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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26898] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 313 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page313"></a>{313}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 78.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 26. 1851.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price, Sixpence.<br />Stamped Edition 7d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>On the Proposed Record of Existing Monuments</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page313">313</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IV.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page315">315</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir Balthazar Gerbier, + by Dr. E. F. Rimbault</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page317">317</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare and Fletcher, by Samuel Hickson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page318">318</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Illustrations of Tennyson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page319">319</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Folk Lore:—Sacramental Wine—Cure of Disease by means + of Sheep</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page320">320</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ancient Inedited Ballads, No. IV., by K. R. H. Mackenzie</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page320">320</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poetical Coincidences, &c., by T. C. Smith</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page320">320</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Republic of San Marino, by Sydney Smirke</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page321">321</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>St. Francis</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page321">321</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Notes:—Charles Lamb's Epitaph—M. or N. + —Henry VIII. and Sir T. Curwen—Periodical Literature, + 1707—Archbishop Sancroft—Sir Henry Slingsby—Origin + of a Surname—Madden's Reflections</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page322">322</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Bellman, and his History</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page324">324</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Was Sallustius a Lecturer?—Connexion between Sallustius and + Tacitus, by K. R. H. Mackenzie</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page325">325</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Outer Temple, by Edward Foss</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page325">325</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bibliographical Queries</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page326">326</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Dutch Books published out of the Netherlands</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page326">326</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>What was the Country of the Angles?</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page326">326</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Queries:—Villenage—Roman Roads near + London—Mrs. Catherine Barton—Sempecta at Croyland + —Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis—Roman + Medicine-stamps—Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the Royal + Navy—Wooden Baldrocks—Thanksgiving-book —History of + the Jesuits—Mind your P's and Q's —Mode of hiring + Domestic Servants in Holderness + —Sittings—Fest—Home-made Wines—Inscription on + a Clock—Inscription of the Tomb of Peter the Hermit—Wife + of James Torre—"The Bear's Bible"—Harris, Painter in + Water-Colours—University Hoods—"Nullis Fraus tuta + latebris"—Voltaire, where situated?—Table of Prohibited + Degrees —Launcelot Littleton—The Antediluvians</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page327">327</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries Answered</span>:—Wither's + Halelujah—Voltaire's Henriade—Christ-Cross + A.—Apple-pie Order—Spick and Span new—Theory of the + Earth's Form—Carolus Lawson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page330">330</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Haybands in Seals, by J. Burtt, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page331">331</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>North Side of Churchyards, by Rev. W. H. Kelke, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page332">332</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Rolliad, and some of its Writers, by J. H. Markland, + &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page333">333</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page335">335</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Snail-eating</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sir John Davies, Davis, or Davys, by W. H. Lammin</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Locke MSS., by Thomas Kerslake</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page337">337</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Replies to Minor Queries:—Defoe's + Anticipations—Epitaph in Hall's Discoveries—Saint Thomas + of Lancaster—Francis Moore, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page338">338</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page341">341</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>ON THE PROPOSED SUGGESTIONS FOR PRESERVING A +RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The following communications have reached us since the publication of + our remarks on the proposed <span class="sc">Monumentarium + Anglicanum</span> (No. 73. p. 217. et seq.). They serve to show how much + interest the subject has excited among those best qualified to judge of + the great utility of some well-organised plan for the preservation of a + record of our still existing monuments.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dunkin's</span> letter (which was accompanied by + a copy of the prospectus issued by him in 1844) claims precedence, as + showing the steps which <i>that</i> gentleman has already taken. It is a + communication highly creditable to his exertions in the cause, but does + not alter our views as to the practicability of any successful attempt to + accomplish this object by individual exertion.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In No. 73. Vol. iii. of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" + you have honoured me by an allusion to the <i>Monumenta Anglicana</i> I + have in the press, as "a plan which would have your hearty concurrence + and recommendation, if it were at all practicable; but which must fail + from its very vastness." It may be so; but the motto of my family is + <i>Essayez</i>. Every "gigantic scheme" must have a commencement, and + this "scheme," I am perfectly aware, is one "that no individual, however + varied in attainments and abilities, could without assistance hope to + achieve." My father, upwards of half a century since, commenced + collecting mortuary memorials; many of the monuments from which he copied + the inscriptions have since been destroyed by time, and many, very many, + more by the ruthless innovations of beautifying churchwardens. These + "very vast" collections—the labour of a life—however, only + form a portion of the materials I now posses; for since I issued my + prospectus in 1844, I have received many thousands of inscriptions and + rubbings of brasses from clergymen and others; and I trust I shall be + favoured with still further assistance, as in all cases where information + is rendered, the source whence derived shall be most thankfully and + freely acknowledged. <!-- Page 314 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page314"></a>{314}</span></p> + + <p>The plan I have adopted with regard to arrangement is to folio each + page three times, viz., i. each parish by itself; ii. each county; iii. + alphabetically; so that each parish can be considered complete in itself; + each county can be bound up by itself; or the whole alphabetically, + gazetteer-wise.</p> + + <p>The index will be also in three divisions,—i. general; ii. names + of places; iii. names of persons.</p> + + <p>With regard to the number of volumes,—I need not say that that + is entirely <i>in nubibus</i>. My impression is limited to seventy-five + copies, the same as my father's <i>Oxfordshire</i>, with which it + corresponds in size.</p> + + <p>I should have preferred seeing the government performing the task of + preserving manuscripts of all existing monuments; but it is the fashion + in Britain for government to leave all apparently national undertakings + to individual exertion. I will here conclude with a quotation from the + report I have just published of the Transactions at the Congress of the + British Archæological Association held in Worcester:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Lamentation is, however, worse than useless: the spirit of the age + forbids all idle mourning. If we would awaken a sympathy and interest in + our pursuits, we must gird up our loins like men, and be doing, and that + right earnestly; for it is hopeless any longer waiting for the + government, as a 'Deus ex machina,' to help us to rescue our antiquities + from destruction."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred John Dunkin</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>Our next is from a correspondent (who has favoured us with his name) + who proposes a scheme almost more extensive than that advocated by <span + class="sc">Mr. Dunkin</span>, but who differs from that gentleman by + recognising the necessity of combined endeavour to carry it out.</p> + +</div> + + <p>A few years since I propounded a scheme for an <i>Ecclesiologicon + Anglicanum</i>, or record of the history, not only architectural and + monumental, but also local and traditional, of every parish in England. + Though I had long conceived such a design, I must confess myself indebted + to some excellent remarks on the subject which appeared in the + <i>Ecclesiologist</i> (New Series, No. x., April 1846). Fully aware that + so stupendous a work could never be accomplished by any single + individual, I compiled a prospectus of my design, and invited the + co-operation of all antiquaries. I proposed to publish at intervals, and + in alphabetical order, the parishes of every county, and by dividing the + labour among different coadjutors, and giving to each a separate branch + of inquiry, thereby insuring, by successive revisions, a certainty of + correctness, I hoped to succeed in the undertaking. My project was, + however, laid aside by reason of other engagements; but, as I still think + it worthy of consideration, I have troubled you with these "Notes" in the + hope that, by publication in your pages, they may be the means of + suggesting to others interested in the matter the practicability of + carrying them out. Though with no definite object in view, but with a + presentiment of their after utility, I have, during many provincial + campaigns, collected architectural notes, as well as genealogical + memoranda, from the churches I have visited. To these, such as they are, + any of your readers is welcome, for the purposes to which I have + referred, and I know many who would gladly send their contributions to + such an undertaking.</p> + + <p class="author">W. J. D. R.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>Our next letter, though brief, is valuable as furnishing a case in + point, to prove the practical utility which would result from the + realisation of some well-considered scheme for the attainment of the + great national object which we are advocating.</p> + +</div> + + <p>As an instance of the practical use of such a collection, let me + inform your readers that in 1847, being engaged in an ejectment case on + the home circuit, it became most important to show the identity of a + young lady in the pedigree, the parish register of St. Christopher le + Stocks only giving the name and date of burial. I found that when St. + Christopher's was pulled down for the enlargement of the Bank of England, + some kind antiquary had copied all the monuments. The book was found at + the Herald's College; it contained an inscription proving the identity, + and a verdict was obtained.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. B.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Our last communication is, we have reason to believe, from an active + and zealous Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, who would heartily + co-operate in carrying out the practical suggestions thrown out in his + letter.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In Vol. iii, p. 218., you suggest that the Society of Antiquaries is + the body which should undertake the task of forming a record of existing + monuments in churches. Entirely agreeing in the opinion you have + expressed, I would venture to offer some remarks on the subject. The + undertaking is a vast and laborious one, and can only be effected by + great subdivision of labour.</p> + + <p>That the Society of Antiquaries is the fittest agent for the work, I + think admits of little doubt; its Fellows are widely spread throughout + the country. In every neighbourhood may be found one or more gentlemen + able and willing to give their aid, and to excite others to assist. The + Archæological Institute and the British Archæological Association would + doubtless add the weight of their influence, and the personal assistance + of their members.</p> + + <p>The clergy throughout the country would be able and willing labourers; + and surely these conjoined forces are adequate to the occasion.</p> + + <p>One consideration suggests itself, viz., whether <!-- Page 315 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page315"></a>{315}</span>the record be + confined to monuments in churches, or whether it should be extended to + those in churchyards? I think it should be so extended, + partially—that is, that <i>all</i> the monuments in churches should + be given; and such of the monuments in churchyards as, upon a careful + inspection, may appear to be in any way worthy of preservation. We do not + perhaps want the ten thousand "afflictions sore" which ten thousand John + Smiths are stated to have "long time bore."</p> + + <p>The inscriptions in churches should be accompanied with rubbings of + all brasses; and, as far as possible, with drawings of the most + interesting monuments.</p> + + <p>I am satisfied the thing can be done, if it be undertaken with + prudence, and continued with energy. The copies should be certified by + the signature of the person making them, and they should all be + transcribed on paper of the same description, so that they might be bound + in volumes.</p> + + <p>The expense would probably be considerable, because in some instances + paid labour might be requisite; but it would be as nothing compared with + the magnitude and importance of the result; and if, as is probable, the + Society of Antiquaries might hesitate at undertaking the whole charge, I + doubt not that many would contribute towards it, and amongst them</p> + + <p class="author">Q. D.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>A very slight consideration of the object which it is proposed to + accomplish, and the means by which it can be attained, will show that it + falls properly into three distinct operations, namely, Collection, + Preservation, and Publication.</p> + + <p>The first and most important is, the Collection of Materials. In this, + it is obvious, the co-operation of individuals well qualified for the + work may be secured in all parts of the country, provided some + well-defined plan of operation is furnished for their guidance, by some + recognised centre of union. A Committee of the Society of Antiquaries, + who should well consider and determine upon some uniform plan of + recording the inscriptions, &c., is clearly the body who, from their + position, could most effectually, and with the greatest propriety, issue + such circulars. That the Antiquaries would in this receive the support of + both the Archæological Societies, there cannot, of course, be any + doubt.</p> + + <p>And as we have in the Society of Antiquaries a machinery already + established for the proper collection of the materials, so we have an + existing and most appropriate place for their preservation in the British + Museum, where they may be consulted at all times, by all parties, with + the greatest facility, and free of charge.</p> + + <p>These two great points, then, of Collection and Preservation, it is + clear may be attained at an expense so inconsiderable, compared with the + benefits to be gained from their accomplishment, that we cannot believe + in their failure from want of funds.</p> + + <p>For the accomplishment of the third great end, that of Publication, + there is no existing machinery. But let the work of collection and + preservation be once fairly entered upon—let it be seen how + valuable a collection of materials has been gathered ready to the hand of + a Society which should undertake its publication, and there need be + little fear that from the supporters of the various Antiquarian, + Archæological, and Publishing Societies, now spread throughout the + country, there would be found plenty of good men and true ready to lend + their aid to the printings and publishing of the <span + class="sc">Monumentarium Anglicanum</span>.</p> + + <p>But as the first step is <span class="sc">Collection</span>—and + that step is the one in which the <span class="sc">Society of + Antiquaries</span> can best move, we trust that the present year, in + which this Society celebrates the centenary of its chartered existence, + will be signalised by its promotion of such a Record of Existing + Monuments as is here proposed; which cannot be otherwise + regarded—(and we use the words of the Society's Charter)—than + as "good, useful, honest, and necessary for the encouragement, + advancement, and furtherance of the study and knowledge of Antiquities + and the History of this Country."</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes</h2> + +<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IV.</h3> + + <p><i>The Pilgrimage to Canterbury.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whanne that April with his shoures sote</p> + <p>The droughte of March hath perced to the rote,</p> + <p>And bathed every veine in swiche licour</p> + <p>Of which vertue engendred is the flour;</p> + <p>When Zephyrus eke with his sote brethe</p> + <p>Enspired hath in every holt and hethe</p> + <p>The tendre croppes—and the yonge Sonne</p> + <p>Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne;</p> + <p> * * * *</p> + <p>Than longen folk to gon on pilgrimages—</p> + <p> * * * *</p> + <p> * * * *</p> + <p>Befelle, that in that seson, on a day."—<i>Prologue.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I quote these lines because I wish to show that Tyrwhitt, in taking + them as indicative of the very day on which the journey to Canterbury was + performed, committed a great mistake.</p> + + <p>The whole of the opening of the prologue, down to the line last + quoted, is descriptive, not of any particular day, but of the usual + season of pilgrimages; and Chaucer himself plainly declares, by the words + "in <i>that</i> seson, on <i>a</i> day"—that the day is <i>as + yet</i> indefinite. <!-- Page 316 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page316"></a>{316}</span></p> + + <p>But because Tyrwhitt, who, although an excellent literary critic, was + by no means an acute reader of his author's meaning, was incapable of + appreciating the admirable combination of physical facts by which Chaucer + has not only identified the real day of the pilgrimage, but has placed + it, as it were, beyond the danger of alteration by any possible + corruption in the text, he set aside these physical facts altogether, and + took in lieu of them the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue quoted + above, which, I contend, Chaucer did not intend to bear any reference to + the day of the journey itself, but only to the general season in which it + was undertaken.</p> + + <p>But Tyrwhitt, having seized upon a favourite idea, seems to have been + determined to carry it through, at any cost, even at that of altering the + text from "<i>the Ram</i>" into "<i>the Bull</i>:" and I fear that he can + scarcely be acquitted of unfair and intentional misquotation of Chaucer's + words, by transposing "his halfe cours" into "half his course," which is + by no means an equivalent expression. Here are his own words:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When he (Chaucer) tells us that 'the shoures of April had <i>perced + to the rote</i> the drought of March' (ver. 1, 2.), we must suppose, in + order to allow due time for such an operation, that April was far + advanced; while, on the other hand, the place of the sun, 'having just + run <i>half his course in the Ram</i>' (ver. 7, 8.), restrains us to some + day in the very latter end of March. This difficulty may, and, I think, + should, be removed by reading in ver. 8. the <span + class="sc">Bull</span>, instead of the <span class="sc">Ram</span>. All + the parts of the description will then be consistent with themselves, and + with another passage (ver. 4425.), where, in the best MSS., the <i>eighte + and twenty</i> day of April is named as the day of the journey to + Canterbury."—<i>Introductory Discourse.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Accordingly, Mr. Tyrwhitt did not hesitate to adopt in his text the + twenty-eighth of April as the true date, without stopping to examine + whether that day would, or would not, be consistent with the subsequent + phenomena related by Chaucer.</p> + + <p>Notwithstanding Tyrwhitt's assertion of a difficulty only removable by + changing the Ram into the Bull, there are no less than two ways of + understanding the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue so as to be + perfectly in accordance with the rest of the description. One of these + would be to suppose the sign Aries divided into two portions (not + necessarily <i>equal</i> in the phraseology of the time), one of which + would appertain to March, anal the other to April—and that Chaucer, + by the "halfe cours yronne," meant the <i>last</i>, or <i>the April</i>, + half of the sign Aries. But I think a more probable supposition still + would be to imagine the month of April, of which Chaucer was speaking, to + be divided into two "halfe cours," in one of which the sun would be in + Aries, and in the other in Taurus; and that when Chaucer says that "the + yonge Sonne had in the Ram his halfe cours yronne," he meant that the + <i>Aries half of the month of April</i> had been run through, thereby + indicating <i>in general terms</i> some time approaching to the middle of + April.</p> + + <p>Both methods of explaining the phrase lead eventually to the same + result, which is also identical with the interpretation of Chaucer's own + contemporaries, as appears in its imitation by Lydgate in the opening of + his "Story of Thebes:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whan bright Phebus passed was the Ram,</p> + <p>Midde of Aprill, and into the Bull came."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And it is by no means the least remarkable instance of want of + perception in Tyrwhitt, that he actually cites these two lines of + Lydgate's <i>as corroborative of his own interpretation</i>, which places + the sun <i>in the middle of Taurus</i>.</p> + + <p>I enter into this explanation, not that I think it necessary to + examine too curiously into the consistency of an expression which + evidently was intended only in a general sense, but that the + groundlessness of Tyrwhitt's alleged necessity for the alteration of "the + Ram" into "the Bull" might more clearly appear.</p> + + <p>I have said that Tyrwhitt was not a competent critic of Chaucer's + practical science, and I may perhaps be expected to point out some other + instance of his failure in that respect than is afforded by the subject + itself. This I may do by reference to a passage in "The Marchante's + Tale," which evinces a remarkable want of perception not only in + Tyrwhitt, but in all the editors of Chaucer that I have had an + opportunity of consulting.</p> + + <p>The morning of the garden scene is said in the text to be "er that + dayes eight were passed of the month of <i>Juil</i>"—but, a little + further on, the same day is thus described:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Bright was the day and blew the firmament,</p> + <p>Phebus of gold his stremes doun hath sent</p> + <p>To gladen every flour with his warmnesse;</p> + <p>He was that time in Geminis, I gesse,</p> + <p>But litel fro his declination</p> + <p>In Cancer."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>How is it possible that any person could read these lines and not be + struck at once with the fact that they refer to the 8th of <i>June</i> + and not to the 8th of <i>July</i>? The sun would leave Gemini and enter + Cancer on the 12th of June; Chaucer was describing the 8th, and with his + usual accuracy he places the sun "but litel fro" <i>the summer + solstice</i>!</p> + + <p>Since "Juil" is an error common perhaps to all previous editions, + Tyrwhitt might have been excused for repeating it, if he had been + satisfied with only that: but he must signalise <i>his edition</i> by + inserting in the Glossary attached to it—"<span + class="sc">Juil</span>, <i>the month of July</i>," referring, as the sole + <!-- Page 317 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page317"></a>{317}</span>authority for the word, to this very line + in question of "The Marchante's Tale!"</p> + + <p>Nor does the proof, against him in particular, end even there; he + further shows that his attention must have been especially drawn to this + garden scene by his assertion that Pluto and Proserpine were the + prototypes of Oberon and Titania; and yet he failed to notice a + circumstance that would have added some degree of plausibility to the + comparison, namely, that Chaucer's, as well as Shakspeare's, was a + <i>Midsummer Dream</i>.</p> + + <p>It is, perhaps, only justice to Urry to state that <i>he</i> appears + to have been aware of the error that would arise from attributing such a + situation of the sun to the month of July. The manner in which the lines + are printed in <i>his</i> edition is this:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"ere the dayis eight</p> + <p>Were passid, er' the month July befill."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is just possible to twist the meaning of this into <i>the eighth of + the Kalends of July</i>, by which the blunder would be in some degree + lessened; but such a reading would be as foreign to Chaucer's astronomy + as the lines themselves are to his poetry.</p> + + <p class="author">A. E. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Leeds, April 8. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE ACADEMIES OF SIR FRANCIS KYNASTON AND +SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.</h3> + + <p>Among the many interesting associations connected with old Covent + Garden and its neighbourhood, we ought not to overlook Sir Francis + Kynaston's "Museum Minervæ."</p> + + <p>In the year 1635, King Charles the First granted his letters patent to + Sir Francis Kynaston, "Esquire of the body to his Majesty," whereby a + house in Covent Garden, which Sir Francis had purchased, and furnished + with books, manuscripts, musical and mathematical instruments, paintings, + statues, antiques, &c., was appropriated for ever as a college for + the education of the young, nobility, and others, under the name of the + "Museum Minervæ." Sir Francis Kynaston was made the governor with the + title of "regent;" Edward May, Thomas Hunt, Nicholas Phiske, John + Spidell, Walter Salter, Michael Mason, fellows and professors of + philosophy and medicine, music, astronomy, geometry, languages, &c. + They had power to elect professors also of horsemanship, dancing, + painting, engraving, &c.; were made a body corporate, were permitted + to use a common seal, and to possess goods and lands in mortmain. (Pat. + 11 Car. pt. 8. No. 14.) In the following year, 1636, was published, + dedicated to the "Regent and Professors," <i>The Constitutions of the + Museum Minervæ; giving an Account of an Academy for teaching chiefly + Navigation, Riding, Fortification, Architecture, Painting, and other + useful Accomplishments</i>.</p> + + <p>The "Museum" seems to have been highly patronised, for we find that on + the 27th February, 1635 (the year of its foundation), Prince Charles, the + Duke of York, and the Lady Mary their sister, honoured it with their + presence to witness a masque, entitled "Corona Minervæ," which was + written and prepared for the occasion by Sir Francis Kynaston. This + masque was, I believe, printed in the year of its production, but I do + not find it mentioned in the last edition of the <i>Biographia + Dramatica</i>.</p> + + <p>Mr. Cunningham, in his <i>Handbook of London</i>, mentions (p. 42.) + that</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir Francis Kynaston, the poet, was living in Covent Garden in 1636, + on the east side of the street towards Berrie" (Bedfordbury).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And again, in his notice of Bedford Street (p. 44.), he says, Sir + Francis resided "on the west side in 1637." Both these entries refer to + the same residence—a noble mansion, built in the year 1594, which, + after being inhabited by several important families, finally passed into + the possession of Sir Francis Kynaston, who altered and adapted it + (rebuilding some portions) as the college of the "Museum Minervæ." The + ground plan, which is now before me, exhibits a well-arranged and + commodious building with two fronts, one in what is now Bedfordbury, and + the other (probably added by Sir Francis) in the street now called + Bedford Street. The building, when Sir Francis Kynaston purchased it in + 1634, stood in the centre of a large garden. The surrounding + streets,—King Street, New Street, Bedford Street, Chandos Street, + Henrietta Street, and Bedfordbury, were not commenced building until the + year 1637.</p> + + <p>The "Museum Minervæ" is not named in Mr. Cunningham's excellent + <i>Handbook</i>; but when we take into consideration the enormous amount + of information required for a work of the kind, we ought not to blame the + author for a few trifling omissions.</p> + + <p>Sir Balthazar Gerbier, an enterprising projector of the same century, + by profession a painter and an architect, but now scarcely remembered as + either, seems to have imitated the "Museum Minervæ" in an academy opened + at Bethnal Green in 1649. Here, in addition to the more common branches + of education, he professed to teach astronomy, navigation, architecture, + perspective, drawing, limning, engraving, fortification, fireworks, + military discipline, the art of well speaking and civil conversation, + history, constitutions and maxims of state, and particular dispositions + of nations, "riding the great horse," &c. Once in each week, at three + o'clock in the afternoon, Sir Balthazar gave a public lecture gratis on + the various sciences. The lectures were <!-- Page 318 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page318"></a>{318}</span>generally advertised in + the <i>Perfect Diurnal</i>, and a few curious specimens of these + advertisements may be seen in Lysons' <i>Environs of London</i>, ed. + 1795, vol. ii. p. 30.</p> + + <p>Balthazar Gerbier was born at Antwerp about 1591, came young into + England, and was a retainer of the Duke of Buckingham as early as 1613. + Upon the accession of Charles the First, he was employed in Flanders to + negociate privately a treaty with Spain. In 1628 he was knighted at + Hampton Court; and, as he says himself in one of his books, was promised + by the king the office of surveyor-general of the works, after the death + of Inigo Jones. In 1637 he was employed in some private transactions of + state; and on the 13th of July, 1641, he took the oaths of allegiance and + supremacy, having a bill of naturalisation. In 1648 he appears to have + projected the above-named academy, the failure of which very soon + happened. Sir Balthazar then went to America, where he seems to have been + very ill treated by the Dutch, and narrowly escaped with his life. He + afterwards returned to England, and designed the triumphal arch for the + reception of Charles the Second. He died at Hempsted-marshal, in 1667, + whilst engaged in superintending the mansion of Lord Craven, and was + buried in the chancel of that church.</p> + + <p>In conclusion, it may be as well to mention, that, prior to the + establishment of the "Museum Minervæ," a committee had been appointed in + the House of Lords, consisting of the Duke of Buckingham and others, for + taking into consideration the state of the public schools, and method of + education. What progress was made in this inquiry is not known, but in + all probability the academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir Balthazar + Gerbier owed their origin to the meetings of this committee.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE AND FLETCHER.</h3> + + <p>I feel greatly obliged to your correspondent C. B. for the attention + he has bestowed on the question of Fletcher's connexion with <i>Henry + VIII.</i>, as it is only through the concurrent judgments of those who + think the subject worthy of their full and impartial consideration, that + we can hope to arrive at the truth. His remarks (Vol. iii., p. 190.) are + the more valuable, as they coincide with a doubt in my own mind, which + has, to a great extent, ripened since I last communicated with you on the + subject; and, indeed, I have no need to hesitate in saying, that I had + more difficulty in coming to a conclusion with regard to the scene (Act + III. Sc. 2.) in which the passages occur quoted by C. B., than with any + other scene in the whole play. The suggestions, that Shakspeare might + have touched scenes of which the mass had been written by Fletcher, is a + point which I had not overlooked, and which indeed, to some extent, might + be said to follow from the view I took of the relation of Shakspeare and + Fletcher as master and scholar. Yet this suggestion is especially + valuable regarding this scene, and may account for that which, without + it, is not so easily explained.</p> + + <p>If, however, there be any lurking notion in your correspondent's mind, + that the scene in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> (Act III. Sc. 1) referred + to by X. Z. (Vol. iii., p. 139.) is, judging from certain coincidences of + expression, an interpolation, and not by Shakspeare, I beg at once to be + allowed to express my total dissent from such a view. Whether, also, + there may have been any secondary allusion to some known event of the + day, as X. Z. supposes, and as is by no means improbable, I cannot say; + but I protest against its being said that the scene referred to is + "totally unconnected with what goes before, and what follows." Antony is + the hero of the play; and this scene shows the culminating point of + Antony's fortunes, when his very successes turn against him.</p> + + <p>To return to <i>Henry VIII.</i>, the compliment to the Queen, to which + your correspondent refers, is, as he very justly observes, brought in in + a very forced manner. This, to my mind, is very strong evidence; + otherwise I should not think it unworthy of Shakspeare. And it still has + to be borne in mind, that he would have had to accommodate his characters + and circumstances to the views of another writer. Shakspeare's spirit was + too catholic, too universal, to have allowed, in a work entirely his own, + even his Wolsey to have made use of the term "a spleeny Lutheran;" yet + neither in the passage in which this expression occurs, nor in the one + above referred to, is the versification characteristic of Fletcher. For + my own part, however, I cannot recognise Shakspeare's spirit in this + antagonism of creeds, which is, perhaps, even more strongly displayed in + the prophetic speech of Cranmer's in the last scene, wherein he says, + "God shall be truly known!" It may be said, that in both these instances + the expressions are true to the characters of Wolsey and Cranmer. It may + be so; for both are wanting in that ideal elevation which Shakspeare + never fails to give. That, with this reservation, he becomes the + mouth-piece of each character, is most true; and a curious instance of + the writer's utter forgetfulness of his assumed character of contemporary + with the events he is relating, occurring in Act. IV. Sc. 2 where + Griffiths says—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He was most princely: ever witness for him</p> + <p>Those twins of learning, that he rais'd in you,</p> + <p>Ipswich and Oxford! <i>one of which fell with him</i>,</p> + <p>Unwilling to outlive the good that did it;</p> + <p>The other, though unfinish'd, yet so famous,</p> + <p>So excellent in art, <i>and still so rising</i>,"—</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 319 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page319"></a>{319}</span></p> + + <p>has no parallel in Shakspeare's works. To John Fletcher, indeed, at + the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, these things were known; but + scarcely to the attendant of Queen Katherine, who has but just narrated + the circumstances, then newly happened, of Wolsey's fall. On maturer + consideration, then, I am inclined to think that the whole of the scene + (Act III. Sc. 2.) to which your correspondent refers, was originally + written by Fletcher, although, as it now stands, it is strongly marked by + the hand of Shakspeare. In the same category, also, I am inclined to + place Scenes 3. and 4. of Act II. It will be observed that these changes + are not inconsistent with the view I had previously taken; the effect + being merely, that I am inclined to ascribe a little more than in the + first instance to the hitherto unsuspected participator in the work. I am + not sure, too, that I shall not be coming nearer to <span class="sc">Mr. + Spedding</span>; as, if I am not mistaken, it is in some of these scenes + that he imagines he detects "a third hand;" a theory which, though I do + not adopt, I certainly have not confidence enough to reject altogether. + But this view affects so very small a portion of the play, that it is of + very little consequence.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Samuel Hickson.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS OF TENNYSON.</h3> + + <p>That great poets are sometimes obscure, needs no proof. That the + greatest poets will necessarily be so to the ordinary reader, seems to me + equally indisputable.</p> + + <p>Not without effort can one enter into the spontaneous thought of + another, or even of himself in another mood. How much more when that + other is distinguished from his fellows by the <i>greatness</i> and + <i>singularity</i> of his thoughts, and by the extreme subtilty of their + connecting links. Obscurity is not a blemish but an excellence, if the + pains of seeking are more than compensated by the pleasures of finding, + the luxury of <span title="mathêsis" class="grk" + >μαθησις</span>, where the + concentrated energy of a passage, when once understood, gives it a hold + on the imagination and memory such as were ill sacrificed to more diluted + clearness.</p> + + <p><i>Grandis præfatio tenui incepto</i>—a sort of apology to + Tennyson for implying that he needs illustration. Some time ago I made a + few notes on particular passages in <i>Locksley Hall</i>, which I now + enclose. Some of them are, I dare say, superfluous—some, possibly, + erroneous. If so, they will stand a fair chance of being corrected in + your valuable publication.</p> + + <p>By the bye, if a "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" had + existed in the days of Æschylus, we might have been saved from many a + recourse to "corrupt text" and "lacunæ admodum deflendæ."</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Notes on Locksley Hall.</i></p> + + <p>Stanza 2. "Dreary gleams:" in apposition with "curlews." I know the + construction of this line has puzzled a good many readers.</p> + + <p>Stanza 23. "Yet it shall be." Yet "decline" thou certainly wilt.</p> + + <p>Stanza 28. "He will answer," &c. With an oath, it may be—at + the least with a coarse rebuff.</p> + + <p>Stanza 29. "The heart's disgrace." The disgrace, the injury, and + degradation the heart has suffered—its prostitution to a mercenary + service by a marriage of interest.</p> + + <p>Stanza 34. "Never." Alas! I never can.</p> + + <p>Stanza 35. "In division of the records of the mind." In dividing my + recollections of her into two groups, and erasing the one.</p> + + <p>Stanza 38. "The poet is" (as I think has been already pointed out) + Dante.</p> + + <p>Stanza 40. "He hunts," &c. He—thy husband.</p> + + <p>Stanza 42. "Never, never," &c. Never again! (joys never to return) + sung by the ghosts of years departed.</p> + + <p>Stanza 51. "I have but an angry fancy"—my only + <i>qualification</i>.</p> + + <p>Stanza 53. "But the jingling of the guinea," &c. But there is no + fighting now: the nations get over their quarrels in another way—by + the jingling of the guinea, instead of the clang of arms.</p> + + <p>Stanzas 54. "Mother-age."; 93. "Mother-age, for mine I know not."</p> + + <p>This mother-age is a great difficulty. At first I took it for <i>the + past of history</i>, but now understand by it <i>the past of his own + life</i>, at least its earliest and brightest period—that age which + had been as a mother, the only mother he ever knew.</p> + + <p>Stanza 70. "Youthful joys." The bright hopes of his youth. (?)</p> + + <p>Stanza 75. "Blinder motions," Less rational, less well-guided + emotions.</p> + + <p>Stanza 91. "The distance." The distant future, the "good time + coming."</p> + + <p>There are some lines in <i>In Memoriam</i> (I have not the book at + hand, but any reader thereof will instantly recollect them), which + indicate Tennyson's acquaintance with and appreciation of Jeremy Taylor, + who thus expresses the thoughts of the "wild fellow in Petronius," + suggested by the sight of a floating corpse.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"That peradventure this man's wife, in some part of the Continent, + safe and warm, looks next month for the good man's return or, it may be, + his son knows nothing of the tempest: or his father thinks of that + affectionate kiss which is still warm upon the good old man's cheek ever + since he took a kind farewell; and he weeps with joy to think how blessed + he shall be when his beloved boy returns into the circle of his father's + arms."—<i>Holy Dying.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Compare with "Sure never moon to evening," &c., in the same poem, + and I think the same place: <!-- Page 320 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page320"></a>{320}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nec nox ulla diem, neque noctem aurora secuta est,</p> + <p>Quæ non audierit mistos vagitibus ægris</p> + <p>Ploratus mortis comites, et funeris atri."—<i>Lucretius</i>, ii. 579.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">G. P.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Sacramental Wine</i> (Vol. iii., p. 179.).—From a note by + <span class="sc">Mr. Albert Way</span>, on the use of sacramental wine, + one would be led to infer that it was recommended on account of some + superstitious belief in its superior excellency from having been used in + religious worship; but I would suggest that the same reasons which + recommend Teynt wine, the kind generally used for the Sacrament, are + those which have established for it a reputation in cases of sickness: + these are its rich red colour, and sweet and agreeable flavour.</p> + + <p>Weakness is popularly supposed to be caused by a thinness and want of + blood; if wine be recommended for this, there is a deeply rooted + prejudice in favour of red wine because the blood is red, and upon no + better principle than that which prescribes the yellow bark of the + barberry for the yellow state of jaundice; the nettle, for the + nettle-rash; and the navel-wort (<i>Cotyledon umbilicus</i>), for + weakness about the umbilical region. The truth is, that rustic practice + is much influenced by the doctrine of similitudes, the principle of + "<i>similia similibus curantur</i>" having been more extensively + recognised in the olden time than since the days of Hahnemann.</p> + + <p>The sweetness of Teynt wine would recommend it for children, to whom a + stronger wine is generally distasteful; but Port is generally prescribed + as a tonic for adults.</p> + + <p>It may further be remarked, that the recommendation to give + Sacramental wine might arise from the fact, that, as in some parishes + more wine is provided than is required, the remainder is put by to be + given to the poor who may require it at the hands of the clergyman.</p> + + <p>In sending these remarks, I am led to request that your correspondents + would make Notes upon such old wives' remedies as are employed upon the + principles I have mentioned.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Buckman.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cirencester, April 12.</p> + + <p><i>Cure of Disease by means of Sheep.</i>—A child in my parish + has been for some time afflicted with disease of some of the respiratory + organs. The mother was recommended to have it carried through a flock of + sheep as they were let out of the fold in the morning. The time was + considered to be of importance.</p> + + <p class="author"><span lang="he" class="heb" title="B" ><bdo dir="rtl">ב</bdo></span>.</p> + + <p class="address">L—— Rectory, Somerset.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ANCIENT INEDITED BALLADS, NO. IV.</h3> + + <p>I next transcribe the following lines from the same MS. as my last. It + is another epitaph on the Mr. Browne that I mentioned in No. II. It + contains a curious illustration of a passage in Shakspeare, which has + been often debated in the pages of "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," and so deserves preservation.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Vpon the death of that right worthye man, <span class="sc">Mr. + Browne</span>, late of Caius and Gonville Colledge disceased. + Epicedion."—(<i>Harl. MSS.</i>, No. 367. fol. 155.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If vowes or teares from heartes or eyes,</p> + <p>Could pearce the unpenitrable skyes,</p> + <p>Then might he live, that now heere lyes.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>But teares are tonguelesse, vowes are vaine,</p> + <div class="linenum">5</div><p>T' recall what fate calls; els how faine</p> + <p>What death hath seis'd, wold I regaine.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>But sure th' immortal one belaves</p> + <p>This wished soule in 's blissfull waves:</p> + <p>Ill comes too oft, when no man craves.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="linenum">10</div><p>Rest, therefore, vrne, rest quietlye,</p> + <p>And when my fates shall call on me,</p> + <p>So may I rest, as I wish the.</p> + <p class="i10hg3">"<span class="sc">R. Constable</span>,</p> + <p class="i12">Caio-Gonvillensis."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I need hardly point out the striking similarity between the expression + in Shakspeare—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"and the delighted spirit</p> + <p>To bathe in fiery floods,"—</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and the third stanza of this poem.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>POETICAL COINCIDENCES, ETC.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Byron.</i></p> + + <p>In the <i>Jealous Lovers</i> of Thomas Randolph, the following passage + occurs, which may possibly have suggested to Lord Byron the fearful curse + he has put into the mouth of Eve, in "the grand and tremendous drama of + <i>Cain</i>."<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"May perpetual jealousie</p> + <p>Wait on their beds, and poison their embraces</p> + <p>With just suspitions; may their children be</p> + <p>Deform'd, and fright the mother at the birth:</p> + <p>May they live long and wretched; all men's hate,</p> + <p>And yet have misery enough for pity:</p> + <p>May they be long a-dying—of diseases</p> + <p>Painful and loathsome," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>That exquisite stanza in the Third Canto of <i>Childe Harold</i>, + "Even as a broken mirror," &c., has been often admired. In Carew's + poem, <i>The Spark</i>, I find the following lines, which contain similar + image:</p> + +<p><!-- Page 321 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page321"></a>{321}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And as a looking-glass, from the aspect,</p> + <p>Whilst it is whole, doth but one face reflect,</p> + <p>But being crack'd, or broken, there are shown</p> + <p>Many half faces, which at first were one;</p> + <p>So Love," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>To the coincidences which have been already pointed out regarding that + exquisite line in the <i>Bride of Abydos</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The mind, the music breathing from her face,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>the following from Carew may perhaps be added:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The harmony of colours, features, grace,</p> + <p>Resulting airs (the magic of a face)</p> + <p>Of musical sweet tunes, all which combin'd,</p> + <p>To crown one sovereign beauty, lie confined</p> + <p>To this dark vault."—<i>Epitaph on the Lady S.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>All will recollect the wonderful description of the shipwreck in + <i>Don Juan</i>; and more particularly the incidents so graphically + related in stanzas 52 and 53 of the Second Canto: to a part of which, the + following passage fro Lee's <i>Œdipus</i> bears some + resemblance:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"Methought I heard a voice,</p> + <p>Now roaring like the ocean, when the winds</p> + <p>Fight with the waves; now in a still small tone</p> + <p>Your dying accents fell, as wrecking ships,</p> + <p>After the dreadful yell, sink murm'ring down,</p> + <p>And bubble up a noise."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I have now before me a print of John, the first Lord Byron, engraved + from a painting in the collection of Lord Delaware; in which he is + pourtrayed in armour, with a truncheon in the left hand, and the <i>right + arm bare</i> to above the elbow. Can this have suggested to Lord Byron + the idea of describing "Alp the renegade" as fighting with "the white arm + bare," in the <i>Siege of Corinth</i>?</p> + + <p>Byron refers to Smollett as an authority for "blatant beast," + apparently forgetting that the figure originated with Spenser. Again, in + a note to <i>Don Juan</i> respecting his use of the phrase "reformadoes," + he remarks:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Baron Bradwardine, in <i>Waverley</i>, is authority for the + word."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It occurs, however, in Ben Jonson, and may be found in Blount's + <i>Glossographia</i>; Phillips's <i>World of Words</i>, and other old + dictionaries of the same period.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. C. Smith.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Sir Walter Scott.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO.</h3> + + <p>Amidst the Apennines, far removed from the ordinary track of tourists, + is the diminutive republic of San Marino, which boasts never to have been + subjugated. Whether it has escaped invasion because it has escaped + notice, or because burglars never attack an empty cottage, is a point + which I shall not stop to discuss. Few travellers visit it, but the + trouble of doing so would be amply repaid. The situation is highly + romantic; and the view from the summit of the bold escarpment, upon which + the town is perched, extends over a wilderness of mountains.</p> + + <p>The population of the territory is said not to exceed 6,000 or 7,000 + souls. Its whole income is derived from a moderate duty on tobacco; and + its standing army (for it possesses this indispensable incident to + political independence) is chiefly employed in vain attempts to prevent + the evasion of that duty.</p> + + <p>Among the greatest and most highly esteemed curiosities of the place, + is a statue of Christ on the cross, with a head of real hair, which is + cut twice a year, and always grows again! This faculty of reproduction is + as profitable as it is wonderful; for, besides the resort of pious + visitors, drawn by the capillary attractions of such a miraculous piece + of sculpture, the locks that are cut off are stated, by the + ecclesiastical functionaries in charge of the statue, to be a sure + preservative against all harm to the wearer, and are of course in request + as an article of commerce. My object in communicating to you these notes, + is to introduce to you a copy, which I transcribed myself, of one of the + state papers preserved in the archives of the republic. It appears to be + a letter of encouragement, addressed by the Priors and Gonfaloniere of + the republic of Florence to that of S. Marino, during a siege that the + latter was undergoing. Perhaps some of your readers may be able to point + out the precise occasion that called for the letter.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sydney Smirke.</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Magnifici viri amici ñri car<sup>mi</sup>, Habbiamo vedato la lettera + vi scrive il Governatore, et habbiamo inteso la voluntà dello exercito + della Chiesa. Dovete essere di buono animo et stare constanti et fermi: + et perdere la vita insieme con la libertà che è meglo allo huomo uso a + essere libero, essere morto che essere servo. Iddio a chi piace la + libertà vi aiutera difenderai: et noi et la ñra lega non vi manchera: + havete inteso le provisioni facte et di denari et di gente ad Arimino; et + faremo delle altre tante che saranno abastanza. Valete. Ex palatio ñro + die viij. Junij, <span class="scac">M.CCCCLXVIII</span>j.</p> + +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> +"Priores libertatis et<br /> + Vexillifer Justitiæ +</td><td> +<a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:4ex" alt="brace" /></a> +</td><td> +Populi Florentinj. +</td></tr> +</table> + + <p class="author">"Barth. Scala.</p> + + <p>"Magnificis Viris hominibus terræ Sā Marini amicis ñris + car<sup>mis</sup>."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ST. FRANCIS.</h3> + + <p>I think Mrs. Jameson, in her <i>Legends of the Monastic Orders</i>, + has left unnoticed the very remarkable book of the <i>Conformity of St. + Francis's Life with that of Jesus Christ</i>, a work, the blasphemy of + which is only equalled by its absurdity.</p> + + <p>The book was written by Bartholomew of Pisa, a monk of the order, and + licensed in 1399 by the general of the Minorites.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Approbatum est a fr. Henrico ord. frat. Minorum generali ministro et + servo et cæteris ministris et diffinitoribus capituli generalis apud + Sacrum locum de Assisio die 2 Augusti <span class="scac">A.D.</span> + 1399."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 322 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page322"></a>{322}</span></p> + + <p>The title of the first edition, which is very rare, is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Liber Conformitatum Vitæ S. Francisci ad Vitam Jesu Christi. Authore + Fr. Bartholomæo degli Albizzi, ex recens. Fran. Zenonis. Impressum + Mediolani per Gotardum Ponticum apud templum Sancti Satyri. Anno <span + class="scac">M.CCCCCX.</span> die 18 mensis Septembris. In fol. literis + quadratis."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The Second edition:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Opus aur. et inexplicabilis bonitatis et continentiæ, Conformitatum + scilicet vitæ Beati Frā. ad vitā Dī. <span + class="over">n</span>ri Jesu x<span class="over">p</span>i. Mediolani, in + edibus Zanoti castilionei 1513. in fol. goth."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The third edition, also in folio, appeared at Bologne (1590) as "Liber + aureus, inscriptus liber Conformitatum, etc., per Hierem Bucchium," with + some alterations in the text.</p> + + <p>Fourth edition:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Vita S. Fra<span class="over">n</span>. conf. ad vit. Xti., per S. + Bonaventuram Conscriptu ab Henr. Sedulio Co<span class="over">m</span>. + illustrata, 4to., Antr. 1597."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Another edition, by Jer. Bacch, in folio, appeared at Bologne in 1620; + and an abridged edition in octavo, by Phil. Bosquier, at Cologne, under + the title of <i>Antiquitates Franciscanæ</i>, a very good edition of the + <i>Liber Conform.</i>, "Et ex Annalibus Madingi collecta per Tibur. + Navarrum," was published in 4to. at Rome in 1670.</p> + + <p>The late Dr. Elrington had a very fine copy of the following French + translation:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Traite des Conformités du Disciple avec son Maitre, c'est à dire, de + Saint François avec J. C., etc., le tout recueilli par un frere mineur + récollect. (Valentin Marée.) Liege, 1658-60. 4 part en 3 vol. in + 4to."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In 1542 a small volume was put forth, containing choice passages from + the <i>Liber Conformitatum</i>, with a preface and letter to the reader, + purporting to be from Martin Luther. It was accordingly by many + attributed to him; the real compiler was Erasmus Alberus. The title of + the first edition is</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Alcoranus Franciscorum, etc., ex libro conformitatum: Francof. 1542, + parv. 8vo."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It was reprinted, with a French translation, by Conrad Badius, at + Geneva, 1560 or 1578; so says Brunet.</p> + + <p>The best edition of this work was that published at Amsterdam in 1734, + in two vols. 12 mo., with some capital plates by Picart. The title + is—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"L'Alcoran des Cordeliers, tant en Latin qu'en François; c'est à dire, + Recueil des plus notables bourdes et blasphemes de ceux qui ont osé + comparer Sainet François à Jesus Christ; tiré du grand livre des + <i>Conformités</i>, jadis composé par frere Barthelemi de Pise, Cordelier + en son vivant. Nouvelle edition, ornée de figures dessinées par B. + Picart. A Amsterdam. Aux Defens de la Compagnie. <span + class="scac">MDCCXXXIV</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Another work, printed the same year, is often found with + this:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Legende Dorée, ou Sommaire de l'Histoire des Freres-mendians de + l'ordre de Saint François. (Par Nic. Vignier.) Amsterdam, 1734. 12mo. + Réimpr. sur l'ed. de Leyde, 1608 in 8vo."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Thomas of Celano, the friend and scholar of St. Francis, and the + author of the famous <i>Dies Iræ</i>, after the saint's death composed a + brief account of his life, which he afterwards greatly enlarged, and + which even now is the most authentic we possess. I should be glad to know + the best, as well as the latest editions of this life.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Francis," said Luther, "was no doubt an honest and just man. He + little thought that such superstition and unbelief should proceed out of + his life."—<i>Tischreden.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Berington says of St. Francis:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In an age of less intemperance in religion, miracles and the fancied + intervention of peculiar favours from heaven, would not have been deemed + necessary to stamp worth and admiration on a character which in itself + possessed the purest excellences that fall to the lot of man. But this + circumstance, and more than this, the reception which an institute so + peculiarly framed met with, serve to manifest the singular taste of the + age."—<i>Berington's Henry II.</i>, p. 629.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>"It is scarcely possible," says Mr. Massingberd, "to read the history + of St. Francis of Assisi, without believing that there was in him a + sincere and self-devoted, however ill-directed, piety." We must not let + the foolish legends afterwards written of him lower him in our + estimation, nor cease to regard him as a sincere and devoted + Christian.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mariconda</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Charles Lamb's Epitaph.</i>—Perhaps the following lines, + which I have copied from the gravestone of Charles Lamb, who lies in the + churchyard at Edmonton, may be interesting to those of your readers who + are among the admirers of the witty and gentle Elia:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Farewell, dear friend; that smile, that harmless mirth,</p> + <p>No more shall gladden our domestic hearth;</p> + <p>That rising tear, with pain forbid to flow,</p> + <p>Better than words, no more assuage our woe;</p> + <p>That hand outstretch'd from small but well-earn'd store,</p> + <p>Yield succour to the destitute no more.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Yet art thou not all lost; thro' many an age</p> + <p>With sterling sense and humour shall thy page</p> + <p>Win many an English bosom, pleased to see</p> + <p>That old and happier vein revived in thee.</p> + <p>This for our earth, and if with friends we share</p> + <p>Our joys in heav'n, we hope to meet thee there."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I have heard it conjectured that the above were written by Wordsworth. + I shall feel obliged if any of your readers will inform me whether the + late laureate was the author of them or not?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Maria S.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Edmonton.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 323 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page323"></a>{323}</span></p> + + <p><i>M. or N.</i> (Vol. i., p. 415.; Vol. ii., p. 61.).—There have + been several suggestions as to the origin of the use of these letters in + the services of the church, but I do not think that any correspondent has + hit upon the very simple one which I have always considered to be most + probably the true explanation; which is, that as these services were + compiled when algebra stood much higher in the rank of sciences than it + does at present, it is by no means unlikely that these two letters should + be used to signify indefinite and variable <i>names</i>, as they are in + algebra to represent indefinite or variable <i>numbers</i>, in the same + manner as A. B. C. are as signs of known or definite, and X. Y. Z. of + unknown sums.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. Y.</p> + + <p><i>Henry VIII. and Sir Thos. Curwen.</i>—The following quaint + extract from Sandford's MS. <i>History of Cumberland</i>, now in the + library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, exhibits that "reknowned + king," Henry VIII., in so good-natured a light, that I think, if you can + find a corner for it, it may amuse some of your readers. That the good + knight and "excelent archer" should have been so outwitted by his + son-in-law is a matter of some regret to one of his + descendants:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir Thos. Curwen, Knight, in Henry the Eight's time, an excelent + archer at twelvescore merks; and went up with his men to shoote with that + reknowned King at the dissolution of abbeys: and the King says to him, + Curwen, why doth thee begg none of these Abbeys? I wold gratify thee some + way. Quoth the other, Thank yow, and afterward said he wold desire of him + the Abbie of ffurness (nye unto him) for 20<sup>ty</sup> one yeares. + Sayes the King: take it for ever: quoth the other, it is long enough, for + youle set them up againe in that time: but they not likely to be set up + againe, this Sir Tho. Curwen sent Mr. Preston, who had married his + daughter, to renew the lease for him; and he even rennewed in his own + name; which when his father-in-law questioned, quoth Mr. Preston, you + shall have it as long as you live; and I think I may as well have it with + your daughter as another."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>After some descents, this family of Preston, of the manor of Furness, + terminated in a daughter, who married Sir William Lowther, whose grandson + left his estates in Furness and Cartmell to his cousin, Lord George + Cavendish, through whom they are inherited by the Earl of Burlington. As + Harry the Eighth's good intentions towards Sir Thomas Curwen have been + frustrated, his descendants must console themselves by knowing that the + glorious old ruin of Furness could not be in better hands than his + lordship's.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Workington.</p> + + <p><i>Periodical Literature</i>, 1707.—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The author of the <i>Observator</i> is <span class="sc">Mr. + Ridpath</span>, y<sup>e</sup> author of the <i>Flying Post</i>. The base + author of the late paper, which has been some time since dropp'd, viz. + <i>The Observator Reviv'd</i>, was one <span class="sc">Pearce</span>, an + exchange broker, some time since concerned in the paper called + <i>Legion's Address</i>, and forced to fly on that account into Holland. + The publisher of the <i>Phœnix</i> is a Presbyterian bookseller, + named J. Darby, in Bartholomew Close, who has told me that he was chiefly + assisted therein by the famous <span class="sc">Mr. Collins</span>, the + supposed author of <i>The Use of Reason in Propositions</i>, &c., and + Dr. Tindal's familiar acquaintance."—<i>Original Letter of the Rev. + Robert Watts, M.A.</i>, dated London, Feb. 6. 1707-8.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">P. B.</p> + + <p><i>Archbishop Sancroft.</i>—It is well known that Dr. William + Dillingham, Master of Emanuel College, Cambridge, published, in 1678, a + volume of Latin poems, partly translations from George Herbert, partly + pieces of his own, with some few added from other sources. But it is not + known that most of the pieces in this volume were corrected by the hand + of Archbishop Sancroft, and that one certainly was from his own pen. It + occurs at p. 155. of the octavo volume alluded to, and is entitled + "Hippodromus." This is a translation from an epigram by Thomas Bastard, + first printed in 1598, and beginning:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I mett a courtier riding on the plaine."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>That it is Archbishop Sancroft's is proved from an original letter + addressed to him by Dillingham in 1677, and preserved in the + Bodleian.</p> + + <p class="author">P. B.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Henry Slingsby.</i>—This gallant cavalier, who was + murdered (as Lloyd says in his <i>Memoirs</i>) by Oliver Cromwell in + 1658, wrote an account of the scenes in which he bore a part, from 1638 + to 1648, which he called "Commentaries, containing many remarkable + occurrences during the Civil Wars." Can any of your correspondents tell + me where the original manuscript is to be found, and whether it was ever + printed? I have seen an indifferent transcript, beginning, "The chappel + at Red House was built by my father, Sir Henry Slingsby." If it has never + been published, it would be an acceptable contribution to the historical + memoirs of the times, and worth the attention of the Camden Society.</p> + + <p class="author">P. B.</p> + + <p><i>Origin of a Surname.</i>—Martha Denial, widow, aged + seventy-five, was buried in Ecclesfield churchyard, 3rd February, 1851. + Her husband, Joseph Denial, told the parish clerk that his grandfather + was found when an infant deserted in a church porch; and that he was + surnamed Denial, as one whom <i>all deny</i>; and was christened Daniel, + which is composed of the same letters. This is the tradition of the + origin of a surname now common in this parish.</p> + + <p class="author">A. G.</p> + + <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p> + + <p><i>Madden's Reflections.</i>—Madden's <i>Reflections and + Resolutions for the Gentlemen of Ireland</i>. In the preface to the + reprint of this work we meet with the following paragraph:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The very curious and interesting work which is <!-- Page 324 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page324"></a>{324}</span>now reprinted, and + intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon + rarity: there is not a copy of it in the Library of Trinity College, or + in any of the other public libraries of this city [Dublin], which have + been searched on purpose. The profoundly-learned Vice-Provost, Doctor + Barrett, never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the + literature of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the + subject, are even unacquainted with the name of the book."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The full title of the work to which I refer, and which is an 8vo. + volume of 200 or 300 pages, is <i>Reflections and Resolutions proper for + the Gentlemen of Ireland, as to their Conduct for the Service of their + Country</i>. It was printed in Dublin in 1738; it was reprinted there in + 1816 at the sole expense of the well-known philanthropist, Thomas + Pleasants, and the author was Samuel Madden, D.D., the author of several + publications: a great patron of arts and literature in his native land, + and one of whom Dr. Johnson remarked with truth,—"His was a name + Ireland ought to honour." For some authentic information respecting him, + see Nichols's <i>Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century</i>, vol. + ii. pp. 31. 699.; and Grosley's <i>Tour in England</i>, vol. ii p. 260. + These writers, however, make no mention of his <i>Reflections</i>.</p> + + <p>The original edition may indeed be looked upon as rather rare, but not + so rare as some appear inclined to think. I have a copy, and until lately + had two; and at different times I have met with copies for sale. However, + the copy now in the library of the Royal Dublin Society was purchased + some years ago at a high price; and, unless I am mistaken, there is not + one as yet in the British Museum. The reprint which is there is much to + be preferred by readers in general.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>THE BELLMAN, AND HIS HISTORY.</h3> + + <p>I have often read Vincent Bourne's poem, "Ad Davidem Cook, + Westmonasterii Custodem Nocturnum et Vigilantissimum, Anno 1716:" + Pickering's edition, p. 129. This nightly guardian, it appears, was + accompanied by a dog:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Cùm variis implent tenebræ terroribus orbem,</p> + <p class="i1">Tu comite assuetum cum cane carpis iter,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>was armed with a stout staff, or knotty club:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nec te perterrent, nodoso stipite fretum,</p> + <p class="i1">Subdola qui tacito pectore furta parant,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and carried a bell:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Tinnitu adventum signans, oriantur an astra,</p> + <p class="i1">Narras, an purè lucida Luna micet."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>To the last-mentioned part of his equipment, he owed the title of + "Bellman."</p> + + <p>The Bellman's duty, however, was not confined to crying the rising of + the stars, or the shining of the moon, but he cheered his nightly round + with many a chant:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Nocturnum multo carmine fallis iter."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The next lines are descriptive of the Bellman's poetry, and tell us + the subjects of it. Of some of these I want explanation; and of all, + examples. I am at a loss to explain the following four lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Divorum hyberni menses quotcunque celebrant,</p> + <p class="i1">Cuique locum et versum dat tua musa suum:</p> + <p><i>Crispino</i> ante omnes; neque enim sine carmine fas est</p> + <p class="i1">Nobile sutorum præteriisse decus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The next lines refer to the Bellman's loyalty in ever remembering the + Royal Family; to his salutation of masters and mistresses; to the useful + instruction he pours forth in song to young men and maidens; and to the + happy marriages he wishes to such as give heed to his warnings. The + Bellman then addresses himself to men-servants and maid-servants, + enjoining honesty on the former, cleanliness on the latter. Repeatedly + wishing prosperity to his masters, he concludes with one pre-eminent + exhortation to keep in mind, that the friendly hand of death levels the + highest and the lowest.</p> + + <p>My ignorance asks several questions. When did the Bellman lay aside + his bell, and assume the rattle; and, with this change (I presume), drop + the name of Bellman for that of Watchman, to whom the silent policeman + has succeeded? Was the dog the usual aide-de-camp of the Bellman? Are + there any other instances in which the dog is mentioned as assisting the + Bellman in his nocturnal guardianship?</p> + + <p>As to the Bellman's poetry, Milton will occur to every one:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Or the bellman's drowsy charm</p> + <p>To bless the door from nightly harm."—<i>Il Penseroso.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>1. Herrick's <i>Hesperides</i>, p. 169., is a Bellman's song, a + blessing, concluding:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Past one o'clock, and almost two,</p> + <p>My masters all, good-day to you."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>2. Ibid. p. 251. is another song; a warning to remember the + judgment-day, and ending—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ponder this when I am gone,</p> + <p>By the clock 'tis almost one."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>See <i>The Tatler</i>, No. 111., for the Bellman's salutation:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Good morrow, Mr. Bickerstaff, good morrow, my masters + all.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It was the owl that shriek'd, the fatal bellman,</p> + <p>Which gives the stern'st good night."—Shakspeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Gay refers to the Bellman's song in the following lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Behold that narrow street which steep descends,</p> + <p>Whose building to the slimy shore extends;</p> +<!-- Page 325 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page325"></a>{325}</span> + <p>Here Arundel's fam'd structure rear'd its frame,</p> + <p>The street alone retains the empty name;</p> + <p>Where Titian's glowing paint the canvass warm'd,</p> + <p>And Raphael's fair design, with judgment, charm'd,</p> + <p>Now hangs <i>the bellman's song</i>, and pasted here</p> + <p>The colour'd prints of Overton appear."—<i>Trivia</i>, book ii. 482.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the <i>Archaic and Provincial Dictionary</i>, the duty of the + Bellman in his poetic character seems to be limited to blessing the + sleepers. It appears from the poem by Vincent Bourne, that his Muse took + a much more extensive range.</p> + + <p>Can you inform me where I can find more about the Bellman, his bell + and his dog; and, especially, his songs? Where can I find "The Bellman's + Songs?"</p> + + <p>Is "Bellman" a name given to dogs in modern times? See <i>Taming of + the Shrew</i>, Induction.</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. T.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We cannot insert F. W. T.'s Query without referring to the admirable + translation of Vinny Bourne's Ode, which is to be found in our First + Volume, p. 152.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>WAS SALLUSTIUS A LECTURER?—CONNEXION +BETWEEN SALLUSTIUS AND TACITUS.</h3> + + <p>Sallustius, in his celebrated abstract of the Punic records of + Thempsal, makes the following remark:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Nam de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere, <i>quoniam + alio properare tempus monet</i>."—<i>De Bello Jugurthino</i>, c. + xix. ed. Allen.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Does not this sound as if the history has been read out to an + assembly? There is strong presumptive evidence in favour of such a + supposition, in the tradition of Herodotus having read aloud his history + at the Grecian Games. Besides, it was a common practice of Cicero and + Plinius the Younger to read out their orations and treatises. I cannot + help thinking that the histories of Sallustius were first delivered as + lectures, <i>taken down by reporters</i><a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> employed by himself for the purposes + of preserving his words, as he had only notes before him, fairly + transcribed from the stenographic character, and then, <i>but not till + then</i>, made a subject of closet-study. This, I think, is easy of + proof, and instances may be adduced (the expression I have quoted is one) + where the lecturer peeps out.</p> + + <p>The interpolated state in which this classic has come down to us is + indeed sad: there is scarcely a chapter throughout the Catiline and + Jugurtha where some transcriber has not been at work, sticking in words + and sometimes whole sentences, which, I am astonished to see, have + escaped the notice of Cortius, Allen, and the older editors.</p> + + <p>I said above that Sallustius made his lectures or orations on the + history of his country a subject of closet study. He did so, and in an + eminent degree. His conciseness, clearness (when relieved from the burden + of interpolation), and usual impartiality, point to a careful and + spiritual study of Thucydides; but he could not attain to an equal degree + of sweetness as the Greek historian, on account of the general character + of their several languages differing. As far, however, as Roman could + approach to Greek, I conceive Sallustius has approached to Thucydides. + Tacitus (whose mind was impregnated with, and steeped in Sallustius) + rarely enounces a sentiment in his numerous works the origin of which is + not referable to the latter author. It requires some careful thought + sometimes, before the passages can be traced; but they <i>are</i> + traceable; and if we had the whole works of Sallustius, I doubt not but + that we should be able to trace them all much more easily. + Perhaps—I say it without stress, mind; it is a mere + suggestion—it would be possible to restore, or rather connect some + of the historical fragments of Sallustius by means of the works of + Tacitus. When we find a sentiment of Sallustius half expressed in the + fragment, and trending towards the conclusion arrived at by Tacitus, may + we not, as we know how completely the latter had imbibed the thoughts of + the former, reasonably suppose the remainder of the passage to be + parallel; and, following out the idea, restore it, taking into + consideration the difference of the mode of expression in the two eras? + And this may hold good, not only between Tacitus and Sallustius, but + between Sallustius and Thucydides.</p> + + <p>Such is the aspect under which I endeavour to behold the classics, + viz. as one great whole, having here and there pieces gone or faded (lost + or hopelessly corrupted), and which fit into each other, showing the + building which intellect erects, the only building calculated to + withstand the hand of time. Thanks be to printing, to cheap literature, + and to English energy and investigation, antiquity may again rear her + head, and fell that it is comprehended in all its varied bearings, and + lights and shadows.</p> + + <p>To men like Niebuhr, Grote, Layard, Prescott, St. John, Wilkinson, + Rawlinson, and Norris, do we owe a debt of gratitude, for such patience + and investigation; and no one cheers them on with a more sincere feeling, + and thanks them for their past exertions, than</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>Short-hand, we know, was in use at Rome.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE OUTER TEMPLE.</h3> + + <p>Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his delightful <i>Handbook of London</i>, + says that when the New Temple "passed to the Knights of St. John of + Jerusalem, the Inner and Middle Temple were leased to the Students of the + Common Law; and the <span class="sc">Outer Temple</span> to Walter + Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter:" and in describing Essex House, by which + name it <!-- Page 326 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page326"></a>{326}</span>was afterwards known, he repeats the same + statement; as if the Outer Temple was part of the original property of + the Knights Templars.</p> + + <p>I should be very glad to know what authority he has for this; because + I have very great doubt whether the "Outer Temple" ever belonged to the + Knights Templars or to the Knights of St. John, or was in any manner + comprehended within the property. The New Temple, as the whole property + was called, belonged to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, at the time + of his death, in June, 1323. The Council of Vienna, in 1324, bestowed all + the lands of the Knights Templars on the Knights of St. John. Since my + letter to you on the general subject of the Temple, and L. B. L.'s + obliging answer (Vol. ii., pp. 103. 123.), I have been kindly furnished + by Mr. Joseph Burtt, of the Chapter House, with a deed, dated June 28, + 1324, by which the Knights of St. John granted the <i>whole</i> of the + New Temple, "totum messuagium nostrum vocatum Novum Templum," to Hugh le + Despencer the younger; describing it to be lying <i>between the house</i> + (hospicium) <i>of the Bishop of Exeter</i> towards the west, and the + house of Hugo de Courteneye towards the east. This shows manifestly that + if the Bishop of Exeter's house ever belonged to the Temple, it did not + at that time; and I am not aware of any earlier evidence proving that the + Templars ever possessed it.</p> + + <p>I believe, though I have not seen the record, that, in the grant to + Sir William Paget, temp. Henry VI., it is described as the "Outer + Temple;" but I am inclined to think, from various circumstantial + testimonies, that it was merely so called because it was situate on the + <i>outside</i> of the Temple.</p> + + <p>If any of your correspondents could illustrate this question, or that + more curious one,—when the new Temple was first divided between + Inner and Middle,—I should feel infinitely obliged.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.</h3> + + <p>1. Can any of your readers give me any information regarding a work + which I find recorded in a catalogue thus:—<i>A Catalogue of above + 300 Coins of Canute, King of Denmark and England, found near Kirkwall, + with Specimens.</i> 4to. London, 1777? I should like, if possible, to + have a copy of the title-page, the size, and the number of pages; and, if + possible, the name of the compiler.</p> + + <p>2. I should like to find out the name of the translator into English, + of Pontoppidan's <i>Natural History of Norway</i>, published in folio in + London in 1755.</p> + + <p>3. Can any of your readers oblige me with the name of the author of a + controversial sermon, entitled <i>Whigs no Christians</i>, preached at + London, on the anniversary of the martyrdom of King Charles, in 1712-13, + and published in the same year?</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Boreas" class="grk">Βορεας</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>DUTCH BOOKS PUBLISHED OUT OF THE NETHERLANDS.</h3> + + <p>Although the Dutch language is now regarded in foreign countries with + a neglect bordering on contempt, and its study, when attended to at all, + generally undertaken as a work of necessity rather than a labour of love, + I have thought it would not be without interest to examine to what extent + it was formerly cultivated (were it even chiefly by Dutchmen) in foreign + lands; to institute a search after the productions of the Dutch mind in + the Dutch language brought forth on foreign soils; in a word, to pass in + review the Dutch books which have been published in other countries + during the period included between the invention of printing and our own + days.</p> + + <p>It appears to me that such a review would lead to much interesting + research, and would tend not only to illustrate our literature, but also + to clear up many points still obscure in our national, and more + especially in our ecclesiastical, history.</p> + + <p>The review which I propose would be limited, in the first instance, to + the formation of an exact and complete list of such <i>exotic</i> works, + with the addition of such notes as I might be able to add. A more + experienced hand may then make use of these materials to form a more + perfect treatise on this portion of our literature.</p> + + <p>In execution of this plan I have already compiled a list of names of + books and authors; these have been gathered partly from an examination of + the works themselves, partly from catalogues and other sources where such + works are mentioned. Now, however, as my resources are nearly exhausted, + and my labours by no means complete, I take the liberty to lay my plan + before those who may be disposed to concur with me, those who may be able + to procure me information, those who have the possession or the care of + libraries in which such books are to be found, and of which catalogues + have not been printed; and, for the end I have in view, I invite them all + to help me in the completion of my work. The editors of the + <i>Navorscher</i> have consented to open their columns to contributors. + To spare needless trouble, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I + do not include any works published in <i>Belgium</i>, or in the colonies + now or formerly in our possession.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Martinus.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Amsterdam, March 11. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>WHAT WAS THE COUNTRY OF THE ANGLES?</h3> + + <p>What country was inhabited by the Angles before they occupied Britain? + Adam of Bremen (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> c. 3.) says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Igitur Saxones primo circa Rhenum sedes habitant et vocati sunt Angli + quorum pars inde veniens in Britanniam, etc."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 327 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page327"></a>{327}</span></p> + + <p>Notwithstanding the opinion of Turner, and most other historians, I + venture to offer a few facts in confirmation of the monk's testimony. 1. + The names of places on the Lower Rhine, and more especially in + Guelderland, point to an <i>Anglian</i> origin for instance, + <i>Engelanderholt</i>, <i>Engelenburg</i> and <i>Engelenberg</i>, + <i>Angerlo</i> olim <i>Angelerlo</i>. <i>Engeland</i>, near Beekbergen, + is mentioned in a charter<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> dated 801 as <i>villa Englandi</i>. + Several other places bear the same name: two near Hardenberg, one in the + land of Putten, another in our parish; which also contains + <i>Henschoten</i> olim <i>Hengestschoten</i>, and owes its own name to + <i>Woden</i>. Near Nimwegen, we have <i>Horssen</i>. 2. Many local names + in the same district, which can only be explained by reference to the + A.-S. <i>Hulkestein</i> on the Zuyder Sea, <i>Hulkestein</i> near Arnhem, + from A.-S. <i>hulc</i>, a dwelling: thus, stone buildings, castles. + <i>Thri</i>, A.-S., three, is mentioned in a charter dated 855 as the + name of a villa, now the hamlet <i>Drie</i>, near Ermelo. <i>Hierd</i> + and <i>Heerd</i>, from A.-S. <i>hierde</i>, perhaps also <i>Hardewick</i> + or <i>Harderwyk</i> from the same. <i>Braclog</i>, a wood near + Engelanderholt, from <i>brac</i>, enemy, and <i>locen</i>, an enclosure, + is mentioned in a charter (801). <i>Luntern</i> and <i>Lunhorst</i>, from + A.-S. <i>Lun</i>, poor. <i>Wigmond</i>, from <i>wig</i>, war; and + <i>mund</i>, defence. <i>Culenburg</i>, from <i>ciol</i> or <i>ceol</i>, + a ship. <i>Klingelbeck</i>, near Arnhem, from <i>clingan</i>, to shrink + up. <i>Ysseloord</i> from <i>ord</i>, a point; and thus confluence of two + rivers, as we see also on the Rhine, <i>Roerort</i> and <i>Angerort.</i> + <i>Herwynen</i>, <i>Herveld</i>, <i>Hernen</i>, <i>Herwaarden</i>, + <i>Winden Delwynen</i>, <i>Sennewyn</i>, can be explained<a + name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> by A.-S. + <i>here</i> and <i>win</i>. 3. The agreement between the names of places + here, and those of every part of England occupied by the Angles. Out of a + great number of instances collected by Mr. Molhuysen (see Nyhoff's + <i>Bijdragen</i>, vol. iii.) I will take a few. In Kent we have + Appledore, Appleton, Appleby; here <i>Appeldorn</i>, <i>Appel</i>, + <i>Appeltern</i>, <i>Appelenburg</i> on the Wahal. Ashe and Ash; + <i>Asch</i>, near Buren, and others. Barne; <i>Bern</i> near Heusden, and + <i>Baarn</i> near Amersfoort. Barnefield; <i>Barneveld</i>. Bonington, + <i>Boningen</i>. Dover; <i>Doveren</i>. Gillingham; <i>Gellinchem</i>. + Hearne; <i>Hiern</i>, near Waardenburg. Herne; <i>Hernen</i>. Leisdon; + <i>Leusden</i>. Lone; <i>Loenen</i>. Sandwich; <i>Sandwyk</i>, near Tiel. + Watchorne; <i>Waghorn</i>, in the Velume. In Yorkshire: Beel; <i>De + Beele</i>, near Voorst. Byland; <i>Byland</i>. Campe; <i>Campen</i>. + Catwich; <i>Katwyk</i>. Dodworth; <i>Dodewaard</i>. Ecope; <i>Heicop</i>. + Grimestone; <i>Grimmestein</i>, on the Eem. Heck; <i>Eck</i>. Hampall; + <i>Empel</i>, near Engelen. Herfield; <i>Herveld</i>. Hewick; + <i>Ewyk</i>, &c. &c.—The evident similarity of names in + this list, which might be extended through several pages, affords at + least a strong presumption that a part of the land of our fathers is to + be sought here. I will just add that there is a MS. containing copies of + charters, registers, &c., collected by Opstraeten van der Moelen, a + genealogist, who died in the early part of the seventeenth century, now + in the possession of Mr. Van Asch van Wyck. In this is an article + entitled "De Nobili et Antiqua Familia dicta Amersfoort seu potius + Heemsfurt vel Hemefurt a vado Heeme seu Hemi fluvii." The writer makes + mention of the well-known grant of Charlemagne to the cathedral of + Utrecht, by which Lisidunum (Leusden) and four forests on the banks of + the Eem were ceded to this church: <i>Hengestschoten</i>, <i>Fornese</i>, + <i>Mocoroth</i>, and <i>Widoc</i>. The writer considers the last-named + forest to be that of <i>Wede</i> or <i>Woden</i>; and derives thence the + family-name <i>Weede</i>. Concerning <i>Hengestschoten</i> is + remarked:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Hengist</i>, qui circum annum 450 Britanniam insulam cum suis + Frisonibus et Saxonibus occupat." And further: "Weede nomen adhunc + retinere videtur a <i>Woden</i>, qui fuit avus avi <i>Hengesti</i>, sicut + <i>Hengestschoten</i>, nune prædium dominorum Oestbroek, ab + <i>Hengisto</i> nominatur."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Henschoten was ceded to the abbey of Oestbroek in 1130, and sold at + the breaking up of the monasteries; and is now the property of Mr. Van + Asch van Wyck. Since, therefore, the above extract must have been written + before the Reformation, the belief that our forefathers proceeded from + this country is by no means new; and the evidence in its support is, I + think, stronger than that adduced by Turner and Lappenberg in favour of + an immigration from Sleswig; indeed it seems not improbable that the + first settlers, with <i>Hengist</i> at their head, sailed from the mouth + of the Eem. I have more to add in a future Number, if "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" can afford me space.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S.</p> + + <p class="address">Woudenberg, April, 1851.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>Bondam's <i>Charter-boek</i>.</p> + + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>See Gibson, <i>A.-S. Chron.</i></p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Villenage.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me at what + period villenage became extinct in this kingdom? I have now before me a + grant of a manor from the Crown, in the third and fourth year of the + reigns of King Philip and Queen Mary, conveying, amongst other goods and + chattels, the bondmen, bondwomen, and villeins, with their + sequels,—"Nativos, nativas, e villanos cum eoz sequelis." According + to Blackstone, the children of villeins were in the same state of bondage + with their parents; whence they were called, in Latin, "nativi," which + gave rise to the female appellation of a villein, who was called a + <i>neife</i>. What I wish to learn is, whether the old wording of Crown + grants had survived the <!-- Page 328 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page328"></a>{328}</span>existence of villenage; or whether bondage + was a reality in the reign of Philip and Mary; and if so, at what it + became extinct?</p> + + <p class="author">H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Workington.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent's Query is an interesting one; but he does not seem + to be aware that in our First Vol., p. 139., Mr. <span class="sc">E. + Smirke</span> had given the names of three "bondmen of bloude" living + near Brighton in 1617.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Roman Roads near London.</i>—In the most ancient maps of + Middlesex that I have seen, there are no roads marked out. In a folio + coloured map of Middlesex, published by Bowen (the date of which is, I + think, 1709, although the same map has various dates, like those of + Speed, where the date only is altered several times), the roads are + introduced. A Roman road appears from the corner of the Tottenham Court + Road, where the Hampstead Road and the New Road now meet, running through + what must now be the Regent's Park, until it reaches Edgeware, and thence + to Brockley Hills, called Sulloniacæ, an ancient city in Antonine's + <i>Itinerary</i>. The lanes marking this road are so different from the + other roads, as to show at once what is intended; and yet, either in this + same map or in another with the same route, Watling Street is printed + upon the highway that leads to Tyburn Turnpike, in a manner to show the + whole of that distance is meant. The Roman road from Tottenham Court, + after making its appearance in a variety of other maps up to a certain + date, about 1780, is nowhere to be found since, in any of the Middlesex + maps. Can any of your readers show by what authority this was first + introduced, and why discontinued; and if the Watling Street branched off, + upon its approach to London, where did the part crossing Oxford Street at + Tyburn lead to?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Francis-X.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mrs. Catherine Barton.</i>—In Brewster's <i>Life of Sir Isaac + Newton</i>, p. 250., is the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This accomplished nobleman was created Earl of Halifax in 1700, and + after the death of his first wife he conceived a strong attachment for + Mrs. Catherine Barton, the widow of Colonel Barton, and the niece of + Newton."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I wish particularly to know the <i>maiden</i> name of this Catherine + Barton; she married Mr. Conduitt, who succeeded Sir I. Newton as Master + of the Mint.</p> + + <p class="author">J. E. R. S.</p> + + <p class="address">Sampford, Braintree, April 7. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Sempecta at Croyland.</i>—<span class="sc">Dr. + Maitland</span> has so kindly answered your correspondent's Query + respecting his work on Mesmerism, that I venture to ask him another, + through the medium of your pages. Where can be found the poem respecting + the old soldier monk at Croyland (or Sempecta, as Ingulphus calls him), + from which <span class="sc">Dr. M.</span> has given extracts in p. 305. + of his <i>Dark Ages</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">H. R. L.</p> + + <p class="address">Trin. Coll.</p> + + <p><i>Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis—Roman + Medicine-stamps.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me,—</p> + + <p>1st. Of the <span class="scac">DATE</span> when Schmidt published his + <i>Antiquitates Neomagensis</i>, and <span class="scac">WHERE</span>: + also in what libraries it is to be found?</p> + + <p>2nd. Of the existence of any Roman medicine-stamps found in the + British Islands, as yet undescribed by those who have written on the + subject.</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the Royal Navy.</i>—Is there + any probability that the <i>History of the Royal Navy</i>, begun by Sir + N. H. Nicolas, and carried by him to the reign of Henry V., will ever be + continued. It is a most valuable work, and was stopped by his lamented + death, just as it was beginning to be most interesting.</p> + + <p class="author">E. N. W.</p> + + <p><i>Wooden Baldrocks.</i>—<i>Thanksgiving-book.</i>—In the + vestry-books of St. Peter's, Ruthin, co. Denbigh, there are some entries, + explanations of which will be very acceptable.</p> + + <p>From 1683, and many subsequent years, there is a constant repetition + in the churchwarden's account of "Wooden Baldrocks," from time to time + supplied new to the parish.</p> + + <p>In 1704, "A Thanksgiving-book" is charged in the parish accounts.</p> + + <p>Query the use and nature of Baldrock? and what book is meant by a + Thanksgiving-book?</p> + + <p>About the above period, continual payments are made for the + destruction of hedgehogs, which seem to be valued at sixpence a-piece, in + some cases fourpence; and to have been allowed in the parish + accounts.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Churchwarden</span>.</p> + + <p><i>History of the Jesuits.</i>—Who was the author of <i>A + History of the Jesuits; to which is prefixed a Reply to Mr. Dallas's + Defence of that Order</i>. It was published in two volumes 8vo., London, + 1816, by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, Paternoster Row.</p> + + <p class="author">H. R. L.</p> + + <p class="address">Trin. Coll.</p> + + <p><i>Mind your P's and Q's.</i>—What is the origin of this phrase? + I have heard one solution of it, but wish to ascertain whether there is + any other?</p> + + <p class="author">R. D. H.</p> + + <p><i>Mode of hiring Domestic Servants in + Holderness—Sittings—Fest.</i>—It is customary once a + year for men and women servants out of place to assemble in the market + places of Hedon and Patrington, the two chief towns in Holderness, and + there to await being hired. This very ancient custom is called Hedon + <i>Sittings</i> or <i>Statutes</i>. What is the name derived from? A + small sum of money given to each servant hired, is supposed to legalise + the contract, and is called the <i>Fest</i>. From what is the word + derived?</p> + + <p class="author">F. R. R.</p> + + <p><i>Home-made Wines.</i>—It is stated in <i>The Times</i> of this + morning (Feb. 17) that— <!-- Page 329 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page329"></a>{329}</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We know from old chronicles that most of the wine drank by + Englishmen, under the Plantagenets, was of home production."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any, and if so what, authority be shown for this statement?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sn.</span></p> + + <p><i>Inscription on a Clock.</i>—Under the curious clock in Exeter + Cathedral are inscribed these words:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span class="scac">PEREUNT ET IMPUTANTUR</span>, sc. horæ."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have been told that they are the concluding words of a longer + inscription on some foreign clock. Can any of your readers tell me if + they be so?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Hewett.</span></p> + + <p><i>Inscription on the Tomb of Peter the Hermit.</i>—At Huy, on + the Meuse, is shown the tomb where Peter the Hermit was buried: it is in + the shape of an obelisk, and has an inscription on each of the four + sides. Of this inscription, which is curious, and which I copied when I + was there, I have lost the greater part: can one of your correspondents + supply it for me, or tell where the lines are originally to be found, as + I fancy they are adapted to, and not made for, the monument.</p> + + <p>The part of the inscription which I have runs as follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">(<span class="scac">INSCRIPTION.</span>)</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Soldat du Pape Urbain, aux cris de 'Dieu le veut,'</p> + <p class="i2">Il a précipité l'Europe sur l'Asie;</p> + <p class="i2">Le péril arrivé, sa sainte frenesie</p> + <p>N'a plus trouvé qu'un cri arrive 'Sauve qui peut.'</p> + <p class="i8">Dieu,</p> + <p>L'intolérant l'outrage, insulte à sa grandeur,</p> + <p>Tel masque qu'il affecte, il n'est qu'une imposteur."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Another two-lined motto is headed "Les Illusions;" and a third, "La + Liberté;" but neither these, nor a longer one (which I fancy introduces + the names of Molière, Rousseau, and Fénélon), am I able to quote.</p> + + <p class="author">H. A. B.</p> + + <p><i>Wife of James Torre.</i>-James Torre, the Yorkshire antiquary, + married for his first wife Elizabeth Lincolne (see <i>Ducatus Leod.</i>, + p. 119. Whitaker's ed.); can any one inform me who was that lady's + father, and if there is any pedigree known of the family?</p> + + <p>I have little doubt that the Rev. William Lincolne, rector of Halton, + Lincolnshire, mentioned by Walker, in his <i>Sufferings of the + Clergy</i>, b. ii. p. 295., was of the same family.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock</span>, Jun.</p> + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors.</p> + + <p><i>"The Bear's Bible."</i>—In the library of Queen's College, + Oxon, is a copy of the Spanish version of the Bible, by Cassiod. Reyna + (1569), with the following inscription:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Ampliss. Antistiti. ac Dño R<sup>mo</sup> D. Edmundo Grindalo, + archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, et totius Angliæ primati digniss. <i>Ob + erepta hujus Hispanicæ versionis sacrorum librorum Scripta ex hostium + manibus</i> Cassiodorus Reinius ejusdem versionis author gratitudinis + ergo et in perpetuæ observantiæ pignus D.D.D."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What are the circumstances here alluded to?</p> + + <p class="author">H. H. W.</p> + + <p><i>Harris, Painter in Water-Colours.</i>—Some friends of mine + have a large paper copy of the edition of the Bible, published in 1802, + by Messrs. Nicoll, of Pall-Mall, and known as "Reeves' Bible," which is + adorned with a large number of small original drawings in water-colour by + "J. Harris, of Walworth, Surrey." I should be obliged if any of your + correspondents can give me any information respecting Mr. Harris, and can + tell me whether he is still living. The drawings were made before the + year 1819.</p> + + <p class="author">T. C. W.</p> + + <p><i>University Hoods.</i>—The Scotch universities of Aberdeen, + St. Andrew's, and Glasgow had, before the Reformation, or before the + Revolution rather, hoods for the several degrees of M.A., D.D., LL.D., + and D.C.L. What these were, is a question which it is now very difficult + to determine; but this much is known, that the hoods of Aberdeen were + identical with those of Paris, those of St. Andrew's with those of + Louvain, and those of Glasgow with those of Bologna. The Revolution, + however, has done much to obliterate the traces of even the Parisian + hoods, and the M.A. hood of Paris is all that has hitherto rewarded the + researches of the university antiquary. Can any of your readers assist in + the somewhat interesting investigation by endeavouring to discover, or + informing us if they already know, what were the hoods of the + universities of Paris, Louvain, and Bologna, for the several degrees I + have enumerated.</p> + + <p class="author">G. A. J.</p> + + <p><i>"Nullis Fraus tuta latebris."</i>—Can any of your + correspondents favour me with a reference to the above motto?</p> + + <p class="author">S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Voltaire, where situated?</i>—The "<i>terre</i>," hamlet, or + other <i>property</i> of <i>Voltaire</i>, from which the French poet took + the addition to his paternal name of Arouet,—where situated? That + there is, or at least was, in Voltaire's time, such an estate, + Condorcet's statement (<i>vide</i> Voltaire) makes apparent. But the + locality is not pointed out. Can any of your correspondents help me to + it?</p> + + <p class="author">V.</p> + + <p><i>Table of Prohibited Degrees, 1563.</i>—By the 99th canon of + the Church of England the "table of prohibited degrees" set forth by + authority in 1563 is ordered to "be in every church publicly set up and + fixed at the charge of the parish." Is this usually done now? and if not, + why is it omitted to be done?</p> + + <p>What is the authority for the insertion of the Canons, or the + Articles, or the table of the <!-- Page 330 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page330"></a>{330}</span>prohibited degrees found in the Book of + Common Prayer?</p> + + <p class="author">J. O. M.</p> + + <p><i>Launcelot Lyttleton.</i>—I shall be greatly obliged to any + genealogist who can tell me who was that Launcelot Lyttleton, a Lichfield + gentleman, whose eldest laughter, Mary, married the Hon. Francis Roper, + and became the mother of the fourteenth Lord Teynham. Was this Launcelot + a descendant of Sir Edward Lyttleton, temp. Eliz., who married a daughter + of Sir William Devereux?</p> + + <p>I could answer my own question by an inspection of the "Roper Roll;" + but unfortunately that is in Ireland, and I may not soon discover the + address of its possessor.</p> + + <p class="author">H. G. R. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Erechtheum.</p> + + <p><i>The Antediluvians.</i>—Can you or any of your learned + correspondents inform me of any work likely to assist me in my researches + into the antediluvian history of our race? The curious treatise of + Reimmanus, and the erudite essay of J. Joachimus Maderus, I have now + before me; but it occurs to me that, besides these and the more patent + sources of information, such as Bruckerus and Josephus, there must be + other, and perhaps more modern, works which may be more practically + useful. Perhaps the author of the elegant essay on the subject in + <i>Eruvin</i> may be able to refer to such a a work.</p> + + <p class="author">G. A. J.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries Answered.</h2> + + <p><i>Wither's Haleluiah.</i>—Mr. R. A. Willmott, in his <i>Lives + of Sacred Poets</i>, has done himself credit by doing justice to George + Wither, and vindicating his claims as poet, whom it has long been the + fashion to underrate, but who Southey said "had the heart and soul of a + poet in him."—(<i>Life</i>, iii. 126.)</p> + + <p>In the <i>Life</i>, Mr. Willmott says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In 1641 appeared the <i>Haleluiah, or Britain's Second + Remembrancer</i> ... which book, now as scarce as the first + <i>Remembrancer</i> is common, I have not seen."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is therefore very probable that the work is seldom to be met with. + I have a copy, but it is unfortunately imperfect; wanting a few leaves + (only a few I imagine) at the end. There is no index, nor table of + contents, by which I might ascertain the extent of the deficiency. The + last page is 478, and contains a portion of Hymn 60, part iii. If any + reader of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" would kindly inform + me what is the number of pages of the work, and where a copy may be seen, + he will oblige</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The work consists of 487 pages, with an index of twelve more. A copy + of it in in the Library of the British Museum.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Voltaire's Henriade.</i>—Is it known who is the author of the + English translation of this poem into blank verse, published in 1732. The + preface and the notes create a desire to know the author. In one of the + notes (17) he speaks of something as being "proved at large in my + <i>History of Christianity</i> now ready for the press." I am not aware + that any such work exists. Was it ever published? If not what became of + the manuscript?</p> + + <p class="author">S. T. D.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Voltaire's <i>Henriade</i> was translated by John Lockman, a + gentleman of great literary industry, who died Feb. 2, 1771. See + Nichols's <i>Bowyer</i>, and Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>. A + list of his published works will be found in Watt's <i>Bibliotheca + Britan</i>.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Christ-Crosse A.</i>—In Tatham's <i>Fancie's Theater</i>, + 12mo., 1640, is a poem in praise of sack, wherein the following lines + occur:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The very children, ere they scarce can say</p> + <p>Their Pater Noster, or their <i>Christ-crosse A</i>,</p> + <p>Will to their Parents prattle, and desire</p> + <p>To taste that Drinke which Gods doe so admire."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Can any of your readers inform me the meaning of "<i>Christ-Crosse + A</i>" here mentioned? Does it allude to some alphabet then in use?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cato</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The alphabet was so designated, because in the old primers a cross + was prefixed to it. Nares tells us that in French it was called <i>Croix + de par Dieu</i>; and upon reference to Cotgrave for an expression of that + term we find, "The Christ's-cross-row; or the hornbook wherein a child + learns it."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Apple-pie Order.</i>—<i>Spick and Span new.</i>—My wife + very much grudges my spending threepence a week for the "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>", and threatens me with stopping the + allowance unless I obtain from some of your correspondents answers to the + two following Queries:—</p> + + <p>1. What is the origin of the phrase "Apple-pie order?"</p> + + <p>2. Ditto—of "Spick and span new?"</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jerry Sneak</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We leave to some of our friends the task of answering the first of + the Queries which our correspondent has put to us by desire of his + "better-half."</p> + + <p>There is much curious illustration of the phrase <i>Spick and Span</i> + in Todd's <i>Johnson</i>, s. v. <i>Spick</i>: and Nares in his + <i>Glossary</i> says, "<i>Span-newe</i> is found in Chaucer:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'This tale was aie <i>span-newe</i> to begin.'—<i>Troil. and Cres.</i>, iii. 1671.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is therefore of good antiquity in the language, and not having been + taken from the French may best be referred to the Saxon, in which + <i>spannan</i> means to stretch. Hence <i>span-new</i> is fresh from the + <i>stretchers</i>, or frames, alluding to cloth, a very old manufacture + of the country; and <i>spick</i> and <i>span</i> is fresh from the spike, + or tenter, and frames. This is Johnson's derivation, and I cannot but + think it preferable to any other."</p> + + <p>A very early instance of the expression, not quoted by Todd, may be + found in the <i>Romance of Alexander</i>: <!-- Page 331 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page331"></a>{331}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Richelich he doth him schrede</p> + <p>In <i>spon-neowe</i> knightis weode."—L. 4054-5.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And <i>Weber</i>, in his <i>Glossary</i> (or rather, Mr. Douce, for + the "D" appended to the note shows it to have proceeded from that + accomplished antiquary), explains it, "<i>Spon-neowe</i>, span-new, newly + spun. This is probably the true explanation of spick and span new. Ihre + renders sping-spang, <i>plane novus</i>, in voce fick fack." The learned + Jamieson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, s. v. <i>Split-new</i> (which + corresponds to the German <i>Splitter neu</i>, i. e. as new as a splinter + or chip from the block), shows, at greater length than we can quote, that + <i>split</i> and <i>span</i> equally denote a splinter or chip; and in + his <i>Supplement</i>, s. v. <i>Spang-new</i>, after pointing out the + connexion between <i>spinga</i> (assula) and <i>spaungha</i> (lamina), + shows that, if this be the original, the allusion must be to metal newly + wrought, that has, as it were, the gloss from the fire on it: in short, + that the epithet is the same as one equally familiar to us, i. e. + <i>fire-new</i>, Germ. <i>vier-neu</i>. We will bring this note to a + close by a reference to Sewell's <i>Dutch Dictionary</i>, where + <i>Spikspëlder nieuw</i> is rendered "Spick and span new."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Theory of the Earth's Form.</i>—Have any objections to the + received theory of the earth's spherical form, or any revival of the old + "plane" doctrine, been recently noticed and controverted by + <i>scientific</i> men of known standing?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bruno</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The old theory has been advanced, and even lectured on, within these + two years; but no notice has been taken of it by scientific men.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Carolus Lawson.</i>—Who was "Carolus Lawson," of whom I have + a good print, engraved by Heath. He is called "Scholæ Mancuniensis + Archididascalus," 1797. "Pietas alumnorum" is inscribed underneath, and + on the back is written, probably by some grateful pupil—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Cari propinqui, cari liberi, cari parentes, sed omnes omnium + caritates <i>Archididascalus noster</i> + comprehendit."—<i>Cicero</i> (verbis quibusdam mutatis).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Mr. Charles Lawson was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, + and was presented by the president, Dr. Randolph, in 1749, to the place + of Second Master of Manchester Grammar School; upon the death of Mr. + Purnell, in 1764, he succeeded him as Head Master. The colleges of St. + John, in Cambridge, and of Brazenose, in Oxford, can bear witness to the + success with which he laboured for more than half a century in his + profession, having received from the Manchester school, whilst under his + direction, a very considerable number of well-grounded classical + scholars. He died at Manchester on April 19, 1807, aged seventy-nine. + Some further particulars respecting him may be found in the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lxxvii. part i. p. 583.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>HAYBANDS IN SEALS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., pp. 186. 248. 291.)</p> + + <p>I am sorry that in referring to a peculiarity in ancient seals under + this title, <span class="sc">Mr. Lower</span> should have pinned to his + notice a theory which I feel persuaded is quite untenable. It is surely + something new to those who have directed their attention to the numerous + devices upon seals to find that the husbandman had so low an opinion of + his own social status as to reject the use of any emblematical sign upon + his seal, when Thomas the smith, Roger the carpenter, and William the + farrier, bore the elements of their respective crafts as proudly as the + knight did his chevron or fess. But the question is one of facts. The + following examples of the use of the "hayband" are now before + me:—</p> + + <p>6 June, 7 Henry IV. Grant by John Dursley, citizen and armorer of + London, to William Serjaunt Taverner, of Stanes, and another, of a + messuage, &c. in Westminster. Seal of dark red was, about 1œ inch in + diameter; a hay-stalk twisted and pressed into the wax while hot, + inclosing a space as large as a shilling, in which is a poor impression + of a badly engraved seal; the whole very clumsy and rough.</p> + + <p>26 November, 24 Henry VI. Grant by Maurice Brune, Knight, Robert + Darcy, John Doreward, Henry Clovill, Esquire, John Grene, and Henry + Stampe, to Richard Hill and others, of lands, &c., in Sprinfield, + &c., in Essex. Each seal is round and thick, and has the impression + of a small armorial bearing. The 1st, 2nd, and 5th seals have a small + plaited coil of hay pressed into the wax, and inclosing the + impression.</p> + + <p>26 Henry VI. Receipt by Jane Grene for 10<i>l.</i> paid her by the + Earl of Ormond. Seal of diminutive size, and the impression nearly + defaced. Round the extreme edge is a "diminutive hayband."</p> + + <p>2 January, 34 Henry VI. Grant by Thomas Tudenham, Knight, John + Leventhorp, Esquire, and Thomas Radclyff, of the reversion of the manor + of Newhall to John Neell and others. All the seals, which are large and + thick and more than two inches in diameter, have the impression of a + signet ring inclosed with a "hayband" <i>of parchment</i> pressed into + them. One of these coils being loose shows itself to be a thin strip of + the label itself brought through the wax.</p> + + <p>10 February, 14 Edward IV. Lease by Sir Thomas Urswyk, Knight, Chief + Baron of the Exchequer, and Thomas Lovell, to John Morton and others, of + the manor of Newhall, Essex, and other lands, &c. The seal of Lovell + has his armorial bearings and legend; that of the Lord Chief Baron is the + impression of a signet ring, being a classical bust. The seal itself is a + thick ball of wax about <!-- Page 332 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page332"></a>{332}</span>two inches across, pressed into the face + of which is a "hayband" or twisted coil of <i>thin parchment</i> + inclosing the impression.</p> + + <p>I am sure that I have seen many examples much earlier and later, but + those given are merely in reference to the theory of your Lewes + correspondent. Even they are surely inconsistent with the idea of the + practice being peculiar to any locality or distinctive of any class. My + recollection would lead me to assign the fourteenth to the sixteenth + centuries as the period of its use. But still the question + remains—Has it any, and what signification? I have always + considered it to have been a contrivance to strengthen the substance of + the seal itself. The earliest instances I have seen were "appliqué" + seals, such as the royal privy seals, and with these it would seem to + have originated. Their frail nature suggested the use of some substance + to protect the thin layer of wax from damage by the crumpling of the + parchment on which they were impressed. For some time its use was + confined to this kind of seal; and fashion may perhaps have extended the + practice to pendent seals, where, however, it was often efficacious in + neutralising the bad quality of the wax so general in the fifteenth and + sixteenth centuries. The plaiting of the hay or straw sometimes assumed a + fanciful shape. Although the impressions of seals of the time of Henry + VII. are often very bad, there are generally traces of their existence; + these may perhaps be discovered in <span class="sc">Mr. Lower's</span> + seals if he looks more to the enclosure than to the substance forming + it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Joseph Burtt</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Haybands in Seals.</i>—<span class="sc">M. A. Lower</span> + thinks that <span class="sc">Mr. T. Hudson Turner</span> has misapplied + his description of the seals in his possession. The seals are not + <i>impressed upon haybands</i>, neither do "some ends of the hay or straw + protrude from the surface." The little fillet or wreath of hay, about + equal in diameter to a shilling, is <i>inlaid</i> upon the pendent lump + of wax, and forms the ornament or device of the seal, rather than an + integral portion of it, like that in the specimens referred to by <span + class="sc">Mr. Turner</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">M. A. Lower</span> begs, under favour, to add, that + the very fact of a Query being inserted in the pages of this + invaluable—one might almost say indispensable—publication, + implies a candid avowal <i>pro tanto</i> of ignorance on the part of the + Querist, who might reasonably expect a plain answer, unaccompanied by any + ungracious reflection on the side of the more highly-gifted <i>savant</i> + that furnished the reply. As a simple matter of taste, many other + correspondents besides <span class="sc">Mark Antony Lower</span> may + probably object, like the latter's eminent namesake, Mr. Tony Weller, to + being "pulled up so wery short," especially in cases where there is a + clear misapprehension on the part of the respondent.</p> + + <p><i>Haybands in Seals.</i>—It is impossible for one moment to + doubt the correctness of <span class="sc">Mr. Hudson Turner's</span> + remarks on this question, and I hasten to retract my own suggestions, + frankly acknowledging them to be erroneous.</p> + + <p>I had always taken the same view as <span class="sc">Mr. Turner</span> + (for it is very palpable to the eye, and speaks for itself), till + diverted from it by one of those sudden fancies which, spite of all + caution, will ever and anon unaccountably cross the mind and bewilder the + better judgment. To have established my view, these rushes should have + been proved to be affixed to deeds of <i>feoffment alone</i>; a point + which, at the moment, I overlooked. Even while I write, I have before me + a <i>lease</i> granted by the abbey of Denney in the fifteenth century, + with a rush in the seal; and <span class="sc">Mr. Turner's</span> cited + instances of royal charters put an end to all question.</p> + + <p>Lest others be led astray by my freak of fancy, without an opportunity + of correcting it by <span class="sc">Mr. Turner's</span> statement, the + proper course for me is to acknowledge myself wrong—palpably, + unmistakeably wrong,—<span class="sc">Mr. Turner's</span> + explanation is the correct one; thanks to him for it—<i>liberavi + animam meam</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">L. B. L.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>NORTH SIDE OF CHURCHYARDS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., pp. 93. 253.; Vol. iii., p. 125.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondents on this subject have generally taken it as + granted, that the prejudice against burying in this portion of the + churchyard is almost universal. In a former communication (Vol. ii., p. + 93.) I stated that there are at least some exceptions. Since that time I + have visited perhaps a hundred churchyards in the counties of York, + Derby, Stafford, Bucks, Herts, and Oxford, and in nearly half of these + burial had evidently been long since practised on the north side of the + several churches. The parish church of Ashby de la Zouch is built so near + the south wall of the churchyard, that the north must clearly have been + designed for sepulture. I was incumbent of an ancient village church in + that neighbourhood, which is built in the same manner, with scarcely any + ground on the south, the north being large and considerably raised by the + numerous interments which have taken place in it. It has also some old + tombs, which ten years ago were fast falling to decay. The part south of + the church contains very few graves, and all apparently of recent + date.</p> + + <p>In my former communication I mentioned, that in this churchyard burial + has been chiefly, till of late, on the north side of the church; and, + since that communication, a vault has been made on the south side, which + has convinced us the ground had never before been there broken up. The + soil is chalk; whereas, whenever a grave is made on the north side, human + dust and bones are so <!-- Page 333 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page333"></a>{333}</span>abundant, that the chalk soil has almost + lost its nature.</p> + + <p>Till more light can be thrown on the subject than what has yet + appeared in "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," I cannot but + retain my original opinion, viz., that the favourite part of interment, + in earlier times, was that nearest the principal entrance into the + church. The original object of burying in churches and churchyards was + the better to insure for the dead the prayers of the worshippers, as they + assembled for public devotion. Hence the churchyard nearest the entrance + into church would be most in request. The origin of the prejudice for the + south side, which I believe to be of recent date, may, I doubt not, be + ascertained from any superstitious cottager who entertains it. "It would + be so cold, sir," said one to me, "to be always lying where the sun would + never shine on me."</p> + + <p>If your correspondent on this subject in Vol. iii., p. 125., would ask + an old inhabitant of his parish which is the <i>backside</i> of their + church, and why it is so called? he would probably come at the fact. I + would refer him to Burn's <i>History of Parish Registers</i>, page 96., + foot-note, where he will find it stated that "a part of the churchyard + was sometimes left unconsecrated, for the purpose of burying + excommunicated persons."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Hastings Kelke</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Drayton Beauchamp.</p> + + <p><i>North Side of Churchyards.</i>—Your correspondents seem to be + agreed as to the facts, not as to the origin of the objection. I suspect + <span class="sc">Mr. Hawker</span> (Vol. ii., p. 253.) is nearest the + truth; and the following, from <i>Coverdale on Praying for the Dead</i>, + may help to strengthen his conjecture:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"As men die, so shall they arise: <i>if in faith</i> in the Lord + <i>towards the south</i>, they need no prayers; they are presently happy, + and shall arise in glory: <i>if in unbelief</i> without the Lord + <i>towards the north</i>, then are they past all hope."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">N. S.</p> + + <p><i>North Side of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 253. 346.).—The + subjoined extract from Bishop Wilkins's <i>Discourse concerning a New + Planet, tending to prove that it is probable our Earth is one of the + Planets</i>, 8vo., 1640, pp. 64-66., will serve to illustrate the passage + from Milton, of the north being "the devoted region of Satan and his + hosts:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It was the opinion of the Jewish rabbies, that man was created with + his face to the east; therefore the Hebrew word signifies <i>ante</i>, or + the east; <i>post</i>, or the west; <i>dextra</i>, or the south; + <i>sinistra</i>, or the north. You may see all of them put together in + that place of Job xxiii. 8, 9.: 'Behold I go forward, and he is not + there; and backward, but I cannot perceive him: on the left hand, where + he doth work, but I cannot behold him. He hideth himself on the right + hand, that I cannot see him.' Which expressions are, by some + interpreters, referred unto the four coasts of heaven, according to the + common use of those original words. From hence it is that many of the + ancients have concluded hell to be in the north, which is signified by + the left hand; unto which side, our Saviour tells us, that the goats + shall be divided. Which opinion likewise seems to be favoured by that + place in Job xxvi. 6, 7., where it is said, "Hell is naked before God, + and destruction hath no covering.' And presently it is added, 'He + stretcheth out the north over the empty place.' Upon these grounds, St. + Jerome interprets that speech of the Preacher, Eccles. xi. 3.: 'If the + tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the + tree falleth, there shall it be,' concerning those who shall go either to + heaven or hell. And in this sense also do some expound that of Zechariah + (xiv. 4.), where it is said that 'the Mount of Olives shall cleave in the + midst: half of it shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward + the south.' By which it is intimated, that amongst those Gentiles, who + shall take upon them the profession of Christ, there are two sorts: some + that go to the north, that is, to hell; and others to the south, that is, + to heaven. And therefore it is, say they, that God so often threatens + evil out of the north: and upon this ground it is, saith Besoldus, that + there is no religion that worships that way. We read of the Mahometans, + that they adore towards the south; the Jews towards the west; Christians + towards the east; but none to the <i>north</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. Y.</p> + + <p class="address">Hoxton.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE ROLLIAD, AND SOME OF ITS WRITERS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 276.)</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner</span> asks for information + regarding three writers in the <i>Rolliad</i>, viz.: Tickell, Richardson, + and Fitzpatrick. Memoirs of the first two are given in Chalmers's + <i>Dictionary</i>; but in Moore's <i>Life of Sheridan</i>, <span + class="sc">Mr. Turner</span> will find several notices of them, far more + attractive than dry biographical details. They were both intimately + associated with Sheridan; Tickell, indeed, was his brother-in-law. One + would prefer calling them his <i>friends</i>, but steady friendship must + rest upon a firmer basis than those gifts of wit, talent, and a keen + sense of the ridiculous, which prevailed so largely amongst this clever + trio.</p> + + <p>Tickell's production, <i>Anticipation</i>, is still remembered from + its cleverness and humour; but when every speaker introduced into its + pages has long been dead, and some of them were little known to fame, the + pamphlet is preserved by a few solely from the celebrity which it once + possessed.</p> + + <p>His death in 1793 was a most melancholy one. It is described by + Professor Smyth in in his interesting <i>Memoir of Sheridan</i>, a book + printed some years ago for distribution among his friends, and which well + deserves publication.</p> + + <p>Independent of his contributions to the <i>Rolliad</i>, <!-- Page 334 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page334"></a>{334}</span>Richardson did + little as an author. His comedy of <i>The Fugitive</i>, acted and + published in 1792, was well received, and is much praised. Why has this + production so completely disappeared?</p> + + <p>General Fitzpatrick was born in 1749, and died in 1815. He was the + second son of John, Earl of Upper Ossory; twice Secretary-at-War; once + secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Portland, but + what he regarded as his highest distinction, and it is recorded on his + tomb, was the friendship of Fox during forty years of their lives.</p> + + <p>Some of his speeches on the union with Ireland will be found in the + thirty-fourth volume of the <i>Parliamentary History</i>.</p> + + <p>His epitaph, by himself, is inscribed on a sarcophagus in the + church-yard at Sunning Hill, in which he describes himself—what his + friends admitted to be truth—a politician without ambition, a + writer without vanity.</p> + + <p>Which is the true reading in the following lines by Fitzpatrick on + Fox? In my copy the word "course" in the third line is erased, and the + word "mind" is substituted.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"A patriot's even course he steered,</p> + <p>Mid Faction's wildest storms unmoved:</p> + <p>By all who marked his <i>course</i> revered,</p> + <p>By all who knew his heart beloved."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Sheridan says most justly:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Wit being generally founded upon the manners and characters of its + own day, is crowned in that day, beyond all other exertions of the mind, + with splendid and immediate success. But there is always something that + equalises. In return, more than any other production, it suffers suddenly + and irretrievably from the hand of Time."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Still some publications, from their wit and brilliancy, are + sufficiently buoyant to float down to posterity. The publication in + question, the <i>Rolliad</i>, is one; the <i>Anti-Jacobin</i> another. + You may not be unwilling, in your useful pages, to give a list of some of + the writers in the latter publication. My own copy of it is marked from + that belonging to one of the writers, and is as follows:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Nos. 1. 4. 9. 19. 26, 27—33., by Mr George Ellis.</p> + <p>Nos. 6. and 7., by Messrs. Ellis and Frere.</p> + <p>Nos. 20, 21, 22. 30—36., by Mr. Canning.</p> + <p>No. 10. by M.; No. 13. by C. B.; No. 39. by N.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>To the remaining numbers, neither names nor initials are affixed. Can + any of your readers explain the initials, M., C. B., and N., and give us + the authors of the <i>remaining</i> numbers?</p> + + <p>In replying to Mr. <span class="sc">Turner's</span> Queries, I shall + attend to the wish expressed by so old and so valued a friend, and + substitute for initials, of which he disapproves, the name of</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Markland</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>RICHARDSON—TICKELL—FITZPATRICK.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 276.)</p> + + <p>I am much surprised at <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner's</span> + inquiry about these names. I will not say with him that, "not to know + them argues himself unknown." On the contrary, my wonder is, that one, + himself so well and so favourably known as <span class="sc">Mr. + Turner</span>, should have need to ask such a question about men with + whom, or, at least, with whose fame, he must have been a contemporary, + presuming, as I do, that he is the same <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson + Turner</span> with whose works we have been acquainted for above half a + century. Since, however, he has made the Query, I will answer it as + succinctly as I can.</p> + + <p>The Right Honourable Richard Fitzpatrick was the only brother of the + last Earl of Upper Ossory, and prominent in fashion, in politics, and in + elegant literature, and not undistinguished as a soldier. He sat in + <i>nine</i> successive parliaments (in two which I knew him). As early as + 1782 he was Secretary for Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary-at-War, which + office he again filled in 1806. In the galaxy of opposition wits, when + opposition was wittiest, Fitzpatrick was generally admitted to be the + first, and there were those who thought him <i>in general powers</i> + superior even to Fox and Sheridan. His oratory, however, did not do + justice to his talents, and he was both shy and indolent. His best speech + was that in December, 1796, for the release of Lafayette, to which even + the ridicule of the <i>Anti-Jacobin</i> allowed the merit of pathetic + eloquence. His share in the <i>Rolliad</i> was considerable, and there + are many other sprightly and some elegant specimens of his poetical + talents scattered through various publications. I wish they were + collected.</p> + + <p>Richard Tickell, the grandson of Addison's friend, and brother-in-law + to Sheridan, was the author of <i>Anticipation</i>, one of the liveliest + political pamphlets ever written. He published many occasional poems, the + best of which is a poetical "Epistle from Charles Fox, partridge + shooting, to Lord John Townsend, cruising." <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson + Turner</span> will find more about him in the <i>Biographical + Dictionary</i>.</p> + + <p>Joseph Richardson, who died in 1803, was M.P. for Newport in three + parliaments. He was an intimate friend of Sheridan's, and partner with + him in Drury Lane Theatre. He wrote a play, entitled <i>The Fugitive</i>; + but he is only remembered for his contributions (whatever they were) to + the <i>Rolliad</i>. In the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> (vol. lxxiii. p. + 602.), <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner</span> will find a longer + notice of him.</p> + + <p>There are a few remarks on the authors of the <i>Rolliad</i> in + Moore's <i>Life of Sheridan</i>, i. 420.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 335 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page335"></a>{335}</span></p> + +<h3>QUAKERS' ATTEMPT TO CONVERT THE POPE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 302.)</p> + + <p>I have never met with any satisfactory account of this singular Quaker + aggression. Perhaps it may be a contribution towards one if you can find + room for some notice of a tract in my possession. It is entitled, <i>A + Narrative of some of the Sufferings of J. P. in the City of Rome. London, + printed for Thomas Simmons, at the Bull and Mouth, near Aldersgate</i>, + 1661, 4to., pp. 16. This narrative of John Perrot's does not, however, + give any particulars respecting his going to Rome, or the proceedings + which led to his captivity there, but begins with the words—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When I was cast into Prison, because I loved the souls of my + enemies," &c.;</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and after eight pages, chiefly occupied by inflated description of his + sorrows, from which one obtains no facts, he tells us that God took pity + on him,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"And raised up his little babe, my dear Brother Thomas Hart, to set + his tender soul nearer unto my sufferings, and made him take my burdens + on his back, and the yoak of my tribulation on his neck, and made him sup + of my sore sorrows, and drink of the bleedings of my grief,'—</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and so he goes on; but we do not learn what Thomas Hart did, except + that he comforted John Perrot in his confinement.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Moreover," he says, "the everlasting mercies of my God did stir up + the bowels of other two of his tender babes, named in the tent Jane + Stokes and Charles Baylie, to come to visit me whilest I was as forsaken + of all men."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>They persevered, he tells us,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"in their pilgrimage until they arrived to Rome, where C. B. offered + his life to ransom me, and both of them entered into captivity for the + love which they bore to my life."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>His <i>Narrative</i> (strictly speaking) contains no further + information, but that at the bottom of the tenth page it is dated and + signed,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Written in Rome Prison of Madmen. JOHN."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The remaining six pages of the pamphlet consist of a letter from + Charles Baylie, giving an account of his pilgrimage with Jane Stokes, + from Dover to Calais, Paris, Marseilles, Genoa, until</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Arriving," he says, "safe at Rome, we were drawn in our lives + directly to the place where the dearly beloved J. P. was, and coming to + the prison door, I enquired for him, and having answer of his being + there, I desired for to speak with him, but it would not be permitted us; + So it was said in me, <i>Write unto him</i>, which I did, the which he + answered us in the fulness of love, which refreshed us after our weary + steps; For our souls were refreshed one in another, though one another's + faces we had never seen to the outward, and then we being kept in a holy + fear not to do nor act one way nor other, but as we were moved of the + Lord, least we should add to his bonds,—I say, being thus kept, we + were delivered out of the snare of the fowler, who secretly lay in wait + to betray our innocency; And after a little time the Lord showed me I + should go to the inquisition, which I did, and enquired for the + Inquisitor, as I was showed of the Lord I should do; and when I spoke to + him I told him <i>I was come from England for to see my brother + J. P.</i>; to which he answered, <i>I should see him</i>, and appointed + me to come to a certain place called <i>Minerva</i>, and there, saith he, + <i>I will procure you the liberty of the Cardinalls to see him</i>; he + had me also to the Inquisition office, where he asked many questions of + me concerning our religion, to which I answered in the simplicity of my + heart in the fear of the Lord; and at the appointed time I came to the + place aforesaid, and there I was showed what further I should do, which + was to tender my body for my brother; and so from that time I hardly + missed opportunity to speak to them as often as they met: for their + manner was thus to meet twice a-week, the one time at <i>Minerva</i>, and + the other time at <i>Monte-Cavallo</i>, where the Pope's own dwelling is, + where I also did the like, more than once, which stirred them up against + me, in great enmity," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I am afraid I am trespassing on your overfilled columns; + but—omitting his account of his going to the Jews' synagogue, and + of the command which he received to fast twenty days as a testimony + against those who falsely stated that John Luffe had fasted nineteen days + and died on the twentieth—omitting this, I must give one more + extract. Having been detained in one of his visits to the <i>Minerva</i>, + he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"From thence I was carried to the Inquisition, where I was shut up + close, and after I had been there 3 dayes the Lord said to me, <i>Thou + must go to the Pazzarella</i>, which was the Prison or Hospital of mad + men, where our dear brother was prisoner; and it was also said unto me, + <i>Thou shalt also speak to the Pope</i>; And at the 17 dayes end, I was + led from the Inquisition towards the other prison, and by the way I met + the Pope carried in great pomp; as it was the good will of the Lord that + I should speak unto him, men could not prevent it, for I met him towards + the foot of a bridge, where I was something nigh him, and when he came + against me, the people being on their knees on each side of him, I cried + to him with a loud voice in the Italian tongue, <i>To do the thing that + was Just, and to release the Innocent</i>; and whilest I was speaking, + the man which led me had not power to take me away until I had done, and + then he had me to prison where my endeared brother was, where I fasted + about 20 dayes as a witness against that bloody generation," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As to how they got out, he only says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Soon after my fast, the Lord, by an outstretched arm, wrought our + deliverance, being condemned to perpetual galley-slavery, if ever we + returned again unto Rome."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It appears, however, that though thus prevented from exercising his + office of a missionary in Rome, Charles Baylie did not relinquish it. In + the letter just quoted he informs his correspondent (who this was does + not appear), that since he had seen his face, he had been several times + (as he was while <!-- Page 336 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page336"></a>{336}</span>writing) shut up in strong prisons; and + the letter is dated</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The third of the sixth month, 1661. <i>From the Common Gaol in</i> + <span class="correction" title="Original reads `Burkdon', corrected by errata in issue 80." + >Burkdou</span>, <i>in</i> France, <i>about thirty leagues from</i> + Dover, <i>where I am a sufferer for speaking the Word of the Lord to two + Priests, saying</i>, All Idols, all Idolatries, and all Idol Priests must + perish."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>John Perrot seems to have considered that his mission extended over + all the world. While in Rome Prison of Madmen, he wrote an address "To + all people upon the face of the Earth," which he "sent thence the 8th of + the 10th month, 1660;" and he was, no doubt, the author of the tract + which follows it (and precedes the narrative) in my volume, entitled + "Blessed openings of a day of good things to the Turks. Written to the + Heads, Rulers, Ancients, and Elders of their Land, and whomsoever else it + may concern," though it is only signed "JOHN." To him also, I suppose, we + must ascribe another tract, <i>Discoveries of the Day-dawning to the + Jewes. Whereby they may know in what state they shall inherit the riches + and glory of Promise</i>. "J. P." is all that is given for the author's + name on the title-page, but the tract is signed <span lang="he" + class="heb" title="JWHN" ><bdo + dir="rtl">יוהן</bdo></span>, that is, John. He + too, I presume, was the author of another of the tracts, <i>An Epistle to + the Greeks, especially to those in and about Corinth and Athens, &c. + Written in Egripo in the Island of Negroponte, by a Servant of the Lord: + J. P.</i> He seems to have been at Athens on the 27th day of the 7th + month, in the year accounted 1657, being the first day of the week, the + day of Greek solemn worship, and to have been "conversant" with Carlo + Dessio and Gumeno Stephaci, "called Greek doctors."</p> + + <p class="author">S. R. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Gloucester.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SNAIL-EATING.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 221.)</p> + + <p>Snail-eating is by no means uncommon. When I was a youth I took a + dozen snails every morning to a lady who was of a delicate constitution, + and to whom they were recommended as wholesome food. They were boiled, + and mixed up with milk. They were the common snail, usually found about + old garden walls. A friend of mine, in walking round his garden, was in + the habit of picking the snails off his fruit-trees and eating them raw. + He was somewhat fastidious, for I have seen him take a snail, put it to + his tongue, and reject it as not of a good flavour, and select another + more agreeable to his taste. We are strange creatures of habit, + especially in our feeding. I am fond of oysters, muscles, and cockles; + but I do not think anything could induce me to taste a snail, a + periwinkle, or a limpet.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H.</p> + + <p><i>Snail-eating.</i>—This practice is very general in Italy. + While residing near Florence, my attention was often attracted by a heap + of fifty or one hundred very clean, empty, snail-shells, in a ditch, or + under a bush; and I indulged in many vain speculations, before I could + account for so strange a phenomenon.</p> + + <p>One day, however, I happened to meet the <i>contadina</i> coming out + of my garden with a basket on her arm; and from her shy, conscious + manner, and an evident wish to avoid my seeing the contents, I rather + suspected she had been making free with my peaches. To my surprise, + however, I found that she was laden with the delicious + <i>frutta-di-terra</i> (sometimes so called, as the Echinus, so common + along the Italian coast, is called <i>frutta-di-mare</i>); and thinking + that she had been collecting them simply from regard to my fruit and + vegetables, I thanked her for her kind services. But she understood me + ironically, and, with a good deal of confusion, offered to carry them to + the kitchen, apologising most elaborately, and assuring me that she would + on no account have taken them, had not our cook told her that we despised + them, and that she would no doubt be welcome. I asked her what in the + world she intended to do with them? and, with a look of amazement at my + question, even surpassing mine at her reply, she informed me that her + brother and his wife had come to pay them a visit, and that, with my kind + permission, she would thus treat them to "<i>una bellissima cena</i>." + She had collected about three quarts, during a search of two hours. The + large brown kind only are eaten. Among the poor they are generally + esteemed a delicacy, and reputed to be marvellously nutritious.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nocab.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SIR JOHN DAVIES, DAVIS, OR DAVYS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 82.)</p> + + <p>The following additional particulars of this eminent lawyer and poet + may be deemed interesting. In a letter from Mr. Pary to the Rev. Josiah + Mead, of the 26th November, 1626, it is stated:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Tomorrow, it is said Sergeant Richardson shall be Lord Chief Justice + of the Common Pleas, and Sir John Davis nominated to the King's Bench, + because he hath written a book in defence of the legality of this new + Loan."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In another letter of the 9th December, 1626, it is stated:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I heard last night that Sergeant Davis, who it is said looked to be + Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in place of Sir Randal Crew, was + found dead in his bed."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And, again, in a letter from the Rev. Josiah Mead to Sir Martin + Stuteville, of the 16th Dec., 1626:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This of the death of Sir John Davis, for aught I <!-- Page 337 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page337"></a>{337}</span>can hear, + holds true. It is added, that he was at supper with my Lord Keeper that + evening before I was told by him that he should be Lord Chief Justice of + the King's Bench; but he lived not to see the morning. My Lord of + Huntingdon rode up, upon this news, for he is his heir."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Ferdinando Lord Hastings, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, + married Lucy, daughter and heiress of Sir John Davis, and in 1613 + succeeded his father as Earl of Huntingdon.</p> + + <p>Sir John Davis married Lady Eleanor, only daughter of the Earl of + Castlehaven, and sister of the infamous Earl. She remarried Sir Archibald + Douglas, and died in 1652. She was the lady of the anagram celebrity, + "Reveal, oh, Daniel," and "Never so mad a lady." There is no doubt that + she and her brother were as mad as could well be.</p> + + <p>In a letter from Mr. Edward Rossingham to Sir Thomas Puckering, dated + 4th January, 1636, it is stated:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sunday before Christmas the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter of Lichfield + sent up a complaint against the Lady Eleanor Davis. It seems the + cathedral church in Lichfield is lately very beautifully set out with + hangings of arras behind the altar, the Communion table handsomely railed + in, and the table itself set out in the best manner, and the Bishop's + seat fairly built. This Lady came one Communion day, in the morning, with + a kettle in one hand and a brush in the other, to sprinkle some of her + holy water (as she called that in the kettle) upon these hangings and the + Bishop's seat, which was only a composition of tar, pitch, sink-puddle + water, &c., and such kind of nasty ingredients, which she did + sprinkle upon the aforesaid things. This being the act of a mad woman, + the Lords, to prevent further mischief, have given out two warrants, the + one to bring the Lady to Bethlehem, the other to the keeper of Bethlehem + to receive her. There are messengers gone into Staffordshire to bring her + up."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It appeared afterwards she was so poor, that it became a question at + the Council who should maintain her. She seems to have been wholly + neglected by her second husband.</p> + + <p>Sir John Davis and his lady are buried in the church of St. Martin's + in the Fields, and the following are their epitaphs, from Strype's + <i>Stow</i>, book vi. p. 72.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"D. O. M. S. Johannes Davys, Equestris ordinis quondam Attornati Regis + Generalis amplissima Provincia in regno Hib. functus. Inde in Patriam + revocatus inter Servientes Domini Regis ad Legem primum locum sustinuit. + Ob. 1626."</p> + + <p>"Accūbat dignissimo marito incomparabilis Uxor, &c., + 1652."</p> + + <p>"<i>Note.</i>—She was the Lady Eleanora, the only daughter of + the Earl of Castlehaven, Baron Audley."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. H. Lammin.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Fulham, April 15. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LOCKE MSS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 413.)</p> + + <p>In reference to an inquiry after MSS. relating to Locke, I enclose + particulars of a small 4to. MS. volume in my possession.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Kerslake.</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>MANUSCRIPT.</i>—<span class="sc">Locke's</span> (John, <i>an + Attorney living at Publow, and father of the illustrious Metaphysician of + the same name</i>) Common-Place Book, containing Matters (relating to the + Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, Kainsham, Brewton, Catsashe, Norton Ferris, + Horethorne, Froome, Wellowe, Whitstone, Wells Forum, Portbury, Bathe + Forum, Winterstoke, Bempstone, Kilmersdon, Brent, Hartliffe and + Bedminster, Hampton and Claverton, and Phillips Norton Liberties, + Glaston, Queene Camell, &c.) of daily use to him as Court Keeper to + Col. Alex. Popham, a Magistrate and Leader of Parliamentary Forces in + Somersetsh., <i>variously dated from 1629 to 1655, all in the handwriting + of the elder John Locke</i>,—also many entries by other hands of + other matters, in the remaining leaves of the same volume, many of which + are probably in the handwriting of the afterwards distinguished younger + John Locke, <i>4to. original vellum wrapper, 12l. 12s.</i></p> + + <p>Contains:—</p> + + <p>Entries of Bailments and Bindings over of Prosecutors in cases of + Felony which occurred in the neighbourhood of Pensford, for the Assizes + at Bath, Taunton, Bridgewater, and Wells, 1630-31.</p> + + <p>Appointment at Bathe of Overseers of Woollen Cloth, 1631, for Chew, + Dundry, Chewstoke, Ubley, Mids. Norton, Kainsham, Publow, Kelston, + Mounton Coombe, Bathford, Bathwicke, Freshford, Weston, Froome, Rode, + Beckington, Lullington, Berkley, Chew, Mells, and Leigh, Colsford, + Hampton et Claverton, Batheaston, Charterhouse Hinton, with the names of + the Overseers.</p> + + <p>Scotch Postures (Humorous).</p> + + <p>Names of the Tithings in the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and + Kainsham.</p> + + <p>Abp. Usher on the Liturgie and Episcopall Government, 1640.</p> + + <p>The Sums of the Payment of each Tithing of the above hundreds of the + 1st of 15th and 10th of the Subsidy of 3-15ths and 10ths to K. James, to + declare war against Spain, 1623-4.</p> + + <p>The Yearlie Proportion of the Severall Hundreds of the Easterne + Division of the Countie towarde the releife of the Hospitall, + 1632.—Ditto, Westerne Division.</p> + + <p>The Yearlie Rate for the Maymed Soldiers of every Hundred and Libertie + within this County of Somerset.</p> + + <p>The Rate of Kainsham Hundred, with the amount of each Parish.</p> + + <p>A Rate devised at Hinton in 1601, for the raising of 100 men for + Ireland, with consent of the Bath Magistrates, and their names.</p> + + <p>The number and proportion of Shipping within Englande and Wales, to be + made readie against Mar. 1, 1635.</p> + + <p>Hundred of Kainsham, Quarterlie Payment of each tithing to the + Hospitalls and Maymed Soldiers.</p> + + <p>A Rate made at Pensford 23rd Sept., 1635, for the raising of + 160<i>l.</i> <!-- Page 338 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page338"></a>{338}</span></p> + + <p>The Assizes holden at Bathe, 24th July, 1637, before the Right Honble. + S. Fynch,—the Names of the Justices (among whom are John Stowell, + Ralph Hopton, John Horner, Rob. Hopton, John Harington, &c.), and the + Names of the Grand Jury.</p> + + <p>Subsidie 17th Charles:—A Particular how each Tithing within the + Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham stands chardged, for the Reliefe + of his Maties Army and the Northerne parte of the Kingdom, Thomas Hunt of + Dundry, Collector.</p> + + <p>The Protestation by Order of Parliament, 5<sup>o</sup> Maij, + 1641,—with Jo. Locke's acceptance of the Protestation in the Parish + Church of Publoe, 3rd Apr., 1642.</p> + + <p>Kainsham:—The "Purblinde, Partiall, and Innovated Rate" of this + Hund., 24th Sept., 1649.</p> + + <p>Kainsham Hund.—A Rate for Ship-money—with the Particulars + of every Tithing, Parish, and Particular Person chardged—contains + the name of every rateable person in the parishes of Burnet, Preston, + Stanton Drew, Stanton Prior, Salford, Publoe, Marksbury, Chelworth, + Shrubwell, Belluton, Compton Dando, Farmborrow, Chewton, Whitchurch, + Charlton, Brislington, and Kainsham, with the amount of this celebrated + tax assessed to each person.</p> + + <p>The Names of the Lords Lieutenants nominated by the Howse of Comons, + 1641.</p> + + <p>The Muster Roll of the Collonell Sir Rawfe Hopton, Knight, his Band of + 200 foote Soldiers, within the Eastern Division, and Regiment of the + Countie of Somerset.—Bathe, xxi<sup>o</sup> xxij<sup>do</sup> Maij, + 1639.—(Contains, a List of the Officers, "William Tynte," + &c.—a list of bearers of Pikes, with the Names of the Soldiers + and of the gentlemen or tithings for whom they serve,—also a + similar list of the bearers of "Shott.")</p> + + <p>A list of Parishes in the Deaneries of Froome and Bedminster, with the + name of the Clergyman of each, the arms supplied by him, and the Names of + the men who bore them.</p> + + <p>A Rate for raising £41-00-03 per mensem, in the hund. of Kainsham, for + Generall Fairfax Army, 1648.</p> + + <p>Several Papers relating to Differences concerning Rates between the In + Hundred and Out Hundred of Kainsham.</p> + + <p>Particulars and Value of Feer's Tenement, in Belluton, now in the + possession of Henry Stickland, given in by him this day, 24 Dec., + 1655.</p> + + <p>Rente to my Landlord, Coll. Alex. Popham, out of the 3 Tenements I + hold in Publoe, and the Lives thereon at the time of their obtaining, + 1650.</p> + + <p>A Receipt for his Rente at Publoe, 3. 8bris & 11 Dec., 1638.</p> + + <p><i>The above are in the handwriting of Jo. Locke, the elder; in + another hand, on blank covers, left by the former, + are</i>—Propositions on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Philosophy:—Phisicke, Ethike, and Dialectike.</p> + <p>De Providentia Dei et ad genus.</p> + <p>De Prædestinatione.</p> + <p>Propositiones Catholicæ.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>N.B. One of the later chapters of the Essay on the Human Understanding + is treated under propositions nearly identical with the leaf of the MS. + which is described in the preceding four lines.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Copia Actus locationis Mensæ Dominicæ in Ecclesia S. Gregorij Civitatis London.</p> + <p>Character of Drunkenness (<i>Rhyme</i>), &c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>At the end, in several hands, are various receipts: one in the elder + Locke's handwriting, 'The Weapon Salve, and the use thereof, as it was + sent unto mee as a most excellent and rare secret from my Cosin Alderman + John Locke<a name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>, of + Bristoll, in his Letter, dat. 5<sup>o</sup> Apr. 1650,'—also 'To + make Shineing Inke', signed 'J L: Ox:'</p> + + <p>On the last leaf is a record of the Births, Marriages and Deaths of + the Locke Family, from 1603 to 1624, including that of John Locke, the + father, 29 April, 1606."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a + href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + <p>High Sheriff of Bristol in 1626, and the Mayor of Bristol in 1641 who + refused admittance to the royal forces. See Barrett and Seyer.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Defoe's Anticipations</i> (Vol. iii., p. 287.).—Defoe had + probably seen the English translation, or rather abridgment, of Father + Dos Santos's <i>Ethiopia Oriental</i>, in Purchas's <i>Pilgrimes</i> + (vol. ii. 1544, fol. ed.), in which some hints are given of the great + lake (nyassi, <i>i. e.</i> sea) Maravi, which lies nearly parallel with + the eastern coast, and was known to D'Anville, in whose map <i>Massi</i> + is misengraved for Niassi. A very careful examination of the Portuguese + expeditions across the continent of Africa has been given by Mr. Cooley, + in the <i>Journal of the Royal Geographical Society</i> (vol. xv. p. + 185.; xvi. p. 138.), and he has ascertained, approximately, the extent + and position of that great lake, which, from distrust of D'Anville, one + of the most exact geographers, had been expunged from all modern maps. It + is considerably to the N. and E. of the Nyami lately determined, and of + much greater extent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anatol.</span></p> + + <p><i>Epitaph in Hall's Discovery</i> (Vol. iii., p. 242.).—The + work entitled <i>Discovery of a New World, or a Description of the South + Indies, hitherto unknown, by an English Mercury, imprinted by E. + Blount</i>, no date, 12mo., is not, as our correspondent supposes, very + rare, nor is it by Bishop Hall. It is a free translation, or rather + paraphrase, and an excellent one in its way, by John Healey, of Bishop + Hall's very entertaining <i>Mundus Alter et Idem</i>, first published in + 12mo., Francof., without date, afterwards reprinted with Campanella's + <i>Civitas Solis</i> and Bacon's <i>Atlantis</i> at Utrecht, 1643, 24mo., + and subsequently included in the edition of Bishop Hall's works by Pratt, + 10 vols., Lond., 1808, 8vo. The epitaph quoted is not a satire upon any + statesman of the time. The writer is describing the Land of + Changeableness, or, as it is called in the Latin original, "Variana vel + Moronia Mobilis," and gives in the course of his description this epitaph + on Andreas Vortunius (a vertendo), or, as he is styled in the English + <!-- Page 339 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page339"></a>{339}</span>translation, "Andrew Turncoate." The + epitaph occurs in p. 132. of the Latin edition of 1643, and is evidently, + as indicated by the marginal notes, an imitation or parody of the famous + one on Æelia Lælia Crispis, which has exercised the ingenuity of so many + writers, and of which our own countryman, Richard White, of Basingstoke, + the historian, has given three different interpretations. See his <i>Ælia + Lælia Crispis, Epitaphium Antiquum quod in Agro Bononiensi adhuc videtur, + a diversis interpretatum varie, novissime autem a Richardo Vito + explicatum</i>, Padua, 1568, 4to. An article on this epitaph and its + various interpreters, of whom I have collected about forty, might be made + a very interesting one.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We wish <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span>—than whom no one + is more competent—would favour us with such an article. The + following communication from <span class="sc">Mr. Forbes</span> is only + one of several we have received, showing that the interest in this enigma + is not abated.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Epitaph in Hall's Discovery</i> (Vol. iii., p. 242.).—When + this epitaph is assigned to its right owner, it may perhaps throw some + light on its twin-brother—the epitaph on "Ælia Lælia + Crispis"—"<i>about which many of the learned have puzzled their + heads</i>." (See <i>Encyc. Brit.</i>, article "Ænigma.") I enclose a copy + of this epitaph, which you can use or not, as you please. If you think + that it might help to "unearth" Mister Andrew Turnecoate, you may perhaps + like to lay it before your readers; if, on the other hand, that it would + but increase the difficulty of the operation by distracting attention + needlessly, you can hand it over to "the Editor's best friend"—the + fire.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="scac">D. M.</span><br /> +<b>Ælia Lælia Crispis</b>,<br /> +Nec vir, nec mulier,<br /> +Nec androgyna<br /> +Nec puella, nec juvenis,<br /> +Nec anus;<br /> +Nec casta, nec meretrix,<br /> +Nec pudica;<br /> +Sed omnia;<br /> +Sublata<br /> +Neque fame, neque ferro,<br /> +Neque veneno;<br /> +Sed omnibus:<br /> +Nec cœlo, nec terris,<br /> +Nec aquis,<br /> +Sed ubique jacet.<br /> +Lucius Agatho Priscius,<br /> +Nec maritus, nec amator,<br /> +Nec necessarius;<br /> +Neque mœrens, neque gaudens,<br /> +Neque flens;<br /> +Hanc,<br /> +Nec molem, nec pyramidem,<br /> +Nec sepulchrum,<br /> +Sed omnia,<br /> +Scit et nescit, cui posuerit."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p> + + <p><i>Saint Thomas of Lancaster.</i>—The following passage in + Fuller's <i>Worthies</i> (of Yorkshire) does not seem to have been + noticed by either of your correspondents who replied to <span + class="sc">Mr. R. M. Milnes'</span> Query in Vol. i., p. 181.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Thomas Plantagenet. Before I proceed, I must confess myself formerly + at a great loss to understand a passage in an honourable author, speaking + of the counterfeit reliques detected and destroyed at the Reformation: + 'The Bell of Saint Guthlac, and the <i>Felt</i> of Saint Thomas of + Lancaster, both remedies for the headache.' (Vice Lord Herbert's <i>Life + of Henry VIII.</i>, p. 431.) But I could recover no Saint <i>Thomas</i> + (saving him of <i>Canterbury</i>) in any English Martyrology, till since, + on enquiry, I find him to be this <i>Thomas Plantagenet</i>. He was Earl + of Derby, Lancaster, Leicester, and (in the right of Alice his wife) of + Lincoln. A popular person, and great enemy to the two Spencers, minions + to King Edward II, who being hated as devils for their pride, no wonder + if this Thomas was honored as a Saint and Martyr by the common sort.<a + name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Indeed he must + be a very good chymist who can extract <i>martyr</i> out of + <i>malefactor</i>; and our chronicles generally behold him put to death + for treason against King Edward II. But let him pass for a saint in this + shire, though never solemnly canonised, it being true of such local + saints, what Servius Honoratus observeth of topical gods, '<i>ad alias + regiones nunquam transibant</i>,' they travelled not so far as to be + honored in other countries. His beheading, <i>alias</i> his martyrdom, + happened at Pomfret <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1322."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It would appear from the foregoing extract that Thomas of Lancaster + was never admitted into the Romish calendar of saints; though his memory + was locally revered, especially for his opposition to the two Spencers, + or Despensers, as they are called by Hume. This historian had no respect + for "the turbulent Lancaster;" but the quaint old Fuller seems to have + thought well of him.</p> + + <p>As a <i>bell-man</i> I am more interested in the virtues of the bell + of Saint Guthlac, than in the hat of Saint Thomas, and I take this + opportunity of asking assistance from the readers of "<span + class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" towards a collection of curious + anecdotes and information about bells, which I am endeavouring to make. + Any contributions will be thankfully received by me.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a + href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + <p>"<i>In sanctorum numerum retulit vulgus.</i>—Camden's + <i>Brit.</i> in Yorkshire. Amongst other profits received by the abbey of + Leicester, in 1348, from oblations at the church of St. Martin in that + town, occurs, <i>pes Thomæ Lancastriæ respondebat, 6l. + 10s.</i>"—<i>History of Leicestershire</i>, vol. i. p. 591.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Francis Moore</i> (Vol. iii., p. 263.).—That such a personage + really did exist there can be little doubt. Bromley (in <i>Engraved + Portraits, &c.</i>) gives 1657 as the date of his birth, and says + that there was a portrait of him by Drapentier <i>ad vivum</i>. Lysons + mentions him as one of the <!-- Page 340 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page340"></a>{340}</span>remarkable men who, at different periods, + resided at Lambeth, and says that his house was in Calcott's Alley, High + Street, then called Back Lane, where he seems to have enlightened his + generation in the threefold capacity of astrologer, physician, and + schoolmaster.</p> + + <p class="author">J. C. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Lambeth.</p> + + <p>"<i>Tickhill, God help me</i>" (Vol. i., p. 247.; Vol. ii., p. + 452.).—Although I am full late with my pendent, I am tempted to add + the instance of "Kyme God Knows," well known to all explorers of the + Fens. The adjunct, "God knows," is supposed to be part of the following + verse:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It's Kyme, God knows,</p> + <p>Where no corn grows,</p> + <p class="i1">And very little hay;</p> + <p>And if there come a wet time,</p> + <p class="i1">It <i>weshes</i> all away."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>If I misquote, perhaps some Fen man will set me right.</p> + + <p>As to the "Lincoln-heath where should 'un?" instanced by your + correspondent <span class="sc">H. C. St. Croix</span>, in the No. for + April 27, 1850, it is quite unknown in this neighbourhood, and I believe + must belong to some other locale.</p> + + <p class="author">B.</p> + + <p class="address">Lincoln.</p> + + <p><i>Meaning of Tye</i> (Vol. iii., p. 263.).—On or contiguous to + the South Downs, in Sussex, there are several portions of land bearing + this designation, as Berwick Tye, Alfriston Tye, Telscombe Tye, &c. + They are all contiguous to the villages from which they derive their + names. These lands were formerly held in common by the tenants of the + respective manors, and I think the origin of the expression may be traced + to the tethering or <i>tying</i>-up of cows, horses, &c., for the + double purpose of preventing their straying, and of preserving the fences + of the neighbouring tenements. I offer this conjecture with some + diffidence, because the word is very often found in <i>composition</i> + with proper names of places, as Lavortye, Brambletye, Holtye, Puxtye, + Ollantigh. The vulgar notion, that it means a space which originally + measured ten acres, is, I think, untenable.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">M. A. Lower.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lewes.</p> + + <p><i>Dutch Church in Norwich</i> (Vol. iii., p. 209.).—Some + interesting details connected with the establishment of the Dutch Church + in Norwich, as well as the first settlement of the Walloons in that city, + will be found in Blomefield's <i>History of Norfolk</i>, vol. iii. p. + 282. et seq., edit. 1806.</p> + + <p class="author">J. Y.</p> + + <p><i>The Dutch Church, Norwich.</i>—Some account of this church + may be seen in Burn's <i>History of the Foreign Refugees</i>, 1846. It is + to be regretted, however, that the registers and acts of vestry are + missing. The <i>seal</i> of the church has lately been discovered.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. B.</p> + + <p><i>Lost Manuscripts</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261.)—In pursuance + of <span class="sc">Mr. Mackenzie's</span> suggestions respecting the + search for lost manuscripts, permit me to ask, if all hope must be + considered as given up of decyphering any more of those discovered at + Herculaneum, or of resuming the excavations there, that have been so long + discontinued? Perhaps the improved chemical processes of recent days + might be found more successful in facilitating the unrolling of the MSS., + than the means resorted to so long ago by Sir H. Davy. Can any of your + correspondents state whether anything has been done lately with the + Herculaneum MSS.?</p> + + <p>Eustace says that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"As a very small part of Herculaneum has hitherto been explored, it is + highly probable that if a general excavation were made, ten times the + number of MSS. above mentioned (1800) might be discovered, and among + them, perhaps, or very probably, some of the first works of antiquity, + the loss of which has been so long lamented."—<i>Classical + Tour</i>, vol. i. 4to., p.585.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Oxford.</p> + + <p><i>The Circulation of the Blood</i> (Vol. iii., p.252.).—In a + paraphrase on Ecclesiastes xii. 1-6., entitled, <i>King Solomon's + Portraiture of Old Age</i>, by John Smith, M.D., London, 1676, 8vo., + 1752, 12mo., the author attributes the discovery of the circulation of + the blood to King Solomon. Mede also finds the same anticipation of + science in "the pitcher broken at the fountain." Who was the first to + suggest the transfusion of blood?</p> + + <p class="author">T. J.</p> + + <p><i>Alliteration</i> (Vol. iii., p. 165.)—Your correspondent + H. A. B., in quoting the seventh stanza from Phineas Fletcher's <i>Purple + Island</i>, observes, that the second line,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"A life that lives by love, and loves by light,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>is "noticeable" for its <i>alliteration</i>. But the best specimen + that I have met with in English—after having read much verse, and + published a volume, which my partial friends call poetry—will be + found in Quarles' <i>Divine Emblems</i>, book ii. emblem ii. Beyond all + question, Quarles was a poet that needed not "apt alliteration's artful + aid" to add to the vigour of his verse, or lend liquidity to his lines. + Quarles is often queer, quaint, and querulous, but never prolix, prosey, + or puling.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"We sack, we ransack to the utmost sands</p> + <p>Of native kingdoms, and of foreign lands:</p> + <p><i>We travel sea and soil; we pry, we prowl,</i></p> + <p><i>We progress, and we prog from pole to pole</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Verily, old Francis must have had a prophetic peep at the effects of + <i>free trade</i>, and the growing greatness of Great Britain, in the + gathering of the Nations under a huge <span class="sc">Glass Case</span> + in Hyde Park, in the present year 1851!</p> + + <p class="author">C. G.</p> + + <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 341 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page341"></a>{341}</span></p> + + <p><i>Vineyards in England</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392.).—The Lincoln + "Vine Closes" may as well be added to the rest. They were given to the + church here by Henry I. See the charter, entitled <i>Carta Hen. I. de + Vinea sua Linc.</i>, in Dugdale (Caley's) vol. vi. p. 1272. Their site is + a rather steep slope, facing the south, and immediately east of the city. + The southern aspect of our hill was celebrated long ago by some poet, as + quoted by H. Huntingdon:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Urbs in colle sita est, et collis vergit ad austrum".</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>N.B. One of the Abbey fields at Bullington, a few miles east of + Lincoln, is known as the Hopyard. The plant has never been cultivated in + these parts within memory, or the range of the faintest tradition, but + the character of the soil is clayey, and perhaps not unsuitable. Were + hopyards often attached to monasteries? The house at Bullington was of + the order of Sempringham.</p> + + <p class="author">B.</p> + + <p class="address">Lincoln.</p> + + <p><i>Countess of Desmond</i> (Vol. iii., p. 250.).—If your + correspondents on this subject should be wandering to the south-east of + London, they may be interested in knowing that there are two very + striking portraits of this lady in Kent, one at Knowle, near Seven Oaks; + the other, which is the more remarkable picture of the two, at Bedgebury, + near Cranbrook, the seat of Viscount Beresford.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. Y.</p> + + <p><i>St. John's Bridge Fair</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 88. 287.).—I + cannot agree with the conjecture that this was Peterborough Bridge Fair. + On the confines of Gloucestershire and Berkshire, at the distance of + about 77 miles from London, near Lechlade, and on the road to Farringdon, + is a St. John's Bridge, near which was a priory or hospital. It is at + this place that the Thames first becomes navigable. (Leland's + <i>Itinerary</i>, vol. ii. fo. 21, 22, 23; vol. iv. fo. 48; Bowles's + <i>Post Chaise Companion</i>, 1782, pl. 28; Lysons' <i>Berkshire</i>, + vol. i. p. 193., and map of county prefixed; <i>Collectanea Topographica + et Genealogica</i>, vol. i. p. 320.; <i>Parliamentary Gazetteer</i>, art. + "Lechlade.") Whether there is or ever was a fair at this place is more + than I can state; but perhaps some of your correspondents dwelling in + those parts can give information on this point.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge, April 14. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Paring the Nails unlucky on Sundays</i> (Vol. ii., p. 511.; Vol. + iii, p. 55.).—Compare Sir Thomas Browne's <i>Vulgar Errors</i>, + lib. v. cap. xxi. § x.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ache.</span></p> + + <p><i>Errata in Braithwait's Latin Drinking-song</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 297.).—It is well for us that honest Barnaby is not alive to visit + upon us the scandalous "negligences and ignorances" with which our + transcript of his song abounds; and it is no excuse perhaps to say, that + <i>the errors almost all of them exist in the MS. from whence the + transcript was made</i>. Sensitive as he has shown himself "upon the + errata's," <i>he</i> would not have accepted the apology from us which he + makes for himself. "Good reader, if this impression have errors in it, + excuse it. <i>The copy was obscure</i>; neither was the <i>editor</i>, by + reason of his distance, and employments of higher consequence, made + acquainted with the publishing of it."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"His Patavinus <i>erravit prelis</i>,</p> + <p>Authorem suis <span class="correction" title="Original reads `laurando', corrected by errata in issue 80.">lacerando</span> telis."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The following corrections, which are necessary to the sense, have been + pointed out, and have no doubt been already silently made by many of our + readers.</p> + +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td> </td><td><i>Sic in MS.</i></td><td><i>forsan.</i><br /></td></tr> +<tr><td>Stanza 3. </td><td>hoc <i>te</i> amœnum</td><td>hoc amœnum</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td>reparare</td><td>reperire<br /></td></tr> +<tr><td>Stanza 4. </td><td>m<i>e</i>mento</td><td>m<i>o</i>mento</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td>gustabi<i>t</i></td><td>gustabi<i>s</i><br /></td></tr> +<tr><td>Stanza 5. </td><td>solv<i>e</i>t</td><td>solv<i>i</i>t</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td>pot<i>i</i>s</td><td>pot<i>u</i>s<br /></td></tr> +<tr><td>Stanza 6. </td><td>friges<i>t</i>is</td><td>friges<i>c</i>is<br /></td></tr> +<tr><td>Stanza 8. </td><td>succed<i>a</i>nt</td><td>succed<i>u</i>nt<br /></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td colspan="2">Omit the comma between <i>Domum</i> and<br /> +<i>feram</i>, and disregard the erroneous<br /> +punctuation generally.</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>There may be other errors; for, as it stands at present, the song is + inferior to the other known productions of the pleasant author of the + <span class="sc">Itinerarium</span>. We can only hope that its + publication, in even this imperfect form, may lead to the discovery of a + better text; and we must be content if the lines of the author are + applied to our blunders:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Delirans iste <i>Sapiens Gottam</i>,</p> + <p>Reddit <i>Coetum</i> propter <i>Cotem</i>."</p> + <p class="i4">———</p> + <p class="hg3">"Quid si breves fiant longi?</p> + <p>Si vocales sint dipthongi?</p> + <p>Quid si graves sint acuti?</p> + <p>Si accentus fiant muti?</p> + <p>Quid si placidè, plenè, planè,</p> + <p><span class="sc">Fregi frontem Prisciani</span>?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Quid si sedem muto sede?</p> + <p>Quid si carmen claudo pede?</p> + <p>Quid si noctem sensi diem?</p> + <p>Quid si veprem esse viam?</p> + <p>Sat est, Verbum declinavi,</p> + <p>Titubo—titubas—titubavi."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In the last line of the extract from "Phyllis and Flora," <i>hinc</i> + is printed for <i>huic</i>; <i>inpares</i>, in the preceding line, is the + correct reading for <i>impares</i>. "<i>Impar</i> richtiger Inpar" + (Scheller).</p> + + <p class="author">S. W. S.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The publication of <i>The National Cyclopædia of Useful Knowledge</i> + has just been completed by the issue of <!-- Page 342 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page342"></a>{342}</span>the twelfth volume. We + notice this useful condensation of <i>The Penny Cyclopædia</i> + principally, however, for a feature which we hope to see more widely + extended, namely, that of issuing it in a strong and handsome + half-binding, at the moderate charge of one shilling per volume extra. + The practice of publishing books in a bound form (more especially such + books as are intended for very general circulation) is one which we have + no doubt may be widely extended with great satisfaction to purchasers. It + has, generally speaking, been, up to the present time, too closely + confined to books of high price, adapted only to wealthy purchasers, whom + the words "bound by Hayday," or "morocco extra," with the necessary + increase of price, charm, rather than discourage.</p> + + <p>There is perhaps no work to which, at the present moment,—when + the World's Fair is about to commence, and we are sure to be visited by + hundreds, or rather thousands, of our Gallic friends, with whom we shall + be in daily and hourly conversation,—we can more appropriately call + the attention of our readers than to the second division (<i>Partie + Française-Anglaise</i>) of M. Tarver's <i>Dictionnaire Phraséologique + Royal</i>, in which we can assure them they will find the readiest + solution of all those phraseological queries which may arise during their + intercourse with our lively neighbours. A very cursory examination of its + pages will serve to convince the inquirer of the great learning and + patient industry of M. Tarver; and his interest in the work will not be + diminished by the reflection that the name of its accomplished author + will be found in the obituary of the present week.</p> + + <p>When noticing, a few weeks since, one of Captain Knox's interesting + volumes, we spoke of the undying popularity of White's <i>Selborne</i>. A + proof at once of this popularity, and a means of increasing it, will be + found in a new edition of this delightful book just issued as one of the + volumes of <i>Bohn's Illustrated Library</i>. It is entitled to its place + in this series on account of forty admirable woodcuts by which it is + illustrated; and to a place on the bookshelves of every Naturalist, for + the sake of the additional notes of Sir W. Jardine, and its present + editor, Mr. Jesse.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Tuesday and + Wednesday next an exceedingly choice Collection of Autograph Letters, + comprising numerous Letters of extraordinary rarity, selected principally + from Upcott's Collection. We cannot attempt to particularise the many + interesting lots which are to be found in the present collection, but + recommend the Catalogue to attention for the satisfactory manner in which + the different documents are arranged and described.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received.</span>—B. Quaritch's (16. + Castle Street, Leicester Square) Cheap Book Circular (No. XXVIII.) of + Books in all Languages; W. Pedder's (18. Holywell Street) Catalogue Part + II. for 1851, of Books Ancient and Modern; R. Saywell's (138. High + Holborn) Select Catalogue Part XXI. of Books in Theology, Classics, and + General Literature.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Brevarium Romanum.</span> Pars Verna. Antverpiae. Ex + Typ. Plantinianæ. 1700 or 1714.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">New England Judged not by Man's, but the Spirit of + the Lord: and the Summe Sealed up of New England's Persecutions.</span> + By <span class="sc">George Bishope</span>. Quarto, 1661. Wanted from page + 150 to the end.</p> + + <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p>J. S. S. (Leicester). <span class="sc">The Chaucer Monument.</span> + <i>It will require about 100l. to make a complete restoration. Not + one-half that amount has yet been subscribed.</i></p> + + <p>X. Y. Z. <i>The custom of</i> "Swearing on the Horns at Highgate" + <i>is very ably treated by Hone</i>, Every-Day Book, vol. ii. p. 79 <i>et + seq. It probably arose from the graziers who put up at the Gate-house on + their way to Smithfield, and were accustomed, as a means of keeping + strangers out of their company, to bring an ox to the door as a test: + those who did not like to be sworn of their fraternity, and kiss its + horns, not being deemed fit members of their society.</i></p> + + <p>W. R. M. <i>Will this correspondent favour us with another copy of his + Queries, which were received and intended for insertion, but have + apparently been omitted by some accident?</i></p> + + <p>A. W. H. <i>Our correspondent will find that his Query had been + anticipated in</i> Vol. i., p. 336. <i>Its appearance then brought it a + mass of Replies, mostly of a very unsatisfactory kind. We delayed + repeating the Query until we could find leisure to condense those + replies, so as to prevent our correspondents furnishing us with + information already in our possession. We hope to do this next + week.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sing.</span> <i>Bryan Waller Procter, Esq., one of + the Commissioners of Lunacy.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Replies Received.</span>—<i>Nettle in—San + Graal—Duchess of Buckingham—Newburgh Hamilton—Ex Pede + Herculeum—Knebsend—Derivation of Yankee—Passage in + Virgil—Bacon and Fagan—Solid-hoofed Pigs—Under the + Rose—Stick at Nothing—Ejusdem Farinæ—Meaning of + Rack—Meaning of Tye—The Tanthony—Dog's Head in the + Pot—Baron Munchausen—Shakspeare's + Seamanship—Criston—Bigod de Loges—God's + Acre—Joseph Nicolson—Britt. + Rex—Tradescant—Moore's Almanack—The Mistletoe—St + John's Bridge Fair—Curious Fact in Natural History—Pursuits + of Literature—Burton's Birthplace—Engelbert of + Treves—God takes those soonest—Tandem D. O. M. + &c.—Bartolomeo's Pictures—Herstmonceaux, &c.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Vols.</span> I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very + copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by + order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on + Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any + difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, + &c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will + enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> + <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> + + <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>LITERARY AGENCY.—<span class="sc">Mr. F. G. Tomlins</span> + (Secretary to the Shakspeare Society, Author of a Brief View of the + English Drama; a Variorum History of England; Garcia, a Tragedy; the + Topic, the Self Educator, &c. &c.) is desirous to make it known + that a Twenty Years' experience with the Press and Literature, as Author + and Publisher, enables him to give advice and information to Authors, + Publishers, and Persons wishing to communicate with the Public, either as + to the Editing, Advertising, or Authorship of Books, Pamphlets, or + Literary productions of any kind. Opinions obtained on Manuscripts + previous to publication, and Works edited, written, or supervised for the + Press by acknowledged writers in their various departments.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p><span class="sc">Office, 19. Southampton Street, Strand</span>;</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>where works of reference for Literary Purposes may be obtained or + referred to.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 343 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page343"></a>{343}</span></p> + +<h3>PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">50. REGENT STREET.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.<br /> +Established 1806.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>—Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i><br /> +Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>President.</i><br /> +The Right Honourable EARL GREY.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i><br /> +The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman.</i><br /> +Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman.</i></p> + + <div class="contents"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Henry B. Alexander, Esq.</p> + <p>George Dacre, Esq.</p> + <p>William Judd, Esq.</p> + <p>Sir Richard D. King, Bart.</p> + <p>The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird</p> + <p>Thomas Maugham, Esq.</p> + <p>William Ostler, Esq.</p> + <p>Apsley Pellatt, Esq.</p> + <p>George Round, Esq.</p> + <p>Frederick Squire, Esq.</p> + <p>William Henry Stone, Esq.</p> + <p>Capt. William John Williams.</p> + </div> + </div> +<p class="cenhead">J. A. Beaumont, Esq. <i>Managing Director.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Physician</i>—John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague Square.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p> + + <p>Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of + Bonuses.</p> + +<pre> +------------------------------------------------------------------- +| | | | Bonuses added | +| Date | Sum | | subsequently, to be | +| of | Insured. | Original Premium. | further increased | +| Policy. | | | annually. | +------------------------------------------------------------------- +| 1806 | £2500 |£79 10 10 Extinguished| £1222 2 0 | +| 1811 | 1000 | 33 19 2 Ditto | 231 17 8 | +| 1818 | 1000 | 34 16 10 Ditto | 114 18 10 | +------------------------------------------------------------------- +</pre> + <p>Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.</p> + +<pre> +------------------------------------------------------------------- +| | | | | Total with Additions, | +| Policy | Date. | Sum | Bonuses | to be further | +| No. | | Insured. | added. | increased. | +------------------------------------------------------------------- +| 521 | 1807 | £900 | £982 12 1 | £1882 12 1 | +| 1174 | 1810 | 1200 | 1160 5 6 | 2360 5 6 | +| 3392 | 1820 | 5000 | 3558 17 8 | 8558 17 8 | +------------------------------------------------------------------- +</pre> + <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to + the Agents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United + Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. 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