lion rampant gules crowned or; his earldom of
+Poictou by a bordure sable, bezantee, or rather of peas (_poix_) in
+reference to the name _Poictou_; and as king of the Romans he is said to
+have borne these arms upon the breast of the German double-headed eagle
+displayed sable, which represented that dignity. I do not recollect having
+seen them under this last form, but I have "made a Note of" several other
+variations I have met with:--
+
+1. In Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire, in painted glass: Argent, a lion
+rampant, gules crowned or, within a bordure sable bezantee.
+
+2. On the seal of a charter granted by the earl to the monks of Okeburry: a
+lion rampant crowned. No bordure.
+
+3. On an encaustic tile in the old Singing-school at Worcester: A lion
+rampant _not_ crowned, with a bordure bezantee. Another tile has the eagle,
+single-headed, displayed.
+
+4. Encaustic tiles at Woodperry, Oxfordshire: A row of tiles with the lion
+rampant, apparently within a bordure, but without the bezants; followed by
+another row which has the eagle displayed, but not double-headed.
+
+5. On an encaustic tile at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, founded by him:
+The double-headed eagle only, _countercharged_.
+
+6. On a tile in the Priory Church of Great Malvern: The double-headed eagle
+displayed, within a circular bordure bezantee.
+
+7. On a tile which I have seen, but cannot just now recollect where: The
+double-headed eagle, bezantee, without any bordure.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A curious instance of ex-officio arms added to the paternal coat, occurs on
+the monument of Dr. Samuel Blythe, at the east end of St. Edward's Church,
+Cambridge. He was Master of Clare Hall, and in this example his paternal
+arms--Argent, a chevron gules, between three lions rampant sable--occupy
+the lower part of the shield, being divided at the fess point by something
+like an inverted chevron, from the arms of Clare Hall, which thus occupy
+the upper half of the shield. The date is 1713. Is this way of dividing the
+arms a blunder of the painter's, or can any of your readers point out a
+similar instance?
+
+NORRIS DECK.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Difficulty of avoiding Coincident Suggestions on the Text of
+Shakspeare._--A correspondent in Vol. viii., p. 193., is somewhat
+unnecessarily severe on MR. COLLIER and MR. SINGER, for having overlooked
+some suggestions in Jackson's work: the enormous number of useless
+conjectures in that publication rendering it so tedious and unprofitable to
+consider them attentively, the student is apt to think his time better
+engaged in investigating other sources of information. I think, therefore,
+little of MR. COLLIER overlooking the few coincident suggestions in
+Jackson, which are smaller in number than I had anticipated; the real cause
+for wonder consisting in the ignoring so many conjectures that have been
+treated of years ago, often at great length, by some of the {266} most
+distinguished critics this country has produced. Generally speaking,
+however, there is in these matters such a tendency for reproduction, I
+should for one hesitate to accuse any critic of intentional unfairness,
+merely because he puts forth conjectures as new, when they have been
+previously published; and I have found so many of my own attempts at
+emendation, thought to be original, in other sources, that I now hesitate
+at introducing any as novel. These attempts, like most others, have only
+resulted occasionally in one that will bear the test of examination after
+it has been placed aside, and carefully considered when the impression of
+novelty has worn off. I think we may safely appeal to all critics who
+occupy themselves much with conjectural criticism, and ask them if TIME
+does not frequently impair the complacency with which they regard their
+efforts on their first production.
+
+Vol. viii., p. 216., contains more instances of coincident suggestions,
+R. H. C. indulging in two conjectures, both supported very ably, but in the
+perfect unconsciousness that the first, _rude day's_, was long since
+mentioned by Mr. Dyce, in his _Remarks_, 1844, p. 172., and that the
+second, the change of punctuation in _All's Well that Ends Well_, is the
+reading adopted by Theobald, and it is also introduced by Mr. Knight in the
+text of his "National Edition," p 262., and has, I believe, been mentioned
+elsewhere. It may be said that this kind of repetition might be obviated by
+the publication of the various readings that have been suggested in the
+text of Shakspeare, but who is there to be found Quixotic enough to
+undertake so large and thankless a task, one which at best can only be most
+imperfectly executed: the materials being so scattered, and often so
+worthless, the compiler would, I imagine, abandon the design before he had
+made great progress in it. No fair comparison can be entertained in this
+respect between the text of Shakspeare and the texts of the classic
+authors. What has happened to R. H. C., happens, as I am about to show, to
+all who indulge in conjectural criticism.
+
+Any reader who will take a quantity of disputed passages in Shakspeare, and
+happens to be ignorant of what has been suggested by others, will discover
+that, in most of the cases, if he merely tries his skill on a few simple
+permutations of the letters, he will in one way or another stumble on the
+suggested words. Let us take, for example, what may be considered in its
+way as one of the most incomprehensible lines in Shakspeare--"Will you go,
+_An-heires_?" the last word being printed with a capital. Running down with
+the vowels from _a_, we get at once an apparently plausible suggestion,
+"Will you go _on here_?" but a little consideration will show how extremely
+unlikely this is to be the genuine reading, and that Mr. Dyce is correct in
+preferring _Mynheers_--a suggestion which belongs to Theobald, and not, as
+he mentions, to Hanmer. But what I maintain is, that _on here_ would be the
+correction that would occur to most readers, in all probability to be at
+once dismissed. MR. COLLIER, however, says "it is singular that nobody
+seems ever to have conjectured that _on here_ might be concealed under
+_An-heires_;" and it would have been singular had this been the case, but
+the suggestion of _on here_ is to be found in Theobald's common edition.
+Oddly enough, about a year before MR. COLLIER'S volume appeared, it was
+again suggested as if it were new.
+
+Let us select a still more palpable instance (_Measure for Measure_, Act
+II. Sc. 1.): "If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll rent the fairest
+house in it after threepence a _bay_." If this reading be wrong, which I do
+not admit, the second change in the first letter creates an obvious
+alteration, _day_, making at least some sort of sense, if not the correct
+one. Some years ago, I was rash enough to suggest _day_, not then observing
+the alteration was to be found in Pope's edition, and MR. COLLIER has
+fallen into the same oversight, when he gives it as one of the corrector's
+new emendations. I regard these oversights as very pardonable, and
+inseparable from any extensive attempt to correct the state of the text.
+All Shakspearian conjectures either anticipate or are anticipated.
+
+Mr. Dyce being _par excellence_ the most judicious verbal critic of the
+day, it will scarcely be thought egotistical to claim for myself the
+priority for one of his emendations--"_Avoid thee_, friend," in the _Few
+Notes_, p. 31., a reading I had mentioned in print before the appearance of
+that work. This is merely one of the many evidences that all verbal
+conjecturers must often stumble on the same suggestions. Even the MS.
+corrector's alteration of the passage is not new, it being found in Pope's
+and in several other editions of the last century; another circumstance
+that exhibits the great difficulty and danger of asserting a conjecture to
+be absolutely unknown.
+
+J. O. HALLIWELL
+
+P.S. The subject is, of course, capable of almost indefinite extension, but
+the above hasty notes will probably occupy as much space as you would be
+willing to spare for its consideration.
+
+_Alcides' Shoes._--There is merit, in my opinion, in elucidating, if it
+were only a single word in our great dramatist. Even the attempt, though
+mayhap a failure, is laudable. I therefore have made, and shall make, hit
+or miss, some efforts that way. For example, I now grapple with that very
+odd line--
+
+ "As great Alcides' shoes upon an ass."--_King John_, Act II. Sc. 1.
+
+out of which no one has as yet extracted, or I think ever will extract, any
+good meaning: _Argal_, {267} it is corrupt. Now it appears to me that the
+critic who proposed to read _shows_, came very near the truth, and would
+have hit it completely if he had retained _Alcides'_, for it is the
+genitive with _robe_ understood. To explain:
+
+Austria has on him the "skin-coat" of Coeur-de-Lion, and Blanch cries,--
+
+ "O! well did he become that lion's robe,
+  That did disrobe the lion of that robe."
+
+"It lies," observes the Bastard,
+
+ "It lies as sightly on the back of him (_Austria_)
+  As great Alcides' (_robe_) shows upon an ass:--
+  But, ass, I'll take that burden from your back," &c.
+
+Were it not that _doth_ is the usual word in this play, I might be tempted
+to read _does_. In reading or acting, then, the _caesura_ should be made at
+_Alcides'_, with a slight pause to give the hearer time to supply _robe_. I
+need not say that the robe is the lion's skin, and that there is an
+allusion to the fable of the ass.
+
+Now to justify this reading. Our ancestors knew nothing of our mode of
+making genitives by turned commas. They formed the gen. sing., and nom. and
+gen. pl., by simply adding _s_ to the nom. sing.; thus king made _kings_,
+_kings_, _kings_ (not _king's_, _kings_, _kings'_), and the context gave
+the case. If the noun ended in _se_, _ce_, _she_, or _che_, the addition of
+_s_ added a syllable, as _horses_, _princes_, &c., but it was not always
+added. Shakspeare, for example, uses _Lucrece_ and _cockatrice_ as
+genitives. I find the first instances of such words as _James's_, &c.,
+about the middle of the seventeenth century, but I am not deeply read in
+old books, so it may have been used earlier.
+
+In foreign words like _Alcides_, no change ever took place; it was the same
+for all numbers and cases, and the explanation was left to the context.
+Here are a couple of examples from Shakspeare himself:
+
+ "My fortunes every way as fairly ranked--
+  If not with vantage--as Demetrius."--_Midsummer Night's Dream_, Act I.
+      Sc. 1.
+
+    "To Brutus, to Cassius. Burn all. Some to Decius house, and some to
+    Cascas; some to Ligarius. Away! go!"--_Julius Caesar_, Act III. Sc. 3.
+
+All here are genitives, as well as _Cascas_. If any doubt, Brutus and
+Cassius, we have just been told, "Are rid like madmen through the gates of
+Rome," so _they_ could not be burned. I say now, _judicet lector_!
+
+I must not neglect to add that there was another mode of forming the
+genitive, namely, by the possessive pronoun, as _the king his palace_. "A
+fly that flew into my _mistress_ her eye," is the title of one of Carew's
+poems.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Longfellow's Poetical Works._--One of the best printed editions of
+Longfellow's _Poetical Works_ which has appeared in England is ushered in
+by "An Introductory Essay" by the Rev. G. Gilfillan, A.M. I had lived in
+hopes, through each successive edition, that either the good taste of the
+publishers would strike out the preface entirely, or the amended taste of
+its author curtail some of its redundancies. As neither has been the case,
+but the 4th edition of the book now lies before me, I beg to offer the
+following examples:
+
+1. Of Ancient History:
+
+    "His [Longfellow's] ornaments, unlike those of the _Sabine_ maid, have
+    not crushed him."
+
+2. Of Modern History--_Dickens a Poet_:
+
+    "A prophet may wrap himself up in austere and mysterious solitude: a
+    poet must come 'eating and drinking.' Thus came Shakspeare, Dryden,
+    Burns, Scott, Goethe; and thus have come in our day, _Dickens_, Hood,
+    and Longfellow."
+
+Is the song of "The Ivy Green" in _Pickwick_ sufficient to justify this
+appellation? I do not remember any other "Poem" by Charles Dickens.
+
+3. Of Metaphors. Out of sixteen pages it is difficult to make a selection,
+but the following are striking:
+
+    "If not a prophet, _torn by a secret burden, and uttering it_ in wild
+    tumultuous strains,... he has found inspiration ... in the legends of
+    other lands, whose _native vein_, in itself exquisite, has been _highly
+    cultivated_ and _delicately cherished_."
+
+    "Excelsion," we are told, "is one of those happy thoughts which seem to
+    drop down, like fine days, from some serener region, or _like moultings
+    of the celestial dove_, which _meet instantly the ideal_ of all minds,
+    _and run on afterwards_, and for ever, _in the current of the human
+    heart_."
+
+Does not this almost come up to Lord Castlereagh's famous metaphor? It
+certainly goes beyond Mr. Gilfillan's own praise of Longfellow, whose
+sentiment is described as "never false, nor strained, nor mawkish. It is
+_always mild_,... and _sometimes_ it _approaches the sublime_." Mr. G. goes
+one step farther.
+
+W. W.
+
+Northamptonshire.
+
+_Sir Walter Raleigh._--I find the following remonstrance in defence of this
+distinguished man, against the imputation of Hume, in a letter addressed by
+Dr. Parr to Charles Butler:
+
+    "Why do you follow Hume in representing Raleigh as an infidel? For
+    Heaven's sake, dear Sir, look to his preface to his _History of the
+    World_; look at his _Letters_, in a little 18mo., and here, but here
+    only, you will find a tract [entitled The Sceptic], which led Hume to
+    talk of Raleigh as an unbeliever. It is an epitome of the principles of
+    the old sceptics; and to me, who, like Dr. Clarke and Mr. Hume, am a
+    reader {268} of Sextus Empiricus, it is very intelligible. Indeed, Mr.
+    Butler, it is a most ingenious performance. But mark me well: it is a
+    mere _lusus ingenii_."
+
+Mr. Butler appends this note:
+
+    "Mr. Fox assured the Reminiscent, that either he, or Mrs. Fox to him,
+    had read aloud the whole, with a small exception, of Sir Walter
+    Raleigh's History."--Butler's _Reminiscences_, vol. ii. p. 232.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Curious Advertisement._--The following genuine advertisement is copied
+from a recent number of the _Connecticut Courant_, published at Hartford in
+America:
+
+ "Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,
+  She has left me in a lonesome mood;
+  She has left my board,
+  She has took my bed,
+  She has gave away my meat and bread,
+  She has left me in spite of friends and church,
+  She has carried with her all my shirts.
+  Now ye who read this paper,
+  Since she cut this reckless caper,
+  I will not pay one single fraction
+  For any debts of her contraction.
+                  LEVI ROCKWELL.
+  East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."
+
+G. M. B.
+
+_Gravestone Inscription._--I send an inscription on a gravestone in
+Northill churchyard, Bedfordshire, which is now nearly obliterated, given
+me by the Rev. John Taddy:
+
+ "Life is a city full of crooked streets,
+  Death is the market-place where all men meets.
+  If life were merchandise which men could buy,
+  The rich would only live, the poor would die."
+
+JULIA R. BOCKETT.
+
+Southcote Lodge.
+
+_Monumental Inscription._--
+
+    "Here lyeth the body of the most noble Elizabeth, daughter of John of
+    Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, own sister to King Henry the Fourth, wife of
+    John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after married to
+    Sir John Cornwall, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Fanhope. She died the
+    4th year of Henry the Sixth, Anno Domini 1426."
+
+The above is on a monument in Burford Church, in the county of Salop, and
+will perhaps be interesting to your correspondent MR. HARDY.
+
+Burford Church, in which there are several other interesting monuments, is
+situated in the luxuriant valley of the Teme, about eight miles south-east
+of Ludlow.
+
+A SALOPIAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SIR PHILIP WARWICK.
+
+    "A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and the
+    Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694."
+
+    "Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &c., 8vo.: London, 1702."
+
+To one or the other of these publications there was prefixed a preface
+which, as giving offence to the government, was suppressed. I agree with
+Mr. Bindley, who says (writing to Mr. Granger),
+
+    "The account you have given in your books of the _suppressed preface_
+    to Sir Philip Warwick's _Memoirs_, is an anecdote too curious not to
+    make one wish it _authenticated_."--_Letters to Mr. Granger_, p. 389.
+
+The statement of Granger is adopted also by the Edinburgh editor of the
+_Memoirs_ in 1813 (query, Sir W. Scott?), who says in his preface,
+
+    "These Memoirs were first published by the learned Dr. Thomas Smith, a
+    nonjuring divine, distinguished by oriental learning, and his writings
+    concerning the Greek Church. The learned editor added a preface so much
+    marked by his political principles, that he was compelled to _alter and
+    retrench it_, for fear of a prosecution at the instance of the
+    crown."--_Preface_, p. ix.
+
+So far as concerns the _Memoirs_. But in a note prefixed to a copy of the
+_Discourse of Government_, now in the Bodleian among Malone's books, and in
+his handwriting, it is stated,--
+
+    "This book was published by Dr. Thomas Smith, the learned writer
+    concerning the Greek Church. The preface, not being agreeable to the
+    Court at the time it was published (the 5th year of William III.), was
+    suppressed by authority, but is found in this and a few other copies.
+    Granger says (vol. iv. p. 60., vol. v. p. 267., new edit.) that this
+    preface by Dr. Smith was prefixed to Sir P. W.'s _Memoirs of Charles
+    I._; but this is a mistake. Whether Smith was the editor of the
+    _Memoirs_ I know not.--EDMOND MALONE."
+
+The obnoxious preface is assigned to the _Discourse of Government_ also, by
+a writer in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1790, p. 509., where is a
+portrait of Warwick, and a notice of his life.
+
+The Edinburgh editor of the _Memoirs_ gives the _original preface_ of that
+work, which presents nothing at which exception could be taken. But as my
+copy of the _Discourse_ is one of the few which (according to Malone)
+retains the address of "the publisher to the reader," I transcribe the
+following passages, which perhaps will sufficiently explain the suppression
+in 1694:
+
+    "As to the disciples and followers of Buchanan, Hobbs and Milton, who
+    have exceeded their masters in downright impudence, scurrility, and
+    lying, and the new modellers of commonwealths, who, under a zealous
+    pretence of securing the rights of a _fancied original contract_
+    against the encroachments of monarchs, are sowing the seeds of eternal
+    disagreements, confusions, {269} and bloody wars throughout the world
+    (for the influence of evil principles hath no bounds, but, like
+    infectious air, spreads everywhere), the peaceable, sober, truly
+    Christian, and Church-of-England doctrine contained in this book, so
+    directly contrary to their furious, mad, unchristian, and fanatical
+    maxims, it cannot otherwise be expected but that they will soon be
+    alarmed, and betake themselves to their usual arts of slander and
+    reviling, and grow very fierce and clamorous upon it. Whatever shall
+    happen," &c.
+
+Subsequently the author is spoken of as
+
+    "A gentlemen of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great and vast
+    understanding, and of a very solid judgement; a true son of the Church
+    of England, and _consequently a zealous asserter and defender of the
+    truly Christian and apostolical doctrine of non-resistance_; always
+    loyal and faithful to the king his master in the worst of times," &c.
+
+After these specimens, there will be little difficulty, I think, in
+determining that Granger was mistaken in describing the preface to the
+_Memoirs_ as that which was suppressed, and that it was the publisher's
+"address to the reader" of the _Discourse_ which incurred that sentence.
+Dr. Thomas Smith appears to have edited both works; and in the same address
+informs us of other works of Warwick in
+
+    "Divinity, philosophy, history, especially that of England, practical
+    devotion, and the like. This I now publish [the _Discourse_] was
+    written in the year 1678 (and designed as an appendix to his _Memoirs
+    of the Reign of King Charles the First_, of most blessed memory, which
+    hereafter may see the light, when more auspicious times shall encourage
+    and favour the publication), which he, being very exact and curious in
+    his compositions, did often refine upon," &c.
+
+It may be well to inquire whether any of these theological or philosophical
+lucubrations are yet extant. Was Sir Philip connected at all with Dr.
+Smith, or was he descended from Arthur Warwick, author of _Spare Minutes_?
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH.
+
+I shall be exceedingly obliged by any explanatory remarks on the following
+list of seals:--
+
+1. Oval (size 2.1 in. by 1.3). The angel Gabriel kneeling before a standing
+figure of the Virgin, and holding a scroll, on which is inscribed AVE
+MARIA. Legend:
+
+    * [cross] S. HOS * PITALIS * IER * NE * NACH.
+
+Yarmouth was anciently called Gernemutha, or Iernemutha; and Ives
+attributes this seal to Yarmouth, though both the legend and the
+workmanship have a decidedly foreign appearance.
+
+Can any more satisfactory locality be assigned it?
+
+2. Circular (1 in. in diameter). Three fishes naiant (the arms of
+Yarmouth), within a bordure of six cusps. Legend:
+
+  SAAL D' ASAI D' GRANT GARNAMVT.
+
+Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has been
+employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until 1847.
+
+Can it have reference to the staple? (Vid. Statutes at Large, Anne; 27 Ed.
+III. stat. 2.; 43 Ed. III. cap. 1.; 14 Ric. II. cap. 1.)
+
+3. Circular (size 1.1 in. diameter). On an escutcheon a herring hauriant;
+the only instance of this bearing in connection with Yarmouth. Legend:
+
+    S. OFFIC : CORROTULAT : I : NOVE : IERNMUTH.
+
+Of this seal nothing whatever is known. Its workmanship is of the fifteenth
+century. The suggested extension of the legend is "Sigillum officii
+contrarotulatoris"--in nova Jernemutha, or in _nave_ Jernemuthe. But was
+Yarmouth ever called _nova Gernemutha_? or what was the office alluded to?
+
+The above are required for a literary purpose; and as speedy an answer as
+possible would much oblige me.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Hand in Bishop Canning's Church._--In Bishop Canning's Church, Wilts, is a
+curious painting of a hand outstretched, and having on the fingers and
+thumb several inscriptions in abbreviated Latin. Can any correspondent tell
+me when and why this was placed in the church; and also the inscriptions
+which appear thereon?
+
+RUSSELL GOLE.
+
+_"I put a spoke in his wheel."_--What is the meaning of the phrase, "I put
+a spoke in his wheel?"
+
+In April last, a petition was heard in the Rolls Court on the part of the
+trustees of Manchester New College, praying that they might be allowed to
+remove that institution to London; and a single trustee was heard against
+such removal. One of the friends of the college was on this occasion heard
+to remark, "the removal to London was going on very smoothly, and it would
+have been done by this time, if this one trustee had not _put his spoke in
+the wheel_:" meaning, that the conscientious scruple of this trustee was
+the sole _impediment to the movement_. Is this the _customary_ and proper
+mode of using the phrase; and, if so, how can putting a spoke to a wheel
+impede its motion?
+
+On the other hand, having heard some persons say that they had always
+understood the phrase to denote affording _help_ to an undertaking, and
+confidently allege that this must be the _older_ and {270} more correct
+usage, for "what," say they, "is a wheel without spokes?" I inquired of an
+intelligent lady, of long American descent, in what way she had been
+accustomed to hear the phrase employed, and the answer was "Certainly as a
+help: we used to say to one who had anything in hand of difficult
+accomplishment, 'Do not be faint-hearted, I'll give you a spoke.'"
+
+Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of his _Dictionary_, 1755, after defining
+a spoke to be the "bar of a wheel that passes from the nave to the felly,"
+cites:
+
+ "    .    .    .    .       All you gods,
+  In general synod, take away her power,
+  Break all the _spokes_ and fellies to her wheel,
+  And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."--_Shakspeare_.
+
+G. K.
+
+_Sir W. Hewit._--At p. 159. of Mr. Thoms's recent edition of Pulleyn's
+_Etymological Compendium_, Sir W. Hewit, the father-in-law of Edward
+Osborne, who was destined to found the ducal family of Leeds, is said to
+have been "a pin-maker." Some other accounts state that he was a
+clothworker; others again, that he was a goldsmith. Which is correct; and
+what is the authority? And where may any pedigree of the Osborne family,
+_previous to Edward_, be seen?
+
+H. T. GRIFFITH.
+
+_Passage in Virgil._--Dr. Johnson, in his celebrated Letter to Lord
+Chesterfield, says, in reference to the hollowness of patronage: "The
+shepherd, in Virgil, grew at last acquainted with Love; and found him a
+native of the rocks." To what passage in Virgil does Johnson here refer,
+and what is the point intended to be conveyed?
+
+R. FITZSIMONS.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Fauntleroy._--In Binns' _Anatomy of Sleep_ it is stated that a few years
+ago an affidavit was taken in an English court of justice, to the effect
+that Fauntleroy was still living in a town of the United States.
+
+Can any of your correspondents refer me to the circumstance in question?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Animal Prefixes, descriptive of Size and Quality._--Will somebody oblige
+me by pointing out in the modern languages any analogous instances to the
+Greek [Greek: bon], English _horse_-radish, _dog_-rose, _bull_-finch, &c.?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Punning Devices._--Sir John Cullum, in his _Hist. of Hawsted_, 1st edit.
+p. 114., says that the seal of Sir William Clopton, knight, t. Hen. VII.,
+was "a ton, out of which issues some plant, perhaps a _caltrop_, which
+might be contracted to the first syllable of his name." This appears to be
+too violent a contraction. Can any of your readers suggest any other or
+closer analogy between the name and device?
+
+BURIENSIS.
+
+"_Pinece with a stink._"--In Archbishop Bramhall's _Schism Guarded_
+(written against Serjeant) there is a passage in which the above curious
+expression occurs, and of which I can find no satisfactory, nor indeed any
+explanation whatever. The passage is this (_Works_, vol. ii. p. 545., edit.
+Ox.):
+
+    "But when he is baffled in the cause, he hath a reserve,--that
+    Venerable Bede, and Gildas, and Foxe in his Acts and Monuments, do
+    brand the Britons for wicked men, making them 'as good as Atheists; of
+    which gang if this Dinoth were one,' he 'will neither wish the Pope
+    such friends, nor envy them to the Protestants.'
+
+    "What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend
+    himself like a _pinece with a stink_? We read no other character of
+    Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."
+
+Can any of your readers furnish an explanation?
+
+R. BLAKISTON.
+
+_Soiled Parchment Deeds._--Having in my possession some old and very dirty
+parchment deeds, and other records, now almost illegible from the
+accumulation of grease, &c., on the surface of the skins, I am desirous to
+know if there be any "royal road" to the cleansing and restoration of these
+otherwise enduring MSS.?
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+_Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s Cheshire Collection._--Can any of your
+correspondents say where the original collection made by the above-named
+gentleman, or a copy of them, referred to in Dr. Foote Gower's _Sketch of
+the Materials for a Cheshire History_, may now be met with?
+
+CESTRIENSIS.
+
+_Cambridge and Ireland._--In the first volume of the _Pictorial History of
+England_, p. 270., it is stated that--
+
+    "Martin skins are mentioned in _Domesday Book_ among the commodities
+    brought by sea to Chester; and this appears from other authorities to
+    have been one of the exports in ancient times from Ireland. Notices are
+    also found of merchants from Ireland _landing at Cambridge_ with
+    cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."
+
+The authority quoted for this statement is Turner, vol. iii. p. 113.
+
+On referring to Turner's _Anglo-Saxons_, I find it stated:
+
+    "We read of merchants from Ireland _landing at Cambridge_ with cloths,
+    and exposing their merchandise to sale."
+
+Mr. Turner refers to Gale, vol. ii. p. 482.
+
+I do not know to what work Mr. Turner refers, unless to Gale's _Rerum
+Anglicarum Scriptores {271} Veteres_; on examining this I can find no
+passage at the page and volume indicated, on the subject.
+
+Can any of your readers state where it is to be found? It appears
+remarkable that the merchants from Ireland should land at the inland town
+of Cambridge, and it seems a probable conjecture that Cambridge is a
+mistake for Cambria.
+
+William of Malmesbury speaks of a commerce between Ireland and the
+neighbourhood of Chester, and it seems much more probable that the
+merchants of Ireland landed in Wales than in Cambridge.
+
+JOHN THRUPP.
+
+_Derivation of Celt._--What is the proper derivation of the word _celt_, as
+applied to certain weapons of antiquity? A good authority, in Dr. Smith's
+_Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, p. 351., obtains the term
+from--
+
+    "Celtes, an old Latin word for a chisel, probably derived from caelo, to
+    engrave."
+
+Mr. Wright (_The Celt, Roman, and Saxon_, p. 73.) says that Hearne first
+applied the word to such implements in _bronze_, believing them to be
+"Roman _celtes_ or chisels;" and that--
+
+    "Subsequent writers, ascribing these instruments to the Britons, have
+    retained the name, forgetting its origin, and have applied it
+    indiscriminately, not only to other implements of bronze, but even to
+    the analogous instruments of _stone_."
+
+And he objects to the term "as too generally implying that things to which
+it is applied are Celtic." On the other hand, Dr. Wilson (_Prehistoric
+Annals_, p. 129.) prefers to retain the word, inasmuch as the Welsh
+etymologists, Owen and Spurrell, furnish an ancient Cambro-British word
+_celt_, a flint stone. M. Worsaae (_Primeval Antiq._, p. 26.) confines the
+term to those instruments of bronze which have a hollow socket to receive a
+wooden handle; the other forms being called paalstabs on the Continent. It
+seems clear that there is no connexion between this word and the name of
+the nation (_Celtae_); but its true origin may perhaps be elicited by a
+little discussion in the pages of "N. & Q."
+
+C. R. M.
+
+_Ancient Superstition against the King of England entering or even
+beholding the Town of Leicester._--The existence of a superstition to this
+effect is recorded in Rishanger's _Chronicle_, and also, as I am informed,
+in that of Thomas Wikes; but this I have not at present an opportunity of
+consulting.
+
+Rishanger's words are:
+
+    "Rex [Henricus III.] autem, capta Norhamptun., Leycestr. tendens, in ea
+    hospitatus est, quam nullus regni praeter eum etiam videre,
+    prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiose, praesumpsit."--P. 26.
+
+It is also mentioned by Matthew of Westminster. (Vide Bohn's edition, vol.
+ii. p. 412.) The statement, that no king before Henry III. had entered the
+town, is however incorrect, as William the Conqueror and King John are
+instances to the contrary.
+
+Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of this superstition, or
+favour me with any farther notices respecting it?
+
+It is not unworthy of observation that very many of the royal personages
+who have visited Leicester, have been either unfortunate in their lives, or
+have met with tragical deaths.
+
+We may, however, hope, for the credit of the town, that their misfortunes
+may be attributed to other causes, rather than to their presence within its
+time-hallowed walls.
+
+WM. KELLY.
+
+Leicester.
+
+_Burton._--Is there any family of this name who can make out a descent
+from, or connexion with, a Mr. John Burton, alderman of Doncaster, who died
+1718?
+
+C. J.
+
+_The Camera Lucida._--I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. & Q."
+who would be kind enough to answer the following questions, and refer me to
+any work treating of the handling and management of the Camera Lucida. I
+have one made by King of Bristol, and purchased about thirty years ago: it
+draws out, like a telescope, in three pieces, each six inches long; and at
+full length will give a picture of the dimensions of twenty inches by
+twelve. The upper piece is marked from above downwards, thus: at two inches
+below the lens, "2;" at an inch below that point, "3;" at half an inch
+lower, "4;" at half an inch lower still, "5;" half an inch below the point
+"5," a "7" is marked; and half an inch below the "7," there is a "10;" at
+seven-eighths below this last, "D" is marked. What reference have these
+nicely graduated points to the distance of an object from the instrument?
+Do the figures merely determine the size of the picture to be taken? How is
+one to be guided in their use and application to practice?
+
+CARET.
+
+_Francis Moore._--Francis Moore was born at Bakewell about the year 1592,
+and was Proctor of Lichfield Cathedral at the time of the Great Rebellion.
+I am anxious to know who were his parents, and what their place of abode.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle._--What were the family arms of Dr. John Waugh,
+Bishop of Carlisle, who died October 29, 1734? Was he of a Scotch family,
+and are any of his descendants now living?
+
+RUFUS.
+
+_Palace at Enfield._--We read that there was formerly a royal palace at
+Enfield in Middlesex, ten miles north from London; and one room still {272}
+remains in its original state. Can you, or any of your subscribers, inform
+me whereabouts in the town it is situated? Also, the date of erection of
+the church?
+
+HAZELWOOD.
+
+_"Solamen miseris," &c._--Please to state in what author is the following
+line? No one knows.
+
+    "Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris."
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+_Soke Mills._--Correspondents are requested to communicate the names of
+"Soke" or Manorial Mills, to which the suit is still enforced.
+
+S. M.
+
+_Second Wife of Mallet._--The second wife of Mallet was Lucy Elstob, a
+Yorkshire lady, daughter of a steward of the Earl of Carlisle. Can any of
+your readers inform me at what place in Yorkshire her father resided, and
+where the marriage with Mallet in 1742 took place? She survived her
+husband, and lived to the age of eighty years. Where did she die, and what
+family did Mallet leave by his two wives?
+
+F.
+
+Leamington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Books burned by the Common Hangman._--
+
+    "Historia Anglo-Scotica: or an Impartial History of all that happen'd
+    between the kings and kingdoms of England and Scotland from the
+    beginning of the Reign of _William the Conqueror_ to the Reign of Queen
+    Elizabeth, &c., by James Drake, M.D., 8vo., London, 1703."
+
+Of this work it is said, in a note in the _Catalogue_ of Geo. Chalmers'
+library (fourth day's sale, Sept. 30, 1841), that--
+
+    "On June 30, 1703, the Scotch parliament ordered this book to be burned
+    by the hands of the common hangman, and that the magistrates of
+    Edinburgh should see it carried into effect at eleven o'clock on the
+    following day."
+
+Will any correspondent of yours furnish me with some notice of Dr. Drake,
+the author, and also explain the ground of offence upon which his book was
+condemned? I confess to be unable to discover anything to offend; neither,
+as it seems, could Mr. Surtees, for he says:
+
+    "I quote Drake's _Historia Anglo-Scotica_, 1703, a book which, for what
+    reason I never could discover, was ordered to be burned by the common
+    hangman."--_History of Durham_, vol. iv. p. 55. note _l_.
+
+Any notices of books which have been signalised by being subjected to
+similar condemnation, would much interest me, and perhaps others of your
+readers.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+    [The ground of offence for burning the _Historia Anglo-Scotica_ is
+    stated in _The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland_, vol. xi. p. 66.,
+    viz.: "Ordered, that a book published by the title of _Historia
+    Anglo-Scotica_, by James Drake, M.D., and dedicated to Sir Edward
+    Symour containing many false and injurious reflections upon the
+    sovereignty and independence of this crown and nation, be burnt by the
+    hand of the common hangman at the mercat Cross of Edinburgh, at eleven
+    o'clock to-morrow (July 1, 1703), and the magistrates of Edinburgh
+    appointed to see the order punctually executed." It would appear from
+    the dedication prefixed to this work, that Drake merely pretended to
+    edit it, for he says, that "upon a diligent revisal, in order, if
+    possible, to discover the name of the author, and the age of his
+    writing, he found that it was written in, or at least not finished
+    till, the time of Charles I." But he says nothing more of the MS., nor
+    how it came into his hands. A notice of Dr. Drake is given in
+    Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, and in the preface to _The
+    Memorial of the Church of England_, edit. 1711, which was also burnt by
+    the common hangman in 1705. See "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 519.]
+
+_Captain George Cusack._--It appears by an affidavit made by a Mr. Thomas
+Nugent in the year 1674, and now of record in the Exchequer Record Office,
+Dublin, that--
+
+    "He, being on or about the 20th of September preceding in London, was
+    by one Mr. Patrick Dowdall desired to goe along with him to see one
+    George Cusack, then in prison there for severall hainous offences
+    alleadged to have beene by him committed, which he could not do by
+    reason of other occasions; but having within two or three days
+    afterwards mett with Mr. Dowdall, was told by him that he had since
+    their last meeting seene the said Cusack in prison (being the
+    Marshalsea in Southwark) with bolts on, and that none of Cusack's men
+    who were alsoe in prison were bolted:"
+
+that on the 11th of November Cusack was still in restraint, and not as yet
+come to his trial:
+
+    "That there were _bookes written of the said Cusack's offences_, which
+    he heard cryed about in the streets of London to be sold, and that y^e
+    generall opinion and talke was that the said Cusack should suffer death
+    for his crimes."
+
+By a fragment of an affidavit made by a Mr. Morgan O'Bryen, of the Middle
+Temple, London, it appears that this man was a Captain George Cusack, who,
+I presume, was a pirate. May I take leave to ask, are the above-mentioned
+books in existence, and where are they to be found?
+
+JAMES F. FERGUSON.
+
+Dublin.
+
+    [In the British Museum is the following pamphlet:--"The Grand Pyrate:
+    or the Life and Death of Captain George Cusack, the Great Sea-Robber,
+    with an Accompt of all his notorious Robberies both at Sea and Land;
+    together with his Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution. Taken by an
+    Impartial Hand." London, 1676, pp. 24. 4to.]
+
+_Sir Ralph Winwood._--I am particularly desirous of obtaining some
+information respecting {273} Sir Ralph Winwood, private secretary to James
+I., and should feel much obliged if any of your numerous correspondents
+would favour me with anything they may know concerning him, or with the
+titles of any works in which his name is mentioned.
+
+H. P. W. R.
+
+    [Biographical notices of Sir Ralph Winwood will be found in _Biographia
+    Britannica_, Supplement; Lloyd's _State Worthies_; Wood's _Athenae_;
+    Granger and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionaries. Sir F. Drake's Voyage,
+    by T. Maynarde, is dedicated to him. Letters to him from Sir Thomas
+    Roe, in 1615, 1616, are in the British Museum, Add. MS. 6115. fol. 71.
+    75. 146. And a letter to him from Sir Dudley Carlton will be found in
+    the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lvii. p. 143. The Diaries of the time
+    of James I. may also be consulted; a list of them is given in "N. &
+    Q.," Vol. vi., p. 363.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 93.)
+
+The authority for this ancient custom appears to be derived from an act of
+the Convocation which assembled in 1562. Strype informs us (_Annals_, vol.
+i. c. 27.) that at this Convocation the following injunctions were given:
+
+    "First, That a Catechism be set forth in Latin, which is already done
+    by Mr. Dean of Paul's [Dean Nowell], and wanteth only viewing.
+    Secondly, That certain Articles [the Thirty-nine Articles], containing
+    the principal grounds of Christian religion, be set forth much like to
+    such Articles as were set forth a little before the death of King
+    Edward, of which Articles the most part may be used with additions and
+    corrections as shall be thought convenient. Thirdly, That to these
+    Articles also be adjoined the _Apology_, writ by Bishop Jewell, lately
+    set forth after it, hath been once again revised and so augmented and
+    corrected as occasion serveth. That these be joined in _one_ book; and
+    by common consent authorised as containing true doctrine, and be
+    enjoined to be taught the youth in the Universities and grammar schools
+    throughout the realm, and also in cathedral churches, and collegiate,
+    and in private houses: and that whosoever shall preach, declare, write,
+    or speak anything in derogation, depraving or despising of the said
+    book, or any doctrine therein contained, and be thereof lawfully
+    convicted before any ordinary, &c., he shall be ordered as in case of
+    heresy, or else shall be punished as is appointed for those that offend
+    and speak against the Book of Common Prayer, set forth in the first
+    year of the Queen's Majesty's reign that now is: that is to say, he
+    shall for the first offence forfeit 100 marks; for the second offence,
+    400 marks; and for the third offence, all his goods and chattels, and
+    shall suffer imprisonment during life."
+
+It is probable that this book found a place in churches as affording a
+standard of orthodoxy easy of reference to congregations in times not
+sufficiently remote from the Reformation, to render the preaching of Romish
+doctrines unlikely. This, if the surmise be correct, would be emphatically
+to bring the officiating minister to book. In Prestwich Church, the desk
+yet remains, together with the "Book of Articles," bound up as prescribed
+with Jewel's _Apology_ (black-letter, 1611), but the chain has disappeared.
+The neighbouring church of Bingley has also its desk, to which the chain is
+still attached; but the "Book of Articles" has given place to some more
+modern volume.
+
+JOHN BOOKER.
+
+Prestwich.
+
+MR. SIMPSON will find some account of the _Paraphrase of Erasmus_ so
+chained (of which he says he cannot recal an instance) at Vol i., p. 172.,
+and Vol. v., p. 332.
+
+The following list (remains of which more or less perfect, with chains
+appended, are still extant) will probably be interesting to many of your
+readers:
+
+ "_Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606._
+
+  Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.
+  Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.
+  Origen against Celsus.
+  Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.
+  Lira vpon the Kings, &c.
+  Theophilact vpon the New Testam^t.
+  Beda vpon Luke and other P^{ts} of the Testam^t.
+  Opuscula Augustini, thome x.
+  Augustini Questiones in Nou[=u] Testament[=u].
+  The Paraphrase of Erasmus.
+  The Defence of the Apologye.
+  Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."
+          From Ecclesfield Church accounts.
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+In Malvern Abbey Church is a copy of Dean Comber's _Companion to the
+Temple_, chained to a desk, and bearing a written inscription to the effect
+that it should never be removed out of the church; but should remain
+chained to its desk for ever, for the use of any parishioner who might
+choose to come in and read it there.
+
+N. B. I have mislaid my copy of this inscription: and should feel greatly
+obliged to any of your correspondents who may be residing in or near Great
+Malvern, for a transcript of it. As it may be thought somewhat long for
+your pages, perhaps some correspondent would kindly copy it out for me, and
+inclose it to Rev. H. T. GRIFFITH, Hull.
+
+University Club.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EPITAPHS.
+
+(Vol. vii. _passim._)
+
+A goodly collection of singular epitaphs has appeared in "N. & Q."; but I
+believe it yet lacks {274} a specimen of the following tomfoolery--an
+initial epitaph. Green, in his _History of Worcester_, gives the following
+inscription from a monument under the north-west window of St. Andrew's
+Church in that city:
+
+ "Short of Weight.
+      H L T B O
+         R W
+     I H O A J R
+    A D 1780 A 63."
+
+Green adds the following explanation of this riddle:
+
+    "In _full measure_ it would have stood thus: 'Here Lieth The Body Of
+    Richard Weston, In Hopes Of A Joyful Resurrection. Anno Domini 1780.
+    Aged 63.'"
+
+Richard Weston was a baker, and the "Short of weight" gives the clue to the
+nature of his dealings, and also to the right reading of the epitaph.
+
+The following is from Ombersley Churchyard, Worcestershire:
+
+ "Sharp was her wit,
+    Mild was her nature;
+  A tender wife,
+    A good humoured creature."
+
+From the churchyard of St. John, Worcester:
+
+ "Honest John's
+  Dead and gone."
+
+From the churchyard of Cofton Hackett, Worcestershire, are the two
+following:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of John Galey, sen., in expectation of the Last
+    Day. What sort of man he was that day will discover. He was clerk of
+    this parish fifty-five years. He died in 1756, aged 75."
+
+The next is also to a Galey. Your correspondent PICTOR (Vol. viii., p. 98.)
+gives the same epitaph, slightly altered, as being at Wingfield, Suffolk:
+
+ "Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),
+  An honest man's the noblest work of GOD.
+  If this assertion is from error clear,
+  One of the noblest works of GOD lies here."
+
+From Alvechurch, Worcestershire; to a man and wife:
+
+    "He, an honest, good-natured, worthy man; she, as eminent for conjugal
+    and maternal virtues during her marriage and widowhood, as she had been
+    before for amiable delicacy of person and manners."
+
+The following, which is probably not to be surpassed, appeared in one of
+the earliest numbers of _Household Words_. It is from the churchyard of
+Pewsey, Wiltshire:
+
+    "Here lies the body of Lady O'Looney, great-niece of Burke, commonly
+    called the Sublime. She was bland, passionate, and deeply religious:
+    also, she painted in water-colours, and sent several pictures to the
+    Exhibition. She was first cousin to Lady Jones: and of such is the
+    kingdom of heaven."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+If epitaphs of recent date are admitted in "N. & Q.," perhaps the
+following, upon an editor, which lately appeared in the _Halifax Colonist_,
+may not be out of place in your publication:
+
+ "Here _lies_ an editor!
+    _Snooks_ if you will;
+  In mercy, kind Providence,
+    Let him _lie still_.
+  He _lied_ for his living: so
+    He lived, while he _lied_,
+  When he could not _lie longer_,
+    He _lied_ down, and died."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+ "Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,
+  I believe there never was such another;
+  She had a head to earn and a heart to give,
+  And many poor she did relieve.
+  She lived in virtue and in virtue died,
+  And now in Heaven she doth reside.
+  Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,
+  If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.
+  And when I am lying by her side,
+  Who was in life her daily pride,
+  Tho' she's confined in coffins three,
+  She'd leave them all and come to me!"
+
+The above lines, written on a tablet in a church at Exeter, were composed
+by Mr. Tuckett, tallow-chandler, to the memory of his wife. An old
+subscriber of "N. & Q." thinks this epitaph more strange and curious than
+any which has yet appeared in the columns of that valuable publication.
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 507.)
+
+I copy the following from the fly-leaf of _A Treatise of Ecclesiastical
+Benefices and Revenues_, by the learned Father Paul, translated by Tobias
+Jenkins, 8vo., Westminster, 1736:
+
+    "Bibliotheca de Bassingbourn in Com. Cant. Dono dedit Edvardus
+    Nightingale de Kneeseworth Armiger Filius et Hares Fundatoris. Feb.
+    1^{mo}, 1735^{to}."
+
+How the volume got out of the library I know not: it was purchased some
+years since at a sale in Oxford.
+
+Y. B. N. J.
+
+To the list of parochial libraries allow me to add that of Denchworth, near
+Wantage, Berks. In a small apartment over the porch, the _parvise_, I
+recollect, some years since, to have seen a very fair collection of old
+divinity, the books being, all of them, confined by chains, according to
+the ancient usage, an instance of which I never saw elsewhere. {275}
+
+At St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, there is also a collection of books,
+mostly the gift of the Newtes, Richard (rejected in 1646 and restored in
+1660), and John his son, rectors of the portions of Tidcombe and Clare in
+that church. The books are preserved in a room over the vestry.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+Another _venerable_ archdeacon now living permitted the churchwardens of
+Swaffham to give him a fine copy of Cranmer's Bible belonging to the church
+library.
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+Add to the list Finedon, in Northamptonshire, where there is a collection
+of upwards of 1000 volumes in the parvise over the porch.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"UP, GUARDS, AND AT THEM!"
+
+(Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., pp. 111. 184.)
+
+The authority for the Duke of Wellington having used these words at the
+battle of Waterloo is Capt. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, in a letter
+written a few days after the battle, published in Booth's _Battle of
+Waterloo_, and illustrated by George Jones, Esq., R.A., who is believed to
+have superintended the whole publication. I append the extract:--
+
+    "Upon the cavalry being repulsed, the Duke himself ordered our second
+    battalion to form line with the third battalion, and, after advancing
+    to the brow of the hill, to lie down and shelter ourselves from the
+    fire. Here we remained, I imagine, near an hour. It was now about seven
+    o'clock. The French infantry had in vain been brought against our line
+    and, as a last resource, Buonaparte resolved upon attacking our part of
+    the position with his veteran Imperial Guard, promising them the
+    plunder of Brussels. Their artillery and they advanced in solid column
+    to where we lay. The Duke, who was riding behind us, watched their
+    approach; and at length, when within a hundred yards of us, exclaimed
+    'Up, guards, and at them again!' Never was there a prouder moment than
+    this for our country or ourselves," &c.--Second Letter of Capt. Batty,
+    Grenadier Guards, dated June 22, 1815, from the village of Gommignies;
+    his First Letter being dated Bavay, June 21, 1815.
+
+This circumstantial account, written so few days after the battle,
+detailing affirmatively the command to the guards as heard by one of
+themselves, will probably countervail the negative testimony of C. as
+derived from the Duke's want of recollection: as well as the "Goodly
+Botherby's" of MR. CUTHBERT BEDE. As an instance of the Duke's impressions
+of the battle, I may add, that he stated that there was _no smoke_, though
+Mr. Jones told me, that when he was on the ground two days afterwards the
+smoke was still hanging over it.
+
+FRANK HOWARD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Mr. Muller's Process._--MR. SISSON inquires for any one's experience in
+the use of the above formula, and I beg to say I remember when it was
+published I tried it, but gave it up. It is an excellent plan, but requires
+improvement. The following were my objections:
+
+If the objects are not well illuminated by the sun, the image is not sharp.
+The skies taken are singularly the reverse of the iodide-of-potash method,
+as they are almost transparent.
+
+The solutions of iron are a constant trouble by precipitating.
+
+It has the same disadvantages as other modes on paper from inequality in
+the strength of the image. The photographic _pons asinorum_ appears however
+to be got over by the process, viz. taking the picture at once in the
+camera, and it is very possible that it can be made perfect. A small
+quantity of chromate of potash, about one grain to three ounces of solution
+of iodide of iron, gives a little more force to the picture.
+
+I find the nitrate of lead a very useful salt in iodizing paper. Six grains
+of the salt to the ounce of water, and tincture of iodine added till a pale
+yellow, will give additional sensitiveness to iodized paper, if the sheets
+are floated upon the solution. This will shorten the time in the camera
+nearly five minutes; but it requires care, as it is apt to solarize.
+
+A weak solution of iodide of iron has also the same effect, and, if blotted
+off at once, it will not blacken by the use of gallic acid.
+
+WELD TAYLOR.
+
+Bayswater.
+
+_Stereoscopic Angles._--When I last addressed you, I fancied I should set
+the stereoscopic-angle question at rest. It appears, however, that MR. G.
+SHADBOLT is unconvinced, and as I alone (to the best of my knowledge) have
+defined and solved the problem in relation to this subject, you will
+perhaps allow me to offer a few words in rejoinder to MR. S.'S arguments
+which, had that gentleman thought more closely, would not have been
+advanced. This is also requisite, because, from their speciousness, they
+are likely to mislead such as take what they read for granted. MR. S. says
+that when the stereographs are placed at the same distance from the eyes as
+the focal length of the lens, that 2-1/4 inches is the best space for the
+cameras to be apart; and that were this space increased, the result would
+be as though the pictures were taken from models. To this I reply, that the
+only correct space for the cameras to be apart is 2-1/2 inches (_i. e._ the
+space usually found to be from pupil to pupil of our eyes), and this under
+every circumstance; and that any departure from this must produce error. As
+to the model-like appearance, I cannot see the reason of {276} it. Next MR.
+SHADBOLT says, and rightly, that when the pictures are seen from a less
+distance than the focal length of the lens, they appear to be increased in
+bulk. But the "obvious remedy" I pronounce to be wrong, as it must produce
+error. The remedy is nevertheless obvious, and consists in placing the
+stereographs at the same distance from the eyes as the focal length of the
+lens. But, if this cannot be done, it were surely better to submit to some
+trifling exaggeration than to absolute deformity and error. MR. S. says
+also, that as we mainly judge of distance, &c. by the convergence of the
+optic axis of our eyes (Query, How do persons with only one eye judge?),
+so, in short or medium distances, it were better to let the camera radiate
+from its centre to the principal object to be delineated. The result of
+this must be error, as the following illustration will show. Let the sitter
+(for it is especially recommended in portraits) hold before him,
+horizontally, and in parallelism with the picture, a ruler two feet long;
+and let planes parallel to the ruler pass through the sitter's ears, eyes,
+nose, &c. The consequence would be that the ruler, and all the other planes
+parallel to it, would have two vanishing points, and all the features be
+erroneously rendered. This, to any one conversant with perspective, should
+suffice. But, as all are not acquainted with perspective, perhaps the
+following illustration may prove more convincing. Suppose an ass to stand
+facing the observer; a boy astride him, with a big drum placed before him.
+Now, under the treatment recommended by MR. G. SHADBOLT, both sides of the
+ass would be visible; both the boy's legs; and the drum would have two
+heads. This would be untrue, absurd, ridiculous, and quite as wonderful as
+Mr. Fenton's twelve-feet span view from across the Thames.
+
+Once more, and I shall have done with the present arguments of MR. G.
+SHADBOLT. He says that the two pictures should have exactly the same range
+of vision. This I deny: for, were it so, there would be no stereoscopic
+effect. Let the object be a column: it is evident that a tangent to the
+left side of the column from the right eye, could not extend so far to the
+left as a tangent to the left side of the column from the left eye, and
+_vice versa_. And it is only by this difference in the two pictures (or, in
+other words, the range of vision) that our conceptions of solidity are
+created. This is not exactly the test to suit the views of MR. SHADBOLT, as
+I am quite aware; but I chose it for its simplicity, and because it will
+bear demonstration; and my desire has been to elicit truth, and not to
+perpetuate error.
+
+In conclusion, I beg to refer MR. G. SHADBOLT to my definition and solution
+of the stereoscopic problem--which I then said I _believed_--but which I
+now unhesitatingly _assert_ to be correct.
+
+T. L. MARRIOTT.
+
+_Ammonio-nitrate of Silver._--The inability of your correspondent
+PHILO-PHO. to form the ammonio-nitrate of silver from a solution of nitrate
+of silver, which has been used to excite albumenized paper, is in all
+probability owing to the presence of a small quantity of nitrate of
+ammonia, which has been imparted to the solution by the paper.
+
+Salts of ammonia form, with those of silver, double salts, from which the
+oxide of silver is not precipitated by the alkalies.
+
+I cannot however explain how it was that the solution had lost none of its
+silver, for the paper could not in such case have been rendered sensitive.
+
+J. LEACHMAN.
+
+20. Compton Terrace, Islington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Sir Thomas Elyot_ (Vol. viii., p. 220.).--Particulars respecting this once
+celebrated diplomatist and scholar may be collected from Bernet's _Hist.
+Reformation_, ed. 1841, i. 95.; Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, i.
+221. 263., Append. No. LXII.; Ellis's _Letters_, ii. 113.; _Archaeologia_,
+xxxiii.; Wright's _Suppression of Monasteries_, 140.; _Lelandi Encomia_,
+83.; Leland's _Collectanea_, iv. 136-148.; _Retrospective Review_, ii.
+381.; _Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary_, 82. 230.; Chamberlain's
+_Holbein Heads_; Smith's _Autographs_; Fuller's _Worthies_
+(Cambridgeshire); Wood's _Athenae Oxonienses_, i. 58.; Lysons'
+_Cambridgeshire_, 159.
+
+The grant of Carlton cum Willingham in Cambridgeshire to Sir Thomas Elliot
+and his wife is enrolled in the Exchequer (_Originalia_, 32 Hen. VIII.,
+pars 3. rot. 22. vel 221.); and amongst the Inquisitions filed in that
+Court is one taken after his death (_Cant. and Hunt._, 37 vel 38 Hen.
+VIII.).
+
+I believe it will be found on investigation, that Sir Richard Elyot (the
+father of Sir Thomas) was of Wiltshire rather than of Suffolk. See Leland's
+_Collectanea_, iv. 141. n., and an Inquisition in the Exchequer of the date
+of 6 or 7 Hen. VIII. thus described in the Calendar: "de manerio de
+Wanborough com. Wiltes proficua cujus manerii Ricardus Eliot percepit."
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Judges styled "Reverend"_ (Vol. viii., p. 158.).--As it is more than
+probable that your pages may in future be referred to as authority for any
+statement they contain, especially when the fact they announce is vouched
+by so valued a name as that of my friend YORK HERALD, I am sure that he
+will excuse me for correcting an error into which he has fallen, the more
+especially as Lord Campbell is equally mistaken (_Lord Chancellors_, i.
+539.).
+
+YORK HERALD states, that "Anthony Fitz-Herbert was appointed Chief Justice
+of the Common {277} Pleas in 1523, and died in 30 Henry VIII." Fitz-Herbert
+was never _Chief Justice_. He was made a judge of the Common Pleas in 1522;
+and so continued till his death at the time mentioned, 1538. During that
+period, the office of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was successively
+held by Sir Thomas Brudenell till 1531, by Sir Robert Norwich till 1535,
+and then by Sir John Baldwin, who was Chief Justice at the time of
+Fitz-Herbert's death.
+
+William Rastall (afterwards Judge), in the early part of his career, joined
+his father in the printing business, and there are several books with his
+imprimatur. It was during that time probably that he formed the table to
+the _Natura Brevium_ of Anthony Fitz-Herbert, mentioned in the title-page
+to YORK HERALD'S volume.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_"Hurrah" and other War-cries_ (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633.; Vol. viii., pp.
+20. 88.).--_Hurrah_ is the war-cry of many nations, both in the army and
+navy. The Dutch seem to have adopted it from the Russians, _poeta invito_,
+as we see in the following verses of Staring van den Willenborg:
+
+   "Is 't hoera? Is 't hoera?
+  Wat drommel kan 't u schelen?
+    Brul, smeek ik, geen Kozakken na!
+  Als Fredrik's batterijen spelen--
+    Als Willem's trommen slaan
+    Blijv' Neerland's oorlogskreet: 'Val aan!'
+  Waar jong en oud de vreugd der overwinning deelen,
+    Bij Quatre-Bras' trofee,
+    Blijve ons gejuich _Hoezee_!"
+
+Accept or reject this doggerel translation:
+
+ "Is it hurrah? Is it hurrah?
+  What does that concern you, pray?
+  Howl not like Cossacks of the Don!
+  But, when Frederic's batteries pour--
+  When William's drums do roar--
+  Holland's war-cry still be 'Fall on!'
+  When old and young
+  Raise the victor's song,
+  At Quatre-Bras' trophy,
+  Let _Huzzah_ our joy-cry be!"
+
+_Hoera_ (hurrah) and _hoezee_ (huzza), then, in the opinion of Staring, and
+indeed of many others, have not the same origin. Some have derived _hoezee_
+from _hausse_, a French word of applause at the hoisting (Fr. _hausser_) of
+the admiral's flag. Bilderdijk derives it from Hussein, a famous Turkish
+warrior, whose memory is still celebrated. Dr. Brill says, "_hoezee_ seems
+to be only another mode of pronouncing the German _juchhe_." Van Iperen
+thinks it taken from the Jewish shout, "Hosanna!" Siegenbeek finds "the
+origin of _hoezee_ in the shout of encouragement, 'Hou zee!' (hold sea)."
+Dr. Jager cites a Flemish author, who says "that this cry ('hou zee,' in
+French, _tiens mer_) seems especially to belong to us; since it was
+formerly the custom of our seamen always 'zee te houden' (to keep the sea),
+and never to seek shelter from storms." Dr. Jager, however, thinks it
+rather doubtful "that our _hoezee_ should come from 'hou zee,' especially
+since we find a like cry in other languages." In old French _huz_ signified
+a cry, a shout; and the verb _huzzer_, or _hucher_, to cry, to shout; and
+in Dutch _husschen_ had the same meaning.--From the _Navorscher_.
+
+_Major Andre_ (Vol. viii., p. 174).--The sisters of Major Andre lived until
+a comparatively very recent date in the Circus at Bath, and this fact may
+point SERVIENS to inquiries in that city.
+
+T. F.
+
+In reply to SERVIENS'S Query about Major Andre, I beg to inform him that
+there is a good picture of the Major by Sir Joshua Reynolds in the house of
+Mrs. Fenning, at Tonbridge Wells, who, I have no doubt, would be enabled to
+give him some particulars respecting his life.
+
+W. H. P.
+
+_Early Edition of the New Testament_ (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--The book,
+about which your correspondent A. BOARDMAN inquires, is an imperfect copy
+of Tyndale's _Version of the New Testament_: probably it is one of the
+_first edition_; if so, it was printed at Antwerp in 1526; but if it be one
+of the second edition, it was printed, I believe, at the same place in
+1534. Those excellent and indefatigable publishers, Messrs. Bagster & Sons,
+have within the last few years reprinted both these editions; and if your
+correspondent would apply to them, I have no doubt but they will be able to
+resolve him on all the points of his inquiry.
+
+F. B----W.
+
+_Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge_ (Vol. vii., p. 571. Vol. viii., pp. 37.
+83.).--As this question is still open, I forward you the translation of an
+article inserted by me in the first volume of the _Navorscher_.
+Lozenge-formed shields have not been always, nor exclusively, used by
+ladies; for, in a collection of arms from 1094 to 1649 (see _Descriptive
+Catalogue of Impressions from Scottish Seals_, by Laing, Edinburgh) are
+many examples of ladies' arms, but not one in which the shield has any
+other form than that used at the time by men. In England, however, as early
+as the fourteenth century, the lozenge was sometimes used by ladies, though
+perhaps only by widows. Nisbet (_System of Heraldry_, ii. 35.) mentions a
+lozenge-formed seal of Johanna Beaufort, Queen Dowager of Scotland,
+attached to a parchment in 1439; while her arms, at an earlier period, were
+borne on a common shield (_Gent. Mag._, April, 1851). In France the use of
+the lozenge for ladies was very general; yet in the great work of Flacchio
+(_Genealogie de la Maison de la Tour_) are found several hundred examples
+of ladies' arms on oval {278} shields; and in _Vredii Genealogia comitum
+Flandriae_ (p. 130.), on shields rounded off below. On the other hand,
+lozenges have sometimes been used by men: for instance, on a seal of
+Ferdinand, Infant of Spain, in Vredius, l. c. p. 148.; also on a dollar of
+Count Maurice of Hanau, in Kohler's _Muentzbelustig_. 14. See again the arms
+of the Count of Sickingen, in Siebmacher, Suppl. xi. 2. So much for the use
+of the lozenge. Most explanations of its origin appear equally far-fetched.
+That of Menestrier, in his _Pratique des Armoires_ (p. 14.), seems to me
+the least forced. He derives the French name _lozange_ from the Dutch
+_lofzang_:
+
+    "In Holland," he says, "the custom prevails every year, in May, to
+    affix verses and _lofzangen_ (songs of praise) in lozenge-formed
+    tablets on the doors of newly-made magistrates. Young men hung such
+    tablets on the doors of their sweethearts, or newly-married persons.
+    Also on the death of distinguished persons, lozenge-shaped pieces of
+    black cloth or velvet, with the arms, name, and date of the death of
+    the deceased, were exhibited on the front of the house. And since
+    _there is little to be said of women, except on their marriage or
+    death, for this reason has it become customary on all occasions to use
+    for them the lozenge-shaped shield_."
+
+In confirmation of this may be mentioned, that formerly _lozange_ and
+_lozanger_ were used in the French for _louange_ and _louer_; of which
+Menestrier, in the above-quoted work (p. 431.), cites several instances.
+
+Besides the conjectures mentioned by H. C. K. and BROCTUNA, may be cited
+that of Laboureur: who finds both the form and the name in the Greek word
+[Greek: oxugonios] (_ozenge_ with the article, _l'ozenge_); and of
+Scaliger, who discovers _lausangia_ in _laurangia_, _lauri folia_. See
+farther, Bernd. _Wapenwesen_, Bonn, 1841.
+
+JOHN SCOTT.
+
+Norwich.
+
+_Sir William Hankford_ (Vol. ii., p. 161. &c.).--Your learned correspondent
+MR. EDWARD FOSS proves satisfactorily that Sir W. Gascoigne was not
+retained in his office of Chief Justice by King Hen. V. But MR. FOSS seems
+to have overlooked entirely the Devonshire tradition, which represents Sir
+William _Hankford_ (Gascoigne's successor) to be the judge who committed
+Prince Henry. Risdon (_v_. Bulkworthy, _Survey of Devon_, ed. 1811, p.
+246.), after mentioning a chapel built by Sir W. Hankford, gives this
+account of the matter:
+
+    "This is that deserving judge, that did justice upon the king's son
+    (afterwards King Henry V.), who, when he was yet prince, commanded him
+    to free a servant of his, arraigned for felony at the king's bench bar;
+    whereat the judge replied, he would not. Herewith the prince, enraged,
+    essayed himself to enlarge the prisoner, but the judge forbad; insomuch
+    as the prince in fury stept up to the bench, and gave the judge a blow
+    on the face, who, nothing thereat daunted, told him boldly: 'If you
+    will not obey your sovereign's laws, who shall obey you when you shall
+    be king? Wherefore, in the king's (your father's) name, I command you
+    prisoner to the king's bench.' Whereat the prince, abashed, departed to
+    prison. When King Henry IV., his father, was advertised thereof (as
+    fast flieth fame), after he had examined the circumstances of the
+    matter, he rejoiced to have a son so obedient to his laws, and a judge
+    of such integrity to administer justice without fear or favour of the
+    person; but withal dismissed the prince from his place of president of
+    the council, which he conferred on his second son."
+
+Risdon makes no mention of Sir W. Hankford's being retained in office by
+King Henry V. But at p. 277., _v._ Monkleigh, he gives the traditional
+account of Hankford's death (anno 1422), which represents the judge, in
+doubt of his safety, and mistrusting the sequel of the matter, to have
+committed suicide by requiring his park-keeper to shoot at him when under
+the semblance of a poacher:
+
+    "Which report (Risdon adds) is so credible among the common sort of
+    people, that they can show the tree yet growing where this fact was
+    committed, known by the name of Hankford Oak."
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Mauilies, Manillas_ (Vol. vii., p. 533.).--W. H. S. will probably find
+some of the information which he asks for in _Two Essays on the Ring-Money
+of the Celtae_, which were read in the year 1837 to the members of the Royal
+Irish Academy by Sir William Betham, and in some observations on these
+essays which are to be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of that year.
+During the years 1836, 1837, and 1838, there were made at Birmingham or the
+neighbourhood, and exported from Liverpool to the river Bonney in Africa,
+large quantities of _cast-iron_ rings, in imitation of the _copper_ rings
+known as "Manillas" or "African ring-money," then made at Bristol. A vessel
+from Liverpool, carrying out a considerable quantity of these cast-iron
+rings, was wrecked on the coast of Ireland in the summer of 1836. A few of
+them having fallen into the hands of Sir William Betham, he was led to
+write the _Essays_ before mentioned. The making of these cast-iron rings
+has been discontinued since the year 1838, in consequence of the natives of
+Africa refusing to give anything in exchange for them. From inquiry which I
+made in Birmingham in the year 1839, I learnt that more than 250 tons of
+these cast-iron rings had been made in that town and neighbourhood in the
+year 1838, for the African market. The captain of a vessel trading to
+Africa informed me in the same year that the Black Despot, who then ruled
+on the banks of the river Bonney, had threatened to mutilate, in a way
+which I will not describe, any one who should be detected in landing these
+counterfeit rings within his territories.
+
+N. W. S.
+
+{279}
+
+_The Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits_ (Vol. vii., p. 589.; Vol. viii., p.
+82.).--Your correspondent A. W. S. having called attention to the use of
+the hour-glass in pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.), I beg to mention two
+instances in which I have seen the stands which formerly held them. The
+first is at Pilton Church, near Barnstaple, Devon, where it still (at least
+very lately it did) remain fixed to the pulpit; the other instance is at
+Tawstock Church (called, from its numerous and splendid monuments, the
+Westminster Abbey of North Devon), but here it has been displaced, and I
+saw it lying among fragments of old armour, banners, &c., in a room above
+the vestry. They were similar in form, each representing a man's arm, cut
+out of sheet iron and gilded, the hand holding the stand; turning on a
+hinge at the shoulder it lay flat on the panels of the pulpit when not in
+use. When extended it would project about a yard.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+George Poulson, Esq., in his _History and Antiquities of the Seignory of
+Holderness_ (vol. ii. p. 419.), describing Keyingham Church, says that--
+
+    "The pulpit is placed on the south-east corner; beside it is an iron
+    frame-work, used to contain an hour-glass."
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+_Derivation of the Word "Island"_ (Vol. viii., p. 209.).--Your
+correspondent C. gives me credit for a far greater amount of humour than I
+can honestly lay claim to. He appears (he must excuse me for saying so) to
+have scarcely read through my observations on the derivation of the word
+_island_, which he criticises so unmercifully; and to have understood very
+imperfectly what he has read. For instance, he says that my "derivation of
+_island_ from _eye_, the visual orb, because each are (_sic_) surrounded by
+water, seems like banter," &c. Had I insisted on any such analogy, I should
+indeed have laid myself open to the charge; but _I did nothing of the
+kind_, as he will find to be the case, if he will take the trouble of
+perusing what I wrote. My remarks went to show, that, in the A.-S.
+compounded terms, _Ealond_, _Igland_, &c., from which our word _island_
+comes, the component _ea_, _ig_, &c., does not mean _water_, as has
+hitherto been supposed to be the case, but an _eye_; and that on this
+supposition alone can the simple _ig_, used to express an _island_, be
+explained. Will C. endeavour to explain it in any other way?
+
+Throughout my remarks, the word _isle_ is not mentioned. And why? Simply
+because it has no immediate etymological connexion with the word _island_,
+being merely the French word naturalised. The word _isle_ is a simple, the
+word _island_ a compound term. It is surely a fruitless task (as it
+certainly is unnecessary for any one, with the latter word ready formed to
+his hand in the Saxon branch of the Teutonic, and, from its very form,
+clearly of that family), to go out of his way to torture the Latin into
+yielding something utterly foreign to it. My belief is, that the
+resemblance between these two words is an accidental one; or, more
+properly, that it is a question whether the introduction of an _s_ into the
+word _island_ did not originate in the desire to assimilate the Saxon and
+French terms.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+_A Cob-wall_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--A "cob" is not an unusual word in the
+midland counties, meaning a lump or small hard mass of anything: it also
+means a blow; and a good "cobbing" is no unfamiliar expression to the
+generality of schoolboys. A "cob-wall," I imagine, is so called from its
+having been made of heavy lumps of clay, beaten one upon another into the
+form of a wall. I would ask, if "gob," used also in Devonshire for the
+stone of any fruit which contains a kernel, is not a cognate word?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor Mohun.
+
+_Oliver Cromwell's Portrait_ (Vol. vi. _passim_).--In reference to this
+Query, the best portrait of Oliver Cromwell is in the Baptist College here,
+and 500 guineas have been refused for it.
+
+I am not aware if it is the one alluded to by your correspondents. The
+picture is small, and depicts the Protector _without_ armour: it is by
+Cooper, and was left to its present possessors by the Rev. Andrew Gifford,
+a Baptist minister, in 1784.
+
+Two copies have been made of it, but the original has never been engraved;
+from one of the copies, however, an engraving is in process of execution,
+after the picture by Mr. Newenham, of "Cromwell dictating to Milton his
+letter to the Duke of Savoy." The likeness of Cromwell in this picture is
+taken from one of the copies.
+
+The original is not allowed to be taken from off the premises on any
+consideration, in consequence of a dishonest attempt having been made, some
+time ago, to substitute a copy for it.
+
+BRISTOLIENSIS.
+
+_Manners of the Irish_ (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 111.)--A slight knowledge of
+Gaelic enables me to supply the meaning of some of the words that have
+puzzled your Irish correspondents. _Molchan_ (Gaelic, _Mulachan_) means
+"cheese."
+
+ "Deo gracias, is smar in Doieagh."
+
+I take to mean "Thanks to God, God is good." In Gaelic the spelling would
+be--"is math in Dia." A Roman Catholic Celt would often hear his priest say
+"Deo Gratias."
+
+The meaning of the passage seems to be pretty clear, and may be rendered
+thus:--The Irish farmer, although in the abundant enjoyment of {280} bread,
+butter, cheese, flesh, and broth, is not only not ashamed to complain of
+poverty as an excuse for non-payment of his rent, but has the effrontery to
+thank God, as if he were enjoying only those blessings of Providence to
+which he is justly entitled.
+
+W. C.
+
+Argyleshire.
+
+_Chronograms and Anagrams_ (Vol. viii., p. 42.).--Perhaps the most
+extraordinary instance to be found in reference to chronograms is the
+following:
+
+    "Chronographica Gratulatio in Felicissimum adventum Serenissimi
+    Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hispaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jesu.
+    Bruxellae publico Belgarum Gaudio exhibita."
+
+This title is followed by a dedication to S. Michael and an address to
+Ferdinand; after which come one hundred hexameters, _every one of which is
+a chronogram_, and each chronogram gives the same result, viz. 1634. The
+first three verses are,--
+
+ "AngeLe CaeLIVogI MIChaeL LUX UnICa CaetUs.
+  Pro nUtU sUCCInCta tUo CUI CUnCta MInIstrant.
+  SIDera qUIqUe poLo gaUDentIa sIDera VoLVUnt."
+
+The last two are,--
+
+ "Vota Cano: haeC LeVIbus qUamVIs nUnC InCLyte prInCeps.
+  VersICULIs InCLUsa, fLUent in saeCULa CentUm."
+
+All the numeral letters are printed in capitals, and the whole is to be
+found in the _Parnassus Poeticus Societatis Jesu_ (Francofurti, 1654), at
+pp. 445-448. of part i. In the same volume there is another example of the
+chronogram, at p. 261., in the "Septem Mariae Mysteria" of Antonius Chanut.
+It occurs at the close of an inscription:
+
+ "StatUaM hanC--eX Voto ponIt
+  FernanDUs TertIUs AUgUstUs."
+
+The date is 1647.
+
+    "Henriot, an ingenious anagrammatist, discovered the following anagram
+    for the occasion of the 15th:
+
+     'Napoleon Bonaparte sera-t-il consul a vie,
+      La [le] peuple bon reconnoissant votera Oui.'
+
+    There is only a trifling change of _a_ to e."--_Gent. Mag._, Aug. 1802,
+    p. 771.
+
+The following is singular:
+
+ "Quid est veritas? = Vir qui adest."
+
+I add another chronogram "by Godard, upon the birth of Louis XIV. in 1638,
+on a day when the eagle was in conjunction with the lion's heart:"
+
+ "EXorIens DeLphIn AqUILa CorDIsqUe LeonIs
+  CongressU GaLLos spe LaetItIaqUe refeCIt."
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_"Haul over the Coals"_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--This appears to mean just
+the same as "roasting"--to inflict upon any one a castigation _per verbum_
+and in good humour.
+
+_To cover over the coals_ is the same as to cower over the coals, as a
+gipsy over a fire. Thus Hodge says of Gammer Gurton and Tib, her maid:
+
+                     "'Tis their daily looke,
+  They cover so over the coles their eies be bleared with smooke."
+
+_To carry coals to Newcastle_ is well understood to be like giving alms to
+the wealthy; but viewed in union with the others would show what a
+prominent place coals seem to have in the popular mind.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_Sheer Hulk_ (Vol. viii., p. 126.).--This phrase is certainly correct.
+_Sheer_ = mere, a hulk, and nothing else. Thus we say _sheer_ nonsense,
+_sheer_ starvation, &c.; and the song says:
+
+ "Here a _sheer hulk_ lies poor Tom Bowling,
+      The darling of our crew," &c.
+
+The etymology of _sheer_ is plainly from _shear_.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_The Magnet_ (Vol. vi. _passim_).--This was used by Claudian apparently as
+symbolical of Venus or love:
+
+ "Mavors, sanguinea qui cuspide verberat urbes,
+  Et Venus, humanas quae laxat in otia curas,
+  Aurati delubra tenent communia templi,
+  Effigies non una Deis. Sed ferrea Martis
+  Forma nitet, Venerem _magnetica gemma figurat_."--Claud. _De Magnete._
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_Fierce_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--OXONIENSIS mentions a peculiar use of the
+word "fierce." An inhabitant of Staffordshire would have answered him: "I
+feel quite _fierce_ this morning."
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages_ (Vol. viii., p.
+174.).--Your correspondent M. will find some curious and interesting
+articles on this subject in vol. ii. of _The Scottish Journal_, Edinburgh,
+1848, p. 129. _et infra_.
+
+DUNCAN MACTAVISH.
+
+Lochbrovin.
+
+_Acharis_ (Vol. viii., p. 198.).--A mistake, probably, for _achatis_, a
+Latinised form of _achat_, a bargain, purchase, or act of purchasing. The
+passage in Dugdale seems to mean that "Ralph Wickliff, Esq., holds
+two-thirds of the tithes of certain domains sometime purchased by him,
+{281} formerly at a rental of 5s., now at nothing, because, as he says,
+they are included in his park."
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+_Henry, Earl of Wotton_ (Vol. viii., p. 173.).--Philip, first Earl of
+Chesterfield, had a son Henry, Lord Stanhope, K.B., who married Catherine,
+the eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord Wotton, and had issue one
+son Philip, and two daughters, Mary and Catherine. Lord Stanhope died s. p.
+Nov. 29, 1634. His widow was governess to the Princess of Orange, daughter
+of Charles I., and attending her into Holland, sent over money, arms, and
+ammunition to that king when he was distressed by his rebellious subjects.
+For such services, and by reason of her long attendance on the princess,
+she was, on the restoration of Charles II. (in regard that Lord Stanhope,
+her husband, did not live to enjoy his father's honours), by letters patent
+bearing date May 29, 12 Charles II., advanced to the dignity of Countess of
+Chesterfield for life, as also that her daughters should enjoy precedency
+as earl's daughters.
+
+She took to her second husband John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of Kirkhoven
+and Henfleet, by whom she had a son, _Charles Henry_ Kirkhoven, the subject
+of the Query.
+
+This gentleman, chiefly on account of his mother's descent, was created a
+baron of this realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton in Kent, by
+letters patent bearing date at St. Johnstone's (Perth) in Scotland, August
+31, 1650, and in September, 1660, was naturalised by authority of
+parliament, together with his sisters. He was likewise in 1677 created Earl
+of _Bellomont_ in Ireland, and, dying without issue, left his estates to
+his nephew Charles Stanhope, the younger son of his half-brother the Earl
+of Chesterfield, who took the surname of Wotton.
+
+This information is principally from Collins, who quotes "Ec. Stem. per
+Vincent." I have consulted also Bank's _Dormant Baronage_, Burke's _Works_,
+and Sharpe's _Peerage_.
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--An account of "the left-handed wife
+of George III." appeared in Sir Richard Phillips' _Monthly Magazine_ for
+1821 or 1822, under the title of (I think) "Hannah Lightfoot, the fair
+Quaker."
+
+ALEXANDER ANDREWS.
+
+_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. viii., p. 59.).--Previous correspondents appear to
+have established the fact that green was the orthodox colour of a lawyer's
+bag up to a recent date. May not the change of colour have been suggested
+by the sarcasms and jeers about "green bags," which were very current
+during the proceedings on the Bill of Pains and Penalties, commonly known
+as the _Trial_ of Queen Caroline, some thirty years ago? The reports of the
+evidence collected by the commission on the Continent, was laid on the
+table in a _sealed green bag_, and the very name became for a time the
+signal for such an outcry, that the lawyers may have deemed it prudent to
+strike their colours, and have recourse to some other less obnoxious to
+remark.
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_"When Orpheus went down"_ (Vol. viii., p. 196.).--In reply to the Query of
+G. M. B. respecting "When Orpheus went down," I beg to say that the author
+was the Rev. Dr. Lisle (most probably the Bishop of St. Asaph). The song
+may be found among Ritson's _English Songs_. When it was first published I
+have not been able to ascertain, but it must have been in the early part of
+the last century, as the air composed for it by Dr. Boyce, most likely for
+Vauxhall, was afterwards used in the pasticcio opera of _Love in a
+Village_, which was brought out in 1763.
+
+C. OLDENSHAW.
+
+Leicester.
+
+_Muffs worn by Gentlemen_ (Vol. vi. _passim_; Vol. vii., p. 320.).--In
+Lamber's _Travels in Canada and the United States_ (1815), vol. i. p. 307.,
+is the following passage:
+
+    "I should not be surprised if those _delicate young soldiers_ were to
+    introduce muffs: they were in general use among the men under the
+    French government, and are still worn by two or three old gentlemen."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Wardhouse, and Fisherman's Custom there_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--Wardhouse
+or Wardhuuse, is a port in Finland, and the custom was for the English to
+purchase herrings there, as they were not permitted to fish on that coast.
+In _Trade's Increase_, a commercial tract, written in the earlier part of
+the seventeenth century, the author, when speaking of restraints on fishing
+on the coasts of other nations, says:
+
+    "Certain merchants of Hull had their ships taken away and themselves
+    imprisoned, for fishing about the Wardhouse at the North Cape."
+
+W. PINKERTON.
+
+Ham.
+
+_"In necessariis unitas," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 197.).--The sentence, "In
+necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas," may be seen
+sculptured in stone over the head of a doorway leading into the garden of a
+house which was formerly the residence of Archdeacon Coxe, and subsequently
+of Canon Lisle Bowles, in the Close at Salisbury. It is quoted from
+Melancthon. The inscription was placed there by the poet, and is no less
+the record of a noble, true, and generous sentiment, than of the
+discriminating taste and feeling of him by whom it was thus appreciated and
+honoured. {282} Would that it might become the motto of _all_ our cathedral
+precincts!
+
+W. S.
+
+Northiam.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+_The Botany of the Eastern Borders, with the Popular Names and Uses of the
+Plants, and of the Customs and Beliefs which have been associated with
+them_, by George Johnson, M.D. This, the first volume of _The Natural
+History of the Eastern Borders_, is a book calculated to please a very
+large body of readers. The botanist will like it for the able manner in
+which the various plants indigenous to the district are described. The
+lover of Old World associations will be delighted with the industry with
+which Dr. Johnson has collected, and the care with which he has recorded
+their popular names, and preserved the various bits of folk lore associated
+with those popular names, or their supposed medicinal virtues. The
+antiquary will be gratified by the bits of archaeological gossip, and the
+biographical sketches so pleasantly introduced; and the general reader with
+the kindly spirit with which Dr. Johnson will enlist him in his company--
+
+ "    .    .    .   Unconstrain'd to rove along
+  The bushy brakes and glens among."
+
+Marry, it were a pleasant thing to join the _Berwickshire Natural History
+Club_ in one of their rambles through the Eastern Borders.
+
+Mr. Bohn has just added to his _Antiquarian Library_ a volume which will be
+received with great satisfaction by all who take an interest in the
+antiquity of Egypt. It is a translation by the Misses Horner of Dr.
+Lepsius' _Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of Sinai, with
+Extracts from his Chronology of the Egyptians, with reference to the Exodus
+of the Israelites, revised by the Author_. Dr. Lepsius, it may be
+mentioned, was at the head of the scientific expedition appointed by the
+King of Prussia to investigate the remains of ancient Egyptian and
+Ethiopian civilisation, still in preservation in the Nile valley and the
+adjacent countries; and in this cheap volume we have that accomplished
+traveller's own account of what that expedition was able to accomplish.
+
+We are at length enabled to answer the Query which was addressed to us some
+time since on the subject of the continuation of Mr. MacCabe's _Catholic
+History of England_. The third volume is now at press, and will be issued
+in the course of the next publishing season.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_A Letter to a Convocation-Man concerning the Rights,
+Powers, and Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with
+an Introduction and Notes_, by the Rev. W. Fraser, B.C.L. This reprint of a
+very rare tract will no doubt be prized by the numerous advocates for the
+re-assembling of Convocation, who must feel indebted to Mr. Fraser for the
+care and learning with which he has executed his editorial task.--_A
+Collection of Curious, Interesting, and Facetious Epitaphs, Monumental
+Inscriptions, &c._, by Joseph Simpson. We think the editor would have some
+difficulty in authenticating many of the epitaphs in his collection, which
+seems to have been formed upon no settled principle.--_The Physiology of
+Temperance and Total Abstinence, being an Examination of the Effects of the
+Excessive, Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the Healthy
+Human System_, by Dr. Carpenter: a shilling pamphlet, temperately written
+and closely argued, and well deserving the attention of all, even of the
+most temperate.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+THE MONTHLY ARMY LIST from 1797 to 1800 inclusive. Published by Hookham and
+Carpenter, Bond Street. Square 12mo.
+
+JER. COLLIER'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Folio Edition. Vol. II.
+
+LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR.
+
+LOWNDES' BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL. Pickering.
+
+PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
+
+PRESCOTT'S HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 8 Vols. London. Vol. III.
+
+MRS. ELLIS'S SOCIAL DISTINCTION. Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. and III. 8vo.
+
+HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF NEWBURY. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies.
+
+VANCOUVER'S SURVEY OF HAMPSHIRE.
+
+HEMINGWAY'S HISTORY OF CHESTER. Large Paper. Parts I. and III.
+
+CORRESPONDENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE SOCIETY. 8vo.
+London, 1813.
+
+ATHENAEUM JOURNAL FOR 1844.
+
+PAMPHLETS.
+
+JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789.
+
+REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807.
+
+ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809.
+
+THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821.
+
+THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822.
+
+WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837.
+
+SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+REPLIES. _We have again to beg those Correspondents who favour us with_
+REPLIES _to complete them by giving the Volume and Page of the original_
+QUERIES. _This would give little trouble to each Correspondent, while its
+omission entails considerable labour upon us._
+
+W. C. "When Greeks join'd Greeks" _is from Lee's Alexander the Great_.
+
+A CONSTANT READER. _The contractions referred to stand for_ Pence _and_
+Farthings.
+
+C. W. (Bradford). _We can promise that if the book in question is obtained,
+our Correspondent shall have the reading of it._
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. _We hope next week to lay before our readers_
+DR. DIAMOND'_s process for printing on albumenized paper. We shall also
+reply to several Photographic querists._
+
+_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price
+Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is
+desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{283}
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
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+
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+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
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+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+    "Bonn, July 19. 1852.
+
+    "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,
+    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of
+    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys
+    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp
+    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every
+other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of
+Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability,
+and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J.B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
+this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with
+perfect Security.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+  PETER MORRISON,
+  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{284}
+
+JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,
+
+Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,
+
+FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,
+
+NO. III.
+
+Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some of
+Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds and
+other Relics; Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics
+vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious Old Song,
+by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and Merry Wives
+of Windsor; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fair; Dr. William Kenrick's Lectures
+on Shakspeare, &c. &c.
+
+No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, or sent
+Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+No. II., PRICE FOURPENCE, or Six Postage Stamps; or Nos. I. II. and III.
+sent Free on receipt of Eighteen Stamps.
+
+Address, JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS.
+
+A NEW AND CHEAPER ISSUE.
+
+HANDBOOK--TRAVEL TALK. 3s. 6d.
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+
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+
+HANDBOOK--SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, ETC. 16s.
+
+HANDBOOK--NORTH ITALY AND FLORENCE. 9s.
+
+HANDBOOK--CENTRAL ITALY, TUSCANY, AND THE PAPAL STATES. 7s.
+
+HANDBOOK--CENTRAL ITALY AND ROME. (Just Ready.)
+
+HANDBOOK--SOUTH ITALY AND NAPLES. 15s.
+
+HANDBOOK--EGYPT AND THEBES. 15s.
+
+HANDBOOK--DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. 12s.
+
+HANDBOOK--RUSSIA AND FINLAND. 12s.
+
+HANDBOOK--GREECE AND IONIAN ISLANDS. (Nearly Ready.)
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, cloth, 480 pages, 8vo., price 3s. 6d., the new volume of THE
+BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST: containing able Debates on many of the most
+important questions of the day, and a section which might be denominated
+"NOTES AND QUERIES FOR THE PEOPLE."
+
+    "Contains a large amount of sound and very useful
+    information."--_Eclectic Review._
+
+    "It is full of intelligence and instruction."--_Papers for the
+    Schoolmaster._
+
+London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN, Paternoster Row, and all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just out, price 2s.
+
+A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights, Powers, and
+Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an
+Introduction and Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate of
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+    "No reader on the subject of Convocation can any longer allow his
+    library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely
+    scarce pamphlet."--_Western Courier._
+
+Also, price 1s.,
+
+THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. BY
+THE REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+    "This pamphlet has met with approval from several quarters; we must
+    take it then as representing the opinions of a considerable number of
+    convocation students."--_Synodalia._
+
+London: J. MASTERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of a General Collection of Ancient and Modern Gems,
+Cameos, as well as Intaglios. By JAMES TASSIE, Modeller. Arranged and
+described by R.E. RASPE, and illustrated with Copper-plates. 2 vols. 4to.,
+London, 1791, boards, in first-rate condition, scarce, 1l. 11s. 6d.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 26s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and
+the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.
+
+  Volume Three, 1272-1377,
+  Volume Four, 1377-1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s. cloth,
+
+  Volume One, 1066-1199,
+  Volume Two, 1190-1272.
+
+    "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
+    take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent.
+    Mag._
+
+London: LONGMAN & CO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.
+
+Just ready, with Woodcuts, fcap. 8vo., 1s.
+
+THE GUILLOTINE. An Historical Essay. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON CROKER.
+Reprinted from "The Quarterly Review."
+
+The former Volumes of this Series are--
+
+LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.
+
+HOLLWAY'S MONTH IN NORWAY.
+
+LORD CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF LORD BACON.
+
+WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.
+
+DEAN MILMAN'S FALL OF JERUSALEM.
+
+LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.
+
+LORD MAHON'S STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.
+
+HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.
+
+WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.
+
+MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.
+
+LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.
+
+BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.
+
+LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE."
+
+ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."
+
+GIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.
+
+THE ART OF DINING.
+
+OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.
+
+THE CHACE, THE TURF, AND THE ROAD. By NIMROD.
+
+JAMES' FABLES OF AESOP.
+
+  To be followed by
+
+BEAUTIES OF BYRON: PROSE AND VERSE.
+
+A SECOND SERIES OF ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."
+
+The ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G. WILKINSON.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September
+17, 1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 279, "Molchan ... means cheese": 'chuse' in original, corrected by a
+correspondent in Issue 206. p. 351.
+
+page 280, "cower over the coals": 'lower' in original, corrected by errata
+in Issue 208.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 203,
+September 17, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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