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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26898]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{313}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 78.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 26. 1851.
+[Price, Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                             Page
+
+    On the Proposed Record of Existing Monuments              313
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+    Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IV.                         315
+    The Academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir
+      Balthazar Gerbier, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault                317
+    Shakspeare and Fletcher, by Samuel Hickson                318
+    Illustrations of Tennyson                                 319
+    Folk Lore:--Sacramental Wine--Cure of Disease by
+      means of Sheep                                          320
+    Ancient Inedited Ballads, No. IV., by K. R. H. Mackenzie  320
+    Poetical Coincidences, &c., by T. C. Smith                320
+    The Republic of San Marino, by Sydney Smirke              321
+    St. Francis                                               321
+    Minor Notes:--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--M. or N.
+      --Henry VIII. and Sir T. Curwen--Periodical Literature,
+      1707--Archbishop Sancroft--Sir Henry
+      Slingsby--Origin of a Surname--Madden's Reflections     322
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    The Bellman, and his History                              324
+    Was Sallustius a Lecturer?--Connexion between Sallustius
+      and Tacitus, by K. R. H. Mackenzie                      325
+    The Outer Temple, by Edward Foss                          325
+    Bibliographical Queries                                   326
+    Dutch Books published out of the Netherlands              326
+    What was the Country of the Angles?                       326
+    Minor Queries:--Villenage--Roman Roads near
+      London--Mrs. Catherine Barton--Sempecta at Croyland
+      --Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis--Roman
+      Medicine-stamps--Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the
+      Royal Navy--Wooden Baldrocks--Thanksgiving-book
+      --History of the Jesuits--Mind your P's and Q's
+      --Mode of hiring Domestic Servants in Holderness
+      --Sittings--Fest--Home-made Wines--Inscription
+      on a Clock--Inscription of the Tomb of Peter
+      the Hermit--Wife of James Torre--"The Bear's
+      Bible"--Harris, Painter in Water-Colours--University
+      Hoods--"Nullis Fraus tuta latebris"--Voltaire,
+      where situated?--Table of Prohibited Degrees
+      --Launcelot Littleton--The Antediluvians                327
+
+    MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Wither's Halelujah--
+      Voltaire's Henriade--Christ-Cross A.--Apple-pie
+      Order--Spick and Span new--Theory of the
+      Earth's Form--Carolus Lawson                            330
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Haybands in Seals, by J. Burtt, &c.                       331
+    North Side of Churchyards, by Rev. W. H. Kelke, &c.       332
+    The Rolliad, and some of its Writers, by J. H. Markland,
+      &c.                                                     333
+    Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope                      335
+    Snail-eating                                              336
+    Sir John Davies, Davis, or Davys, by W. H. Lammin         336
+    Locke MSS., by Thomas Kerslake                            337
+    Replies to Minor Queries:--Defoe's Anticipations--
+      Epitaph in Hall's Discoveries--Saint Thomas of
+      Lancaster--Francis Moore, &c.                           338
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                    341
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              342
+    Notices to Correspondents                                 342
+    Advertisements                                            342
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON THE PROPOSED SUGGESTIONS FOR PRESERVING A RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.
+
+    The following communications have reached us since the publication of
+    our remarks on the proposed MONUMENTARIUM ANGLICANUM (No. 73. p. 217.
+    et seq.). They serve to show how much interest the subject has excited
+    among those best qualified to judge of the great utility of some
+    well-organised plan for the preservation of a record of our still
+    existing monuments.
+
+    MR. DUNKIN'S letter (which was accompanied by a copy of the prospectus
+    issued by him in 1844) claims precedence, as showing the steps which
+    _that_ gentleman has already taken. It is a communication highly
+    creditable to his exertions in the cause, but does not alter our views
+    as to the practicability of any successful attempt to accomplish this
+    object by individual exertion.
+
+In No. 73. Vol. iii. of "NOTES AND QUERIES" you have honoured me by an
+allusion to the _Monumenta Anglicana_ I have in the press, as "a plan which
+would have your hearty concurrence and recommendation, if it were at all
+practicable; but which must fail from its very vastness." It may be so; but
+the motto of my family is _Essayez_. Every "gigantic scheme" must have a
+commencement, and this "scheme," I am perfectly aware, is one "that no
+individual, however varied in attainments and abilities, could without
+assistance hope to achieve." My father, upwards of half a century since,
+commenced collecting mortuary memorials; many of the monuments from which
+he copied the inscriptions have since been destroyed by time, and many,
+very many, more by the ruthless innovations of beautifying churchwardens.
+These "very vast" collections--the labour of a life--however, only form a
+portion of the materials I now posses; for since I issued my prospectus in
+1844, I have received many thousands of inscriptions and rubbings of
+brasses from clergymen and others; and I trust I shall be favoured with
+still further assistance, as in all cases where information is rendered,
+the source whence derived shall be most thankfully and freely acknowledged.
+{314}
+
+The plan I have adopted with regard to arrangement is to folio each page
+three times, viz., i. each parish by itself; ii. each county; iii.
+alphabetically; so that each parish can be considered complete in itself;
+each county can be bound up by itself; or the whole alphabetically,
+gazetteer-wise.
+
+The index will be also in three divisions,--i. general; ii. names of
+places; iii. names of persons.
+
+With regard to the number of volumes,--I need not say that that is entirely
+_in nubibus_. My impression is limited to seventy-five copies, the same as
+my father's _Oxfordshire_, with which it corresponds in size.
+
+I should have preferred seeing the government performing the task of
+preserving manuscripts of all existing monuments; but it is the fashion in
+Britain for government to leave all apparently national undertakings to
+individual exertion. I will here conclude with a quotation from the report
+I have just published of the Transactions at the Congress of the British
+Arch�ological Association held in Worcester:
+
+    "Lamentation is, however, worse than useless: the spirit of the age
+    forbids all idle mourning. If we would awaken a sympathy and interest
+    in our pursuits, we must gird up our loins like men, and be doing, and
+    that right earnestly; for it is hopeless any longer waiting for the
+    government, as a 'Deus ex machina,' to help us to rescue our
+    antiquities from destruction."
+
+ALFRED JOHN DUNKIN.
+
+    Our next is from a correspondent (who has favoured us with his name)
+    who proposes a scheme almost more extensive than that advocated by MR.
+    DUNKIN, but who differs from that gentleman by recognising the
+    necessity of combined endeavour to carry it out.
+
+A few years since I propounded a scheme for an _Ecclesiologicon
+Anglicanum_, or record of the history, not only architectural and
+monumental, but also local and traditional, of every parish in England.
+Though I had long conceived such a design, I must confess myself indebted
+to some excellent remarks on the subject which appeared in the
+_Ecclesiologist_ (New Series, No. x., April 1846). Fully aware that so
+stupendous a work could never be accomplished by any single individual, I
+compiled a prospectus of my design, and invited the co-operation of all
+antiquaries. I proposed to publish at intervals, and in alphabetical order,
+the parishes of every county, and by dividing the labour among different
+coadjutors, and giving to each a separate branch of inquiry, thereby
+insuring, by successive revisions, a certainty of correctness, I hoped to
+succeed in the undertaking. My project was, however, laid aside by reason
+of other engagements; but, as I still think it worthy of consideration, I
+have troubled you with these "Notes" in the hope that, by publication in
+your pages, they may be the means of suggesting to others interested in the
+matter the practicability of carrying them out. Though with no definite
+object in view, but with a presentiment of their after utility, I have,
+during many provincial campaigns, collected architectural notes, as well as
+genealogical memoranda, from the churches I have visited. To these, such as
+they are, any of your readers is welcome, for the purposes to which I have
+referred, and I know many who would gladly send their contributions to such
+an undertaking.
+
+W. J. D. R.
+
+    Our next letter, though brief, is valuable as furnishing a case in
+    point, to prove the practical utility which would result from the
+    realisation of some well-considered scheme for the attainment of the
+    great national object which we are advocating.
+
+As an instance of the practical use of such a collection, let me inform
+your readers that in 1847, being engaged in an ejectment case on the home
+circuit, it became most important to show the identity of a young lady in
+the pedigree, the parish register of St. Christopher le Stocks only giving
+the name and date of burial. I found that when St. Christopher's was pulled
+down for the enlargement of the Bank of England, some kind antiquary had
+copied all the monuments. The book was found at the Herald's College; it
+contained an inscription proving the identity, and a verdict was obtained.
+
+J. S. B.
+
+    Our last communication is, we have reason to believe, from an active
+    and zealous Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, who would heartily
+    co-operate in carrying out the practical suggestions thrown out in his
+    letter.
+
+In Vol. iii, p. 218., you suggest that the Society of Antiquaries is the
+body which should undertake the task of forming a record of existing
+monuments in churches. Entirely agreeing in the opinion you have expressed,
+I would venture to offer some remarks on the subject. The undertaking is a
+vast and laborious one, and can only be effected by great subdivision of
+labour.
+
+That the Society of Antiquaries is the fittest agent for the work, I think
+admits of little doubt; its Fellows are widely spread throughout the
+country. In every neighbourhood may be found one or more gentlemen able and
+willing to give their aid, and to excite others to assist. The
+Arch�ological Institute and the British Arch�ological Association would
+doubtless add the weight of their influence, and the personal assistance of
+their members.
+
+The clergy throughout the country would be able and willing labourers; and
+surely these conjoined forces are adequate to the occasion.
+
+One consideration suggests itself, viz., whether {315} the record be
+confined to monuments in churches, or whether it should be extended to
+those in churchyards? I think it should be so extended, partially--that is,
+that _all_ the monuments in churches should be given; and such of the
+monuments in churchyards as, upon a careful inspection, may appear to be in
+any way worthy of preservation. We do not perhaps want the ten thousand
+"afflictions sore" which ten thousand John Smiths are stated to have "long
+time bore."
+
+The inscriptions in churches should be accompanied with rubbings of all
+brasses; and, as far as possible, with drawings of the most interesting
+monuments.
+
+I am satisfied the thing can be done, if it be undertaken with prudence,
+and continued with energy. The copies should be certified by the signature
+of the person making them, and they should all be transcribed on paper of
+the same description, so that they might be bound in volumes.
+
+The expense would probably be considerable, because in some instances paid
+labour might be requisite; but it would be as nothing compared with the
+magnitude and importance of the result; and if, as is probable, the Society
+of Antiquaries might hesitate at undertaking the whole charge, I doubt not
+that many would contribute towards it, and amongst them
+
+Q. D.
+
+    A very slight consideration of the object which it is proposed to
+    accomplish, and the means by which it can be attained, will show that
+    it falls properly into three distinct operations, namely, Collection,
+    Preservation, and Publication.
+
+    The first and most important is, the Collection of Materials. In this,
+    it is obvious, the co-operation of individuals well qualified for the
+    work may be secured in all parts of the country, provided some
+    well-defined plan of operation is furnished for their guidance, by some
+    recognised centre of union. A Committee of the Society of Antiquaries,
+    who should well consider and determine upon some uniform plan of
+    recording the inscriptions, &c., is clearly the body who, from their
+    position, could most effectually, and with the greatest propriety,
+    issue such circulars. That the Antiquaries would in this receive the
+    support of both the Arch�ological Societies, there cannot, of course,
+    be any doubt.
+
+    And as we have in the Society of Antiquaries a machinery already
+    established for the proper collection of the materials, so we have an
+    existing and most appropriate place for their preservation in the
+    British Museum, where they may be consulted at all times, by all
+    parties, with the greatest facility, and free of charge.
+
+    These two great points, then, of Collection and Preservation, it is
+    clear may be attained at an expense so inconsiderable, compared with
+    the benefits to be gained from their accomplishment, that we cannot
+    believe in their failure from want of funds.
+
+    For the accomplishment of the third great end, that of Publication,
+    there is no existing machinery. But let the work of collection and
+    preservation be once fairly entered upon--let it be seen how valuable a
+    collection of materials has been gathered ready to the hand of a
+    Society which should undertake its publication, and there need be
+    little fear that from the supporters of the various Antiquarian,
+    Arch�ological, and Publishing Societies, now spread throughout the
+    country, there would be found plenty of good men and true ready to lend
+    their aid to the printings and publishing of the MONUMENTARIUM
+    ANGLICANUM.
+
+    But as the first step is COLLECTION--and that step is the one in which
+    the SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES can best move, we trust that the present
+    year, in which this Society celebrates the centenary of its chartered
+    existence, will be signalised by its promotion of such a Record of
+    Existing Monuments as is here proposed; which cannot be otherwise
+    regarded--(and we use the words of the Society's Charter)--than as
+    "good, useful, honest, and necessary for the encouragement,
+    advancement, and furtherance of the study and knowledge of Antiquities
+    and the History of this Country."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IV.
+
+_The Pilgrimage to Canterbury._
+
+ "Whanne that April with his shoures sote
+  The droughte of March hath perced to the rote,
+  And bathed every veine in swiche licour
+  Of which vertue engendred is the flour;
+  When Zephyrus eke with his sote brethe
+  Enspired hath in every holt and hethe
+  The tendre croppes--and the yonge Sonne
+  Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne;
+      *    *    *    *
+  Than longen folk to gon on pilgrimages--
+      *    *    *    *
+      *    *    *    *
+  Befelle, that in that seson, on a day."--_Prologue._
+
+I quote these lines because I wish to show that Tyrwhitt, in taking them as
+indicative of the very day on which the journey to Canterbury was
+performed, committed a great mistake.
+
+The whole of the opening of the prologue, down to the line last quoted, is
+descriptive, not of any particular day, but of the usual season of
+pilgrimages; and Chaucer himself plainly declares, by the words "in _that_
+seson, on _a_ day"--that the day is _as yet_ indefinite. {316}
+
+But because Tyrwhitt, who, although an excellent literary critic, was by no
+means an acute reader of his author's meaning, was incapable of
+appreciating the admirable combination of physical facts by which Chaucer
+has not only identified the real day of the pilgrimage, but has placed it,
+as it were, beyond the danger of alteration by any possible corruption in
+the text, he set aside these physical facts altogether, and took in lieu of
+them the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue quoted above, which, I
+contend, Chaucer did not intend to bear any reference to the day of the
+journey itself, but only to the general season in which it was undertaken.
+
+But Tyrwhitt, having seized upon a favourite idea, seems to have been
+determined to carry it through, at any cost, even at that of altering the
+text from "_the Ram_" into "_the Bull_:" and I fear that he can scarcely be
+acquitted of unfair and intentional misquotation of Chaucer's words, by
+transposing "his halfe cours" into "half his course," which is by no means
+an equivalent expression. Here are his own words:
+
+    "When he (Chaucer) tells us that 'the shoures of April had _perced to
+    the rote_ the drought of March' (ver. 1, 2.), we must suppose, in order
+    to allow due time for such an operation, that April was far advanced;
+    while, on the other hand, the place of the sun, 'having just run _half
+    his course in the Ram_' (ver. 7, 8.), restrains us to some day in the
+    very latter end of March. This difficulty may, and, I think, should, be
+    removed by reading in ver. 8. the BULL, instead of the RAM. All the
+    parts of the description will then be consistent with themselves, and
+    with another passage (ver. 4425.), where, in the best MSS., the _eighte
+    and twenty_ day of April is named as the day of the journey to
+    Canterbury."--_Introductory Discourse._
+
+Accordingly, Mr. Tyrwhitt did not hesitate to adopt in his text the
+twenty-eighth of April as the true date, without stopping to examine
+whether that day would, or would not, be consistent with the subsequent
+phenomena related by Chaucer.
+
+Notwithstanding Tyrwhitt's assertion of a difficulty only removable by
+changing the Ram into the Bull, there are no less than two ways of
+understanding the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue so as to be
+perfectly in accordance with the rest of the description. One of these
+would be to suppose the sign Aries divided into two portions (not
+necessarily _equal_ in the phraseology of the time), one of which would
+appertain to March, anal the other to April--and that Chaucer, by the
+"halfe cours yronne," meant the _last_, or _the April_, half of the sign
+Aries. But I think a more probable supposition still would be to imagine
+the month of April, of which Chaucer was speaking, to be divided into two
+"halfe cours," in one of which the sun would be in Aries, and in the other
+in Taurus; and that when Chaucer says that "the yonge Sonne had in the Ram
+his halfe cours yronne," he meant that the _Aries half of the month of
+April_ had been run through, thereby indicating _in general terms_ some
+time approaching to the middle of April.
+
+Both methods of explaining the phrase lead eventually to the same result,
+which is also identical with the interpretation of Chaucer's own
+contemporaries, as appears in its imitation by Lydgate in the opening of
+his "Story of Thebes:"
+
+ "Whan bright Phebus passed was the Ram,
+  Midde of Aprill, and into the Bull came."
+
+And it is by no means the least remarkable instance of want of perception
+in Tyrwhitt, that he actually cites these two lines of Lydgate's _as
+corroborative of his own interpretation_, which places the sun _in the
+middle of Taurus_.
+
+I enter into this explanation, not that I think it necessary to examine too
+curiously into the consistency of an expression which evidently was
+intended only in a general sense, but that the groundlessness of Tyrwhitt's
+alleged necessity for the alteration of "the Ram" into "the Bull" might
+more clearly appear.
+
+I have said that Tyrwhitt was not a competent critic of Chaucer's practical
+science, and I may perhaps be expected to point out some other instance of
+his failure in that respect than is afforded by the subject itself. This I
+may do by reference to a passage in "The Marchante's Tale," which evinces a
+remarkable want of perception not only in Tyrwhitt, but in all the editors
+of Chaucer that I have had an opportunity of consulting.
+
+The morning of the garden scene is said in the text to be "er that dayes
+eight were passed of the month of _Juil_"--but, a little further on, the
+same day is thus described:
+
+ "Bright was the day and blew the firmament,
+  Phebus of gold his stremes doun hath sent
+  To gladen every flour with his warmnesse;
+  He was that time in Geminis, I gesse,
+  But litel fro his declination
+  In Cancer."
+
+How is it possible that any person could read these lines and not be struck
+at once with the fact that they refer to the 8th of _June_ and not to the
+8th of _July_? The sun would leave Gemini and enter Cancer on the 12th of
+June; Chaucer was describing the 8th, and with his usual accuracy he places
+the sun "but litel fro" _the summer solstice_!
+
+Since "Juil" is an error common perhaps to all previous editions, Tyrwhitt
+might have been excused for repeating it, if he had been satisfied with
+only that: but he must signalise _his edition_ by inserting in the Glossary
+attached to it--"JUIL, _the month of July_," referring, as the sole {317}
+authority for the word, to this very line in question of "The Marchante's
+Tale!"
+
+Nor does the proof, against him in particular, end even there; he further
+shows that his attention must have been especially drawn to this garden
+scene by his assertion that Pluto and Proserpine were the prototypes of
+Oberon and Titania; and yet he failed to notice a circumstance that would
+have added some degree of plausibility to the comparison, namely, that
+Chaucer's, as well as Shakspeare's, was a _Midsummer Dream_.
+
+It is, perhaps, only justice to Urry to state that _he_ appears to have
+been aware of the error that would arise from attributing such a situation
+of the sun to the month of July. The manner in which the lines are printed
+in _his_ edition is this:--
+
+                 "ere the dayis eight
+  Were passid, er' the month July befill."
+
+It is just possible to twist the meaning of this into _the eighth of the
+Kalends of July_, by which the blunder would be in some degree lessened;
+but such a reading would be as foreign to Chaucer's astronomy as the lines
+themselves are to his poetry.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+Leeds, April 8. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ACADEMIES OF SIR FRANCIS KYNASTON AND SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.
+
+Among the many interesting associations connected with old Covent Garden
+and its neighbourhood, we ought not to overlook Sir Francis Kynaston's
+"Museum Minerv�."
+
+In the year 1635, King Charles the First granted his letters patent to Sir
+Francis Kynaston, "Esquire of the body to his Majesty," whereby a house in
+Covent Garden, which Sir Francis had purchased, and furnished with books,
+manuscripts, musical and mathematical instruments, paintings, statues,
+antiques, &c., was appropriated for ever as a college for the education of
+the young, nobility, and others, under the name of the "Museum Minerv�."
+Sir Francis Kynaston was made the governor with the title of "regent;"
+Edward May, Thomas Hunt, Nicholas Phiske, John Spidell, Walter Salter,
+Michael Mason, fellows and professors of philosophy and medicine, music,
+astronomy, geometry, languages, &c. They had power to elect professors also
+of horsemanship, dancing, painting, engraving, &c.; were made a body
+corporate, were permitted to use a common seal, and to possess goods and
+lands in mortmain. (Pat. 11 Car. pt. 8. No. 14.) In the following year,
+1636, was published, dedicated to the "Regent and Professors," _The
+Constitutions of the Museum Minerv�; giving an Account of an Academy for
+teaching chiefly Navigation, Riding, Fortification, Architecture, Painting,
+and other useful Accomplishments_.
+
+The "Museum" seems to have been highly patronised, for we find that on the
+27th February, 1635 (the year of its foundation), Prince Charles, the Duke
+of York, and the Lady Mary their sister, honoured it with their presence to
+witness a masque, entitled "Corona Minerv�," which was written and prepared
+for the occasion by Sir Francis Kynaston. This masque was, I believe,
+printed in the year of its production, but I do not find it mentioned in
+the last edition of the _Biographia Dramatica_.
+
+Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_, mentions (p. 42.) that
+
+    "Sir Francis Kynaston, the poet, was living in Covent Garden in 1636,
+    on the east side of the street towards Berrie" (Bedfordbury).
+
+And again, in his notice of Bedford Street (p. 44.), he says, Sir Francis
+resided "on the west side in 1637." Both these entries refer to the same
+residence--a noble mansion, built in the year 1594, which, after being
+inhabited by several important families, finally passed into the possession
+of Sir Francis Kynaston, who altered and adapted it (rebuilding some
+portions) as the college of the "Museum Minerv�." The ground plan, which is
+now before me, exhibits a well-arranged and commodious building with two
+fronts, one in what is now Bedfordbury, and the other (probably added by
+Sir Francis) in the street now called Bedford Street. The building, when
+Sir Francis Kynaston purchased it in 1634, stood in the centre of a large
+garden. The surrounding streets,--King Street, New Street, Bedford Street,
+Chandos Street, Henrietta Street, and Bedfordbury, were not commenced
+building until the year 1637.
+
+The "Museum Minerv�" is not named in Mr. Cunningham's excellent _Handbook_;
+but when we take into consideration the enormous amount of information
+required for a work of the kind, we ought not to blame the author for a few
+trifling omissions.
+
+Sir Balthazar Gerbier, an enterprising projector of the same century, by
+profession a painter and an architect, but now scarcely remembered as
+either, seems to have imitated the "Museum Minerv�" in an academy opened at
+Bethnal Green in 1649. Here, in addition to the more common branches of
+education, he professed to teach astronomy, navigation, architecture,
+perspective, drawing, limning, engraving, fortification, fireworks,
+military discipline, the art of well speaking and civil conversation,
+history, constitutions and maxims of state, and particular dispositions of
+nations, "riding the great horse," &c. Once in each week, at three o'clock
+in the afternoon, Sir Balthazar gave a public lecture gratis on the various
+sciences. The lectures were {318} generally advertised in the _Perfect
+Diurnal_, and a few curious specimens of these advertisements may be seen
+in Lysons' _Environs of London_, ed. 1795, vol. ii. p. 30.
+
+Balthazar Gerbier was born at Antwerp about 1591, came young into England,
+and was a retainer of the Duke of Buckingham as early as 1613. Upon the
+accession of Charles the First, he was employed in Flanders to negociate
+privately a treaty with Spain. In 1628 he was knighted at Hampton Court;
+and, as he says himself in one of his books, was promised by the king the
+office of surveyor-general of the works, after the death of Inigo Jones. In
+1637 he was employed in some private transactions of state; and on the 13th
+of July, 1641, he took the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, having a bill
+of naturalisation. In 1648 he appears to have projected the above-named
+academy, the failure of which very soon happened. Sir Balthazar then went
+to America, where he seems to have been very ill treated by the Dutch, and
+narrowly escaped with his life. He afterwards returned to England, and
+designed the triumphal arch for the reception of Charles the Second. He
+died at Hempsted-marshal, in 1667, whilst engaged in superintending the
+mansion of Lord Craven, and was buried in the chancel of that church.
+
+In conclusion, it may be as well to mention, that, prior to the
+establishment of the "Museum Minerv�," a committee had been appointed in
+the House of Lords, consisting of the Duke of Buckingham and others, for
+taking into consideration the state of the public schools, and method of
+education. What progress was made in this inquiry is not known, but in all
+probability the academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir Balthazar Gerbier
+owed their origin to the meetings of this committee.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE AND FLETCHER.
+
+I feel greatly obliged to your correspondent C. B. for the attention he has
+bestowed on the question of Fletcher's connexion with _Henry VIII._, as it
+is only through the concurrent judgments of those who think the subject
+worthy of their full and impartial consideration, that we can hope to
+arrive at the truth. His remarks (Vol. iii., p. 190.) are the more
+valuable, as they coincide with a doubt in my own mind, which has, to a
+great extent, ripened since I last communicated with you on the subject;
+and, indeed, I have no need to hesitate in saying, that I had more
+difficulty in coming to a conclusion with regard to the scene (Act III. Sc.
+2.) in which the passages occur quoted by C. B., than with any other scene
+in the whole play. The suggestions, that Shakspeare might have touched
+scenes of which the mass had been written by Fletcher, is a point which I
+had not overlooked, and which indeed, to some extent, might be said to
+follow from the view I took of the relation of Shakspeare and Fletcher as
+master and scholar. Yet this suggestion is especially valuable regarding
+this scene, and may account for that which, without it, is not so easily
+explained.
+
+If, however, there be any lurking notion in your correspondent's mind, that
+the scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_ (Act III. Sc. 1) referred to by X. Z.
+(Vol. iii., p. 139.) is, judging from certain coincidences of expression,
+an interpolation, and not by Shakspeare, I beg at once to be allowed to
+express my total dissent from such a view. Whether, also, there may have
+been any secondary allusion to some known event of the day, as X. Z.
+supposes, and as is by no means improbable, I cannot say; but I protest
+against its being said that the scene referred to is "totally unconnected
+with what goes before, and what follows." Antony is the hero of the play;
+and this scene shows the culminating point of Antony's fortunes, when his
+very successes turn against him.
+
+To return to _Henry VIII._, the compliment to the Queen, to which your
+correspondent refers, is, as he very justly observes, brought in in a very
+forced manner. This, to my mind, is very strong evidence; otherwise I
+should not think it unworthy of Shakspeare. And it still has to be borne in
+mind, that he would have had to accommodate his characters and
+circumstances to the views of another writer. Shakspeare's spirit was too
+catholic, too universal, to have allowed, in a work entirely his own, even
+his Wolsey to have made use of the term "a spleeny Lutheran;" yet neither
+in the passage in which this expression occurs, nor in the one above
+referred to, is the versification characteristic of Fletcher. For my own
+part, however, I cannot recognise Shakspeare's spirit in this antagonism of
+creeds, which is, perhaps, even more strongly displayed in the prophetic
+speech of Cranmer's in the last scene, wherein he says, "God shall be truly
+known!" It may be said, that in both these instances the expressions are
+true to the characters of Wolsey and Cranmer. It may be so; for both are
+wanting in that ideal elevation which Shakspeare never fails to give. That,
+with this reservation, he becomes the mouth-piece of each character, is
+most true; and a curious instance of the writer's utter forgetfulness of
+his assumed character of contemporary with the events he is relating,
+occurring in Act. IV. Sc. 2 where Griffiths says--
+
+ "He was most princely: ever witness for him
+  Those twins of learning, that he rais'd in you,
+  Ipswich and Oxford! _one of which fell with him_,
+  Unwilling to outlive the good that did it;
+  The other, though unfinish'd, yet so famous,
+  So excellent in art, _and still so rising_,"--
+
+{319} has no parallel in Shakspeare's works. To John Fletcher, indeed, at
+the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, these things were known; but
+scarcely to the attendant of Queen Katherine, who has but just narrated the
+circumstances, then newly happened, of Wolsey's fall. On maturer
+consideration, then, I am inclined to think that the whole of the scene
+(Act III. Sc. 2.) to which your correspondent refers, was originally
+written by Fletcher, although, as it now stands, it is strongly marked by
+the hand of Shakspeare. In the same category, also, I am inclined to place
+Scenes 3. and 4. of Act II. It will be observed that these changes are not
+inconsistent with the view I had previously taken; the effect being merely,
+that I am inclined to ascribe a little more than in the first instance to
+the hitherto unsuspected participator in the work. I am not sure, too, that
+I shall not be coming nearer to MR. SPEDDING; as, if I am not mistaken, it
+is in some of these scenes that he imagines he detects "a third hand;" a
+theory which, though I do not adopt, I certainly have not confidence enough
+to reject altogether. But this view affects so very small a portion of the
+play, that it is of very little consequence.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF TENNYSON.
+
+That great poets are sometimes obscure, needs no proof. That the greatest
+poets will necessarily be so to the ordinary reader, seems to me equally
+indisputable.
+
+Not without effort can one enter into the spontaneous thought of another,
+or even of himself in another mood. How much more when that other is
+distinguished from his fellows by the _greatness_ and _singularity_ of his
+thoughts, and by the extreme subtilty of their connecting links. Obscurity
+is not a blemish but an excellence, if the pains of seeking are more than
+compensated by the pleasures of finding, the luxury of [Greek: math�sis],
+where the concentrated energy of a passage, when once understood, gives it
+a hold on the imagination and memory such as were ill sacrificed to more
+diluted clearness.
+
+_Grandis pr�fatio tenui incepto_--a sort of apology to Tennyson for
+implying that he needs illustration. Some time ago I made a few notes on
+particular passages in _Locksley Hall_, which I now enclose. Some of them
+are, I dare say, superfluous--some, possibly, erroneous. If so, they will
+stand a fair chance of being corrected in your valuable publication.
+
+By the bye, if a "NOTES AND QUERIES" had existed in the days of �schylus,
+we might have been saved from many a recourse to "corrupt text" and "lacun�
+admodum deflend�."
+
+_Notes on Locksley Hall._
+
+Stanza 2. "Dreary gleams:" in apposition with "curlews." I know the
+construction of this line has puzzled a good many readers.
+
+Stanza 23. "Yet it shall be." Yet "decline" thou certainly wilt.
+
+Stanza 28. "He will answer," &c. With an oath, it may be--at the least with
+a coarse rebuff.
+
+Stanza 29. "The heart's disgrace." The disgrace, the injury, and
+degradation the heart has suffered--its prostitution to a mercenary service
+by a marriage of interest.
+
+Stanza 34. "Never." Alas! I never can.
+
+Stanza 35. "In division of the records of the mind." In dividing my
+recollections of her into two groups, and erasing the one.
+
+Stanza 38. "The poet is" (as I think has been already pointed out) Dante.
+
+Stanza 40. "He hunts," &c. He--thy husband.
+
+Stanza 42. "Never, never," &c. Never again! (joys never to return) sung by
+the ghosts of years departed.
+
+Stanza 51. "I have but an angry fancy"--my only _qualification_.
+
+Stanza 53. "But the jingling of the guinea," &c. But there is no fighting
+now: the nations get over their quarrels in another way--by the jingling of
+the guinea, instead of the clang of arms.
+
+Stanzas 54. "Mother-age."; 93. "Mother-age, for mine I know not."
+
+This mother-age is a great difficulty. At first I took it for _the past of
+history_, but now understand by it _the past of his own life_, at least its
+earliest and brightest period--that age which had been as a mother, the
+only mother he ever knew.
+
+Stanza 70. "Youthful joys." The bright hopes of his youth. (?)
+
+Stanza 75. "Blinder motions," Less rational, less well-guided emotions.
+
+Stanza 91. "The distance." The distant future, the "good time coming."
+
+There are some lines in _In Memoriam_ (I have not the book at hand, but any
+reader thereof will instantly recollect them), which indicate Tennyson's
+acquaintance with and appreciation of Jeremy Taylor, who thus expresses the
+thoughts of the "wild fellow in Petronius," suggested by the sight of a
+floating corpse.
+
+    "That peradventure this man's wife, in some part of the Continent, safe
+    and warm, looks next month for the good man's return or, it may be, his
+    son knows nothing of the tempest: or his father thinks of that
+    affectionate kiss which is still warm upon the good old man's cheek
+    ever since he took a kind farewell; and he weeps with joy to think how
+    blessed he shall be when his beloved boy returns into the circle of his
+    father's arms."--_Holy Dying._
+
+Compare with "Sure never moon to evening," &c., in the same poem, and I
+think the same place: {320}
+
+ "Nec nox ulla diem, neque noctem aurora secuta est,
+  Qu� non audierit mistos vagitibus �gris
+  Ploratus mortis comites, et funeris atri."--_Lucretius_, ii. 579.
+
+G. P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Sacramental Wine_ (Vol. iii., p. 179.).--From a note by MR. ALBERT WAY, on
+the use of sacramental wine, one would be led to infer that it was
+recommended on account of some superstitious belief in its superior
+excellency from having been used in religious worship; but I would suggest
+that the same reasons which recommend Teynt wine, the kind generally used
+for the Sacrament, are those which have established for it a reputation in
+cases of sickness: these are its rich red colour, and sweet and agreeable
+flavour.
+
+Weakness is popularly supposed to be caused by a thinness and want of
+blood; if wine be recommended for this, there is a deeply rooted prejudice
+in favour of red wine because the blood is red, and upon no better
+principle than that which prescribes the yellow bark of the barberry for
+the yellow state of jaundice; the nettle, for the nettle-rash; and the
+navel-wort (_Cotyledon umbilicus_), for weakness about the umbilical
+region. The truth is, that rustic practice is much influenced by the
+doctrine of similitudes, the principle of "_similia similibus curantur_"
+having been more extensively recognised in the olden time than since the
+days of Hahnemann.
+
+The sweetness of Teynt wine would recommend it for children, to whom a
+stronger wine is generally distasteful; but Port is generally prescribed as
+a tonic for adults.
+
+It may further be remarked, that the recommendation to give Sacramental
+wine might arise from the fact, that, as in some parishes more wine is
+provided than is required, the remainder is put by to be given to the poor
+who may require it at the hands of the clergyman.
+
+In sending these remarks, I am led to request that your correspondents
+would make Notes upon such old wives' remedies as are employed upon the
+principles I have mentioned.
+
+JAMES BUCKMAN.
+
+Cirencester, April 12.
+
+_Cure of Disease by means of Sheep._--A child in my parish has been for
+some time afflicted with disease of some of the respiratory organs. The
+mother was recommended to have it carried through a flock of sheep as they
+were let out of the fold in the morning. The time was considered to be of
+importance.
+
+[Hebrew: B].
+
+L---- Rectory, Somerset.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT INEDITED BALLADS, NO. IV.
+
+I next transcribe the following lines from the same MS. as my last. It is
+another epitaph on the Mr. Browne that I mentioned in No. II. It contains a
+curious illustration of a passage in Shakspeare, which has been often
+debated in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES," and so deserves preservation.
+
+    "Vpon the death of that right worthye man, MR. BROWNE, late of Caius
+    and Gonville Colledge disceased. Epicedion."--(_Harl. MSS._, No. 367.
+    fol. 155.)
+
+ "If vowes or teares from heartes or eyes,
+  Could pearce the unpenitrable skyes,
+  Then might he live, that now heere lyes.
+
+  But teares are tonguelesse, vowes are vaine,
+  T' recall what fate calls; els how faine                       5
+  What death hath seis'd, wold I regaine.
+
+  But sure th' immortal one belaves
+  This wished soule in 's blissfull waves:
+  Ill comes too oft, when no man craves.
+
+  Rest, therefore, vrne, rest quietlye,                         10
+  And when my fates shall call on me,
+  So may I rest, as I wish the.
+                     "R. CONSTABLE,
+                          Caio-Gonvillensis."
+
+I need hardly point out the striking similarity between the expression in
+Shakspeare--
+
+                 "and the delighted spirit
+  To bathe in fiery floods,"--
+
+and the third stanza of this poem.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POETICAL COINCIDENCES, ETC.
+
+_Byron._
+
+In the _Jealous Lovers_ of Thomas Randolph, the following passage occurs,
+which may possibly have suggested to Lord Byron the fearful curse he has
+put into the mouth of Eve, in "the grand and tremendous drama of
+_Cain_."[1]
+
+                 "May perpetual jealousie
+  Wait on their beds, and poison their embraces
+  With just suspitions; may their children be
+  Deform'd, and fright the mother at the birth:
+  May they live long and wretched; all men's hate,
+  And yet have misery enough for pity:
+  May they be long a-dying--of diseases
+  Painful and loathsome," &c.
+
+That exquisite stanza in the Third Canto of _Childe Harold_, "Even as a
+broken mirror," &c., has been often admired. In Carew's poem, _The Spark_,
+I find the following lines, which contain similar image:
+
+{321}
+
+ "And as a looking-glass, from the aspect,
+  Whilst it is whole, doth but one face reflect,
+  But being crack'd, or broken, there are shown
+  Many half faces, which at first were one;
+  So Love," &c.
+
+To the coincidences which have been already pointed out regarding that
+exquisite line in the _Bride of Abydos_:
+
+ "The mind, the music breathing from her face,"
+
+the following from Carew may perhaps be added:
+
+ "The harmony of colours, features, grace,
+  Resulting airs (the magic of a face)
+  Of musical sweet tunes, all which combin'd,
+  To crown one sovereign beauty, lie confined
+  To this dark vault."--_Epitaph on the Lady S._
+
+All will recollect the wonderful description of the shipwreck in _Don
+Juan_; and more particularly the incidents so graphically related in
+stanzas 52 and 53 of the Second Canto: to a part of which, the following
+passage fro Lee's _Oedipus_ bears some resemblance:
+
+             "Methought I heard a voice,
+  Now roaring like the ocean, when the winds
+  Fight with the waves; now in a still small tone
+  Your dying accents fell, as wrecking ships,
+  After the dreadful yell, sink murm'ring down,
+  And bubble up a noise."
+
+I have now before me a print of John, the first Lord Byron, engraved from a
+painting in the collection of Lord Delaware; in which he is pourtrayed in
+armour, with a truncheon in the left hand, and the _right arm bare_ to
+above the elbow. Can this have suggested to Lord Byron the idea of
+describing "Alp the renegade" as fighting with "the white arm bare," in the
+_Siege of Corinth_?
+
+Byron refers to Smollett as an authority for "blatant beast," apparently
+forgetting that the figure originated with Spenser. Again, in a note to
+_Don Juan_ respecting his use of the phrase "reformadoes," he remarks:
+
+    "The Baron Bradwardine, in _Waverley_, is authority for the word."
+
+It occurs, however, in Ben Jonson, and may be found in Blount's
+_Glossographia_; Phillips's _World of Words_, and other old dictionaries of
+the same period.
+
+T. C. SMITH.
+
+[Footnote 1: Sir Walter Scott.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO.
+
+Amidst the Apennines, far removed from the ordinary track of tourists, is
+the diminutive republic of San Marino, which boasts never to have been
+subjugated. Whether it has escaped invasion because it has escaped notice,
+or because burglars never attack an empty cottage, is a point which I shall
+not stop to discuss. Few travellers visit it, but the trouble of doing so
+would be amply repaid. The situation is highly romantic; and the view from
+the summit of the bold escarpment, upon which the town is perched, extends
+over a wilderness of mountains.
+
+The population of the territory is said not to exceed 6,000 or 7,000 souls.
+Its whole income is derived from a moderate duty on tobacco; and its
+standing army (for it possesses this indispensable incident to political
+independence) is chiefly employed in vain attempts to prevent the evasion
+of that duty.
+
+Among the greatest and most highly esteemed curiosities of the place, is a
+statue of Christ on the cross, with a head of real hair, which is cut twice
+a year, and always grows again! This faculty of reproduction is as
+profitable as it is wonderful; for, besides the resort of pious visitors,
+drawn by the capillary attractions of such a miraculous piece of sculpture,
+the locks that are cut off are stated, by the ecclesiastical functionaries
+in charge of the statue, to be a sure preservative against all harm to the
+wearer, and are of course in request as an article of commerce. My object
+in communicating to you these notes, is to introduce to you a copy, which I
+transcribed myself, of one of the state papers preserved in the archives of
+the republic. It appears to be a letter of encouragement, addressed by the
+Priors and Gonfaloniere of the republic of Florence to that of S. Marino,
+during a siege that the latter was undergoing. Perhaps some of your readers
+may be able to point out the precise occasion that called for the letter.
+
+SYDNEY SMIRKE.
+
+    "Magnifici viri amici �ri car^{mi}, Habbiamo vedato la lettera vi
+    scrive il Governatore, et habbiamo inteso la volunt� dello exercito
+    della Chiesa. Dovete essere di buono animo et stare constanti et fermi:
+    et perdere la vita insieme con la libert� che � meglo allo huomo uso a
+    essere libero, essere morto che essere servo. Iddio a chi piace la
+    libert� vi aiutera difenderai: et noi et la �ra lega non vi manchera:
+    havete inteso le provisioni facte et di denari et di gente ad Arimino;
+    et faremo delle altre tante che saranno abastanza. Valete. Ex palatio
+    �ro die viij. Junij, M.CCCCLXVIIIj.
+
+     "Priores libertatis et }
+      Vexillifer Justiti�   }  Populi Florentinj.
+
+    "Barth. Scala.
+
+    "Magnificis Viris hominibus terr� S[=a] Marini amicis �ris car^{mis}."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ST. FRANCIS.
+
+I think Mrs. Jameson, in her _Legends of the Monastic Orders_, has left
+unnoticed the very remarkable book of the _Conformity of St. Francis's Life
+with that of Jesus Christ_, a work, the blasphemy of which is only equalled
+by its absurdity.
+
+The book was written by Bartholomew of Pisa, a monk of the order, and
+licensed in 1399 by the general of the Minorites.
+
+    "Approbatum est a fr. Henrico ord. frat. Minorum generali ministro et
+    servo et c�teris ministris et diffinitoribus capituli generalis apud
+    Sacrum locum de Assisio die 2 Augusti A.D. 1399."
+
+{322}
+
+The title of the first edition, which is very rare, is as follows:
+
+    "Liber Conformitatum Vit� S. Francisci ad Vitam Jesu Christi. Authore
+    Fr. Bartholom�o degli Albizzi, ex recens. Fran. Zenonis. Impressum
+    Mediolani per Gotardum Ponticum apud templum Sancti Satyri. Anno
+    M.CCCCCX. die 18 mensis Septembris. In fol. literis quadratis."
+
+The Second edition:
+
+    "Opus aur. et inexplicabilis bonitatis et continenti�, Conformitatum
+    scilicet vit� Beati Fr[=a]. ad vit[=a] D[=i]. [=n]ri Jesu x[=p]i.
+    Mediolani, in edibus Zanoti castilionei 1513. in fol. goth."
+
+The third edition, also in folio, appeared at Bologne (1590) as "Liber
+aureus, inscriptus liber Conformitatum, etc., per Hierem Bucchium," with
+some alterations in the text.
+
+Fourth edition:
+
+    "Vita S. Fra[=n]. conf. ad vit. Xti., per S. Bonaventuram Conscriptu ab
+    Henr. Sedulio Co[=m]. illustrata, 4to., Antr. 1597."
+
+Another edition, by Jer. Bacch, in folio, appeared at Bologne in 1620; and
+an abridged edition in octavo, by Phil. Bosquier, at Cologne, under the
+title of _Antiquitates Franciscan�_, a very good edition of the _Liber
+Conform._, "Et ex Annalibus Madingi collecta per Tibur. Navarrum," was
+published in 4to. at Rome in 1670.
+
+The late Dr. Elrington had a very fine copy of the following French
+translation:--
+
+    "Traite des Conformit�s du Disciple avec son Maitre, c'est � dire, de
+    Saint Fran�ois avec J. C., etc., le tout recueilli par un frere mineur
+    r�collect. (Valentin Mar�e.) Liege, 1658-60. 4 part en 3 vol. in 4to."
+
+In 1542 a small volume was put forth, containing choice passages from the
+_Liber Conformitatum_, with a preface and letter to the reader, purporting
+to be from Martin Luther. It was accordingly by many attributed to him; the
+real compiler was Erasmus Alberus. The title of the first edition is
+
+    "Alcoranus Franciscorum, etc., ex libro conformitatum: Francof. 1542,
+    parv. 8vo."
+
+It was reprinted, with a French translation, by Conrad Badius, at Geneva,
+1560 or 1578; so says Brunet.
+
+The best edition of this work was that published at Amsterdam in 1734, in
+two vols. 12 mo., with some capital plates by Picart. The title is--
+
+    "L'Alcoran des Cordeliers, tant en Latin qu'en Fran�ois; c'est � dire,
+    Recueil des plus notables bourdes et blasphemes de ceux qui ont os�
+    comparer Sainet Fran�ois � Jesus Christ; tir� du grand livre des
+    _Conformit�s_, jadis compos� par frere Barthelemi de Pise, Cordelier en
+    son vivant. Nouvelle edition, orn�e de figures dessin�es par B. Picart.
+    A Amsterdam. Aux Defens de la Compagnie. MDCCXXXIV."
+
+Another work, printed the same year, is often found with this:--
+
+    "Legende Dor�e, ou Sommaire de l'Histoire des Freres-mendians de
+    l'ordre de Saint Fran�ois. (Par Nic. Vignier.) Amsterdam, 1734. 12mo.
+    R�impr. sur l'ed. de Leyde, 1608 in 8vo."
+
+Thomas of Celano, the friend and scholar of St. Francis, and the author of
+the famous _Dies Ir�_, after the saint's death composed a brief account of
+his life, which he afterwards greatly enlarged, and which even now is the
+most authentic we possess. I should be glad to know the best, as well as
+the latest editions of this life.
+
+    "Francis," said Luther, "was no doubt an honest and just man. He little
+    thought that such superstition and unbelief should proceed out of his
+    life."--_Tischreden._
+
+Berington says of St. Francis:
+
+    "In an age of less intemperance in religion, miracles and the fancied
+    intervention of peculiar favours from heaven, would not have been
+    deemed necessary to stamp worth and admiration on a character which in
+    itself possessed the purest excellences that fall to the lot of man.
+    But this circumstance, and more than this, the reception which an
+    institute so peculiarly framed met with, serve to manifest the singular
+    taste of the age."--_Berington's Henry II._, p. 629.
+
+"It is scarcely possible," says Mr. Massingberd, "to read the history of
+St. Francis of Assisi, without believing that there was in him a sincere
+and self-devoted, however ill-directed, piety." We must not let the foolish
+legends afterwards written of him lower him in our estimation, nor cease to
+regard him as a sincere and devoted Christian.
+
+MARICONDA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Charles Lamb's Epitaph._--Perhaps the following lines, which I have copied
+from the gravestone of Charles Lamb, who lies in the churchyard at
+Edmonton, may be interesting to those of your readers who are among the
+admirers of the witty and gentle Elia:--
+
+ "Farewell, dear friend; that smile, that harmless mirth,
+  No more shall gladden our domestic hearth;
+  That rising tear, with pain forbid to flow,
+  Better than words, no more assuage our woe;
+  That hand outstretch'd from small but well-earn'd store,
+  Yield succour to the destitute no more.
+
+  Yet art thou not all lost; thro' many an age
+  With sterling sense and humour shall thy page
+  Win many an English bosom, pleased to see
+  That old and happier vein revived in thee.
+  This for our earth, and if with friends we share
+  Our joys in heav'n, we hope to meet thee there."
+
+I have heard it conjectured that the above were written by Wordsworth. I
+shall feel obliged if any of your readers will inform me whether the late
+laureate was the author of them or not?
+
+MARIA S.
+
+Edmonton.
+
+{323}
+
+_M. or N._ (Vol. i., p. 415.; Vol. ii., p. 61.).--There have been several
+suggestions as to the origin of the use of these letters in the services of
+the church, but I do not think that any correspondent has hit upon the very
+simple one which I have always considered to be most probably the true
+explanation; which is, that as these services were compiled when algebra
+stood much higher in the rank of sciences than it does at present, it is by
+no means unlikely that these two letters should be used to signify
+indefinite and variable _names_, as they are in algebra to represent
+indefinite or variable _numbers_, in the same manner as A. B. C. are as
+signs of known or definite, and X. Y. Z. of unknown sums.
+
+E. H. Y.
+
+_Henry VIII. and Sir Thos. Curwen._--The following quaint extract from
+Sandford's MS. _History of Cumberland_, now in the library of the Dean and
+Chapter of Carlisle, exhibits that "reknowned king," Henry VIII., in so
+good-natured a light, that I think, if you can find a corner for it, it may
+amuse some of your readers. That the good knight and "excelent archer"
+should have been so outwitted by his son-in-law is a matter of some regret
+to one of his descendants:--
+
+    "Sir Thos. Curwen, Knight, in Henry the Eight's time, an excelent
+    archer at twelvescore merks; and went up with his men to shoote with
+    that reknowned King at the dissolution of abbeys: and the King says to
+    him, Curwen, why doth thee begg none of these Abbeys? I wold gratify
+    thee some way. Quoth the other, Thank yow, and afterward said he wold
+    desire of him the Abbie of ffurness (nye unto him) for 20^{ty} one
+    yeares. Sayes the King: take it for ever: quoth the other, it is long
+    enough, for youle set them up againe in that time: but they not likely
+    to be set up againe, this Sir Tho. Curwen sent Mr. Preston, who had
+    married his daughter, to renew the lease for him; and he even rennewed
+    in his own name; which when his father-in-law questioned, quoth Mr.
+    Preston, you shall have it as long as you live; and I think I may as
+    well have it with your daughter as another."
+
+After some descents, this family of Preston, of the manor of Furness,
+terminated in a daughter, who married Sir William Lowther, whose grandson
+left his estates in Furness and Cartmell to his cousin, Lord George
+Cavendish, through whom they are inherited by the Earl of Burlington. As
+Harry the Eighth's good intentions towards Sir Thomas Curwen have been
+frustrated, his descendants must console themselves by knowing that the
+glorious old ruin of Furness could not be in better hands than his
+lordship's.
+
+H. C.
+
+Workington.
+
+_Periodical Literature_, 1707.--
+
+    "The author of the _Observator_ is MR. RIDPATH, y^e author of the
+    _Flying Post_. The base author of the late paper, which has been some
+    time since dropp'd, viz. _The Observator Reviv'd_, was one PEARCE, an
+    exchange broker, some time since concerned in the paper called
+    _Legion's Address_, and forced to fly on that account into Holland. The
+    publisher of the _Phoenix_ is a Presbyterian bookseller, named J.
+    Darby, in Bartholomew Close, who has told me that he was chiefly
+    assisted therein by the famous MR. COLLINS, the supposed author of _The
+    Use of Reason in Propositions_, &c., and Dr. Tindal's familiar
+    acquaintance."--_Original Letter of the Rev. Robert Watts, M.A._, dated
+    London, Feb. 6. 1707-8.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Archbishop Sancroft._--It is well known that Dr. William Dillingham,
+Master of Emanuel College, Cambridge, published, in 1678, a volume of Latin
+poems, partly translations from George Herbert, partly pieces of his own,
+with some few added from other sources. But it is not known that most of
+the pieces in this volume were corrected by the hand of Archbishop
+Sancroft, and that one certainly was from his own pen. It occurs at p. 155.
+of the octavo volume alluded to, and is entitled "Hippodromus." This is a
+translation from an epigram by Thomas Bastard, first printed in 1598, and
+beginning:
+
+ "I mett a courtier riding on the plaine."
+
+That it is Archbishop Sancroft's is proved from an original letter
+addressed to him by Dillingham in 1677, and preserved in the Bodleian.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Sir Henry Slingsby._--This gallant cavalier, who was murdered (as Lloyd
+says in his _Memoirs_) by Oliver Cromwell in 1658, wrote an account of the
+scenes in which he bore a part, from 1638 to 1648, which he called
+"Commentaries, containing many remarkable occurrences during the Civil
+Wars." Can any of your correspondents tell me where the original manuscript
+is to be found, and whether it was ever printed? I have seen an indifferent
+transcript, beginning, "The chappel at Red House was built by my father,
+Sir Henry Slingsby." If it has never been published, it would be an
+acceptable contribution to the historical memoirs of the times, and worth
+the attention of the Camden Society.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Origin of a Surname._--Martha Denial, widow, aged seventy-five, was buried
+in Ecclesfield churchyard, 3rd February, 1851. Her husband, Joseph Denial,
+told the parish clerk that his grandfather was found when an infant
+deserted in a church porch; and that he was surnamed Denial, as one whom
+_all deny_; and was christened Daniel, which is composed of the same
+letters. This is the tradition of the origin of a surname now common in
+this parish.
+
+A. G.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+_Madden's Reflections._--Madden's _Reflections and Resolutions for the
+Gentlemen of Ireland_. In the preface to the reprint of this work we meet
+with the following paragraph:
+
+    "The very curious and interesting work which is {324} now reprinted,
+    and intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon
+    rarity: there is not a copy of it in the Library of Trinity College, or
+    in any of the other public libraries of this city [Dublin], which have
+    been searched on purpose. The profoundly-learned Vice-Provost, Doctor
+    Barrett, never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the
+    literature of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the
+    subject, are even unacquainted with the name of the book."
+
+The full title of the work to which I refer, and which is an 8vo. volume of
+200 or 300 pages, is _Reflections and Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen
+of Ireland, as to their Conduct for the Service of their Country_. It was
+printed in Dublin in 1738; it was reprinted there in 1816 at the sole
+expense of the well-known philanthropist, Thomas Pleasants, and the author
+was Samuel Madden, D.D., the author of several publications: a great patron
+of arts and literature in his native land, and one of whom Dr. Johnson
+remarked with truth,--"His was a name Ireland ought to honour." For some
+authentic information respecting him, see Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes of
+the Eighteenth Century_, vol. ii. pp. 31. 699.; and Grosley's _Tour in
+England_, vol. ii p. 260. These writers, however, make no mention of his
+_Reflections_.
+
+The original edition may indeed be looked upon as rather rare, but not so
+rare as some appear inclined to think. I have a copy, and until lately had
+two; and at different times I have met with copies for sale. However, the
+copy now in the library of the Royal Dublin Society was purchased some
+years ago at a high price; and, unless I am mistaken, there is not one as
+yet in the British Museum. The reprint which is there is much to be
+preferred by readers in general.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+THE BELLMAN, AND HIS HISTORY.
+
+I have often read Vincent Bourne's poem, "Ad Davidem Cook, Westmonasterii
+Custodem Nocturnum et Vigilantissimum, Anno 1716:" Pickering's edition, p.
+129. This nightly guardian, it appears, was accompanied by a dog:
+
+ "C�m variis implent tenebr� terroribus orbem,
+    Tu comite assuetum cum cane carpis iter,"
+
+was armed with a stout staff, or knotty club:
+
+ "Nec te perterrent, nodoso stipite fretum,
+    Subdola qui tacito pectore furta parant,"
+
+and carried a bell:
+
+ "Tinnitu adventum signans, oriantur an astra,
+    Narras, an pur� lucida Luna micet."
+
+To the last-mentioned part of his equipment, he owed the title of
+"Bellman."
+
+The Bellman's duty, however, was not confined to crying the rising of the
+stars, or the shining of the moon, but he cheered his nightly round with
+many a chant:
+
+  Nocturnum multo carmine fallis iter."
+
+The next lines are descriptive of the Bellman's poetry, and tell us the
+subjects of it. Of some of these I want explanation; and of all, examples.
+I am at a loss to explain the following four lines:
+
+ "Divorum hyberni menses quotcunque celebrant,
+    Cuique locum et versum dat tua musa suum:
+  _Crispino_ ante omnes; neque enim sine carmine fas est
+    Nobile sutorum pr�teriisse decus."
+
+The next lines refer to the Bellman's loyalty in ever remembering the Royal
+Family; to his salutation of masters and mistresses; to the useful
+instruction he pours forth in song to young men and maidens; and to the
+happy marriages he wishes to such as give heed to his warnings. The Bellman
+then addresses himself to men-servants and maid-servants, enjoining honesty
+on the former, cleanliness on the latter. Repeatedly wishing prosperity to
+his masters, he concludes with one pre-eminent exhortation to keep in mind,
+that the friendly hand of death levels the highest and the lowest.
+
+My ignorance asks several questions. When did the Bellman lay aside his
+bell, and assume the rattle; and, with this change (I presume), drop the
+name of Bellman for that of Watchman, to whom the silent policeman has
+succeeded? Was the dog the usual aide-de-camp of the Bellman? Are there any
+other instances in which the dog is mentioned as assisting the Bellman in
+his nocturnal guardianship?
+
+As to the Bellman's poetry, Milton will occur to every one:
+
+ "Or the bellman's drowsy charm
+  To bless the door from nightly harm."--_Il Penseroso._
+
+1. Herrick's _Hesperides_, p. 169., is a Bellman's song, a blessing,
+concluding:
+
+ "Past one o'clock, and almost two,
+  My masters all, good-day to you."
+
+2. Ibid. p. 251. is another song; a warning to remember the judgment-day,
+and ending--
+
+ "Ponder this when I am gone,
+  By the clock 'tis almost one."
+
+See _The Tatler_, No. 111., for the Bellman's salutation:
+
+    "_Good morrow, Mr. Bickerstaff, good morrow, my masters all._"
+
+ "It was the owl that shriek'd, the fatal bellman,
+  Which gives the stern'st good night."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc.
+      2.
+
+Gay refers to the Bellman's song in the following lines:
+
+ "Behold that narrow street which steep descends,
+  Whose building to the slimy shore extends;
+  {325}
+  Here Arundel's fam'd structure rear'd its frame,
+  The street alone retains the empty name;
+  Where Titian's glowing paint the canvass warm'd,
+  And Raphael's fair design, with judgment, charm'd,
+  Now hangs _the bellman's song_, and pasted here
+  The colour'd prints of Overton appear."--_Trivia_, book ii. 482.
+
+In the _Archaic and Provincial Dictionary_, the duty of the Bellman in his
+poetic character seems to be limited to blessing the sleepers. It appears
+from the poem by Vincent Bourne, that his Muse took a much more extensive
+range.
+
+Can you inform me where I can find more about the Bellman, his bell and his
+dog; and, especially, his songs? Where can I find "The Bellman's Songs?"
+
+Is "Bellman" a name given to dogs in modern times? See _Taming of the
+Shrew_, Induction.
+
+F. W. T.
+
+    [We cannot insert F. W. T.'s Query without referring to the admirable
+    translation of Vinny Bourne's Ode, which is to be found in our First
+    Volume, p. 152.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WAS SALLUSTIUS A LECTURER?--CONNEXION BETWEEN SALLUSTIUS AND TACITUS.
+
+Sallustius, in his celebrated abstract of the Punic records of Thempsal,
+makes the following remark:
+
+    "Nam de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere, _quoniam alio
+    properare tempus monet_."--_De Bello Jugurthino_, c. xix. ed. Allen.
+
+Does not this sound as if the history has been read out to an assembly?
+There is strong presumptive evidence in favour of such a supposition, in
+the tradition of Herodotus having read aloud his history at the Grecian
+Games. Besides, it was a common practice of Cicero and Plinius the Younger
+to read out their orations and treatises. I cannot help thinking that the
+histories of Sallustius were first delivered as lectures, _taken down by
+reporters_[2] employed by himself for the purposes of preserving his words,
+as he had only notes before him, fairly transcribed from the stenographic
+character, and then, _but not till then_, made a subject of closet-study.
+This, I think, is easy of proof, and instances may be adduced (the
+expression I have quoted is one) where the lecturer peeps out.
+
+The interpolated state in which this classic has come down to us is indeed
+sad: there is scarcely a chapter throughout the Catiline and Jugurtha where
+some transcriber has not been at work, sticking in words and sometimes
+whole sentences, which, I am astonished to see, have escaped the notice of
+Cortius, Allen, and the older editors.
+
+I said above that Sallustius made his lectures or orations on the history
+of his country a subject of closet study. He did so, and in an eminent
+degree. His conciseness, clearness (when relieved from the burden of
+interpolation), and usual impartiality, point to a careful and spiritual
+study of Thucydides; but he could not attain to an equal degree of
+sweetness as the Greek historian, on account of the general character of
+their several languages differing. As far, however, as Roman could approach
+to Greek, I conceive Sallustius has approached to Thucydides. Tacitus
+(whose mind was impregnated with, and steeped in Sallustius) rarely
+enounces a sentiment in his numerous works the origin of which is not
+referable to the latter author. It requires some careful thought sometimes,
+before the passages can be traced; but they _are_ traceable; and if we had
+the whole works of Sallustius, I doubt not but that we should be able to
+trace them all much more easily. Perhaps--I say it without stress, mind; it
+is a mere suggestion--it would be possible to restore, or rather connect
+some of the historical fragments of Sallustius by means of the works of
+Tacitus. When we find a sentiment of Sallustius half expressed in the
+fragment, and trending towards the conclusion arrived at by Tacitus, may we
+not, as we know how completely the latter had imbibed the thoughts of the
+former, reasonably suppose the remainder of the passage to be parallel;
+and, following out the idea, restore it, taking into consideration the
+difference of the mode of expression in the two eras? And this may hold
+good, not only between Tacitus and Sallustius, but between Sallustius and
+Thucydides.
+
+Such is the aspect under which I endeavour to behold the classics, viz. as
+one great whole, having here and there pieces gone or faded (lost or
+hopelessly corrupted), and which fit into each other, showing the building
+which intellect erects, the only building calculated to withstand the hand
+of time. Thanks be to printing, to cheap literature, and to English energy
+and investigation, antiquity may again rear her head, and fell that it is
+comprehended in all its varied bearings, and lights and shadows.
+
+To men like Niebuhr, Grote, Layard, Prescott, St. John, Wilkinson,
+Rawlinson, and Norris, do we owe a debt of gratitude, for such patience and
+investigation; and no one cheers them on with a more sincere feeling, and
+thanks them for their past exertions, than
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+[Footnote 2: Short-hand, we know, was in use at Rome.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE OUTER TEMPLE.
+
+Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his delightful _Handbook of London_, says that
+when the New Temple "passed to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the
+Inner and Middle Temple were leased to the Students of the Common Law; and
+the OUTER TEMPLE to Walter Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter:" and in describing
+Essex House, by which name it {326} was afterwards known, he repeats the
+same statement; as if the Outer Temple was part of the original property of
+the Knights Templars.
+
+I should be very glad to know what authority he has for this; because I
+have very great doubt whether the "Outer Temple" ever belonged to the
+Knights Templars or to the Knights of St. John, or was in any manner
+comprehended within the property. The New Temple, as the whole property was
+called, belonged to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, at the time of his
+death, in June, 1323. The Council of Vienna, in 1324, bestowed all the
+lands of the Knights Templars on the Knights of St. John. Since my letter
+to you on the general subject of the Temple, and L. B. L.'s obliging answer
+(Vol. ii., pp. 103. 123.), I have been kindly furnished by Mr. Joseph
+Burtt, of the Chapter House, with a deed, dated June 28, 1324, by which the
+Knights of St. John granted the _whole_ of the New Temple, "totum
+messuagium nostrum vocatum Novum Templum," to Hugh le Despencer the
+younger; describing it to be lying _between the house_ (hospicium) _of the
+Bishop of Exeter_ towards the west, and the house of Hugo de Courteneye
+towards the east. This shows manifestly that if the Bishop of Exeter's
+house ever belonged to the Temple, it did not at that time; and I am not
+aware of any earlier evidence proving that the Templars ever possessed it.
+
+I believe, though I have not seen the record, that, in the grant to Sir
+William Paget, temp. Henry VI., it is described as the "Outer Temple;" but
+I am inclined to think, from various circumstantial testimonies, that it
+was merely so called because it was situate on the _outside_ of the Temple.
+
+If any of your correspondents could illustrate this question, or that more
+curious one,--when the new Temple was first divided between Inner and
+Middle,--I should feel infinitely obliged.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.
+
+1. Can any of your readers give me any information regarding a work which I
+find recorded in a catalogue thus:--_A Catalogue of above 300 Coins of
+Canute, King of Denmark and England, found near Kirkwall, with Specimens._
+4to. London, 1777? I should like, if possible, to have a copy of the
+title-page, the size, and the number of pages; and, if possible, the name
+of the compiler.
+
+2. I should like to find out the name of the translator into English, of
+Pontoppidan's _Natural History of Norway_, published in folio in London in
+1755.
+
+3. Can any of your readers oblige me with the name of the author of a
+controversial sermon, entitled _Whigs no Christians_, preached at London,
+on the anniversary of the martyrdom of King Charles, in 1712-13, and
+published in the same year?
+
+[Greek: Boreas].
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DUTCH BOOKS PUBLISHED OUT OF THE NETHERLANDS.
+
+Although the Dutch language is now regarded in foreign countries with a
+neglect bordering on contempt, and its study, when attended to at all,
+generally undertaken as a work of necessity rather than a labour of love, I
+have thought it would not be without interest to examine to what extent it
+was formerly cultivated (were it even chiefly by Dutchmen) in foreign
+lands; to institute a search after the productions of the Dutch mind in the
+Dutch language brought forth on foreign soils; in a word, to pass in review
+the Dutch books which have been published in other countries during the
+period included between the invention of printing and our own days.
+
+It appears to me that such a review would lead to much interesting
+research, and would tend not only to illustrate our literature, but also to
+clear up many points still obscure in our national, and more especially in
+our ecclesiastical, history.
+
+The review which I propose would be limited, in the first instance, to the
+formation of an exact and complete list of such _exotic_ works, with the
+addition of such notes as I might be able to add. A more experienced hand
+may then make use of these materials to form a more perfect treatise on
+this portion of our literature.
+
+In execution of this plan I have already compiled a list of names of books
+and authors; these have been gathered partly from an examination of the
+works themselves, partly from catalogues and other sources where such works
+are mentioned. Now, however, as my resources are nearly exhausted, and my
+labours by no means complete, I take the liberty to lay my plan before
+those who may be disposed to concur with me, those who may be able to
+procure me information, those who have the possession or the care of
+libraries in which such books are to be found, and of which catalogues have
+not been printed; and, for the end I have in view, I invite them all to
+help me in the completion of my work. The editors of the _Navorscher_ have
+consented to open their columns to contributors. To spare needless trouble,
+I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not include any works
+published in _Belgium_, or in the colonies now or formerly in our
+possession.
+
+MARTINUS.
+
+Amsterdam, March 11. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WHAT WAS THE COUNTRY OF THE ANGLES?
+
+What country was inhabited by the Angles before they occupied Britain? Adam
+of Bremen (_Hist. Eccl._ c. 3.) says:
+
+    "Igitur Saxones primo circa Rhenum sedes habitant et vocati sunt Angli
+    quorum pars inde veniens in Britanniam, etc."
+
+{327}
+
+Notwithstanding the opinion of Turner, and most other historians, I venture
+to offer a few facts in confirmation of the monk's testimony. 1. The names
+of places on the Lower Rhine, and more especially in Guelderland, point to
+an _Anglian_ origin for instance, _Engelanderholt_, _Engelenburg_ and
+_Engelenberg_, _Angerlo_ olim _Angelerlo_. _Engeland_, near Beekbergen, is
+mentioned in a charter[3] dated 801 as _villa Englandi_. Several other
+places bear the same name: two near Hardenberg, one in the land of Putten,
+another in our parish; which also contains _Henschoten_ olim
+_Hengestschoten_, and owes its own name to _Woden_. Near Nimwegen, we have
+_Horssen_. 2. Many local names in the same district, which can only be
+explained by reference to the A.-S. _Hulkestein_ on the Zuyder Sea,
+_Hulkestein_ near Arnhem, from A.-S. _hulc_, a dwelling: thus, stone
+buildings, castles. _Thri_, A.-S., three, is mentioned in a charter dated
+855 as the name of a villa, now the hamlet _Drie_, near Ermelo. _Hierd_ and
+_Heerd_, from A.-S. _hierde_, perhaps also _Hardewick_ or _Harderwyk_ from
+the same. _Braclog_, a wood near Engelanderholt, from _brac_, enemy, and
+_locen_, an enclosure, is mentioned in a charter (801). _Luntern_ and
+_Lunhorst_, from A.-S. _Lun_, poor. _Wigmond_, from _wig_, war; and _mund_,
+defence. _Culenburg_, from _ciol_ or _ceol_, a ship. _Klingelbeck_, near
+Arnhem, from _clingan_, to shrink up. _Ysseloord_ from _ord_, a point; and
+thus confluence of two rivers, as we see also on the Rhine, _Roerort_ and
+_Angerort._ _Herwynen_, _Herveld_, _Hernen_, _Herwaarden_, _Winden
+Delwynen_, _Sennewyn_, can be explained[4] by A.-S. _here_ and _win_. 3.
+The agreement between the names of places here, and those of every part of
+England occupied by the Angles. Out of a great number of instances
+collected by Mr. Molhuysen (see Nyhoff's _Bijdragen_, vol. iii.) I will
+take a few. In Kent we have Appledore, Appleton, Appleby; here _Appeldorn_,
+_Appel_, _Appeltern_, _Appelenburg_ on the Wahal. Ashe and Ash; _Asch_,
+near Buren, and others. Barne; _Bern_ near Heusden, and _Baarn_ near
+Amersfoort. Barnefield; _Barneveld_. Bonington, _Boningen_. Dover;
+_Doveren_. Gillingham; _Gellinchem_. Hearne; _Hiern_, near Waardenburg.
+Herne; _Hernen_. Leisdon; _Leusden_. Lone; _Loenen_. Sandwich; _Sandwyk_,
+near Tiel. Watchorne; _Waghorn_, in the Velume. In Yorkshire: Beel; _De
+Beele_, near Voorst. Byland; _Byland_. Campe; _Campen_. Catwich; _Katwyk_.
+Dodworth; _Dodewaard_. Ecope; _Heicop_. Grimestone; _Grimmestein_, on the
+Eem. Heck; _Eck_. Hampall; _Empel_, near Engelen. Herfield; _Herveld_.
+Hewick; _Ewyk_, &c. &c.--The evident similarity of names in this list,
+which might be extended through several pages, affords at least a strong
+presumption that a part of the land of our fathers is to be sought here. I
+will just add that there is a MS. containing copies of charters, registers,
+&c., collected by Opstraeten van der Moelen, a genealogist, who died in the
+early part of the seventeenth century, now in the possession of Mr. Van
+Asch van Wyck. In this is an article entitled "De Nobili et Antiqua Familia
+dicta Amersfoort seu potius Heemsfurt vel Hemefurt a vado Heeme seu Hemi
+fluvii." The writer makes mention of the well-known grant of Charlemagne to
+the cathedral of Utrecht, by which Lisidunum (Leusden) and four forests on
+the banks of the Eem were ceded to this church: _Hengestschoten_,
+_Fornese_, _Mocoroth_, and _Widoc_. The writer considers the last-named
+forest to be that of _Wede_ or _Woden_; and derives thence the family-name
+_Weede_. Concerning _Hengestschoten_ is remarked:
+
+    "_Hengist_, qui circum annum 450 Britanniam insulam cum suis Frisonibus
+    et Saxonibus occupat." And further: "Weede nomen adhunc retinere
+    videtur a _Woden_, qui fuit avus avi _Hengesti_, sicut
+    _Hengestschoten_, nune pr�dium dominorum Oestbroek, ab _Hengisto_
+    nominatur."
+
+Henschoten was ceded to the abbey of Oestbroek in 1130, and sold at the
+breaking up of the monasteries; and is now the property of Mr. Van Asch van
+Wyck. Since, therefore, the above extract must have been written before the
+Reformation, the belief that our forefathers proceeded from this country is
+by no means new; and the evidence in its support is, I think, stronger than
+that adduced by Turner and Lappenberg in favour of an immigration from
+Sleswig; indeed it seems not improbable that the first settlers, with
+_Hengist_ at their head, sailed from the mouth of the Eem. I have more to
+add in a future Number, if "NOTES AND QUERIES" can afford me space.
+
+J. S.
+
+Woudenberg, April, 1851.
+
+[Footnote 3: Bondam's _Charter-boek_.]
+
+[Footnote 4: See Gibson, _A.-S. Chron._]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Villenage._--Can any of your readers inform me at what period villenage
+became extinct in this kingdom? I have now before me a grant of a manor
+from the Crown, in the third and fourth year of the reigns of King Philip
+and Queen Mary, conveying, amongst other goods and chattels, the bondmen,
+bondwomen, and villeins, with their sequels,--"Nativos, nativas, e villanos
+cum eoz sequelis." According to Blackstone, the children of villeins were
+in the same state of bondage with their parents; whence they were called,
+in Latin, "nativi," which gave rise to the female appellation of a villein,
+who was called a _neife_. What I wish to learn is, whether the old wording
+of Crown grants had survived the {328} existence of villenage; or whether
+bondage was a reality in the reign of Philip and Mary; and if so, at what
+it became extinct?
+
+H. C.
+
+Workington.
+
+    [Our correspondent's Query is an interesting one; but he does not seem
+    to be aware that in our First Vol., p. 139., Mr. E. SMIRKE had given
+    the names of three "bondmen of bloude" living near Brighton in 1617.]
+
+_Roman Roads near London._--In the most ancient maps of Middlesex that I
+have seen, there are no roads marked out. In a folio coloured map of
+Middlesex, published by Bowen (the date of which is, I think, 1709,
+although the same map has various dates, like those of Speed, where the
+date only is altered several times), the roads are introduced. A Roman road
+appears from the corner of the Tottenham Court Road, where the Hampstead
+Road and the New Road now meet, running through what must now be the
+Regent's Park, until it reaches Edgeware, and thence to Brockley Hills,
+called Sulloniac�, an ancient city in Antonine's _Itinerary_. The lanes
+marking this road are so different from the other roads, as to show at once
+what is intended; and yet, either in this same map or in another with the
+same route, Watling Street is printed upon the highway that leads to Tyburn
+Turnpike, in a manner to show the whole of that distance is meant. The
+Roman road from Tottenham Court, after making its appearance in a variety
+of other maps up to a certain date, about 1780, is nowhere to be found
+since, in any of the Middlesex maps. Can any of your readers show by what
+authority this was first introduced, and why discontinued; and if the
+Watling Street branched off, upon its approach to London, where did the
+part crossing Oxford Street at Tyburn lead to?
+
+JOHN FRANCIS-X.
+
+_Mrs. Catherine Barton._--In Brewster's _Life of Sir Isaac Newton_, p.
+250., is the following passage:
+
+    "This accomplished nobleman was created Earl of Halifax in 1700, and
+    after the death of his first wife he conceived a strong attachment for
+    Mrs. Catherine Barton, the widow of Colonel Barton, and the niece of
+    Newton."
+
+I wish particularly to know the _maiden_ name of this Catherine Barton; she
+married Mr. Conduitt, who succeeded Sir I. Newton as Master of the Mint.
+
+J. E. R. S.
+
+Sampford, Braintree, April 7. 1851.
+
+_Sempecta at Croyland._--DR. MAITLAND has so kindly answered your
+correspondent's Query respecting his work on Mesmerism, that I venture to
+ask him another, through the medium of your pages. Where can be found the
+poem respecting the old soldier monk at Croyland (or Sempecta, as Ingulphus
+calls him), from which DR. M. has given extracts in p. 305. of his _Dark
+Ages_?
+
+H. R. L.
+
+Trin. Coll.
+
+_Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis--Roman Medicine-stamps._--Can any of
+your readers inform me,--
+
+1st. Of the DATE when Schmidt published his _Antiquitates Neomagensis_, and
+WHERE: also in what libraries it is to be found?
+
+2nd. Of the existence of any Roman medicine-stamps found in the British
+Islands, as yet undescribed by those who have written on the subject.
+
+Q.
+
+_Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the Royal Navy._--Is there any probability
+that the _History of the Royal Navy_, begun by Sir N. H. Nicolas, and
+carried by him to the reign of Henry V., will ever be continued. It is a
+most valuable work, and was stopped by his lamented death, just as it was
+beginning to be most interesting.
+
+E. N. W.
+
+_Wooden Baldrocks._--_Thanksgiving-book._--In the vestry-books of St.
+Peter's, Ruthin, co. Denbigh, there are some entries, explanations of which
+will be very acceptable.
+
+From 1683, and many subsequent years, there is a constant repetition in the
+churchwarden's account of "Wooden Baldrocks," from time to time supplied
+new to the parish.
+
+In 1704, "A Thanksgiving-book" is charged in the parish accounts.
+
+Query the use and nature of Baldrock? and what book is meant by a
+Thanksgiving-book?
+
+About the above period, continual payments are made for the destruction of
+hedgehogs, which seem to be valued at sixpence a-piece, in some cases
+fourpence; and to have been allowed in the parish accounts.
+
+A CHURCHWARDEN.
+
+_History of the Jesuits._--Who was the author of _A History of the Jesuits;
+to which is prefixed a Reply to Mr. Dallas's Defence of that Order_. It was
+published in two volumes 8vo., London, 1816, by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy,
+Paternoster Row.
+
+H. R. L.
+
+Trin. Coll.
+
+_Mind your P's and Q's._--What is the origin of this phrase? I have heard
+one solution of it, but wish to ascertain whether there is any other?
+
+R. D. H.
+
+_Mode of hiring Domestic Servants in Holderness--Sittings--Fest._--It is
+customary once a year for men and women servants out of place to assemble
+in the market places of Hedon and Patrington, the two chief towns in
+Holderness, and there to await being hired. This very ancient custom is
+called Hedon _Sittings_ or _Statutes_. What is the name derived from? A
+small sum of money given to each servant hired, is supposed to legalise the
+contract, and is called the _Fest_. From what is the word derived?
+
+F. R. R.
+
+_Home-made Wines._--It is stated in _The Times_ of this morning (Feb. 17)
+that-- {329}
+
+    "We know from old chronicles that most of the wine drank by Englishmen,
+    under the Plantagenets, was of home production."
+
+Can any, and if so what, authority be shown for this statement?
+
+J. SN.
+
+_Inscription on a Clock._--Under the curious clock in Exeter Cathedral are
+inscribed these words:
+
+    "PEREUNT ET IMPUTANTUR, sc. hor�."
+
+I have been told that they are the concluding words of a longer inscription
+on some foreign clock. Can any of your readers tell me if they be so?
+
+J. W. HEWETT.
+
+_Inscription on the Tomb of Peter the Hermit._--At Huy, on the Meuse, is
+shown the tomb where Peter the Hermit was buried: it is in the shape of an
+obelisk, and has an inscription on each of the four sides. Of this
+inscription, which is curious, and which I copied when I was there, I have
+lost the greater part: can one of your correspondents supply it for me, or
+tell where the lines are originally to be found, as I fancy they are
+adapted to, and not made for, the monument.
+
+The part of the inscription which I have runs as follows:
+
+                  (INSCRIPTION.)
+
+ "Soldat du Pape Urbain, aux cris de 'Dieu le veut,'
+      Il a pr�cipit� l'Europe sur l'Asie;
+      Le p�ril arriv�, sa sainte frenesie
+  N'a plus trouv� qu'un cri arrive 'Sauve qui peut.'
+                  Dieu,
+  L'intol�rant l'outrage, insulte � sa grandeur,
+  Tel masque qu'il affecte, il n'est qu'une imposteur."
+
+Another two-lined motto is headed "Les Illusions;" and a third, "La
+Libert�;" but neither these, nor a longer one (which I fancy introduces the
+names of Moli�re, Rousseau, and F�n�lon), am I able to quote.
+
+H. A. B.
+
+_Wife of James Torre._-James Torre, the Yorkshire antiquary, married for
+his first wife Elizabeth Lincolne (see _Ducatus Leod._, p. 119. Whitaker's
+ed.); can any one inform me who was that lady's father, and if there is any
+pedigree known of the family?
+
+I have little doubt that the Rev. William Lincolne, rector of Halton,
+Lincolnshire, mentioned by Walker, in his _Sufferings of the Clergy_, b.
+ii. p. 295., was of the same family.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK, Jun.
+
+Bottesford Moors.
+
+_"The Bear's Bible."_--In the library of Queen's College, Oxon, is a copy
+of the Spanish version of the Bible, by Cassiod. Reyna (1569), with the
+following inscription:--
+
+    Ampliss. Antistiti. ac D�o R^{mo} D. Edmundo Grindalo, archiepiscopo
+    Cantuariensi, et totius Angli� primati digniss. _Ob erepta hujus
+    Hispanic� versionis sacrorum librorum Scripta ex hostium manibus_
+    Cassiodorus Reinius ejusdem versionis author gratitudinis ergo et in
+    perpetu� observanti� pignus D.D.D."
+
+What are the circumstances here alluded to?
+
+H. H. W.
+
+_Harris, Painter in Water-Colours._--Some friends of mine have a large
+paper copy of the edition of the Bible, published in 1802, by Messrs.
+Nicoll, of Pall-Mall, and known as "Reeves' Bible," which is adorned with a
+large number of small original drawings in water-colour by "J. Harris, of
+Walworth, Surrey." I should be obliged if any of your correspondents can
+give me any information respecting Mr. Harris, and can tell me whether he
+is still living. The drawings were made before the year 1819.
+
+T. C. W.
+
+_University Hoods._--The Scotch universities of Aberdeen, St. Andrew's, and
+Glasgow had, before the Reformation, or before the Revolution rather, hoods
+for the several degrees of M.A., D.D., LL.D., and D.C.L. What these were,
+is a question which it is now very difficult to determine; but this much is
+known, that the hoods of Aberdeen were identical with those of Paris, those
+of St. Andrew's with those of Louvain, and those of Glasgow with those of
+Bologna. The Revolution, however, has done much to obliterate the traces of
+even the Parisian hoods, and the M.A. hood of Paris is all that has
+hitherto rewarded the researches of the university antiquary. Can any of
+your readers assist in the somewhat interesting investigation by
+endeavouring to discover, or informing us if they already know, what were
+the hoods of the universities of Paris, Louvain, and Bologna, for the
+several degrees I have enumerated.
+
+G. A. J.
+
+_"Nullis Fraus tuta latebris."_--Can any of your correspondents favour me
+with a reference to the above motto?
+
+S. S.
+
+_Voltaire, where situated?_--The "_terre_," hamlet, or other _property_ of
+_Voltaire_, from which the French poet took the addition to his paternal
+name of Arouet,--where situated? That there is, or at least was, in
+Voltaire's time, such an estate, Condorcet's statement (_vide_ Voltaire)
+makes apparent. But the locality is not pointed out. Can any of your
+correspondents help me to it?
+
+V.
+
+_Table of Prohibited Degrees, 1563._--By the 99th canon of the Church of
+England the "table of prohibited degrees" set forth by authority in 1563 is
+ordered to "be in every church publicly set up and fixed at the charge of
+the parish." Is this usually done now? and if not, why is it omitted to be
+done?
+
+What is the authority for the insertion of the Canons, or the Articles, or
+the table of the {330} prohibited degrees found in the Book of Common
+Prayer?
+
+J. O. M.
+
+_Launcelot Lyttleton._--I shall be greatly obliged to any genealogist who
+can tell me who was that Launcelot Lyttleton, a Lichfield gentleman, whose
+eldest laughter, Mary, married the Hon. Francis Roper, and became the
+mother of the fourteenth Lord Teynham. Was this Launcelot a descendant of
+Sir Edward Lyttleton, temp. Eliz., who married a daughter of Sir William
+Devereux?
+
+I could answer my own question by an inspection of the "Roper Roll;" but
+unfortunately that is in Ireland, and I may not soon discover the address
+of its possessor.
+
+H. G. R. C.
+
+Erechtheum.
+
+_The Antediluvians._--Can you or any of your learned correspondents inform
+me of any work likely to assist me in my researches into the antediluvian
+history of our race? The curious treatise of Reimmanus, and the erudite
+essay of J. Joachimus Maderus, I have now before me; but it occurs to me
+that, besides these and the more patent sources of information, such as
+Bruckerus and Josephus, there must be other, and perhaps more modern, works
+which may be more practically useful. Perhaps the author of the elegant
+essay on the subject in _Eruvin_ may be able to refer to such a a work.
+
+G. A. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Wither's Haleluiah._--Mr. R. A. Willmott, in his _Lives of Sacred Poets_,
+has done himself credit by doing justice to George Wither, and vindicating
+his claims as poet, whom it has long been the fashion to underrate, but who
+Southey said "had the heart and soul of a poet in him."--(_Life_, iii.
+126.)
+
+In the _Life_, Mr. Willmott says:
+
+    "In 1641 appeared the _Haleluiah, or Britain's Second Remembrancer_ ...
+    which book, now as scarce as the first _Remembrancer_ is common, I have
+    not seen."
+
+It is therefore very probable that the work is seldom to be met with. I
+have a copy, but it is unfortunately imperfect; wanting a few leaves (only
+a few I imagine) at the end. There is no index, nor table of contents, by
+which I might ascertain the extent of the deficiency. The last page is 478,
+and contains a portion of Hymn 60, part iii. If any reader of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" would kindly inform me what is the number of pages of the work,
+and where a copy may be seen, he will oblige
+
+S. S. S.
+
+    [The work consists of 487 pages, with an index of twelve more. A copy
+    of it in in the Library of the British Museum.]
+
+_Voltaire's Henriade._--Is it known who is the author of the English
+translation of this poem into blank verse, published in 1732. The preface
+and the notes create a desire to know the author. In one of the notes (17)
+he speaks of something as being "proved at large in my _History of
+Christianity_ now ready for the press." I am not aware that any such work
+exists. Was it ever published? If not what became of the manuscript?
+
+S. T. D.
+
+    [Voltaire's _Henriade_ was translated by John Lockman, a gentleman of
+    great literary industry, who died Feb. 2, 1771. See Nichols's _Bowyer_,
+    and Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_. A list of his published works
+    will be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britan_.]
+
+_Christ-Crosse A._--In Tatham's _Fancie's Theater_, 12mo., 1640, is a poem
+in praise of sack, wherein the following lines occur:
+
+ "The very children, ere they scarce can say
+  Their Pater Noster, or their _Christ-crosse A_,
+  Will to their Parents prattle, and desire
+  To taste that Drinke which Gods doe so admire."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me the meaning of "_Christ-Crosse A_" here
+mentioned? Does it allude to some alphabet then in use?
+
+CATO.
+
+    [The alphabet was so designated, because in the old primers a cross was
+    prefixed to it. Nares tells us that in French it was called _Croix de
+    par Dieu_; and upon reference to Cotgrave for an expression of that
+    term we find, "The Christ's-cross-row; or the hornbook wherein a child
+    learns it."]
+
+_Apple-pie Order._--_Spick and Span new._--My wife very much grudges my
+spending threepence a week for the "NOTES AND QUERIES", and threatens me
+with stopping the allowance unless I obtain from some of your
+correspondents answers to the two following Queries:--
+
+1. What is the origin of the phrase "Apple-pie order?"
+
+2. Ditto--of "Spick and span new?"
+
+JERRY SNEAK.
+
+    [We leave to some of our friends the task of answering the first of the
+    Queries which our correspondent has put to us by desire of his
+    "better-half."
+
+    There is much curious illustration of the phrase _Spick and Span_ in
+    Todd's _Johnson_, s. v. _Spick_: and Nares in his _Glossary_ says,
+    "_Span-newe_ is found in Chaucer:
+
+     'This tale was aie _span-newe_ to begin.'--_Troil. and Cres._, iii.
+         1671.
+
+    It is therefore of good antiquity in the language, and not having been
+    taken from the French may best be referred to the Saxon, in which
+    _spannan_ means to stretch. Hence _span-new_ is fresh from the
+    _stretchers_, or frames, alluding to cloth, a very old manufacture of
+    the country; and _spick_ and _span_ is fresh from the spike, or tenter,
+    and frames. This is Johnson's derivation, and I cannot but think it
+    preferable to any other."
+
+    A very early instance of the expression, not quoted by Todd, may be
+    found in the _Romance of Alexander_: {331}
+
+     "Richelich he doth him schrede
+      In _spon-neowe_ knightis weode."--L. 4054-5.
+
+    And _Weber_, in his _Glossary_ (or rather, Mr. Douce, for the "D"
+    appended to the note shows it to have proceeded from that accomplished
+    antiquary), explains it, "_Spon-neowe_, span-new, newly spun. This is
+    probably the true explanation of spick and span new. Ihre renders
+    sping-spang, _plane novus_, in voce fick fack." The learned Jamieson,
+    in his _Dictionary_, s. v. _Split-new_ (which corresponds to the German
+    _Splitter neu_, i. e. as new as a splinter or chip from the block),
+    shows, at greater length than we can quote, that _split_ and _span_
+    equally denote a splinter or chip; and in his _Supplement_, s. v.
+    _Spang-new_, after pointing out the connexion between _spinga_ (assula)
+    and _spaungha_ (lamina), shows that, if this be the original, the
+    allusion must be to metal newly wrought, that has, as it were, the
+    gloss from the fire on it: in short, that the epithet is the same as
+    one equally familiar to us, i. e. _fire-new_, Germ. _vier-neu_. We will
+    bring this note to a close by a reference to Sewell's _Dutch
+    Dictionary_, where _Spiksp�lder nieuw_ is rendered "Spick and span
+    new."]
+
+_Theory of the Earth's Form._--Have any objections to the received theory
+of the earth's spherical form, or any revival of the old "plane" doctrine,
+been recently noticed and controverted by _scientific_ men of known
+standing?
+
+BRUNO.
+
+    [The old theory has been advanced, and even lectured on, within these
+    two years; but no notice has been taken of it by scientific men.]
+
+_Carolus Lawson._--Who was "Carolus Lawson," of whom I have a good print,
+engraved by Heath. He is called "Schol� Mancuniensis Archididascalus,"
+1797. "Pietas alumnorum" is inscribed underneath, and on the back is
+written, probably by some grateful pupil--
+
+    "Cari propinqui, cari liberi, cari parentes, sed omnes omnium caritates
+    _Archididascalus noster_ comprehendit."--_Cicero_ (verbis quibusdam
+    mutatis).
+
+NEMO.
+
+    [Mr. Charles Lawson was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and
+    was presented by the president, Dr. Randolph, in 1749, to the place of
+    Second Master of Manchester Grammar School; upon the death of Mr.
+    Purnell, in 1764, he succeeded him as Head Master. The colleges of St.
+    John, in Cambridge, and of Brazenose, in Oxford, can bear witness to
+    the success with which he laboured for more than half a century in his
+    profession, having received from the Manchester school, whilst under
+    his direction, a very considerable number of well-grounded classical
+    scholars. He died at Manchester on April 19, 1807, aged seventy-nine.
+    Some further particulars respecting him may be found in the
+    _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxxvii. part i. p. 583.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+HAYBANDS IN SEALS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 186. 248. 291.)
+
+I am sorry that in referring to a peculiarity in ancient seals under this
+title, MR. LOWER should have pinned to his notice a theory which I feel
+persuaded is quite untenable. It is surely something new to those who have
+directed their attention to the numerous devices upon seals to find that
+the husbandman had so low an opinion of his own social status as to reject
+the use of any emblematical sign upon his seal, when Thomas the smith,
+Roger the carpenter, and William the farrier, bore the elements of their
+respective crafts as proudly as the knight did his chevron or fess. But the
+question is one of facts. The following examples of the use of the
+"hayband" are now before me:--
+
+6 June, 7 Henry IV. Grant by John Dursley, citizen and armorer of London,
+to William Serjaunt Taverner, of Stanes, and another, of a messuage, &c. in
+Westminster. Seal of dark red was, about 1� inch in diameter; a hay-stalk
+twisted and pressed into the wax while hot, inclosing a space as large as a
+shilling, in which is a poor impression of a badly engraved seal; the whole
+very clumsy and rough.
+
+26 November, 24 Henry VI. Grant by Maurice Brune, Knight, Robert Darcy,
+John Doreward, Henry Clovill, Esquire, John Grene, and Henry Stampe, to
+Richard Hill and others, of lands, &c., in Sprinfield, &c., in Essex. Each
+seal is round and thick, and has the impression of a small armorial
+bearing. The 1st, 2nd, and 5th seals have a small plaited coil of hay
+pressed into the wax, and inclosing the impression.
+
+26 Henry VI. Receipt by Jane Grene for 10l. paid her by the Earl of Ormond.
+Seal of diminutive size, and the impression nearly defaced. Round the
+extreme edge is a "diminutive hayband."
+
+2 January, 34 Henry VI. Grant by Thomas Tudenham, Knight, John Leventhorp,
+Esquire, and Thomas Radclyff, of the reversion of the manor of Newhall to
+John Neell and others. All the seals, which are large and thick and more
+than two inches in diameter, have the impression of a signet ring inclosed
+with a "hayband" _of parchment_ pressed into them. One of these coils being
+loose shows itself to be a thin strip of the label itself brought through
+the wax.
+
+10 February, 14 Edward IV. Lease by Sir Thomas Urswyk, Knight, Chief Baron
+of the Exchequer, and Thomas Lovell, to John Morton and others, of the
+manor of Newhall, Essex, and other lands, &c. The seal of Lovell has his
+armorial bearings and legend; that of the Lord Chief Baron is the
+impression of a signet ring, being a classical bust. The seal itself is a
+thick ball of wax about {332} two inches across, pressed into the face of
+which is a "hayband" or twisted coil of _thin parchment_ inclosing the
+impression.
+
+I am sure that I have seen many examples much earlier and later, but those
+given are merely in reference to the theory of your Lewes correspondent.
+Even they are surely inconsistent with the idea of the practice being
+peculiar to any locality or distinctive of any class. My recollection would
+lead me to assign the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries as the period
+of its use. But still the question remains--Has it any, and what
+signification? I have always considered it to have been a contrivance to
+strengthen the substance of the seal itself. The earliest instances I have
+seen were "appliqu�" seals, such as the royal privy seals, and with these
+it would seem to have originated. Their frail nature suggested the use of
+some substance to protect the thin layer of wax from damage by the
+crumpling of the parchment on which they were impressed. For some time its
+use was confined to this kind of seal; and fashion may perhaps have
+extended the practice to pendent seals, where, however, it was often
+efficacious in neutralising the bad quality of the wax so general in the
+fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The plaiting of the hay or straw
+sometimes assumed a fanciful shape. Although the impressions of seals of
+the time of Henry VII. are often very bad, there are generally traces of
+their existence; these may perhaps be discovered in MR. LOWER'S seals if he
+looks more to the enclosure than to the substance forming it.
+
+JOSEPH BURTT.
+
+_Haybands in Seals._--M. A. LOWER thinks that MR. T. HUDSON TURNER has
+misapplied his description of the seals in his possession. The seals are
+not _impressed upon haybands_, neither do "some ends of the hay or straw
+protrude from the surface." The little fillet or wreath of hay, about equal
+in diameter to a shilling, is _inlaid_ upon the pendent lump of wax, and
+forms the ornament or device of the seal, rather than an integral portion
+of it, like that in the specimens referred to by MR. TURNER.
+
+M. A. LOWER begs, under favour, to add, that the very fact of a Query being
+inserted in the pages of this invaluable--one might almost say
+indispensable--publication, implies a candid avowal _pro tanto_ of
+ignorance on the part of the Querist, who might reasonably expect a plain
+answer, unaccompanied by any ungracious reflection on the side of the more
+highly-gifted _savant_ that furnished the reply. As a simple matter of
+taste, many other correspondents besides MARK ANTONY LOWER may probably
+object, like the latter's eminent namesake, Mr. Tony Weller, to being
+"pulled up so wery short," especially in cases where there is a clear
+misapprehension on the part of the respondent.
+
+_Haybands in Seals._--It is impossible for one moment to doubt the
+correctness of MR. HUDSON TURNER'S remarks on this question, and I hasten
+to retract my own suggestions, frankly acknowledging them to be erroneous.
+
+I had always taken the same view as MR. TURNER (for it is very palpable to
+the eye, and speaks for itself), till diverted from it by one of those
+sudden fancies which, spite of all caution, will ever and anon
+unaccountably cross the mind and bewilder the better judgment. To have
+established my view, these rushes should have been proved to be affixed to
+deeds of _feoffment alone_; a point which, at the moment, I overlooked.
+Even while I write, I have before me a _lease_ granted by the abbey of
+Denney in the fifteenth century, with a rush in the seal; and MR. TURNER'S
+cited instances of royal charters put an end to all question.
+
+Lest others be led astray by my freak of fancy, without an opportunity of
+correcting it by MR. TURNER'S statement, the proper course for me is to
+acknowledge myself wrong--palpably, unmistakeably wrong,--MR. TURNER'S
+explanation is the correct one; thanks to him for it--_liberavi animam
+meam_.
+
+L. B. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NORTH SIDE OF CHURCHYARDS.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 93. 253.; Vol. iii., p. 125.)
+
+Your correspondents on this subject have generally taken it as granted,
+that the prejudice against burying in this portion of the churchyard is
+almost universal. In a former communication (Vol. ii., p. 93.) I stated
+that there are at least some exceptions. Since that time I have visited
+perhaps a hundred churchyards in the counties of York, Derby, Stafford,
+Bucks, Herts, and Oxford, and in nearly half of these burial had evidently
+been long since practised on the north side of the several churches. The
+parish church of Ashby de la Zouch is built so near the south wall of the
+churchyard, that the north must clearly have been designed for sepulture. I
+was incumbent of an ancient village church in that neighbourhood, which is
+built in the same manner, with scarcely any ground on the south, the north
+being large and considerably raised by the numerous interments which have
+taken place in it. It has also some old tombs, which ten years ago were
+fast falling to decay. The part south of the church contains very few
+graves, and all apparently of recent date.
+
+In my former communication I mentioned, that in this churchyard burial has
+been chiefly, till of late, on the north side of the church; and, since
+that communication, a vault has been made on the south side, which has
+convinced us the ground had never before been there broken up. The soil is
+chalk; whereas, whenever a grave is made on the north side, human dust and
+bones are so {333} abundant, that the chalk soil has almost lost its
+nature.
+
+Till more light can be thrown on the subject than what has yet appeared in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," I cannot but retain my original opinion, viz., that
+the favourite part of interment, in earlier times, was that nearest the
+principal entrance into the church. The original object of burying in
+churches and churchyards was the better to insure for the dead the prayers
+of the worshippers, as they assembled for public devotion. Hence the
+churchyard nearest the entrance into church would be most in request. The
+origin of the prejudice for the south side, which I believe to be of recent
+date, may, I doubt not, be ascertained from any superstitious cottager who
+entertains it. "It would be so cold, sir," said one to me, "to be always
+lying where the sun would never shine on me."
+
+If your correspondent on this subject in Vol. iii., p. 125., would ask an
+old inhabitant of his parish which is the _backside_ of their church, and
+why it is so called? he would probably come at the fact. I would refer him
+to Burn's _History of Parish Registers_, page 96., foot-note, where he will
+find it stated that "a part of the churchyard was sometimes left
+unconsecrated, for the purpose of burying excommunicated persons."
+
+W. HASTINGS KELKE.
+
+Drayton Beauchamp.
+
+_North Side of Churchyards._--Your correspondents seem to be agreed as to
+the facts, not as to the origin of the objection. I suspect MR. HAWKER
+(Vol. ii., p. 253.) is nearest the truth; and the following, from
+_Coverdale on Praying for the Dead_, may help to strengthen his conjecture:
+
+    "As men die, so shall they arise: _if in faith_ in the Lord _towards
+    the south_, they need no prayers; they are presently happy, and shall
+    arise in glory: _if in unbelief_ without the Lord _towards the north_,
+    then are they past all hope."
+
+N. S.
+
+_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 253. 346.).--The subjoined
+extract from Bishop Wilkins's _Discourse concerning a New Planet, tending
+to prove that it is probable our Earth is one of the Planets_, 8vo., 1640,
+pp. 64-66., will serve to illustrate the passage from Milton, of the north
+being "the devoted region of Satan and his hosts:"
+
+    "It was the opinion of the Jewish rabbies, that man was created with
+    his face to the east; therefore the Hebrew word signifies _ante_, or
+    the east; _post_, or the west; _dextra_, or the south; _sinistra_, or
+    the north. You may see all of them put together in that place of Job
+    xxiii. 8, 9.: 'Behold I go forward, and he is not there; and backward,
+    but I cannot perceive him: on the left hand, where he doth work, but I
+    cannot behold him. He hideth himself on the right hand, that I cannot
+    see him.' Which expressions are, by some interpreters, referred unto
+    the four coasts of heaven, according to the common use of those
+    original words. From hence it is that many of the ancients have
+    concluded hell to be in the north, which is signified by the left hand;
+    unto which side, our Saviour tells us, that the goats shall be divided.
+    Which opinion likewise seems to be favoured by that place in Job xxvi.
+    6, 7., where it is said, "Hell is naked before God, and destruction
+    hath no covering.' And presently it is added, 'He stretcheth out the
+    north over the empty place.' Upon these grounds, St. Jerome interprets
+    that speech of the Preacher, Eccles. xi. 3.: 'If the tree fall toward
+    the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth,
+    there shall it be,' concerning those who shall go either to heaven or
+    hell. And in this sense also do some expound that of Zechariah (xiv.
+    4.), where it is said that 'the Mount of Olives shall cleave in the
+    midst: half of it shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward
+    the south.' By which it is intimated, that amongst those Gentiles, who
+    shall take upon them the profession of Christ, there are two sorts:
+    some that go to the north, that is, to hell; and others to the south,
+    that is, to heaven. And therefore it is, say they, that God so often
+    threatens evil out of the north: and upon this ground it is, saith
+    Besoldus, that there is no religion that worships that way. We read of
+    the Mahometans, that they adore towards the south; the Jews towards the
+    west; Christians towards the east; but none to the _north_."
+
+J. Y.
+
+Hoxton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ROLLIAD, AND SOME OF ITS WRITERS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 276.)
+
+MR. DAWSON TURNER asks for information regarding three writers in the
+_Rolliad_, viz.: Tickell, Richardson, and Fitzpatrick. Memoirs of the first
+two are given in Chalmers's _Dictionary_; but in Moore's _Life of
+Sheridan_, MR. TURNER will find several notices of them, far more
+attractive than dry biographical details. They were both intimately
+associated with Sheridan; Tickell, indeed, was his brother-in-law. One
+would prefer calling them his _friends_, but steady friendship must rest
+upon a firmer basis than those gifts of wit, talent, and a keen sense of
+the ridiculous, which prevailed so largely amongst this clever trio.
+
+Tickell's production, _Anticipation_, is still remembered from its
+cleverness and humour; but when every speaker introduced into its pages has
+long been dead, and some of them were little known to fame, the pamphlet is
+preserved by a few solely from the celebrity which it once possessed.
+
+His death in 1793 was a most melancholy one. It is described by Professor
+Smyth in in his interesting _Memoir of Sheridan_, a book printed some years
+ago for distribution among his friends, and which well deserves
+publication.
+
+Independent of his contributions to the _Rolliad_, {334} Richardson did
+little as an author. His comedy of _The Fugitive_, acted and published in
+1792, was well received, and is much praised. Why has this production so
+completely disappeared?
+
+General Fitzpatrick was born in 1749, and died in 1815. He was the second
+son of John, Earl of Upper Ossory; twice Secretary-at-War; once secretary
+to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Portland, but what he
+regarded as his highest distinction, and it is recorded on his tomb, was
+the friendship of Fox during forty years of their lives.
+
+Some of his speeches on the union with Ireland will be found in the
+thirty-fourth volume of the _Parliamentary History_.
+
+His epitaph, by himself, is inscribed on a sarcophagus in the church-yard
+at Sunning Hill, in which he describes himself--what his friends admitted
+to be truth--a politician without ambition, a writer without vanity.
+
+Which is the true reading in the following lines by Fitzpatrick on Fox? In
+my copy the word "course" in the third line is erased, and the word "mind"
+is substituted.
+
+ "A patriot's even course he steered,
+  Mid Faction's wildest storms unmoved:
+  By all who marked his _course_ revered,
+  By all who knew his heart beloved."
+
+Sheridan says most justly:
+
+    "Wit being generally founded upon the manners and characters of its own
+    day, is crowned in that day, beyond all other exertions of the mind,
+    with splendid and immediate success. But there is always something that
+    equalises. In return, more than any other production, it suffers
+    suddenly and irretrievably from the hand of Time."
+
+Still some publications, from their wit and brilliancy, are sufficiently
+buoyant to float down to posterity. The publication in question, the
+_Rolliad_, is one; the _Anti-Jacobin_ another. You may not be unwilling, in
+your useful pages, to give a list of some of the writers in the latter
+publication. My own copy of it is marked from that belonging to one of the
+writers, and is as follows:--
+
+  Nos. 1. 4. 9. 19. 26, 27--33., by Mr George Ellis.
+  Nos. 6. and 7., by Messrs. Ellis and Frere.
+  Nos. 20, 21, 22. 30--36., by Mr. Canning.
+  No. 10. by M.; No. 13. by C. B.; No. 39. by N.
+
+To the remaining numbers, neither names nor initials are affixed. Can any
+of your readers explain the initials, M., C. B., and N., and give us the
+authors of the _remaining_ numbers?
+
+In replying to Mr. TURNER'S Queries, I shall attend to the wish expressed
+by so old and so valued a friend, and substitute for initials, of which he
+disapproves, the name of
+
+J. H. MARKLAND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARDSON--TICKELL--FITZPATRICK.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 276.)
+
+I am much surprised at MR. DAWSON TURNER'S inquiry about these names. I
+will not say with him that, "not to know them argues himself unknown." On
+the contrary, my wonder is, that one, himself so well and so favourably
+known as MR. TURNER, should have need to ask such a question about men with
+whom, or, at least, with whose fame, he must have been a contemporary,
+presuming, as I do, that he is the same MR. DAWSON TURNER with whose works
+we have been acquainted for above half a century. Since, however, he has
+made the Query, I will answer it as succinctly as I can.
+
+The Right Honourable Richard Fitzpatrick was the only brother of the last
+Earl of Upper Ossory, and prominent in fashion, in politics, and in elegant
+literature, and not undistinguished as a soldier. He sat in _nine_
+successive parliaments (in two which I knew him). As early as 1782 he was
+Secretary for Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary-at-War, which office he again
+filled in 1806. In the galaxy of opposition wits, when opposition was
+wittiest, Fitzpatrick was generally admitted to be the first, and there
+were those who thought him _in general powers_ superior even to Fox and
+Sheridan. His oratory, however, did not do justice to his talents, and he
+was both shy and indolent. His best speech was that in December, 1796, for
+the release of Lafayette, to which even the ridicule of the _Anti-Jacobin_
+allowed the merit of pathetic eloquence. His share in the _Rolliad_ was
+considerable, and there are many other sprightly and some elegant specimens
+of his poetical talents scattered through various publications. I wish they
+were collected.
+
+Richard Tickell, the grandson of Addison's friend, and brother-in-law to
+Sheridan, was the author of _Anticipation_, one of the liveliest political
+pamphlets ever written. He published many occasional poems, the best of
+which is a poetical "Epistle from Charles Fox, partridge shooting, to Lord
+John Townsend, cruising." MR. DAWSON TURNER will find more about him in the
+_Biographical Dictionary_.
+
+Joseph Richardson, who died in 1803, was M.P. for Newport in three
+parliaments. He was an intimate friend of Sheridan's, and partner with him
+in Drury Lane Theatre. He wrote a play, entitled _The Fugitive_; but he is
+only remembered for his contributions (whatever they were) to the
+_Rolliad_. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ (vol. lxxiii. p. 602.), MR. DAWSON
+TURNER will find a longer notice of him.
+
+There are a few remarks on the authors of the _Rolliad_ in Moore's _Life of
+Sheridan_, i. 420.
+
+C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {335}
+
+QUAKERS' ATTEMPT TO CONVERT THE POPE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 302.)
+
+I have never met with any satisfactory account of this singular Quaker
+aggression. Perhaps it may be a contribution towards one if you can find
+room for some notice of a tract in my possession. It is entitled, _A
+Narrative of some of the Sufferings of J. P. in the City of Rome. London,
+printed for Thomas Simmons, at the Bull and Mouth, near Aldersgate_, 1661,
+4to., pp. 16. This narrative of John Perrot's does not, however, give any
+particulars respecting his going to Rome, or the proceedings which led to
+his captivity there, but begins with the words--
+
+    "When I was cast into Prison, because I loved the souls of my enemies,"
+    &c.;
+
+and after eight pages, chiefly occupied by inflated description of his
+sorrows, from which one obtains no facts, he tells us that God took pity on
+him,
+
+    "And raised up his little babe, my dear Brother Thomas Hart, to set his
+    tender soul nearer unto my sufferings, and made him take my burdens on
+    his back, and the yoak of my tribulation on his neck, and made him sup
+    of my sore sorrows, and drink of the bleedings of my grief,'--
+
+and so he goes on; but we do not learn what Thomas Hart did, except that he
+comforted John Perrot in his confinement.
+
+    "Moreover," he says, "the everlasting mercies of my God did stir up the
+    bowels of other two of his tender babes, named in the tent Jane Stokes
+    and Charles Baylie, to come to visit me whilest I was as forsaken of
+    all men."
+
+They persevered, he tells us,
+
+    "in their pilgrimage until they arrived to Rome, where C. B. offered
+    his life to ransom me, and both of them entered into captivity for the
+    love which they bore to my life."
+
+His _Narrative_ (strictly speaking) contains no further information, but
+that at the bottom of the tenth page it is dated and signed,
+
+    "Written in Rome Prison of Madmen. JOHN."
+
+The remaining six pages of the pamphlet consist of a letter from Charles
+Baylie, giving an account of his pilgrimage with Jane Stokes, from Dover to
+Calais, Paris, Marseilles, Genoa, until
+
+    "Arriving," he says, "safe at Rome, we were drawn in our lives directly
+    to the place where the dearly beloved J. P. was, and coming to the
+    prison door, I enquired for him, and having answer of his being there,
+    I desired for to speak with him, but it would not be permitted us; So
+    it was said in me, _Write unto him_, which I did, the which he answered
+    us in the fulness of love, which refreshed us after our weary steps;
+    For our souls were refreshed one in another, though one another's faces
+    we had never seen to the outward, and then we being kept in a holy fear
+    not to do nor act one way nor other, but as we were moved of the Lord,
+    least we should add to his bonds,--I say, being thus kept, we were
+    delivered out of the snare of the fowler, who secretly lay in wait to
+    betray our innocency; And after a little time the Lord showed me I
+    should go to the inquisition, which I did, and enquired for the
+    Inquisitor, as I was showed of the Lord I should do; and when I spoke
+    to him I told him _I was come from England for to see my brother
+    J. P._; to which he answered, _I should see him_, and appointed me to
+    come to a certain place called _Minerva_, and there, saith he, _I will
+    procure you the liberty of the Cardinalls to see him_; he had me also
+    to the Inquisition office, where he asked many questions of me
+    concerning our religion, to which I answered in the simplicity of my
+    heart in the fear of the Lord; and at the appointed time I came to the
+    place aforesaid, and there I was showed what further I should do, which
+    was to tender my body for my brother; and so from that time I hardly
+    missed opportunity to speak to them as often as they met: for their
+    manner was thus to meet twice a-week, the one time at _Minerva_, and
+    the other time at _Monte-Cavallo_, where the Pope's own dwelling is,
+    where I also did the like, more than once, which stirred them up
+    against me, in great enmity," &c.
+
+I am afraid I am trespassing on your overfilled columns; but--omitting his
+account of his going to the Jews' synagogue, and of the command which he
+received to fast twenty days as a testimony against those who falsely
+stated that John Luffe had fasted nineteen days and died on the
+twentieth--omitting this, I must give one more extract. Having been
+detained in one of his visits to the _Minerva_, he says:
+
+    "From thence I was carried to the Inquisition, where I was shut up
+    close, and after I had been there 3 dayes the Lord said to me, _Thou
+    must go to the Pazzarella_, which was the Prison or Hospital of mad
+    men, where our dear brother was prisoner; and it was also said unto me,
+    _Thou shalt also speak to the Pope_; And at the 17 dayes end, I was led
+    from the Inquisition towards the other prison, and by the way I met the
+    Pope carried in great pomp; as it was the good will of the Lord that I
+    should speak unto him, men could not prevent it, for I met him towards
+    the foot of a bridge, where I was something nigh him, and when he came
+    against me, the people being on their knees on each side of him, I
+    cried to him with a loud voice in the Italian tongue, _To do the thing
+    that was Just, and to release the Innocent_; and whilest I was
+    speaking, the man which led me had not power to take me away until I
+    had done, and then he had me to prison where my endeared brother was,
+    where I fasted about 20 dayes as a witness against that bloody
+    generation," &c.
+
+As to how they got out, he only says:
+
+    "Soon after my fast, the Lord, by an outstretched arm, wrought our
+    deliverance, being condemned to perpetual galley-slavery, if ever we
+    returned again unto Rome."
+
+It appears, however, that though thus prevented from exercising his office
+of a missionary in Rome, Charles Baylie did not relinquish it. In the
+letter just quoted he informs his correspondent (who this was does not
+appear), that since he had seen his face, he had been several times (as he
+was while {336} writing) shut up in strong prisons; and the letter is dated
+
+    "The third of the sixth month, 1661. _From the Common Gaol in_ Burkdou,
+    _in_ France, _about thirty leagues from_ Dover, _where I am a sufferer
+    for speaking the Word of the Lord to two Priests, saying_, All Idols,
+    all Idolatries, and all Idol Priests must perish."
+
+John Perrot seems to have considered that his mission extended over all the
+world. While in Rome Prison of Madmen, he wrote an address "To all people
+upon the face of the Earth," which he "sent thence the 8th of the 10th
+month, 1660;" and he was, no doubt, the author of the tract which follows
+it (and precedes the narrative) in my volume, entitled "Blessed openings of
+a day of good things to the Turks. Written to the Heads, Rulers, Ancients,
+and Elders of their Land, and whomsoever else it may concern," though it is
+only signed "JOHN." To him also, I suppose, we must ascribe another tract,
+_Discoveries of the Day-dawning to the Jewes. Whereby they may know in what
+state they shall inherit the riches and glory of Promise_. "J. P." is all
+that is given for the author's name on the title-page, but the tract is
+signed [Hebrew: JWHN], that is, John. He too, I presume, was the author of
+another of the tracts, _An Epistle to the Greeks, especially to those in
+and about Corinth and Athens, &c. Written in Egripo in the Island of
+Negroponte, by a Servant of the Lord: J. P._ He seems to have been at
+Athens on the 27th day of the 7th month, in the year accounted 1657, being
+the first day of the week, the day of Greek solemn worship, and to have
+been "conversant" with Carlo Dessio and Gumeno Stephaci, "called Greek
+doctors."
+
+S. R. M.
+
+Gloucester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SNAIL-EATING.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 221.)
+
+Snail-eating is by no means uncommon. When I was a youth I took a dozen
+snails every morning to a lady who was of a delicate constitution, and to
+whom they were recommended as wholesome food. They were boiled, and mixed
+up with milk. They were the common snail, usually found about old garden
+walls. A friend of mine, in walking round his garden, was in the habit of
+picking the snails off his fruit-trees and eating them raw. He was somewhat
+fastidious, for I have seen him take a snail, put it to his tongue, and
+reject it as not of a good flavour, and select another more agreeable to
+his taste. We are strange creatures of habit, especially in our feeding. I
+am fond of oysters, muscles, and cockles; but I do not think anything could
+induce me to taste a snail, a periwinkle, or a limpet.
+
+B. H.
+
+_Snail-eating._--This practice is very general in Italy. While residing
+near Florence, my attention was often attracted by a heap of fifty or one
+hundred very clean, empty, snail-shells, in a ditch, or under a bush; and I
+indulged in many vain speculations, before I could account for so strange a
+phenomenon.
+
+One day, however, I happened to meet the _contadina_ coming out of my
+garden with a basket on her arm; and from her shy, conscious manner, and an
+evident wish to avoid my seeing the contents, I rather suspected she had
+been making free with my peaches. To my surprise, however, I found that she
+was laden with the delicious _frutta-di-terra_ (sometimes so called, as the
+Echinus, so common along the Italian coast, is called _frutta-di-mare_);
+and thinking that she had been collecting them simply from regard to my
+fruit and vegetables, I thanked her for her kind services. But she
+understood me ironically, and, with a good deal of confusion, offered to
+carry them to the kitchen, apologising most elaborately, and assuring me
+that she would on no account have taken them, had not our cook told her
+that we despised them, and that she would no doubt be welcome. I asked her
+what in the world she intended to do with them? and, with a look of
+amazement at my question, even surpassing mine at her reply, she informed
+me that her brother and his wife had come to pay them a visit, and that,
+with my kind permission, she would thus treat them to "_una bellissima
+cena_." She had collected about three quarts, during a search of two hours.
+The large brown kind only are eaten. Among the poor they are generally
+esteemed a delicacy, and reputed to be marvellously nutritious.
+
+NOCAB.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR JOHN DAVIES, DAVIS, OR DAVYS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 82.)
+
+The following additional particulars of this eminent lawyer and poet may be
+deemed interesting. In a letter from Mr. Pary to the Rev. Josiah Mead, of
+the 26th November, 1626, it is stated:
+
+    "Tomorrow, it is said Sergeant Richardson shall be Lord Chief Justice
+    of the Common Pleas, and Sir John Davis nominated to the King's Bench,
+    because he hath written a book in defence of the legality of this new
+    Loan."
+
+In another letter of the 9th December, 1626, it is stated:
+
+    "I heard last night that Sergeant Davis, who it is said looked to be
+    Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in place of Sir Randal Crew,
+    was found dead in his bed."
+
+And, again, in a letter from the Rev. Josiah Mead to Sir Martin Stuteville,
+of the 16th Dec., 1626:
+
+    "This of the death of Sir John Davis, for aught I {337} can hear, holds
+    true. It is added, that he was at supper with my Lord Keeper that
+    evening before I was told by him that he should be Lord Chief Justice
+    of the King's Bench; but he lived not to see the morning. My Lord of
+    Huntingdon rode up, upon this news, for he is his heir."
+
+Ferdinando Lord Hastings, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, married
+Lucy, daughter and heiress of Sir John Davis, and in 1613 succeeded his
+father as Earl of Huntingdon.
+
+Sir John Davis married Lady Eleanor, only daughter of the Earl of
+Castlehaven, and sister of the infamous Earl. She remarried Sir Archibald
+Douglas, and died in 1652. She was the lady of the anagram celebrity,
+"Reveal, oh, Daniel," and "Never so mad a lady." There is no doubt that she
+and her brother were as mad as could well be.
+
+In a letter from Mr. Edward Rossingham to Sir Thomas Puckering, dated 4th
+January, 1636, it is stated:
+
+    "Sunday before Christmas the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter of Lichfield
+    sent up a complaint against the Lady Eleanor Davis. It seems the
+    cathedral church in Lichfield is lately very beautifully set out with
+    hangings of arras behind the altar, the Communion table handsomely
+    railed in, and the table itself set out in the best manner, and the
+    Bishop's seat fairly built. This Lady came one Communion day, in the
+    morning, with a kettle in one hand and a brush in the other, to
+    sprinkle some of her holy water (as she called that in the kettle) upon
+    these hangings and the Bishop's seat, which was only a composition of
+    tar, pitch, sink-puddle water, &c., and such kind of nasty ingredients,
+    which she did sprinkle upon the aforesaid things. This being the act of
+    a mad woman, the Lords, to prevent further mischief, have given out two
+    warrants, the one to bring the Lady to Bethlehem, the other to the
+    keeper of Bethlehem to receive her. There are messengers gone into
+    Staffordshire to bring her up."
+
+It appeared afterwards she was so poor, that it became a question at the
+Council who should maintain her. She seems to have been wholly neglected by
+her second husband.
+
+Sir John Davis and his lady are buried in the church of St. Martin's in the
+Fields, and the following are their epitaphs, from Strype's _Stow_, book
+vi. p. 72.:
+
+    "D. O. M. S. Johannes Davys, Equestris ordinis quondam Attornati Regis
+    Generalis amplissima Provincia in regno Hib. functus. Inde in Patriam
+    revocatus inter Servientes Domini Regis ad Legem primum locum
+    sustinuit. Ob. 1626."
+
+    "Acc[=u]bat dignissimo marito incomparabilis Uxor, &c., 1652."
+
+    "_Note._--She was the Lady Eleanora, the only daughter of the Earl of
+    Castlehaven, Baron Audley."
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham, April 15. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LOCKE MSS.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 413.)
+
+In reference to an inquiry after MSS. relating to Locke, I enclose
+particulars of a small 4to. MS. volume in my possession.
+
+THOMAS KERSLAKE.
+
+    "_MANUSCRIPT._--LOCKE'S (John, _an Attorney living at Publow, and
+    father of the illustrious Metaphysician of the same name_) Common-Place
+    Book, containing Matters (relating to the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton,
+    Kainsham, Brewton, Catsashe, Norton Ferris, Horethorne, Froome,
+    Wellowe, Whitstone, Wells Forum, Portbury, Bathe Forum, Winterstoke,
+    Bempstone, Kilmersdon, Brent, Hartliffe and Bedminster, Hampton and
+    Claverton, and Phillips Norton Liberties, Glaston, Queene Camell, &c.)
+    of daily use to him as Court Keeper to Col. Alex. Popham, a Magistrate
+    and Leader of Parliamentary Forces in Somersetsh., _variously dated
+    from 1629 to 1655, all in the handwriting of the elder John
+    Locke_,--also many entries by other hands of other matters, in the
+    remaining leaves of the same volume, many of which are probably in the
+    handwriting of the afterwards distinguished younger John Locke, _4to.
+    original vellum wrapper, 12l. 12s._
+
+    Contains:--
+
+    Entries of Bailments and Bindings over of Prosecutors in cases of
+    Felony which occurred in the neighbourhood of Pensford, for the Assizes
+    at Bath, Taunton, Bridgewater, and Wells, 1630-31.
+
+    Appointment at Bathe of Overseers of Woollen Cloth, 1631, for Chew,
+    Dundry, Chewstoke, Ubley, Mids. Norton, Kainsham, Publow, Kelston,
+    Mounton Coombe, Bathford, Bathwicke, Freshford, Weston, Froome, Rode,
+    Beckington, Lullington, Berkley, Chew, Mells, and Leigh, Colsford,
+    Hampton et Claverton, Batheaston, Charterhouse Hinton, with the names
+    of the Overseers.
+
+    Scotch Postures (Humorous).
+
+    Names of the Tithings in the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham.
+
+    Abp. Usher on the Liturgie and Episcopall Government, 1640.
+
+    The Sums of the Payment of each Tithing of the above hundreds of the
+    1st of 15th and 10th of the Subsidy of 3-15ths and 10ths to K. James,
+    to declare war against Spain, 1623-4.
+
+    The Yearlie Proportion of the Severall Hundreds of the Easterne
+    Division of the Countie towarde the releife of the Hospitall,
+    1632.--Ditto, Westerne Division.
+
+    The Yearlie Rate for the Maymed Soldiers of every Hundred and Libertie
+    within this County of Somerset.
+
+    The Rate of Kainsham Hundred, with the amount of each Parish.
+
+    A Rate devised at Hinton in 1601, for the raising of 100 men for
+    Ireland, with consent of the Bath Magistrates, and their names.
+
+    The number and proportion of Shipping within Englande and Wales, to be
+    made readie against Mar. 1, 1635.
+
+    Hundred of Kainsham, Quarterlie Payment of each tithing to the
+    Hospitalls and Maymed Soldiers.
+
+    A Rate made at Pensford 23rd Sept., 1635, for the raising of 160l.
+    {338}
+
+    The Assizes holden at Bathe, 24th July, 1637, before the Right Honble.
+    S. Fynch,--the Names of the Justices (among whom are John Stowell,
+    Ralph Hopton, John Horner, Rob. Hopton, John Harington, &c.), and the
+    Names of the Grand Jury.
+
+    Subsidie 17th Charles:--A Particular how each Tithing within the
+    Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham stands chardged, for the
+    Reliefe of his Maties Army and the Northerne parte of the Kingdom,
+    Thomas Hunt of Dundry, Collector.
+
+    The Protestation by Order of Parliament, 5^o Maij, 1641,--with Jo.
+    Locke's acceptance of the Protestation in the Parish Church of Publoe,
+    3rd Apr., 1642.
+
+    Kainsham:--The "Purblinde, Partiall, and Innovated Rate" of this Hund.,
+    24th Sept., 1649.
+
+    Kainsham Hund.--A Rate for Ship-money--with the Particulars of every
+    Tithing, Parish, and Particular Person chardged--contains the name of
+    every rateable person in the parishes of Burnet, Preston, Stanton Drew,
+    Stanton Prior, Salford, Publoe, Marksbury, Chelworth, Shrubwell,
+    Belluton, Compton Dando, Farmborrow, Chewton, Whitchurch, Charlton,
+    Brislington, and Kainsham, with the amount of this celebrated tax
+    assessed to each person.
+
+    The Names of the Lords Lieutenants nominated by the Howse of Comons,
+    1641.
+
+    The Muster Roll of the Collonell Sir Rawfe Hopton, Knight, his Band of
+    200 foote Soldiers, within the Eastern Division, and Regiment of the
+    Countie of Somerset.--Bathe, xxi^o xxij^{do} Maij, 1639.--(Contains, a
+    List of the Officers, "William Tynte," &c.--a list of bearers of Pikes,
+    with the Names of the Soldiers and of the gentlemen or tithings for
+    whom they serve,--also a similar list of the bearers of "Shott.")
+
+    A list of Parishes in the Deaneries of Froome and Bedminster, with the
+    name of the Clergyman of each, the arms supplied by him, and the Names
+    of the men who bore them.
+
+    A Rate for raising �41-00-03 per mensem, in the hund. of Kainsham, for
+    Generall Fairfax Army, 1648.
+
+    Several Papers relating to Differences concerning Rates between the In
+    Hundred and Out Hundred of Kainsham.
+
+    Particulars and Value of Feer's Tenement, in Belluton, now in the
+    possession of Henry Stickland, given in by him this day, 24 Dec., 1655.
+
+    Rente to my Landlord, Coll. Alex. Popham, out of the 3 Tenements I hold
+    in Publoe, and the Lives thereon at the time of their obtaining, 1650.
+
+    A Receipt for his Rente at Publoe, 3. 8bris & 11 Dec., 1638.
+
+    _The above are in the handwriting of Jo. Locke, the elder; in another
+    hand, on blank covers, left by the former, are_--Propositions on
+
+      Philosophy:--Phisicke, Ethike, and Dialectike.
+      De Providentia Dei et ad genus.
+      De Pr�destinatione.
+      Propositiones Catholic�.
+
+    N.B. One of the later chapters of the Essay on the Human Understanding
+    is treated under propositions nearly identical with the leaf of the MS.
+    which is described in the preceding four lines.
+
+      Copia Actus locationis Mens� Dominic� in Ecclesia S. Gregorij
+          Civitatis London.
+      Character of Drunkenness (_Rhyme_), &c. &c.
+
+    At the end, in several hands, are various receipts: one in the elder
+    Locke's handwriting, 'The Weapon Salve, and the use thereof, as it was
+    sent unto mee as a most excellent and rare secret from my Cosin
+    Alderman John Locke[5], of Bristoll, in his Letter, dat. 5^o Apr.
+    1650,'--also 'To make Shineing Inke', signed 'J L: Ox:'
+
+    On the last leaf is a record of the Births, Marriages and Deaths of the
+    Locke Family, from 1603 to 1624, including that of John Locke, the
+    father, 29 April, 1606."
+
+[Footnote 5: High Sheriff of Bristol in 1626, and the Mayor of Bristol in
+1641 who refused admittance to the royal forces. See Barrett and Seyer.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Defoe's Anticipations_ (Vol. iii., p. 287.).--Defoe had probably seen the
+English translation, or rather abridgment, of Father Dos Santos's _Ethiopia
+Oriental_, in Purchas's _Pilgrimes_ (vol. ii. 1544, fol. ed.), in which
+some hints are given of the great lake (nyassi, _i. e._ sea) Maravi, which
+lies nearly parallel with the eastern coast, and was known to D'Anville, in
+whose map _Massi_ is misengraved for Niassi. A very careful examination of
+the Portuguese expeditions across the continent of Africa has been given by
+Mr. Cooley, in the _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_ (vol. xv. p.
+185.; xvi. p. 138.), and he has ascertained, approximately, the extent and
+position of that great lake, which, from distrust of D'Anville, one of the
+most exact geographers, had been expunged from all modern maps. It is
+considerably to the N. and E. of the Nyami lately determined, and of much
+greater extent.
+
+ANATOL.
+
+_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery_ (Vol. iii., p. 242.).--The work entitled
+_Discovery of a New World, or a Description of the South Indies, hitherto
+unknown, by an English Mercury, imprinted by E. Blount_, no date, 12mo., is
+not, as our correspondent supposes, very rare, nor is it by Bishop Hall. It
+is a free translation, or rather paraphrase, and an excellent one in its
+way, by John Healey, of Bishop Hall's very entertaining _Mundus Alter et
+Idem_, first published in 12mo., Francof., without date, afterwards
+reprinted with Campanella's _Civitas Solis_ and Bacon's _Atlantis_ at
+Utrecht, 1643, 24mo., and subsequently included in the edition of Bishop
+Hall's works by Pratt, 10 vols., Lond., 1808, 8vo. The epitaph quoted is
+not a satire upon any statesman of the time. The writer is describing the
+Land of Changeableness, or, as it is called in the Latin original, "Variana
+vel Moronia Mobilis," and gives in the course of his description this
+epitaph on Andreas Vortunius (a vertendo), or, as he is styled in the
+English {339} translation, "Andrew Turncoate." The epitaph occurs in p.
+132. of the Latin edition of 1643, and is evidently, as indicated by the
+marginal notes, an imitation or parody of the famous one on �elia L�lia
+Crispis, which has exercised the ingenuity of so many writers, and of which
+our own countryman, Richard White, of Basingstoke, the historian, has given
+three different interpretations. See his _�lia L�lia Crispis, Epitaphium
+Antiquum quod in Agro Bononiensi adhuc videtur, a diversis interpretatum
+varie, novissime autem a Richardo Vito explicatum_, Padua, 1568, 4to. An
+article on this epitaph and its various interpreters, of whom I have
+collected about forty, might be made a very interesting one.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+    [We wish MR. CROSSLEY--than whom no one is more competent--would favour
+    us with such an article. The following communication from MR. FORBES is
+    only one of several we have received, showing that the interest in this
+    enigma is not abated.]
+
+_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery_ (Vol. iii., p. 242.).--When this epitaph is
+assigned to its right owner, it may perhaps throw some light on its
+twin-brother--the epitaph on "�lia L�lia Crispis"--"_about which many of
+the learned have puzzled their heads_." (See _Encyc. Brit._, article
+"�nigma.") I enclose a copy of this epitaph, which you can use or not, as
+you please. If you think that it might help to "unearth" Mister Andrew
+Turnecoate, you may perhaps like to lay it before your readers; if, on the
+other hand, that it would but increase the difficulty of the operation by
+distracting attention needlessly, you can hand it over to "the Editor's
+best friend"--the fire.
+
+        "D. M.
+
+     �lia L�lia Crispis,
+     Nec vir, nec mulier,
+        Nec androgyna
+    Nec puella, nec juvenis,
+          Nec anus;
+    Nec casta, nec meretrix,
+         Nec pudica;
+         Sed omnia;
+          Sublata
+   Neque fame, neque ferro,
+       Neque veneno;
+        Sed omnibus:
+    Nec coelo, nec terris,
+         Nec aquis,
+      Sed ubique jacet.
+    Lucius Agatho Priscius,
+    Nec maritus, nec amator,
+      Nec necessarius;
+  Neque moerens, neque gaudens,
+        Neque flens;
+           Hanc,
+    Nec molem, nec pyramidem,
+       Nec sepulchrum,
+         Sed omnia,
+    Scit et nescit, cui posuerit."
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+_Saint Thomas of Lancaster._--The following passage in Fuller's _Worthies_
+(of Yorkshire) does not seem to have been noticed by either of your
+correspondents who replied to MR. R. M. MILNES' Query in Vol. i., p. 181.:
+
+    "Thomas Plantagenet. Before I proceed, I must confess myself formerly
+    at a great loss to understand a passage in an honourable author,
+    speaking of the counterfeit reliques detected and destroyed at the
+    Reformation: 'The Bell of Saint Guthlac, and the _Felt_ of Saint Thomas
+    of Lancaster, both remedies for the headache.' (Vice Lord Herbert's
+    _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 431.) But I could recover no Saint _Thomas_
+    (saving him of _Canterbury_) in any English Martyrology, till since, on
+    enquiry, I find him to be this _Thomas Plantagenet_. He was Earl of
+    Derby, Lancaster, Leicester, and (in the right of Alice his wife) of
+    Lincoln. A popular person, and great enemy to the two Spencers, minions
+    to King Edward II, who being hated as devils for their pride, no wonder
+    if this Thomas was honored as a Saint and Martyr by the common sort.[6]
+    Indeed he must be a very good chymist who can extract _martyr_ out of
+    _malefactor_; and our chronicles generally behold him put to death for
+    treason against King Edward II. But let him pass for a saint in this
+    shire, though never solemnly canonised, it being true of such local
+    saints, what Servius Honoratus observeth of topical gods, '_ad alias
+    regiones nunquam transibant_,' they travelled not so far as to be
+    honored in other countries. His beheading, _alias_ his martyrdom,
+    happened at Pomfret A.D. 1322."
+
+It would appear from the foregoing extract that Thomas of Lancaster was
+never admitted into the Romish calendar of saints; though his memory was
+locally revered, especially for his opposition to the two Spencers, or
+Despensers, as they are called by Hume. This historian had no respect for
+"the turbulent Lancaster;" but the quaint old Fuller seems to have thought
+well of him.
+
+As a _bell-man_ I am more interested in the virtues of the bell of Saint
+Guthlac, than in the hat of Saint Thomas, and I take this opportunity of
+asking assistance from the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" towards a
+collection of curious anecdotes and information about bells, which I am
+endeavouring to make. Any contributions will be thankfully received by me.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+[Footnote 6: "_In sanctorum numerum retulit vulgus._--Camden's _Brit._ in
+Yorkshire. Amongst other profits received by the abbey of Leicester, in
+1348, from oblations at the church of St. Martin in that town, occurs, _pes
+Thom� Lancastri� respondebat, 6l. 10s._"--_History of Leicestershire_, vol.
+i. p. 591.]
+
+_Francis Moore_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--That such a personage really did
+exist there can be little doubt. Bromley (in _Engraved Portraits, &c._)
+gives 1657 as the date of his birth, and says that there was a portrait of
+him by Drapentier _ad vivum_. Lysons mentions him as one of the {340}
+remarkable men who, at different periods, resided at Lambeth, and says that
+his house was in Calcott's Alley, High Street, then called Back Lane, where
+he seems to have enlightened his generation in the threefold capacity of
+astrologer, physician, and schoolmaster.
+
+J. C. B.
+
+Lambeth.
+
+"_Tickhill, God help me_" (Vol. i., p. 247.; Vol. ii., p. 452.).--Although
+I am full late with my pendent, I am tempted to add the instance of "Kyme
+God Knows," well known to all explorers of the Fens. The adjunct, "God
+knows," is supposed to be part of the following verse:
+
+ "It's Kyme, God knows,
+  Where no corn grows,
+    And very little hay;
+  And if there come a wet time,
+    It _weshes_ all away."
+
+If I misquote, perhaps some Fen man will set me right.
+
+As to the "Lincoln-heath where should 'un?" instanced by your correspondent
+H. C. ST. CROIX, in the No. for April 27, 1850, it is quite unknown in this
+neighbourhood, and I believe must belong to some other locale.
+
+B.
+
+Lincoln.
+
+_Meaning of Tye_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--On or contiguous to the South
+Downs, in Sussex, there are several portions of land bearing this
+designation, as Berwick Tye, Alfriston Tye, Telscombe Tye, &c. They are all
+contiguous to the villages from which they derive their names. These lands
+were formerly held in common by the tenants of the respective manors, and I
+think the origin of the expression may be traced to the tethering or
+_tying_-up of cows, horses, &c., for the double purpose of preventing their
+straying, and of preserving the fences of the neighbouring tenements. I
+offer this conjecture with some diffidence, because the word is very often
+found in _composition_ with proper names of places, as Lavortye,
+Brambletye, Holtye, Puxtye, Ollantigh. The vulgar notion, that it means a
+space which originally measured ten acres, is, I think, untenable.
+
+M. A. LOWER.
+
+Lewes.
+
+_Dutch Church in Norwich_ (Vol. iii., p. 209.).--Some interesting details
+connected with the establishment of the Dutch Church in Norwich, as well as
+the first settlement of the Walloons in that city, will be found in
+Blomefield's _History of Norfolk_, vol. iii. p. 282. et seq., edit. 1806.
+
+J. Y.
+
+_The Dutch Church, Norwich._--Some account of this church may be seen in
+Burn's _History of the Foreign Refugees_, 1846. It is to be regretted,
+however, that the registers and acts of vestry are missing. The _seal_ of
+the church has lately been discovered.
+
+J. S. B.
+
+_Lost Manuscripts_ (Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261.)--In pursuance of MR.
+MACKENZIE'S suggestions respecting the search for lost manuscripts, permit
+me to ask, if all hope must be considered as given up of decyphering any
+more of those discovered at Herculaneum, or of resuming the excavations
+there, that have been so long discontinued? Perhaps the improved chemical
+processes of recent days might be found more successful in facilitating the
+unrolling of the MSS., than the means resorted to so long ago by Sir H.
+Davy. Can any of your correspondents state whether anything has been done
+lately with the Herculaneum MSS.?
+
+Eustace says that--
+
+    "As a very small part of Herculaneum has hitherto been explored, it is
+    highly probable that if a general excavation were made, ten times the
+    number of MSS. above mentioned (1800) might be discovered, and among
+    them, perhaps, or very probably, some of the first works of antiquity,
+    the loss of which has been so long lamented."--_Classical Tour_, vol.
+    i. 4to., p.585.
+
+J. M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_The Circulation of the Blood_ (Vol. iii., p.252.).--In a paraphrase on
+Ecclesiastes xii. 1-6., entitled, _King Solomon's Portraiture of Old Age_,
+by John Smith, M.D., London, 1676, 8vo., 1752, 12mo., the author attributes
+the discovery of the circulation of the blood to King Solomon. Mede also
+finds the same anticipation of science in "the pitcher broken at the
+fountain." Who was the first to suggest the transfusion of blood?
+
+T. J.
+
+_Alliteration_ (Vol. iii., p. 165.)--Your correspondent H. A. B., in
+quoting the seventh stanza from Phineas Fletcher's _Purple Island_,
+observes, that the second line,
+
+ "A life that lives by love, and loves by light,"
+
+is "noticeable" for its _alliteration_. But the best specimen that I have
+met with in English--after having read much verse, and published a volume,
+which my partial friends call poetry--will be found in Quarles' _Divine
+Emblems_, book ii. emblem ii. Beyond all question, Quarles was a poet that
+needed not "apt alliteration's artful aid" to add to the vigour of his
+verse, or lend liquidity to his lines. Quarles is often queer, quaint, and
+querulous, but never prolix, prosey, or puling.
+
+ "We sack, we ransack to the utmost sands
+  Of native kingdoms, and of foreign lands:
+  _We travel sea and soil; we pry, we prowl,_
+  _We progress, and we prog from pole to pole_."
+
+Verily, old Francis must have had a prophetic peep at the effects of _free
+trade_, and the growing greatness of Great Britain, in the gathering of the
+Nations under a huge GLASS CASE in Hyde Park, in the present year 1851!
+
+C. G.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+{341}
+
+_Vineyards in England_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--The Lincoln "Vine Closes" may
+as well be added to the rest. They were given to the church here by Henry
+I. See the charter, entitled _Carta Hen. I. de Vinea sua Linc._, in Dugdale
+(Caley's) vol. vi. p. 1272. Their site is a rather steep slope, facing the
+south, and immediately east of the city. The southern aspect of our hill
+was celebrated long ago by some poet, as quoted by H. Huntingdon:
+
+ "Urbs in colle sita est, et collis vergit ad austrum".
+
+N.B. One of the Abbey fields at Bullington, a few miles east of Lincoln, is
+known as the Hopyard. The plant has never been cultivated in these parts
+within memory, or the range of the faintest tradition, but the character of
+the soil is clayey, and perhaps not unsuitable. Were hopyards often
+attached to monasteries? The house at Bullington was of the order of
+Sempringham.
+
+B.
+
+Lincoln.
+
+_Countess of Desmond_ (Vol. iii., p. 250.).--If your correspondents on this
+subject should be wandering to the south-east of London, they may be
+interested in knowing that there are two very striking portraits of this
+lady in Kent, one at Knowle, near Seven Oaks; the other, which is the more
+remarkable picture of the two, at Bedgebury, near Cranbrook, the seat of
+Viscount Beresford.
+
+E. H. Y.
+
+_St. John's Bridge Fair_ (Vol. iii., pp. 88. 287.).--I cannot agree with
+the conjecture that this was Peterborough Bridge Fair. On the confines of
+Gloucestershire and Berkshire, at the distance of about 77 miles from
+London, near Lechlade, and on the road to Farringdon, is a St. John's
+Bridge, near which was a priory or hospital. It is at this place that the
+Thames first becomes navigable. (Leland's _Itinerary_, vol. ii. fo. 21, 22,
+23; vol. iv. fo. 48; Bowles's _Post Chaise Companion_, 1782, pl. 28;
+Lysons' _Berkshire_, vol. i. p. 193., and map of county prefixed;
+_Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_, vol. i. p. 320.; _Parliamentary
+Gazetteer_, art. "Lechlade.") Whether there is or ever was a fair at this
+place is more than I can state; but perhaps some of your correspondents
+dwelling in those parts can give information on this point.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, April 14. 1851.
+
+_Paring the Nails unlucky on Sundays_ (Vol. ii., p. 511.; Vol. iii, p.
+55.).--Compare Sir Thomas Browne's _Vulgar Errors_, lib. v. cap. xxi. � x.
+
+ACHE.
+
+_Errata in Braithwait's Latin Drinking-song_ (Vol. iii., p. 297.).--It is
+well for us that honest Barnaby is not alive to visit upon us the
+scandalous "negligences and ignorances" with which our transcript of his
+song abounds; and it is no excuse perhaps to say, that _the errors almost
+all of them exist in the MS. from whence the transcript was made_.
+Sensitive as he has shown himself "upon the errata's," _he_ would not have
+accepted the apology from us which he makes for himself. "Good reader, if
+this impression have errors in it, excuse it. _The copy was obscure_;
+neither was the _editor_, by reason of his distance, and employments of
+higher consequence, made acquainted with the publishing of it."
+
+ "His Patavinus _erravit prelis_,
+  Authorem suis lacerando telis."
+
+The following corrections, which are necessary to the sense, have been
+pointed out, and have no doubt been already silently made by many of our
+readers.
+
+            _Sic in MS._          _forsan._
+
+  Stanza 3. hoc _te_ amoenum      hoc amoenum
+            reparare              reperire
+
+  Stanza 4. m_e_mento             m_o_mento
+            gustabi_t_            gustabi_s_
+
+  Stanza 5. solv_e_t              solv_i_t
+            pot_i_s               pot_u_s
+
+  Stanza 6. friges_t_is           friges_c_is
+
+  Stanza 8. succed_a_nt           succed_u_nt
+
+             Omit the comma between _Domum_ and
+             _feram_, and disregard the erroneous
+             punctuation generally.
+
+There may be other errors; for, as it stands at present, the song is
+inferior to the other known productions of the pleasant author of the
+ITINERARIUM. We can only hope that its publication, in even this imperfect
+form, may lead to the discovery of a better text; and we must be content if
+the lines of the author are applied to our blunders:
+
+ "Delirans iste _Sapiens Gottam_,
+  Reddit _Coetum_ propter _Cotem_."
+          ------
+ "Quid si breves fiant longi?
+  Si vocales sint dipthongi?
+  Quid si graves sint acuti?
+  Si accentus fiant muti?
+  Quid si placid�, plen�, plan�,
+  FREGI FRONTEM PRISCIANI?
+
+  Quid si sedem muto sede?
+  Quid si carmen claudo pede?
+  Quid si noctem sensi diem?
+  Quid si veprem esse viam?
+  Sat est, Verbum declinavi,
+  Titubo--titubas--titubavi."
+
+In the last line of the extract from "Phyllis and Flora," _hinc_ is printed
+for _huic_; _inpares_, in the preceding line, is the correct reading for
+_impares_. "_Impar_ richtiger Inpar" (Scheller).
+
+S. W. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The publication of _The National Cyclop�dia of Useful Knowledge_ has just
+been completed by the issue of {342} the twelfth volume. We notice this
+useful condensation of _The Penny Cyclop�dia_ principally, however, for a
+feature which we hope to see more widely extended, namely, that of issuing
+it in a strong and handsome half-binding, at the moderate charge of one
+shilling per volume extra. The practice of publishing books in a bound form
+(more especially such books as are intended for very general circulation)
+is one which we have no doubt may be widely extended with great
+satisfaction to purchasers. It has, generally speaking, been, up to the
+present time, too closely confined to books of high price, adapted only to
+wealthy purchasers, whom the words "bound by Hayday," or "morocco extra,"
+with the necessary increase of price, charm, rather than discourage.
+
+There is perhaps no work to which, at the present moment,--when the World's
+Fair is about to commence, and we are sure to be visited by hundreds, or
+rather thousands, of our Gallic friends, with whom we shall be in daily and
+hourly conversation,--we can more appropriately call the attention of our
+readers than to the second division (_Partie Fran�aise-Anglaise_) of M.
+Tarver's _Dictionnaire Phras�ologique Royal_, in which we can assure them
+they will find the readiest solution of all those phraseological queries
+which may arise during their intercourse with our lively neighbours. A very
+cursory examination of its pages will serve to convince the inquirer of the
+great learning and patient industry of M. Tarver; and his interest in the
+work will not be diminished by the reflection that the name of its
+accomplished author will be found in the obituary of the present week.
+
+When noticing, a few weeks since, one of Captain Knox's interesting
+volumes, we spoke of the undying popularity of White's _Selborne_. A proof
+at once of this popularity, and a means of increasing it, will be found in
+a new edition of this delightful book just issued as one of the volumes of
+_Bohn's Illustrated Library_. It is entitled to its place in this series on
+account of forty admirable woodcuts by which it is illustrated; and to a
+place on the bookshelves of every Naturalist, for the sake of the
+additional notes of Sir W. Jardine, and its present editor, Mr. Jesse.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Tuesday and
+Wednesday next an exceedingly choice Collection of Autograph Letters,
+comprising numerous Letters of extraordinary rarity, selected principally
+from Upcott's Collection. We cannot attempt to particularise the many
+interesting lots which are to be found in the present collection, but
+recommend the Catalogue to attention for the satisfactory manner in which
+the different documents are arranged and described.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular (No. XXVIII.) of Books in all Languages; W. Pedder's
+(18. Holywell Street) Catalogue Part II. for 1851, of Books Ancient and
+Modern; R. Saywell's (138. High Holborn) Select Catalogue Part XXI. of
+Books in Theology, Classics, and General Literature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE
+
+BREVARIUM ROMANUM. Pars Verna. Antverpiae. Ex Typ. Plantinian�. 1700 or
+1714.
+
+NEW ENGLAND JUDGED NOT BY MAN'S, BUT THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD: AND THE SUMME
+SEALED UP OF NEW ENGLAND'S PERSECUTIONS. By GEORGE BISHOPE. Quarto, 1661.
+Wanted from page 150 to the end.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+J. S. S. (Leicester). THE CHAUCER MONUMENT. _It will require about 100l. to
+make a complete restoration. Not one-half that amount has yet been
+subscribed._
+
+X. Y. Z. _The custom of_ "Swearing on the Horns at Highgate" _is very ably
+treated by Hone_, Every-Day Book, vol. ii. p. 79 _et seq. It probably arose
+from the graziers who put up at the Gate-house on their way to Smithfield,
+and were accustomed, as a means of keeping strangers out of their company,
+to bring an ox to the door as a test: those who did not like to be sworn of
+their fraternity, and kiss its horns, not being deemed fit members of their
+society._
+
+W. R. M. _Will this correspondent favour us with another copy of his
+Queries, which were received and intended for insertion, but have
+apparently been omitted by some accident?_
+
+A. W. H. _Our correspondent will find that his Query had been anticipated
+in_ Vol. i., p. 336. _Its appearance then brought it a mass of Replies,
+mostly of a very unsatisfactory kind. We delayed repeating the Query until
+we could find leisure to condense those replies, so as to prevent our
+correspondents furnishing us with information already in our possession. We
+hope to do this next week._
+
+SING. _Bryan Waller Procter, Esq., one of the Commissioners of Lunacy._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Nettle in--San Graal--Duchess of Buckingham--Newburgh
+Hamilton--Ex Pede Herculeum--Knebsend--Derivation of Yankee--Passage in
+Virgil--Bacon and Fagan--Solid-hoofed Pigs--Under the Rose--Stick at
+Nothing--Ejusdem Farin�--Meaning of Rack--Meaning of Tye--The
+Tanthony--Dog's Head in the Pot--Baron Munchausen--Shakspeare's
+Seamanship--Criston--Bigod de Loges--God's Acre--Joseph Nicolson--Britt.
+Rex--Tradescant--Moore's Almanack--The Mistletoe--St John's Bridge
+Fair--Curious Fact in Natural History--Pursuits of Literature--Burton's
+Birthplace--Engelbert of Treves--God takes those soonest--Tandem D. O. M.
+&c.--Bartolomeo's Pictures--Herstmonceaux, &c._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LITERARY AGENCY.--MR. F. G. TOMLINS (Secretary to the Shakspeare Society,
+Author of a Brief View of the English Drama; a Variorum History of England;
+Garcia, a Tragedy; the Topic, the Self Educator, &c. &c.) is desirous to
+make it known that a Twenty Years' experience with the Press and
+Literature, as Author and Publisher, enables him to give advice and
+information to Authors, Publishers, and Persons wishing to communicate with
+the Public, either as to the Editing, Advertising, or Authorship of Books,
+Pamphlets, or Literary productions of any kind. Opinions obtained on
+Manuscripts previous to publication, and Works edited, written, or
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+
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+
+where works of reference for Literary Purposes may be obtained or referred
+to.
+
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+
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+
+Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------
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+|  Date   |   Sum    |                      | subsequently, to be |
+|   of    | Insured. |   Original Premium.  | further increased   |
+| Policy. |          |                      | annually.           |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
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+|  1811   |   1000   | 33 19  2    Ditto    |      231 17  8      |
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------
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+|  1174  |  1810 |   1200   | 1160  5 6 |        2360  5 6        |
+|  3392  |  1820 |   5000   | 3558 17 8 |        8558 17 8        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to the
+Agents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, at
+the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London.
+
+VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.
+
+Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting the
+policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as fully
+detailed in the prospectus.
+
+A. SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,
+
+Actuary and Secretary: Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration;
+being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c."
+Price 10s. 6d.
+
+London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS.--JUST PUBLISHED, A CATALOGUE of Three Thousand Volumes of RARE and
+CURIOUS BOOKS, containing Works on America, the Occult Sciences, Books of
+Prints, Fine Arts, Free-Masonry, Jest-Books and Drolleries, Hawking,
+Language, Popery, Proverbs, Faceti� and Miscellaneous Literature,--may be
+had on application, or by forwarding four penny stamps to G. BUMSTEAD, 205.
+High Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Highly Important Autograph Letters.--Two Days' Sale.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, April 29, and
+following Day, a very important Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, the
+Property of a Gentleman. The Collection includes an unusually complete
+series of English Royal Autographs, many being important Letters, from the
+time of Henry VII.; also Letters of Contemporary Foreign Sovereigns, with
+numerous rare and interesting Letters in other Classes. The whole in the
+finest preservation. Catalogues will be sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day is published,
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL CATALOGUE, comprising all the principal editions of the
+Greek and Latin Classics. Translations and Commentaries, with prices
+annexed; royal 8vo. half morocco, price 2s. 6d.--Allowed to Purchasers.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONDON PICTORIALLY and HISTORICALLY DESCRIBED. Edited by CHARLES KNIGHT. 6
+vols. in 3, royal 8vo. with upwards of one thousand engravings on wood,
+cloth gilt, 1l. 16s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bohn's Scientific Library for May.
+
+HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS; or Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe.
+Translated by E. C. OTTE. Vol. 3, with an Index. Price 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bohn's Classical Library for May.
+
+PLATO'S WORKS, translated by GEO. BURGESS, M.A. Vol. 4, containing
+Philebus, Charmides, Laches, The Two Alcibiades, and Ten other Dialogues.
+Price 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bohn's Standard Library for May.
+
+NEANDER'S FIRST PLANTING OF CHRISTIANITY. Translated by RYLAND. Post 8vo.
+Price 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary
+Remains.
+
+THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's Tavern, Great
+Queen Street, on Friday the 2nd of May, at Four o'Clock precisely; the LORD
+BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.
+
+WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.
+
+The following are the Publications of the Society for the year 1850-1.
+
+I. A SELECTION FROM THE WILLS Preserved in the Will Office at Bury St.
+Edmund's. Edited by SAMUEL TYMMS, Esq.
+
+II. WALTER MAPES "DE NUGIS CURIALIUM." A Treatise on the Political Affairs
+of his Time, written in 1181. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., M.A.
+
+III. SIR RICHARD GUYLFORDE'S PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND, A. D. 1506.
+Edited from a copy believed to be unique from the Press of Richard Pynson,
+by SIR HENRY ELLIS, K.H., Sec. S. A.
+
+The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due on the
+1st of May.
+
+Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed
+to the Secretary; or to Messrs. NICHOLS, No. 25. Parliament Street,
+Westminster, by whom the Subscriptions of all Members resident in London
+are received.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK BUYERS.--No. XIV. of T. D. THOMSON'S CATALOGUE of MISCELLANEOUS
+SECOND-HAND BOOKS, marked at very low Prices, is just published, and may be
+had Gratis and Postage Free.
+
+13. Upper King Street, Russell Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{344}
+
+BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED
+
+BY JOHN HENRY PARKER,
+
+OXFORD; and 377. STRAND, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAROCHIAL WORK. By the Rev. E. MONRO, M.A., Incumbent of Harrow Weald,
+Stanmore. A Second Edition of this valuable Work is nearly ready, and will,
+it is expected, be published in April.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SERMONS CHIEFLY ON THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MINISTERIAL OFFICE. By the
+Rev. E. MONRO. 8vo. 7s.
+
+Intended as a Companion to the above.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POET� SCENICI GR�CI. �schyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis, et Aristophanis Fabul�
+superstites et perditarum fragmenta. Editio secunda, ex nova recognitione
+GUIL. DINDORFII. Royal 8vo. cloth, 1l. 1s.; or bound by Hayday in calf
+extra for school prizes, 1l. 10s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE of the Middle Ages, with numerous Engravings from
+existing Remains, and Historical Illustrations from contemporary
+Manuscripts. By T. HUDSON TURNER, Esq. From the Conquest to the 13th
+Century. 1 Vol. 8vo. In a few days.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. PUSEY'S DEFENCE OF HIS OWN PRINCIPLES: A Letter to the Right Hon. and
+Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London in Explanation of some Statements
+contained in a Letter by the Rev. W. Dodsworth. Fifth and Cheaper Edition.
+18mo. pp. 196., 1s., or bound in cloth, 1s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. PUSEY'S REPLY TO SOME REMARKS OF MR. DODSWORTH'S ON THE ABOVE LETTER,
+8vo. 1s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts of the
+Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names; or whose Images are most
+frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medi�val Symbols;
+and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Foolscap 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HYMNI ECCLESI� e BREVIARIIS quibusdam et MISSALIBUS GALLICANIS, GERMANICIS,
+HISPANIS desumpti. Collegit et recensuit JOANNES M. NEALE, A.M., Collegii
+Sackvillensis custos. 18mo. 5s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC
+ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations,
+drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo., cloth, gilt
+tops. 2l. 8s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I.
+
+THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, from the Commencement of the French Revolution to
+the Battle of Waterloo. By ARCHIBALD ALISON, LL.D. Seventh Edition, in 20
+Vols. Crown Octavo, with a Copious INDEX, in cloth, price 6l.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+II.
+
+A LIBRARY EDITION, handsomely printed on superfine paper, in Demy Octavo,
+to range with the Standard Editions of the English Historians, in 14 Vols.
+including a Copious INDEX, and embellished with Portraits. Price 10l. 10s.
+
+A limited number are printed on thick paper, in Royal Octavo, with Proof
+Impressions of the Portraits, price 21l.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+III.
+
+ATLAS TO THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, Comprising 109 Maps and Plans of Countries,
+Sieges, and Battles, illustrative of ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE and of
+other Contemporary Histories; constructed and engraved by A. KEITH
+JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., Author of the "Physical Atlas," and of the "National
+Atlas." A New Edition.
+
+In CROWN QUARTO, uniform with the SEVENTH EDITION of Alison's History,
+bound in cloth, 2l. 12s. 6d. In DEMY QUARTO, to range with the "LIBRARY
+EDITION" and Early Editions of Alison's History in Demy Octavo, bound in
+cloth, 3l. 3s. In ROYAL QUARTO, to accompany the ROYAL OCTAVO "LIBRARY
+EDITION" of Alison's History, 4l. 4s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+IV.
+
+EPITOME OF ALISON'S EUROPE. For the Use of Schools and Young Persons. In
+One Volume, Post Octavo, price 7s. 6d. bound in cloth. ATLAS to the above,
+7s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+By the same Author.
+
+I.
+
+ESSAYS, POLITICAL, HISTORICAL, and MISCELLANEOUS. In Three Vols. Demy
+Octavo, uniform with the "Library Edition" of Alison's Europe. Price 2l.
+5s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+II.
+
+MILITARY LIFE of JOHN, DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. In Octavo, with Maps and Plans
+of Battles. Price 18s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+III.
+
+THE PRINCIPLES OF POPULATION, and their Connection with Human Happiness.
+Two Vols. Octavo, 30s.
+
+WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, Edinburgh and London. Sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 26. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 336, "From the Common Gaol in Burkdou" - original reads 'Burkdon',
+this corrected by the errata in issue 80 which adds that Burkdou is
+Bourdeaux.
+
+page 341, "Authorem suis lacerando telis." - original reads 'laurando',
+this corrected by the errata in issue 80.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 78, April
+26, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
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+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      Notes And Queries, Issue 78.
+    </title>
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+
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26898]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 313 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page313"></a>{313}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 78.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 26. 1851.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price, Sixpence.<br />Stamped Edition 7d.</b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>On the Proposed Record of Existing Monuments</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page313">313</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IV.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page315">315</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir Balthazar Gerbier,
+      by Dr. E.&nbsp;F. Rimbault</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page317">317</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare and Fletcher, by Samuel Hickson</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page318">318</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Illustrations of Tennyson</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page319">319</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Folk Lore:&mdash;Sacramental Wine&mdash;Cure of Disease by means
+      of Sheep</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page320">320</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Ancient Inedited Ballads, No. IV., by K. R. H. Mackenzie</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page320">320</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Poetical Coincidences, &amp;c., by T. C. Smith</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page320">320</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Republic of San Marino, by Sydney Smirke</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page321">321</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>St. Francis</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page321">321</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Notes:&mdash;Charles Lamb's Epitaph&mdash;M. or N.
+      &mdash;Henry VIII. and Sir T. Curwen&mdash;Periodical Literature,
+      1707&mdash;Archbishop Sancroft&mdash;Sir Henry Slingsby&mdash;Origin
+      of a Surname&mdash;Madden's Reflections</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page322">322</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Bellman, and his History</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page324">324</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Was Sallustius a Lecturer?&mdash;Connexion between Sallustius and
+      Tacitus, by K.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;H. Mackenzie</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page325">325</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Outer Temple, by Edward Foss</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page325">325</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Bibliographical Queries</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page326">326</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Dutch Books published out of the Netherlands</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page326">326</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>What was the Country of the Angles?</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page326">326</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;Villenage&mdash;Roman Roads near
+      London&mdash;Mrs. Catherine Barton&mdash;Sempecta at Croyland
+      &mdash;Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis&mdash;Roman
+      Medicine-stamps&mdash;Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the Royal
+      Navy&mdash;Wooden Baldrocks&mdash;Thanksgiving-book &mdash;History of
+      the Jesuits&mdash;Mind your P's and Q's &mdash;Mode of hiring
+      Domestic Servants in Holderness
+      &mdash;Sittings&mdash;Fest&mdash;Home-made Wines&mdash;Inscription on
+      a Clock&mdash;Inscription of the Tomb of Peter the Hermit&mdash;Wife
+      of James Torre&mdash;"The Bear's Bible"&mdash;Harris, Painter in
+      Water-Colours&mdash;University Hoods&mdash;"Nullis Fraus tuta
+      latebris"&mdash;Voltaire, where situated?&mdash;Table of Prohibited
+      Degrees &mdash;Launcelot Littleton&mdash;The Antediluvians</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page327">327</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries Answered</span>:&mdash;Wither's
+      Halelujah&mdash;Voltaire's Henriade&mdash;Christ-Cross
+      A.&mdash;Apple-pie Order&mdash;Spick and Span new&mdash;Theory of the
+      Earth's Form&mdash;Carolus Lawson</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page330">330</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Haybands in Seals, by J. Burtt, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page331">331</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>North Side of Churchyards, by Rev. W. H. Kelke, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page332">332</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Rolliad, and some of its Writers, by J. H. Markland,
+      &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page333">333</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page335">335</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Snail-eating</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Sir John Davies, Davis, or Davys, by W. H. Lammin</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page336">336</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Locke MSS., by Thomas Kerslake</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page337">337</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Defoe's
+      Anticipations&mdash;Epitaph in Hall's Discoveries&mdash;Saint Thomas
+      of Lancaster&mdash;Francis Moore, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page338">338</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page341">341</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page342">342</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>ON THE PROPOSED SUGGESTIONS FOR PRESERVING A
+RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>The following communications have reached us since the publication of
+  our remarks on the proposed <span class="sc">Monumentarium
+  Anglicanum</span> (No. 73. p. 217. et seq.). They serve to show how much
+  interest the subject has excited among those best qualified to judge of
+  the great utility of some well-organised plan for the preservation of a
+  record of our still existing monuments.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dunkin's</span> letter (which was accompanied by
+  a copy of the prospectus issued by him in 1844) claims precedence, as
+  showing the steps which <i>that</i> gentleman has already taken. It is a
+  communication highly creditable to his exertions in the cause, but does
+  not alter our views as to the practicability of any successful attempt to
+  accomplish this object by individual exertion.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In No. 73. Vol. iii. of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>"
+  you have honoured me by an allusion to the <i>Monumenta Anglicana</i> I
+  have in the press, as "a plan which would have your hearty concurrence
+  and recommendation, if it were at all practicable; but which must fail
+  from its very vastness." It may be so; but the motto of my family is
+  <i>Essayez</i>. Every "gigantic scheme" must have a commencement, and
+  this "scheme," I am perfectly aware, is one "that no individual, however
+  varied in attainments and abilities, could without assistance hope to
+  achieve." My father, upwards of half a century since, commenced
+  collecting mortuary memorials; many of the monuments from which he copied
+  the inscriptions have since been destroyed by time, and many, very many,
+  more by the ruthless innovations of beautifying churchwardens. These
+  "very vast" collections&mdash;the labour of a life&mdash;however, only
+  form a portion of the materials I now posses; for since I issued my
+  prospectus in 1844, I have received many thousands of inscriptions and
+  rubbings of brasses from clergymen and others; and I trust I shall be
+  favoured with still further assistance, as in all cases where information
+  is rendered, the source whence derived shall be most thankfully and
+  freely acknowledged. <!-- Page 314 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page314"></a>{314}</span></p>
+
+  <p>The plan I have adopted with regard to arrangement is to folio each
+  page three times, viz., i. each parish by itself; ii. each county; iii.
+  alphabetically; so that each parish can be considered complete in itself;
+  each county can be bound up by itself; or the whole alphabetically,
+  gazetteer-wise.</p>
+
+  <p>The index will be also in three divisions,&mdash;i. general; ii. names
+  of places; iii. names of persons.</p>
+
+  <p>With regard to the number of volumes,&mdash;I need not say that that
+  is entirely <i>in nubibus</i>. My impression is limited to seventy-five
+  copies, the same as my father's <i>Oxfordshire</i>, with which it
+  corresponds in size.</p>
+
+  <p>I should have preferred seeing the government performing the task of
+  preserving manuscripts of all existing monuments; but it is the fashion
+  in Britain for government to leave all apparently national undertakings
+  to individual exertion. I will here conclude with a quotation from the
+  report I have just published of the Transactions at the Congress of the
+  British Arch�ological Association held in Worcester:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Lamentation is, however, worse than useless: the spirit of the age
+  forbids all idle mourning. If we would awaken a sympathy and interest in
+  our pursuits, we must gird up our loins like men, and be doing, and that
+  right earnestly; for it is hopeless any longer waiting for the
+  government, as a 'Deus ex machina,' to help us to rescue our antiquities
+  from destruction."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred John Dunkin</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>Our next is from a correspondent (who has favoured us with his name)
+  who proposes a scheme almost more extensive than that advocated by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Dunkin</span>, but who differs from that gentleman by
+  recognising the necessity of combined endeavour to carry it out.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>A few years since I propounded a scheme for an <i>Ecclesiologicon
+  Anglicanum</i>, or record of the history, not only architectural and
+  monumental, but also local and traditional, of every parish in England.
+  Though I had long conceived such a design, I must confess myself indebted
+  to some excellent remarks on the subject which appeared in the
+  <i>Ecclesiologist</i> (New Series, No. x., April 1846). Fully aware that
+  so stupendous a work could never be accomplished by any single
+  individual, I compiled a prospectus of my design, and invited the
+  co-operation of all antiquaries. I proposed to publish at intervals, and
+  in alphabetical order, the parishes of every county, and by dividing the
+  labour among different coadjutors, and giving to each a separate branch
+  of inquiry, thereby insuring, by successive revisions, a certainty of
+  correctness, I hoped to succeed in the undertaking. My project was,
+  however, laid aside by reason of other engagements; but, as I still think
+  it worthy of consideration, I have troubled you with these "Notes" in the
+  hope that, by publication in your pages, they may be the means of
+  suggesting to others interested in the matter the practicability of
+  carrying them out. Though with no definite object in view, but with a
+  presentiment of their after utility, I have, during many provincial
+  campaigns, collected architectural notes, as well as genealogical
+  memoranda, from the churches I have visited. To these, such as they are,
+  any of your readers is welcome, for the purposes to which I have
+  referred, and I know many who would gladly send their contributions to
+  such an undertaking.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. J. D. R.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>Our next letter, though brief, is valuable as furnishing a case in
+  point, to prove the practical utility which would result from the
+  realisation of some well-considered scheme for the attainment of the
+  great national object which we are advocating.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>As an instance of the practical use of such a collection, let me
+  inform your readers that in 1847, being engaged in an ejectment case on
+  the home circuit, it became most important to show the identity of a
+  young lady in the pedigree, the parish register of St. Christopher le
+  Stocks only giving the name and date of burial. I found that when St.
+  Christopher's was pulled down for the enlargement of the Bank of England,
+  some kind antiquary had copied all the monuments. The book was found at
+  the Herald's College; it contained an inscription proving the identity,
+  and a verdict was obtained.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. S. B.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Our last communication is, we have reason to believe, from an active
+  and zealous Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, who would heartily
+  co-operate in carrying out the practical suggestions thrown out in his
+  letter.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In Vol. iii, p. 218., you suggest that the Society of Antiquaries is
+  the body which should undertake the task of forming a record of existing
+  monuments in churches. Entirely agreeing in the opinion you have
+  expressed, I would venture to offer some remarks on the subject. The
+  undertaking is a vast and laborious one, and can only be effected by
+  great subdivision of labour.</p>
+
+  <p>That the Society of Antiquaries is the fittest agent for the work, I
+  think admits of little doubt; its Fellows are widely spread throughout
+  the country. In every neighbourhood may be found one or more gentlemen
+  able and willing to give their aid, and to excite others to assist. The
+  Arch�ological Institute and the British Arch�ological Association would
+  doubtless add the weight of their influence, and the personal assistance
+  of their members.</p>
+
+  <p>The clergy throughout the country would be able and willing labourers;
+  and surely these conjoined forces are adequate to the occasion.</p>
+
+  <p>One consideration suggests itself, viz., whether <!-- Page 315
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page315"></a>{315}</span>the record be
+  confined to monuments in churches, or whether it should be extended to
+  those in churchyards? I think it should be so extended,
+  partially&mdash;that is, that <i>all</i> the monuments in churches should
+  be given; and such of the monuments in churchyards as, upon a careful
+  inspection, may appear to be in any way worthy of preservation. We do not
+  perhaps want the ten thousand "afflictions sore" which ten thousand John
+  Smiths are stated to have "long time bore."</p>
+
+  <p>The inscriptions in churches should be accompanied with rubbings of
+  all brasses; and, as far as possible, with drawings of the most
+  interesting monuments.</p>
+
+  <p>I am satisfied the thing can be done, if it be undertaken with
+  prudence, and continued with energy. The copies should be certified by
+  the signature of the person making them, and they should all be
+  transcribed on paper of the same description, so that they might be bound
+  in volumes.</p>
+
+  <p>The expense would probably be considerable, because in some instances
+  paid labour might be requisite; but it would be as nothing compared with
+  the magnitude and importance of the result; and if, as is probable, the
+  Society of Antiquaries might hesitate at undertaking the whole charge, I
+  doubt not that many would contribute towards it, and amongst them</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Q. D.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>A very slight consideration of the object which it is proposed to
+  accomplish, and the means by which it can be attained, will show that it
+  falls properly into three distinct operations, namely, Collection,
+  Preservation, and Publication.</p>
+
+  <p>The first and most important is, the Collection of Materials. In this,
+  it is obvious, the co-operation of individuals well qualified for the
+  work may be secured in all parts of the country, provided some
+  well-defined plan of operation is furnished for their guidance, by some
+  recognised centre of union. A Committee of the Society of Antiquaries,
+  who should well consider and determine upon some uniform plan of
+  recording the inscriptions, &amp;c., is clearly the body who, from their
+  position, could most effectually, and with the greatest propriety, issue
+  such circulars. That the Antiquaries would in this receive the support of
+  both the Arch�ological Societies, there cannot, of course, be any
+  doubt.</p>
+
+  <p>And as we have in the Society of Antiquaries a machinery already
+  established for the proper collection of the materials, so we have an
+  existing and most appropriate place for their preservation in the British
+  Museum, where they may be consulted at all times, by all parties, with
+  the greatest facility, and free of charge.</p>
+
+  <p>These two great points, then, of Collection and Preservation, it is
+  clear may be attained at an expense so inconsiderable, compared with the
+  benefits to be gained from their accomplishment, that we cannot believe
+  in their failure from want of funds.</p>
+
+  <p>For the accomplishment of the third great end, that of Publication,
+  there is no existing machinery. But let the work of collection and
+  preservation be once fairly entered upon&mdash;let it be seen how
+  valuable a collection of materials has been gathered ready to the hand of
+  a Society which should undertake its publication, and there need be
+  little fear that from the supporters of the various Antiquarian,
+  Arch�ological, and Publishing Societies, now spread throughout the
+  country, there would be found plenty of good men and true ready to lend
+  their aid to the printings and publishing of the <span
+  class="sc">Monumentarium Anglicanum</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>But as the first step is <span class="sc">Collection</span>&mdash;and
+  that step is the one in which the <span class="sc">Society of
+  Antiquaries</span> can best move, we trust that the present year, in
+  which this Society celebrates the centenary of its chartered existence,
+  will be signalised by its promotion of such a Record of Existing
+  Monuments as is here proposed; which cannot be otherwise
+  regarded&mdash;(and we use the words of the Society's Charter)&mdash;than
+  as "good, useful, honest, and necessary for the encouragement,
+  advancement, and furtherance of the study and knowledge of Antiquities
+  and the History of this Country."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes</h2>
+
+<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IV.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>The Pilgrimage to Canterbury.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Whanne that April with his shoures sote</p>
+      <p>The droughte of March hath perced to the rote,</p>
+      <p>And bathed every veine in swiche licour</p>
+      <p>Of which vertue engendred is the flour;</p>
+      <p>When Zephyrus eke with his sote brethe</p>
+      <p>Enspired hath in every holt and hethe</p>
+      <p>The tendre croppes&mdash;and the yonge Sonne</p>
+      <p>Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne;</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p>Than longen folk to gon on pilgrimages&mdash;</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p>Befelle, that in that seson, on a day."&mdash;<i>Prologue.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I quote these lines because I wish to show that Tyrwhitt, in taking
+  them as indicative of the very day on which the journey to Canterbury was
+  performed, committed a great mistake.</p>
+
+  <p>The whole of the opening of the prologue, down to the line last
+  quoted, is descriptive, not of any particular day, but of the usual
+  season of pilgrimages; and Chaucer himself plainly declares, by the words
+  "in <i>that</i> seson, on <i>a</i> day"&mdash;that the day is <i>as
+  yet</i> indefinite. <!-- Page 316 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page316"></a>{316}</span></p>
+
+  <p>But because Tyrwhitt, who, although an excellent literary critic, was
+  by no means an acute reader of his author's meaning, was incapable of
+  appreciating the admirable combination of physical facts by which Chaucer
+  has not only identified the real day of the pilgrimage, but has placed
+  it, as it were, beyond the danger of alteration by any possible
+  corruption in the text, he set aside these physical facts altogether, and
+  took in lieu of them the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue quoted
+  above, which, I contend, Chaucer did not intend to bear any reference to
+  the day of the journey itself, but only to the general season in which it
+  was undertaken.</p>
+
+  <p>But Tyrwhitt, having seized upon a favourite idea, seems to have been
+  determined to carry it through, at any cost, even at that of altering the
+  text from "<i>the Ram</i>" into "<i>the Bull</i>:" and I fear that he can
+  scarcely be acquitted of unfair and intentional misquotation of Chaucer's
+  words, by transposing "his halfe cours" into "half his course," which is
+  by no means an equivalent expression. Here are his own words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"When he (Chaucer) tells us that 'the shoures of April had <i>perced
+  to the rote</i> the drought of March' (ver. 1, 2.), we must suppose, in
+  order to allow due time for such an operation, that April was far
+  advanced; while, on the other hand, the place of the sun, 'having just
+  run <i>half his course in the Ram</i>' (ver. 7, 8.), restrains us to some
+  day in the very latter end of March. This difficulty may, and, I think,
+  should, be removed by reading in ver. 8. the <span
+  class="sc">Bull</span>, instead of the <span class="sc">Ram</span>. All
+  the parts of the description will then be consistent with themselves, and
+  with another passage (ver. 4425.), where, in the best MSS., the <i>eighte
+  and twenty</i> day of April is named as the day of the journey to
+  Canterbury."&mdash;<i>Introductory Discourse.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Accordingly, Mr. Tyrwhitt did not hesitate to adopt in his text the
+  twenty-eighth of April as the true date, without stopping to examine
+  whether that day would, or would not, be consistent with the subsequent
+  phenomena related by Chaucer.</p>
+
+  <p>Notwithstanding Tyrwhitt's assertion of a difficulty only removable by
+  changing the Ram into the Bull, there are no less than two ways of
+  understanding the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue so as to be
+  perfectly in accordance with the rest of the description. One of these
+  would be to suppose the sign Aries divided into two portions (not
+  necessarily <i>equal</i> in the phraseology of the time), one of which
+  would appertain to March, anal the other to April&mdash;and that Chaucer,
+  by the "halfe cours yronne," meant the <i>last</i>, or <i>the April</i>,
+  half of the sign Aries. But I think a more probable supposition still
+  would be to imagine the month of April, of which Chaucer was speaking, to
+  be divided into two "halfe cours," in one of which the sun would be in
+  Aries, and in the other in Taurus; and that when Chaucer says that "the
+  yonge Sonne had in the Ram his halfe cours yronne," he meant that the
+  <i>Aries half of the month of April</i> had been run through, thereby
+  indicating <i>in general terms</i> some time approaching to the middle of
+  April.</p>
+
+  <p>Both methods of explaining the phrase lead eventually to the same
+  result, which is also identical with the interpretation of Chaucer's own
+  contemporaries, as appears in its imitation by Lydgate in the opening of
+  his "Story of Thebes:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Whan bright Phebus passed was the Ram,</p>
+      <p>Midde of Aprill, and into the Bull came."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And it is by no means the least remarkable instance of want of
+  perception in Tyrwhitt, that he actually cites these two lines of
+  Lydgate's <i>as corroborative of his own interpretation</i>, which places
+  the sun <i>in the middle of Taurus</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>I enter into this explanation, not that I think it necessary to
+  examine too curiously into the consistency of an expression which
+  evidently was intended only in a general sense, but that the
+  groundlessness of Tyrwhitt's alleged necessity for the alteration of "the
+  Ram" into "the Bull" might more clearly appear.</p>
+
+  <p>I have said that Tyrwhitt was not a competent critic of Chaucer's
+  practical science, and I may perhaps be expected to point out some other
+  instance of his failure in that respect than is afforded by the subject
+  itself. This I may do by reference to a passage in "The Marchante's
+  Tale," which evinces a remarkable want of perception not only in
+  Tyrwhitt, but in all the editors of Chaucer that I have had an
+  opportunity of consulting.</p>
+
+  <p>The morning of the garden scene is said in the text to be "er that
+  dayes eight were passed of the month of <i>Juil</i>"&mdash;but, a little
+  further on, the same day is thus described:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Bright was the day and blew the firmament,</p>
+      <p>Phebus of gold his stremes doun hath sent</p>
+      <p>To gladen every flour with his warmnesse;</p>
+      <p>He was that time in Geminis, I gesse,</p>
+      <p>But litel fro his declination</p>
+      <p>In Cancer."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>How is it possible that any person could read these lines and not be
+  struck at once with the fact that they refer to the 8th of <i>June</i>
+  and not to the 8th of <i>July</i>? The sun would leave Gemini and enter
+  Cancer on the 12th of June; Chaucer was describing the 8th, and with his
+  usual accuracy he places the sun "but litel fro" <i>the summer
+  solstice</i>!</p>
+
+  <p>Since "Juil" is an error common perhaps to all previous editions,
+  Tyrwhitt might have been excused for repeating it, if he had been
+  satisfied with only that: but he must signalise <i>his edition</i> by
+  inserting in the Glossary attached to it&mdash;"<span
+  class="sc">Juil</span>, <i>the month of July</i>," referring, as the sole
+  <!-- Page 317 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page317"></a>{317}</span>authority for the word, to this very line
+  in question of "The Marchante's Tale!"</p>
+
+  <p>Nor does the proof, against him in particular, end even there; he
+  further shows that his attention must have been especially drawn to this
+  garden scene by his assertion that Pluto and Proserpine were the
+  prototypes of Oberon and Titania; and yet he failed to notice a
+  circumstance that would have added some degree of plausibility to the
+  comparison, namely, that Chaucer's, as well as Shakspeare's, was a
+  <i>Midsummer Dream</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>It is, perhaps, only justice to Urry to state that <i>he</i> appears
+  to have been aware of the error that would arise from attributing such a
+  situation of the sun to the month of July. The manner in which the lines
+  are printed in <i>his</i> edition is this:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"ere the dayis eight</p>
+      <p>Were passid, er' the month July befill."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It is just possible to twist the meaning of this into <i>the eighth of
+  the Kalends of July</i>, by which the blunder would be in some degree
+  lessened; but such a reading would be as foreign to Chaucer's astronomy
+  as the lines themselves are to his poetry.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. E. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leeds, April 8. 1851.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE ACADEMIES OF SIR FRANCIS KYNASTON AND
+SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.</h3>
+
+  <p>Among the many interesting associations connected with old Covent
+  Garden and its neighbourhood, we ought not to overlook Sir Francis
+  Kynaston's "Museum Minerv�."</p>
+
+  <p>In the year 1635, King Charles the First granted his letters patent to
+  Sir Francis Kynaston, "Esquire of the body to his Majesty," whereby a
+  house in Covent Garden, which Sir Francis had purchased, and furnished
+  with books, manuscripts, musical and mathematical instruments, paintings,
+  statues, antiques, &amp;c., was appropriated for ever as a college for
+  the education of the young, nobility, and others, under the name of the
+  "Museum Minerv�." Sir Francis Kynaston was made the governor with the
+  title of "regent;" Edward May, Thomas Hunt, Nicholas Phiske, John
+  Spidell, Walter Salter, Michael Mason, fellows and professors of
+  philosophy and medicine, music, astronomy, geometry, languages, &amp;c.
+  They had power to elect professors also of horsemanship, dancing,
+  painting, engraving, &amp;c.; were made a body corporate, were permitted
+  to use a common seal, and to possess goods and lands in mortmain. (Pat.
+  11 Car. pt. 8. No. 14.) In the following year, 1636, was published,
+  dedicated to the "Regent and Professors," <i>The Constitutions of the
+  Museum Minerv�; giving an Account of an Academy for teaching chiefly
+  Navigation, Riding, Fortification, Architecture, Painting, and other
+  useful Accomplishments</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The "Museum" seems to have been highly patronised, for we find that on
+  the 27th February, 1635 (the year of its foundation), Prince Charles, the
+  Duke of York, and the Lady Mary their sister, honoured it with their
+  presence to witness a masque, entitled "Corona Minerv�," which was
+  written and prepared for the occasion by Sir Francis Kynaston. This
+  masque was, I believe, printed in the year of its production, but I do
+  not find it mentioned in the last edition of the <i>Biographia
+  Dramatica</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Cunningham, in his <i>Handbook of London</i>, mentions (p. 42.)
+  that</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Sir Francis Kynaston, the poet, was living in Covent Garden in 1636,
+  on the east side of the street towards Berrie" (Bedfordbury).</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And again, in his notice of Bedford Street (p. 44.), he says, Sir
+  Francis resided "on the west side in 1637." Both these entries refer to
+  the same residence&mdash;a noble mansion, built in the year 1594, which,
+  after being inhabited by several important families, finally passed into
+  the possession of Sir Francis Kynaston, who altered and adapted it
+  (rebuilding some portions) as the college of the "Museum Minerv�." The
+  ground plan, which is now before me, exhibits a well-arranged and
+  commodious building with two fronts, one in what is now Bedfordbury, and
+  the other (probably added by Sir Francis) in the street now called
+  Bedford Street. The building, when Sir Francis Kynaston purchased it in
+  1634, stood in the centre of a large garden. The surrounding
+  streets,&mdash;King Street, New Street, Bedford Street, Chandos Street,
+  Henrietta Street, and Bedfordbury, were not commenced building until the
+  year 1637.</p>
+
+  <p>The "Museum Minerv�" is not named in Mr. Cunningham's excellent
+  <i>Handbook</i>; but when we take into consideration the enormous amount
+  of information required for a work of the kind, we ought not to blame the
+  author for a few trifling omissions.</p>
+
+  <p>Sir Balthazar Gerbier, an enterprising projector of the same century,
+  by profession a painter and an architect, but now scarcely remembered as
+  either, seems to have imitated the "Museum Minerv�" in an academy opened
+  at Bethnal Green in 1649. Here, in addition to the more common branches
+  of education, he professed to teach astronomy, navigation, architecture,
+  perspective, drawing, limning, engraving, fortification, fireworks,
+  military discipline, the art of well speaking and civil conversation,
+  history, constitutions and maxims of state, and particular dispositions
+  of nations, "riding the great horse," &amp;c. Once in each week, at three
+  o'clock in the afternoon, Sir Balthazar gave a public lecture gratis on
+  the various sciences. The lectures were <!-- Page 318 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page318"></a>{318}</span>generally advertised in
+  the <i>Perfect Diurnal</i>, and a few curious specimens of these
+  advertisements may be seen in Lysons' <i>Environs of London</i>, ed.
+  1795, vol. ii. p. 30.</p>
+
+  <p>Balthazar Gerbier was born at Antwerp about 1591, came young into
+  England, and was a retainer of the Duke of Buckingham as early as 1613.
+  Upon the accession of Charles the First, he was employed in Flanders to
+  negociate privately a treaty with Spain. In 1628 he was knighted at
+  Hampton Court; and, as he says himself in one of his books, was promised
+  by the king the office of surveyor-general of the works, after the death
+  of Inigo Jones. In 1637 he was employed in some private transactions of
+  state; and on the 13th of July, 1641, he took the oaths of allegiance and
+  supremacy, having a bill of naturalisation. In 1648 he appears to have
+  projected the above-named academy, the failure of which very soon
+  happened. Sir Balthazar then went to America, where he seems to have been
+  very ill treated by the Dutch, and narrowly escaped with his life. He
+  afterwards returned to England, and designed the triumphal arch for the
+  reception of Charles the Second. He died at Hempsted-marshal, in 1667,
+  whilst engaged in superintending the mansion of Lord Craven, and was
+  buried in the chancel of that church.</p>
+
+  <p>In conclusion, it may be as well to mention, that, prior to the
+  establishment of the "Museum Minerv�," a committee had been appointed in
+  the House of Lords, consisting of the Duke of Buckingham and others, for
+  taking into consideration the state of the public schools, and method of
+  education. What progress was made in this inquiry is not known, but in
+  all probability the academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir Balthazar
+  Gerbier owed their origin to the meetings of this committee.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE AND FLETCHER.</h3>
+
+  <p>I feel greatly obliged to your correspondent C.&nbsp;B. for the attention
+  he has bestowed on the question of Fletcher's connexion with <i>Henry
+  VIII.</i>, as it is only through the concurrent judgments of those who
+  think the subject worthy of their full and impartial consideration, that
+  we can hope to arrive at the truth. His remarks (Vol. iii., p. 190.) are
+  the more valuable, as they coincide with a doubt in my own mind, which
+  has, to a great extent, ripened since I last communicated with you on the
+  subject; and, indeed, I have no need to hesitate in saying, that I had
+  more difficulty in coming to a conclusion with regard to the scene (Act
+  III. Sc. 2.) in which the passages occur quoted by C.&nbsp;B., than with any
+  other scene in the whole play. The suggestions, that Shakspeare might
+  have touched scenes of which the mass had been written by Fletcher, is a
+  point which I had not overlooked, and which indeed, to some extent, might
+  be said to follow from the view I took of the relation of Shakspeare and
+  Fletcher as master and scholar. Yet this suggestion is especially
+  valuable regarding this scene, and may account for that which, without
+  it, is not so easily explained.</p>
+
+  <p>If, however, there be any lurking notion in your correspondent's mind,
+  that the scene in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> (Act III. Sc. 1) referred
+  to by X.&nbsp;Z. (Vol. iii., p. 139.) is, judging from certain coincidences of
+  expression, an interpolation, and not by Shakspeare, I beg at once to be
+  allowed to express my total dissent from such a view. Whether, also,
+  there may have been any secondary allusion to some known event of the
+  day, as X.&nbsp;Z. supposes, and as is by no means improbable, I cannot say;
+  but I protest against its being said that the scene referred to is
+  "totally unconnected with what goes before, and what follows." Antony is
+  the hero of the play; and this scene shows the culminating point of
+  Antony's fortunes, when his very successes turn against him.</p>
+
+  <p>To return to <i>Henry VIII.</i>, the compliment to the Queen, to which
+  your correspondent refers, is, as he very justly observes, brought in in
+  a very forced manner. This, to my mind, is very strong evidence;
+  otherwise I should not think it unworthy of Shakspeare. And it still has
+  to be borne in mind, that he would have had to accommodate his characters
+  and circumstances to the views of another writer. Shakspeare's spirit was
+  too catholic, too universal, to have allowed, in a work entirely his own,
+  even his Wolsey to have made use of the term "a spleeny Lutheran;" yet
+  neither in the passage in which this expression occurs, nor in the one
+  above referred to, is the versification characteristic of Fletcher. For
+  my own part, however, I cannot recognise Shakspeare's spirit in this
+  antagonism of creeds, which is, perhaps, even more strongly displayed in
+  the prophetic speech of Cranmer's in the last scene, wherein he says,
+  "God shall be truly known!" It may be said, that in both these instances
+  the expressions are true to the characters of Wolsey and Cranmer. It may
+  be so; for both are wanting in that ideal elevation which Shakspeare
+  never fails to give. That, with this reservation, he becomes the
+  mouth-piece of each character, is most true; and a curious instance of
+  the writer's utter forgetfulness of his assumed character of contemporary
+  with the events he is relating, occurring in Act. IV. Sc. 2 where
+  Griffiths says&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"He was most princely: ever witness for him</p>
+      <p>Those twins of learning, that he rais'd in you,</p>
+      <p>Ipswich and Oxford! <i>one of which fell with him</i>,</p>
+      <p>Unwilling to outlive the good that did it;</p>
+      <p>The other, though unfinish'd, yet so famous,</p>
+      <p>So excellent in art, <i>and still so rising</i>,"&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p><!-- Page 319 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page319"></a>{319}</span></p>
+
+  <p>has no parallel in Shakspeare's works. To John Fletcher, indeed, at
+  the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, these things were known; but
+  scarcely to the attendant of Queen Katherine, who has but just narrated
+  the circumstances, then newly happened, of Wolsey's fall. On maturer
+  consideration, then, I am inclined to think that the whole of the scene
+  (Act III. Sc. 2.) to which your correspondent refers, was originally
+  written by Fletcher, although, as it now stands, it is strongly marked by
+  the hand of Shakspeare. In the same category, also, I am inclined to
+  place Scenes 3. and 4. of Act II. It will be observed that these changes
+  are not inconsistent with the view I had previously taken; the effect
+  being merely, that I am inclined to ascribe a little more than in the
+  first instance to the hitherto unsuspected participator in the work. I am
+  not sure, too, that I shall not be coming nearer to <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Spedding</span>; as, if I am not mistaken, it is in some of these scenes
+  that he imagines he detects "a third hand;" a theory which, though I do
+  not adopt, I certainly have not confidence enough to reject altogether.
+  But this view affects so very small a portion of the play, that it is of
+  very little consequence.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Samuel Hickson.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS OF TENNYSON.</h3>
+
+  <p>That great poets are sometimes obscure, needs no proof. That the
+  greatest poets will necessarily be so to the ordinary reader, seems to me
+  equally indisputable.</p>
+
+  <p>Not without effort can one enter into the spontaneous thought of
+  another, or even of himself in another mood. How much more when that
+  other is distinguished from his fellows by the <i>greatness</i> and
+  <i>singularity</i> of his thoughts, and by the extreme subtilty of their
+  connecting links. Obscurity is not a blemish but an excellence, if the
+  pains of seeking are more than compensated by the pleasures of finding,
+  the luxury of <span title="math�sis" class="grk"
+  >&mu;&alpha;&theta;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&sigmaf;</span>, where the
+  concentrated energy of a passage, when once understood, gives it a hold
+  on the imagination and memory such as were ill sacrificed to more diluted
+  clearness.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Grandis pr�fatio tenui incepto</i>&mdash;a sort of apology to
+  Tennyson for implying that he needs illustration. Some time ago I made a
+  few notes on particular passages in <i>Locksley Hall</i>, which I now
+  enclose. Some of them are, I dare say, superfluous&mdash;some, possibly,
+  erroneous. If so, they will stand a fair chance of being corrected in
+  your valuable publication.</p>
+
+  <p>By the bye, if a "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" had
+  existed in the days of �schylus, we might have been saved from many a
+  recourse to "corrupt text" and "lacun� admodum deflend�."</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Notes on Locksley Hall.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 2. "Dreary gleams:" in apposition with "curlews." I know the
+  construction of this line has puzzled a good many readers.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 23. "Yet it shall be." Yet "decline" thou certainly wilt.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 28. "He will answer," &amp;c. With an oath, it may be&mdash;at
+  the least with a coarse rebuff.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 29. "The heart's disgrace." The disgrace, the injury, and
+  degradation the heart has suffered&mdash;its prostitution to a mercenary
+  service by a marriage of interest.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 34. "Never." Alas! I never can.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 35. "In division of the records of the mind." In dividing my
+  recollections of her into two groups, and erasing the one.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 38. "The poet is" (as I think has been already pointed out)
+  Dante.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 40. "He hunts," &amp;c. He&mdash;thy husband.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 42. "Never, never," &amp;c. Never again! (joys never to return)
+  sung by the ghosts of years departed.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 51. "I have but an angry fancy"&mdash;my only
+  <i>qualification</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 53. "But the jingling of the guinea," &amp;c. But there is no
+  fighting now: the nations get over their quarrels in another way&mdash;by
+  the jingling of the guinea, instead of the clang of arms.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanzas 54. "Mother-age."; 93. "Mother-age, for mine I know not."</p>
+
+  <p>This mother-age is a great difficulty. At first I took it for <i>the
+  past of history</i>, but now understand by it <i>the past of his own
+  life</i>, at least its earliest and brightest period&mdash;that age which
+  had been as a mother, the only mother he ever knew.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 70. "Youthful joys." The bright hopes of his youth. (?)</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 75. "Blinder motions," Less rational, less well-guided
+  emotions.</p>
+
+  <p>Stanza 91. "The distance." The distant future, the "good time
+  coming."</p>
+
+  <p>There are some lines in <i>In Memoriam</i> (I have not the book at
+  hand, but any reader thereof will instantly recollect them), which
+  indicate Tennyson's acquaintance with and appreciation of Jeremy Taylor,
+  who thus expresses the thoughts of the "wild fellow in Petronius,"
+  suggested by the sight of a floating corpse.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That peradventure this man's wife, in some part of the Continent,
+  safe and warm, looks next month for the good man's return or, it may be,
+  his son knows nothing of the tempest: or his father thinks of that
+  affectionate kiss which is still warm upon the good old man's cheek ever
+  since he took a kind farewell; and he weeps with joy to think how blessed
+  he shall be when his beloved boy returns into the circle of his father's
+  arms."&mdash;<i>Holy Dying.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Compare with "Sure never moon to evening," &amp;c., in the same poem,
+  and I think the same place: <!-- Page 320 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page320"></a>{320}</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nec nox ulla diem, neque noctem aurora secuta est,</p>
+      <p>Qu� non audierit mistos vagitibus �gris</p>
+      <p>Ploratus mortis comites, et funeris atri."&mdash;<i>Lucretius</i>, ii. 579.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">G. P.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Sacramental Wine</i> (Vol. iii., p. 179.).&mdash;From a note by
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Albert Way</span>, on the use of sacramental wine,
+  one would be led to infer that it was recommended on account of some
+  superstitious belief in its superior excellency from having been used in
+  religious worship; but I would suggest that the same reasons which
+  recommend Teynt wine, the kind generally used for the Sacrament, are
+  those which have established for it a reputation in cases of sickness:
+  these are its rich red colour, and sweet and agreeable flavour.</p>
+
+  <p>Weakness is popularly supposed to be caused by a thinness and want of
+  blood; if wine be recommended for this, there is a deeply rooted
+  prejudice in favour of red wine because the blood is red, and upon no
+  better principle than that which prescribes the yellow bark of the
+  barberry for the yellow state of jaundice; the nettle, for the
+  nettle-rash; and the navel-wort (<i>Cotyledon umbilicus</i>), for
+  weakness about the umbilical region. The truth is, that rustic practice
+  is much influenced by the doctrine of similitudes, the principle of
+  "<i>similia similibus curantur</i>" having been more extensively
+  recognised in the olden time than since the days of Hahnemann.</p>
+
+  <p>The sweetness of Teynt wine would recommend it for children, to whom a
+  stronger wine is generally distasteful; but Port is generally prescribed
+  as a tonic for adults.</p>
+
+  <p>It may further be remarked, that the recommendation to give
+  Sacramental wine might arise from the fact, that, as in some parishes
+  more wine is provided than is required, the remainder is put by to be
+  given to the poor who may require it at the hands of the clergyman.</p>
+
+  <p>In sending these remarks, I am led to request that your correspondents
+  would make Notes upon such old wives' remedies as are employed upon the
+  principles I have mentioned.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Buckman.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cirencester, April 12.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cure of Disease by means of Sheep.</i>&mdash;A child in my parish
+  has been for some time afflicted with disease of some of the respiratory
+  organs. The mother was recommended to have it carried through a flock of
+  sheep as they were let out of the fold in the morning. The time was
+  considered to be of importance.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span lang="he" class="heb" title="B" ><bdo dir="rtl">&#x5D1;</bdo></span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">L&mdash;&mdash; Rectory, Somerset.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ANCIENT INEDITED BALLADS, NO. IV.</h3>
+
+  <p>I next transcribe the following lines from the same MS. as my last. It
+  is another epitaph on the Mr. Browne that I mentioned in No. II. It
+  contains a curious illustration of a passage in Shakspeare, which has
+  been often debated in the pages of "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," and so deserves preservation.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Vpon the death of that right worthye man, <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Browne</span>, late of Caius and Gonville Colledge disceased.
+  Epicedion."&mdash;(<i>Harl. MSS.</i>, No. 367. fol. 155.)</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"If vowes or teares from heartes or eyes,</p>
+      <p>Could pearce the unpenitrable skyes,</p>
+      <p>Then might he live, that now heere lyes.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>But teares are tonguelesse, vowes are vaine,</p>
+      <div class="linenum">5</div><p>T' recall what fate calls; els how faine</p>
+      <p>What death hath seis'd, wold I regaine.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>But sure th' immortal one belaves</p>
+      <p>This wished soule in 's blissfull waves:</p>
+      <p>Ill comes too oft, when no man craves.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <div class="linenum">10</div><p>Rest, therefore, vrne, rest quietlye,</p>
+      <p>And when my fates shall call on me,</p>
+      <p>So may I rest, as I wish the.</p>
+      <p class="i10hg3">"<span class="sc">R. Constable</span>,</p>
+      <p class="i12">Caio-Gonvillensis."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I need hardly point out the striking similarity between the expression
+  in Shakspeare&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"and the delighted spirit</p>
+      <p>To bathe in fiery floods,"&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>and the third stanza of this poem.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>POETICAL COINCIDENCES, ETC.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Byron.</i></p>
+
+  <p>In the <i>Jealous Lovers</i> of Thomas Randolph, the following passage
+  occurs, which may possibly have suggested to Lord Byron the fearful curse
+  he has put into the mouth of Eve, in "the grand and tremendous drama of
+  <i>Cain</i>."<a name="footnotetag1"
+  href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"May perpetual jealousie</p>
+      <p>Wait on their beds, and poison their embraces</p>
+      <p>With just suspitions; may their children be</p>
+      <p>Deform'd, and fright the mother at the birth:</p>
+      <p>May they live long and wretched; all men's hate,</p>
+      <p>And yet have misery enough for pity:</p>
+      <p>May they be long a-dying&mdash;of diseases</p>
+      <p>Painful and loathsome," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>That exquisite stanza in the Third Canto of <i>Childe Harold</i>,
+  "Even as a broken mirror," &amp;c., has been often admired. In Carew's
+  poem, <i>The Spark</i>, I find the following lines, which contain similar
+  image:</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 321 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page321"></a>{321}</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And as a looking-glass, from the aspect,</p>
+      <p>Whilst it is whole, doth but one face reflect,</p>
+      <p>But being crack'd, or broken, there are shown</p>
+      <p>Many half faces, which at first were one;</p>
+      <p>So Love," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>To the coincidences which have been already pointed out regarding that
+  exquisite line in the <i>Bride of Abydos</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The mind, the music breathing from her face,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>the following from Carew may perhaps be added:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The harmony of colours, features, grace,</p>
+      <p>Resulting airs (the magic of a face)</p>
+      <p>Of musical sweet tunes, all which combin'd,</p>
+      <p>To crown one sovereign beauty, lie confined</p>
+      <p>To this dark vault."&mdash;<i>Epitaph on the Lady S.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>All will recollect the wonderful description of the shipwreck in
+  <i>Don Juan</i>; and more particularly the incidents so graphically
+  related in stanzas 52 and 53 of the Second Canto: to a part of which, the
+  following passage fro Lee's <i>&OElig;dipus</i> bears some
+  resemblance:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"Methought I heard a voice,</p>
+      <p>Now roaring like the ocean, when the winds</p>
+      <p>Fight with the waves; now in a still small tone</p>
+      <p>Your dying accents fell, as wrecking ships,</p>
+      <p>After the dreadful yell, sink murm'ring down,</p>
+      <p>And bubble up a noise."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I have now before me a print of John, the first Lord Byron, engraved
+  from a painting in the collection of Lord Delaware; in which he is
+  pourtrayed in armour, with a truncheon in the left hand, and the <i>right
+  arm bare</i> to above the elbow. Can this have suggested to Lord Byron
+  the idea of describing "Alp the renegade" as fighting with "the white arm
+  bare," in the <i>Siege of Corinth</i>?</p>
+
+  <p>Byron refers to Smollett as an authority for "blatant beast,"
+  apparently forgetting that the figure originated with Spenser. Again, in
+  a note to <i>Don Juan</i> respecting his use of the phrase "reformadoes,"
+  he remarks:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Baron Bradwardine, in <i>Waverley</i>, is authority for the
+  word."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It occurs, however, in Ben Jonson, and may be found in Blount's
+  <i>Glossographia</i>; Phillips's <i>World of Words</i>, and other old
+  dictionaries of the same period.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. C. Smith.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>Sir Walter Scott.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO.</h3>
+
+  <p>Amidst the Apennines, far removed from the ordinary track of tourists,
+  is the diminutive republic of San Marino, which boasts never to have been
+  subjugated. Whether it has escaped invasion because it has escaped
+  notice, or because burglars never attack an empty cottage, is a point
+  which I shall not stop to discuss. Few travellers visit it, but the
+  trouble of doing so would be amply repaid. The situation is highly
+  romantic; and the view from the summit of the bold escarpment, upon which
+  the town is perched, extends over a wilderness of mountains.</p>
+
+  <p>The population of the territory is said not to exceed 6,000 or 7,000
+  souls. Its whole income is derived from a moderate duty on tobacco; and
+  its standing army (for it possesses this indispensable incident to
+  political independence) is chiefly employed in vain attempts to prevent
+  the evasion of that duty.</p>
+
+  <p>Among the greatest and most highly esteemed curiosities of the place,
+  is a statue of Christ on the cross, with a head of real hair, which is
+  cut twice a year, and always grows again! This faculty of reproduction is
+  as profitable as it is wonderful; for, besides the resort of pious
+  visitors, drawn by the capillary attractions of such a miraculous piece
+  of sculpture, the locks that are cut off are stated, by the
+  ecclesiastical functionaries in charge of the statue, to be a sure
+  preservative against all harm to the wearer, and are of course in request
+  as an article of commerce. My object in communicating to you these notes,
+  is to introduce to you a copy, which I transcribed myself, of one of the
+  state papers preserved in the archives of the republic. It appears to be
+  a letter of encouragement, addressed by the Priors and Gonfaloniere of
+  the republic of Florence to that of S. Marino, during a siege that the
+  latter was undergoing. Perhaps some of your readers may be able to point
+  out the precise occasion that called for the letter.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sydney Smirke.</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Magnifici viri amici �ri car<sup>mi</sup>, Habbiamo vedato la lettera
+  vi scrive il Governatore, et habbiamo inteso la volunt� dello exercito
+  della Chiesa. Dovete essere di buono animo et stare constanti et fermi:
+  et perdere la vita insieme con la libert� che � meglo allo huomo uso a
+  essere libero, essere morto che essere servo. Iddio a chi piace la
+  libert� vi aiutera difenderai: et noi et la �ra lega non vi manchera:
+  havete inteso le provisioni facte et di denari et di gente ad Arimino; et
+  faremo delle altre tante che saranno abastanza. Valete. Ex palatio �ro
+  die viij. Junij, <span class="scac">M.CCCCLXVIII</span>j.</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr">
+<tr><td>
+"Priores libertatis et<br />
+&nbsp;Vexillifer Justiti�
+</td><td>
+<a href="images/$rbrace.png"><img src="images/$rbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:4ex" alt="brace" /></a>
+</td><td>
+Populi Florentinj.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author">"Barth. Scala.</p>
+
+  <p>"Magnificis Viris hominibus terr� S&#x101; Marini amicis �ris
+  car<sup>mis</sup>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ST. FRANCIS.</h3>
+
+  <p>I think Mrs. Jameson, in her <i>Legends of the Monastic Orders</i>,
+  has left unnoticed the very remarkable book of the <i>Conformity of St.
+  Francis's Life with that of Jesus Christ</i>, a work, the blasphemy of
+  which is only equalled by its absurdity.</p>
+
+  <p>The book was written by Bartholomew of Pisa, a monk of the order, and
+  licensed in 1399 by the general of the Minorites.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Approbatum est a fr. Henrico ord. frat. Minorum generali ministro et
+  servo et c�teris ministris et diffinitoribus capituli generalis apud
+  Sacrum locum de Assisio die 2 Augusti <span class="scac">A.D.</span>
+  1399."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 322 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page322"></a>{322}</span></p>
+
+  <p>The title of the first edition, which is very rare, is as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Liber Conformitatum Vit� S. Francisci ad Vitam Jesu Christi. Authore
+  Fr. Bartholom�o degli Albizzi, ex recens. Fran. Zenonis. Impressum
+  Mediolani per Gotardum Ponticum apud templum Sancti Satyri. Anno <span
+  class="scac">M.CCCCCX.</span> die 18 mensis Septembris. In fol. literis
+  quadratis."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The Second edition:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Opus aur. et inexplicabilis bonitatis et continenti�, Conformitatum
+  scilicet vit� Beati Fr&#x101;. ad vit&#x101; D&#x12B;. <span
+  class="over">n</span>ri Jesu x<span class="over">p</span>i. Mediolani, in
+  edibus Zanoti castilionei 1513. in fol. goth."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The third edition, also in folio, appeared at Bologne (1590) as "Liber
+  aureus, inscriptus liber Conformitatum, etc., per Hierem Bucchium," with
+  some alterations in the text.</p>
+
+  <p>Fourth edition:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Vita S. Fra<span class="over">n</span>. conf. ad vit. Xti., per S.
+  Bonaventuram Conscriptu ab Henr. Sedulio Co<span class="over">m</span>.
+  illustrata, 4to., Antr. 1597."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Another edition, by Jer. Bacch, in folio, appeared at Bologne in 1620;
+  and an abridged edition in octavo, by Phil. Bosquier, at Cologne, under
+  the title of <i>Antiquitates Franciscan�</i>, a very good edition of the
+  <i>Liber Conform.</i>, "Et ex Annalibus Madingi collecta per Tibur.
+  Navarrum," was published in 4to. at Rome in 1670.</p>
+
+  <p>The late Dr. Elrington had a very fine copy of the following French
+  translation:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Traite des Conformit�s du Disciple avec son Maitre, c'est � dire, de
+  Saint Fran�ois avec J.&nbsp;C., etc., le tout recueilli par un frere mineur
+  r�collect. (Valentin Mar�e.) Liege, 1658-60. 4 part en 3 vol. in
+  4to."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In 1542 a small volume was put forth, containing choice passages from
+  the <i>Liber Conformitatum</i>, with a preface and letter to the reader,
+  purporting to be from Martin Luther. It was accordingly by many
+  attributed to him; the real compiler was Erasmus Alberus. The title of
+  the first edition is</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Alcoranus Franciscorum, etc., ex libro conformitatum: Francof. 1542,
+  parv. 8vo."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It was reprinted, with a French translation, by Conrad Badius, at
+  Geneva, 1560 or 1578; so says Brunet.</p>
+
+  <p>The best edition of this work was that published at Amsterdam in 1734,
+  in two vols. 12 mo., with some capital plates by Picart. The title
+  is&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"L'Alcoran des Cordeliers, tant en Latin qu'en Fran�ois; c'est � dire,
+  Recueil des plus notables bourdes et blasphemes de ceux qui ont os�
+  comparer Sainet Fran�ois � Jesus Christ; tir� du grand livre des
+  <i>Conformit�s</i>, jadis compos� par frere Barthelemi de Pise, Cordelier
+  en son vivant. Nouvelle edition, orn�e de figures dessin�es par B.
+  Picart. A Amsterdam. Aux Defens de la Compagnie. <span
+  class="scac">MDCCXXXIV</span>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Another work, printed the same year, is often found with
+  this:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Legende Dor�e, ou Sommaire de l'Histoire des Freres-mendians de
+  l'ordre de Saint Fran�ois. (Par Nic. Vignier.) Amsterdam, 1734. 12mo.
+  R�impr. sur l'ed. de Leyde, 1608 in 8vo."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Thomas of Celano, the friend and scholar of St. Francis, and the
+  author of the famous <i>Dies Ir�</i>, after the saint's death composed a
+  brief account of his life, which he afterwards greatly enlarged, and
+  which even now is the most authentic we possess. I should be glad to know
+  the best, as well as the latest editions of this life.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Francis," said Luther, "was no doubt an honest and just man. He
+  little thought that such superstition and unbelief should proceed out of
+  his life."&mdash;<i>Tischreden.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Berington says of St. Francis:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In an age of less intemperance in religion, miracles and the fancied
+  intervention of peculiar favours from heaven, would not have been deemed
+  necessary to stamp worth and admiration on a character which in itself
+  possessed the purest excellences that fall to the lot of man. But this
+  circumstance, and more than this, the reception which an institute so
+  peculiarly framed met with, serve to manifest the singular taste of the
+  age."&mdash;<i>Berington's Henry II.</i>, p. 629.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>"It is scarcely possible," says Mr. Massingberd, "to read the history
+  of St. Francis of Assisi, without believing that there was in him a
+  sincere and self-devoted, however ill-directed, piety." We must not let
+  the foolish legends afterwards written of him lower him in our
+  estimation, nor cease to regard him as a sincere and devoted
+  Christian.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mariconda</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Charles Lamb's Epitaph.</i>&mdash;Perhaps the following lines,
+  which I have copied from the gravestone of Charles Lamb, who lies in the
+  churchyard at Edmonton, may be interesting to those of your readers who
+  are among the admirers of the witty and gentle Elia:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Farewell, dear friend; that smile, that harmless mirth,</p>
+      <p>No more shall gladden our domestic hearth;</p>
+      <p>That rising tear, with pain forbid to flow,</p>
+      <p>Better than words, no more assuage our woe;</p>
+      <p>That hand outstretch'd from small but well-earn'd store,</p>
+      <p>Yield succour to the destitute no more.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Yet art thou not all lost; thro' many an age</p>
+      <p>With sterling sense and humour shall thy page</p>
+      <p>Win many an English bosom, pleased to see</p>
+      <p>That old and happier vein revived in thee.</p>
+      <p>This for our earth, and if with friends we share</p>
+      <p>Our joys in heav'n, we hope to meet thee there."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I have heard it conjectured that the above were written by Wordsworth.
+  I shall feel obliged if any of your readers will inform me whether the
+  late laureate was the author of them or not?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Maria S.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Edmonton.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 323 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page323"></a>{323}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>M. or N.</i> (Vol. i., p. 415.; Vol. ii., p. 61.).&mdash;There have
+  been several suggestions as to the origin of the use of these letters in
+  the services of the church, but I do not think that any correspondent has
+  hit upon the very simple one which I have always considered to be most
+  probably the true explanation; which is, that as these services were
+  compiled when algebra stood much higher in the rank of sciences than it
+  does at present, it is by no means unlikely that these two letters should
+  be used to signify indefinite and variable <i>names</i>, as they are in
+  algebra to represent indefinite or variable <i>numbers</i>, in the same
+  manner as A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;C. are as signs of known or definite, and X.&nbsp;Y.&nbsp;Z. of
+  unknown sums.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. Y.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Henry VIII. and Sir Thos. Curwen.</i>&mdash;The following quaint
+  extract from Sandford's MS. <i>History of Cumberland</i>, now in the
+  library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, exhibits that "reknowned
+  king," Henry VIII., in so good-natured a light, that I think, if you can
+  find a corner for it, it may amuse some of your readers. That the good
+  knight and "excelent archer" should have been so outwitted by his
+  son-in-law is a matter of some regret to one of his
+  descendants:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Sir Thos. Curwen, Knight, in Henry the Eight's time, an excelent
+  archer at twelvescore merks; and went up with his men to shoote with that
+  reknowned King at the dissolution of abbeys: and the King says to him,
+  Curwen, why doth thee begg none of these Abbeys? I wold gratify thee some
+  way. Quoth the other, Thank yow, and afterward said he wold desire of him
+  the Abbie of ffurness (nye unto him) for 20<sup>ty</sup> one yeares.
+  Sayes the King: take it for ever: quoth the other, it is long enough, for
+  youle set them up againe in that time: but they not likely to be set up
+  againe, this Sir Tho. Curwen sent Mr. Preston, who had married his
+  daughter, to renew the lease for him; and he even rennewed in his own
+  name; which when his father-in-law questioned, quoth Mr. Preston, you
+  shall have it as long as you live; and I think I may as well have it with
+  your daughter as another."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>After some descents, this family of Preston, of the manor of Furness,
+  terminated in a daughter, who married Sir William Lowther, whose grandson
+  left his estates in Furness and Cartmell to his cousin, Lord George
+  Cavendish, through whom they are inherited by the Earl of Burlington. As
+  Harry the Eighth's good intentions towards Sir Thomas Curwen have been
+  frustrated, his descendants must console themselves by knowing that the
+  glorious old ruin of Furness could not be in better hands than his
+  lordship's.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Workington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Periodical Literature</i>, 1707.&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The author of the <i>Observator</i> is <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Ridpath</span>, y<sup>e</sup> author of the <i>Flying Post</i>. The base
+  author of the late paper, which has been some time since dropp'd, viz.
+  <i>The Observator Reviv'd</i>, was one <span class="sc">Pearce</span>, an
+  exchange broker, some time since concerned in the paper called
+  <i>Legion's Address</i>, and forced to fly on that account into Holland.
+  The publisher of the <i>Ph&oelig;nix</i> is a Presbyterian bookseller,
+  named J. Darby, in Bartholomew Close, who has told me that he was chiefly
+  assisted therein by the famous <span class="sc">Mr. Collins</span>, the
+  supposed author of <i>The Use of Reason in Propositions</i>, &amp;c., and
+  Dr. Tindal's familiar acquaintance."&mdash;<i>Original Letter of the Rev.
+  Robert Watts, M.A.</i>, dated London, Feb. 6. 1707-8.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">P. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Archbishop Sancroft.</i>&mdash;It is well known that Dr. William
+  Dillingham, Master of Emanuel College, Cambridge, published, in 1678, a
+  volume of Latin poems, partly translations from George Herbert, partly
+  pieces of his own, with some few added from other sources. But it is not
+  known that most of the pieces in this volume were corrected by the hand
+  of Archbishop Sancroft, and that one certainly was from his own pen. It
+  occurs at p. 155. of the octavo volume alluded to, and is entitled
+  "Hippodromus." This is a translation from an epigram by Thomas Bastard,
+  first printed in 1598, and beginning:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I mett a courtier riding on the plaine."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>That it is Archbishop Sancroft's is proved from an original letter
+  addressed to him by Dillingham in 1677, and preserved in the
+  Bodleian.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Henry Slingsby.</i>&mdash;This gallant cavalier, who was
+  murdered (as Lloyd says in his <i>Memoirs</i>) by Oliver Cromwell in
+  1658, wrote an account of the scenes in which he bore a part, from 1638
+  to 1648, which he called "Commentaries, containing many remarkable
+  occurrences during the Civil Wars." Can any of your correspondents tell
+  me where the original manuscript is to be found, and whether it was ever
+  printed? I have seen an indifferent transcript, beginning, "The chappel
+  at Red House was built by my father, Sir Henry Slingsby." If it has never
+  been published, it would be an acceptable contribution to the historical
+  memoirs of the times, and worth the attention of the Camden Society.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Origin of a Surname.</i>&mdash;Martha Denial, widow, aged
+  seventy-five, was buried in Ecclesfield churchyard, 3rd February, 1851.
+  Her husband, Joseph Denial, told the parish clerk that his grandfather
+  was found when an infant deserted in a church porch; and that he was
+  surnamed Denial, as one whom <i>all deny</i>; and was christened Daniel,
+  which is composed of the same letters. This is the tradition of the
+  origin of a surname now common in this parish.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Madden's Reflections.</i>&mdash;Madden's <i>Reflections and
+  Resolutions for the Gentlemen of Ireland</i>. In the preface to the
+  reprint of this work we meet with the following paragraph:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The very curious and interesting work which is <!-- Page 324 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page324"></a>{324}</span>now reprinted, and
+  intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon
+  rarity: there is not a copy of it in the Library of Trinity College, or
+  in any of the other public libraries of this city [Dublin], which have
+  been searched on purpose. The profoundly-learned Vice-Provost, Doctor
+  Barrett, never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the
+  literature of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the
+  subject, are even unacquainted with the name of the book."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The full title of the work to which I refer, and which is an 8vo.
+  volume of 200 or 300 pages, is <i>Reflections and Resolutions proper for
+  the Gentlemen of Ireland, as to their Conduct for the Service of their
+  Country</i>. It was printed in Dublin in 1738; it was reprinted there in
+  1816 at the sole expense of the well-known philanthropist, Thomas
+  Pleasants, and the author was Samuel Madden, D.D., the author of several
+  publications: a great patron of arts and literature in his native land,
+  and one of whom Dr. Johnson remarked with truth,&mdash;"His was a name
+  Ireland ought to honour." For some authentic information respecting him,
+  see Nichols's <i>Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century</i>, vol.
+  ii. pp. 31. 699.; and Grosley's <i>Tour in England</i>, vol. ii p. 260.
+  These writers, however, make no mention of his <i>Reflections</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The original edition may indeed be looked upon as rather rare, but not
+  so rare as some appear inclined to think. I have a copy, and until lately
+  had two; and at different times I have met with copies for sale. However,
+  the copy now in the library of the Royal Dublin Society was purchased
+  some years ago at a high price; and, unless I am mistaken, there is not
+  one as yet in the British Museum. The reprint which is there is much to
+  be preferred by readers in general.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE BELLMAN, AND HIS HISTORY.</h3>
+
+  <p>I have often read Vincent Bourne's poem, "Ad Davidem Cook,
+  Westmonasterii Custodem Nocturnum et Vigilantissimum, Anno 1716:"
+  Pickering's edition, p. 129. This nightly guardian, it appears, was
+  accompanied by a dog:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"C�m variis implent tenebr� terroribus orbem,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Tu comite assuetum cum cane carpis iter,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>was armed with a stout staff, or knotty club:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nec te perterrent, nodoso stipite fretum,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Subdola qui tacito pectore furta parant,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>and carried a bell:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Tinnitu adventum signans, oriantur an astra,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Narras, an pur� lucida Luna micet."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>To the last-mentioned part of his equipment, he owed the title of
+  "Bellman."</p>
+
+  <p>The Bellman's duty, however, was not confined to crying the rising of
+  the stars, or the shining of the moon, but he cheered his nightly round
+  with many a chant:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Nocturnum multo carmine fallis iter."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The next lines are descriptive of the Bellman's poetry, and tell us
+  the subjects of it. Of some of these I want explanation; and of all,
+  examples. I am at a loss to explain the following four lines:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Divorum hyberni menses quotcunque celebrant,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Cuique locum et versum dat tua musa suum:</p>
+      <p><i>Crispino</i> ante omnes; neque enim sine carmine fas est</p>
+      <p class="i1">Nobile sutorum pr�teriisse decus."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The next lines refer to the Bellman's loyalty in ever remembering the
+  Royal Family; to his salutation of masters and mistresses; to the useful
+  instruction he pours forth in song to young men and maidens; and to the
+  happy marriages he wishes to such as give heed to his warnings. The
+  Bellman then addresses himself to men-servants and maid-servants,
+  enjoining honesty on the former, cleanliness on the latter. Repeatedly
+  wishing prosperity to his masters, he concludes with one pre-eminent
+  exhortation to keep in mind, that the friendly hand of death levels the
+  highest and the lowest.</p>
+
+  <p>My ignorance asks several questions. When did the Bellman lay aside
+  his bell, and assume the rattle; and, with this change (I presume), drop
+  the name of Bellman for that of Watchman, to whom the silent policeman
+  has succeeded? Was the dog the usual aide-de-camp of the Bellman? Are
+  there any other instances in which the dog is mentioned as assisting the
+  Bellman in his nocturnal guardianship?</p>
+
+  <p>As to the Bellman's poetry, Milton will occur to every one:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Or the bellman's drowsy charm</p>
+      <p>To bless the door from nightly harm."&mdash;<i>Il Penseroso.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>1. Herrick's <i>Hesperides</i>, p. 169., is a Bellman's song, a
+  blessing, concluding:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Past one o'clock, and almost two,</p>
+      <p>My masters all, good-day to you."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>2. Ibid. p. 251. is another song; a warning to remember the
+  judgment-day, and ending&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ponder this when I am gone,</p>
+      <p>By the clock 'tis almost one."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>See <i>The Tatler</i>, No. 111., for the Bellman's salutation:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Good morrow, Mr. Bickerstaff, good morrow, my masters
+  all.</i>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"It was the owl that shriek'd, the fatal bellman,</p>
+      <p>Which gives the stern'st good night."&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Gay refers to the Bellman's song in the following lines:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Behold that narrow street which steep descends,</p>
+      <p>Whose building to the slimy shore extends;</p>
+<!-- Page 325 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page325"></a>{325}</span>
+      <p>Here Arundel's fam'd structure rear'd its frame,</p>
+      <p>The street alone retains the empty name;</p>
+      <p>Where Titian's glowing paint the canvass warm'd,</p>
+      <p>And Raphael's fair design, with judgment, charm'd,</p>
+      <p>Now hangs <i>the bellman's song</i>, and pasted here</p>
+      <p>The colour'd prints of Overton appear."&mdash;<i>Trivia</i>, book ii. 482.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In the <i>Archaic and Provincial Dictionary</i>, the duty of the
+  Bellman in his poetic character seems to be limited to blessing the
+  sleepers. It appears from the poem by Vincent Bourne, that his Muse took
+  a much more extensive range.</p>
+
+  <p>Can you inform me where I can find more about the Bellman, his bell
+  and his dog; and, especially, his songs? Where can I find "The Bellman's
+  Songs?"</p>
+
+  <p>Is "Bellman" a name given to dogs in modern times? See <i>Taming of
+  the Shrew</i>, Induction.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. W. T.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We cannot insert F. W. T.'s Query without referring to the admirable
+  translation of Vinny Bourne's Ode, which is to be found in our First
+  Volume, p. 152.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WAS SALLUSTIUS A LECTURER?&mdash;CONNEXION
+BETWEEN SALLUSTIUS AND TACITUS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Sallustius, in his celebrated abstract of the Punic records of
+  Thempsal, makes the following remark:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nam de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere, <i>quoniam
+  alio properare tempus monet</i>."&mdash;<i>De Bello Jugurthino</i>, c.
+  xix. ed. Allen.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Does not this sound as if the history has been read out to an
+  assembly? There is strong presumptive evidence in favour of such a
+  supposition, in the tradition of Herodotus having read aloud his history
+  at the Grecian Games. Besides, it was a common practice of Cicero and
+  Plinius the Younger to read out their orations and treatises. I cannot
+  help thinking that the histories of Sallustius were first delivered as
+  lectures, <i>taken down by reporters</i><a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> employed by himself for the purposes
+  of preserving his words, as he had only notes before him, fairly
+  transcribed from the stenographic character, and then, <i>but not till
+  then</i>, made a subject of closet-study. This, I think, is easy of
+  proof, and instances may be adduced (the expression I have quoted is one)
+  where the lecturer peeps out.</p>
+
+  <p>The interpolated state in which this classic has come down to us is
+  indeed sad: there is scarcely a chapter throughout the Catiline and
+  Jugurtha where some transcriber has not been at work, sticking in words
+  and sometimes whole sentences, which, I am astonished to see, have
+  escaped the notice of Cortius, Allen, and the older editors.</p>
+
+  <p>I said above that Sallustius made his lectures or orations on the
+  history of his country a subject of closet study. He did so, and in an
+  eminent degree. His conciseness, clearness (when relieved from the burden
+  of interpolation), and usual impartiality, point to a careful and
+  spiritual study of Thucydides; but he could not attain to an equal degree
+  of sweetness as the Greek historian, on account of the general character
+  of their several languages differing. As far, however, as Roman could
+  approach to Greek, I conceive Sallustius has approached to Thucydides.
+  Tacitus (whose mind was impregnated with, and steeped in Sallustius)
+  rarely enounces a sentiment in his numerous works the origin of which is
+  not referable to the latter author. It requires some careful thought
+  sometimes, before the passages can be traced; but they <i>are</i>
+  traceable; and if we had the whole works of Sallustius, I doubt not but
+  that we should be able to trace them all much more easily.
+  Perhaps&mdash;I say it without stress, mind; it is a mere
+  suggestion&mdash;it would be possible to restore, or rather connect some
+  of the historical fragments of Sallustius by means of the works of
+  Tacitus. When we find a sentiment of Sallustius half expressed in the
+  fragment, and trending towards the conclusion arrived at by Tacitus, may
+  we not, as we know how completely the latter had imbibed the thoughts of
+  the former, reasonably suppose the remainder of the passage to be
+  parallel; and, following out the idea, restore it, taking into
+  consideration the difference of the mode of expression in the two eras?
+  And this may hold good, not only between Tacitus and Sallustius, but
+  between Sallustius and Thucydides.</p>
+
+  <p>Such is the aspect under which I endeavour to behold the classics,
+  viz. as one great whole, having here and there pieces gone or faded (lost
+  or hopelessly corrupted), and which fit into each other, showing the
+  building which intellect erects, the only building calculated to
+  withstand the hand of time. Thanks be to printing, to cheap literature,
+  and to English energy and investigation, antiquity may again rear her
+  head, and fell that it is comprehended in all its varied bearings, and
+  lights and shadows.</p>
+
+  <p>To men like Niebuhr, Grote, Layard, Prescott, St. John, Wilkinson,
+  Rawlinson, and Norris, do we owe a debt of gratitude, for such patience
+  and investigation; and no one cheers them on with a more sincere feeling,
+  and thanks them for their past exertions, than</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>Short-hand, we know, was in use at Rome.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE OUTER TEMPLE.</h3>
+
+  <p>Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his delightful <i>Handbook of London</i>,
+  says that when the New Temple "passed to the Knights of St. John of
+  Jerusalem, the Inner and Middle Temple were leased to the Students of the
+  Common Law; and the <span class="sc">Outer Temple</span> to Walter
+  Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter:" and in describing Essex House, by which
+  name it <!-- Page 326 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page326"></a>{326}</span>was afterwards known, he repeats the same
+  statement; as if the Outer Temple was part of the original property of
+  the Knights Templars.</p>
+
+  <p>I should be very glad to know what authority he has for this; because
+  I have very great doubt whether the "Outer Temple" ever belonged to the
+  Knights Templars or to the Knights of St. John, or was in any manner
+  comprehended within the property. The New Temple, as the whole property
+  was called, belonged to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, at the time
+  of his death, in June, 1323. The Council of Vienna, in 1324, bestowed all
+  the lands of the Knights Templars on the Knights of St. John. Since my
+  letter to you on the general subject of the Temple, and L.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;L.'s
+  obliging answer (Vol. ii., pp. 103. 123.), I have been kindly furnished
+  by Mr. Joseph Burtt, of the Chapter House, with a deed, dated June 28,
+  1324, by which the Knights of St. John granted the <i>whole</i> of the
+  New Temple, "totum messuagium nostrum vocatum Novum Templum," to Hugh le
+  Despencer the younger; describing it to be lying <i>between the house</i>
+  (hospicium) <i>of the Bishop of Exeter</i> towards the west, and the
+  house of Hugo de Courteneye towards the east. This shows manifestly that
+  if the Bishop of Exeter's house ever belonged to the Temple, it did not
+  at that time; and I am not aware of any earlier evidence proving that the
+  Templars ever possessed it.</p>
+
+  <p>I believe, though I have not seen the record, that, in the grant to
+  Sir William Paget, temp. Henry VI., it is described as the "Outer
+  Temple;" but I am inclined to think, from various circumstantial
+  testimonies, that it was merely so called because it was situate on the
+  <i>outside</i> of the Temple.</p>
+
+  <p>If any of your correspondents could illustrate this question, or that
+  more curious one,&mdash;when the new Temple was first divided between
+  Inner and Middle,&mdash;I should feel infinitely obliged.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.</h3>
+
+  <p>1. Can any of your readers give me any information regarding a work
+  which I find recorded in a catalogue thus:&mdash;<i>A Catalogue of above
+  300 Coins of Canute, King of Denmark and England, found near Kirkwall,
+  with Specimens.</i> 4to. London, 1777? I should like, if possible, to
+  have a copy of the title-page, the size, and the number of pages; and, if
+  possible, the name of the compiler.</p>
+
+  <p>2. I should like to find out the name of the translator into English,
+  of Pontoppidan's <i>Natural History of Norway</i>, published in folio in
+  London in 1755.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Can any of your readers oblige me with the name of the author of a
+  controversial sermon, entitled <i>Whigs no Christians</i>, preached at
+  London, on the anniversary of the martyrdom of King Charles, in 1712-13,
+  and published in the same year?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Boreas" class="grk">&Beta;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;&alpha;&sigmaf;</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>DUTCH BOOKS PUBLISHED OUT OF THE NETHERLANDS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Although the Dutch language is now regarded in foreign countries with
+  a neglect bordering on contempt, and its study, when attended to at all,
+  generally undertaken as a work of necessity rather than a labour of love,
+  I have thought it would not be without interest to examine to what extent
+  it was formerly cultivated (were it even chiefly by Dutchmen) in foreign
+  lands; to institute a search after the productions of the Dutch mind in
+  the Dutch language brought forth on foreign soils; in a word, to pass in
+  review the Dutch books which have been published in other countries
+  during the period included between the invention of printing and our own
+  days.</p>
+
+  <p>It appears to me that such a review would lead to much interesting
+  research, and would tend not only to illustrate our literature, but also
+  to clear up many points still obscure in our national, and more
+  especially in our ecclesiastical, history.</p>
+
+  <p>The review which I propose would be limited, in the first instance, to
+  the formation of an exact and complete list of such <i>exotic</i> works,
+  with the addition of such notes as I might be able to add. A more
+  experienced hand may then make use of these materials to form a more
+  perfect treatise on this portion of our literature.</p>
+
+  <p>In execution of this plan I have already compiled a list of names of
+  books and authors; these have been gathered partly from an examination of
+  the works themselves, partly from catalogues and other sources where such
+  works are mentioned. Now, however, as my resources are nearly exhausted,
+  and my labours by no means complete, I take the liberty to lay my plan
+  before those who may be disposed to concur with me, those who may be able
+  to procure me information, those who have the possession or the care of
+  libraries in which such books are to be found, and of which catalogues
+  have not been printed; and, for the end I have in view, I invite them all
+  to help me in the completion of my work. The editors of the
+  <i>Navorscher</i> have consented to open their columns to contributors.
+  To spare needless trouble, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
+  do not include any works published in <i>Belgium</i>, or in the colonies
+  now or formerly in our possession.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Martinus.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Amsterdam, March 11. 1851.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WHAT WAS THE COUNTRY OF THE ANGLES?</h3>
+
+  <p>What country was inhabited by the Angles before they occupied Britain?
+  Adam of Bremen (<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> c. 3.) says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Igitur Saxones primo circa Rhenum sedes habitant et vocati sunt Angli
+  quorum pars inde veniens in Britanniam, etc."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 327 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page327"></a>{327}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Notwithstanding the opinion of Turner, and most other historians, I
+  venture to offer a few facts in confirmation of the monk's testimony. 1.
+  The names of places on the Lower Rhine, and more especially in
+  Guelderland, point to an <i>Anglian</i> origin for instance,
+  <i>Engelanderholt</i>, <i>Engelenburg</i> and <i>Engelenberg</i>,
+  <i>Angerlo</i> olim <i>Angelerlo</i>. <i>Engeland</i>, near Beekbergen,
+  is mentioned in a charter<a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> dated 801 as <i>villa Englandi</i>.
+  Several other places bear the same name: two near Hardenberg, one in the
+  land of Putten, another in our parish; which also contains
+  <i>Henschoten</i> olim <i>Hengestschoten</i>, and owes its own name to
+  <i>Woden</i>. Near Nimwegen, we have <i>Horssen</i>. 2. Many local names
+  in the same district, which can only be explained by reference to the
+  A.-S. <i>Hulkestein</i> on the Zuyder Sea, <i>Hulkestein</i> near Arnhem,
+  from A.-S. <i>hulc</i>, a dwelling: thus, stone buildings, castles.
+  <i>Thri</i>, A.-S., three, is mentioned in a charter dated 855 as the
+  name of a villa, now the hamlet <i>Drie</i>, near Ermelo. <i>Hierd</i>
+  and <i>Heerd</i>, from A.-S. <i>hierde</i>, perhaps also <i>Hardewick</i>
+  or <i>Harderwyk</i> from the same. <i>Braclog</i>, a wood near
+  Engelanderholt, from <i>brac</i>, enemy, and <i>locen</i>, an enclosure,
+  is mentioned in a charter (801). <i>Luntern</i> and <i>Lunhorst</i>, from
+  A.-S. <i>Lun</i>, poor. <i>Wigmond</i>, from <i>wig</i>, war; and
+  <i>mund</i>, defence. <i>Culenburg</i>, from <i>ciol</i> or <i>ceol</i>,
+  a ship. <i>Klingelbeck</i>, near Arnhem, from <i>clingan</i>, to shrink
+  up. <i>Ysseloord</i> from <i>ord</i>, a point; and thus confluence of two
+  rivers, as we see also on the Rhine, <i>Roerort</i> and <i>Angerort.</i>
+  <i>Herwynen</i>, <i>Herveld</i>, <i>Hernen</i>, <i>Herwaarden</i>,
+  <i>Winden Delwynen</i>, <i>Sennewyn</i>, can be explained<a
+  name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> by A.-S.
+  <i>here</i> and <i>win</i>. 3. The agreement between the names of places
+  here, and those of every part of England occupied by the Angles. Out of a
+  great number of instances collected by Mr. Molhuysen (see Nyhoff's
+  <i>Bijdragen</i>, vol. iii.) I will take a few. In Kent we have
+  Appledore, Appleton, Appleby; here <i>Appeldorn</i>, <i>Appel</i>,
+  <i>Appeltern</i>, <i>Appelenburg</i> on the Wahal. Ashe and Ash;
+  <i>Asch</i>, near Buren, and others. Barne; <i>Bern</i> near Heusden, and
+  <i>Baarn</i> near Amersfoort. Barnefield; <i>Barneveld</i>. Bonington,
+  <i>Boningen</i>. Dover; <i>Doveren</i>. Gillingham; <i>Gellinchem</i>.
+  Hearne; <i>Hiern</i>, near Waardenburg. Herne; <i>Hernen</i>. Leisdon;
+  <i>Leusden</i>. Lone; <i>Loenen</i>. Sandwich; <i>Sandwyk</i>, near Tiel.
+  Watchorne; <i>Waghorn</i>, in the Velume. In Yorkshire: Beel; <i>De
+  Beele</i>, near Voorst. Byland; <i>Byland</i>. Campe; <i>Campen</i>.
+  Catwich; <i>Katwyk</i>. Dodworth; <i>Dodewaard</i>. Ecope; <i>Heicop</i>.
+  Grimestone; <i>Grimmestein</i>, on the Eem. Heck; <i>Eck</i>. Hampall;
+  <i>Empel</i>, near Engelen. Herfield; <i>Herveld</i>. Hewick;
+  <i>Ewyk</i>, &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;The evident similarity of names in
+  this list, which might be extended through several pages, affords at
+  least a strong presumption that a part of the land of our fathers is to
+  be sought here. I will just add that there is a MS. containing copies of
+  charters, registers, &amp;c., collected by Opstraeten van der Moelen, a
+  genealogist, who died in the early part of the seventeenth century, now
+  in the possession of Mr. Van Asch van Wyck. In this is an article
+  entitled "De Nobili et Antiqua Familia dicta Amersfoort seu potius
+  Heemsfurt vel Hemefurt a vado Heeme seu Hemi fluvii." The writer makes
+  mention of the well-known grant of Charlemagne to the cathedral of
+  Utrecht, by which Lisidunum (Leusden) and four forests on the banks of
+  the Eem were ceded to this church: <i>Hengestschoten</i>, <i>Fornese</i>,
+  <i>Mocoroth</i>, and <i>Widoc</i>. The writer considers the last-named
+  forest to be that of <i>Wede</i> or <i>Woden</i>; and derives thence the
+  family-name <i>Weede</i>. Concerning <i>Hengestschoten</i> is
+  remarked:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Hengist</i>, qui circum annum 450 Britanniam insulam cum suis
+  Frisonibus et Saxonibus occupat." And further: "Weede nomen adhunc
+  retinere videtur a <i>Woden</i>, qui fuit avus avi <i>Hengesti</i>, sicut
+  <i>Hengestschoten</i>, nune pr�dium dominorum Oestbroek, ab
+  <i>Hengisto</i> nominatur."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Henschoten was ceded to the abbey of Oestbroek in 1130, and sold at
+  the breaking up of the monasteries; and is now the property of Mr. Van
+  Asch van Wyck. Since, therefore, the above extract must have been written
+  before the Reformation, the belief that our forefathers proceeded from
+  this country is by no means new; and the evidence in its support is, I
+  think, stronger than that adduced by Turner and Lappenberg in favour of
+  an immigration from Sleswig; indeed it seems not improbable that the
+  first settlers, with <i>Hengist</i> at their head, sailed from the mouth
+  of the Eem. I have more to add in a future Number, if "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" can afford me space.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Woudenberg, April, 1851.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>Bondam's <i>Charter-boek</i>.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+  <p>See Gibson, <i>A.-S. Chron.</i></p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Villenage.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me at what
+  period villenage became extinct in this kingdom? I have now before me a
+  grant of a manor from the Crown, in the third and fourth year of the
+  reigns of King Philip and Queen Mary, conveying, amongst other goods and
+  chattels, the bondmen, bondwomen, and villeins, with their
+  sequels,&mdash;"Nativos, nativas, e villanos cum eoz sequelis." According
+  to Blackstone, the children of villeins were in the same state of bondage
+  with their parents; whence they were called, in Latin, "nativi," which
+  gave rise to the female appellation of a villein, who was called a
+  <i>neife</i>. What I wish to learn is, whether the old wording of Crown
+  grants had survived the <!-- Page 328 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page328"></a>{328}</span>existence of villenage; or whether bondage
+  was a reality in the reign of Philip and Mary; and if so, at what it
+  became extinct?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Workington.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Our correspondent's Query is an interesting one; but he does not seem
+  to be aware that in our First Vol., p. 139., Mr. <span class="sc">E.
+  Smirke</span> had given the names of three "bondmen of bloude" living
+  near Brighton in 1617.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Roman Roads near London.</i>&mdash;In the most ancient maps of
+  Middlesex that I have seen, there are no roads marked out. In a folio
+  coloured map of Middlesex, published by Bowen (the date of which is, I
+  think, 1709, although the same map has various dates, like those of
+  Speed, where the date only is altered several times), the roads are
+  introduced. A Roman road appears from the corner of the Tottenham Court
+  Road, where the Hampstead Road and the New Road now meet, running through
+  what must now be the Regent's Park, until it reaches Edgeware, and thence
+  to Brockley Hills, called Sulloniac�, an ancient city in Antonine's
+  <i>Itinerary</i>. The lanes marking this road are so different from the
+  other roads, as to show at once what is intended; and yet, either in this
+  same map or in another with the same route, Watling Street is printed
+  upon the highway that leads to Tyburn Turnpike, in a manner to show the
+  whole of that distance is meant. The Roman road from Tottenham Court,
+  after making its appearance in a variety of other maps up to a certain
+  date, about 1780, is nowhere to be found since, in any of the Middlesex
+  maps. Can any of your readers show by what authority this was first
+  introduced, and why discontinued; and if the Watling Street branched off,
+  upon its approach to London, where did the part crossing Oxford Street at
+  Tyburn lead to?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Francis-X.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Mrs. Catherine Barton.</i>&mdash;In Brewster's <i>Life of Sir Isaac
+  Newton</i>, p. 250., is the following passage:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This accomplished nobleman was created Earl of Halifax in 1700, and
+  after the death of his first wife he conceived a strong attachment for
+  Mrs. Catherine Barton, the widow of Colonel Barton, and the niece of
+  Newton."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I wish particularly to know the <i>maiden</i> name of this Catherine
+  Barton; she married Mr. Conduitt, who succeeded Sir I. Newton as Master
+  of the Mint.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. E. R. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Sampford, Braintree, April 7. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sempecta at Croyland.</i>&mdash;<span class="sc">Dr.
+  Maitland</span> has so kindly answered your correspondent's Query
+  respecting his work on Mesmerism, that I venture to ask him another,
+  through the medium of your pages. Where can be found the poem respecting
+  the old soldier monk at Croyland (or Sempecta, as Ingulphus calls him),
+  from which <span class="sc">Dr. M.</span> has given extracts in p. 305.
+  of his <i>Dark Ages</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. R. L.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Trin. Coll.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis&mdash;Roman
+  Medicine-stamps.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1st. Of the <span class="scac">DATE</span> when Schmidt published his
+  <i>Antiquitates Neomagensis</i>, and <span class="scac">WHERE</span>:
+  also in what libraries it is to be found?</p>
+
+  <p>2nd. Of the existence of any Roman medicine-stamps found in the
+  British Islands, as yet undescribed by those who have written on the
+  subject.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Q.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the Royal Navy.</i>&mdash;Is there
+  any probability that the <i>History of the Royal Navy</i>, begun by Sir
+  N.&nbsp;H. Nicolas, and carried by him to the reign of Henry V., will ever be
+  continued. It is a most valuable work, and was stopped by his lamented
+  death, just as it was beginning to be most interesting.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. N. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wooden Baldrocks.</i>&mdash;<i>Thanksgiving-book.</i>&mdash;In the
+  vestry-books of St. Peter's, Ruthin, co. Denbigh, there are some entries,
+  explanations of which will be very acceptable.</p>
+
+  <p>From 1683, and many subsequent years, there is a constant repetition
+  in the churchwarden's account of "Wooden Baldrocks," from time to time
+  supplied new to the parish.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1704, "A Thanksgiving-book" is charged in the parish accounts.</p>
+
+  <p>Query the use and nature of Baldrock? and what book is meant by a
+  Thanksgiving-book?</p>
+
+  <p>About the above period, continual payments are made for the
+  destruction of hedgehogs, which seem to be valued at sixpence a-piece, in
+  some cases fourpence; and to have been allowed in the parish
+  accounts.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Churchwarden</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>History of the Jesuits.</i>&mdash;Who was the author of <i>A
+  History of the Jesuits; to which is prefixed a Reply to Mr. Dallas's
+  Defence of that Order</i>. It was published in two volumes 8vo., London,
+  1816, by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. R. L.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Trin. Coll.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mind your P's and Q's.</i>&mdash;What is the origin of this phrase?
+  I have heard one solution of it, but wish to ascertain whether there is
+  any other?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. D. H.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mode of hiring Domestic Servants in
+  Holderness&mdash;Sittings&mdash;Fest.</i>&mdash;It is customary once a
+  year for men and women servants out of place to assemble in the market
+  places of Hedon and Patrington, the two chief towns in Holderness, and
+  there to await being hired. This very ancient custom is called Hedon
+  <i>Sittings</i> or <i>Statutes</i>. What is the name derived from? A
+  small sum of money given to each servant hired, is supposed to legalise
+  the contract, and is called the <i>Fest</i>. From what is the word
+  derived?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. R. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Home-made Wines.</i>&mdash;It is stated in <i>The Times</i> of this
+  morning (Feb. 17) that&mdash; <!-- Page 329 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page329"></a>{329}</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We know from old chronicles that most of the wine drank by
+  Englishmen, under the Plantagenets, was of home production."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can any, and if so what, authority be shown for this statement?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sn.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Inscription on a Clock.</i>&mdash;Under the curious clock in Exeter
+  Cathedral are inscribed these words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="scac">PEREUNT ET IMPUTANTUR</span>, sc. hor�."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I have been told that they are the concluding words of a longer
+  inscription on some foreign clock. Can any of your readers tell me if
+  they be so?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Hewett.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Inscription on the Tomb of Peter the Hermit.</i>&mdash;At Huy, on
+  the Meuse, is shown the tomb where Peter the Hermit was buried: it is in
+  the shape of an obelisk, and has an inscription on each of the four
+  sides. Of this inscription, which is curious, and which I copied when I
+  was there, I have lost the greater part: can one of your correspondents
+  supply it for me, or tell where the lines are originally to be found, as
+  I fancy they are adapted to, and not made for, the monument.</p>
+
+  <p>The part of the inscription which I have runs as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">(<span class="scac">INSCRIPTION.</span>)</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Soldat du Pape Urbain, aux cris de 'Dieu le veut,'</p>
+      <p class="i2">Il a pr�cipit� l'Europe sur l'Asie;</p>
+      <p class="i2">Le p�ril arriv�, sa sainte frenesie</p>
+      <p>N'a plus trouv� qu'un cri arrive 'Sauve qui peut.'</p>
+      <p class="i8">Dieu,</p>
+      <p>L'intol�rant l'outrage, insulte � sa grandeur,</p>
+      <p>Tel masque qu'il affecte, il n'est qu'une imposteur."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Another two-lined motto is headed "Les Illusions;" and a third, "La
+  Libert�;" but neither these, nor a longer one (which I fancy introduces
+  the names of Moli�re, Rousseau, and F�n�lon), am I able to quote.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. A. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wife of James Torre.</i>-James Torre, the Yorkshire antiquary,
+  married for his first wife Elizabeth Lincolne (see <i>Ducatus Leod.</i>,
+  p. 119. Whitaker's ed.); can any one inform me who was that lady's
+  father, and if there is any pedigree known of the family?</p>
+
+  <p>I have little doubt that the Rev. William Lincolne, rector of Halton,
+  Lincolnshire, mentioned by Walker, in his <i>Sufferings of the
+  Clergy</i>, b. ii. p. 295., was of the same family.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock</span>, Jun.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bottesford Moors.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"The Bear's Bible."</i>&mdash;In the library of Queen's College,
+  Oxon, is a copy of the Spanish version of the Bible, by Cassiod. Reyna
+  (1569), with the following inscription:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Ampliss. Antistiti. ac D�o R<sup>mo</sup> D. Edmundo Grindalo,
+  archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, et totius Angli� primati digniss. <i>Ob
+  erepta hujus Hispanic� versionis sacrorum librorum Scripta ex hostium
+  manibus</i> Cassiodorus Reinius ejusdem versionis author gratitudinis
+  ergo et in perpetu� observanti� pignus D.D.D."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>What are the circumstances here alluded to?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. H. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Harris, Painter in Water-Colours.</i>&mdash;Some friends of mine
+  have a large paper copy of the edition of the Bible, published in 1802,
+  by Messrs. Nicoll, of Pall-Mall, and known as "Reeves' Bible," which is
+  adorned with a large number of small original drawings in water-colour by
+  "J. Harris, of Walworth, Surrey." I should be obliged if any of your
+  correspondents can give me any information respecting Mr. Harris, and can
+  tell me whether he is still living. The drawings were made before the
+  year 1819.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. C. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>University Hoods.</i>&mdash;The Scotch universities of Aberdeen,
+  St. Andrew's, and Glasgow had, before the Reformation, or before the
+  Revolution rather, hoods for the several degrees of M.A., D.D., LL.D.,
+  and D.C.L. What these were, is a question which it is now very difficult
+  to determine; but this much is known, that the hoods of Aberdeen were
+  identical with those of Paris, those of St. Andrew's with those of
+  Louvain, and those of Glasgow with those of Bologna. The Revolution,
+  however, has done much to obliterate the traces of even the Parisian
+  hoods, and the M.A. hood of Paris is all that has hitherto rewarded the
+  researches of the university antiquary. Can any of your readers assist in
+  the somewhat interesting investigation by endeavouring to discover, or
+  informing us if they already know, what were the hoods of the
+  universities of Paris, Louvain, and Bologna, for the several degrees I
+  have enumerated.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. A. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Nullis Fraus tuta latebris."</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents favour me with a reference to the above motto?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Voltaire, where situated?</i>&mdash;The "<i>terre</i>," hamlet, or
+  other <i>property</i> of <i>Voltaire</i>, from which the French poet took
+  the addition to his paternal name of Arouet,&mdash;where situated? That
+  there is, or at least was, in Voltaire's time, such an estate,
+  Condorcet's statement (<i>vide</i> Voltaire) makes apparent. But the
+  locality is not pointed out. Can any of your correspondents help me to
+  it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">V.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Table of Prohibited Degrees, 1563.</i>&mdash;By the 99th canon of
+  the Church of England the "table of prohibited degrees" set forth by
+  authority in 1563 is ordered to "be in every church publicly set up and
+  fixed at the charge of the parish." Is this usually done now? and if not,
+  why is it omitted to be done?</p>
+
+  <p>What is the authority for the insertion of the Canons, or the
+  Articles, or the table of the <!-- Page 330 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page330"></a>{330}</span>prohibited degrees found in the Book of
+  Common Prayer?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. O. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Launcelot Lyttleton.</i>&mdash;I shall be greatly obliged to any
+  genealogist who can tell me who was that Launcelot Lyttleton, a Lichfield
+  gentleman, whose eldest laughter, Mary, married the Hon. Francis Roper,
+  and became the mother of the fourteenth Lord Teynham. Was this Launcelot
+  a descendant of Sir Edward Lyttleton, temp. Eliz., who married a daughter
+  of Sir William Devereux?</p>
+
+  <p>I could answer my own question by an inspection of the "Roper Roll;"
+  but unfortunately that is in Ireland, and I may not soon discover the
+  address of its possessor.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. G. R. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Erechtheum.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Antediluvians.</i>&mdash;Can you or any of your learned
+  correspondents inform me of any work likely to assist me in my researches
+  into the antediluvian history of our race? The curious treatise of
+  Reimmanus, and the erudite essay of J. Joachimus Maderus, I have now
+  before me; but it occurs to me that, besides these and the more patent
+  sources of information, such as Bruckerus and Josephus, there must be
+  other, and perhaps more modern, works which may be more practically
+  useful. Perhaps the author of the elegant essay on the subject in
+  <i>Eruvin</i> may be able to refer to such a a work.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. A. J.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries Answered.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Wither's Haleluiah.</i>&mdash;Mr. R. A. Willmott, in his <i>Lives
+  of Sacred Poets</i>, has done himself credit by doing justice to George
+  Wither, and vindicating his claims as poet, whom it has long been the
+  fashion to underrate, but who Southey said "had the heart and soul of a
+  poet in him."&mdash;(<i>Life</i>, iii. 126.)</p>
+
+  <p>In the <i>Life</i>, Mr. Willmott says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In 1641 appeared the <i>Haleluiah, or Britain's Second
+  Remembrancer</i> ... which book, now as scarce as the first
+  <i>Remembrancer</i> is common, I have not seen."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is therefore very probable that the work is seldom to be met with.
+  I have a copy, but it is unfortunately imperfect; wanting a few leaves
+  (only a few I imagine) at the end. There is no index, nor table of
+  contents, by which I might ascertain the extent of the deficiency. The
+  last page is 478, and contains a portion of Hymn 60, part iii. If any
+  reader of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" would kindly inform
+  me what is the number of pages of the work, and where a copy may be seen,
+  he will oblige</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. S. S.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The work consists of 487 pages, with an index of twelve more. A copy
+  of it in in the Library of the British Museum.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Voltaire's Henriade.</i>&mdash;Is it known who is the author of the
+  English translation of this poem into blank verse, published in 1732. The
+  preface and the notes create a desire to know the author. In one of the
+  notes (17) he speaks of something as being "proved at large in my
+  <i>History of Christianity</i> now ready for the press." I am not aware
+  that any such work exists. Was it ever published? If not what became of
+  the manuscript?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. T. D.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Voltaire's <i>Henriade</i> was translated by John Lockman, a
+  gentleman of great literary industry, who died Feb. 2, 1771. See
+  Nichols's <i>Bowyer</i>, and Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>. A
+  list of his published works will be found in Watt's <i>Bibliotheca
+  Britan</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Christ-Crosse A.</i>&mdash;In Tatham's <i>Fancie's Theater</i>,
+  12mo., 1640, is a poem in praise of sack, wherein the following lines
+  occur:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The very children, ere they scarce can say</p>
+      <p>Their Pater Noster, or their <i>Christ-crosse A</i>,</p>
+      <p>Will to their Parents prattle, and desire</p>
+      <p>To taste that Drinke which Gods doe so admire."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Can any of your readers inform me the meaning of "<i>Christ-Crosse
+  A</i>" here mentioned? Does it allude to some alphabet then in use?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cato</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The alphabet was so designated, because in the old primers a cross
+  was prefixed to it. Nares tells us that in French it was called <i>Croix
+  de par Dieu</i>; and upon reference to Cotgrave for an expression of that
+  term we find, "The Christ's-cross-row; or the hornbook wherein a child
+  learns it."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Apple-pie Order.</i>&mdash;<i>Spick and Span new.</i>&mdash;My wife
+  very much grudges my spending threepence a week for the "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>", and threatens me with stopping the
+  allowance unless I obtain from some of your correspondents answers to the
+  two following Queries:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1. What is the origin of the phrase "Apple-pie order?"</p>
+
+  <p>2. Ditto&mdash;of "Spick and span new?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jerry Sneak</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We leave to some of our friends the task of answering the first of
+  the Queries which our correspondent has put to us by desire of his
+  "better-half."</p>
+
+  <p>There is much curious illustration of the phrase <i>Spick and Span</i>
+  in Todd's <i>Johnson</i>, s. v. <i>Spick</i>: and Nares in his
+  <i>Glossary</i> says, "<i>Span-newe</i> is found in Chaucer:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'This tale was aie <i>span-newe</i> to begin.'&mdash;<i>Troil. and Cres.</i>, iii. 1671.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It is therefore of good antiquity in the language, and not having been
+  taken from the French may best be referred to the Saxon, in which
+  <i>spannan</i> means to stretch. Hence <i>span-new</i> is fresh from the
+  <i>stretchers</i>, or frames, alluding to cloth, a very old manufacture
+  of the country; and <i>spick</i> and <i>span</i> is fresh from the spike,
+  or tenter, and frames. This is Johnson's derivation, and I cannot but
+  think it preferable to any other."</p>
+
+  <p>A very early instance of the expression, not quoted by Todd, may be
+  found in the <i>Romance of Alexander</i>: <!-- Page 331 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page331"></a>{331}</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Richelich he doth him schrede</p>
+      <p>In <i>spon-neowe</i> knightis weode."&mdash;L. 4054-5.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And <i>Weber</i>, in his <i>Glossary</i> (or rather, Mr. Douce, for
+  the "D" appended to the note shows it to have proceeded from that
+  accomplished antiquary), explains it, "<i>Spon-neowe</i>, span-new, newly
+  spun. This is probably the true explanation of spick and span new. Ihre
+  renders sping-spang, <i>plane novus</i>, in voce fick fack." The learned
+  Jamieson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, s. v. <i>Split-new</i> (which
+  corresponds to the German <i>Splitter neu</i>, i. e. as new as a splinter
+  or chip from the block), shows, at greater length than we can quote, that
+  <i>split</i> and <i>span</i> equally denote a splinter or chip; and in
+  his <i>Supplement</i>, s. v. <i>Spang-new</i>, after pointing out the
+  connexion between <i>spinga</i> (assula) and <i>spaungha</i> (lamina),
+  shows that, if this be the original, the allusion must be to metal newly
+  wrought, that has, as it were, the gloss from the fire on it: in short,
+  that the epithet is the same as one equally familiar to us, i. e.
+  <i>fire-new</i>, Germ. <i>vier-neu</i>. We will bring this note to a
+  close by a reference to Sewell's <i>Dutch Dictionary</i>, where
+  <i>Spiksp�lder nieuw</i> is rendered "Spick and span new."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Theory of the Earth's Form.</i>&mdash;Have any objections to the
+  received theory of the earth's spherical form, or any revival of the old
+  "plane" doctrine, been recently noticed and controverted by
+  <i>scientific</i> men of known standing?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bruno</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The old theory has been advanced, and even lectured on, within these
+  two years; but no notice has been taken of it by scientific men.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Carolus Lawson.</i>&mdash;Who was "Carolus Lawson," of whom I have
+  a good print, engraved by Heath. He is called "Schol� Mancuniensis
+  Archididascalus," 1797. "Pietas alumnorum" is inscribed underneath, and
+  on the back is written, probably by some grateful pupil&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Cari propinqui, cari liberi, cari parentes, sed omnes omnium
+  caritates <i>Archididascalus noster</i>
+  comprehendit."&mdash;<i>Cicero</i> (verbis quibusdam mutatis).</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Mr. Charles Lawson was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford,
+  and was presented by the president, Dr. Randolph, in 1749, to the place
+  of Second Master of Manchester Grammar School; upon the death of Mr.
+  Purnell, in 1764, he succeeded him as Head Master. The colleges of St.
+  John, in Cambridge, and of Brazenose, in Oxford, can bear witness to the
+  success with which he laboured for more than half a century in his
+  profession, having received from the Manchester school, whilst under his
+  direction, a very considerable number of well-grounded classical
+  scholars. He died at Manchester on April 19, 1807, aged seventy-nine.
+  Some further particulars respecting him may be found in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lxxvii. part i. p. 583.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>HAYBANDS IN SEALS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., pp. 186. 248. 291.)</p>
+
+  <p>I am sorry that in referring to a peculiarity in ancient seals under
+  this title, <span class="sc">Mr. Lower</span> should have pinned to his
+  notice a theory which I feel persuaded is quite untenable. It is surely
+  something new to those who have directed their attention to the numerous
+  devices upon seals to find that the husbandman had so low an opinion of
+  his own social status as to reject the use of any emblematical sign upon
+  his seal, when Thomas the smith, Roger the carpenter, and William the
+  farrier, bore the elements of their respective crafts as proudly as the
+  knight did his chevron or fess. But the question is one of facts. The
+  following examples of the use of the "hayband" are now before
+  me:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>6 June, 7 Henry IV. Grant by John Dursley, citizen and armorer of
+  London, to William Serjaunt Taverner, of Stanes, and another, of a
+  messuage, &amp;c. in Westminster. Seal of dark red was, about 1� inch in
+  diameter; a hay-stalk twisted and pressed into the wax while hot,
+  inclosing a space as large as a shilling, in which is a poor impression
+  of a badly engraved seal; the whole very clumsy and rough.</p>
+
+  <p>26 November, 24 Henry VI. Grant by Maurice Brune, Knight, Robert
+  Darcy, John Doreward, Henry Clovill, Esquire, John Grene, and Henry
+  Stampe, to Richard Hill and others, of lands, &amp;c., in Sprinfield,
+  &amp;c., in Essex. Each seal is round and thick, and has the impression
+  of a small armorial bearing. The 1st, 2nd, and 5th seals have a small
+  plaited coil of hay pressed into the wax, and inclosing the
+  impression.</p>
+
+  <p>26 Henry VI. Receipt by Jane Grene for 10<i>l.</i> paid her by the
+  Earl of Ormond. Seal of diminutive size, and the impression nearly
+  defaced. Round the extreme edge is a "diminutive hayband."</p>
+
+  <p>2 January, 34 Henry VI. Grant by Thomas Tudenham, Knight, John
+  Leventhorp, Esquire, and Thomas Radclyff, of the reversion of the manor
+  of Newhall to John Neell and others. All the seals, which are large and
+  thick and more than two inches in diameter, have the impression of a
+  signet ring inclosed with a "hayband" <i>of parchment</i> pressed into
+  them. One of these coils being loose shows itself to be a thin strip of
+  the label itself brought through the wax.</p>
+
+  <p>10 February, 14 Edward IV. Lease by Sir Thomas Urswyk, Knight, Chief
+  Baron of the Exchequer, and Thomas Lovell, to John Morton and others, of
+  the manor of Newhall, Essex, and other lands, &amp;c. The seal of Lovell
+  has his armorial bearings and legend; that of the Lord Chief Baron is the
+  impression of a signet ring, being a classical bust. The seal itself is a
+  thick ball of wax about <!-- Page 332 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page332"></a>{332}</span>two inches across, pressed into the face
+  of which is a "hayband" or twisted coil of <i>thin parchment</i>
+  inclosing the impression.</p>
+
+  <p>I am sure that I have seen many examples much earlier and later, but
+  those given are merely in reference to the theory of your Lewes
+  correspondent. Even they are surely inconsistent with the idea of the
+  practice being peculiar to any locality or distinctive of any class. My
+  recollection would lead me to assign the fourteenth to the sixteenth
+  centuries as the period of its use. But still the question
+  remains&mdash;Has it any, and what signification? I have always
+  considered it to have been a contrivance to strengthen the substance of
+  the seal itself. The earliest instances I have seen were "appliqu�"
+  seals, such as the royal privy seals, and with these it would seem to
+  have originated. Their frail nature suggested the use of some substance
+  to protect the thin layer of wax from damage by the crumpling of the
+  parchment on which they were impressed. For some time its use was
+  confined to this kind of seal; and fashion may perhaps have extended the
+  practice to pendent seals, where, however, it was often efficacious in
+  neutralising the bad quality of the wax so general in the fifteenth and
+  sixteenth centuries. The plaiting of the hay or straw sometimes assumed a
+  fanciful shape. Although the impressions of seals of the time of Henry
+  VII. are often very bad, there are generally traces of their existence;
+  these may perhaps be discovered in <span class="sc">Mr. Lower's</span>
+  seals if he looks more to the enclosure than to the substance forming
+  it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Joseph Burtt</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Haybands in Seals.</i>&mdash;<span class="sc">M.&nbsp;A. Lower</span>
+  thinks that <span class="sc">Mr. T. Hudson Turner</span> has misapplied
+  his description of the seals in his possession. The seals are not
+  <i>impressed upon haybands</i>, neither do "some ends of the hay or straw
+  protrude from the surface." The little fillet or wreath of hay, about
+  equal in diameter to a shilling, is <i>inlaid</i> upon the pendent lump
+  of wax, and forms the ornament or device of the seal, rather than an
+  integral portion of it, like that in the specimens referred to by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Turner</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">M. A. Lower</span> begs, under favour, to add, that
+  the very fact of a Query being inserted in the pages of this
+  invaluable&mdash;one might almost say indispensable&mdash;publication,
+  implies a candid avowal <i>pro tanto</i> of ignorance on the part of the
+  Querist, who might reasonably expect a plain answer, unaccompanied by any
+  ungracious reflection on the side of the more highly-gifted <i>savant</i>
+  that furnished the reply. As a simple matter of taste, many other
+  correspondents besides <span class="sc">Mark Antony Lower</span> may
+  probably object, like the latter's eminent namesake, Mr. Tony Weller, to
+  being "pulled up so wery short," especially in cases where there is a
+  clear misapprehension on the part of the respondent.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Haybands in Seals.</i>&mdash;It is impossible for one moment to
+  doubt the correctness of <span class="sc">Mr. Hudson Turner's</span>
+  remarks on this question, and I hasten to retract my own suggestions,
+  frankly acknowledging them to be erroneous.</p>
+
+  <p>I had always taken the same view as <span class="sc">Mr. Turner</span>
+  (for it is very palpable to the eye, and speaks for itself), till
+  diverted from it by one of those sudden fancies which, spite of all
+  caution, will ever and anon unaccountably cross the mind and bewilder the
+  better judgment. To have established my view, these rushes should have
+  been proved to be affixed to deeds of <i>feoffment alone</i>; a point
+  which, at the moment, I overlooked. Even while I write, I have before me
+  a <i>lease</i> granted by the abbey of Denney in the fifteenth century,
+  with a rush in the seal; and <span class="sc">Mr. Turner's</span> cited
+  instances of royal charters put an end to all question.</p>
+
+  <p>Lest others be led astray by my freak of fancy, without an opportunity
+  of correcting it by <span class="sc">Mr. Turner's</span> statement, the
+  proper course for me is to acknowledge myself wrong&mdash;palpably,
+  unmistakeably wrong,&mdash;<span class="sc">Mr. Turner's</span>
+  explanation is the correct one; thanks to him for it&mdash;<i>liberavi
+  animam meam</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L. B. L.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>NORTH SIDE OF CHURCHYARDS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., pp. 93. 253.; Vol. iii., p. 125.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondents on this subject have generally taken it as
+  granted, that the prejudice against burying in this portion of the
+  churchyard is almost universal. In a former communication (Vol. ii., p.
+  93.) I stated that there are at least some exceptions. Since that time I
+  have visited perhaps a hundred churchyards in the counties of York,
+  Derby, Stafford, Bucks, Herts, and Oxford, and in nearly half of these
+  burial had evidently been long since practised on the north side of the
+  several churches. The parish church of Ashby de la Zouch is built so near
+  the south wall of the churchyard, that the north must clearly have been
+  designed for sepulture. I was incumbent of an ancient village church in
+  that neighbourhood, which is built in the same manner, with scarcely any
+  ground on the south, the north being large and considerably raised by the
+  numerous interments which have taken place in it. It has also some old
+  tombs, which ten years ago were fast falling to decay. The part south of
+  the church contains very few graves, and all apparently of recent
+  date.</p>
+
+  <p>In my former communication I mentioned, that in this churchyard burial
+  has been chiefly, till of late, on the north side of the church; and,
+  since that communication, a vault has been made on the south side, which
+  has convinced us the ground had never before been there broken up. The
+  soil is chalk; whereas, whenever a grave is made on the north side, human
+  dust and bones are so <!-- Page 333 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page333"></a>{333}</span>abundant, that the chalk soil has almost
+  lost its nature.</p>
+
+  <p>Till more light can be thrown on the subject than what has yet
+  appeared in "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," I cannot but
+  retain my original opinion, viz., that the favourite part of interment,
+  in earlier times, was that nearest the principal entrance into the
+  church. The original object of burying in churches and churchyards was
+  the better to insure for the dead the prayers of the worshippers, as they
+  assembled for public devotion. Hence the churchyard nearest the entrance
+  into church would be most in request. The origin of the prejudice for the
+  south side, which I believe to be of recent date, may, I doubt not, be
+  ascertained from any superstitious cottager who entertains it. "It would
+  be so cold, sir," said one to me, "to be always lying where the sun would
+  never shine on me."</p>
+
+  <p>If your correspondent on this subject in Vol. iii., p. 125., would ask
+  an old inhabitant of his parish which is the <i>backside</i> of their
+  church, and why it is so called? he would probably come at the fact. I
+  would refer him to Burn's <i>History of Parish Registers</i>, page 96.,
+  foot-note, where he will find it stated that "a part of the churchyard
+  was sometimes left unconsecrated, for the purpose of burying
+  excommunicated persons."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Hastings Kelke</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Drayton Beauchamp.</p>
+
+  <p><i>North Side of Churchyards.</i>&mdash;Your correspondents seem to be
+  agreed as to the facts, not as to the origin of the objection. I suspect
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Hawker</span> (Vol. ii., p. 253.) is nearest the
+  truth; and the following, from <i>Coverdale on Praying for the Dead</i>,
+  may help to strengthen his conjecture:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As men die, so shall they arise: <i>if in faith</i> in the Lord
+  <i>towards the south</i>, they need no prayers; they are presently happy,
+  and shall arise in glory: <i>if in unbelief</i> without the Lord
+  <i>towards the north</i>, then are they past all hope."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">N. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>North Side of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 253. 346.).&mdash;The
+  subjoined extract from Bishop Wilkins's <i>Discourse concerning a New
+  Planet, tending to prove that it is probable our Earth is one of the
+  Planets</i>, 8vo., 1640, pp. 64-66., will serve to illustrate the passage
+  from Milton, of the north being "the devoted region of Satan and his
+  hosts:"</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It was the opinion of the Jewish rabbies, that man was created with
+  his face to the east; therefore the Hebrew word signifies <i>ante</i>, or
+  the east; <i>post</i>, or the west; <i>dextra</i>, or the south;
+  <i>sinistra</i>, or the north. You may see all of them put together in
+  that place of Job xxiii. 8, 9.: 'Behold I go forward, and he is not
+  there; and backward, but I cannot perceive him: on the left hand, where
+  he doth work, but I cannot behold him. He hideth himself on the right
+  hand, that I cannot see him.' Which expressions are, by some
+  interpreters, referred unto the four coasts of heaven, according to the
+  common use of those original words. From hence it is that many of the
+  ancients have concluded hell to be in the north, which is signified by
+  the left hand; unto which side, our Saviour tells us, that the goats
+  shall be divided. Which opinion likewise seems to be favoured by that
+  place in Job xxvi. 6, 7., where it is said, "Hell is naked before God,
+  and destruction hath no covering.' And presently it is added, 'He
+  stretcheth out the north over the empty place.' Upon these grounds, St.
+  Jerome interprets that speech of the Preacher, Eccles. xi. 3.: 'If the
+  tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the
+  tree falleth, there shall it be,' concerning those who shall go either to
+  heaven or hell. And in this sense also do some expound that of Zechariah
+  (xiv. 4.), where it is said that 'the Mount of Olives shall cleave in the
+  midst: half of it shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward
+  the south.' By which it is intimated, that amongst those Gentiles, who
+  shall take upon them the profession of Christ, there are two sorts: some
+  that go to the north, that is, to hell; and others to the south, that is,
+  to heaven. And therefore it is, say they, that God so often threatens
+  evil out of the north: and upon this ground it is, saith Besoldus, that
+  there is no religion that worships that way. We read of the Mahometans,
+  that they adore towards the south; the Jews towards the west; Christians
+  towards the east; but none to the <i>north</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. Y.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hoxton.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE ROLLIAD, AND SOME OF ITS WRITERS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 276.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner</span> asks for information
+  regarding three writers in the <i>Rolliad</i>, viz.: Tickell, Richardson,
+  and Fitzpatrick. Memoirs of the first two are given in Chalmers's
+  <i>Dictionary</i>; but in Moore's <i>Life of Sheridan</i>, <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Turner</span> will find several notices of them, far more
+  attractive than dry biographical details. They were both intimately
+  associated with Sheridan; Tickell, indeed, was his brother-in-law. One
+  would prefer calling them his <i>friends</i>, but steady friendship must
+  rest upon a firmer basis than those gifts of wit, talent, and a keen
+  sense of the ridiculous, which prevailed so largely amongst this clever
+  trio.</p>
+
+  <p>Tickell's production, <i>Anticipation</i>, is still remembered from
+  its cleverness and humour; but when every speaker introduced into its
+  pages has long been dead, and some of them were little known to fame, the
+  pamphlet is preserved by a few solely from the celebrity which it once
+  possessed.</p>
+
+  <p>His death in 1793 was a most melancholy one. It is described by
+  Professor Smyth in in his interesting <i>Memoir of Sheridan</i>, a book
+  printed some years ago for distribution among his friends, and which well
+  deserves publication.</p>
+
+  <p>Independent of his contributions to the <i>Rolliad</i>, <!-- Page 334
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page334"></a>{334}</span>Richardson did
+  little as an author. His comedy of <i>The Fugitive</i>, acted and
+  published in 1792, was well received, and is much praised. Why has this
+  production so completely disappeared?</p>
+
+  <p>General Fitzpatrick was born in 1749, and died in 1815. He was the
+  second son of John, Earl of Upper Ossory; twice Secretary-at-War; once
+  secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Portland, but
+  what he regarded as his highest distinction, and it is recorded on his
+  tomb, was the friendship of Fox during forty years of their lives.</p>
+
+  <p>Some of his speeches on the union with Ireland will be found in the
+  thirty-fourth volume of the <i>Parliamentary History</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>His epitaph, by himself, is inscribed on a sarcophagus in the
+  church-yard at Sunning Hill, in which he describes himself&mdash;what his
+  friends admitted to be truth&mdash;a politician without ambition, a
+  writer without vanity.</p>
+
+  <p>Which is the true reading in the following lines by Fitzpatrick on
+  Fox? In my copy the word "course" in the third line is erased, and the
+  word "mind" is substituted.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"A patriot's even course he steered,</p>
+      <p>Mid Faction's wildest storms unmoved:</p>
+      <p>By all who marked his <i>course</i> revered,</p>
+      <p>By all who knew his heart beloved."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Sheridan says most justly:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Wit being generally founded upon the manners and characters of its
+  own day, is crowned in that day, beyond all other exertions of the mind,
+  with splendid and immediate success. But there is always something that
+  equalises. In return, more than any other production, it suffers suddenly
+  and irretrievably from the hand of Time."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Still some publications, from their wit and brilliancy, are
+  sufficiently buoyant to float down to posterity. The publication in
+  question, the <i>Rolliad</i>, is one; the <i>Anti-Jacobin</i> another.
+  You may not be unwilling, in your useful pages, to give a list of some of
+  the writers in the latter publication. My own copy of it is marked from
+  that belonging to one of the writers, and is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Nos. 1. 4. 9. 19. 26, 27&mdash;33., by Mr George Ellis.</p>
+      <p>Nos. 6. and 7., by Messrs. Ellis and Frere.</p>
+      <p>Nos. 20, 21, 22. 30&mdash;36., by Mr. Canning.</p>
+      <p>No. 10. by M.; No. 13. by C. B.; No. 39. by N.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>To the remaining numbers, neither names nor initials are affixed. Can
+  any of your readers explain the initials, M., C.&nbsp;B., and N., and give us
+  the authors of the <i>remaining</i> numbers?</p>
+
+  <p>In replying to Mr. <span class="sc">Turner's</span> Queries, I shall
+  attend to the wish expressed by so old and so valued a friend, and
+  substitute for initials, of which he disapproves, the name of</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Markland</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>RICHARDSON&mdash;TICKELL&mdash;FITZPATRICK.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 276.)</p>
+
+  <p>I am much surprised at <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner's</span>
+  inquiry about these names. I will not say with him that, "not to know
+  them argues himself unknown." On the contrary, my wonder is, that one,
+  himself so well and so favourably known as <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Turner</span>, should have need to ask such a question about men with
+  whom, or, at least, with whose fame, he must have been a contemporary,
+  presuming, as I do, that he is the same <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson
+  Turner</span> with whose works we have been acquainted for above half a
+  century. Since, however, he has made the Query, I will answer it as
+  succinctly as I can.</p>
+
+  <p>The Right Honourable Richard Fitzpatrick was the only brother of the
+  last Earl of Upper Ossory, and prominent in fashion, in politics, and in
+  elegant literature, and not undistinguished as a soldier. He sat in
+  <i>nine</i> successive parliaments (in two which I knew him). As early as
+  1782 he was Secretary for Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary-at-War, which
+  office he again filled in 1806. In the galaxy of opposition wits, when
+  opposition was wittiest, Fitzpatrick was generally admitted to be the
+  first, and there were those who thought him <i>in general powers</i>
+  superior even to Fox and Sheridan. His oratory, however, did not do
+  justice to his talents, and he was both shy and indolent. His best speech
+  was that in December, 1796, for the release of Lafayette, to which even
+  the ridicule of the <i>Anti-Jacobin</i> allowed the merit of pathetic
+  eloquence. His share in the <i>Rolliad</i> was considerable, and there
+  are many other sprightly and some elegant specimens of his poetical
+  talents scattered through various publications. I wish they were
+  collected.</p>
+
+  <p>Richard Tickell, the grandson of Addison's friend, and brother-in-law
+  to Sheridan, was the author of <i>Anticipation</i>, one of the liveliest
+  political pamphlets ever written. He published many occasional poems, the
+  best of which is a poetical "Epistle from Charles Fox, partridge
+  shooting, to Lord John Townsend, cruising." <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson
+  Turner</span> will find more about him in the <i>Biographical
+  Dictionary</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Joseph Richardson, who died in 1803, was M.P. for Newport in three
+  parliaments. He was an intimate friend of Sheridan's, and partner with
+  him in Drury Lane Theatre. He wrote a play, entitled <i>The Fugitive</i>;
+  but he is only remembered for his contributions (whatever they were) to
+  the <i>Rolliad</i>. In the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> (vol. lxxiii. p.
+  602.), <span class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner</span> will find a longer
+  notice of him.</p>
+
+  <p>There are a few remarks on the authors of the <i>Rolliad</i> in
+  Moore's <i>Life of Sheridan</i>, i. 420.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 335 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page335"></a>{335}</span></p>
+
+<h3>QUAKERS' ATTEMPT TO CONVERT THE POPE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 302.)</p>
+
+  <p>I have never met with any satisfactory account of this singular Quaker
+  aggression. Perhaps it may be a contribution towards one if you can find
+  room for some notice of a tract in my possession. It is entitled, <i>A
+  Narrative of some of the Sufferings of J.&nbsp;P. in the City of Rome. London,
+  printed for Thomas Simmons, at the Bull and Mouth, near Aldersgate</i>,
+  1661, 4to., pp. 16. This narrative of John Perrot's does not, however,
+  give any particulars respecting his going to Rome, or the proceedings
+  which led to his captivity there, but begins with the words&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"When I was cast into Prison, because I loved the souls of my
+  enemies," &amp;c.;</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>and after eight pages, chiefly occupied by inflated description of his
+  sorrows, from which one obtains no facts, he tells us that God took pity
+  on him,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"And raised up his little babe, my dear Brother Thomas Hart, to set
+  his tender soul nearer unto my sufferings, and made him take my burdens
+  on his back, and the yoak of my tribulation on his neck, and made him sup
+  of my sore sorrows, and drink of the bleedings of my grief,'&mdash;</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>and so he goes on; but we do not learn what Thomas Hart did, except
+  that he comforted John Perrot in his confinement.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Moreover," he says, "the everlasting mercies of my God did stir up
+  the bowels of other two of his tender babes, named in the tent Jane
+  Stokes and Charles Baylie, to come to visit me whilest I was as forsaken
+  of all men."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>They persevered, he tells us,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"in their pilgrimage until they arrived to Rome, where C.&nbsp;B. offered
+  his life to ransom me, and both of them entered into captivity for the
+  love which they bore to my life."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>His <i>Narrative</i> (strictly speaking) contains no further
+  information, but that at the bottom of the tenth page it is dated and
+  signed,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Written in Rome Prison of Madmen. JOHN."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The remaining six pages of the pamphlet consist of a letter from
+  Charles Baylie, giving an account of his pilgrimage with Jane Stokes,
+  from Dover to Calais, Paris, Marseilles, Genoa, until</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Arriving," he says, "safe at Rome, we were drawn in our lives
+  directly to the place where the dearly beloved J.&nbsp;P. was, and coming to
+  the prison door, I enquired for him, and having answer of his being
+  there, I desired for to speak with him, but it would not be permitted us;
+  So it was said in me, <i>Write unto him</i>, which I did, the which he
+  answered us in the fulness of love, which refreshed us after our weary
+  steps; For our souls were refreshed one in another, though one another's
+  faces we had never seen to the outward, and then we being kept in a holy
+  fear not to do nor act one way nor other, but as we were moved of the
+  Lord, least we should add to his bonds,&mdash;I say, being thus kept, we
+  were delivered out of the snare of the fowler, who secretly lay in wait
+  to betray our innocency; And after a little time the Lord showed me I
+  should go to the inquisition, which I did, and enquired for the
+  Inquisitor, as I was showed of the Lord I should do; and when I spoke to
+  him I told him <i>I was come from England for to see my brother
+  J.&nbsp;P.</i>; to which he answered, <i>I should see him</i>, and appointed
+  me to come to a certain place called <i>Minerva</i>, and there, saith he,
+  <i>I will procure you the liberty of the Cardinalls to see him</i>; he
+  had me also to the Inquisition office, where he asked many questions of
+  me concerning our religion, to which I answered in the simplicity of my
+  heart in the fear of the Lord; and at the appointed time I came to the
+  place aforesaid, and there I was showed what further I should do, which
+  was to tender my body for my brother; and so from that time I hardly
+  missed opportunity to speak to them as often as they met: for their
+  manner was thus to meet twice a-week, the one time at <i>Minerva</i>, and
+  the other time at <i>Monte-Cavallo</i>, where the Pope's own dwelling is,
+  where I also did the like, more than once, which stirred them up against
+  me, in great enmity," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I am afraid I am trespassing on your overfilled columns;
+  but&mdash;omitting his account of his going to the Jews' synagogue, and
+  of the command which he received to fast twenty days as a testimony
+  against those who falsely stated that John Luffe had fasted nineteen days
+  and died on the twentieth&mdash;omitting this, I must give one more
+  extract. Having been detained in one of his visits to the <i>Minerva</i>,
+  he says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"From thence I was carried to the Inquisition, where I was shut up
+  close, and after I had been there 3 dayes the Lord said to me, <i>Thou
+  must go to the Pazzarella</i>, which was the Prison or Hospital of mad
+  men, where our dear brother was prisoner; and it was also said unto me,
+  <i>Thou shalt also speak to the Pope</i>; And at the 17 dayes end, I was
+  led from the Inquisition towards the other prison, and by the way I met
+  the Pope carried in great pomp; as it was the good will of the Lord that
+  I should speak unto him, men could not prevent it, for I met him towards
+  the foot of a bridge, where I was something nigh him, and when he came
+  against me, the people being on their knees on each side of him, I cried
+  to him with a loud voice in the Italian tongue, <i>To do the thing that
+  was Just, and to release the Innocent</i>; and whilest I was speaking,
+  the man which led me had not power to take me away until I had done, and
+  then he had me to prison where my endeared brother was, where I fasted
+  about 20 dayes as a witness against that bloody generation," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As to how they got out, he only says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Soon after my fast, the Lord, by an outstretched arm, wrought our
+  deliverance, being condemned to perpetual galley-slavery, if ever we
+  returned again unto Rome."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It appears, however, that though thus prevented from exercising his
+  office of a missionary in Rome, Charles Baylie did not relinquish it. In
+  the letter just quoted he informs his correspondent (who this was does
+  not appear), that since he had seen his face, he had been several times
+  (as he was while <!-- Page 336 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page336"></a>{336}</span>writing) shut up in strong prisons; and
+  the letter is dated</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The third of the sixth month, 1661. <i>From the Common Gaol in</i>
+  <span class="correction" title="Original reads `Burkdon', corrected by errata in issue 80."
+  >Burkdou</span>, <i>in</i> France, <i>about thirty leagues from</i>
+  Dover, <i>where I am a sufferer for speaking the Word of the Lord to two
+  Priests, saying</i>, All Idols, all Idolatries, and all Idol Priests must
+  perish."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>John Perrot seems to have considered that his mission extended over
+  all the world. While in Rome Prison of Madmen, he wrote an address "To
+  all people upon the face of the Earth," which he "sent thence the 8th of
+  the 10th month, 1660;" and he was, no doubt, the author of the tract
+  which follows it (and precedes the narrative) in my volume, entitled
+  "Blessed openings of a day of good things to the Turks. Written to the
+  Heads, Rulers, Ancients, and Elders of their Land, and whomsoever else it
+  may concern," though it is only signed "JOHN." To him also, I suppose, we
+  must ascribe another tract, <i>Discoveries of the Day-dawning to the
+  Jewes. Whereby they may know in what state they shall inherit the riches
+  and glory of Promise</i>. "J.&nbsp;P." is all that is given for the author's
+  name on the title-page, but the tract is signed <span lang="he"
+  class="heb" title="JWHN" ><bdo
+  dir="rtl">&#x5D9;&#x5D5;&#x5D4;&#x5DF;</bdo></span>, that is, John. He
+  too, I presume, was the author of another of the tracts, <i>An Epistle to
+  the Greeks, especially to those in and about Corinth and Athens, &amp;c.
+  Written in Egripo in the Island of Negroponte, by a Servant of the Lord:
+  J.&nbsp;P.</i> He seems to have been at Athens on the 27th day of the 7th
+  month, in the year accounted 1657, being the first day of the week, the
+  day of Greek solemn worship, and to have been "conversant" with Carlo
+  Dessio and Gumeno Stephaci, "called Greek doctors."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. R. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Gloucester.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SNAIL-EATING.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 221.)</p>
+
+  <p>Snail-eating is by no means uncommon. When I was a youth I took a
+  dozen snails every morning to a lady who was of a delicate constitution,
+  and to whom they were recommended as wholesome food. They were boiled,
+  and mixed up with milk. They were the common snail, usually found about
+  old garden walls. A friend of mine, in walking round his garden, was in
+  the habit of picking the snails off his fruit-trees and eating them raw.
+  He was somewhat fastidious, for I have seen him take a snail, put it to
+  his tongue, and reject it as not of a good flavour, and select another
+  more agreeable to his taste. We are strange creatures of habit,
+  especially in our feeding. I am fond of oysters, muscles, and cockles;
+  but I do not think anything could induce me to taste a snail, a
+  periwinkle, or a limpet.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Snail-eating.</i>&mdash;This practice is very general in Italy.
+  While residing near Florence, my attention was often attracted by a heap
+  of fifty or one hundred very clean, empty, snail-shells, in a ditch, or
+  under a bush; and I indulged in many vain speculations, before I could
+  account for so strange a phenomenon.</p>
+
+  <p>One day, however, I happened to meet the <i>contadina</i> coming out
+  of my garden with a basket on her arm; and from her shy, conscious
+  manner, and an evident wish to avoid my seeing the contents, I rather
+  suspected she had been making free with my peaches. To my surprise,
+  however, I found that she was laden with the delicious
+  <i>frutta-di-terra</i> (sometimes so called, as the Echinus, so common
+  along the Italian coast, is called <i>frutta-di-mare</i>); and thinking
+  that she had been collecting them simply from regard to my fruit and
+  vegetables, I thanked her for her kind services. But she understood me
+  ironically, and, with a good deal of confusion, offered to carry them to
+  the kitchen, apologising most elaborately, and assuring me that she would
+  on no account have taken them, had not our cook told her that we despised
+  them, and that she would no doubt be welcome. I asked her what in the
+  world she intended to do with them? and, with a look of amazement at my
+  question, even surpassing mine at her reply, she informed me that her
+  brother and his wife had come to pay them a visit, and that, with my kind
+  permission, she would thus treat them to "<i>una bellissima cena</i>."
+  She had collected about three quarts, during a search of two hours. The
+  large brown kind only are eaten. Among the poor they are generally
+  esteemed a delicacy, and reputed to be marvellously nutritious.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nocab.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SIR JOHN DAVIES, DAVIS, OR DAVYS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 82.)</p>
+
+  <p>The following additional particulars of this eminent lawyer and poet
+  may be deemed interesting. In a letter from Mr. Pary to the Rev. Josiah
+  Mead, of the 26th November, 1626, it is stated:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Tomorrow, it is said Sergeant Richardson shall be Lord Chief Justice
+  of the Common Pleas, and Sir John Davis nominated to the King's Bench,
+  because he hath written a book in defence of the legality of this new
+  Loan."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In another letter of the 9th December, 1626, it is stated:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I heard last night that Sergeant Davis, who it is said looked to be
+  Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in place of Sir Randal Crew, was
+  found dead in his bed."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And, again, in a letter from the Rev. Josiah Mead to Sir Martin
+  Stuteville, of the 16th Dec., 1626:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This of the death of Sir John Davis, for aught I <!-- Page 337
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page337"></a>{337}</span>can hear,
+  holds true. It is added, that he was at supper with my Lord Keeper that
+  evening before I was told by him that he should be Lord Chief Justice of
+  the King's Bench; but he lived not to see the morning. My Lord of
+  Huntingdon rode up, upon this news, for he is his heir."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Ferdinando Lord Hastings, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon,
+  married Lucy, daughter and heiress of Sir John Davis, and in 1613
+  succeeded his father as Earl of Huntingdon.</p>
+
+  <p>Sir John Davis married Lady Eleanor, only daughter of the Earl of
+  Castlehaven, and sister of the infamous Earl. She remarried Sir Archibald
+  Douglas, and died in 1652. She was the lady of the anagram celebrity,
+  "Reveal, oh, Daniel," and "Never so mad a lady." There is no doubt that
+  she and her brother were as mad as could well be.</p>
+
+  <p>In a letter from Mr. Edward Rossingham to Sir Thomas Puckering, dated
+  4th January, 1636, it is stated:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Sunday before Christmas the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter of Lichfield
+  sent up a complaint against the Lady Eleanor Davis. It seems the
+  cathedral church in Lichfield is lately very beautifully set out with
+  hangings of arras behind the altar, the Communion table handsomely railed
+  in, and the table itself set out in the best manner, and the Bishop's
+  seat fairly built. This Lady came one Communion day, in the morning, with
+  a kettle in one hand and a brush in the other, to sprinkle some of her
+  holy water (as she called that in the kettle) upon these hangings and the
+  Bishop's seat, which was only a composition of tar, pitch, sink-puddle
+  water, &amp;c., and such kind of nasty ingredients, which she did
+  sprinkle upon the aforesaid things. This being the act of a mad woman,
+  the Lords, to prevent further mischief, have given out two warrants, the
+  one to bring the Lady to Bethlehem, the other to the keeper of Bethlehem
+  to receive her. There are messengers gone into Staffordshire to bring her
+  up."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It appeared afterwards she was so poor, that it became a question at
+  the Council who should maintain her. She seems to have been wholly
+  neglected by her second husband.</p>
+
+  <p>Sir John Davis and his lady are buried in the church of St. Martin's
+  in the Fields, and the following are their epitaphs, from Strype's
+  <i>Stow</i>, book vi. p. 72.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"D. O. M. S. Johannes Davys, Equestris ordinis quondam Attornati Regis
+  Generalis amplissima Provincia in regno Hib. functus. Inde in Patriam
+  revocatus inter Servientes Domini Regis ad Legem primum locum sustinuit.
+  Ob. 1626."</p>
+
+  <p>"Acc&#x16B;bat dignissimo marito incomparabilis Uxor, &amp;c.,
+  1652."</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Note.</i>&mdash;She was the Lady Eleanora, the only daughter of
+  the Earl of Castlehaven, Baron Audley."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. H. Lammin.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Fulham, April 15. 1851.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LOCKE MSS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 413.)</p>
+
+  <p>In reference to an inquiry after MSS. relating to Locke, I enclose
+  particulars of a small 4to. MS. volume in my possession.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Kerslake.</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>MANUSCRIPT.</i>&mdash;<span class="sc">Locke's</span> (John, <i>an
+  Attorney living at Publow, and father of the illustrious Metaphysician of
+  the same name</i>) Common-Place Book, containing Matters (relating to the
+  Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, Kainsham, Brewton, Catsashe, Norton Ferris,
+  Horethorne, Froome, Wellowe, Whitstone, Wells Forum, Portbury, Bathe
+  Forum, Winterstoke, Bempstone, Kilmersdon, Brent, Hartliffe and
+  Bedminster, Hampton and Claverton, and Phillips Norton Liberties,
+  Glaston, Queene Camell, &amp;c.) of daily use to him as Court Keeper to
+  Col. Alex. Popham, a Magistrate and Leader of Parliamentary Forces in
+  Somersetsh., <i>variously dated from 1629 to 1655, all in the handwriting
+  of the elder John Locke</i>,&mdash;also many entries by other hands of
+  other matters, in the remaining leaves of the same volume, many of which
+  are probably in the handwriting of the afterwards distinguished younger
+  John Locke, <i>4to. original vellum wrapper, 12l. 12s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Contains:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>Entries of Bailments and Bindings over of Prosecutors in cases of
+  Felony which occurred in the neighbourhood of Pensford, for the Assizes
+  at Bath, Taunton, Bridgewater, and Wells, 1630-31.</p>
+
+  <p>Appointment at Bathe of Overseers of Woollen Cloth, 1631, for Chew,
+  Dundry, Chewstoke, Ubley, Mids. Norton, Kainsham, Publow, Kelston,
+  Mounton Coombe, Bathford, Bathwicke, Freshford, Weston, Froome, Rode,
+  Beckington, Lullington, Berkley, Chew, Mells, and Leigh, Colsford,
+  Hampton et Claverton, Batheaston, Charterhouse Hinton, with the names of
+  the Overseers.</p>
+
+  <p>Scotch Postures (Humorous).</p>
+
+  <p>Names of the Tithings in the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and
+  Kainsham.</p>
+
+  <p>Abp. Usher on the Liturgie and Episcopall Government, 1640.</p>
+
+  <p>The Sums of the Payment of each Tithing of the above hundreds of the
+  1st of 15th and 10th of the Subsidy of 3-15ths and 10ths to K. James, to
+  declare war against Spain, 1623-4.</p>
+
+  <p>The Yearlie Proportion of the Severall Hundreds of the Easterne
+  Division of the Countie towarde the releife of the Hospitall,
+  1632.&mdash;Ditto, Westerne Division.</p>
+
+  <p>The Yearlie Rate for the Maymed Soldiers of every Hundred and Libertie
+  within this County of Somerset.</p>
+
+  <p>The Rate of Kainsham Hundred, with the amount of each Parish.</p>
+
+  <p>A Rate devised at Hinton in 1601, for the raising of 100 men for
+  Ireland, with consent of the Bath Magistrates, and their names.</p>
+
+  <p>The number and proportion of Shipping within Englande and Wales, to be
+  made readie against Mar. 1, 1635.</p>
+
+  <p>Hundred of Kainsham, Quarterlie Payment of each tithing to the
+  Hospitalls and Maymed Soldiers.</p>
+
+  <p>A Rate made at Pensford 23rd Sept., 1635, for the raising of
+  160<i>l.</i> <!-- Page 338 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page338"></a>{338}</span></p>
+
+  <p>The Assizes holden at Bathe, 24th July, 1637, before the Right Honble.
+  S. Fynch,&mdash;the Names of the Justices (among whom are John Stowell,
+  Ralph Hopton, John Horner, Rob. Hopton, John Harington, &amp;c.), and the
+  Names of the Grand Jury.</p>
+
+  <p>Subsidie 17th Charles:&mdash;A Particular how each Tithing within the
+  Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham stands chardged, for the Reliefe
+  of his Maties Army and the Northerne parte of the Kingdom, Thomas Hunt of
+  Dundry, Collector.</p>
+
+  <p>The Protestation by Order of Parliament, 5<sup>o</sup> Maij,
+  1641,&mdash;with Jo. Locke's acceptance of the Protestation in the Parish
+  Church of Publoe, 3rd Apr., 1642.</p>
+
+  <p>Kainsham:&mdash;The "Purblinde, Partiall, and Innovated Rate" of this
+  Hund., 24th Sept., 1649.</p>
+
+  <p>Kainsham Hund.&mdash;A Rate for Ship-money&mdash;with the Particulars
+  of every Tithing, Parish, and Particular Person chardged&mdash;contains
+  the name of every rateable person in the parishes of Burnet, Preston,
+  Stanton Drew, Stanton Prior, Salford, Publoe, Marksbury, Chelworth,
+  Shrubwell, Belluton, Compton Dando, Farmborrow, Chewton, Whitchurch,
+  Charlton, Brislington, and Kainsham, with the amount of this celebrated
+  tax assessed to each person.</p>
+
+  <p>The Names of the Lords Lieutenants nominated by the Howse of Comons,
+  1641.</p>
+
+  <p>The Muster Roll of the Collonell Sir Rawfe Hopton, Knight, his Band of
+  200 foote Soldiers, within the Eastern Division, and Regiment of the
+  Countie of Somerset.&mdash;Bathe, xxi<sup>o</sup> xxij<sup>do</sup> Maij,
+  1639.&mdash;(Contains, a List of the Officers, "William Tynte,"
+  &amp;c.&mdash;a list of bearers of Pikes, with the Names of the Soldiers
+  and of the gentlemen or tithings for whom they serve,&mdash;also a
+  similar list of the bearers of "Shott.")</p>
+
+  <p>A list of Parishes in the Deaneries of Froome and Bedminster, with the
+  name of the Clergyman of each, the arms supplied by him, and the Names of
+  the men who bore them.</p>
+
+  <p>A Rate for raising �41-00-03 per mensem, in the hund. of Kainsham, for
+  Generall Fairfax Army, 1648.</p>
+
+  <p>Several Papers relating to Differences concerning Rates between the In
+  Hundred and Out Hundred of Kainsham.</p>
+
+  <p>Particulars and Value of Feer's Tenement, in Belluton, now in the
+  possession of Henry Stickland, given in by him this day, 24 Dec.,
+  1655.</p>
+
+  <p>Rente to my Landlord, Coll. Alex. Popham, out of the 3 Tenements I
+  hold in Publoe, and the Lives thereon at the time of their obtaining,
+  1650.</p>
+
+  <p>A Receipt for his Rente at Publoe, 3. 8bris &amp; 11 Dec., 1638.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The above are in the handwriting of Jo. Locke, the elder; in
+  another hand, on blank covers, left by the former,
+  are</i>&mdash;Propositions on</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Philosophy:&mdash;Phisicke, Ethike, and Dialectike.</p>
+      <p>De Providentia Dei et ad genus.</p>
+      <p>De Pr�destinatione.</p>
+      <p>Propositiones Catholic�.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>N.B. One of the later chapters of the Essay on the Human Understanding
+  is treated under propositions nearly identical with the leaf of the MS.
+  which is described in the preceding four lines.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Copia Actus locationis Mens� Dominic� in Ecclesia S. Gregorij Civitatis London.</p>
+      <p>Character of Drunkenness (<i>Rhyme</i>), &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>At the end, in several hands, are various receipts: one in the elder
+  Locke's handwriting, 'The Weapon Salve, and the use thereof, as it was
+  sent unto mee as a most excellent and rare secret from my Cosin Alderman
+  John Locke<a name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>, of
+  Bristoll, in his Letter, dat. 5<sup>o</sup> Apr. 1650,'&mdash;also 'To
+  make Shineing Inke', signed 'J L: Ox:'</p>
+
+  <p>On the last leaf is a record of the Births, Marriages and Deaths of
+  the Locke Family, from 1603 to 1624, including that of John Locke, the
+  father, 29 April, 1606."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+  <p>High Sheriff of Bristol in 1626, and the Mayor of Bristol in 1641 who
+  refused admittance to the royal forces. See Barrett and Seyer.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Defoe's Anticipations</i> (Vol. iii., p. 287.).&mdash;Defoe had
+  probably seen the English translation, or rather abridgment, of Father
+  Dos Santos's <i>Ethiopia Oriental</i>, in Purchas's <i>Pilgrimes</i>
+  (vol. ii. 1544, fol. ed.), in which some hints are given of the great
+  lake (nyassi, <i>i. e.</i> sea) Maravi, which lies nearly parallel with
+  the eastern coast, and was known to D'Anville, in whose map <i>Massi</i>
+  is misengraved for Niassi. A very careful examination of the Portuguese
+  expeditions across the continent of Africa has been given by Mr. Cooley,
+  in the <i>Journal of the Royal Geographical Society</i> (vol. xv. p.
+  185.; xvi. p. 138.), and he has ascertained, approximately, the extent
+  and position of that great lake, which, from distrust of D'Anville, one
+  of the most exact geographers, had been expunged from all modern maps. It
+  is considerably to the N. and E. of the Nyami lately determined, and of
+  much greater extent.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anatol.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph in Hall's Discovery</i> (Vol. iii., p. 242.).&mdash;The
+  work entitled <i>Discovery of a New World, or a Description of the South
+  Indies, hitherto unknown, by an English Mercury, imprinted by E.
+  Blount</i>, no date, 12mo., is not, as our correspondent supposes, very
+  rare, nor is it by Bishop Hall. It is a free translation, or rather
+  paraphrase, and an excellent one in its way, by John Healey, of Bishop
+  Hall's very entertaining <i>Mundus Alter et Idem</i>, first published in
+  12mo., Francof., without date, afterwards reprinted with Campanella's
+  <i>Civitas Solis</i> and Bacon's <i>Atlantis</i> at Utrecht, 1643, 24mo.,
+  and subsequently included in the edition of Bishop Hall's works by Pratt,
+  10 vols., Lond., 1808, 8vo. The epitaph quoted is not a satire upon any
+  statesman of the time. The writer is describing the Land of
+  Changeableness, or, as it is called in the Latin original, "Variana vel
+  Moronia Mobilis," and gives in the course of his description this epitaph
+  on Andreas Vortunius (a vertendo), or, as he is styled in the English
+  <!-- Page 339 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page339"></a>{339}</span>translation, "Andrew Turncoate." The
+  epitaph occurs in p. 132. of the Latin edition of 1643, and is evidently,
+  as indicated by the marginal notes, an imitation or parody of the famous
+  one on �elia L�lia Crispis, which has exercised the ingenuity of so many
+  writers, and of which our own countryman, Richard White, of Basingstoke,
+  the historian, has given three different interpretations. See his <i>�lia
+  L�lia Crispis, Epitaphium Antiquum quod in Agro Bononiensi adhuc videtur,
+  a diversis interpretatum varie, novissime autem a Richardo Vito
+  explicatum</i>, Padua, 1568, 4to. An article on this epitaph and its
+  various interpreters, of whom I have collected about forty, might be made
+  a very interesting one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We wish <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span>&mdash;than whom no one
+  is more competent&mdash;would favour us with such an article. The
+  following communication from <span class="sc">Mr. Forbes</span> is only
+  one of several we have received, showing that the interest in this enigma
+  is not abated.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph in Hall's Discovery</i> (Vol. iii., p. 242.).&mdash;When
+  this epitaph is assigned to its right owner, it may perhaps throw some
+  light on its twin-brother&mdash;the epitaph on "�lia L�lia
+  Crispis"&mdash;"<i>about which many of the learned have puzzled their
+  heads</i>." (See <i>Encyc. Brit.</i>, article "�nigma.") I enclose a copy
+  of this epitaph, which you can use or not, as you please. If you think
+  that it might help to "unearth" Mister Andrew Turnecoate, you may perhaps
+  like to lay it before your readers; if, on the other hand, that it would
+  but increase the difficulty of the operation by distracting attention
+  needlessly, you can hand it over to "the Editor's best friend"&mdash;the
+  fire.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="scac">D. M.</span><br />
+<b>�lia L�lia Crispis</b>,<br />
+Nec vir, nec mulier,<br />
+Nec androgyna<br />
+Nec puella, nec juvenis,<br />
+Nec anus;<br />
+Nec casta, nec meretrix,<br />
+Nec pudica;<br />
+Sed omnia;<br />
+Sublata<br />
+Neque fame, neque ferro,<br />
+Neque veneno;<br />
+Sed omnibus:<br />
+Nec c&oelig;lo, nec terris,<br />
+Nec aquis,<br />
+Sed ubique jacet.<br />
+Lucius Agatho Priscius,<br />
+Nec maritus, nec amator,<br />
+Nec necessarius;<br />
+Neque m&oelig;rens, neque gaudens,<br />
+Neque flens;<br />
+Hanc,<br />
+Nec molem, nec pyramidem,<br />
+Nec sepulchrum,<br />
+Sed omnia,<br />
+Scit et nescit, cui posuerit."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Saint Thomas of Lancaster.</i>&mdash;The following passage in
+  Fuller's <i>Worthies</i> (of Yorkshire) does not seem to have been
+  noticed by either of your correspondents who replied to <span
+  class="sc">Mr. R.&nbsp;M. Milnes'</span> Query in Vol. i., p. 181.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Thomas Plantagenet. Before I proceed, I must confess myself formerly
+  at a great loss to understand a passage in an honourable author, speaking
+  of the counterfeit reliques detected and destroyed at the Reformation:
+  'The Bell of Saint Guthlac, and the <i>Felt</i> of Saint Thomas of
+  Lancaster, both remedies for the headache.' (Vice Lord Herbert's <i>Life
+  of Henry VIII.</i>, p. 431.) But I could recover no Saint <i>Thomas</i>
+  (saving him of <i>Canterbury</i>) in any English Martyrology, till since,
+  on enquiry, I find him to be this <i>Thomas Plantagenet</i>. He was Earl
+  of Derby, Lancaster, Leicester, and (in the right of Alice his wife) of
+  Lincoln. A popular person, and great enemy to the two Spencers, minions
+  to King Edward II, who being hated as devils for their pride, no wonder
+  if this Thomas was honored as a Saint and Martyr by the common sort.<a
+  name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Indeed he must
+  be a very good chymist who can extract <i>martyr</i> out of
+  <i>malefactor</i>; and our chronicles generally behold him put to death
+  for treason against King Edward II. But let him pass for a saint in this
+  shire, though never solemnly canonised, it being true of such local
+  saints, what Servius Honoratus observeth of topical gods, '<i>ad alias
+  regiones nunquam transibant</i>,' they travelled not so far as to be
+  honored in other countries. His beheading, <i>alias</i> his martyrdom,
+  happened at Pomfret <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1322."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It would appear from the foregoing extract that Thomas of Lancaster
+  was never admitted into the Romish calendar of saints; though his memory
+  was locally revered, especially for his opposition to the two Spencers,
+  or Despensers, as they are called by Hume. This historian had no respect
+  for "the turbulent Lancaster;" but the quaint old Fuller seems to have
+  thought well of him.</p>
+
+  <p>As a <i>bell-man</i> I am more interested in the virtues of the bell
+  of Saint Guthlac, than in the hat of Saint Thomas, and I take this
+  opportunity of asking assistance from the readers of "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" towards a collection of curious
+  anecdotes and information about bells, which I am endeavouring to make.
+  Any contributions will be thankfully received by me.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+  <p>"<i>In sanctorum numerum retulit vulgus.</i>&mdash;Camden's
+  <i>Brit.</i> in Yorkshire. Amongst other profits received by the abbey of
+  Leicester, in 1348, from oblations at the church of St. Martin in that
+  town, occurs, <i>pes Thom� Lancastri� respondebat, 6l.
+  10s.</i>"&mdash;<i>History of Leicestershire</i>, vol. i. p. 591.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Francis Moore</i> (Vol. iii., p. 263.).&mdash;That such a personage
+  really did exist there can be little doubt. Bromley (in <i>Engraved
+  Portraits, &amp;c.</i>) gives 1657 as the date of his birth, and says
+  that there was a portrait of him by Drapentier <i>ad vivum</i>. Lysons
+  mentions him as one of the <!-- Page 340 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page340"></a>{340}</span>remarkable men who, at different periods,
+  resided at Lambeth, and says that his house was in Calcott's Alley, High
+  Street, then called Back Lane, where he seems to have enlightened his
+  generation in the threefold capacity of astrologer, physician, and
+  schoolmaster.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. C. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lambeth.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Tickhill, God help me</i>" (Vol. i., p. 247.; Vol. ii., p.
+  452.).&mdash;Although I am full late with my pendent, I am tempted to add
+  the instance of "Kyme God Knows," well known to all explorers of the
+  Fens. The adjunct, "God knows," is supposed to be part of the following
+  verse:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"It's Kyme, God knows,</p>
+      <p>Where no corn grows,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And very little hay;</p>
+      <p>And if there come a wet time,</p>
+      <p class="i1">It <i>weshes</i> all away."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>If I misquote, perhaps some Fen man will set me right.</p>
+
+  <p>As to the "Lincoln-heath where should 'un?" instanced by your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">H.&nbsp;C. St. Croix</span>, in the No. for
+  April 27, 1850, it is quite unknown in this neighbourhood, and I believe
+  must belong to some other locale.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lincoln.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of Tye</i> (Vol. iii., p. 263.).&mdash;On or contiguous to
+  the South Downs, in Sussex, there are several portions of land bearing
+  this designation, as Berwick Tye, Alfriston Tye, Telscombe Tye, &amp;c.
+  They are all contiguous to the villages from which they derive their
+  names. These lands were formerly held in common by the tenants of the
+  respective manors, and I think the origin of the expression may be traced
+  to the tethering or <i>tying</i>-up of cows, horses, &amp;c., for the
+  double purpose of preventing their straying, and of preserving the fences
+  of the neighbouring tenements. I offer this conjecture with some
+  diffidence, because the word is very often found in <i>composition</i>
+  with proper names of places, as Lavortye, Brambletye, Holtye, Puxtye,
+  Ollantigh. The vulgar notion, that it means a space which originally
+  measured ten acres, is, I think, untenable.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">M. A. Lower.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lewes.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Dutch Church in Norwich</i> (Vol. iii., p. 209.).&mdash;Some
+  interesting details connected with the establishment of the Dutch Church
+  in Norwich, as well as the first settlement of the Walloons in that city,
+  will be found in Blomefield's <i>History of Norfolk</i>, vol. iii. p.
+  282. et seq., edit. 1806.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. Y.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Dutch Church, Norwich.</i>&mdash;Some account of this church
+  may be seen in Burn's <i>History of the Foreign Refugees</i>, 1846. It is
+  to be regretted, however, that the registers and acts of vestry are
+  missing. The <i>seal</i> of the church has lately been discovered.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. S. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lost Manuscripts</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261.)&mdash;In pursuance
+  of <span class="sc">Mr. Mackenzie's</span> suggestions respecting the
+  search for lost manuscripts, permit me to ask, if all hope must be
+  considered as given up of decyphering any more of those discovered at
+  Herculaneum, or of resuming the excavations there, that have been so long
+  discontinued? Perhaps the improved chemical processes of recent days
+  might be found more successful in facilitating the unrolling of the MSS.,
+  than the means resorted to so long ago by Sir H. Davy. Can any of your
+  correspondents state whether anything has been done lately with the
+  Herculaneum MSS.?</p>
+
+  <p>Eustace says that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As a very small part of Herculaneum has hitherto been explored, it is
+  highly probable that if a general excavation were made, ten times the
+  number of MSS. above mentioned (1800) might be discovered, and among
+  them, perhaps, or very probably, some of the first works of antiquity,
+  the loss of which has been so long lamented."&mdash;<i>Classical
+  Tour</i>, vol. i. 4to., p.585.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Oxford.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Circulation of the Blood</i> (Vol. iii., p.252.).&mdash;In a
+  paraphrase on Ecclesiastes xii. 1-6., entitled, <i>King Solomon's
+  Portraiture of Old Age</i>, by John Smith, M.D., London, 1676, 8vo.,
+  1752, 12mo., the author attributes the discovery of the circulation of
+  the blood to King Solomon. Mede also finds the same anticipation of
+  science in "the pitcher broken at the fountain." Who was the first to
+  suggest the transfusion of blood?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Alliteration</i> (Vol. iii., p. 165.)&mdash;Your correspondent
+  H.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;B., in quoting the seventh stanza from Phineas Fletcher's <i>Purple
+  Island</i>, observes, that the second line,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"A life that lives by love, and loves by light,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>is "noticeable" for its <i>alliteration</i>. But the best specimen
+  that I have met with in English&mdash;after having read much verse, and
+  published a volume, which my partial friends call poetry&mdash;will be
+  found in Quarles' <i>Divine Emblems</i>, book ii. emblem ii. Beyond all
+  question, Quarles was a poet that needed not "apt alliteration's artful
+  aid" to add to the vigour of his verse, or lend liquidity to his lines.
+  Quarles is often queer, quaint, and querulous, but never prolix, prosey,
+  or puling.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"We sack, we ransack to the utmost sands</p>
+      <p>Of native kingdoms, and of foreign lands:</p>
+      <p><i>We travel sea and soil; we pry, we prowl,</i></p>
+      <p><i>We progress, and we prog from pole to pole</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Verily, old Francis must have had a prophetic peep at the effects of
+  <i>free trade</i>, and the growing greatness of Great Britain, in the
+  gathering of the Nations under a huge <span class="sc">Glass Case</span>
+  in Hyde Park, in the present year 1851!</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 341 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page341"></a>{341}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Vineyards in England</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392.).&mdash;The Lincoln
+  "Vine Closes" may as well be added to the rest. They were given to the
+  church here by Henry I. See the charter, entitled <i>Carta Hen. I. de
+  Vinea sua Linc.</i>, in Dugdale (Caley's) vol. vi. p. 1272. Their site is
+  a rather steep slope, facing the south, and immediately east of the city.
+  The southern aspect of our hill was celebrated long ago by some poet, as
+  quoted by H. Huntingdon:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Urbs in colle sita est, et collis vergit ad austrum".</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>N.B. One of the Abbey fields at Bullington, a few miles east of
+  Lincoln, is known as the Hopyard. The plant has never been cultivated in
+  these parts within memory, or the range of the faintest tradition, but
+  the character of the soil is clayey, and perhaps not unsuitable. Were
+  hopyards often attached to monasteries? The house at Bullington was of
+  the order of Sempringham.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lincoln.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Countess of Desmond</i> (Vol. iii., p. 250.).&mdash;If your
+  correspondents on this subject should be wandering to the south-east of
+  London, they may be interested in knowing that there are two very
+  striking portraits of this lady in Kent, one at Knowle, near Seven Oaks;
+  the other, which is the more remarkable picture of the two, at Bedgebury,
+  near Cranbrook, the seat of Viscount Beresford.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. Y.</p>
+
+  <p><i>St. John's Bridge Fair</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 88. 287.).&mdash;I
+  cannot agree with the conjecture that this was Peterborough Bridge Fair.
+  On the confines of Gloucestershire and Berkshire, at the distance of
+  about 77 miles from London, near Lechlade, and on the road to Farringdon,
+  is a St. John's Bridge, near which was a priory or hospital. It is at
+  this place that the Thames first becomes navigable. (Leland's
+  <i>Itinerary</i>, vol. ii. fo. 21, 22, 23; vol. iv. fo. 48; Bowles's
+  <i>Post Chaise Companion</i>, 1782, pl. 28; Lysons' <i>Berkshire</i>,
+  vol. i. p. 193., and map of county prefixed; <i>Collectanea Topographica
+  et Genealogica</i>, vol. i. p. 320.; <i>Parliamentary Gazetteer</i>, art.
+  "Lechlade.") Whether there is or ever was a fair at this place is more
+  than I can state; but perhaps some of your correspondents dwelling in
+  those parts can give information on this point.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge, April 14. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Paring the Nails unlucky on Sundays</i> (Vol. ii., p. 511.; Vol.
+  iii, p. 55.).&mdash;Compare Sir Thomas Browne's <i>Vulgar Errors</i>,
+  lib. v. cap. xxi. � x.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ache.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Errata in Braithwait's Latin Drinking-song</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  297.).&mdash;It is well for us that honest Barnaby is not alive to visit
+  upon us the scandalous "negligences and ignorances" with which our
+  transcript of his song abounds; and it is no excuse perhaps to say, that
+  <i>the errors almost all of them exist in the MS. from whence the
+  transcript was made</i>. Sensitive as he has shown himself "upon the
+  errata's," <i>he</i> would not have accepted the apology from us which he
+  makes for himself. "Good reader, if this impression have errors in it,
+  excuse it. <i>The copy was obscure</i>; neither was the <i>editor</i>, by
+  reason of his distance, and employments of higher consequence, made
+  acquainted with the publishing of it."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"His Patavinus <i>erravit prelis</i>,</p>
+      <p>Authorem suis <span class="correction" title="Original reads `laurando', corrected by errata in issue 80.">lacerando</span> telis."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The following corrections, which are necessary to the sense, have been
+  pointed out, and have no doubt been already silently made by many of our
+  readers.</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr">
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><i>Sic in MS.</i></td><td><i>forsan.</i><br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Stanza 3. &nbsp;</td><td>hoc <i>te</i> am&oelig;num</td><td>hoc am&oelig;num</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>reparare</td><td>reperire<br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Stanza 4. &nbsp;</td><td>m<i>e</i>mento</td><td>m<i>o</i>mento</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>gustabi<i>t</i></td><td>gustabi<i>s</i><br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Stanza 5. &nbsp;</td><td>solv<i>e</i>t</td><td>solv<i>i</i>t</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>pot<i>i</i>s</td><td>pot<i>u</i>s<br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Stanza 6. &nbsp;</td><td>friges<i>t</i>is</td><td>friges<i>c</i>is<br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Stanza 8. &nbsp;</td><td>succed<i>a</i>nt</td><td>succed<i>u</i>nt<br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">Omit the comma between <i>Domum</i> and<br />
+<i>feram</i>, and disregard the erroneous<br />
+punctuation generally.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>There may be other errors; for, as it stands at present, the song is
+  inferior to the other known productions of the pleasant author of the
+  <span class="sc">Itinerarium</span>. We can only hope that its
+  publication, in even this imperfect form, may lead to the discovery of a
+  better text; and we must be content if the lines of the author are
+  applied to our blunders:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Delirans iste <i>Sapiens Gottam</i>,</p>
+      <p>Reddit <i>Coetum</i> propter <i>Cotem</i>."</p>
+      <p class="i4">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Quid si breves fiant longi?</p>
+      <p>Si vocales sint dipthongi?</p>
+      <p>Quid si graves sint acuti?</p>
+      <p>Si accentus fiant muti?</p>
+      <p>Quid si placid�, plen�, plan�,</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Fregi frontem Prisciani</span>?</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Quid si sedem muto sede?</p>
+      <p>Quid si carmen claudo pede?</p>
+      <p>Quid si noctem sensi diem?</p>
+      <p>Quid si veprem esse viam?</p>
+      <p>Sat est, Verbum declinavi,</p>
+      <p>Titubo&mdash;titubas&mdash;titubavi."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In the last line of the extract from "Phyllis and Flora," <i>hinc</i>
+  is printed for <i>huic</i>; <i>inpares</i>, in the preceding line, is the
+  correct reading for <i>impares</i>. "<i>Impar</i> richtiger Inpar"
+  (Scheller).</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. W. S.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>The publication of <i>The National Cyclop�dia of Useful Knowledge</i>
+  has just been completed by the issue of <!-- Page 342 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page342"></a>{342}</span>the twelfth volume. We
+  notice this useful condensation of <i>The Penny Cyclop�dia</i>
+  principally, however, for a feature which we hope to see more widely
+  extended, namely, that of issuing it in a strong and handsome
+  half-binding, at the moderate charge of one shilling per volume extra.
+  The practice of publishing books in a bound form (more especially such
+  books as are intended for very general circulation) is one which we have
+  no doubt may be widely extended with great satisfaction to purchasers. It
+  has, generally speaking, been, up to the present time, too closely
+  confined to books of high price, adapted only to wealthy purchasers, whom
+  the words "bound by Hayday," or "morocco extra," with the necessary
+  increase of price, charm, rather than discourage.</p>
+
+  <p>There is perhaps no work to which, at the present moment,&mdash;when
+  the World's Fair is about to commence, and we are sure to be visited by
+  hundreds, or rather thousands, of our Gallic friends, with whom we shall
+  be in daily and hourly conversation,&mdash;we can more appropriately call
+  the attention of our readers than to the second division (<i>Partie
+  Fran�aise-Anglaise</i>) of M. Tarver's <i>Dictionnaire Phras�ologique
+  Royal</i>, in which we can assure them they will find the readiest
+  solution of all those phraseological queries which may arise during their
+  intercourse with our lively neighbours. A very cursory examination of its
+  pages will serve to convince the inquirer of the great learning and
+  patient industry of M. Tarver; and his interest in the work will not be
+  diminished by the reflection that the name of its accomplished author
+  will be found in the obituary of the present week.</p>
+
+  <p>When noticing, a few weeks since, one of Captain Knox's interesting
+  volumes, we spoke of the undying popularity of White's <i>Selborne</i>. A
+  proof at once of this popularity, and a means of increasing it, will be
+  found in a new edition of this delightful book just issued as one of the
+  volumes of <i>Bohn's Illustrated Library</i>. It is entitled to its place
+  in this series on account of forty admirable woodcuts by which it is
+  illustrated; and to a place on the bookshelves of every Naturalist, for
+  the sake of the additional notes of Sir W. Jardine, and its present
+  editor, Mr. Jesse.</p>
+
+  <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Tuesday and
+  Wednesday next an exceedingly choice Collection of Autograph Letters,
+  comprising numerous Letters of extraordinary rarity, selected principally
+  from Upcott's Collection. We cannot attempt to particularise the many
+  interesting lots which are to be found in the present collection, but
+  recommend the Catalogue to attention for the satisfactory manner in which
+  the different documents are arranged and described.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received.</span>&mdash;B. Quaritch's (16.
+  Castle Street, Leicester Square) Cheap Book Circular (No. XXVIII.) of
+  Books in all Languages; W. Pedder's (18. Holywell Street) Catalogue Part
+  II. for 1851, of Books Ancient and Modern; R. Saywell's (138. High
+  Holborn) Select Catalogue Part XXI. of Books in Theology, Classics, and
+  General Literature.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Brevarium Romanum.</span> Pars Verna. Antverpiae. Ex
+  Typ. Plantinian�. 1700 or 1714.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">New England Judged not by Man's, but the Spirit of
+  the Lord: and the Summe Sealed up of New England's Persecutions.</span>
+  By <span class="sc">George Bishope</span>. Quarto, 1661. Wanted from page
+  150 to the end.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p>J. S. S. (Leicester). <span class="sc">The Chaucer Monument.</span>
+  <i>It will require about 100l. to make a complete restoration. Not
+  one-half that amount has yet been subscribed.</i></p>
+
+  <p>X. Y. Z. <i>The custom of</i> "Swearing on the Horns at Highgate"
+  <i>is very ably treated by Hone</i>, Every-Day Book, vol. ii. p. 79 <i>et
+  seq. It probably arose from the graziers who put up at the Gate-house on
+  their way to Smithfield, and were accustomed, as a means of keeping
+  strangers out of their company, to bring an ox to the door as a test:
+  those who did not like to be sworn of their fraternity, and kiss its
+  horns, not being deemed fit members of their society.</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. R. M. <i>Will this correspondent favour us with another copy of his
+  Queries, which were received and intended for insertion, but have
+  apparently been omitted by some accident?</i></p>
+
+  <p>A. W. H. <i>Our correspondent will find that his Query had been
+  anticipated in</i> Vol. i., p. 336. <i>Its appearance then brought it a
+  mass of Replies, mostly of a very unsatisfactory kind. We delayed
+  repeating the Query until we could find leisure to condense those
+  replies, so as to prevent our correspondents furnishing us with
+  information already in our possession. We hope to do this next
+  week.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sing.</span> <i>Bryan Waller Procter, Esq., one of
+  the Commissioners of Lunacy.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Replies Received.</span>&mdash;<i>Nettle in&mdash;San
+  Graal&mdash;Duchess of Buckingham&mdash;Newburgh Hamilton&mdash;Ex Pede
+  Herculeum&mdash;Knebsend&mdash;Derivation of Yankee&mdash;Passage in
+  Virgil&mdash;Bacon and Fagan&mdash;Solid-hoofed Pigs&mdash;Under the
+  Rose&mdash;Stick at Nothing&mdash;Ejusdem Farin�&mdash;Meaning of
+  Rack&mdash;Meaning of Tye&mdash;The Tanthony&mdash;Dog's Head in the
+  Pot&mdash;Baron Munchausen&mdash;Shakspeare's
+  Seamanship&mdash;Criston&mdash;Bigod de Loges&mdash;God's
+  Acre&mdash;Joseph Nicolson&mdash;Britt.
+  Rex&mdash;Tradescant&mdash;Moore's Almanack&mdash;The Mistletoe&mdash;St
+  John's Bridge Fair&mdash;Curious Fact in Natural History&mdash;Pursuits
+  of Literature&mdash;Burton's Birthplace&mdash;Engelbert of
+  Treves&mdash;God takes those soonest&mdash;Tandem D.&nbsp;O.&nbsp;M.
+  &amp;c.&mdash;Bartolomeo's Pictures&mdash;Herstmonceaux, &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Vols.</span> I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very
+  copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by
+  order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any
+  difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers,
+  &amp;c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will
+  enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>
+  <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>LITERARY AGENCY.&mdash;<span class="sc">Mr. F. G. Tomlins</span>
+  (Secretary to the Shakspeare Society, Author of a Brief View of the
+  English Drama; a Variorum History of England; Garcia, a Tragedy; the
+  Topic, the Self Educator, &amp;c. &amp;c.) is desirous to make it known
+  that a Twenty Years' experience with the Press and Literature, as Author
+  and Publisher, enables him to give advice and information to Authors,
+  Publishers, and Persons wishing to communicate with the Public, either as
+  to the Editing, Advertising, or Authorship of Books, Pamphlets, or
+  Literary productions of any kind. Opinions obtained on Manuscripts
+  previous to publication, and Works edited, written, or supervised for the
+  Press by acknowledged writers in their various departments.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Office, 19. Southampton Street, Strand</span>;</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>where works of reference for Literary Purposes may be obtained or
+  referred to.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 343 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page343"></a>{343}</span></p>
+
+<h3>PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">50. REGENT STREET.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.<br />
+Established 1806.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>&mdash;Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i><br />
+Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>President.</i><br />
+The Right Honourable EARL GREY.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i><br />
+The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman.</i><br />
+Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="contents">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Henry B. Alexander, Esq.</p>
+      <p>George Dacre, Esq.</p>
+      <p>William Judd, Esq.</p>
+      <p>Sir Richard D. King, Bart.</p>
+      <p>The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird</p>
+      <p>Thomas Maugham, Esq.</p>
+      <p>William Ostler, Esq.</p>
+      <p>Apsley Pellatt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>George Round, Esq.</p>
+      <p>Frederick Squire, Esq.</p>
+      <p>William Henry Stone, Esq.</p>
+      <p>Capt. William John Williams.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p class="cenhead">J. A. Beaumont, Esq. <i>Managing Director.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Physician</i>&mdash;John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague Square.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p>
+
+  <p>Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of
+  Bonuses.</p>
+
+<pre>
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+|         |          |                      | Bonuses added       |
+|  Date   |   Sum    |                      | subsequently, to be |
+|   of    | Insured. |   Original Premium.  | further increased   |
+| Policy. |          |                      | annually.           |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+|  1806   |  �2500   |�79 10 10 Extinguished|    �1222  2  0      |
+|  1811   |   1000   | 33 19  2    Ditto    |      231 17  8      |
+|  1818   |   1000   | 34 16 10    Ditto    |      114 18 10      |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+</pre>
+  <p>Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.</p>
+
+<pre>
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+|        |       |          |           |  Total with Additions,  |
+| Policy | Date. |   Sum    |  Bonuses  |  to be further          |
+|   No.  |       | Insured. |   added.  |  increased.             |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+|   521  |  1807 |   �900   | �982 12 1 |       �1882 12 1        |
+|  1174  |  1810 |   1200   | 1160  5 6 |        2360  5 6        |
+|  3392  |  1820 |   5000   | 3558 17 8 |        8558 17 8        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+</pre>
+  <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to
+  the Agents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United
+  Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent
+  Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p>VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.</p>
+
+  <p>Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting
+  the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as
+  fully detailed in the prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A. Scratchley, M.A.</span>,</p>
+
+  <p>Actuary and Secretary: Author of "Industrial Investment and
+  Emigration; being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building
+  Societies, &amp;c." Price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">J. W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BOOKS.&mdash;JUST PUBLISHED, A CATALOGUE of Three Thousand Volumes of
+  RARE and CURIOUS BOOKS, containing Works on America, the Occult Sciences,
+  Books of Prints, Fine Arts, Free-Masonry, Jest-Books and Drolleries,
+  Hawking, Language, Popery, Proverbs, Faceti� and Miscellaneous
+  Literature,&mdash;may be had on application, or by forwarding four penny
+  stamps to <span class="sc">G. Bumstead</span>, 205. High Holborn.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Highly Important Autograph Letters.&mdash;Two Days' Sale.</p>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, April 29, and
+  following Day, a very important Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, the
+  Property of a Gentleman. The Collection includes an unusually complete
+  series of English Royal Autographs, many being important Letters, from
+  the time of Henry VII.; also Letters of Contemporary Foreign Sovereigns,
+  with numerous rare and interesting Letters in other Classes. The whole in
+  the finest preservation. Catalogues will be sent on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This day is published,</p>
+
+  <p>BOHN'S CLASSICAL CATALOGUE, comprising all the principal editions of
+  the Greek and Latin Classics. Translations and Commentaries, with prices
+  annexed; royal 8vo. half morocco, price 2<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i>&mdash;Allowed to Purchasers.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Henry G. Bohn</span>, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>LONDON PICTORIALLY and HISTORICALLY DESCRIBED. Edited by <span
+  class="sc">Charles Knight</span>. 6 vols. in 3, royal 8vo. with upwards
+  of one thousand engravings on wood, cloth gilt, 1<i>l.</i>
+  16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Henry G. Bohn</span>, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Bohn's Scientific Library for May.</p>
+
+  <p>HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS; or Sketch of a Physical Description of the
+  Universe. Translated by <span class="sc">E.&nbsp;C. Otte</span>. Vol. 3, with
+  an Index. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Henry G. Bohn</span>, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Bohn's Classical Library for May.</p>
+
+  <p>PLATO'S WORKS, translated by <span class="sc">Geo. Burgess,
+  M.A.</span> Vol. 4, containing Philebus, Charmides, Laches, The Two
+  Alcibiades, and Ten other Dialogues. Price 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Henry G. Bohn</span>, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Bohn's Standard Library for May.</p>
+
+  <p>NEANDER'S FIRST PLANTING OF CHRISTIANITY. Translated by <span
+  class="sc">Ryland</span>. Post 8vo. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Henry G. Bohn</span>, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and
+  Literary Remains.</p>
+
+  <p>THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's Tavern,
+  Great Queen Street, on Friday the 2nd of May, at Four o'Clock precisely;
+  the <span class="sc">Lord Braybrooke</span>, the President, in the
+  Chair.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">William J. Thoms</span>, Secretary.</p>
+
+  <p>The following are the Publications of the Society for the year
+  1850-1.</p>
+
+  <p>I. A SELECTION FROM THE WILLS Preserved in the Will Office at Bury St.
+  Edmund's. Edited by <span class="sc">Samuel Tymms</span>, Esq.</p>
+
+  <p>II. WALTER MAPES "DE NUGIS CURIALIUM." A Treatise on the Political
+  Affairs of his Time, written in 1181. Edited by <span class="sc">Thomas
+  Wright</span>, Esq., M.A.</p>
+
+  <p>III. SIR RICHARD GUYLFORDE'S PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND, <span
+  class="scac">A. D.</span> 1506. Edited from a copy believed to be unique
+  from the Press of Richard Pynson, by <span class="sc">Sir Henry
+  Ellis</span>, K.H., Sec. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p>The Subscription to the Society is 1<i>l.</i> per annum, which becomes
+  due on the 1st of May.</p>
+
+  <p>Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be
+  addressed to the Secretary; or to Messrs. <span
+  class="sc">Nichols</span>, No. 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, by
+  whom the Subscriptions of all Members resident in London are
+  received.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO BOOK BUYERS.&mdash;No. XIV. of T.&nbsp;D. THOMSON'S CATALOGUE of
+  MISCELLANEOUS SECOND-HAND BOOKS, marked at very low Prices, is just
+  published, and may be had Gratis and Postage Free.</p>
+
+  <p>13. Upper King Street, Russell Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 344 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page344"></a>{344}</span></p>
+
+<h3>BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED</h3>
+
+<h2>BY JOHN HENRY PARKER,</h2>
+
+<h3>OXFORD; and 377. STRAND, LONDON.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>PAROCHIAL WORK. By the Rev. <span class="sc">E. Monro, M.A.</span>,
+  Incumbent of Harrow Weald, Stanmore. A Second Edition of this valuable
+  Work is nearly ready, and will, it is expected, be published in
+  April.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>SERMONS CHIEFLY ON THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MINISTERIAL OFFICE. By
+  the Rev. <span class="sc">E. Monro</span>. 8vo. 7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Intended as a Companion to the above.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>POET� SCENICI GR�CI. �schyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis, et Aristophanis
+  Fabul� superstites et perditarum fragmenta. Editio secunda, ex nova
+  recognitione <span class="sc">Guil. Dindorfii</span>. Royal 8vo. cloth,
+  1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i>; or bound by Hayday in calf extra for school
+  prizes, 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE of the Middle Ages, with numerous Engravings
+  from existing Remains, and Historical Illustrations from contemporary
+  Manuscripts. By <span class="sc">T. Hudson Turner</span>, Esq. From the
+  Conquest to the 13th Century. 1 Vol. 8vo. In a few days.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>DR. PUSEY'S DEFENCE OF HIS OWN PRINCIPLES: A Letter to the Right Hon.
+  and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London in Explanation of some
+  Statements contained in a Letter by the Rev. W. Dodsworth. Fifth and
+  Cheaper Edition. 18mo. pp. 196., 1<i>s.</i>, or bound in cloth,
+  1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>DR. PUSEY'S REPLY TO SOME REMARKS OF MR. DODSWORTH'S ON THE ABOVE
+  LETTER, 8vo. 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts
+  of the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names; or whose Images
+  are most frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medi�val
+  Symbols; and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Foolscap 8vo.
+  10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>HYMNI ECCLESI� e BREVIARIIS quibusdam et <span class="sc">Missalibus
+  Gallicanis, Germanicis, Hispanis</span> desumpti. Collegit et recensuit
+  <span class="sc">Joannes M. Neale, A.M.</span>, Collegii Sackvillensis
+  custos. 18mo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC
+  ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations,
+  drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo., cloth, gilt
+  tops. 2<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+  <p>THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, from the Commencement of the French Revolution
+  to the Battle of Waterloo. By <span class="sc">Archibald Alison,
+  LL.D.</span> Seventh Edition, in 20 Vols. Crown Octavo, with a Copious
+  <span class="sc">Index</span>, in cloth, price 6<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>A LIBRARY EDITION, handsomely printed on superfine paper, in Demy
+  Octavo, to range with the Standard Editions of the English Historians, in
+  14 Vols. including a Copious <span class="sc">Index</span>, and
+  embellished with Portraits. Price 10<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A limited number are printed on thick paper, in Royal Octavo, with
+  Proof Impressions of the Portraits, price 21<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>ATLAS TO THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, Comprising 109 Maps and Plans of
+  Countries, Sieges, and Battles, illustrative of <span class="sc">Alison's
+  History of Europe</span> and of other Contemporary Histories; constructed
+  and engraved by <span class="sc">A. Keith Johnston, F.R.S.E.</span>,
+  Author of the "Physical Atlas," and of the "National Atlas." A New
+  Edition.</p>
+
+  <p>In <span class="sc">Crown Quarto</span>, uniform with the <span
+  class="sc">Seventh Edition</span> of Alison's History, bound in cloth,
+  2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> In <span class="sc">Demy Quarto</span>,
+  to range with the "<span class="sc">Library Edition</span>" and Early
+  Editions of Alison's History in Demy Octavo, bound in cloth, 3<i>l.</i>
+  3<i>s.</i> In <span class="sc">Royal Quarto</span>, to accompany the
+  <span class="sc">Royal Octavo "Library Edition"</span> of Alison's
+  History, 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>EPITOME OF ALISON'S EUROPE. For the Use of Schools and Young Persons.
+  In One Volume, Post Octavo, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> bound in cloth.
+  <span class="sc">Atlas</span> to the above, 7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Author.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+  <p>ESSAYS, POLITICAL, HISTORICAL, and MISCELLANEOUS. In Three Vols. Demy
+  Octavo, uniform with the "Library Edition" of Alison's Europe. Price
+  2<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>MILITARY LIFE of JOHN, DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. In Octavo, with Maps and
+  Plans of Battles. Price 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>THE PRINCIPLES OF POPULATION, and their Connection with Human
+  Happiness. Two Vols. Octavo, 30<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">William Blackwood and Sons</span>, Edinburgh and
+  London. Sold by all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New
+  Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride,
+  in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George
+  Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in
+  the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+  aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, April 26. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 78, April
+26, 1851, by Various
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 78, April 26, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26898]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{313}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 78.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 26. 1851.
+[Price, Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                             Page
+
+    On the Proposed Record of Existing Monuments              313
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+    Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IV.                         315
+    The Academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir
+      Balthazar Gerbier, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault                317
+    Shakspeare and Fletcher, by Samuel Hickson                318
+    Illustrations of Tennyson                                 319
+    Folk Lore:--Sacramental Wine--Cure of Disease by
+      means of Sheep                                          320
+    Ancient Inedited Ballads, No. IV., by K. R. H. Mackenzie  320
+    Poetical Coincidences, &c., by T. C. Smith                320
+    The Republic of San Marino, by Sydney Smirke              321
+    St. Francis                                               321
+    Minor Notes:--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--M. or N.
+      --Henry VIII. and Sir T. Curwen--Periodical Literature,
+      1707--Archbishop Sancroft--Sir Henry
+      Slingsby--Origin of a Surname--Madden's Reflections     322
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    The Bellman, and his History                              324
+    Was Sallustius a Lecturer?--Connexion between Sallustius
+      and Tacitus, by K. R. H. Mackenzie                      325
+    The Outer Temple, by Edward Foss                          325
+    Bibliographical Queries                                   326
+    Dutch Books published out of the Netherlands              326
+    What was the Country of the Angles?                       326
+    Minor Queries:--Villenage--Roman Roads near
+      London--Mrs. Catherine Barton--Sempecta at Croyland
+      --Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis--Roman
+      Medicine-stamps--Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the
+      Royal Navy--Wooden Baldrocks--Thanksgiving-book
+      --History of the Jesuits--Mind your P's and Q's
+      --Mode of hiring Domestic Servants in Holderness
+      --Sittings--Fest--Home-made Wines--Inscription
+      on a Clock--Inscription of the Tomb of Peter
+      the Hermit--Wife of James Torre--"The Bear's
+      Bible"--Harris, Painter in Water-Colours--University
+      Hoods--"Nullis Fraus tuta latebris"--Voltaire,
+      where situated?--Table of Prohibited Degrees
+      --Launcelot Littleton--The Antediluvians                327
+
+    MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Wither's Halelujah--
+      Voltaire's Henriade--Christ-Cross A.--Apple-pie
+      Order--Spick and Span new--Theory of the
+      Earth's Form--Carolus Lawson                            330
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Haybands in Seals, by J. Burtt, &c.                       331
+    North Side of Churchyards, by Rev. W. H. Kelke, &c.       332
+    The Rolliad, and some of its Writers, by J. H. Markland,
+      &c.                                                     333
+    Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope                      335
+    Snail-eating                                              336
+    Sir John Davies, Davis, or Davys, by W. H. Lammin         336
+    Locke MSS., by Thomas Kerslake                            337
+    Replies to Minor Queries:--Defoe's Anticipations--
+      Epitaph in Hall's Discoveries--Saint Thomas of
+      Lancaster--Francis Moore, &c.                           338
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                    341
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              342
+    Notices to Correspondents                                 342
+    Advertisements                                            342
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON THE PROPOSED SUGGESTIONS FOR PRESERVING A RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.
+
+    The following communications have reached us since the publication of
+    our remarks on the proposed MONUMENTARIUM ANGLICANUM (No. 73. p. 217.
+    et seq.). They serve to show how much interest the subject has excited
+    among those best qualified to judge of the great utility of some
+    well-organised plan for the preservation of a record of our still
+    existing monuments.
+
+    MR. DUNKIN'S letter (which was accompanied by a copy of the prospectus
+    issued by him in 1844) claims precedence, as showing the steps which
+    _that_ gentleman has already taken. It is a communication highly
+    creditable to his exertions in the cause, but does not alter our views
+    as to the practicability of any successful attempt to accomplish this
+    object by individual exertion.
+
+In No. 73. Vol. iii. of "NOTES AND QUERIES" you have honoured me by an
+allusion to the _Monumenta Anglicana_ I have in the press, as "a plan which
+would have your hearty concurrence and recommendation, if it were at all
+practicable; but which must fail from its very vastness." It may be so; but
+the motto of my family is _Essayez_. Every "gigantic scheme" must have a
+commencement, and this "scheme," I am perfectly aware, is one "that no
+individual, however varied in attainments and abilities, could without
+assistance hope to achieve." My father, upwards of half a century since,
+commenced collecting mortuary memorials; many of the monuments from which
+he copied the inscriptions have since been destroyed by time, and many,
+very many, more by the ruthless innovations of beautifying churchwardens.
+These "very vast" collections--the labour of a life--however, only form a
+portion of the materials I now posses; for since I issued my prospectus in
+1844, I have received many thousands of inscriptions and rubbings of
+brasses from clergymen and others; and I trust I shall be favoured with
+still further assistance, as in all cases where information is rendered,
+the source whence derived shall be most thankfully and freely acknowledged.
+{314}
+
+The plan I have adopted with regard to arrangement is to folio each page
+three times, viz., i. each parish by itself; ii. each county; iii.
+alphabetically; so that each parish can be considered complete in itself;
+each county can be bound up by itself; or the whole alphabetically,
+gazetteer-wise.
+
+The index will be also in three divisions,--i. general; ii. names of
+places; iii. names of persons.
+
+With regard to the number of volumes,--I need not say that that is entirely
+_in nubibus_. My impression is limited to seventy-five copies, the same as
+my father's _Oxfordshire_, with which it corresponds in size.
+
+I should have preferred seeing the government performing the task of
+preserving manuscripts of all existing monuments; but it is the fashion in
+Britain for government to leave all apparently national undertakings to
+individual exertion. I will here conclude with a quotation from the report
+I have just published of the Transactions at the Congress of the British
+Archaeological Association held in Worcester:
+
+    "Lamentation is, however, worse than useless: the spirit of the age
+    forbids all idle mourning. If we would awaken a sympathy and interest
+    in our pursuits, we must gird up our loins like men, and be doing, and
+    that right earnestly; for it is hopeless any longer waiting for the
+    government, as a 'Deus ex machina,' to help us to rescue our
+    antiquities from destruction."
+
+ALFRED JOHN DUNKIN.
+
+    Our next is from a correspondent (who has favoured us with his name)
+    who proposes a scheme almost more extensive than that advocated by MR.
+    DUNKIN, but who differs from that gentleman by recognising the
+    necessity of combined endeavour to carry it out.
+
+A few years since I propounded a scheme for an _Ecclesiologicon
+Anglicanum_, or record of the history, not only architectural and
+monumental, but also local and traditional, of every parish in England.
+Though I had long conceived such a design, I must confess myself indebted
+to some excellent remarks on the subject which appeared in the
+_Ecclesiologist_ (New Series, No. x., April 1846). Fully aware that so
+stupendous a work could never be accomplished by any single individual, I
+compiled a prospectus of my design, and invited the co-operation of all
+antiquaries. I proposed to publish at intervals, and in alphabetical order,
+the parishes of every county, and by dividing the labour among different
+coadjutors, and giving to each a separate branch of inquiry, thereby
+insuring, by successive revisions, a certainty of correctness, I hoped to
+succeed in the undertaking. My project was, however, laid aside by reason
+of other engagements; but, as I still think it worthy of consideration, I
+have troubled you with these "Notes" in the hope that, by publication in
+your pages, they may be the means of suggesting to others interested in the
+matter the practicability of carrying them out. Though with no definite
+object in view, but with a presentiment of their after utility, I have,
+during many provincial campaigns, collected architectural notes, as well as
+genealogical memoranda, from the churches I have visited. To these, such as
+they are, any of your readers is welcome, for the purposes to which I have
+referred, and I know many who would gladly send their contributions to such
+an undertaking.
+
+W. J. D. R.
+
+    Our next letter, though brief, is valuable as furnishing a case in
+    point, to prove the practical utility which would result from the
+    realisation of some well-considered scheme for the attainment of the
+    great national object which we are advocating.
+
+As an instance of the practical use of such a collection, let me inform
+your readers that in 1847, being engaged in an ejectment case on the home
+circuit, it became most important to show the identity of a young lady in
+the pedigree, the parish register of St. Christopher le Stocks only giving
+the name and date of burial. I found that when St. Christopher's was pulled
+down for the enlargement of the Bank of England, some kind antiquary had
+copied all the monuments. The book was found at the Herald's College; it
+contained an inscription proving the identity, and a verdict was obtained.
+
+J. S. B.
+
+    Our last communication is, we have reason to believe, from an active
+    and zealous Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, who would heartily
+    co-operate in carrying out the practical suggestions thrown out in his
+    letter.
+
+In Vol. iii, p. 218., you suggest that the Society of Antiquaries is the
+body which should undertake the task of forming a record of existing
+monuments in churches. Entirely agreeing in the opinion you have expressed,
+I would venture to offer some remarks on the subject. The undertaking is a
+vast and laborious one, and can only be effected by great subdivision of
+labour.
+
+That the Society of Antiquaries is the fittest agent for the work, I think
+admits of little doubt; its Fellows are widely spread throughout the
+country. In every neighbourhood may be found one or more gentlemen able and
+willing to give their aid, and to excite others to assist. The
+Archaeological Institute and the British Archaeological Association would
+doubtless add the weight of their influence, and the personal assistance of
+their members.
+
+The clergy throughout the country would be able and willing labourers; and
+surely these conjoined forces are adequate to the occasion.
+
+One consideration suggests itself, viz., whether {315} the record be
+confined to monuments in churches, or whether it should be extended to
+those in churchyards? I think it should be so extended, partially--that is,
+that _all_ the monuments in churches should be given; and such of the
+monuments in churchyards as, upon a careful inspection, may appear to be in
+any way worthy of preservation. We do not perhaps want the ten thousand
+"afflictions sore" which ten thousand John Smiths are stated to have "long
+time bore."
+
+The inscriptions in churches should be accompanied with rubbings of all
+brasses; and, as far as possible, with drawings of the most interesting
+monuments.
+
+I am satisfied the thing can be done, if it be undertaken with prudence,
+and continued with energy. The copies should be certified by the signature
+of the person making them, and they should all be transcribed on paper of
+the same description, so that they might be bound in volumes.
+
+The expense would probably be considerable, because in some instances paid
+labour might be requisite; but it would be as nothing compared with the
+magnitude and importance of the result; and if, as is probable, the Society
+of Antiquaries might hesitate at undertaking the whole charge, I doubt not
+that many would contribute towards it, and amongst them
+
+Q. D.
+
+    A very slight consideration of the object which it is proposed to
+    accomplish, and the means by which it can be attained, will show that
+    it falls properly into three distinct operations, namely, Collection,
+    Preservation, and Publication.
+
+    The first and most important is, the Collection of Materials. In this,
+    it is obvious, the co-operation of individuals well qualified for the
+    work may be secured in all parts of the country, provided some
+    well-defined plan of operation is furnished for their guidance, by some
+    recognised centre of union. A Committee of the Society of Antiquaries,
+    who should well consider and determine upon some uniform plan of
+    recording the inscriptions, &c., is clearly the body who, from their
+    position, could most effectually, and with the greatest propriety,
+    issue such circulars. That the Antiquaries would in this receive the
+    support of both the Archaeological Societies, there cannot, of course,
+    be any doubt.
+
+    And as we have in the Society of Antiquaries a machinery already
+    established for the proper collection of the materials, so we have an
+    existing and most appropriate place for their preservation in the
+    British Museum, where they may be consulted at all times, by all
+    parties, with the greatest facility, and free of charge.
+
+    These two great points, then, of Collection and Preservation, it is
+    clear may be attained at an expense so inconsiderable, compared with
+    the benefits to be gained from their accomplishment, that we cannot
+    believe in their failure from want of funds.
+
+    For the accomplishment of the third great end, that of Publication,
+    there is no existing machinery. But let the work of collection and
+    preservation be once fairly entered upon--let it be seen how valuable a
+    collection of materials has been gathered ready to the hand of a
+    Society which should undertake its publication, and there need be
+    little fear that from the supporters of the various Antiquarian,
+    Archaeological, and Publishing Societies, now spread throughout the
+    country, there would be found plenty of good men and true ready to lend
+    their aid to the printings and publishing of the MONUMENTARIUM
+    ANGLICANUM.
+
+    But as the first step is COLLECTION--and that step is the one in which
+    the SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES can best move, we trust that the present
+    year, in which this Society celebrates the centenary of its chartered
+    existence, will be signalised by its promotion of such a Record of
+    Existing Monuments as is here proposed; which cannot be otherwise
+    regarded--(and we use the words of the Society's Charter)--than as
+    "good, useful, honest, and necessary for the encouragement,
+    advancement, and furtherance of the study and knowledge of Antiquities
+    and the History of this Country."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IV.
+
+_The Pilgrimage to Canterbury._
+
+ "Whanne that April with his shoures sote
+  The droughte of March hath perced to the rote,
+  And bathed every veine in swiche licour
+  Of which vertue engendred is the flour;
+  When Zephyrus eke with his sote brethe
+  Enspired hath in every holt and hethe
+  The tendre croppes--and the yonge Sonne
+  Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne;
+      *    *    *    *
+  Than longen folk to gon on pilgrimages--
+      *    *    *    *
+      *    *    *    *
+  Befelle, that in that seson, on a day."--_Prologue._
+
+I quote these lines because I wish to show that Tyrwhitt, in taking them as
+indicative of the very day on which the journey to Canterbury was
+performed, committed a great mistake.
+
+The whole of the opening of the prologue, down to the line last quoted, is
+descriptive, not of any particular day, but of the usual season of
+pilgrimages; and Chaucer himself plainly declares, by the words "in _that_
+seson, on _a_ day"--that the day is _as yet_ indefinite. {316}
+
+But because Tyrwhitt, who, although an excellent literary critic, was by no
+means an acute reader of his author's meaning, was incapable of
+appreciating the admirable combination of physical facts by which Chaucer
+has not only identified the real day of the pilgrimage, but has placed it,
+as it were, beyond the danger of alteration by any possible corruption in
+the text, he set aside these physical facts altogether, and took in lieu of
+them the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue quoted above, which, I
+contend, Chaucer did not intend to bear any reference to the day of the
+journey itself, but only to the general season in which it was undertaken.
+
+But Tyrwhitt, having seized upon a favourite idea, seems to have been
+determined to carry it through, at any cost, even at that of altering the
+text from "_the Ram_" into "_the Bull_:" and I fear that he can scarcely be
+acquitted of unfair and intentional misquotation of Chaucer's words, by
+transposing "his halfe cours" into "half his course," which is by no means
+an equivalent expression. Here are his own words:
+
+    "When he (Chaucer) tells us that 'the shoures of April had _perced to
+    the rote_ the drought of March' (ver. 1, 2.), we must suppose, in order
+    to allow due time for such an operation, that April was far advanced;
+    while, on the other hand, the place of the sun, 'having just run _half
+    his course in the Ram_' (ver. 7, 8.), restrains us to some day in the
+    very latter end of March. This difficulty may, and, I think, should, be
+    removed by reading in ver. 8. the BULL, instead of the RAM. All the
+    parts of the description will then be consistent with themselves, and
+    with another passage (ver. 4425.), where, in the best MSS., the _eighte
+    and twenty_ day of April is named as the day of the journey to
+    Canterbury."--_Introductory Discourse._
+
+Accordingly, Mr. Tyrwhitt did not hesitate to adopt in his text the
+twenty-eighth of April as the true date, without stopping to examine
+whether that day would, or would not, be consistent with the subsequent
+phenomena related by Chaucer.
+
+Notwithstanding Tyrwhitt's assertion of a difficulty only removable by
+changing the Ram into the Bull, there are no less than two ways of
+understanding the seventh and eighth lines of the prologue so as to be
+perfectly in accordance with the rest of the description. One of these
+would be to suppose the sign Aries divided into two portions (not
+necessarily _equal_ in the phraseology of the time), one of which would
+appertain to March, anal the other to April--and that Chaucer, by the
+"halfe cours yronne," meant the _last_, or _the April_, half of the sign
+Aries. But I think a more probable supposition still would be to imagine
+the month of April, of which Chaucer was speaking, to be divided into two
+"halfe cours," in one of which the sun would be in Aries, and in the other
+in Taurus; and that when Chaucer says that "the yonge Sonne had in the Ram
+his halfe cours yronne," he meant that the _Aries half of the month of
+April_ had been run through, thereby indicating _in general terms_ some
+time approaching to the middle of April.
+
+Both methods of explaining the phrase lead eventually to the same result,
+which is also identical with the interpretation of Chaucer's own
+contemporaries, as appears in its imitation by Lydgate in the opening of
+his "Story of Thebes:"
+
+ "Whan bright Phebus passed was the Ram,
+  Midde of Aprill, and into the Bull came."
+
+And it is by no means the least remarkable instance of want of perception
+in Tyrwhitt, that he actually cites these two lines of Lydgate's _as
+corroborative of his own interpretation_, which places the sun _in the
+middle of Taurus_.
+
+I enter into this explanation, not that I think it necessary to examine too
+curiously into the consistency of an expression which evidently was
+intended only in a general sense, but that the groundlessness of Tyrwhitt's
+alleged necessity for the alteration of "the Ram" into "the Bull" might
+more clearly appear.
+
+I have said that Tyrwhitt was not a competent critic of Chaucer's practical
+science, and I may perhaps be expected to point out some other instance of
+his failure in that respect than is afforded by the subject itself. This I
+may do by reference to a passage in "The Marchante's Tale," which evinces a
+remarkable want of perception not only in Tyrwhitt, but in all the editors
+of Chaucer that I have had an opportunity of consulting.
+
+The morning of the garden scene is said in the text to be "er that dayes
+eight were passed of the month of _Juil_"--but, a little further on, the
+same day is thus described:
+
+ "Bright was the day and blew the firmament,
+  Phebus of gold his stremes doun hath sent
+  To gladen every flour with his warmnesse;
+  He was that time in Geminis, I gesse,
+  But litel fro his declination
+  In Cancer."
+
+How is it possible that any person could read these lines and not be struck
+at once with the fact that they refer to the 8th of _June_ and not to the
+8th of _July_? The sun would leave Gemini and enter Cancer on the 12th of
+June; Chaucer was describing the 8th, and with his usual accuracy he places
+the sun "but litel fro" _the summer solstice_!
+
+Since "Juil" is an error common perhaps to all previous editions, Tyrwhitt
+might have been excused for repeating it, if he had been satisfied with
+only that: but he must signalise _his edition_ by inserting in the Glossary
+attached to it--"JUIL, _the month of July_," referring, as the sole {317}
+authority for the word, to this very line in question of "The Marchante's
+Tale!"
+
+Nor does the proof, against him in particular, end even there; he further
+shows that his attention must have been especially drawn to this garden
+scene by his assertion that Pluto and Proserpine were the prototypes of
+Oberon and Titania; and yet he failed to notice a circumstance that would
+have added some degree of plausibility to the comparison, namely, that
+Chaucer's, as well as Shakspeare's, was a _Midsummer Dream_.
+
+It is, perhaps, only justice to Urry to state that _he_ appears to have
+been aware of the error that would arise from attributing such a situation
+of the sun to the month of July. The manner in which the lines are printed
+in _his_ edition is this:--
+
+                 "ere the dayis eight
+  Were passid, er' the month July befill."
+
+It is just possible to twist the meaning of this into _the eighth of the
+Kalends of July_, by which the blunder would be in some degree lessened;
+but such a reading would be as foreign to Chaucer's astronomy as the lines
+themselves are to his poetry.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+Leeds, April 8. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ACADEMIES OF SIR FRANCIS KYNASTON AND SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.
+
+Among the many interesting associations connected with old Covent Garden
+and its neighbourhood, we ought not to overlook Sir Francis Kynaston's
+"Museum Minervae."
+
+In the year 1635, King Charles the First granted his letters patent to Sir
+Francis Kynaston, "Esquire of the body to his Majesty," whereby a house in
+Covent Garden, which Sir Francis had purchased, and furnished with books,
+manuscripts, musical and mathematical instruments, paintings, statues,
+antiques, &c., was appropriated for ever as a college for the education of
+the young, nobility, and others, under the name of the "Museum Minervae."
+Sir Francis Kynaston was made the governor with the title of "regent;"
+Edward May, Thomas Hunt, Nicholas Phiske, John Spidell, Walter Salter,
+Michael Mason, fellows and professors of philosophy and medicine, music,
+astronomy, geometry, languages, &c. They had power to elect professors also
+of horsemanship, dancing, painting, engraving, &c.; were made a body
+corporate, were permitted to use a common seal, and to possess goods and
+lands in mortmain. (Pat. 11 Car. pt. 8. No. 14.) In the following year,
+1636, was published, dedicated to the "Regent and Professors," _The
+Constitutions of the Museum Minervae; giving an Account of an Academy for
+teaching chiefly Navigation, Riding, Fortification, Architecture, Painting,
+and other useful Accomplishments_.
+
+The "Museum" seems to have been highly patronised, for we find that on the
+27th February, 1635 (the year of its foundation), Prince Charles, the Duke
+of York, and the Lady Mary their sister, honoured it with their presence to
+witness a masque, entitled "Corona Minervae," which was written and prepared
+for the occasion by Sir Francis Kynaston. This masque was, I believe,
+printed in the year of its production, but I do not find it mentioned in
+the last edition of the _Biographia Dramatica_.
+
+Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_, mentions (p. 42.) that
+
+    "Sir Francis Kynaston, the poet, was living in Covent Garden in 1636,
+    on the east side of the street towards Berrie" (Bedfordbury).
+
+And again, in his notice of Bedford Street (p. 44.), he says, Sir Francis
+resided "on the west side in 1637." Both these entries refer to the same
+residence--a noble mansion, built in the year 1594, which, after being
+inhabited by several important families, finally passed into the possession
+of Sir Francis Kynaston, who altered and adapted it (rebuilding some
+portions) as the college of the "Museum Minervae." The ground plan, which is
+now before me, exhibits a well-arranged and commodious building with two
+fronts, one in what is now Bedfordbury, and the other (probably added by
+Sir Francis) in the street now called Bedford Street. The building, when
+Sir Francis Kynaston purchased it in 1634, stood in the centre of a large
+garden. The surrounding streets,--King Street, New Street, Bedford Street,
+Chandos Street, Henrietta Street, and Bedfordbury, were not commenced
+building until the year 1637.
+
+The "Museum Minervae" is not named in Mr. Cunningham's excellent _Handbook_;
+but when we take into consideration the enormous amount of information
+required for a work of the kind, we ought not to blame the author for a few
+trifling omissions.
+
+Sir Balthazar Gerbier, an enterprising projector of the same century, by
+profession a painter and an architect, but now scarcely remembered as
+either, seems to have imitated the "Museum Minervae" in an academy opened at
+Bethnal Green in 1649. Here, in addition to the more common branches of
+education, he professed to teach astronomy, navigation, architecture,
+perspective, drawing, limning, engraving, fortification, fireworks,
+military discipline, the art of well speaking and civil conversation,
+history, constitutions and maxims of state, and particular dispositions of
+nations, "riding the great horse," &c. Once in each week, at three o'clock
+in the afternoon, Sir Balthazar gave a public lecture gratis on the various
+sciences. The lectures were {318} generally advertised in the _Perfect
+Diurnal_, and a few curious specimens of these advertisements may be seen
+in Lysons' _Environs of London_, ed. 1795, vol. ii. p. 30.
+
+Balthazar Gerbier was born at Antwerp about 1591, came young into England,
+and was a retainer of the Duke of Buckingham as early as 1613. Upon the
+accession of Charles the First, he was employed in Flanders to negociate
+privately a treaty with Spain. In 1628 he was knighted at Hampton Court;
+and, as he says himself in one of his books, was promised by the king the
+office of surveyor-general of the works, after the death of Inigo Jones. In
+1637 he was employed in some private transactions of state; and on the 13th
+of July, 1641, he took the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, having a bill
+of naturalisation. In 1648 he appears to have projected the above-named
+academy, the failure of which very soon happened. Sir Balthazar then went
+to America, where he seems to have been very ill treated by the Dutch, and
+narrowly escaped with his life. He afterwards returned to England, and
+designed the triumphal arch for the reception of Charles the Second. He
+died at Hempsted-marshal, in 1667, whilst engaged in superintending the
+mansion of Lord Craven, and was buried in the chancel of that church.
+
+In conclusion, it may be as well to mention, that, prior to the
+establishment of the "Museum Minervae," a committee had been appointed in
+the House of Lords, consisting of the Duke of Buckingham and others, for
+taking into consideration the state of the public schools, and method of
+education. What progress was made in this inquiry is not known, but in all
+probability the academies of Sir Francis Kynaston and Sir Balthazar Gerbier
+owed their origin to the meetings of this committee.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE AND FLETCHER.
+
+I feel greatly obliged to your correspondent C. B. for the attention he has
+bestowed on the question of Fletcher's connexion with _Henry VIII._, as it
+is only through the concurrent judgments of those who think the subject
+worthy of their full and impartial consideration, that we can hope to
+arrive at the truth. His remarks (Vol. iii., p. 190.) are the more
+valuable, as they coincide with a doubt in my own mind, which has, to a
+great extent, ripened since I last communicated with you on the subject;
+and, indeed, I have no need to hesitate in saying, that I had more
+difficulty in coming to a conclusion with regard to the scene (Act III. Sc.
+2.) in which the passages occur quoted by C. B., than with any other scene
+in the whole play. The suggestions, that Shakspeare might have touched
+scenes of which the mass had been written by Fletcher, is a point which I
+had not overlooked, and which indeed, to some extent, might be said to
+follow from the view I took of the relation of Shakspeare and Fletcher as
+master and scholar. Yet this suggestion is especially valuable regarding
+this scene, and may account for that which, without it, is not so easily
+explained.
+
+If, however, there be any lurking notion in your correspondent's mind, that
+the scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_ (Act III. Sc. 1) referred to by X. Z.
+(Vol. iii., p. 139.) is, judging from certain coincidences of expression,
+an interpolation, and not by Shakspeare, I beg at once to be allowed to
+express my total dissent from such a view. Whether, also, there may have
+been any secondary allusion to some known event of the day, as X. Z.
+supposes, and as is by no means improbable, I cannot say; but I protest
+against its being said that the scene referred to is "totally unconnected
+with what goes before, and what follows." Antony is the hero of the play;
+and this scene shows the culminating point of Antony's fortunes, when his
+very successes turn against him.
+
+To return to _Henry VIII._, the compliment to the Queen, to which your
+correspondent refers, is, as he very justly observes, brought in in a very
+forced manner. This, to my mind, is very strong evidence; otherwise I
+should not think it unworthy of Shakspeare. And it still has to be borne in
+mind, that he would have had to accommodate his characters and
+circumstances to the views of another writer. Shakspeare's spirit was too
+catholic, too universal, to have allowed, in a work entirely his own, even
+his Wolsey to have made use of the term "a spleeny Lutheran;" yet neither
+in the passage in which this expression occurs, nor in the one above
+referred to, is the versification characteristic of Fletcher. For my own
+part, however, I cannot recognise Shakspeare's spirit in this antagonism of
+creeds, which is, perhaps, even more strongly displayed in the prophetic
+speech of Cranmer's in the last scene, wherein he says, "God shall be truly
+known!" It may be said, that in both these instances the expressions are
+true to the characters of Wolsey and Cranmer. It may be so; for both are
+wanting in that ideal elevation which Shakspeare never fails to give. That,
+with this reservation, he becomes the mouth-piece of each character, is
+most true; and a curious instance of the writer's utter forgetfulness of
+his assumed character of contemporary with the events he is relating,
+occurring in Act. IV. Sc. 2 where Griffiths says--
+
+ "He was most princely: ever witness for him
+  Those twins of learning, that he rais'd in you,
+  Ipswich and Oxford! _one of which fell with him_,
+  Unwilling to outlive the good that did it;
+  The other, though unfinish'd, yet so famous,
+  So excellent in art, _and still so rising_,"--
+
+{319} has no parallel in Shakspeare's works. To John Fletcher, indeed, at
+the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, these things were known; but
+scarcely to the attendant of Queen Katherine, who has but just narrated the
+circumstances, then newly happened, of Wolsey's fall. On maturer
+consideration, then, I am inclined to think that the whole of the scene
+(Act III. Sc. 2.) to which your correspondent refers, was originally
+written by Fletcher, although, as it now stands, it is strongly marked by
+the hand of Shakspeare. In the same category, also, I am inclined to place
+Scenes 3. and 4. of Act II. It will be observed that these changes are not
+inconsistent with the view I had previously taken; the effect being merely,
+that I am inclined to ascribe a little more than in the first instance to
+the hitherto unsuspected participator in the work. I am not sure, too, that
+I shall not be coming nearer to MR. SPEDDING; as, if I am not mistaken, it
+is in some of these scenes that he imagines he detects "a third hand;" a
+theory which, though I do not adopt, I certainly have not confidence enough
+to reject altogether. But this view affects so very small a portion of the
+play, that it is of very little consequence.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF TENNYSON.
+
+That great poets are sometimes obscure, needs no proof. That the greatest
+poets will necessarily be so to the ordinary reader, seems to me equally
+indisputable.
+
+Not without effort can one enter into the spontaneous thought of another,
+or even of himself in another mood. How much more when that other is
+distinguished from his fellows by the _greatness_ and _singularity_ of his
+thoughts, and by the extreme subtilty of their connecting links. Obscurity
+is not a blemish but an excellence, if the pains of seeking are more than
+compensated by the pleasures of finding, the luxury of [Greek: mathesis],
+where the concentrated energy of a passage, when once understood, gives it
+a hold on the imagination and memory such as were ill sacrificed to more
+diluted clearness.
+
+_Grandis praefatio tenui incepto_--a sort of apology to Tennyson for
+implying that he needs illustration. Some time ago I made a few notes on
+particular passages in _Locksley Hall_, which I now enclose. Some of them
+are, I dare say, superfluous--some, possibly, erroneous. If so, they will
+stand a fair chance of being corrected in your valuable publication.
+
+By the bye, if a "NOTES AND QUERIES" had existed in the days of AEschylus,
+we might have been saved from many a recourse to "corrupt text" and "lacunae
+admodum deflendae."
+
+_Notes on Locksley Hall._
+
+Stanza 2. "Dreary gleams:" in apposition with "curlews." I know the
+construction of this line has puzzled a good many readers.
+
+Stanza 23. "Yet it shall be." Yet "decline" thou certainly wilt.
+
+Stanza 28. "He will answer," &c. With an oath, it may be--at the least with
+a coarse rebuff.
+
+Stanza 29. "The heart's disgrace." The disgrace, the injury, and
+degradation the heart has suffered--its prostitution to a mercenary service
+by a marriage of interest.
+
+Stanza 34. "Never." Alas! I never can.
+
+Stanza 35. "In division of the records of the mind." In dividing my
+recollections of her into two groups, and erasing the one.
+
+Stanza 38. "The poet is" (as I think has been already pointed out) Dante.
+
+Stanza 40. "He hunts," &c. He--thy husband.
+
+Stanza 42. "Never, never," &c. Never again! (joys never to return) sung by
+the ghosts of years departed.
+
+Stanza 51. "I have but an angry fancy"--my only _qualification_.
+
+Stanza 53. "But the jingling of the guinea," &c. But there is no fighting
+now: the nations get over their quarrels in another way--by the jingling of
+the guinea, instead of the clang of arms.
+
+Stanzas 54. "Mother-age."; 93. "Mother-age, for mine I know not."
+
+This mother-age is a great difficulty. At first I took it for _the past of
+history_, but now understand by it _the past of his own life_, at least its
+earliest and brightest period--that age which had been as a mother, the
+only mother he ever knew.
+
+Stanza 70. "Youthful joys." The bright hopes of his youth. (?)
+
+Stanza 75. "Blinder motions," Less rational, less well-guided emotions.
+
+Stanza 91. "The distance." The distant future, the "good time coming."
+
+There are some lines in _In Memoriam_ (I have not the book at hand, but any
+reader thereof will instantly recollect them), which indicate Tennyson's
+acquaintance with and appreciation of Jeremy Taylor, who thus expresses the
+thoughts of the "wild fellow in Petronius," suggested by the sight of a
+floating corpse.
+
+    "That peradventure this man's wife, in some part of the Continent, safe
+    and warm, looks next month for the good man's return or, it may be, his
+    son knows nothing of the tempest: or his father thinks of that
+    affectionate kiss which is still warm upon the good old man's cheek
+    ever since he took a kind farewell; and he weeps with joy to think how
+    blessed he shall be when his beloved boy returns into the circle of his
+    father's arms."--_Holy Dying._
+
+Compare with "Sure never moon to evening," &c., in the same poem, and I
+think the same place: {320}
+
+ "Nec nox ulla diem, neque noctem aurora secuta est,
+  Quae non audierit mistos vagitibus aegris
+  Ploratus mortis comites, et funeris atri."--_Lucretius_, ii. 579.
+
+G. P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Sacramental Wine_ (Vol. iii., p. 179.).--From a note by MR. ALBERT WAY, on
+the use of sacramental wine, one would be led to infer that it was
+recommended on account of some superstitious belief in its superior
+excellency from having been used in religious worship; but I would suggest
+that the same reasons which recommend Teynt wine, the kind generally used
+for the Sacrament, are those which have established for it a reputation in
+cases of sickness: these are its rich red colour, and sweet and agreeable
+flavour.
+
+Weakness is popularly supposed to be caused by a thinness and want of
+blood; if wine be recommended for this, there is a deeply rooted prejudice
+in favour of red wine because the blood is red, and upon no better
+principle than that which prescribes the yellow bark of the barberry for
+the yellow state of jaundice; the nettle, for the nettle-rash; and the
+navel-wort (_Cotyledon umbilicus_), for weakness about the umbilical
+region. The truth is, that rustic practice is much influenced by the
+doctrine of similitudes, the principle of "_similia similibus curantur_"
+having been more extensively recognised in the olden time than since the
+days of Hahnemann.
+
+The sweetness of Teynt wine would recommend it for children, to whom a
+stronger wine is generally distasteful; but Port is generally prescribed as
+a tonic for adults.
+
+It may further be remarked, that the recommendation to give Sacramental
+wine might arise from the fact, that, as in some parishes more wine is
+provided than is required, the remainder is put by to be given to the poor
+who may require it at the hands of the clergyman.
+
+In sending these remarks, I am led to request that your correspondents
+would make Notes upon such old wives' remedies as are employed upon the
+principles I have mentioned.
+
+JAMES BUCKMAN.
+
+Cirencester, April 12.
+
+_Cure of Disease by means of Sheep._--A child in my parish has been for
+some time afflicted with disease of some of the respiratory organs. The
+mother was recommended to have it carried through a flock of sheep as they
+were let out of the fold in the morning. The time was considered to be of
+importance.
+
+[Hebrew: B].
+
+L---- Rectory, Somerset.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT INEDITED BALLADS, NO. IV.
+
+I next transcribe the following lines from the same MS. as my last. It is
+another epitaph on the Mr. Browne that I mentioned in No. II. It contains a
+curious illustration of a passage in Shakspeare, which has been often
+debated in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES," and so deserves preservation.
+
+    "Vpon the death of that right worthye man, MR. BROWNE, late of Caius
+    and Gonville Colledge disceased. Epicedion."--(_Harl. MSS._, No. 367.
+    fol. 155.)
+
+ "If vowes or teares from heartes or eyes,
+  Could pearce the unpenitrable skyes,
+  Then might he live, that now heere lyes.
+
+  But teares are tonguelesse, vowes are vaine,
+  T' recall what fate calls; els how faine                       5
+  What death hath seis'd, wold I regaine.
+
+  But sure th' immortal one belaves
+  This wished soule in 's blissfull waves:
+  Ill comes too oft, when no man craves.
+
+  Rest, therefore, vrne, rest quietlye,                         10
+  And when my fates shall call on me,
+  So may I rest, as I wish the.
+                     "R. CONSTABLE,
+                          Caio-Gonvillensis."
+
+I need hardly point out the striking similarity between the expression in
+Shakspeare--
+
+                 "and the delighted spirit
+  To bathe in fiery floods,"--
+
+and the third stanza of this poem.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POETICAL COINCIDENCES, ETC.
+
+_Byron._
+
+In the _Jealous Lovers_ of Thomas Randolph, the following passage occurs,
+which may possibly have suggested to Lord Byron the fearful curse he has
+put into the mouth of Eve, in "the grand and tremendous drama of
+_Cain_."[1]
+
+                 "May perpetual jealousie
+  Wait on their beds, and poison their embraces
+  With just suspitions; may their children be
+  Deform'd, and fright the mother at the birth:
+  May they live long and wretched; all men's hate,
+  And yet have misery enough for pity:
+  May they be long a-dying--of diseases
+  Painful and loathsome," &c.
+
+That exquisite stanza in the Third Canto of _Childe Harold_, "Even as a
+broken mirror," &c., has been often admired. In Carew's poem, _The Spark_,
+I find the following lines, which contain similar image:
+
+{321}
+
+ "And as a looking-glass, from the aspect,
+  Whilst it is whole, doth but one face reflect,
+  But being crack'd, or broken, there are shown
+  Many half faces, which at first were one;
+  So Love," &c.
+
+To the coincidences which have been already pointed out regarding that
+exquisite line in the _Bride of Abydos_:
+
+ "The mind, the music breathing from her face,"
+
+the following from Carew may perhaps be added:
+
+ "The harmony of colours, features, grace,
+  Resulting airs (the magic of a face)
+  Of musical sweet tunes, all which combin'd,
+  To crown one sovereign beauty, lie confined
+  To this dark vault."--_Epitaph on the Lady S._
+
+All will recollect the wonderful description of the shipwreck in _Don
+Juan_; and more particularly the incidents so graphically related in
+stanzas 52 and 53 of the Second Canto: to a part of which, the following
+passage fro Lee's _Oedipus_ bears some resemblance:
+
+             "Methought I heard a voice,
+  Now roaring like the ocean, when the winds
+  Fight with the waves; now in a still small tone
+  Your dying accents fell, as wrecking ships,
+  After the dreadful yell, sink murm'ring down,
+  And bubble up a noise."
+
+I have now before me a print of John, the first Lord Byron, engraved from a
+painting in the collection of Lord Delaware; in which he is pourtrayed in
+armour, with a truncheon in the left hand, and the _right arm bare_ to
+above the elbow. Can this have suggested to Lord Byron the idea of
+describing "Alp the renegade" as fighting with "the white arm bare," in the
+_Siege of Corinth_?
+
+Byron refers to Smollett as an authority for "blatant beast," apparently
+forgetting that the figure originated with Spenser. Again, in a note to
+_Don Juan_ respecting his use of the phrase "reformadoes," he remarks:
+
+    "The Baron Bradwardine, in _Waverley_, is authority for the word."
+
+It occurs, however, in Ben Jonson, and may be found in Blount's
+_Glossographia_; Phillips's _World of Words_, and other old dictionaries of
+the same period.
+
+T. C. SMITH.
+
+[Footnote 1: Sir Walter Scott.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO.
+
+Amidst the Apennines, far removed from the ordinary track of tourists, is
+the diminutive republic of San Marino, which boasts never to have been
+subjugated. Whether it has escaped invasion because it has escaped notice,
+or because burglars never attack an empty cottage, is a point which I shall
+not stop to discuss. Few travellers visit it, but the trouble of doing so
+would be amply repaid. The situation is highly romantic; and the view from
+the summit of the bold escarpment, upon which the town is perched, extends
+over a wilderness of mountains.
+
+The population of the territory is said not to exceed 6,000 or 7,000 souls.
+Its whole income is derived from a moderate duty on tobacco; and its
+standing army (for it possesses this indispensable incident to political
+independence) is chiefly employed in vain attempts to prevent the evasion
+of that duty.
+
+Among the greatest and most highly esteemed curiosities of the place, is a
+statue of Christ on the cross, with a head of real hair, which is cut twice
+a year, and always grows again! This faculty of reproduction is as
+profitable as it is wonderful; for, besides the resort of pious visitors,
+drawn by the capillary attractions of such a miraculous piece of sculpture,
+the locks that are cut off are stated, by the ecclesiastical functionaries
+in charge of the statue, to be a sure preservative against all harm to the
+wearer, and are of course in request as an article of commerce. My object
+in communicating to you these notes, is to introduce to you a copy, which I
+transcribed myself, of one of the state papers preserved in the archives of
+the republic. It appears to be a letter of encouragement, addressed by the
+Priors and Gonfaloniere of the republic of Florence to that of S. Marino,
+during a siege that the latter was undergoing. Perhaps some of your readers
+may be able to point out the precise occasion that called for the letter.
+
+SYDNEY SMIRKE.
+
+    "Magnifici viri amici nri car^{mi}, Habbiamo vedato la lettera vi
+    scrive il Governatore, et habbiamo inteso la volunta dello exercito
+    della Chiesa. Dovete essere di buono animo et stare constanti et fermi:
+    et perdere la vita insieme con la liberta che e meglo allo huomo uso a
+    essere libero, essere morto che essere servo. Iddio a chi piace la
+    liberta vi aiutera difenderai: et noi et la nra lega non vi manchera:
+    havete inteso le provisioni facte et di denari et di gente ad Arimino;
+    et faremo delle altre tante che saranno abastanza. Valete. Ex palatio
+    nro die viij. Junij, M.CCCCLXVIIIj.
+
+     "Priores libertatis et }
+      Vexillifer Justitiae   }  Populi Florentinj.
+
+    "Barth. Scala.
+
+    "Magnificis Viris hominibus terrae S[=a] Marini amicis nris car^{mis}."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ST. FRANCIS.
+
+I think Mrs. Jameson, in her _Legends of the Monastic Orders_, has left
+unnoticed the very remarkable book of the _Conformity of St. Francis's Life
+with that of Jesus Christ_, a work, the blasphemy of which is only equalled
+by its absurdity.
+
+The book was written by Bartholomew of Pisa, a monk of the order, and
+licensed in 1399 by the general of the Minorites.
+
+    "Approbatum est a fr. Henrico ord. frat. Minorum generali ministro et
+    servo et caeteris ministris et diffinitoribus capituli generalis apud
+    Sacrum locum de Assisio die 2 Augusti A.D. 1399."
+
+{322}
+
+The title of the first edition, which is very rare, is as follows:
+
+    "Liber Conformitatum Vitae S. Francisci ad Vitam Jesu Christi. Authore
+    Fr. Bartholomaeo degli Albizzi, ex recens. Fran. Zenonis. Impressum
+    Mediolani per Gotardum Ponticum apud templum Sancti Satyri. Anno
+    M.CCCCCX. die 18 mensis Septembris. In fol. literis quadratis."
+
+The Second edition:
+
+    "Opus aur. et inexplicabilis bonitatis et continentiae, Conformitatum
+    scilicet vitae Beati Fr[=a]. ad vit[=a] D[=i]. [=n]ri Jesu x[=p]i.
+    Mediolani, in edibus Zanoti castilionei 1513. in fol. goth."
+
+The third edition, also in folio, appeared at Bologne (1590) as "Liber
+aureus, inscriptus liber Conformitatum, etc., per Hierem Bucchium," with
+some alterations in the text.
+
+Fourth edition:
+
+    "Vita S. Fra[=n]. conf. ad vit. Xti., per S. Bonaventuram Conscriptu ab
+    Henr. Sedulio Co[=m]. illustrata, 4to., Antr. 1597."
+
+Another edition, by Jer. Bacch, in folio, appeared at Bologne in 1620; and
+an abridged edition in octavo, by Phil. Bosquier, at Cologne, under the
+title of _Antiquitates Franciscanae_, a very good edition of the _Liber
+Conform._, "Et ex Annalibus Madingi collecta per Tibur. Navarrum," was
+published in 4to. at Rome in 1670.
+
+The late Dr. Elrington had a very fine copy of the following French
+translation:--
+
+    "Traite des Conformites du Disciple avec son Maitre, c'est a dire, de
+    Saint Francois avec J. C., etc., le tout recueilli par un frere mineur
+    recollect. (Valentin Maree.) Liege, 1658-60. 4 part en 3 vol. in 4to."
+
+In 1542 a small volume was put forth, containing choice passages from the
+_Liber Conformitatum_, with a preface and letter to the reader, purporting
+to be from Martin Luther. It was accordingly by many attributed to him; the
+real compiler was Erasmus Alberus. The title of the first edition is
+
+    "Alcoranus Franciscorum, etc., ex libro conformitatum: Francof. 1542,
+    parv. 8vo."
+
+It was reprinted, with a French translation, by Conrad Badius, at Geneva,
+1560 or 1578; so says Brunet.
+
+The best edition of this work was that published at Amsterdam in 1734, in
+two vols. 12 mo., with some capital plates by Picart. The title is--
+
+    "L'Alcoran des Cordeliers, tant en Latin qu'en Francois; c'est a dire,
+    Recueil des plus notables bourdes et blasphemes de ceux qui ont ose
+    comparer Sainet Francois a Jesus Christ; tire du grand livre des
+    _Conformites_, jadis compose par frere Barthelemi de Pise, Cordelier en
+    son vivant. Nouvelle edition, ornee de figures dessinees par B. Picart.
+    A Amsterdam. Aux Defens de la Compagnie. MDCCXXXIV."
+
+Another work, printed the same year, is often found with this:--
+
+    "Legende Doree, ou Sommaire de l'Histoire des Freres-mendians de
+    l'ordre de Saint Francois. (Par Nic. Vignier.) Amsterdam, 1734. 12mo.
+    Reimpr. sur l'ed. de Leyde, 1608 in 8vo."
+
+Thomas of Celano, the friend and scholar of St. Francis, and the author of
+the famous _Dies Irae_, after the saint's death composed a brief account of
+his life, which he afterwards greatly enlarged, and which even now is the
+most authentic we possess. I should be glad to know the best, as well as
+the latest editions of this life.
+
+    "Francis," said Luther, "was no doubt an honest and just man. He little
+    thought that such superstition and unbelief should proceed out of his
+    life."--_Tischreden._
+
+Berington says of St. Francis:
+
+    "In an age of less intemperance in religion, miracles and the fancied
+    intervention of peculiar favours from heaven, would not have been
+    deemed necessary to stamp worth and admiration on a character which in
+    itself possessed the purest excellences that fall to the lot of man.
+    But this circumstance, and more than this, the reception which an
+    institute so peculiarly framed met with, serve to manifest the singular
+    taste of the age."--_Berington's Henry II._, p. 629.
+
+"It is scarcely possible," says Mr. Massingberd, "to read the history of
+St. Francis of Assisi, without believing that there was in him a sincere
+and self-devoted, however ill-directed, piety." We must not let the foolish
+legends afterwards written of him lower him in our estimation, nor cease to
+regard him as a sincere and devoted Christian.
+
+MARICONDA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Charles Lamb's Epitaph._--Perhaps the following lines, which I have copied
+from the gravestone of Charles Lamb, who lies in the churchyard at
+Edmonton, may be interesting to those of your readers who are among the
+admirers of the witty and gentle Elia:--
+
+ "Farewell, dear friend; that smile, that harmless mirth,
+  No more shall gladden our domestic hearth;
+  That rising tear, with pain forbid to flow,
+  Better than words, no more assuage our woe;
+  That hand outstretch'd from small but well-earn'd store,
+  Yield succour to the destitute no more.
+
+  Yet art thou not all lost; thro' many an age
+  With sterling sense and humour shall thy page
+  Win many an English bosom, pleased to see
+  That old and happier vein revived in thee.
+  This for our earth, and if with friends we share
+  Our joys in heav'n, we hope to meet thee there."
+
+I have heard it conjectured that the above were written by Wordsworth. I
+shall feel obliged if any of your readers will inform me whether the late
+laureate was the author of them or not?
+
+MARIA S.
+
+Edmonton.
+
+{323}
+
+_M. or N._ (Vol. i., p. 415.; Vol. ii., p. 61.).--There have been several
+suggestions as to the origin of the use of these letters in the services of
+the church, but I do not think that any correspondent has hit upon the very
+simple one which I have always considered to be most probably the true
+explanation; which is, that as these services were compiled when algebra
+stood much higher in the rank of sciences than it does at present, it is by
+no means unlikely that these two letters should be used to signify
+indefinite and variable _names_, as they are in algebra to represent
+indefinite or variable _numbers_, in the same manner as A. B. C. are as
+signs of known or definite, and X. Y. Z. of unknown sums.
+
+E. H. Y.
+
+_Henry VIII. and Sir Thos. Curwen._--The following quaint extract from
+Sandford's MS. _History of Cumberland_, now in the library of the Dean and
+Chapter of Carlisle, exhibits that "reknowned king," Henry VIII., in so
+good-natured a light, that I think, if you can find a corner for it, it may
+amuse some of your readers. That the good knight and "excelent archer"
+should have been so outwitted by his son-in-law is a matter of some regret
+to one of his descendants:--
+
+    "Sir Thos. Curwen, Knight, in Henry the Eight's time, an excelent
+    archer at twelvescore merks; and went up with his men to shoote with
+    that reknowned King at the dissolution of abbeys: and the King says to
+    him, Curwen, why doth thee begg none of these Abbeys? I wold gratify
+    thee some way. Quoth the other, Thank yow, and afterward said he wold
+    desire of him the Abbie of ffurness (nye unto him) for 20^{ty} one
+    yeares. Sayes the King: take it for ever: quoth the other, it is long
+    enough, for youle set them up againe in that time: but they not likely
+    to be set up againe, this Sir Tho. Curwen sent Mr. Preston, who had
+    married his daughter, to renew the lease for him; and he even rennewed
+    in his own name; which when his father-in-law questioned, quoth Mr.
+    Preston, you shall have it as long as you live; and I think I may as
+    well have it with your daughter as another."
+
+After some descents, this family of Preston, of the manor of Furness,
+terminated in a daughter, who married Sir William Lowther, whose grandson
+left his estates in Furness and Cartmell to his cousin, Lord George
+Cavendish, through whom they are inherited by the Earl of Burlington. As
+Harry the Eighth's good intentions towards Sir Thomas Curwen have been
+frustrated, his descendants must console themselves by knowing that the
+glorious old ruin of Furness could not be in better hands than his
+lordship's.
+
+H. C.
+
+Workington.
+
+_Periodical Literature_, 1707.--
+
+    "The author of the _Observator_ is MR. RIDPATH, y^e author of the
+    _Flying Post_. The base author of the late paper, which has been some
+    time since dropp'd, viz. _The Observator Reviv'd_, was one PEARCE, an
+    exchange broker, some time since concerned in the paper called
+    _Legion's Address_, and forced to fly on that account into Holland. The
+    publisher of the _Phoenix_ is a Presbyterian bookseller, named J.
+    Darby, in Bartholomew Close, who has told me that he was chiefly
+    assisted therein by the famous MR. COLLINS, the supposed author of _The
+    Use of Reason in Propositions_, &c., and Dr. Tindal's familiar
+    acquaintance."--_Original Letter of the Rev. Robert Watts, M.A._, dated
+    London, Feb. 6. 1707-8.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Archbishop Sancroft._--It is well known that Dr. William Dillingham,
+Master of Emanuel College, Cambridge, published, in 1678, a volume of Latin
+poems, partly translations from George Herbert, partly pieces of his own,
+with some few added from other sources. But it is not known that most of
+the pieces in this volume were corrected by the hand of Archbishop
+Sancroft, and that one certainly was from his own pen. It occurs at p. 155.
+of the octavo volume alluded to, and is entitled "Hippodromus." This is a
+translation from an epigram by Thomas Bastard, first printed in 1598, and
+beginning:
+
+ "I mett a courtier riding on the plaine."
+
+That it is Archbishop Sancroft's is proved from an original letter
+addressed to him by Dillingham in 1677, and preserved in the Bodleian.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Sir Henry Slingsby._--This gallant cavalier, who was murdered (as Lloyd
+says in his _Memoirs_) by Oliver Cromwell in 1658, wrote an account of the
+scenes in which he bore a part, from 1638 to 1648, which he called
+"Commentaries, containing many remarkable occurrences during the Civil
+Wars." Can any of your correspondents tell me where the original manuscript
+is to be found, and whether it was ever printed? I have seen an indifferent
+transcript, beginning, "The chappel at Red House was built by my father,
+Sir Henry Slingsby." If it has never been published, it would be an
+acceptable contribution to the historical memoirs of the times, and worth
+the attention of the Camden Society.
+
+P. B.
+
+_Origin of a Surname._--Martha Denial, widow, aged seventy-five, was buried
+in Ecclesfield churchyard, 3rd February, 1851. Her husband, Joseph Denial,
+told the parish clerk that his grandfather was found when an infant
+deserted in a church porch; and that he was surnamed Denial, as one whom
+_all deny_; and was christened Daniel, which is composed of the same
+letters. This is the tradition of the origin of a surname now common in
+this parish.
+
+A. G.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+_Madden's Reflections._--Madden's _Reflections and Resolutions for the
+Gentlemen of Ireland_. In the preface to the reprint of this work we meet
+with the following paragraph:
+
+    "The very curious and interesting work which is {324} now reprinted,
+    and intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon
+    rarity: there is not a copy of it in the Library of Trinity College, or
+    in any of the other public libraries of this city [Dublin], which have
+    been searched on purpose. The profoundly-learned Vice-Provost, Doctor
+    Barrett, never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the
+    literature of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the
+    subject, are even unacquainted with the name of the book."
+
+The full title of the work to which I refer, and which is an 8vo. volume of
+200 or 300 pages, is _Reflections and Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen
+of Ireland, as to their Conduct for the Service of their Country_. It was
+printed in Dublin in 1738; it was reprinted there in 1816 at the sole
+expense of the well-known philanthropist, Thomas Pleasants, and the author
+was Samuel Madden, D.D., the author of several publications: a great patron
+of arts and literature in his native land, and one of whom Dr. Johnson
+remarked with truth,--"His was a name Ireland ought to honour." For some
+authentic information respecting him, see Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes of
+the Eighteenth Century_, vol. ii. pp. 31. 699.; and Grosley's _Tour in
+England_, vol. ii p. 260. These writers, however, make no mention of his
+_Reflections_.
+
+The original edition may indeed be looked upon as rather rare, but not so
+rare as some appear inclined to think. I have a copy, and until lately had
+two; and at different times I have met with copies for sale. However, the
+copy now in the library of the Royal Dublin Society was purchased some
+years ago at a high price; and, unless I am mistaken, there is not one as
+yet in the British Museum. The reprint which is there is much to be
+preferred by readers in general.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+THE BELLMAN, AND HIS HISTORY.
+
+I have often read Vincent Bourne's poem, "Ad Davidem Cook, Westmonasterii
+Custodem Nocturnum et Vigilantissimum, Anno 1716:" Pickering's edition, p.
+129. This nightly guardian, it appears, was accompanied by a dog:
+
+ "Cum variis implent tenebrae terroribus orbem,
+    Tu comite assuetum cum cane carpis iter,"
+
+was armed with a stout staff, or knotty club:
+
+ "Nec te perterrent, nodoso stipite fretum,
+    Subdola qui tacito pectore furta parant,"
+
+and carried a bell:
+
+ "Tinnitu adventum signans, oriantur an astra,
+    Narras, an pure lucida Luna micet."
+
+To the last-mentioned part of his equipment, he owed the title of
+"Bellman."
+
+The Bellman's duty, however, was not confined to crying the rising of the
+stars, or the shining of the moon, but he cheered his nightly round with
+many a chant:
+
+  Nocturnum multo carmine fallis iter."
+
+The next lines are descriptive of the Bellman's poetry, and tell us the
+subjects of it. Of some of these I want explanation; and of all, examples.
+I am at a loss to explain the following four lines:
+
+ "Divorum hyberni menses quotcunque celebrant,
+    Cuique locum et versum dat tua musa suum:
+  _Crispino_ ante omnes; neque enim sine carmine fas est
+    Nobile sutorum praeteriisse decus."
+
+The next lines refer to the Bellman's loyalty in ever remembering the Royal
+Family; to his salutation of masters and mistresses; to the useful
+instruction he pours forth in song to young men and maidens; and to the
+happy marriages he wishes to such as give heed to his warnings. The Bellman
+then addresses himself to men-servants and maid-servants, enjoining honesty
+on the former, cleanliness on the latter. Repeatedly wishing prosperity to
+his masters, he concludes with one pre-eminent exhortation to keep in mind,
+that the friendly hand of death levels the highest and the lowest.
+
+My ignorance asks several questions. When did the Bellman lay aside his
+bell, and assume the rattle; and, with this change (I presume), drop the
+name of Bellman for that of Watchman, to whom the silent policeman has
+succeeded? Was the dog the usual aide-de-camp of the Bellman? Are there any
+other instances in which the dog is mentioned as assisting the Bellman in
+his nocturnal guardianship?
+
+As to the Bellman's poetry, Milton will occur to every one:
+
+ "Or the bellman's drowsy charm
+  To bless the door from nightly harm."--_Il Penseroso._
+
+1. Herrick's _Hesperides_, p. 169., is a Bellman's song, a blessing,
+concluding:
+
+ "Past one o'clock, and almost two,
+  My masters all, good-day to you."
+
+2. Ibid. p. 251. is another song; a warning to remember the judgment-day,
+and ending--
+
+ "Ponder this when I am gone,
+  By the clock 'tis almost one."
+
+See _The Tatler_, No. 111., for the Bellman's salutation:
+
+    "_Good morrow, Mr. Bickerstaff, good morrow, my masters all._"
+
+ "It was the owl that shriek'd, the fatal bellman,
+  Which gives the stern'st good night."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc.
+      2.
+
+Gay refers to the Bellman's song in the following lines:
+
+ "Behold that narrow street which steep descends,
+  Whose building to the slimy shore extends;
+  {325}
+  Here Arundel's fam'd structure rear'd its frame,
+  The street alone retains the empty name;
+  Where Titian's glowing paint the canvass warm'd,
+  And Raphael's fair design, with judgment, charm'd,
+  Now hangs _the bellman's song_, and pasted here
+  The colour'd prints of Overton appear."--_Trivia_, book ii. 482.
+
+In the _Archaic and Provincial Dictionary_, the duty of the Bellman in his
+poetic character seems to be limited to blessing the sleepers. It appears
+from the poem by Vincent Bourne, that his Muse took a much more extensive
+range.
+
+Can you inform me where I can find more about the Bellman, his bell and his
+dog; and, especially, his songs? Where can I find "The Bellman's Songs?"
+
+Is "Bellman" a name given to dogs in modern times? See _Taming of the
+Shrew_, Induction.
+
+F. W. T.
+
+    [We cannot insert F. W. T.'s Query without referring to the admirable
+    translation of Vinny Bourne's Ode, which is to be found in our First
+    Volume, p. 152.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WAS SALLUSTIUS A LECTURER?--CONNEXION BETWEEN SALLUSTIUS AND TACITUS.
+
+Sallustius, in his celebrated abstract of the Punic records of Thempsal,
+makes the following remark:
+
+    "Nam de Carthagine silere melius puto, quam parum dicere, _quoniam alio
+    properare tempus monet_."--_De Bello Jugurthino_, c. xix. ed. Allen.
+
+Does not this sound as if the history has been read out to an assembly?
+There is strong presumptive evidence in favour of such a supposition, in
+the tradition of Herodotus having read aloud his history at the Grecian
+Games. Besides, it was a common practice of Cicero and Plinius the Younger
+to read out their orations and treatises. I cannot help thinking that the
+histories of Sallustius were first delivered as lectures, _taken down by
+reporters_[2] employed by himself for the purposes of preserving his words,
+as he had only notes before him, fairly transcribed from the stenographic
+character, and then, _but not till then_, made a subject of closet-study.
+This, I think, is easy of proof, and instances may be adduced (the
+expression I have quoted is one) where the lecturer peeps out.
+
+The interpolated state in which this classic has come down to us is indeed
+sad: there is scarcely a chapter throughout the Catiline and Jugurtha where
+some transcriber has not been at work, sticking in words and sometimes
+whole sentences, which, I am astonished to see, have escaped the notice of
+Cortius, Allen, and the older editors.
+
+I said above that Sallustius made his lectures or orations on the history
+of his country a subject of closet study. He did so, and in an eminent
+degree. His conciseness, clearness (when relieved from the burden of
+interpolation), and usual impartiality, point to a careful and spiritual
+study of Thucydides; but he could not attain to an equal degree of
+sweetness as the Greek historian, on account of the general character of
+their several languages differing. As far, however, as Roman could approach
+to Greek, I conceive Sallustius has approached to Thucydides. Tacitus
+(whose mind was impregnated with, and steeped in Sallustius) rarely
+enounces a sentiment in his numerous works the origin of which is not
+referable to the latter author. It requires some careful thought sometimes,
+before the passages can be traced; but they _are_ traceable; and if we had
+the whole works of Sallustius, I doubt not but that we should be able to
+trace them all much more easily. Perhaps--I say it without stress, mind; it
+is a mere suggestion--it would be possible to restore, or rather connect
+some of the historical fragments of Sallustius by means of the works of
+Tacitus. When we find a sentiment of Sallustius half expressed in the
+fragment, and trending towards the conclusion arrived at by Tacitus, may we
+not, as we know how completely the latter had imbibed the thoughts of the
+former, reasonably suppose the remainder of the passage to be parallel;
+and, following out the idea, restore it, taking into consideration the
+difference of the mode of expression in the two eras? And this may hold
+good, not only between Tacitus and Sallustius, but between Sallustius and
+Thucydides.
+
+Such is the aspect under which I endeavour to behold the classics, viz. as
+one great whole, having here and there pieces gone or faded (lost or
+hopelessly corrupted), and which fit into each other, showing the building
+which intellect erects, the only building calculated to withstand the hand
+of time. Thanks be to printing, to cheap literature, and to English energy
+and investigation, antiquity may again rear her head, and fell that it is
+comprehended in all its varied bearings, and lights and shadows.
+
+To men like Niebuhr, Grote, Layard, Prescott, St. John, Wilkinson,
+Rawlinson, and Norris, do we owe a debt of gratitude, for such patience and
+investigation; and no one cheers them on with a more sincere feeling, and
+thanks them for their past exertions, than
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+[Footnote 2: Short-hand, we know, was in use at Rome.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE OUTER TEMPLE.
+
+Mr. Peter Cunningham, in his delightful _Handbook of London_, says that
+when the New Temple "passed to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, the
+Inner and Middle Temple were leased to the Students of the Common Law; and
+the OUTER TEMPLE to Walter Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter:" and in describing
+Essex House, by which name it {326} was afterwards known, he repeats the
+same statement; as if the Outer Temple was part of the original property of
+the Knights Templars.
+
+I should be very glad to know what authority he has for this; because I
+have very great doubt whether the "Outer Temple" ever belonged to the
+Knights Templars or to the Knights of St. John, or was in any manner
+comprehended within the property. The New Temple, as the whole property was
+called, belonged to Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, at the time of his
+death, in June, 1323. The Council of Vienna, in 1324, bestowed all the
+lands of the Knights Templars on the Knights of St. John. Since my letter
+to you on the general subject of the Temple, and L. B. L.'s obliging answer
+(Vol. ii., pp. 103. 123.), I have been kindly furnished by Mr. Joseph
+Burtt, of the Chapter House, with a deed, dated June 28, 1324, by which the
+Knights of St. John granted the _whole_ of the New Temple, "totum
+messuagium nostrum vocatum Novum Templum," to Hugh le Despencer the
+younger; describing it to be lying _between the house_ (hospicium) _of the
+Bishop of Exeter_ towards the west, and the house of Hugo de Courteneye
+towards the east. This shows manifestly that if the Bishop of Exeter's
+house ever belonged to the Temple, it did not at that time; and I am not
+aware of any earlier evidence proving that the Templars ever possessed it.
+
+I believe, though I have not seen the record, that, in the grant to Sir
+William Paget, temp. Henry VI., it is described as the "Outer Temple;" but
+I am inclined to think, from various circumstantial testimonies, that it
+was merely so called because it was situate on the _outside_ of the Temple.
+
+If any of your correspondents could illustrate this question, or that more
+curious one,--when the new Temple was first divided between Inner and
+Middle,--I should feel infinitely obliged.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES.
+
+1. Can any of your readers give me any information regarding a work which I
+find recorded in a catalogue thus:--_A Catalogue of above 300 Coins of
+Canute, King of Denmark and England, found near Kirkwall, with Specimens._
+4to. London, 1777? I should like, if possible, to have a copy of the
+title-page, the size, and the number of pages; and, if possible, the name
+of the compiler.
+
+2. I should like to find out the name of the translator into English, of
+Pontoppidan's _Natural History of Norway_, published in folio in London in
+1755.
+
+3. Can any of your readers oblige me with the name of the author of a
+controversial sermon, entitled _Whigs no Christians_, preached at London,
+on the anniversary of the martyrdom of King Charles, in 1712-13, and
+published in the same year?
+
+[Greek: Boreas].
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DUTCH BOOKS PUBLISHED OUT OF THE NETHERLANDS.
+
+Although the Dutch language is now regarded in foreign countries with a
+neglect bordering on contempt, and its study, when attended to at all,
+generally undertaken as a work of necessity rather than a labour of love, I
+have thought it would not be without interest to examine to what extent it
+was formerly cultivated (were it even chiefly by Dutchmen) in foreign
+lands; to institute a search after the productions of the Dutch mind in the
+Dutch language brought forth on foreign soils; in a word, to pass in review
+the Dutch books which have been published in other countries during the
+period included between the invention of printing and our own days.
+
+It appears to me that such a review would lead to much interesting
+research, and would tend not only to illustrate our literature, but also to
+clear up many points still obscure in our national, and more especially in
+our ecclesiastical, history.
+
+The review which I propose would be limited, in the first instance, to the
+formation of an exact and complete list of such _exotic_ works, with the
+addition of such notes as I might be able to add. A more experienced hand
+may then make use of these materials to form a more perfect treatise on
+this portion of our literature.
+
+In execution of this plan I have already compiled a list of names of books
+and authors; these have been gathered partly from an examination of the
+works themselves, partly from catalogues and other sources where such works
+are mentioned. Now, however, as my resources are nearly exhausted, and my
+labours by no means complete, I take the liberty to lay my plan before
+those who may be disposed to concur with me, those who may be able to
+procure me information, those who have the possession or the care of
+libraries in which such books are to be found, and of which catalogues have
+not been printed; and, for the end I have in view, I invite them all to
+help me in the completion of my work. The editors of the _Navorscher_ have
+consented to open their columns to contributors. To spare needless trouble,
+I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not include any works
+published in _Belgium_, or in the colonies now or formerly in our
+possession.
+
+MARTINUS.
+
+Amsterdam, March 11. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WHAT WAS THE COUNTRY OF THE ANGLES?
+
+What country was inhabited by the Angles before they occupied Britain? Adam
+of Bremen (_Hist. Eccl._ c. 3.) says:
+
+    "Igitur Saxones primo circa Rhenum sedes habitant et vocati sunt Angli
+    quorum pars inde veniens in Britanniam, etc."
+
+{327}
+
+Notwithstanding the opinion of Turner, and most other historians, I venture
+to offer a few facts in confirmation of the monk's testimony. 1. The names
+of places on the Lower Rhine, and more especially in Guelderland, point to
+an _Anglian_ origin for instance, _Engelanderholt_, _Engelenburg_ and
+_Engelenberg_, _Angerlo_ olim _Angelerlo_. _Engeland_, near Beekbergen, is
+mentioned in a charter[3] dated 801 as _villa Englandi_. Several other
+places bear the same name: two near Hardenberg, one in the land of Putten,
+another in our parish; which also contains _Henschoten_ olim
+_Hengestschoten_, and owes its own name to _Woden_. Near Nimwegen, we have
+_Horssen_. 2. Many local names in the same district, which can only be
+explained by reference to the A.-S. _Hulkestein_ on the Zuyder Sea,
+_Hulkestein_ near Arnhem, from A.-S. _hulc_, a dwelling: thus, stone
+buildings, castles. _Thri_, A.-S., three, is mentioned in a charter dated
+855 as the name of a villa, now the hamlet _Drie_, near Ermelo. _Hierd_ and
+_Heerd_, from A.-S. _hierde_, perhaps also _Hardewick_ or _Harderwyk_ from
+the same. _Braclog_, a wood near Engelanderholt, from _brac_, enemy, and
+_locen_, an enclosure, is mentioned in a charter (801). _Luntern_ and
+_Lunhorst_, from A.-S. _Lun_, poor. _Wigmond_, from _wig_, war; and _mund_,
+defence. _Culenburg_, from _ciol_ or _ceol_, a ship. _Klingelbeck_, near
+Arnhem, from _clingan_, to shrink up. _Ysseloord_ from _ord_, a point; and
+thus confluence of two rivers, as we see also on the Rhine, _Roerort_ and
+_Angerort._ _Herwynen_, _Herveld_, _Hernen_, _Herwaarden_, _Winden
+Delwynen_, _Sennewyn_, can be explained[4] by A.-S. _here_ and _win_. 3.
+The agreement between the names of places here, and those of every part of
+England occupied by the Angles. Out of a great number of instances
+collected by Mr. Molhuysen (see Nyhoff's _Bijdragen_, vol. iii.) I will
+take a few. In Kent we have Appledore, Appleton, Appleby; here _Appeldorn_,
+_Appel_, _Appeltern_, _Appelenburg_ on the Wahal. Ashe and Ash; _Asch_,
+near Buren, and others. Barne; _Bern_ near Heusden, and _Baarn_ near
+Amersfoort. Barnefield; _Barneveld_. Bonington, _Boningen_. Dover;
+_Doveren_. Gillingham; _Gellinchem_. Hearne; _Hiern_, near Waardenburg.
+Herne; _Hernen_. Leisdon; _Leusden_. Lone; _Loenen_. Sandwich; _Sandwyk_,
+near Tiel. Watchorne; _Waghorn_, in the Velume. In Yorkshire: Beel; _De
+Beele_, near Voorst. Byland; _Byland_. Campe; _Campen_. Catwich; _Katwyk_.
+Dodworth; _Dodewaard_. Ecope; _Heicop_. Grimestone; _Grimmestein_, on the
+Eem. Heck; _Eck_. Hampall; _Empel_, near Engelen. Herfield; _Herveld_.
+Hewick; _Ewyk_, &c. &c.--The evident similarity of names in this list,
+which might be extended through several pages, affords at least a strong
+presumption that a part of the land of our fathers is to be sought here. I
+will just add that there is a MS. containing copies of charters, registers,
+&c., collected by Opstraeten van der Moelen, a genealogist, who died in the
+early part of the seventeenth century, now in the possession of Mr. Van
+Asch van Wyck. In this is an article entitled "De Nobili et Antiqua Familia
+dicta Amersfoort seu potius Heemsfurt vel Hemefurt a vado Heeme seu Hemi
+fluvii." The writer makes mention of the well-known grant of Charlemagne to
+the cathedral of Utrecht, by which Lisidunum (Leusden) and four forests on
+the banks of the Eem were ceded to this church: _Hengestschoten_,
+_Fornese_, _Mocoroth_, and _Widoc_. The writer considers the last-named
+forest to be that of _Wede_ or _Woden_; and derives thence the family-name
+_Weede_. Concerning _Hengestschoten_ is remarked:
+
+    "_Hengist_, qui circum annum 450 Britanniam insulam cum suis Frisonibus
+    et Saxonibus occupat." And further: "Weede nomen adhunc retinere
+    videtur a _Woden_, qui fuit avus avi _Hengesti_, sicut
+    _Hengestschoten_, nune praedium dominorum Oestbroek, ab _Hengisto_
+    nominatur."
+
+Henschoten was ceded to the abbey of Oestbroek in 1130, and sold at the
+breaking up of the monasteries; and is now the property of Mr. Van Asch van
+Wyck. Since, therefore, the above extract must have been written before the
+Reformation, the belief that our forefathers proceeded from this country is
+by no means new; and the evidence in its support is, I think, stronger than
+that adduced by Turner and Lappenberg in favour of an immigration from
+Sleswig; indeed it seems not improbable that the first settlers, with
+_Hengist_ at their head, sailed from the mouth of the Eem. I have more to
+add in a future Number, if "NOTES AND QUERIES" can afford me space.
+
+J. S.
+
+Woudenberg, April, 1851.
+
+[Footnote 3: Bondam's _Charter-boek_.]
+
+[Footnote 4: See Gibson, _A.-S. Chron._]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Villenage._--Can any of your readers inform me at what period villenage
+became extinct in this kingdom? I have now before me a grant of a manor
+from the Crown, in the third and fourth year of the reigns of King Philip
+and Queen Mary, conveying, amongst other goods and chattels, the bondmen,
+bondwomen, and villeins, with their sequels,--"Nativos, nativas, e villanos
+cum eoz sequelis." According to Blackstone, the children of villeins were
+in the same state of bondage with their parents; whence they were called,
+in Latin, "nativi," which gave rise to the female appellation of a villein,
+who was called a _neife_. What I wish to learn is, whether the old wording
+of Crown grants had survived the {328} existence of villenage; or whether
+bondage was a reality in the reign of Philip and Mary; and if so, at what
+it became extinct?
+
+H. C.
+
+Workington.
+
+    [Our correspondent's Query is an interesting one; but he does not seem
+    to be aware that in our First Vol., p. 139., Mr. E. SMIRKE had given
+    the names of three "bondmen of bloude" living near Brighton in 1617.]
+
+_Roman Roads near London._--In the most ancient maps of Middlesex that I
+have seen, there are no roads marked out. In a folio coloured map of
+Middlesex, published by Bowen (the date of which is, I think, 1709,
+although the same map has various dates, like those of Speed, where the
+date only is altered several times), the roads are introduced. A Roman road
+appears from the corner of the Tottenham Court Road, where the Hampstead
+Road and the New Road now meet, running through what must now be the
+Regent's Park, until it reaches Edgeware, and thence to Brockley Hills,
+called Sulloniacae, an ancient city in Antonine's _Itinerary_. The lanes
+marking this road are so different from the other roads, as to show at once
+what is intended; and yet, either in this same map or in another with the
+same route, Watling Street is printed upon the highway that leads to Tyburn
+Turnpike, in a manner to show the whole of that distance is meant. The
+Roman road from Tottenham Court, after making its appearance in a variety
+of other maps up to a certain date, about 1780, is nowhere to be found
+since, in any of the Middlesex maps. Can any of your readers show by what
+authority this was first introduced, and why discontinued; and if the
+Watling Street branched off, upon its approach to London, where did the
+part crossing Oxford Street at Tyburn lead to?
+
+JOHN FRANCIS-X.
+
+_Mrs. Catherine Barton._--In Brewster's _Life of Sir Isaac Newton_, p.
+250., is the following passage:
+
+    "This accomplished nobleman was created Earl of Halifax in 1700, and
+    after the death of his first wife he conceived a strong attachment for
+    Mrs. Catherine Barton, the widow of Colonel Barton, and the niece of
+    Newton."
+
+I wish particularly to know the _maiden_ name of this Catherine Barton; she
+married Mr. Conduitt, who succeeded Sir I. Newton as Master of the Mint.
+
+J. E. R. S.
+
+Sampford, Braintree, April 7. 1851.
+
+_Sempecta at Croyland._--DR. MAITLAND has so kindly answered your
+correspondent's Query respecting his work on Mesmerism, that I venture to
+ask him another, through the medium of your pages. Where can be found the
+poem respecting the old soldier monk at Croyland (or Sempecta, as Ingulphus
+calls him), from which DR. M. has given extracts in p. 305. of his _Dark
+Ages_?
+
+H. R. L.
+
+Trin. Coll.
+
+_Schmidt's Antiquitates Neomagensis--Roman Medicine-stamps._--Can any of
+your readers inform me,--
+
+1st. Of the DATE when Schmidt published his _Antiquitates Neomagensis_, and
+WHERE: also in what libraries it is to be found?
+
+2nd. Of the existence of any Roman medicine-stamps found in the British
+Islands, as yet undescribed by those who have written on the subject.
+
+Q.
+
+_Sir Harris Nicolas' History of the Royal Navy._--Is there any probability
+that the _History of the Royal Navy_, begun by Sir N. H. Nicolas, and
+carried by him to the reign of Henry V., will ever be continued. It is a
+most valuable work, and was stopped by his lamented death, just as it was
+beginning to be most interesting.
+
+E. N. W.
+
+_Wooden Baldrocks._--_Thanksgiving-book._--In the vestry-books of St.
+Peter's, Ruthin, co. Denbigh, there are some entries, explanations of which
+will be very acceptable.
+
+From 1683, and many subsequent years, there is a constant repetition in the
+churchwarden's account of "Wooden Baldrocks," from time to time supplied
+new to the parish.
+
+In 1704, "A Thanksgiving-book" is charged in the parish accounts.
+
+Query the use and nature of Baldrock? and what book is meant by a
+Thanksgiving-book?
+
+About the above period, continual payments are made for the destruction of
+hedgehogs, which seem to be valued at sixpence a-piece, in some cases
+fourpence; and to have been allowed in the parish accounts.
+
+A CHURCHWARDEN.
+
+_History of the Jesuits._--Who was the author of _A History of the Jesuits;
+to which is prefixed a Reply to Mr. Dallas's Defence of that Order_. It was
+published in two volumes 8vo., London, 1816, by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy,
+Paternoster Row.
+
+H. R. L.
+
+Trin. Coll.
+
+_Mind your P's and Q's._--What is the origin of this phrase? I have heard
+one solution of it, but wish to ascertain whether there is any other?
+
+R. D. H.
+
+_Mode of hiring Domestic Servants in Holderness--Sittings--Fest._--It is
+customary once a year for men and women servants out of place to assemble
+in the market places of Hedon and Patrington, the two chief towns in
+Holderness, and there to await being hired. This very ancient custom is
+called Hedon _Sittings_ or _Statutes_. What is the name derived from? A
+small sum of money given to each servant hired, is supposed to legalise the
+contract, and is called the _Fest_. From what is the word derived?
+
+F. R. R.
+
+_Home-made Wines._--It is stated in _The Times_ of this morning (Feb. 17)
+that-- {329}
+
+    "We know from old chronicles that most of the wine drank by Englishmen,
+    under the Plantagenets, was of home production."
+
+Can any, and if so what, authority be shown for this statement?
+
+J. SN.
+
+_Inscription on a Clock._--Under the curious clock in Exeter Cathedral are
+inscribed these words:
+
+    "PEREUNT ET IMPUTANTUR, sc. horae."
+
+I have been told that they are the concluding words of a longer inscription
+on some foreign clock. Can any of your readers tell me if they be so?
+
+J. W. HEWETT.
+
+_Inscription on the Tomb of Peter the Hermit._--At Huy, on the Meuse, is
+shown the tomb where Peter the Hermit was buried: it is in the shape of an
+obelisk, and has an inscription on each of the four sides. Of this
+inscription, which is curious, and which I copied when I was there, I have
+lost the greater part: can one of your correspondents supply it for me, or
+tell where the lines are originally to be found, as I fancy they are
+adapted to, and not made for, the monument.
+
+The part of the inscription which I have runs as follows:
+
+                  (INSCRIPTION.)
+
+ "Soldat du Pape Urbain, aux cris de 'Dieu le veut,'
+      Il a precipite l'Europe sur l'Asie;
+      Le peril arrive, sa sainte frenesie
+  N'a plus trouve qu'un cri arrive 'Sauve qui peut.'
+                  Dieu,
+  L'intolerant l'outrage, insulte a sa grandeur,
+  Tel masque qu'il affecte, il n'est qu'une imposteur."
+
+Another two-lined motto is headed "Les Illusions;" and a third, "La
+Liberte;" but neither these, nor a longer one (which I fancy introduces the
+names of Moliere, Rousseau, and Fenelon), am I able to quote.
+
+H. A. B.
+
+_Wife of James Torre._-James Torre, the Yorkshire antiquary, married for
+his first wife Elizabeth Lincolne (see _Ducatus Leod._, p. 119. Whitaker's
+ed.); can any one inform me who was that lady's father, and if there is any
+pedigree known of the family?
+
+I have little doubt that the Rev. William Lincolne, rector of Halton,
+Lincolnshire, mentioned by Walker, in his _Sufferings of the Clergy_, b.
+ii. p. 295., was of the same family.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK, Jun.
+
+Bottesford Moors.
+
+_"The Bear's Bible."_--In the library of Queen's College, Oxon, is a copy
+of the Spanish version of the Bible, by Cassiod. Reyna (1569), with the
+following inscription:--
+
+    Ampliss. Antistiti. ac Dno R^{mo} D. Edmundo Grindalo, archiepiscopo
+    Cantuariensi, et totius Angliae primati digniss. _Ob erepta hujus
+    Hispanicae versionis sacrorum librorum Scripta ex hostium manibus_
+    Cassiodorus Reinius ejusdem versionis author gratitudinis ergo et in
+    perpetuae observantiae pignus D.D.D."
+
+What are the circumstances here alluded to?
+
+H. H. W.
+
+_Harris, Painter in Water-Colours._--Some friends of mine have a large
+paper copy of the edition of the Bible, published in 1802, by Messrs.
+Nicoll, of Pall-Mall, and known as "Reeves' Bible," which is adorned with a
+large number of small original drawings in water-colour by "J. Harris, of
+Walworth, Surrey." I should be obliged if any of your correspondents can
+give me any information respecting Mr. Harris, and can tell me whether he
+is still living. The drawings were made before the year 1819.
+
+T. C. W.
+
+_University Hoods._--The Scotch universities of Aberdeen, St. Andrew's, and
+Glasgow had, before the Reformation, or before the Revolution rather, hoods
+for the several degrees of M.A., D.D., LL.D., and D.C.L. What these were,
+is a question which it is now very difficult to determine; but this much is
+known, that the hoods of Aberdeen were identical with those of Paris, those
+of St. Andrew's with those of Louvain, and those of Glasgow with those of
+Bologna. The Revolution, however, has done much to obliterate the traces of
+even the Parisian hoods, and the M.A. hood of Paris is all that has
+hitherto rewarded the researches of the university antiquary. Can any of
+your readers assist in the somewhat interesting investigation by
+endeavouring to discover, or informing us if they already know, what were
+the hoods of the universities of Paris, Louvain, and Bologna, for the
+several degrees I have enumerated.
+
+G. A. J.
+
+_"Nullis Fraus tuta latebris."_--Can any of your correspondents favour me
+with a reference to the above motto?
+
+S. S.
+
+_Voltaire, where situated?_--The "_terre_," hamlet, or other _property_ of
+_Voltaire_, from which the French poet took the addition to his paternal
+name of Arouet,--where situated? That there is, or at least was, in
+Voltaire's time, such an estate, Condorcet's statement (_vide_ Voltaire)
+makes apparent. But the locality is not pointed out. Can any of your
+correspondents help me to it?
+
+V.
+
+_Table of Prohibited Degrees, 1563._--By the 99th canon of the Church of
+England the "table of prohibited degrees" set forth by authority in 1563 is
+ordered to "be in every church publicly set up and fixed at the charge of
+the parish." Is this usually done now? and if not, why is it omitted to be
+done?
+
+What is the authority for the insertion of the Canons, or the Articles, or
+the table of the {330} prohibited degrees found in the Book of Common
+Prayer?
+
+J. O. M.
+
+_Launcelot Lyttleton._--I shall be greatly obliged to any genealogist who
+can tell me who was that Launcelot Lyttleton, a Lichfield gentleman, whose
+eldest laughter, Mary, married the Hon. Francis Roper, and became the
+mother of the fourteenth Lord Teynham. Was this Launcelot a descendant of
+Sir Edward Lyttleton, temp. Eliz., who married a daughter of Sir William
+Devereux?
+
+I could answer my own question by an inspection of the "Roper Roll;" but
+unfortunately that is in Ireland, and I may not soon discover the address
+of its possessor.
+
+H. G. R. C.
+
+Erechtheum.
+
+_The Antediluvians._--Can you or any of your learned correspondents inform
+me of any work likely to assist me in my researches into the antediluvian
+history of our race? The curious treatise of Reimmanus, and the erudite
+essay of J. Joachimus Maderus, I have now before me; but it occurs to me
+that, besides these and the more patent sources of information, such as
+Bruckerus and Josephus, there must be other, and perhaps more modern, works
+which may be more practically useful. Perhaps the author of the elegant
+essay on the subject in _Eruvin_ may be able to refer to such a a work.
+
+G. A. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Wither's Haleluiah._--Mr. R. A. Willmott, in his _Lives of Sacred Poets_,
+has done himself credit by doing justice to George Wither, and vindicating
+his claims as poet, whom it has long been the fashion to underrate, but who
+Southey said "had the heart and soul of a poet in him."--(_Life_, iii.
+126.)
+
+In the _Life_, Mr. Willmott says:
+
+    "In 1641 appeared the _Haleluiah, or Britain's Second Remembrancer_ ...
+    which book, now as scarce as the first _Remembrancer_ is common, I have
+    not seen."
+
+It is therefore very probable that the work is seldom to be met with. I
+have a copy, but it is unfortunately imperfect; wanting a few leaves (only
+a few I imagine) at the end. There is no index, nor table of contents, by
+which I might ascertain the extent of the deficiency. The last page is 478,
+and contains a portion of Hymn 60, part iii. If any reader of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" would kindly inform me what is the number of pages of the work,
+and where a copy may be seen, he will oblige
+
+S. S. S.
+
+    [The work consists of 487 pages, with an index of twelve more. A copy
+    of it in in the Library of the British Museum.]
+
+_Voltaire's Henriade._--Is it known who is the author of the English
+translation of this poem into blank verse, published in 1732. The preface
+and the notes create a desire to know the author. In one of the notes (17)
+he speaks of something as being "proved at large in my _History of
+Christianity_ now ready for the press." I am not aware that any such work
+exists. Was it ever published? If not what became of the manuscript?
+
+S. T. D.
+
+    [Voltaire's _Henriade_ was translated by John Lockman, a gentleman of
+    great literary industry, who died Feb. 2, 1771. See Nichols's _Bowyer_,
+    and Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_. A list of his published works
+    will be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britan_.]
+
+_Christ-Crosse A._--In Tatham's _Fancie's Theater_, 12mo., 1640, is a poem
+in praise of sack, wherein the following lines occur:
+
+ "The very children, ere they scarce can say
+  Their Pater Noster, or their _Christ-crosse A_,
+  Will to their Parents prattle, and desire
+  To taste that Drinke which Gods doe so admire."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me the meaning of "_Christ-Crosse A_" here
+mentioned? Does it allude to some alphabet then in use?
+
+CATO.
+
+    [The alphabet was so designated, because in the old primers a cross was
+    prefixed to it. Nares tells us that in French it was called _Croix de
+    par Dieu_; and upon reference to Cotgrave for an expression of that
+    term we find, "The Christ's-cross-row; or the hornbook wherein a child
+    learns it."]
+
+_Apple-pie Order._--_Spick and Span new._--My wife very much grudges my
+spending threepence a week for the "NOTES AND QUERIES", and threatens me
+with stopping the allowance unless I obtain from some of your
+correspondents answers to the two following Queries:--
+
+1. What is the origin of the phrase "Apple-pie order?"
+
+2. Ditto--of "Spick and span new?"
+
+JERRY SNEAK.
+
+    [We leave to some of our friends the task of answering the first of the
+    Queries which our correspondent has put to us by desire of his
+    "better-half."
+
+    There is much curious illustration of the phrase _Spick and Span_ in
+    Todd's _Johnson_, s. v. _Spick_: and Nares in his _Glossary_ says,
+    "_Span-newe_ is found in Chaucer:
+
+     'This tale was aie _span-newe_ to begin.'--_Troil. and Cres._, iii.
+         1671.
+
+    It is therefore of good antiquity in the language, and not having been
+    taken from the French may best be referred to the Saxon, in which
+    _spannan_ means to stretch. Hence _span-new_ is fresh from the
+    _stretchers_, or frames, alluding to cloth, a very old manufacture of
+    the country; and _spick_ and _span_ is fresh from the spike, or tenter,
+    and frames. This is Johnson's derivation, and I cannot but think it
+    preferable to any other."
+
+    A very early instance of the expression, not quoted by Todd, may be
+    found in the _Romance of Alexander_: {331}
+
+     "Richelich he doth him schrede
+      In _spon-neowe_ knightis weode."--L. 4054-5.
+
+    And _Weber_, in his _Glossary_ (or rather, Mr. Douce, for the "D"
+    appended to the note shows it to have proceeded from that accomplished
+    antiquary), explains it, "_Spon-neowe_, span-new, newly spun. This is
+    probably the true explanation of spick and span new. Ihre renders
+    sping-spang, _plane novus_, in voce fick fack." The learned Jamieson,
+    in his _Dictionary_, s. v. _Split-new_ (which corresponds to the German
+    _Splitter neu_, i. e. as new as a splinter or chip from the block),
+    shows, at greater length than we can quote, that _split_ and _span_
+    equally denote a splinter or chip; and in his _Supplement_, s. v.
+    _Spang-new_, after pointing out the connexion between _spinga_ (assula)
+    and _spaungha_ (lamina), shows that, if this be the original, the
+    allusion must be to metal newly wrought, that has, as it were, the
+    gloss from the fire on it: in short, that the epithet is the same as
+    one equally familiar to us, i. e. _fire-new_, Germ. _vier-neu_. We will
+    bring this note to a close by a reference to Sewell's _Dutch
+    Dictionary_, where _Spikspelder nieuw_ is rendered "Spick and span
+    new."]
+
+_Theory of the Earth's Form._--Have any objections to the received theory
+of the earth's spherical form, or any revival of the old "plane" doctrine,
+been recently noticed and controverted by _scientific_ men of known
+standing?
+
+BRUNO.
+
+    [The old theory has been advanced, and even lectured on, within these
+    two years; but no notice has been taken of it by scientific men.]
+
+_Carolus Lawson._--Who was "Carolus Lawson," of whom I have a good print,
+engraved by Heath. He is called "Scholae Mancuniensis Archididascalus,"
+1797. "Pietas alumnorum" is inscribed underneath, and on the back is
+written, probably by some grateful pupil--
+
+    "Cari propinqui, cari liberi, cari parentes, sed omnes omnium caritates
+    _Archididascalus noster_ comprehendit."--_Cicero_ (verbis quibusdam
+    mutatis).
+
+NEMO.
+
+    [Mr. Charles Lawson was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and
+    was presented by the president, Dr. Randolph, in 1749, to the place of
+    Second Master of Manchester Grammar School; upon the death of Mr.
+    Purnell, in 1764, he succeeded him as Head Master. The colleges of St.
+    John, in Cambridge, and of Brazenose, in Oxford, can bear witness to
+    the success with which he laboured for more than half a century in his
+    profession, having received from the Manchester school, whilst under
+    his direction, a very considerable number of well-grounded classical
+    scholars. He died at Manchester on April 19, 1807, aged seventy-nine.
+    Some further particulars respecting him may be found in the
+    _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxxvii. part i. p. 583.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+HAYBANDS IN SEALS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 186. 248. 291.)
+
+I am sorry that in referring to a peculiarity in ancient seals under this
+title, MR. LOWER should have pinned to his notice a theory which I feel
+persuaded is quite untenable. It is surely something new to those who have
+directed their attention to the numerous devices upon seals to find that
+the husbandman had so low an opinion of his own social status as to reject
+the use of any emblematical sign upon his seal, when Thomas the smith,
+Roger the carpenter, and William the farrier, bore the elements of their
+respective crafts as proudly as the knight did his chevron or fess. But the
+question is one of facts. The following examples of the use of the
+"hayband" are now before me:--
+
+6 June, 7 Henry IV. Grant by John Dursley, citizen and armorer of London,
+to William Serjaunt Taverner, of Stanes, and another, of a messuage, &c. in
+Westminster. Seal of dark red was, about 1-1/2 inch in diameter; a hay-stalk
+twisted and pressed into the wax while hot, inclosing a space as large as a
+shilling, in which is a poor impression of a badly engraved seal; the whole
+very clumsy and rough.
+
+26 November, 24 Henry VI. Grant by Maurice Brune, Knight, Robert Darcy,
+John Doreward, Henry Clovill, Esquire, John Grene, and Henry Stampe, to
+Richard Hill and others, of lands, &c., in Sprinfield, &c., in Essex. Each
+seal is round and thick, and has the impression of a small armorial
+bearing. The 1st, 2nd, and 5th seals have a small plaited coil of hay
+pressed into the wax, and inclosing the impression.
+
+26 Henry VI. Receipt by Jane Grene for 10l. paid her by the Earl of Ormond.
+Seal of diminutive size, and the impression nearly defaced. Round the
+extreme edge is a "diminutive hayband."
+
+2 January, 34 Henry VI. Grant by Thomas Tudenham, Knight, John Leventhorp,
+Esquire, and Thomas Radclyff, of the reversion of the manor of Newhall to
+John Neell and others. All the seals, which are large and thick and more
+than two inches in diameter, have the impression of a signet ring inclosed
+with a "hayband" _of parchment_ pressed into them. One of these coils being
+loose shows itself to be a thin strip of the label itself brought through
+the wax.
+
+10 February, 14 Edward IV. Lease by Sir Thomas Urswyk, Knight, Chief Baron
+of the Exchequer, and Thomas Lovell, to John Morton and others, of the
+manor of Newhall, Essex, and other lands, &c. The seal of Lovell has his
+armorial bearings and legend; that of the Lord Chief Baron is the
+impression of a signet ring, being a classical bust. The seal itself is a
+thick ball of wax about {332} two inches across, pressed into the face of
+which is a "hayband" or twisted coil of _thin parchment_ inclosing the
+impression.
+
+I am sure that I have seen many examples much earlier and later, but those
+given are merely in reference to the theory of your Lewes correspondent.
+Even they are surely inconsistent with the idea of the practice being
+peculiar to any locality or distinctive of any class. My recollection would
+lead me to assign the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries as the period
+of its use. But still the question remains--Has it any, and what
+signification? I have always considered it to have been a contrivance to
+strengthen the substance of the seal itself. The earliest instances I have
+seen were "applique" seals, such as the royal privy seals, and with these
+it would seem to have originated. Their frail nature suggested the use of
+some substance to protect the thin layer of wax from damage by the
+crumpling of the parchment on which they were impressed. For some time its
+use was confined to this kind of seal; and fashion may perhaps have
+extended the practice to pendent seals, where, however, it was often
+efficacious in neutralising the bad quality of the wax so general in the
+fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The plaiting of the hay or straw
+sometimes assumed a fanciful shape. Although the impressions of seals of
+the time of Henry VII. are often very bad, there are generally traces of
+their existence; these may perhaps be discovered in MR. LOWER'S seals if he
+looks more to the enclosure than to the substance forming it.
+
+JOSEPH BURTT.
+
+_Haybands in Seals._--M. A. LOWER thinks that MR. T. HUDSON TURNER has
+misapplied his description of the seals in his possession. The seals are
+not _impressed upon haybands_, neither do "some ends of the hay or straw
+protrude from the surface." The little fillet or wreath of hay, about equal
+in diameter to a shilling, is _inlaid_ upon the pendent lump of wax, and
+forms the ornament or device of the seal, rather than an integral portion
+of it, like that in the specimens referred to by MR. TURNER.
+
+M. A. LOWER begs, under favour, to add, that the very fact of a Query being
+inserted in the pages of this invaluable--one might almost say
+indispensable--publication, implies a candid avowal _pro tanto_ of
+ignorance on the part of the Querist, who might reasonably expect a plain
+answer, unaccompanied by any ungracious reflection on the side of the more
+highly-gifted _savant_ that furnished the reply. As a simple matter of
+taste, many other correspondents besides MARK ANTONY LOWER may probably
+object, like the latter's eminent namesake, Mr. Tony Weller, to being
+"pulled up so wery short," especially in cases where there is a clear
+misapprehension on the part of the respondent.
+
+_Haybands in Seals._--It is impossible for one moment to doubt the
+correctness of MR. HUDSON TURNER'S remarks on this question, and I hasten
+to retract my own suggestions, frankly acknowledging them to be erroneous.
+
+I had always taken the same view as MR. TURNER (for it is very palpable to
+the eye, and speaks for itself), till diverted from it by one of those
+sudden fancies which, spite of all caution, will ever and anon
+unaccountably cross the mind and bewilder the better judgment. To have
+established my view, these rushes should have been proved to be affixed to
+deeds of _feoffment alone_; a point which, at the moment, I overlooked.
+Even while I write, I have before me a _lease_ granted by the abbey of
+Denney in the fifteenth century, with a rush in the seal; and MR. TURNER'S
+cited instances of royal charters put an end to all question.
+
+Lest others be led astray by my freak of fancy, without an opportunity of
+correcting it by MR. TURNER'S statement, the proper course for me is to
+acknowledge myself wrong--palpably, unmistakeably wrong,--MR. TURNER'S
+explanation is the correct one; thanks to him for it--_liberavi animam
+meam_.
+
+L. B. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NORTH SIDE OF CHURCHYARDS.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 93. 253.; Vol. iii., p. 125.)
+
+Your correspondents on this subject have generally taken it as granted,
+that the prejudice against burying in this portion of the churchyard is
+almost universal. In a former communication (Vol. ii., p. 93.) I stated
+that there are at least some exceptions. Since that time I have visited
+perhaps a hundred churchyards in the counties of York, Derby, Stafford,
+Bucks, Herts, and Oxford, and in nearly half of these burial had evidently
+been long since practised on the north side of the several churches. The
+parish church of Ashby de la Zouch is built so near the south wall of the
+churchyard, that the north must clearly have been designed for sepulture. I
+was incumbent of an ancient village church in that neighbourhood, which is
+built in the same manner, with scarcely any ground on the south, the north
+being large and considerably raised by the numerous interments which have
+taken place in it. It has also some old tombs, which ten years ago were
+fast falling to decay. The part south of the church contains very few
+graves, and all apparently of recent date.
+
+In my former communication I mentioned, that in this churchyard burial has
+been chiefly, till of late, on the north side of the church; and, since
+that communication, a vault has been made on the south side, which has
+convinced us the ground had never before been there broken up. The soil is
+chalk; whereas, whenever a grave is made on the north side, human dust and
+bones are so {333} abundant, that the chalk soil has almost lost its
+nature.
+
+Till more light can be thrown on the subject than what has yet appeared in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," I cannot but retain my original opinion, viz., that
+the favourite part of interment, in earlier times, was that nearest the
+principal entrance into the church. The original object of burying in
+churches and churchyards was the better to insure for the dead the prayers
+of the worshippers, as they assembled for public devotion. Hence the
+churchyard nearest the entrance into church would be most in request. The
+origin of the prejudice for the south side, which I believe to be of recent
+date, may, I doubt not, be ascertained from any superstitious cottager who
+entertains it. "It would be so cold, sir," said one to me, "to be always
+lying where the sun would never shine on me."
+
+If your correspondent on this subject in Vol. iii., p. 125., would ask an
+old inhabitant of his parish which is the _backside_ of their church, and
+why it is so called? he would probably come at the fact. I would refer him
+to Burn's _History of Parish Registers_, page 96., foot-note, where he will
+find it stated that "a part of the churchyard was sometimes left
+unconsecrated, for the purpose of burying excommunicated persons."
+
+W. HASTINGS KELKE.
+
+Drayton Beauchamp.
+
+_North Side of Churchyards._--Your correspondents seem to be agreed as to
+the facts, not as to the origin of the objection. I suspect MR. HAWKER
+(Vol. ii., p. 253.) is nearest the truth; and the following, from
+_Coverdale on Praying for the Dead_, may help to strengthen his conjecture:
+
+    "As men die, so shall they arise: _if in faith_ in the Lord _towards
+    the south_, they need no prayers; they are presently happy, and shall
+    arise in glory: _if in unbelief_ without the Lord _towards the north_,
+    then are they past all hope."
+
+N. S.
+
+_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 253. 346.).--The subjoined
+extract from Bishop Wilkins's _Discourse concerning a New Planet, tending
+to prove that it is probable our Earth is one of the Planets_, 8vo., 1640,
+pp. 64-66., will serve to illustrate the passage from Milton, of the north
+being "the devoted region of Satan and his hosts:"
+
+    "It was the opinion of the Jewish rabbies, that man was created with
+    his face to the east; therefore the Hebrew word signifies _ante_, or
+    the east; _post_, or the west; _dextra_, or the south; _sinistra_, or
+    the north. You may see all of them put together in that place of Job
+    xxiii. 8, 9.: 'Behold I go forward, and he is not there; and backward,
+    but I cannot perceive him: on the left hand, where he doth work, but I
+    cannot behold him. He hideth himself on the right hand, that I cannot
+    see him.' Which expressions are, by some interpreters, referred unto
+    the four coasts of heaven, according to the common use of those
+    original words. From hence it is that many of the ancients have
+    concluded hell to be in the north, which is signified by the left hand;
+    unto which side, our Saviour tells us, that the goats shall be divided.
+    Which opinion likewise seems to be favoured by that place in Job xxvi.
+    6, 7., where it is said, "Hell is naked before God, and destruction
+    hath no covering.' And presently it is added, 'He stretcheth out the
+    north over the empty place.' Upon these grounds, St. Jerome interprets
+    that speech of the Preacher, Eccles. xi. 3.: 'If the tree fall toward
+    the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth,
+    there shall it be,' concerning those who shall go either to heaven or
+    hell. And in this sense also do some expound that of Zechariah (xiv.
+    4.), where it is said that 'the Mount of Olives shall cleave in the
+    midst: half of it shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward
+    the south.' By which it is intimated, that amongst those Gentiles, who
+    shall take upon them the profession of Christ, there are two sorts:
+    some that go to the north, that is, to hell; and others to the south,
+    that is, to heaven. And therefore it is, say they, that God so often
+    threatens evil out of the north: and upon this ground it is, saith
+    Besoldus, that there is no religion that worships that way. We read of
+    the Mahometans, that they adore towards the south; the Jews towards the
+    west; Christians towards the east; but none to the _north_."
+
+J. Y.
+
+Hoxton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ROLLIAD, AND SOME OF ITS WRITERS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 276.)
+
+MR. DAWSON TURNER asks for information regarding three writers in the
+_Rolliad_, viz.: Tickell, Richardson, and Fitzpatrick. Memoirs of the first
+two are given in Chalmers's _Dictionary_; but in Moore's _Life of
+Sheridan_, MR. TURNER will find several notices of them, far more
+attractive than dry biographical details. They were both intimately
+associated with Sheridan; Tickell, indeed, was his brother-in-law. One
+would prefer calling them his _friends_, but steady friendship must rest
+upon a firmer basis than those gifts of wit, talent, and a keen sense of
+the ridiculous, which prevailed so largely amongst this clever trio.
+
+Tickell's production, _Anticipation_, is still remembered from its
+cleverness and humour; but when every speaker introduced into its pages has
+long been dead, and some of them were little known to fame, the pamphlet is
+preserved by a few solely from the celebrity which it once possessed.
+
+His death in 1793 was a most melancholy one. It is described by Professor
+Smyth in in his interesting _Memoir of Sheridan_, a book printed some years
+ago for distribution among his friends, and which well deserves
+publication.
+
+Independent of his contributions to the _Rolliad_, {334} Richardson did
+little as an author. His comedy of _The Fugitive_, acted and published in
+1792, was well received, and is much praised. Why has this production so
+completely disappeared?
+
+General Fitzpatrick was born in 1749, and died in 1815. He was the second
+son of John, Earl of Upper Ossory; twice Secretary-at-War; once secretary
+to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Portland, but what he
+regarded as his highest distinction, and it is recorded on his tomb, was
+the friendship of Fox during forty years of their lives.
+
+Some of his speeches on the union with Ireland will be found in the
+thirty-fourth volume of the _Parliamentary History_.
+
+His epitaph, by himself, is inscribed on a sarcophagus in the church-yard
+at Sunning Hill, in which he describes himself--what his friends admitted
+to be truth--a politician without ambition, a writer without vanity.
+
+Which is the true reading in the following lines by Fitzpatrick on Fox? In
+my copy the word "course" in the third line is erased, and the word "mind"
+is substituted.
+
+ "A patriot's even course he steered,
+  Mid Faction's wildest storms unmoved:
+  By all who marked his _course_ revered,
+  By all who knew his heart beloved."
+
+Sheridan says most justly:
+
+    "Wit being generally founded upon the manners and characters of its own
+    day, is crowned in that day, beyond all other exertions of the mind,
+    with splendid and immediate success. But there is always something that
+    equalises. In return, more than any other production, it suffers
+    suddenly and irretrievably from the hand of Time."
+
+Still some publications, from their wit and brilliancy, are sufficiently
+buoyant to float down to posterity. The publication in question, the
+_Rolliad_, is one; the _Anti-Jacobin_ another. You may not be unwilling, in
+your useful pages, to give a list of some of the writers in the latter
+publication. My own copy of it is marked from that belonging to one of the
+writers, and is as follows:--
+
+  Nos. 1. 4. 9. 19. 26, 27--33., by Mr George Ellis.
+  Nos. 6. and 7., by Messrs. Ellis and Frere.
+  Nos. 20, 21, 22. 30--36., by Mr. Canning.
+  No. 10. by M.; No. 13. by C. B.; No. 39. by N.
+
+To the remaining numbers, neither names nor initials are affixed. Can any
+of your readers explain the initials, M., C. B., and N., and give us the
+authors of the _remaining_ numbers?
+
+In replying to Mr. TURNER'S Queries, I shall attend to the wish expressed
+by so old and so valued a friend, and substitute for initials, of which he
+disapproves, the name of
+
+J. H. MARKLAND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARDSON--TICKELL--FITZPATRICK.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 276.)
+
+I am much surprised at MR. DAWSON TURNER'S inquiry about these names. I
+will not say with him that, "not to know them argues himself unknown." On
+the contrary, my wonder is, that one, himself so well and so favourably
+known as MR. TURNER, should have need to ask such a question about men with
+whom, or, at least, with whose fame, he must have been a contemporary,
+presuming, as I do, that he is the same MR. DAWSON TURNER with whose works
+we have been acquainted for above half a century. Since, however, he has
+made the Query, I will answer it as succinctly as I can.
+
+The Right Honourable Richard Fitzpatrick was the only brother of the last
+Earl of Upper Ossory, and prominent in fashion, in politics, and in elegant
+literature, and not undistinguished as a soldier. He sat in _nine_
+successive parliaments (in two which I knew him). As early as 1782 he was
+Secretary for Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary-at-War, which office he again
+filled in 1806. In the galaxy of opposition wits, when opposition was
+wittiest, Fitzpatrick was generally admitted to be the first, and there
+were those who thought him _in general powers_ superior even to Fox and
+Sheridan. His oratory, however, did not do justice to his talents, and he
+was both shy and indolent. His best speech was that in December, 1796, for
+the release of Lafayette, to which even the ridicule of the _Anti-Jacobin_
+allowed the merit of pathetic eloquence. His share in the _Rolliad_ was
+considerable, and there are many other sprightly and some elegant specimens
+of his poetical talents scattered through various publications. I wish they
+were collected.
+
+Richard Tickell, the grandson of Addison's friend, and brother-in-law to
+Sheridan, was the author of _Anticipation_, one of the liveliest political
+pamphlets ever written. He published many occasional poems, the best of
+which is a poetical "Epistle from Charles Fox, partridge shooting, to Lord
+John Townsend, cruising." MR. DAWSON TURNER will find more about him in the
+_Biographical Dictionary_.
+
+Joseph Richardson, who died in 1803, was M.P. for Newport in three
+parliaments. He was an intimate friend of Sheridan's, and partner with him
+in Drury Lane Theatre. He wrote a play, entitled _The Fugitive_; but he is
+only remembered for his contributions (whatever they were) to the
+_Rolliad_. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ (vol. lxxiii. p. 602.), MR. DAWSON
+TURNER will find a longer notice of him.
+
+There are a few remarks on the authors of the _Rolliad_ in Moore's _Life of
+Sheridan_, i. 420.
+
+C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {335}
+
+QUAKERS' ATTEMPT TO CONVERT THE POPE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 302.)
+
+I have never met with any satisfactory account of this singular Quaker
+aggression. Perhaps it may be a contribution towards one if you can find
+room for some notice of a tract in my possession. It is entitled, _A
+Narrative of some of the Sufferings of J. P. in the City of Rome. London,
+printed for Thomas Simmons, at the Bull and Mouth, near Aldersgate_, 1661,
+4to., pp. 16. This narrative of John Perrot's does not, however, give any
+particulars respecting his going to Rome, or the proceedings which led to
+his captivity there, but begins with the words--
+
+    "When I was cast into Prison, because I loved the souls of my enemies,"
+    &c.;
+
+and after eight pages, chiefly occupied by inflated description of his
+sorrows, from which one obtains no facts, he tells us that God took pity on
+him,
+
+    "And raised up his little babe, my dear Brother Thomas Hart, to set his
+    tender soul nearer unto my sufferings, and made him take my burdens on
+    his back, and the yoak of my tribulation on his neck, and made him sup
+    of my sore sorrows, and drink of the bleedings of my grief,'--
+
+and so he goes on; but we do not learn what Thomas Hart did, except that he
+comforted John Perrot in his confinement.
+
+    "Moreover," he says, "the everlasting mercies of my God did stir up the
+    bowels of other two of his tender babes, named in the tent Jane Stokes
+    and Charles Baylie, to come to visit me whilest I was as forsaken of
+    all men."
+
+They persevered, he tells us,
+
+    "in their pilgrimage until they arrived to Rome, where C. B. offered
+    his life to ransom me, and both of them entered into captivity for the
+    love which they bore to my life."
+
+His _Narrative_ (strictly speaking) contains no further information, but
+that at the bottom of the tenth page it is dated and signed,
+
+    "Written in Rome Prison of Madmen. JOHN."
+
+The remaining six pages of the pamphlet consist of a letter from Charles
+Baylie, giving an account of his pilgrimage with Jane Stokes, from Dover to
+Calais, Paris, Marseilles, Genoa, until
+
+    "Arriving," he says, "safe at Rome, we were drawn in our lives directly
+    to the place where the dearly beloved J. P. was, and coming to the
+    prison door, I enquired for him, and having answer of his being there,
+    I desired for to speak with him, but it would not be permitted us; So
+    it was said in me, _Write unto him_, which I did, the which he answered
+    us in the fulness of love, which refreshed us after our weary steps;
+    For our souls were refreshed one in another, though one another's faces
+    we had never seen to the outward, and then we being kept in a holy fear
+    not to do nor act one way nor other, but as we were moved of the Lord,
+    least we should add to his bonds,--I say, being thus kept, we were
+    delivered out of the snare of the fowler, who secretly lay in wait to
+    betray our innocency; And after a little time the Lord showed me I
+    should go to the inquisition, which I did, and enquired for the
+    Inquisitor, as I was showed of the Lord I should do; and when I spoke
+    to him I told him _I was come from England for to see my brother
+    J. P._; to which he answered, _I should see him_, and appointed me to
+    come to a certain place called _Minerva_, and there, saith he, _I will
+    procure you the liberty of the Cardinalls to see him_; he had me also
+    to the Inquisition office, where he asked many questions of me
+    concerning our religion, to which I answered in the simplicity of my
+    heart in the fear of the Lord; and at the appointed time I came to the
+    place aforesaid, and there I was showed what further I should do, which
+    was to tender my body for my brother; and so from that time I hardly
+    missed opportunity to speak to them as often as they met: for their
+    manner was thus to meet twice a-week, the one time at _Minerva_, and
+    the other time at _Monte-Cavallo_, where the Pope's own dwelling is,
+    where I also did the like, more than once, which stirred them up
+    against me, in great enmity," &c.
+
+I am afraid I am trespassing on your overfilled columns; but--omitting his
+account of his going to the Jews' synagogue, and of the command which he
+received to fast twenty days as a testimony against those who falsely
+stated that John Luffe had fasted nineteen days and died on the
+twentieth--omitting this, I must give one more extract. Having been
+detained in one of his visits to the _Minerva_, he says:
+
+    "From thence I was carried to the Inquisition, where I was shut up
+    close, and after I had been there 3 dayes the Lord said to me, _Thou
+    must go to the Pazzarella_, which was the Prison or Hospital of mad
+    men, where our dear brother was prisoner; and it was also said unto me,
+    _Thou shalt also speak to the Pope_; And at the 17 dayes end, I was led
+    from the Inquisition towards the other prison, and by the way I met the
+    Pope carried in great pomp; as it was the good will of the Lord that I
+    should speak unto him, men could not prevent it, for I met him towards
+    the foot of a bridge, where I was something nigh him, and when he came
+    against me, the people being on their knees on each side of him, I
+    cried to him with a loud voice in the Italian tongue, _To do the thing
+    that was Just, and to release the Innocent_; and whilest I was
+    speaking, the man which led me had not power to take me away until I
+    had done, and then he had me to prison where my endeared brother was,
+    where I fasted about 20 dayes as a witness against that bloody
+    generation," &c.
+
+As to how they got out, he only says:
+
+    "Soon after my fast, the Lord, by an outstretched arm, wrought our
+    deliverance, being condemned to perpetual galley-slavery, if ever we
+    returned again unto Rome."
+
+It appears, however, that though thus prevented from exercising his office
+of a missionary in Rome, Charles Baylie did not relinquish it. In the
+letter just quoted he informs his correspondent (who this was does not
+appear), that since he had seen his face, he had been several times (as he
+was while {336} writing) shut up in strong prisons; and the letter is dated
+
+    "The third of the sixth month, 1661. _From the Common Gaol in_ Burkdou,
+    _in_ France, _about thirty leagues from_ Dover, _where I am a sufferer
+    for speaking the Word of the Lord to two Priests, saying_, All Idols,
+    all Idolatries, and all Idol Priests must perish."
+
+John Perrot seems to have considered that his mission extended over all the
+world. While in Rome Prison of Madmen, he wrote an address "To all people
+upon the face of the Earth," which he "sent thence the 8th of the 10th
+month, 1660;" and he was, no doubt, the author of the tract which follows
+it (and precedes the narrative) in my volume, entitled "Blessed openings of
+a day of good things to the Turks. Written to the Heads, Rulers, Ancients,
+and Elders of their Land, and whomsoever else it may concern," though it is
+only signed "JOHN." To him also, I suppose, we must ascribe another tract,
+_Discoveries of the Day-dawning to the Jewes. Whereby they may know in what
+state they shall inherit the riches and glory of Promise_. "J. P." is all
+that is given for the author's name on the title-page, but the tract is
+signed [Hebrew: JWHN], that is, John. He too, I presume, was the author of
+another of the tracts, _An Epistle to the Greeks, especially to those in
+and about Corinth and Athens, &c. Written in Egripo in the Island of
+Negroponte, by a Servant of the Lord: J. P._ He seems to have been at
+Athens on the 27th day of the 7th month, in the year accounted 1657, being
+the first day of the week, the day of Greek solemn worship, and to have
+been "conversant" with Carlo Dessio and Gumeno Stephaci, "called Greek
+doctors."
+
+S. R. M.
+
+Gloucester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SNAIL-EATING.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 221.)
+
+Snail-eating is by no means uncommon. When I was a youth I took a dozen
+snails every morning to a lady who was of a delicate constitution, and to
+whom they were recommended as wholesome food. They were boiled, and mixed
+up with milk. They were the common snail, usually found about old garden
+walls. A friend of mine, in walking round his garden, was in the habit of
+picking the snails off his fruit-trees and eating them raw. He was somewhat
+fastidious, for I have seen him take a snail, put it to his tongue, and
+reject it as not of a good flavour, and select another more agreeable to
+his taste. We are strange creatures of habit, especially in our feeding. I
+am fond of oysters, muscles, and cockles; but I do not think anything could
+induce me to taste a snail, a periwinkle, or a limpet.
+
+B. H.
+
+_Snail-eating._--This practice is very general in Italy. While residing
+near Florence, my attention was often attracted by a heap of fifty or one
+hundred very clean, empty, snail-shells, in a ditch, or under a bush; and I
+indulged in many vain speculations, before I could account for so strange a
+phenomenon.
+
+One day, however, I happened to meet the _contadina_ coming out of my
+garden with a basket on her arm; and from her shy, conscious manner, and an
+evident wish to avoid my seeing the contents, I rather suspected she had
+been making free with my peaches. To my surprise, however, I found that she
+was laden with the delicious _frutta-di-terra_ (sometimes so called, as the
+Echinus, so common along the Italian coast, is called _frutta-di-mare_);
+and thinking that she had been collecting them simply from regard to my
+fruit and vegetables, I thanked her for her kind services. But she
+understood me ironically, and, with a good deal of confusion, offered to
+carry them to the kitchen, apologising most elaborately, and assuring me
+that she would on no account have taken them, had not our cook told her
+that we despised them, and that she would no doubt be welcome. I asked her
+what in the world she intended to do with them? and, with a look of
+amazement at my question, even surpassing mine at her reply, she informed
+me that her brother and his wife had come to pay them a visit, and that,
+with my kind permission, she would thus treat them to "_una bellissima
+cena_." She had collected about three quarts, during a search of two hours.
+The large brown kind only are eaten. Among the poor they are generally
+esteemed a delicacy, and reputed to be marvellously nutritious.
+
+NOCAB.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR JOHN DAVIES, DAVIS, OR DAVYS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 82.)
+
+The following additional particulars of this eminent lawyer and poet may be
+deemed interesting. In a letter from Mr. Pary to the Rev. Josiah Mead, of
+the 26th November, 1626, it is stated:
+
+    "Tomorrow, it is said Sergeant Richardson shall be Lord Chief Justice
+    of the Common Pleas, and Sir John Davis nominated to the King's Bench,
+    because he hath written a book in defence of the legality of this new
+    Loan."
+
+In another letter of the 9th December, 1626, it is stated:
+
+    "I heard last night that Sergeant Davis, who it is said looked to be
+    Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in place of Sir Randal Crew,
+    was found dead in his bed."
+
+And, again, in a letter from the Rev. Josiah Mead to Sir Martin Stuteville,
+of the 16th Dec., 1626:
+
+    "This of the death of Sir John Davis, for aught I {337} can hear, holds
+    true. It is added, that he was at supper with my Lord Keeper that
+    evening before I was told by him that he should be Lord Chief Justice
+    of the King's Bench; but he lived not to see the morning. My Lord of
+    Huntingdon rode up, upon this news, for he is his heir."
+
+Ferdinando Lord Hastings, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, married
+Lucy, daughter and heiress of Sir John Davis, and in 1613 succeeded his
+father as Earl of Huntingdon.
+
+Sir John Davis married Lady Eleanor, only daughter of the Earl of
+Castlehaven, and sister of the infamous Earl. She remarried Sir Archibald
+Douglas, and died in 1652. She was the lady of the anagram celebrity,
+"Reveal, oh, Daniel," and "Never so mad a lady." There is no doubt that she
+and her brother were as mad as could well be.
+
+In a letter from Mr. Edward Rossingham to Sir Thomas Puckering, dated 4th
+January, 1636, it is stated:
+
+    "Sunday before Christmas the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter of Lichfield
+    sent up a complaint against the Lady Eleanor Davis. It seems the
+    cathedral church in Lichfield is lately very beautifully set out with
+    hangings of arras behind the altar, the Communion table handsomely
+    railed in, and the table itself set out in the best manner, and the
+    Bishop's seat fairly built. This Lady came one Communion day, in the
+    morning, with a kettle in one hand and a brush in the other, to
+    sprinkle some of her holy water (as she called that in the kettle) upon
+    these hangings and the Bishop's seat, which was only a composition of
+    tar, pitch, sink-puddle water, &c., and such kind of nasty ingredients,
+    which she did sprinkle upon the aforesaid things. This being the act of
+    a mad woman, the Lords, to prevent further mischief, have given out two
+    warrants, the one to bring the Lady to Bethlehem, the other to the
+    keeper of Bethlehem to receive her. There are messengers gone into
+    Staffordshire to bring her up."
+
+It appeared afterwards she was so poor, that it became a question at the
+Council who should maintain her. She seems to have been wholly neglected by
+her second husband.
+
+Sir John Davis and his lady are buried in the church of St. Martin's in the
+Fields, and the following are their epitaphs, from Strype's _Stow_, book
+vi. p. 72.:
+
+    "D. O. M. S. Johannes Davys, Equestris ordinis quondam Attornati Regis
+    Generalis amplissima Provincia in regno Hib. functus. Inde in Patriam
+    revocatus inter Servientes Domini Regis ad Legem primum locum
+    sustinuit. Ob. 1626."
+
+    "Acc[=u]bat dignissimo marito incomparabilis Uxor, &c., 1652."
+
+    "_Note._--She was the Lady Eleanora, the only daughter of the Earl of
+    Castlehaven, Baron Audley."
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham, April 15. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LOCKE MSS.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 413.)
+
+In reference to an inquiry after MSS. relating to Locke, I enclose
+particulars of a small 4to. MS. volume in my possession.
+
+THOMAS KERSLAKE.
+
+    "_MANUSCRIPT._--LOCKE'S (John, _an Attorney living at Publow, and
+    father of the illustrious Metaphysician of the same name_) Common-Place
+    Book, containing Matters (relating to the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton,
+    Kainsham, Brewton, Catsashe, Norton Ferris, Horethorne, Froome,
+    Wellowe, Whitstone, Wells Forum, Portbury, Bathe Forum, Winterstoke,
+    Bempstone, Kilmersdon, Brent, Hartliffe and Bedminster, Hampton and
+    Claverton, and Phillips Norton Liberties, Glaston, Queene Camell, &c.)
+    of daily use to him as Court Keeper to Col. Alex. Popham, a Magistrate
+    and Leader of Parliamentary Forces in Somersetsh., _variously dated
+    from 1629 to 1655, all in the handwriting of the elder John
+    Locke_,--also many entries by other hands of other matters, in the
+    remaining leaves of the same volume, many of which are probably in the
+    handwriting of the afterwards distinguished younger John Locke, _4to.
+    original vellum wrapper, 12l. 12s._
+
+    Contains:--
+
+    Entries of Bailments and Bindings over of Prosecutors in cases of
+    Felony which occurred in the neighbourhood of Pensford, for the Assizes
+    at Bath, Taunton, Bridgewater, and Wells, 1630-31.
+
+    Appointment at Bathe of Overseers of Woollen Cloth, 1631, for Chew,
+    Dundry, Chewstoke, Ubley, Mids. Norton, Kainsham, Publow, Kelston,
+    Mounton Coombe, Bathford, Bathwicke, Freshford, Weston, Froome, Rode,
+    Beckington, Lullington, Berkley, Chew, Mells, and Leigh, Colsford,
+    Hampton et Claverton, Batheaston, Charterhouse Hinton, with the names
+    of the Overseers.
+
+    Scotch Postures (Humorous).
+
+    Names of the Tithings in the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham.
+
+    Abp. Usher on the Liturgie and Episcopall Government, 1640.
+
+    The Sums of the Payment of each Tithing of the above hundreds of the
+    1st of 15th and 10th of the Subsidy of 3-15ths and 10ths to K. James,
+    to declare war against Spain, 1623-4.
+
+    The Yearlie Proportion of the Severall Hundreds of the Easterne
+    Division of the Countie towarde the releife of the Hospitall,
+    1632.--Ditto, Westerne Division.
+
+    The Yearlie Rate for the Maymed Soldiers of every Hundred and Libertie
+    within this County of Somerset.
+
+    The Rate of Kainsham Hundred, with the amount of each Parish.
+
+    A Rate devised at Hinton in 1601, for the raising of 100 men for
+    Ireland, with consent of the Bath Magistrates, and their names.
+
+    The number and proportion of Shipping within Englande and Wales, to be
+    made readie against Mar. 1, 1635.
+
+    Hundred of Kainsham, Quarterlie Payment of each tithing to the
+    Hospitalls and Maymed Soldiers.
+
+    A Rate made at Pensford 23rd Sept., 1635, for the raising of 160l.
+    {338}
+
+    The Assizes holden at Bathe, 24th July, 1637, before the Right Honble.
+    S. Fynch,--the Names of the Justices (among whom are John Stowell,
+    Ralph Hopton, John Horner, Rob. Hopton, John Harington, &c.), and the
+    Names of the Grand Jury.
+
+    Subsidie 17th Charles:--A Particular how each Tithing within the
+    Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham stands chardged, for the
+    Reliefe of his Maties Army and the Northerne parte of the Kingdom,
+    Thomas Hunt of Dundry, Collector.
+
+    The Protestation by Order of Parliament, 5^o Maij, 1641,--with Jo.
+    Locke's acceptance of the Protestation in the Parish Church of Publoe,
+    3rd Apr., 1642.
+
+    Kainsham:--The "Purblinde, Partiall, and Innovated Rate" of this Hund.,
+    24th Sept., 1649.
+
+    Kainsham Hund.--A Rate for Ship-money--with the Particulars of every
+    Tithing, Parish, and Particular Person chardged--contains the name of
+    every rateable person in the parishes of Burnet, Preston, Stanton Drew,
+    Stanton Prior, Salford, Publoe, Marksbury, Chelworth, Shrubwell,
+    Belluton, Compton Dando, Farmborrow, Chewton, Whitchurch, Charlton,
+    Brislington, and Kainsham, with the amount of this celebrated tax
+    assessed to each person.
+
+    The Names of the Lords Lieutenants nominated by the Howse of Comons,
+    1641.
+
+    The Muster Roll of the Collonell Sir Rawfe Hopton, Knight, his Band of
+    200 foote Soldiers, within the Eastern Division, and Regiment of the
+    Countie of Somerset.--Bathe, xxi^o xxij^{do} Maij, 1639.--(Contains, a
+    List of the Officers, "William Tynte," &c.--a list of bearers of Pikes,
+    with the Names of the Soldiers and of the gentlemen or tithings for
+    whom they serve,--also a similar list of the bearers of "Shott.")
+
+    A list of Parishes in the Deaneries of Froome and Bedminster, with the
+    name of the Clergyman of each, the arms supplied by him, and the Names
+    of the men who bore them.
+
+    A Rate for raising L41-00-03 per mensem, in the hund. of Kainsham, for
+    Generall Fairfax Army, 1648.
+
+    Several Papers relating to Differences concerning Rates between the In
+    Hundred and Out Hundred of Kainsham.
+
+    Particulars and Value of Feer's Tenement, in Belluton, now in the
+    possession of Henry Stickland, given in by him this day, 24 Dec., 1655.
+
+    Rente to my Landlord, Coll. Alex. Popham, out of the 3 Tenements I hold
+    in Publoe, and the Lives thereon at the time of their obtaining, 1650.
+
+    A Receipt for his Rente at Publoe, 3. 8bris & 11 Dec., 1638.
+
+    _The above are in the handwriting of Jo. Locke, the elder; in another
+    hand, on blank covers, left by the former, are_--Propositions on
+
+      Philosophy:--Phisicke, Ethike, and Dialectike.
+      De Providentia Dei et ad genus.
+      De Praedestinatione.
+      Propositiones Catholicae.
+
+    N.B. One of the later chapters of the Essay on the Human Understanding
+    is treated under propositions nearly identical with the leaf of the MS.
+    which is described in the preceding four lines.
+
+      Copia Actus locationis Mensae Dominicae in Ecclesia S. Gregorij
+          Civitatis London.
+      Character of Drunkenness (_Rhyme_), &c. &c.
+
+    At the end, in several hands, are various receipts: one in the elder
+    Locke's handwriting, 'The Weapon Salve, and the use thereof, as it was
+    sent unto mee as a most excellent and rare secret from my Cosin
+    Alderman John Locke[5], of Bristoll, in his Letter, dat. 5^o Apr.
+    1650,'--also 'To make Shineing Inke', signed 'J L: Ox:'
+
+    On the last leaf is a record of the Births, Marriages and Deaths of the
+    Locke Family, from 1603 to 1624, including that of John Locke, the
+    father, 29 April, 1606."
+
+[Footnote 5: High Sheriff of Bristol in 1626, and the Mayor of Bristol in
+1641 who refused admittance to the royal forces. See Barrett and Seyer.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Defoe's Anticipations_ (Vol. iii., p. 287.).--Defoe had probably seen the
+English translation, or rather abridgment, of Father Dos Santos's _Ethiopia
+Oriental_, in Purchas's _Pilgrimes_ (vol. ii. 1544, fol. ed.), in which
+some hints are given of the great lake (nyassi, _i. e._ sea) Maravi, which
+lies nearly parallel with the eastern coast, and was known to D'Anville, in
+whose map _Massi_ is misengraved for Niassi. A very careful examination of
+the Portuguese expeditions across the continent of Africa has been given by
+Mr. Cooley, in the _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_ (vol. xv. p.
+185.; xvi. p. 138.), and he has ascertained, approximately, the extent and
+position of that great lake, which, from distrust of D'Anville, one of the
+most exact geographers, had been expunged from all modern maps. It is
+considerably to the N. and E. of the Nyami lately determined, and of much
+greater extent.
+
+ANATOL.
+
+_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery_ (Vol. iii., p. 242.).--The work entitled
+_Discovery of a New World, or a Description of the South Indies, hitherto
+unknown, by an English Mercury, imprinted by E. Blount_, no date, 12mo., is
+not, as our correspondent supposes, very rare, nor is it by Bishop Hall. It
+is a free translation, or rather paraphrase, and an excellent one in its
+way, by John Healey, of Bishop Hall's very entertaining _Mundus Alter et
+Idem_, first published in 12mo., Francof., without date, afterwards
+reprinted with Campanella's _Civitas Solis_ and Bacon's _Atlantis_ at
+Utrecht, 1643, 24mo., and subsequently included in the edition of Bishop
+Hall's works by Pratt, 10 vols., Lond., 1808, 8vo. The epitaph quoted is
+not a satire upon any statesman of the time. The writer is describing the
+Land of Changeableness, or, as it is called in the Latin original, "Variana
+vel Moronia Mobilis," and gives in the course of his description this
+epitaph on Andreas Vortunius (a vertendo), or, as he is styled in the
+English {339} translation, "Andrew Turncoate." The epitaph occurs in p.
+132. of the Latin edition of 1643, and is evidently, as indicated by the
+marginal notes, an imitation or parody of the famous one on AEelia Laelia
+Crispis, which has exercised the ingenuity of so many writers, and of which
+our own countryman, Richard White, of Basingstoke, the historian, has given
+three different interpretations. See his _AElia Laelia Crispis, Epitaphium
+Antiquum quod in Agro Bononiensi adhuc videtur, a diversis interpretatum
+varie, novissime autem a Richardo Vito explicatum_, Padua, 1568, 4to. An
+article on this epitaph and its various interpreters, of whom I have
+collected about forty, might be made a very interesting one.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+    [We wish MR. CROSSLEY--than whom no one is more competent--would favour
+    us with such an article. The following communication from MR. FORBES is
+    only one of several we have received, showing that the interest in this
+    enigma is not abated.]
+
+_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery_ (Vol. iii., p. 242.).--When this epitaph is
+assigned to its right owner, it may perhaps throw some light on its
+twin-brother--the epitaph on "AElia Laelia Crispis"--"_about which many of
+the learned have puzzled their heads_." (See _Encyc. Brit._, article
+"AEnigma.") I enclose a copy of this epitaph, which you can use or not, as
+you please. If you think that it might help to "unearth" Mister Andrew
+Turnecoate, you may perhaps like to lay it before your readers; if, on the
+other hand, that it would but increase the difficulty of the operation by
+distracting attention needlessly, you can hand it over to "the Editor's
+best friend"--the fire.
+
+        "D. M.
+
+     AElia Laelia Crispis,
+     Nec vir, nec mulier,
+        Nec androgyna
+    Nec puella, nec juvenis,
+          Nec anus;
+    Nec casta, nec meretrix,
+         Nec pudica;
+         Sed omnia;
+          Sublata
+   Neque fame, neque ferro,
+       Neque veneno;
+        Sed omnibus:
+    Nec coelo, nec terris,
+         Nec aquis,
+      Sed ubique jacet.
+    Lucius Agatho Priscius,
+    Nec maritus, nec amator,
+      Nec necessarius;
+  Neque moerens, neque gaudens,
+        Neque flens;
+           Hanc,
+    Nec molem, nec pyramidem,
+       Nec sepulchrum,
+         Sed omnia,
+    Scit et nescit, cui posuerit."
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+_Saint Thomas of Lancaster._--The following passage in Fuller's _Worthies_
+(of Yorkshire) does not seem to have been noticed by either of your
+correspondents who replied to MR. R. M. MILNES' Query in Vol. i., p. 181.:
+
+    "Thomas Plantagenet. Before I proceed, I must confess myself formerly
+    at a great loss to understand a passage in an honourable author,
+    speaking of the counterfeit reliques detected and destroyed at the
+    Reformation: 'The Bell of Saint Guthlac, and the _Felt_ of Saint Thomas
+    of Lancaster, both remedies for the headache.' (Vice Lord Herbert's
+    _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 431.) But I could recover no Saint _Thomas_
+    (saving him of _Canterbury_) in any English Martyrology, till since, on
+    enquiry, I find him to be this _Thomas Plantagenet_. He was Earl of
+    Derby, Lancaster, Leicester, and (in the right of Alice his wife) of
+    Lincoln. A popular person, and great enemy to the two Spencers, minions
+    to King Edward II, who being hated as devils for their pride, no wonder
+    if this Thomas was honored as a Saint and Martyr by the common sort.[6]
+    Indeed he must be a very good chymist who can extract _martyr_ out of
+    _malefactor_; and our chronicles generally behold him put to death for
+    treason against King Edward II. But let him pass for a saint in this
+    shire, though never solemnly canonised, it being true of such local
+    saints, what Servius Honoratus observeth of topical gods, '_ad alias
+    regiones nunquam transibant_,' they travelled not so far as to be
+    honored in other countries. His beheading, _alias_ his martyrdom,
+    happened at Pomfret A.D. 1322."
+
+It would appear from the foregoing extract that Thomas of Lancaster was
+never admitted into the Romish calendar of saints; though his memory was
+locally revered, especially for his opposition to the two Spencers, or
+Despensers, as they are called by Hume. This historian had no respect for
+"the turbulent Lancaster;" but the quaint old Fuller seems to have thought
+well of him.
+
+As a _bell-man_ I am more interested in the virtues of the bell of Saint
+Guthlac, than in the hat of Saint Thomas, and I take this opportunity of
+asking assistance from the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" towards a
+collection of curious anecdotes and information about bells, which I am
+endeavouring to make. Any contributions will be thankfully received by me.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+[Footnote 6: "_In sanctorum numerum retulit vulgus._--Camden's _Brit._ in
+Yorkshire. Amongst other profits received by the abbey of Leicester, in
+1348, from oblations at the church of St. Martin in that town, occurs, _pes
+Thomae Lancastriae respondebat, 6l. 10s._"--_History of Leicestershire_, vol.
+i. p. 591.]
+
+_Francis Moore_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--That such a personage really did
+exist there can be little doubt. Bromley (in _Engraved Portraits, &c._)
+gives 1657 as the date of his birth, and says that there was a portrait of
+him by Drapentier _ad vivum_. Lysons mentions him as one of the {340}
+remarkable men who, at different periods, resided at Lambeth, and says that
+his house was in Calcott's Alley, High Street, then called Back Lane, where
+he seems to have enlightened his generation in the threefold capacity of
+astrologer, physician, and schoolmaster.
+
+J. C. B.
+
+Lambeth.
+
+"_Tickhill, God help me_" (Vol. i., p. 247.; Vol. ii., p. 452.).--Although
+I am full late with my pendent, I am tempted to add the instance of "Kyme
+God Knows," well known to all explorers of the Fens. The adjunct, "God
+knows," is supposed to be part of the following verse:
+
+ "It's Kyme, God knows,
+  Where no corn grows,
+    And very little hay;
+  And if there come a wet time,
+    It _weshes_ all away."
+
+If I misquote, perhaps some Fen man will set me right.
+
+As to the "Lincoln-heath where should 'un?" instanced by your correspondent
+H. C. ST. CROIX, in the No. for April 27, 1850, it is quite unknown in this
+neighbourhood, and I believe must belong to some other locale.
+
+B.
+
+Lincoln.
+
+_Meaning of Tye_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--On or contiguous to the South
+Downs, in Sussex, there are several portions of land bearing this
+designation, as Berwick Tye, Alfriston Tye, Telscombe Tye, &c. They are all
+contiguous to the villages from which they derive their names. These lands
+were formerly held in common by the tenants of the respective manors, and I
+think the origin of the expression may be traced to the tethering or
+_tying_-up of cows, horses, &c., for the double purpose of preventing their
+straying, and of preserving the fences of the neighbouring tenements. I
+offer this conjecture with some diffidence, because the word is very often
+found in _composition_ with proper names of places, as Lavortye,
+Brambletye, Holtye, Puxtye, Ollantigh. The vulgar notion, that it means a
+space which originally measured ten acres, is, I think, untenable.
+
+M. A. LOWER.
+
+Lewes.
+
+_Dutch Church in Norwich_ (Vol. iii., p. 209.).--Some interesting details
+connected with the establishment of the Dutch Church in Norwich, as well as
+the first settlement of the Walloons in that city, will be found in
+Blomefield's _History of Norfolk_, vol. iii. p. 282. et seq., edit. 1806.
+
+J. Y.
+
+_The Dutch Church, Norwich._--Some account of this church may be seen in
+Burn's _History of the Foreign Refugees_, 1846. It is to be regretted,
+however, that the registers and acts of vestry are missing. The _seal_ of
+the church has lately been discovered.
+
+J. S. B.
+
+_Lost Manuscripts_ (Vol. iii., pp. 161. 261.)--In pursuance of MR.
+MACKENZIE'S suggestions respecting the search for lost manuscripts, permit
+me to ask, if all hope must be considered as given up of decyphering any
+more of those discovered at Herculaneum, or of resuming the excavations
+there, that have been so long discontinued? Perhaps the improved chemical
+processes of recent days might be found more successful in facilitating the
+unrolling of the MSS., than the means resorted to so long ago by Sir H.
+Davy. Can any of your correspondents state whether anything has been done
+lately with the Herculaneum MSS.?
+
+Eustace says that--
+
+    "As a very small part of Herculaneum has hitherto been explored, it is
+    highly probable that if a general excavation were made, ten times the
+    number of MSS. above mentioned (1800) might be discovered, and among
+    them, perhaps, or very probably, some of the first works of antiquity,
+    the loss of which has been so long lamented."--_Classical Tour_, vol.
+    i. 4to., p.585.
+
+J. M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_The Circulation of the Blood_ (Vol. iii., p.252.).--In a paraphrase on
+Ecclesiastes xii. 1-6., entitled, _King Solomon's Portraiture of Old Age_,
+by John Smith, M.D., London, 1676, 8vo., 1752, 12mo., the author attributes
+the discovery of the circulation of the blood to King Solomon. Mede also
+finds the same anticipation of science in "the pitcher broken at the
+fountain." Who was the first to suggest the transfusion of blood?
+
+T. J.
+
+_Alliteration_ (Vol. iii., p. 165.)--Your correspondent H. A. B., in
+quoting the seventh stanza from Phineas Fletcher's _Purple Island_,
+observes, that the second line,
+
+ "A life that lives by love, and loves by light,"
+
+is "noticeable" for its _alliteration_. But the best specimen that I have
+met with in English--after having read much verse, and published a volume,
+which my partial friends call poetry--will be found in Quarles' _Divine
+Emblems_, book ii. emblem ii. Beyond all question, Quarles was a poet that
+needed not "apt alliteration's artful aid" to add to the vigour of his
+verse, or lend liquidity to his lines. Quarles is often queer, quaint, and
+querulous, but never prolix, prosey, or puling.
+
+ "We sack, we ransack to the utmost sands
+  Of native kingdoms, and of foreign lands:
+  _We travel sea and soil; we pry, we prowl,_
+  _We progress, and we prog from pole to pole_."
+
+Verily, old Francis must have had a prophetic peep at the effects of _free
+trade_, and the growing greatness of Great Britain, in the gathering of the
+Nations under a huge GLASS CASE in Hyde Park, in the present year 1851!
+
+C. G.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+{341}
+
+_Vineyards in England_ (Vol. ii., p. 392.).--The Lincoln "Vine Closes" may
+as well be added to the rest. They were given to the church here by Henry
+I. See the charter, entitled _Carta Hen. I. de Vinea sua Linc._, in Dugdale
+(Caley's) vol. vi. p. 1272. Their site is a rather steep slope, facing the
+south, and immediately east of the city. The southern aspect of our hill
+was celebrated long ago by some poet, as quoted by H. Huntingdon:
+
+ "Urbs in colle sita est, et collis vergit ad austrum".
+
+N.B. One of the Abbey fields at Bullington, a few miles east of Lincoln, is
+known as the Hopyard. The plant has never been cultivated in these parts
+within memory, or the range of the faintest tradition, but the character of
+the soil is clayey, and perhaps not unsuitable. Were hopyards often
+attached to monasteries? The house at Bullington was of the order of
+Sempringham.
+
+B.
+
+Lincoln.
+
+_Countess of Desmond_ (Vol. iii., p. 250.).--If your correspondents on this
+subject should be wandering to the south-east of London, they may be
+interested in knowing that there are two very striking portraits of this
+lady in Kent, one at Knowle, near Seven Oaks; the other, which is the more
+remarkable picture of the two, at Bedgebury, near Cranbrook, the seat of
+Viscount Beresford.
+
+E. H. Y.
+
+_St. John's Bridge Fair_ (Vol. iii., pp. 88. 287.).--I cannot agree with
+the conjecture that this was Peterborough Bridge Fair. On the confines of
+Gloucestershire and Berkshire, at the distance of about 77 miles from
+London, near Lechlade, and on the road to Farringdon, is a St. John's
+Bridge, near which was a priory or hospital. It is at this place that the
+Thames first becomes navigable. (Leland's _Itinerary_, vol. ii. fo. 21, 22,
+23; vol. iv. fo. 48; Bowles's _Post Chaise Companion_, 1782, pl. 28;
+Lysons' _Berkshire_, vol. i. p. 193., and map of county prefixed;
+_Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_, vol. i. p. 320.; _Parliamentary
+Gazetteer_, art. "Lechlade.") Whether there is or ever was a fair at this
+place is more than I can state; but perhaps some of your correspondents
+dwelling in those parts can give information on this point.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, April 14. 1851.
+
+_Paring the Nails unlucky on Sundays_ (Vol. ii., p. 511.; Vol. iii, p.
+55.).--Compare Sir Thomas Browne's _Vulgar Errors_, lib. v. cap. xxi. Sec. x.
+
+ACHE.
+
+_Errata in Braithwait's Latin Drinking-song_ (Vol. iii., p. 297.).--It is
+well for us that honest Barnaby is not alive to visit upon us the
+scandalous "negligences and ignorances" with which our transcript of his
+song abounds; and it is no excuse perhaps to say, that _the errors almost
+all of them exist in the MS. from whence the transcript was made_.
+Sensitive as he has shown himself "upon the errata's," _he_ would not have
+accepted the apology from us which he makes for himself. "Good reader, if
+this impression have errors in it, excuse it. _The copy was obscure_;
+neither was the _editor_, by reason of his distance, and employments of
+higher consequence, made acquainted with the publishing of it."
+
+ "His Patavinus _erravit prelis_,
+  Authorem suis lacerando telis."
+
+The following corrections, which are necessary to the sense, have been
+pointed out, and have no doubt been already silently made by many of our
+readers.
+
+            _Sic in MS._          _forsan._
+
+  Stanza 3. hoc _te_ amoenum      hoc amoenum
+            reparare              reperire
+
+  Stanza 4. m_e_mento             m_o_mento
+            gustabi_t_            gustabi_s_
+
+  Stanza 5. solv_e_t              solv_i_t
+            pot_i_s               pot_u_s
+
+  Stanza 6. friges_t_is           friges_c_is
+
+  Stanza 8. succed_a_nt           succed_u_nt
+
+             Omit the comma between _Domum_ and
+             _feram_, and disregard the erroneous
+             punctuation generally.
+
+There may be other errors; for, as it stands at present, the song is
+inferior to the other known productions of the pleasant author of the
+ITINERARIUM. We can only hope that its publication, in even this imperfect
+form, may lead to the discovery of a better text; and we must be content if
+the lines of the author are applied to our blunders:
+
+ "Delirans iste _Sapiens Gottam_,
+  Reddit _Coetum_ propter _Cotem_."
+          ------
+ "Quid si breves fiant longi?
+  Si vocales sint dipthongi?
+  Quid si graves sint acuti?
+  Si accentus fiant muti?
+  Quid si placide, plene, plane,
+  FREGI FRONTEM PRISCIANI?
+
+  Quid si sedem muto sede?
+  Quid si carmen claudo pede?
+  Quid si noctem sensi diem?
+  Quid si veprem esse viam?
+  Sat est, Verbum declinavi,
+  Titubo--titubas--titubavi."
+
+In the last line of the extract from "Phyllis and Flora," _hinc_ is printed
+for _huic_; _inpares_, in the preceding line, is the correct reading for
+_impares_. "_Impar_ richtiger Inpar" (Scheller).
+
+S. W. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The publication of _The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge_ has just
+been completed by the issue of {342} the twelfth volume. We notice this
+useful condensation of _The Penny Cyclopaedia_ principally, however, for a
+feature which we hope to see more widely extended, namely, that of issuing
+it in a strong and handsome half-binding, at the moderate charge of one
+shilling per volume extra. The practice of publishing books in a bound form
+(more especially such books as are intended for very general circulation)
+is one which we have no doubt may be widely extended with great
+satisfaction to purchasers. It has, generally speaking, been, up to the
+present time, too closely confined to books of high price, adapted only to
+wealthy purchasers, whom the words "bound by Hayday," or "morocco extra,"
+with the necessary increase of price, charm, rather than discourage.
+
+There is perhaps no work to which, at the present moment,--when the World's
+Fair is about to commence, and we are sure to be visited by hundreds, or
+rather thousands, of our Gallic friends, with whom we shall be in daily and
+hourly conversation,--we can more appropriately call the attention of our
+readers than to the second division (_Partie Francaise-Anglaise_) of M.
+Tarver's _Dictionnaire Phraseologique Royal_, in which we can assure them
+they will find the readiest solution of all those phraseological queries
+which may arise during their intercourse with our lively neighbours. A very
+cursory examination of its pages will serve to convince the inquirer of the
+great learning and patient industry of M. Tarver; and his interest in the
+work will not be diminished by the reflection that the name of its
+accomplished author will be found in the obituary of the present week.
+
+When noticing, a few weeks since, one of Captain Knox's interesting
+volumes, we spoke of the undying popularity of White's _Selborne_. A proof
+at once of this popularity, and a means of increasing it, will be found in
+a new edition of this delightful book just issued as one of the volumes of
+_Bohn's Illustrated Library_. It is entitled to its place in this series on
+account of forty admirable woodcuts by which it is illustrated; and to a
+place on the bookshelves of every Naturalist, for the sake of the
+additional notes of Sir W. Jardine, and its present editor, Mr. Jesse.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Tuesday and
+Wednesday next an exceedingly choice Collection of Autograph Letters,
+comprising numerous Letters of extraordinary rarity, selected principally
+from Upcott's Collection. We cannot attempt to particularise the many
+interesting lots which are to be found in the present collection, but
+recommend the Catalogue to attention for the satisfactory manner in which
+the different documents are arranged and described.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular (No. XXVIII.) of Books in all Languages; W. Pedder's
+(18. Holywell Street) Catalogue Part II. for 1851, of Books Ancient and
+Modern; R. Saywell's (138. High Holborn) Select Catalogue Part XXI. of
+Books in Theology, Classics, and General Literature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE
+
+BREVARIUM ROMANUM. Pars Verna. Antverpiae. Ex Typ. Plantinianae. 1700 or
+1714.
+
+NEW ENGLAND JUDGED NOT BY MAN'S, BUT THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD: AND THE SUMME
+SEALED UP OF NEW ENGLAND'S PERSECUTIONS. By GEORGE BISHOPE. Quarto, 1661.
+Wanted from page 150 to the end.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+J. S. S. (Leicester). THE CHAUCER MONUMENT. _It will require about 100l. to
+make a complete restoration. Not one-half that amount has yet been
+subscribed._
+
+X. Y. Z. _The custom of_ "Swearing on the Horns at Highgate" _is very ably
+treated by Hone_, Every-Day Book, vol. ii. p. 79 _et seq. It probably arose
+from the graziers who put up at the Gate-house on their way to Smithfield,
+and were accustomed, as a means of keeping strangers out of their company,
+to bring an ox to the door as a test: those who did not like to be sworn of
+their fraternity, and kiss its horns, not being deemed fit members of their
+society._
+
+W. R. M. _Will this correspondent favour us with another copy of his
+Queries, which were received and intended for insertion, but have
+apparently been omitted by some accident?_
+
+A. W. H. _Our correspondent will find that his Query had been anticipated
+in_ Vol. i., p. 336. _Its appearance then brought it a mass of Replies,
+mostly of a very unsatisfactory kind. We delayed repeating the Query until
+we could find leisure to condense those replies, so as to prevent our
+correspondents furnishing us with information already in our possession. We
+hope to do this next week._
+
+SING. _Bryan Waller Procter, Esq., one of the Commissioners of Lunacy._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Nettle in--San Graal--Duchess of Buckingham--Newburgh
+Hamilton--Ex Pede Herculeum--Knebsend--Derivation of Yankee--Passage in
+Virgil--Bacon and Fagan--Solid-hoofed Pigs--Under the Rose--Stick at
+Nothing--Ejusdem Farinae--Meaning of Rack--Meaning of Tye--The
+Tanthony--Dog's Head in the Pot--Baron Munchausen--Shakspeare's
+Seamanship--Criston--Bigod de Loges--God's Acre--Joseph Nicolson--Britt.
+Rex--Tradescant--Moore's Almanack--The Mistletoe--St John's Bridge
+Fair--Curious Fact in Natural History--Pursuits of Literature--Burton's
+Birthplace--Engelbert of Treves--God takes those soonest--Tandem D. O. M.
+&c.--Bartolomeo's Pictures--Herstmonceaux, &c._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LITERARY AGENCY.--MR. F. G. TOMLINS (Secretary to the Shakspeare Society,
+Author of a Brief View of the English Drama; a Variorum History of England;
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+make it known that a Twenty Years' experience with the Press and
+Literature, as Author and Publisher, enables him to give advice and
+information to Authors, Publishers, and Persons wishing to communicate with
+the Public, either as to the Editing, Advertising, or Authorship of Books,
+Pamphlets, or Literary productions of any kind. Opinions obtained on
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+
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+
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+| Policy. |          |                      | annually.           |
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c."
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+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+BOOKS.--JUST PUBLISHED, A CATALOGUE of Three Thousand Volumes of RARE and
+CURIOUS BOOKS, containing Works on America, the Occult Sciences, Books of
+Prints, Fine Arts, Free-Masonry, Jest-Books and Drolleries, Hawking,
+Language, Popery, Proverbs, Facetiae and Miscellaneous Literature,--may be
+had on application, or by forwarding four penny stamps to G. BUMSTEAD, 205.
+High Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Highly Important Autograph Letters.--Two Days' Sale.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, April 29, and
+following Day, a very important Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, the
+Property of a Gentleman. The Collection includes an unusually complete
+series of English Royal Autographs, many being important Letters, from the
+time of Henry VII.; also Letters of Contemporary Foreign Sovereigns, with
+numerous rare and interesting Letters in other Classes. The whole in the
+finest preservation. Catalogues will be sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day is published,
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL CATALOGUE, comprising all the principal editions of the
+Greek and Latin Classics. Translations and Commentaries, with prices
+annexed; royal 8vo. half morocco, price 2s. 6d.--Allowed to Purchasers.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONDON PICTORIALLY and HISTORICALLY DESCRIBED. Edited by CHARLES KNIGHT. 6
+vols. in 3, royal 8vo. with upwards of one thousand engravings on wood,
+cloth gilt, 1l. 16s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bohn's Scientific Library for May.
+
+HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS; or Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe.
+Translated by E. C. OTTE. Vol. 3, with an Index. Price 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bohn's Classical Library for May.
+
+PLATO'S WORKS, translated by GEO. BURGESS, M.A. Vol. 4, containing
+Philebus, Charmides, Laches, The Two Alcibiades, and Ten other Dialogues.
+Price 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
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+
+NEANDER'S FIRST PLANTING OF CHRISTIANITY. Translated by RYLAND. Post 8vo.
+Price 3s. 6d.
+
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+
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+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary
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+
+THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's Tavern, Great
+Queen Street, on Friday the 2nd of May, at Four o'Clock precisely; the LORD
+BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.
+
+WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.
+
+The following are the Publications of the Society for the year 1850-1.
+
+I. A SELECTION FROM THE WILLS Preserved in the Will Office at Bury St.
+Edmund's. Edited by SAMUEL TYMMS, Esq.
+
+II. WALTER MAPES "DE NUGIS CURIALIUM." A Treatise on the Political Affairs
+of his Time, written in 1181. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., M.A.
+
+III. SIR RICHARD GUYLFORDE'S PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND, A. D. 1506.
+Edited from a copy believed to be unique from the Press of Richard Pynson,
+by SIR HENRY ELLIS, K.H., Sec. S. A.
+
+The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due on the
+1st of May.
+
+Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed
+to the Secretary; or to Messrs. NICHOLS, No. 25. Parliament Street,
+Westminster, by whom the Subscriptions of all Members resident in London
+are received.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK BUYERS.--No. XIV. of T. D. THOMSON'S CATALOGUE of MISCELLANEOUS
+SECOND-HAND BOOKS, marked at very low Prices, is just published, and may be
+had Gratis and Postage Free.
+
+13. Upper King Street, Russell Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{344}
+
+BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED
+
+BY JOHN HENRY PARKER,
+
+OXFORD; and 377. STRAND, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PAROCHIAL WORK. By the Rev. E. MONRO, M.A., Incumbent of Harrow Weald,
+Stanmore. A Second Edition of this valuable Work is nearly ready, and will,
+it is expected, be published in April.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SERMONS CHIEFLY ON THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MINISTERIAL OFFICE. By the
+Rev. E. MONRO. 8vo. 7s.
+
+Intended as a Companion to the above.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POETAE SCENICI GRAECI. AEschyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis, et Aristophanis Fabulae
+superstites et perditarum fragmenta. Editio secunda, ex nova recognitione
+GUIL. DINDORFII. Royal 8vo. cloth, 1l. 1s.; or bound by Hayday in calf
+extra for school prizes, 1l. 10s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE of the Middle Ages, with numerous Engravings from
+existing Remains, and Historical Illustrations from contemporary
+Manuscripts. By T. HUDSON TURNER, Esq. From the Conquest to the 13th
+Century. 1 Vol. 8vo. In a few days.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. PUSEY'S DEFENCE OF HIS OWN PRINCIPLES: A Letter to the Right Hon. and
+Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London in Explanation of some Statements
+contained in a Letter by the Rev. W. Dodsworth. Fifth and Cheaper Edition.
+18mo. pp. 196., 1s., or bound in cloth, 1s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. PUSEY'S REPLY TO SOME REMARKS OF MR. DODSWORTH'S ON THE ABOVE LETTER,
+8vo. 1s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts of the
+Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names; or whose Images are most
+frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Mediaeval Symbols;
+and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Foolscap 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HYMNI ECCLESIAE e BREVIARIIS quibusdam et MISSALIBUS GALLICANIS, GERMANICIS,
+HISPANIS desumpti. Collegit et recensuit JOANNES M. NEALE, A.M., Collegii
+Sackvillensis custos. 18mo. 5s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC
+ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations,
+drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo., cloth, gilt
+tops. 2l. 8s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I.
+
+THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, from the Commencement of the French Revolution to
+the Battle of Waterloo. By ARCHIBALD ALISON, LL.D. Seventh Edition, in 20
+Vols. Crown Octavo, with a Copious INDEX, in cloth, price 6l.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+II.
+
+A LIBRARY EDITION, handsomely printed on superfine paper, in Demy Octavo,
+to range with the Standard Editions of the English Historians, in 14 Vols.
+including a Copious INDEX, and embellished with Portraits. Price 10l. 10s.
+
+A limited number are printed on thick paper, in Royal Octavo, with Proof
+Impressions of the Portraits, price 21l.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+III.
+
+ATLAS TO THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, Comprising 109 Maps and Plans of Countries,
+Sieges, and Battles, illustrative of ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE and of
+other Contemporary Histories; constructed and engraved by A. KEITH
+JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., Author of the "Physical Atlas," and of the "National
+Atlas." A New Edition.
+
+In CROWN QUARTO, uniform with the SEVENTH EDITION of Alison's History,
+bound in cloth, 2l. 12s. 6d. In DEMY QUARTO, to range with the "LIBRARY
+EDITION" and Early Editions of Alison's History in Demy Octavo, bound in
+cloth, 3l. 3s. In ROYAL QUARTO, to accompany the ROYAL OCTAVO "LIBRARY
+EDITION" of Alison's History, 4l. 4s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+IV.
+
+EPITOME OF ALISON'S EUROPE. For the Use of Schools and Young Persons. In
+One Volume, Post Octavo, price 7s. 6d. bound in cloth. ATLAS to the above,
+7s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+By the same Author.
+
+I.
+
+ESSAYS, POLITICAL, HISTORICAL, and MISCELLANEOUS. In Three Vols. Demy
+Octavo, uniform with the "Library Edition" of Alison's Europe. Price 2l.
+5s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+II.
+
+MILITARY LIFE of JOHN, DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. In Octavo, with Maps and Plans
+of Battles. Price 18s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+III.
+
+THE PRINCIPLES OF POPULATION, and their Connection with Human Happiness.
+Two Vols. Octavo, 30s.
+
+WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, Edinburgh and London. Sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 26. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 336, "From the Common Gaol in Burkdou" - original reads 'Burkdon',
+this corrected by the errata in issue 80 which adds that Burkdou is
+Bourdeaux.
+
+page 341, "Authorem suis lacerando telis." - original reads 'laurando',
+this corrected by the errata in issue 80.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 78, April
+26, 1851, by Various
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