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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 3, 2008 [EBook #26767]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: on page 399, "Yule College" in the original is
+corrected to "Yale College".
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{381}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 208.]
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                 Page
+
+  A Prophet                                                 381
+
+  FOLK LORE:--Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire--New
+  Brunswick Folk Lore--North Lincolnshire Folk
+  Lore--Portuguese Folk Lore                                382
+
+  Pope and Cowper, By J. Yeowell                            383
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by Patrick Muirson, &c.        383
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Judicial Families--Derivation of
+  "Topsy Turvy"--Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias--
+  "Mary, weep no more for me"--Epitaph at Wood
+  Ditton--Pictorial Pun                                     384
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Sir Thomas Button's Voyage, 1612, by John Petheram        385
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--The Words "Cash" and "Mob"
+  --"History of Jesus Christ"--Quantity of the Latin
+  Termination -anus--Webb and Walker Families--
+  Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes"--Point of Etiquette
+  --Napoleon's Spelling--Trench on Proverbs--Rings
+  formerly worn by Ecclesiastics--Butler's "Lives of
+  the Saints"--Marriage of Cousins--Castle Thorpe,
+  Bucks--Where was Edward II. killed?--Encore--
+  Amcotts' Pedigree--Blue Bell: Blue Anchor--
+  "We've parted for the longest time"--Matthew
+  Lewis--Paradise Lost--Colonel Hyde Seymour--
+  Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire--Poems published at
+  Manchester--Handel's Dettingen Te Deum--
+  Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.                 386
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--The Ligurian Sage
+  --Gresebrok in Yorkshire--Stillingfleet's Library--
+  The whole System of Law--Saint Malachy on the
+  Popes--Work on the Human Figure                           389
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  "Namby Pamby," and other Words of the same Form           390
+  Earl of Oxford                                            392
+  Picts' Houses                                             392
+  Pronunciation of "Humble"                                 393
+  School Libraries                                          395
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Albumenized Paper
+  --Cement for Glass Baths--New Process for Positive
+  Proofs                                                    395
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Groaning Elmplank
+  in Dublin--Passage in Whiston--"When
+  Orpheus went down"--Foreign Medical Education
+  --"Short red, good red"--Collar of SS.--Who first
+  thought of Table-turning--Passage of Thucydides on
+  the Greek Factions--Origin of "Clipper" as applied
+  to Vessels--Passage in Tennyson--Huet's Navigations
+  of Solomon--Sincere--The Saltpetre Man--
+  Major Andre--Longevity--Passage in Virgil--Love
+  Charm from a Foal's Forehead--Wardhouse, where
+  was?--Divining Rod--Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle--
+  Pagoda                                                    397
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              401
+  Notices to Correspondents                                 401
+  Advertisements                                            402
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+A PROPHET.
+
+What a curious book would be "Our Prophets and Enthusiasts!" The literary
+and biographical records of the vaticinators, and the heated spirits who,
+after working upon the fears of the timid, and exciting the imaginations of
+the weak, have flitted into oblivion! As a specimen of the odd characters
+such a work would embrace, allow me to introduce to your readers Thomas
+Newans, a Shropshire farmer, who unhappily took it into his head that his
+visit to the lower sphere was on a special mission.
+
+Mr. Newans is the author of a book entitled _A Key to the Prophecies of the
+Old and New Testament_; showing (among other impending events) "The
+approaching Invasion of England;" "The Extirpation of Popery and
+Mahometisme;" "The Restoration of the Jews," and "The Millennium." London:
+printed for the Author (who attests the genuineness of my copy by his
+signature), 1747.
+
+In this misfitted key he relates how, in a vision, he was invested with the
+prophetic mantle:
+
+    "In the year 1723, in the night," says Mr. Newans, "I fell into a
+    dream, and seemed to be riding on the road into the county of Cheshire.
+    When I was got about eight miles from home, my horse made a stop on the
+    road; and it seemed a dark night, and on a sudden there shone a light
+    before me on the ground, which was as bright as when the sun shines at
+    noon-day. In the middle of that bright circle stood a child in white.
+    It spoke, and told me that I must go into Cheshire, and I should find a
+    man with uncommon marks upon his feet, which should be a warning to me
+    to believe; and that the year after I should have a cow that would
+    calve a calf with his heart growing out of his body in a wonderful
+    manner, as a token of what should come to pass; and that a terrible war
+    would break out in Europe, and in fourteen years after the token it
+    would extend to England."
+
+In compliance with his supernatural communication, our farmer proceeded to
+Cheshire, where he found the man indicated; and, a year after, his own farm
+stock was increased by the birth of a calf with his heart growing out. And
+after taking his family, of seven, to witness to the truth of {382} what he
+describes, he adds with great simplicity: "So then I rode to London to
+acquaint the ministers of state of the approaching danger!"
+
+This story of the calf with the heart growing out, is not a bad type of the
+worthy grazier himself, and his _hearty_ and burning zeal for the
+Protestant faith. Mr. Newans distinctly and repeatedly predicts that these
+"two beastly religions," _i. e._ the Popish and Mahomedan, will be totally
+extirpated within seven years! And "I have," says he, "for almost twenty
+years past, travelled to London and back again into the country, near fifty
+journies, and every journey was two hundred and fifty miles, to acquaint
+the ministers of state and several of the bishops, and other divines, with
+the certainty, danger, and manner of the war" which was to bring this
+about. Commenting on the story of Balaam, our prophet says: "And now the
+world is grown so full of sin and wickedness, that if a dumb ass should
+speak with a man's voice, they would scarce repent:" and I conclude that
+the said statesmen and divines did not estimate these prophetic warnings
+much higher than the brayings of that quadruped which they turned out to
+be. Mr. Newan professes to gave penned these vaticinations in the year
+1744, twenty-one years after the date of his vision; so that he had ample
+time to mature them. What would the farmer say were he favoured with a peep
+at our world in 1853, with its Mussulman system unbroken; and its cardinal,
+archbishops, and Popish bishops firmly established in the very heart of
+Protestant England?
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire._--About twenty years ago, at Hildersham,
+there was a custom of ringing the church bell at five o'clock in the
+leasing season. The cottagers then repaired to the fields to glean; but
+none went out before the bell was rung. The bell tolled again in the
+evening as a signal for all to return home. I would add a Query, Is this
+custom continued; and is it to be met with in any other place?
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+_New Brunswick Folk Lore_:--_Common Notions respecting Teeth._--Among the
+lower orders and negroes, and also among young children of respectable
+parents (who have probably derived the notion from contact with the others
+as nurses or servants), it is here very commonly held that when a tooth is
+drawn, if you refrain from thrusting the tongue in the cavity, the second
+tooth will be golden. Does this idea prevail in England?
+
+_Superstition respecting Bridges._--Many years ago my grandfather had quite
+a household of blacks, some of whom were slaves and some free. Being bred
+in his family, a large portion of my early days was thus passed among them,
+and I have often reverted to the weird superstitions with which they froze
+themselves and alarmed me. Most of these had allusion to the devil:
+scarcely one of them that I now recollect but referred to him. Among others
+they firmly held that when the clock struck twelve at midnight, the devil
+and a select company of his inferiors regularly came upon that part of the
+bridge called "the draw," and danced a hornpipe there. So firmly did they
+hold to this belief, that no threat nor persuasion could induce the
+stoutest-hearted of them to cross the fatal draw after ten o'clock at
+night. This belief is quite contrary to that which prevails in Scotland,
+according to which, Robin Burns being my authority, "neither witches nor
+any evil spirits have power to follow a poor wight any farther than the
+middle of the next running stream."[1]
+
+C. D. D.
+
+New Brunswick, New Jersey.
+
+[Footnote 1:
+
+  "Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg,
+  And win the key-stane of the brig:
+  There at them thou thy tail may toss,
+  A running stream they dare na crass."--_Tam O'Shanter._
+
+ ]
+
+_North Lincolnshire Folk Lore._--Here follow some shreds of folk lore which
+I have not seen as yet in "N. & Q." They all belong to North Lincolnshire.
+
+1. Death sign. If a swarm of bees alight on a dead tree, or on the dead
+bough of a living tree, there will be a death in the family of the owner
+during the year.
+
+2. If you do not throw salt into the fire before you begin to churn, the
+butter will not come.
+
+3. If eggs are brought over running water they will have no chicks in them.
+
+4. It is unlucky to bring eggs into the house after sunset.
+
+5. If you wear a snake's skin round your head you will never have the
+headache.
+
+6. Persons called Agnes always go mad.
+
+7. A person who is born on Christmas Day will be able to see spirits.
+
+8. Never burn egg-shells; if you do, the hens cease to lay.
+
+9. If a pigeon is seen sitting in a tree, or comes into the house, or from
+being wild suddenly becomes tame, it is a sign of death.
+
+10. When you see a magpie you should cross yourself; if you do not you will
+be unlucky.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors.
+
+_Portuguese Folk Lore._--
+
+    "The borderer whispered in my ear that he was one of the dreadful
+    Lobishomens, a devoted race, held in mingled horror and commiseration,
+    and never mentioned {383} without by the Portuguese peasantry. They
+    believe that if a woman be delivered of seven male infants
+    successively, the seventh, by an inexplicable fatality, becomes subject
+    to the powers of darkness; and is compelled, on every Saturday evening,
+    to assume the likeness of an ass. So changed, and followed by a horrid
+    train of dogs, he is forced to run an impious race over the moors and
+    through the villages; nor is allowed an interval of rest until the
+    dawning Sabbath terminates his sufferings, and restores him to his
+    human shape."--From Lord Carnarvon's _Portugal and Gallicia_, vol. ii.
+    p. 268.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POPE AND COWPER.
+
+In Cowper's letter to Lady Hesketh, dated January 18, 1787, occurs a notice
+for the first time of Mr. Samuel Rose, with whom Cowper subsequently
+corresponded. He informs Lady Hesketh that--
+
+    "A young gentleman called here yesterday, who came six miles out of his
+    way to see me. He was on a journey to London from Glasgow, having just
+    left the University there. He came, I suppose, partly to satisfy his
+    own curiosity, but chiefly, as it seemed, to bring me the thanks of
+    some of the Scotch professors for my two volumes. His name is Rose, an
+    Englishman."
+
+Prefixed to a copy of Hayley's _Life and Letters of William Cowper, Esq._,
+in the British Museum, is an extract in MS. of a letter from the late
+Samuel Rose, Esq., to his favourite sister, Miss Harriet Rose, written in
+the year before his marriage, at the age of twenty-two, and which, I
+believe, has never been printed. It may, perhaps, merit a corner of "N. &
+Q."
+
+    "Weston Lodge, Sept. 9, 1789.
+
+    "Last week Mr. Cowper finished the _Odyssey_, and we drank an
+    unreluctant bumper to its success. The labour of translation is now at
+    an end, and the less arduous work of revision remains to be done, and
+    then we shall see it published. I promise both you and myself much
+    pleasure from its perusal. You will most probably find it at first less
+    pleasing than Pope's versification, owing to the difference subsisting
+    between blank verse and rhyme--a difference which is not sufficiently
+    attended to, and whereby people are led into injudicious comparisons.
+    You will find Mr. Pope more refined: Mr. Cowper more simple, grand, and
+    majestic; and, indeed, insomuch as Mr. Pope is more refined than Mr.
+    Cowper, he is more refined than his original, and in the same
+    proportion departs from Homer himself. Pope's must universally be
+    allowed to be a beautiful poem: Mr. Cowper's will be found a striking
+    and a faithful portrait, and a pleasing picture to those who enjoy his
+    style of colouring, which I am apprehensive is not so generally
+    acceptable as the other master's. Pope possesses the gentle and amiable
+    graces of a Guido: Cowper is endowed with the bold sublime genius of a
+    Raphael. After having said so much upon their comparative merits,
+    enough, I hope, to refute your second assertion which was, that women,
+    in the opinion of men, have little to do with literature. I may inform
+    you, that the _Iliad_ is to be dedicated to Earl Cowper, and the
+    _Odyssey_ to the Dowager Lady Spencer but this information need not be
+    extensively circulated."
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+50. Burton Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_"As You Like It."_--Believing that whatever illustrates, even to a
+trifling extent, the great dramatic poet of England will interest the
+readers of "N. & Q.," I solicit their attention to the resemblance between
+the two following passages:
+
+                  "All the world's a stage,
+  And all the men and women merely players."
+
+  "Si recte aspicias, _vita haec est fabula quaedam_.
+  _Scena autem, mundus versatilis_: _histrio et actor_
+  _Quilibet est hominum--mortales nam proprie cuncti_
+  _Sunt personati_, et falsa sub imagine, vulgi
+  Praestringunt oculos: _ita Diis, risumque jocumque_,
+  _Stultitiis, nugisque suis per saecula praebent_.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Jam mala quae humanum patitur genus, adnumerabo.
+  _Principio_ postquam e latebris male olentibus alvi
+  Eductus tandem est, materno sanguine foedus,
+  _Vagit, et auspicio lacrymarum nascitur infans_.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Vix natus jam vincla subit, tenerosque coercet
+  Fascia longa artus: praesagia dire futuri
+  Servitii.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Post ubi jam valido se poplite sustinet, et jam
+  Rite loqui didicit, tunc servire incipit, atque
+  Jussa pati, _sentitque minas ictusque magistri_,
+  Saepe patris matrisque manu fratrisque frequenter
+  Pulsatur: facient quid vitricus atque noverca?
+  _Fit juvenis, crescunt vires_: jam spernit habenas,
+  Occluditque aures monitis, furere incipit, ardens
+  Luxuria atque ira: et temerarius omnia nullo
+  Consilio aggreditur, dictis melioribus obstat,
+  Deteriora fovens: _non ulla pericula curat_,
+  Dummodo id efficiat, suadet quod coeca libido.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "_Succedit gravior, melior, prudentior aetas_,
+  Cumque ipsa curae adveniunt, durique labores;
+  Tune homo mille modis, studioque enititur omni
+  Rem facere, et nunquam sibi multa negotia desunt.
+  Nunc peregre it, nunc ille domi, nunc rure laborat,
+  Ut sese, uxorem, natos, famulosque gubernet,
+  Ac servet, solus pro cunctis sollicitus, nec
+  Jucundis fruitur dapibus, nec nocte quieta.
+  Ambitio hunc etiam impellens, _ad publica mittit_
+  _Munia_: dumque inhiat vano male sanus honori,
+  Invidiae atque odii patitur mala plurima: deinceps
+  _Obrepit canis rugosa senecta capillis_,
+  Secum multa trahens incommoda corporis atque
+  Mentis: nam _vires abeunt, speciesque colorque_,
+  Nec non _deficiunt sensus_: _audire, videre_
+  {384}
+  _Languescunt, gustusque minor fit_: denique semper
+  Aut hoc, aut illo morbo vexantur--_inermi_
+  _Manduntur vix ore cibi_, _vix crura bacillo_
+  _Sustentata meant_: animus quoque vulnera sentit.
+  _Desipit, et longo torpet confectus ab aevo_."
+
+It would have only occupied your space needlessly, to have transcribed at
+length the celebrated description of the seven ages of human life from
+Shakspeare's _As You Like It_; but I would solicit the attention of your
+readers to the Latin verses, and then to the question, Whether either poet
+has borrowed from the other? and, should this be decided affirmatively, the
+farther question would arise, Which is the original?
+
+ARTERUS.
+
+Dublin.
+
+    [These lines look like a modern paraphrase of Shakspeare; and our
+    Correspondent has not informed us from what book he has _transcribed_
+    them.--Ed.]
+
+_Passage in "King John" and "Romeo and Juliet."_--I am neither a
+commentator nor a reader of commentators on Shakspeare. When I meet with a
+difficulty, I get over it as well as I can, and think no more of the
+matter. Having, however, accidentally seen two passages of Shakspeare much
+ventilated in "N. & Q.," I venture to give my poor conjectures respecting
+them.
+
+1. _King John._--
+
+  "It lies as sightly on the back of him,
+  As great Alcides' _shows_ upon an ass."
+
+I consider _shows_ to be the true reading; the reference being to the
+ancient _mysteries_, called also _shows_. The machinery required for the
+celebration of the mysteries was carried by _asses_. Hence the proverb:
+"Asinus portat mysteriae." The connexion of Hercules--"great Alcides"--with
+the mysteries, may be learned from Aristophanes and many other ancient
+writers. And thus the meaning of the passage seems to be: The lion's skin,
+which once belonged to Richard of the Lion Heart, is as sightly on the back
+of _Austria_, as were the mysteries of Hercules upon an ass.
+
+2. _Romeo and Juliet._--
+
+  "That runaways eyes may wink."
+
+Here I would retain the reading, and interpret _runaways_ as signifying
+"persons going about on the watch." Perhaps _runagates_, according to
+modern usage, would come nearer to the proposed signification, but not to
+be quite up with it. Many words in Shakspeare have significations very
+remote from those which they now bear.
+
+PATRICK MUIRSON.
+
+_Shakspeare and the Bible._--Has it ever been noticed that the following
+passage from the Second Part of _Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., is taken from
+the fourteenth chapter of St. Luke's Gospel?
+
+  "What do we then, but draw anew the model
+  In fewer offices; or, at least, desist
+  To build at all? Much more, in this great work,
+  (Which is almost to pluck a kingdom down,
+  And set another up) should we survey
+  The plot, the situation, and the model;
+  Consult upon a sure foundation,
+  Question surveyors, know our own estate,
+  How able such a work to undergo.
+  A careful leader sums what force he brings
+  To weigh against his opposite; or else
+  We fortify on paper, and in figures,
+  Using the names of men, instead of men:
+  Like one that draws the model of a house
+  Beyond his power to build it."
+
+The passage in St. Luke is as follows (xiv. 28-31.):
+
+    "For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first,
+    and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it?
+
+    "Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to
+    finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him,
+
+    "Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish.
+
+    "Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down
+    first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him
+    that cometh against him with twenty thousand?"
+
+I give the passage as altered by Mr. Collier's Emendator, because I think
+the line added by him,
+
+    "A careful leader sums what force he brings,"
+
+is strongly corroborated by the Scripture text.
+
+Q. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Judicial Families._--In vol. v. p. 206. (new edition) of Lord Mahon's
+_History of England_, we find the following passage:
+
+    "Lord Chancellor Camden was the younger son of Chief Justice Pratt,--a
+    case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not easily
+    matched, unless by their own cotemporaries, Lord Hardwicke and Charles
+    Yorke."
+
+The following case, I think, is equally, if not more, remarkable:--
+
+The Right Hon. Thomas Berry Cusack-Smith, brother of the present Sir
+Michael Cusack-Smith, Bart., is Master of the Rolls in Ireland, having been
+appointed to that high office in January, 1846. His father, Sir William
+Cusack-Smith, second baronet, was for many years Baron of the Court of
+Exchequer in Ireland. And his grandfather, the Right Hon. Sir Michael
+Smith, first baronet, was, like his grandson at the present day, Master of
+the Rolls in Ireland.
+
+Is not this "a case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not
+easily matched?"
+
+ABHBA.
+
+{385}
+
+_Derivation of "Topsy Turvy."_--When things are in confusion they are
+generally said to be turned "topsy turvy." The expression is derived from a
+way in which turf for fuel is placed to dry on its being cut. The surface
+of the ground is pared off with the heath growing on it, and the heath is
+turned downward, and left some days in that state that the earth may get
+dry before it is carried away. It means then top-side-turf-way.
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias._--Allow me to offer a suggestion to the
+publishers and compilers of dictionaries; first as to dictionaries of the
+language. A large class refer to these only to learn the meaning of words
+not familiar to them, but which may occur in reading. If the dictionaries
+are framed on the principle of displaying only the classical language of
+England, it is ten to one they will not supply the desired information. Let
+there be, besides classical dictionaries, glossaries which will exclude no
+word whatever on account of rarity, vulgarity, or technicality, but which
+may very well exclude those which are most familiar. As to encyclopaedias,
+their value is chiefly as supplements to the library; but surely no one
+studies anatomy, or the differential calculus, or architecture, in them,
+however good the treatises may be. I want a dictionary of miscellaneous
+subjects, such as find place more easily in an encyclopaedia than anywhere
+else; but why must I also purchase treatises on the higher mathematics, on
+navigation, on practical engineering, and the like, some of which I already
+may possess, others not want, and none of which are a bit the more
+convenient because arranged in alphabetical order in great volumes.
+Besides, they cannot be conveniently replaced by improved editions.
+
+ENCYCLOPAEDICUS.
+
+_"Mary, weep no more for me."_--There is a well-known ballad of this name,
+said to have been written by a Scotchman named "Low." The first verse runs
+thus:
+
+  "The moon had climbed the highest hill,
+  Which rises o'er the source of Dee,
+  And from the eastern summit sped
+  Its silver light on tower and tree."
+
+I find, however, amongst my papers, a fragment of a version of this same
+ballad, of, I assume, earlier antiquity, which so surpasses Low's ballad
+that the author has little to thank him for his interference. The first
+verse of what I take to be the original poem stands thus:
+
+  "The moon had climbed the highest hill,
+  Where eagles big[2] aboon the Dee,
+  And like the looks of a lovely dame,
+  Brought joy to every body's ee."
+
+No poetical reader will require his attention to be directed to the
+immeasurable superiority of this glorious verse: the high poetic animation,
+the eagles' visits, the lovely looks of female beauty, the exhilarating
+gladness and joy affecting the beholder, all manifest the genius of the
+master bard. I shall receive it as a favour if any of your correspondents
+will furnish a complete copy of the original poem, and contrast it with
+what "Low" fancied his "improvements."
+
+JAMES CORNISH.
+
+[Footnote 2: Build.]
+
+_Epitaph at Wood Ditton._--You have recently appropriated a small space in
+your "medium of intercommunication" to the subject of epitaphs. I can
+furnish you with one which I have been accustomed to regard as a "grand
+climacterical absurdity." About thirty years ago, when making a short
+summer ramble, I entered the churchyard of Wood Ditton, near Newmarket, and
+my attention was attracted by a headstone, having inlaid into its upper
+part a piece of iron, measuring about ten inches by six, and hollowed out
+into the shape of a _dish_. I inquired of a cottager residing on the spot
+what the thing meant? I was informed that the party whose ashes the grave
+covered was a man who, during a long life, had a strange taste for sopping
+a slice of bread in a dripping-pan (a pan over which meat has been
+roasted), and would relinquish for this all kinds of dishes, sweet or
+savoury; that in his will he left a request that a dripping-pan should be
+fixed in his gravestone; that he wrote his own epitaph, an exact copy of
+which I herewith give you, and which he requested to be engraved on the
+stone:
+
+  "Here lies my corpse, who was the man
+  That loved a sop in the dripping-pan;
+  But now believe me I am dead,--
+  See here the pan stands at my head.
+  Still for sops till the last I cried,
+  But could not eat, and so I died.
+  My neighbours they perhaps will laugh,
+  When they read my epitaph."
+
+J. H.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Pictorial Pun._--In the village of Warbleton, in Sussex, there is an old
+public-house, which has for its sign a War Bill in a tun of beer, in
+reference of course to the name of the place. It has, however, the double
+meaning, of "Axe for Beer."
+
+R. W. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SIR THOMAS BUTTON'S VOYAGE, 1612.
+
+I am about to print some information, hitherto I believe totally unknown,
+relative to the voyage of Sir Thomas Button in 1612, for the discovery of
+the north-west passage.
+
+Of this voyage a journal was kept, which was in existence many years
+afterwards, being offered by {386} its author to Secretary Dorchester in
+1629, then engaged in forwarding the projected voyage of "North-West" Foxe;
+it is remarkable, however, that no extended account of this voyage, so
+important in its objects, has ever been published. I am desirous of knowing
+if this journal is in existence, and where? Also, Lord Dorchester's letter
+to Button in February, 1629; of any farther information on the subject of
+the voyage, or of Sir Thomas Button.
+
+What I possess already are, 1. "Motiues inducing a Proiect for the
+Discouerie of the North Pole terrestriall; the streights of Anian, into the
+South Sea, and Coasts thereof," anno 1610. 2. Prince Henry's Instructions
+for the Voyage, together with King James's Letters of Credence, 1612. 3. A
+Letter from Sir Thomas Button to Secretary Dorchester, dated Cardiff, 16th
+Feb., 1629 (from the State Paper Office). 4. Sir Dudley Digges' little
+tract on the N.-W. Passage, written to promote the voyage, and of which
+there were two distinct impressions in 1611 and 1612. 5. Extracts from the
+Carleton Correspondence, and from the Hakluyt Society's volume on Voyages
+to the North-West.
+
+I shall be glad also to learn the date, and any other facts connected with
+the death of John Davis, the discoverer of the Straits bearing his name.
+
+JOHN PETHERAM.
+
+94. High Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Words "Cash" and "Mob."_--In Moore's _Diary_ I find the following
+remark. Can any of your numerous readers throw any light on the subject?
+
+    "Lord Holland doubted whether the word 'Cash' was a legitimate English
+    word, though, as Irving remarked, it is as old as Ben Jonson, there
+    being a character called Cash in one of his comedies. Lord Holland said
+    Mr. Fox was of opinion that the word 'Mob' was not genuine
+    English."--Moore's _Diary_, vol. iii. p. 247.
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_"History of Jesus Christ."_--G. L. S. will feel obliged by any
+correspondent of "N. & Q." stating who is the author of the following
+work?--
+
+    "The History of the Incarnation, Life, Doctrine and Miracles, the
+    Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour,
+    Jesus Christ. In Seven Books; illustrated with Notes, and interspersed
+    with Dissertations, theological, historical, geographical and critical.
+
+    "To which are added the Lives, Actions, and Sufferings of the Twelve
+    Apostles; also of Saint Paul, Saint Mark, Saint Luke, and Saint
+    Barnabas. Together with a Chronological Table from the beginning of the
+    reign of Herod the Great to the end of the Apostolic Age. By a Divine
+    of the Church of England.
+
+    "London: printed for T. Cooper, at the Globe, in Paternoster Row,
+    1737."
+
+This work is in one folio volume, and all I can ascertain of its authorship
+is that it was _not_ written by Bishop Gibson, of "Preservative" fame.
+
+_Quantity of the Latin Termination -anus._--Proper names having the
+termination _-anus_ are always long in Latin and short in Greek; thus, the
+Claudi[=a]nus, Luci[=a]nus, &c. of the Latins are [Greek: Klaudianos] and
+[Greek: Loukianos] in Greek. What is to be said of the word [Greek:
+Christianos]? Is it long or short, admitting it to be long in the Latin
+tongue?
+
+While on the subject of quantities, let me ask, where is the authority for
+that of the name of the queen of the Ethiopians, Candace, to be found? We
+always pronounce it long, but all books of authority mark it as short.
+
+ANTI-BARBARUS.
+
+_Webb and Walker Families._--Perhaps you or some of your numerous readers
+could inform me if the Christian names of Daniel and Roger were used 160 or
+180 years ago by any of the numerous families of _Webb_ or _Webbe_,
+resident in Wilts or elsewhere; and if so, in what family of that name? And
+is there any pedigree of them extant? and where is it to be found?
+
+Was the Rev. Geo. Walker, the defender of Derry, connected with the Webbs?
+and if so, how, and with what family?
+
+Is there any Webb mentioned in history at the siege of Derry? and if so, to
+what family of that name did he belong?
+
+GULIELMUS.
+
+_Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes."_--I stumbled lately at a book-stall on a
+very curious old book entitled _A Treasurie or Store-house of Similes both
+pleasant, delightfull, and profitable_. The title-page is gone; but in an
+old hand on the cover it is stated to have been written by a certain
+"Cawdrey," and to have been printed in 1609, where I cannot discover. Can
+any of your correspondents oblige me with some information concerning him?
+The book is marked "scarce."
+
+J. H. S.
+
+_Point of Etiquette._--Will some of your numerous correspondents kindly
+inform me as to the rule in such a case as the following: when an elder
+brother has lost both his daughters in his old age, does the eldest
+daughter of the younger brother take the style of _Miss_ Smith, Jones,
+Brown, or Robinson, as the case may be?
+
+F. D., M.R.C.S.
+
+_Napoleon's Spelling._--Macaulay, in his _History of England_, chap. vii.,
+quotes, in a foot-note, a passage from a letter of William III., written in
+French to his ambassador at Paris, and then makes this remark, "The
+spelling is bad, but not worse than Napoleon's." {387}
+
+Can you refer me to some authentic proof of the fact that Napoleon was
+unable to spell correctly? It is well known that he affected to put his
+thoughts upon paper with great rapidity; and the consequence of this
+practice was, that in almost every word some letters were dropped, or their
+places indicated by dashes. But this was only one of those numerous
+contrivances, to which he was in the habit of resorting, in order to
+impress those around him with an idea of his greatness.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Trench on Proverbs._--Mr. Trench, in this excellent little work, states
+that the usual translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. is incorrect:
+
+    "Let me remind you of such [proverbs] also as the following, often
+    quoted or alluded to by Greek and Latin authors: _The net of the
+    sleeping (fisherman) takes_[3]; a proverb the more interesting, that we
+    have in the words of the Psalmist (Ps. cxxvii. 2.), were they
+    accurately translated, a beautiful and perfect parallel; 'He giveth his
+    beloved' (not 'sleep,' but) 'in their sleep;' his gifts gliding into
+    their bosoms, they knowing not how, and as little expecting as leaving
+    laboured for them."
+
+The Hebrew is [Hebrew: YTN LYDYDW SHN'], the literal translation of which,
+"He giveth (or, He will give) to his beloved sleep," seems to me to be
+correct.
+
+As Mr. Trench is a reader of "N. & Q.," perhaps he would have the kindness
+to mention in its pages the ground he has for his proposed translation.
+
+E. M. B.
+
+[Footnote 3: "[Greek: Heudonti kurtos hairei]. Dormienti rete trahit."]
+
+_Rings formerly worn by Ecclesiastics._--In describing the finger-ring
+found in the grave of the Venerable Bede, the writer of _A brief Account of
+Durham Cathedral_ adds,--
+
+    "No priest, during the reign of Catholicity, was buried or enshrined
+    without his ring."--P. 81.
+
+I have seen a similar statement elsewhere, and wish to ask, 1st, Were
+priests formerly buried with the ring? 2ndly, If so, was it a mere custom,
+or was it ordered or authorised by any rubric or canon of our old English
+Church?
+
+I am very strongly of opinion that such never was the custom, and that the
+statement above quoted has its origin in the confounding priests with
+bishops. Martene says, when speaking of the manner of burying bishops,--
+
+    "Episcopus debet habere annulum, quia sponsus est. Caeteri sacerdotes
+    non, quia sponsi non sunt, sed amici sponsi vel vicarii."--_De Antiquis
+    Ecclesiae Ritibus_, lib. III. cap. xii. n. 11.
+
+CEYREP.
+
+_Butler's "Lives of the Saints."_--Can any of your correspondents supply a
+correct list of the various editions of this popular work? The notices in
+Watt and Lowndes are very unsatisfactory.
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+_Marriage of Cousins._--It was asserted to me the other day that marriage
+with a _second_ cousin is, by the laws of England, illegal, and that
+succession to property has been lately barred to the issue of such
+marriage, though the union of _first_ cousins entails no such consequences.
+Is there any foundation for this statement?
+
+J. P.
+
+_Castle Thorpe_[4], _Bucks._--A traditional rhyme is current at this place
+which says that--
+
+  "If it hadn't been for Cobb-bush Hill,
+  Thorpe Castle would have stood there still."
+
+or the last line, according to another version,--
+
+  "There would have been a castle at Thorpe still."
+
+Now it appears from Lipscomb's _History_ of the county, that the castle was
+demolished by Fulke de Brent about 1215; how then can this tradition be
+explained?
+
+Cobb-bush Hill, I am told, is more than half a mile from the village.
+
+H. THOS. WAKE.
+
+[Footnote 4: Pronounced _Thrup_.]
+
+_Where was Edward II. killed?_--Hume and Lingard state that this monarch
+was murdered at Berkeley Castle. Echard and Rapin are silent, both as to
+the event and as to the locality. But an earlier authority, viz. Martyn, in
+his _Historie and Lives of Twentie Kings_, 1615, says:
+
+    "He was committed to the Castle of Killingworth, and Prince Edward was
+    crowned king. And not long after, the king being removed to the Castle
+    of Corff, was wickedly assayled by his keepers, who, through a horne
+    which they put in his," &c.
+
+What authority had Martyn for these statements?
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Encore._--Perhaps some correspondent of "N. & Q." can assign a reason why
+we use this French word in our theatres and concert rooms, to express our
+desire for the repetition of favourite songs, &c. I should also like to
+know at what period it was introduced.
+
+A. A.
+
+_Amcotts' Pedigree._--Can any of your correspondents supply me with a full
+pedigree of Amcotts of Astrop, co. Lincolnshire? I do not refer to the
+Visitations, but to the later descents of the family. The last heir male
+was, I believe, Vincent Amcotts, Esq., great-grandfather to the present Sir
+William Amcotts Ingilby, Bart. Elizabeth Amcotts, who married, 19th July,
+1684, John Toller, Esq., of Billingborough Hall in Lincolnshire, was one of
+this family, and I suppose aunt to Vincent Amcotts. I may mention, the
+calendars {388} of the Will Office at Lincoln have no entries of the name
+of Amcotts between 1670 and 1753.
+
+TEWARS.
+
+_Blue Bell--Blue Anchor._--A bell painted blue is a common tavern sign in
+this country (United States); and the blue anchor is also to be met with in
+many places. As these signs evidently had their origin in England, and one
+of them is alluded to in the old Scotch ballad "The Blue Bell of Scotland,"
+it seems to me that the best method to apply for information upon the
+subject is to ask "N. & Q." Are these signs of inns heraldic survivors of
+old time; are they corruptions of some other emblem, such as that which in
+London transformed _La Belle Sauvage_ into the _Bell Savage_, pictorialised
+by an Indian ringing a hand-bell; or is the choice of such improper colour
+as blue for a bell and an anchor a species of symbolism the meaning of
+which is not generally known?
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_"We've parted for the longest time."_--Would you insert these lines in
+your paper, the author of which I seek to know, as well as the remaining
+verses?
+
+  "We've parted for the longest time, we ever yet did part,
+  And I have felt the last wild throb of that enduring heart:
+  Thy cold and tear-wet cheek has lain for the last time to mine,
+  And I have pressed in agony those trembling lips of thine."
+
+R. JERMYN COOPER.
+
+The Rectory, Chiltington Hunt, Sussex.
+
+_Matthew Lewis._--Allow me to solicit information, through the medium of
+"N. & Q.," where I can see a pedigree of Matthew Lewis, Esq., Deputy
+Secretary of War for many years under the Right Hon. William Windham, then
+M.P. for Norwich, and other Secretaries-at-War. I rather think Mr. Lewis
+married a daughter of Sir Thomas Sewell, Kt., Master of the Rolls from 1764
+to 1784; and had a son, Matthew Gregory Lewis, known as _Monk_ Lewis, who
+was M.P. for Hindon at the close of the last century: a very clever but
+eccentric young man. I also believe Lieut.-Gen. John Whitelocke, and Gen.
+Sir Thos. Brownrigg, G.C.B., who died in 1838, were connected by marriage
+with the Sewell or Lewis families.
+
+C. H. F.
+
+_Paradise Lost._--In _A Treatise on the Dramatic Literature of the Greeks_,
+by the Rev. J. R. Darley, I read the following remark:
+
+    "In our own literature also, the efforts of our early dramatists were
+    directed to subjects derived from religion; even the _Paradise Lost_ is
+    composed of a series of minor pieces, originally cast in dramatic form,
+    of which the creation and fall of man, and the several episodes which
+    were introduced subordinately to these grand events, were the
+    subject-matter."
+
+This statement being at variance with the received opinion, that Milton,
+from his early youth, had meditated the composition of an epic poem, I
+would inquire whether there is any evidence to support Mr. Darley's view?
+Milton has been charged with having borrowed the design of _Paradise Lost_
+from some Italian author; and this allegation, coupled with that made by
+Mr. Darley, would, if founded, reduce our great national epic to what
+Hazlitt has described as "patchwork and plagiarism, the beggarly
+copiousness of borrowed wealth."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Colonel Hyde Seymour._--Who was "Colonel Hyde Seymour?" I find his name
+written in a book, _The Life of William the Third_, 1703.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire._--In Speed's plan of Richmond, in Yorkshire,
+is represented the mouth of a "vault that goeth under the river, and
+ascendeth up into the Castell." Was there ever such a vault, and how came
+it to be destroyed or lost sight of? One who knows Richmond well tells me
+that he never heard of it.
+
+O. L. R. G.
+
+_Poems published at Manchester._--Can any contributor to "N. & Q." inform
+me who was the author of a volume of _Poems on Several Occasions_,
+published by subscription at Manchester; printed for the author by R.
+Whitworth, in the year 1733? It is an 8vo. of 138 pages; has on the
+title-page a line from Ovid:
+
+  "Jure, tibi grates, candide lector, ago,"
+
+and begins with an "Address to all my Subscribers;" after which follow
+several pages of subscribers' names, which consist chiefly of Staffordshire
+and Cheshire gentry. My copy (for the possession of which I am indebted to
+the kindness of Dr. Bliss, the Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford) was
+formerly in the library of Mr. Heber, who has thus noted its purchase on
+the fly-leaf, "Feb. 1811, Ford, Manchester, 7s. 6d." Dr. Bliss has added,
+on the same fly-leaf, "Heber's fourth sale, No. 1908, not in the Bodleian
+Catalogue." The first poem in the book is "A Pastoral to the Memory of Sir
+Thomas Delves, Baronet." It is probably a scarce book; but possibly some of
+your book-learned correspondents may help me to the author's name.
+
+W. SNEYD.
+
+Denton.
+
+_Handel's Dettingen Te Deum._--Any information as to the circumstances
+under which Handel composed this celebrated _Te Deum_, and the place {389}
+and occasion of its first public performance, will be welcome to
+
+PHILO-HANDEL.
+
+_Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart._--As I believe myself (morally
+speaking) to be _lineally_ descended from the former of these celebrated
+men, and _collaterally_ from the latter, may I request that information may
+be forwarded me, either through your columns or by correspondence,
+regarding the descendants of the great poet and his ancestry; and also
+whether, among the many thousand volumes bequeathed by Sir Hans to the
+nation, some record does not exist tending to prove his genealogical
+descent? At present I know of no other pedigree than that Mr. Burke has
+given of him in his _Extinct Baronetage_. I shall feel exceedingly
+gratified if any assistance can be given me relating to these two families.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_The Ligurian Sage._--In Gifford's _Maeviad_, lines 313-316, I read,--
+
+  "Together we explored the stoic page
+  Of the Ligurian, stern tho' beardless sage!
+  Or trac'd the Aquinian thro' the Latin road,
+  And trembled at the lashes he bestow'd."
+
+The Aquinian is of course Juvenal; but I must confess me at fault with
+respect to the Ligurian.
+
+W. T. M.
+
+    [The Ligurian sage is no doubt Aulus Persius Flaccus, who, according to
+    ancient authors, was born at Volaterrae in Etruria; but some modern
+    writers conclude that he was born at Lunae Portus in Liguria, from the
+    following lines (Sat. VI. 6.), which seem to relate to the place of his
+    residence:
+
+                          "Mihi nunc Ligus ora
+      Intepet, hybernatque _meum_ mare, qua latus ingens
+      Dant scopuli, et multa littus se valle receptat.
+      _Lunai portum_ est operae cognoscere, cives."
+
+    When approaching the verge of manhood, Persius became the pupil of
+    Cornutus the Stoic, and his death took place before he had completed
+    his twenty-eighth year.]
+
+_Gresebrok in Yorkshire._--Can you or any of your correspondents give me
+any information as to what part of Yorkshire the manor of Gresebrok lies
+in? In Shaw's _History of Staffordshire_ (2 vols. folio), there is a
+"Bartholomew de Gresebrok" mentioned as witness to a deed of Henry III.'s
+times made between Robert de Grendon, Lord of Shenston, and Jno. de
+Baggenhall; which family of Gresebrok, it is said, "probably took their
+name from a _manor so called in Yorkshire_, and had property and residence
+in Shenstone, from this early period to the beginning of the century, many
+of whom are recorded in the registers from 1590 to 1722."
+
+The above is quoted by Shaw from Sanders's _History of Shenstone_, p. 98.,
+and perhaps some of your correspondents may possess that work, and will
+oblige me by transcribing the necessary information.
+
+Any particulars of the above family will much oblige your constant reader
+
+[Greek: Heraldikos.]
+
+    [According to Sanders, the family of Greisbrook was formerly of some
+    note at Shenstone. He says that "Greisbrook, whence the family had
+    their name, is a manor in Yorkshire, which, in the reign of Henry III.,
+    was in the great House of Mowbray, of whom the Greisbrooks held their
+    lands. Roger de Greisbrook (temp. Henry II.) is mentioned as holding of
+    the fee of Alice, Countess of Augie, or Ewe, daughter of William de
+    Albiney, Earl of Arundel, by Queen Alice, relict of Henry I." Then
+    follow some particulars of various branches of the family, from the
+    year 1580 to the death of Robert Greisbrook in 1718. Sanders's History
+    is included in vol. ix. of _Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica_.]
+
+_Stillingfleet's Library._--The extensive and valuable library of Edward
+Stillingfleet, the learned Bishop of Worcester, who died in 1699, is said
+to be contained in the library of Primate Marsh, St. Patrick's, Dublin. Can
+any of your correspondents state how it came there? Was it bequeathed by
+the bishop, or sold by his descendants? He died at Westminster, and was
+buried in Worcester Cathedral.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+    [Bishop Stillingfleet's library was purchased by Archbishop Marsh for
+    his public library in Dublin. A few years since Robert Travers, Esq.,
+    M.D., of Dundrum near Dublin, was engaged in preparing for publication
+    a catalogue of Stillingfleet's printed books, amounting to near 10,000
+    volumes. The bishop's MSS. were bought by the late Earl of Oxford, and
+    are now in the Harleian Collection. See _The Life of Bishop
+    Stillingfleet_, 8vo., 1735, p. 135., and _Biog. Brit._ s. v.]
+
+_The whole System of Law._--On December 26, 1651, the Long Parliament,
+stimulated by Cromwell to various important reforms in civil matters,
+resolved,--
+
+    "That it be referred to persons out of the House to take into
+    consideration what inconveniences there are in the law, and how the
+    mischiefs that grow from the delays, the chargeableness, and the
+    irregularities in the proceedings of the law, may be prevented; and the
+    speediest way to reform the same."
+
+The commission thus appointed consisted twenty-one persons, among whom were
+Sir Mathew Hale, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and John Rushworth. They seem
+to have set to work with great vigour, and submitted a variety of important
+measures to Parliament, many of which were {390} adopted. They also
+prepared a document "containing the whole system of the law," which was
+read to the House on January 20 and 21, 1652; and it was resolved "That
+three hundred copies of the said book be forthwith printed, to be delivered
+to members of the Parliament only."
+
+Is anything known of this work at the present day?
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+    [It appears doubtful whether this work was ever printed, for in a
+    pamphlet published April 27, 1653, entitled _A Supply to a Draught of
+    an Act or System proposed (as is reported) by the Committee for
+    Regulations concerning the Law_, &c., the writer thus notices
+    it:--"Having _lately heard_ of some propositions called 'The System of
+    the Law,' which are said to be intended preparatives to several Acts of
+    Parliament touching the regulation of the law, we cannot but with
+    thankfulness acknowledge the care and industry of those worthy persons
+    who contrived the same, it containing many good and wholesome
+    provisions for the future perpetual good and quiet of the nation.... We
+    know not, at present, wherein we could give a more visible testimony of
+    our affections to the peaceable government of the free people here,
+    than by offering to them and the supreme authority, what we humbly
+    conceive prejudicial and inconvenient to well-government, in case that
+    System (_as it is said to be now prepared_) should take effect." A week
+    before the publication of this work, the Long Parliament had been
+    turned out of doors by Cromwell.]
+
+_Saint Malachy on the Popes._--Saint Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, who
+flourished in the first half of the twelfth century, is said to be the
+author of a curious prophecy respecting the Popes. Some years ago I met
+with this prophecy in an old French almanack, and was particularly struck
+with its applicability to the life and character of the present Pope; but I
+omitted to make a Note.
+
+Can you inform me where I may find a copy of this prophecy?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+    [St. Malachy's hieroglyphical descriptions or prophecy on the
+    succession of Roman Pontiffs will be found in _Flosculi Historici
+    delibati nunc delibatiores redditi, sive Historia Universalis_; Auctore
+    Joanne de Bussieres, Societatis Jesu Sacerdote, Oxon. 1668. An
+    explanation of each prophecy is given from the pontificate of Celestus
+    II. A.D. 1143, to that of Innocent X. A.D. 1644. The present Pope being
+    the nineteenth from Innocent X., the following prophecy relates to him,
+    "Crux de Cruce." We subjoin the remainder: 20. Lumen in coelo. 21.
+    Ignis ardens. 22. Religio depopulata. 23. Fides intrepida. 24. Pastor
+    angelicus. 25. Pastor et nauta. 26. Flos Florum. 27. De medietate lunae.
+    28. De labore solis. 29 Gloria Olivae. St. Malachy concludes his
+    prophecy with the following prediction of the downfall of the Roman
+    Church: "In persecutione extrema Sacrae Romanae Ecclesiae sedebit Petrus
+    Romanus, qui pascet oves in multis tribulationibus; quibus transactis
+    civitas septicollis diruetur, et Judex tremendus judicabit populum."]
+
+_Work on the Human Figure._--A few years ago there was a little work
+published on _Dress and the Art of improving the Human Figure_, by (I
+believe) a nobleman's valet: I wish to consult this for a literary purpose,
+and should be much obliged to any of your readers who can favour me with
+the exact title and date.
+
+CHARLES DEMAYNE.
+
+    [The following two works on dress appear in the _London Catalogue:--The
+    Whole Art of Dress_, by a Country Officer, 12mo. Lond. 1830; and _The
+    Art of Dress, or a Guide to the Toilette_, fcp. 8vo., Lond. 1839.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+"NAMBY-PAMBY," AND OTHER WORDS OF THE SAME FORM.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 318.)
+
+The origin of the word _namby-pamby_ is explained in the following passage
+of Johnson's _Life of Ambrose Philips_:
+
+    "The pieces that please best are those which from Pope and Pope's
+    adherents procured him the name of _namby-pamby_, the poems of short
+    lines, by which he paid his court to all ages and characters--from
+    Walpole, 'the steerer of the realm,' to Miss Pulteney in the nursery.
+    The numbers are smooth and sprightly, and the diction is seldom faulty.
+    They are not loaded with much thought, yet, if they had been written by
+    Addison, they would have had admirers. Little things are not valued but
+    when they are done by those who can do greater."
+
+In the _Treatise on the Bathos_, the _infantine_ style is exclusively
+exemplified by passages from Ambrose Philips:
+
+    "This [says Pope] is when a poet grows so very simple as to think and
+    talk like a child. I shall take my examples from the greatest master in
+    this way: hear how he fondles like a mere stammerer:
+
+      'Little charm of placid mien,
+      Miniature of Beauty's queen,
+      Hither, British Muse of mine,
+      Hither, all ye Grecian nine,
+      With the lovely Graces three,
+      And your pretty nursling see.
+      When the meadows next are seen,
+      Sweet enamel, white and green;
+      When again the lambkins play,
+      Pretty sportlings full of May,
+      Then the neck so white and round,
+      (Little neck with brilliants bound)
+      And thy gentleness of mind,
+      (Gentle from a gentle kind), &c.
+      Happy thrice, and thrice again,
+      Happiest he of happy men,' &c.
+
+    And the rest of those excellent lullabies of his composition."--C. xi.
+
+These verses are stated by Warburton, in his note on the passage, to be
+taken from a poem to {391} Miss Cuzzona. They are however in fact selected
+from two poems addressed to daughters of Lord Carteret, and are put
+together arbitrarily, out of the order in which they stand in the original
+poems. There is a short poem by Philips in the same metre, addressed to
+Signora Cuzzoni, and dated May 25, 1724, beginning, "Little syren of the
+stage;" but none of the verses quoted in the _Treatise on the Bathos_ are
+extracted from it.
+
+_Namby-pamby_ belongs to a tolerably numerous class of words in our
+language, all formed on the same rhyming principle. They are all familiar,
+and some of them childish; which last circumstance probably suggested to
+Pope the invention of the word _namby-pamby_, in order to designate the
+infantine style which Ambrose Philips had introduced. Many of them,
+however, are used by old and approved writers; and the principle upon which
+they are formed must be of great antiquity in our language. The following
+is a collection of words which are all formed in this manner:
+
+_Bow-wow._--A word coined in imitation of a dog's bark. Compare the French
+_aboyer_.
+
+_Chit-chat._--Formed by reduplication from _chat_. A word (says Johnson)
+used in ludicrous conversation. It occurs in the _Spectator_ and _Tatler_.
+
+_Fiddle-faddle._--Formed in a similar manner from _to fiddle_, in its sense
+of _to trifle_. It occurs in the _Spectator_.
+
+_Flim-flam._--An old word, of which examples are cited from Beaumont and
+Fletcher, and Swift. It is formed from _flam_, which Johnson calls "a cant
+word of no certain etymology." _Flam_, for a lie, a cheat, is however used
+by South, Barrow, and Warburton, and therefore at one time obtained an
+admission into dignified style. See Nares' _Glossary_ in v.
+
+_Hab or nab._--That is, according to Nares, have or have not; subsequently
+abridged into _hab, nab_. _Hob or nob_ is explained by him to mean "Will
+you have a glass of wine or not?" _Hob, nob_ is applied by Shakspeare to
+another alternative, viz. give or take (_Twelfth Night_, Act III. Sc. 4.).
+See Nares in v. _Habbe or Nabbe_.
+
+_Handy-dandy._--"A play in which children change hands and places"
+(Johnson). Formed from hand. The word is used by Shakspeare.
+
+_Harum-scarum._--"A low but frequent expression applied to flighty persons;
+persons always in a hurry" (Todd). Various conjectures are offered
+respecting its origin: the most probable seems to be, that it is derived
+from _scare_. The Anglo-Saxon word _hearmsceare_ means punishment (see
+Grimm, _Deutsche Rechtsalterthuemer_, p. 681.); but although the similarity
+of sound is remarkable, it is difficult to understand how _harum-scarum_
+can be connected with it.
+
+_Helter-skelter._--Used by Shakspeare. Several derivations for this word
+are suggested, but none probable.
+
+_Higgledy-piggledy._--"A cant word, corrupted from _higgle_, which denotes
+any confused mass, as _higglers_ carry a huddle of provisions together"
+(Johnson). It seems more probable that the word is formed from _pig_; and
+that it alludes to the confused and indiscriminate manner in which pigs lie
+together. In other instances (as _chit-chat_, _flim-flam_, _pit-a-pat_,
+_shilly-shally_, _slip-slop_, and perhaps _harum-scarum_), the word which
+forms the basis of the rhyming reduplication stands second, and not first.
+
+_Hocus-pocus._--The words _ocus bochus_ appear, from a passage cited in
+Todd, to have been used anciently by Italian conjurers. The fanciful idea
+of Tillotson, that _hocus-pocus_ is a corruption of the words _hoc est
+corpus_, is well known. Compare Richardson _in v._
+
+_Hoddy-doddy._--This ancient word has various meanings (see Richardson _in
+v._). As used by Ben Jonson and Swift, it is expressive of contempt. In
+Holland's translation of Pliny it signifies a snail. There is likewise a
+nursery rhyme or riddle:
+
+    "Hoddy-doddy,
+  All legs and no body."
+
+_Hodge-podge_ appears to be a corruption of _hotch-pot_. It occurs in old
+writers. (See Richardson in _Hotch-pot_.)
+
+_Hoity-toity._--Thoughtless, giddy. Formed from the old word _to hoit_, to
+dance or leap, to indulge in riotous mirth. See Nares in _Hoit_ and _Hoyt_.
+
+_Hubble-bubble._--A familiar word, formed from _bubble_. Not in the
+dictionaries.
+
+_Hubbub._--Used by Spenser, and other good writers. Richardson derives it
+from _hoop_ or _whoop_, shout or yell. It seems rather a word formed in
+imitation of the confused inarticulate noise produced by the mixture of
+numerous voices, like _mur-mur_ in Latin.
+
+_Hugger-mugger._--Used by Spenser, Shakspeare, and other old writers. The
+etymology is uncertain. Compare Jamieson in _Hudge-mudge_. The latter part
+of the word seems to be allied with _smuggle_, and the former part to be
+the reduplication. The original and proper sense of hugger-mugger is
+secretly. See Nares _in v._, who derives it from _to hugger_, to lurk
+about; but query whether such a word can be shown to have existed?
+
+_Humpty-dumpty._--Formed from _hump_. This word occurs in the nursery
+rhyme:
+
+  "_Humpty-dumpty_ sat on a wall,
+  _Humpty-dumpty_ had a great fall," &c.
+
+_Hurdy-gurdy._--The origin of this word, which is quoted from no writer
+earlier than Foote, has not been explained. See Todd _in v._
+
+_Hurly-burly._--This old word occurs in the well-known verses in the
+opening scene of _Macbeth_--
+
+  "When the _hurly burly's_ done,
+  When the battle's lost and won"--
+
+{392} where see the notes of the commentators for other instances of it.
+There are rival etymologies for this word, but all uncertain. The French
+has _hurlu-burlu_. Nares in _Hurly_.
+
+_Hurry-scurry._--This word, formed from _hurry_, is used by Gray in his
+_Long Story_.
+
+_Nick-nack._--A small ornament. Not in the dictionaries.
+
+_Pic-nic._--For the derivation of this word, which seems to be of French
+origin, see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 240. 387.
+
+_Pit-pat, or Pit-a-pat._--A word formed from _pat_, and particularly
+applied to the pulsations of the heart, when accelerated by emotion. Used
+by Ben Jonson and Dryden. Congreve writes it _a-pit-pat_.
+
+_Riff-raff._--The refuse of anything, "Il ne lui lairra rif ny raf."
+Cotgrave in _Rif_, where _rif_ is said to mean nothing.
+
+_Rolly-pooly._--"A sort of game" (Johnson). It is now used as the name of a
+pudding rolled with sweetmeat.
+
+_Rowdy-dowdy, and Rub-a-dub._--Words formed in imitation of the beat of a
+drum.
+
+_Shilly-shally._--Used by Congreve, and formerly written "shill I, shall
+I."
+
+_Slip-slop._--"Bad liquor. A low word, formed by reduplication of _slop_"
+(Johnson). Now generally applied to errors in pronunciation, arising from
+ignorance and carelessness, like those of Mrs. Malaprop in _The Rivals_.
+
+_Tip-top._--Formed from _top_, like _slip-slop_ from _slop_.
+
+_Tirra-lirra._--Used by Shakspeare:
+
+  "The lark that _tirra lirra_ chants."--_Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 2.
+
+From the French, see Nares _in v._
+
+The preceding collection is intended merely to illustrate the principle
+upon which this class of words are formed, and does not aim at
+completeness. Some of your correspondents will doubtless, if they are
+disposed, be able to supply other examples of the same mode of formation.
+
+L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EARL OF OXFORD.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 292.)
+
+S. N. will find the Earl's answer in a volume, not very common now,
+entitled _A Compleat and Impartial History of the Impeachments of the Last
+Ministry_, London, 8vo., 1716. The charge respecting the creation of twelve
+peers in one day formed the 16th article of the impeachment. I inclose a
+copy of the answer, if not too long for your pages.
+
+G.
+
+    "In answer to the 16th article, the said Earl doth insist, that by the
+    laws and constitution of this realm, it is the undoubted right and
+    prerogative of the Sovereign, who is the fountain of honor, to create
+    peers of this realm, as well in time of Parliament as when there is no
+    Parliament sitting or in being; and that the exercise of this branch of
+    the prerogative is declared in the form or preamble of all patents of
+    honor, to proceed _ex mero motu_, as an act of mere grace and favor,
+    and that such acts are not done as many other acts of public nature
+    are, by and with the advice of the Privy Council; or as acts of pardon
+    usually run, upon a favorable representation of several circumstances,
+    or upon reports from the Attorney-General or other officers, that such
+    acts are lawful or expedient, or for the safety or advantage of the
+    Crown; but flows entirely from the beneficent and gracious disposition
+    of the Sovereign. He farther says, that neither the warrants for
+    patents of honor, the bills or other engrossments of such patents, are
+    at any time communicated to the council or the treasury, as several
+    other patents are; and therefore the said Earl, either as High
+    Treasurer or Privy Councillor, could not have any knowledge of the
+    same: Nevertheless, if her late sacred Majesty had thought fit to
+    acquaint him with her most gracious intentions of creating any number
+    of peers of this realm, and had asked his opinion, whether the persons
+    whom she then intended to create were persons proper to have been
+    promoted to that dignity, he does believe he should have highly
+    approved her Majesty's choice; and does not apprehend that in so doing
+    he had been guilty of any breach of his duty, or violation of the trust
+    in him reposed; since they were all persons of honor and distinguished
+    merit, and the peerage thereby was not greatly increased, considering
+    some of those created would have been peers by descent, and many noble
+    families were then lately extinct: And the said Earl believes many
+    instances may be given where this prerogative hath been exercised by
+    former princes of this realm, in as extensive a manner; and
+    particularly in the reigns of King Henry the Eighth, King James the
+    First, and his late Majesty King William. The said Earl begs leave to
+    add, that in the whole course of his life he hath always loved the
+    established constitution, and in his private capacity as well as in all
+    public stations, when he had the honor to be employed, has ever done
+    his utmost to preserve it, and shall always continue so to do."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTS' HOUSES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 264.)
+
+The mention there made of the recent discovery of one of these subterranean
+vaults or passages in Aberdeenshire, induces me to ask a question in regard
+to two subterranean passages which have lately been discovered in
+Berwickshire, and which so far differ from all others that I have heard or
+read of, that whereas all of them seem to have been built at the sides with
+large flat stones, and roofed with similar ones, and then covered with
+earth, those which I am about to mention are both hewn out of the solid
+rock. They are both situated in the Lammermoor range of hills. Those
+persons who have seen them are at a loss to know for what {393} purpose
+they could have been excavated, unless for the purpose of sepulture in the
+times of the aborigines, or of very early inhabitants of Britain, as they
+in many respects resemble those stone graves which are mentioned in
+Worsaae's _Description of the Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark_, translated
+and applied to the illustration of similar remains in England by Mr. Thoms.
+
+One of these cavities is situated on a remote pasture farm, among the hills
+belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale, called Braidshawrigg; and was
+discovered by a shepherd very near his own house, within less than a
+quarter of a mile up a small stream which runs past it, and on the opposite
+side of the water, a few yards up the steep hill. The shepherd had observed
+for some time that one of his dogs was in the habit of going into what he
+supposed to be a rabbit hole at this place, and when he was missing and
+called, he generally came out of this hole. At last, curiosity led his
+master to take a spade and dig into it; and he soon found that, after
+digging down into the soil to the rock, the cavity became larger, and had
+evidently been the work of human hands. Information was given to Lord
+Lauderdale, and the rubbish was cleared away. It (the rubbish) did not
+extend far in, and after that the passage was clear. The excavation
+consists of a passage cut nearly north and south (the entrance being to the
+south) through various strata of solid rocks, partly grauwacke, (or what is
+there called _whinstone_), and partly grey slate: the strata lying east and
+west, and nearly vertical. The whole length of it is seventy-four feet.
+From the entrance the passage, for four or five yards, slopes downwards
+into the hill; it then runs horizontally the length of sixty-three feet
+from the entrance, when it changes its direction at right angles to the
+westward for a distance of eleven feet; when it ends with the solid rock.
+It is regularly from three feet four inches to three feet six inches wide,
+and about seven feet high, the ceiling being somewhat circular. The floor
+is the rock cut square. The time and labour must have been great to cut
+this passage, as not more than one man could conveniently quarry the rock
+at the same time. It might have been supposed that this was a level to a
+mine, as copper has been worked in this range farther eastward; but the
+passage does not follow any vein, but cuts across all the strata, and keeps
+a straight line, till it turns westward, and then in another straight line;
+and the floors, sides, and roof are all made quite regular and even with a
+pickaxe or a hammer. There does not appear to have been at any time any
+other habitation than the shepherd's house, and another cottage a little
+lower down the stream, in the neighbourhood. The discovery of this cavern
+recalled to the recollection of myself, and some of my family, that a few
+years ago, in cutting a road through the rock into a whinstone quarry,
+about four miles south of Braidshawrigg, near a mill, we had cut across the
+east end of a passage somewhat similar to the one before mentioned, but
+running east and west; that we had cleared it out for a short way, but as
+it then went under a corner of one of the houses belonging to the mill, we
+stopped, for fear of bringing down the building, as this passage, though
+cut out of the solid rock, was not a mine, but had been worked to the
+surface; and, if it ever had been used for purposes of sepulture, must have
+been roofed with flagstones, and then covered with earth like other Picts'
+houses. But these roof-stones must have been carried away, and the whole
+trench was filled with rubbish, and all trace of it on the surface was
+obliterated. This passage we have lately opened, and cleared out. To the
+westward it passes into the adjoining water-mill, which is itself in great
+part formed by excavation of the rock; and the east wall of the upper part
+of the mill is arched over the passage. Beyond the west wall of the mill
+which adjoins the stream, there is a continuation of the trench through the
+rock down to the water, which serves to take away that which passes over
+the millwheel at right angles to where the rock has been cut away to make
+room for the millwheel itself. That which has been cut away in making the
+trench, is a seam of clay slate about three feet six inches in breadth,
+between two solid whinstone rocks. The length of the passage, from the east
+end, which terminated in rock, to the mill, is sixty-three feet. The mill
+is thirty feet, and the cut beyond it twelve feet: in all, one hundred and
+five feet. The average depth is about twelve feet; but as it slopes down to
+the stream, some of it is sixteen feet deep. It has been suggested that it
+might have been dug out in order to obtain the coarse slate; but the
+difficulty of working a confined seam like this, in any other way than by
+picking it out piecemeal with immense labour, seems impossible. It can
+never have been meant to convey water to the mill, as the highest part
+begins in the solid rock, and the object must always have been to keep the
+water on the highest possible level, until it reached the top of the
+millwheel. Nothing was found in either of these excavations.--After this
+long discussion, Query, What can have been the purpose for which these
+laborious works can have been executed?
+
+J. S. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRONUNCIATION OF "HUMBLE."
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 229. 298.)
+
+It is my misfortune entirely to differ from MR. DAWSON (p. 229.) and MR.
+CROSSLEY (p. 298.) as to the pronunciation of _humble_; and permit me to
+say (with all courtesy) that I was unfeignedly surprised at the latter's
+assertion, that sounding {394} the _h_ is "a recent attempt to introduce a
+mispronunciation," as I have known that mode of pronunciation all but
+universally prevalent for nearly the last forty years; and I have had
+pretty good opportunities for observing what the general usage in that
+respect was, as I was for some years at a very large public school, then at
+Oxford for more than the usual time, and have since resided in London more
+than twenty-five years, practising as a barrister in Westminster Hall, and
+on one of the largest circuits. If, therefore, I have not had ample means
+of judging as to the pronunciation of _humble_, I know not where the means
+are to be found; especially as I doubt whether _humble_ and _humbly_ are
+anywhere so frequently used as in courts: a counsel rarely making a speech
+without "_humbly_ submitting" or making a "_humble_ application." Now the
+result of my experience is, that the _h_ is almost universally sounded; and
+at this moment I cannot call to mind a single gentleman who omits it, who
+does not also omit it in many other instances where no doubt can exist that
+it ought to be sounded.
+
+MR. DAWSON believes the sounding the _h_ to be "one of those, either
+Oxford, or Cambridge, or both, peculiarities of which no reasonable
+explanation can be given." Now I believe MR. DAWSON is right in supposing
+that that usage is general both at Oxford and Cambridge, and I rather think
+that not only an explanation of the fact may be given, but that the fact
+itself, that in both the Universities the _h_ is sounded, is extremely
+cogent evidence that it is correct. It cannot be doubted that the fact that
+a word is spelled with certain letters is clear proof that, at the time
+when that spelling was adopted, the word was so sounded as to give a
+distinct sound to each of the letters used, and that clearly must have been
+the case with words beginning with _h_ especially. When, therefore, the
+present spelling of _humble_ was adopted, the _h_ was sounded. Now, whilst
+I freely admit that the utterance of any word may be changed--"Si volet
+usus, quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi"--still it cannot
+be questioned that the usage must be so general, clear, and distinct among
+the better educated classes (where-ever they may have received their
+education) as to leave no reasonable doubt about the matter; and that it
+lies on those who assert that such a change has taken place, to show such a
+usage as I have mentioned. And when the number of the members of the
+Universities is considered, and their position as men of education, it must
+at least admit of doubt whether, if a general usage prevailed among them to
+pronounce a particular word in the manner in which it originally was
+pronounced, this would not alone prevent a different pronunciation among
+others from having that general prevalence, which would be sufficient to
+justify a change in the utterance of such word.
+
+But let us consider whether the usage of the Universities is not very
+cogent evidence that the _h_ is generally sounded throughout England, 1.
+Each University contains a large number of the higher and better educated
+classes. 2. The members come from all parts of England indiscriminately. 3.
+Infinitely the majority come from schools; and some of the large schools
+have generally many members at each University. By such persons the
+pronunciation of the schools cannot fail to be represented. 4. Every one on
+entering the University is expected at least to know his own language. 5.
+There is no instruction, as far as I know (however much the fact may be to
+be regretted), ever given in English at either University. 6. There is a
+perpetual change of about a third of the members every year, few remaining
+above three years. Now can any one, who candidly considers these facts,
+doubt that a usage in pronouncing a particular word at _either_ University
+if generally prevalent, is very strong evidence that the same usage is
+generally prevalent throughout England; but if any one does entertain such
+a doubt, surely it must be done away, when he finds that the same usage
+prevails at _both_ Universities; though there exists such a degree of
+rivalry between them as would prevent the one from adopting from the other
+any usage which was liable to any the least doubt, and though there is no
+communication between them that could account for the same usage prevailing
+in both.
+
+MR. CROSSLEY appeals to the Prayer Book as a decisive authority, and
+instances "an _humble_," &c. If any one will examine the Prayer Book, he
+will find that it is no authority at all; as "an" is at least as often used
+erroneously before _h_ as not. In reading over the first sixty-eight
+Psalms, I found the following instances--Ps. xxvii. 3. and Ps. xxxiii. 15.,
+"An host of men;" Ps. xlvii. 4. and Ps. lxi. 5., "An heritage;" Ps. xlix.
+18., "An happy man," Ps. lv. 5., "An horrible dread;" Ps. lxviii. 15., "An
+high hill." And in the same Psalms I only found _one_ instance of _a_
+before _h_, viz. in Ps. xxxiii. 16., "A horse;" and in this case the Bible
+version has "An horse." In the first Lesson for the 19th Sunday after
+Trinity, Dan. iii. 4., "An herald," and 27., "An hair of their head,"
+occur; and in the next chapter (iv. 13.), "An holy one." It is plain from
+these instances (and doubtless many others may be found), that the use of
+"an" before _h_, in the Bible or Prayer Book, can afford no test whatever
+whether the _h_ ought to be sounded or not.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+After the sensible Note of your correspondent E. H., it is perhaps hardly
+necessary to say more on the subject of aspirated and mute _h_. If these
+remarks, therefore, seem superfluous, they may easily be suppressed, and
+that too without any offence to the writer. {395}
+
+It is very dangerous to dogmatise on the English language. We really have
+no authority to which we can confidently appeal, except the usage of good
+society: "Quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi."
+Unfortunately, however, every man is convinced, that in _his own_ society
+that usage is to be found; and your correspondents, who have agreed in
+approving the _Heapian_ pronunciation, will probably, on that ground, still
+retain the same opinion.
+
+The only words in the English language, in which _h_ is written, but not
+pronounced, are words derived from Latin through the French; but of these,
+many in English retain the aspirate, though in French nearly all lose it.
+The exceptions collected by E. H. satisfactorily prove that we do not
+follow the French rule implicitly. They indeed carry the non-aspiration
+farther than to words of Latin derivation. They omit the aspirate to nearly
+all words derived from Greek. This we never do. I think that E. H.'s rule,
+of always aspirating _h_ before _u_, is not entirely without exceptions.
+Except in Ireland, I never heard _humour_ or _humorous_ aspirated, though
+in _humid_ and _humect_ the _h_ is always sounded. If this be right, it
+depends solely on the usage of good society, and not on rules laid down by
+Walker or Lindley Murray, whose authority we do _not_ acknowledge as
+infallible. I may here remark, that no arguments can be drawn from our
+Liturgy or translation of the Bible that would not prove too much. If,
+because we find in our Liturgy "an _humble_, lowly, and obedient heart," we
+are to read "an _'umble_," we must also read "an 'undred, an 'ouse, an
+'eap, an 'eart;" for _an_ was prefixed in our Liturgy as well as in our
+translated Bible to _every_ word beginning with _h_, and not (as one of
+your correspondents supposes) only to words beginning with silent _h_.
+Among young clergymen there is a growing habit (derived I suppose from
+Walker, or other such sources) of indulging in the _Heapian_ dialect. I
+think Mr. Dickens will have done us more good by his ridicule, than will
+ever be effected by serious arguments; and I feel as much obliged to him as
+to E. H. To show how dangerous it is to be bound by a mere grammarian
+authority, a disciple of Vaugelas or Restaut (no insignificant names in
+French philology) would be led to read _les heros_ as if it were "les
+zeros."
+
+E. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 220.)
+
+I can answer MR. WELD TAYLOR for at least one public school having no
+library, nor any books for other purposes than tasks, _i.e._ Christ's
+Hospital, London: whether any other metropolitan schools are provided with
+books I do not know. When I was at the above school, at all events, we had
+no books except for learning out of; whether reform has crept in since I
+was there, twenty-five years ago, I cannot say. I speak of then, not now.
+
+I remember very well a dusty cupboard with "Read, Mark, Learn," painted in
+ostentatious letters on it. And these profound words were just like a park
+gate with high iron railings, where you may peep in and get no farther--no
+more could we: for we never saw the inside of it, and nobody could say
+where the key was, therefore what flowery _pleasaunce_ of knowledge it
+contained nobody perhaps knows to this day. I also remember how greedily
+any entertaining book was borrowed, begged, and circulated; and thumbed and
+dog's-eared to admiration. _Rasselas_ and _Gulliver's Travels_, _Robinson
+Crusoe_, or _Sandford and Merton_, poor things! they became at last what
+might be supposed a public arsenal of umbrellas would at the last.
+
+When I reflect on that time, and the dreary winter's evenings, trundled to
+bed almost by daylight, my very heart sinks. What a luxury if some
+Christian had been allowed to read aloud for an hour, instead of lying
+awake studying the ghastly lamp that swung from the ceiling in the
+dormitory; or if some one with a modicum of information had given half an
+hour's lecture on some entertaining branch of science. Perhaps these
+antique schools are reformed in some measure, or perhaps they are waiting
+till their betters are.
+
+I observe, however, that certain parish work-house schools have, within
+these few days, taken the hint. Perhaps our public schools, for some are
+very wealthy, may be able to afford to follow their example.
+
+E. H.
+
+Wimborne Minster, Dorset.
+
+Marlborough College possesses a library of about four thousand volumes,
+entirely the munificent contribution of Mr. M^cGeachy, one of the council.
+The boys of the fifth and sixth forms are allowed access daily at certain
+fixed hours, the librarian being present. In addition to this, libraries
+are now being formed in each house, which are maintained by small
+half-yearly subscriptions, and which will contain books of a more amusing
+character, and better suited for the younger boys.
+
+B. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--If this subject be not already exhausted, the
+following account of my method of preparing the material in question, which
+differs in some few important particulars from any I have seen published,
+may be of interest to some of my brother operators. {396}
+
+I have, after a very considerable number of experiments, succeeded in
+producing the _very highly_ varnished appearance so conspicuous in some of
+the foreign proofs; and although I cannot say I admire it in general, more
+especially as regards landscapes, yet it is sometimes very effective for
+portraits, giving a depth of tone to the shadows, and a roundness to the
+flesh, which is very striking. Moreover, a photographer may just as well be
+acquainted with every kind of manipulation connected with the art.
+
+Having but a very moderate amount of spare time, and that at uncertain
+intervals, to devote to this seductive pursuit, I am always a great
+stickler for _economy of time_ in all the processes, as well as for economy
+of material, the former with me having, perhaps, a shade more influence
+than the latter.
+
+As in all other processes, I find that the _kind of paper_ made use of has
+a most important bearing upon the result. That which I find the best is of
+French manufacture, known as Canson Freres' (both the thin and the thick
+sorts), probably in consequence of their being sized with starch. The thin
+sort (the same as is generally used for waxed-paper negatives) takes the
+highest polish, but more readily embrowns after being rendered sensitive,
+and the lights are not ever quite so white as when the positive paper is
+used.
+
+In order to save both time and labour, I prepare my papers in the _largest_
+sizes that circumstances will admit of, as it takes little or no more time
+to prepare and render sensitive a large sheet than a small one; and as I
+always apply the silver solution by means of the glass rod, I find that a
+half-sheet of Canson's paper (being seventeen inches by eleven inches the
+half-sheet) is the best size to operate on. If the whole sheet is used, it
+requires _more_ than double the quantity of solution to ensure its being
+properly covered, which additional quantity is simply so much waste.
+
+A most convenient holder for the paper whilst being operated upon, is one
+suggested by Mr. Horne of Newgate Street, and consists of a piece of
+half-inch Quebec yellow pine plank (a soft kind of deal), eleven inches by
+seventeen inches, screwed to a somewhat larger piece of the same kind, but
+with the grain of the wood at right angles to the upper piece, in order to
+preserve a perfectly flat surface. On to the upper piece is glued a
+covering of japanned-flannel, such as is used for covering tables, taking
+care to select for the purpose that which has no raised pattern, the
+imitation of rosewood or mahogany being unexceptionable on that account.
+The paper can be readily secured to the arrangement alluded to by means of
+a couple of pins, one at each of two opposite angles, the wood being
+sufficiently soft to admit of their ready penetration.
+
+_To prepare the Albumen._--Take the white of _one_ egg; this dissolve in
+one ounce of distilled water, two grains of chloride of sodium (common
+salt), and two grains of _grape_ sugar; mix with the egg, whip the whole to
+froth, and allow it to stand until it again liquefies. The object of this
+operation is to thoroughly incorporate the ingredients, and render the
+whole as homogeneous as possible.
+
+A variety in the resulting tone is produced by using ten grains of sugar of
+milk instead of the grape sugar.
+
+The albumen mixture is then laid on to the paper by means of a flat
+camel's-hair brush, about three inches broad, the mixture being first
+poured into a cheese plate, or other flat vessel, and all froth and bubbles
+carefully removed from the surface. Four longitudinal strokes with such a
+brush, if properly done, will cover the whole half-sheet of paper with an
+even thin film; but in case there are any lines formed, the brush may be
+passed very lightly over it again in a direction at right angles to the
+preceding. The papers should then be allowed to remain on a perfectly level
+surface until nearly dry, when they may be suspended for a few minutes
+before the fire, to complete the operation. In this condition the glass is
+but moderate, and as is generally used; but if, after the first drying
+before the fire, the papers are again subjected to precisely the same
+process, the negative paper will shine like polished glass. That is coated
+again with the albumenizing mixture, and dried as before.
+
+One egg, with the ounce of water, &c., is enough to cover five half-sheets
+with two layers, or five whole sheets with one.
+
+I rarely iron my papers, as I do not find any advantage therein, because
+the moment the silver solution is applied the albumen becomes coagulated,
+and I cannot discover the slightest difference in the final result, except
+that when the papers are ironed I sometimes find flaws and spots occur from
+some carelessness in the ironing process.
+
+If the albumenized paper is intended to be kept for any _long_ time before
+use, the ironing may be useful as a protection against moisture, provided
+the _iron be sufficiently hot_; but the temperature ought to be
+considerable.
+
+To render the paper sensitive, I use a hundred-grain solution of nitrate of
+silver, of which forty-five minims will exactly cover the sheet of
+seventeen inches by eleven inches, if laid on with the glass rod. A weaker
+solution will do, but with the above splendid tints may be produced. As to
+the ammonio-nitrate of silver, I have totally abandoned its use, and, after
+many careful experiments, I am satisfied that its extra sensitiveness is a
+delusion, while the rapid tendency of paper prepared with it to spoil is
+increased tenfold.
+
+The fixing, of course, modifies considerably the tone of the proof, but
+almost any desired shade {397} may be attained by following the plan of MR.
+F. M. LYTE, published in "N. & Q.," provided the negative is sufficiently
+intense to admit of a considerable degree of over-printing.
+
+It is a fact which appears to be entirely overlooked by many operators,
+that the _intensity_ of the negative is the chief agent in conducing to
+black tones in the positive proof; and it is almost impossible to produce
+them if the negative is poor and weak: and the same observation applies to
+a negative that has been _over_-exposed.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_Cement for Glass Baths._--The best I have tried is Canada balsam. My baths
+I have had in use five years, and have used them for exciting, developing
+hypo. and cyanide, and are as good as when first used.
+
+NOXID.
+
+_New Process for Positive Proofs._--I have tried a method of preparing my
+paper for positive proofs, which, as I have not seen it mentioned as
+employed by others, and the results appear to me very satisfactory, I am
+induced to communicate to you, and to accompany by some specimens, which
+will enable you to judge of the amount of success.
+
+I use a glass cylinder, with air-pump attached, such as that described by
+MR. STEWART as employed by him for iodizing his paper. I put in this the
+salt solution, and that I use is thus composed: 2 drachms of sugar of milk,
+dissolved in 20 ounces of water, adding--
+
+  Chloride of barium             15 grs.
+  Chloride of sodium             15 grs.
+  Chloride of ammonium           15 grs.
+
+In this I plunge several sheets of paper rolled into a coil (taking care
+that they are covered by the solution), and exhaust the air. I leave them
+thus for a few minutes, then take them out and hang them up to dry; or as
+the sheets are rather difficult to pin, from the paper giving way, spread
+them on a frame, across which any common kind of coarse muslin or tarletan,
+such as that I inclose, is stretched.
+
+I excite with ammonio-nitrate of silver, 30 grains to 1 ounce of water,
+applied with a flat brush.
+
+I fix in a bath of plain hypo. of the strength of one-sixth. The bath in
+which the inclosed specimens were fixed has been in use for some little
+time, and therefore has acquired chloride of silver.
+
+I previously prepared my paper by _brushing_ it with the same salt
+solution, and the difference of effect produced may be seen by comparing a
+proof so obtained, which I inclose, with the others. This latter is of
+rather a reddish-brown, and not very agreeable tint. I have inclosed the
+proofs as printed on paper of Whatman, Turner, and Canson Freres, so as to
+show the effect in each case. The advantages which the mode I have detailed
+possesses are, I think, these:
+
+Greater sensitiveness in the paper,
+
+A good black tint, and
+
+Greater freedom from spots and blemishes, all very material merits.
+
+C. E. F.
+
+    [Our Correspondent has forwarded five specimens, four of which are
+    certainly very satisfactory, the fifth is the one prepared by
+    brushing.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Groaning Elm-plank in Dublin_ (Vol. viii., p. 309.).--DR. RIMBAULT has
+given an account of the groaning-board, one of the popular delusions of two
+centuries ago: the following notice of it, extracted from my memoir of Sir
+Thomas Molyneux, Bart., M.D., and published in the _Dublin University_ for
+September, 1841, may interest your readers:
+
+    "In one of William Molyneux's communications he mentions the exhibition
+    of 'the groaning elm-plank' in Dublin, a curiosity that attracted much
+    attention and many learned speculations about the years 1682 and 1683.
+    He was, however, too much of a philosopher to be gulled with the rest
+    of the people who witnessed this so-called 'sensible elm-plank,' which
+    is said to have groaned and trembled on the application of a hot iron
+    to one end of it. After explaining the probable cause of the noise and
+    tremulousness by its form and condition, and by the sap being made to
+    pass up through the pores or tubuli of the plank which was in some
+    particular condition, he says: 'But, Tom, the generality of mankind is
+    lazy and unthoughtful, and will not trouble themselves to think of the
+    reason of a thing: when they have a brief way of explaining anything
+    that is strange by saying, "The devil's in it," what need they trouble
+    their heads about pores, and matters, and motion, figure, and
+    disposition, when the devil and a witch shall solve the phenomena of
+    nature.'"
+
+W. R. WILDE.
+
+_Passage in Whiston_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--J. T. complains of not being
+able to find a passage in Whiston, which he says is referred to in p. 94.
+of _Taylor on Original Sin_, Lond. 1746. I do not know what Taylor he
+refers to. Jeremy Taylor wrote a treatise on original sin; but he lived
+before Whiston. I have looked into two editions of the _Scripture Doctrine
+of Original Sin_, by John Taylor, one of Lond. 1741, and another of Lond.
+1750; but in neither of these can I find any mention of Mr. Whiston.
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+"_When Orpheus went down_" (Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).--In addition to the
+information given upon this old song by MR. OLDENSHAW, I beg to add the
+following. It was written for and sung {398} by Mr. Beard, in a pantomimic
+entertainment entitled _Orpheus and Euridice_, acted at the theatre in
+Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1740. The author of the entertainment was Mr. Henry
+Sommer, but the song in question was "translated from the Spanish" by the
+Rev. Dr. Samuel Lisle, who died Rector of Burclere, Hants, 1767. It was
+long very popular, and is found in almost all the song-books of the latter
+half of the last century. Mr. Park, the editor of the last edition of
+Ritson's _English Songs_ (vol. ii. p. 153.), has the following note upon
+this song:
+
+    "An answer to this has been written in the way of echo, and in defence
+    of the fair sex, whom the Spanish author treated with such libellous
+    sarcasm."
+
+As this "echo song" is not given by Ritson or his editor, I have
+transcribed it from a broadside in my collection. It is said to have been
+written by a lady.
+
+  "When Orpheus went down to the regions below,
+    To bring back the wife that he lov'd,
+  Old Pluto, confounded, as histories show,
+    To find that his music so mov'd:
+  That a woman so good, so virtuous, and fair,
+    Should be by a man thus trepann'd,
+  To give up her freedom for sorrow and care,
+    He own'd she deserv'd to be damn'd.
+
+  "For punishment he never study'd a whit,
+    The torments of hell had not pain
+  Sufficient to curse her; so Pluto thought fit
+    Her husband should have her again.
+  But soon he compassion'd the woman's hard fate,
+    And, knowing of mankind so well,
+  He recall'd her again, before 'twas too late,
+    And said, she'd be happier in hell."
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Foreign Medical Education_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--Your correspondent
+MEDICUS will find some information respecting _some_ of the foreign
+universities in the _Lancet_ for 1849, and the _Medical Times and Gazette_
+for 1852. For France he will find all he wants in Dr. Roubaud's _Annuaire
+Medical et Pharmaceutique de la France_, published by Bailliere, 219.
+Regent Street.
+
+M. D.
+
+"_Short red, good red_" (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--Sir Walter has probably
+borrowed this saying from the story of Bishop Walchere, when he related the
+murder of Adam, Bishop of Caithness. This tragical event is told in the
+_Chronicle of Mailros_, under the year 1222; also in _Forduni
+Scotichronicon_, and in Wyntoun's _Chronicle_, book vii. c. ix.; but the
+words "short red, good red," do not appear in these accounts of the
+transaction.
+
+J. MN.
+
+_Collar of SS._ (Vols. iv.-vii. _passim_).--At the risk of frightening you
+and your correspondents, I venture to resume this subject, in consequence
+of a circumstance to which my attention has just been directed.
+
+In the parish church of Swarkestone in Derbyshire there is a monument to
+Richard Harpur, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign
+of Elizabeth; on which he is represented in full judicial costume, with the
+collar of SS., which I am told by the minister of the parish is "distinctly
+delineated." It may be seen in Fairholt's _Costumes of England_, p. 278.
+
+As far as I am aware, this is the only instance, either on monuments or in
+portraits, of a _puisne_ judge being ornamented with this decoration. Can
+any of your correspondents produce another example? or can they account,
+from any other cause, for Richard Harpur receiving such a distinction? or
+may I not rather attribute it to the blunder of the sculptor?
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_Who first thought of Table-turning_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--It is
+impossible to say who discovered the table-turning experiment, but it
+undoubtedly had its origin in the United States. It was practised here
+three years ago, and, although sometimes associated with spirit-rappings,
+has more frequently served for amusement. On this connexion it may be
+proper to say that Professor Faraday's theory of unconscious muscular force
+meets with no concurrence among those who know anything about the subject
+in this country. It is notorious that large tables have been moved
+frequently by five or six persons, whose fingers merely touched them,
+although upon each was seated a stout man, weighing a hundred and fifty or
+sixty pounds: neither involuntary nor voluntary muscular force could have
+effected _that_ physical movement, when there was no other _purchase_ on
+the table than that which could be gained by a pressure of the tips of the
+fingers.
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Passage of Thucydides on the Greek Factions_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.; Vol.
+viii., pp. 44. 137.).--My attempt to find the passage attributed by Sir A.
+Alison to Thucydides in the real Thucydides was unsuccessful for the best
+of reasons, viz. that it does not exist there. He has probably borrowed it
+from some modern author, who, as it appears to me, has given a loose
+paraphrase of the words which I cited from _Thucyd._ III. 82., and has
+expanded the thought in a manner not uncommon with some writers, by adding
+the expression about the "sword and poniard." Some other misquotations of
+Sir A. Alison from the classical writers may be seen in the _Edinburgh
+Review_ for April last, No. CXCVIII. p. 275.
+
+L.
+
+_Origin of "Clipper" as applied to Vessels_ (Vol. viii., p. 100.).--For
+many years the fleetest sailing vessels built in the United States were
+{399} constructed at Baltimore. They were very sharp, long, low; and their
+masts were inclined at a much greater angle than usual with those in other
+vessels. Fast sailing pilot boats and schooners were thus rigged; and in
+the last war with England, privateers of the Baltimore build were
+universally famed for their swiftness and superior sailing qualities. "A
+Baltimore clipper" became the expression among shipbuilders for a vessel of
+peculiar make; in the construction of which, fleetness was considered of
+more importance than a carrying capacity. When the attention of naval
+architects was directed to the construction of swift sailing ships, they
+were compelled to adopt the clipper shape. Hence the title "Clipper Ship,"
+which has now extended from America to England.
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--In the third edition of _In
+Memoriam_, LXXXIX., 1850, the last line mentioned by W. T. M. is "Flits by
+the sea-blue bird of March," instead of "blue sea-bird." This reading
+appears to be a better one. I would suggest that the bird meant by Tennyson
+was the Tom-tit, who, from his restlessness, may be said to flit among the
+bushes.
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--This work of the
+learned Bishop of Avranches was written in Latin, and translated into
+French by J. B. Desrockes de Parthenay. It forms part of the second volume
+of a collection of treatises edited by Bruzen de la Martiniere, under the
+title of _Traites Geographiques et Historiques pour faciliter
+l'intelligence de l'Ecriture Sainte, par divers auteurs celebres_, 1730, 2
+vols. 12mo.
+
+I am unable to reply to EDINA's second Query, as to the result of Huet's
+assertions.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Sincere_ (Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328.).--The derivation of this word from
+_sine cera_ appears very fanciful. If this were the correct derivation, we
+should expect to find _sinecere_, for the _e_ would scarcely be dropped;
+just as we have the English word _sinecure_, which is the only compound of
+the preposition _sine_ I know; and is itself _not a Latin word_, but of a
+later coinage. Some give as the derivation _semel_ and [Greek: kerao]--that
+is, once mixed, without adulteration; the [Greek: e] being lengthened, as
+the Greek [Greek: akeratos]. The proper spelling would then be _simcerus_,
+and euphonically _sincerus_: thus we have _sim-plex_, which does not mean
+without a fold, but (_semel plico_, [Greek: pleko]) once folded. So also
+_singulus_, semel and termination. The proper meaning may be from tablets,
+_ceratae tabellae_, which were "once smeared with wax" and then written upon;
+they were then _sincerae_, without forgery or deception. If they were in
+certain places covered with wax again, for the purpose of adding something
+secretly and deceptively, they cease to be _sincerae_.
+
+J. T. JEFFCOCK.
+
+[Pi]. [Beta]. asks me for some authority for the alleged practice of Roman
+potters (or crock-vendors) to rub wax into the flaws of their unsound
+vessels. This was the very burden of my Query! I am no proficient in the
+Latin classics: yet I think I know enough to predicate that [Pi]. [Beta].
+is wrong in his version of the line--
+
+  "Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis acescit."
+
+I understand this line as referring to the notorious fact, that some
+liquors turn sour if the air gets to them from without. "Sincerum vas" is a
+sound or air-tight vessel. In another place (_Sat._, lib. i. 3.), Horace
+employs the same figure, where he says that we "call evil good, and good
+evil," figuring the sentiment thus:
+
+  "At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque
+  Sincerum cupimus vas _incrustare_"--
+
+meaning, of course, that we bring the vessel into suspicion, by treating it
+as if it were flawed. Dryden, no doubt, knew the radical meaning of
+_sincere_ when he wrote the lines cited by Johnson:
+
+  "He try'd a tough well-chosen spear;
+  Th' inviolable body stood sincere."
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_The Saltpetre Man_ (Vol. viii., p. 225.).--In addition to the curious
+particulars of this office, I send you an extract from Abp. Laud's _Diary_:
+
+    "December 13, Monday. I received letters from Brecknock; that the
+    _saltpeter man_ was dead and buried the Sunday before the messenger
+    came. This _saltpeter man_ had digged in the Colledge Church for his
+    work, bearing too bold upon his commission. The news of it came to me
+    to London about November 26. I went to my Lord Keeper, and had a
+    messenger sent to bring him up to answer that sacrilegious abuse. He
+    prevented his punishment by death."
+
+JOHN S. BURN.
+
+_Major Andre_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--There is in the picture gallery of
+Yale College, New Haven, Conn., an original sketch of Major Andre, executed
+by himself with pen and ink, and without the aid of a glass. It was drawn
+in his guard-room on the morning of the day first fixed for his execution.
+
+J. E.
+
+_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A DOUBTER is informed that the
+_National Intelligencer_ (published at Washington, and edited by Messrs.
+Gales and Seaton) is the authority for my statement respecting Mrs.
+Singleton, and her advanced age. If A DOUBTER is desirous of satisfying
+himself more fully respecting its correctness, he has but {400} to write to
+the above-named gentlemen, or to the English Consul at Charleston, S. C.,
+and his wish will doubtless be gratified. I cannot but hope that your
+correspondent's "fifty cents worth of reasons" for doubting my statement is
+now, or shortly will be, removed.
+
+If A DOUBTER intends to be in New York while the present Exhibition is
+open, he will have an opportunity of seeing a negro of the age of _one
+hundred and twenty-four_, who once belonged to General Washington, and from
+whom he could very possibly obtain some information respecting the aged
+"nurse" of the first President of the United States mentioned in his note.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 370.).--The passage for which your
+correspondent R. FITZSIMONS makes inquiry is to be found in the Eighth
+Eclogue, at the 44th and following lines:
+
+  "Nunc scio quid sit Amor," &c.
+
+The application by Johnson seems to be so plain as to need no explanation.
+
+F. B--W.
+
+_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--Your
+correspondent H. P. will find the love charm, consisting of a fig-shaped
+excrescence on a foal's forehead, and called _Hippomanes_, alluded to by
+Juvenal, _Sat._ VI. 133.:
+
+  "Hippomanes, carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum,
+  Privignoque datum?"
+
+And again, 615.:
+
+              "ut avunculus ille Neronis,
+  Cui totam tremuli frontem Caesonia pulli
+  Infudit."
+
+It was supposed that the dam swallowed this excrescence immediately on the
+birth of her foal, and that, if prevented doing so, she lost all affection
+for it.
+
+However, the name Hippomanes was applied to two other things. Theocritus
+(II. 48.) uses it to signify some herb which incites horses to madness if
+they eat of it.
+
+And again, Virgil (_Geor._ III. 280.), Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, &c.,
+represent it as a certain _virus_:
+
+  "Hippomanes cupidae stillat ab inguine equae."
+
+The subject is an unpleasant one, and H. P. is referred for farther
+information to Pliny, VIII. 42. s. 66., and XXVIII. 11. s. 80.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+This lump was called _Hippomanes_; which also more truly designated,
+according to Virgil, another thing. The following paragraphs from Mr.
+Keightley's excellent _Notes on Virgil's Bucolics and Georgics_ will fully
+explain both meanings:
+
+    "_Hippomanes_, horse-rage: the pale yellow fluid which passes from a
+    mare at that season [_i. e._ when she is horsing] (cf. _Tibul._ II. 4.
+    58.), of which the smell (_aura_, v. 251.) incites the horse.
+
+    "_Vero nomine._ Because the bit of flesh which was said to be on the
+    forehead of the new-born foal, and which the mare was supposed to
+    swallow, was called by the same name (see _AEn._ IV. 515.); and also a
+    plant in Arcadia (_Theocr._ II. 48.). With respect to the former
+    Hippomanes, Pliny, who detailed truth and falsehood with equal faith,
+    says (VIII. 42.) that it grows on the foal's forehead; is of the size
+    of a dried fig (_carica_), and of a black colour; and that if the mare
+    does not swallow it immediately, she will not let the foal suck her.
+    Aristotle (_H. A._, VIII. 24.) says this is merely an old wives' tale.
+    He mentions, however, the [Greek: polion], or bit of livid flesh, which
+    we call the foal's bit, and which he says the mare ejects before the
+    foal."--_Notes, &c._, p. 273. on _Georgic._ III. 280. ff.
+
+With regard to the plant called _Hippomanes_, commentators, as may be seen
+from Kiessling's note on Theocritus, ii. 48., are by no means agreed.
+Certainly Andrews, in his edition of Freund, is wrong in referring Virgil
+_Georgic._ III. 283. to that meaning. The use of _legere_ probably misled.
+
+E. S. JACKSON.
+
+_Wardhouse, where was?_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--It probably is the same as
+Wardoehuus or Vardoehus, a district and town in Norwegian Finmark, on the
+shores of the Arctic Ocean, inhabited principally by fishermen.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_Divining Rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--The inquirer should read the
+statement made by Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his letters _On the Truths contained
+in Popular Superstitions_, 1851, pp. 3-21. To the facts there recorded I
+may add, that I have heard Mr. Dawson Turner relate that he himself saw the
+experiment of the divining rod satisfactorily carried out in the hands of
+Lady Noel Byron; and some account of it is to be found, I believe, in an
+article by Sir F. Palgrave, in the _Quarterly Review_.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--His arms are engraved
+on a plate dedicated to him by Willis, in his _Survey of the Cathedrals of
+England_, 1742, vol. i. p. 284., and appear thus, _Argent, on a chevron
+gules, three besants_; but in a MS. collection by the late Canon Rowling of
+Lichfield, relating to bishops' arms, I find his coat thus given,--_Argent,
+on a chevron engrailed gules, three besants_. The variation may have arisen
+from an error of the engraver. It appears from Willis that Dr. Waugh was a
+fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; and the entry of his matriculation would
+no doubt show in what part of England his family resided. He was
+successively Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean
+of Gloucester; and Bishop of {401} Carlisle; to which latter dignity he was
+promoted in August, 1723.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Pagoda_ (Vol. v., p. 415.).--The European word pagoda is most probably
+derived, by transposition of the syllables, from _da-go-ba_, which is the
+Pali or Sanscrit name for a Budhist temple. It appears probable that the
+Portuguese first adopted the word in Ceylon, the modern holy isle of
+Budhism.
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+DEAFNESS, CHRONIC OR ACUTE NERVOUS DEAFNESS, SINGING NOISES AND PAINS IN
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+Stroud Street, Dover, the first application of which gives immediate
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+affliction of noises in the head and ears, immediately removed by its use.
+Each sufferer can apply it himself: the proof and result being instantly
+convincing, as it enables the previously deaf person to hear common tone
+conversation, who before could only be made to hear by loud shouting in the
+ear, or by means of a powerful ear-trumpet. It has been applied by the
+Doctor on hundreds of suffering applicants at most of the ear infirmaries
+and hospitals, with perfect success, and in many thousands of cases to whom
+he has sent it many had not heard the human voice for half their life, and
+some not at all, who by its use alone are now perfectly restored to hearing
+and the society of their fellow-creatures, and enabled to hear distinctly
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+M^cMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
+
+THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
+liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia
+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures_:--
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefit from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+  "Bonn, July 19, 1852.
+
+"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, nourishing,
+and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all kinds of
+medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, as also
+diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as
+stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of
+the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This really
+invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory result, not only
+in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where irritation and pain are to be
+removed, but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, in which it
+counteracts effectually the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with
+perfect truth to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica
+is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+  "DR. RUD WURZER,
+
+  "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M. D.
+  in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & Co., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, in Complete Sets, in Portable Cabinets, at moderate
+prices.
+
+SMALL SET, price 7l. 7s., containing every requisite for taking Landscapes
+and Pictures of inanimate objects, to a size not exceeding 7 by 6 inches.
+
+LARGE SET, price 11l., for Pictures up to 10 by 8 inches.--N. B. A
+Collodion Picture made by each set is given with it, to show the quality of
+the Lenses.
+
+Every article for taking either Landscapes or Portraits on Silver, Paper,
+or Glass, may be had of the undersigned. An illustrated priced Catalogue of
+Photographic Apparatus, price 3d., Post Free.
+
+JOHN J. GRIFFIN, Chemist and Optician. 10. Finsbury Square (Manufactory,
+119. and 120. Bunhill Row), removed from Baker Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CYANOGEN SOAP, for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of
+purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+The genuine is made only by the inventor, and is secured with a red label
+pasted round each pot, bearing this signature and address:--
+
+RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals,
+10. Pall Mall, and may be procured of all respectable Chemists in pots at
+1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's
+Churchyard, and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.
+{404}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+CHEAP AND POPULAR EDITIONS OF STANDARD AUTHORS.
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published THIS DAY.
+
+Contents:
+
+    I. THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.
+   II. MURDER OF THOMAS A BECKET.
+  III. THE DAUPHIN IN THE TEMPLE.
+   IV. THE HOLY PLACES.
+    V. DIARY OF CASAUBON.
+   VI. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, MESMERISM, AND TABLE-TURNING.
+  VII. LIFE OF HAYDON.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
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+IN FOUR MONTHLY VOLUMES, price only 6s. each, bound, printed uniformly with
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+CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN EVELYN, F.R.S.;" comprising all the important
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+
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+
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+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+HISTORY OF THE GUILLOTINE. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON CROKER. Reprinted,
+with Additions, from "The Quarterly Review."
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+The last Volume published, contained--
+
+ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS: HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC. By J. G. LOCKHART.
+
+To be followed by-- POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G.
+WILKINSON. With 500 Woodcuts.
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+THE PRISON AND THE SCHOOL. The Chief ascertained Causes of Crime
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+Neglected, Destitute, and Criminal Children of the Metropolis. By EDMUND
+EDWARD ANTROBUS, F.S.A., Justice of the Peace for the County of Middlesex,
+and City and Liberty of Westminster; Visiting Justice of the House of
+Correction, Westminster.
+
+London: STAUNTON & SONS, 9. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+Now ready, post 8vo., cloth, price 6s. 6d.
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+CURIOSITIES OF LONDON LIFE; or Phases, Physiological and Social, of the
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+World." May be had at all the Libraries.
+
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+Prince of Wales. 3. Mediaeval Bardism. 4. The Welsh Church.
+
+    "Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the
+    principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our
+    island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and
+    language still linger."--_Notes and Queries_.
+
+London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
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+NEW EDITION OF THE ANABASIS BY ARNOLD AND BROWNE.
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+XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. With ENGLISH NOTES, translated (with Additions) from
+the German of DR. HERTLEIN, by the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of
+Lyndon, and the REV. HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon of Chichester. (Forming a
+New Volume of Arnold's "School Classics.")
+
+Books IV. to VII. of this Edition are contained in Mr. Arnold's "Fourth
+Greek Book."
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
+
+Lately published, by the same Editor, VIRGILII AENEIS. With English Notes
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+THE FIRST ITALIAN BOOK: on the Plan of the REV. T. K. ARNOLD'S First French
+Book. By SIGNOR PIFFERI, Professor of Italian, and DAWSON W. TURNER, M.A.,
+Head Master of the Royal Institution School, Liverpool.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
+
+Of whom may be had, by the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A.
+
+1. THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK, on the Plan of Henry's First Latin Book. Third
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+Just published, price 1s.
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+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham:
+H. C. LANGBRIDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
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+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October
+22. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October
+22, 1853, by Various
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