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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/26896-8.txt b/26896-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33d9fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/26896-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3366 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 76, April 12, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 76, April 12, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26896] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{273} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 76.] +SATURDAY, APRIL 12. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Could Shakespeare have designated Cleopatra "Yond + ribald-rid Nag of Egypt?" by S. W. Singer 273 + Browne's Britannia's Pastorals, by C. Forbes 274 + Minor Notes:--"In the Sweat of thy Brow"--Anecdote + of Old Times--Foreign English--Britannicus + --Honeymoon--Fees at Westminster Abbey--Turning + the Tables 275 + + QUERIES: + Authors of the Rolliad--Pursuits of Literature, by Dawson + Turner 276 + Account of a large ancient Wood-engraving 277 + Minor Queries:--Viaggi di Enrico Wanton--Gloucester + Alarm--Where is Criston, co. Somerset?-- + "There was a Maid of Westmoreland"--Anthony + Bridges--Barlaam and Josaphat--"Stick At Nothing" + --"Ejusdem Farinę"--Batail--The Knights of Malta + --General Pardons--"Too wise to err" 277 + + REPLIES:-- + Thomas May 279 + Duchess of Buckingham 280 + San Grail 281 + The Frozen Horn 282 + Bab at the Bowster 282 + Oliver Cromwell and his Dealings with the Devil 282 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Gig Hill--Epigram against + Burke--Engraved Portrait--Salgado's Slaughter-house + --Mathew's Mediterranean Passage--The Mitre and + the "Cloven Tongues"--Slums--"God's Acre"-- + Wages in the last Century--Tradesmen's Signs-- + Standfast's Cordial Comforts, &c.--St. Pancras-- + Lines on Woman's Will--Scandal against Queen + Elizabeth--Coggeshall Job--Whale caught at Greenwich + before the Death of Cromwell--Fronte Capillatā, + &c.--John Sanderson, or the Cushion-dance--George + Steevens and William Stevens--Tradescant--Origin + of Harlequins--"Predeceased" and "Designed"-- + "Quadrijugis invectus equis," &c.--St. John's Bridge + Fair--Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe--Lord + Howard of Effingham--Separation of the Sexes in + Church--Vox Populi Vox Dei--Mazer Wood--Traditions + from remote Periods through few Hands-- + Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli--"Harry + Parry, when will you marry?"--Visions of Hell-- + "Laus tua non tua Fraus," &c.--Passage from Cymbeline + --Engraved Warming-pans--Symbolism of the + Fir-cone--Dr. Robert Thomlinson--Touching for + the Evil--Drax Free School, &c. 283 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 293 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 293 + Notices to Correspondents 294 + Advertisements 294 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +COULD SHAKESPEARE HAVE DESIGNATED CLEOPATRA "YOND RIBALD-RID NAG OF EGYPT?" + +To judge of this question fairly, it will be necessary to cite the passage +in which it occurs, as it stands in the folio, Act III. Sc. 8., somewhat at +large. + + "_Eno._ Naught, naught, all naught! I can behold no longer; + Th' Antoniad, the Egyptian admiral, + With all their sixty, fly, and turn the rudder; + To see't, mine eyes are blasted. + + _Enter_ SCARUS. + + _Scar._ Gods and goddesses, all the whole synod of them! + + _Eno._ What's the passion? + + _Scar._ The greater cantle of the world is lost + With very ignorance; we have kiss'd away + Kingdoms and provinces. + + _Eno._ How appears the fight? + + _Scar._ On our side like the token'd pestilence, + Where death is sure. Yond _ribaudred Nagge_ of Egypt, + Whom leprosy o'ertake, i' the midst o' the fight + When vantage like a pair of twins appear'd, + Both as the same, or rather ours the elder, + The Breeze upon her, like a cow in June, + Hoists sail and flies. + + _Eno._ That I beheld: + Mine eyes did sicken at the sight, and could not + Endure a further view. + + _Scar._ She once being loof'd, + The noble ruin of her magick, Antony, + Claps on his sea-wing, and, like a doting mallard, + Leaving the fight in height, flies after her; + I never saw an action of such shame; + Experience, manhood, honour, ne'er before + Did violate so itself. + + _Eno._ Alack, alack!" + +The notes in the variorum edition begin by one from Johnson, in which he +says: + + "The word is in the old edition _ribaudred_, which I do not understand, + but mention it in hopes that others may raise some happy conjecture." + +Then Steevens, after having told us that a _ribald_ is a _lewd fellow_, +says: + + "_Ribaudred_, the old reading, is I believe no more than a corruption. + Shakspeare, who is not always very nice about his versification, might + have written, + + 'Yon _ribald-rid_ nag of Egypt'-- + + _i.e._ Yon strumpet, who is common to every wanton fellow." + +Malone approves Steevens's _ribald-rid_, but adds, + + "By _ribald_, Scarus, I think, means the lewd Antony in particular, not + _every_ lewd fellow." + +{274} + +Tyrwhitt saw the necessity of reading _hag_ instead of _nag_, and says what +follows seems to prove it: + + "She once being loof'd, + The noble ruin of her magick, Antony, + Claps on his sea-wing." + +It is obvious that the poet would not have made Scarus speak of Antony as +the noble ruin of Cleopatra's magick, and of his manhood and honour, and in +the same breath designate him as a ribald. He would be much more likely to +apply the epithet _lewd hag_ to such an enchantress as Cleopatra, than that +of _ribald-rid nag_, which I feel convinced never entered the imagination +of the poet. + +Imperfect acquaintance with our older language has been too frequently the +weak point of the commentators; and we see here our eminent lexicographer +confessing his ignorance of a word which the dictionaries of the poet's age +would have enabled him readily to explain. For although we have not the +participle _ribaudred_, which may be peculiar to the poet, in Baret's +_Alvearie_ we find "_Ribaudrie_, vilanie in actes or wordes, filthiness, +uncleanness"--"A _ribaudrous_ and filthie tongue, os obscoenum et +impudicum:" in Minsheu, _ribaudrie_ and _ribauldrie_, which is the +prevailing orthography of the word, and indicates its sound and derivation +from the French, rather than from the Italian _ribalderia_. + +That _nagge_ is a misprint for _hagge_, will be evident from the +circumstance, that in the first folio we have a similar error in the _Merry +Wives of Windsor_, Act IV. Sc. 2., where instead of "you witch, you +_hagge_," it is misprinted "you witch, you _ragge_." It is observable that +_hagge_ is the form in which the word is most frequently found in the +folios, and it is the epithet the poet applies to a witch or enchantress. + +I cannot, therefore, but consider the alteration of the text by Steevens as +one of the most violent and uncalled-for innovations of which he has been +guilty; and he himself seems to have had his misgivings, for his +observation that Shakspeare "is not always very nice about his +versification" was meant as an apology for marring its harmony by the +substitution of _ribald-rid_ for the poet's own _ribaudred_. + +It is to me a matter of surprise that Mr. Collier and Mr. Knight, in their +laudable zeal for adherence as closely as possible to the old copies, +should not have perceived the injury done both to the sense and harmony of +the passage by this unwarrantable substitution. + +S. W. SINGER. + + * * * * * + +BROWNE'S BRITANNIA'S PASTORALS. + +I have lately been amusing myself by reading the small volume with this +title published in Clarke's _Cabinet Series_, 1845. + +Among the many pleasing passages that I met with in its pages, _two_ in +particular struck me as being remarkable for their beauty; but I find that +neither of them is cited by either Ellis or Campbell. (See Ellis, +_Specimens of the Early English Poets_, 4th edition, corrected, 1811; and +the Campbell, _Specimens of the British Poets_, 1819.) + +Indeed Campbell says of Browne: + + "His poetry is not without beauty; but it is the beauty of mere + landscape and allegory, without the manners and passions that + constitute human interest."--Vol. iii. p. 323. + +Qualified by some such expression as--_too often--generally--in almost +every instance_,--the last clause might have passed,--standing as it does, +it appears to me to give anything but a fair idea of the poetry of the +_Pastorals_. My two favourites are the "Description of Night"-- + + "Now great Hyperion left his golden throne," &c., + +(consisting of twenty-six lines)--book ii. song 1. (Clarke, p. 186.) and +the "Lament of the Little Shepherd for his friend Philocel"-- + + "With that the little shepherd left his task," &c., + +(forty-four lines)--book ii. song 4. (Clarke, p. 278.) + +If you will allow me to quote a short extract from each passage, it may +enable the reader to see how far I am justified in protesting against +Campbell's criticism; and I will then try to support the pretensions of the +last, by showing that much of the very same imagery that it contains is to +be found in other writings of acknowledged merit:-- + + I. FROM THE "DESCRIPTION OF NIGHT." + + "And as Night's chariot through the air was driven, + Clamour grew dumb, unheard was shepherd's song, + And silence girt the woods: no warbling tongue + Talk'd to the echo; satyrs broke their dance, + And all the upper world lay in a trance. + Only the curlėd streams soft chidings kept, + And little gales that from the green leaf swept + Dry summer's dust, in fearful whisp'rings stirr'd, + As loath to waken any singing bird." + + II. FROM THE "LAMENT OF THE LITTLE SHEPHERD." + + "See! yonder hill where he was wont to sit, + A cloud doth keep the golden sun from it, + And for his seat, (as teaching us) hath made + A mourning covering with a scowling shade. + The dew in every flower, this morn, hath lain, + Longer than it was wont, this side the plain, + Belike they mean, since my best friend must die, + To shed their silver drops as he goes by. + Not all this day here, nor in coming hither, + Heard I the sweet birds tune their songs together, + Except one nightingale in yonder dell + Sigh'd a sad elegy for Philocel. + Near whom a wood-dove kept no small ado, + To bid me, in her language, '_Do so too_'-- + The wether's bell, that leads our flock around, + Yields, as methinks, this day a deader sound. + {275} + The little sparrows which in hedges creep, + Ere I was up did seem to bid me weep. + If these do so, can I have feeling less, + That am more apt to take and to express? + No--let my own tunes be the mandrake's groan, + If now they tend to mirth when all have none." + +Both these passages may have been quoted by some of Campbell's +predecessors. This might justify him in not repeating them, but _not_ in +writing the criticism to which I have ventured to object. His work holds a +high rank in English literature--it is taken as a text-book by _the +generality of readers_; for which reasons I think that every dictum it lays +down ought to be examined with more than usual care and attention. + +Compare with different parts of the "Lament:" + + "And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, + Dewy with nature's tear drops, as they pass, + Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, + Over the unreturning brave,--alas! + Ere evening to be trodden like the grass," &c.--_Childe Harold_, Canto + iii. St. 27. + + "The morning of the day on which the farmer was to be buried, was + rendered remarkable by the uncommon denseness of an autumnal fog. To + Mrs. Mason's eye, it threw a gloom over the face of nature; nor, when + it gradually yielded to the influence of the sun, and slowly retiring + from the valley, hung, as if rolled into masses, mid-way upon the + mountains, did the changes thus produced excite any admiration. Still, + wherever she looked, all seemed to wear the aspect of sadness. As she + passed from Morrison's to the house of mourning, the shocks of yellow + corn, spangled with dewdrops, appeared to her to stand as mementos of + the vanity of human hopes, and the inutility of human labours. The + cattle, as they went forth to pasture, lowing as they went, seemed as + if lamenting that the hand which fed them was at rest; and even the + Robin-red-breast, whose cheerful notes she had so often listened to + with pleasure, now seemed to send forth a song of sorrow, expressive of + dejection and woe."--Miss Hamilton's _Cottagers of Glenburnie_, chap. + xii. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +"_In the Sweat of thy Brow_" (Vol. ii., p. 374.).--To the scriptural +misquotation referred to, you may add another: + + "In the sweat of thy _brow_ shalt thou eat bread." + +The true text reads,-- + + "In the sweat of thy _face_ shalt thou eat bread."--Gen. iii. 19. + +The misquotation is so common, that a reference to a concordance is +necessary for proving to many persons that it is not a scripture phrase. + +J. GALLATLY. + + [In the Wickliffite Bible lately published by the University of Oxford, + the words are, "swoot of thi cheer _or face_," and in some MSS. "cheer + _ether bodi_."] + +_Anecdotes of Old Times_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--A friend of mine has +furnished me with the following particulars, which may, perhaps, be +interesting to A. A. + +When the aunt of my friend married and began housekeeping, there were only +two tea-kettles besides her own in the town of Knighton, Radnorshire. The +clergyman of the parish forbad the use of tea in his family; but his sister +kept a small tea service in the drawer of the table by which she sat at +work in the afternoon, and secretly made herself a cup of tea at four +o'clock, gently closing the drawer if she heard her brother approach. This +clergyman's daughter died, at an advanced age, in 1850. + +My friend's mother (who was born a year or two before the battle of +Culloden), having occasion to visit London while living at Ludlow, went by +the waggon, at that time the only public conveyance on that road. A friend +of her's wished to place her daughter at a school in Worcester, and as she +kept no carriage, and was unable to ride on horseback, then the usual mode +of travelling, she _walked_ from her residence in Knighton to Ludlow, and +thence to Worcester, accompanied by her daughter, who rode at a gentle pace +beside her. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Foreign English._--The following handbill is a specimen of German English, +and is stuck up among other notices in the inn at Rastadt: + + "ADVICE OF AN HOTEL. + + "The underwritten has the honour of informing the public that he has + made the acquisition of the hotel to the Savage, well situated in the + middle of this city. He shall endeavour to do all duties which + gentlemen travellers can justly expect; and invites them to please to + convince themselves of it by their kind lodgings at his house. + + BASIL JR. SINGISEM. + + Before the tenant of the Hotel to the Stork in this city." + +BLOWEN. + +_Britannicus._--I gather the following anecdote from the chapter "Paper +Wars of the Civil Wars" in Disraeli's _Quarrels of Authors_. Sir John +(Birkenhead) is the representative of the _Mercurius Aulicus_, the Court +Gazette; Needham, of a Parliamentary _Diurnal_. + + "Sir John never condescends formally to reply to Needham, for which he + gives this singular reason: 'As for this libeller, we are still + resolved to take no notice, till we find him able to spell his own + name, which to this hour BRITANNICUS never did.' In the next number of + Needham, who had always written it _Brittanicus_, the correction was + silently adopted." + +A similar error occurs on the shilling and six-penny pieces of George III., +circa 1817 (those {276} most frequently met with in the present +circulation), whilst the cotemporary crowns and half-crowns have the +correct orthography. + +R. W. C. + +_Honeymoon._--Among my memoranda I find that, on January 31, 1845, an +accomplished Welsh lady said to me, that the common expression "Honeymoon" +was "probably derived from the old practice in Wales of drinking +_methčglin_ for thirty days after the marriage of a bride and bridegroom. A +_methčglin_ jollification for thirty days among the relatives and friends +of the newly married pair." The _methčglin_ is a fermented liquor, of some +potency, made from honey. The lady asked me, at the same time, if _honey_ +was used by the ancient Greeks or Romans in the preparation of a fermented +liquor. I said that I recollected no such use of honey among them, but that +the ancient Greeks seemed to have brewed a _beer_ of some kind from barley +or other grain, as allusion was made to it by Aristophanes. Perhaps this +notice of the "honeymoon" may draw forth some information from your +correspondents who are learned in "folk lore." In the Old Testament there +are many passages alluding to the use of honey, but none of them appear to +indicate its having been employed in making a fermented beverage. Lucretius +alludes to the practice of enticing children to swallow disagreeable +medicine by anointing the edge of the cup with honey. + +G. F. G. + +Edinburgh. + +_Fees at Westminster Abbey._--The custom of taking fees at Westminster +Abbey is of very ancient date, and was always unpopular. Shirley alludes to +it in his pleasant comedy called _The Bird in a Cage_, when Bonomico, a +mountebank, observes-- + + "I talk as glib, + Methinks, as he that _farms the monuments_." + +The dean and chapter, however, in those days were more moderate in their +demands, for the price of admission was but one penny to the whole. + + "This grant was made to the chapter in 1597, on condition that, + receiving the benefit of the exhibition of the monuments, they should + keep the same monuments always clean," &c.--See _Reply from the Dean + and Chapter to an Order of the House of Commons_, 1827. + +BLOWEN. + +_Turning the Tables._--In Bingley's _Useful Knowledge_, under the head of +MAPLE, I chanced to hit upon the following the other day: + + "By the Romans maple wood, when knotted and veined, was highly prized + for furniture. When boards large enough for constructing tables were + found, the extravagance of purchasers was incredible: to such an extent + was it carried, that when a Roman accused his wife of expending his + money on pearls, jewels, or similar costly trifles, she used to retort, + and turn the tables on her husband. Hence our expression of 'turning + the tables.'" + +Can any of your kind contributors supply a better derivation? + +[Omega]. [Phi]. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD--PURSUITS OF LITERATURE. + +I cannot doubt but that many of your readers feel with me under great +obligations to your very able and obliging correspondents, LORD BRAYBROOKE +and MR. MARKLAND, for the information afforded us upon the subject of the +writers of the Rolliad. And, though not many of them are, probably, +sufficiently old to remember as I do--if not the actual publication of that +work, yet, at least, the excitement produced by its appearance--I apprehend +that the greater number are aware that it really did produce a great +sensation; and that, as with the _Letters of Junius_ before it, and the +_Pursuits of Literature_ subsequently, public curiosity for a long time +busied itself in every direction to detect the able and daring authors. +With this impression, I have been not a little surprised to find, since the +notice of the work in your pages, that I have failed in tracing any account +of it in the two books to which I naturally turned, the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ and Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes_. Very thankful therefore should +I be if any of our correspondents would direct my inquiries to a better +channel, and particularly if they would guide me to information respecting +the authors,--for here I am completely at fault. I allude more especially +to Richardson, Tickell, and General Fitzpatrick; who, I doubt not, were men +of such notoriety and standing in their day, that "not to know them, argues +myself unknown." And yet, humiliating as is this acknowledgment, it is far +better to make it than to remain in ignorance; for the case can surely not +be one "where ignorance is bliss," and where, consequently, "'tis folly to +be wise." + +I need hardly beg it to be understood, that, in grouping together the +_Rolliad_, the _Pursuits of Literature_, and _Junius' Letters_, I by no +means intended to place them upon an equality; and here I may inform your +correspondent S. T. D. (what a pity that you do not require every one to +give his name at length!) that the fact of Mr. Matthias being the author of +the second of these works was scarcely made a secret by his family after he +went to Italy. Indeed, for some time previously, it was well known to +myself from what passed at this house, where he was a frequent visitor, and +where I should at any time be happy to give S. T. D. ocular demonstration +of it, by the production of the letters addressed to the {277} "Anonymous +Author of the _Pursuits of Literature_," accompanied in some cases with his +own answers. + +DAWSON TURNER. + +Yarmouth, April 1. 1851. + + * * * * * + +ACCOUNT OF A LARGE ANCIENT WOOD-ENGRAVING. + +Perhaps some of your readers may be able to give me information regarding a +large and very elaborate woodcut, which has been many years in my +possession, and obviously has been used as the fly-leaf of some folio +volume, though, of course not originally intended for such a purpose. It is +so complicated, that I fear I shall have some difficulty in explaining it, +and my explanation may require more space than you may be willing to afford +me. You can, however, insert my Query at any time when you have room to +spare. + +The size of the engraving, is 16 inches by 13, and it is divided into two +large oblong circles, and a centre; a story being carried on, clearly +allegorically, from the outer circle to the second, and from the second to +the centre. I will speak of each, beginning with the outer, which is +entered by a portico, consisting of two columns and a round arch; on the +base of one of the columns is a monogran of the artist or of the engraver, +formed of the letters R. D. Under the arch is seated a lady richly attired, +who holds a large cup and cover in her left hand, and around her are +fourteen naked children, to one of which she seems tendering the chalice; +while a bearded old man, with a scroll, is directing attention to what is +going on in the outer circle. Passing under this portico we see, +immediately behind it, six ladies, three religious and three secular; while +to the right of the three secular ladies is a naked, winged female figure, +with her foot on a sphere, a large goblet in her right hand, and some +objects that look like fetters in her left hand. To the right of this +figure are many others of both sexes, but nearer the spectator, some +tranquil and some in despair; while, within a sort of pavilion, we see a +young lady and an old gentleman banquetting, and in another compartment in +bed. Still farther to the right of the winged figure are persons who appear +to be escaping from torments, while a young man in rags is making his way +towards a person in a religious habit, who has a scourge in his hand; +behind these are two persons under a miserable thatched shed, while a lady +is pointing out to a young man what is to be observed in the second circle. + +This division is entered by another gate consisting of two square +ornamental columns supporting a low gable, beneath which a lady, with a +cross on the cape of her dress, is receiving a young man. The persons in +this circle are very variously employed: on the right of the spectator are +rocks with one man climbing up them, and another fallen headlong: on the +left are five persons, male and female, engaged in singing and playing, and +near them two men performing military music on a drum and fife; to their +right are groups of philosophers and men of science with spheres, +astrolabes, books, compasses, &c., and one wearing a laurel crown with a +scroll in his hand, probably a poet. + +We then come to the centre, or inner circle, which is entered by a wooden +gate of the simplest construction, and under it is a religious lady with a +young erect female on her right hand, and a supplicating male, in tattered +garments, on her left. Beyond these are six females, variously clad, some +with flowing hair, some in close caps, and others with _nebulę_ round their +heads. A little to the right of these is a throned lady, with a crown of +peculiar construction on her head, and a sceptre in her hand, before whom +kneels a female figure, upon whose brows the throned lady is about to place +a coronet. Behind the throne is what appears to be a conventual building of +rather singular appearance, with round, square, and octagon towers, and +surrounded by a battlemented wall. Considerably to the right of the throned +lady is a figure clearly intended for some booted king wearing a crown and +a collar of esses: on one side of him is a severe looking dame, fully clad +and with flowing hair; and on the other a younger lady, also with flowing +hair, and with her bosom bare. + +Such is the woodcut regarding which I request some intelligence from your +readers, as I have shown it to several persons, who I thought could +enlighten me, but who could afford me no satisfaction. I suspect, from the +costumes and the edificies, that it is German; and I ought to have +mentioned that each circle is separated from the others by a low stone wall +running all around, and that trees, hills, and fountains are not sparingly +introduced. In the whole, it includes nearly a hundred figures of men, +women, and children. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Viaggi di Enrico Wanton._--A fiction, upon the same plan as _Gulliver's +Travels_, describing the visit of two Europeans to communities of monkeys +and cynocephali, and written by a Venetian named Zaccaria Seriman, was +printed at Venice in 1749, and again in 1764. A third citation, with the +title-page _Delli Viaggi de Enrico Wanton alle Terre Australi, nuova +Edizione_, was printed in London in 1772, "presso Tommaso Brewman +Stampatore in Wych Street, Temple Bar," in 4 vols. 8vo. This edition is +dedicated to George III. by "L'umilissimo e fedelissimo suddito, Enrico +Wanton." Can any of your correspondents explain how this work {278} (which +is of no great literary merit) came to be reprinted in England, and +dedicated to the king? + +A notice of Seriman's life may be found in the _Biographie Universelle_. + +L. + +_Gloucester Alarm._--In the archives of Lyme Regis is this entry: + + "_Town Accompt Book._ + + "1661. For the four soldiers and drummers for service on the Gloucester + alarm and candles, 10s. 0d." + +What was the "Gloucester alarm?" + +G. R. + +_Where is Criston, County Somerset?_--Mr. Vaughan, a young man who was to +have joined the Duke of Monmouth, was of that house or place. + +G. R. + +"_There was a Maid of Westmoreland._"--"Some fifty summers past," I was in +the habit of hearing sung a simple ballad, which commenced-- + + "There was a maid of Westmoreland, + Who built her house upon the sand:" + +and the conclusion of which was, that, however desolate and exposed a +situation that might be for her dwelling, it was better than in "the haunts +of men." This was said to have been written by the late Mr. Thomas +Sheridan. I never heard by whom the music to it, which was very pretty, was +composed; nor whether or not it was published. + +Can any of your correspondents supply the words of this old ballad, and +state the name of the composer of the music to it? Also whether it was +published, and, if so, by whom? + +E. H. + +_Anthony Bridges._--In the Hampshire Visitation of 1622, Harl. MS. 1544. +fo. 25., appears the marriage of Barbara, second daughter of Sir Richard +Pexsall, of Beaurepaire, in co. Southampton, by Ellinor his wife, daughter +of William Pawlett, Marquis of Winchester, to "Anthony Bridges." That Sir +Richard Pexsall died in 1571, is the only clue I have to the date of the +match. + +Query, Who was this Anthony Bridges, and did he leave issue? + +Is it possible that this is the identical Anthony, third surviving son of +Sir John Bridges, first Baron Chandos of Sudeley, respecting whose fate +there is so much uncertainty? He is presumed to have married a daughter of +Fortescue of Essex, but the collateral evidence on which the supposition is +founded is too slight to be satisfactory. Little is known but that he was +born before 1532; that he was living in 1584 (in which year he was +presented to the living of Meysey Hampton in Gloucestershire, the county in +which he resided); and that he had a son Robert, upon a presumed descent +from whom the late Sir Egerton Brydges founded his well-known claim to the +barony of Chandos of Sudeley. + +O. C. + +_Barlaam and Josaphat_ (Vol. iii., p. 135.).--I was much interested in MR. +STEPHENS' remarks on the Rev. W. Adams's beautiful allegory, and would be +glad to know from him, or some other of your learned correspondents, _what +English translations there are_ of this "spiritual romance in Greek;" where +I may find an account or notice of the work, or get a copy of it. + +JARLTZBERG. + +"_Stick at Nothing._"--The expression "stop at nothing" occurs in the +following couplet in Dryden's _Aurengzebe_: + + "The world is made for the bold impious man, + Who _stops at nothing_, seizes all he can." + +And Pope, in one of his letters, has the expression "stick at nothing," +where he says: + + "The three chief qualifications of party-writers are, to _stick at + nothing_, to delight in flinging dirt, and to slander in the dark by + guess." + +Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of the word "stick" in +the sense in which it is used by Pope; and how it came to supplant +altogether the more intelligible word "stop," as employed by Dryden? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia, January, 1851. + +"_Ejusdem Farinę._"--Your readers are acquainted with the expression +"ejusdem farinę," and the derogatory sense in which it is employed to +describe things or characters of the same calibre. It was in common use +among clerical disputants after the Reformation; and Leland has it in the +following remarks respecting certain fabulous interpolations in the _Black +Book_ at Cambridge: + + "Centum sunt ibi, pręterea, ejusdem farinę fabulę." + +I have no doubt, however, that the origin of the expression may be traced +to the scholastic doctors and casuists of the Middle Ages. + +Will any of your correspondents be good enough to explain the circumstances +which gave rise to the adoption of "farina" as a term expressive of +baseness and disparagement? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia, January, 1851. + +_Batail._--Favine, in his _Theatre of Honour_ (b. ii. c. 13), in speaking +of a bell at Menda, says of the clapper of a bell, that "it is a _Bataill_ +in Armes." Was this word ever introduced into English heraldry? The only +instances of bells in English arms that I can discover in the books to +which I have access at present are in the coats of Bell, Porter, Osney, and +Richbell. + +H. N. E. + +_The Knights of Malta._--On the stone corbels which support the roof of one +of the aisles of a church in my neighbourhood, there are carved the +armorial badges of persons who are supposed to have contributed to the +building of the church, which was erected in the thirteenth century. On one +of the corbels (the nearest to the altar, and therefore in the most +honourable place) there is a lamb bearing a flag. The lamb has a nimbus +{279} round its head, and the staff of the flag terminates in a cross like +the head of a processional cross. The device, I have reason to think, was +the badge of the knights of the order of Saint John of Jerusalem, who had a +preceptory in this neighbourhood during the thirteenth century. In the +history of these knights, first of Jerusalem, then of Rhodes, and +afterwards of Malta, I find it stated, that in the year 1130 Pope Innocent +II. commanded that the standard of the knights (at that time settled at +Jerusalem) should be "gules, a full cross argent." + +Will any of your correspondents be so kind as to inform me if the device on +the corbel was the badge of the knights of the order of St. John of +Jerusalem? and if so, at what time they first assumed it? + +S. S. S. + +_General Pardons._--Has any example of a general pardon under the great +seal been ever printed at length? particularly any of those granted after +the restoration of Charles II.? + +J. G. N. + +"_Too wise to err._"--You will oblige many of your readers if you will +inform them from whence the words + + "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind," + +are quoted. + +T. W. A. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +THOMAS MAY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 167.) + +Thomas May, famous amongst the busy characters of his age, both as a +politician and a poet, was the eldest son of Sir Thos. May, Knt., of +Mayfield, in Sussex, where he was born in 1595. At the usual period of +life, he was admitted a fellow-commoner of Sidney Sussex College, +Cambridge; and having taken the degree of B.A. he entered himself at Gray's +Inn, with the intention of studying the law, which, however, it is +uncertain whether he ever pursued as a profession. Whilst he was a student +of the law, he made the acquaintance of Edward Hyde, afterwards Earl of +Clarendon; and became the intimate associate of Ben Jonson, Selden, Cotton, +Sir K. Digby, Thos. Carew[1], "and some others of eminent faculties in +their several ways." + + "His parts of nature and art," writes Clarendon[2], in describing his + character, "were very good, as appears by his translation of Lucan + (none of the easiest work of that kind), and more by his Supplement to + Lucan, which being entirely his own, for the learning, the wit, and the + language, may be well looked upon as one of the best epic poems in the + English language." + +As an elegant writer, indeed, of Latin verse, he is justly numbered amongst +the most successful of the accomplished poets of our nation--Ben Jonson, +Cowley, Milton, Marvell, Crashaw, Addison, Gray, Smart, T. Warton, Sir W. +Jones, &c.--who have devoted their leisure to this species of composition. +Clarendon goes on to say that May was "born to a fortune, if his father had +not spent it; so that he had only an annuity left him, not proportionable +to a liberal education:" + + "Yet since," continues this illustrious authority, "his fortune could + not raise his mind, he brought his mind down to his fortune, by a great + modesty and humility in his nature, which was not affected, but very + well became an imperfection in his speech, which was a great + mortification to him, and kept him from entering upon any discourse but + in the company of his very friends," of whom he had not a few, for "he + was cherished by many persons of honour, and very acceptable in all + places." + +From Charles I., no mean judge of poetry, and a liberal patron of the +Muses, May received much encouragement, and many substantial marks of +favour in the shape of donatives; and it was at the express command of this +monarch that he wrote his historical poem entitled _The Victorious Reigne +of Edward III._ From disgust, however, at the appointment of D'Avenant to +the Laureateship, on the death of Jonson in 1637,--a post to which, +according to what he considered to be his own superior deserts[3], he was +himself justly entitled,--"May fell from his duty, and all his former +friends," and became an active agent in promoting the designs of the +so-called popular leaders. Through the interest of Cromwell, he was +nominated Secretary to the Parliament, in which capacity he wrote a History +of its transactions, a work which was published in 1647. This performance, +which is highly commended by Granger, rendered its author extremely +obnoxious to the royal party, who exercised all their powers of pen to +disparage both the book and its compiler. He is represented by Clarendon, +for instance, "as prostituting himself to the vile office of celebrating +the infamous acts of those who were in rebellion against the king; which he +did so meanly, that he seemed to all men to have lost his wits, when he +left his honesty." Anthony ą Wood's account[4] of these matters, and of May +himself, is that + + "He was graciously countenanced by K. Charles I. and his royal consort; + but he, finding not that preferment from either which he expected, grew + discontented, sided with the Presbyterians, and, upon the {280} turn of + the times, became a debauchee _ad omnia_; entertained ill principles as + to religion, spoke often very slightly of the Trinity, kept beastly and + atheistical company, of whom Thos. Challoner, the regicide, was one, + and endeavoured to his power to asperse and invalidate the king and his + cause." + +His acquaintance with Challoner is also alluded to by Aubrey who says[5], +"that his translation of Lucan's excellent poem, made him in love with the +republique." Aubrey adds, he was-- + + "A handsome man, debauched, and lodged in the little square by Cannon + Row, as you go through the alley." + +Clarendon concludes his notice of May by observing that-- + + "Shortly after the publication of his parliamentary history he died, + miserable and neglected, and deserves to be forgotten." + +The fact is, he was found dead in his bed in Nov. 1650; but that he was +"neglected" is not altogether correct. At any rate, he was honoured with a +public funeral, a marble monument, and a laudatory epitaph in Westminster +Abbey,--short-lived dignities! for, at the Restoration, the memorial of his +fame was torn down, whilst his body was exhumed, and, after being treated +with much ignominy, hurled into a large pit in St. Margaret's churchyard +adjoining.--Besides the works above noticed, May also wrote _The +Description of Henry II._, in verse, with _A Short Survey of the Changes of +his Reign_, and _The Single and Comparative Character of Henry and Richard +his Sons_, in prose. Nor was that of Lucan his only translation, for he +rendered into English verse _Virgil's Georgics_ and _Selected Epigrams of +Martial_. He was also the author of five dramas, two of which are given in +Dodsley's _Old Plays_. A now forgotten critic, Henry Headley, B.A., of +Norwich, observes concerning his historical poetics, that May-- + + "Has caught no small portion of the energy and declamatory spirit which + characterises the Roman poet, whom, as he translated, he insensibly + made his model. His battle pieces," our critic continues, "highly merit + being brought forward to notice; they possess the requisites, in a + remarkable degree, for interesting the feelings of an Englishman. While + in accuracy they vie with a gazette, they are managed with such + dexterity, as to busy the mind with unceasing agitation, with scenes + highly diversified and impassioned by striking character, minute + incident, and alarming situation."[6] + +In confirmation of the general propriety and justness of these remarks, I +would refer to the description of "The Den of the Vices" (H. II. b. i.), +and to the accounts of "The Death of Rosamond" (H. II. b. v.), "The Battle +of Cressy" (E. III. b. iii.), and "The Capture of Mortimer" (E. III. b. +i.). These pieces can only be thus vindicated, being much too long for +extracting; but I think a republication of the entire poems would be an +acceptable boon to the public. + +COWGILL. + +[Footnote 1: _The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, &c._, Oxf. 1827.] + +[Footnote 2: The same.] + +[Footnote 3: Southey calls May "the very able competitor of D'Avenant," and +describes him as "a man so honourably known by his translation of Lucan, +and his Supplement to that poet, that it were to be wished he were +remembered for nothing else."--_Biog. Sketches._] + +[Footnote 4: _Athenę Oxon._ Bliss's edit.] + +[Footnote 5: In MSS. Ashmol., as quoted in _Biog. Britann._, from which, +and Chalmer's _Biog. Dict._, the dates, and such of the facts above given, +not otherwise authenticated, are _principally_ derived.] + +[Footnote 6: _Biographical Sketches,_ Lond., 12mo. 1787.] + +Although May's version of Cato's soliloquy is immeasurably below Addison's, +I am inclined to agree with J. H. L., that, on comparing them, it is more +than probable, Addison had May's description of Cato's death in his mind at +the same time he penned the justly celebrated soliloquy in the 5th Act of +his _Cato_. + +E. B. PRICE. + +Cow Cross. + +_Thomas May, the author of the Supplement to Lucan_ (Vol. iii., p. 167), +was the secretary and historian of the Long Parliament. He was born at +Mayfield in 1595; took the degree of B.A. at Sydney-Sussex College, +Cambridge, and afterwards entered Gray's Inn, but devoted himself to +literature. He translated Virgil's _Georgics_, Selected Epigrams of +Martial, and in 1627 Lucan's _Pharsalia_; to the latter, in 1630, he +supplied an English continuation of his own in seven books; intituled, _ A +Continuation of the Subject of Lucan's Historical Poem till the Death of +Julius Cęsar_. It was dedicated to Charles. He afterwards published at +Leyden a Latin translation of the seven additional books; this was added to +the Amsterdam and other editions of Lucan, and has established May's fame +as a classic scholar. Andrew Marvell, who saw only an apology for the +doings of the tyrannical parliament in the continuation of Lucan's poem, +calls May-- + + "Most servile wit, and mercenary pen, + Polydore, Lucan, Allan, Vandal, Goth. + Malignant poet and historian both. + Go seek the novice statesmen and obtrude + On them some Roman cast similitude." + +He died suddenly in the night of 13th Nov., 1650, his death being +attributed by Marvell to a little too much indulgence in wine. + + "As one pot drunk into the packet-boat, + Tom May was hurry'd hence, and did not know't." + +W. DURRANT COOPER. + +81. Guilford Street. + + [We are also indebted to BALLIOLENSIS and other correspondents for + general replies to this Query; and to W. S. (Richmond) for a reference + to Baron Maseres' account of him prefixed to his edition of May's + _History of the Long Parliament._] + + * * * * * + +DUCHESS OF BUCKINGHAM. + +(Vol iii., pp. 224, 249.) + +P. C. S. S. believes that a reference to almost any Peerage or work on +British genealogy, would {281} have saved Mr. F. B. RELTON the trouble of +addressing the inquiry at Vol. iii., p. 224. Katherine Sedley, daughter of +Sir Charles Sedley, commemorated in Johnson's line-- + + "And Sedley cursed the form that pleased a king"-- + +was created Countess of Dorchester by James II., and subsequently married +David Collyer, first Earl of Pontmore in Scotland. She died in 1692, having +had by King James a natural daughter, to whom, by royal warrant, that +monarch gave the rank and precedence of a duke's daughter; she was styled +Lady Catherine Darnley, and married first, in October 1699, James, third +Earl of Anglesey, from whom, on account of alleged cruelty on his part, she +was separated by act of parliament in the following year. The earl died in +1701, and his widow married, secondly, in 1705, John Sheffield, first Duke +of Normanby and Buckingham. She died on the 13th of March, 1743, and was +interred with almost regal pomp in Westminster Abbey. By her _first_ +husband (the Earl of Anglesey) she had an only daughter, the Lady Catherine +Annesley, married to Mr. William Phipps, father of the first Lord Mulgrave, +and, consequently, great-grandfather of the present Marquis of Normanby, +who on his recent elevation to that dignity, has, it appears, preferred to +take one of the ducal titles of a nobleman from whom he does _not_ descend, +and of whose blood there does not flow a single drop in his veins, to the +just assumption of the title of one from whom he _does_ descend, and whose +sole representative he undoubtedly is. + +Of the Duchess of Buckingham's inordinate pride, there are some curious +stories in Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann (_sub anno_ 1743). But +perhaps the most remarkable instance of it is to be found in a periodical +paper called the _British Champion_, which was published at that time, and +which is now not commonly to be met. In the No. for April 7, 1743, there is +the following anecdote:-- + + "I have been informed that a lady of high rank, finding her end + approaching, and feeling very uneasy apprehensions of this sort, came + at length to a resolution of sending for a clergyman, of whom she had + heard a very good character, in order to be satisfied as to some + doubts. The first question she asked was whether in heaven (for she + made no doubt of going thither) some respect would not be had to a + woman of such birth and breeding? The good man, for such he really was, + endeavoured to show her the weakness of this notion, and to convince + her that there was, where she was going, no acceptance of persons, and + much more to the same purpose. This the poor lady heard with much + attention, and then said with a sigh, 'Well, if it be so, this heaven + must be, after all, a strange sort of a place!'" + +P. C. S. S. is unwilling to believe this painful story--the more so, as it +must be recollected that the author of the paper was an inveterate Whig, +and the Duchess (jure paterno) as inveterate a Jacobite. + +P. C. S. S. + + * * * * * + +SAN GRAIL. + +Sir Walter Scott, in his _Marmion_ (Introduction to Canto First), writes of +Sir Lancelot of the Lake, that-- + + "A sinful man and unconfessed, + He took the Sangreal's holy quest, + And slumbering saw the vision high + He might not view with waking eye." + +In his note on this passage, he refers to the romance of the Morte Arthur, +and says: + + "One day when Arthur was holding a high feast with his Knights of the + Round Table, the Sangreal, a vessel out of which the last Passover was + eaten (a precious relic, which had long remained concealed from human + eyes, because of the sins of the land), suddenly appeared to him and + all his chivalry. The consequence of this vision was that all the + knights took on them a solemn vow to seek the Sangreal." + +The orthography of the word in the romance itself is _Sancgreall_, which +affords us a clue to what I believe to be its true etymology, _Sang réel_ +(Sanguis realis), a name it derived from the tradition of its having been +employed, not only to hold the paschal lamb at the Last Supper, but also by +Joseph of Arimathea to catch the blood and water which flowed from the +wounds of our Blessed Lord. + +Archdeacon Nares, in his _Glossary_, pp. 209. 445., enters largely into the +legendary history of the Sangreal, as well as the question of its +orthography. He takes some pains to refute the etymology given above, and +quotes Roquefort (_Dict. de la Langue Romane_) to prove that graal or +_greal_ signifies _a broad open dish_. Will any one who has the means of +consulting Roquefort inform us, whether he brings forward any instance of +the existence of such a word in this sense? or, if so employed, whether +such use may not have arisen from the ordinary erroneous orthography? It is +a question well worth investigation, which I hope may call some abler pens +than mine into exercise. + +This holy relic, the object of so much fruitless search to Arthur and his +knights, is now safely deposited in the cathedral of Genoa, where all, holy +or unholy, may behold it, on making the accustomed offering to its +sanctity. Of old, it concealed itself from the eyes of all but those free +from mortal sin; but now, the ability to pay five francs puts one in +possession of every Christian virtue, and the _Sacro Catino_ (as it is +called) is exhibited on the payment of that sum. In addition to the +authorities quoted by Nares, I would refer to Sir F. Palgrave, in _Murray's +Handbook to Northern Italy_, 1st edition, p. 105. + +SA. CA. + +{282} + +_The St. Graal_ (Vol. iii. p. 224.).--Your correspondent W. M. K. will find +the subject of "the Sangreal's holy quest" treated in the late Mr. Price's +elaborate preface to Warton's _History of English Poetry_ (ed. 1840), p. +53; also an account of the MS. at C. C. C., Cambridge, in the same work, +vol. i. p. 149.; and a reference to Walter Map's translation of the Latin +romance of St. Graal into French, vol. ii. p. 416. See also Sismondi, _Lit. +of the South of Europe_ (Bohn, 1846), vol. i. p. 197., and note. + +H. G. T. + + * * * * * + +THE FROZEN HORN. + +(Vol. ii., p. 262. Vol. iii., p. 25.) + +Your correspondent J. M. G. quotes _Hudibras_, p. i. c. i. l. 147.: + + "Where truth in person does appear, + Like words congeal'd in northern air." + +Zachary Grey does _not_, in his note, refer to Mandeville, but he says: + + "See an explication of this passage, and a merry account of words + freezing in Nova Zembla, _Tatler,_ No. 254.; and Rabelais' account of + the bloody fight of the Arimasphians and Nephelebites upon the confines + of the Frozen Sea (vol. iv. c. 56. p. 229., Ozell's edit. 1737). To + which Mr. John Done probably refers, in his panegyric upon T. Coryat, + and his Crudities: + + 'It's not that French which made his giants see, + Those uncouth islands, where words frozen be, + Till by the thaw next year they've voice again." + +W. B. H. + +Manchester. + +J. M. G. quotes Sir John Mandeville for the story of the congealed words +falling like hail from the rigging of his ship in the Arctic regions. I do +not remember the passage, but there is one almost identical in Rabelais' +_Pantagruel_, lib. iv. ch. lv., headed-- + + "Comment en haulte mer Pantagruel ouļt diverses parolles desgelées." + +In the notes to Bohn's translation it is said: + + "Rabelais has borrowed these from the _Courtisan_ of Balthasar de + Castillon, of which a French translation was printed in 1539, and from + the _Apologues_ of Cęlius Caleagnnius of Ferrara, published in 1544." + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + +BAB AT THE BOWSTER. + +(Vol. ii., p. 517.) + +Your correspondent MAC is mistaken when he says that no words are used in +the Scottish dance of "Bab at the Bowster:" I have myself "babbed at the +Bowster" within the last few years. Upon that occasion the words sung by +the company while dancing round the individual bearing the "bowster" were-- + + "Wha learn'd you to dance, + You to dance, you to dance, + Wha learn'd you to dance + Bab at the bowster brawly?" + +To which the "bowster-bearer" replies-- + + "My mither learned me to dance, + Me to dance, me to dance, + My mither learned me to dance + Bab at the bowster brawly." + +After which, throwing down the "bowster" or cushion before one of the +opposite sex, they both kneel upon it, and kiss one another +_affectionately_. + +I never heard any words save the above; but a friend from a neighbouring +county (Dumbartonshire) informs me, that with them it is sometimes changed +into + + "Wha gi'ed you the keys to keep, + The keys to keep," &c. + +There are also other variations which I believe I can procure, should they +be desired by MAC or others. I should perhaps mention, for the benefit of +Southrons, that almost all untravelled Scotchmen in conversation use the +verb _to learn_ in place of the verb _to teach_. + +Y. + +Glasgow. + +The dance in Scotland called "Bab at the Bowster" is always the winding up +at "kirns" and other merrymakings, and is most likely similar to the +cushion-dance. The tune to which it is danced has words belonging to it. +The beginning lines are-- + + "There's braw yill, + Down at the mill, + Bab at the bowster," &c. + +L. M. M. R. + + * * * * * + +OLIVER CROMWELL AND HIS DEALINGS WITH THE DEVIL. + +(Vol. iii., p. 207.) + +Among the papers of an old personal friend and correspondent of the +"Sylvanus Urban" of his day,--a clergyman of the good old school, who died +a quarter of a century ago, aged eighty-six, I find the inclosed. It may +possibly lead to the further elucidation of one of the Notes of B. B. It is +unfortunate that no date is attached to it, nor any intimation of its +history. Its owner was the intimate friend of Bennet, Bishop of Cloyne, of +Dr. Farmer, of Burgess, Bishop of St. David's (afterwards Salisbury), and +other eminent divines of his time. + +With this MS. was inclosed another, in more modern writing; but, from the +orthography, copied from an older paper, headed "Private Amours of Oliver +Cromwell." It is very short, and also without date. It is at your service +if desired. + +S. H. H. + +{283} + +A NARRATIVE CONCERNING CROMWELL'S DEALINGS WITH THE D----L + + "On y^e 3d of Sept., in y^e morning, Cromwell took Colonel Lindsey, his + intimate friend, and first Capt. of his regiment, to a wood side not + far from y^e army, and bid him alight and follow him into that wood, & + take particular notice of what he saw & heard. + + "After they had both alighted & secured their horses, & walked some + small way into the wood, Lindsey began to turn pale, & to be seiz'd + with horrour, from some unknown cause; upon wch Cromwell askt him how + he did, or how he felt himself. He answered, that he was in such a + trembling & consternation that he never felt y^e like in all y^e + conflicts and battles he had been engaged in: But wether it proceeded + from the gloomyness of y^e place, or y^e temperament of his body, he + knew not. 'How now?' said Cromwell. 'What! trowbled with vapours? Come + forward, man.' They had not gon above 20 yards before Lindsey on a + sudden stood still and cry'd out, by all that's good he was seized with + such unaccountable terrours & astonishment that it was impossible for + him to stir one step further. Upon which Cromwell call'd him + faint-hearted fool, & bid him stand there & observe or be witness: and + then advancing to some distance from him, he met with a grave elderly + man, with a roll of parchment in his hand, who deliver'd it to + Cromwell, who eagerly perused it. Lindsey, a little recover'd from his + fear, heard severall loud words betwixt them: particularly Cromwell + said, 'This is but for seven year. I was to have it for 21, and it must + and shall be so.' The other told him positively it could not be for + above seven; upon which Cromwell cry'd with a great fierceness, it shd + be, however, for 14 year; but the other person plorily declared it + could not possibly be for any longer time: and if he woud not take it + so, there was others that woud accept of it: Upon which Cromwell at + last took y^e parchment, and returning to Lindsey with great joy in his + countenance, he cry'd, 'Now, Lindsey, the battle's our own: I long to + be engag'd.' Returning out of the wood, they rode to y^e army. Cromwell + with a resolution to engage as soon as possible, & y^e other with a + design of leaving y^e army as soon. After y^e first charge Lindsey + deserted his post, and rode away with all possible speed, day and + night, till he came into y^e county of Norfolk, to y^e house of an + intimate friend, and minister of that parish: Cromwell, as soon as he + mist him, sent all ways after him, with a promise of a great reward to + any that w'd bring him alive or dead. + + "Thus far y^e narrative of Lindsey himself; but something further is to + be remembered to complete & confirm y^e story. + + "When Mr. Thorowgood saw his friend Lindsey come into his yard, his + horse and himself just tired, in a sort of amaze he said, 'How, now, + Colonel; we hear there is like to be a battle shortly. What! fled from + your colours?' 'A battle!' said y^e other; 'yes, there has bin a + battle, and I am sure y^e King is beaten. If ever I strike a stroke for + Cromwell again, may I perish eternally, for I am sure he has made a + league with y^e Devil, and he will have him in due time.' Then, + desiring his protection from Cromwell's inquisitors, he went in & + related y^e whole story, and all the circumstances, concluding with + these remarkable words, That Cromwell w'd certainly die that day seven + year that the battle was fought. + + "The strangeness of his relation caused Mr. Thorowgood to order his son + John, then about 12 years of age, to write it in full length in his + common place book, & to take it from Lindsey's own mouth. This common + place book, and likewise y^e same story writen in other books, I am + sure is still preserv'd in y^e family of y^e Thorowgoods: But how far + Lindsey is to be believed, & how far y^e story is to be accounted + incredible, is left to y^e reader's faith and judgment, & not to any + determination of our own." + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Gig Hill_ (Vol. iii., p. 222.).--Perhaps your correspondent is mistaken in +saying that "there is no indication of anything in the land to warrant the +name." At least, the very fact of its being a hill is suspicious. If I +could venture to affront you with a pun, I should say, that it seems to me +very natural that the _top_ of a hill should look like a _gig_. Mercy on +us! do words wear out so fast? Why, I have not reached three-score, and did +not I "whip my gig" when I was an "infant"?--not an infant born in a remote +province, sucking in archaism with my mother's milk, playing with heirloom +toys, and calling them by obsolete names, but a smart little cockney, born +and bred in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, where, no doubt, there were +gig-whipping brats plenty. In the crowded state of your columns, you would +not thank me for enlarging on the top-_hic_, or I should really feel +disposed to enter into a dissertation on the nature and characteristic +differences of whipping-tops, humming-tops, peg-tops, and gigs. As to the +latter, it certainly occurs to me, now that the question is raised, that I +have not seen such a thing for a long time; though I fancy _gigs_ lying in +the shop-windows, as they did at a period when I was more likely to observe +them; and if they have become so far forgotten, it may be worth while, for +the sake of Shakspeare, to say that they were generally (as far as I +remember always) made of horn; and therefore, when Holofernes says "Go, +whip thy gig" (which means just the same as Mr. Oldbuck's "Sew your +sampler, monkey!"), Moth replies, "Lend me your _horn_ to make one, and I +will whip about your infamy _circum circa_; a gig of a cuckold's horn!" It +is enough to add that the gig was made of the tip of the horn, and looked, +while spinning, like an inverted extinguisher. It was hollow, but my +impression is that there was sometimes lead at the bottom of the inside. +Even with the ballast, it was a ticklish, volatile, kickety thing, much +more difficult to set up and to keep up than the sober whipping-top, and +bearing somewhat the same relation to one in bulk and motion, {284} that a +ship's gig may do to herself, or a gig on land to a coach. As to Gig Hill, +however, unless it has a conical top, some other explanation must be +sought. + +N. B. + + [C., E. H., and numerous other correspondents, have also kindly replied + to this Query.] + +_Epigram against Burke_ (Vol. iii., P. 243.).-- + + "Oft have I heard that ne'er on Irish ground, + A poisonous reptile ever yet was found; + Nature, though slow, will yet complete her work, + She has saved her venom to create a Burke." + +The author of these lines was Warren Hastings himself; his private +secretary (Mr. Evans) sat by his side during the trial, and saw him write +the above. My authority is a niece of Mr. Evans, who formed one of her +uncle's family at the period of the trial. + +N. M. + +_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iii., p. 209.).--This is the portrait of Samuel +Clarke, the ejected minister of Bennet Fink, London. I have three +impressions of this engraving now before me. Two of these are in an +illustrated Granger, and are in different states, the earlier one having no +shading in the background. The third copy is prefixed to-- + + "A Collection of the Lives of Ten Eminent Divines, Famous in their + Generations for Learning, Prudence, Piety, and painfuless in the work + of the Ministry, &c. By Sa. Clarke, Preacher of the Gospel in St. + Bennet Fink, London, 1662." 4to. + +Very likely the same plate had been previously used for some other of +Clarke's numerous publications. At the end of the verses beneath the +portrait, my copies have "P.V.A.M. _fecit_," which, I suppose, are the +initials of Peter Vinke. + +JOHN I. DREDGE. + +A full and interesting account of this worthy divine is given in _Granger_, +vol. v. p. 73.; and the quatrain will be found annexed to a brief account +of the same portrait in Ames's _English Heads_, p. 43. + +J. F. Y. + +_Salgado's Slaughter-house_ (Vol. ii., p. 358.).--Your correspondent asks, +Who was Salgado? and his question has not yet, I believe, been answered. +James Salgado, whose name does not appear in any biographical dictionary, +though it deserves to do, and whose pieces are unnoticed in Peck's +Catalogue, though they should certainly not have been omitted, was a +Spanish priest, who renounced the Roman Catholic belief, and was imprisoned +by the Inquisition, and after undergoing many sufferings made his escape to +England in the latter part of the reign of Charles II. His history is +contained in _An Account of his Life and Sufferings_, in a 4to. tract in my +possession, entitled, _A Confession of Faith of James Salgado, a Spaniard, +and sometimes a Priest in the Church of Rome_, London, 1681, 4to. Watt and +Lowndes both notice some of his pieces, but their lists are very imperfect, +and do not comprise the tract, of which your correspondent gives the title, +and which is also in my possession, and several others which I have noted +in my copy of my _Confession_, but which it is perhaps unnecessary to +enumerate here. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Mathew's (not Ma_tt_hew's) Mediterranean Passage_ (Vol. iii., p. 240.).--I +have a copy of this work, and shall have pleasure in forwarding it to +MERCURII for perusal, if he will address a note to me, which the publisher +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will forward. + +NIBOR. + +Oxford, March 29. 1851. + +_The Mitre and the "Cloven Tongues"_ (Vol. iii., p. 146.).--My attention +has just been directed to the remark of your correspondent L. M. M. R., who +adduces the miracle of the "cloven tongues as of fire" as having supplied +the form of the mitre. + +This is an old explanation; but your correspondent does not appear to be +aware that "cloven" has been rejected by high classical authority, as not +being a correct interpretation of the word [Greek: diamerizomenai]. The +exact translation is, "And tongues as of fire appeared, being distributed +to them." The same verb is used in the passage, "They _parted_ my garments +among them,"--parted or distributed--the exact equivalent. + +It appears to me that the translators have here made an extraordinary +blunder. They have, I think, mistaken [Greek: diamźrizō] for [Greek: +diamerizō]. For the peculiar meaning of the former verb I beg to refer +those who have not observed it, to Liddell and Scott's _Lexicon_. The +substitution of a letter here ([eta] for [epsilon]) would give to the +Scripture term a significance, which, though analogous to that of the +current translation, is immeasurably distant from the exact interpretation. + +HUGHES FRAZER HALLE. + +Chudleigh, March 24. 1851. + +_Slums_ (Vol. iii., p. 224.).--This word is, I take it, an Americanism, +being an abbreviation of _settlements_. + +The _back settlements_ and _back slums_ are used synonymously. + +D. Q. + +"_God's Acre_" (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--On looking back to some of your old +numbers I find W. H. K. has never been answered with regard to the above +application of the term to churchyards. Longfellow (Liverpool edition, +1850, p. 36.) commences one of his poems thus: + + "I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls + The burial-ground _God's Acre_. It is just; + It consecrates each grave within its walls, + And breathes a benison o'er the sleeping dust." + +Whether this may be any help to W. H. K., I know not, but I cannot refrain +from the Query--What is the Saxon phrase alluded to? + +W. H. P. + +{285} + +_Wages in the last Century_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--I have a note on this +subject which is at A. A.'s service, extracted from the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ for May 1732, vol. ii p. 771.:-- + + "WAGES (YEARLY) appointed by the Justices, A.D. 1732, to be taken by + the Servants in the County of Kent. + + £ s. d. + Head Ploughman, Waggoner, or Seedsman 8 0 0 + His Mate 4 0 0 + Best Woman Servant 3 0 0 + Second Sort 2 0 0 + Second Ploughman 6 0 0 + His Mate 3 0 0 + Labourers by the Day, in Summer 0 1 2 + Ditto, in Winter 0 1 0 + + _County of Gloucester._ + + Head Servant in Husbandry 5 0 0 + Second Servant 4 0 0 + Driving Boy under 14 Years 1 0 0 + Head Maid Servant in Dairy, and Cook 2 10 0 + Second Maid Servant 2 0 0 + Mower in Hay Harvest, without Drink, + per Day 0 1 2 + With Drink, per Day 0 1 0 + Mower and Reaper in Corn Harvest, with + Diet, per Day 0 1 0 + Other Day labourer, from Corn to Hay + Harvest, with Drink only, per Day 0 0 8 + With Diet, per Day 0 0 4 + Without Diet or Drink, per Day 0 0 10 + Carpenter, Wheelwright, and Mason, without + Drink, per Day 0 1 2 + With Drink, per Day 0 1 0." + +I send the note as I have it in my commonplace book; but I should think +that the periodical from which the above is extracted, contains much that +would suit A. A.'s purpose. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +Martham, Norfolk. + +_Tradesmen's Signs_ (Vol. iii., p. 224.).--The _projecting_ signs over +tradesmen's shop-doors were removed under the London Paving Act, 6 Geo. +III. c. 26. s. 17. In the _Percy History of London_, i. 179., the act is +erroneously said to have been passed in 1762. From Malcolm's _Anecdotes of +London_, pp. 468, 469., it seems that the clause in question was inserted +in the act in consequence of inquiries by a committee appointed by the +Court of Common Council in 1764. _Mr. Peter Cunningham_, in the "London +Occurrences" prefixed to his _Handbook for London_, says: "1766. The +house-signs of London taken down." + +No doubt the existing Metropolitan Paving Acts contain clauses which will +prevent tradesmen from again putting up _projecting signs_. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_Standfast's Cordial Comforts, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--ABHBA will find +in a catalogue of curious books published by G. Bumstead, 205. High +Holborn, an early edition of Standfast. It is described thus: + + "Standfast (R.), A Little Handful of Cordial Comforts, and a Caveat + against Seducers; with the Blind Man's Meditations, and a Dialogue + Between a Blind Man and Death, 12mo. 1684." + +This may assist ABHBA in his researches. + +Z. + +_St. Pancras_ (Vol. ii., p. 496.).--Your correspondent MR. YEOWELL asks +where C. J. Smith's collection of MSS., cuttings and prints, &c. relating +to the parish of St. Pancras, are deposited? It is in the library of +Richard Percival, Esq., 9. Highbury Park, Islington. + +Can any of your readers give an account of St. Pancras? He was martyred May +12, 304. + +R. + + [Has our correspondent looked at the _Calendar of the Anglican Church_, + lately published by Parker of Oxford? A brief notice of St. Pancras + will be found on p. 274. of that useful little work.] + +_Lines on "Woman's Will"_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--Although somewhat late in +the day, I send you the following paragraph from the _Examiner_ of May 31, +1829: + + "_Woman's Will._--The following lines (says a correspondent of the + _Brighton Herald_) were copied from the pillar erected on the Mount in + the Dane-John Field, formerly called the Dungeon Field, Canterbury: + + 'Where is the man who has the power and skill + To stem the torrents of a woman's will? + For if she will, she will, you may depend on't, + And if she won't, she won't so there's an end on't."' + +H. C. + +Workington. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., p. +11.).--In _Hubback on the Evidence of Succession_, p. 253, after some +remarks on the word "natural," not of itself in former times denoting +illegitimacy, this passage occurs: + + "But as early as the time of Elizabeth the word _natural_, standing + alone, had acquired something of its present meaning. The Parliament, + in debating upon the act establishing the title to the crown in the + Queen's issue, thought it proper to alter the words 'issue lawfully + begotten,' into 'natural-born issue,' conceiving the latter to be a + more delicate phrase. But this created a suspicion among the people, + that the Queen's favourite, Leicester, intended after her death to set + up some bastard of his own, pretending it was born of her, and bred up + privately."--Duke of Buckingham _On Treasons_, cited Amos's + _Fortescue_, p. 154. + +J. H. L. + +_Coggeshall Job_ (Vol. iii., p. 167.).--Does J. C. allude to the tradition +that the Coggeshall people placed hurdles in the stream to turn the river, +and chained up the wheelbarrow when the mad dog bit it? + +J. H. L. + +_Whale caught at Greenwich before the Death of Cromwell_ (Vol. iii., p. +207.).--B. B. wishes a record {286} of the capture of a whale at Greenwich, +immediately previous to Cromwell's death. I take leave to inform him that, +in a tract entitled _A Catalogue of natural Rarities, with great Industry, +Cost and thirty Years' Travel in foreign Countries collected, by Robert +Hubert, alias Forges, Gent., and sworn Servant to his Majesty. And Dayly to +be seen at the Place called the Musick House, at the Miter, near the West +End of St. Paul's Church_, 1664, there is the following item:-- + + "The vein of the tongue of that whale that was taken up at Greenwich, a + little before Cromwell's death." + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Fronte Capillatā, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43. 124.).--The following lines +from Tasso's _Amore Fuggitivo_ contain the same figure as the Latin quoted +above: + + "Crespe hą le chiome e d'oro, + E in quella guisa appunto, + Che Fortuna si pinge + Ha lunghi e folti in sulla fronte i crini; + Ma nuda hą poi la testa + Agli opposti confini." + +ROBERT SNOW. + +The lines quoted by your correspondent are from Peacock's "Headlong Hall," +and are imitated from Machiavelli's "Capitolo dell' Occasione." The whole +air stands thus; the second stanza differing slightly from the version +given by MR. BURT. The lines are very pretty, at least in my opinion. + + "LOVE AND OPPORTUNITY. + + "Oh! who art thou, so swiftly flying? + My name is Love, the child replied; + Swifter I pass than south-winds sighing, + Or streams through summer vales that glide. + And who art thou, his flight pursuing? + 'Tis cold Neglect whom now you see: + The little god you there are viewing, + Will die, if once he's touched by me. + + "Oh! who art thou so fast proceeding, + Ne'er glancing back thine eyes of flame? + Mark'd but by few, through earth I'm speeding, + And Opportunity's my name. + What form is that which scowls beside thee? + Repentance is the form you see: + Learn then, the fate may yet betide thee. + She seizes them who seize not me." + +W. R. M. + +_John Sanderson, or the Cushion-dance_ (Vol. ii., p. 517.).--Though I am +unable to answer your correspondent Mac's inquiry as to the antiquity of +this dance, it may interest him as well as others of the readers of "NOTES +AND QUERIES" to know, that when Walpole made up his mind to abandon his +Excise bill (which met with a still fiercer opposition out of doors than in +the House of Commons), he signified his intention to a party of his +adherents at the supper-table, by quoting the first line of the +accompanying song:-- + + "This dance it will no further go!"[7] + +This, at least, shows the popularity of this dance in the reign of George +II. + +H. C. + +Workington. + +[Footnote 7: This occurred in the year 1733.] + +_George Steevens and William Stevens_ (Vol. iii, p. 230.).--The late Sir +J. A. Park wrote _Memoirs of William Stevens_, the Treasurer of Queen +Anne's Bounty, and the biographer of Jones of Nayland. As little +resemblance must have existed between this gentleman and "the Puck of +commentators," George Steevens, as between the two Harveys: + + "The one invented Sauce for Fish + The other Meditations." + +J. H. M. + +_Memoirs of Stevens_ by the late Sir James Allan Park have been published, +and are well worth reading; but this Stevens was not George Steevens, the +Shakespearian commentator, but William, Treasurer of Queen Anne's Bounty, +one of the most meek and humble minded of men. + + "He was inferior to none in profound knowledge, and steady practice of + the doctrines and discipline of the Church of England; austere to + himself alone, charitable and indulgent towards others, he attracted + the young by the cheerfulness of his temper, and the old by the + sanctity of his life." + +MISS BOCKETT should not confound such a holy character with George +Steevens. + +E. H. + +_Memoirs of George Steevens, Esq., F.R.S. and F.S.A._ (Vol. iii., p. +119.).--In answer to A. Z. it may be stated that a brief memoir of Mr. +Steevens was given in Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth +Century_, Vol. ii. p. 680.; further anecdotes, and some of his letters, in +vol. v. of Nichols's _Literary Illustrations_; and further letters (his +correspondence with Dr. Percy, Bishop of Dromore), in vol. vii. of the +latter work; besides many incidental notices, which will be found by +reference to the indexes. On the last occasion a copy of his portrait by +Dance, was attached; and in vol. v. of the _Literary Illustrations_ is an +engraving of his monument by Flaxman, in Poplar Chapel. + +N. + +_Tradescant_ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--At what period the elder Tradescant +came into England is not with certainty known, but it is supposed to have +been about the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, or the beginning of that of +James I. He obtained the title of _Royal Gardener_ circa 1629. + +It may not be superfluous to mention (on the authority of Allen's _History +of Lambeth_, p. 142.) that formerly the three following lines were on the +monument in Lambeth churchyard, until its {287} reparation by public +subscription in 1773, when they were left out: + + "This monument was erected at the charge of _Hester Tradescant_, the + relict of _John Tradescant_, late deceased, who was buried the 25th of + April, 1662." + +ALFRED W. H. + +Kennington. + +_Origin of Harlequins_ (Vol. iii., p. 165.).--Your correspondent and +querist E. L. N. wishes for an account of the Origin of Harlequins. I beg +to refer E. L. N. to an account of the Hellequines, or "La Mesnie +Hellequin," given by M. Paul Paris, in his work on the _Manuscripts +Franēois de la Bib. du Roi_, vol. i. p. 322. M. Paris says: + + "On donnoit ce nom (Hellequines) ą des espčces de feux follets ou + génies plutōt malfaisants que favorables, et plutōt moqueurs que + malfaisants.... L'origine de la tradition de la Mesnie Hellequin se + perd dans l'obscurité des temps. On l'entendoit surtout bruire dans les + environs de la ville d'_Arles_.... J'ignore la premičre origine de + cette locution; mais ce qui me semble incontestable, c'est qu'on + confondit facilement la Mesnie Hellequin avec celle '_de la Mort_,' + famille bariolée de rouge et de noir, et dont le manteau de cérémonie + devoit źtre un grand pan de toile ou linceul. Déją le lecteur a devancé + la conséquence qu'il faut tirer de tout cela; la Mesnie Hellequin, + partie nécessaire des cortéges effrayants ou grotesques dans le + moyen-āge, est devenue insensiblement, sous la main des arrangeurs, + notre _famille d'Arlequin_. Le costume bariolé d'Arlequin n'est rien + autre que le fantastique costume du représentant de la Mort.... Et, si + ce que je viens de dire est fondé, on ne répčtera plus aprčs Ménage + (Gilles), que le mot _Arlequin_ fut pris d'abord, sur la fin du XVI + sičcle, par un certain bouffon italien que le Président _Harlay_ avoit + accueilli. Il est certain que le mot _Arlequin_ se trouve + trčs-anciennement dans un grand nombre de mystčres. + + "'Numquid me velis,' ecrivoit Jean Raulin, mort en 1514, 'antiquam + illam familiam Harlequini, revocare, ut videatur mortuus inter mundanę + curię nebulas et caligines equitare?'" + +By the above extracts, which I fear you will find too long, harlequinades +would seem rather to be derived from the wanton pranks of sprites than the +coarse gambols of buffoons; and this derivation would certainly best agree +with the accepted character of the modern harlequin. + +H. C. C. + +"_Predeceased_" and "_Designed_" (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--The former word is +used in an active sense by Shakspeare, in his "Rape of Lucrece:" + + "If children _predecease_ progenitors, + We are their offspring, and they none of ours." + +"Designed," in the sense of "designated," is employed by Locke: + + "'Tis not enough to make a man a subject, to convince him that there is + regal power in the world; but there must be ways of _designing_ and + knowing the person to whom the regal power of right belongs." + +COWGILL. + +"_Quadrijugis invectus equis," &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--These lines, in +which "veriis" and "antesolat" are, of course, misprints for "variis" and +"antevolat," apply with such peculiar exactness to Guido's celebrated +Aurora, at the Rospigliosi Palace, that I cannot but think the painting has +given rise to the lines. Besides, in the ancient mythology, the Horę are +said to be _three_ in number, daughters of Jupiter and Themis, and one of +their offices was harnessing the horses of the Sun. It is unlikely, +therefore, that any classic author would mention them as being seven in +number. + +C. I. R. + +_St. John's Bridge Fair_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.).--Perhaps in the county of +Northampton, and in the city of Peterborough, where a fair, commencing +October 2d, is still called "Bridge Fair." The parish church of +Peterborough is dedicated to St. John Baptist; but a fair on the saint's +day would be too near the other, and probably more ancient fair, which is +held on old St. Peter's Day, to whom the cathedral church is dedicated. + +ARUN. + +_Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe_ (Vol. iii., pp. 137. 195.).--It is +a singular fact, to which I do not remember a reference has hitherto been +made, that Defoe, in his _Life and Adventures of Captain Singleton_, has +foreshadowed the discovery by recent travellers of a great inland lake in +the South of Africa. He describes his adventurous hero and companions, +during their attempt to cross this vast continent from Mozambique to +Angola, as having, on the ninth day of their journey, come in "view of a +great lake of water." + + "The next day," he adds, "which was the tenth from our setting out, we + came to the edge of this lake, and happily for us, we came to it at the + south point of it, for to the north we could see no end of it; so we + passed by it, and travelled three days by the side of it."--_Life, + Adventures, and Piracies of Captain Singleton_, chap. vi. + +According to a rough calculation by one of the party, they were, a few days +before reaching it, 700 miles from the coast of Mozambique, and 1500 from +the Cape of Good Hope. Now Messrs. Murray and Oswell, the enterprising +travellers to whom we owe the discovery of this vast South African lake, +describe it as being in longitude 24° East, latitude 19° South; a position +not very wide apart from that indicated in Defoe's amusing fiction. + +T. C. SMITH. + +_Lord Howard of Effingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 244.).--I submit that the +passages quoted by your correspondent are not sufficient evidence to lead +us to conclude that that nobleman _ever_ was a Protestant. As to the +"neglect of reverence to the Holy Sacrament," it is only said that the +priests might pretend _that_ as a cause; and it is not to be supposed that +an ambassador would so far forget himself as to show any disrespect to the +religion of the {288} prince he was sent to. Besides, it is likely that +Lord Howard was chosen for the embassy as being a Catholic, and therefore +more acceptable to a prince of the same religion. + +2nd. Fuller's words only refer to testimony on a disputed fact, on which +Catholic evidence the effect quoted by him would have peculiar weight. + +3rd. The words to Garnet, who had declared his innocence and abhorrence of +the imputed crime, are such as a Catholic would be most likely to use. + +4th. The word "_our_," in the royal instructions, is the word of form, and +resembles the editorial "_we_." In royal instructions to Mr. Shiel at +Florence, Mr. Wyse at Naples, or Mr. More O'Ferrall at Malta, her Majesty +would use the words "our religion;" would that imply that any or all of +those gentlemen were Protestants? + +After all, Lord Howard may have conformed to the court religion after the +period of the Armada: occasional conformity was frequent at the period. + +KERRIENSIS. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.; Vol. iii., p. +94.).--In _Collectanea Topographica, &c._, vol. iii. p. 134., is printed +the "Account of the Proctors of the Church of Yeovil, co. Somerset, 36 Hen. +VI. 1457-8." The learned editor says: + + "The first item is remarkable, as affording an instance of seats being + made subject to sale at so early a period;" and proceeds: "it may be + observed that the two sexes must have sat in different parts of the + church, as, with only one exception, the seats are let to other persons + of the same sex as before." + +LLEWELLYN. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--A +proof of the correctness of the remark advanced in this note is afforded by +the practice followed in the little church of Covington, Huntingdonshire, +where a few of the old open seats remain towards the western end, in which +each sex still sits on its proper side, although the custom does not hold +with respect to the pews which some of the farmers and others have erected +for themselves at the eastern end. + +ARUN. + +_Separation of the Sexes at Church._--Many of your correspondents have +taken up the separation of the living at church, but none have alluded to +the dead. I extract the following from a deed of the 34th of Elizabeth:-- + + "But also in the two severall vawtes or towmbes in the sayd chappell, + and in the sowthe syde of the same, and in the wall of the sayd church, + ffor themselves only to bury in; that is to say, in the upper of the + same, standing eastwards, to bury the deade bodyes of the men, being + ancestors of the sayd A. B.; and in the lower, standing westwards, to + bury the deade bodies of the women, being wyves or children female of + his, the said A. B.'s ancestors." + +Perhaps some of your correspondents can tell us whether such separate +vaults were customary? + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_ (Vol. i., p. 370.).--Your correspondent DANIEL ROCK +states these words to have been chosen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, +Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon he preached when Edward III. was +called to the throne; and in your Notices to Correspondents, Vol. iii., p. +254., you repeat the statement. + +The prelate by whom the sermon was preached was not Simon Mepham, but his +predecessor, Walter Reynolds, who was Archbishop of Canterbury when the +second Edward was deposed, and when Edward III. was crowned, on February 1, +1327. This Walter Reynolds died on November 16, 1327, and Simon Mepham was +appointed his successor on December 11, 1327. John Toland, in his _Anglia +Libera_, p. 114., has this reference to the sermon which was preached by +the Archbishop Reynolds on the occasion of the king's coronation: + + "To Edward I. succeeded his son Edward II., who growing an intolerable + tyrant, was in a parliament summoned by himself formally accused of + misgovernment, and on his own acknowledging the truth of this charge, + solemnly deposed. When his son, Edward III., was elected with universal + consent, Walter, the Archbishop of Canterbury, preached the coronation + sermon, and took these words for his text, "_Vox populi Vox Dei_, the + voice of the people is the voice of God,"--so little did they dream in + those days of the divine right of monarchy, or that all power did not + originally derive from the people, for whom and by whom all governments + are erected and maintained." + +Sir Harris Nicolas in his _Synopsis of the Peerage,_ and Dugdale in his +_Monasticon_, give the name of this Archbishop as Walter Reynolds. Sir +Richard Baker, in his _Chronicle_, describes him as Walter Reginald; and in +Hume's _England_ he is called Walter de Reynel. + +ST. JOHNS. + +_Mazer Wood_ (Vol. iii., p. 239.).--The Querist asks, "Has the word Mazer +any signification in itself?" + +It is used to signify a cup. Vide Walter Scott's _Lord of the Isles_, where +Robert Bruce is speaking: + + "Bring here, he said, the Mazers four, + My noble fathers loved of yore." + +And it is probably derived from the Irish "Maeddher," a standing cup, +generally of _wood_, of a quadrangular form, with a handle on each of the +sides. The puzzle was how to drink out of it, which was done from the +angles. A silver "Maeddher" was presented to Lord Townshend when leaving +Ireland, who puzzled many of his English friends by placing it before them +filled with claret. Uninitiated persons usually attempted to drink from the +flat side, and poured the wine over their clothes. I think another was +presented to Lord Normanby when in Ireland. We see _gutta percha_ {289} +cups and buckets everywhere now-a-days. Perhaps such an utensil might have +been among the dishes, &c. mentioned in the Catalogue of the Tradescant +Museum. + +KERRIENSIS. + + [See a curious note on Mazers, used as large drinking-cups, or goblets, + in Walter Scott's _Poetical Works_, p. 488., edit. 1848.] + +_Traditions from remote Periods through few Hands_ (Vol. iii., p. +237.).--The following facts may not be uninteresting on this subject. + +The late Maurice O'Connell of Derrynane, co. Kerry, died early in 1825, and +would have completed 99 years on the 31st of March in that year. The writer +hereof has heard him tell anecdotes derived from the conversation of Daniel +M^cCarthy, of the same co., who died about 1740, aged at least 108 years. +This Daniel M^cCarthy was commonly known by the nick-name of "Dhonald +Bhin," or "Yellow Dan," and was the first man that ran away from the battle +of Aughrim. There is a short account of him in Smith's _History of Kerry_, +in which he is mentioned as lately deceased. You have thus a period of over +200 years, the traditions of which might be derived through three persons, +the survivor of whom, your correspondent, is but middle aged. I remember +being told in the co. Clare, circiter 1828, of an individual then lately +deceased, who remembered the siege of Limerick by General Ginkle, and the +news of the celebrated treaty of Limerick. It is to be wished that your +readers who reside in, or may visit Ireland, would take an interest in this +subject. I am certain that in remote parts of the country much curious +tradition could be thus brought to light; and it would be interesting to +compare the accounts of great public events, as remembered and handed down +by the peasantry, with those which we take on the faith of historians. + +As relating to this subject, I may refer to the allusion made in page 250. +of the same Number to the Countess of Desmond, who was said to have lived +to so great an age. I have seen the picture alluded to at Glanlearne in +Valencia, the seat of the knight of Kerry; and it must have been taken at a +comparatively early period of life, as the Earl of Desmond was outlawed, +and his estates confiscated, in the reign of Elizabeth. Some record of how +this old lady's jointure was provided for might yet be discovered, and the +period of her decease thus ascertained. + +KERRIENSIS. + +_Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli_ (Vol. iii., p. 208.).--This +beautiful epigram, which C. R. H. has somewhat mutilated even in the two +lines which he gives of it, was written by Jerome Amaltheus, who died in +1574, the year in which Henry III. of France came to the throne; so that it +is unlikely at least that the "Amor" was meant for Mangirow, his "minion." +In the edition of the poems of the three brothers Amalthei, which I +possess, and which was printed at Amsterdam in 1689, the epigram runs-- + + "DE GEMELLIS FRATRE ET SORORE LUSCIS. + + "Lumine Acon, dextro, capta est Leonilla sinistro, + Et potis est forma vincere uterque Deos. + Blande puer, lumen, quod habes concede _puellę_, + Sic tu cęcus Amor, sic erit illa Venus." + +I have seen it thus translated: + + "One eye is closed to each in rayless night, + Yet each has beauty fit the gods to move, + Give, Acon, give to Leonill _thy_ light, + She will be Venus, and thou sightless Love." + +The relationship between the Duchess of Eboli and Mangirow I do not +remember. Were they brother and sister? or was she ever known as Leonilla? + +Among Jerome Amaltheus's other epigrams I find several about this "Acon;" +and one, entitled "De duabus Amicis," begins-- + + "Me _lętis Leonilla oculis_, me _Lydia torvis_ + Aspicit." + +The mistress of Philip II. (who here, by the by, seems to have recovered +her lost eye) would hardly have been the mistress of an Italian poet. + +H. A. B. + +Trin. Coll. Cam. + +"_Harry Parry, when will you marry_" (Vol. iii., p. 207.).--E. H. has +omitted the last line, which, however, is well known. May it not have the +same meaning as the lines in the "Marquis de Carabas" of Béranger: + + "Et tous vos tendrons, + Subiront l'honneur + Du droit du seigneur?" + +The nursery rhyme may have been sung to the young Baron to teach him his +feudal privileges, as the lines-- + + "Hot corn, baked pears, + Kick nigger down stairs," + +are used to inculcate the rights of a white man on the minds of infant +cotton planters in the Southern States. + +J. H. L. + +_Visions of Hell_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--In solving the Query propounded by +F. R. A. as to "whether Bunyan was the author of the _Visions_?" it is very +necessary that all the editions should be known of and collated. I have one +not yet referred to, styled _The Visions of John Bunyan, being his last +Remains, giving an Account of the Glories of Heaven, the Terrors of Hell, +and of the World to come_, London, printed and sold by J. Hollis, Shoemaker +Row, Blackfriars, pp. 103., with an address to the reader, subscribed "thy +soul's well-wisher, John Bunyan," without date. "Thomas Newby, of Epping, +Essex," is written in it; he might have been only the first owner of the +book, which was certainly published before the year 1828 or 20, but I +should say not much earlier. + +BLOWEN. + +{290} + +_"Laus tua non tua Fraus," &c._ (Vol. i., p. 416.). _Verse +Lyon._--Puttenham's _Arte of English Poesie_, published in 1589, contains +an earlier allusion to this epigram than any of those mentioned by your +correspondents at Vol. ii., p. 77., and assigns to Pope Alexander [Qy. VI.] +the doubtful honour of being the subject of it. The passage is at p. 11., +and is as follows:-- + + "Another of their pretie inuentions was to make a verse of such wordes + as lay their nature and manner of construction and situation might be + turned backward word by word, and make another perfit verse, but of + quite contrary sence, as the gibing monke that wrote of Pope Alexander + these two verses: + + 'Laus tua non tua fraus, virtue non copia rerum, + Scandere te faciunt hoc decus eximium:' + + which if ye will turne backward, they make two other good verses, but + of a contrary sence, thus: + + 'Eximium decus hoc faciunt te scandere, rerum + Copia, non virtus, fraus tua, non tua laus;' + + and they call it _Verse Lyon_." + +Query, Why? and where else is Verse Lyon alluded to? + +J. F. M. + + [Is not "_Verse Lyon_" Puttenham's translation of _Leonine Verse_?] + +_Passage from Cymbeline_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).-- + + "Some jay of Italy, + Whose mother was her _painting_, hath betrayed him."--Act III. Sc. 4. + +The word _painting_ (your correspondent's stumbling-block) evidently means +resemblance--resemblance of character, and as such exactly corresponds to +the German word _Ebenbild_, an image or painting, which is used in the same +sense; _e.g._ _Sie hat das Ebenbild ihres Mutters_, "She is the very image +of her mother." + +CRANMORE. + +Rue de Cerf, 6. Brussels. + +_Engraved Warming-pans_ (Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).--As an earlier instance +of this custom, it may be worth notice that I have one which was purchased +some years ago at the village of Whatcote in Warwickshire; it is engraved +with a dragon, and the date 1601. I think it probable that it originally +came from Compton Wyniatt, the ancient seat of the Earls [now Marquis] of +Northampton; the supporters of the Compton family being dragons, and +Whatcote being the next village to Compton Wyniatt. + +SPES. + +_Symbolism of the Fir-cone_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--The Fir-cone on the +Thyrsus--a practice very general throughout Greece, but which is very +prevalent at Athens, may perhaps, in some degree, account for the connexion +of the Fir-cone (surmounting the Thyrsus) with the worship of Bacchus. +Incisions are made in the fir-trees for the purpose of obtaining the +turpentine, which distils copiously from the wound. This juice is mixed +with the new wine in large quantities; the Greeks supposing that it would +be impossible to keep it any length of time without this mixture. The wine +has in consequence a very peculiar taste, but is by no means unpleasant +after a little use. This, as we learn from Plutarch, was an ancient custom +(_Sympos. Quęst._ iii. and iv. p. 528. edn. Wytten); the Athenians, +therefore, might naturally have placed the Fir-cone in the hands of +Bacchus. ("Lord Aberdeen's Journals," Appendix to Walpole's _Memoirs of +Turkey, &c._, vol. i. p. 605.) + +F. B. RELTON. + +_Dr. Robert Thomlinson_ (Vol. i., p. 350.).--The gentleman who is very +anxious for the communication of any matter illustrative of the life of the +doctor, his family, &c., will find considerable useful and interesting +information relating to him, his widow, and brother, by referring to the +under-mentioned _Reports from the Commissioners for inquiring concerning +Charities_: + +5th Report, pages 67. 69.; 23rd Report, pages 56. 450.; 31st Report, pages +754. 757. + +There is a slight allusion to the doctor in the _Returns of Corporate +Offices and Charitable Funds, &c._, p. 375. + +H. EDWARDS. + +_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 93.).--St. Thomas Aquinas refers the +practice of touching for the evil by French kings to _Clovis_. See a work +published in 1633, by Simon Favoul, entitled, _Du Pouvoir que les Rois de +France ont de guérir les Ecrouelles_; also a work by Du Laurens, entitled, +_De Mirabili Strumas sanandi vi, regibus Galliarum Christianis divinitus +concessa, libri duo_, Paris, 1609, in 8vo. + +Edward the Confessor is said to have been the first English king who +touched for the evil. Consequently the English can hardly be said to have +owed their supposed power to their pretensions to the crown of France. + +E. J. R. + + [We are indebted to MR. J. B. DITCHFIELD and MR. JOSEPH SULLEY for very + elaborate notices of the custom of the French kings touching for the + evil; but the principal facts contained in those communications have + already been laid before our readers by MR. COOPER (Vide No. 69. p. + 148. et seq.)] + +_Drax Free School_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--It appears by the will of Charles +Read, dated July 30, 1669, that that gentleman had at his own charge +erected a school-house at Drax, which he designed for a free school, and +for the habitation of a schoolmaster, to instruct the children of the +inhabitants of that parish gratis, to read, write, and cast accounts, and +in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, as occasion should require; and that he had +erected six almshouses at Drax, for six aged and impotent people at that +parish, and the lodgment of six poor boys; and for the support and +maintenance of the said school, master, alms people, and poor boys, he +directed his executors to lay out 2000l. in {291} the purchase of freehold +land of 120l. per annum in or near Drax, to be conveyed to trustees to let +such land at the best improved rent, for the purposes and uses mentioned in +his will; and he appointed the lord mayor and aldermen of York, visitors of +the school and almshouses. + +At the time of the inquiry by the charity commissioners, the estates +purchaser in pursuance of the directions of Mr. Read's will amounted to 391 +acres of land, let at 542l. per annum, and there was an accumulation of +stock of 12,700l. in the Three per Cents, the whole income being 924l. 9s. +6d. per annum. + +MR. DYSON will find a copious account of this school, &c., in the following +Reports of the Commissioners: XXI. p. 598.; XXXII. part 2d. p. 828.; and +the latter gives a full detail of proceedings in Chancery, and other +matters connected with the administration of the trust. + +HENRY EDWARDS. + +_Enigmatical Epitaph on the Rev. John Mawer_ (Vol. iii., pp. 184. +248.).--Perhaps it may be of service to J. H. to know that _Arthur +Llewellyn Tudor Kaye Mawer_, referred to by J. T. A., was a short time ago +an assistant bookseller at Oxford, and may be heard of by addressing a line +to Mr. Vincent, Herald Office, or Mr. Wheeler, bookseller, Oxford. + +NIBOR. + +_Treatise by Engelbert, Archbishop of Treves_ (Vol. i., p. 214.).--MR. +SANSON may probably find the information he desires in the reprint of +Bishop Cosin's _History of Popish Transubstantiation_, London, 1840, in +which the references are verified, and the quotations given in full length. + +T. J. + +_King John at Lincoln_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--There is no question of Matt. +Paris alluding here to the old prophecy which forbade a king's wearing his +crown in Lincoln, or, as some think, even entering the city. Although he +makes John the first to break through the superstition, yet the same is +attributed to his predecessor Stephen, who is described by H. Huntingdon as +entering the city fearlessly--"prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiosis." +This was after the great disasters of Stephen's reign; but as the +succession eventually departed from his line, Lord Lyttleton observes that +the citizens might nevertheless be strengthened in their credulity; and +Henry II. certainly humoured it so far as to wear his crown only in the +suburb of Wigford. John seems to have been very partial to the place, and +visited it repeatedly, as did many of his successors. Many parallel +superstitions might, no doubt, be gathered, as that of Oxford, and +Alexander the Great at Babylon, &c. + +B. + +Lincoln. + +_Haybands in Seals_ (Vol. iii., p. 186.).--In your paper for March 8. I +observe a Query by MR. M. A. LOWER respecting seals. It appears that MR. +LOWER has in his possession one or two seals, temp. Henry VII., which are +impressed on haybands, that is to say, the wax is encircled by a twisted +wisp of hay, or split straw; and, if I rightly understand MR. LOWER, no +device is apparent on the wax, but some ends of the hay or straw protrude +from the surface of it. Under these circumstances MR. LOWER states his +opinion that such seals belonged to medięval gentlemen who occupied their +time in fattening stock,--simply graziers. + +It may be interesting to some of your correspondents, and especially to MR. +LOWER, to know that a few seals, both pendent and impressed on the +parchment itself, within haybands, may be found of as early a date as the +reign of Edward II. From that time the fashion become very prevalent: in +the reigns of Richard II., Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI., and, indeed, +down to the period of Elizabeth, it was the common practice to secure the +wax impression in this manner. Almost all the impressions of the Privy Seal +of Henry V., called "the Eagle," are made on haybands. It is needless to +give further examples, as they must be well known to all antiquaries who +have studied the history of seals. It is not from the examination of a few +specimens of early seals that a general conclusion is to be rationally +drawn; and it is to be hoped that MR. LOWER may, even yet, be induced to +abandon his singular theory of graziers' seals. + +T. HUDSON TURNER. + +If your correspondents on this subject will refer to the first volume of +_Kalendars and Inventories of his Majesty's Exchequer_, published by the +Commissioners of Public Records, they will find in the Introduction, +written by Sir Francis Palgrave, at page cxlvii., a fac-simile +representation of a letter upon paper from James IV. of Scotland to Henry +VII., dated July 12, 1502, showing the seal encircled by a rush ring. At +page cxxxvii. it is stated that in the fifteenth century a rush ring +surrounding the fragile wax was not unfrequently used for the purpose of +preserving it. + +S. S. S. + +_Aver_ (Vol. iii., pp. 42. 157.).--Spelman, in his _Glossary_, derives +_averia_ from _averare_ pro laborare. _Averare_ he derives from the French +_ouvre_ and _ouvrage_, "vel potius a Latino _operare_, _o_ et _p_, ut +solent, in _a_ et _u_, conversis." "Hence," he says, "our ancestors called +beasts of burden _averia_, and the Scotch called them _avaria_." In +Northumberland, he elsewhere adds, "they call a lazy, sluggish horse 'a +faulse aver,' or 'afer.'" + +_Averum_ signified goods and chattels, and personal property in general, +and, in this sense, is derived from the French _avoir_. It also signified +the royal treasure, as appears from the following extract front the will of +Philip Augustus, sub anno {292} 1190. After directing his rents, services, +and oblations to be brought annually to Paris, he adds-- + + "In receptionibus averi nostri, Adam clericus noster presens erit, et + eas scribet, et singuli habeant singulas claves de singulis archis in + quibus reponetur averum nostrum in templo." + +The following story, which illustrates P.'s Query, is told by Blackstone:-- + + "Sir Thomas More (when a student on his travels) is said to have + puzzled a pragmatic professor at Bruges, who gave a universal challenge + to dispute with any person in any science: in omni scibili, et de + quolibet ente. Upon which Mr. More sent him this question, 'Utrum + averia carucę, capta in vetito namio, sint irreplegibilia, Whether + beasts of the plough, taken in withernam, are incapable of being + replevied:'" + +--a question likely enough to pose any man except an English lawyer. + +CUDYN GWYN. + +_Aver_ or _Aiver_ is a word in common use in the south of Scotland for a +_horse_. In Burns's poem entitled "The Dream," there is this couplet: + + "Yet aft a ragged cowte's been known + To mak a noble aiver." + +J. SS. + +_Aver_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--Your correspondents G. M. and D. 2. are at +cross purposes. The latter is unquestionably right in his opinion about +_haver cake_, _haver_ in that instance being the German _Hafer_, Sw. +_Havre_, &c., as held by Brockett (_North Country Words_) and Carr (_Craven +Glossary_). But _aver_, _averium_, on which G. M. descants, is altogether a +different word. As D. 2. requires the authority of a dictionary, allow me +to refer him to Lacombe, _Dictionnaire du vieux Langage Franēois_, where he +will find: + + "AVOIRS, animaux domestiques de la basse cour." + "AVERLANDS, marchand de chevaux." + +And in the second, or supplementary volume of the same work: + + "'AVERS,' bestiaux qui nantissent une ferme ą la campagne." + +See also Jamieson (_Scottish Dictionary_): + + "AVER, a cart-horse." + +A suggestion may also be gathered from Webster under AVERAGE. + +F. S. Q. + +In the _Chronicle of Jocelyn de Brakelond_, at p. 29. of Tomlins's +translation, mention is made of one Beodric, + + "Lord of that town, whose demesne lands are now in the demesne of the + Cellarer. And that which is now called _Averland_ was the land of the + rustics." + +Again, at p. 30.: + + The Cellarer was used freely to take all the dung-hills in every + street, for his own use, unless it were before the doors of those who + were holding _averland_; for to _them only_ was it allowable to collect + dung and to keep it." + +To this a note is appended to the effect that + + "Averland seems to have been ancient arable land so called, held by + rustic drudges and villans." + +At p. 29. the said Cellarer is stated + + To have _aver-peni_, to wit, for each thirty acres two pence."[8] + +Roquefort, in his _Glossaire de la Langue Romane_, gives _Aver_, from +_avoir_: "Bestiaux qui nantissent une ferme de campagne;" and _Avč_, "un +troupeau de brebis," from _ovis_. + +Raynouard, in the _Nouveau Choix des Poésies des Troubadours_, vol. ii., +which commences the _Lexique Roman_, derives "Aver" also from _Avoir_; to +signify possession generally I take it. 2dly, Troupeau, + + "E play mi quan li corredor + Fan las gens e 'ls _avers_ fugir." + ("Et il me plaīt quand les coureurs + Font fuir les gens et les troupeaux.") + + _Bertrand de Born, Be m Play._ + +Barbazan, in his short _Glossary_, derives the word from _Avarus_. + +H. C. C. + +[Footnote 8: "Averpenny was a sum paid as a composition for certain rustic +services."] + +I would inform D. 2. and others (Vol. iii., p. 42.) that _aver_, or +_haver-cake_, which he states to be the name applied in North Yorkshire to +the thin oat-cake in use there, is evidently derived from the Scandinavian +words, _Hafrar_, _Havre_, _Hafre_, oats. + +G. E. R. GORDON. + +Stockholm. + +"_The Sword Flamberg_" (Vol. iii., p. 168.)--AN ENGLISH MOTHER is informed +that "Flamberge," or "Floberge," is the name of the sword won in battle +from the Saracen admiral Anthenor by Mangis d'Aygremont, the hero of the +romance of that name. Ancient swords were frequently "flamboyant," or with +waved edges; more especially those used for purposes of state. The Dukes of +Burgundy bore a two-handed sword of this form. Indeed, "flaming swords," as +they were called, were worn down to the time of our Charles II., and +perhaps later. It is rather singular that the ordinary synonyma for a sword +should be "brand." The name of the weapon taken from King Bucar by the Cid +was "Tizona," or the Fire-brand. + +The flamboyant type may possibly be of Eastern origin. The krisses of the +Malays, at the present day have serpentine blades. + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + +_Cockade_ (Vol. iii., pp. 7. 196.).--The _cockade_ was simply the knot of +the riband that served to _cock_ the broad flapped hat worn by military men +in the seventeenth century, and which in fine weather, or going into +action, &c., they used to _cock_, by means of hooks, laces, and ribands. We +see still in the {293} cocked-hats of coachmen and beadles, the traces of +these old ligaments. Hence the phrase to _cock one's hat_. Let me add one +or two remarks on other points of dress arising out of old military habits. +In old times coats were of the shape we now call frocks, and _lined_ +throughout, generally with a different colour from the outside. When a +person in one of these coats was going about any active work, and +particularly into fight, he doubled back his sleeves, and folded back the +collar, which, being of a different colour, came to be what we now call the +_facings_ of military uniforms. The French, truer to their origin, still +call them the "_revers_." So also on such occasions the broad skirts of the +frock coat used to be hooked back not to impede the movements of the lower +limbs, and thence the swallow tails of military uniforms. So also the high +jack-boots, that covered the knees, used, in walking, to be turned down, +and the inside being of a lighter colour, gave the idea of what are called +_top-boots_. + +C. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +In the belief that the time has arrived when the history of our national +architecture must be reconsidered, with a view to a revision of the classes +or periods into which it has hitherto been divided, Mr. Sharpe has just put +forth a handsomely illustrated volume, under the title of _The Seven +Periods of English Architecture defined and illustrated_. Mr. Sharpe's +proposal is, that these seven periods should be thus formed:--three +belonging to the division _Romanesque_, under the titles of Saxon, Norman, +and Transitional Periods; and the remaining four to the _Gothic_, viz. the +Lancet, Geometrical, Curvilinear, and Rectangular Periods. We must, of +course, refer our readers who desire to know the principles upon which Mr. +Sharpe proposes this great change to the work itself, which is plain and to +the purpose. + +Mr. Bohn some time since became the purchaser of a large number of the +copper-plates of Gillray's _Caricatures_. Having had impressions taken, and +arranged them in one large volume, he sought the assistance of Mr. Wright, +who had just then published his _History of the House of Hanover, +illustrated by Caricatures_, and Mr. R. H. Evans, the well-known +bibliopole, towards an anecdotical catalogue of the works of this clever +satirist: and the result of the labours of these gentlemen has just been +published under the title of _Historical and Descriptive Account of the +Caricatures of James Gillray, comprising a Political and Humorous History +of the latter Part of the Reign of George III._ The volume will be found +not only an interesting key to Mr. Bohn's edition of Gillray, and a guide +to those who may be making a separate collection of his works, but a +pleasant illustration of the wit and satire which lashed the politicians +and amused the public + + "In the old time when George the Third was king." + +Those who know the value of those historical researches which Sir F. +Palgrave has already given to the world, will be glad to hear that the +first volume of his _History of Normandy and of England_ will probably be +published before the close of the present month. In this first volume, +which is described in the advertisement as containing the general relations +of Medięval Europe, the Carlovingian Empire, and the Danish Expeditions +into Gaul, we understand the learned author has treated those expeditions +at considerable length, and enters very fully into that of the decline of +the Carlovingian Empire,--a portion of the work as important, as it is in a +great measure new, to the English reader. Not the least valuable part of +the book will be Sir Francis Palgrave's account of the nature and character +of the Continental Chronicles, which form the substratum of his work, but +which, existing only in the great collections of Duchesne, Bouquet, Pertz, +&c., are generally very imperfectly known to English students. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell, on Monday next, a collection of +very rare and interesting Autograph Letters, more particularly illustrative +of the period of the Civil Wars. On the same day they will also commence a +Four-days' Sale of valuable Books, and Books of Engravings, chiefly from +the library of a gentleman deceased, including the original edition of +Stuart and Revett's _Athens_, a copy of Merian's _Topographia Germanię_ +containing nearly one thousand engravings, and many other works of high +character. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Boswell's Life of Johnson, Illustrated_, vol. i. This is +the first volume of the _National Illustrated Library_, which the +projectors describe "as an endeavour to bestow upon half-crown volumes for +the _many_ the same typographical accuracy, and the same artistic ability, +hitherto almost exclusively devoted to high-priced books for the _few_." In +choosing _Boswell's Johnson_ for their first work, the projectors have +shown excellent judgment; and we are bound to add that the book is not only +well selected, but neatly printed, and illustrated with a number of +excellent woodcuts.--_Illustrations of Medieval Costume in England, &c._, +Part II. This second part deserves the same praise for cheapness as its +predecessor.--_The Cape and the Kafirs_, the new volume of Bohn's cheap +series, is a well-timed reprint of Mrs. Ward's _Five Years in Kafirland_, +with some little alteration and abridgment, and the addition of some +information for intending emigrants, from information supplied by published +official reports. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. XX. of +Books Old and New; T. Kerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of +Books lately bought; W. S. 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A letter of thanks and an_ +intention of future subscription _has almost invariably been the result." +We are sure that this hint will not be lost upon our friends._ + +P. _will find his communication on_ Averia _inserted in_ No. 69. p. 157. + +S. H. H. _Received, and will be taken care of._ + +COMETS AND ECLIPSES. _We are requested by our valued correspondent_ C. _to +say that his Reply_, p. 253., _should have been headed_ Eclipses, _and was +intended to refer to the list of_ Eclipses (_not Comets_) _in the work to +which he refers. He was probably led into this slip of the pen by the +manner in which_ S. P. O. R. _had, in_ No. 73. p. 223. _mixed up Comets and +Eclipses in the same Query._ + +JARLTZBERG _has our best thanks. We receive his friendly suggestions in the +spirit in which they are offered; and will, as far as practicable, attend +to them. We trust he will receive in the same spirit our explanation, that +the delay in inserting his communications arises chiefly from the +difficulty in deciphering them. Our correspondents little know how greatly +editorial labours are increased by this apparently trifling cause._ + +E. T. C. _Our correspondent will find, on referring to our First Vol._, p. +445., _that the so-called French original of_ "Not a drum was heard," _is +only a clever literary hoax from the pen of Father Prout, which first +appeared in_ Bentley's Miscellany. + +J. B. C. _A proof of the Sovereign of 1820; and if in very good condition, +would perhaps sell for Two or Three Pounds._ + +LLEWELLYN. _Will this correspondent favour us with his address, that we may +forward a communication which we have received for him?_ + +ACHE _is requested to say how a communication may reach him._ + +F. R. 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ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + +Of whom may be had, uniformly printed and edited, + +1. The AJAX of SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. 3s. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for April contains, among other articles:--The +Character of Charles II. by Peter Cunningham, Esq., F.S.A., being Chapter +IV. of the History of Nell Gwyn.--Unpublished Poems of Alex. Gill.--The +Dukes of Guise.--Chalcondyles and the English.--Bishop Stanley--Original +Letter of Pres. John Adams.--Saint Francis and the Franciscans.--The Bell +of Saint Patrick.--Totnes Castle (with a Plate).--Anecdotes of the +Protectorate, by Dr. H. Sampson.--Ancient Scottish Seals (with several +Engravings).--Mr. Macaulay and Penn.--With Notes of the Month, Review of +New Publications, Reports of Antiquarian Societies. Historical Chronicle, +and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Marquess of Northampton, Countess of +Charleville, Lord Berners, Lord Bexley, Sir F. Lawley, Sir Wm. Owen Barlow, +Sir John Tobin, Charles Spence, Esq., Q.C., James Sedgwick, Esq., Joanna +Baillie, Rev. A. Brandram, Rev. H. H. Norris, and other eminent persons +recently deceased. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS and SON, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +STOCK of THEOLOGICAL BOOKS of Messrs. IVES and SWAN, late of +Paternoster-Row; an authentic Portrait of William Huntington; Baily on +Annuities, 207 Copies, &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 76, April 12, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26896] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 273 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page273"></a>{273}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 76.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 12. 1851.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Could Shakespeare have designated Cleopatra "Yond ribald-rid Nag + of Egypt?" by S. W. Singer</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page273">273</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Browne's Britannia's Pastorals, by C. Forbes</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page274">274</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Notes:—"In the Sweat of thy Brow"—Anecdote of + Old Times—Foreign + English—Britannicus—Honeymoon—Fees at Westminster + Abbey—Turning the Tables</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page275">275</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Authors of the Rolliad—Pursuits of Literature, by Dawson + Turner</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page276">276</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Account of a large ancient Wood-engraving</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page277">277</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Queries:—Viaggi di Enrico Wanton—Gloucester + Alarm—Where is Criston, co. Somerset?—"There was a Maid + of Westmoreland"—Anthony Bridges—Barlaam and + Josaphat—"Stick At Nothing"—"Ejusdem + Farinę"—Batail—The Knights of Malta—General + Pardons—"Too wise to err"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page277">277</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Thomas May</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page279">279</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Duchess of Buckingham</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page280">280</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>San Grail</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page281">281</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Frozen Horn</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bab at the Bowster</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Oliver Cromwell and his Dealings with the Devil</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page282">282</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Replies to Minor Queries:—Gig Hill—Epigram against + Burke—Engraved Portrait—Salgado's + Slaughter-house—Mathew's Mediterranean Passage—The Mitre + and the "Cloven Tongues"—Slums—"God's Acre"—Wages + in the last Century—Tradesmen's Signs—Standfast's Cordial + Comforts, &c.—St. Pancras—Lines on Woman's + Will—Scandal against Queen Elizabeth—Coggeshall + Job—Whale caught at Greenwich before the Death of + Cromwell—Fronte Capillatā, &c.—John Sanderson, or the + Cushion-dance—George Steevens and William + Stevens—Tradescant—Origin of + Harlequins—"Predeceased" and "Designed"—"Quadrijugis + invectus equis," &c.—St. John's Bridge + Fair—Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe—Lord Howard + of Effingham—Separation of the Sexes in Church—Vox Populi + Vox Dei—Mazer Wood—Traditions from remote Periods through + few Hands—Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli—"Harry + Parry, when will you marry?"—Visions of Hell—"Laus tua + non tua Fraus," &c.—Passage from Cymbeline—Engraved + Warming-pans—Symbolism of the Fir-cone—Dr. Robert + Thomlinson—Touching for the Evil—Drax Free School, + &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page283">283</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page293">293</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page293">293</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page294">294</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page294">294</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>COULD SHAKESPEARE HAVE DESIGNATED CLEOPATRA +"YOND RIBALD-RID NAG OF EGYPT?"</h3> + + <p>To judge of this question fairly, it will be necessary to cite the + passage in which it occurs, as it stands in the folio, Act III. Sc. 8., + somewhat at large.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Eno.</i> Naught, naught, all naught! I can behold no longer;</p> + <p>Th' Antoniad, the Egyptian admiral,</p> + <p>With all their sixty, fly, and turn the rudder;</p> + <p>To see't, mine eyes are blasted.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Enter</i> <span class="sc">Scarus</span>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Scar.</i> Gods and goddesses, all the whole synod of them!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Eno.</i> What's the passion?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Scar.</i> The greater cantle of the world is lost</p> + <p>With very ignorance; we have kiss'd away</p> + <p>Kingdoms and provinces.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Eno.</i> How appears the fight?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Scar.</i> On our side like the token'd pestilence,</p> + <p>Where death is sure. Yond <i>ribaudred Nagge</i> of Egypt,</p> + <p>Whom leprosy o'ertake, i' the midst o' the fight</p> + <p>When vantage like a pair of twins appear'd,</p> + <p>Both as the same, or rather ours the elder,</p> + <p>The Breeze upon her, like a cow in June,</p> + <p>Hoists sail and flies.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Eno.</i> That I beheld:</p> + <p>Mine eyes did sicken at the sight, and could not</p> + <p>Endure a further view.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Scar.</i> She once being loof'd,</p> + <p>The noble ruin of her magick, Antony,</p> + <p>Claps on his sea-wing, and, like a doting mallard,</p> + <p>Leaving the fight in height, flies after her;</p> + <p>I never saw an action of such shame;</p> + <p>Experience, manhood, honour, ne'er before</p> + <p>Did violate so itself.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Eno.</i> Alack, alack!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The notes in the variorum edition begin by one from Johnson, in which + he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The word is in the old edition <i>ribaudred</i>, which I do not + understand, but mention it in hopes that others may raise some happy + conjecture."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Then Steevens, after having told us that a <i>ribald</i> is a <i>lewd + fellow</i>, says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Ribaudred</i>, the old reading, is I believe no more than a + corruption. Shakspeare, who is not always very nice about his + versification, might have written,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Yon <i>ribald-rid</i> nag of Egypt'—</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>i.e.</i> Yon strumpet, who is common to every wanton fellow."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Malone approves Steevens's <i>ribald-rid</i>, but adds,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"By <i>ribald</i>, Scarus, I think, means the lewd Antony in + particular, not <i>every</i> lewd fellow."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 274 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page274"></a>{274}</span></p> + + <p>Tyrwhitt saw the necessity of reading <i>hag</i> instead of + <i>nag</i>, and says what follows seems to prove it:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"She once being loof'd,</p> + <p>The noble ruin of her magick, Antony,</p> + <p>Claps on his sea-wing."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is obvious that the poet would not have made Scarus speak of Antony + as the noble ruin of Cleopatra's magick, and of his manhood and honour, + and in the same breath designate him as a ribald. He would be much more + likely to apply the epithet <i>lewd hag</i> to such an enchantress as + Cleopatra, than that of <i>ribald-rid nag</i>, which I feel convinced + never entered the imagination of the poet.</p> + + <p>Imperfect acquaintance with our older language has been too frequently + the weak point of the commentators; and we see here our eminent + lexicographer confessing his ignorance of a word which the dictionaries + of the poet's age would have enabled him readily to explain. For although + we have not the participle <i>ribaudred</i>, which may be peculiar to the + poet, in Baret's <i>Alvearie</i> we find "<i>Ribaudrie</i>, vilanie in + actes or wordes, filthiness, uncleanness"—"A <i>ribaudrous</i> and + filthie tongue, os obscœnum et impudicum:" in Minsheu, + <i>ribaudrie</i> and <i>ribauldrie</i>, which is the prevailing + orthography of the word, and indicates its sound and derivation from the + French, rather than from the Italian <i>ribalderia</i>.</p> + + <p>That <i>nagge</i> is a misprint for <i>hagge</i>, will be evident from + the circumstance, that in the first folio we have a similar error in the + <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, Act IV. Sc. 2., where instead of "you + witch, you <i>hagge</i>," it is misprinted "you witch, you <i>ragge</i>." + It is observable that <i>hagge</i> is the form in which the word is most + frequently found in the folios, and it is the epithet the poet applies to + a witch or enchantress.</p> + + <p>I cannot, therefore, but consider the alteration of the text by + Steevens as one of the most violent and uncalled-for innovations of which + he has been guilty; and he himself seems to have had his misgivings, for + his observation that Shakspeare "is not always very nice about his + versification" was meant as an apology for marring its harmony by the + substitution of <i>ribald-rid</i> for the poet's own + <i>ribaudred</i>.</p> + + <p>It is to me a matter of surprise that Mr. Collier and Mr. Knight, in + their laudable zeal for adherence as closely as possible to the old + copies, should not have perceived the injury done both to the sense and + harmony of the passage by this unwarrantable substitution.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BROWNE'S BRITANNIA'S PASTORALS.</h3> + + <p>I have lately been amusing myself by reading the small volume with + this title published in Clarke's <i>Cabinet Series</i>, 1845.</p> + + <p>Among the many pleasing passages that I met with in its pages, + <i>two</i> in particular struck me as being remarkable for their beauty; + but I find that neither of them is cited by either Ellis or Campbell. + (See Ellis, <i>Specimens of the Early English Poets</i>, 4th edition, + corrected, 1811; and the Campbell, <i>Specimens of the British Poets</i>, + 1819.)</p> + + <p>Indeed Campbell says of Browne:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"His poetry is not without beauty; but it is the beauty of mere + landscape and allegory, without the manners and passions that constitute + human interest."—Vol. iii. p. 323.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Qualified by some such expression as—<i>too + often—generally—in almost every instance</i>,—the last + clause might have passed,—standing as it does, it appears to me to + give anything but a fair idea of the poetry of the <i>Pastorals</i>. My + two favourites are the "Description of Night"—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Now great Hyperion left his golden throne," &c.,</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>(consisting of twenty-six lines)—book ii. song 1. (Clarke, p. + 186.) and the "Lament of the Little Shepherd for his friend + Philocel"—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"With that the little shepherd left his task," &c.,</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>(forty-four lines)—book ii. song 4. (Clarke, p. 278.)</p> + + <p>If you will allow me to quote a short extract from each passage, it + may enable the reader to see how far I am justified in protesting against + Campbell's criticism; and I will then try to support the pretensions of + the last, by showing that much of the very same imagery that it contains + is to be found in other writings of acknowledged merit:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="scac">I. FROM THE "DESCRIPTION OF NIGHT."</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And as Night's chariot through the air was driven,</p> + <p>Clamour grew dumb, unheard was shepherd's song,</p> + <p>And silence girt the woods: no warbling tongue</p> + <p>Talk'd to the echo; satyrs broke their dance,</p> + <p>And all the upper world lay in a trance.</p> + <p>Only the curlėd streams soft chidings kept,</p> + <p>And little gales that from the green leaf swept</p> + <p>Dry summer's dust, in fearful whisp'rings stirr'd,</p> + <p>As loath to waken any singing bird."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="scac">II. FROM THE "LAMENT OF THE LITTLE SHEPHERD."</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"See! yonder hill where he was wont to sit,</p> + <p>A cloud doth keep the golden sun from it,</p> + <p>And for his seat, (as teaching us) hath made</p> + <p>A mourning covering with a scowling shade.</p> + <p>The dew in every flower, this morn, hath lain,</p> + <p>Longer than it was wont, this side the plain,</p> + <p>Belike they mean, since my best friend must die,</p> + <p>To shed their silver drops as he goes by.</p> + <p>Not all this day here, nor in coming hither,</p> + <p>Heard I the sweet birds tune their songs together,</p> + <p>Except one nightingale in yonder dell</p> + <p>Sigh'd a sad elegy for Philocel.</p> + <p>Near whom a wood-dove kept no small ado,</p> + <p>To bid me, in her language, '<i>Do so too</i>'—</p> + <p>The wether's bell, that leads our flock around,</p> + <p>Yields, as methinks, this day a deader sound.</p> +<!-- Page 275 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page275"></a>{275}</span> + <p>The little sparrows which in hedges creep,</p> + <p>Ere I was up did seem to bid me weep.</p> + <p>If these do so, can I have feeling less,</p> + <p>That am more apt to take and to express?</p> + <p>No—let my own tunes be the mandrake's groan,</p> + <p>If now they tend to mirth when all have none."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Both these passages may have been quoted by some of Campbell's + predecessors. This might justify him in not repeating them, but + <i>not</i> in writing the criticism to which I have ventured to object. + His work holds a high rank in English literature—it is taken as a + text-book by <i>the generality of readers</i>; for which reasons I think + that every dictum it lays down ought to be examined with more than usual + care and attention.</p> + + <p>Compare with different parts of the "Lament:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves,</p> + <p>Dewy with nature's tear drops, as they pass,</p> + <p>Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves,</p> + <p>Over the unreturning brave,—alas!</p> + <p>Ere evening to be trodden like the grass," &c.—<i>Childe Harold</i>, Canto iii. St. 27.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The morning of the day on which the farmer was to be buried, was + rendered remarkable by the uncommon denseness of an autumnal fog. To Mrs. + Mason's eye, it threw a gloom over the face of nature; nor, when it + gradually yielded to the influence of the sun, and slowly retiring from + the valley, hung, as if rolled into masses, mid-way upon the mountains, + did the changes thus produced excite any admiration. Still, wherever she + looked, all seemed to wear the aspect of sadness. As she passed from + Morrison's to the house of mourning, the shocks of yellow corn, spangled + with dewdrops, appeared to her to stand as mementos of the vanity of + human hopes, and the inutility of human labours. The cattle, as they went + forth to pasture, lowing as they went, seemed as if lamenting that the + hand which fed them was at rest; and even the Robin-red-breast, whose + cheerful notes she had so often listened to with pleasure, now seemed to + send forth a song of sorrow, expressive of dejection and woe."—Miss + Hamilton's <i>Cottagers of Glenburnie</i>, chap. xii.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Temple.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p>"<i>In the Sweat of thy Brow</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 374.).—To the + scriptural misquotation referred to, you may add another:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the sweat of thy <i>brow</i> shalt thou eat bread."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The true text reads,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the sweat of thy <i>face</i> shalt thou eat bread."—Gen. + iii. 19.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The misquotation is so common, that a reference to a concordance is + necessary for proving to many persons that it is not a scripture + phrase.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Gallatly.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[In the Wickliffite Bible lately published by the University of + Oxford, the words are, "swoot of thi cheer <i>or face</i>," and in some + MSS. "cheer <i>ether bodi</i>."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Anecdotes of Old Times</i> (Vol. iii., p. 143.).—A friend of + mine has furnished me with the following particulars, which may, perhaps, + be interesting to A. A.</p> + + <p>When the aunt of my friend married and began housekeeping, there were + only two tea-kettles besides her own in the town of Knighton, + Radnorshire. The clergyman of the parish forbad the use of tea in his + family; but his sister kept a small tea service in the drawer of the + table by which she sat at work in the afternoon, and secretly made + herself a cup of tea at four o'clock, gently closing the drawer if she + heard her brother approach. This clergyman's daughter died, at an + advanced age, in 1850.</p> + + <p>My friend's mother (who was born a year or two before the battle of + Culloden), having occasion to visit London while living at Ludlow, went + by the waggon, at that time the only public conveyance on that road. A + friend of her's wished to place her daughter at a school in Worcester, + and as she kept no carriage, and was unable to ride on horseback, then + the usual mode of travelling, she <i>walked</i> from her residence in + Knighton to Ludlow, and thence to Worcester, accompanied by her daughter, + who rode at a gentle pace beside her.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wedsecnarf.</span></p> + + <p><i>Foreign English.</i>—The following handbill is a specimen of + German English, and is stuck up among other notices in the inn at + Rastadt:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +<p class="cenhead">"ADVICE OF AN HOTEL.</p> + + <p>"The underwritten has the honour of informing the public that he has + made the acquisition of the hotel to the Savage, well situated in the + middle of this city. He shall endeavour to do all duties which gentlemen + travellers can justly expect; and invites them to please to convince + themselves of it by their kind lodgings at his house.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Basil Jr. Singisem.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Before the tenant of the Hotel to the Stork in this city."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen.</span></p> + + <p><i>Britannicus.</i>—I gather the following anecdote from the + chapter "Paper Wars of the Civil Wars" in Disraeli's <i>Quarrels of + Authors</i>. Sir John (Birkenhead) is the representative of the + <i>Mercurius Aulicus</i>, the Court Gazette; Needham, of a Parliamentary + <i>Diurnal</i>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir John never condescends formally to reply to Needham, for which he + gives this singular reason: 'As for this libeller, we are still resolved + to take no notice, till we find him able to spell his own name, which to + this hour <span class="sc">Britannicus</span> never did.' In the next + number of Needham, who had always written it <i>Brittanicus</i>, the + correction was silently adopted."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A similar error occurs on the shilling and six-penny pieces of George + III., circa 1817 (those <!-- Page 276 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page276"></a>{276}</span>most frequently met with in the present + circulation), whilst the cotemporary crowns and half-crowns have the + correct orthography.</p> + + <p class="author">R. W. C.</p> + + <p><i>Honeymoon.</i>—Among my memoranda I find that, on January 31, + 1845, an accomplished Welsh lady said to me, that the common expression + "Honeymoon" was "probably derived from the old practice in Wales of + drinking <i>methčglin</i> for thirty days after the marriage of a bride + and bridegroom. A <i>methčglin</i> jollification for thirty days among + the relatives and friends of the newly married pair." The + <i>methčglin</i> is a fermented liquor, of some potency, made from honey. + The lady asked me, at the same time, if <i>honey</i> was used by the + ancient Greeks or Romans in the preparation of a fermented liquor. I said + that I recollected no such use of honey among them, but that the ancient + Greeks seemed to have brewed a <i>beer</i> of some kind from barley or + other grain, as allusion was made to it by Aristophanes. Perhaps this + notice of the "honeymoon" may draw forth some information from your + correspondents who are learned in "folk lore." In the Old Testament there + are many passages alluding to the use of honey, but none of them appear + to indicate its having been employed in making a fermented beverage. + Lucretius alludes to the practice of enticing children to swallow + disagreeable medicine by anointing the edge of the cup with honey.</p> + + <p class="author">G. F. G.</p> + + <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p> + + <p><i>Fees at Westminster Abbey.</i>—The custom of taking fees at + Westminster Abbey is of very ancient date, and was always unpopular. + Shirley alludes to it in his pleasant comedy called <i>The Bird in a + Cage</i>, when Bonomico, a mountebank, observes—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"I talk as glib,</p> + <p>Methinks, as he that <i>farms the monuments</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The dean and chapter, however, in those days were more moderate in + their demands, for the price of admission was but one penny to the + whole.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This grant was made to the chapter in 1597, on condition that, + receiving the benefit of the exhibition of the monuments, they should + keep the same monuments always clean," &c.—See <i>Reply from + the Dean and Chapter to an Order of the House of Commons</i>, 1827.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen.</span></p> + + <p><i>Turning the Tables.</i>—In Bingley's <i>Useful Knowledge</i>, + under the head of <span class="sc">Maple</span>, I chanced to hit upon + the following the other day:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"By the Romans maple wood, when knotted and veined, was highly prized + for furniture. When boards large enough for constructing tables were + found, the extravagance of purchasers was incredible: to such an extent + was it carried, that when a Roman accused his wife of expending his money + on pearls, jewels, or similar costly trifles, she used to retort, and + turn the tables on her husband. Hence our expression of 'turning the + tables.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your kind contributors supply a better derivation?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">Ω</span>. <span class="grk">Φ</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD—PURSUITS OF +LITERATURE.</h3> + + <p>I cannot doubt but that many of your readers feel with me under great + obligations to your very able and obliging correspondents, <span + class="sc">Lord Braybrooke</span> and <span class="sc">Mr. + Markland</span>, for the information afforded us upon the subject of the + writers of the Rolliad. And, though not many of them are, probably, + sufficiently old to remember as I do—if not the actual publication + of that work, yet, at least, the excitement produced by its + appearance—I apprehend that the greater number are aware that it + really did produce a great sensation; and that, as with the <i>Letters of + Junius</i> before it, and the <i>Pursuits of Literature</i> subsequently, + public curiosity for a long time busied itself in every direction to + detect the able and daring authors. With this impression, I have been not + a little surprised to find, since the notice of the work in your pages, + that I have failed in tracing any account of it in the two books to which + I naturally turned, the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> and Nichols' + <i>Literary Anecdotes</i>. Very thankful therefore should I be if any of + our correspondents would direct my inquiries to a better channel, and + particularly if they would guide me to information respecting the + authors,—for here I am completely at fault. I allude more + especially to Richardson, Tickell, and General Fitzpatrick; who, I doubt + not, were men of such notoriety and standing in their day, that "not to + know them, argues myself unknown." And yet, humiliating as is this + acknowledgment, it is far better to make it than to remain in ignorance; + for the case can surely not be one "where ignorance is bliss," and where, + consequently, "'tis folly to be wise."</p> + + <p>I need hardly beg it to be understood, that, in grouping together the + <i>Rolliad</i>, the <i>Pursuits of Literature</i>, and <i>Junius' + Letters</i>, I by no means intended to place them upon an equality; and + here I may inform your correspondent S. T. D. (what a pity that you do + not require every one to give his name at length!) that the fact of Mr. + Matthias being the author of the second of these works was scarcely made + a secret by his family after he went to Italy. Indeed, for some time + previously, it was well known to myself from what passed at this house, + where he was a frequent visitor, and where I should at any time be happy + to give S. T. D. ocular demonstration of it, by the production of the + letters addressed to the <!-- Page 277 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page277"></a>{277}</span>"Anonymous Author of the <i>Pursuits of + Literature</i>," accompanied in some cases with his own answers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Dawson Turner.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Yarmouth, April 1. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ACCOUNT OF A LARGE ANCIENT WOOD-ENGRAVING.</h3> + + <p>Perhaps some of your readers may be able to give me information + regarding a large and very elaborate woodcut, which has been many years + in my possession, and obviously has been used as the fly-leaf of some + folio volume, though, of course not originally intended for such a + purpose. It is so complicated, that I fear I shall have some difficulty + in explaining it, and my explanation may require more space than you may + be willing to afford me. You can, however, insert my Query at any time + when you have room to spare.</p> + + <p>The size of the engraving, is 16 inches by 13, and it is divided into + two large oblong circles, and a centre; a story being carried on, clearly + allegorically, from the outer circle to the second, and from the second + to the centre. I will speak of each, beginning with the outer, which is + entered by a portico, consisting of two columns and a round arch; on the + base of one of the columns is a monogran of the artist or of the + engraver, formed of the letters R. D. Under the arch is seated a lady + richly attired, who holds a large cup and cover in her left hand, and + around her are fourteen naked children, to one of which she seems + tendering the chalice; while a bearded old man, with a scroll, is + directing attention to what is going on in the outer circle. Passing + under this portico we see, immediately behind it, six ladies, three + religious and three secular; while to the right of the three secular + ladies is a naked, winged female figure, with her foot on a sphere, a + large goblet in her right hand, and some objects that look like fetters + in her left hand. To the right of this figure are many others of both + sexes, but nearer the spectator, some tranquil and some in despair; + while, within a sort of pavilion, we see a young lady and an old + gentleman banquetting, and in another compartment in bed. Still farther + to the right of the winged figure are persons who appear to be escaping + from torments, while a young man in rags is making his way towards a + person in a religious habit, who has a scourge in his hand; behind these + are two persons under a miserable thatched shed, while a lady is pointing + out to a young man what is to be observed in the second circle.</p> + + <p>This division is entered by another gate consisting of two square + ornamental columns supporting a low gable, beneath which a lady, with a + cross on the cape of her dress, is receiving a young man. The persons in + this circle are very variously employed: on the right of the spectator + are rocks with one man climbing up them, and another fallen headlong: on + the left are five persons, male and female, engaged in singing and + playing, and near them two men performing military music on a drum and + fife; to their right are groups of philosophers and men of science with + spheres, astrolabes, books, compasses, &c., and one wearing a laurel + crown with a scroll in his hand, probably a poet.</p> + + <p>We then come to the centre, or inner circle, which is entered by a + wooden gate of the simplest construction, and under it is a religious + lady with a young erect female on her right hand, and a supplicating + male, in tattered garments, on her left. Beyond these are six females, + variously clad, some with flowing hair, some in close caps, and others + with <i>nebulę</i> round their heads. A little to the right of these is a + throned lady, with a crown of peculiar construction on her head, and a + sceptre in her hand, before whom kneels a female figure, upon whose brows + the throned lady is about to place a coronet. Behind the throne is what + appears to be a conventual building of rather singular appearance, with + round, square, and octagon towers, and surrounded by a battlemented wall. + Considerably to the right of the throned lady is a figure clearly + intended for some booted king wearing a crown and a collar of esses: on + one side of him is a severe looking dame, fully clad and with flowing + hair; and on the other a younger lady, also with flowing hair, and with + her bosom bare.</p> + + <p>Such is the woodcut regarding which I request some intelligence from + your readers, as I have shown it to several persons, who I thought could + enlighten me, but who could afford me no satisfaction. I suspect, from + the costumes and the edificies, that it is German; and I ought to have + mentioned that each circle is separated from the others by a low stone + wall running all around, and that trees, hills, and fountains are not + sparingly introduced. In the whole, it includes nearly a hundred figures + of men, women, and children.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">The Hermit of Holyport</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Viaggi di Enrico Wanton.</i>—A fiction, upon the same plan as + <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>, describing the visit of two Europeans to + communities of monkeys and cynocephali, and written by a Venetian named + Zaccaria Seriman, was printed at Venice in 1749, and again in 1764. A + third citation, with the title-page <i>Delli Viaggi de Enrico Wanton alle + Terre Australi, nuova Edizione</i>, was printed in London in 1772, + "presso Tommaso Brewman Stampatore in Wych Street, Temple Bar," in 4 + vols. 8vo. This edition is dedicated to George III. by "L'umilissimo e + fedelissimo suddito, Enrico Wanton." Can any of your correspondents + explain how this work <!-- Page 278 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page278"></a>{278}</span>(which is of no great literary merit) came + to be reprinted in England, and dedicated to the king?</p> + + <p>A notice of Seriman's life may be found in the <i>Biographie + Universelle</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Gloucester Alarm.</i>—In the archives of Lyme Regis is this + entry:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Town Accompt Book.</i></p> + + <p>"1661. For the four soldiers and drummers for service on the + Gloucester alarm and candles, 10<i>s.</i> 0<i>d.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What was the "Gloucester alarm?"</p> + + <p class="author">G. R.</p> + + <p><i>Where is Criston, County Somerset?</i>—Mr. Vaughan, a young + man who was to have joined the Duke of Monmouth, was of that house or + place.</p> + + <p class="author">G. R.</p> + + <p>"<i>There was a Maid of Westmoreland.</i>"—"Some fifty summers + past," I was in the habit of hearing sung a simple ballad, which + commenced—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There was a maid of Westmoreland,</p> + <p>Who built her house upon the sand:"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and the conclusion of which was, that, however desolate and exposed a + situation that might be for her dwelling, it was better than in "the + haunts of men." This was said to have been written by the late Mr. Thomas + Sheridan. I never heard by whom the music to it, which was very pretty, + was composed; nor whether or not it was published.</p> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents supply the words of this old ballad, + and state the name of the composer of the music to it? Also whether it + was published, and, if so, by whom?</p> + + <p class="author">E. H.</p> + + <p><i>Anthony Bridges.</i>—In the Hampshire Visitation of 1622, + Harl. MS. 1544. fo. 25., appears the marriage of Barbara, second daughter + of Sir Richard Pexsall, of Beaurepaire, in co. Southampton, by Ellinor + his wife, daughter of William Pawlett, Marquis of Winchester, to "Anthony + Bridges." That Sir Richard Pexsall died in 1571, is the only clue I have + to the date of the match.</p> + + <p>Query, Who was this Anthony Bridges, and did he leave issue?</p> + + <p>Is it possible that this is the identical Anthony, third surviving son + of Sir John Bridges, first Baron Chandos of Sudeley, respecting whose + fate there is so much uncertainty? He is presumed to have married a + daughter of Fortescue of Essex, but the collateral evidence on which the + supposition is founded is too slight to be satisfactory. Little is known + but that he was born before 1532; that he was living in 1584 (in which + year he was presented to the living of Meysey Hampton in Gloucestershire, + the county in which he resided); and that he had a son Robert, upon a + presumed descent from whom the late Sir Egerton Brydges founded his + well-known claim to the barony of Chandos of Sudeley.</p> + + <p class="author">O. C.</p> + + <p><i>Barlaam and Josaphat</i> (Vol. iii., p. 135.).—I was much + interested in <span class="sc">Mr. Stephens'</span> remarks on the Rev. + W. Adams's beautiful allegory, and would be glad to know from him, or + some other of your learned correspondents, <i>what English translations + there are</i> of this "spiritual romance in Greek;" where I may find an + account or notice of the work, or get a copy of it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jarltzberg</span>.</p> + + <p>"<i>Stick at Nothing.</i>"—The expression "stop at nothing" + occurs in the following couplet in Dryden's <i>Aurengzebe</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The world is made for the bold impious man,</p> + <p>Who <i>stops at nothing</i>, seizes all he can."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And Pope, in one of his letters, has the expression "stick at + nothing," where he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The three chief qualifications of party-writers are, to <i>stick at + nothing</i>, to delight in flinging dirt, and to slander in the dark by + guess."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of the word "stick" + in the sense in which it is used by Pope; and how it came to supplant + altogether the more intelligible word "stop," as employed by Dryden?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia, January, 1851.</p> + + <p>"<i>Ejusdem Farinę.</i>"—Your readers are acquainted with the + expression "ejusdem farinę," and the derogatory sense in which it is + employed to describe things or characters of the same calibre. It was in + common use among clerical disputants after the Reformation; and Leland + has it in the following remarks respecting certain fabulous + interpolations in the <i>Black Book</i> at Cambridge:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Centum sunt ibi, pręterea, ejusdem farinę fabulę."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have no doubt, however, that the origin of the expression may be + traced to the scholastic doctors and casuists of the Middle Ages.</p> + + <p>Will any of your correspondents be good enough to explain the + circumstances which gave rise to the adoption of "farina" as a term + expressive of baseness and disparagement?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia, January, 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Batail.</i>—Favine, in his <i>Theatre of Honour</i> (b. ii. + c. 13), in speaking of a bell at Menda, says of the clapper of a bell, + that "it is a <i>Bataill</i> in Armes." Was this word ever introduced + into English heraldry? The only instances of bells in English arms that I + can discover in the books to which I have access at present are in the + coats of Bell, Porter, Osney, and Richbell.</p> + + <p class="author">H. N. E.</p> + + <p><i>The Knights of Malta.</i>—On the stone corbels which support + the roof of one of the aisles of a church in my neighbourhood, there are + carved the armorial badges of persons who are supposed to have + contributed to the building of the church, which was erected in the + thirteenth century. On one of the corbels (the nearest to the altar, and + therefore in the most honourable place) there is a lamb bearing a flag. + The lamb has a nimbus <!-- Page 279 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page279"></a>{279}</span>round its head, and the staff of the flag + terminates in a cross like the head of a processional cross. The device, + I have reason to think, was the badge of the knights of the order of + Saint John of Jerusalem, who had a preceptory in this neighbourhood + during the thirteenth century. In the history of these knights, first of + Jerusalem, then of Rhodes, and afterwards of Malta, I find it stated, + that in the year 1130 Pope Innocent II. commanded that the standard of + the knights (at that time settled at Jerusalem) should be "gules, a full + cross argent."</p> + + <p>Will any of your correspondents be so kind as to inform me if the + device on the corbel was the badge of the knights of the order of St. + John of Jerusalem? and if so, at what time they first assumed it?</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>General Pardons.</i>—Has any example of a general pardon + under the great seal been ever printed at length? particularly any of + those granted after the restoration of Charles II.?</p> + + <p class="author">J. G. N.</p> + + <p>"<i>Too wise to err.</i>"—You will oblige many of your readers + if you will inform them from whence the words</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Too wise to err, too good to be unkind,"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>are quoted.</p> + + <p class="author">T. W. A.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>THOMAS MAY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 167.)</p> + + <p>Thomas May, famous amongst the busy characters of his age, both as a + politician and a poet, was the eldest son of Sir Thos. May, Knt., of + Mayfield, in Sussex, where he was born in 1595. At the usual period of + life, he was admitted a fellow-commoner of Sidney Sussex College, + Cambridge; and having taken the degree of B.A. he entered himself at + Gray's Inn, with the intention of studying the law, which, however, it is + uncertain whether he ever pursued as a profession. Whilst he was a + student of the law, he made the acquaintance of Edward Hyde, afterwards + Earl of Clarendon; and became the intimate associate of Ben Jonson, + Selden, Cotton, Sir K. Digby, Thos. Carew<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, "and some others of eminent + faculties in their several ways."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"His parts of nature and art," writes Clarendon<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, in describing his character, "were + very good, as appears by his translation of Lucan (none of the easiest + work of that kind), and more by his Supplement to Lucan, which being + entirely his own, for the learning, the wit, and the language, may be + well looked upon as one of the best epic poems in the English + language."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>As an elegant writer, indeed, of Latin verse, he is justly numbered + amongst the most successful of the accomplished poets of our + nation—Ben Jonson, Cowley, Milton, Marvell, Crashaw, Addison, Gray, + Smart, T. Warton, Sir W. Jones, &c.—who have devoted their + leisure to this species of composition. Clarendon goes on to say that May + was "born to a fortune, if his father had not spent it; so that he had + only an annuity left him, not proportionable to a liberal education:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Yet since," continues this illustrious authority, "his fortune could + not raise his mind, he brought his mind down to his fortune, by a great + modesty and humility in his nature, which was not affected, but very well + became an imperfection in his speech, which was a great mortification to + him, and kept him from entering upon any discourse but in the company of + his very friends," of whom he had not a few, for "he was cherished by + many persons of honour, and very acceptable in all places."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>From Charles I., no mean judge of poetry, and a liberal patron of the + Muses, May received much encouragement, and many substantial marks of + favour in the shape of donatives; and it was at the express command of + this monarch that he wrote his historical poem entitled <i>The Victorious + Reigne of Edward III.</i> From disgust, however, at the appointment of + D'Avenant to the Laureateship, on the death of Jonson in 1637,—a + post to which, according to what he considered to be his own superior + deserts<a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>, he + was himself justly entitled,—"May fell from his duty, and all his + former friends," and became an active agent in promoting the designs of + the so-called popular leaders. Through the interest of Cromwell, he was + nominated Secretary to the Parliament, in which capacity he wrote a + History of its transactions, a work which was published in 1647. This + performance, which is highly commended by Granger, rendered its author + extremely obnoxious to the royal party, who exercised all their powers of + pen to disparage both the book and its compiler. He is represented by + Clarendon, for instance, "as prostituting himself to the vile office of + celebrating the infamous acts of those who were in rebellion against the + king; which he did so meanly, that he seemed to all men to have lost his + wits, when he left his honesty." Anthony ą Wood's account<a + name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> of these + matters, and of May himself, is that</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He was graciously countenanced by K. Charles I. and his royal + consort; but he, finding not that preferment from either which he + expected, grew discontented, sided with the Presbyterians, and, upon the + <!-- Page 280 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page280"></a>{280}</span>turn of the times, became a debauchee + <i>ad omnia</i>; entertained ill principles as to religion, spoke often + very slightly of the Trinity, kept beastly and atheistical company, of + whom Thos. Challoner, the regicide, was one, and endeavoured to his power + to asperse and invalidate the king and his cause."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>His acquaintance with Challoner is also alluded to by Aubrey who + says<a name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>, "that + his translation of Lucan's excellent poem, made him in love with the + republique." Aubrey adds, he was—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A handsome man, debauched, and lodged in the little square by Cannon + Row, as you go through the alley."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Clarendon concludes his notice of May by observing that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Shortly after the publication of his parliamentary history he died, + miserable and neglected, and deserves to be forgotten."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The fact is, he was found dead in his bed in Nov. 1650; but that he + was "neglected" is not altogether correct. At any rate, he was honoured + with a public funeral, a marble monument, and a laudatory epitaph in + Westminster Abbey,—short-lived dignities! for, at the Restoration, + the memorial of his fame was torn down, whilst his body was exhumed, and, + after being treated with much ignominy, hurled into a large pit in St. + Margaret's churchyard adjoining.—Besides the works above noticed, + May also wrote <i>The Description of Henry II.</i>, in verse, with <i>A + Short Survey of the Changes of his Reign</i>, and <i>The Single and + Comparative Character of Henry and Richard his Sons</i>, in prose. Nor + was that of Lucan his only translation, for he rendered into English + verse <i>Virgil's Georgics</i> and <i>Selected Epigrams of Martial</i>. + He was also the author of five dramas, two of which are given in + Dodsley's <i>Old Plays</i>. A now forgotten critic, Henry Headley, B.A., + of Norwich, observes concerning his historical poetics, that + May—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Has caught no small portion of the energy and declamatory spirit + which characterises the Roman poet, whom, as he translated, he insensibly + made his model. His battle pieces," our critic continues, "highly merit + being brought forward to notice; they possess the requisites, in a + remarkable degree, for interesting the feelings of an Englishman. While + in accuracy they vie with a gazette, they are managed with such + dexterity, as to busy the mind with unceasing agitation, with scenes + highly diversified and impassioned by striking character, minute + incident, and alarming situation."<a name="footnotetag6" + href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In confirmation of the general propriety and justness of these + remarks, I would refer to the description of "The Den of the Vices" (H. + <span class="scac">II</span>. b. i.), and to the accounts of "The Death + of Rosamond" (H. <span class="scac">II</span>. b. v.), "The Battle of + Cressy" (E. <span class="scac">III</span>. b. iii.), and "The Capture of + Mortimer" (E. <span class="scac">III</span>. b. i.). These pieces can + only be thus vindicated, being much too long for extracting; but I think + a republication of the entire poems would be an acceptable boon to the + public.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p><i>The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, &c.</i>, Oxf. 1827.</p> + + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>The same.</p> + + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>Southey calls May "the very able competitor of D'Avenant," and + describes him as "a man so honourably known by his translation of Lucan, + and his Supplement to that poet, that it were to be wished he were + remembered for nothing else."—<i>Biog. Sketches.</i></p> + + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p><i>Athenę Oxon.</i> Bliss's edit.</p> + + <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a + href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + <p>In MSS. Ashmol., as quoted in <i>Biog. Britann.</i>, from which, and + Chalmer's <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, the dates, and such of the facts above + given, not otherwise authenticated, are <i>principally</i> derived.</p> + + <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a + href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + <p><i>Biographical Sketches,</i> Lond., 12mo. 1787.</p> + +</div> + <p>Although May's version of Cato's soliloquy is immeasurably below + Addison's, I am inclined to agree with J. H. L., that, on comparing them, + it is more than probable, Addison had May's description of Cato's death + in his mind at the same time he penned the justly celebrated soliloquy in + the 5th Act of his <i>Cato</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. B. Price.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cow Cross.</p> + + <p><i>Thomas May, the author of the Supplement to Lucan</i> (Vol. iii., + p. 167), was the secretary and historian of the Long Parliament. He was + born at Mayfield in 1595; took the degree of B.A. at Sydney-Sussex + College, Cambridge, and afterwards entered Gray's Inn, but devoted + himself to literature. He translated Virgil's <i>Georgics</i>, Selected + Epigrams of Martial, and in 1627 Lucan's <i>Pharsalia</i>; to the latter, + in 1630, he supplied an English continuation of his own in seven books; + intituled, <i> A Continuation of the Subject of Lucan's Historical Poem + till the Death of Julius Cęsar</i>. It was dedicated to Charles. He + afterwards published at Leyden a Latin translation of the seven + additional books; this was added to the Amsterdam and other editions of + Lucan, and has established May's fame as a classic scholar. Andrew + Marvell, who saw only an apology for the doings of the tyrannical + parliament in the continuation of Lucan's poem, calls May—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Most servile wit, and mercenary pen,</p> + <p>Polydore, Lucan, Allan, Vandal, Goth.</p> + <p>Malignant poet and historian both.</p> + <p>Go seek the novice statesmen and obtrude</p> + <p>On them some Roman cast similitude."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>He died suddenly in the night of 13th Nov., 1650, his death being + attributed by Marvell to a little too much indulgence in wine.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"As one pot drunk into the packet-boat,</p> + <p>Tom May was hurry'd hence, and did not know't."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Durrant Cooper.</span></p> + + <p class="address">81. Guilford Street.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We are also indebted to <span class="sc">Balliolensis</span> and + other correspondents for general replies to this Query; and to W. S. + (Richmond) for a reference to Baron Maseres' account of him prefixed to + his edition of May's <i>History of the Long Parliament.</i>]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>DUCHESS OF BUCKINGHAM.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol iii., pp. 224, 249.)</p> + + <p>P. C. S. S. believes that a reference to almost any Peerage or work on + British genealogy, would <!-- Page 281 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page281"></a>{281}</span>have saved Mr. <span class="sc">F. B. + Relton</span> the trouble of addressing the inquiry at Vol. iii., p. 224. + Katherine Sedley, daughter of Sir Charles Sedley, commemorated in + Johnson's line—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And Sedley cursed the form that pleased a king"—</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>was created Countess of Dorchester by James II., and subsequently + married David Collyer, first Earl of Pontmore in Scotland. She died in + 1692, having had by King James a natural daughter, to whom, by royal + warrant, that monarch gave the rank and precedence of a duke's daughter; + she was styled Lady Catherine Darnley, and married first, in October + 1699, James, third Earl of Anglesey, from whom, on account of alleged + cruelty on his part, she was separated by act of parliament in the + following year. The earl died in 1701, and his widow married, secondly, + in 1705, John Sheffield, first Duke of Normanby and Buckingham. She died + on the 13th of March, 1743, and was interred with almost regal pomp in + Westminster Abbey. By her <i>first</i> husband (the Earl of Anglesey) she + had an only daughter, the Lady Catherine Annesley, married to Mr. William + Phipps, father of the first Lord Mulgrave, and, consequently, + great-grandfather of the present Marquis of Normanby, who on his recent + elevation to that dignity, has, it appears, preferred to take one of the + ducal titles of a nobleman from whom he does <i>not</i> descend, and of + whose blood there does not flow a single drop in his veins, to the just + assumption of the title of one from whom he <i>does</i> descend, and + whose sole representative he undoubtedly is.</p> + + <p>Of the Duchess of Buckingham's inordinate pride, there are some + curious stories in Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann (<i>sub anno</i> + 1743). But perhaps the most remarkable instance of it is to be found in a + periodical paper called the <i>British Champion</i>, which was published + at that time, and which is now not commonly to be met. In the No. for + April 7, 1743, there is the following anecdote:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I have been informed that a lady of high rank, finding her end + approaching, and feeling very uneasy apprehensions of this sort, came at + length to a resolution of sending for a clergyman, of whom she had heard + a very good character, in order to be satisfied as to some doubts. The + first question she asked was whether in heaven (for she made no doubt of + going thither) some respect would not be had to a woman of such birth and + breeding? The good man, for such he really was, endeavoured to show her + the weakness of this notion, and to convince her that there was, where + she was going, no acceptance of persons, and much more to the same + purpose. This the poor lady heard with much attention, and then said with + a sigh, 'Well, if it be so, this heaven must be, after all, a strange + sort of a place!'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>P. C. S. S. is unwilling to believe this painful story—the more + so, as it must be recollected that the author of the paper was an + inveterate Whig, and the Duchess (jure paterno) as inveterate a + Jacobite.</p> + + <p class="author">P. C. S. S.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SAN GRAIL.</h3> + + <p>Sir Walter Scott, in his <i>Marmion</i> (Introduction to Canto First), + writes of Sir Lancelot of the Lake, that—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"A sinful man and unconfessed,</p> + <p>He took the Sangreal's holy quest,</p> + <p>And slumbering saw the vision high</p> + <p>He might not view with waking eye."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In his note on this passage, he refers to the romance of the Morte + Arthur, and says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"One day when Arthur was holding a high feast with his Knights of the + Round Table, the Sangreal, a vessel out of which the last Passover was + eaten (a precious relic, which had long remained concealed from human + eyes, because of the sins of the land), suddenly appeared to him and all + his chivalry. The consequence of this vision was that all the knights + took on them a solemn vow to seek the Sangreal."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The orthography of the word in the romance itself is + <i>Sancgreall</i>, which affords us a clue to what I believe to be its + true etymology, <i>Sang réel</i> (Sanguis realis), a name it derived from + the tradition of its having been employed, not only to hold the paschal + lamb at the Last Supper, but also by Joseph of Arimathea to catch the + blood and water which flowed from the wounds of our Blessed Lord.</p> + + <p>Archdeacon Nares, in his <i>Glossary</i>, pp. 209. 445., enters + largely into the legendary history of the Sangreal, as well as the + question of its orthography. He takes some pains to refute the etymology + given above, and quotes Roquefort (<i>Dict. de la Langue Romane</i>) to + prove that graal or <i>greal</i> signifies <i>a broad open dish</i>. Will + any one who has the means of consulting Roquefort inform us, whether he + brings forward any instance of the existence of such a word in this + sense? or, if so employed, whether such use may not have arisen from the + ordinary erroneous orthography? It is a question well worth + investigation, which I hope may call some abler pens than mine into + exercise.</p> + + <p>This holy relic, the object of so much fruitless search to Arthur and + his knights, is now safely deposited in the cathedral of Genoa, where + all, holy or unholy, may behold it, on making the accustomed offering to + its sanctity. Of old, it concealed itself from the eyes of all but those + free from mortal sin; but now, the ability to pay five francs puts one in + possession of every Christian virtue, and the <i>Sacro Catino</i> (as it + is called) is exhibited on the payment of that sum. In addition to the + authorities quoted by Nares, I would refer to Sir F. Palgrave, in + <i>Murray's Handbook to Northern Italy</i>, 1st edition, p. 105.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sa. Ca.</span></p> + +<p><!-- Page 282 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page282"></a>{282}</span></p> + + <p><i>The St. Graal</i> (Vol. iii. p. 224.).—Your correspondent + W. M. K. will find the subject of "the Sangreal's holy quest" treated in + the late Mr. Price's elaborate preface to Warton's <i>History of English + Poetry</i> (ed. 1840), p. 53; also an account of the MS. at C. C. C., + Cambridge, in the same work, vol. i. p. 149.; and a reference to Walter + Map's translation of the Latin romance of St. Graal into French, vol. ii. + p. 416. See also Sismondi, <i>Lit. of the South of Europe</i> (Bohn, + 1846), vol. i. p. 197., and note.</p> + + <p class="author">H. G. T.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE FROZEN HORN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 262. Vol. iii., p. 25.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent J. M. G. quotes <i>Hudibras</i>, p. i. c. i. l. + 147.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Where truth in person does appear,</p> + <p>Like words congeal'd in northern air."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Zachary Grey does <i>not</i>, in his note, refer to Mandeville, but he + says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"See an explication of this passage, and a merry account of words + freezing in Nova Zembla, <i>Tatler,</i> No. 254.; and Rabelais' account + of the bloody fight of the Arimasphians and Nephelebites upon the + confines of the Frozen Sea (vol. iv. c. 56. p. 229., Ozell's edit. 1737). + To which Mr. John Done probably refers, in his panegyric upon T. Coryat, + and his Crudities:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'It's not that French which made his giants see,</p> + <p>Those uncouth islands, where words frozen be,</p> + <p>Till by the thaw next year they've voice again."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. B. H.</p> + + <p class="address">Manchester.</p> + + <p>J. M. G. quotes Sir John Mandeville for the story of the congealed + words falling like hail from the rigging of his ship in the Arctic + regions. I do not remember the passage, but there is one almost identical + in Rabelais' <i>Pantagruel</i>, lib. iv. ch. lv., headed—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Comment en haulte mer Pantagruel ouļt diverses parolles + desgelées."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the notes to Bohn's translation it is said:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Rabelais has borrowed these from the <i>Courtisan</i> of Balthasar de + Castillon, of which a French translation was printed in 1539, and from + the <i>Apologues</i> of Cęlius Caleagnnius of Ferrara, published in + 1544."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Temple.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BAB AT THE BOWSTER.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 517.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Mac</span> is mistaken when he + says that no words are used in the Scottish dance of "Bab at the + Bowster:" I have myself "babbed at the Bowster" within the last few + years. Upon that occasion the words sung by the company while dancing + round the individual bearing the "bowster" were—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Wha learn'd you to dance,</p> + <p class="i1">You to dance, you to dance,</p> + <p>Wha learn'd you to dance</p> + <p class="i1">Bab at the bowster brawly?"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>To which the "bowster-bearer" replies—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"My mither learned me to dance,</p> + <p class="i1">Me to dance, me to dance,</p> + <p>My mither learned me to dance</p> + <p class="i1">Bab at the bowster brawly."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>After which, throwing down the "bowster" or cushion before one of the + opposite sex, they both kneel upon it, and kiss one another + <i>affectionately</i>.</p> + + <p>I never heard any words save the above; but a friend from a + neighbouring county (Dumbartonshire) informs me, that with them it is + sometimes changed into</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Wha gi'ed you the keys to keep,</p> + <p class="i1">The keys to keep," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>There are also other variations which I believe I can procure, should + they be desired by <span class="sc">Mac</span> or others. I should + perhaps mention, for the benefit of Southrons, that almost all + untravelled Scotchmen in conversation use the verb <i>to learn</i> in + place of the verb <i>to teach</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">Y.</p> + + <p class="address">Glasgow.</p> + + <p>The dance in Scotland called "Bab at the Bowster" is always the + winding up at "kirns" and other merrymakings, and is most likely similar + to the cushion-dance. The tune to which it is danced has words belonging + to it. The beginning lines are—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There's braw yill,</p> + <p>Down at the mill,</p> + <p>Bab at the bowster," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">L. M. M. R.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>OLIVER CROMWELL AND HIS DEALINGS WITH THE DEVIL.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 207.)</p> + + <p>Among the papers of an old personal friend and correspondent of the + "Sylvanus Urban" of his day,—a clergyman of the good old school, + who died a quarter of a century ago, aged eighty-six, I find the + inclosed. It may possibly lead to the further elucidation of one of the + Notes of B. B. It is unfortunate that no date is attached to it, nor any + intimation of its history. Its owner was the intimate friend of Bennet, + Bishop of Cloyne, of Dr. Farmer, of Burgess, Bishop of St. David's + (afterwards Salisbury), and other eminent divines of his time.</p> + + <p>With this MS. was inclosed another, in more modern writing; but, from + the orthography, copied from an older paper, headed "Private Amours of + Oliver Cromwell." It is very short, and also without date. It is at your + service if desired.</p> + + <p class="author">S. H. H.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 283 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page283"></a>{283}</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">A NARRATIVE CONCERNING CROMWELL'S DEALINGS WITH THE D——L</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"On y<sup>e</sup> 3d of Sept., in y<sup>e</sup> morning, Cromwell took + Colonel Lindsey, his intimate friend, and first Capt. of his regiment, to + a wood side not far from y<sup>e</sup> army, and bid him alight and + follow him into that wood, & take particular notice of what he saw + & heard.</p> + + <p>"After they had both alighted & secured their horses, & walked + some small way into the wood, Lindsey began to turn pale, & to be + seiz'd with horrour, from some unknown cause; upon wch Cromwell askt him + how he did, or how he felt himself. He answered, that he was in such a + trembling & consternation that he never felt y<sup>e</sup> like in + all y<sup>e</sup> conflicts and battles he had been engaged in: But + wether it proceeded from the gloomyness of y<sup>e</sup> place, or + y<sup>e</sup> temperament of his body, he knew not. 'How now?' said + Cromwell. 'What! trowbled with vapours? Come forward, man.' They had not + gon above 20 yards before Lindsey on a sudden stood still and cry'd out, + by all that's good he was seized with such unaccountable terrours & + astonishment that it was impossible for him to stir one step further. + Upon which Cromwell call'd him faint-hearted fool, & bid him stand + there & observe or be witness: and then advancing to some distance + from him, he met with a grave elderly man, with a roll of parchment in + his hand, who deliver'd it to Cromwell, who eagerly perused it. Lindsey, + a little recover'd from his fear, heard severall loud words betwixt them: + particularly Cromwell said, 'This is but for seven year. I was to have it + for 21, and it must and shall be so.' The other told him positively it + could not be for above seven; upon which Cromwell cry'd with a great + fierceness, it shd be, however, for 14 year; but the other person plorily + declared it could not possibly be for any longer time: and if he woud not + take it so, there was others that woud accept of it: Upon which Cromwell + at last took y<sup>e</sup> parchment, and returning to Lindsey with great + joy in his countenance, he cry'd, 'Now, Lindsey, the battle's our own: I + long to be engag'd.' Returning out of the wood, they rode to + y<sup>e</sup> army. Cromwell with a resolution to engage as soon as + possible, & y<sup>e</sup> other with a design of leaving + y<sup>e</sup> army as soon. After y<sup>e</sup> first charge Lindsey + deserted his post, and rode away with all possible speed, day and night, + till he came into y<sup>e</sup> county of Norfolk, to y<sup>e</sup> house + of an intimate friend, and minister of that parish: Cromwell, as soon as + he mist him, sent all ways after him, with a promise of a great reward to + any that w'd bring him alive or dead.</p> + + <p>"Thus far y<sup>e</sup> narrative of Lindsey himself; but something + further is to be remembered to complete & confirm y<sup>e</sup> + story.</p> + + <p>"When Mr. Thorowgood saw his friend Lindsey come into his yard, his + horse and himself just tired, in a sort of amaze he said, 'How, now, + Colonel; we hear there is like to be a battle shortly. What! fled from + your colours?' 'A battle!' said y<sup>e</sup> other; 'yes, there has bin + a battle, and I am sure y<sup>e</sup> King is beaten. If ever I strike a + stroke for Cromwell again, may I perish eternally, for I am sure he has + made a league with y<sup>e</sup> Devil, and he will have him in due + time.' Then, desiring his protection from Cromwell's inquisitors, he went + in & related y<sup>e</sup> whole story, and all the circumstances, + concluding with these remarkable words, That Cromwell w'd certainly die + that day seven year that the battle was fought.</p> + + <p>"The strangeness of his relation caused Mr. Thorowgood to order his + son John, then about 12 years of age, to write it in full length in his + common place book, & to take it from Lindsey's own mouth. This common + place book, and likewise y<sup>e</sup> same story writen in other books, + I am sure is still preserv'd in y<sup>e</sup> family of y<sup>e</sup> + Thorowgoods: But how far Lindsey is to be believed, & how far + y<sup>e</sup> story is to be accounted incredible, is left to + y<sup>e</sup> reader's faith and judgment, & not to any determination + of our own."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Gig Hill</i> (Vol. iii., p. 222.).—Perhaps your correspondent + is mistaken in saying that "there is no indication of anything in the + land to warrant the name." At least, the very fact of its being a hill is + suspicious. If I could venture to affront you with a pun, I should say, + that it seems to me very natural that the <i>top</i> of a hill should + look like a <i>gig</i>. Mercy on us! do words wear out so fast? Why, I + have not reached three-score, and did not I "whip my gig" when I was an + "infant"?—not an infant born in a remote province, sucking in + archaism with my mother's milk, playing with heirloom toys, and calling + them by obsolete names, but a smart little cockney, born and bred in the + parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, where, no doubt, there were gig-whipping + brats plenty. In the crowded state of your columns, you would not thank + me for enlarging on the top-<i>hic</i>, or I should really feel disposed + to enter into a dissertation on the nature and characteristic differences + of whipping-tops, humming-tops, peg-tops, and gigs. As to the latter, it + certainly occurs to me, now that the question is raised, that I have not + seen such a thing for a long time; though I fancy <i>gigs</i> lying in + the shop-windows, as they did at a period when I was more likely to + observe them; and if they have become so far forgotten, it may be worth + while, for the sake of Shakspeare, to say that they were generally (as + far as I remember always) made of horn; and therefore, when Holofernes + says "Go, whip thy gig" (which means just the same as Mr. Oldbuck's "Sew + your sampler, monkey!"), Moth replies, "Lend me your <i>horn</i> to make + one, and I will whip about your infamy <i>circum circa</i>; a gig of a + cuckold's horn!" It is enough to add that the gig was made of the tip of + the horn, and looked, while spinning, like an inverted extinguisher. It + was hollow, but my impression is that there was sometimes lead at the + bottom of the inside. Even with the ballast, it was a ticklish, volatile, + kickety thing, much more difficult to set up and to keep up than the + sober whipping-top, and bearing somewhat the same relation to one in bulk + and motion, <!-- Page 284 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page284"></a>{284}</span>that a ship's gig may do to herself, or a + gig on land to a coach. As to Gig Hill, however, unless it has a conical + top, some other explanation must be sought.</p> + + <p class="author">N. B.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[C., E. H., and numerous other correspondents, have also kindly + replied to this Query.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Epigram against Burke</i> (Vol. iii., P. 243.).—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oft have I heard that ne'er on Irish ground,</p> + <p>A poisonous reptile ever yet was found;</p> + <p>Nature, though slow, will yet complete her work,</p> + <p>She has saved her venom to create a Burke."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The author of these lines was Warren Hastings himself; his private + secretary (Mr. Evans) sat by his side during the trial, and saw him write + the above. My authority is a niece of Mr. Evans, who formed one of her + uncle's family at the period of the trial.</p> + + <p class="author">N. M.</p> + + <p><i>Engraved Portrait</i> (Vol. iii., p. 209.).—This is the + portrait of Samuel Clarke, the ejected minister of Bennet Fink, London. I + have three impressions of this engraving now before me. Two of these are + in an illustrated Granger, and are in different states, the earlier one + having no shading in the background. The third copy is prefixed + to—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A Collection of the Lives of Ten Eminent Divines, Famous in their + Generations for Learning, Prudence, Piety, and painfuless in the work of + the Ministry, &c. By Sa. Clarke, Preacher of the Gospel in St. Bennet + Fink, London, 1662." 4to.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Very likely the same plate had been previously used for some other of + Clarke's numerous publications. At the end of the verses beneath the + portrait, my copies have "P.V.A.M. <i>fecit</i>," which, I suppose, are + the initials of Peter Vinke.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John I. Dredge</span>.</p> + + <p>A full and interesting account of this worthy divine is given in + <i>Granger</i>, vol. v. p. 73.; and the quatrain will be found annexed to + a brief account of the same portrait in Ames's <i>English Heads</i>, p. + 43.</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. Y.</p> + + <p><i>Salgado's Slaughter-house</i> (Vol. ii., p. 358.).—Your + correspondent asks, Who was Salgado? and his question has not yet, I + believe, been answered. James Salgado, whose name does not appear in any + biographical dictionary, though it deserves to do, and whose pieces are + unnoticed in Peck's Catalogue, though they should certainly not have been + omitted, was a Spanish priest, who renounced the Roman Catholic belief, + and was imprisoned by the Inquisition, and after undergoing many + sufferings made his escape to England in the latter part of the reign of + Charles II. His history is contained in <i>An Account of his Life and + Sufferings</i>, in a 4to. tract in my possession, entitled, <i>A + Confession of Faith of James Salgado, a Spaniard, and sometimes a Priest + in the Church of Rome</i>, London, 1681, 4to. Watt and Lowndes both + notice some of his pieces, but their lists are very imperfect, and do not + comprise the tract, of which your correspondent gives the title, and + which is also in my possession, and several others which I have noted in + my copy of my <i>Confession</i>, but which it is perhaps unnecessary to + enumerate here.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Mathew's (not Ma</i>tt<i>hew's) Mediterranean Passage</i> (Vol. + iii., p. 240.).—I have a copy of this work, and shall have pleasure + in forwarding it to <span class="sc">Mercurii</span> for perusal, if he + will address a note to me, which the publisher of "<span class="sc">Notes + and Queries</span>" will forward.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nibor</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Oxford, March 29. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>The Mitre and the "Cloven Tongues"</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 146.).—My attention has just been directed to the remark of your + correspondent L. M. M. R., who adduces the miracle of the "cloven tongues + as of fire" as having supplied the form of the mitre.</p> + + <p>This is an old explanation; but your correspondent does not appear to + be aware that "cloven" has been rejected by high classical authority, as + not being a correct interpretation of the word <span + title="diamerizomenai" class="grk" + >διαμεριζόμεναι</span>. + The exact translation is, "And tongues as of fire appeared, being + distributed to them." The same verb is used in the passage, "They + <i>parted</i> my garments among them,"—parted or + distributed—the exact equivalent.</p> + + <p>It appears to me that the translators have here made an extraordinary + blunder. They have, I think, mistaken <span title="diamźrizō" class="grk" + >διαμηρίζω</span> for <span + title="diamerizō" class="grk" + >διαμερίζω</span>. For + the peculiar meaning of the former verb I beg to refer those who have not + observed it, to Liddell and Scott's <i>Lexicon</i>. The substitution of a + letter here (<span class="grk">η</span> for <span + class="grk">ε</span>) would give to the Scripture term a + significance, which, though analogous to that of the current translation, + is immeasurably distant from the exact interpretation.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hughes Frazer Halle</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Chudleigh, March 24. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Slums</i> (Vol. iii., p. 224.).—This word is, I take it, an + Americanism, being an abbreviation of <i>settlements</i>.</p> + + <p>The <i>back settlements</i> and <i>back slums</i> are used + synonymously.</p> + + <p class="author">D. Q.</p> + + <p>"<i>God's Acre</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 56.).—On looking back to some + of your old numbers I find W. H. K. has never been answered with regard + to the above application of the term to churchyards. Longfellow + (Liverpool edition, 1850, p. 36.) commences one of his poems thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls</p> + <p class="i1">The burial-ground <i>God's Acre</i>. It is just;</p> + <p>It consecrates each grave within its walls,</p> + <p class="i1">And breathes a benison o'er the sleeping dust."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Whether this may be any help to W. H. K., I know not, but I cannot + refrain from the Query—What is the Saxon phrase alluded to?</p> + + <p class="author">W. H. P.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 285 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page285"></a>{285}</span></p> + + <p><i>Wages in the last Century</i> (Vol. iii., p. 143.).—I have a + note on this subject which is at A. A.'s service, extracted from the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for May 1732, vol. ii p. 771.:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Wages</span> (<span class="sc">Yearly</span>) + appointed by the Justices, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1732, to be + taken by the Servants in the County of Kent.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<table class="nobctr"> +<tr><td colspan="2" align="right"><i>£</i></td><td align="right"><i>s.</i></td><td align="right"><i>d.</i> </td></tr> +<tr><td>Head Ploughman, Waggoner, or Seedsman</td><td align="right">8</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>His Mate</td><td align="right">4</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Best Woman Servant</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Second Sort</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Second Ploughman</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>His Mate</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Labourers by the Day, in Summer</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">2 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Ditto, in Winter</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center"><i>County of Gloucester.</i> </td></tr> +<tr><td>Head Servant in Husbandry</td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Second Servant</td><td align="right">4</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Driving Boy under 14 Years</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Head Maid Servant in Dairy, and Cook</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right"> 10</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Second Maid Servant</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Mower in Hay Harvest, without Drink,<br /> per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">2 </td></tr> +<tr><td>With Drink, per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Mower and Reaper in Corn Harvest, with<br /> Diet, per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Other Day labourer, from Corn to Hay<br /> Harvest, with Drink only, per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">8 </td></tr> +<tr><td>With Diet, per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">4 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Without Diet or Drink, per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right"> 10 </td></tr> +<tr><td>Carpenter, Wheelwright, and Mason, without<br /> Drink, per Day</td><td align="right"> 0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">2 </td></tr> +<tr><td>With Drink, per Day</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0."</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>I send the note as I have it in my commonplace book; but I should + think that the periodical from which the above is extracted, contains + much that would suit A. A.'s purpose.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Martham, Norfolk.</p> + + <p><i>Tradesmen's Signs</i> (Vol. iii., p. 224.).—The + <i>projecting</i> signs over tradesmen's shop-doors were removed under + the London Paving Act, 6 Geo. III. c. 26. s. 17. In the <i>Percy History + of London</i>, i. 179., the act is erroneously said to have been passed + in 1762. From Malcolm's <i>Anecdotes of London</i>, pp. 468, 469., it + seems that the clause in question was inserted in the act in consequence + of inquiries by a committee appointed by the Court of Common Council in + 1764. <i>Mr. Peter Cunningham</i>, in the "London Occurrences" prefixed + to his <i>Handbook for London</i>, says: "1766. The house-signs of London + taken down."</p> + + <p>No doubt the existing Metropolitan Paving Acts contain clauses which + will prevent tradesmen from again putting up <i>projecting signs</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p> + + <p>Cambridge.</p> + + <p><i>Standfast's Cordial Comforts, &c.</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 143.).—<span class="sc">Abhba</span> will find in a catalogue of + curious books published by G. Bumstead, 205. High Holborn, an early + edition of Standfast. It is described thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Standfast (R.), A Little Handful of Cordial Comforts, and a Caveat + against Seducers; with the Blind Man's Meditations, and a Dialogue + Between a Blind Man and Death, 12mo. 1684."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This may assist <span class="sc">Abhba</span> in his researches.</p> + + <p class="author">Z.</p> + + <p><i>St. Pancras</i> (Vol. ii., p. 496.).—Your correspondent <span + class="sc">Mr. Yeowell</span> asks where C. J. Smith's collection of + MSS., cuttings and prints, &c. relating to the parish of St. Pancras, + are deposited? It is in the library of Richard Percival, Esq., 9. + Highbury Park, Islington.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers give an account of St. Pancras? He was + martyred May 12, 304.</p> + + <p class="author">R.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Has our correspondent looked at the <i>Calendar of the Anglican + Church</i>, lately published by Parker of Oxford? A brief notice of St. + Pancras will be found on p. 274. of that useful little work.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Lines on "Woman's Will"</i> (Vol. i., p. 247.).—Although + somewhat late in the day, I send you the following paragraph from the + <i>Examiner</i> of May 31, 1829:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Woman's Will.</i>—The following lines (says a correspondent + of the <i>Brighton Herald</i>) were copied from the pillar erected on the + Mount in the Dane-John Field, formerly called the Dungeon Field, + Canterbury:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Where is the man who has the power and skill</p> + <p>To stem the torrents of a woman's will?</p> + <p>For if she will, she will, you may depend on't,</p> + <p>And if she won't, she won't so there's an end on't."'</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Workington.</p> + + <p><i>Scandal against Queen Elizabeth</i> (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., + p. 11.).—In <i>Hubback on the Evidence of Succession</i>, p. 253, + after some remarks on the word "natural," not of itself in former times + denoting illegitimacy, this passage occurs:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"But as early as the time of Elizabeth the word <i>natural</i>, + standing alone, had acquired something of its present meaning. The + Parliament, in debating upon the act establishing the title to the crown + in the Queen's issue, thought it proper to alter the words 'issue + lawfully begotten,' into 'natural-born issue,' conceiving the latter to + be a more delicate phrase. But this created a suspicion among the people, + that the Queen's favourite, Leicester, intended after her death to set up + some bastard of his own, pretending it was born of her, and bred up + privately."—Duke of Buckingham <i>On Treasons</i>, cited Amos's + <i>Fortescue</i>, p. 154.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. H. L.</p> + + <p><i>Coggeshall Job</i> (Vol. iii., p. 167.).—Does J. C. allude to + the tradition that the Coggeshall people placed hurdles in the stream to + turn the river, and chained up the wheelbarrow when the mad dog bit + it?</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. L.</p> + + <p><i>Whale caught at Greenwich before the Death of Cromwell</i> (Vol. + iii., p. 207.).—B. B. wishes a record <!-- Page 286 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page286"></a>{286}</span>of the capture of a + whale at Greenwich, immediately previous to Cromwell's death. I take + leave to inform him that, in a tract entitled <i>A Catalogue of natural + Rarities, with great Industry, Cost and thirty Years' Travel in foreign + Countries collected, by Robert Hubert, alias Forges, Gent., and sworn + Servant to his Majesty. And Dayly to be seen at the Place called the + Musick House, at the Miter, near the West End of St. Paul's Church</i>, + 1664, there is the following item:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The vein of the tongue of that whale that was taken up at Greenwich, + a little before Cromwell's death."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ham.</p> + + <p><i>Fronte Capillatā, &c.</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43. + 124.).—The following lines from Tasso's <i>Amore Fuggitivo</i> + contain the same figure as the Latin quoted above:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Crespe hą le chiome e d'oro,</p> + <p>E in quella guisa appunto,</p> + <p>Che Fortuna si pinge</p> + <p>Ha lunghi e folti in sulla fronte i crini;</p> + <p>Ma nuda hą poi la testa</p> + <p>Agli opposti confini."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Snow.</span></p> + + <p>The lines quoted by your correspondent are from Peacock's "Headlong + Hall," and are imitated from Machiavelli's "Capitolo dell' Occasione." + The whole air stands thus; the second stanza differing slightly from the + version given by <span class="sc">Mr. Burt</span>. The lines are very + pretty, at least in my opinion.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"<span class="scac">LOVE AND OPPORTUNITY.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oh! who art thou, so swiftly flying?</p> + <p class="i1">My name is Love, the child replied;</p> + <p>Swifter I pass than south-winds sighing,</p> + <p class="i1">Or streams through summer vales that glide.</p> + <p>And who art thou, his flight pursuing?</p> + <p class="i1hg1">'Tis cold Neglect whom now you see:</p> + <p>The little god you there are viewing,</p> + <p class="i1">Will die, if once he's touched by me.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oh! who art thou so fast proceeding,</p> + <p class="i1">Ne'er glancing back thine eyes of flame?</p> + <p>Mark'd but by few, through earth I'm speeding,</p> + <p class="i1">And Opportunity's my name.</p> + <p>What form is that which scowls beside thee?</p> + <p class="i1">Repentance is the form you see:</p> + <p>Learn then, the fate may yet betide thee.</p> + <p class="i1">She seizes them who seize not me."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">W. R. M.</p> + + <p><i>John Sanderson, or the Cushion-dance</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 517.).—Though I am unable to answer your correspondent Mac's + inquiry as to the antiquity of this dance, it may interest him as well as + others of the readers of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" to + know, that when Walpole made up his mind to abandon his Excise bill + (which met with a still fiercer opposition out of doors than in the House + of Commons), he signified his intention to a party of his adherents at + the supper-table, by quoting the first line of the accompanying + song:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This dance it will no further go!"<a name="footnotetag7" href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This, at least, shows the popularity of this dance in the reign of + George II.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Workington.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a + href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + <p>This occurred in the year 1733.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>George Steevens and William Stevens</i> (Vol. iii, p. + 230.).—The late Sir J. A. Park wrote <i>Memoirs of William + Stevens</i>, the Treasurer of Queen Anne's Bounty, and the biographer of + Jones of Nayland. As little resemblance must have existed between this + gentleman and "the Puck of commentators," George Steevens, as between the + two Harveys:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The one invented Sauce for Fish</p> + <p class="i1">The other Meditations."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">J. H. M.</p> + + <p><i>Memoirs of Stevens</i> by the late Sir James Allan Park have been + published, and are well worth reading; but this Stevens was not George + Steevens, the Shakespearian commentator, but William, Treasurer of Queen + Anne's Bounty, one of the most meek and humble minded of men.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He was inferior to none in profound knowledge, and steady practice of + the doctrines and discipline of the Church of England; austere to himself + alone, charitable and indulgent towards others, he attracted the young by + the cheerfulness of his temper, and the old by the sanctity of his + life."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><span class="sc">Miss Bockett</span> should not confound such a holy + character with George Steevens.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H.</p> + + <p><i>Memoirs of George Steevens, Esq., F.R.S. and F.S.A.</i> (Vol. iii., + p. 119.).—In answer to A. Z. it may be stated that a brief memoir + of Mr. Steevens was given in Nichols's <i>Literary Anecdotes of the + Eighteenth Century</i>, Vol. ii. p. 680.; further anecdotes, and some of + his letters, in vol. v. of Nichols's <i>Literary Illustrations</i>; and + further letters (his correspondence with Dr. Percy, Bishop of Dromore), + in vol. vii. of the latter work; besides many incidental notices, which + will be found by reference to the indexes. On the last occasion a copy of + his portrait by Dance, was attached; and in vol. v. of the <i>Literary + Illustrations</i> is an engraving of his monument by Flaxman, in Poplar + Chapel.</p> + + <p class="author">N.</p> + + <p><i>Tradescant</i> (Vol. iii., p. 119.).—At what period the elder + Tradescant came into England is not with certainty known, but it is + supposed to have been about the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, or the + beginning of that of James I. He obtained the title of <i>Royal + Gardener</i> circa 1629.</p> + + <p>It may not be superfluous to mention (on the authority of Allen's + <i>History of Lambeth</i>, p. 142.) that formerly the three following + lines were on the monument in Lambeth churchyard, until its <!-- Page 287 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page287"></a>{287}</span>reparation by + public subscription in 1773, when they were left out:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This monument was erected at the charge of <i>Hester Tradescant</i>, + the relict of <i>John Tradescant</i>, late deceased, who was buried the + 25th of April, 1662."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred W. H.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kennington.</p> + + <p><i>Origin of Harlequins</i> (Vol. iii., p. 165.).—Your + correspondent and querist E. L. N. wishes for an account of the Origin of + Harlequins. I beg to refer E. L. N. to an account of the Hellequines, or + "La Mesnie Hellequin," given by M. Paul Paris, in his work on the + <i>Manuscripts Franēois de la Bib. du Roi</i>, vol. i. p. 322. M. Paris + says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"On donnoit ce nom (Hellequines) ą des espčces de feux follets ou + génies plutōt malfaisants que favorables, et plutōt moqueurs que + malfaisants.... L'origine de la tradition de la Mesnie Hellequin se perd + dans l'obscurité des temps. On l'entendoit surtout bruire dans les + environs de la ville d'<i>Arles</i>.... J'ignore la premičre origine de + cette locution; mais ce qui me semble incontestable, c'est qu'on + confondit facilement la Mesnie Hellequin avec celle '<i>de la Mort</i>,' + famille bariolée de rouge et de noir, et dont le manteau de cérémonie + devoit źtre un grand pan de toile ou linceul. Déją le lecteur a devancé + la conséquence qu'il faut tirer de tout cela; la Mesnie Hellequin, partie + nécessaire des cortéges effrayants ou grotesques dans le moyen-āge, est + devenue insensiblement, sous la main des arrangeurs, notre <i>famille + d'Arlequin</i>. Le costume bariolé d'Arlequin n'est rien autre que le + fantastique costume du représentant de la Mort.... Et, si ce que je viens + de dire est fondé, on ne répčtera plus aprčs Ménage (Gilles), que le mot + <i>Arlequin</i> fut pris d'abord, sur la fin du <span + class="scac">XVI</span> sičcle, par un certain bouffon italien que le + Président <i>Harlay</i> avoit accueilli. Il est certain que le mot + <i>Arlequin</i> se trouve trčs-anciennement dans un grand nombre de + mystčres.</p> + + <p>"'Numquid me velis,' ecrivoit Jean Raulin, mort en 1514, 'antiquam + illam familiam Harlequini, revocare, ut videatur mortuus inter mundanę + curię nebulas et caligines equitare?'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>By the above extracts, which I fear you will find too long, + harlequinades would seem rather to be derived from the wanton pranks of + sprites than the coarse gambols of buffoons; and this derivation would + certainly best agree with the accepted character of the modern + harlequin.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + + <p>"<i>Predeceased</i>" and "<i>Designed</i>" (Vol. iii., p. + 143.).—The former word is used in an active sense by Shakspeare, in + his "Rape of Lucrece:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If children <i>predecease</i> progenitors,</p> + <p>We are their offspring, and they none of ours."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"Designed," in the sense of "designated," is employed by Locke:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'Tis not enough to make a man a subject, to convince him that there + is regal power in the world; but there must be ways of <i>designing</i> + and knowing the person to whom the regal power of right belongs."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill</span>.</p> + + <p>"<i>Quadrijugis invectus equis," &c.</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 391.).—These lines, in which "veriis" and "antesolat" are, of + course, misprints for "variis" and "antevolat," apply with such peculiar + exactness to Guido's celebrated Aurora, at the Rospigliosi Palace, that I + cannot but think the painting has given rise to the lines. Besides, in + the ancient mythology, the Horę are said to be <i>three</i> in number, + daughters of Jupiter and Themis, and one of their offices was harnessing + the horses of the Sun. It is unlikely, therefore, that any classic author + would mention them as being seven in number.</p> + + <p class="author">C. I. R.</p> + + <p><i>St. John's Bridge Fair</i> (Vol. iii., p. 88.).—Perhaps in + the county of Northampton, and in the city of Peterborough, where a fair, + commencing October 2d, is still called "Bridge Fair." The parish church + of Peterborough is dedicated to St. John Baptist; but a fair on the + saint's day would be too near the other, and probably more ancient fair, + which is held on old St. Peter's Day, to whom the cathedral church is + dedicated.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 137. + 195.).—It is a singular fact, to which I do not remember a + reference has hitherto been made, that Defoe, in his <i>Life and + Adventures of Captain Singleton</i>, has foreshadowed the discovery by + recent travellers of a great inland lake in the South of Africa. He + describes his adventurous hero and companions, during their attempt to + cross this vast continent from Mozambique to Angola, as having, on the + ninth day of their journey, come in "view of a great lake of water."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The next day," he adds, "which was the tenth from our setting out, we + came to the edge of this lake, and happily for us, we came to it at the + south point of it, for to the north we could see no end of it; so we + passed by it, and travelled three days by the side of it."—<i>Life, + Adventures, and Piracies of Captain Singleton</i>, chap. vi.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>According to a rough calculation by one of the party, they were, a few + days before reaching it, 700 miles from the coast of Mozambique, and 1500 + from the Cape of Good Hope. Now Messrs. Murray and Oswell, the + enterprising travellers to whom we owe the discovery of this vast South + African lake, describe it as being in longitude 24° East, latitude 19° + South; a position not very wide apart from that indicated in Defoe's + amusing fiction.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. C. Smith.</span></p> + + <p><i>Lord Howard of Effingham</i> (Vol. iii., p. 244.).—I submit + that the passages quoted by your correspondent are not sufficient + evidence to lead us to conclude that that nobleman <i>ever</i> was a + Protestant. As to the "neglect of reverence to the Holy Sacrament," it is + only said that the priests might pretend <i>that</i> as a cause; and it + is not to be supposed that an ambassador would so far forget himself as + to show any disrespect to the religion of the <!-- Page 288 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page288"></a>{288}</span>prince he was sent to. + Besides, it is likely that Lord Howard was chosen for the embassy as + being a Catholic, and therefore more acceptable to a prince of the same + religion.</p> + + <p>2nd. Fuller's words only refer to testimony on a disputed fact, on + which Catholic evidence the effect quoted by him would have peculiar + weight.</p> + + <p>3rd. The words to Garnet, who had declared his innocence and + abhorrence of the imputed crime, are such as a Catholic would be most + likely to use.</p> + + <p>4th. The word "<i>our</i>," in the royal instructions, is the word of + form, and resembles the editorial "<i>we</i>." In royal instructions to + Mr. Shiel at Florence, Mr. Wyse at Naples, or Mr. More O'Ferrall at + Malta, her Majesty would use the words "our religion;" would that imply + that any or all of those gentlemen were Protestants?</p> + + <p>After all, Lord Howard may have conformed to the court religion after + the period of the Armada: occasional conformity was frequent at the + period.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kerriensis</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Separation of the Sexes in Church</i> (Vol. ii., p. 94.; Vol. iii., + p. 94.).—In <i>Collectanea Topographica, &c.</i>, vol. iii. p. + 134., is printed the "Account of the Proctors of the Church of Yeovil, + co. Somerset, 36 Hen. VI. 1457-8." The learned editor says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The first item is remarkable, as affording an instance of seats being + made subject to sale at so early a period;" and proceeds: "it may be + observed that the two sexes must have sat in different parts of the + church, as, with only one exception, the seats are let to other persons + of the same sex as before."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Llewellyn</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service</i> (Vol. ii., p. + 94.).—A proof of the correctness of the remark advanced in this + note is afforded by the practice followed in the little church of + Covington, Huntingdonshire, where a few of the old open seats remain + towards the western end, in which each sex still sits on its proper side, + although the custom does not hold with respect to the pews which some of + the farmers and others have erected for themselves at the eastern + end.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Separation of the Sexes at Church.</i>—Many of your + correspondents have taken up the separation of the living at church, but + none have alluded to the dead. I extract the following from a deed of the + 34th of Elizabeth:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"But also in the two severall vawtes or towmbes in the sayd chappell, + and in the sowthe syde of the same, and in the wall of the sayd church, + ffor themselves only to bury in; that is to say, in the upper of the + same, standing eastwards, to bury the deade bodyes of the men, being + ancestors of the sayd A. B.; and in the lower, standing westwards, to + bury the deade bodies of the women, being wyves or children female of + his, the said A. B.'s ancestors."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Perhaps some of your correspondents can tell us whether such separate + vaults were customary?</p> + + <p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei</i> (Vol. i., p. 370.).—Your correspondent + <span class="sc">Daniel Rock</span> states these words to have been + chosen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the + sermon he preached when Edward III. was called to the throne; and in your + Notices to Correspondents, Vol. iii., p. 254., you repeat the + statement.</p> + + <p>The prelate by whom the sermon was preached was not Simon Mepham, but + his predecessor, Walter Reynolds, who was Archbishop of Canterbury when + the second Edward was deposed, and when Edward III. was crowned, on + February 1, 1327. This Walter Reynolds died on November 16, 1327, and + Simon Mepham was appointed his successor on December 11, 1327. John + Toland, in his <i>Anglia Libera</i>, p. 114., has this reference to the + sermon which was preached by the Archbishop Reynolds on the occasion of + the king's coronation:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To Edward I. succeeded his son Edward II., who growing an intolerable + tyrant, was in a parliament summoned by himself formally accused of + misgovernment, and on his own acknowledging the truth of this charge, + solemnly deposed. When his son, Edward III., was elected with universal + consent, Walter, the Archbishop of Canterbury, preached the coronation + sermon, and took these words for his text, "<i>Vox populi Vox Dei</i>, + the voice of the people is the voice of God,"—so little did they + dream in those days of the divine right of monarchy, or that all power + did not originally derive from the people, for whom and by whom all + governments are erected and maintained."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Sir Harris Nicolas in his <i>Synopsis of the Peerage,</i> and Dugdale + in his <i>Monasticon</i>, give the name of this Archbishop as Walter + Reynolds. Sir Richard Baker, in his <i>Chronicle</i>, describes him as + Walter Reginald; and in Hume's <i>England</i> he is called Walter de + Reynel.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">St. Johns</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Mazer Wood</i> (Vol. iii., p. 239.).—The Querist asks, "Has + the word Mazer any signification in itself?"</p> + + <p>It is used to signify a cup. Vide Walter Scott's <i>Lord of the + Isles</i>, where Robert Bruce is speaking:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Bring here, he said, the Mazers four,</p> + <p>My noble fathers loved of yore."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And it is probably derived from the Irish "Maeddher," a standing cup, + generally of <i>wood</i>, of a quadrangular form, with a handle on each + of the sides. The puzzle was how to drink out of it, which was done from + the angles. A silver "Maeddher" was presented to Lord Townshend when + leaving Ireland, who puzzled many of his English friends by placing it + before them filled with claret. Uninitiated persons usually attempted to + drink from the flat side, and poured the wine over their clothes. I think + another was presented to Lord Normanby when in Ireland. We see <i>gutta + percha</i> <!-- Page 289 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page289"></a>{289}</span>cups and buckets everywhere now-a-days. + Perhaps such an utensil might have been among the dishes, &c. + mentioned in the Catalogue of the Tradescant Museum.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kerriensis</span>.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[See a curious note on Mazers, used as large drinking-cups, or + goblets, in Walter Scott's <i>Poetical Works</i>, p. 488., edit. + 1848.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Traditions from remote Periods through few Hands</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 237.).—The following facts may not be uninteresting on this + subject.</p> + + <p>The late Maurice O'Connell of Derrynane, co. Kerry, died early in + 1825, and would have completed 99 years on the 31st of March in that + year. The writer hereof has heard him tell anecdotes derived from the + conversation of Daniel M<sup>c</sup>Carthy, of the same co., who died + about 1740, aged at least 108 years. This Daniel M<sup>c</sup>Carthy was + commonly known by the nick-name of "Dhonald Bhin," or "Yellow Dan," and + was the first man that ran away from the battle of Aughrim. There is a + short account of him in Smith's <i>History of Kerry</i>, in which he is + mentioned as lately deceased. You have thus a period of over 200 years, + the traditions of which might be derived through three persons, the + survivor of whom, your correspondent, is but middle aged. I remember + being told in the co. Clare, circiter 1828, of an individual then lately + deceased, who remembered the siege of Limerick by General Ginkle, and the + news of the celebrated treaty of Limerick. It is to be wished that your + readers who reside in, or may visit Ireland, would take an interest in + this subject. I am certain that in remote parts of the country much + curious tradition could be thus brought to light; and it would be + interesting to compare the accounts of great public events, as remembered + and handed down by the peasantry, with those which we take on the faith + of historians.</p> + + <p>As relating to this subject, I may refer to the allusion made in page + 250. of the same Number to the Countess of Desmond, who was said to have + lived to so great an age. I have seen the picture alluded to at + Glanlearne in Valencia, the seat of the knight of Kerry; and it must have + been taken at a comparatively early period of life, as the Earl of + Desmond was outlawed, and his estates confiscated, in the reign of + Elizabeth. Some record of how this old lady's jointure was provided for + might yet be discovered, and the period of her decease thus + ascertained.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kerriensis</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 208.).—This beautiful epigram, which C. R. H. has somewhat + mutilated even in the two lines which he gives of it, was written by + Jerome Amaltheus, who died in 1574, the year in which Henry III. of + France came to the throne; so that it is unlikely at least that the + "Amor" was meant for Mangirow, his "minion." In the edition of the poems + of the three brothers Amalthei, which I possess, and which was printed at + Amsterdam in 1689, the epigram runs—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"<span class="scac">DE GEMELLIS FRATRE ET SORORE LUSCIS</span>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Lumine Acon, dextro, capta est Leonilla sinistro,</p> + <p class="i1">Et potis est forma vincere uterque Deos.</p> + <p>Blande puer, lumen, quod habes concede <i>puellę</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">Sic tu cęcus Amor, sic erit illa Venus."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I have seen it thus translated:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"One eye is closed to each in rayless night,</p> + <p>Yet each has beauty fit the gods to move,</p> + <p>Give, Acon, give to Leonill <i>thy</i> light,</p> + <p>She will be Venus, and thou sightless Love."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The relationship between the Duchess of Eboli and Mangirow I do not + remember. Were they brother and sister? or was she ever known as + Leonilla?</p> + + <p>Among Jerome Amaltheus's other epigrams I find several about this + "Acon;" and one, entitled "De duabus Amicis," begins—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Me <i>lętis Leonilla oculis</i>, me <i>Lydia torvis</i></p> + <p>Aspicit."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The mistress of Philip II. (who here, by the by, seems to have + recovered her lost eye) would hardly have been the mistress of an Italian + poet.</p> + + <p class="author">H. A. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Trin. Coll. Cam.</p> + + <p>"<i>Harry Parry, when will you marry</i>" (Vol. iii., p. + 207.).—E. H. has omitted the last line, which, however, is well + known. May it not have the same meaning as the lines in the "Marquis de + Carabas" of Béranger:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Et tous vos tendrons,</p> + <p>Subiront l'honneur</p> + <p>Du droit du seigneur?"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The nursery rhyme may have been sung to the young Baron to teach him + his feudal privileges, as the lines—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hot corn, baked pears,</p> + <p>Kick nigger down stairs,"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>are used to inculcate the rights of a white man on the minds of infant + cotton planters in the Southern States.</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. L.</p> + + <p><i>Visions of Hell</i> (Vol. iii., p. 70.).—In solving the Query + propounded by F. R. A. as to "whether Bunyan was the author of the + <i>Visions</i>?" it is very necessary that all the editions should be + known of and collated. I have one not yet referred to, styled <i>The + Visions of John Bunyan, being his last Remains, giving an Account of the + Glories of Heaven, the Terrors of Hell, and of the World to come</i>, + London, printed and sold by J. Hollis, Shoemaker Row, Blackfriars, pp. + 103., with an address to the reader, subscribed "thy soul's well-wisher, + John Bunyan," without date. "Thomas Newby, of Epping, Essex," is written + in it; he might have been only the first owner of the book, which was + certainly published before the year 1828 or 20, but I should say not much + earlier.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen</span>.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 290 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page290"></a>{290}</span></p> + + <p><i>"Laus tua non tua Fraus," &c.</i> (Vol. i., p. 416.). <i>Verse + Lyon.</i>—Puttenham's <i>Arte of English Poesie</i>, published in + 1589, contains an earlier allusion to this epigram than any of those + mentioned by your correspondents at Vol. ii., p. 77., and assigns to Pope + Alexander [Qy. VI.] the doubtful honour of being the subject of it. The + passage is at p. 11., and is as follows:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Another of their pretie inuentions was to make a verse of such wordes + as lay their nature and manner of construction and situation might be + turned backward word by word, and make another perfit verse, but of quite + contrary sence, as the gibing monke that wrote of Pope Alexander these + two verses:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Laus tua non tua fraus, virtue non copia rerum,</p> + <p class="i1">Scandere te faciunt hoc decus eximium:'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>which if ye will turne backward, they make two other good verses, but + of a contrary sence, thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Eximium decus hoc faciunt te scandere, rerum</p> + <p class="i1">Copia, non virtus, fraus tua, non tua laus;'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and they call it <i>Verse Lyon</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query, Why? and where else is Verse Lyon alluded to?</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Is not "<i>Verse Lyon</i>" Puttenham's translation of <i>Leonine + Verse</i>?]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Passage from Cymbeline</i> (Vol. ii., p. 135.).—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Some jay of Italy,</p> + <p>Whose mother was her <i>painting</i>, hath betrayed him."—Act III. Sc. 4.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The word <i>painting</i> (your correspondent's stumbling-block) + evidently means resemblance—resemblance of character, and as such + exactly corresponds to the German word <i>Ebenbild</i>, an image or + painting, which is used in the same sense; <i>e.g.</i> <i>Sie hat das + Ebenbild ihres Mutters</i>, "She is the very image of her mother."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cranmore</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Rue de Cerf, 6. Brussels.</p> + + <p><i>Engraved Warming-pans</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).—As an + earlier instance of this custom, it may be worth notice that I have one + which was purchased some years ago at the village of Whatcote in + Warwickshire; it is engraved with a dragon, and the date 1601. I think it + probable that it originally came from Compton Wyniatt, the ancient seat + of the Earls [now Marquis] of Northampton; the supporters of the Compton + family being dragons, and Whatcote being the next village to Compton + Wyniatt.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Spes</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Symbolism of the Fir-cone</i> (Vol. i., p. 247.).—The + Fir-cone on the Thyrsus—a practice very general throughout Greece, + but which is very prevalent at Athens, may perhaps, in some degree, + account for the connexion of the Fir-cone (surmounting the Thyrsus) with + the worship of Bacchus. Incisions are made in the fir-trees for the + purpose of obtaining the turpentine, which distils copiously from the + wound. This juice is mixed with the new wine in large quantities; the + Greeks supposing that it would be impossible to keep it any length of + time without this mixture. The wine has in consequence a very peculiar + taste, but is by no means unpleasant after a little use. This, as we + learn from Plutarch, was an ancient custom (<i>Sympos. Quęst.</i> iii. + and iv. p. 528. edn. Wytten); the Athenians, therefore, might naturally + have placed the Fir-cone in the hands of Bacchus. ("Lord Aberdeen's + Journals," Appendix to Walpole's <i>Memoirs of Turkey, &c.</i>, vol. + i. p. 605.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. B. Relton</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. Robert Thomlinson</i> (Vol. i., p. 350.).—The gentleman + who is very anxious for the communication of any matter illustrative of + the life of the doctor, his family, &c., will find considerable + useful and interesting information relating to him, his widow, and + brother, by referring to the under-mentioned <i>Reports from the + Commissioners for inquiring concerning Charities</i>:</p> + + <p>5th Report, pages 67. 69.; 23rd Report, pages 56. 450.; 31st Report, + pages 754. 757.</p> + + <p>There is a slight allusion to the doctor in the <i>Returns of + Corporate Offices and Charitable Funds, &c.</i>, p. 375.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Edwards</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Touching for the Evil</i> (Vol. iii., p. 93.).—St. Thomas + Aquinas refers the practice of touching for the evil by French kings to + <i>Clovis</i>. See a work published in 1633, by Simon Favoul, entitled, + <i>Du Pouvoir que les Rois de France ont de guérir les Ecrouelles</i>; + also a work by Du Laurens, entitled, <i>De Mirabili Strumas sanandi vi, + regibus Galliarum Christianis divinitus concessa, libri duo</i>, Paris, + 1609, in 8vo.</p> + + <p>Edward the Confessor is said to have been the first English king who + touched for the evil. Consequently the English can hardly be said to have + owed their supposed power to their pretensions to the crown of + France.</p> + + <p class="author">E. J. R.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We are indebted to <span class="sc">Mr. J. B. Ditchfield</span> and + <span class="sc">Mr. Joseph Sulley</span> for very elaborate notices of + the custom of the French kings touching for the evil; but the principal + facts contained in those communications have already been laid before our + readers by <span class="sc">Mr. Cooper</span> (Vide No. 69. p. 148. et + seq.)]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Drax Free School</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.).—It appears by the + will of Charles Read, dated July 30, 1669, that that gentleman had at his + own charge erected a school-house at Drax, which he designed for a free + school, and for the habitation of a schoolmaster, to instruct the + children of the inhabitants of that parish gratis, to read, write, and + cast accounts, and in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, as occasion should + require; and that he had erected six almshouses at Drax, for six aged and + impotent people at that parish, and the lodgment of six poor boys; and + for the support and maintenance of the said school, master, alms people, + and poor boys, he directed his executors to lay out 2000<i>l.</i> in <!-- + Page 291 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page291"></a>{291}</span>the + purchase of freehold land of 120<i>l.</i> per annum in or near Drax, to + be conveyed to trustees to let such land at the best improved rent, for + the purposes and uses mentioned in his will; and he appointed the lord + mayor and aldermen of York, visitors of the school and almshouses.</p> + + <p>At the time of the inquiry by the charity commissioners, the estates + purchaser in pursuance of the directions of Mr. Read's will amounted to + 391 acres of land, let at 542<i>l.</i> per annum, and there was an + accumulation of stock of 12,700<i>l.</i> in the Three per Cents, the + whole income being 924<i>l.</i> 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per annum.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dyson</span> will find a copious account of this + school, &c., in the following Reports of the Commissioners: XXI. p. + 598.; XXXII. part 2d. p. 828.; and the latter gives a full detail of + proceedings in Chancery, and other matters connected with the + administration of the trust.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Edwards</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Enigmatical Epitaph on the Rev. John Mawer</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 184. + 248.).—Perhaps it may be of service to J. H. to know that <i>Arthur + Llewellyn Tudor Kaye Mawer</i>, referred to by J. T. A., was a short time + ago an assistant bookseller at Oxford, and may be heard of by addressing + a line to Mr. Vincent, Herald Office, or Mr. Wheeler, bookseller, + Oxford.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nibor</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Treatise by Engelbert, Archbishop of Treves</i> (Vol. i., p. + 214.).—<span class="sc">Mr. Sanson</span> may probably find the + information he desires in the reprint of Bishop Cosin's <i>History of + Popish Transubstantiation</i>, London, 1840, in which the references are + verified, and the quotations given in full length.</p> + + <p class="author">T. J.</p> + + <p><i>King John at Lincoln</i> (Vol. iii., p. 141.).—There is no + question of Matt. Paris alluding here to the old prophecy which forbade a + king's wearing his crown in Lincoln, or, as some think, even entering the + city. Although he makes John the first to break through the superstition, + yet the same is attributed to his predecessor Stephen, who is described + by H. Huntingdon as entering the city fearlessly—"prohibentibus + quibusdam superstitiosis." This was after the great disasters of + Stephen's reign; but as the succession eventually departed from his line, + Lord Lyttleton observes that the citizens might nevertheless be + strengthened in their credulity; and Henry II. certainly humoured it so + far as to wear his crown only in the suburb of Wigford. John seems to + have been very partial to the place, and visited it repeatedly, as did + many of his successors. Many parallel superstitions might, no doubt, be + gathered, as that of Oxford, and Alexander the Great at Babylon, + &c.</p> + + <p class="author">B.</p> + + <p class="address">Lincoln.</p> + + <p><i>Haybands in Seals</i> (Vol. iii., p. 186.).—In your paper for + March 8. I observe a Query by <span class="sc">Mr. M. A. Lower</span> + respecting seals. It appears that <span class="sc">Mr. Lower</span> has + in his possession one or two seals, temp. Henry VII., which are impressed + on haybands, that is to say, the wax is encircled by a twisted wisp of + hay, or split straw; and, if I rightly understand <span class="sc">Mr. + Lower</span>, no device is apparent on the wax, but some ends of the hay + or straw protrude from the surface of it. Under these circumstances <span + class="sc">Mr. Lower</span> states his opinion that such seals belonged + to medięval gentlemen who occupied their time in fattening + stock,—simply graziers.</p> + + <p>It may be interesting to some of your correspondents, and especially + to <span class="sc">Mr. Lower</span>, to know that a few seals, both + pendent and impressed on the parchment itself, within haybands, may be + found of as early a date as the reign of Edward II. From that time the + fashion become very prevalent: in the reigns of Richard II., Henry IV., + Henry V., Henry VI., and, indeed, down to the period of Elizabeth, it was + the common practice to secure the wax impression in this manner. Almost + all the impressions of the Privy Seal of Henry V., called "the Eagle," + are made on haybands. It is needless to give further examples, as they + must be well known to all antiquaries who have studied the history of + seals. It is not from the examination of a few specimens of early seals + that a general conclusion is to be rationally drawn; and it is to be + hoped that <span class="sc">Mr. Lower</span> may, even yet, be induced to + abandon his singular theory of graziers' seals.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hudson Turner</span>.</p> + + <p>If your correspondents on this subject will refer to the first volume + of <i>Kalendars and Inventories of his Majesty's Exchequer</i>, published + by the Commissioners of Public Records, they will find in the + Introduction, written by Sir Francis Palgrave, at page cxlvii., a + fac-simile representation of a letter upon paper from James IV. of + Scotland to Henry VII., dated July 12, 1502, showing the seal encircled + by a rush ring. At page cxxxvii. it is stated that in the fifteenth + century a rush ring surrounding the fragile wax was not unfrequently used + for the purpose of preserving it.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Aver</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 42. 157.).—Spelman, in his + <i>Glossary</i>, derives <i>averia</i> from <i>averare</i> pro laborare. + <i>Averare</i> he derives from the French <i>ouvre</i> and + <i>ouvrage</i>, "vel potius a Latino <i>operare</i>, <i>o</i> et + <i>p</i>, ut solent, in <i>a</i> et <i>u</i>, conversis." "Hence," he + says, "our ancestors called beasts of burden <i>averia</i>, and the + Scotch called them <i>avaria</i>." In Northumberland, he elsewhere adds, + "they call a lazy, sluggish horse 'a faulse aver,' or 'afer.'"</p> + + <p><i>Averum</i> signified goods and chattels, and personal property in + general, and, in this sense, is derived from the French <i>avoir</i>. It + also signified the royal treasure, as appears from the following extract + front the will of Philip Augustus, sub anno <!-- Page 292 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page292"></a>{292}</span>1190. After directing + his rents, services, and oblations to be brought annually to Paris, he + adds—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In receptionibus averi nostri, Adam clericus noster presens erit, et + eas scribet, et singuli habeant singulas claves de singulis archis in + quibus reponetur averum nostrum in templo."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following story, which illustrates P.'s Query, is told by + Blackstone:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir Thomas More (when a student on his travels) is said to have + puzzled a pragmatic professor at Bruges, who gave a universal challenge + to dispute with any person in any science: in omni scibili, et de + quolibet ente. Upon which Mr. More sent him this question, 'Utrum averia + carucę, capta in vetito namio, sint irreplegibilia, Whether beasts of the + plough, taken in withernam, are incapable of being replevied:'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>—a question likely enough to pose any man except an English + lawyer.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cudyn Gwyn</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Aver</i> or <i>Aiver</i> is a word in common use in the south of + Scotland for a <i>horse</i>. In Burns's poem entitled "The Dream," there + is this couplet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Yet aft a ragged cowte's been known</p> + <p>To mak a noble aiver."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Ss.</span></p> + + <p><i>Aver</i> (Vol. iii., p. 42.).—Your correspondents G. M. and + D. 2. are at cross purposes. The latter is unquestionably right in his + opinion about <i>haver cake</i>, <i>haver</i> in that instance being the + German <i>Hafer</i>, Sw. <i>Havre</i>, &c., as held by Brockett + (<i>North Country Words</i>) and Carr (<i>Craven Glossary</i>). But + <i>aver</i>, <i>averium</i>, on which G. M. descants, is altogether a + different word. As D. 2. requires the authority of a dictionary, allow me + to refer him to Lacombe, <i>Dictionnaire du vieux Langage Franēois</i>, + where he will find:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">Avoirs</span>, animaux domestiques de la basse cour."</p> + <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">Averlands</span>, marchand de chevaux."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And in the second, or supplementary volume of the same work:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'<span class="sc">Avers</span>,' bestiaux qui nantissent une ferme ą + la campagne."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>See also Jamieson (<i>Scottish Dictionary</i>):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Aver</span>, a cart-horse."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A suggestion may also be gathered from Webster under <span + class="sc">Average</span>.</p> + + <p class="author">F. S. Q.</p> + + <p>In the <i>Chronicle of Jocelyn de Brakelond</i>, at p. 29. of + Tomlins's translation, mention is made of one Beodric,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Lord of that town, whose demesne lands are now in the demesne of the + Cellarer. And that which is now called <i>Averland</i> was the land of + the rustics."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again, at p. 30.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The Cellarer was used freely to take all the dung-hills in every + street, for his own use, unless it were before the doors of those who + were holding <i>averland</i>; for to <i>them only</i> was it allowable to + collect dung and to keep it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To this a note is appended to the effect that</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Averland seems to have been ancient arable land so called, held by + rustic drudges and villans."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>At p. 29. the said Cellarer is stated</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>To have <i>aver-peni</i>, to wit, for each thirty acres two pence."<a + name="footnotetag8" href="#footnote8"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Roquefort, in his <i>Glossaire de la Langue Romane</i>, gives + <i>Aver</i>, from <i>avoir</i>: "Bestiaux qui nantissent une ferme de + campagne;" and <i>Avč</i>, "un troupeau de brebis," from <i>ovis</i>.</p> + + <p>Raynouard, in the <i>Nouveau Choix des Poésies des Troubadours</i>, + vol. ii., which commences the <i>Lexique Roman</i>, derives "Aver" also + from <i>Avoir</i>; to signify possession generally I take it. 2dly, + Troupeau,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"E play mi quan li corredor</p> + <p class="i2">Fan las gens e 'ls <i>avers</i> fugir."</p> + <p>("Et il me plaīt quand les coureurs</p> + <p>Font fuir les gens et les troupeaux.")</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Bertrand de Born, Be m Play.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Barbazan, in his short <i>Glossary</i>, derives the word from + <i>Avarus</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a + href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a> + <p>"Averpenny was a sum paid as a composition for certain rustic + services."</p> + +</div> + <p>I would inform D. 2. and others (Vol. iii., p. 42.) that <i>aver</i>, + or <i>haver-cake</i>, which he states to be the name applied in North + Yorkshire to the thin oat-cake in use there, is evidently derived from + the Scandinavian words, <i>Hafrar</i>, <i>Havre</i>, <i>Hafre</i>, + oats.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. E. R. Gordon</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Stockholm.</p> + + <p>"<i>The Sword Flamberg</i>" (Vol. iii., p. 168.)—<span + class="sc">An English Mother</span> is informed that "Flamberge," or + "Floberge," is the name of the sword won in battle from the Saracen + admiral Anthenor by Mangis d'Aygremont, the hero of the romance of that + name. Ancient swords were frequently "flamboyant," or with waved edges; + more especially those used for purposes of state. The Dukes of Burgundy + bore a two-handed sword of this form. Indeed, "flaming swords," as they + were called, were worn down to the time of our Charles II., and perhaps + later. It is rather singular that the ordinary synonyma for a sword + should be "brand." The name of the weapon taken from King Bucar by the + Cid was "Tizona," or the Fire-brand.</p> + + <p>The flamboyant type may possibly be of Eastern origin. The krisses of + the Malays, at the present day have serpentine blades.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Temple.</p> + + <p><i>Cockade</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 7. 196.).—The <i>cockade</i> was + simply the knot of the riband that served to <i>cock</i> the broad + flapped hat worn by military men in the seventeenth century, and which in + fine weather, or going into action, &c., they used to <i>cock</i>, by + means of hooks, laces, and ribands. We see still in the <!-- Page 293 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page293"></a>{293}</span>cocked-hats of + coachmen and beadles, the traces of these old ligaments. Hence the phrase + to <i>cock one's hat</i>. Let me add one or two remarks on other points + of dress arising out of old military habits. In old times coats were of + the shape we now call frocks, and <i>lined</i> throughout, generally with + a different colour from the outside. When a person in one of these coats + was going about any active work, and particularly into fight, he doubled + back his sleeves, and folded back the collar, which, being of a different + colour, came to be what we now call the <i>facings</i> of military + uniforms. The French, truer to their origin, still call them the + "<i>revers</i>." So also on such occasions the broad skirts of the frock + coat used to be hooked back not to impede the movements of the lower + limbs, and thence the swallow tails of military uniforms. So also the + high jack-boots, that covered the knees, used, in walking, to be turned + down, and the inside being of a lighter colour, gave the idea of what are + called <i>top-boots</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>In the belief that the time has arrived when the history of our + national architecture must be reconsidered, with a view to a revision of + the classes or periods into which it has hitherto been divided, Mr. + Sharpe has just put forth a handsomely illustrated volume, under the + title of <i>The Seven Periods of English Architecture defined and + illustrated</i>. Mr. Sharpe's proposal is, that these seven periods + should be thus formed:—three belonging to the division + <i>Romanesque</i>, under the titles of Saxon, Norman, and Transitional + Periods; and the remaining four to the <i>Gothic</i>, viz. the Lancet, + Geometrical, Curvilinear, and Rectangular Periods. We must, of course, + refer our readers who desire to know the principles upon which Mr. Sharpe + proposes this great change to the work itself, which is plain and to the + purpose.</p> + + <p>Mr. Bohn some time since became the purchaser of a large number of the + copper-plates of Gillray's <i>Caricatures</i>. Having had impressions + taken, and arranged them in one large volume, he sought the assistance of + Mr. Wright, who had just then published his <i>History of the House of + Hanover, illustrated by Caricatures</i>, and Mr. R. H. Evans, the + well-known bibliopole, towards an anecdotical catalogue of the works of + this clever satirist: and the result of the labours of these gentlemen + has just been published under the title of <i>Historical and Descriptive + Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, comprising a Political and + Humorous History of the latter Part of the Reign of George III.</i> The + volume will be found not only an interesting key to Mr. Bohn's edition of + Gillray, and a guide to those who may be making a separate collection of + his works, but a pleasant illustration of the wit and satire which lashed + the politicians and amused the public</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the old time when George the Third was king."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Those who know the value of those historical researches which Sir F. + Palgrave has already given to the world, will be glad to hear that the + first volume of his <i>History of Normandy and of England</i> will + probably be published before the close of the present month. In this + first volume, which is described in the advertisement as containing the + general relations of Medięval Europe, the Carlovingian Empire, and the + Danish Expeditions into Gaul, we understand the learned author has + treated those expeditions at considerable length, and enters very fully + into that of the decline of the Carlovingian Empire,—a portion of + the work as important, as it is in a great measure new, to the English + reader. Not the least valuable part of the book will be Sir Francis + Palgrave's account of the nature and character of the Continental + Chronicles, which form the substratum of his work, but which, existing + only in the great collections of Duchesne, Bouquet, Pertz, &c., are + generally very imperfectly known to English students.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell, on Monday next, a collection + of very rare and interesting Autograph Letters, more particularly + illustrative of the period of the Civil Wars. On the same day they will + also commence a Four-days' Sale of valuable Books, and Books of + Engravings, chiefly from the library of a gentleman deceased, including + the original edition of Stuart and Revett's <i>Athens</i>, a copy of + Merian's <i>Topographia Germanię</i> containing nearly one thousand + engravings, and many other works of high character.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.—<i>Boswell's Life of + Johnson, Illustrated</i>, vol. i. This is the first volume of the + <i>National Illustrated Library</i>, which the projectors describe "as an + endeavour to bestow upon half-crown volumes for the <i>many</i> the same + typographical accuracy, and the same artistic ability, hitherto almost + exclusively devoted to high-priced books for the <i>few</i>." In choosing + <i>Boswell's Johnson</i> for their first work, the projectors have shown + excellent judgment; and we are bound to add that the book is not only + well selected, but neatly printed, and illustrated with a number of + excellent woodcuts.—<i>Illustrations of Medieval Costume in + England, &c.</i>, Part II. This second part deserves the same praise + for cheapness as its predecessor.—<i>The Cape and the Kafirs</i>, + the new volume of Bohn's cheap series, is a well-timed reprint of Mrs. + Ward's <i>Five Years in Kafirland</i>, with some little alteration and + abridgment, and the addition of some information for intending emigrants, + from information supplied by published official reports.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received</span>.—J. Miller's (43. + Chandos Street) Catalogue No. XX. of Books Old and New; T. Kerslake's (3. + Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of Books lately bought; W. S. Lincoln's + (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-seventh Catalogue of + Low-priced books, mostly Second-hand; Williams and Norgate's (14. + Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue No. III. of Foreign + Second-hand Books, and Books at reduced prices.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">The Complaynt of Scotland</span>, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1801.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Thoms' Lays and Legends of Various Nations</span>. Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834.</p> +<!-- Page 294 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page294"></a>{294}</span> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Passionael efte dat Levent der Heiligen</span>. Folio. Basil, 1522.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Cartari—La Rosa d'Oro Pontificia</span>. 4to. Rome, 1681.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Broemel, M. C. H., Fest-Tanzen der Ersten Christen.</span> Jena, 1705.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Pullen's Etymological Compendium</span>. 8vo.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Cooper (C. P.), Account of Public Records</span>. 8vo. 1822. Vol. I.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Lingard's History of England</span>. Sm. 8vo. 1837. Vols. X. XI., XII., XIII.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><i>We are again compelled by the number and value of the + communications, which have reached us, to present our Readers with an + extra Eight Pages. We trust, therefore, we shall be excused if, with + reference to what we stated a fortnight since, on the subject of making + this enlargement</i> permanent <i>instead of</i> occasional, <i>we quote + from a valued correspondent the mode he has kindly adopted with the view + of promoting that increase of our circulation, upon which such</i> + permanent <i>enlargement of our paper must depend.</i> <span + class="sc">Nocab</span> <i>writes thus:—"Whenever I find an article + in any Number which I know to be peculiarly congenial to the taste of any + of my literary or scientific friends, I forward them a copy. A letter of + thanks and an</i> intention of future subscription <i>has almost + invariably been the result." We are sure that this hint will not be lost + upon our friends.</i></p> + + <p>P. <i>will find his communication on</i> Averia <i>inserted in</i> No. + 69. p. 157.</p> + + <p>S. H. H. <i>Received, and will be taken care of.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Comets and Eclipses</span>. <i>We are requested by + our valued correspondent</i> C. <i>to say that his Reply</i>, p. 253., + <i>should have been headed</i> Eclipses, <i>and was intended to refer to + the list of</i> Eclipses (<i>not Comets</i>) <i>in the work to which he + refers. He was probably led into this slip of the pen by the manner in + which</i> S. P. O. R. <i>had, in</i> No. 73. p. 223. <i>mixed up Comets + and Eclipses in the same Query.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jarltzberg</span> <i>has our best thanks. We receive + his friendly suggestions in the spirit in which they are offered; and + will, as far as practicable, attend to them. We trust he will receive in + the same spirit our explanation, that the delay in inserting his + communications arises chiefly from the difficulty in deciphering them. + Our correspondents little know how greatly editorial labours are + increased by this apparently trifling cause.</i></p> + + <p>E. T. C. <i>Our correspondent will find, on referring to our First + Vol.</i>, p. 445., <i>that the so-called French original of</i> "Not a + drum was heard," <i>is only a clever literary hoax from the pen of Father + Prout, which first appeared in</i> Bentley's Miscellany.</p> + + <p>J. B. C. <i>A proof of the Sovereign of 1820; and if in very good + condition, would perhaps sell for Two or Three Pounds.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Llewellyn</span>. <i>Will this correspondent favour + us with his address, that we may forward a communication which we have + received for him?</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ache</span> <i>is requested to say how a + communication may reach him.</i></p> + + <p>F. R. R. <i>We have a further Query for this correspondent on the + subject of Sir Andrew Chadwick, if he will favour us with his + address.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Replies Received</span>.—<i>Epitaph in Hall's + Discovery—Disinterment for Heresy—Mistletoe—The San + Grail—MS. Cat. of Norman Nobility—Inedited + Poetry—Mazer—Whale in the Thames—Facts in Natural + History—Nicolson Family—Yankee—Cowdray—Scandal + against Elizabeth—Capt. John Stevens—Shakspeare's + Captious—Epitaph on Countess of Pembroke—King Richard + III.—Ten Commandments—Comets—Edmund Prideaux—Lost + MSS.—Shakspeare's Use of "Strained"—Pilgrim's Road to + Canterbury—Solid-footed Pigs—Meaning of Gig—Swearing by + Swans—Places called Purgatory—Tu Autem—Thomas + May—Pope Joan—Waste Book—Abbot Eustacius—Chiming, + &c.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Vols.</span> I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very + copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by + order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on + Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any + difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, + &c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will + enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> + <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> + + <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, NO. CLXXVI., is just published.</p> + + <p>CONTENTS:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. POULTRY LITERATURE.</p> + <p>2. WOMEN IN FRANCE—MADAME DE MAINTENON.</p> + <p>3. JULIUS CĘSAR—MERIVALES'S ROMAN HISTORY.</p> + <p>4. THE REPUBLIC IN THE KING'S COACHES.</p> + <p>5. SANITARY MOVEMENT—CENTRALIZATION.</p> + <p>6. LIVES OF CALVIN. By <span class="sc">Dyer, &c.</span></p> + <p>7. LORD HOLLAND'S REMINISCENCES.</p> + <p>8. LORD JOHN RUSSELL.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><span class="sc">John Murray</span>, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>TO BOOK COLLECTORS, AUCTIONEERS, and DEALERS in SECOND-HAND + BOOKS.—The Book containing the MINUTES of VESTRY of the Parish of + St. Paul, Covent garden, between the years 1645 and 1681, having been (on + examination of the Books, and Documents belonging to the Parish) + discovered to be missing, a REWARD of TEN POUNDS will be paid to any + Person who shall forthwith cause the said Minute-book to be delivered to + Mr. <span class="sc">Moseley</span>, Vestry Clerk, 13. Bedford Street, + Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>This day is published.</p> + + <p>SKETCHES OF THE POETICAL LITERATURE OF THE PAST HALF CENTURY. In Six + Lectures, delivered at the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution. By <span + class="sc">D. M. Moir</span> [Delta]. In Fcap. 8vo. (pp. 330.) price + 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">William Blackwood & Sons</span>, Edinburgh and + London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, + London.</p> + + <p>VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.</p> + + <p>Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting + the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as + fully detailed in the prospectus.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">A. Scratchley, M.A.</span></p> + + <p>Actuary and Secretary; Author of "Industrial Investment and + Emigration; being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building + Societies, &c." Price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>London: <span class="sc">J. W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE and REVIEW, No. 5, just published, + price 3<i>s.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:—Freemasonry during the Great + Exhibition—Love's Triumph—The First Offence—On the + Tabernacle and Temple—Notes upon Funeral Solemnities—The + Condition of Scotch Masonry—"Thinking" and "Working" + Freemasons—Masonic Processions—On the + Rhine—Correspondence—Obituary: Dr. Crucefix, Peter Thompson. + Sir W. Lorraine, T. Pryer, &c.—G. Chapter and G. Lodge + Report—The 33rd Degree—The Charities—Metropolitan and + Provincial Intelligence—Scotland, Ireland, The Colonies, East + Indies, West Indies, America, Switzerland.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">R. Spencer</span>, 314. High Holborn; and sold by all + Booksellers.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, NO. CXC., will be published on TUESDAY next.</p> + + <p>CONTENTS:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. ENGLAND AS IT IS.</p> + <p>2. SALMON FISHERIES.</p> + <p>3. SOUTHEY'S LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE.</p> + <p>4. LAMANISM IN TARTARY AND THIBET.</p> + <p>5. VICTOR COUSIN.</p> + <p>6. SPAIN AND SPANISH POLITICS.</p> + <p>7. SHALL WE RETAIN OUR COLONIES?</p> + <p>8. THE DEFEAT OF ITALY.</p> + <p>9. ULTRAMONTANE DOUBTS.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>London: <span class="sc">Longman & Co</span>. Edinburgh: <span + class="sc">A. & C. Black</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE of BOOKS.—The New Number for APRIL is + ready this day, and can be had <i>Gratis</i>, on application. Amongst + others, it contains a large Selection of Books on Painting and the Fine + Arts, from the Library of the late Sir M. A. Shee, President of the Royal + Academy; a few articles from the late Duke of Cambridge's Collection; + Works on Political Economy and History; Books of Ballads; the Drama, + &c. &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">John Miller</span>, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar + Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 295 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page295"></a>{295}</span></p> + + <p>Just published, in One thick Volume, 8vo. cloth, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>WILLIAM PENN; an <span class="sc">Historical Biography</span>, from + New Sources. With an extra Chapter on "The Macaulay Charges." By <span + class="sc">William Hepworth Dixon</span>. With a Portrait.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Within the compass of an octavo volume Mr. Dixon has compressed a + great variety of facts, many original, and all skilfully arranged, so as + to produce an authentic moral portrait of his hero. The literary merits + of the volume include great research, and a narrative at once consecutive + and vivid.... It makes an undeniable exposure of blunders committed by + Mr. Macaulay in reference to its hero, which will go far to compromise + his character as a historian."—<i>Athenęum.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London: <span class="sc">Chapman and Hall</span>, 193. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.</p> + + <p>Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="scac">DIRECTORS.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Henry Ker Seymer</span>, Esq., M.P., Hanford, Dorset, Chairman.</p> + <p><span class="sc">John Villiers Shelley</span>, Esq., Maresfield Park, Sussex, Deputy-Chairman.</p> + <p>John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., M.P., Ipswich.</p> + <p>William Cubitt, Esq., Great George Street, Westminster.</p> + <p>Henry Currie, Esq., M.P., West Horsley, Surrey.</p> + <p>Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq., Claybrook Hall, Lutterworth.</p> + <p>William Fisher Hobbs, Esq., Boxted Lodge, Colchester.</p> + <p>Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P., Eaton Square, London.</p> + <p>Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George Street.</p> + <p>Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode Park, Bucks.</p> + <p>William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London.</p> + <p>William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This Company is empowered to execute—</p> + + <p>1. All works of Drainage (including Outfalls through adjoining + Estates), Irrigation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and otherwise improving + Land.</p> + + <p>2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings necessary for the + cultivation of Land.</p> + + <p>3. To execute Improvements, under Contract, with Commissioners of + Sewers, Local Boards of Health, Corporations, Trustees, and other Public + Bodies.</p> + + <p>4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by + Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works, to + resell them with a Title communicated by the Company's Act.</p> + + <p>Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations, + Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited Interests + may obtain the use of the Company's Powers to carry out every kind of + permanent Improvement, either by the Application of their own or the + Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on the Property improved.</p> + + <p>Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">William Clifford</span>, Secretary.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Offices, 52. Parliament Street,</p> + <p>Westminster.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ARNOLD'S SELECT PLAYS OF SOPHOCLES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES.</p> + + <p>In 12mo. price 3<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE PHILOCTETES of SOPHOCLES, with <span class="sc">English + Notes</span>, translated from the German of <span class="sc">F. W. + Schneidewin</span>, by the Rev. <span class="sc">R. B. Paul, M.A.</span>, + and edited by the Rev. <span class="sc">T. K. Arnold, M.A.</span> Rector + of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rivingtons</span>, St. Paul's Church Yard, and + Waterloo Place;</p> + + <p>Of whom may be had, uniformly printed and edited,</p> + + <p>1. The AJAX of SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for April contains, among other + articles:—The Character of Charles II. by Peter Cunningham, Esq., + F.S.A., being Chapter IV. of the History of Nell Gwyn.—Unpublished + Poems of Alex. Gill.—The Dukes of Guise.—Chalcondyles and the + English.—Bishop Stanley—Original Letter of Pres. John + Adams.—Saint Francis and the Franciscans.—The Bell of Saint + Patrick.—Totnes Castle (with a Plate).—Anecdotes of the + Protectorate, by Dr. H. Sampson.—Ancient Scottish Seals (with + several Engravings).—Mr. Macaulay and Penn.—With Notes of the + Month, Review of New Publications, Reports of Antiquarian Societies. + Historical Chronicle, and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>, including + Memoirs of the Marquess of Northampton, Countess of Charleville, Lord + Berners, Lord Bexley, Sir F. Lawley, Sir Wm. Owen Barlow, Sir John Tobin, + Charles Spence, Esq., Q.C., James Sedgwick, Esq., Joanna Baillie, Rev. A. + Brandram, Rev. H. H. Norris, and other eminent persons recently deceased. + Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nichols</span> and <span class="sc">Son</span>, 25. + Parliament Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>STOCK of THEOLOGICAL BOOKS of Messrs. <span class="sc">Ives</span> and + <span class="sc">Swan</span>, late of Paternoster-Row; an authentic + Portrait of William Huntington; Baily on Annuities, 207 Copies, + &c.</p> + + <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by + AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on SATURDAY, April 12, and + Five following Days, Sunday and Good Friday excepted, the Extensive STOCK + of THEOLOGICAL BOOKS, Ancient and Modern, mostly in the English Language, + including a valuable Collection of the Works of the Puritan Divines, + Commentators on the Scriptures, Ecclesiastical Historians, and + Miscellaneous Writers. Catalogues will be sent on application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>In the Press, Volumes III. and IV. of</p> + + <p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By <span class="sc">Edward Foss, F.S.A.</span> + Comprehending the period from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to + 1485.</p> + + <p>Lately published, price 28<i>s.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Volumes</span> I. and II. of the same Work; from the + Conquest to the end of Henry III., 1066 to 1272.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated + with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss has + brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many errors, + and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it + successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation; + and such taste and judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion + requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his + work as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical + history."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London: <span class="sc">Longman, Brown, Green</span>, and <span + class="sc">Longmans</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Second Edition, cloth, 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE GREEK CHURCH; a Sketch. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian + Union."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Anything written by the Author of 'Proposals for Christian Union' is + sure to be distinguished by an excellent spirit. The 'Greek Church,' a + Sketch, is well put together; and, though slight, will be found to + contain as much real information as many a book of greater size and more + pretension."—<i>The Guardian.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>By the same, now ready, price 4<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>A SUPPLEMENT ON THE DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE OF THE GREEK CHURCH.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We characterised the interesting little volume entitled 'The Greek + Church' as historical rather than doctrinal. The title of this Supplement + shows that it expressly supplies the very material in which the original + work was deficient."—<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This Essay and Supplement conclude the Series. The four preceding + Essays of Unity on sale. Second Edition, 1<i>s.</i> each.</p> + + <p>London: <span class="sc">James Darling</span>, Great Queen Street, + Lincoln's-Inn-Fields.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 296 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page296"></a>{296}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>MURRAY'S ENGLISH HANDBOOKS.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">I.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Early in April will be published, as a Pocket Volume, 16mo.,</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK OF MODERN LONDON; Or, <span class="sc">London as it is, in + 1851</span>: giving full Descriptions of all Places and Objects of + Interest in the Metropolis, including the various</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Palaces.</p> + <p>Public Buildings.</p> + <p>Government Offices.</p> + <p>Galleries of Art.</p> + <p>Churches.</p> + <p>Parks and Gardens.</p> + <p>Museums.</p> + <p>Private Mansions.</p> + <p>Principal Streets.</p> + <p>Hospitals and Asylums.</p> + <p>Clubs.</p> + <p>Exhibitions.</p> + <p>Theatres.</p> + <p>Public Monuments.</p> + <p>River Thames.</p> + <p>Docks.</p> + <p>Excursions in the Environs.</p> + <p>Conveyances, &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>*** The aim of this Work is to describe those Features of the + Metropolis best worth seeing, and the way they may be seen to the best + advantage, as well as to give some general hints as to Hotels, Lodgings, + &c.; in other words, it is intended to make "<span + class="sc">Murray's Handbook of Modern London</span>" on the plan adopted + with so much success in "<span class="sc">Murray's Continental + Handbooks</span>."</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>WESTMINSTER ABBEY: Its <span class="sc">Art, Architecture</span>, and + <span class="sc">Associations</span>. By <span class="sc">Peter + Cunningham, F.S.A.</span> New Edition. 16mo.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>THE BRITISH MUSEUM: Its <span class="sc">Antiquities</span> and <span + class="sc">Sculpture</span>. By <span class="sc">W. S. W. Vaux, + F.S.A.</span> Woodcuts. Post 8vo. (In April.)</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>THE GALLERIES OF PICTURES IN AND NEAR LONDON. Including <span + class="sc">The National Gallery; Windsor Castle; Hampton Court; Dulwich + Gallery; Soane's Museum; Barry's Pictures</span>. With Catalogues, and + Biographical and Critical Notices. By <span class="sc">Mrs. + Jameson</span>. Post 8vo. 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK OF LONDON: <span class="sc">Past</span> and <span + class="sc">Present</span>. By <span class="sc">Peter Cunningham, + F.S.A.</span> Containing full Descriptions of all the</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Remarkable Old Inns, Coffee Houses, and Taverns.</p> + <p>Town Houses of the Old Nobility.</p> + <p>Old London Sights.</p> + <p>Ancient Theatres and Crosses.</p> + <p>The Hostels of Church Dignitaries.</p> + <p>Privileged Places for Debtors.</p> + <p>Old London Prisons.</p> + <p>Places referred to by Old Writers.</p> + <p>The Churches and Wards of London.</p> + <p>Residences of Remarkable Men.</p> + <p>Remarkable Streets.</p> + <p>Burial Places of Eminent Individuals.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Second Edition, revised. Post 8vo. 16<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">VI.</p> + + <p>WINDSOR AND ETON: <span class="sc">The Castle, St. George's + Chapel</span>, and <span class="sc">Eton College</span>. By <span + class="sc">Edward Jesse</span>. New Edition. 16mo. 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">VII.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK <span class="scac">OF</span> ENGLAND <span + class="scac">AND</span> WALES; giving an Account of the Places and + Objects in England best worth visiting, or likely to attract the Notice + of Intelligent Strangers and passing Travellers; arranged in connexion + with the most frequented Roads and Railways in England. With Maps. Post + 8vo.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Part I.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">The Eastern Counties: Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge</span>, +and <span class="sc">Lincoln</span>. (Nearly ready.)</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Part VII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Devon and Cornwall</span>. (Ready.)</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">VIII.</p> + + <p>THE OFFICIAL HANDBOOK; or, <span class="sc">A Manual</span> of <span + class="sc">Political</span> and <span class="sc">Historical + Reference</span>. Fcap 8vo.</p> + + <p>*** This Work shows concisely the Machinery by which the <span + class="sc">Government</span> of the Country is carried on, including the + Duties, Authorities, and Rights of the <span class="sc">Queen</span> and + <span class="sc">Royal Family</span>, and coupling with the Names of all + the <span class="sc">Chief Functionaries</span> and <span + class="sc">Heads of Offices, Civil, Military, Judicial</span>, and <span + class="sc">Ecclesiastical</span>, such a succinct Account of the + Departments of each, with their Political Relations, as will, it is + hoped, render it useful to all desirous to make themselves acquainted + with British Institutions.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New + Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, + in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George + Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in + the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, April 12. 1851.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 76, April +12, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 26896-h.htm or 26896-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/8/9/26896/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 76, April 12, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26896] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{273} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 76.] +SATURDAY, APRIL 12. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Could Shakespeare have designated Cleopatra "Yond + ribald-rid Nag of Egypt?" by S. W. Singer 273 + Browne's Britannia's Pastorals, by C. Forbes 274 + Minor Notes:--"In the Sweat of thy Brow"--Anecdote + of Old Times--Foreign English--Britannicus + --Honeymoon--Fees at Westminster Abbey--Turning + the Tables 275 + + QUERIES: + Authors of the Rolliad--Pursuits of Literature, by Dawson + Turner 276 + Account of a large ancient Wood-engraving 277 + Minor Queries:--Viaggi di Enrico Wanton--Gloucester + Alarm--Where is Criston, co. Somerset?-- + "There was a Maid of Westmoreland"--Anthony + Bridges--Barlaam and Josaphat--"Stick At Nothing" + --"Ejusdem Farinae"--Batail--The Knights of Malta + --General Pardons--"Too wise to err" 277 + + REPLIES:-- + Thomas May 279 + Duchess of Buckingham 280 + San Grail 281 + The Frozen Horn 282 + Bab at the Bowster 282 + Oliver Cromwell and his Dealings with the Devil 282 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Gig Hill--Epigram against + Burke--Engraved Portrait--Salgado's Slaughter-house + --Mathew's Mediterranean Passage--The Mitre and + the "Cloven Tongues"--Slums--"God's Acre"-- + Wages in the last Century--Tradesmen's Signs-- + Standfast's Cordial Comforts, &c.--St. Pancras-- + Lines on Woman's Will--Scandal against Queen + Elizabeth--Coggeshall Job--Whale caught at Greenwich + before the Death of Cromwell--Fronte Capillata, + &c.--John Sanderson, or the Cushion-dance--George + Steevens and William Stevens--Tradescant--Origin + of Harlequins--"Predeceased" and "Designed"-- + "Quadrijugis invectus equis," &c.--St. John's Bridge + Fair--Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe--Lord + Howard of Effingham--Separation of the Sexes in + Church--Vox Populi Vox Dei--Mazer Wood--Traditions + from remote Periods through few Hands-- + Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli--"Harry + Parry, when will you marry?"--Visions of Hell-- + "Laus tua non tua Fraus," &c.--Passage from Cymbeline + --Engraved Warming-pans--Symbolism of the + Fir-cone--Dr. Robert Thomlinson--Touching for + the Evil--Drax Free School, &c. 283 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 293 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 293 + Notices to Correspondents 294 + Advertisements 294 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +COULD SHAKESPEARE HAVE DESIGNATED CLEOPATRA "YOND RIBALD-RID NAG OF EGYPT?" + +To judge of this question fairly, it will be necessary to cite the passage +in which it occurs, as it stands in the folio, Act III. Sc. 8., somewhat at +large. + + "_Eno._ Naught, naught, all naught! I can behold no longer; + Th' Antoniad, the Egyptian admiral, + With all their sixty, fly, and turn the rudder; + To see't, mine eyes are blasted. + + _Enter_ SCARUS. + + _Scar._ Gods and goddesses, all the whole synod of them! + + _Eno._ What's the passion? + + _Scar._ The greater cantle of the world is lost + With very ignorance; we have kiss'd away + Kingdoms and provinces. + + _Eno._ How appears the fight? + + _Scar._ On our side like the token'd pestilence, + Where death is sure. Yond _ribaudred Nagge_ of Egypt, + Whom leprosy o'ertake, i' the midst o' the fight + When vantage like a pair of twins appear'd, + Both as the same, or rather ours the elder, + The Breeze upon her, like a cow in June, + Hoists sail and flies. + + _Eno._ That I beheld: + Mine eyes did sicken at the sight, and could not + Endure a further view. + + _Scar._ She once being loof'd, + The noble ruin of her magick, Antony, + Claps on his sea-wing, and, like a doting mallard, + Leaving the fight in height, flies after her; + I never saw an action of such shame; + Experience, manhood, honour, ne'er before + Did violate so itself. + + _Eno._ Alack, alack!" + +The notes in the variorum edition begin by one from Johnson, in which he +says: + + "The word is in the old edition _ribaudred_, which I do not understand, + but mention it in hopes that others may raise some happy conjecture." + +Then Steevens, after having told us that a _ribald_ is a _lewd fellow_, +says: + + "_Ribaudred_, the old reading, is I believe no more than a corruption. + Shakspeare, who is not always very nice about his versification, might + have written, + + 'Yon _ribald-rid_ nag of Egypt'-- + + _i.e._ Yon strumpet, who is common to every wanton fellow." + +Malone approves Steevens's _ribald-rid_, but adds, + + "By _ribald_, Scarus, I think, means the lewd Antony in particular, not + _every_ lewd fellow." + +{274} + +Tyrwhitt saw the necessity of reading _hag_ instead of _nag_, and says what +follows seems to prove it: + + "She once being loof'd, + The noble ruin of her magick, Antony, + Claps on his sea-wing." + +It is obvious that the poet would not have made Scarus speak of Antony as +the noble ruin of Cleopatra's magick, and of his manhood and honour, and in +the same breath designate him as a ribald. He would be much more likely to +apply the epithet _lewd hag_ to such an enchantress as Cleopatra, than that +of _ribald-rid nag_, which I feel convinced never entered the imagination +of the poet. + +Imperfect acquaintance with our older language has been too frequently the +weak point of the commentators; and we see here our eminent lexicographer +confessing his ignorance of a word which the dictionaries of the poet's age +would have enabled him readily to explain. For although we have not the +participle _ribaudred_, which may be peculiar to the poet, in Baret's +_Alvearie_ we find "_Ribaudrie_, vilanie in actes or wordes, filthiness, +uncleanness"--"A _ribaudrous_ and filthie tongue, os obscoenum et +impudicum:" in Minsheu, _ribaudrie_ and _ribauldrie_, which is the +prevailing orthography of the word, and indicates its sound and derivation +from the French, rather than from the Italian _ribalderia_. + +That _nagge_ is a misprint for _hagge_, will be evident from the +circumstance, that in the first folio we have a similar error in the _Merry +Wives of Windsor_, Act IV. Sc. 2., where instead of "you witch, you +_hagge_," it is misprinted "you witch, you _ragge_." It is observable that +_hagge_ is the form in which the word is most frequently found in the +folios, and it is the epithet the poet applies to a witch or enchantress. + +I cannot, therefore, but consider the alteration of the text by Steevens as +one of the most violent and uncalled-for innovations of which he has been +guilty; and he himself seems to have had his misgivings, for his +observation that Shakspeare "is not always very nice about his +versification" was meant as an apology for marring its harmony by the +substitution of _ribald-rid_ for the poet's own _ribaudred_. + +It is to me a matter of surprise that Mr. Collier and Mr. Knight, in their +laudable zeal for adherence as closely as possible to the old copies, +should not have perceived the injury done both to the sense and harmony of +the passage by this unwarrantable substitution. + +S. W. SINGER. + + * * * * * + +BROWNE'S BRITANNIA'S PASTORALS. + +I have lately been amusing myself by reading the small volume with this +title published in Clarke's _Cabinet Series_, 1845. + +Among the many pleasing passages that I met with in its pages, _two_ in +particular struck me as being remarkable for their beauty; but I find that +neither of them is cited by either Ellis or Campbell. (See Ellis, +_Specimens of the Early English Poets_, 4th edition, corrected, 1811; and +the Campbell, _Specimens of the British Poets_, 1819.) + +Indeed Campbell says of Browne: + + "His poetry is not without beauty; but it is the beauty of mere + landscape and allegory, without the manners and passions that + constitute human interest."--Vol. iii. p. 323. + +Qualified by some such expression as--_too often--generally--in almost +every instance_,--the last clause might have passed,--standing as it does, +it appears to me to give anything but a fair idea of the poetry of the +_Pastorals_. My two favourites are the "Description of Night"-- + + "Now great Hyperion left his golden throne," &c., + +(consisting of twenty-six lines)--book ii. song 1. (Clarke, p. 186.) and +the "Lament of the Little Shepherd for his friend Philocel"-- + + "With that the little shepherd left his task," &c., + +(forty-four lines)--book ii. song 4. (Clarke, p. 278.) + +If you will allow me to quote a short extract from each passage, it may +enable the reader to see how far I am justified in protesting against +Campbell's criticism; and I will then try to support the pretensions of the +last, by showing that much of the very same imagery that it contains is to +be found in other writings of acknowledged merit:-- + + I. FROM THE "DESCRIPTION OF NIGHT." + + "And as Night's chariot through the air was driven, + Clamour grew dumb, unheard was shepherd's song, + And silence girt the woods: no warbling tongue + Talk'd to the echo; satyrs broke their dance, + And all the upper world lay in a trance. + Only the curled streams soft chidings kept, + And little gales that from the green leaf swept + Dry summer's dust, in fearful whisp'rings stirr'd, + As loath to waken any singing bird." + + II. FROM THE "LAMENT OF THE LITTLE SHEPHERD." + + "See! yonder hill where he was wont to sit, + A cloud doth keep the golden sun from it, + And for his seat, (as teaching us) hath made + A mourning covering with a scowling shade. + The dew in every flower, this morn, hath lain, + Longer than it was wont, this side the plain, + Belike they mean, since my best friend must die, + To shed their silver drops as he goes by. + Not all this day here, nor in coming hither, + Heard I the sweet birds tune their songs together, + Except one nightingale in yonder dell + Sigh'd a sad elegy for Philocel. + Near whom a wood-dove kept no small ado, + To bid me, in her language, '_Do so too_'-- + The wether's bell, that leads our flock around, + Yields, as methinks, this day a deader sound. + {275} + The little sparrows which in hedges creep, + Ere I was up did seem to bid me weep. + If these do so, can I have feeling less, + That am more apt to take and to express? + No--let my own tunes be the mandrake's groan, + If now they tend to mirth when all have none." + +Both these passages may have been quoted by some of Campbell's +predecessors. This might justify him in not repeating them, but _not_ in +writing the criticism to which I have ventured to object. His work holds a +high rank in English literature--it is taken as a text-book by _the +generality of readers_; for which reasons I think that every dictum it lays +down ought to be examined with more than usual care and attention. + +Compare with different parts of the "Lament:" + + "And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves, + Dewy with nature's tear drops, as they pass, + Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, + Over the unreturning brave,--alas! + Ere evening to be trodden like the grass," &c.--_Childe Harold_, Canto + iii. St. 27. + + "The morning of the day on which the farmer was to be buried, was + rendered remarkable by the uncommon denseness of an autumnal fog. To + Mrs. Mason's eye, it threw a gloom over the face of nature; nor, when + it gradually yielded to the influence of the sun, and slowly retiring + from the valley, hung, as if rolled into masses, mid-way upon the + mountains, did the changes thus produced excite any admiration. Still, + wherever she looked, all seemed to wear the aspect of sadness. As she + passed from Morrison's to the house of mourning, the shocks of yellow + corn, spangled with dewdrops, appeared to her to stand as mementos of + the vanity of human hopes, and the inutility of human labours. The + cattle, as they went forth to pasture, lowing as they went, seemed as + if lamenting that the hand which fed them was at rest; and even the + Robin-red-breast, whose cheerful notes she had so often listened to + with pleasure, now seemed to send forth a song of sorrow, expressive of + dejection and woe."--Miss Hamilton's _Cottagers of Glenburnie_, chap. + xii. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +"_In the Sweat of thy Brow_" (Vol. ii., p. 374.).--To the scriptural +misquotation referred to, you may add another: + + "In the sweat of thy _brow_ shalt thou eat bread." + +The true text reads,-- + + "In the sweat of thy _face_ shalt thou eat bread."--Gen. iii. 19. + +The misquotation is so common, that a reference to a concordance is +necessary for proving to many persons that it is not a scripture phrase. + +J. GALLATLY. + + [In the Wickliffite Bible lately published by the University of Oxford, + the words are, "swoot of thi cheer _or face_," and in some MSS. "cheer + _ether bodi_."] + +_Anecdotes of Old Times_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--A friend of mine has +furnished me with the following particulars, which may, perhaps, be +interesting to A. A. + +When the aunt of my friend married and began housekeeping, there were only +two tea-kettles besides her own in the town of Knighton, Radnorshire. The +clergyman of the parish forbad the use of tea in his family; but his sister +kept a small tea service in the drawer of the table by which she sat at +work in the afternoon, and secretly made herself a cup of tea at four +o'clock, gently closing the drawer if she heard her brother approach. This +clergyman's daughter died, at an advanced age, in 1850. + +My friend's mother (who was born a year or two before the battle of +Culloden), having occasion to visit London while living at Ludlow, went by +the waggon, at that time the only public conveyance on that road. A friend +of her's wished to place her daughter at a school in Worcester, and as she +kept no carriage, and was unable to ride on horseback, then the usual mode +of travelling, she _walked_ from her residence in Knighton to Ludlow, and +thence to Worcester, accompanied by her daughter, who rode at a gentle pace +beside her. + +WEDSECNARF. + +_Foreign English._--The following handbill is a specimen of German English, +and is stuck up among other notices in the inn at Rastadt: + + "ADVICE OF AN HOTEL. + + "The underwritten has the honour of informing the public that he has + made the acquisition of the hotel to the Savage, well situated in the + middle of this city. He shall endeavour to do all duties which + gentlemen travellers can justly expect; and invites them to please to + convince themselves of it by their kind lodgings at his house. + + BASIL JR. SINGISEM. + + Before the tenant of the Hotel to the Stork in this city." + +BLOWEN. + +_Britannicus._--I gather the following anecdote from the chapter "Paper +Wars of the Civil Wars" in Disraeli's _Quarrels of Authors_. Sir John +(Birkenhead) is the representative of the _Mercurius Aulicus_, the Court +Gazette; Needham, of a Parliamentary _Diurnal_. + + "Sir John never condescends formally to reply to Needham, for which he + gives this singular reason: 'As for this libeller, we are still + resolved to take no notice, till we find him able to spell his own + name, which to this hour BRITANNICUS never did.' In the next number of + Needham, who had always written it _Brittanicus_, the correction was + silently adopted." + +A similar error occurs on the shilling and six-penny pieces of George III., +circa 1817 (those {276} most frequently met with in the present +circulation), whilst the cotemporary crowns and half-crowns have the +correct orthography. + +R. W. C. + +_Honeymoon._--Among my memoranda I find that, on January 31, 1845, an +accomplished Welsh lady said to me, that the common expression "Honeymoon" +was "probably derived from the old practice in Wales of drinking +_metheglin_ for thirty days after the marriage of a bride and bridegroom. A +_metheglin_ jollification for thirty days among the relatives and friends +of the newly married pair." The _metheglin_ is a fermented liquor, of some +potency, made from honey. The lady asked me, at the same time, if _honey_ +was used by the ancient Greeks or Romans in the preparation of a fermented +liquor. I said that I recollected no such use of honey among them, but that +the ancient Greeks seemed to have brewed a _beer_ of some kind from barley +or other grain, as allusion was made to it by Aristophanes. Perhaps this +notice of the "honeymoon" may draw forth some information from your +correspondents who are learned in "folk lore." In the Old Testament there +are many passages alluding to the use of honey, but none of them appear to +indicate its having been employed in making a fermented beverage. Lucretius +alludes to the practice of enticing children to swallow disagreeable +medicine by anointing the edge of the cup with honey. + +G. F. G. + +Edinburgh. + +_Fees at Westminster Abbey._--The custom of taking fees at Westminster +Abbey is of very ancient date, and was always unpopular. Shirley alludes to +it in his pleasant comedy called _The Bird in a Cage_, when Bonomico, a +mountebank, observes-- + + "I talk as glib, + Methinks, as he that _farms the monuments_." + +The dean and chapter, however, in those days were more moderate in their +demands, for the price of admission was but one penny to the whole. + + "This grant was made to the chapter in 1597, on condition that, + receiving the benefit of the exhibition of the monuments, they should + keep the same monuments always clean," &c.--See _Reply from the Dean + and Chapter to an Order of the House of Commons_, 1827. + +BLOWEN. + +_Turning the Tables._--In Bingley's _Useful Knowledge_, under the head of +MAPLE, I chanced to hit upon the following the other day: + + "By the Romans maple wood, when knotted and veined, was highly prized + for furniture. When boards large enough for constructing tables were + found, the extravagance of purchasers was incredible: to such an extent + was it carried, that when a Roman accused his wife of expending his + money on pearls, jewels, or similar costly trifles, she used to retort, + and turn the tables on her husband. Hence our expression of 'turning + the tables.'" + +Can any of your kind contributors supply a better derivation? + +[Omega]. [Phi]. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD--PURSUITS OF LITERATURE. + +I cannot doubt but that many of your readers feel with me under great +obligations to your very able and obliging correspondents, LORD BRAYBROOKE +and MR. MARKLAND, for the information afforded us upon the subject of the +writers of the Rolliad. And, though not many of them are, probably, +sufficiently old to remember as I do--if not the actual publication of that +work, yet, at least, the excitement produced by its appearance--I apprehend +that the greater number are aware that it really did produce a great +sensation; and that, as with the _Letters of Junius_ before it, and the +_Pursuits of Literature_ subsequently, public curiosity for a long time +busied itself in every direction to detect the able and daring authors. +With this impression, I have been not a little surprised to find, since the +notice of the work in your pages, that I have failed in tracing any account +of it in the two books to which I naturally turned, the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ and Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes_. Very thankful therefore should +I be if any of our correspondents would direct my inquiries to a better +channel, and particularly if they would guide me to information respecting +the authors,--for here I am completely at fault. I allude more especially +to Richardson, Tickell, and General Fitzpatrick; who, I doubt not, were men +of such notoriety and standing in their day, that "not to know them, argues +myself unknown." And yet, humiliating as is this acknowledgment, it is far +better to make it than to remain in ignorance; for the case can surely not +be one "where ignorance is bliss," and where, consequently, "'tis folly to +be wise." + +I need hardly beg it to be understood, that, in grouping together the +_Rolliad_, the _Pursuits of Literature_, and _Junius' Letters_, I by no +means intended to place them upon an equality; and here I may inform your +correspondent S. T. D. (what a pity that you do not require every one to +give his name at length!) that the fact of Mr. Matthias being the author of +the second of these works was scarcely made a secret by his family after he +went to Italy. Indeed, for some time previously, it was well known to +myself from what passed at this house, where he was a frequent visitor, and +where I should at any time be happy to give S. T. D. ocular demonstration +of it, by the production of the letters addressed to the {277} "Anonymous +Author of the _Pursuits of Literature_," accompanied in some cases with his +own answers. + +DAWSON TURNER. + +Yarmouth, April 1. 1851. + + * * * * * + +ACCOUNT OF A LARGE ANCIENT WOOD-ENGRAVING. + +Perhaps some of your readers may be able to give me information regarding a +large and very elaborate woodcut, which has been many years in my +possession, and obviously has been used as the fly-leaf of some folio +volume, though, of course not originally intended for such a purpose. It is +so complicated, that I fear I shall have some difficulty in explaining it, +and my explanation may require more space than you may be willing to afford +me. You can, however, insert my Query at any time when you have room to +spare. + +The size of the engraving, is 16 inches by 13, and it is divided into two +large oblong circles, and a centre; a story being carried on, clearly +allegorically, from the outer circle to the second, and from the second to +the centre. I will speak of each, beginning with the outer, which is +entered by a portico, consisting of two columns and a round arch; on the +base of one of the columns is a monogran of the artist or of the engraver, +formed of the letters R. D. Under the arch is seated a lady richly attired, +who holds a large cup and cover in her left hand, and around her are +fourteen naked children, to one of which she seems tendering the chalice; +while a bearded old man, with a scroll, is directing attention to what is +going on in the outer circle. Passing under this portico we see, +immediately behind it, six ladies, three religious and three secular; while +to the right of the three secular ladies is a naked, winged female figure, +with her foot on a sphere, a large goblet in her right hand, and some +objects that look like fetters in her left hand. To the right of this +figure are many others of both sexes, but nearer the spectator, some +tranquil and some in despair; while, within a sort of pavilion, we see a +young lady and an old gentleman banquetting, and in another compartment in +bed. Still farther to the right of the winged figure are persons who appear +to be escaping from torments, while a young man in rags is making his way +towards a person in a religious habit, who has a scourge in his hand; +behind these are two persons under a miserable thatched shed, while a lady +is pointing out to a young man what is to be observed in the second circle. + +This division is entered by another gate consisting of two square +ornamental columns supporting a low gable, beneath which a lady, with a +cross on the cape of her dress, is receiving a young man. The persons in +this circle are very variously employed: on the right of the spectator are +rocks with one man climbing up them, and another fallen headlong: on the +left are five persons, male and female, engaged in singing and playing, and +near them two men performing military music on a drum and fife; to their +right are groups of philosophers and men of science with spheres, +astrolabes, books, compasses, &c., and one wearing a laurel crown with a +scroll in his hand, probably a poet. + +We then come to the centre, or inner circle, which is entered by a wooden +gate of the simplest construction, and under it is a religious lady with a +young erect female on her right hand, and a supplicating male, in tattered +garments, on her left. Beyond these are six females, variously clad, some +with flowing hair, some in close caps, and others with _nebulae_ round their +heads. A little to the right of these is a throned lady, with a crown of +peculiar construction on her head, and a sceptre in her hand, before whom +kneels a female figure, upon whose brows the throned lady is about to place +a coronet. Behind the throne is what appears to be a conventual building of +rather singular appearance, with round, square, and octagon towers, and +surrounded by a battlemented wall. Considerably to the right of the throned +lady is a figure clearly intended for some booted king wearing a crown and +a collar of esses: on one side of him is a severe looking dame, fully clad +and with flowing hair; and on the other a younger lady, also with flowing +hair, and with her bosom bare. + +Such is the woodcut regarding which I request some intelligence from your +readers, as I have shown it to several persons, who I thought could +enlighten me, but who could afford me no satisfaction. I suspect, from the +costumes and the edificies, that it is German; and I ought to have +mentioned that each circle is separated from the others by a low stone wall +running all around, and that trees, hills, and fountains are not sparingly +introduced. In the whole, it includes nearly a hundred figures of men, +women, and children. + +THE HERMIT OF HOLYPORT. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Viaggi di Enrico Wanton._--A fiction, upon the same plan as _Gulliver's +Travels_, describing the visit of two Europeans to communities of monkeys +and cynocephali, and written by a Venetian named Zaccaria Seriman, was +printed at Venice in 1749, and again in 1764. A third citation, with the +title-page _Delli Viaggi de Enrico Wanton alle Terre Australi, nuova +Edizione_, was printed in London in 1772, "presso Tommaso Brewman +Stampatore in Wych Street, Temple Bar," in 4 vols. 8vo. This edition is +dedicated to George III. by "L'umilissimo e fedelissimo suddito, Enrico +Wanton." Can any of your correspondents explain how this work {278} (which +is of no great literary merit) came to be reprinted in England, and +dedicated to the king? + +A notice of Seriman's life may be found in the _Biographie Universelle_. + +L. + +_Gloucester Alarm._--In the archives of Lyme Regis is this entry: + + "_Town Accompt Book._ + + "1661. For the four soldiers and drummers for service on the Gloucester + alarm and candles, 10s. 0d." + +What was the "Gloucester alarm?" + +G. R. + +_Where is Criston, County Somerset?_--Mr. Vaughan, a young man who was to +have joined the Duke of Monmouth, was of that house or place. + +G. R. + +"_There was a Maid of Westmoreland._"--"Some fifty summers past," I was in +the habit of hearing sung a simple ballad, which commenced-- + + "There was a maid of Westmoreland, + Who built her house upon the sand:" + +and the conclusion of which was, that, however desolate and exposed a +situation that might be for her dwelling, it was better than in "the haunts +of men." This was said to have been written by the late Mr. Thomas +Sheridan. I never heard by whom the music to it, which was very pretty, was +composed; nor whether or not it was published. + +Can any of your correspondents supply the words of this old ballad, and +state the name of the composer of the music to it? Also whether it was +published, and, if so, by whom? + +E. H. + +_Anthony Bridges._--In the Hampshire Visitation of 1622, Harl. MS. 1544. +fo. 25., appears the marriage of Barbara, second daughter of Sir Richard +Pexsall, of Beaurepaire, in co. Southampton, by Ellinor his wife, daughter +of William Pawlett, Marquis of Winchester, to "Anthony Bridges." That Sir +Richard Pexsall died in 1571, is the only clue I have to the date of the +match. + +Query, Who was this Anthony Bridges, and did he leave issue? + +Is it possible that this is the identical Anthony, third surviving son of +Sir John Bridges, first Baron Chandos of Sudeley, respecting whose fate +there is so much uncertainty? He is presumed to have married a daughter of +Fortescue of Essex, but the collateral evidence on which the supposition is +founded is too slight to be satisfactory. Little is known but that he was +born before 1532; that he was living in 1584 (in which year he was +presented to the living of Meysey Hampton in Gloucestershire, the county in +which he resided); and that he had a son Robert, upon a presumed descent +from whom the late Sir Egerton Brydges founded his well-known claim to the +barony of Chandos of Sudeley. + +O. C. + +_Barlaam and Josaphat_ (Vol. iii., p. 135.).--I was much interested in MR. +STEPHENS' remarks on the Rev. W. Adams's beautiful allegory, and would be +glad to know from him, or some other of your learned correspondents, _what +English translations there are_ of this "spiritual romance in Greek;" where +I may find an account or notice of the work, or get a copy of it. + +JARLTZBERG. + +"_Stick at Nothing._"--The expression "stop at nothing" occurs in the +following couplet in Dryden's _Aurengzebe_: + + "The world is made for the bold impious man, + Who _stops at nothing_, seizes all he can." + +And Pope, in one of his letters, has the expression "stick at nothing," +where he says: + + "The three chief qualifications of party-writers are, to _stick at + nothing_, to delight in flinging dirt, and to slander in the dark by + guess." + +Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of the word "stick" in +the sense in which it is used by Pope; and how it came to supplant +altogether the more intelligible word "stop," as employed by Dryden? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia, January, 1851. + +"_Ejusdem Farinae._"--Your readers are acquainted with the expression +"ejusdem farinae," and the derogatory sense in which it is employed to +describe things or characters of the same calibre. It was in common use +among clerical disputants after the Reformation; and Leland has it in the +following remarks respecting certain fabulous interpolations in the _Black +Book_ at Cambridge: + + "Centum sunt ibi, praeterea, ejusdem farinae fabulae." + +I have no doubt, however, that the origin of the expression may be traced +to the scholastic doctors and casuists of the Middle Ages. + +Will any of your correspondents be good enough to explain the circumstances +which gave rise to the adoption of "farina" as a term expressive of +baseness and disparagement? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia, January, 1851. + +_Batail._--Favine, in his _Theatre of Honour_ (b. ii. c. 13), in speaking +of a bell at Menda, says of the clapper of a bell, that "it is a _Bataill_ +in Armes." Was this word ever introduced into English heraldry? The only +instances of bells in English arms that I can discover in the books to +which I have access at present are in the coats of Bell, Porter, Osney, and +Richbell. + +H. N. E. + +_The Knights of Malta._--On the stone corbels which support the roof of one +of the aisles of a church in my neighbourhood, there are carved the +armorial badges of persons who are supposed to have contributed to the +building of the church, which was erected in the thirteenth century. On one +of the corbels (the nearest to the altar, and therefore in the most +honourable place) there is a lamb bearing a flag. The lamb has a nimbus +{279} round its head, and the staff of the flag terminates in a cross like +the head of a processional cross. The device, I have reason to think, was +the badge of the knights of the order of Saint John of Jerusalem, who had a +preceptory in this neighbourhood during the thirteenth century. In the +history of these knights, first of Jerusalem, then of Rhodes, and +afterwards of Malta, I find it stated, that in the year 1130 Pope Innocent +II. commanded that the standard of the knights (at that time settled at +Jerusalem) should be "gules, a full cross argent." + +Will any of your correspondents be so kind as to inform me if the device on +the corbel was the badge of the knights of the order of St. John of +Jerusalem? and if so, at what time they first assumed it? + +S. S. S. + +_General Pardons._--Has any example of a general pardon under the great +seal been ever printed at length? particularly any of those granted after +the restoration of Charles II.? + +J. G. N. + +"_Too wise to err._"--You will oblige many of your readers if you will +inform them from whence the words + + "Too wise to err, too good to be unkind," + +are quoted. + +T. W. A. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +THOMAS MAY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 167.) + +Thomas May, famous amongst the busy characters of his age, both as a +politician and a poet, was the eldest son of Sir Thos. May, Knt., of +Mayfield, in Sussex, where he was born in 1595. At the usual period of +life, he was admitted a fellow-commoner of Sidney Sussex College, +Cambridge; and having taken the degree of B.A. he entered himself at Gray's +Inn, with the intention of studying the law, which, however, it is +uncertain whether he ever pursued as a profession. Whilst he was a student +of the law, he made the acquaintance of Edward Hyde, afterwards Earl of +Clarendon; and became the intimate associate of Ben Jonson, Selden, Cotton, +Sir K. Digby, Thos. Carew[1], "and some others of eminent faculties in +their several ways." + + "His parts of nature and art," writes Clarendon[2], in describing his + character, "were very good, as appears by his translation of Lucan + (none of the easiest work of that kind), and more by his Supplement to + Lucan, which being entirely his own, for the learning, the wit, and the + language, may be well looked upon as one of the best epic poems in the + English language." + +As an elegant writer, indeed, of Latin verse, he is justly numbered amongst +the most successful of the accomplished poets of our nation--Ben Jonson, +Cowley, Milton, Marvell, Crashaw, Addison, Gray, Smart, T. Warton, Sir W. +Jones, &c.--who have devoted their leisure to this species of composition. +Clarendon goes on to say that May was "born to a fortune, if his father had +not spent it; so that he had only an annuity left him, not proportionable +to a liberal education:" + + "Yet since," continues this illustrious authority, "his fortune could + not raise his mind, he brought his mind down to his fortune, by a great + modesty and humility in his nature, which was not affected, but very + well became an imperfection in his speech, which was a great + mortification to him, and kept him from entering upon any discourse but + in the company of his very friends," of whom he had not a few, for "he + was cherished by many persons of honour, and very acceptable in all + places." + +From Charles I., no mean judge of poetry, and a liberal patron of the +Muses, May received much encouragement, and many substantial marks of +favour in the shape of donatives; and it was at the express command of this +monarch that he wrote his historical poem entitled _The Victorious Reigne +of Edward III._ From disgust, however, at the appointment of D'Avenant to +the Laureateship, on the death of Jonson in 1637,--a post to which, +according to what he considered to be his own superior deserts[3], he was +himself justly entitled,--"May fell from his duty, and all his former +friends," and became an active agent in promoting the designs of the +so-called popular leaders. Through the interest of Cromwell, he was +nominated Secretary to the Parliament, in which capacity he wrote a History +of its transactions, a work which was published in 1647. This performance, +which is highly commended by Granger, rendered its author extremely +obnoxious to the royal party, who exercised all their powers of pen to +disparage both the book and its compiler. He is represented by Clarendon, +for instance, "as prostituting himself to the vile office of celebrating +the infamous acts of those who were in rebellion against the king; which he +did so meanly, that he seemed to all men to have lost his wits, when he +left his honesty." Anthony a Wood's account[4] of these matters, and of May +himself, is that + + "He was graciously countenanced by K. Charles I. and his royal consort; + but he, finding not that preferment from either which he expected, grew + discontented, sided with the Presbyterians, and, upon the {280} turn of + the times, became a debauchee _ad omnia_; entertained ill principles as + to religion, spoke often very slightly of the Trinity, kept beastly and + atheistical company, of whom Thos. Challoner, the regicide, was one, + and endeavoured to his power to asperse and invalidate the king and his + cause." + +His acquaintance with Challoner is also alluded to by Aubrey who says[5], +"that his translation of Lucan's excellent poem, made him in love with the +republique." Aubrey adds, he was-- + + "A handsome man, debauched, and lodged in the little square by Cannon + Row, as you go through the alley." + +Clarendon concludes his notice of May by observing that-- + + "Shortly after the publication of his parliamentary history he died, + miserable and neglected, and deserves to be forgotten." + +The fact is, he was found dead in his bed in Nov. 1650; but that he was +"neglected" is not altogether correct. At any rate, he was honoured with a +public funeral, a marble monument, and a laudatory epitaph in Westminster +Abbey,--short-lived dignities! for, at the Restoration, the memorial of his +fame was torn down, whilst his body was exhumed, and, after being treated +with much ignominy, hurled into a large pit in St. Margaret's churchyard +adjoining.--Besides the works above noticed, May also wrote _The +Description of Henry II._, in verse, with _A Short Survey of the Changes of +his Reign_, and _The Single and Comparative Character of Henry and Richard +his Sons_, in prose. Nor was that of Lucan his only translation, for he +rendered into English verse _Virgil's Georgics_ and _Selected Epigrams of +Martial_. He was also the author of five dramas, two of which are given in +Dodsley's _Old Plays_. A now forgotten critic, Henry Headley, B.A., of +Norwich, observes concerning his historical poetics, that May-- + + "Has caught no small portion of the energy and declamatory spirit which + characterises the Roman poet, whom, as he translated, he insensibly + made his model. His battle pieces," our critic continues, "highly merit + being brought forward to notice; they possess the requisites, in a + remarkable degree, for interesting the feelings of an Englishman. While + in accuracy they vie with a gazette, they are managed with such + dexterity, as to busy the mind with unceasing agitation, with scenes + highly diversified and impassioned by striking character, minute + incident, and alarming situation."[6] + +In confirmation of the general propriety and justness of these remarks, I +would refer to the description of "The Den of the Vices" (H. II. b. i.), +and to the accounts of "The Death of Rosamond" (H. II. b. v.), "The Battle +of Cressy" (E. III. b. iii.), and "The Capture of Mortimer" (E. III. b. +i.). These pieces can only be thus vindicated, being much too long for +extracting; but I think a republication of the entire poems would be an +acceptable boon to the public. + +COWGILL. + +[Footnote 1: _The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, &c._, Oxf. 1827.] + +[Footnote 2: The same.] + +[Footnote 3: Southey calls May "the very able competitor of D'Avenant," and +describes him as "a man so honourably known by his translation of Lucan, +and his Supplement to that poet, that it were to be wished he were +remembered for nothing else."--_Biog. Sketches._] + +[Footnote 4: _Athenae Oxon._ Bliss's edit.] + +[Footnote 5: In MSS. Ashmol., as quoted in _Biog. Britann._, from which, +and Chalmer's _Biog. Dict._, the dates, and such of the facts above given, +not otherwise authenticated, are _principally_ derived.] + +[Footnote 6: _Biographical Sketches,_ Lond., 12mo. 1787.] + +Although May's version of Cato's soliloquy is immeasurably below Addison's, +I am inclined to agree with J. H. L., that, on comparing them, it is more +than probable, Addison had May's description of Cato's death in his mind at +the same time he penned the justly celebrated soliloquy in the 5th Act of +his _Cato_. + +E. B. PRICE. + +Cow Cross. + +_Thomas May, the author of the Supplement to Lucan_ (Vol. iii., p. 167), +was the secretary and historian of the Long Parliament. He was born at +Mayfield in 1595; took the degree of B.A. at Sydney-Sussex College, +Cambridge, and afterwards entered Gray's Inn, but devoted himself to +literature. He translated Virgil's _Georgics_, Selected Epigrams of +Martial, and in 1627 Lucan's _Pharsalia_; to the latter, in 1630, he +supplied an English continuation of his own in seven books; intituled, _ A +Continuation of the Subject of Lucan's Historical Poem till the Death of +Julius Caesar_. It was dedicated to Charles. He afterwards published at +Leyden a Latin translation of the seven additional books; this was added to +the Amsterdam and other editions of Lucan, and has established May's fame +as a classic scholar. Andrew Marvell, who saw only an apology for the +doings of the tyrannical parliament in the continuation of Lucan's poem, +calls May-- + + "Most servile wit, and mercenary pen, + Polydore, Lucan, Allan, Vandal, Goth. + Malignant poet and historian both. + Go seek the novice statesmen and obtrude + On them some Roman cast similitude." + +He died suddenly in the night of 13th Nov., 1650, his death being +attributed by Marvell to a little too much indulgence in wine. + + "As one pot drunk into the packet-boat, + Tom May was hurry'd hence, and did not know't." + +W. DURRANT COOPER. + +81. Guilford Street. + + [We are also indebted to BALLIOLENSIS and other correspondents for + general replies to this Query; and to W. S. (Richmond) for a reference + to Baron Maseres' account of him prefixed to his edition of May's + _History of the Long Parliament._] + + * * * * * + +DUCHESS OF BUCKINGHAM. + +(Vol iii., pp. 224, 249.) + +P. C. S. S. believes that a reference to almost any Peerage or work on +British genealogy, would {281} have saved Mr. F. B. RELTON the trouble of +addressing the inquiry at Vol. iii., p. 224. Katherine Sedley, daughter of +Sir Charles Sedley, commemorated in Johnson's line-- + + "And Sedley cursed the form that pleased a king"-- + +was created Countess of Dorchester by James II., and subsequently married +David Collyer, first Earl of Pontmore in Scotland. She died in 1692, having +had by King James a natural daughter, to whom, by royal warrant, that +monarch gave the rank and precedence of a duke's daughter; she was styled +Lady Catherine Darnley, and married first, in October 1699, James, third +Earl of Anglesey, from whom, on account of alleged cruelty on his part, she +was separated by act of parliament in the following year. The earl died in +1701, and his widow married, secondly, in 1705, John Sheffield, first Duke +of Normanby and Buckingham. She died on the 13th of March, 1743, and was +interred with almost regal pomp in Westminster Abbey. By her _first_ +husband (the Earl of Anglesey) she had an only daughter, the Lady Catherine +Annesley, married to Mr. William Phipps, father of the first Lord Mulgrave, +and, consequently, great-grandfather of the present Marquis of Normanby, +who on his recent elevation to that dignity, has, it appears, preferred to +take one of the ducal titles of a nobleman from whom he does _not_ descend, +and of whose blood there does not flow a single drop in his veins, to the +just assumption of the title of one from whom he _does_ descend, and whose +sole representative he undoubtedly is. + +Of the Duchess of Buckingham's inordinate pride, there are some curious +stories in Walpole's Letters to Sir Horace Mann (_sub anno_ 1743). But +perhaps the most remarkable instance of it is to be found in a periodical +paper called the _British Champion_, which was published at that time, and +which is now not commonly to be met. In the No. for April 7, 1743, there is +the following anecdote:-- + + "I have been informed that a lady of high rank, finding her end + approaching, and feeling very uneasy apprehensions of this sort, came + at length to a resolution of sending for a clergyman, of whom she had + heard a very good character, in order to be satisfied as to some + doubts. The first question she asked was whether in heaven (for she + made no doubt of going thither) some respect would not be had to a + woman of such birth and breeding? The good man, for such he really was, + endeavoured to show her the weakness of this notion, and to convince + her that there was, where she was going, no acceptance of persons, and + much more to the same purpose. This the poor lady heard with much + attention, and then said with a sigh, 'Well, if it be so, this heaven + must be, after all, a strange sort of a place!'" + +P. C. S. S. is unwilling to believe this painful story--the more so, as it +must be recollected that the author of the paper was an inveterate Whig, +and the Duchess (jure paterno) as inveterate a Jacobite. + +P. C. S. S. + + * * * * * + +SAN GRAIL. + +Sir Walter Scott, in his _Marmion_ (Introduction to Canto First), writes of +Sir Lancelot of the Lake, that-- + + "A sinful man and unconfessed, + He took the Sangreal's holy quest, + And slumbering saw the vision high + He might not view with waking eye." + +In his note on this passage, he refers to the romance of the Morte Arthur, +and says: + + "One day when Arthur was holding a high feast with his Knights of the + Round Table, the Sangreal, a vessel out of which the last Passover was + eaten (a precious relic, which had long remained concealed from human + eyes, because of the sins of the land), suddenly appeared to him and + all his chivalry. The consequence of this vision was that all the + knights took on them a solemn vow to seek the Sangreal." + +The orthography of the word in the romance itself is _Sancgreall_, which +affords us a clue to what I believe to be its true etymology, _Sang reel_ +(Sanguis realis), a name it derived from the tradition of its having been +employed, not only to hold the paschal lamb at the Last Supper, but also by +Joseph of Arimathea to catch the blood and water which flowed from the +wounds of our Blessed Lord. + +Archdeacon Nares, in his _Glossary_, pp. 209. 445., enters largely into the +legendary history of the Sangreal, as well as the question of its +orthography. He takes some pains to refute the etymology given above, and +quotes Roquefort (_Dict. de la Langue Romane_) to prove that graal or +_greal_ signifies _a broad open dish_. Will any one who has the means of +consulting Roquefort inform us, whether he brings forward any instance of +the existence of such a word in this sense? or, if so employed, whether +such use may not have arisen from the ordinary erroneous orthography? It is +a question well worth investigation, which I hope may call some abler pens +than mine into exercise. + +This holy relic, the object of so much fruitless search to Arthur and his +knights, is now safely deposited in the cathedral of Genoa, where all, holy +or unholy, may behold it, on making the accustomed offering to its +sanctity. Of old, it concealed itself from the eyes of all but those free +from mortal sin; but now, the ability to pay five francs puts one in +possession of every Christian virtue, and the _Sacro Catino_ (as it is +called) is exhibited on the payment of that sum. In addition to the +authorities quoted by Nares, I would refer to Sir F. Palgrave, in _Murray's +Handbook to Northern Italy_, 1st edition, p. 105. + +SA. CA. + +{282} + +_The St. Graal_ (Vol. iii. p. 224.).--Your correspondent W. M. K. will find +the subject of "the Sangreal's holy quest" treated in the late Mr. Price's +elaborate preface to Warton's _History of English Poetry_ (ed. 1840), p. +53; also an account of the MS. at C. C. C., Cambridge, in the same work, +vol. i. p. 149.; and a reference to Walter Map's translation of the Latin +romance of St. Graal into French, vol. ii. p. 416. See also Sismondi, _Lit. +of the South of Europe_ (Bohn, 1846), vol. i. p. 197., and note. + +H. G. T. + + * * * * * + +THE FROZEN HORN. + +(Vol. ii., p. 262. Vol. iii., p. 25.) + +Your correspondent J. M. G. quotes _Hudibras_, p. i. c. i. l. 147.: + + "Where truth in person does appear, + Like words congeal'd in northern air." + +Zachary Grey does _not_, in his note, refer to Mandeville, but he says: + + "See an explication of this passage, and a merry account of words + freezing in Nova Zembla, _Tatler,_ No. 254.; and Rabelais' account of + the bloody fight of the Arimasphians and Nephelebites upon the confines + of the Frozen Sea (vol. iv. c. 56. p. 229., Ozell's edit. 1737). To + which Mr. John Done probably refers, in his panegyric upon T. Coryat, + and his Crudities: + + 'It's not that French which made his giants see, + Those uncouth islands, where words frozen be, + Till by the thaw next year they've voice again." + +W. B. H. + +Manchester. + +J. M. G. quotes Sir John Mandeville for the story of the congealed words +falling like hail from the rigging of his ship in the Arctic regions. I do +not remember the passage, but there is one almost identical in Rabelais' +_Pantagruel_, lib. iv. ch. lv., headed-- + + "Comment en haulte mer Pantagruel ouit diverses parolles desgelees." + +In the notes to Bohn's translation it is said: + + "Rabelais has borrowed these from the _Courtisan_ of Balthasar de + Castillon, of which a French translation was printed in 1539, and from + the _Apologues_ of Caelius Caleagnnius of Ferrara, published in 1544." + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + +BAB AT THE BOWSTER. + +(Vol. ii., p. 517.) + +Your correspondent MAC is mistaken when he says that no words are used in +the Scottish dance of "Bab at the Bowster:" I have myself "babbed at the +Bowster" within the last few years. Upon that occasion the words sung by +the company while dancing round the individual bearing the "bowster" were-- + + "Wha learn'd you to dance, + You to dance, you to dance, + Wha learn'd you to dance + Bab at the bowster brawly?" + +To which the "bowster-bearer" replies-- + + "My mither learned me to dance, + Me to dance, me to dance, + My mither learned me to dance + Bab at the bowster brawly." + +After which, throwing down the "bowster" or cushion before one of the +opposite sex, they both kneel upon it, and kiss one another +_affectionately_. + +I never heard any words save the above; but a friend from a neighbouring +county (Dumbartonshire) informs me, that with them it is sometimes changed +into + + "Wha gi'ed you the keys to keep, + The keys to keep," &c. + +There are also other variations which I believe I can procure, should they +be desired by MAC or others. I should perhaps mention, for the benefit of +Southrons, that almost all untravelled Scotchmen in conversation use the +verb _to learn_ in place of the verb _to teach_. + +Y. + +Glasgow. + +The dance in Scotland called "Bab at the Bowster" is always the winding up +at "kirns" and other merrymakings, and is most likely similar to the +cushion-dance. The tune to which it is danced has words belonging to it. +The beginning lines are-- + + "There's braw yill, + Down at the mill, + Bab at the bowster," &c. + +L. M. M. R. + + * * * * * + +OLIVER CROMWELL AND HIS DEALINGS WITH THE DEVIL. + +(Vol. iii., p. 207.) + +Among the papers of an old personal friend and correspondent of the +"Sylvanus Urban" of his day,--a clergyman of the good old school, who died +a quarter of a century ago, aged eighty-six, I find the inclosed. It may +possibly lead to the further elucidation of one of the Notes of B. B. It is +unfortunate that no date is attached to it, nor any intimation of its +history. Its owner was the intimate friend of Bennet, Bishop of Cloyne, of +Dr. Farmer, of Burgess, Bishop of St. David's (afterwards Salisbury), and +other eminent divines of his time. + +With this MS. was inclosed another, in more modern writing; but, from the +orthography, copied from an older paper, headed "Private Amours of Oliver +Cromwell." It is very short, and also without date. It is at your service +if desired. + +S. H. H. + +{283} + +A NARRATIVE CONCERNING CROMWELL'S DEALINGS WITH THE D----L + + "On y^e 3d of Sept., in y^e morning, Cromwell took Colonel Lindsey, his + intimate friend, and first Capt. of his regiment, to a wood side not + far from y^e army, and bid him alight and follow him into that wood, & + take particular notice of what he saw & heard. + + "After they had both alighted & secured their horses, & walked some + small way into the wood, Lindsey began to turn pale, & to be seiz'd + with horrour, from some unknown cause; upon wch Cromwell askt him how + he did, or how he felt himself. He answered, that he was in such a + trembling & consternation that he never felt y^e like in all y^e + conflicts and battles he had been engaged in: But wether it proceeded + from the gloomyness of y^e place, or y^e temperament of his body, he + knew not. 'How now?' said Cromwell. 'What! trowbled with vapours? Come + forward, man.' They had not gon above 20 yards before Lindsey on a + sudden stood still and cry'd out, by all that's good he was seized with + such unaccountable terrours & astonishment that it was impossible for + him to stir one step further. Upon which Cromwell call'd him + faint-hearted fool, & bid him stand there & observe or be witness: and + then advancing to some distance from him, he met with a grave elderly + man, with a roll of parchment in his hand, who deliver'd it to + Cromwell, who eagerly perused it. Lindsey, a little recover'd from his + fear, heard severall loud words betwixt them: particularly Cromwell + said, 'This is but for seven year. I was to have it for 21, and it must + and shall be so.' The other told him positively it could not be for + above seven; upon which Cromwell cry'd with a great fierceness, it shd + be, however, for 14 year; but the other person plorily declared it + could not possibly be for any longer time: and if he woud not take it + so, there was others that woud accept of it: Upon which Cromwell at + last took y^e parchment, and returning to Lindsey with great joy in his + countenance, he cry'd, 'Now, Lindsey, the battle's our own: I long to + be engag'd.' Returning out of the wood, they rode to y^e army. Cromwell + with a resolution to engage as soon as possible, & y^e other with a + design of leaving y^e army as soon. After y^e first charge Lindsey + deserted his post, and rode away with all possible speed, day and + night, till he came into y^e county of Norfolk, to y^e house of an + intimate friend, and minister of that parish: Cromwell, as soon as he + mist him, sent all ways after him, with a promise of a great reward to + any that w'd bring him alive or dead. + + "Thus far y^e narrative of Lindsey himself; but something further is to + be remembered to complete & confirm y^e story. + + "When Mr. Thorowgood saw his friend Lindsey come into his yard, his + horse and himself just tired, in a sort of amaze he said, 'How, now, + Colonel; we hear there is like to be a battle shortly. What! fled from + your colours?' 'A battle!' said y^e other; 'yes, there has bin a + battle, and I am sure y^e King is beaten. If ever I strike a stroke for + Cromwell again, may I perish eternally, for I am sure he has made a + league with y^e Devil, and he will have him in due time.' Then, + desiring his protection from Cromwell's inquisitors, he went in & + related y^e whole story, and all the circumstances, concluding with + these remarkable words, That Cromwell w'd certainly die that day seven + year that the battle was fought. + + "The strangeness of his relation caused Mr. Thorowgood to order his son + John, then about 12 years of age, to write it in full length in his + common place book, & to take it from Lindsey's own mouth. This common + place book, and likewise y^e same story writen in other books, I am + sure is still preserv'd in y^e family of y^e Thorowgoods: But how far + Lindsey is to be believed, & how far y^e story is to be accounted + incredible, is left to y^e reader's faith and judgment, & not to any + determination of our own." + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Gig Hill_ (Vol. iii., p. 222.).--Perhaps your correspondent is mistaken in +saying that "there is no indication of anything in the land to warrant the +name." At least, the very fact of its being a hill is suspicious. If I +could venture to affront you with a pun, I should say, that it seems to me +very natural that the _top_ of a hill should look like a _gig_. Mercy on +us! do words wear out so fast? Why, I have not reached three-score, and did +not I "whip my gig" when I was an "infant"?--not an infant born in a remote +province, sucking in archaism with my mother's milk, playing with heirloom +toys, and calling them by obsolete names, but a smart little cockney, born +and bred in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, where, no doubt, there were +gig-whipping brats plenty. In the crowded state of your columns, you would +not thank me for enlarging on the top-_hic_, or I should really feel +disposed to enter into a dissertation on the nature and characteristic +differences of whipping-tops, humming-tops, peg-tops, and gigs. As to the +latter, it certainly occurs to me, now that the question is raised, that I +have not seen such a thing for a long time; though I fancy _gigs_ lying in +the shop-windows, as they did at a period when I was more likely to observe +them; and if they have become so far forgotten, it may be worth while, for +the sake of Shakspeare, to say that they were generally (as far as I +remember always) made of horn; and therefore, when Holofernes says "Go, +whip thy gig" (which means just the same as Mr. Oldbuck's "Sew your +sampler, monkey!"), Moth replies, "Lend me your _horn_ to make one, and I +will whip about your infamy _circum circa_; a gig of a cuckold's horn!" It +is enough to add that the gig was made of the tip of the horn, and looked, +while spinning, like an inverted extinguisher. It was hollow, but my +impression is that there was sometimes lead at the bottom of the inside. +Even with the ballast, it was a ticklish, volatile, kickety thing, much +more difficult to set up and to keep up than the sober whipping-top, and +bearing somewhat the same relation to one in bulk and motion, {284} that a +ship's gig may do to herself, or a gig on land to a coach. As to Gig Hill, +however, unless it has a conical top, some other explanation must be +sought. + +N. B. + + [C., E. H., and numerous other correspondents, have also kindly replied + to this Query.] + +_Epigram against Burke_ (Vol. iii., P. 243.).-- + + "Oft have I heard that ne'er on Irish ground, + A poisonous reptile ever yet was found; + Nature, though slow, will yet complete her work, + She has saved her venom to create a Burke." + +The author of these lines was Warren Hastings himself; his private +secretary (Mr. Evans) sat by his side during the trial, and saw him write +the above. My authority is a niece of Mr. Evans, who formed one of her +uncle's family at the period of the trial. + +N. M. + +_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iii., p. 209.).--This is the portrait of Samuel +Clarke, the ejected minister of Bennet Fink, London. I have three +impressions of this engraving now before me. Two of these are in an +illustrated Granger, and are in different states, the earlier one having no +shading in the background. The third copy is prefixed to-- + + "A Collection of the Lives of Ten Eminent Divines, Famous in their + Generations for Learning, Prudence, Piety, and painfuless in the work + of the Ministry, &c. By Sa. Clarke, Preacher of the Gospel in St. + Bennet Fink, London, 1662." 4to. + +Very likely the same plate had been previously used for some other of +Clarke's numerous publications. At the end of the verses beneath the +portrait, my copies have "P.V.A.M. _fecit_," which, I suppose, are the +initials of Peter Vinke. + +JOHN I. DREDGE. + +A full and interesting account of this worthy divine is given in _Granger_, +vol. v. p. 73.; and the quatrain will be found annexed to a brief account +of the same portrait in Ames's _English Heads_, p. 43. + +J. F. Y. + +_Salgado's Slaughter-house_ (Vol. ii., p. 358.).--Your correspondent asks, +Who was Salgado? and his question has not yet, I believe, been answered. +James Salgado, whose name does not appear in any biographical dictionary, +though it deserves to do, and whose pieces are unnoticed in Peck's +Catalogue, though they should certainly not have been omitted, was a +Spanish priest, who renounced the Roman Catholic belief, and was imprisoned +by the Inquisition, and after undergoing many sufferings made his escape to +England in the latter part of the reign of Charles II. His history is +contained in _An Account of his Life and Sufferings_, in a 4to. tract in my +possession, entitled, _A Confession of Faith of James Salgado, a Spaniard, +and sometimes a Priest in the Church of Rome_, London, 1681, 4to. Watt and +Lowndes both notice some of his pieces, but their lists are very imperfect, +and do not comprise the tract, of which your correspondent gives the title, +and which is also in my possession, and several others which I have noted +in my copy of my _Confession_, but which it is perhaps unnecessary to +enumerate here. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Mathew's (not Ma_tt_hew's) Mediterranean Passage_ (Vol. iii., p. 240.).--I +have a copy of this work, and shall have pleasure in forwarding it to +MERCURII for perusal, if he will address a note to me, which the publisher +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will forward. + +NIBOR. + +Oxford, March 29. 1851. + +_The Mitre and the "Cloven Tongues"_ (Vol. iii., p. 146.).--My attention +has just been directed to the remark of your correspondent L. M. M. R., who +adduces the miracle of the "cloven tongues as of fire" as having supplied +the form of the mitre. + +This is an old explanation; but your correspondent does not appear to be +aware that "cloven" has been rejected by high classical authority, as not +being a correct interpretation of the word [Greek: diamerizomenai]. The +exact translation is, "And tongues as of fire appeared, being distributed +to them." The same verb is used in the passage, "They _parted_ my garments +among them,"--parted or distributed--the exact equivalent. + +It appears to me that the translators have here made an extraordinary +blunder. They have, I think, mistaken [Greek: diamerizo] for [Greek: +diamerizo]. For the peculiar meaning of the former verb I beg to refer +those who have not observed it, to Liddell and Scott's _Lexicon_. The +substitution of a letter here ([eta] for [epsilon]) would give to the +Scripture term a significance, which, though analogous to that of the +current translation, is immeasurably distant from the exact interpretation. + +HUGHES FRAZER HALLE. + +Chudleigh, March 24. 1851. + +_Slums_ (Vol. iii., p. 224.).--This word is, I take it, an Americanism, +being an abbreviation of _settlements_. + +The _back settlements_ and _back slums_ are used synonymously. + +D. Q. + +"_God's Acre_" (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--On looking back to some of your old +numbers I find W. H. K. has never been answered with regard to the above +application of the term to churchyards. Longfellow (Liverpool edition, +1850, p. 36.) commences one of his poems thus: + + "I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls + The burial-ground _God's Acre_. It is just; + It consecrates each grave within its walls, + And breathes a benison o'er the sleeping dust." + +Whether this may be any help to W. H. K., I know not, but I cannot refrain +from the Query--What is the Saxon phrase alluded to? + +W. H. P. + +{285} + +_Wages in the last Century_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--I have a note on this +subject which is at A. A.'s service, extracted from the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ for May 1732, vol. ii p. 771.:-- + + "WAGES (YEARLY) appointed by the Justices, A.D. 1732, to be taken by + the Servants in the County of Kent. + + L s. d. + Head Ploughman, Waggoner, or Seedsman 8 0 0 + His Mate 4 0 0 + Best Woman Servant 3 0 0 + Second Sort 2 0 0 + Second Ploughman 6 0 0 + His Mate 3 0 0 + Labourers by the Day, in Summer 0 1 2 + Ditto, in Winter 0 1 0 + + _County of Gloucester._ + + Head Servant in Husbandry 5 0 0 + Second Servant 4 0 0 + Driving Boy under 14 Years 1 0 0 + Head Maid Servant in Dairy, and Cook 2 10 0 + Second Maid Servant 2 0 0 + Mower in Hay Harvest, without Drink, + per Day 0 1 2 + With Drink, per Day 0 1 0 + Mower and Reaper in Corn Harvest, with + Diet, per Day 0 1 0 + Other Day labourer, from Corn to Hay + Harvest, with Drink only, per Day 0 0 8 + With Diet, per Day 0 0 4 + Without Diet or Drink, per Day 0 0 10 + Carpenter, Wheelwright, and Mason, without + Drink, per Day 0 1 2 + With Drink, per Day 0 1 0." + +I send the note as I have it in my commonplace book; but I should think +that the periodical from which the above is extracted, contains much that +would suit A. A.'s purpose. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +Martham, Norfolk. + +_Tradesmen's Signs_ (Vol. iii., p. 224.).--The _projecting_ signs over +tradesmen's shop-doors were removed under the London Paving Act, 6 Geo. +III. c. 26. s. 17. In the _Percy History of London_, i. 179., the act is +erroneously said to have been passed in 1762. From Malcolm's _Anecdotes of +London_, pp. 468, 469., it seems that the clause in question was inserted +in the act in consequence of inquiries by a committee appointed by the +Court of Common Council in 1764. _Mr. Peter Cunningham_, in the "London +Occurrences" prefixed to his _Handbook for London_, says: "1766. The +house-signs of London taken down." + +No doubt the existing Metropolitan Paving Acts contain clauses which will +prevent tradesmen from again putting up _projecting signs_. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_Standfast's Cordial Comforts, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--ABHBA will find +in a catalogue of curious books published by G. Bumstead, 205. High +Holborn, an early edition of Standfast. It is described thus: + + "Standfast (R.), A Little Handful of Cordial Comforts, and a Caveat + against Seducers; with the Blind Man's Meditations, and a Dialogue + Between a Blind Man and Death, 12mo. 1684." + +This may assist ABHBA in his researches. + +Z. + +_St. Pancras_ (Vol. ii., p. 496.).--Your correspondent MR. YEOWELL asks +where C. J. Smith's collection of MSS., cuttings and prints, &c. relating +to the parish of St. Pancras, are deposited? It is in the library of +Richard Percival, Esq., 9. Highbury Park, Islington. + +Can any of your readers give an account of St. Pancras? He was martyred May +12, 304. + +R. + + [Has our correspondent looked at the _Calendar of the Anglican Church_, + lately published by Parker of Oxford? A brief notice of St. Pancras + will be found on p. 274. of that useful little work.] + +_Lines on "Woman's Will"_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--Although somewhat late in +the day, I send you the following paragraph from the _Examiner_ of May 31, +1829: + + "_Woman's Will._--The following lines (says a correspondent of the + _Brighton Herald_) were copied from the pillar erected on the Mount in + the Dane-John Field, formerly called the Dungeon Field, Canterbury: + + 'Where is the man who has the power and skill + To stem the torrents of a woman's will? + For if she will, she will, you may depend on't, + And if she won't, she won't so there's an end on't."' + +H. C. + +Workington. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., p. +11.).--In _Hubback on the Evidence of Succession_, p. 253, after some +remarks on the word "natural," not of itself in former times denoting +illegitimacy, this passage occurs: + + "But as early as the time of Elizabeth the word _natural_, standing + alone, had acquired something of its present meaning. The Parliament, + in debating upon the act establishing the title to the crown in the + Queen's issue, thought it proper to alter the words 'issue lawfully + begotten,' into 'natural-born issue,' conceiving the latter to be a + more delicate phrase. But this created a suspicion among the people, + that the Queen's favourite, Leicester, intended after her death to set + up some bastard of his own, pretending it was born of her, and bred up + privately."--Duke of Buckingham _On Treasons_, cited Amos's + _Fortescue_, p. 154. + +J. H. L. + +_Coggeshall Job_ (Vol. iii., p. 167.).--Does J. C. allude to the tradition +that the Coggeshall people placed hurdles in the stream to turn the river, +and chained up the wheelbarrow when the mad dog bit it? + +J. H. L. + +_Whale caught at Greenwich before the Death of Cromwell_ (Vol. iii., p. +207.).--B. B. wishes a record {286} of the capture of a whale at Greenwich, +immediately previous to Cromwell's death. I take leave to inform him that, +in a tract entitled _A Catalogue of natural Rarities, with great Industry, +Cost and thirty Years' Travel in foreign Countries collected, by Robert +Hubert, alias Forges, Gent., and sworn Servant to his Majesty. And Dayly to +be seen at the Place called the Musick House, at the Miter, near the West +End of St. Paul's Church_, 1664, there is the following item:-- + + "The vein of the tongue of that whale that was taken up at Greenwich, a + little before Cromwell's death." + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Fronte Capillata, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 8. 43. 124.).--The following lines +from Tasso's _Amore Fuggitivo_ contain the same figure as the Latin quoted +above: + + "Crespe ha le chiome e d'oro, + E in quella guisa appunto, + Che Fortuna si pinge + Ha lunghi e folti in sulla fronte i crini; + Ma nuda ha poi la testa + Agli opposti confini." + +ROBERT SNOW. + +The lines quoted by your correspondent are from Peacock's "Headlong Hall," +and are imitated from Machiavelli's "Capitolo dell' Occasione." The whole +air stands thus; the second stanza differing slightly from the version +given by MR. BURT. The lines are very pretty, at least in my opinion. + + "LOVE AND OPPORTUNITY. + + "Oh! who art thou, so swiftly flying? + My name is Love, the child replied; + Swifter I pass than south-winds sighing, + Or streams through summer vales that glide. + And who art thou, his flight pursuing? + 'Tis cold Neglect whom now you see: + The little god you there are viewing, + Will die, if once he's touched by me. + + "Oh! who art thou so fast proceeding, + Ne'er glancing back thine eyes of flame? + Mark'd but by few, through earth I'm speeding, + And Opportunity's my name. + What form is that which scowls beside thee? + Repentance is the form you see: + Learn then, the fate may yet betide thee. + She seizes them who seize not me." + +W. R. M. + +_John Sanderson, or the Cushion-dance_ (Vol. ii., p. 517.).--Though I am +unable to answer your correspondent Mac's inquiry as to the antiquity of +this dance, it may interest him as well as others of the readers of "NOTES +AND QUERIES" to know, that when Walpole made up his mind to abandon his +Excise bill (which met with a still fiercer opposition out of doors than in +the House of Commons), he signified his intention to a party of his +adherents at the supper-table, by quoting the first line of the +accompanying song:-- + + "This dance it will no further go!"[7] + +This, at least, shows the popularity of this dance in the reign of George +II. + +H. C. + +Workington. + +[Footnote 7: This occurred in the year 1733.] + +_George Steevens and William Stevens_ (Vol. iii, p. 230.).--The late Sir +J. A. Park wrote _Memoirs of William Stevens_, the Treasurer of Queen +Anne's Bounty, and the biographer of Jones of Nayland. As little +resemblance must have existed between this gentleman and "the Puck of +commentators," George Steevens, as between the two Harveys: + + "The one invented Sauce for Fish + The other Meditations." + +J. H. M. + +_Memoirs of Stevens_ by the late Sir James Allan Park have been published, +and are well worth reading; but this Stevens was not George Steevens, the +Shakespearian commentator, but William, Treasurer of Queen Anne's Bounty, +one of the most meek and humble minded of men. + + "He was inferior to none in profound knowledge, and steady practice of + the doctrines and discipline of the Church of England; austere to + himself alone, charitable and indulgent towards others, he attracted + the young by the cheerfulness of his temper, and the old by the + sanctity of his life." + +MISS BOCKETT should not confound such a holy character with George +Steevens. + +E. H. + +_Memoirs of George Steevens, Esq., F.R.S. and F.S.A._ (Vol. iii., p. +119.).--In answer to A. Z. it may be stated that a brief memoir of Mr. +Steevens was given in Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth +Century_, Vol. ii. p. 680.; further anecdotes, and some of his letters, in +vol. v. of Nichols's _Literary Illustrations_; and further letters (his +correspondence with Dr. Percy, Bishop of Dromore), in vol. vii. of the +latter work; besides many incidental notices, which will be found by +reference to the indexes. On the last occasion a copy of his portrait by +Dance, was attached; and in vol. v. of the _Literary Illustrations_ is an +engraving of his monument by Flaxman, in Poplar Chapel. + +N. + +_Tradescant_ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--At what period the elder Tradescant +came into England is not with certainty known, but it is supposed to have +been about the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, or the beginning of that of +James I. He obtained the title of _Royal Gardener_ circa 1629. + +It may not be superfluous to mention (on the authority of Allen's _History +of Lambeth_, p. 142.) that formerly the three following lines were on the +monument in Lambeth churchyard, until its {287} reparation by public +subscription in 1773, when they were left out: + + "This monument was erected at the charge of _Hester Tradescant_, the + relict of _John Tradescant_, late deceased, who was buried the 25th of + April, 1662." + +ALFRED W. H. + +Kennington. + +_Origin of Harlequins_ (Vol. iii., p. 165.).--Your correspondent and +querist E. L. N. wishes for an account of the Origin of Harlequins. I beg +to refer E. L. N. to an account of the Hellequines, or "La Mesnie +Hellequin," given by M. Paul Paris, in his work on the _Manuscripts +Francois de la Bib. du Roi_, vol. i. p. 322. M. Paris says: + + "On donnoit ce nom (Hellequines) a des especes de feux follets ou + genies plutot malfaisants que favorables, et plutot moqueurs que + malfaisants.... L'origine de la tradition de la Mesnie Hellequin se + perd dans l'obscurite des temps. On l'entendoit surtout bruire dans les + environs de la ville d'_Arles_.... J'ignore la premiere origine de + cette locution; mais ce qui me semble incontestable, c'est qu'on + confondit facilement la Mesnie Hellequin avec celle '_de la Mort_,' + famille bariolee de rouge et de noir, et dont le manteau de ceremonie + devoit etre un grand pan de toile ou linceul. Deja le lecteur a devance + la consequence qu'il faut tirer de tout cela; la Mesnie Hellequin, + partie necessaire des corteges effrayants ou grotesques dans le + moyen-age, est devenue insensiblement, sous la main des arrangeurs, + notre _famille d'Arlequin_. Le costume bariole d'Arlequin n'est rien + autre que le fantastique costume du representant de la Mort.... Et, si + ce que je viens de dire est fonde, on ne repetera plus apres Menage + (Gilles), que le mot _Arlequin_ fut pris d'abord, sur la fin du XVI + siecle, par un certain bouffon italien que le President _Harlay_ avoit + accueilli. Il est certain que le mot _Arlequin_ se trouve + tres-anciennement dans un grand nombre de mysteres. + + "'Numquid me velis,' ecrivoit Jean Raulin, mort en 1514, 'antiquam + illam familiam Harlequini, revocare, ut videatur mortuus inter mundanae + curiae nebulas et caligines equitare?'" + +By the above extracts, which I fear you will find too long, harlequinades +would seem rather to be derived from the wanton pranks of sprites than the +coarse gambols of buffoons; and this derivation would certainly best agree +with the accepted character of the modern harlequin. + +H. C. C. + +"_Predeceased_" and "_Designed_" (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--The former word is +used in an active sense by Shakspeare, in his "Rape of Lucrece:" + + "If children _predecease_ progenitors, + We are their offspring, and they none of ours." + +"Designed," in the sense of "designated," is employed by Locke: + + "'Tis not enough to make a man a subject, to convince him that there is + regal power in the world; but there must be ways of _designing_ and + knowing the person to whom the regal power of right belongs." + +COWGILL. + +"_Quadrijugis invectus equis," &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--These lines, in +which "veriis" and "antesolat" are, of course, misprints for "variis" and +"antevolat," apply with such peculiar exactness to Guido's celebrated +Aurora, at the Rospigliosi Palace, that I cannot but think the painting has +given rise to the lines. Besides, in the ancient mythology, the Horae are +said to be _three_ in number, daughters of Jupiter and Themis, and one of +their offices was harnessing the horses of the Sun. It is unlikely, +therefore, that any classic author would mention them as being seven in +number. + +C. I. R. + +_St. John's Bridge Fair_ (Vol. iii., p. 88.).--Perhaps in the county of +Northampton, and in the city of Peterborough, where a fair, commencing +October 2d, is still called "Bridge Fair." The parish church of +Peterborough is dedicated to St. John Baptist; but a fair on the saint's +day would be too near the other, and probably more ancient fair, which is +held on old St. Peter's Day, to whom the cathedral church is dedicated. + +ARUN. + +_Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe_ (Vol. iii., pp. 137. 195.).--It is +a singular fact, to which I do not remember a reference has hitherto been +made, that Defoe, in his _Life and Adventures of Captain Singleton_, has +foreshadowed the discovery by recent travellers of a great inland lake in +the South of Africa. He describes his adventurous hero and companions, +during their attempt to cross this vast continent from Mozambique to +Angola, as having, on the ninth day of their journey, come in "view of a +great lake of water." + + "The next day," he adds, "which was the tenth from our setting out, we + came to the edge of this lake, and happily for us, we came to it at the + south point of it, for to the north we could see no end of it; so we + passed by it, and travelled three days by the side of it."--_Life, + Adventures, and Piracies of Captain Singleton_, chap. vi. + +According to a rough calculation by one of the party, they were, a few days +before reaching it, 700 miles from the coast of Mozambique, and 1500 from +the Cape of Good Hope. Now Messrs. Murray and Oswell, the enterprising +travellers to whom we owe the discovery of this vast South African lake, +describe it as being in longitude 24 deg. East, latitude 19 deg. South; a position +not very wide apart from that indicated in Defoe's amusing fiction. + +T. C. SMITH. + +_Lord Howard of Effingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 244.).--I submit that the +passages quoted by your correspondent are not sufficient evidence to lead +us to conclude that that nobleman _ever_ was a Protestant. As to the +"neglect of reverence to the Holy Sacrament," it is only said that the +priests might pretend _that_ as a cause; and it is not to be supposed that +an ambassador would so far forget himself as to show any disrespect to the +religion of the {288} prince he was sent to. Besides, it is likely that +Lord Howard was chosen for the embassy as being a Catholic, and therefore +more acceptable to a prince of the same religion. + +2nd. Fuller's words only refer to testimony on a disputed fact, on which +Catholic evidence the effect quoted by him would have peculiar weight. + +3rd. The words to Garnet, who had declared his innocence and abhorrence of +the imputed crime, are such as a Catholic would be most likely to use. + +4th. The word "_our_," in the royal instructions, is the word of form, and +resembles the editorial "_we_." In royal instructions to Mr. Shiel at +Florence, Mr. Wyse at Naples, or Mr. More O'Ferrall at Malta, her Majesty +would use the words "our religion;" would that imply that any or all of +those gentlemen were Protestants? + +After all, Lord Howard may have conformed to the court religion after the +period of the Armada: occasional conformity was frequent at the period. + +KERRIENSIS. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.; Vol. iii., p. +94.).--In _Collectanea Topographica, &c._, vol. iii. p. 134., is printed +the "Account of the Proctors of the Church of Yeovil, co. Somerset, 36 Hen. +VI. 1457-8." The learned editor says: + + "The first item is remarkable, as affording an instance of seats being + made subject to sale at so early a period;" and proceeds: "it may be + observed that the two sexes must have sat in different parts of the + church, as, with only one exception, the seats are let to other persons + of the same sex as before." + +LLEWELLYN. + +_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--A +proof of the correctness of the remark advanced in this note is afforded by +the practice followed in the little church of Covington, Huntingdonshire, +where a few of the old open seats remain towards the western end, in which +each sex still sits on its proper side, although the custom does not hold +with respect to the pews which some of the farmers and others have erected +for themselves at the eastern end. + +ARUN. + +_Separation of the Sexes at Church._--Many of your correspondents have +taken up the separation of the living at church, but none have alluded to +the dead. I extract the following from a deed of the 34th of Elizabeth:-- + + "But also in the two severall vawtes or towmbes in the sayd chappell, + and in the sowthe syde of the same, and in the wall of the sayd church, + ffor themselves only to bury in; that is to say, in the upper of the + same, standing eastwards, to bury the deade bodyes of the men, being + ancestors of the sayd A. B.; and in the lower, standing westwards, to + bury the deade bodies of the women, being wyves or children female of + his, the said A. B.'s ancestors." + +Perhaps some of your correspondents can tell us whether such separate +vaults were customary? + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_ (Vol. i., p. 370.).--Your correspondent DANIEL ROCK +states these words to have been chosen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, +Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon he preached when Edward III. was +called to the throne; and in your Notices to Correspondents, Vol. iii., p. +254., you repeat the statement. + +The prelate by whom the sermon was preached was not Simon Mepham, but his +predecessor, Walter Reynolds, who was Archbishop of Canterbury when the +second Edward was deposed, and when Edward III. was crowned, on February 1, +1327. This Walter Reynolds died on November 16, 1327, and Simon Mepham was +appointed his successor on December 11, 1327. John Toland, in his _Anglia +Libera_, p. 114., has this reference to the sermon which was preached by +the Archbishop Reynolds on the occasion of the king's coronation: + + "To Edward I. succeeded his son Edward II., who growing an intolerable + tyrant, was in a parliament summoned by himself formally accused of + misgovernment, and on his own acknowledging the truth of this charge, + solemnly deposed. When his son, Edward III., was elected with universal + consent, Walter, the Archbishop of Canterbury, preached the coronation + sermon, and took these words for his text, "_Vox populi Vox Dei_, the + voice of the people is the voice of God,"--so little did they dream in + those days of the divine right of monarchy, or that all power did not + originally derive from the people, for whom and by whom all governments + are erected and maintained." + +Sir Harris Nicolas in his _Synopsis of the Peerage,_ and Dugdale in his +_Monasticon_, give the name of this Archbishop as Walter Reynolds. Sir +Richard Baker, in his _Chronicle_, describes him as Walter Reginald; and in +Hume's _England_ he is called Walter de Reynel. + +ST. JOHNS. + +_Mazer Wood_ (Vol. iii., p. 239.).--The Querist asks, "Has the word Mazer +any signification in itself?" + +It is used to signify a cup. Vide Walter Scott's _Lord of the Isles_, where +Robert Bruce is speaking: + + "Bring here, he said, the Mazers four, + My noble fathers loved of yore." + +And it is probably derived from the Irish "Maeddher," a standing cup, +generally of _wood_, of a quadrangular form, with a handle on each of the +sides. The puzzle was how to drink out of it, which was done from the +angles. A silver "Maeddher" was presented to Lord Townshend when leaving +Ireland, who puzzled many of his English friends by placing it before them +filled with claret. Uninitiated persons usually attempted to drink from the +flat side, and poured the wine over their clothes. I think another was +presented to Lord Normanby when in Ireland. We see _gutta percha_ {289} +cups and buckets everywhere now-a-days. Perhaps such an utensil might have +been among the dishes, &c. mentioned in the Catalogue of the Tradescant +Museum. + +KERRIENSIS. + + [See a curious note on Mazers, used as large drinking-cups, or goblets, + in Walter Scott's _Poetical Works_, p. 488., edit. 1848.] + +_Traditions from remote Periods through few Hands_ (Vol. iii., p. +237.).--The following facts may not be uninteresting on this subject. + +The late Maurice O'Connell of Derrynane, co. Kerry, died early in 1825, and +would have completed 99 years on the 31st of March in that year. The writer +hereof has heard him tell anecdotes derived from the conversation of Daniel +M^cCarthy, of the same co., who died about 1740, aged at least 108 years. +This Daniel M^cCarthy was commonly known by the nick-name of "Dhonald +Bhin," or "Yellow Dan," and was the first man that ran away from the battle +of Aughrim. There is a short account of him in Smith's _History of Kerry_, +in which he is mentioned as lately deceased. You have thus a period of over +200 years, the traditions of which might be derived through three persons, +the survivor of whom, your correspondent, is but middle aged. I remember +being told in the co. Clare, circiter 1828, of an individual then lately +deceased, who remembered the siege of Limerick by General Ginkle, and the +news of the celebrated treaty of Limerick. It is to be wished that your +readers who reside in, or may visit Ireland, would take an interest in this +subject. I am certain that in remote parts of the country much curious +tradition could be thus brought to light; and it would be interesting to +compare the accounts of great public events, as remembered and handed down +by the peasantry, with those which we take on the faith of historians. + +As relating to this subject, I may refer to the allusion made in page 250. +of the same Number to the Countess of Desmond, who was said to have lived +to so great an age. I have seen the picture alluded to at Glanlearne in +Valencia, the seat of the knight of Kerry; and it must have been taken at a +comparatively early period of life, as the Earl of Desmond was outlawed, +and his estates confiscated, in the reign of Elizabeth. Some record of how +this old lady's jointure was provided for might yet be discovered, and the +period of her decease thus ascertained. + +KERRIENSIS. + +_Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli_ (Vol. iii., p. 208.).--This +beautiful epigram, which C. R. H. has somewhat mutilated even in the two +lines which he gives of it, was written by Jerome Amaltheus, who died in +1574, the year in which Henry III. of France came to the throne; so that it +is unlikely at least that the "Amor" was meant for Mangirow, his "minion." +In the edition of the poems of the three brothers Amalthei, which I +possess, and which was printed at Amsterdam in 1689, the epigram runs-- + + "DE GEMELLIS FRATRE ET SORORE LUSCIS. + + "Lumine Acon, dextro, capta est Leonilla sinistro, + Et potis est forma vincere uterque Deos. + Blande puer, lumen, quod habes concede _puellae_, + Sic tu caecus Amor, sic erit illa Venus." + +I have seen it thus translated: + + "One eye is closed to each in rayless night, + Yet each has beauty fit the gods to move, + Give, Acon, give to Leonill _thy_ light, + She will be Venus, and thou sightless Love." + +The relationship between the Duchess of Eboli and Mangirow I do not +remember. Were they brother and sister? or was she ever known as Leonilla? + +Among Jerome Amaltheus's other epigrams I find several about this "Acon;" +and one, entitled "De duabus Amicis," begins-- + + "Me _laetis Leonilla oculis_, me _Lydia torvis_ + Aspicit." + +The mistress of Philip II. (who here, by the by, seems to have recovered +her lost eye) would hardly have been the mistress of an Italian poet. + +H. A. B. + +Trin. Coll. Cam. + +"_Harry Parry, when will you marry_" (Vol. iii., p. 207.).--E. H. has +omitted the last line, which, however, is well known. May it not have the +same meaning as the lines in the "Marquis de Carabas" of Beranger: + + "Et tous vos tendrons, + Subiront l'honneur + Du droit du seigneur?" + +The nursery rhyme may have been sung to the young Baron to teach him his +feudal privileges, as the lines-- + + "Hot corn, baked pears, + Kick nigger down stairs," + +are used to inculcate the rights of a white man on the minds of infant +cotton planters in the Southern States. + +J. H. L. + +_Visions of Hell_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--In solving the Query propounded by +F. R. A. as to "whether Bunyan was the author of the _Visions_?" it is very +necessary that all the editions should be known of and collated. I have one +not yet referred to, styled _The Visions of John Bunyan, being his last +Remains, giving an Account of the Glories of Heaven, the Terrors of Hell, +and of the World to come_, London, printed and sold by J. Hollis, Shoemaker +Row, Blackfriars, pp. 103., with an address to the reader, subscribed "thy +soul's well-wisher, John Bunyan," without date. "Thomas Newby, of Epping, +Essex," is written in it; he might have been only the first owner of the +book, which was certainly published before the year 1828 or 20, but I +should say not much earlier. + +BLOWEN. + +{290} + +_"Laus tua non tua Fraus," &c._ (Vol. i., p. 416.). _Verse +Lyon._--Puttenham's _Arte of English Poesie_, published in 1589, contains +an earlier allusion to this epigram than any of those mentioned by your +correspondents at Vol. ii., p. 77., and assigns to Pope Alexander [Qy. VI.] +the doubtful honour of being the subject of it. The passage is at p. 11., +and is as follows:-- + + "Another of their pretie inuentions was to make a verse of such wordes + as lay their nature and manner of construction and situation might be + turned backward word by word, and make another perfit verse, but of + quite contrary sence, as the gibing monke that wrote of Pope Alexander + these two verses: + + 'Laus tua non tua fraus, virtue non copia rerum, + Scandere te faciunt hoc decus eximium:' + + which if ye will turne backward, they make two other good verses, but + of a contrary sence, thus: + + 'Eximium decus hoc faciunt te scandere, rerum + Copia, non virtus, fraus tua, non tua laus;' + + and they call it _Verse Lyon_." + +Query, Why? and where else is Verse Lyon alluded to? + +J. F. M. + + [Is not "_Verse Lyon_" Puttenham's translation of _Leonine Verse_?] + +_Passage from Cymbeline_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).-- + + "Some jay of Italy, + Whose mother was her _painting_, hath betrayed him."--Act III. Sc. 4. + +The word _painting_ (your correspondent's stumbling-block) evidently means +resemblance--resemblance of character, and as such exactly corresponds to +the German word _Ebenbild_, an image or painting, which is used in the same +sense; _e.g._ _Sie hat das Ebenbild ihres Mutters_, "She is the very image +of her mother." + +CRANMORE. + +Rue de Cerf, 6. Brussels. + +_Engraved Warming-pans_ (Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).--As an earlier instance +of this custom, it may be worth notice that I have one which was purchased +some years ago at the village of Whatcote in Warwickshire; it is engraved +with a dragon, and the date 1601. I think it probable that it originally +came from Compton Wyniatt, the ancient seat of the Earls [now Marquis] of +Northampton; the supporters of the Compton family being dragons, and +Whatcote being the next village to Compton Wyniatt. + +SPES. + +_Symbolism of the Fir-cone_ (Vol. i., p. 247.).--The Fir-cone on the +Thyrsus--a practice very general throughout Greece, but which is very +prevalent at Athens, may perhaps, in some degree, account for the connexion +of the Fir-cone (surmounting the Thyrsus) with the worship of Bacchus. +Incisions are made in the fir-trees for the purpose of obtaining the +turpentine, which distils copiously from the wound. This juice is mixed +with the new wine in large quantities; the Greeks supposing that it would +be impossible to keep it any length of time without this mixture. The wine +has in consequence a very peculiar taste, but is by no means unpleasant +after a little use. This, as we learn from Plutarch, was an ancient custom +(_Sympos. Quaest._ iii. and iv. p. 528. edn. Wytten); the Athenians, +therefore, might naturally have placed the Fir-cone in the hands of +Bacchus. ("Lord Aberdeen's Journals," Appendix to Walpole's _Memoirs of +Turkey, &c._, vol. i. p. 605.) + +F. B. RELTON. + +_Dr. Robert Thomlinson_ (Vol. i., p. 350.).--The gentleman who is very +anxious for the communication of any matter illustrative of the life of the +doctor, his family, &c., will find considerable useful and interesting +information relating to him, his widow, and brother, by referring to the +under-mentioned _Reports from the Commissioners for inquiring concerning +Charities_: + +5th Report, pages 67. 69.; 23rd Report, pages 56. 450.; 31st Report, pages +754. 757. + +There is a slight allusion to the doctor in the _Returns of Corporate +Offices and Charitable Funds, &c._, p. 375. + +H. EDWARDS. + +_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 93.).--St. Thomas Aquinas refers the +practice of touching for the evil by French kings to _Clovis_. See a work +published in 1633, by Simon Favoul, entitled, _Du Pouvoir que les Rois de +France ont de guerir les Ecrouelles_; also a work by Du Laurens, entitled, +_De Mirabili Strumas sanandi vi, regibus Galliarum Christianis divinitus +concessa, libri duo_, Paris, 1609, in 8vo. + +Edward the Confessor is said to have been the first English king who +touched for the evil. Consequently the English can hardly be said to have +owed their supposed power to their pretensions to the crown of France. + +E. J. R. + + [We are indebted to MR. J. B. DITCHFIELD and MR. JOSEPH SULLEY for very + elaborate notices of the custom of the French kings touching for the + evil; but the principal facts contained in those communications have + already been laid before our readers by MR. COOPER (Vide No. 69. p. + 148. et seq.)] + +_Drax Free School_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--It appears by the will of Charles +Read, dated July 30, 1669, that that gentleman had at his own charge +erected a school-house at Drax, which he designed for a free school, and +for the habitation of a schoolmaster, to instruct the children of the +inhabitants of that parish gratis, to read, write, and cast accounts, and +in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, as occasion should require; and that he had +erected six almshouses at Drax, for six aged and impotent people at that +parish, and the lodgment of six poor boys; and for the support and +maintenance of the said school, master, alms people, and poor boys, he +directed his executors to lay out 2000l. in {291} the purchase of freehold +land of 120l. per annum in or near Drax, to be conveyed to trustees to let +such land at the best improved rent, for the purposes and uses mentioned in +his will; and he appointed the lord mayor and aldermen of York, visitors of +the school and almshouses. + +At the time of the inquiry by the charity commissioners, the estates +purchaser in pursuance of the directions of Mr. Read's will amounted to 391 +acres of land, let at 542l. per annum, and there was an accumulation of +stock of 12,700l. in the Three per Cents, the whole income being 924l. 9s. +6d. per annum. + +MR. DYSON will find a copious account of this school, &c., in the following +Reports of the Commissioners: XXI. p. 598.; XXXII. part 2d. p. 828.; and +the latter gives a full detail of proceedings in Chancery, and other +matters connected with the administration of the trust. + +HENRY EDWARDS. + +_Enigmatical Epitaph on the Rev. John Mawer_ (Vol. iii., pp. 184. +248.).--Perhaps it may be of service to J. H. to know that _Arthur +Llewellyn Tudor Kaye Mawer_, referred to by J. T. A., was a short time ago +an assistant bookseller at Oxford, and may be heard of by addressing a line +to Mr. Vincent, Herald Office, or Mr. Wheeler, bookseller, Oxford. + +NIBOR. + +_Treatise by Engelbert, Archbishop of Treves_ (Vol. i., p. 214.).--MR. +SANSON may probably find the information he desires in the reprint of +Bishop Cosin's _History of Popish Transubstantiation_, London, 1840, in +which the references are verified, and the quotations given in full length. + +T. J. + +_King John at Lincoln_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--There is no question of Matt. +Paris alluding here to the old prophecy which forbade a king's wearing his +crown in Lincoln, or, as some think, even entering the city. Although he +makes John the first to break through the superstition, yet the same is +attributed to his predecessor Stephen, who is described by H. Huntingdon as +entering the city fearlessly--"prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiosis." +This was after the great disasters of Stephen's reign; but as the +succession eventually departed from his line, Lord Lyttleton observes that +the citizens might nevertheless be strengthened in their credulity; and +Henry II. certainly humoured it so far as to wear his crown only in the +suburb of Wigford. John seems to have been very partial to the place, and +visited it repeatedly, as did many of his successors. Many parallel +superstitions might, no doubt, be gathered, as that of Oxford, and +Alexander the Great at Babylon, &c. + +B. + +Lincoln. + +_Haybands in Seals_ (Vol. iii., p. 186.).--In your paper for March 8. I +observe a Query by MR. M. A. LOWER respecting seals. It appears that MR. +LOWER has in his possession one or two seals, temp. Henry VII., which are +impressed on haybands, that is to say, the wax is encircled by a twisted +wisp of hay, or split straw; and, if I rightly understand MR. LOWER, no +device is apparent on the wax, but some ends of the hay or straw protrude +from the surface of it. Under these circumstances MR. LOWER states his +opinion that such seals belonged to mediaeval gentlemen who occupied their +time in fattening stock,--simply graziers. + +It may be interesting to some of your correspondents, and especially to MR. +LOWER, to know that a few seals, both pendent and impressed on the +parchment itself, within haybands, may be found of as early a date as the +reign of Edward II. From that time the fashion become very prevalent: in +the reigns of Richard II., Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI., and, indeed, +down to the period of Elizabeth, it was the common practice to secure the +wax impression in this manner. Almost all the impressions of the Privy Seal +of Henry V., called "the Eagle," are made on haybands. It is needless to +give further examples, as they must be well known to all antiquaries who +have studied the history of seals. It is not from the examination of a few +specimens of early seals that a general conclusion is to be rationally +drawn; and it is to be hoped that MR. LOWER may, even yet, be induced to +abandon his singular theory of graziers' seals. + +T. HUDSON TURNER. + +If your correspondents on this subject will refer to the first volume of +_Kalendars and Inventories of his Majesty's Exchequer_, published by the +Commissioners of Public Records, they will find in the Introduction, +written by Sir Francis Palgrave, at page cxlvii., a fac-simile +representation of a letter upon paper from James IV. of Scotland to Henry +VII., dated July 12, 1502, showing the seal encircled by a rush ring. At +page cxxxvii. it is stated that in the fifteenth century a rush ring +surrounding the fragile wax was not unfrequently used for the purpose of +preserving it. + +S. S. S. + +_Aver_ (Vol. iii., pp. 42. 157.).--Spelman, in his _Glossary_, derives +_averia_ from _averare_ pro laborare. _Averare_ he derives from the French +_ouvre_ and _ouvrage_, "vel potius a Latino _operare_, _o_ et _p_, ut +solent, in _a_ et _u_, conversis." "Hence," he says, "our ancestors called +beasts of burden _averia_, and the Scotch called them _avaria_." In +Northumberland, he elsewhere adds, "they call a lazy, sluggish horse 'a +faulse aver,' or 'afer.'" + +_Averum_ signified goods and chattels, and personal property in general, +and, in this sense, is derived from the French _avoir_. It also signified +the royal treasure, as appears from the following extract front the will of +Philip Augustus, sub anno {292} 1190. After directing his rents, services, +and oblations to be brought annually to Paris, he adds-- + + "In receptionibus averi nostri, Adam clericus noster presens erit, et + eas scribet, et singuli habeant singulas claves de singulis archis in + quibus reponetur averum nostrum in templo." + +The following story, which illustrates P.'s Query, is told by Blackstone:-- + + "Sir Thomas More (when a student on his travels) is said to have + puzzled a pragmatic professor at Bruges, who gave a universal challenge + to dispute with any person in any science: in omni scibili, et de + quolibet ente. Upon which Mr. More sent him this question, 'Utrum + averia carucae, capta in vetito namio, sint irreplegibilia, Whether + beasts of the plough, taken in withernam, are incapable of being + replevied:'" + +--a question likely enough to pose any man except an English lawyer. + +CUDYN GWYN. + +_Aver_ or _Aiver_ is a word in common use in the south of Scotland for a +_horse_. In Burns's poem entitled "The Dream," there is this couplet: + + "Yet aft a ragged cowte's been known + To mak a noble aiver." + +J. SS. + +_Aver_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--Your correspondents G. M. and D. 2. are at +cross purposes. The latter is unquestionably right in his opinion about +_haver cake_, _haver_ in that instance being the German _Hafer_, Sw. +_Havre_, &c., as held by Brockett (_North Country Words_) and Carr (_Craven +Glossary_). But _aver_, _averium_, on which G. M. descants, is altogether a +different word. As D. 2. requires the authority of a dictionary, allow me +to refer him to Lacombe, _Dictionnaire du vieux Langage Francois_, where he +will find: + + "AVOIRS, animaux domestiques de la basse cour." + "AVERLANDS, marchand de chevaux." + +And in the second, or supplementary volume of the same work: + + "'AVERS,' bestiaux qui nantissent une ferme a la campagne." + +See also Jamieson (_Scottish Dictionary_): + + "AVER, a cart-horse." + +A suggestion may also be gathered from Webster under AVERAGE. + +F. S. Q. + +In the _Chronicle of Jocelyn de Brakelond_, at p. 29. of Tomlins's +translation, mention is made of one Beodric, + + "Lord of that town, whose demesne lands are now in the demesne of the + Cellarer. And that which is now called _Averland_ was the land of the + rustics." + +Again, at p. 30.: + + The Cellarer was used freely to take all the dung-hills in every + street, for his own use, unless it were before the doors of those who + were holding _averland_; for to _them only_ was it allowable to collect + dung and to keep it." + +To this a note is appended to the effect that + + "Averland seems to have been ancient arable land so called, held by + rustic drudges and villans." + +At p. 29. the said Cellarer is stated + + To have _aver-peni_, to wit, for each thirty acres two pence."[8] + +Roquefort, in his _Glossaire de la Langue Romane_, gives _Aver_, from +_avoir_: "Bestiaux qui nantissent une ferme de campagne;" and _Ave_, "un +troupeau de brebis," from _ovis_. + +Raynouard, in the _Nouveau Choix des Poesies des Troubadours_, vol. ii., +which commences the _Lexique Roman_, derives "Aver" also from _Avoir_; to +signify possession generally I take it. 2dly, Troupeau, + + "E play mi quan li corredor + Fan las gens e 'ls _avers_ fugir." + ("Et il me plait quand les coureurs + Font fuir les gens et les troupeaux.") + + _Bertrand de Born, Be m Play._ + +Barbazan, in his short _Glossary_, derives the word from _Avarus_. + +H. C. C. + +[Footnote 8: "Averpenny was a sum paid as a composition for certain rustic +services."] + +I would inform D. 2. and others (Vol. iii., p. 42.) that _aver_, or +_haver-cake_, which he states to be the name applied in North Yorkshire to +the thin oat-cake in use there, is evidently derived from the Scandinavian +words, _Hafrar_, _Havre_, _Hafre_, oats. + +G. E. R. GORDON. + +Stockholm. + +"_The Sword Flamberg_" (Vol. iii., p. 168.)--AN ENGLISH MOTHER is informed +that "Flamberge," or "Floberge," is the name of the sword won in battle +from the Saracen admiral Anthenor by Mangis d'Aygremont, the hero of the +romance of that name. Ancient swords were frequently "flamboyant," or with +waved edges; more especially those used for purposes of state. The Dukes of +Burgundy bore a two-handed sword of this form. Indeed, "flaming swords," as +they were called, were worn down to the time of our Charles II., and +perhaps later. It is rather singular that the ordinary synonyma for a sword +should be "brand." The name of the weapon taken from King Bucar by the Cid +was "Tizona," or the Fire-brand. + +The flamboyant type may possibly be of Eastern origin. The krisses of the +Malays, at the present day have serpentine blades. + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + +_Cockade_ (Vol. iii., pp. 7. 196.).--The _cockade_ was simply the knot of +the riband that served to _cock_ the broad flapped hat worn by military men +in the seventeenth century, and which in fine weather, or going into +action, &c., they used to _cock_, by means of hooks, laces, and ribands. We +see still in the {293} cocked-hats of coachmen and beadles, the traces of +these old ligaments. Hence the phrase to _cock one's hat_. Let me add one +or two remarks on other points of dress arising out of old military habits. +In old times coats were of the shape we now call frocks, and _lined_ +throughout, generally with a different colour from the outside. When a +person in one of these coats was going about any active work, and +particularly into fight, he doubled back his sleeves, and folded back the +collar, which, being of a different colour, came to be what we now call the +_facings_ of military uniforms. The French, truer to their origin, still +call them the "_revers_." So also on such occasions the broad skirts of the +frock coat used to be hooked back not to impede the movements of the lower +limbs, and thence the swallow tails of military uniforms. So also the high +jack-boots, that covered the knees, used, in walking, to be turned down, +and the inside being of a lighter colour, gave the idea of what are called +_top-boots_. + +C. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +In the belief that the time has arrived when the history of our national +architecture must be reconsidered, with a view to a revision of the classes +or periods into which it has hitherto been divided, Mr. Sharpe has just put +forth a handsomely illustrated volume, under the title of _The Seven +Periods of English Architecture defined and illustrated_. Mr. Sharpe's +proposal is, that these seven periods should be thus formed:--three +belonging to the division _Romanesque_, under the titles of Saxon, Norman, +and Transitional Periods; and the remaining four to the _Gothic_, viz. the +Lancet, Geometrical, Curvilinear, and Rectangular Periods. We must, of +course, refer our readers who desire to know the principles upon which Mr. +Sharpe proposes this great change to the work itself, which is plain and to +the purpose. + +Mr. Bohn some time since became the purchaser of a large number of the +copper-plates of Gillray's _Caricatures_. Having had impressions taken, and +arranged them in one large volume, he sought the assistance of Mr. Wright, +who had just then published his _History of the House of Hanover, +illustrated by Caricatures_, and Mr. R. H. Evans, the well-known +bibliopole, towards an anecdotical catalogue of the works of this clever +satirist: and the result of the labours of these gentlemen has just been +published under the title of _Historical and Descriptive Account of the +Caricatures of James Gillray, comprising a Political and Humorous History +of the latter Part of the Reign of George III._ The volume will be found +not only an interesting key to Mr. Bohn's edition of Gillray, and a guide +to those who may be making a separate collection of his works, but a +pleasant illustration of the wit and satire which lashed the politicians +and amused the public + + "In the old time when George the Third was king." + +Those who know the value of those historical researches which Sir F. +Palgrave has already given to the world, will be glad to hear that the +first volume of his _History of Normandy and of England_ will probably be +published before the close of the present month. In this first volume, +which is described in the advertisement as containing the general relations +of Mediaeval Europe, the Carlovingian Empire, and the Danish Expeditions +into Gaul, we understand the learned author has treated those expeditions +at considerable length, and enters very fully into that of the decline of +the Carlovingian Empire,--a portion of the work as important, as it is in a +great measure new, to the English reader. Not the least valuable part of +the book will be Sir Francis Palgrave's account of the nature and character +of the Continental Chronicles, which form the substratum of his work, but +which, existing only in the great collections of Duchesne, Bouquet, Pertz, +&c., are generally very imperfectly known to English students. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell, on Monday next, a collection of +very rare and interesting Autograph Letters, more particularly illustrative +of the period of the Civil Wars. On the same day they will also commence a +Four-days' Sale of valuable Books, and Books of Engravings, chiefly from +the library of a gentleman deceased, including the original edition of +Stuart and Revett's _Athens_, a copy of Merian's _Topographia Germaniae_ +containing nearly one thousand engravings, and many other works of high +character. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Boswell's Life of Johnson, Illustrated_, vol. i. This is +the first volume of the _National Illustrated Library_, which the +projectors describe "as an endeavour to bestow upon half-crown volumes for +the _many_ the same typographical accuracy, and the same artistic ability, +hitherto almost exclusively devoted to high-priced books for the _few_." In +choosing _Boswell's Johnson_ for their first work, the projectors have +shown excellent judgment; and we are bound to add that the book is not only +well selected, but neatly printed, and illustrated with a number of +excellent woodcuts.--_Illustrations of Medieval Costume in England, &c._, +Part II. This second part deserves the same praise for cheapness as its +predecessor.--_The Cape and the Kafirs_, the new volume of Bohn's cheap +series, is a well-timed reprint of Mrs. Ward's _Five Years in Kafirland_, +with some little alteration and abridgment, and the addition of some +information for intending emigrants, from information supplied by published +official reports. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. XX. of +Books Old and New; T. Kerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of +Books lately bought; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Sixty-seventh Catalogue of Low-priced books, mostly Second-hand; Williams +and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue No. III. of +Foreign Second-hand Books, and Books at reduced prices. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1801. + + THOMS' LAYS AND LEGENDS OF VARIOUS NATIONS. Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834. + {294} + + PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522. + + CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681. + + BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705. + + PULLEN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. 8vo. + + COOPER (C. P.), ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. 1822. Vol. I. + + LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Sm. 8vo. 1837. Vols. X. XI., XII., XIII. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are again compelled by the number and value of the communications, +which have reached us, to present our Readers with an extra Eight Pages. We +trust, therefore, we shall be excused if, with reference to what we stated +a fortnight since, on the subject of making this enlargement_ permanent +_instead of_ occasional, _we quote from a valued correspondent the mode he +has kindly adopted with the view of promoting that increase of our +circulation, upon which such_ permanent _enlargement of our paper must +depend._ NOCAB _writes thus:--"Whenever I find an article in any Number +which I know to be peculiarly congenial to the taste of any of my literary +or scientific friends, I forward them a copy. A letter of thanks and an_ +intention of future subscription _has almost invariably been the result." +We are sure that this hint will not be lost upon our friends._ + +P. _will find his communication on_ Averia _inserted in_ No. 69. p. 157. + +S. H. H. _Received, and will be taken care of._ + +COMETS AND ECLIPSES. _We are requested by our valued correspondent_ C. _to +say that his Reply_, p. 253., _should have been headed_ Eclipses, _and was +intended to refer to the list of_ Eclipses (_not Comets_) _in the work to +which he refers. He was probably led into this slip of the pen by the +manner in which_ S. P. O. R. _had, in_ No. 73. p. 223. _mixed up Comets and +Eclipses in the same Query._ + +JARLTZBERG _has our best thanks. We receive his friendly suggestions in the +spirit in which they are offered; and will, as far as practicable, attend +to them. We trust he will receive in the same spirit our explanation, that +the delay in inserting his communications arises chiefly from the +difficulty in deciphering them. Our correspondents little know how greatly +editorial labours are increased by this apparently trifling cause._ + +E. T. C. _Our correspondent will find, on referring to our First Vol._, p. +445., _that the so-called French original of_ "Not a drum was heard," _is +only a clever literary hoax from the pen of Father Prout, which first +appeared in_ Bentley's Miscellany. + +J. B. C. _A proof of the Sovereign of 1820; and if in very good condition, +would perhaps sell for Two or Three Pounds._ + +LLEWELLYN. _Will this correspondent favour us with his address, that we may +forward a communication which we have received for him?_ + +ACHE _is requested to say how a communication may reach him._ + +F. R. R. _We have a further Query for this correspondent on the subject of +Sir Andrew Chadwick, if he will favour us with his address._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery--Disinterment for +Heresy--Mistletoe--The San Grail--MS. Cat. of Norman Nobility--Inedited +Poetry--Mazer--Whale in the Thames--Facts in Natural History--Nicolson +Family--Yankee--Cowdray--Scandal against Elizabeth--Capt. John +Stevens--Shakspeare's Captious--Epitaph on Countess of Pembroke--King +Richard III.--Ten Commandments--Comets--Edmund Prideaux--Lost +MSS.--Shakspeare's Use of "Strained"--Pilgrim's Road to +Canterbury--Solid-footed Pigs--Meaning of Gig--Swearing by Swans--Places +called Purgatory--Tu Autem--Thomas May--Pope Joan--Waste Book--Abbot +Eustacius--Chiming, &c._ + +VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price +9s. 6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, NO. CLXXVI., is just published. + +CONTENTS: + + 1. POULTRY LITERATURE. + 2. WOMEN IN FRANCE--MADAME DE MAINTENON. + 3. JULIUS CAESAR--MERIVALES'S ROMAN HISTORY. + 4. THE REPUBLIC IN THE KING'S COACHES. + 5. SANITARY MOVEMENT--CENTRALIZATION. + 6. LIVES OF CALVIN. By DYER, &C. + 7. LORD HOLLAND'S REMINISCENCES. + 8. LORD JOHN RUSSELL. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +TO BOOK COLLECTORS, AUCTIONEERS, and DEALERS in SECOND-HAND BOOKS.--The +Book containing the MINUTES of VESTRY of the Parish of St. Paul, Covent +garden, between the years 1645 and 1681, having been (on examination of the +Books, and Documents belonging to the Parish) discovered to be missing, a +REWARD of TEN POUNDS will be paid to any Person who shall forthwith cause +the said Minute-book to be delivered to Mr. MOSELEY, Vestry Clerk, 13. +Bedford Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published. + +SKETCHES OF THE POETICAL LITERATURE OF THE PAST HALF CENTURY. In Six +Lectures, delivered at the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution. By D. M. +MOIR [Delta]. In Fcap. 8vo. (pp. 330.) price 5s. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London. + +VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE. + +Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting the +policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as fully +detailed in the prospectus. + +A. SCRATCHLEY, M.A. + +Actuary and Secretary; Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration; +being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c." +Price 10s. 6d. + +London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE and REVIEW, No. 5, just published, price 3s. + +CONTENTS:--Freemasonry during the Great Exhibition--Love's Triumph--The +First Offence--On the Tabernacle and Temple--Notes upon Funeral +Solemnities--The Condition of Scotch Masonry--"Thinking" and "Working" +Freemasons--Masonic Processions--On the Rhine--Correspondence--Obituary: +Dr. Crucefix, Peter Thompson. Sir W. Lorraine, T. Pryer, &c.--G. Chapter +and G. Lodge Report--The 33rd Degree--The Charities--Metropolitan and +Provincial Intelligence--Scotland, Ireland, The Colonies, East Indies, West +Indies, America, Switzerland. + +R. SPENCER, 314. High Holborn; and sold by all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, NO. CXC., will be published on TUESDAY next. + +CONTENTS: + + 1. ENGLAND AS IT IS. + 2. SALMON FISHERIES. + 3. SOUTHEY'S LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE. + 4. LAMANISM IN TARTARY AND THIBET. + 5. VICTOR COUSIN. + 6. SPAIN AND SPANISH POLITICS. + 7. SHALL WE RETAIN OUR COLONIES? + 8. THE DEFEAT OF ITALY. + 9. ULTRAMONTANE DOUBTS. + +London: LONGMAN & CO. Edinburgh: A. & C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + + +JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE of BOOKS.--The New Number for APRIL is ready this +day, and can be had _Gratis_, on application. Amongst others, it contains a +large Selection of Books on Painting and the Fine Arts, from the Library of +the late Sir M. A. Shee, President of the Royal Academy; a few articles +from the late Duke of Cambridge's Collection; Works on Political Economy +and History; Books of Ballads; the Drama, &c. &c. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + + +{295} + +Just published, in One thick Volume, 8vo. cloth, 12s. + +WILLIAM PENN; an HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHY, from New Sources. With an extra +Chapter on "The Macaulay Charges." By WILLIAM HEPWORTH DIXON. With a +Portrait. + + "Within the compass of an octavo volume Mr. Dixon has compressed a + great variety of facts, many original, and all skilfully arranged, so + as to produce an authentic moral portrait of his hero. The literary + merits of the volume include great research, and a narrative at once + consecutive and vivid.... It makes an undeniable exposure of blunders + committed by Mr. Macaulay in reference to its hero, which will go far + to compromise his character as a historian."--_Athenaeum._ + +London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 193. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. + +Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91. + + DIRECTORS. + + HENRY KER SEYMER, Esq., M.P., Hanford, Dorset, Chairman. + JOHN VILLIERS SHELLEY, Esq., Maresfield Park, Sussex, Deputy-Chairman. + John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., M.P., Ipswich. + William Cubitt, Esq., Great George Street, Westminster. + Henry Currie, Esq., M.P., West Horsley, Surrey. + Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq., Claybrook Hall, Lutterworth. + William Fisher Hobbs, Esq., Boxted Lodge, Colchester. + Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P., Eaton Square, London. + Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George Street. + Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode Park, Bucks. + William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London. + William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts. + +This Company is empowered to execute-- + +1. 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To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by Restrictions +of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works, to resell them with a +Title communicated by the Company's Act. + +Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations, Incumbents, +Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited Interests may obtain +the use of the Company's Powers to carry out every kind of permanent +Improvement, either by the Application of their own or the Company's Funds, +secured by a yearly Charge on the Property improved. + +Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to + + WILLIAM CLIFFORD, Secretary. + + Offices, 52. Parliament Street, + Westminster. + + * * * * * + + +ARNOLD'S SELECT PLAYS OF SOPHOCLES, WITH ENGLISH NOTES. + +In 12mo. price 3s. + +THE PHILOCTETES of SOPHOCLES, with ENGLISH NOTES, translated from the +German of F. W. SCHNEIDEWIN, by the Rev. R. B. PAUL, M.A., and edited by +the Rev. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + +Of whom may be had, uniformly printed and edited, + +1. The AJAX of SOPHOCLES, with English Notes. 3s. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for April contains, among other articles:--The +Character of Charles II. by Peter Cunningham, Esq., F.S.A., being Chapter +IV. of the History of Nell Gwyn.--Unpublished Poems of Alex. Gill.--The +Dukes of Guise.--Chalcondyles and the English.--Bishop Stanley--Original +Letter of Pres. John Adams.--Saint Francis and the Franciscans.--The Bell +of Saint Patrick.--Totnes Castle (with a Plate).--Anecdotes of the +Protectorate, by Dr. H. Sampson.--Ancient Scottish Seals (with several +Engravings).--Mr. Macaulay and Penn.--With Notes of the Month, Review of +New Publications, Reports of Antiquarian Societies. Historical Chronicle, +and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Marquess of Northampton, Countess of +Charleville, Lord Berners, Lord Bexley, Sir F. Lawley, Sir Wm. Owen Barlow, +Sir John Tobin, Charles Spence, Esq., Q.C., James Sedgwick, Esq., Joanna +Baillie, Rev. A. Brandram, Rev. H. H. Norris, and other eminent persons +recently deceased. Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS and SON, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +STOCK of THEOLOGICAL BOOKS of Messrs. IVES and SWAN, late of +Paternoster-Row; an authentic Portrait of William Huntington; Baily on +Annuities, 207 Copies, &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on SATURDAY, April 12, and +Five following Days, Sunday and Good Friday excepted, the Extensive STOCK +of THEOLOGICAL BOOKS, Ancient and Modern, mostly in the English Language, +including a valuable Collection of the Works of the Puritan Divines, +Commentators on the Scriptures, Ecclesiastical Historians, and +Miscellaneous Writers. Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +In the Press, Volumes III. and IV. of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. Comprehending the period from +Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. + +VOLUMES I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end of Henry +III., 1066 to 1272. + + "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated + with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss + has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many + errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it + successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation; + and such taste and judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion + requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to + his work as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical + history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, cloth, 1s. + +THE GREEK CHURCH; a Sketch. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian +Union." + + "Anything written by the Author of 'Proposals for Christian Union' is + sure to be distinguished by an excellent spirit. The 'Greek Church,' a + Sketch, is well put together; and, though slight, will be found to + contain as much real information as many a book of greater size and + more pretension."--_The Guardian._ + +By the same, now ready, price 4d. + +A SUPPLEMENT ON THE DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE OF THE GREEK CHURCH. + + "We characterised the interesting little volume entitled 'The Greek + Church' as historical rather than doctrinal. The title of this + Supplement shows that it expressly supplies the very material in which + the original work was deficient."--_Notes and Queries._ + +This Essay and Supplement conclude the Series. The four preceding Essays of +Unity on sale. Second Edition, 1s. each. + +London: JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields. + +{296} + + * * * * * + + +MURRAY'S ENGLISH HANDBOOKS. + + * * * * * + +I. + +Early in April will be published, as a Pocket Volume, 16mo., + +HANDBOOK OF MODERN LONDON; Or, LONDON AS IT IS, IN 1851: giving full +Descriptions of all Places and Objects of Interest in the Metropolis, +including the various + + Palaces. + Public Buildings. + Government Offices. + Galleries of Art. + Churches. + Parks and Gardens. + Museums. + Private Mansions. + Principal Streets. + Hospitals and Asylums. + Clubs. + Exhibitions. + Theatres. + Public Monuments. + River Thames. + Docks. + Excursions in the Environs. + Conveyances, &c. + +*** The aim of this Work is to describe those Features of the Metropolis +best worth seeing, and the way they may be seen to the best advantage, as +well as to give some general hints as to Hotels, Lodgings, &c.; in other +words, it is intended to make "MURRAY'S HANDBOOK OF MODERN LONDON" on the +plan adopted with so much success in "MURRAY'S CONTINENTAL HANDBOOKS." + + * * * * * + +II. + +WESTMINSTER ABBEY: Its ART, ARCHITECTURE, and ASSOCIATIONS. 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