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+Project Gutenberg's A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Short System of English Grammar
+       For the Use of the Boarding School in Worcester (1759)
+
+Author: Henry Bate
+
+Release Date: October 22, 2008 [EBook #26991]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SYSTEM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Lindy Walsh and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+Short _System_
+
+OF
+
+English GRAMMAR.
+
+
+For the use of the
+
+BOARDING SCHOOL
+
+In WORCESTER.
+
+
+
+_By_ HENRY BATE _A. B._
+
+
+
+_Worcester:_ Printed by R. LEWIS,
+Bookseller, in _High-Street_.
+
+
+
+
+THE PREFACE.
+
+
+_Usage and Custom are the Rules and Measures of every_ Language, _and
+the Rules of_ GRAMMAR _have nothing more to do, than to teach it. The_
+GRAMMAR _is to be fashioned from the particular_ Language, _it treats
+of, and not the Language from the_ GRAMMAR. _For want of following this
+regular Plan, our Modern_ GRAMMARIANS_ have introduced the_ GRAMMAR
+Rules _of other_ Languages _into their own; as if all_ Language _was
+founded on_ GRAMMAR, _and the Rules in one_ Language _would serve the
+same End and Purpose in another._
+
+The Latin, _for Instance, has only_ eight Parts of Speech, _and the
+Writers of_ English GRAMMAR _have unthinkingly adopted the same Number;
+whereas with the Article, which the_ Latin _has not, and which is of
+great Service in a_ Language, _we have no less than nine. The_ Latin
+_admits of_ Cases; _but as different_ Cases, _properly speaking, are
+nothing more than the different Inflections and Terminations of Nouns_,
+English Nouns _have no_ Cases. _It is not agreeable to the Principles
+of_ GRAMMAR _to say that_--of a Rose--_is the Genitive Case of_--Rose,
+_or_--to a Rose, _the Dative; for_ of _and_ to _are no Part of the
+Word_ Rose, _but only_ prefix Particles _or_ Prepositions, _which shew
+the different Relation of the Word_ Rose. _So likewise when we say_
+Alexander's Horse, _the Word_ Alexander's _is not the Genitive Case of_
+Alexander; _for strictly speaking the_ 's _is no Part of the Word_
+Alexander _but the final Letter of the Pronoun Possessive_ his, _and
+without the_ Apostrophe _we shou'd read it thus;_ Alexander his Horse.
+_If any of the_ Parts of Speech _have_ Cases, _the_ Pronouns _have, and
+some of the_ Pronouns _may perhaps have_ two; _but for the Sake of
+making every Thing as easy as I can to the Learner, I have taken the
+Liberty of distinguishing such_ Pronouns _into_ Prefix _and_
+Subsequent, _and entirely laid aside_ Cases _as useless and
+unnecessary. The_ Latin _has_ Genders, _the_ Adjective _in that
+Language always varying to correspond with the_ Substantive; _but
+our_Adjectives _never vary, and therefore the Distinction of_ Genders
+_has nothing to do with_ English GRAMMAR, _but is idle, trifling,
+impertinent._
+
+EXPERIENCE _shews, that this Sort of pedantick Ignorance and Folly, has
+made that dark and obscure, which it was intended to elucidate, and
+unhappily puzzled and perplexed a great many more, than it has ever
+instructed. Every attempt to make_ English easy _must be fruitless,
+that is not formed upon a different Plan, and such is the following_
+short System of English GRAMMAR.
+
+
+
+
+A
+Short _System_
+OF
+English GRAMMAR.
+
+
+
+
+_Of_ GRAMMAR _and it's_ DIVISIONS.
+
+
+Grammar is the Science of Letters or Language, and is the Art of
+Speaking and Writing properly.
+
+It's Divisions are four;
+
+ORTHOGRAPHY        ANALOGY
+PROSODY            SYNTAX
+
+
+_Of_ ORTHOGRAPHY.
+
+Orthography comprehends _Writing_, and _Articulation_. _Articulation_
+treats of Simple Sounds, which are made by the Organs of Speech, and by
+which we communicate our Ideas and Sentiments to one another. _Writing_
+represents the Living Speech, and makes as it were these Sounds and
+Sentiments visible.
+
+
+_Of_ PROSODY.
+
+Prosody treats of Pronunciation with respect of _Accent_, _Time_, and
+_Quantity_. But as the Science of Letters, Sounds, and Pronunciation is
+instilled into the Minds of the English Youth very early in Life, and
+as this GRAMMAR is not intended for the Use of _Foreigners_, but for
+them; I shall not trifle away their Time, in teaching them, what they
+cannot be supposed to be unacquainted with; but proceed to the third
+Part of GRAMMAR called _Analogy_.
+
+
+_Of_ ANALOGY.
+
+Analogy is the mutual Relation, or Agreement of Words with one another,
+and treats of all the _Parts of Speech_, which in English are _nine_.
+
+_Article_    _Verb_          _Conjunction_
+_Noun_       _Participle_    _Preposition_
+_Pronoun_    _Adverb_        _Interjection_
+
+
+_Of An_ ARTICLE.
+
+An Article is a _Part of Speech_ put before _Nouns_ to ascertain and
+fix their Vague Signification. There are three Articles, _a_, _an_, and
+_the_. _A_ and _an_ are Indefinite Articles and applied to Persons or
+Things indifferently; as _an Oyster_, _a Prince_. The Article _the_
+distinguishes individually or particularly; as _the Oyster_, _the
+Prince_.
+
+
+_Of a_ NOUN.
+
+A Noun is a _Part of Speech_ which expresses the Subject spoke of; as
+_Ink_, _Paper_, _Witness._
+
+A Noun is either _Substantive_, or _Adjective_.
+
+A Noun _Substantive_ is the Name of a Thing considered simply in
+itself, and without any Regard to it's Qualities; as _a Man_, _a
+Woman_, _a Child_.
+
+
+A Noun _Adjective_ is a Word added to the _Noun Substantive_,
+expressing the Circumstance or Quality thereof; as _a good Man_, _an
+old Woman_, _a young Child_.
+
+
+_Of a_ PRONOUN.
+
+A Pronoun is a _Part of Speech_ substituted in the Place of a _Noun_,
+to avoid the frequent and disagreeable Repetition of the same Word; as
+_the Bird_ is joyous, _he_ chirps, _he_ sings; which without the
+_Pronoun_ wou'd be thus; _the Bird_ is joyous, _the Bird_ chirps, _the
+Bird _ sings.
+
+PRONOUNS PERSONAL.
+
+_I_       _He_            _Myself_      _I myself_
+_Me_      _Him_           _Yourself_    _You yourself_
+_You_     _She_           _Thyself_     _Thou thyself_
+_Thou_    _Her_           _Himself_     _He himself_
+_Thee_    _One's self_    _Herself_     _She herself_
+
+PRONOUNS RELATIVE.
+
+_Who_, _whose_, _whom_, _what_, _which._
+
+PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVE.
+
+_This_, _that._
+
+PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE.
+
+_My_      _Ours_     _Your_     _Theirs_
+_Mine_    _Thy_      _Yours_    _Her_
+_Our_     _Thine_    _His_      _Hers_
+
+
+_Of_ NUMBER.
+
+Number expresses the Difference betwixt one Thing and many, and is
+either _Singular_ or _Plural_.
+
+When a Thing is considered as single, or a Multitude of Things
+considered as united together, it is of the _Singular Number_; as _a
+Man_, _a Troop_.
+
+When several Things are considered as distinct from each other it is of
+the _Plural Number_, as _Men_, _Soldiers_.
+
+The _Plural_ is usually formed in _Noun Substantives_ by adding _s_ to
+the _Singular_; as _Article Articles_, _Noun Nouns_.
+
+But when the Pronunciation requires it, or when the _Singular_ ends in
+_s_, _x_, _sh_, or _ch_, the _Plural_ is usually formed by adding the
+Syllable _es_; as _Ass Asses_, _Fox Foxes_, _Sash Sashes_, _Church
+Churches_.
+
+When the _Singular_ ends in _f_ or _fe_, the _Plural_ is usually form'd
+by changing the _f_ or _fe_ into _ves_; as _Wife Wives_, _Self Selves_.
+
+Sometimes the _Plural_ is formed by adding the Syllable _en_; as _Ox
+Oxen_; sometimes by changing the _Vowel_; as _Man Men_; and sometimes
+the _Vowels and Consonants_; as _Penny Pence_, _Mouse Mice_, _Louse
+Lice_.
+
+Some of the _Pronouns_ form their _Plural_ very irregular; as _I We_,
+_Me Us_, _Thou Ye_, _Thee You_, _He They_, _Him Them_, _She They_, _Her
+Them_.
+
+Some _Nouns_ have no _Singular Number_; as _Scissors_, the
+_East-Indies_, the _West-Indies_.
+
+Some have no _Plural_; the Names of Kingdoms for Instance; as
+_England_, _Ireland_, _Portugal_.
+
+Cities, Towns and Villages; as _Worcester_, _Kinver_, _Hagley_.
+
+Seas, and Rivers; as the _Mediterranean_, _Severn_.
+
+_Wheat_, _Barley_, _Gold_, _Silver_, _Pewter_, and a great many Words,
+that cannot be reduced to any Rule want the _Plural Number_; as _Ale_,
+_Beer_, _Bread_, _Butter_, _Honey_, _Milk_, _Hunger_, _Thirst_,
+_Drunkenness_.
+
+The Termination of some _Nouns_ is the same both in the _Singular_ and
+_Plural_; as _a Sheep_, _a Swine_, a Flock of _Sheep_, a Herd of
+_Swine_, &c.
+
+
+_Of_ COMPARISON.
+
+Comparison is the comparing the different Circumstances of Persons or
+Things with each other, and serves to alter the Signification of a
+Word, either by a gradual Increase, or a gradual Diminution; as _long
+longer longest_, _short shorter shortest_.
+
+ADJECTIVES, _Adverbs_, and _Substantives_, have three Degrees of
+Comparison, the _Positive_, the _Comparative_, and the _Superlative_.
+
+The _Positive_ lays down the Natural Signification simply and without
+excess or Diminution; as _long_, _short_, _often_.
+
+The _Comparative_ raises or lowers the _Positive_ in Signification, and
+is formed of the _Positive_ by adding the Syllable _er_; as _long
+longer_, _short shorter_, _often oftener_.
+
+The _Superlative_ raises or lowers the Signification as much as
+possible, and if formed of the _Positive_ by adding the Syllable _est_;
+as _long longest_, _short shortest_, _often oftenest_.
+
+Sometimes they are compared by the _Adverbs_ _very, infinitely_; and
+the _Adjectives_ _more, most_; _less, least_; as _long, very long,
+infinitely long_; _short, more short, most short_; _commonly, less
+commonly, least commonly_.
+
+These _Adjectives_ deviate from the general Rule, _good better best_,
+_bad worse worst_, _little less least_, _much more most_.
+
+SUBSTANTIVES are compared by the _Adjectives_ _more, most_, the Words
+_than_, or _that_, always following; as a Dunce, _more_ a Dunce _than_
+I or me, the _most_ a Dunce _that_ ever I did see.
+
+
+_Of a_ VERB.
+
+A Verb is a _Part of Speech_, which serves to express, what we affirm
+of, or attribute to any Subject, and is either _Active_ or _Passive_.
+
+A Verb _Active_ is that which expresses an _Action_; as _I kick_, _I
+see_.
+
+A Verb _Passive_ is that which receives the _Action_ or expresses the
+_Passion_; as _I am kick'd_, _I am seen_.
+
+A Verb has two _Numbers_ the _Singular_ and the _Plural_; and three
+_Persons_ in each _Number_; as _I am, thou art, he is_. _We are, ye
+are, they are._
+
+The same is to be observed in every _Mood_ and in every _Tense_ but in
+the _Infinitive_, which has neither _Number_ nor Person.
+
+
+_Of_ MOODS.
+
+A mood is the Manner of _conjugating Verbs_ agreeably to the different
+Actions or Affections to be expressed.
+
+There are _four Moods_, the _Indicative_, the _Imperative_, the
+_Conjunctive_, and the _Infinitive._
+
+The _Indicative Mood_ expresseth the _Action_ or _Passion_ simply
+directly and absolutely; as _I love, I have loved, I will love_.
+
+The _Imperative_ commands or forbids; as _come_, _go_, _begone_.
+
+The _Conjunctive_ expresses the _Action_ or _Passion_ conditionally and
+is always joined with the _Indicative_, or the same _Mood_; as _I will
+love you, if you wou'd love me_; _I wou'd dance, if you wou'd dance_.
+
+The _Infinitive_ expresses the _Action_ or _Passion_ indeterminately
+without any Regard to _Time_, _Place_, _Number_, or _Person_; as _to
+love, to be loved_.
+
+
+_Of the_ TENSES.
+
+Tense is an Inflection of Verbs, whereby they are made to signify, and
+distinguish the Circumstance of _Time_.
+
+There are _five Tenses_, _the Present Tense_, _the Preterimperfect_,
+_the Preterperfect_, _the Preterpluperfect_, and _the Future_.
+
+1. The _Present Tense_ expresses the Time, that now is; as _I sup_.
+
+2. The _Preterimperfect Tense_ denotes the historical Relation of a
+past Action, but yet not perfectly compleated, when joined to another
+Action that is perfectly compleated; as _when or while I supped he came
+in_.
+
+3. The _Preterperfect Tense_ expresses the Time Past perfectly; as _I
+have supped_.
+
+4. The _Preterpluperfect Tense_ expresses the Time Past doubly; as _I
+had supped_.
+
+5. The _Future Tense_ expresses the Time to come; as _I shall sup, I
+will sup_.
+
+
+_Of the_ CONJUGATION.
+
+Conjugation is the Variation of Verbs through all their _Moods and
+Tenses_; and the English Verbs are chiefly conjugated by _auxiliary
+Signs_; as _to love_; or by _auxiliary Verbs_; as _I am loved, I have
+loved_.
+
+
+_Of the_ AUXILIARY SIGNS.
+
+The _auxiliary Signs_ are Words that serve to express the Variations of
+the _Verb_.
+
+The _Imperative Mood_ has the _Signs_ _do, let_; as--_do thou love, let
+him love_.
+
+The _Infinitive Mood_ has the _Signs_ _to, about_; as _to love, about
+to love_.
+
+The other _Moods_ have the _auxiliary Signs_ following.
+
+_Singular_
+
+1st _Person_ { I do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall, _or_ will.
+
+2d _Person_  { Thou do'st, did'st, must,
+             { may'st, can'st, might'st,
+             { wou'd'st, cou'd'st, shou'd'st,
+             { shalt _or_ wilt.
+
+3d _Person_  { He does, or do'th, did, must,
+             { may, can, might, wou'd,
+             { cou'd, shou'd, shall, _or_
+             { will.
+
+_Plural_
+
+1st _Person_ { We do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall, _or_ will.
+
+2d _Person_  { Ye do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall _or_ will.
+
+3d _Person_  { They do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall _or_ will.
+
+
+_Of the_ AUXILIARY VERBS.
+
+The _auxiliary Verbs_ are only two, _to Have_ and _to Be_; which cannot
+be conjugated without the _auxiliary Signs_, and without the reciprocal
+Assistance of each other.
+
+_To HAVE._
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have; thou hast; he hath, _or_ has. _Plur._ We have; ye have;
+they have.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had; thou hadst; he had. _Plur._ We had; ye had; they had.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have had; thou hast had; he hath, _or_ has had. _Plur._ We
+have had; ye have had; they have had.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had had; thou hadst had; he had had. _Plur._ We had had; ye
+had had; they had had.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, or will have; thou shalt, or wilt have; he shall, _or_
+will have. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have; ye shall, _or_ will have;
+they shall, _or_ will have.
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_.
+
+_Sing._ Let me have; do thou have, _or_ have thou; let him have.
+_Plur._ Let us have; do ye have, _or_ have ye; let them have.
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can have; thou may'st, _or_ can'st have; he may,
+_or_ can have.
+
+_Plur._ We may, _or_ can have; ye may, or can have; they may, _or_ can
+have.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have; thou must,
+might'st, woud'st, coud'st, _or_ shoud'st have; he must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd have; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have; they must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have had; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+have had; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st had had; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had; _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+had had; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have had; thou shalt, _or_ wilt have had; he
+shall, _or_ will have had; _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have had; ye
+shall, _or_ will have had; they shall, _or_ will have had.
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to have
+_Perfect_ ---- to have had
+_Future_ ---- about to have.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- having
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having had.
+
+
+_To BE._
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I am; thou art; he is. _Plur._ We are; ye are; they are.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I was; thou wast; he was; _Plur._ We were; ye were; they were.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have been; thou hast been; he hath been. _Plur._ We have
+been; ye have been; they have been.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had been; thou hadst been; he had been. _Plur._ We had been;
+ye had been; they had been.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will be; thou shalt, _or_ wilt be; he shall, _or_
+will be. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will be; ye shall, _or_ will be; they
+shall, _or_ will be.
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_.
+
+_Sing._ Let me be; do thou be, _or_ be thou; let him be. _Plur._ Let us
+be; do ye be, _or_ be ye; let them be.
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can be; thou may'st, _or_ canst be; he may, _or_
+can be. _Plur._ We may, _or_ can be; ye may, _or_ can be; they may,
+_or_ can be.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st be; he must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd be. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd be; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be; they must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have been; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd, have been. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+have been; they must, might, wou'd cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been; thou
+must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st, have had been; he
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been. _Plur._ We must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been; ye must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd have had been.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have been; thou shalt, _or_ wilt have been;
+he shall _or_ will have been. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have been; ye
+shall, _or_ will have been; they shall, _or_ will have been.
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to be
+_Preterperfect_ ---- to have been
+_Future_ ---- about to be.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- being
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having been.
+
+
+_Of_ REGULAR VERBS.
+
+Regular _Verbs_ are those that are _conjugated_ by some established
+Rules.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _Infinitive Mood Present Tense, of the Verb
+Active, in regular Verbs_, is always the same as the _first Person_ of
+the _Indicative Mood Present Tense singular_; as _to love, I love_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _second Person Singular_ is formed out of the
+_first_ by adding _st_ or _est_; as _I love, thou loves_t; _I read,
+thou readest_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _third Person singular_ is formed out of the
+_first_ by adding _th_ or _eth_; as _I love, he loveth, I read, he
+readeth_; or only by adding _s_; as _he loves, he reads_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _first Person Preterimperfect Tense singular_,
+is formed out of the _first Person Present Tense singular_ by adding
+the Syllable _ed_; as _I love, I loved_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _Participle Present of the Verb Active_, is
+always formed out of the _first Person Present_ by adding the Syllable
+_ing_; as _I love_, _loving_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _Preterimperfect, the Preterperfect, and the
+Preterpluperfect of the Indicative Mood; and the Preterperfect, the
+Preterpluperfect and the Future of the Conjunctive, and the Participle
+Passive_ is in regular Verbs the same; as _I loved, I have loved, I had
+loved, I may have loved, I might have loved, I shall have loved, I am
+loved_. And
+
+The _Termination_ of every other _Tense, Number or Person_, is the same
+with the _Infinitive_.
+
+
+_Of a_ VERB ACTIVE.
+
+A Verb _Active regular_ is conjugated by the _auxiliary Signs, the
+auxiliary Verbs_, and the general Rules foregoing.
+
+_To LOVE._
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I love, _or_ do love; thou lovest, _or_ dost love; he loveth,
+_or_ loves, _or_ doth love. _Plur._ We love, _or_ do love; ye love,
+_or_ do love; they love, _or_ do love.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I loved, _or_ did love; thou loved'st, _or_ did'st love; he
+loved, _or_ did love. _Plur._ we loved, _or_ did love; ye loved, _or_
+did love; they loved, _or_ did love.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have loved; thou hast loved; he hath loved, _or_ has loved.
+_Plur._ We have loved; ye have loved; they have loved.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had loved; thou hadst loved; he had loved. _Plur._ We had
+loved; ye had loved; they had loved.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will love; thou shalt, _or_ wilt love; he shall,
+_or_ will love. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will love; ye shall, _or_ will
+love; they shall, _or_ will love.
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_.
+
+_Sing._ Let me love; do thou love, _or_ love thou; let him love.
+_Plur._ Let us love; do ye love, _or_ love ye; let them love.
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can love; thou may'st, or can'st love; he may, _or_
+can love. _Plur._ We may, _or_ can love; ye may, _or_ can love; they
+may, _or_ can love.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st love; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+_or_ shou'd love; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love; they
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have loved; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have loved; he must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have loved. _Plur._ We must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have loved; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+_or_ shou'd have loved; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+have loved.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved; thou
+must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have had loved; he
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved. _Plur._ We must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved; ye must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd have had loved.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have loved; thou shalt, _or_ wilt have
+loved; he shall, or will have loved. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have
+loved; ye shall, _or_ will have loved; they shall, _or_ will have
+loved.
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to love
+_Preterperfect_ ---- to have loved
+_Future_ ---- about to love.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- loving
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having loved.
+
+
+_Of a_ VERB PASSIVE.
+
+The _Verb Passive_ is nothing more than the _Participle Passive_ joined
+to the _Auxiliary Verb to be_; as
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense_ I am loved; _&c._
+_Preterimperfect_ I was loved; _&c._
+_Preterperfect_ I have been loved; _&c._
+_Preterpluperfect_ I had been loved; _&c._
+_Future_ I shall or will be loved; _&c._
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_. Let me be loved _&c._
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can be loved; thou _&c._
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be loved; thou _&c._
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been loved; thou
+_&c._
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been loved;
+thou _&c_.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have been loved; thou _&c._
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to be loved
+_Preterperfect_ ---- to have been loved
+_Future_ ---- about to be loved.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- being loved
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having been loved.
+
+
+_Of a_ PARTICIPLE.
+
+A Participle is a _Part of Speech_, which partaketh of a _Verb_ and a
+_Noun_. When it has a Relation to Time it may be considered as a
+_Verb_; but when it is joined to a _Substantive_ or admits of
+_Comparison_, it may be considered as an _Adjective_.
+
+When the _termination_ of the _Participle Passive_ is not formed by
+adding the Syllable _ed_ to the _first Person_ of the _Indicative Mood
+Present Tense Singular_; or when the _Termination_ of the _Participle
+Passive_ differs from the _Termination of the Preter Tenses_, the
+_Verb_ becomes _irregular_; but in all other Respects is conjugated as
+the regular Verb; as I abide, thou abidest, &c.
+
+_Pres. Tense._     _Preter._     _Participle Passive._
+
+     Abide           Abode               Abode
+     Bite            Bit                 Bitten
+     Catch           Caught              Catched
+     Do              Did                 Done
+     Eat             Eat                 Eaten
+     Fall            Fell                Fallen
+     Get             Got                 Gotten
+     Hold            Held                Holden
+     Know            Knew                Known
+     Lie             Lay                 Laid
+     Make            Made                Made
+     Rise            Rose                Risen
+     Shine           Shone               Shined
+     Tread           Trod                Trodden
+     Weave           Wove                Woven
+     _&c._           _&c._               _&c._
+
+To these may be added the _Auxiliary Verbs_ ---- _To Have, and to Be_.
+
+
+_Of an_ ADVERB.
+
+An Adverb is a _Part of Speech_ joined to a _Verb_, a _Noun Substantive_,
+an _Adjective_ or _Participle_, and sometimes to another _Adverb_, to
+express the Manner or Circumstance of the Thing signified; as _he
+speaks properly_, _an orderly Man_, _truly good_, _extreamly loving_,
+_very devoutly_.
+
+Adverbs are very numerous, and have Relation to
+
+Time; as _now_, _lately_, _always_.
+
+Place; as _here_, _there_, _no-where_.
+
+Order; as _by Turns_, _abreast_, _orderly_.
+
+Quantity; as _enough_, _more_, _entirely_.
+
+Number; as _once_, _twice_, _thrice_.
+
+Dobting; as _perhaps_, _may be_, _peradventure_.
+
+Asking; as _why?_ _whence?_ _wherefore?_.
+
+Affirmation; as _yes_, _indeed_, _certainly_.
+
+Negation; as _no_, _never_, _not at all_.
+
+Comparison; as _more_, _less_, _likewise_.
+
+Quality; as _justly_, _prudently_, _indifferently_.
+
+
+_Of a_ CONJUNCTION.
+
+A Conjunction is _a Part of Speech_, which serves to connect and join
+the several Parts of a Discourse together, and is of various Kinds.
+
+Copulative; _as and_, _also_, _moreover_.
+
+Disjunctive; _as or_, _neither_, _whether_.
+
+Adversative; _as but_, _yet_, _notwithstanding_.
+
+Conditional; _as if_, _unless_, _provided_.
+
+Casual; _as for_, _because_, _forasmuch_.
+
+Conclusive; _as then_, _so that_, _therefore_.
+
+
+_Of a_ PREPOSITION.
+
+A Preposition is _a Part of Speech_, that serves to express the
+particular Relation and Circumstance of some other _Part of Speech_,
+and is either used in _Apposition_, as _in Heaven_; or in
+_Composition_, as _Invisible_.
+
+PREPOSITIONS _used in_ APPOSITION.
+
+Above        between        of
+about        betwixt        on
+after        beyond         over
+against      by             through
+among        for            throughout
+amongst      from           towards
+at           in             under
+before       into           unto
+behind       near           upon
+beneath      near to        with
+below        nigh           within
+beside       nigh to        without.
+
+PREPOSITIONS _used in_ COMPOSITION.
+
+A-base                ap-point
+ab-use                as-certain
+abs-tract             at-taint
+ac-commodate          be-friend
+ad-apt                circum-ambient
+af-fix                co-adjutor
+after-noon            com-pound
+amphi-theatre         com-plot
+ante-date             con-strain
+anti-christ           contra-diction
+an-archy              counter-balance.
+de-camp               op-pression
+Dis-appoint           over-reach
+dif-fusive            out-landish
+di-minish             per-form
+e-mission             post-master
+em-brace              pre-eminence
+en-close              preter-natural
+es-say                pro-long
+ex-terminate          re-gain
+extra-ordinary        retro-grade
+for-bear              sub-join
+fore-see              super-fine
+im-perfect            trans-migration
+in-glorious           un-worthy
+inter-view            under-written
+intro-duction         up-right
+ob-noxious            with-draw
+off-spring            _&c._, _&c._, _&c._
+
+
+_Of an_ INTERJECTION.
+
+An Interjection _is a Part of Speech_, that serves to express some
+sudden Motion or Passion of the Mind, transported with the Sensation of
+Pleasure or Pain.
+
+Of Pleasure; as, _O brave!_ _O Heavens! O Joy!_
+
+Of Pain; as _Alas! O my God! O Lord!_
+
+INTERJECTIONS _of a_ lower Order.
+
+Of Caution; as, _hold! take Care!_
+
+Of Admiration; as, _see! look! behold!_
+
+Of Aversion; as, _fie! away you Fool!_
+
+Of Silence; as, _be still! Silence!_
+
+
+_Of_ SYNTAX.
+
+Syntax is the Manner of constructing one Word with another prescribed
+by the _Rules of_ GRAMMAR.
+
+RULE 1st.
+
+The Article _a_ is usually placed before a Word that begins with a
+_Consonant_, the Article _an_ before a Word that begins with a _Vowel_,
+and either _a_ or _an_ before a Word that begins with an _h_; and the
+Article _the_, before a Word that begins either with a _Vowel_ or a
+_Consonant_; as, _a Christian_, _an Infidel_, _a Heathen_, or _an
+Heathen_; _the Christian_, _the Infidel_, _the Heathen_.
+
+RULE 2d.
+
+A Noun _Substantive_ is usually placed after its _Noun Adjective_; as
+the _Second Chapter_, a _great Man_. But sometimes for the Sake of
+greater Distinction the _Adjective_ is placed after, with the Article
+_the_ before it, as _George the Second_, _Peter the Great_. In _Poetry_
+the _Adjective_ is placed either before or after its _Substantive_
+indifferently, as the Versification requires it.
+
+RULE 3d.
+
+All _Nouns and Pronouns_ are of the _third Person_ except _I and we_,
+which are of the _first Person_, and _Thou, you and ye_, which are of
+the _Second Person_; and except the _Relative Pronouns_ which are
+always of the _same Person_ with the _Personal Pronoun_ to which they
+relate; as _I love, thou lovest, he loveth; I who love, Thou who
+lovest, he who loveth_.
+
+RULE 4th.
+
+The _prefix Pronouns_, _I, we, thou, you, ye, he, she, they, who_, are
+usually placed before the _Verb_; and the _Subsequent Pronouns_, _me,
+us, thee, him, her, them, whom_, are usually placed after; as _I love
+the Dog, the Dog loves me_. But when a _Question_ is asked, or when the
+_Verb_ is of the _Imperative Mood_, or in short Sentences, the _prefix
+Pronouns_ are usually placed after; as _lovest thou me? love thou
+thyself, said he, said they_.
+
+RULE 5th.
+
+When a Question is asked, and the _Verb_ has an _Auxiliary Sign_, or an
+_Auxiliary Verb_, the _governing Noun_ or _Pronoun_ is placed
+immediately after such _Auxiliary_; as _does the Sun shine? has he
+washed his Hands?_ And when the _Verb_ has two or more _Auxiliaries_,
+the _Noun or Pronoun_ is placed after the first; as _have I been
+taught? Cou'd the Truth have been known?_
+
+RULE 6th.
+
+The _Verb_ agrees with its _governing Noun_, _Pronoun Personal_, or
+_Pronoun Relative_, in _Number_ and _Person_; as _the Birds sing_,
+_thou lovest_, _he who loveth_.
+
+RULE 7th.
+
+A NOUN of _Multitude_ may have a _Verb_ either _Singular_ or _Plural_;
+as _the People is mad_, or _the People are mad_.
+
+But if a _Substantive_ of the same Signification follows, that is not a
+_Noun of Multitude_, then the _Verb_ is always Plural; as we do not say
+_the People is a mad Man_, but _the People are mad Men_.
+
+RULE 8th.
+
+Two or more _Nouns_ or _Pronouns Singular_, will have a _Verb Plural_;
+as _the Dog and Cat are very loving_. But when two or more
+_Substantives Singular_ signify the same _Thing_ or _Person_, or when
+the _Preposition_ OF intervenes, the _Verb_ is always _Singular_; as
+_the River Severn is Navigable._ _William the Conqueror was a great
+Man._ _This System of Grammar is compendious_.
+
+RULE 9th.
+
+The _subsequent Pronouns_ are usually placed after _Prepositions and
+Interjections_; as _of me, to us, for thee, with her, from them,
+against whom, O me!_
+
+
+_Of the_ POINTS _or_ PAUSES.
+
+The _Points_ or _Pauses_ have a Sort of musical Proportion.
+
+The _Period_ is marked thus (.)----Its _Time_ is equal to two _Colons_
+and is never placed but at the End of a Sentence, the Sense of which is
+perfect and compleat; as _By me Kings reign, and Princes decree
+Justice._
+
+The _Colon_ is marked thus (:) ---- Its _Time_ is equal to two
+_Semicolons_, and is placed where the Sense seems to be perfect and
+compleat; but to which notwithstanding something may still be added; as
+_give Instruction to a wise Man, and he will be yet wiser: Teach a just
+Man and he will increase in Learning_.
+
+The _Semicolon_ is marked thus (;) ---- its _Time_ is equal to two
+_Commas_, and is placed where the Sense is less compleat than the
+_Colon_, and more compleat than the _Comma_; as _a wise Man's Heart is
+at his right Hand; but a Fool's Heart is at his left_.
+
+The _Comma_ is marked thus (,) ---- It is the last and least _Pause_ or
+_Time_ that is made use of, and serves to distinguish the simple
+Numbers of a _Period_; as _arise, my Friend, and come away_.
+
+
+_Of the other NOTES or CHARACTERS._
+
+A Note of _Interrogation_ (?) is used when a Question is asked; as _who
+comes there?_
+
+A Note of _Admiration_ (!) is used after _Interjections_ or _short
+Sentences_ to express our Wonder and Surprize; as _O!_ _O LORD!_
+
+A Parenthesis (_rarely made use of by a good Writer_) is used to
+inclose one Sentence within another.
+
+The _Paragraph_ is marked thus (¶) and denotes the beginning of a new
+Discourse.
+
+An (') _Apostrophe_ is used when some Part of a Word is left out; as
+_Alexander's Horse_, for _Alexander his Horse_.
+
+A _Hyphen_ (-) is used to join together two Words, as _Foot-stool_,
+_&c._ and is used also when part of a Word is written in one Line, and
+part in another.
+
+The _Caret_ is marked thus, (^) to shew where the Words in any Sentence
+that are left out, shou'd come in; as
+
+           is
+_the Lady  ^  beautiful._
+
+
+The _Subdivision_, or part of a Chapter is marked usually thus, §.
+
+
+The _Index_ points to some remarkable Passage thus, Index finger,
+pointing to the right].
+
+A _Quotation_ is a double _Comma_ reverse and set against some Lines on
+the left side of a _Page_, to shew that they are quoted from another
+_Author_, thus, ".
+
+The _Notes_ that refer to the _Margin_ are an _Asterisk_ made thus, *,
+an _Obelisk_ thus, [Dagger symbol], also thus, ||.
+
+Besides these there are _literal Characters_, _numeral Characters_, and
+_Abbreviations_, the Knowledge of which is not so easily to be acquired
+by GRAMMAR _Rules_, as by diligent Observation and Experience.
+
+
+_The_ END.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SYSTEM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR ***
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+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<title>
+The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Short System of English Grammar
+       For the Use of the Boarding School in Worcester (1759)
+
+Author: Henry Bate
+
+Release Date: October 22, 2008 [EBook #26991]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SYSTEM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Lindy Walsh and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<h2>
+A
+</h2>
+<h1>
+Short
+<i>
+System
+</i>
+</h1>
+<h2>
+OF
+</h2>
+<h1>
+English
+<span class="scspace">
+Grammar</span>.
+</h1>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h3>
+For the use of the
+</h3>
+<h2>
+<span class="sc">
+Boarding
+</span>
+SCHOOL
+</h2>
+<h3>
+In WORCESTER.
+</h3>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/001a.jpg" alt="decoration" width="479" height="37">
+</div>
+<h2>
+<i>
+<small>
+By</small>
+</i>
+HENRY BATE
+<i>
+A. B.
+</i>
+</h2>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/001b.jpg" alt="Decoration" width="479" height="35">
+</div>
+<h4>
+<i>
+Worcester:
+</i>
+Printed by
+<span class="sc">
+R. Lewis</span>,
+<br>
+Bookseller, in
+<i>
+High-Street</i>.
+</h4>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[ii]
+</span>
+</p>
+<br>
+<hr class="med">
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[iii]
+</span>
+</p>
+<br>
+<h3>
+THE
+</h3>
+<h2>
+PREFACE.
+</h2>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/002.jpg" alt="Decorative border" width="584" height="55">
+</div>
+<p>
+<i>
+<span class="dropcap">
+U</span><span class="caps">sage
+</span>
+and Custom are the Rules and Measures of every
+</i>
+Language,
+<i>
+and the Rules of
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+<i>
+have nothing more to do, than to teach it. The
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+<i>
+is to be fashioned from the particular
+</i>
+Language,
+<i>
+it treats of, and not the Language from the
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar</span>.
+<i>
+For want of following this regular Plan, our Modern
+</i>
+GRAMMARIANS
+<i>
+have introduced the
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+Rules
+<i>
+of other
+</i>
+Languages
+<i>
+into their own; as if all
+</i>
+Language
+<i>
+was founded on
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar</span>,
+<i>
+and the Rules in one
+</i>
+Language
+<i>
+would serve the same End and Purpose in another.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+The Latin,
+<i>
+for Instance, has only
+</i>
+eight Parts of Speech,
+<i>
+and the Writers of
+</i>
+English
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+<i>
+have unthinkingly adopted the same Number; whereas with the Article,
+<span class="pagenum">
+[iv]
+</span>
+which the
+</i>
+Latin
+<i>
+has not, and which is of great Service in a
+</i>
+Language,
+<i>
+we have no less than nine. The
+</i>
+Latin
+<i>
+admits of
+</i>
+Cases;
+<i>
+but as different
+</i>
+Cases,
+<i>
+properly speaking, are nothing more than the different Inflections and Terminations of Nouns</i>, English Nouns
+<i>
+have no
+</i>
+Cases.
+<i>
+It is not agreeable to the Principles of
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+<i>
+to say that</i>&#8212;of a Rose&#8212;<i>is the Genitive Case of</i>&#8212;Rose,
+<i>
+or</i>&#8212;to a Rose,
+<i>
+the Dative; for
+</i>
+of
+<i>
+and
+</i>
+to
+<i>
+are no Part of the Word
+</i>
+Rose,
+<i>
+but only
+</i>
+prefix Particles
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+Prepositions,
+<i>
+which shew the different Relation of the Word
+</i>
+Rose.
+<i>
+So likewise when we say
+</i>
+Alexander's Horse,
+<i>
+the Word
+</i>
+Alexander's
+<i>
+is not the Genitive Case of
+</i>
+Alexander;
+<i>
+for strictly speaking the
+</i>
+'s
+<i>
+is no Part of the Word
+</i>
+Alexander
+<i>
+but the final Letter of the Pronoun Possessive
+</i>
+his,
+<i>
+and without the
+</i>
+Apostrophe
+<i>
+we shou'd read it thus;
+</i>
+Alexander his Horse.
+<i>
+If any of the
+</i>
+Parts of Speech
+<i>
+have
+</i>
+Cases,
+<i>
+the
+</i>
+Pronouns
+<i>
+have, and some of the
+</i>
+Pronouns
+<i>
+may perhaps have
+</i>
+two;
+<i>
+but for the Sake of making every Thing as easy as I can to the Learner, I have taken the Liberty of distinguishing such
+</i>
+Pronouns
+<i>
+into
+</i>
+Prefix
+<i>
+and
+</i>
+Subsequent,
+<i>
+and entirely laid aside
+</i>
+Cases
+<i>
+as useless and unnecessary. The
+</i>
+Latin
+<i>
+has
+</i>
+Genders,
+<i>
+the
+</i>
+Adjective
+<i>
+in
+<span class="pagenum">
+[v]
+</span>
+that Language always varying to correspond with the
+</i>
+Substantive;
+<i>
+but our</i>Adjectives
+<i>
+never vary, and therefore the Distinction of
+</i>
+Genders
+<i>
+has nothing to do with
+</i>
+English
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar</span>,
+<i>
+but is idle, trifling, impertinent.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="sc">
+Experience
+</span>
+<i>
+shews, that this Sort of pedantick Ignorance and Folly, has made that dark and obscure, which it was intended to elucidate, and unhappily puzzled and perplexed a great many more, than it has ever instructed. Every attempt to make
+</i>
+English easy
+<i>
+must be fruitless, that is not formed upon a different Plan, and such is the following
+</i>
+short System of English
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar</span>.
+</p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/003.jpg" alt="Decoration" width="255" height="190">
+</div>
+<br>
+<br>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/004.jpg" alt="Wide decorative border" width="611" height="126">
+</div>
+<h3>
+A<span class="pagenum">[1]</span>
+</h3>
+<h3>
+Short
+<i>
+System</i>
+</h3>
+<h3>
+OF
+</h3>
+<h2>
+English
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar</span>.
+</h2>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; GRAMMAR
+<i>
+and it's
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Divisions</span>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+G</span><span class="caps">rammar
+</span>
+is the Science of Letters or Language, and is the Art of Speaking and Writing properly.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+It's Divisions are four;
+</p>
+<table summary="Divisions" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<span class="sc">
+Orthography</span>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<span class="sc">
+Analogy</span>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<span class="sc">
+Prosody</span>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<span class="sc">
+Syntax</span>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; ORTHOGRAPHY.<span class="pagenum">[2]
+</span>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+O</span><span class="caps">rthography
+</span>
+comprehends
+<i>
+Writing</i>, and
+<i>
+Articulation</i>.
+<i>
+Articulation
+</i>
+treats of Simple Sounds, which are made by the Organs of Speech, and by which we communicate our Ideas and Sentiments to one another.
+<i>
+Writing
+</i>
+represents the Living Speech, and makes as it were these Sounds and Sentiments visible.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; PROSODY.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+P</span><span class="caps">rosody
+</span>
+treats of Pronunciation with respect of
+<i>
+Accent</i>,
+<i>
+Time</i>, and
+<i>
+Quantity</i>. But as the Science of Letters, Sounds, and Pronunciation is instilled into the Minds of the English Youth very early in Life, and as this
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+is not intended for the Use of
+<i>
+Foreigners</i>, but for them; I shall not trifle away their Time, in teaching them, what they cannot be supposed to be unacquainted with; but proceed to the third Part of
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+called
+<i>
+Analogy</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; ANALOGY.<span class="pagenum">[3]
+</span>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A</span>
+<span class="caps">
+nalogy
+</span>
+is the mutual Relation, or Agreement of Words with one another, and treats of all the
+<i>
+Parts of Speech</i>, which in English are
+<i>
+nine</i>.
+</p>
+<table summary="Parts of speech" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Article</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Verb</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+Conjunction</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Noun</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Participle</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+Preposition</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Pronoun</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Adverb</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+Interjection</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of An
+</i>
+ARTICLE.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A</span><span class="caps">n
+</span>
+Article is a
+<i>
+Part of Speech
+</i>
+put before
+<i>
+Nouns
+</i>
+to ascertain and fix their Vague Signification. There are three Articles,
+<i>
+a</i>,
+<i>
+an</i>, and
+<i>
+the</i>.
+<i>
+A
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+an
+</i>
+are Indefinite Articles and applied to Persons or Things indifferently; as
+<i>
+an Oyster</i>,
+<i>
+a Prince</i>. The Article
+<i>
+the
+</i>
+distinguishes individually or particularly; as
+<i>
+the Oyster</i>,
+<i>
+the Prince</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+NOUN.<span class="pagenum">[4]
+</span>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Noun
+</span>
+is a
+<i>
+Part of Speech
+</i>
+which expresses the Subject spoke of; as
+<i>
+Ink</i>,
+<i>
+Paper</i>,
+<i>
+Witness.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+A Noun is either
+<i>
+Substantive</i>, or
+<i>
+Adjective</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+A Noun
+<i>
+Substantive
+</i>
+is the Name of a Thing considered simply in itself, and without any Regard to it's Qualities; as
+<i>
+a Man</i>,
+<i>
+a Woman</i>,
+<i>
+a Child</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+A Noun
+<i>
+Adjective
+</i>
+is a Word added to the
+<i>
+Noun Substantive</i>, expressing the Circumstance or Quality thereof; as
+<i>
+a good Man</i>,
+<i>
+an old Woman</i>,
+<i>
+a young Child</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+PRONOUN.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Pronoun
+</span>
+is a
+<i>
+Part of Speech
+</i>
+substituted in the Place of a
+<i>
+Noun</i>, to avoid the frequent and disagreeable Repetition of the same Word; as
+<i>
+the Bird
+</i>
+is joyous,
+<i>
+he
+</i>
+chirps,
+<i>
+he
+</i>
+sings; which without the
+<i>
+Pronoun
+</i>
+wou'd be thus;
+<i>
+the Bird
+</i>
+is joyous,
+<i>
+the Bird
+</i>
+chirps,
+<i>
+the Bird
+</i>
+sings.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+PRONOUNS
+<span class="sc">
+Personal</span>.<span class="pagenum">[5]</span>
+</p>
+<table summary="Pronouns" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+I</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+He</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Myself</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+I myself</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Me</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Him</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Yourself</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+You yourself</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+You</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+She</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Thyself</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+Thou thyself</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Thou</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Her</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Himself</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+He himself</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Thee</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+One's self</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Herself</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+She herself</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p class="gap">
+&nbsp;
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+PRONOUNS
+<span class="sc">
+Relative</span>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Who</i>,
+<i>
+whose</i>,
+<i>
+whom</i>,
+<i>
+what</i>,
+<i>
+which.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="gap">
+&nbsp;
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+PRONOUNS
+<span class="sc">
+Demonstrative</span>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+This</i>,
+<i>
+that.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="gap">
+&nbsp;
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+PRONOUNS
+<span class="sc">
+Possessive</span>.
+</p>
+<table summary="Pronouns" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+My</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Ours</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Your</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+Theirs</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Mine</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Thy</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Yours</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+Her</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Our</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Thine</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+His</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rb">
+<i>
+Hers</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; NUMBER.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+N</span><span class="caps">umber
+</span>
+expresses the Difference betwixt one Thing and many, and is either
+<i>
+Singular
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Plural</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[6]
+</span>
+When a Thing is considered as single, or a Multitude of Things considered as united together, it is of the
+<i>
+Singular Number</i>; as
+<i>
+a Man</i>,
+<i>
+a Troop</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+When several Things are considered as distinct from each other it is of the
+<i>
+Plural Number</i>, as
+<i>
+Men</i>,
+<i>
+Soldiers</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Plural
+</i>
+is usually formed in
+<i>
+Noun Substantives
+</i>
+by adding
+<i>
+s
+</i>
+to the
+<i>
+Singular</i>; as
+<i>
+Article Articles</i>,
+<i>
+Noun Nouns</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+But when the Pronunciation requires it, or when the
+<i>
+Singular
+</i>
+ends in
+<i>
+s</i>,
+<i>
+x</i>,
+<i>
+sh</i>, or
+<i>
+ch</i>, the
+<i>
+Plural
+</i>
+is usually formed by adding the Syllable
+<i>
+es</i>; as
+<i>
+Ass Asses</i>,
+<i>
+Fox Foxes</i>,
+<i>
+Sash Sashes</i>,
+<i>
+Church Churches</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+When the
+<i>
+Singular
+</i>
+ends in
+<i>
+f
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+fe</i>, the
+<i>
+Plural
+</i>
+is usually form'd by changing the
+<i>
+f
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+fe
+</i>
+into
+<i>
+ves</i>; as
+<i>
+Wife Wives</i>,
+<i>
+Self Selves</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sometimes the
+<i>
+Plural
+</i>
+is formed by adding the Syllable
+<i>
+en</i>; as
+<i>
+Ox Oxen</i>; sometimes by changing the
+<i>
+Vowel</i>; as
+<i>
+Man Men</i>; and sometimes the
+<i>
+Vowels and Consonants</i>; as
+<i>
+Penny Pence</i>,
+<i>
+Mouse Mice</i>,
+<i>
+Louse Lice</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[7]
+</span>
+Some of the
+<i>
+Pronouns
+</i>
+form their
+<i>
+Plural
+</i>
+very irregular; as
+<i>
+I We</i>,
+<i>
+Me Us</i>,
+<i>
+Thou Ye</i>,
+<i>
+Thee You</i>,
+<i>
+He They</i>,
+<i>
+Him Them</i>,
+<i>
+She They</i>,
+<i>
+Her Them</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Some
+<i>
+Nouns
+</i>
+have no
+<i>
+Singular Number</i>; as
+<i>
+Scissors</i>, the
+<i>
+East-Indies</i>, the
+<i>
+West-Indies</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Some have no
+<i>
+Plural</i>; the Names of Kingdoms for Instance; as
+<i>
+England</i>,
+<i>
+Ireland</i>,
+<i>
+Portugal</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Cities, Towns and Villages; as
+<i>
+Worcester</i>,
+<i>
+Kinver</i>,
+<i>
+Hagley</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Seas, and Rivers; as the
+<i>
+Mediterranean</i>,
+<i>
+Severn</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Wheat</i>,
+<i>
+Barley</i>,
+<i>
+Gold</i>,
+<i>
+Silver</i>,
+<i>
+Pewter</i>, and a great many Words, that cannot be reduced to any Rule want the
+<i>
+Plural Number</i>; as
+<i>
+Ale</i>,
+<i>
+Beer</i>,
+<i>
+Bread</i>,
+<i>
+Butter</i>,
+<i>
+Honey</i>,
+<i>
+Milk</i>,
+<i>
+Hunger</i>,
+<i>
+Thirst</i>,
+<i>
+Drunkenness</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Termination of some
+<i>
+Nouns
+</i>
+is the same both in the
+<i>
+Singular
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+Plural</i>; as
+<i>
+a Sheep</i>,
+<i>
+a Swine</i>, a Flock of
+<i>
+Sheep</i>, a Herd of
+<i>
+Swine</i>, &#38;c.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[8]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; COMPARISON.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+C</span><span class="caps">omparison
+</span>
+is the comparing the different Circumstances of Persons or Things with each other, and serves to alter the Signification of a Word, either by a gradual Increase, or a gradual Diminution; as
+<i>
+long longer longest</i>,
+<i>
+short shorter shortest</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="sc">
+Adjectives</span>,
+<i>
+Adverbs</i>, and
+<i>
+Substantives</i>, have three Degrees of Comparison, the
+<i>
+Positive</i>, the
+<i>
+Comparative</i>, and the
+<i>
+Superlative</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Positive
+</i>
+lays down the Natural Signification simply and without excess or Diminution; as
+<i>
+long</i>,
+<i>
+short</i>,
+<i>
+often</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Comparative
+</i>
+raises or lowers the
+<i>
+Positive
+</i>
+in Signification, and is formed of the
+<i>
+Positive
+</i>
+by adding the Syllable
+<i>
+er</i>; as
+<i>
+long longer</i>,
+<i>
+short shorter</i>,
+<i>
+often oftener</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Superlative
+</i>
+raises or lowers the Signification as much as possible, and if formed of the
+<i>
+Positive
+</i>
+by adding the Syllable
+<span class="pagenum">
+[9]
+</span>
+<i>
+est</i>; as
+<i>
+long longest</i>,
+<i>
+short shortest</i>,
+<i>
+often oftenest</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sometimes they are compared by the
+<i>
+Adverbs
+</i>
+<i>
+very, infinitely</i>; and the
+<i>
+Adjectives
+</i>
+<i>
+more, most</i>;
+<i>
+less, least</i>; as
+<i>
+long, very long, infinitely long</i>;
+<i>
+short, more short, most short</i>;
+<i>
+commonly, less commonly, least commonly</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+These
+<i>
+Adjectives
+</i>
+deviate from the general Rule,
+<i>
+good better best</i>,
+<i>
+bad worse worst</i>,
+<i>
+little less least</i>,
+<i>
+much more most</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="sc">
+Substantives
+</span>
+are compared by the
+<i>
+Adjectives
+</i>
+<i>
+more, most</i>, the Words
+<i>
+than</i>, or
+<i>
+that</i>, always following; as a Dunce,
+<i>
+more
+</i>
+a Dunce
+<i>
+than
+</i>
+I or me, the
+<i>
+most
+</i>
+a Dunce
+<i>
+that
+</i>
+ever I did see.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+VERB.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Verb
+</span>
+is a
+<i>
+Part of Speech</i>, which serves to express, what we affirm of, or attribute to any Subject, and is either
+<i>
+Active
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Passive</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+A Verb
+<i>
+Active
+</i>
+is that which expresses an
+<i>
+Action</i>; as
+<i>
+I kick</i>,
+<i>
+I see</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+A Verb
+<i>
+Passive
+</i>
+is that which receives the
+<i>
+Action
+</i>
+or expresses the
+<i>
+Passion</i>; as
+<i>
+I am kick'd</i>,
+<i>
+I am seen</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[10]
+</span>
+A Verb has two
+<i>
+Numbers
+</i>
+the
+<i>
+Singular
+</i>
+and the
+<i>
+Plural</i>; and three
+<i>
+Persons
+</i>
+in each
+<i>
+Number</i>; as
+<i>
+I am, thou art, he is</i>.
+<i>
+We are, ye are, they are.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+The same is to be observed in every
+<i>
+Mood
+</i>
+and in every
+<i>
+Tense
+</i>
+but in the
+<i>
+Infinitive</i>, which has neither
+<i>
+Number
+</i>
+nor Person.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; MOODS.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+mood
+</span>
+is the Manner of
+<i>
+conjugating Verbs
+</i>
+agreeably to the different Actions or Affections to be expressed.
+</p>
+<p>
+There are
+<i>
+four Moods</i>, the
+<i>
+Indicative</i>, the
+<i>
+Imperative</i>, the
+<i>
+Conjunctive</i>, and the
+<i>
+Infinitive.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Indicative Mood
+</i>
+expresseth the
+<i>
+Action
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Passion
+</i>
+simply directly and absolutely; as
+<i>
+I love, I have loved, I will love</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Imperative
+</i>
+commands or forbids; as
+<i>
+come</i>,
+<i>
+go</i>,
+<i>
+begone</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[11]
+</span>
+The
+<i>
+Conjunctive
+</i>
+expresses the
+<i>
+Action
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Passion
+</i>
+conditionally and is always joined with the
+<i>
+Indicative</i>, or the same
+<i>
+Mood</i>; as
+<i>
+I will love you, if you wou'd love me</i>;
+<i>
+I wou'd dance, if you wou'd dance</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Infinitive
+</i>
+expresses the
+<i>
+Action
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Passion
+</i>
+indeterminately without any Regard to
+<i>
+Time</i>,
+<i>
+Place</i>,
+<i>
+Number</i>, or
+<i>
+Person</i>; as
+<i>
+to love, to be loved</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of the
+</i>
+TENSES.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+T</span><span class="caps">ense
+</span>
+is an Inflection of Verbs, whereby they are made to signify, and distinguish the Circumstance of
+<i>
+Time</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+There are
+<i>
+five Tenses</i>,
+<i>
+the Present Tense</i>,
+<i>
+the Preterimperfect</i>,
+<i>
+the Preterperfect</i>,
+<i>
+the Preterpluperfect</i>, and
+<i>
+the Future</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+1. The
+<i>
+Present Tense
+</i>
+expresses the Time, that now is; as
+<i>
+I sup</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+2. The
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense
+</i>
+denotes the historical Relation of a past Action, but yet not perfectly compleated, when
+<span class="pagenum">
+[12]
+</span>
+joined to another Action that is perfectly compleated; as
+<i>
+when or while I supped he came in</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+3. The
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense
+</i>
+expresses the Time Past perfectly; as
+<i>
+I have supped</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+4. The
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense
+</i>
+expresses the Time Past doubly; as
+<i>
+I had supped</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+5. The
+<i>
+Future Tense
+</i>
+expresses the Time to come; as
+<i>
+I shall sup, I will sup</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of the
+</i>
+CONJUGATION.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+C</span><span class="caps">onjugation
+</span>
+is the Variation of Verbs through all their
+<i>
+Moods and Tenses</i>; and the English Verbs are chiefly conjugated by
+<i>
+auxiliary Signs</i>; as
+<i>
+to love</i>; or by
+<i>
+auxiliary Verbs</i>; as
+<i>
+I am loved, I have loved</i>.
+</p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/005.jpg" alt="Decoration" width="162" height="161">
+</div>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[13]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of the
+</i>
+AUXILIARY
+<span class="sc">
+Signs</span>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+T</span>
+<span class="caps">
+he
+</span>
+<i>
+auxiliary Signs
+</i>
+are Words that serve to express the Variations of the
+<i>
+Verb</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Imperative Mood
+</i>
+has the
+<i>
+Signs
+</i>
+<i>
+do, let</i>; as&#8212;<i>do thou love, let him love</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Infinitive Mood
+</i>
+has the
+<i>
+Signs
+</i>
+<i>
+to, about</i>; as
+<i>
+to love, about to love</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The other
+<i>
+Moods
+</i>
+have the
+<i>
+auxiliary Signs
+</i>
+following.
+</p>
+<table summary="Moods" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3">
+<i>
+Singular</i>
+</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+I do, did, must, may,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+1st
+<i>
+Person</i>
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+shou'd, shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+Thou do'st, did'st, must,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+2d
+<i>
+Person</i>
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+may'st, can'st, might'st,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+wou'd'st, cou'd'st, shou'd'st,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+shalt
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+wilt.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[14]</span>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+He does, or do'th, did, must,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+3d
+<i>
+Person</i>
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+may, can, might, wou'd,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+cou'd, shou'd, shall,
+<i>
+or</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+will.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3">
+<i>
+Plural</i>
+</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+We do, did, must, may,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+1st
+<i>
+Person</i>
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+shou'd, shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+Ye do, did, must, may,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+2d
+<i>
+Person</i>
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+shou'd, shall
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+They do, did, must, may,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+3d
+<i>
+Person</i>
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+&nbsp;
+</td>
+<td>
+{
+</td>
+<td>
+shou'd, shall
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of the
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Auxiliary
+</span>
+VERBS.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+T</span><span class="caps">he
+</span>
+<i>
+auxiliary Verbs
+</i>
+are only two,
+<i>
+to Have
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+to Be</i>; which cannot be conjugated without the
+<i>
+auxiliary Signs</i>,
+<span class="pagenum">
+[15]
+</span>
+and without the reciprocal Assistance of each other.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+<big>
+To HAVE.</big>
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Indicative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I have; thou hast; he hath,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+has.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We have; ye have; they have.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I had; thou hadst; he had.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We had; ye had; they had.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I have had; thou hast had; he hath,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+has had.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We have had; ye have had; they have had.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[16]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I had had; thou hadst had; he had had.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We had had; ye had had; they had had.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall, or will have; thou shalt, or wilt have; he shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have; ye shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have; they shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Imperative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+Future</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+Let me have; do thou have,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+have thou; let him have.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+Let us have; do ye have,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+have ye; let them have.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Conjunctive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can have; thou may'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can'st have; he may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can have.
+<span class="pagenum">
+[17]
+</span>
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can have; ye may, or can have; they may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can have.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have; thou must, might'st, woud'st, coud'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shoud'st have; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st have had; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[18]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd had had; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st had had; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd had had;
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd had had; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd had had; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd had had.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have had; thou shalt,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+wilt have had; he shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have had;
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have had; ye shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have had; they shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have had.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Infinitive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to have
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Perfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to have had
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Future
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; about to have.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[19]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Participles.
+</span>
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; having
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; having had.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="short">
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+<big>
+To BE.</big>
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Indicative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I am; thou art; he is.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We are; ye are; they are.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I was; thou wast; he was;
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We were; ye were; they were.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I have been; thou hast been; he hath been.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We have been; ye have been; they have been.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I had been; thou hadst been;
+<span class="pagenum">
+[20]
+</span>
+he had been.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We had been; ye had been; they had been.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will be; thou shalt,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+wilt be; he shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will be.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will be; ye shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will be; they shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will be.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Imperative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+Future</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+Let me be; do thou be,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+be thou; let him be.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+Let us be; do ye be,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+be ye; let them be.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Conjunctive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can be; thou may'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+canst be; he may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can be.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can be; ye may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can be; they may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can be.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[21]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd be; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st be; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd be.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd be; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd be; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd be.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have been; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st have been; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd, have been.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have been; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have been; they must, might, wou'd cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have been.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had been; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st,
+<span class="pagenum">
+[22]
+</span>
+have had been; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had been.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had been; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had been; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had been.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have been; thou shalt,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+wilt have been; he shall
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have been.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have been; ye shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have been; they shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have been.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Infinitive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to be
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to have been
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Future
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; about to be.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="ctr">
+PARTICIPLES.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; being
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; having been.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="med">
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[23]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp;
+<span class="sc">
+Regular
+</span>
+VERBS.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+R</span><span class="caps">egular
+</span>
+<i>
+Verbs
+</i>
+are those that are
+<i>
+conjugated
+</i>
+by some established Rules.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Infinitive Mood Present Tense, of the Verb Active, in regular Verbs</i>, is always the same as the
+<i>
+first Person
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Indicative Mood Present Tense singular</i>; as
+<i>
+to love, I love</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+second Person Singular
+</i>
+is formed out of the
+<i>
+first
+</i>
+by adding
+<i>
+st
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+est</i>; as
+<i>
+I love, thou loves</i>t;
+<i>
+I read, thou readest</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+third Person singular
+</i>
+is formed out of the
+<i>
+first
+</i>
+by adding
+<i>
+th
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+eth</i>; as
+<i>
+I love, he loveth, I read, he readeth</i>; or only by adding
+<i>
+s</i>; as
+<i>
+he loves, he reads</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+first Person Preterimperfect Tense singular</i>, is formed out
+<span class="pagenum">
+[24]
+</span>
+of the
+<i>
+first Person Present Tense singular
+</i>
+by adding the Syllable
+<i>
+ed</i>; as
+<i>
+I love, I loved</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Participle Present of the Verb Active</i>, is always formed out of the
+<i>
+first Person Present
+</i>
+by adding the Syllable
+<i>
+ing</i>; as
+<i>
+I love</i>,
+<i>
+loving</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Preterimperfect, the Preterperfect, and the Preterpluperfect of the Indicative Mood; and the Preterperfect, the Preterpluperfect and the Future of the Conjunctive, and the Participle Passive
+</i>
+is in regular Verbs the same; as
+<i>
+I loved, I have loved, I had loved, I may have loved, I might have loved, I shall have loved, I am loved</i>. And
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of every other
+<i>
+Tense, Number or Person</i>, is the same with the
+<i>
+Infinitive</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[25]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+VERB
+<span class="sc">
+Active</span>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Verb
+</span>
+<i>
+Active regular
+</i>
+is conjugated by the
+<i>
+auxiliary Signs, the auxiliary Verbs</i>, and the general Rules foregoing.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+<big>
+To LOVE.</big>
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Indicative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I love,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+do love; thou lovest,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+dost love; he loveth,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+loves,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+doth love.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We love,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+do love; ye love,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+do love; they love,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+do love.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I loved,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+did love; thou loved'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+did'st love; he loved,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+did love.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+we loved,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+did love; ye loved,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+did love; they loved,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+did love.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I have loved; thou hast loved;
+<span class="pagenum">
+[26]
+</span>
+he hath loved,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+has loved.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We have loved; ye have loved; they have loved.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I had loved; thou hadst loved; he had loved.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We had loved; ye had loved; they had loved.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will love; thou shalt,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+wilt love; he shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will love.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will love; ye shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will love; they shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will love.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Imperative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+Future</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+Let me love; do thou love,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+love thou; let him love.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+Let us love; do ye love,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+love ye; let them love.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[27]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Conjunctive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can love; thou may'st, or can'st love; he may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can love.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can love; ye may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can love; they may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can love.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd love; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st love; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd love.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd love; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd love; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd love.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have loved; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st have loved; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have loved.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have loved; ye
+<span class="pagenum">
+[28]
+</span>
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have loved; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have loved.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had loved; thou must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd'st have had loved; he must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had loved.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had loved; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had loved; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had loved.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have loved; thou shalt,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+wilt have loved; he shall, or will have loved.
+<i>
+Plur.
+</i>
+We shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have loved; ye shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have loved; they shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have loved.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[29]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Infinitive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to love
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to have loved
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Future
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; about to love.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Participles.
+</span>
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; loving
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; having loved.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+VERB
+<span class="sc">
+Passive</span>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+T</span><span class="caps">he
+</span>
+<i>
+Verb Passive
+</i>
+is nothing more than the
+<i>
+Participle Passive
+</i>
+joined to the
+<i>
+Auxiliary Verb to be</i>; as
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Indicative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<table summary="Indicative mood" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<i>
+Present Tense</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+I am loved;
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+<i>
+Preterimperfect</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+I was loved;
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+<i>
+Preterperfect</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+I have been loved;
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+I had been loved;
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+<i>
+Future</i>
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+I shall or will be loved;
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[30]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Imperative
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+Future</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+Let me be loved
+<i>
+&#38;c.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Conjunctive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Present Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I may,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+can be loved; thou
+<i>
+&#38;c.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterimperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd be loved; thou
+<i>
+&#38;c.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have been loved; thou
+<i>
+&#38;c.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Preterpluperfect Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+shou'd have had been loved; thou
+<i>
+&#38;c</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+Future Tense.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>
+Sing.
+</i>
+I shall,
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+will have been loved; thou
+<i>
+&#38;c.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[31]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Infinitive
+</span>
+MOOD.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to be loved
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; to have been loved
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Future
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; about to be loved.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Participles.
+</span>
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<i>
+Present
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; being loved
+</li>
+<li>
+<i>
+Preterperfect
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212; having been loved.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+PARTICIPLE.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Participle
+</span>
+is a
+<i>
+Part of Speech</i>, which partaketh of a
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+and a
+<i>
+Noun</i>. When it has a Relation to Time it may be considered as a
+<i>
+Verb</i>; but when it is joined to a
+<i>
+Substantive
+</i>
+or admits of
+<i>
+Comparison</i>, it may be considered as an
+<i>
+Adjective</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+When the
+<i>
+termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Participle Passive
+</i>
+is not formed by adding the Syllable
+<i>
+ed
+</i>
+to the
+<i>
+first Person
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Indicative Mood Present Tense Singular</i>; or when the
+<i>
+Termination
+</i>
+of the
+<i>
+Participle Passive
+</i>
+differs from the
+<i>
+Termination of the Preter
+<span class="pagenum">
+[32]
+</span>
+Tenses</i>, the
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+becomes
+<i>
+irregular</i>; but in all other Respects is conjugated as the regular Verb; as I abide, thou abidest, &#38;c.
+</p>
+<table summary="Tenses" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<th>
+<i>
+Pres. Tense.</i>
+</th>
+<th>
+<i>
+Preter.</i>
+</th>
+<th>
+<i>
+Participle Passive.</i>
+</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Abide
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Abode
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Abode
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Bite
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Bit
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Bitten
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Catch
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Caught
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Catched
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Do
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Did
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Done
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Eat
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Eat
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Eaten
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Fall
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Fell
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Fallen
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Get
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Got
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Gotten
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Hold
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Held
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Holden
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Know
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Knew
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Known
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Lie
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Lay
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Laid
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Make
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Made
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Made
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Rise
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Rose
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Risen
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Shine
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Shone
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Shined
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Tread
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Trod
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Trodden
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Weave
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Wove
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+Woven
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>
+To these may be added the
+<i>
+Auxiliary Verbs
+</i>
+&#8212;&#8212;
+<i>
+To Have, and to Be</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[33]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of an
+</i>
+ADVERB.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A</span><span class="caps">n
+</span>
+Adverb is a
+<i>
+Part of Speech
+</i>
+joined to a
+<i>
+Verb</i>, a
+<i>
+Noun Substantive</i>, an
+<i>
+Adjective
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Participle</i>, and sometimes to another
+<i>
+Adverb</i>, to express the Manner or Circumstance of the Thing signified; as
+<i>
+he speaks properly</i>,
+<i>
+an orderly Man</i>,
+<i>
+truly good</i>,
+<i>
+extreamly loving</i>,
+<i>
+very devoutly</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Adverbs are very numerous, and have Relation to
+</p>
+<p>
+Time; as
+<i>
+now</i>,
+<i>
+lately</i>,
+<i>
+always</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Place; as
+<i>
+here</i>,
+<i>
+there</i>,
+<i>
+no-where</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Order; as
+<i>
+by Turns</i>,
+<i>
+abreast</i>,
+<i>
+orderly</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Quantity; as
+<i>
+enough</i>,
+<i>
+more</i>,
+<i>
+entirely</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Number; as
+<i>
+once</i>,
+<i>
+twice</i>,
+<i>
+thrice</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Doubting; as
+<i>
+perhaps</i>,
+<i>
+may be</i>,
+<i>
+peradventure</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Asking; as
+<i>
+why?
+</i>
+<i>
+whence?
+</i>
+<i>
+wherefore?</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Affirmation; as
+<i>
+yes</i>,
+<i>
+indeed</i>,
+<i>
+certainly</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Negation; as
+<i>
+no</i>,
+<i>
+never</i>,
+<i>
+not at all</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Comparison; as
+<i>
+more</i>,
+<i>
+less</i>,
+<i>
+likewise</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Quality; as
+<i>
+justly</i>,
+<i>
+prudently</i>,
+<i>
+indifferently</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[34]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+CONJUNCTION.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Conjunction
+</span>
+is
+<i>
+a Part of Speech</i>, which serves to connect and join the several Parts of a Discourse together, and is of various Kinds.
+</p>
+<p>
+Copulative;
+<i>
+as and</i>,
+<i>
+also</i>,
+<i>
+moreover</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Disjunctive;
+<i>
+as or</i>,
+<i>
+neither</i>,
+<i>
+whether</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Adversative;
+<i>
+as but</i>,
+<i>
+yet</i>,
+<i>
+notwithstanding</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Conditional;
+<i>
+as if</i>,
+<i>
+unless</i>,
+<i>
+provided</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Casual;
+<i>
+as for</i>,
+<i>
+because</i>,
+<i>
+forasmuch</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Conclusive;
+<i>
+as then</i>,
+<i>
+so that</i>,
+<i>
+therefore</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of a
+</i>
+PREPOSITION.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A
+</span>
+<span class="caps">
+Preposition
+</span>
+is
+<i>
+a Part of Speech</i>, that serves to express the particular Relation and Circumstance of some other
+<i>
+Part of Speech</i>, and is either used in
+<i>
+Apposition</i>, as
+<i>
+in Heaven</i>; or in
+<i>
+Composition</i>, as
+<i>
+Invisible</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[35]</span>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Prepositions
+</span>
+<i>
+used in
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Apposition</span>.
+</p>
+<table summary="Prepositions" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+Above
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+between
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+of
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+about
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+betwixt
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+on
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+after
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+beyond
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+over
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+against
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+by
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+through
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+among
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+for
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+throughout
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+amongst
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+from
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+towards
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+at
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+in
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+under
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+before
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+into
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+unto
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+behind
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+near
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+upon
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+beneath
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+near to
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+with
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+below
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+nigh
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+within
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">
+beside
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+nigh to
+</td>
+<td class="tdc">
+without.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p class="gap">
+&nbsp;
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Prepositions
+</span>
+<i>
+used in
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+Composition</span>.
+</p>
+<table summary="Prepositions" cellspacing="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+A-base
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+ap-point
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+ab-use
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+as-certain
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+abs-tract
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+at-taint
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+ac-commodate
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+be-friend
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+ad-apt
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+circum-ambient
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+af-fix
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+co-adjutor
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+after-noon
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+com-pound
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+amphi-theatre
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+com-plot
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+ante-date
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+con-strain
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+anti-christ
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+contra-diction
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+an-archy
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+counter-balance.<span class="pagenum">[36]</span>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+de-camp
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+op-pression
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+Dis-appoint
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+over-reach
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+dif-fusive
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+out-landish
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+di-minish
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+per-form
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+e-mission
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+post-master
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+em-brace
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+pre-eminence
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+en-close
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+preter-natural
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+es-say
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+pro-long
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+ex-terminate
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+re-gain
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+extra-ordinary
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+retro-grade
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+for-bear
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+sub-join
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+fore-see
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+super-fine
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+im-perfect
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+trans-migration
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+in-glorious
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+un-worthy
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+inter-view
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+under-written
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+intro-duction
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+up-right
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+ob-noxious
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+with-draw
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="rb">
+off-spring
+</td>
+<td class="rp">
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>,
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>,
+<i>
+&#38;c.</i>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of an
+</i>
+INTERJECTION.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+A</span><span class="caps">n
+</span>
+Interjection
+<i>
+is a Part of Speech</i>, that serves to express some sudden Motion or Passion of the Mind, transported with the Sensation of Pleasure or Pain.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[37]</span>
+</p>
+<p>
+Of Pleasure; as,
+<i>
+O brave!
+</i>
+<i>
+O Heavens! O Joy!
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Of Pain; as
+<i>
+Alas! O my God! O Lord!
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="sc">
+Interjections
+</span>
+<i>
+of a
+</i>
+lower Order.
+</p>
+<p>
+Of Caution; as,
+<i>
+hold! take Care!
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Of Admiration; as,
+<i>
+see! look! behold!
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Of Aversion; as,
+<i>
+fie! away you Fool!
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Of Silence; as,
+<i>
+be still! Silence!
+</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of</i>&nbsp; SYNTAX.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+S</span><span class="caps">yntax
+</span>
+is the Manner of constructing one Word with another prescribed by the
+<i>
+Rules of
+</i>
+GRAMMAR.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+1st.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Article
+<i>
+a
+</i>
+is usually placed before a Word that begins with a
+<i>
+Consonant</i>,
+<span class="pagenum">
+[38]
+</span>
+the Article
+<i>
+an
+</i>
+before a Word that begins with a
+<i>
+Vowel</i>, and either
+<i>
+a
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+an
+</i>
+before a Word that begins with an
+<i>
+h</i>; and the Article
+<i>
+the</i>, before a Word that begins either with a
+<i>
+Vowel
+</i>
+or a
+<i>
+Consonant</i>; as,
+<i>
+a Christian</i>,
+<i>
+an Infidel</i>,
+<i>
+a Heathen</i>, or
+<i>
+an Heathen</i>;
+<i>
+the Christian</i>,
+<i>
+the Infidel</i>,
+<i>
+the Heathen</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+2d.
+</p>
+<p>
+A Noun
+<i>
+Substantive
+</i>
+is usually placed after its
+<i>
+Noun Adjective</i>; as the
+<i>
+Second Chapter</i>, a
+<i>
+great Man</i>. But sometimes for the Sake of greater Distinction the
+<i>
+Adjective
+</i>
+is placed after, with the Article
+<i>
+the
+</i>
+before it, as
+<i>
+George the Second</i>,
+<i>
+Peter the Great</i>. In
+<i>
+Poetry
+</i>
+the
+<i>
+Adjective
+</i>
+is placed either before or after its
+<i>
+Substantive
+</i>
+indifferently, as the Versification requires it.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+3d.
+</p>
+<p>
+All
+<i>
+Nouns and Pronouns
+</i>
+are of the
+<i>
+third Person
+</i>
+except
+<i>
+I and we</i>, which are of the
+<i>
+first Person</i>, and
+<i>
+Thou, you and ye</i>, which are of the
+<i>
+Second Person</i>; and except
+<span class="pagenum">
+[39]
+</span>
+the
+<i>
+Relative Pronouns
+</i>
+which are always of the
+<i>
+same Person
+</i>
+with the
+<i>
+Personal Pronoun
+</i>
+to which they relate; as
+<i>
+I love, thou lovest, he loveth; I who love, Thou who lovest, he who loveth</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+4th.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+prefix Pronouns</i>,
+<i>
+I, we, thou, you, ye, he, she, they, who</i>, are usually placed before the
+<i>
+Verb</i>; and the
+<i>
+Subsequent Pronouns</i>,
+<i>
+me, us, thee, him, her, them, whom</i>, are usually placed after; as
+<i>
+I love the Dog, the Dog loves me</i>. But when a
+<i>
+Question
+</i>
+is asked, or when the
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+is of the
+<i>
+Imperative Mood</i>, or in short Sentences, the
+<i>
+prefix Pronouns
+</i>
+are usually placed after; as
+<i>
+lovest thou me? love thou thyself, said he, said they</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+5th.
+</p>
+<p>
+When a Question is asked, and the
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+has an
+<i>
+Auxiliary Sign</i>, or an
+<i>
+Auxiliary Verb</i>, the
+<i>
+governing Noun
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Pronoun
+</i>
+is placed immediately after such
+<i>
+Auxiliary</i>; as
+<i>
+does the Sun shine? has he washed his
+<span class="pagenum">
+[40]
+</span>
+Hands?
+</i>
+And when the
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+has two or more
+<i>
+Auxiliaries</i>, the
+<i>
+Noun or Pronoun
+</i>
+is placed after the first; as
+<i>
+have I been taught? Cou'd the Truth have been known?
+</i>
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+6th.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+agrees with its
+<i>
+governing Noun</i>,
+<i>
+Pronoun Personal</i>, or
+<i>
+Pronoun Relative</i>, in
+<i>
+Number
+</i>
+and
+<i>
+Person</i>; as
+<i>
+the Birds sing</i>,
+<i>
+thou lovest</i>,
+<i>
+he who loveth</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+7th.
+</p>
+<p>
+A
+<span class="sc">
+Noun
+</span>
+of
+<i>
+Multitude
+</i>
+may have a
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+either
+<i>
+Singular
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Plural</i>; as
+<i>
+the People is mad</i>, or
+<i>
+the People are mad</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+But if a
+<i>
+Substantive
+</i>
+of the same Signification follows, that is not a
+<i>
+Noun of Multitude</i>, then the
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+is always Plural; as we do not say
+<i>
+the People is a mad Man</i>, but
+<i>
+the People are mad Men</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+8th.
+</p>
+<p>
+Two or more
+<i>
+Nouns
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Pronouns Singular</i>, will have a
+<i>
+Verb Plural</i>; as
+<i>
+the Dog and Cat are very loving</i>. But when
+<span class="pagenum">
+[41]
+</span>
+two or more
+<i>
+Substantives Singular
+</i>
+signify the same
+<i>
+Thing
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Person</i>, or when the
+<i>
+Preposition
+</i>
+<span class="sc">
+OF
+</span>
+intervenes, the
+<i>
+Verb
+</i>
+is always
+<i>
+Singular</i>; as
+<i>
+the River Severn is Navigable.
+</i>
+<i>
+William the Conqueror was a great Man.
+</i>
+<i>
+This System of Grammar is compendious</i>.
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<span class="sc">
+Rule
+</span>
+9th.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+subsequent Pronouns
+</i>
+are usually placed after
+<i>
+Prepositions and Interjections</i>; as
+<i>
+of me, to us, for thee, with her, from them, against whom, O me!
+</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of the
+</i>
+POINTS
+<i>
+or
+</i>
+PAUSES.
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">
+T</span><span class="caps">he
+</span>
+<i>
+Points
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Pauses
+</i>
+have a Sort of musical Proportion.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Period
+</i>
+is marked thus (.)&#8212;&#8212;Its
+<i>
+Time
+</i>
+is equal to two
+<i>
+Colons
+</i>
+and is never placed but at the End of a Sentence, the Sense of which is perfect and compleat; as
+<i>
+By me Kings reign, and Princes decree Justice.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[42]
+</span>
+The
+<i>
+Colon
+</i>
+is marked thus (:) &#8212;&#8212; Its
+<i>
+Time
+</i>
+is equal to two
+<i>
+Semicolons</i>, and is placed where the Sense seems to be perfect and compleat; but to which notwithstanding something may still be added; as
+<i>
+give Instruction to a wise Man, and he will be yet wiser: Teach a just Man and he will increase in Learning</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Semicolon
+</i>
+is marked thus (;) &#8212;&#8212; its
+<i>
+Time
+</i>
+is equal to two
+<i>
+Commas</i>, and is placed where the Sense is less compleat than the
+<i>
+Colon</i>, and more compleat than the
+<i>
+Comma</i>; as
+<i>
+a wise Man's Heart is at his right Hand; but a Fool's Heart is at his left</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Comma
+</i>
+is marked thus (,) &#8212;&#8212; It is the last and least
+<i>
+Pause
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+Time
+</i>
+that is made use of, and serves to distinguish the simple Numbers of a
+<i>
+Period</i>; as
+<i>
+arise, my Friend, and come away</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="section">
+<i>
+Of the other
+<span class="sc">
+Notes
+</span>
+or
+<span class="sc">
+Characters</span>.
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+A Note of
+<i>
+Interrogation
+</i>
+(?) is used when a Question is asked; as
+<i>
+who comes there?
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[43]
+</span>
+A Note of
+<i>
+Admiration
+</i>
+(!) is used after
+<i>
+Interjections
+</i>
+or
+<i>
+short Sentences
+</i>
+to express our Wonder and Surprize; as
+<i>
+O!
+</i>
+<i>
+O
+<span class="sc">
+Lord</span>!
+</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+A Parenthesis (<i>rarely made use of by a good Writer</i>) is used to inclose one Sentence within another.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Paragraph
+</i>
+is marked thus (&#182;) and denotes the beginning of a new Discourse.
+</p>
+<p>
+An (')
+<i>
+Apostrophe
+</i>
+is used when some Part of a Word is left out; as
+<i>
+Alexander's Horse</i>, for
+<i>
+Alexander his Horse</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+A
+<i>
+Hyphen
+</i>
+(-) is used to join together two Words, as
+<i>
+Foot-stool</i>,
+<i>
+&#38;c.
+</i>
+and is used also when part of a Word is written in one Line, and part in another.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Caret
+</i>
+is marked thus, (^) to shew where the Words in any Sentence that are left out, shou'd come in; as
+</p>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+the Lady
+<img src="images/007.jpg" alt="The word &quot;is&quot; cenntered above a caret" width="24" height="49">
+beautiful.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+[44]
+</span>
+The
+<i>
+Subdivision</i>, or part of a Chapter is marked usually thus, &#167;.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Index
+</i>
+points to some remarkable Passage thus,
+<img src="images/006.jpg" alt="Finger pointing to the right" width="55" height="30">
+</p>
+<p>
+A
+<i>
+Quotation
+</i>
+is a double
+<i>
+Comma
+</i>
+reverse and set against some Lines on the left side of a
+<i>
+Page</i>, to shew that they are quoted from another
+<i>
+Author</i>, thus, &#34;.
+</p>
+<p>
+The
+<i>
+Notes
+</i>
+that refer to the
+<i>
+Margin
+</i>
+are an
+<i>
+Asterisk
+</i>
+made thus, *, an
+<i>
+Obelisk
+</i>
+thus, &#8224;, also thus, ||.
+</p>
+<p>
+Besides these there are
+<i>
+literal Characters</i>,
+<i>
+numeral Characters</i>, and
+<i>
+Abbreviations</i>, the Knowledge of which is not so easily to be acquired by
+<span class="sc">
+Grammar
+</span>
+<i>
+Rules</i>, as by diligent Observation and Experience.
+</p>
+<br>
+<p class="ctr">
+<i>
+<big>
+The</big></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<big>E&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;N&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.
+</big>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Short System of English Grammar
+       For the Use of the Boarding School in Worcester (1759)
+
+Author: Henry Bate
+
+Release Date: October 22, 2008 [EBook #26991]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SYSTEM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Lindy Walsh and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+Short _System_
+
+OF
+
+English GRAMMAR.
+
+
+For the use of the
+
+BOARDING SCHOOL
+
+In WORCESTER.
+
+
+
+_By_ HENRY BATE _A. B._
+
+
+
+_Worcester:_ Printed by R. LEWIS,
+Bookseller, in _High-Street_.
+
+
+
+
+THE PREFACE.
+
+
+_Usage and Custom are the Rules and Measures of every_ Language, _and
+the Rules of_ GRAMMAR _have nothing more to do, than to teach it. The_
+GRAMMAR _is to be fashioned from the particular_ Language, _it treats
+of, and not the Language from the_ GRAMMAR. _For want of following this
+regular Plan, our Modern_ GRAMMARIANS_ have introduced the_ GRAMMAR
+Rules _of other_ Languages _into their own; as if all_ Language _was
+founded on_ GRAMMAR, _and the Rules in one_ Language _would serve the
+same End and Purpose in another._
+
+The Latin, _for Instance, has only_ eight Parts of Speech, _and the
+Writers of_ English GRAMMAR _have unthinkingly adopted the same Number;
+whereas with the Article, which the_ Latin _has not, and which is of
+great Service in a_ Language, _we have no less than nine. The_ Latin
+_admits of_ Cases; _but as different_ Cases, _properly speaking, are
+nothing more than the different Inflections and Terminations of Nouns_,
+English Nouns _have no_ Cases. _It is not agreeable to the Principles
+of_ GRAMMAR _to say that_--of a Rose--_is the Genitive Case of_--Rose,
+_or_--to a Rose, _the Dative; for_ of _and_ to _are no Part of the
+Word_ Rose, _but only_ prefix Particles _or_ Prepositions, _which shew
+the different Relation of the Word_ Rose. _So likewise when we say_
+Alexander's Horse, _the Word_ Alexander's _is not the Genitive Case of_
+Alexander; _for strictly speaking the_ 's _is no Part of the Word_
+Alexander _but the final Letter of the Pronoun Possessive_ his, _and
+without the_ Apostrophe _we shou'd read it thus;_ Alexander his Horse.
+_If any of the_ Parts of Speech _have_ Cases, _the_ Pronouns _have, and
+some of the_ Pronouns _may perhaps have_ two; _but for the Sake of
+making every Thing as easy as I can to the Learner, I have taken the
+Liberty of distinguishing such_ Pronouns _into_ Prefix _and_
+Subsequent, _and entirely laid aside_ Cases _as useless and
+unnecessary. The_ Latin _has_ Genders, _the_ Adjective _in that
+Language always varying to correspond with the_ Substantive; _but
+our_Adjectives _never vary, and therefore the Distinction of_ Genders
+_has nothing to do with_ English GRAMMAR, _but is idle, trifling,
+impertinent._
+
+EXPERIENCE _shews, that this Sort of pedantick Ignorance and Folly, has
+made that dark and obscure, which it was intended to elucidate, and
+unhappily puzzled and perplexed a great many more, than it has ever
+instructed. Every attempt to make_ English easy _must be fruitless,
+that is not formed upon a different Plan, and such is the following_
+short System of English GRAMMAR.
+
+
+
+
+A
+Short _System_
+OF
+English GRAMMAR.
+
+
+
+
+_Of_ GRAMMAR _and it's_ DIVISIONS.
+
+
+Grammar is the Science of Letters or Language, and is the Art of
+Speaking and Writing properly.
+
+It's Divisions are four;
+
+ORTHOGRAPHY        ANALOGY
+PROSODY            SYNTAX
+
+
+_Of_ ORTHOGRAPHY.
+
+Orthography comprehends _Writing_, and _Articulation_. _Articulation_
+treats of Simple Sounds, which are made by the Organs of Speech, and by
+which we communicate our Ideas and Sentiments to one another. _Writing_
+represents the Living Speech, and makes as it were these Sounds and
+Sentiments visible.
+
+
+_Of_ PROSODY.
+
+Prosody treats of Pronunciation with respect of _Accent_, _Time_, and
+_Quantity_. But as the Science of Letters, Sounds, and Pronunciation is
+instilled into the Minds of the English Youth very early in Life, and
+as this GRAMMAR is not intended for the Use of _Foreigners_, but for
+them; I shall not trifle away their Time, in teaching them, what they
+cannot be supposed to be unacquainted with; but proceed to the third
+Part of GRAMMAR called _Analogy_.
+
+
+_Of_ ANALOGY.
+
+Analogy is the mutual Relation, or Agreement of Words with one another,
+and treats of all the _Parts of Speech_, which in English are _nine_.
+
+_Article_    _Verb_          _Conjunction_
+_Noun_       _Participle_    _Preposition_
+_Pronoun_    _Adverb_        _Interjection_
+
+
+_Of An_ ARTICLE.
+
+An Article is a _Part of Speech_ put before _Nouns_ to ascertain and
+fix their Vague Signification. There are three Articles, _a_, _an_, and
+_the_. _A_ and _an_ are Indefinite Articles and applied to Persons or
+Things indifferently; as _an Oyster_, _a Prince_. The Article _the_
+distinguishes individually or particularly; as _the Oyster_, _the
+Prince_.
+
+
+_Of a_ NOUN.
+
+A Noun is a _Part of Speech_ which expresses the Subject spoke of; as
+_Ink_, _Paper_, _Witness._
+
+A Noun is either _Substantive_, or _Adjective_.
+
+A Noun _Substantive_ is the Name of a Thing considered simply in
+itself, and without any Regard to it's Qualities; as _a Man_, _a
+Woman_, _a Child_.
+
+
+A Noun _Adjective_ is a Word added to the _Noun Substantive_,
+expressing the Circumstance or Quality thereof; as _a good Man_, _an
+old Woman_, _a young Child_.
+
+
+_Of a_ PRONOUN.
+
+A Pronoun is a _Part of Speech_ substituted in the Place of a _Noun_,
+to avoid the frequent and disagreeable Repetition of the same Word; as
+_the Bird_ is joyous, _he_ chirps, _he_ sings; which without the
+_Pronoun_ wou'd be thus; _the Bird_ is joyous, _the Bird_ chirps, _the
+Bird _ sings.
+
+PRONOUNS PERSONAL.
+
+_I_       _He_            _Myself_      _I myself_
+_Me_      _Him_           _Yourself_    _You yourself_
+_You_     _She_           _Thyself_     _Thou thyself_
+_Thou_    _Her_           _Himself_     _He himself_
+_Thee_    _One's self_    _Herself_     _She herself_
+
+PRONOUNS RELATIVE.
+
+_Who_, _whose_, _whom_, _what_, _which._
+
+PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVE.
+
+_This_, _that._
+
+PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE.
+
+_My_      _Ours_     _Your_     _Theirs_
+_Mine_    _Thy_      _Yours_    _Her_
+_Our_     _Thine_    _His_      _Hers_
+
+
+_Of_ NUMBER.
+
+Number expresses the Difference betwixt one Thing and many, and is
+either _Singular_ or _Plural_.
+
+When a Thing is considered as single, or a Multitude of Things
+considered as united together, it is of the _Singular Number_; as _a
+Man_, _a Troop_.
+
+When several Things are considered as distinct from each other it is of
+the _Plural Number_, as _Men_, _Soldiers_.
+
+The _Plural_ is usually formed in _Noun Substantives_ by adding _s_ to
+the _Singular_; as _Article Articles_, _Noun Nouns_.
+
+But when the Pronunciation requires it, or when the _Singular_ ends in
+_s_, _x_, _sh_, or _ch_, the _Plural_ is usually formed by adding the
+Syllable _es_; as _Ass Asses_, _Fox Foxes_, _Sash Sashes_, _Church
+Churches_.
+
+When the _Singular_ ends in _f_ or _fe_, the _Plural_ is usually form'd
+by changing the _f_ or _fe_ into _ves_; as _Wife Wives_, _Self Selves_.
+
+Sometimes the _Plural_ is formed by adding the Syllable _en_; as _Ox
+Oxen_; sometimes by changing the _Vowel_; as _Man Men_; and sometimes
+the _Vowels and Consonants_; as _Penny Pence_, _Mouse Mice_, _Louse
+Lice_.
+
+Some of the _Pronouns_ form their _Plural_ very irregular; as _I We_,
+_Me Us_, _Thou Ye_, _Thee You_, _He They_, _Him Them_, _She They_, _Her
+Them_.
+
+Some _Nouns_ have no _Singular Number_; as _Scissors_, the
+_East-Indies_, the _West-Indies_.
+
+Some have no _Plural_; the Names of Kingdoms for Instance; as
+_England_, _Ireland_, _Portugal_.
+
+Cities, Towns and Villages; as _Worcester_, _Kinver_, _Hagley_.
+
+Seas, and Rivers; as the _Mediterranean_, _Severn_.
+
+_Wheat_, _Barley_, _Gold_, _Silver_, _Pewter_, and a great many Words,
+that cannot be reduced to any Rule want the _Plural Number_; as _Ale_,
+_Beer_, _Bread_, _Butter_, _Honey_, _Milk_, _Hunger_, _Thirst_,
+_Drunkenness_.
+
+The Termination of some _Nouns_ is the same both in the _Singular_ and
+_Plural_; as _a Sheep_, _a Swine_, a Flock of _Sheep_, a Herd of
+_Swine_, &c.
+
+
+_Of_ COMPARISON.
+
+Comparison is the comparing the different Circumstances of Persons or
+Things with each other, and serves to alter the Signification of a
+Word, either by a gradual Increase, or a gradual Diminution; as _long
+longer longest_, _short shorter shortest_.
+
+ADJECTIVES, _Adverbs_, and _Substantives_, have three Degrees of
+Comparison, the _Positive_, the _Comparative_, and the _Superlative_.
+
+The _Positive_ lays down the Natural Signification simply and without
+excess or Diminution; as _long_, _short_, _often_.
+
+The _Comparative_ raises or lowers the _Positive_ in Signification, and
+is formed of the _Positive_ by adding the Syllable _er_; as _long
+longer_, _short shorter_, _often oftener_.
+
+The _Superlative_ raises or lowers the Signification as much as
+possible, and if formed of the _Positive_ by adding the Syllable _est_;
+as _long longest_, _short shortest_, _often oftenest_.
+
+Sometimes they are compared by the _Adverbs_ _very, infinitely_; and
+the _Adjectives_ _more, most_; _less, least_; as _long, very long,
+infinitely long_; _short, more short, most short_; _commonly, less
+commonly, least commonly_.
+
+These _Adjectives_ deviate from the general Rule, _good better best_,
+_bad worse worst_, _little less least_, _much more most_.
+
+SUBSTANTIVES are compared by the _Adjectives_ _more, most_, the Words
+_than_, or _that_, always following; as a Dunce, _more_ a Dunce _than_
+I or me, the _most_ a Dunce _that_ ever I did see.
+
+
+_Of a_ VERB.
+
+A Verb is a _Part of Speech_, which serves to express, what we affirm
+of, or attribute to any Subject, and is either _Active_ or _Passive_.
+
+A Verb _Active_ is that which expresses an _Action_; as _I kick_, _I
+see_.
+
+A Verb _Passive_ is that which receives the _Action_ or expresses the
+_Passion_; as _I am kick'd_, _I am seen_.
+
+A Verb has two _Numbers_ the _Singular_ and the _Plural_; and three
+_Persons_ in each _Number_; as _I am, thou art, he is_. _We are, ye
+are, they are._
+
+The same is to be observed in every _Mood_ and in every _Tense_ but in
+the _Infinitive_, which has neither _Number_ nor Person.
+
+
+_Of_ MOODS.
+
+A mood is the Manner of _conjugating Verbs_ agreeably to the different
+Actions or Affections to be expressed.
+
+There are _four Moods_, the _Indicative_, the _Imperative_, the
+_Conjunctive_, and the _Infinitive._
+
+The _Indicative Mood_ expresseth the _Action_ or _Passion_ simply
+directly and absolutely; as _I love, I have loved, I will love_.
+
+The _Imperative_ commands or forbids; as _come_, _go_, _begone_.
+
+The _Conjunctive_ expresses the _Action_ or _Passion_ conditionally and
+is always joined with the _Indicative_, or the same _Mood_; as _I will
+love you, if you wou'd love me_; _I wou'd dance, if you wou'd dance_.
+
+The _Infinitive_ expresses the _Action_ or _Passion_ indeterminately
+without any Regard to _Time_, _Place_, _Number_, or _Person_; as _to
+love, to be loved_.
+
+
+_Of the_ TENSES.
+
+Tense is an Inflection of Verbs, whereby they are made to signify, and
+distinguish the Circumstance of _Time_.
+
+There are _five Tenses_, _the Present Tense_, _the Preterimperfect_,
+_the Preterperfect_, _the Preterpluperfect_, and _the Future_.
+
+1. The _Present Tense_ expresses the Time, that now is; as _I sup_.
+
+2. The _Preterimperfect Tense_ denotes the historical Relation of a
+past Action, but yet not perfectly compleated, when joined to another
+Action that is perfectly compleated; as _when or while I supped he came
+in_.
+
+3. The _Preterperfect Tense_ expresses the Time Past perfectly; as _I
+have supped_.
+
+4. The _Preterpluperfect Tense_ expresses the Time Past doubly; as _I
+had supped_.
+
+5. The _Future Tense_ expresses the Time to come; as _I shall sup, I
+will sup_.
+
+
+_Of the_ CONJUGATION.
+
+Conjugation is the Variation of Verbs through all their _Moods and
+Tenses_; and the English Verbs are chiefly conjugated by _auxiliary
+Signs_; as _to love_; or by _auxiliary Verbs_; as _I am loved, I have
+loved_.
+
+
+_Of the_ AUXILIARY SIGNS.
+
+The _auxiliary Signs_ are Words that serve to express the Variations of
+the _Verb_.
+
+The _Imperative Mood_ has the _Signs_ _do, let_; as--_do thou love, let
+him love_.
+
+The _Infinitive Mood_ has the _Signs_ _to, about_; as _to love, about
+to love_.
+
+The other _Moods_ have the _auxiliary Signs_ following.
+
+_Singular_
+
+1st _Person_ { I do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall, _or_ will.
+
+2d _Person_  { Thou do'st, did'st, must,
+             { may'st, can'st, might'st,
+             { wou'd'st, cou'd'st, shou'd'st,
+             { shalt _or_ wilt.
+
+3d _Person_  { He does, or do'th, did, must,
+             { may, can, might, wou'd,
+             { cou'd, shou'd, shall, _or_
+             { will.
+
+_Plural_
+
+1st _Person_ { We do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall, _or_ will.
+
+2d _Person_  { Ye do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall _or_ will.
+
+3d _Person_  { They do, did, must, may,
+             { can, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+             { shou'd, shall _or_ will.
+
+
+_Of the_ AUXILIARY VERBS.
+
+The _auxiliary Verbs_ are only two, _to Have_ and _to Be_; which cannot
+be conjugated without the _auxiliary Signs_, and without the reciprocal
+Assistance of each other.
+
+_To HAVE._
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have; thou hast; he hath, _or_ has. _Plur._ We have; ye have;
+they have.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had; thou hadst; he had. _Plur._ We had; ye had; they had.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have had; thou hast had; he hath, _or_ has had. _Plur._ We
+have had; ye have had; they have had.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had had; thou hadst had; he had had. _Plur._ We had had; ye
+had had; they had had.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, or will have; thou shalt, or wilt have; he shall, _or_
+will have. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have; ye shall, _or_ will have;
+they shall, _or_ will have.
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_.
+
+_Sing._ Let me have; do thou have, _or_ have thou; let him have.
+_Plur._ Let us have; do ye have, _or_ have ye; let them have.
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can have; thou may'st, _or_ can'st have; he may,
+_or_ can have.
+
+_Plur._ We may, _or_ can have; ye may, or can have; they may, _or_ can
+have.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have; thou must,
+might'st, woud'st, coud'st, _or_ shoud'st have; he must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd have; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have; they must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have had; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+have had; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st had had; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had; _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+had had; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd had had.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have had; thou shalt, _or_ wilt have had; he
+shall, _or_ will have had; _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have had; ye
+shall, _or_ will have had; they shall, _or_ will have had.
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to have
+_Perfect_ ---- to have had
+_Future_ ---- about to have.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- having
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having had.
+
+
+_To BE._
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I am; thou art; he is. _Plur._ We are; ye are; they are.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I was; thou wast; he was; _Plur._ We were; ye were; they were.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have been; thou hast been; he hath been. _Plur._ We have
+been; ye have been; they have been.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had been; thou hadst been; he had been. _Plur._ We had been;
+ye had been; they had been.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will be; thou shalt, _or_ wilt be; he shall, _or_
+will be. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will be; ye shall, _or_ will be; they
+shall, _or_ will be.
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_.
+
+_Sing._ Let me be; do thou be, _or_ be thou; let him be. _Plur._ Let us
+be; do ye be, _or_ be ye; let them be.
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can be; thou may'st, _or_ canst be; he may, _or_
+can be. _Plur._ We may, _or_ can be; ye may, _or_ can be; they may,
+_or_ can be.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st be; he must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd be. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd be; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be; they must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have been; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd, have been. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+have been; they must, might, wou'd cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been; thou
+must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st, have had been; he
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been. _Plur._ We must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been; ye must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd have had been.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have been; thou shalt, _or_ wilt have been;
+he shall _or_ will have been. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have been; ye
+shall, _or_ will have been; they shall, _or_ will have been.
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to be
+_Preterperfect_ ---- to have been
+_Future_ ---- about to be.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- being
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having been.
+
+
+_Of_ REGULAR VERBS.
+
+Regular _Verbs_ are those that are _conjugated_ by some established
+Rules.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _Infinitive Mood Present Tense, of the Verb
+Active, in regular Verbs_, is always the same as the _first Person_ of
+the _Indicative Mood Present Tense singular_; as _to love, I love_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _second Person Singular_ is formed out of the
+_first_ by adding _st_ or _est_; as _I love, thou loves_t; _I read,
+thou readest_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _third Person singular_ is formed out of the
+_first_ by adding _th_ or _eth_; as _I love, he loveth, I read, he
+readeth_; or only by adding _s_; as _he loves, he reads_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _first Person Preterimperfect Tense singular_,
+is formed out of the _first Person Present Tense singular_ by adding
+the Syllable _ed_; as _I love, I loved_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _Participle Present of the Verb Active_, is
+always formed out of the _first Person Present_ by adding the Syllable
+_ing_; as _I love_, _loving_.
+
+The _Termination_ of the _Preterimperfect, the Preterperfect, and the
+Preterpluperfect of the Indicative Mood; and the Preterperfect, the
+Preterpluperfect and the Future of the Conjunctive, and the Participle
+Passive_ is in regular Verbs the same; as _I loved, I have loved, I had
+loved, I may have loved, I might have loved, I shall have loved, I am
+loved_. And
+
+The _Termination_ of every other _Tense, Number or Person_, is the same
+with the _Infinitive_.
+
+
+_Of a_ VERB ACTIVE.
+
+A Verb _Active regular_ is conjugated by the _auxiliary Signs, the
+auxiliary Verbs_, and the general Rules foregoing.
+
+_To LOVE._
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I love, _or_ do love; thou lovest, _or_ dost love; he loveth,
+_or_ loves, _or_ doth love. _Plur._ We love, _or_ do love; ye love,
+_or_ do love; they love, _or_ do love.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I loved, _or_ did love; thou loved'st, _or_ did'st love; he
+loved, _or_ did love. _Plur._ we loved, _or_ did love; ye loved, _or_
+did love; they loved, _or_ did love.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I have loved; thou hast loved; he hath loved, _or_ has loved.
+_Plur._ We have loved; ye have loved; they have loved.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I had loved; thou hadst loved; he had loved. _Plur._ We had
+loved; ye had loved; they had loved.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will love; thou shalt, _or_ wilt love; he shall,
+_or_ will love. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will love; ye shall, _or_ will
+love; they shall, _or_ will love.
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_.
+
+_Sing._ Let me love; do thou love, _or_ love thou; let him love.
+_Plur._ Let us love; do ye love, _or_ love ye; let them love.
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can love; thou may'st, or can'st love; he may, _or_
+can love. _Plur._ We may, _or_ can love; ye may, _or_ can love; they
+may, _or_ can love.
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st love; he must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love. _Plur._ We must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+_or_ shou'd love; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love; they
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd love.
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have loved; thou must,
+might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have loved; he must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have loved. _Plur._ We must, might,
+wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have loved; ye must, might, wou'd, cou'd,
+_or_ shou'd have loved; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd
+have loved.
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved; thou
+must, might'st, wou'd'st, cou'd'st, _or_ shou'd'st have had loved; he
+must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved. _Plur._ We must,
+might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved; ye must, might, wou'd,
+cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had loved; they must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_
+shou'd have had loved.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have loved; thou shalt, _or_ wilt have
+loved; he shall, or will have loved. _Plur._ We shall, _or_ will have
+loved; ye shall, _or_ will have loved; they shall, _or_ will have
+loved.
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to love
+_Preterperfect_ ---- to have loved
+_Future_ ---- about to love.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- loving
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having loved.
+
+
+_Of a_ VERB PASSIVE.
+
+The _Verb Passive_ is nothing more than the _Participle Passive_ joined
+to the _Auxiliary Verb to be_; as
+
+INDICATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense_ I am loved; _&c._
+_Preterimperfect_ I was loved; _&c._
+_Preterperfect_ I have been loved; _&c._
+_Preterpluperfect_ I had been loved; _&c._
+_Future_ I shall or will be loved; _&c._
+
+IMPERATIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ and _Future_. Let me be loved _&c._
+
+CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I may, _or_ can be loved; thou _&c._
+
+_Preterimperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd be loved; thou _&c._
+
+_Preterperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have been loved; thou
+_&c._
+
+_Preterpluperfect Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I must, might, wou'd, cou'd, _or_ shou'd have had been loved;
+thou _&c_.
+
+_Future Tense._
+
+_Sing._ I shall, _or_ will have been loved; thou _&c._
+
+INFINITIVE MOOD.
+
+_Present_ ---- to be loved
+_Preterperfect_ ---- to have been loved
+_Future_ ---- about to be loved.
+
+PARTICIPLES.
+
+_Present_ ---- being loved
+_Preterperfect_ ---- having been loved.
+
+
+_Of a_ PARTICIPLE.
+
+A Participle is a _Part of Speech_, which partaketh of a _Verb_ and a
+_Noun_. When it has a Relation to Time it may be considered as a
+_Verb_; but when it is joined to a _Substantive_ or admits of
+_Comparison_, it may be considered as an _Adjective_.
+
+When the _termination_ of the _Participle Passive_ is not formed by
+adding the Syllable _ed_ to the _first Person_ of the _Indicative Mood
+Present Tense Singular_; or when the _Termination_ of the _Participle
+Passive_ differs from the _Termination of the Preter Tenses_, the
+_Verb_ becomes _irregular_; but in all other Respects is conjugated as
+the regular Verb; as I abide, thou abidest, &c.
+
+_Pres. Tense._     _Preter._     _Participle Passive._
+
+     Abide           Abode               Abode
+     Bite            Bit                 Bitten
+     Catch           Caught              Catched
+     Do              Did                 Done
+     Eat             Eat                 Eaten
+     Fall            Fell                Fallen
+     Get             Got                 Gotten
+     Hold            Held                Holden
+     Know            Knew                Known
+     Lie             Lay                 Laid
+     Make            Made                Made
+     Rise            Rose                Risen
+     Shine           Shone               Shined
+     Tread           Trod                Trodden
+     Weave           Wove                Woven
+     _&c._           _&c._               _&c._
+
+To these may be added the _Auxiliary Verbs_ ---- _To Have, and to Be_.
+
+
+_Of an_ ADVERB.
+
+An Adverb is a _Part of Speech_ joined to a _Verb_, a _Noun Substantive_,
+an _Adjective_ or _Participle_, and sometimes to another _Adverb_, to
+express the Manner or Circumstance of the Thing signified; as _he
+speaks properly_, _an orderly Man_, _truly good_, _extreamly loving_,
+_very devoutly_.
+
+Adverbs are very numerous, and have Relation to
+
+Time; as _now_, _lately_, _always_.
+
+Place; as _here_, _there_, _no-where_.
+
+Order; as _by Turns_, _abreast_, _orderly_.
+
+Quantity; as _enough_, _more_, _entirely_.
+
+Number; as _once_, _twice_, _thrice_.
+
+Dobting; as _perhaps_, _may be_, _peradventure_.
+
+Asking; as _why?_ _whence?_ _wherefore?_.
+
+Affirmation; as _yes_, _indeed_, _certainly_.
+
+Negation; as _no_, _never_, _not at all_.
+
+Comparison; as _more_, _less_, _likewise_.
+
+Quality; as _justly_, _prudently_, _indifferently_.
+
+
+_Of a_ CONJUNCTION.
+
+A Conjunction is _a Part of Speech_, which serves to connect and join
+the several Parts of a Discourse together, and is of various Kinds.
+
+Copulative; _as and_, _also_, _moreover_.
+
+Disjunctive; _as or_, _neither_, _whether_.
+
+Adversative; _as but_, _yet_, _notwithstanding_.
+
+Conditional; _as if_, _unless_, _provided_.
+
+Casual; _as for_, _because_, _forasmuch_.
+
+Conclusive; _as then_, _so that_, _therefore_.
+
+
+_Of a_ PREPOSITION.
+
+A Preposition is _a Part of Speech_, that serves to express the
+particular Relation and Circumstance of some other _Part of Speech_,
+and is either used in _Apposition_, as _in Heaven_; or in
+_Composition_, as _Invisible_.
+
+PREPOSITIONS _used in_ APPOSITION.
+
+Above        between        of
+about        betwixt        on
+after        beyond         over
+against      by             through
+among        for            throughout
+amongst      from           towards
+at           in             under
+before       into           unto
+behind       near           upon
+beneath      near to        with
+below        nigh           within
+beside       nigh to        without.
+
+PREPOSITIONS _used in_ COMPOSITION.
+
+A-base                ap-point
+ab-use                as-certain
+abs-tract             at-taint
+ac-commodate          be-friend
+ad-apt                circum-ambient
+af-fix                co-adjutor
+after-noon            com-pound
+amphi-theatre         com-plot
+ante-date             con-strain
+anti-christ           contra-diction
+an-archy              counter-balance.
+de-camp               op-pression
+Dis-appoint           over-reach
+dif-fusive            out-landish
+di-minish             per-form
+e-mission             post-master
+em-brace              pre-eminence
+en-close              preter-natural
+es-say                pro-long
+ex-terminate          re-gain
+extra-ordinary        retro-grade
+for-bear              sub-join
+fore-see              super-fine
+im-perfect            trans-migration
+in-glorious           un-worthy
+inter-view            under-written
+intro-duction         up-right
+ob-noxious            with-draw
+off-spring            _&c._, _&c._, _&c._
+
+
+_Of an_ INTERJECTION.
+
+An Interjection _is a Part of Speech_, that serves to express some
+sudden Motion or Passion of the Mind, transported with the Sensation of
+Pleasure or Pain.
+
+Of Pleasure; as, _O brave!_ _O Heavens! O Joy!_
+
+Of Pain; as _Alas! O my God! O Lord!_
+
+INTERJECTIONS _of a_ lower Order.
+
+Of Caution; as, _hold! take Care!_
+
+Of Admiration; as, _see! look! behold!_
+
+Of Aversion; as, _fie! away you Fool!_
+
+Of Silence; as, _be still! Silence!_
+
+
+_Of_ SYNTAX.
+
+Syntax is the Manner of constructing one Word with another prescribed
+by the _Rules of_ GRAMMAR.
+
+RULE 1st.
+
+The Article _a_ is usually placed before a Word that begins with a
+_Consonant_, the Article _an_ before a Word that begins with a _Vowel_,
+and either _a_ or _an_ before a Word that begins with an _h_; and the
+Article _the_, before a Word that begins either with a _Vowel_ or a
+_Consonant_; as, _a Christian_, _an Infidel_, _a Heathen_, or _an
+Heathen_; _the Christian_, _the Infidel_, _the Heathen_.
+
+RULE 2d.
+
+A Noun _Substantive_ is usually placed after its _Noun Adjective_; as
+the _Second Chapter_, a _great Man_. But sometimes for the Sake of
+greater Distinction the _Adjective_ is placed after, with the Article
+_the_ before it, as _George the Second_, _Peter the Great_. In _Poetry_
+the _Adjective_ is placed either before or after its _Substantive_
+indifferently, as the Versification requires it.
+
+RULE 3d.
+
+All _Nouns and Pronouns_ are of the _third Person_ except _I and we_,
+which are of the _first Person_, and _Thou, you and ye_, which are of
+the _Second Person_; and except the _Relative Pronouns_ which are
+always of the _same Person_ with the _Personal Pronoun_ to which they
+relate; as _I love, thou lovest, he loveth; I who love, Thou who
+lovest, he who loveth_.
+
+RULE 4th.
+
+The _prefix Pronouns_, _I, we, thou, you, ye, he, she, they, who_, are
+usually placed before the _Verb_; and the _Subsequent Pronouns_, _me,
+us, thee, him, her, them, whom_, are usually placed after; as _I love
+the Dog, the Dog loves me_. But when a _Question_ is asked, or when the
+_Verb_ is of the _Imperative Mood_, or in short Sentences, the _prefix
+Pronouns_ are usually placed after; as _lovest thou me? love thou
+thyself, said he, said they_.
+
+RULE 5th.
+
+When a Question is asked, and the _Verb_ has an _Auxiliary Sign_, or an
+_Auxiliary Verb_, the _governing Noun_ or _Pronoun_ is placed
+immediately after such _Auxiliary_; as _does the Sun shine? has he
+washed his Hands?_ And when the _Verb_ has two or more _Auxiliaries_,
+the _Noun or Pronoun_ is placed after the first; as _have I been
+taught? Cou'd the Truth have been known?_
+
+RULE 6th.
+
+The _Verb_ agrees with its _governing Noun_, _Pronoun Personal_, or
+_Pronoun Relative_, in _Number_ and _Person_; as _the Birds sing_,
+_thou lovest_, _he who loveth_.
+
+RULE 7th.
+
+A NOUN of _Multitude_ may have a _Verb_ either _Singular_ or _Plural_;
+as _the People is mad_, or _the People are mad_.
+
+But if a _Substantive_ of the same Signification follows, that is not a
+_Noun of Multitude_, then the _Verb_ is always Plural; as we do not say
+_the People is a mad Man_, but _the People are mad Men_.
+
+RULE 8th.
+
+Two or more _Nouns_ or _Pronouns Singular_, will have a _Verb Plural_;
+as _the Dog and Cat are very loving_. But when two or more
+_Substantives Singular_ signify the same _Thing_ or _Person_, or when
+the _Preposition_ OF intervenes, the _Verb_ is always _Singular_; as
+_the River Severn is Navigable._ _William the Conqueror was a great
+Man._ _This System of Grammar is compendious_.
+
+RULE 9th.
+
+The _subsequent Pronouns_ are usually placed after _Prepositions and
+Interjections_; as _of me, to us, for thee, with her, from them,
+against whom, O me!_
+
+
+_Of the_ POINTS _or_ PAUSES.
+
+The _Points_ or _Pauses_ have a Sort of musical Proportion.
+
+The _Period_ is marked thus (.)----Its _Time_ is equal to two _Colons_
+and is never placed but at the End of a Sentence, the Sense of which is
+perfect and compleat; as _By me Kings reign, and Princes decree
+Justice._
+
+The _Colon_ is marked thus (:) ---- Its _Time_ is equal to two
+_Semicolons_, and is placed where the Sense seems to be perfect and
+compleat; but to which notwithstanding something may still be added; as
+_give Instruction to a wise Man, and he will be yet wiser: Teach a just
+Man and he will increase in Learning_.
+
+The _Semicolon_ is marked thus (;) ---- its _Time_ is equal to two
+_Commas_, and is placed where the Sense is less compleat than the
+_Colon_, and more compleat than the _Comma_; as _a wise Man's Heart is
+at his right Hand; but a Fool's Heart is at his left_.
+
+The _Comma_ is marked thus (,) ---- It is the last and least _Pause_ or
+_Time_ that is made use of, and serves to distinguish the simple
+Numbers of a _Period_; as _arise, my Friend, and come away_.
+
+
+_Of the other NOTES or CHARACTERS._
+
+A Note of _Interrogation_ (?) is used when a Question is asked; as _who
+comes there?_
+
+A Note of _Admiration_ (!) is used after _Interjections_ or _short
+Sentences_ to express our Wonder and Surprize; as _O!_ _O LORD!_
+
+A Parenthesis (_rarely made use of by a good Writer_) is used to
+inclose one Sentence within another.
+
+The _Paragraph_ is marked thus (¶) and denotes the beginning of a new
+Discourse.
+
+An (') _Apostrophe_ is used when some Part of a Word is left out; as
+_Alexander's Horse_, for _Alexander his Horse_.
+
+A _Hyphen_ (-) is used to join together two Words, as _Foot-stool_,
+_&c._ and is used also when part of a Word is written in one Line, and
+part in another.
+
+The _Caret_ is marked thus, (^) to shew where the Words in any Sentence
+that are left out, shou'd come in; as
+
+           is
+_the Lady  ^  beautiful._
+
+
+The _Subdivision_, or part of a Chapter is marked usually thus, Sec..
+
+
+The _Index_ points to some remarkable Passage thus, Index finger,
+pointing to the right].
+
+A _Quotation_ is a double _Comma_ reverse and set against some Lines on
+the left side of a _Page_, to shew that they are quoted from another
+_Author_, thus, ".
+
+The _Notes_ that refer to the _Margin_ are an _Asterisk_ made thus, *,
+an _Obelisk_ thus, [Dagger symbol], also thus, ||.
+
+Besides these there are _literal Characters_, _numeral Characters_, and
+_Abbreviations_, the Knowledge of which is not so easily to be acquired
+by GRAMMAR _Rules_, as by diligent Observation and Experience.
+
+
+_The_ END.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's A Short System of English Grammar, by Henry Bate
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SYSTEM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR ***
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