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diff --git a/26767.txt b/26767.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6acad4c --- /dev/null +++ b/26767.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3620 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 3, 2008 [EBook #26767] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: on page 399, "Yule College" in the original is +corrected to "Yale College". + + * * * * * + + +{381} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 208.] +SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + A Prophet 381 + + FOLK LORE:--Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire--New + Brunswick Folk Lore--North Lincolnshire Folk + Lore--Portuguese Folk Lore 382 + + Pope and Cowper, By J. Yeowell 383 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by Patrick Muirson, &c. 383 + + MINOR NOTES:--Judicial Families--Derivation of + "Topsy Turvy"--Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias-- + "Mary, weep no more for me"--Epitaph at Wood + Ditton--Pictorial Pun 384 + + QUERIES:-- + + Sir Thomas Button's Voyage, 1612, by John Petheram 385 + + MINOR QUERIES:--The Words "Cash" and "Mob" + --"History of Jesus Christ"--Quantity of the Latin + Termination -anus--Webb and Walker Families-- + Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes"--Point of Etiquette + --Napoleon's Spelling--Trench on Proverbs--Rings + formerly worn by Ecclesiastics--Butler's "Lives of + the Saints"--Marriage of Cousins--Castle Thorpe, + Bucks--Where was Edward II. killed?--Encore-- + Amcotts' Pedigree--Blue Bell: Blue Anchor-- + "We've parted for the longest time"--Matthew + Lewis--Paradise Lost--Colonel Hyde Seymour-- + Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire--Poems published at + Manchester--Handel's Dettingen Te Deum-- + Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. 386 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--The Ligurian Sage + --Gresebrok in Yorkshire--Stillingfleet's Library-- + The whole System of Law--Saint Malachy on the + Popes--Work on the Human Figure 389 + + REPLIES:-- + + "Namby Pamby," and other Words of the same Form 390 + Earl of Oxford 392 + Picts' Houses 392 + Pronunciation of "Humble" 393 + School Libraries 395 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Albumenized Paper + --Cement for Glass Baths--New Process for Positive + Proofs 395 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Groaning Elmplank + in Dublin--Passage in Whiston--"When + Orpheus went down"--Foreign Medical Education + --"Short red, good red"--Collar of SS.--Who first + thought of Table-turning--Passage of Thucydides on + the Greek Factions--Origin of "Clipper" as applied + to Vessels--Passage in Tennyson--Huet's Navigations + of Solomon--Sincere--The Saltpetre Man-- + Major Andre--Longevity--Passage in Virgil--Love + Charm from a Foal's Forehead--Wardhouse, where + was?--Divining Rod--Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle-- + Pagoda 397 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 401 + Notices to Correspondents 401 + Advertisements 402 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +A PROPHET. + +What a curious book would be "Our Prophets and Enthusiasts!" The literary +and biographical records of the vaticinators, and the heated spirits who, +after working upon the fears of the timid, and exciting the imaginations of +the weak, have flitted into oblivion! As a specimen of the odd characters +such a work would embrace, allow me to introduce to your readers Thomas +Newans, a Shropshire farmer, who unhappily took it into his head that his +visit to the lower sphere was on a special mission. + +Mr. Newans is the author of a book entitled _A Key to the Prophecies of the +Old and New Testament_; showing (among other impending events) "The +approaching Invasion of England;" "The Extirpation of Popery and +Mahometisme;" "The Restoration of the Jews," and "The Millennium." London: +printed for the Author (who attests the genuineness of my copy by his +signature), 1747. + +In this misfitted key he relates how, in a vision, he was invested with the +prophetic mantle: + + "In the year 1723, in the night," says Mr. Newans, "I fell into a + dream, and seemed to be riding on the road into the county of Cheshire. + When I was got about eight miles from home, my horse made a stop on the + road; and it seemed a dark night, and on a sudden there shone a light + before me on the ground, which was as bright as when the sun shines at + noon-day. In the middle of that bright circle stood a child in white. + It spoke, and told me that I must go into Cheshire, and I should find a + man with uncommon marks upon his feet, which should be a warning to me + to believe; and that the year after I should have a cow that would + calve a calf with his heart growing out of his body in a wonderful + manner, as a token of what should come to pass; and that a terrible war + would break out in Europe, and in fourteen years after the token it + would extend to England." + +In compliance with his supernatural communication, our farmer proceeded to +Cheshire, where he found the man indicated; and, a year after, his own farm +stock was increased by the birth of a calf with his heart growing out. And +after taking his family, of seven, to witness to the truth of {382} what he +describes, he adds with great simplicity: "So then I rode to London to +acquaint the ministers of state of the approaching danger!" + +This story of the calf with the heart growing out, is not a bad type of the +worthy grazier himself, and his _hearty_ and burning zeal for the +Protestant faith. Mr. Newans distinctly and repeatedly predicts that these +"two beastly religions," _i. e._ the Popish and Mahomedan, will be totally +extirpated within seven years! And "I have," says he, "for almost twenty +years past, travelled to London and back again into the country, near fifty +journies, and every journey was two hundred and fifty miles, to acquaint +the ministers of state and several of the bishops, and other divines, with +the certainty, danger, and manner of the war" which was to bring this +about. Commenting on the story of Balaam, our prophet says: "And now the +world is grown so full of sin and wickedness, that if a dumb ass should +speak with a man's voice, they would scarce repent:" and I conclude that +the said statesmen and divines did not estimate these prophetic warnings +much higher than the brayings of that quadruped which they turned out to +be. Mr. Newan professes to gave penned these vaticinations in the year +1744, twenty-one years after the date of his vision; so that he had ample +time to mature them. What would the farmer say were he favoured with a peep +at our world in 1853, with its Mussulman system unbroken; and its cardinal, +archbishops, and Popish bishops firmly established in the very heart of +Protestant England? + +J. O. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire._--About twenty years ago, at Hildersham, +there was a custom of ringing the church bell at five o'clock in the +leasing season. The cottagers then repaired to the fields to glean; but +none went out before the bell was rung. The bell tolled again in the +evening as a signal for all to return home. I would add a Query, Is this +custom continued; and is it to be met with in any other place? + +F. M. MIDDLETON. + +_New Brunswick Folk Lore_:--_Common Notions respecting Teeth._--Among the +lower orders and negroes, and also among young children of respectable +parents (who have probably derived the notion from contact with the others +as nurses or servants), it is here very commonly held that when a tooth is +drawn, if you refrain from thrusting the tongue in the cavity, the second +tooth will be golden. Does this idea prevail in England? + +_Superstition respecting Bridges._--Many years ago my grandfather had quite +a household of blacks, some of whom were slaves and some free. Being bred +in his family, a large portion of my early days was thus passed among them, +and I have often reverted to the weird superstitions with which they froze +themselves and alarmed me. Most of these had allusion to the devil: +scarcely one of them that I now recollect but referred to him. Among others +they firmly held that when the clock struck twelve at midnight, the devil +and a select company of his inferiors regularly came upon that part of the +bridge called "the draw," and danced a hornpipe there. So firmly did they +hold to this belief, that no threat nor persuasion could induce the +stoutest-hearted of them to cross the fatal draw after ten o'clock at +night. This belief is quite contrary to that which prevails in Scotland, +according to which, Robin Burns being my authority, "neither witches nor +any evil spirits have power to follow a poor wight any farther than the +middle of the next running stream."[1] + +C. D. D. + +New Brunswick, New Jersey. + +[Footnote 1: + + "Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg, + And win the key-stane of the brig: + There at them thou thy tail may toss, + A running stream they dare na crass."--_Tam O'Shanter._ + + ] + +_North Lincolnshire Folk Lore._--Here follow some shreds of folk lore which +I have not seen as yet in "N. & Q." They all belong to North Lincolnshire. + +1. Death sign. If a swarm of bees alight on a dead tree, or on the dead +bough of a living tree, there will be a death in the family of the owner +during the year. + +2. If you do not throw salt into the fire before you begin to churn, the +butter will not come. + +3. If eggs are brought over running water they will have no chicks in them. + +4. It is unlucky to bring eggs into the house after sunset. + +5. If you wear a snake's skin round your head you will never have the +headache. + +6. Persons called Agnes always go mad. + +7. A person who is born on Christmas Day will be able to see spirits. + +8. Never burn egg-shells; if you do, the hens cease to lay. + +9. If a pigeon is seen sitting in a tree, or comes into the house, or from +being wild suddenly becomes tame, it is a sign of death. + +10. When you see a magpie you should cross yourself; if you do not you will +be unlucky. + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors. + +_Portuguese Folk Lore._-- + + "The borderer whispered in my ear that he was one of the dreadful + Lobishomens, a devoted race, held in mingled horror and commiseration, + and never mentioned {383} without by the Portuguese peasantry. They + believe that if a woman be delivered of seven male infants + successively, the seventh, by an inexplicable fatality, becomes subject + to the powers of darkness; and is compelled, on every Saturday evening, + to assume the likeness of an ass. So changed, and followed by a horrid + train of dogs, he is forced to run an impious race over the moors and + through the villages; nor is allowed an interval of rest until the + dawning Sabbath terminates his sufferings, and restores him to his + human shape."--From Lord Carnarvon's _Portugal and Gallicia_, vol. ii. + p. 268. + +E. H. A. + + * * * * * + +POPE AND COWPER. + +In Cowper's letter to Lady Hesketh, dated January 18, 1787, occurs a notice +for the first time of Mr. Samuel Rose, with whom Cowper subsequently +corresponded. He informs Lady Hesketh that-- + + "A young gentleman called here yesterday, who came six miles out of his + way to see me. He was on a journey to London from Glasgow, having just + left the University there. He came, I suppose, partly to satisfy his + own curiosity, but chiefly, as it seemed, to bring me the thanks of + some of the Scotch professors for my two volumes. His name is Rose, an + Englishman." + +Prefixed to a copy of Hayley's _Life and Letters of William Cowper, Esq._, +in the British Museum, is an extract in MS. of a letter from the late +Samuel Rose, Esq., to his favourite sister, Miss Harriet Rose, written in +the year before his marriage, at the age of twenty-two, and which, I +believe, has never been printed. It may, perhaps, merit a corner of "N. & +Q." + + "Weston Lodge, Sept. 9, 1789. + + "Last week Mr. Cowper finished the _Odyssey_, and we drank an + unreluctant bumper to its success. The labour of translation is now at + an end, and the less arduous work of revision remains to be done, and + then we shall see it published. I promise both you and myself much + pleasure from its perusal. You will most probably find it at first less + pleasing than Pope's versification, owing to the difference subsisting + between blank verse and rhyme--a difference which is not sufficiently + attended to, and whereby people are led into injudicious comparisons. + You will find Mr. Pope more refined: Mr. Cowper more simple, grand, and + majestic; and, indeed, insomuch as Mr. Pope is more refined than Mr. + Cowper, he is more refined than his original, and in the same + proportion departs from Homer himself. Pope's must universally be + allowed to be a beautiful poem: Mr. Cowper's will be found a striking + and a faithful portrait, and a pleasing picture to those who enjoy his + style of colouring, which I am apprehensive is not so generally + acceptable as the other master's. Pope possesses the gentle and amiable + graces of a Guido: Cowper is endowed with the bold sublime genius of a + Raphael. After having said so much upon their comparative merits, + enough, I hope, to refute your second assertion which was, that women, + in the opinion of men, have little to do with literature. I may inform + you, that the _Iliad_ is to be dedicated to Earl Cowper, and the + _Odyssey_ to the Dowager Lady Spencer but this information need not be + extensively circulated." + +J. YEOWELL. + +50. Burton Street. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_"As You Like It."_--Believing that whatever illustrates, even to a +trifling extent, the great dramatic poet of England will interest the +readers of "N. & Q.," I solicit their attention to the resemblance between +the two following passages: + + "All the world's a stage, + And all the men and women merely players." + + "Si recte aspicias, _vita haec est fabula quaedam_. + _Scena autem, mundus versatilis_: _histrio et actor_ + _Quilibet est hominum--mortales nam proprie cuncti_ + _Sunt personati_, et falsa sub imagine, vulgi + Praestringunt oculos: _ita Diis, risumque jocumque_, + _Stultitiis, nugisque suis per saecula praebent_. + . . . . . . . . + "Jam mala quae humanum patitur genus, adnumerabo. + _Principio_ postquam e latebris male olentibus alvi + Eductus tandem est, materno sanguine foedus, + _Vagit, et auspicio lacrymarum nascitur infans_. + . . . . . . . . + "Vix natus jam vincla subit, tenerosque coercet + Fascia longa artus: praesagia dire futuri + Servitii. + . . . . . . . . + "Post ubi jam valido se poplite sustinet, et jam + Rite loqui didicit, tunc servire incipit, atque + Jussa pati, _sentitque minas ictusque magistri_, + Saepe patris matrisque manu fratrisque frequenter + Pulsatur: facient quid vitricus atque noverca? + _Fit juvenis, crescunt vires_: jam spernit habenas, + Occluditque aures monitis, furere incipit, ardens + Luxuria atque ira: et temerarius omnia nullo + Consilio aggreditur, dictis melioribus obstat, + Deteriora fovens: _non ulla pericula curat_, + Dummodo id efficiat, suadet quod coeca libido. + . . . . . . . . + "_Succedit gravior, melior, prudentior aetas_, + Cumque ipsa curae adveniunt, durique labores; + Tune homo mille modis, studioque enititur omni + Rem facere, et nunquam sibi multa negotia desunt. + Nunc peregre it, nunc ille domi, nunc rure laborat, + Ut sese, uxorem, natos, famulosque gubernet, + Ac servet, solus pro cunctis sollicitus, nec + Jucundis fruitur dapibus, nec nocte quieta. + Ambitio hunc etiam impellens, _ad publica mittit_ + _Munia_: dumque inhiat vano male sanus honori, + Invidiae atque odii patitur mala plurima: deinceps + _Obrepit canis rugosa senecta capillis_, + Secum multa trahens incommoda corporis atque + Mentis: nam _vires abeunt, speciesque colorque_, + Nec non _deficiunt sensus_: _audire, videre_ + {384} + _Languescunt, gustusque minor fit_: denique semper + Aut hoc, aut illo morbo vexantur--_inermi_ + _Manduntur vix ore cibi_, _vix crura bacillo_ + _Sustentata meant_: animus quoque vulnera sentit. + _Desipit, et longo torpet confectus ab aevo_." + +It would have only occupied your space needlessly, to have transcribed at +length the celebrated description of the seven ages of human life from +Shakspeare's _As You Like It_; but I would solicit the attention of your +readers to the Latin verses, and then to the question, Whether either poet +has borrowed from the other? and, should this be decided affirmatively, the +farther question would arise, Which is the original? + +ARTERUS. + +Dublin. + + [These lines look like a modern paraphrase of Shakspeare; and our + Correspondent has not informed us from what book he has _transcribed_ + them.--Ed.] + +_Passage in "King John" and "Romeo and Juliet."_--I am neither a +commentator nor a reader of commentators on Shakspeare. When I meet with a +difficulty, I get over it as well as I can, and think no more of the +matter. Having, however, accidentally seen two passages of Shakspeare much +ventilated in "N. & Q.," I venture to give my poor conjectures respecting +them. + +1. _King John._-- + + "It lies as sightly on the back of him, + As great Alcides' _shows_ upon an ass." + +I consider _shows_ to be the true reading; the reference being to the +ancient _mysteries_, called also _shows_. The machinery required for the +celebration of the mysteries was carried by _asses_. Hence the proverb: +"Asinus portat mysteriae." The connexion of Hercules--"great Alcides"--with +the mysteries, may be learned from Aristophanes and many other ancient +writers. And thus the meaning of the passage seems to be: The lion's skin, +which once belonged to Richard of the Lion Heart, is as sightly on the back +of _Austria_, as were the mysteries of Hercules upon an ass. + +2. _Romeo and Juliet._-- + + "That runaways eyes may wink." + +Here I would retain the reading, and interpret _runaways_ as signifying +"persons going about on the watch." Perhaps _runagates_, according to +modern usage, would come nearer to the proposed signification, but not to +be quite up with it. Many words in Shakspeare have significations very +remote from those which they now bear. + +PATRICK MUIRSON. + +_Shakspeare and the Bible._--Has it ever been noticed that the following +passage from the Second Part of _Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., is taken from +the fourteenth chapter of St. Luke's Gospel? + + "What do we then, but draw anew the model + In fewer offices; or, at least, desist + To build at all? Much more, in this great work, + (Which is almost to pluck a kingdom down, + And set another up) should we survey + The plot, the situation, and the model; + Consult upon a sure foundation, + Question surveyors, know our own estate, + How able such a work to undergo. + A careful leader sums what force he brings + To weigh against his opposite; or else + We fortify on paper, and in figures, + Using the names of men, instead of men: + Like one that draws the model of a house + Beyond his power to build it." + +The passage in St. Luke is as follows (xiv. 28-31.): + + "For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, + and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it? + + "Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to + finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him, + + "Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish. + + "Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down + first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him + that cometh against him with twenty thousand?" + +I give the passage as altered by Mr. Collier's Emendator, because I think +the line added by him, + + "A careful leader sums what force he brings," + +is strongly corroborated by the Scripture text. + +Q. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Judicial Families._--In vol. v. p. 206. (new edition) of Lord Mahon's +_History of England_, we find the following passage: + + "Lord Chancellor Camden was the younger son of Chief Justice Pratt,--a + case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not easily + matched, unless by their own cotemporaries, Lord Hardwicke and Charles + Yorke." + +The following case, I think, is equally, if not more, remarkable:-- + +The Right Hon. Thomas Berry Cusack-Smith, brother of the present Sir +Michael Cusack-Smith, Bart., is Master of the Rolls in Ireland, having been +appointed to that high office in January, 1846. His father, Sir William +Cusack-Smith, second baronet, was for many years Baron of the Court of +Exchequer in Ireland. And his grandfather, the Right Hon. Sir Michael +Smith, first baronet, was, like his grandson at the present day, Master of +the Rolls in Ireland. + +Is not this "a case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not +easily matched?" + +ABHBA. + +{385} + +_Derivation of "Topsy Turvy."_--When things are in confusion they are +generally said to be turned "topsy turvy." The expression is derived from a +way in which turf for fuel is placed to dry on its being cut. The surface +of the ground is pared off with the heath growing on it, and the heath is +turned downward, and left some days in that state that the earth may get +dry before it is carried away. It means then top-side-turf-way. + +CLERICUS RUSTICUS. + +_Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias._--Allow me to offer a suggestion to the +publishers and compilers of dictionaries; first as to dictionaries of the +language. A large class refer to these only to learn the meaning of words +not familiar to them, but which may occur in reading. If the dictionaries +are framed on the principle of displaying only the classical language of +England, it is ten to one they will not supply the desired information. Let +there be, besides classical dictionaries, glossaries which will exclude no +word whatever on account of rarity, vulgarity, or technicality, but which +may very well exclude those which are most familiar. As to encyclopaedias, +their value is chiefly as supplements to the library; but surely no one +studies anatomy, or the differential calculus, or architecture, in them, +however good the treatises may be. I want a dictionary of miscellaneous +subjects, such as find place more easily in an encyclopaedia than anywhere +else; but why must I also purchase treatises on the higher mathematics, on +navigation, on practical engineering, and the like, some of which I already +may possess, others not want, and none of which are a bit the more +convenient because arranged in alphabetical order in great volumes. +Besides, they cannot be conveniently replaced by improved editions. + +ENCYCLOPAEDICUS. + +_"Mary, weep no more for me."_--There is a well-known ballad of this name, +said to have been written by a Scotchman named "Low." The first verse runs +thus: + + "The moon had climbed the highest hill, + Which rises o'er the source of Dee, + And from the eastern summit sped + Its silver light on tower and tree." + +I find, however, amongst my papers, a fragment of a version of this same +ballad, of, I assume, earlier antiquity, which so surpasses Low's ballad +that the author has little to thank him for his interference. The first +verse of what I take to be the original poem stands thus: + + "The moon had climbed the highest hill, + Where eagles big[2] aboon the Dee, + And like the looks of a lovely dame, + Brought joy to every body's ee." + +No poetical reader will require his attention to be directed to the +immeasurable superiority of this glorious verse: the high poetic animation, +the eagles' visits, the lovely looks of female beauty, the exhilarating +gladness and joy affecting the beholder, all manifest the genius of the +master bard. I shall receive it as a favour if any of your correspondents +will furnish a complete copy of the original poem, and contrast it with +what "Low" fancied his "improvements." + +JAMES CORNISH. + +[Footnote 2: Build.] + +_Epitaph at Wood Ditton._--You have recently appropriated a small space in +your "medium of intercommunication" to the subject of epitaphs. I can +furnish you with one which I have been accustomed to regard as a "grand +climacterical absurdity." About thirty years ago, when making a short +summer ramble, I entered the churchyard of Wood Ditton, near Newmarket, and +my attention was attracted by a headstone, having inlaid into its upper +part a piece of iron, measuring about ten inches by six, and hollowed out +into the shape of a _dish_. I inquired of a cottager residing on the spot +what the thing meant? I was informed that the party whose ashes the grave +covered was a man who, during a long life, had a strange taste for sopping +a slice of bread in a dripping-pan (a pan over which meat has been +roasted), and would relinquish for this all kinds of dishes, sweet or +savoury; that in his will he left a request that a dripping-pan should be +fixed in his gravestone; that he wrote his own epitaph, an exact copy of +which I herewith give you, and which he requested to be engraved on the +stone: + + "Here lies my corpse, who was the man + That loved a sop in the dripping-pan; + But now believe me I am dead,-- + See here the pan stands at my head. + Still for sops till the last I cried, + But could not eat, and so I died. + My neighbours they perhaps will laugh, + When they read my epitaph." + +J. H. + +Cambridge. + +_Pictorial Pun._--In the village of Warbleton, in Sussex, there is an old +public-house, which has for its sign a War Bill in a tun of beer, in +reference of course to the name of the place. It has, however, the double +meaning, of "Axe for Beer." + +R. W. B. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +SIR THOMAS BUTTON'S VOYAGE, 1612. + +I am about to print some information, hitherto I believe totally unknown, +relative to the voyage of Sir Thomas Button in 1612, for the discovery of +the north-west passage. + +Of this voyage a journal was kept, which was in existence many years +afterwards, being offered by {386} its author to Secretary Dorchester in +1629, then engaged in forwarding the projected voyage of "North-West" Foxe; +it is remarkable, however, that no extended account of this voyage, so +important in its objects, has ever been published. I am desirous of knowing +if this journal is in existence, and where? Also, Lord Dorchester's letter +to Button in February, 1629; of any farther information on the subject of +the voyage, or of Sir Thomas Button. + +What I possess already are, 1. "Motiues inducing a Proiect for the +Discouerie of the North Pole terrestriall; the streights of Anian, into the +South Sea, and Coasts thereof," anno 1610. 2. Prince Henry's Instructions +for the Voyage, together with King James's Letters of Credence, 1612. 3. A +Letter from Sir Thomas Button to Secretary Dorchester, dated Cardiff, 16th +Feb., 1629 (from the State Paper Office). 4. Sir Dudley Digges' little +tract on the N.-W. Passage, written to promote the voyage, and of which +there were two distinct impressions in 1611 and 1612. 5. Extracts from the +Carleton Correspondence, and from the Hakluyt Society's volume on Voyages +to the North-West. + +I shall be glad also to learn the date, and any other facts connected with +the death of John Davis, the discoverer of the Straits bearing his name. + +JOHN PETHERAM. + +94. High Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_The Words "Cash" and "Mob."_--In Moore's _Diary_ I find the following +remark. Can any of your numerous readers throw any light on the subject? + + "Lord Holland doubted whether the word 'Cash' was a legitimate English + word, though, as Irving remarked, it is as old as Ben Jonson, there + being a character called Cash in one of his comedies. Lord Holland said + Mr. Fox was of opinion that the word 'Mob' was not genuine + English."--Moore's _Diary_, vol. iii. p. 247. + +CLERICUS RUSTICUS. + +_"History of Jesus Christ."_--G. L. S. will feel obliged by any +correspondent of "N. & Q." stating who is the author of the following +work?-- + + "The History of the Incarnation, Life, Doctrine and Miracles, the + Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour, + Jesus Christ. In Seven Books; illustrated with Notes, and interspersed + with Dissertations, theological, historical, geographical and critical. + + "To which are added the Lives, Actions, and Sufferings of the Twelve + Apostles; also of Saint Paul, Saint Mark, Saint Luke, and Saint + Barnabas. Together with a Chronological Table from the beginning of the + reign of Herod the Great to the end of the Apostolic Age. By a Divine + of the Church of England. + + "London: printed for T. Cooper, at the Globe, in Paternoster Row, + 1737." + +This work is in one folio volume, and all I can ascertain of its authorship +is that it was _not_ written by Bishop Gibson, of "Preservative" fame. + +_Quantity of the Latin Termination -anus._--Proper names having the +termination _-anus_ are always long in Latin and short in Greek; thus, the +Claudi[=a]nus, Luci[=a]nus, &c. of the Latins are [Greek: Klaudianos] and +[Greek: Loukianos] in Greek. What is to be said of the word [Greek: +Christianos]? Is it long or short, admitting it to be long in the Latin +tongue? + +While on the subject of quantities, let me ask, where is the authority for +that of the name of the queen of the Ethiopians, Candace, to be found? We +always pronounce it long, but all books of authority mark it as short. + +ANTI-BARBARUS. + +_Webb and Walker Families._--Perhaps you or some of your numerous readers +could inform me if the Christian names of Daniel and Roger were used 160 or +180 years ago by any of the numerous families of _Webb_ or _Webbe_, +resident in Wilts or elsewhere; and if so, in what family of that name? And +is there any pedigree of them extant? and where is it to be found? + +Was the Rev. Geo. Walker, the defender of Derry, connected with the Webbs? +and if so, how, and with what family? + +Is there any Webb mentioned in history at the siege of Derry? and if so, to +what family of that name did he belong? + +GULIELMUS. + +_Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes."_--I stumbled lately at a book-stall on a +very curious old book entitled _A Treasurie or Store-house of Similes both +pleasant, delightfull, and profitable_. The title-page is gone; but in an +old hand on the cover it is stated to have been written by a certain +"Cawdrey," and to have been printed in 1609, where I cannot discover. Can +any of your correspondents oblige me with some information concerning him? +The book is marked "scarce." + +J. H. S. + +_Point of Etiquette._--Will some of your numerous correspondents kindly +inform me as to the rule in such a case as the following: when an elder +brother has lost both his daughters in his old age, does the eldest +daughter of the younger brother take the style of _Miss_ Smith, Jones, +Brown, or Robinson, as the case may be? + +F. D., M.R.C.S. + +_Napoleon's Spelling._--Macaulay, in his _History of England_, chap. vii., +quotes, in a foot-note, a passage from a letter of William III., written in +French to his ambassador at Paris, and then makes this remark, "The +spelling is bad, but not worse than Napoleon's." {387} + +Can you refer me to some authentic proof of the fact that Napoleon was +unable to spell correctly? It is well known that he affected to put his +thoughts upon paper with great rapidity; and the consequence of this +practice was, that in almost every word some letters were dropped, or their +places indicated by dashes. But this was only one of those numerous +contrivances, to which he was in the habit of resorting, in order to +impress those around him with an idea of his greatness. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Trench on Proverbs._--Mr. Trench, in this excellent little work, states +that the usual translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. is incorrect: + + "Let me remind you of such [proverbs] also as the following, often + quoted or alluded to by Greek and Latin authors: _The net of the + sleeping (fisherman) takes_[3]; a proverb the more interesting, that we + have in the words of the Psalmist (Ps. cxxvii. 2.), were they + accurately translated, a beautiful and perfect parallel; 'He giveth his + beloved' (not 'sleep,' but) 'in their sleep;' his gifts gliding into + their bosoms, they knowing not how, and as little expecting as leaving + laboured for them." + +The Hebrew is [Hebrew: YTN LYDYDW SHN'], the literal translation of which, +"He giveth (or, He will give) to his beloved sleep," seems to me to be +correct. + +As Mr. Trench is a reader of "N. & Q.," perhaps he would have the kindness +to mention in its pages the ground he has for his proposed translation. + +E. M. B. + +[Footnote 3: "[Greek: Heudonti kurtos hairei]. Dormienti rete trahit."] + +_Rings formerly worn by Ecclesiastics._--In describing the finger-ring +found in the grave of the Venerable Bede, the writer of _A brief Account of +Durham Cathedral_ adds,-- + + "No priest, during the reign of Catholicity, was buried or enshrined + without his ring."--P. 81. + +I have seen a similar statement elsewhere, and wish to ask, 1st, Were +priests formerly buried with the ring? 2ndly, If so, was it a mere custom, +or was it ordered or authorised by any rubric or canon of our old English +Church? + +I am very strongly of opinion that such never was the custom, and that the +statement above quoted has its origin in the confounding priests with +bishops. Martene says, when speaking of the manner of burying bishops,-- + + "Episcopus debet habere annulum, quia sponsus est. Caeteri sacerdotes + non, quia sponsi non sunt, sed amici sponsi vel vicarii."--_De Antiquis + Ecclesiae Ritibus_, lib. III. cap. xii. n. 11. + +CEYREP. + +_Butler's "Lives of the Saints."_--Can any of your correspondents supply a +correct list of the various editions of this popular work? The notices in +Watt and Lowndes are very unsatisfactory. + +J. YEOWELL. + +_Marriage of Cousins._--It was asserted to me the other day that marriage +with a _second_ cousin is, by the laws of England, illegal, and that +succession to property has been lately barred to the issue of such +marriage, though the union of _first_ cousins entails no such consequences. +Is there any foundation for this statement? + +J. P. + +_Castle Thorpe_[4], _Bucks._--A traditional rhyme is current at this place +which says that-- + + "If it hadn't been for Cobb-bush Hill, + Thorpe Castle would have stood there still." + +or the last line, according to another version,-- + + "There would have been a castle at Thorpe still." + +Now it appears from Lipscomb's _History_ of the county, that the castle was +demolished by Fulke de Brent about 1215; how then can this tradition be +explained? + +Cobb-bush Hill, I am told, is more than half a mile from the village. + +H. THOS. WAKE. + +[Footnote 4: Pronounced _Thrup_.] + +_Where was Edward II. killed?_--Hume and Lingard state that this monarch +was murdered at Berkeley Castle. Echard and Rapin are silent, both as to +the event and as to the locality. But an earlier authority, viz. Martyn, in +his _Historie and Lives of Twentie Kings_, 1615, says: + + "He was committed to the Castle of Killingworth, and Prince Edward was + crowned king. And not long after, the king being removed to the Castle + of Corff, was wickedly assayled by his keepers, who, through a horne + which they put in his," &c. + +What authority had Martyn for these statements? + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Encore._--Perhaps some correspondent of "N. & Q." can assign a reason why +we use this French word in our theatres and concert rooms, to express our +desire for the repetition of favourite songs, &c. I should also like to +know at what period it was introduced. + +A. A. + +_Amcotts' Pedigree._--Can any of your correspondents supply me with a full +pedigree of Amcotts of Astrop, co. Lincolnshire? I do not refer to the +Visitations, but to the later descents of the family. The last heir male +was, I believe, Vincent Amcotts, Esq., great-grandfather to the present Sir +William Amcotts Ingilby, Bart. Elizabeth Amcotts, who married, 19th July, +1684, John Toller, Esq., of Billingborough Hall in Lincolnshire, was one of +this family, and I suppose aunt to Vincent Amcotts. I may mention, the +calendars {388} of the Will Office at Lincoln have no entries of the name +of Amcotts between 1670 and 1753. + +TEWARS. + +_Blue Bell--Blue Anchor._--A bell painted blue is a common tavern sign in +this country (United States); and the blue anchor is also to be met with in +many places. As these signs evidently had their origin in England, and one +of them is alluded to in the old Scotch ballad "The Blue Bell of Scotland," +it seems to me that the best method to apply for information upon the +subject is to ask "N. & Q." Are these signs of inns heraldic survivors of +old time; are they corruptions of some other emblem, such as that which in +London transformed _La Belle Sauvage_ into the _Bell Savage_, pictorialised +by an Indian ringing a hand-bell; or is the choice of such improper colour +as blue for a bell and an anchor a species of symbolism the meaning of +which is not generally known? + +[Old English W]. + +Philadelphia. + +_"We've parted for the longest time."_--Would you insert these lines in +your paper, the author of which I seek to know, as well as the remaining +verses? + + "We've parted for the longest time, we ever yet did part, + And I have felt the last wild throb of that enduring heart: + Thy cold and tear-wet cheek has lain for the last time to mine, + And I have pressed in agony those trembling lips of thine." + +R. JERMYN COOPER. + +The Rectory, Chiltington Hunt, Sussex. + +_Matthew Lewis._--Allow me to solicit information, through the medium of +"N. & Q.," where I can see a pedigree of Matthew Lewis, Esq., Deputy +Secretary of War for many years under the Right Hon. William Windham, then +M.P. for Norwich, and other Secretaries-at-War. I rather think Mr. Lewis +married a daughter of Sir Thomas Sewell, Kt., Master of the Rolls from 1764 +to 1784; and had a son, Matthew Gregory Lewis, known as _Monk_ Lewis, who +was M.P. for Hindon at the close of the last century: a very clever but +eccentric young man. I also believe Lieut.-Gen. John Whitelocke, and Gen. +Sir Thos. Brownrigg, G.C.B., who died in 1838, were connected by marriage +with the Sewell or Lewis families. + +C. H. F. + +_Paradise Lost._--In _A Treatise on the Dramatic Literature of the Greeks_, +by the Rev. J. R. Darley, I read the following remark: + + "In our own literature also, the efforts of our early dramatists were + directed to subjects derived from religion; even the _Paradise Lost_ is + composed of a series of minor pieces, originally cast in dramatic form, + of which the creation and fall of man, and the several episodes which + were introduced subordinately to these grand events, were the + subject-matter." + +This statement being at variance with the received opinion, that Milton, +from his early youth, had meditated the composition of an epic poem, I +would inquire whether there is any evidence to support Mr. Darley's view? +Milton has been charged with having borrowed the design of _Paradise Lost_ +from some Italian author; and this allegation, coupled with that made by +Mr. Darley, would, if founded, reduce our great national epic to what +Hazlitt has described as "patchwork and plagiarism, the beggarly +copiousness of borrowed wealth." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Colonel Hyde Seymour._--Who was "Colonel Hyde Seymour?" I find his name +written in a book, _The Life of William the Third_, 1703. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire._--In Speed's plan of Richmond, in Yorkshire, +is represented the mouth of a "vault that goeth under the river, and +ascendeth up into the Castell." Was there ever such a vault, and how came +it to be destroyed or lost sight of? One who knows Richmond well tells me +that he never heard of it. + +O. L. R. G. + +_Poems published at Manchester._--Can any contributor to "N. & Q." inform +me who was the author of a volume of _Poems on Several Occasions_, +published by subscription at Manchester; printed for the author by R. +Whitworth, in the year 1733? It is an 8vo. of 138 pages; has on the +title-page a line from Ovid: + + "Jure, tibi grates, candide lector, ago," + +and begins with an "Address to all my Subscribers;" after which follow +several pages of subscribers' names, which consist chiefly of Staffordshire +and Cheshire gentry. My copy (for the possession of which I am indebted to +the kindness of Dr. Bliss, the Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford) was +formerly in the library of Mr. Heber, who has thus noted its purchase on +the fly-leaf, "Feb. 1811, Ford, Manchester, 7s. 6d." Dr. Bliss has added, +on the same fly-leaf, "Heber's fourth sale, No. 1908, not in the Bodleian +Catalogue." The first poem in the book is "A Pastoral to the Memory of Sir +Thomas Delves, Baronet." It is probably a scarce book; but possibly some of +your book-learned correspondents may help me to the author's name. + +W. SNEYD. + +Denton. + +_Handel's Dettingen Te Deum._--Any information as to the circumstances +under which Handel composed this celebrated _Te Deum_, and the place {389} +and occasion of its first public performance, will be welcome to + +PHILO-HANDEL. + +_Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart._--As I believe myself (morally +speaking) to be _lineally_ descended from the former of these celebrated +men, and _collaterally_ from the latter, may I request that information may +be forwarded me, either through your columns or by correspondence, +regarding the descendants of the great poet and his ancestry; and also +whether, among the many thousand volumes bequeathed by Sir Hans to the +nation, some record does not exist tending to prove his genealogical +descent? At present I know of no other pedigree than that Mr. Burke has +given of him in his _Extinct Baronetage_. I shall feel exceedingly +gratified if any assistance can be given me relating to these two families. + +W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS. + +Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_The Ligurian Sage._--In Gifford's _Maeviad_, lines 313-316, I read,-- + + "Together we explored the stoic page + Of the Ligurian, stern tho' beardless sage! + Or trac'd the Aquinian thro' the Latin road, + And trembled at the lashes he bestow'd." + +The Aquinian is of course Juvenal; but I must confess me at fault with +respect to the Ligurian. + +W. T. M. + + [The Ligurian sage is no doubt Aulus Persius Flaccus, who, according to + ancient authors, was born at Volaterrae in Etruria; but some modern + writers conclude that he was born at Lunae Portus in Liguria, from the + following lines (Sat. VI. 6.), which seem to relate to the place of his + residence: + + "Mihi nunc Ligus ora + Intepet, hybernatque _meum_ mare, qua latus ingens + Dant scopuli, et multa littus se valle receptat. + _Lunai portum_ est operae cognoscere, cives." + + When approaching the verge of manhood, Persius became the pupil of + Cornutus the Stoic, and his death took place before he had completed + his twenty-eighth year.] + +_Gresebrok in Yorkshire._--Can you or any of your correspondents give me +any information as to what part of Yorkshire the manor of Gresebrok lies +in? In Shaw's _History of Staffordshire_ (2 vols. folio), there is a +"Bartholomew de Gresebrok" mentioned as witness to a deed of Henry III.'s +times made between Robert de Grendon, Lord of Shenston, and Jno. de +Baggenhall; which family of Gresebrok, it is said, "probably took their +name from a _manor so called in Yorkshire_, and had property and residence +in Shenstone, from this early period to the beginning of the century, many +of whom are recorded in the registers from 1590 to 1722." + +The above is quoted by Shaw from Sanders's _History of Shenstone_, p. 98., +and perhaps some of your correspondents may possess that work, and will +oblige me by transcribing the necessary information. + +Any particulars of the above family will much oblige your constant reader + +[Greek: Heraldikos.] + + [According to Sanders, the family of Greisbrook was formerly of some + note at Shenstone. He says that "Greisbrook, whence the family had + their name, is a manor in Yorkshire, which, in the reign of Henry III., + was in the great House of Mowbray, of whom the Greisbrooks held their + lands. Roger de Greisbrook (temp. Henry II.) is mentioned as holding of + the fee of Alice, Countess of Augie, or Ewe, daughter of William de + Albiney, Earl of Arundel, by Queen Alice, relict of Henry I." Then + follow some particulars of various branches of the family, from the + year 1580 to the death of Robert Greisbrook in 1718. Sanders's History + is included in vol. ix. of _Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica_.] + +_Stillingfleet's Library._--The extensive and valuable library of Edward +Stillingfleet, the learned Bishop of Worcester, who died in 1699, is said +to be contained in the library of Primate Marsh, St. Patrick's, Dublin. Can +any of your correspondents state how it came there? Was it bequeathed by +the bishop, or sold by his descendants? He died at Westminster, and was +buried in Worcester Cathedral. + +J. B. WHITBORNE. + + [Bishop Stillingfleet's library was purchased by Archbishop Marsh for + his public library in Dublin. A few years since Robert Travers, Esq., + M.D., of Dundrum near Dublin, was engaged in preparing for publication + a catalogue of Stillingfleet's printed books, amounting to near 10,000 + volumes. The bishop's MSS. were bought by the late Earl of Oxford, and + are now in the Harleian Collection. See _The Life of Bishop + Stillingfleet_, 8vo., 1735, p. 135., and _Biog. Brit._ s. v.] + +_The whole System of Law._--On December 26, 1651, the Long Parliament, +stimulated by Cromwell to various important reforms in civil matters, +resolved,-- + + "That it be referred to persons out of the House to take into + consideration what inconveniences there are in the law, and how the + mischiefs that grow from the delays, the chargeableness, and the + irregularities in the proceedings of the law, may be prevented; and the + speediest way to reform the same." + +The commission thus appointed consisted twenty-one persons, among whom were +Sir Mathew Hale, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and John Rushworth. They seem +to have set to work with great vigour, and submitted a variety of important +measures to Parliament, many of which were {390} adopted. They also +prepared a document "containing the whole system of the law," which was +read to the House on January 20 and 21, 1652; and it was resolved "That +three hundred copies of the said book be forthwith printed, to be delivered +to members of the Parliament only." + +Is anything known of this work at the present day? + +A LEGULEIAN. + + [It appears doubtful whether this work was ever printed, for in a + pamphlet published April 27, 1653, entitled _A Supply to a Draught of + an Act or System proposed (as is reported) by the Committee for + Regulations concerning the Law_, &c., the writer thus notices + it:--"Having _lately heard_ of some propositions called 'The System of + the Law,' which are said to be intended preparatives to several Acts of + Parliament touching the regulation of the law, we cannot but with + thankfulness acknowledge the care and industry of those worthy persons + who contrived the same, it containing many good and wholesome + provisions for the future perpetual good and quiet of the nation.... We + know not, at present, wherein we could give a more visible testimony of + our affections to the peaceable government of the free people here, + than by offering to them and the supreme authority, what we humbly + conceive prejudicial and inconvenient to well-government, in case that + System (_as it is said to be now prepared_) should take effect." A week + before the publication of this work, the Long Parliament had been + turned out of doors by Cromwell.] + +_Saint Malachy on the Popes._--Saint Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, who +flourished in the first half of the twelfth century, is said to be the +author of a curious prophecy respecting the Popes. Some years ago I met +with this prophecy in an old French almanack, and was particularly struck +with its applicability to the life and character of the present Pope; but I +omitted to make a Note. + +Can you inform me where I may find a copy of this prophecy? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + + [St. Malachy's hieroglyphical descriptions or prophecy on the + succession of Roman Pontiffs will be found in _Flosculi Historici + delibati nunc delibatiores redditi, sive Historia Universalis_; Auctore + Joanne de Bussieres, Societatis Jesu Sacerdote, Oxon. 1668. An + explanation of each prophecy is given from the pontificate of Celestus + II. A.D. 1143, to that of Innocent X. A.D. 1644. The present Pope being + the nineteenth from Innocent X., the following prophecy relates to him, + "Crux de Cruce." We subjoin the remainder: 20. Lumen in coelo. 21. + Ignis ardens. 22. Religio depopulata. 23. Fides intrepida. 24. Pastor + angelicus. 25. Pastor et nauta. 26. Flos Florum. 27. De medietate lunae. + 28. De labore solis. 29 Gloria Olivae. St. Malachy concludes his + prophecy with the following prediction of the downfall of the Roman + Church: "In persecutione extrema Sacrae Romanae Ecclesiae sedebit Petrus + Romanus, qui pascet oves in multis tribulationibus; quibus transactis + civitas septicollis diruetur, et Judex tremendus judicabit populum."] + +_Work on the Human Figure._--A few years ago there was a little work +published on _Dress and the Art of improving the Human Figure_, by (I +believe) a nobleman's valet: I wish to consult this for a literary purpose, +and should be much obliged to any of your readers who can favour me with +the exact title and date. + +CHARLES DEMAYNE. + + [The following two works on dress appear in the _London Catalogue:--The + Whole Art of Dress_, by a Country Officer, 12mo. Lond. 1830; and _The + Art of Dress, or a Guide to the Toilette_, fcp. 8vo., Lond. 1839.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +"NAMBY-PAMBY," AND OTHER WORDS OF THE SAME FORM. + +(Vol. viii., p. 318.) + +The origin of the word _namby-pamby_ is explained in the following passage +of Johnson's _Life of Ambrose Philips_: + + "The pieces that please best are those which from Pope and Pope's + adherents procured him the name of _namby-pamby_, the poems of short + lines, by which he paid his court to all ages and characters--from + Walpole, 'the steerer of the realm,' to Miss Pulteney in the nursery. + The numbers are smooth and sprightly, and the diction is seldom faulty. + They are not loaded with much thought, yet, if they had been written by + Addison, they would have had admirers. Little things are not valued but + when they are done by those who can do greater." + +In the _Treatise on the Bathos_, the _infantine_ style is exclusively +exemplified by passages from Ambrose Philips: + + "This [says Pope] is when a poet grows so very simple as to think and + talk like a child. I shall take my examples from the greatest master in + this way: hear how he fondles like a mere stammerer: + + 'Little charm of placid mien, + Miniature of Beauty's queen, + Hither, British Muse of mine, + Hither, all ye Grecian nine, + With the lovely Graces three, + And your pretty nursling see. + When the meadows next are seen, + Sweet enamel, white and green; + When again the lambkins play, + Pretty sportlings full of May, + Then the neck so white and round, + (Little neck with brilliants bound) + And thy gentleness of mind, + (Gentle from a gentle kind), &c. + Happy thrice, and thrice again, + Happiest he of happy men,' &c. + + And the rest of those excellent lullabies of his composition."--C. xi. + +These verses are stated by Warburton, in his note on the passage, to be +taken from a poem to {391} Miss Cuzzona. They are however in fact selected +from two poems addressed to daughters of Lord Carteret, and are put +together arbitrarily, out of the order in which they stand in the original +poems. There is a short poem by Philips in the same metre, addressed to +Signora Cuzzoni, and dated May 25, 1724, beginning, "Little syren of the +stage;" but none of the verses quoted in the _Treatise on the Bathos_ are +extracted from it. + +_Namby-pamby_ belongs to a tolerably numerous class of words in our +language, all formed on the same rhyming principle. They are all familiar, +and some of them childish; which last circumstance probably suggested to +Pope the invention of the word _namby-pamby_, in order to designate the +infantine style which Ambrose Philips had introduced. Many of them, +however, are used by old and approved writers; and the principle upon which +they are formed must be of great antiquity in our language. The following +is a collection of words which are all formed in this manner: + +_Bow-wow._--A word coined in imitation of a dog's bark. Compare the French +_aboyer_. + +_Chit-chat._--Formed by reduplication from _chat_. A word (says Johnson) +used in ludicrous conversation. It occurs in the _Spectator_ and _Tatler_. + +_Fiddle-faddle._--Formed in a similar manner from _to fiddle_, in its sense +of _to trifle_. It occurs in the _Spectator_. + +_Flim-flam._--An old word, of which examples are cited from Beaumont and +Fletcher, and Swift. It is formed from _flam_, which Johnson calls "a cant +word of no certain etymology." _Flam_, for a lie, a cheat, is however used +by South, Barrow, and Warburton, and therefore at one time obtained an +admission into dignified style. See Nares' _Glossary_ in v. + +_Hab or nab._--That is, according to Nares, have or have not; subsequently +abridged into _hab, nab_. _Hob or nob_ is explained by him to mean "Will +you have a glass of wine or not?" _Hob, nob_ is applied by Shakspeare to +another alternative, viz. give or take (_Twelfth Night_, Act III. Sc. 4.). +See Nares in v. _Habbe or Nabbe_. + +_Handy-dandy._--"A play in which children change hands and places" +(Johnson). Formed from hand. The word is used by Shakspeare. + +_Harum-scarum._--"A low but frequent expression applied to flighty persons; +persons always in a hurry" (Todd). Various conjectures are offered +respecting its origin: the most probable seems to be, that it is derived +from _scare_. The Anglo-Saxon word _hearmsceare_ means punishment (see +Grimm, _Deutsche Rechtsalterthuemer_, p. 681.); but although the similarity +of sound is remarkable, it is difficult to understand how _harum-scarum_ +can be connected with it. + +_Helter-skelter._--Used by Shakspeare. Several derivations for this word +are suggested, but none probable. + +_Higgledy-piggledy._--"A cant word, corrupted from _higgle_, which denotes +any confused mass, as _higglers_ carry a huddle of provisions together" +(Johnson). It seems more probable that the word is formed from _pig_; and +that it alludes to the confused and indiscriminate manner in which pigs lie +together. In other instances (as _chit-chat_, _flim-flam_, _pit-a-pat_, +_shilly-shally_, _slip-slop_, and perhaps _harum-scarum_), the word which +forms the basis of the rhyming reduplication stands second, and not first. + +_Hocus-pocus._--The words _ocus bochus_ appear, from a passage cited in +Todd, to have been used anciently by Italian conjurers. The fanciful idea +of Tillotson, that _hocus-pocus_ is a corruption of the words _hoc est +corpus_, is well known. Compare Richardson _in v._ + +_Hoddy-doddy._--This ancient word has various meanings (see Richardson _in +v._). As used by Ben Jonson and Swift, it is expressive of contempt. In +Holland's translation of Pliny it signifies a snail. There is likewise a +nursery rhyme or riddle: + + "Hoddy-doddy, + All legs and no body." + +_Hodge-podge_ appears to be a corruption of _hotch-pot_. It occurs in old +writers. (See Richardson in _Hotch-pot_.) + +_Hoity-toity._--Thoughtless, giddy. Formed from the old word _to hoit_, to +dance or leap, to indulge in riotous mirth. See Nares in _Hoit_ and _Hoyt_. + +_Hubble-bubble._--A familiar word, formed from _bubble_. Not in the +dictionaries. + +_Hubbub._--Used by Spenser, and other good writers. Richardson derives it +from _hoop_ or _whoop_, shout or yell. It seems rather a word formed in +imitation of the confused inarticulate noise produced by the mixture of +numerous voices, like _mur-mur_ in Latin. + +_Hugger-mugger._--Used by Spenser, Shakspeare, and other old writers. The +etymology is uncertain. Compare Jamieson in _Hudge-mudge_. The latter part +of the word seems to be allied with _smuggle_, and the former part to be +the reduplication. The original and proper sense of hugger-mugger is +secretly. See Nares _in v._, who derives it from _to hugger_, to lurk +about; but query whether such a word can be shown to have existed? + +_Humpty-dumpty._--Formed from _hump_. This word occurs in the nursery +rhyme: + + "_Humpty-dumpty_ sat on a wall, + _Humpty-dumpty_ had a great fall," &c. + +_Hurdy-gurdy._--The origin of this word, which is quoted from no writer +earlier than Foote, has not been explained. See Todd _in v._ + +_Hurly-burly._--This old word occurs in the well-known verses in the +opening scene of _Macbeth_-- + + "When the _hurly burly's_ done, + When the battle's lost and won"-- + +{392} where see the notes of the commentators for other instances of it. +There are rival etymologies for this word, but all uncertain. The French +has _hurlu-burlu_. Nares in _Hurly_. + +_Hurry-scurry._--This word, formed from _hurry_, is used by Gray in his +_Long Story_. + +_Nick-nack._--A small ornament. Not in the dictionaries. + +_Pic-nic._--For the derivation of this word, which seems to be of French +origin, see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 240. 387. + +_Pit-pat, or Pit-a-pat._--A word formed from _pat_, and particularly +applied to the pulsations of the heart, when accelerated by emotion. Used +by Ben Jonson and Dryden. Congreve writes it _a-pit-pat_. + +_Riff-raff._--The refuse of anything, "Il ne lui lairra rif ny raf." +Cotgrave in _Rif_, where _rif_ is said to mean nothing. + +_Rolly-pooly._--"A sort of game" (Johnson). It is now used as the name of a +pudding rolled with sweetmeat. + +_Rowdy-dowdy, and Rub-a-dub._--Words formed in imitation of the beat of a +drum. + +_Shilly-shally._--Used by Congreve, and formerly written "shill I, shall +I." + +_Slip-slop._--"Bad liquor. A low word, formed by reduplication of _slop_" +(Johnson). Now generally applied to errors in pronunciation, arising from +ignorance and carelessness, like those of Mrs. Malaprop in _The Rivals_. + +_Tip-top._--Formed from _top_, like _slip-slop_ from _slop_. + +_Tirra-lirra._--Used by Shakspeare: + + "The lark that _tirra lirra_ chants."--_Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 2. + +From the French, see Nares _in v._ + +The preceding collection is intended merely to illustrate the principle +upon which this class of words are formed, and does not aim at +completeness. Some of your correspondents will doubtless, if they are +disposed, be able to supply other examples of the same mode of formation. + +L. + + * * * * * + +EARL OF OXFORD. + +(Vol. viii., p. 292.) + +S. N. will find the Earl's answer in a volume, not very common now, +entitled _A Compleat and Impartial History of the Impeachments of the Last +Ministry_, London, 8vo., 1716. The charge respecting the creation of twelve +peers in one day formed the 16th article of the impeachment. I inclose a +copy of the answer, if not too long for your pages. + +G. + + "In answer to the 16th article, the said Earl doth insist, that by the + laws and constitution of this realm, it is the undoubted right and + prerogative of the Sovereign, who is the fountain of honor, to create + peers of this realm, as well in time of Parliament as when there is no + Parliament sitting or in being; and that the exercise of this branch of + the prerogative is declared in the form or preamble of all patents of + honor, to proceed _ex mero motu_, as an act of mere grace and favor, + and that such acts are not done as many other acts of public nature + are, by and with the advice of the Privy Council; or as acts of pardon + usually run, upon a favorable representation of several circumstances, + or upon reports from the Attorney-General or other officers, that such + acts are lawful or expedient, or for the safety or advantage of the + Crown; but flows entirely from the beneficent and gracious disposition + of the Sovereign. He farther says, that neither the warrants for + patents of honor, the bills or other engrossments of such patents, are + at any time communicated to the council or the treasury, as several + other patents are; and therefore the said Earl, either as High + Treasurer or Privy Councillor, could not have any knowledge of the + same: Nevertheless, if her late sacred Majesty had thought fit to + acquaint him with her most gracious intentions of creating any number + of peers of this realm, and had asked his opinion, whether the persons + whom she then intended to create were persons proper to have been + promoted to that dignity, he does believe he should have highly + approved her Majesty's choice; and does not apprehend that in so doing + he had been guilty of any breach of his duty, or violation of the trust + in him reposed; since they were all persons of honor and distinguished + merit, and the peerage thereby was not greatly increased, considering + some of those created would have been peers by descent, and many noble + families were then lately extinct: And the said Earl believes many + instances may be given where this prerogative hath been exercised by + former princes of this realm, in as extensive a manner; and + particularly in the reigns of King Henry the Eighth, King James the + First, and his late Majesty King William. The said Earl begs leave to + add, that in the whole course of his life he hath always loved the + established constitution, and in his private capacity as well as in all + public stations, when he had the honor to be employed, has ever done + his utmost to preserve it, and shall always continue so to do." + + * * * * * + +PICTS' HOUSES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 264.) + +The mention there made of the recent discovery of one of these subterranean +vaults or passages in Aberdeenshire, induces me to ask a question in regard +to two subterranean passages which have lately been discovered in +Berwickshire, and which so far differ from all others that I have heard or +read of, that whereas all of them seem to have been built at the sides with +large flat stones, and roofed with similar ones, and then covered with +earth, those which I am about to mention are both hewn out of the solid +rock. They are both situated in the Lammermoor range of hills. Those +persons who have seen them are at a loss to know for what {393} purpose +they could have been excavated, unless for the purpose of sepulture in the +times of the aborigines, or of very early inhabitants of Britain, as they +in many respects resemble those stone graves which are mentioned in +Worsaae's _Description of the Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark_, translated +and applied to the illustration of similar remains in England by Mr. Thoms. + +One of these cavities is situated on a remote pasture farm, among the hills +belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale, called Braidshawrigg; and was +discovered by a shepherd very near his own house, within less than a +quarter of a mile up a small stream which runs past it, and on the opposite +side of the water, a few yards up the steep hill. The shepherd had observed +for some time that one of his dogs was in the habit of going into what he +supposed to be a rabbit hole at this place, and when he was missing and +called, he generally came out of this hole. At last, curiosity led his +master to take a spade and dig into it; and he soon found that, after +digging down into the soil to the rock, the cavity became larger, and had +evidently been the work of human hands. Information was given to Lord +Lauderdale, and the rubbish was cleared away. It (the rubbish) did not +extend far in, and after that the passage was clear. The excavation +consists of a passage cut nearly north and south (the entrance being to the +south) through various strata of solid rocks, partly grauwacke, (or what is +there called _whinstone_), and partly grey slate: the strata lying east and +west, and nearly vertical. The whole length of it is seventy-four feet. +From the entrance the passage, for four or five yards, slopes downwards +into the hill; it then runs horizontally the length of sixty-three feet +from the entrance, when it changes its direction at right angles to the +westward for a distance of eleven feet; when it ends with the solid rock. +It is regularly from three feet four inches to three feet six inches wide, +and about seven feet high, the ceiling being somewhat circular. The floor +is the rock cut square. The time and labour must have been great to cut +this passage, as not more than one man could conveniently quarry the rock +at the same time. It might have been supposed that this was a level to a +mine, as copper has been worked in this range farther eastward; but the +passage does not follow any vein, but cuts across all the strata, and keeps +a straight line, till it turns westward, and then in another straight line; +and the floors, sides, and roof are all made quite regular and even with a +pickaxe or a hammer. There does not appear to have been at any time any +other habitation than the shepherd's house, and another cottage a little +lower down the stream, in the neighbourhood. The discovery of this cavern +recalled to the recollection of myself, and some of my family, that a few +years ago, in cutting a road through the rock into a whinstone quarry, +about four miles south of Braidshawrigg, near a mill, we had cut across the +east end of a passage somewhat similar to the one before mentioned, but +running east and west; that we had cleared it out for a short way, but as +it then went under a corner of one of the houses belonging to the mill, we +stopped, for fear of bringing down the building, as this passage, though +cut out of the solid rock, was not a mine, but had been worked to the +surface; and, if it ever had been used for purposes of sepulture, must have +been roofed with flagstones, and then covered with earth like other Picts' +houses. But these roof-stones must have been carried away, and the whole +trench was filled with rubbish, and all trace of it on the surface was +obliterated. This passage we have lately opened, and cleared out. To the +westward it passes into the adjoining water-mill, which is itself in great +part formed by excavation of the rock; and the east wall of the upper part +of the mill is arched over the passage. Beyond the west wall of the mill +which adjoins the stream, there is a continuation of the trench through the +rock down to the water, which serves to take away that which passes over +the millwheel at right angles to where the rock has been cut away to make +room for the millwheel itself. That which has been cut away in making the +trench, is a seam of clay slate about three feet six inches in breadth, +between two solid whinstone rocks. The length of the passage, from the east +end, which terminated in rock, to the mill, is sixty-three feet. The mill +is thirty feet, and the cut beyond it twelve feet: in all, one hundred and +five feet. The average depth is about twelve feet; but as it slopes down to +the stream, some of it is sixteen feet deep. It has been suggested that it +might have been dug out in order to obtain the coarse slate; but the +difficulty of working a confined seam like this, in any other way than by +picking it out piecemeal with immense labour, seems impossible. It can +never have been meant to convey water to the mill, as the highest part +begins in the solid rock, and the object must always have been to keep the +water on the highest possible level, until it reached the top of the +millwheel. Nothing was found in either of these excavations.--After this +long discussion, Query, What can have been the purpose for which these +laborious works can have been executed? + +J. S. S. + + * * * * * + +PRONUNCIATION OF "HUMBLE." + +(Vol. viii., pp. 229. 298.) + +It is my misfortune entirely to differ from MR. DAWSON (p. 229.) and MR. +CROSSLEY (p. 298.) as to the pronunciation of _humble_; and permit me to +say (with all courtesy) that I was unfeignedly surprised at the latter's +assertion, that sounding {394} the _h_ is "a recent attempt to introduce a +mispronunciation," as I have known that mode of pronunciation all but +universally prevalent for nearly the last forty years; and I have had +pretty good opportunities for observing what the general usage in that +respect was, as I was for some years at a very large public school, then at +Oxford for more than the usual time, and have since resided in London more +than twenty-five years, practising as a barrister in Westminster Hall, and +on one of the largest circuits. If, therefore, I have not had ample means +of judging as to the pronunciation of _humble_, I know not where the means +are to be found; especially as I doubt whether _humble_ and _humbly_ are +anywhere so frequently used as in courts: a counsel rarely making a speech +without "_humbly_ submitting" or making a "_humble_ application." Now the +result of my experience is, that the _h_ is almost universally sounded; and +at this moment I cannot call to mind a single gentleman who omits it, who +does not also omit it in many other instances where no doubt can exist that +it ought to be sounded. + +MR. DAWSON believes the sounding the _h_ to be "one of those, either +Oxford, or Cambridge, or both, peculiarities of which no reasonable +explanation can be given." Now I believe MR. DAWSON is right in supposing +that that usage is general both at Oxford and Cambridge, and I rather think +that not only an explanation of the fact may be given, but that the fact +itself, that in both the Universities the _h_ is sounded, is extremely +cogent evidence that it is correct. It cannot be doubted that the fact that +a word is spelled with certain letters is clear proof that, at the time +when that spelling was adopted, the word was so sounded as to give a +distinct sound to each of the letters used, and that clearly must have been +the case with words beginning with _h_ especially. When, therefore, the +present spelling of _humble_ was adopted, the _h_ was sounded. Now, whilst +I freely admit that the utterance of any word may be changed--"Si volet +usus, quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi"--still it cannot +be questioned that the usage must be so general, clear, and distinct among +the better educated classes (where-ever they may have received their +education) as to leave no reasonable doubt about the matter; and that it +lies on those who assert that such a change has taken place, to show such a +usage as I have mentioned. And when the number of the members of the +Universities is considered, and their position as men of education, it must +at least admit of doubt whether, if a general usage prevailed among them to +pronounce a particular word in the manner in which it originally was +pronounced, this would not alone prevent a different pronunciation among +others from having that general prevalence, which would be sufficient to +justify a change in the utterance of such word. + +But let us consider whether the usage of the Universities is not very +cogent evidence that the _h_ is generally sounded throughout England, 1. +Each University contains a large number of the higher and better educated +classes. 2. The members come from all parts of England indiscriminately. 3. +Infinitely the majority come from schools; and some of the large schools +have generally many members at each University. By such persons the +pronunciation of the schools cannot fail to be represented. 4. Every one on +entering the University is expected at least to know his own language. 5. +There is no instruction, as far as I know (however much the fact may be to +be regretted), ever given in English at either University. 6. There is a +perpetual change of about a third of the members every year, few remaining +above three years. Now can any one, who candidly considers these facts, +doubt that a usage in pronouncing a particular word at _either_ University +if generally prevalent, is very strong evidence that the same usage is +generally prevalent throughout England; but if any one does entertain such +a doubt, surely it must be done away, when he finds that the same usage +prevails at _both_ Universities; though there exists such a degree of +rivalry between them as would prevent the one from adopting from the other +any usage which was liable to any the least doubt, and though there is no +communication between them that could account for the same usage prevailing +in both. + +MR. CROSSLEY appeals to the Prayer Book as a decisive authority, and +instances "an _humble_," &c. If any one will examine the Prayer Book, he +will find that it is no authority at all; as "an" is at least as often used +erroneously before _h_ as not. In reading over the first sixty-eight +Psalms, I found the following instances--Ps. xxvii. 3. and Ps. xxxiii. 15., +"An host of men;" Ps. xlvii. 4. and Ps. lxi. 5., "An heritage;" Ps. xlix. +18., "An happy man," Ps. lv. 5., "An horrible dread;" Ps. lxviii. 15., "An +high hill." And in the same Psalms I only found _one_ instance of _a_ +before _h_, viz. in Ps. xxxiii. 16., "A horse;" and in this case the Bible +version has "An horse." In the first Lesson for the 19th Sunday after +Trinity, Dan. iii. 4., "An herald," and 27., "An hair of their head," +occur; and in the next chapter (iv. 13.), "An holy one." It is plain from +these instances (and doubtless many others may be found), that the use of +"an" before _h_, in the Bible or Prayer Book, can afford no test whatever +whether the _h_ ought to be sounded or not. + +S. G. C. + +After the sensible Note of your correspondent E. H., it is perhaps hardly +necessary to say more on the subject of aspirated and mute _h_. If these +remarks, therefore, seem superfluous, they may easily be suppressed, and +that too without any offence to the writer. {395} + +It is very dangerous to dogmatise on the English language. We really have +no authority to which we can confidently appeal, except the usage of good +society: "Quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi." +Unfortunately, however, every man is convinced, that in _his own_ society +that usage is to be found; and your correspondents, who have agreed in +approving the _Heapian_ pronunciation, will probably, on that ground, still +retain the same opinion. + +The only words in the English language, in which _h_ is written, but not +pronounced, are words derived from Latin through the French; but of these, +many in English retain the aspirate, though in French nearly all lose it. +The exceptions collected by E. H. satisfactorily prove that we do not +follow the French rule implicitly. They indeed carry the non-aspiration +farther than to words of Latin derivation. They omit the aspirate to nearly +all words derived from Greek. This we never do. I think that E. H.'s rule, +of always aspirating _h_ before _u_, is not entirely without exceptions. +Except in Ireland, I never heard _humour_ or _humorous_ aspirated, though +in _humid_ and _humect_ the _h_ is always sounded. If this be right, it +depends solely on the usage of good society, and not on rules laid down by +Walker or Lindley Murray, whose authority we do _not_ acknowledge as +infallible. I may here remark, that no arguments can be drawn from our +Liturgy or translation of the Bible that would not prove too much. If, +because we find in our Liturgy "an _humble_, lowly, and obedient heart," we +are to read "an _'umble_," we must also read "an 'undred, an 'ouse, an +'eap, an 'eart;" for _an_ was prefixed in our Liturgy as well as in our +translated Bible to _every_ word beginning with _h_, and not (as one of +your correspondents supposes) only to words beginning with silent _h_. +Among young clergymen there is a growing habit (derived I suppose from +Walker, or other such sources) of indulging in the _Heapian_ dialect. I +think Mr. Dickens will have done us more good by his ridicule, than will +ever be effected by serious arguments; and I feel as much obliged to him as +to E. H. To show how dangerous it is to be bound by a mere grammarian +authority, a disciple of Vaugelas or Restaut (no insignificant names in +French philology) would be led to read _les heros_ as if it were "les +zeros." + +E. C. H. + + * * * * * + +SCHOOL LIBRARIES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 220.) + +I can answer MR. WELD TAYLOR for at least one public school having no +library, nor any books for other purposes than tasks, _i.e._ Christ's +Hospital, London: whether any other metropolitan schools are provided with +books I do not know. When I was at the above school, at all events, we had +no books except for learning out of; whether reform has crept in since I +was there, twenty-five years ago, I cannot say. I speak of then, not now. + +I remember very well a dusty cupboard with "Read, Mark, Learn," painted in +ostentatious letters on it. And these profound words were just like a park +gate with high iron railings, where you may peep in and get no farther--no +more could we: for we never saw the inside of it, and nobody could say +where the key was, therefore what flowery _pleasaunce_ of knowledge it +contained nobody perhaps knows to this day. I also remember how greedily +any entertaining book was borrowed, begged, and circulated; and thumbed and +dog's-eared to admiration. _Rasselas_ and _Gulliver's Travels_, _Robinson +Crusoe_, or _Sandford and Merton_, poor things! they became at last what +might be supposed a public arsenal of umbrellas would at the last. + +When I reflect on that time, and the dreary winter's evenings, trundled to +bed almost by daylight, my very heart sinks. What a luxury if some +Christian had been allowed to read aloud for an hour, instead of lying +awake studying the ghastly lamp that swung from the ceiling in the +dormitory; or if some one with a modicum of information had given half an +hour's lecture on some entertaining branch of science. Perhaps these +antique schools are reformed in some measure, or perhaps they are waiting +till their betters are. + +I observe, however, that certain parish work-house schools have, within +these few days, taken the hint. Perhaps our public schools, for some are +very wealthy, may be able to afford to follow their example. + +E. H. + +Wimborne Minster, Dorset. + +Marlborough College possesses a library of about four thousand volumes, +entirely the munificent contribution of Mr. M^cGeachy, one of the council. +The boys of the fifth and sixth forms are allowed access daily at certain +fixed hours, the librarian being present. In addition to this, libraries +are now being formed in each house, which are maintained by small +half-yearly subscriptions, and which will contain books of a more amusing +character, and better suited for the younger boys. + +B. J. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Albumenized Paper._--If this subject be not already exhausted, the +following account of my method of preparing the material in question, which +differs in some few important particulars from any I have seen published, +may be of interest to some of my brother operators. {396} + +I have, after a very considerable number of experiments, succeeded in +producing the _very highly_ varnished appearance so conspicuous in some of +the foreign proofs; and although I cannot say I admire it in general, more +especially as regards landscapes, yet it is sometimes very effective for +portraits, giving a depth of tone to the shadows, and a roundness to the +flesh, which is very striking. Moreover, a photographer may just as well be +acquainted with every kind of manipulation connected with the art. + +Having but a very moderate amount of spare time, and that at uncertain +intervals, to devote to this seductive pursuit, I am always a great +stickler for _economy of time_ in all the processes, as well as for economy +of material, the former with me having, perhaps, a shade more influence +than the latter. + +As in all other processes, I find that the _kind of paper_ made use of has +a most important bearing upon the result. That which I find the best is of +French manufacture, known as Canson Freres' (both the thin and the thick +sorts), probably in consequence of their being sized with starch. The thin +sort (the same as is generally used for waxed-paper negatives) takes the +highest polish, but more readily embrowns after being rendered sensitive, +and the lights are not ever quite so white as when the positive paper is +used. + +In order to save both time and labour, I prepare my papers in the _largest_ +sizes that circumstances will admit of, as it takes little or no more time +to prepare and render sensitive a large sheet than a small one; and as I +always apply the silver solution by means of the glass rod, I find that a +half-sheet of Canson's paper (being seventeen inches by eleven inches the +half-sheet) is the best size to operate on. If the whole sheet is used, it +requires _more_ than double the quantity of solution to ensure its being +properly covered, which additional quantity is simply so much waste. + +A most convenient holder for the paper whilst being operated upon, is one +suggested by Mr. Horne of Newgate Street, and consists of a piece of +half-inch Quebec yellow pine plank (a soft kind of deal), eleven inches by +seventeen inches, screwed to a somewhat larger piece of the same kind, but +with the grain of the wood at right angles to the upper piece, in order to +preserve a perfectly flat surface. On to the upper piece is glued a +covering of japanned-flannel, such as is used for covering tables, taking +care to select for the purpose that which has no raised pattern, the +imitation of rosewood or mahogany being unexceptionable on that account. +The paper can be readily secured to the arrangement alluded to by means of +a couple of pins, one at each of two opposite angles, the wood being +sufficiently soft to admit of their ready penetration. + +_To prepare the Albumen._--Take the white of _one_ egg; this dissolve in +one ounce of distilled water, two grains of chloride of sodium (common +salt), and two grains of _grape_ sugar; mix with the egg, whip the whole to +froth, and allow it to stand until it again liquefies. The object of this +operation is to thoroughly incorporate the ingredients, and render the +whole as homogeneous as possible. + +A variety in the resulting tone is produced by using ten grains of sugar of +milk instead of the grape sugar. + +The albumen mixture is then laid on to the paper by means of a flat +camel's-hair brush, about three inches broad, the mixture being first +poured into a cheese plate, or other flat vessel, and all froth and bubbles +carefully removed from the surface. Four longitudinal strokes with such a +brush, if properly done, will cover the whole half-sheet of paper with an +even thin film; but in case there are any lines formed, the brush may be +passed very lightly over it again in a direction at right angles to the +preceding. The papers should then be allowed to remain on a perfectly level +surface until nearly dry, when they may be suspended for a few minutes +before the fire, to complete the operation. In this condition the glass is +but moderate, and as is generally used; but if, after the first drying +before the fire, the papers are again subjected to precisely the same +process, the negative paper will shine like polished glass. That is coated +again with the albumenizing mixture, and dried as before. + +One egg, with the ounce of water, &c., is enough to cover five half-sheets +with two layers, or five whole sheets with one. + +I rarely iron my papers, as I do not find any advantage therein, because +the moment the silver solution is applied the albumen becomes coagulated, +and I cannot discover the slightest difference in the final result, except +that when the papers are ironed I sometimes find flaws and spots occur from +some carelessness in the ironing process. + +If the albumenized paper is intended to be kept for any _long_ time before +use, the ironing may be useful as a protection against moisture, provided +the _iron be sufficiently hot_; but the temperature ought to be +considerable. + +To render the paper sensitive, I use a hundred-grain solution of nitrate of +silver, of which forty-five minims will exactly cover the sheet of +seventeen inches by eleven inches, if laid on with the glass rod. A weaker +solution will do, but with the above splendid tints may be produced. As to +the ammonio-nitrate of silver, I have totally abandoned its use, and, after +many careful experiments, I am satisfied that its extra sensitiveness is a +delusion, while the rapid tendency of paper prepared with it to spoil is +increased tenfold. + +The fixing, of course, modifies considerably the tone of the proof, but +almost any desired shade {397} may be attained by following the plan of MR. +F. M. LYTE, published in "N. & Q.," provided the negative is sufficiently +intense to admit of a considerable degree of over-printing. + +It is a fact which appears to be entirely overlooked by many operators, +that the _intensity_ of the negative is the chief agent in conducing to +black tones in the positive proof; and it is almost impossible to produce +them if the negative is poor and weak: and the same observation applies to +a negative that has been _over_-exposed. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Cement for Glass Baths._--The best I have tried is Canada balsam. My baths +I have had in use five years, and have used them for exciting, developing +hypo. and cyanide, and are as good as when first used. + +NOXID. + +_New Process for Positive Proofs._--I have tried a method of preparing my +paper for positive proofs, which, as I have not seen it mentioned as +employed by others, and the results appear to me very satisfactory, I am +induced to communicate to you, and to accompany by some specimens, which +will enable you to judge of the amount of success. + +I use a glass cylinder, with air-pump attached, such as that described by +MR. STEWART as employed by him for iodizing his paper. I put in this the +salt solution, and that I use is thus composed: 2 drachms of sugar of milk, +dissolved in 20 ounces of water, adding-- + + Chloride of barium 15 grs. + Chloride of sodium 15 grs. + Chloride of ammonium 15 grs. + +In this I plunge several sheets of paper rolled into a coil (taking care +that they are covered by the solution), and exhaust the air. I leave them +thus for a few minutes, then take them out and hang them up to dry; or as +the sheets are rather difficult to pin, from the paper giving way, spread +them on a frame, across which any common kind of coarse muslin or tarletan, +such as that I inclose, is stretched. + +I excite with ammonio-nitrate of silver, 30 grains to 1 ounce of water, +applied with a flat brush. + +I fix in a bath of plain hypo. of the strength of one-sixth. The bath in +which the inclosed specimens were fixed has been in use for some little +time, and therefore has acquired chloride of silver. + +I previously prepared my paper by _brushing_ it with the same salt +solution, and the difference of effect produced may be seen by comparing a +proof so obtained, which I inclose, with the others. This latter is of +rather a reddish-brown, and not very agreeable tint. I have inclosed the +proofs as printed on paper of Whatman, Turner, and Canson Freres, so as to +show the effect in each case. The advantages which the mode I have detailed +possesses are, I think, these: + +Greater sensitiveness in the paper, + +A good black tint, and + +Greater freedom from spots and blemishes, all very material merits. + +C. E. F. + + [Our Correspondent has forwarded five specimens, four of which are + certainly very satisfactory, the fifth is the one prepared by + brushing.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_The Groaning Elm-plank in Dublin_ (Vol. viii., p. 309.).--DR. RIMBAULT has +given an account of the groaning-board, one of the popular delusions of two +centuries ago: the following notice of it, extracted from my memoir of Sir +Thomas Molyneux, Bart., M.D., and published in the _Dublin University_ for +September, 1841, may interest your readers: + + "In one of William Molyneux's communications he mentions the exhibition + of 'the groaning elm-plank' in Dublin, a curiosity that attracted much + attention and many learned speculations about the years 1682 and 1683. + He was, however, too much of a philosopher to be gulled with the rest + of the people who witnessed this so-called 'sensible elm-plank,' which + is said to have groaned and trembled on the application of a hot iron + to one end of it. After explaining the probable cause of the noise and + tremulousness by its form and condition, and by the sap being made to + pass up through the pores or tubuli of the plank which was in some + particular condition, he says: 'But, Tom, the generality of mankind is + lazy and unthoughtful, and will not trouble themselves to think of the + reason of a thing: when they have a brief way of explaining anything + that is strange by saying, "The devil's in it," what need they trouble + their heads about pores, and matters, and motion, figure, and + disposition, when the devil and a witch shall solve the phenomena of + nature.'" + +W. R. WILDE. + +_Passage in Whiston_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--J. T. complains of not being +able to find a passage in Whiston, which he says is referred to in p. 94. +of _Taylor on Original Sin_, Lond. 1746. I do not know what Taylor he +refers to. Jeremy Taylor wrote a treatise on original sin; but he lived +before Whiston. I have looked into two editions of the _Scripture Doctrine +of Original Sin_, by John Taylor, one of Lond. 1741, and another of Lond. +1750; but in neither of these can I find any mention of Mr. Whiston. + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + +"_When Orpheus went down_" (Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).--In addition to the +information given upon this old song by MR. OLDENSHAW, I beg to add the +following. It was written for and sung {398} by Mr. Beard, in a pantomimic +entertainment entitled _Orpheus and Euridice_, acted at the theatre in +Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1740. The author of the entertainment was Mr. Henry +Sommer, but the song in question was "translated from the Spanish" by the +Rev. Dr. Samuel Lisle, who died Rector of Burclere, Hants, 1767. It was +long very popular, and is found in almost all the song-books of the latter +half of the last century. Mr. Park, the editor of the last edition of +Ritson's _English Songs_ (vol. ii. p. 153.), has the following note upon +this song: + + "An answer to this has been written in the way of echo, and in defence + of the fair sex, whom the Spanish author treated with such libellous + sarcasm." + +As this "echo song" is not given by Ritson or his editor, I have +transcribed it from a broadside in my collection. It is said to have been +written by a lady. + + "When Orpheus went down to the regions below, + To bring back the wife that he lov'd, + Old Pluto, confounded, as histories show, + To find that his music so mov'd: + That a woman so good, so virtuous, and fair, + Should be by a man thus trepann'd, + To give up her freedom for sorrow and care, + He own'd she deserv'd to be damn'd. + + "For punishment he never study'd a whit, + The torments of hell had not pain + Sufficient to curse her; so Pluto thought fit + Her husband should have her again. + But soon he compassion'd the woman's hard fate, + And, knowing of mankind so well, + He recall'd her again, before 'twas too late, + And said, she'd be happier in hell." + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Foreign Medical Education_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--Your correspondent +MEDICUS will find some information respecting _some_ of the foreign +universities in the _Lancet_ for 1849, and the _Medical Times and Gazette_ +for 1852. For France he will find all he wants in Dr. Roubaud's _Annuaire +Medical et Pharmaceutique de la France_, published by Bailliere, 219. +Regent Street. + +M. D. + +"_Short red, good red_" (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--Sir Walter has probably +borrowed this saying from the story of Bishop Walchere, when he related the +murder of Adam, Bishop of Caithness. This tragical event is told in the +_Chronicle of Mailros_, under the year 1222; also in _Forduni +Scotichronicon_, and in Wyntoun's _Chronicle_, book vii. c. ix.; but the +words "short red, good red," do not appear in these accounts of the +transaction. + +J. MN. + +_Collar of SS._ (Vols. iv.-vii. _passim_).--At the risk of frightening you +and your correspondents, I venture to resume this subject, in consequence +of a circumstance to which my attention has just been directed. + +In the parish church of Swarkestone in Derbyshire there is a monument to +Richard Harpur, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign +of Elizabeth; on which he is represented in full judicial costume, with the +collar of SS., which I am told by the minister of the parish is "distinctly +delineated." It may be seen in Fairholt's _Costumes of England_, p. 278. + +As far as I am aware, this is the only instance, either on monuments or in +portraits, of a _puisne_ judge being ornamented with this decoration. Can +any of your correspondents produce another example? or can they account, +from any other cause, for Richard Harpur receiving such a distinction? or +may I not rather attribute it to the blunder of the sculptor? + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Who first thought of Table-turning_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--It is +impossible to say who discovered the table-turning experiment, but it +undoubtedly had its origin in the United States. It was practised here +three years ago, and, although sometimes associated with spirit-rappings, +has more frequently served for amusement. On this connexion it may be +proper to say that Professor Faraday's theory of unconscious muscular force +meets with no concurrence among those who know anything about the subject +in this country. It is notorious that large tables have been moved +frequently by five or six persons, whose fingers merely touched them, +although upon each was seated a stout man, weighing a hundred and fifty or +sixty pounds: neither involuntary nor voluntary muscular force could have +effected _that_ physical movement, when there was no other _purchase_ on +the table than that which could be gained by a pressure of the tips of the +fingers. + +[Old English W]. + +Philadelphia. + +_Passage of Thucydides on the Greek Factions_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.; Vol. +viii., pp. 44. 137.).--My attempt to find the passage attributed by Sir A. +Alison to Thucydides in the real Thucydides was unsuccessful for the best +of reasons, viz. that it does not exist there. He has probably borrowed it +from some modern author, who, as it appears to me, has given a loose +paraphrase of the words which I cited from _Thucyd._ III. 82., and has +expanded the thought in a manner not uncommon with some writers, by adding +the expression about the "sword and poniard." Some other misquotations of +Sir A. Alison from the classical writers may be seen in the _Edinburgh +Review_ for April last, No. CXCVIII. p. 275. + +L. + +_Origin of "Clipper" as applied to Vessels_ (Vol. viii., p. 100.).--For +many years the fleetest sailing vessels built in the United States were +{399} constructed at Baltimore. They were very sharp, long, low; and their +masts were inclined at a much greater angle than usual with those in other +vessels. Fast sailing pilot boats and schooners were thus rigged; and in +the last war with England, privateers of the Baltimore build were +universally famed for their swiftness and superior sailing qualities. "A +Baltimore clipper" became the expression among shipbuilders for a vessel of +peculiar make; in the construction of which, fleetness was considered of +more importance than a carrying capacity. When the attention of naval +architects was directed to the construction of swift sailing ships, they +were compelled to adopt the clipper shape. Hence the title "Clipper Ship," +which has now extended from America to England. + +[Old English W]. + +Philadelphia. + +_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--In the third edition of _In +Memoriam_, LXXXIX., 1850, the last line mentioned by W. T. M. is "Flits by +the sea-blue bird of March," instead of "blue sea-bird." This reading +appears to be a better one. I would suggest that the bird meant by Tennyson +was the Tom-tit, who, from his restlessness, may be said to flit among the +bushes. + +F. M. MIDDLETON. + +_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--This work of the +learned Bishop of Avranches was written in Latin, and translated into +French by J. B. Desrockes de Parthenay. It forms part of the second volume +of a collection of treatises edited by Bruzen de la Martiniere, under the +title of _Traites Geographiques et Historiques pour faciliter +l'intelligence de l'Ecriture Sainte, par divers auteurs celebres_, 1730, 2 +vols. 12mo. + +I am unable to reply to EDINA's second Query, as to the result of Huet's +assertions. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Sincere_ (Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328.).--The derivation of this word from +_sine cera_ appears very fanciful. If this were the correct derivation, we +should expect to find _sinecere_, for the _e_ would scarcely be dropped; +just as we have the English word _sinecure_, which is the only compound of +the preposition _sine_ I know; and is itself _not a Latin word_, but of a +later coinage. Some give as the derivation _semel_ and [Greek: kerao]--that +is, once mixed, without adulteration; the [Greek: e] being lengthened, as +the Greek [Greek: akeratos]. The proper spelling would then be _simcerus_, +and euphonically _sincerus_: thus we have _sim-plex_, which does not mean +without a fold, but (_semel plico_, [Greek: pleko]) once folded. So also +_singulus_, semel and termination. The proper meaning may be from tablets, +_ceratae tabellae_, which were "once smeared with wax" and then written upon; +they were then _sincerae_, without forgery or deception. If they were in +certain places covered with wax again, for the purpose of adding something +secretly and deceptively, they cease to be _sincerae_. + +J. T. JEFFCOCK. + +[Pi]. [Beta]. asks me for some authority for the alleged practice of Roman +potters (or crock-vendors) to rub wax into the flaws of their unsound +vessels. This was the very burden of my Query! I am no proficient in the +Latin classics: yet I think I know enough to predicate that [Pi]. [Beta]. +is wrong in his version of the line-- + + "Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis acescit." + +I understand this line as referring to the notorious fact, that some +liquors turn sour if the air gets to them from without. "Sincerum vas" is a +sound or air-tight vessel. In another place (_Sat._, lib. i. 3.), Horace +employs the same figure, where he says that we "call evil good, and good +evil," figuring the sentiment thus: + + "At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque + Sincerum cupimus vas _incrustare_"-- + +meaning, of course, that we bring the vessel into suspicion, by treating it +as if it were flawed. Dryden, no doubt, knew the radical meaning of +_sincere_ when he wrote the lines cited by Johnson: + + "He try'd a tough well-chosen spear; + Th' inviolable body stood sincere." + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_The Saltpetre Man_ (Vol. viii., p. 225.).--In addition to the curious +particulars of this office, I send you an extract from Abp. Laud's _Diary_: + + "December 13, Monday. I received letters from Brecknock; that the + _saltpeter man_ was dead and buried the Sunday before the messenger + came. This _saltpeter man_ had digged in the Colledge Church for his + work, bearing too bold upon his commission. The news of it came to me + to London about November 26. I went to my Lord Keeper, and had a + messenger sent to bring him up to answer that sacrilegious abuse. He + prevented his punishment by death." + +JOHN S. BURN. + +_Major Andre_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--There is in the picture gallery of +Yale College, New Haven, Conn., an original sketch of Major Andre, executed +by himself with pen and ink, and without the aid of a glass. It was drawn +in his guard-room on the morning of the day first fixed for his execution. + +J. E. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A DOUBTER is informed that the +_National Intelligencer_ (published at Washington, and edited by Messrs. +Gales and Seaton) is the authority for my statement respecting Mrs. +Singleton, and her advanced age. If A DOUBTER is desirous of satisfying +himself more fully respecting its correctness, he has but {400} to write to +the above-named gentlemen, or to the English Consul at Charleston, S. C., +and his wish will doubtless be gratified. I cannot but hope that your +correspondent's "fifty cents worth of reasons" for doubting my statement is +now, or shortly will be, removed. + +If A DOUBTER intends to be in New York while the present Exhibition is +open, he will have an opportunity of seeing a negro of the age of _one +hundred and twenty-four_, who once belonged to General Washington, and from +whom he could very possibly obtain some information respecting the aged +"nurse" of the first President of the United States mentioned in his note. + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 370.).--The passage for which your +correspondent R. FITZSIMONS makes inquiry is to be found in the Eighth +Eclogue, at the 44th and following lines: + + "Nunc scio quid sit Amor," &c. + +The application by Johnson seems to be so plain as to need no explanation. + +F. B--W. + +_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--Your +correspondent H. P. will find the love charm, consisting of a fig-shaped +excrescence on a foal's forehead, and called _Hippomanes_, alluded to by +Juvenal, _Sat._ VI. 133.: + + "Hippomanes, carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum, + Privignoque datum?" + +And again, 615.: + + "ut avunculus ille Neronis, + Cui totam tremuli frontem Caesonia pulli + Infudit." + +It was supposed that the dam swallowed this excrescence immediately on the +birth of her foal, and that, if prevented doing so, she lost all affection +for it. + +However, the name Hippomanes was applied to two other things. Theocritus +(II. 48.) uses it to signify some herb which incites horses to madness if +they eat of it. + +And again, Virgil (_Geor._ III. 280.), Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, &c., +represent it as a certain _virus_: + + "Hippomanes cupidae stillat ab inguine equae." + +The subject is an unpleasant one, and H. P. is referred for farther +information to Pliny, VIII. 42. s. 66., and XXVIII. 11. s. 80. + +H. C. K. + +This lump was called _Hippomanes_; which also more truly designated, +according to Virgil, another thing. The following paragraphs from Mr. +Keightley's excellent _Notes on Virgil's Bucolics and Georgics_ will fully +explain both meanings: + + "_Hippomanes_, horse-rage: the pale yellow fluid which passes from a + mare at that season [_i. e._ when she is horsing] (cf. _Tibul._ II. 4. + 58.), of which the smell (_aura_, v. 251.) incites the horse. + + "_Vero nomine._ Because the bit of flesh which was said to be on the + forehead of the new-born foal, and which the mare was supposed to + swallow, was called by the same name (see _AEn._ IV. 515.); and also a + plant in Arcadia (_Theocr._ II. 48.). With respect to the former + Hippomanes, Pliny, who detailed truth and falsehood with equal faith, + says (VIII. 42.) that it grows on the foal's forehead; is of the size + of a dried fig (_carica_), and of a black colour; and that if the mare + does not swallow it immediately, she will not let the foal suck her. + Aristotle (_H. A._, VIII. 24.) says this is merely an old wives' tale. + He mentions, however, the [Greek: polion], or bit of livid flesh, which + we call the foal's bit, and which he says the mare ejects before the + foal."--_Notes, &c._, p. 273. on _Georgic._ III. 280. ff. + +With regard to the plant called _Hippomanes_, commentators, as may be seen +from Kiessling's note on Theocritus, ii. 48., are by no means agreed. +Certainly Andrews, in his edition of Freund, is wrong in referring Virgil +_Georgic._ III. 283. to that meaning. The use of _legere_ probably misled. + +E. S. JACKSON. + +_Wardhouse, where was?_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--It probably is the same as +Wardoehuus or Vardoehus, a district and town in Norwegian Finmark, on the +shores of the Arctic Ocean, inhabited principally by fishermen. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +Wallington. + +_Divining Rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--The inquirer should read the +statement made by Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his letters _On the Truths contained +in Popular Superstitions_, 1851, pp. 3-21. To the facts there recorded I +may add, that I have heard Mr. Dawson Turner relate that he himself saw the +experiment of the divining rod satisfactorily carried out in the hands of +Lady Noel Byron; and some account of it is to be found, I believe, in an +article by Sir F. Palgrave, in the _Quarterly Review_. + +[mu]. + +_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--His arms are engraved +on a plate dedicated to him by Willis, in his _Survey of the Cathedrals of +England_, 1742, vol. i. p. 284., and appear thus, _Argent, on a chevron +gules, three besants_; but in a MS. collection by the late Canon Rowling of +Lichfield, relating to bishops' arms, I find his coat thus given,--_Argent, +on a chevron engrailed gules, three besants_. The variation may have arisen +from an error of the engraver. It appears from Willis that Dr. Waugh was a +fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; and the entry of his matriculation would +no doubt show in what part of England his family resided. He was +successively Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean +of Gloucester; and Bishop of {401} Carlisle; to which latter dignity he was +promoted in August, 1723. + +[mu]. + +_Pagoda_ (Vol. v., p. 415.).--The European word pagoda is most probably +derived, by transposition of the syllables, from _da-go-ba_, which is the +Pali or Sanscrit name for a Budhist temple. It appears probable that the +Portuguese first adopted the word in Ceylon, the modern holy isle of +Budhism. + +PH. + +Rangoon. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. Vol. I. + + AUSTIN CHEIRONOMIA. + + REV. E. IRVING'S ORATIONS ON DEATH, JUDGMENT, HEAVEN, AND HELL. + + THOMAS GARDENER'S HISTORY OF DUNWICH. + + MARSH'S HISTORY OF HURSLEY AND BADDESLEY. About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies. + + OSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635. + +PAMPHLETS. + + JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789. + + REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807. + + ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809. + + THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821. + + THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822. + + WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837. + + SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + + A REGISTER OF ELECTIONS, by H. S. Smith, of Leeds (published in Parts). + + JAMES' NAVAL HISTORY. Vols. III., IV., and V. 8vo. 6-Vol. Edition by + Bentley. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. Howes_, Stonham-Aspall, Suffolk. + + * * * * * + + MONUMENTS AND GENII OF ST. PAUL'S AND WESTMINSTER ABBEY, by G. L. Smith. + London. J. Williams. 1826. Vol. I. + + Wanted by _Charles Reed_, Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + DR. PETTINGALL'S TRACT ON JURY TRIAL, 1769. + + Wanted by _Mr. T. Stephens_, Merthyr Tydfil. + + * * * * * + + HISTORY OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT, by Prideaux. Vol. I. 1717-18. + + HISTORICAL MEMOIRS OF QUEENS OF ENGLAND, by Hannah Lawrence. Vol. II. + + BRYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS. + + JARDINE'S NATURALIST'S LIBRARY. First Edition. All except first 13 + Volumes. + + PETER SIMPLE. Illustrated Edition. Saunders and Otley. Vols. II. and III. + + HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SOMERSETSHIRE, by Rev. W. Phelps. 1839. All + except Parts I., II., III., V., VI., VII., and VIII. + + Wanted by _John Garland_, Solicitor, Dorchester. + + * * * * * + + POINTER'S BRITANNIA ROMANA. Oxford, 1724. + + POINTER'S ACCOUNT OF A ROMAN PAVEMENT AT STUNSFIELD, OXON. Oxford, 1713. + + ROMAN STATIONS IN BRITAIN. London, 1726. + + A SURVEY OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN SOME MIDLAND COUNTIES. London, 1726. + + Wanted by _Rev. J. W. Hewett_, Bloxham, Banbury. + + * * * * * + + THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + + G. MACROPEDII, HECASTUS, FABULA. Antwerp, 1539. 8vo. + + Wanted by _William J. Thoms_, 25. Holywell Street, + Millbank, Westminster. + + * * * * * + + INDICATIONS OF SPRING, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., F.R.S. + + THE VILLAGE CURATE, by Hurdis. + + CALENDAR OF FLORA, by Stillingfleete. + + Wanted by _J. B. Whitborne_, 54. Russell Terrace, + Leamington. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKS WANTED.--_We believe that gentlemen in want of particular books, +either by way of loan or purchase, would find great facilities in obtaining +them if their names and addresses were published, so that parties having +the books might communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on +this belief, we shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law +respecting advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire +to avail themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and +addresses--unless specially requested not to do so._ + +ALL COMMUNICATIONS _should be addressed to the Editor, to the care of_ Mr. +Bell, 186. Fleet Street. _They should be_ distinctly _written; and care +should be taken that all Quotations are copied with accuracy; and in all +cases of References to Books the editions referred to should be specified. +Every distinct subject should form a separate communication; all inquiries +respecting communications forwarded for insertion should specify the +subjects of such communications._ + +OUR PROSPECTUS _has been reprinted at the suggestion of several +Correspondents, and we shall be happy to forward copies to any friends who +may desire to assist us by circulating them._ + +_We have just received the following communication:_ + +_"Binocular Compound Microscope._--Will you allow me an _exiguum_ of your +periodical for the purpose of explaining a seeming plagiarism at page 32. +of my _Essay on the Stereoscope_? I have just seen, for the first time, the +October number of the _Journal of Microscopical Science_, whereby I learn +that Mr. Wenham and Mr. Riddell have anticipated me in the theory of the +_Binocular Compound Microscope_. Up to this time I was not aware of the +fact that the subject had received the attention it deserves, and my own +suggestions, founded upon a series of careful experiments made during the +last eight months, were thrown out for the simple purpose of calling +attention to the utility and practicability of a _Binocular Compound +Microscope_. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham." + +OLD GRUMBLETON.--_We believe the real origin of the phrase_ By hook or by +crook _to be the "right of taking_ fire-bote by hook or by crook," _as +explained in_ "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 405. _Much curious illustration of the +phrase will be found in our earlier volumes._ + +H. H. (Glasgow). _We cannot give the receipt you ask for. Brunswick black, +which you will have no difficulty in procuring, answers very well._ + +PONDERS END.--_The syllable_ ness, _in Sheerness, is the French_ nez _and +the Danish_ naes, "_a point or tongue of land_." + +W. J. E. C. _has, we fear, only lately become a reader of_ "N. & Q.," _or +he would have remembered the numerous communications in our pages on the +subject of the pronunciation of_ Cowper's _name. The poet was called +Cooper._ + +SOL. _Sir D. Brewster's_ Treatise on Optics, _price 3s. 6d., published by +Longman._ + +A PARTY WHO WON'T, &c. _We are sorry to say we cannot alter the arrangement +referred to._ + +W. S. S. E. _It is impossible for us to undertake to insert a Query in the +same week in which it is received._ + +P. T. (Stoke Newington). _The communication respecting the_ Cotton Family +_has been forwarded to_ R. W. C. + +J. M. _will find his Query respecting_ Apres moi le Deluge _has been +anticipated by Mr. Douglas Jerrold in our_ 3rd Vol., p. 299. _Proofs of its +antiquity are given in the same volume_, p. 397. + +_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 132. col. 2. l. 14., for "Britannica" read +"Britannia;" p. 280. col. 2. l. 5., for "lower" read "cower;" p. 315. col. +1. l. ult., for "Sprawley" read "Shrawley;" p. 360. col. 1. l. 35., dele +"Hamsah;" p. 364. col. 2. l. 27., for "1653" read "1753." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a +Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ {402} + + * * * * * + + +APPARATUS FOR INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE.--Special Report on Grants to aid in +the Purchase of Apparatus for Instruction in Science. By the REV. H. +MOSELEY, M.A., F.R.S., Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools, &c., Jan. 5th, +1853.--_Minutes of the Committee of Council on Education._ + +JOHN J. 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MAITLAND on the GENUINENESS of the WRITINGS +ascribed to CYPRIAN, BISHOP of CARTHAGE. By the REV. E. J. SHEPHERD, M.A., +Rector of Luddesdown; Author of the "History of the Church of Rome to the +End of the Episcopate of Damasus." + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +On the 1st November, 16 pp. crown 4to., price Threehalfpence. + +THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE. A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the +Fine Arts, &c., &c., devoted to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social +Elevation of the Working Classes. Under the Superintendence of a Committee. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + +Advertisements received until the 21st. + + * * * * * + + +Collection of Autograph Letters. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Wednesday, October 26th, +a Small but very Interesting Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical +Papers: amongst which are Two Holograph Letters of Oliver Cromwell, many +others signed by him; a Letter of Richard Cromwell; a Holograph Letter of +Martin Luther; many Interesting and Rare Letters connected with the History +of Denmark and Sweden, relating to the affair of Count Struensee, +&c.--Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +CHARACTER FROM HANDWRITING.--MR. WARREN, of 9. Great College Street, +Westminster, continues, with great success, to Delineate the Character of +Individuals from their Handwriting. All Persons desirous of testing his +Art, are invited to forward a Specimen of their ordinary Writing, together +with Thirteen Postage Stamps, and a mention of their Sex and Age, to the +above Address. + + * * * * * + + +DEAFNESS, CHRONIC OR ACUTE NERVOUS DEAFNESS, SINGING NOISES AND PAINS IN +THE EARS. + +A NEW DISCOVERY FOR RESTORING HEARING, proved to be perfectly infallible, +by which many thousands of sufferers have been instantly enabled to hear +the human voice in a low tone without causing one instant's pain, +inconvenience, or trouble to a child, or aged nervous sufferer of either +sex. This truly important discovery for the cure of deafness, obviating as +it does all the former dangerous and fatal operations, has been made by the +eminent aurist, DR. DAVID THOMAS, ten years Consulting Surgeon, at 14. +Stroud Street, Dover, the first application of which gives immediate +relief, restoring the hearing in the most confirmed stages of deafness, +whether from old age, nervousness, or any predisposing cause, to which +children and adults are subject, and from which deafness follows the heavy +affliction of noises in the head and ears, immediately removed by its use. +Each sufferer can apply it himself: the proof and result being instantly +convincing, as it enables the previously deaf person to hear common tone +conversation, who before could only be made to hear by loud shouting in the +ear, or by means of a powerful ear-trumpet. It has been applied by the +Doctor on hundreds of suffering applicants at most of the ear infirmaries +and hospitals, with perfect success, and in many thousands of cases to whom +he has sent it many had not heard the human voice for half their life, and +some not at all, who by its use alone are now perfectly restored to hearing +and the society of their fellow-creatures, and enabled to hear distinctly +in a place of worship.--Applicants who send a written statement of their +case by letter, inclosing postage stamps or money order for 7s. 6d., +directed to DR. DAVID THOMAS, M.R.C.S.L., 14. Stroud Street, Dover, Kent, +will receive the means of cure by return of post, with full directions for +use. Personal consultation for deafness. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, 12mo. cloth, 5s. Second Edition. + +MANUAL OF ASTRONOMY, by JOHN DREW, F.R.A.S., Ph. D.--This work, which is +illustrated by 70 engravings on wood and stone, is intended for readers who +are not extensively acquainted with mathematics. It conveys a general +knowledge of the stupendous phenomena of nature, including all the modern +discoveries down to the present time; directs those who possess telescopes +how to use them, what objects to look for in the heavens, and where they +are to be found; and gives familiar directions for the use and adjustment +of the transit instrument, astronomical circle, and equatorial. It is +peculiarly fitted for a text-book in schools, and is a good introduction +for those who wish to obtain a knowledge of the present state of +astronomical science. + + "A very good little manual, with a number of well-engraved maps and + diagrams, and written in a brief and clear style, yet with sufficient + fulness to preserve it from dryness."--_Guardian._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, considerably enlarged, 14s. + +VARRONIANUS: a Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography of +Ancient Italy, and the Philological Study of the Latin Language. By J. W. +DONALDSON, D.D., Head Master of King Edward's Grammar School, Bury St. +Edmund's. + +By the same Author, Second Edition, 8vo. much enlarged, 18s. + +THE NEW CRATYLUS; Contributions towards a more Accurate Knowledge of the +Greek Language. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. Cambridge: DEIGHTON. + + * * * * * + + +Cheap Editions, crown 8vo., 4s. 6d. each, of + +ARCHBISHOP WHATELY'S LOGIC. + +WHATELY'S RHETORIC. + +Also, demy 8vo. Editions of WHATELY'S LOGIC AND RHETORIC (10s. 6d. each); +printed uniformly with the Author's other Works. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Post 8vo., 6s. + +THEOPHILI EPISCOPI ANTIOCHENSIS LIBRI TRES AD AUTOLYCUM. Edidit +Prolegomenis Versione Notulis Indicibus Instruxit GULIELMUS GILSON HUMPHRY, +S.T.B., Collegi Sanctiss. Trin. Ap. Cantabrigienses Socius. Jussu +Syndicorum Preli Academici, Cantabrigiae. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +CRABB'S DICTIONARY. + +The Fifth Edition, corrected, enlarged, and brought down to the present +time, by the REV. HENRY DAVIS, M.A., illustrated with 700 Engravings. Crown +8vo., cloth, price 9s. + +A DICTIONARY OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, comprising an Explanation of Words and +Things connected with Literature and Science, &c., by GEORGE CRABB, A.M. + +London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, + +THE SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY, No. IV., price Fourpence; or by post on receipt +of Six Stamps, containing the following highly interesting Articles:---viz. +Shakspeare and the Spanish Invasion--Shakspeare, the Poet Catholic--Old +Notes on Shakspeare (now first published)--Bartholomew Fair in Edward the +Second's Reign--German Works on Shakspeare, &c. &c. + +Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. {403} + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + +_Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + +_Trustees._ + +W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; T. 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By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and Cheapest. +To be had in great variety at + +M^cMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street. + +Price List Gratis. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S +HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. + +THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual +remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves +fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, +liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia +(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, +flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, +rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, +and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, +fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. + +_A few out of 50,000 Cures_:-- + + Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefit from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES." + + Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, + nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness + at the stomach and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent + food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." + + Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured + by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, + Tiverton." + + Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with + cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." + +_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ + + "Bonn, July 19, 1852. + +"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, nourishing, +and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all kinds of +medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, as also +diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as +stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of +the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This really +invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory result, not only +in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where irritation and pain are to be +removed, but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, in which it +counteracts effectually the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with +perfect truth to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica +is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption. + + "DR. RUD WURZER, + + "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M. D. + in Bonn." + +London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her +Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all +respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably +packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. +6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. +and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry +Co., 77. Regent Street, London. + +IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious +imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and +others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name +BARRY, DU BARRY & Co., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which +none is genuine_. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, in Complete Sets, in Portable Cabinets, at moderate +prices. + +SMALL SET, price 7l. 7s., containing every requisite for taking Landscapes +and Pictures of inanimate objects, to a size not exceeding 7 by 6 inches. + +LARGE SET, price 11l., for Pictures up to 10 by 8 inches.--N. B. 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