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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Microcosmography, by John Earle
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Microcosmography
+       or, a Piece of the World Discovered; in Essays and Characters
+
+Author: John Earle
+
+Release Date: August 25, 2008 [EBook #26425]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MICROCOSMOGRAPHY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar, Christine D. and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+  OR,
+
+  A Piece of the World discovered;
+
+  IN
+
+  ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+
+
+
+  MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+  OR,
+
+  A PIECE OF THE WORLD
+  DISCOVERED;
+
+  IN
+
+  ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS
+
+  By JOHN EARLE, D.D.
+
+
+  _A Reprint of Dr. Bliss's Edition of 1811._
+
+  WITH A PREFACE AND SUPPLEMENTARY
+  APPENDIX
+  By S. T. IRWIN.
+
+  Bristol:
+  PUBLISHED BY W. CROFTON HEMMONS.
+  London:
+  SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LTD.
+
+
+
+
+                  TO THE MEMORY
+          OF THE REVEREND DAVID WRIGHT,
+        "THE GRAVE DIVINE" OF THESE PAGES,
+          WHOSE NAME WILL LIVE IN BRISTOL
+   AS LONG AS MEN CARE FOR BEAUTY OF CHARACTER,
+  RICHNESS OF THOUGHT, OR DISTINCTION OF SPEECH,
+        THIS BRISTOL REPRINT IS INSCRIBED.
+
+  "From the contagion of the world's slow stain
+  He was secure."
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+It may be reasonably asked why Dr. Bliss's[A] edition of the
+Microcosmography should require a preface, and the answer is that it does
+not require one. It would be difficult to have a more scholarly, more
+adequate, more self-sufficing edition of a favourite book. Almost
+everything that helps the elucidation of the text, almost everything about
+Bishop Earle that could heighten our affection for him (there is nothing
+known to his disparagement) is to be found here.[B] And affection for the
+editor is conciliated by the way. It is not only his standard of
+equipment that secures this--a standard that might have satisfied Mark
+Pattison[C]--but also the painstaking love revealed in it, which, like
+every other true love, whether of men or books, will not give of that
+which costs it nothing. And, as a further title to our regard, Dr. Bliss
+is amusing at his own expense, and compares himself to Earle's "critic,"
+who swells books into folios with his comments. Not that this humorous
+self-depreciation is to be pressed; for, unlike that critic, he is no
+"troublesome vexer of the dead."
+
+But though there is no need of a preface, I have two excuses for writing
+one.
+
+The first is that I was asked to do it by my friend Mr. Frank George, of
+Bristol, who wished to see the book reprinted; and the second is the old
+_professio pietatis_, which seemed to Tacitus a sufficient defence of the
+Agricola, and may perhaps be allowed to serve humbler people as well. What
+Earle says of men is no less true of books: "Acquaintance is the first
+draught of a friend. Men take a degree in our respect till at last they
+wholly possess us;" and the history of this possession must, in every
+case, have a sort of interest, as long as it is not carried to the point
+of demanding from others the superlatives we permit to ourselves. It is
+sufficiently common for people to like the same book for different
+reasons; and where an author has a secure place in English literature, his
+shade, like the deity of Utopia, may be best pleased with a manifold and
+various worship.[D]
+
+The character of Earle, as drawn by Clarendon, is itself a guarantee for
+his studies of character; and the fact that Lord Falkland was his chosen
+friend is evidence of his possessing something of that sweet
+reasonableness of temper for which his host was so remarkable. "He was
+very dear" (we are told) "to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much
+time as he could make his own." Indeed, "Mr. Earles would frequently
+profess that he had got more useful learning by his conversation at Tew
+than he had at Oxford." Of Earle's conversation Clarendon says that it was
+"so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent and so very facetious, that
+no man's company was more desired and more loved." Walton, too, tells us
+of his "innocent wisdom and sanctified learning"; and another witness
+speaks of his "charitable heart," an epithet which is nobly borne out by
+the correspondence between himself and Baxter printed in this volume.
+
+This is no superfluous citation of testimony. Without it we might,
+perhaps, have suspected, though not, I think, legitimately, something
+almost of a cynical spirit in the severity of the punishment which he
+deals out to the various disguises of vice and imposture, and in the
+pitiless nakedness in which he leaves them. But there are even stronger
+reasons for recalling contemporary verdicts pronounced on Earle as a man.
+Hallam, in the "Literature of Europe,"[E] has a short notice of him, and
+though it shews some appreciation of his ability, it contains a very
+unworthy aspersion on his character. "The chapter on the sceptic," he
+says, "is witty, but an insult to the honest searcher after truth, which
+could only have come from one that was content to take up his own opinions
+for ease or profit." If we accept all that is said of Earle's piety and
+devotion, and give its proper weight to the very significant epithet
+"innocent," used both by Walton and Clarendon, we shall, I think, be slow
+to suspect his motive in attacking the sceptic. The honest doubter, it
+must be remembered, was not the familiar--much less the
+fashionable--figure he has become since, and it is very certain that Earle
+described one type of sceptic both of his day and our own. That his sketch
+may have done injustice to other types is likely enough; but that is no
+reason for calling in question the sincerity of his opinions, or
+attributing an interested orthodoxy to one whom Bunyan might have
+christened Mr. Singleheart. The piety of the 17th Century was not disposed
+to be gentle to sceptics. Even Bacon's enlightenment allows itself harsher
+language on such subjects than any to be found in Earle. "None do refuse
+to believe in a God save those for _whom it maketh that there were no
+God_." And if Bacon is not thought a satisfactory witness, we have an
+unimpeachable one very much nearer to our time. Dr. Johnson's occasional
+strictures on sceptics are well-known, but his reputation for honest
+thinking has never been impaired by their severity. Earle knew what
+charity was, as the Baxter correspondence shows, and he has exposed in one
+of his characters "the faith that has no room for it"; and if his own
+faith needed further enlargement in the case of a sceptic,[F] some
+enlargement of Hallam's charity might also have been looked for in
+dealing with the earnestness of a militant piety.
+
+The character-sketch is naturally a thing of limited scope. "Fine
+portraiture,"[G] it has been said, "is not possible under such conditions
+as it imposes. The traits, common to a class, cannot at the same time be
+the accurate and intimate likeness of an individual. For this, a simple
+enumeration of actions which such and such a man will do, is not enough. A
+novelist takes a long series of connected actions, and even then he has to
+interpret, to review from time to time whole stages of development." All
+this is, no doubt, true, but the character-writers differ to a remarkable
+extent in their individualising power--some of them achieving a high
+degree of success, as is subsequently admitted in the case of Thackeray by
+the writer just quoted. It may be noticed too, by the way, that great
+novelists are not always equally successful in the character-sketch. One
+is reminded of Johnson's phrase about Milton's inability "to carve heads
+upon cherry stones" when one thinks of "Theophrastus Such" on the one
+hand, and the almost unique position of George Eliot as a novelist on the
+other. Less successful as she often is in lightness of touch when she has
+to pause and interpret her story, she had not prepared us for such a
+complete exhaustion of power as her attempt in this branch of literature
+(apparently of the same genus, almost of the same species, as the novel)
+reveals to her disappointed admirers. It may, at any rate, be said that
+her failure is an instructive lesson in the literary division of labour,
+and that these studies require a peculiar delicacy of organisation in the
+observer, as well as a special gift of exposition.
+
+"Dolus latet in generalibus" is a salutary warning, but the
+character-writers, as a whole, have in most instances got creditably out
+of the snare, while Earle, I think, has achieved something more. Besides
+his humour and acuteness, besides even his profundity, I find in him an
+exceptional power of individualizing. "The contemplative man," for
+instance, belongs to a small class at all times; but it is only an
+individual we have known, and known at rare intervals, of whose
+Wordsworthian temper we are able to say that "Nature asks his approbation
+as it were of her works and variety." Again, "the grave divine, who is not
+yet dean or canon, though his life is our religion's best apology," reads
+throughout like a personal experience. I at least so read it, or I should
+not have borrowed from Earle for the dedication which stands at the head
+of this preface. Yet such identifications are usually reserved for the
+great novelist, whose highest art, as Macaulay says, is to "make the
+inventions of one man seem like the recollections of another."
+
+Some of Earle's readers appear to be chiefly impressed with his book as
+furnishing "a picturesque idea of a period now remote, and as possessing
+much of the affected quaintness of its age."[H] The picturesqueness I
+find, and a good deal of quaintness; but the total impression is that of a
+man who has got beyond words, ancient or modern, in his studies of human
+nature--of one who, whether
+
+            "invectively he pierceth through
+    The body of the country, city, court;"
+
+or is "anatomizing the wise man's folly," is as instructive a moralist in
+the end of the nineteenth century as in the beginning of the seventeenth.
+This, in a sense, is true of all great moralists, but the distinction of
+Earle, as I understand it, is that his characters are so often really
+people of our own day, with idiosyncracies that seem almost more
+applicable to our own age than to his.
+
+Society is almost a technical term to-day, susceptible, one would have
+said, of refinements of difference infinitely more various than anything
+that could have existed more than two hundred years ago; yet one cannot
+but feel that this observer would have been fully equal to drawing our
+microcosm as well as his own. Earle's is a penetrating observation which
+is always fresh--so fresh that no archaism of phrase in him, and no cheery
+optimism in ourselves, can disguise the fact that it is our weaknesses he
+is probing, our motives he is discovering.
+
+There are still with us "those well-behaved ghosts Æneas met with--friends
+to talk with, and men to look on, but if he grasped them but air"--those
+shadowy creatures that "wonder at your ill-breeding,[I] that cannot
+distinguish between what is spoken and what is meant."
+
+We are no strangers to "the fashionable respect which loves not deeper
+mutualities, but though exceeding kind and friendly at your first
+acquaintance, is at the twentieth meeting but friendly still"; or to that
+similar temper which "nothing so much puts out as to trespass against the
+genteel way." And, to go a stage lower, the formal man still survives,
+whose "face is in so good a frame because he is not disjointed with other
+meditations--who hath staid in the world to fill a number; and when he is
+gone there wants one and there's an end."[J] He, to be sure, has no
+conversation, and that is his discretion--but others display then as now a
+bolder discretion, and in their talk "fly for sanctuary rather to nonsense
+which few descry, than to nothing which all."
+
+But literary conversation is not forgotten. It may be a stretch beyond
+the power of a latter-day imagination to fancy a visitor proposing to
+fascinate his company by some "scatterings of Seneca and Tacitus," or even
+to think ourselves back to a time when these "were good for all
+occasions." Yet, those who say "Chaucer[K] for our money above all our
+English poets because the voice has gone so," (or had we better substitute
+Browning?),[L] are still common enough examples of those who desire to
+acquire inexpensively the reputation of good taste.
+
+And there is another variety of modern artificiality which is not spared
+in this book. For the many forms of busy idleness, the worship of
+organisation and system, and all the other hindrances to life properly
+so-called, which it has been the cherished labour of this age to
+multiply, Earle would have had no reserve of patience. "The dull
+physician," we are told, has no leisure _to be idle_, that is, to study.
+"The grave divine," who has "studied to make his shoulders sufficient for
+his burden, comes not up thrice a week into his pulpit because _he would
+not be idle_"; whereas the commendation of the young raw preacher is that
+"he speaks without book, and, indeed, he was never used to it."
+
+We may justly boast of the superior humanity of our century; but few would
+deny that the elaborate apparatus of modern philanthropy has too often
+become an end in itself, and absorption in it a serious detriment to any
+worthy preparation for the work of edifying. In the absence of leisure
+pulpits will hardly furnish us with that "sincere erudition which can send
+us clear and pure away unto a virtuous and happy life."[M] Nor is such a
+loss compensated by an endless succession of services or even a whole
+street of committee-rooms.
+
+One would not, however, wish to rest in negations or dwell in the last
+resort on Earle's critical attitude. One feels that the delightful house
+at Tew did not spend all or even its best strength on criticism. Earle may
+have there pursued the method of verification and studied his characters
+in the flesh. Perhaps he saw there "the staid man," and duly appraised
+this specimen of "nature's geometry";[N] while his obvious gifts as a
+rational peace-maker, if not much needed in such a company, would not be
+overlooked by Lord Falkland. "The good old man," too is a portrait so
+strongly individualized that I cannot help thinking some very personal
+experience went to the making of it--experience of a sort that was sure to
+be revived at Tew, where "so good a relick of the old times" was not
+likely to be wanting. It was a house, at any rate, for the "modest man" to
+whom, as to the poet Cowper, public appearances were so many penances; for
+though the world may not agree with Earle as to the degree in which this
+quality sets off a man, there is no question of Lord Falkland's welcome of
+the modest man, even if that grave divine "Mr. Earles," did not point out
+this diffident guest as one who "had a piece of singularity," and, for all
+his modesty, "scorned something."
+
+And, as "the most polite and _accurate_ men of the University of
+Oxford"[O] were to be met with at Tew, we may further hope that Earle
+there watched the social mellowing of the "downright scholar whose mind
+was too much taken up with his mind,"[P] and strove to carry out his own
+recommendation, "practising him in men, and brushing him over with good
+company."
+
+Symposium is a word that has been much abused and vulgarised of late, but
+something like its true Platonic sense must have been realised by the
+company at Lord Falkland's, as they "examined and refined those grosser
+propositions which laziness and consent made current in vulgar
+conversation":[Q] for a more Platonic programme it would be difficult to
+conceive. The pattern of the ideal republic is, we know, laid up somewhere
+in the heavens; but the republic of letters so far as it was represented,
+must have been as near the ideal in that house as it ever was on earth.
+And in this ideal one of Earle's characters already mentioned was not only
+a natural but a necessary element. "The contemplative man" is solitary, we
+are told, in company, but he would not be so in this company. "Outward
+show, the stream, the people," were not taken seriously at Lord
+Falkland's; and the man who "can spell heaven out of earth" would be the
+centre of a rare group--men upon whose fresh and eager appetites
+conversation that was "mysterious and inward" could not easily pall.
+
+Bishop Berkeley is one of the very few men who could answer with any
+plausibility to this last character of Earle's. But the marvellous
+amenity of his social gifts brings him a little closer to the kindly race
+of men than Earle thinks is usual with the contemplative student. In every
+other point it is an accurate piece of portraiture.[R] Nature might well
+ask approbation of her works and variety from a man who was ever feeding
+his noble curiosity and never satisfying it. He, too, made a "ladder of
+his observations to climb to God." He, too, was "free from vice, because
+he had no occasion to employ it." "Such gifts," said the turbulent Bishop
+Atterbury of him, "I did not think had been the portion of any but
+angels." After this it is no hyperbole to say, as Earle does of the
+contemplative man, "He has learnt all can here be taught him, and comes
+now to heaven to see more."
+
+Though Clarendon does full justice to Earle's personal charm, he uses the
+epithets "sharp and witty" to describe his published "discourses"; and the
+piercing severity of his wit is illustrated everywhere in this book. It is
+clear, however, from the sympathetic sketches that Earle's was no _nil
+admirari_ doctrine, and that while he saw grave need on all hands for men
+to clear their mind of cant, and their company of those who live by it, he
+had great store of affection for all that is noble or noble in the making.
+
+The "modest man" and the high-spirited man" are opposite types, but there
+is in both the worthy pursuit and the high ideal. Moreover, the second of
+those characters reveals a power of pathos which Earle might have
+developed with more opportunity.[S] "The child" whom "his father has writ
+as his own little story" is another indication of the same mood.
+
+These sketches are full of suggestive melancholy--not the melancholy of
+the misanthrope, but the true melancholy--the melancholy of
+Virgil--_Invalidus etiamque tremens etiam inscius aevi._[T]
+
+There is another character drawn with a most incisive pathos, though less
+_Virgilian_[U] in its tone.
+
+The poor man, "with whom even those that are not friends _for ends_ love
+not a dearness," and who, "with a great deal of virtue, obtains of himself
+not to hate men," is a pathetic figure, but he is something more. He is a
+sermon on human weakness, not drawn as some Iago might have drawn it with
+exultant mockery, but with the painful unflinching veracity of one who is
+ashamed of himself and of his kind. When one thinks how often this
+weakness is spoken of as if it were peculiar to the moneyed class or to
+the uneducated, and how many people whom one knows act and think as if
+poverty were a vice if not a crime, though they shrink from avowing it, so
+unqualified an exposure indicates a conscience of no common sensitiveness.
+
+Earle's wit and humour are deadly weapons, and it must be said that the
+trades and professions are treated with scant indulgence. He can even
+leave a mark like that of Junius when he has a mind. Thus the dull
+physician is present at "some desperate recovery, and is slandered with
+it, though he be guiltless"; and the attorney does not fear doomsday
+because "he hopes he has a trick to reverse judgment!"
+
+But though one would not ask on behalf of impostors or scoundrels for
+suspension of sentence, one does wish for more than a single picture of
+the young man "who sins to better his understanding." The companionship
+of one who by his 34th year "had so much dispatched the business of life
+that the oldest rarely attain to that knowledge and the youngest enter not
+the world with more innocence,"[V] might have induced Earle to pourtray
+more than the weaknesses of immature manhood.
+
+We could not, however, have missed this or the other pictures of
+characterless persons whether young or "having attained no proficiency by
+their stay in the world." Inexperience may fail to recognise them and
+suffer for it; or the gilding of rank and fashion may win for such persons
+a name in society above that which they deserve, and the moralist is bound
+to unmask them. These studies nevertheless are somewhat sombre;[W] and
+there is something much lighter and pleasanter in his presentation of
+some not unfamiliar phases of manners. There is the self-complacency that
+deals with itself like a "truant reader skipping over the harsh places";
+the frank discourtesy that finds something vicious in the conventions and
+"circumstance" of good breeding; the patronising insolence[X] that "with
+much ado seems to recover your name"; the egoism of discontent that "has
+an accustomed tenderness not to be crossed in its fancy"; or lastly, that
+affectation of reticence which is as modern as anything in the book,
+though its illustrations look so remote. Where we meet with such a temper,
+Earle's is still the right method--"we must deal with such a man as we do
+with Hebrew letters, spell him backwards and read him!"
+
+Despite all this searching analysis and the biting wit which accompanies
+it, I cannot think the epithet cynical, which I have heard ascribed to
+Earle, is defensible. There is a vast difference between recognising our
+frailty which is a fact, and insisting that our nature is made up of
+nothing else, which is not a fact. The severe critic and the cynic differ
+chiefly in this: the first reports distressing facts, the second invents
+disgraceful fictions; the one distrusts, the other insults our common
+nature; and in doing justice to the possibilities of that nature, no one
+has gone further than Earle in his "contemplative man."
+
+Something may be said of Earle's style before this introduction is brought
+to an end.
+
+I do not think it is uniformly conspicuous[Y] for quaintness, or that
+there is much that can be called affectation; though occasionally an
+excess of brevity has proved too tempting, or the desire to individualize
+runs away with him.
+
+The following passages, taken at random from the Characters, seem to
+contain phrases that we should be well content to use to-day if we had
+thought of them.
+
+    _He sighs to see what innocence he hath outlived._
+
+    _We look on old age for his sake as a more reverent
+    thing._
+
+
+    _He has still something to distinguish him from a
+    gentleman, though his doublet cost more._
+
+    _It is discourtesy in you to believe him._
+
+    _An extraordinary man in ordinary things._
+
+    _His businesses with his friends are to visit them._
+
+    _The main ambition of his life is not to be
+    discredited._
+
+    _He preaches heresy if it comes in his way, though with
+    a mind I must needs say very orthodox._
+
+These quotations have no very unfamiliar sound, nor much flavour of
+archaism about them. And there are many more, surprisingly free from
+conceits or other oddities, if we reflect that the book was written before
+Dryden was born, or modern prose with its precision and balance even
+thought of.
+
+There is one very distinguishing mark set on Earle's characters, the
+profundity of the analysis that accompanies the sketch. He lets us know
+not only what the grave divine or the staid man looks like, but why they
+are what they are, and all this without turning his sketch into an essay.
+This mistake Bishop Hall is inclined to make, and Butler actually makes.
+The author of Hudibras, it seems, would have been too fortunate had he
+known where his own happiness lay--to wit in that "sting" of verse, which
+Cowper says prose neither has nor can have.
+
+When one compares the essay in its beginnings with the essay as we know it
+to-day, it is not difficult to understand the change of form in the
+character sketch. "The Character of a Trimmer"[Z] is a very powerful piece
+of writing, containing some very fine things, but Halifax could not make
+of it that finished piece of brevity which it would have become in Earle's
+hands. Latin criticism has the right word for his work--"densus."[AA] We
+could not pack the thinking closer if we wished. And yet if we do not
+care to reason a type out, there are pictures enough unspoilt by
+commentary.[AB] Earle has some of that delightful suddenness of
+illustration which Selden makes so captivating in his Table-Talk. At once
+we are made to see likeness or unlikeness, we hear no comment on it; since
+the artist desires no more moral than is to be looked for in his art.
+
+When on the other hand Earle makes more of the reason of the thing, he[AC]
+is literally "swift and sententious"--he never takes the opportunity to
+draw us into an instructive disquisition, or to assume airs of profundity.
+And his passing hint as to the cause of what _we see_ no more injures any
+picture he may draw than Coleridge's prose argument at the side of the
+page destroys the imaginative spectacle in the Ancient Mariner.
+
+Earle, it has been said, "is not so thoroughly at home with men of all
+sorts and conditions as Overbury, who had probably seen far more of the
+world."[AD] However relatively true this may be, Earle's book [published
+1628] gives evidence of an experience of men as wide as it is intimate--an
+experience little short of marvellous in a resident Fellow of
+twenty-seven, whose younger years were chiefly distinguished for "oratory,
+poetry, and witty fancies."[AE] (Perhaps his youth may account for some of
+that excessive severity in handling follies which is occasionally
+noticeable.) The article in the "Dictionary of National Biography" gives a
+somewhat different impression of Earle as an observer. "The sketches
+throw," it says, "_the greatest light_ upon the social condition of the
+time." Now this is not possible for anyone to achieve whose vision
+requires "the spectacles of books"; though with such help it is doubtless
+possible to extend and improve on the observations of others, with human
+nature as a constant quantity. But to be at home with one's contemporaries
+and to record one's intimacy means to see with the eye as well as the
+mind. The slow inductive method of personal contact is indispensable; and
+no reasoning from first principles, no assimilating of secondhand
+experience, with whatever touches of genius, can be mistaken for it.
+
+It is not likely that the Registrar's house (his father's house) at York
+added much to Earle's sketch-book; and we have to fall back on what
+Clarendon says of his delightful conversation, and by implication, of his
+delight in it. In the society of a University and in the life of a
+University town there would be presented to an observer of his exceptional
+penetration enough of the fusion or confusion of classes to furnish the
+analytical powers with a tolerably wide field.
+
+And Earle does not suffer by comparison with his rivals. "The concise
+narrative manner"[AF] of Theophrastus, though in its way as humorously
+informing as we find Plautus and Terence, and as we should have found the
+New Comedy which they copied, leaves us a little cold from the looseness
+or the connexion in the quasi-narrative: we rise a little unsatisfied from
+the ingenious banquet of conversational scraps; we desire more. Overbury,
+again, says less than Earle, and is more artificial in saying it. Butler
+and Bishop Hall too directly suggest _the essay_[AG] and the sermon. In no
+one of them is brevity so obviously the soul of wit as it is in Earle; no
+one of them is so humorously thoughtful, so lucid in conception, so
+striking in phrase.
+
+When one has reckoned up all these gifts, and all that his friends and
+contemporaries said of him, and remember also who and what these friends
+were, one is not startled by the eulogistic epitaph in Merton College
+Chapel; these words are as moving as they are strong:
+
+    Si nomen ejus necdum suboleat, Lector,
+      Nomen ejus ut pretiosa unguenta;
+        Johannes Earle Eboracensis.
+
+But his own choicer Latin in the epitaph he wrote for the learned Peter
+Heylin would serve no less well for himself; and the beautiful brevity of
+its closing cadences has so much of the distinction of his English, and
+puts so forcibly what Earle deserves to have said of him, that it may
+fitly be the last word here:
+
+     Plura ejusmodi meditanti
+      mors indixit silentium:
+          ut sileatur
+        efficere non potest.
+
+                                                        S.T.I.
+
+Clifton, May, 1896.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] It came out in 1811. Forty-four years afterwards he wrote that in his
+interleaved copy the list of Seventeenth Century Characters had increased
+fourfold--good evidence of his affection for and interest in Earle's
+Characters. Yet he despaired of anyone republishing a book so "common and
+unimportant" (??). (See Arber's reprint of Earle.) It is to the credit of
+Bristol that this pessimism has not been justified.
+
+[B] Since writing this preface I have added a small supplementary
+appendix; but there is nothing in it to require much qualification of the
+opinion here expressed. It was hardly possible, as I gather, for Bliss to
+have known of the Durham MS.
+
+[C] Mr. John Morley has called Pattison's standard "the highest of our
+time." Bliss's conception of an editor's duties is well illustrated in the
+note on p. 73.
+
+[D] "Varium ac multiplicem expetens cultum deus."--_Mori Utopia Lib. II._
+
+[E] Vol. iii., pp. 153 and 154.
+
+[F] Were the unorthodox opinions of Hobbes known to his friends as early
+as 1647? If so, Earle could hardly have been very curious in scenting out
+heresy, for Clarendon hopes Earle's intercession may secure for him a book
+of Hobbes's. (See letters of Clarendon in Supplementary Appendix.)
+
+[G] Professor Jebb, in his edition of The Characters of Theophrastus. I
+rejoice to see that Professor Jebb assigns Earle a place of far more
+distinction than is implied in the measured tribute of Hallam. His preface
+furnishes lovers of Earle with just those reasoned opinions with which
+instinctive attraction desires to justify itself; and I take this
+opportunity of acknowledging my great obligations to it.
+
+[H] Hallam. The same tone is taken in the article on Earle in the
+"Encyclopædia Britannica."
+
+[I] Mr. Bridges indeed, ("Achilles in Scyros"), finds that this character
+has been always with us, and gives it a place in the Heroic Age. The
+passage has almost the note of Troilus and Cressida:--
+
+                  "My invitation, Sir,
+    Was but my seal of full denial, a challenge
+    For honor's eye not to be taken up.
+    Your master hath slipped in manners."
+
+
+
+[J] We may compare Matthew Arnold's travelling companion ("Essays in
+Criticism," 1st Edition, Preface), who was so nervous about railway
+murders, and who refused to be consoled by being reminded that though the
+worst should happen, there would still be the old crush at the corner of
+Fenchurch Street, and that he would not be missed: "the great mundane
+movement would still go on!"
+
+[K] Chaucer could hardly have been well-known in 1811, or Dr. Bliss would
+scarcely have quoted in full the most familiar character in his Prologue;
+but I could not find courage to excise, or lay a profane hand on any of
+his notes.
+
+[L] It is, perhaps, superfluous to say that no disrespect is intended to
+the Author of the "Ring and the Book"; but it would be difficult to find
+another poet who has had so many of the equivocal tributes of fashion.
+
+[M] Sir Thomas Browne, "Christian Morals."
+
+[N] "So infinite a fancy, bound in by a most logical
+ratiocination."--_Clarendon (of Lord Falkland)._
+
+[O] Clarendon.
+
+[P] "A great cherisher of good parts ... and if he found men clouded with
+poverty, or want, a most liberal and bountiful patron."--_Clarendon, ib._
+
+[Q] Clarendon, _ib._
+
+[R] Between Earle himself and Berkeley there is much resemblance. Of
+Berkeley too it would have been said--"a person certainly of the sweetest
+and most obliging nature that lived in our age"; and this resemblance
+extends beyond their social gifts or their cast of mind, even to their
+language. Earle's "vulgar-spirited" man, with whom "to thrive is to do
+well," recalls a famous passage in the Siris.
+
+"He that hath not thought much about God, the human soul, and the _summum
+bonum_, may indeed be a _thriving_ earth-worm, but he will make a sorry
+patriot, and a sorry statesman."
+
+[S] Is this from Pliny's Letters? "Totum patrem mira similitudine
+exscripserat."--_Lib._ V. xvi.
+
+[T] One may recall, too, the famous words of the Sophoclean Ajax to his
+son in connection with Earle's phrases. "He is not come to his task of
+melancholy," "he arrives not at the mischief of being wise," read like a
+free translation of Soph. Ajax, II. 554 and 555.
+
+[U] Perhaps the simile in Æn. viii. 408 and one or two other places would
+justify us in calling this also Virgilian, as, indeed, one may call most
+good things.
+
+[V] Clarendon--his character of Lord Falkland.
+
+[W] There are certain things not at all sombre applicable not only to our
+day, but to our _hour_, _e.g._ "the poet (I regret to say he is 'a pot
+poet,') now much employed in commendations of our navy"; or this, "His
+father sent him to the University, because he heard there were the best
+fencing and dancing schools there." If we substitute athletics of some
+kind, we have a very modern reason for the existence of such things as
+Universities accepted as sound by both parents and children. _cf._ too Dr.
+Bliss's note on the serving-man, and its quotation, "An' a man have not
+skill in the hawking and hunting languages nowadays, I'll not give a rush
+for him!"
+
+[X] _cf._ Falconbridge in "King John":
+
+    "And if his name be George I'll call him Peter,
+    For new-made honour doth forget men's names."
+
+It is this character which was the occasion of the most delightful of all
+stories of absence of mind, and though, doubtless, familiar to many, I
+cannot resist repeating it. The poet Rogers was looking at a new picture
+in the National Gallery in company with a friend. Rogers was soon
+satisfied, but his friend was still absorbed. "I say," said Rogers, "_that
+fellow_ [Earle's insolent man] was at Holland House again last night, and
+he came up and asked me if my name was Rogers." "Yes," said the friend,
+still intent on the picture, "_and was it_?
+
+[Y] The article in the "Dictionary of National Biography" lays stress on
+the freedom from conceits in Earle's few poems at a time when conceits
+were universal. The lines on Sir John Burroughs contain a couplet which is
+wonderfully close to Wordsworth's "Happy Warrior":
+
+    "His rage was tempered well, no fear could daunt
+    _His reason_, his _cold_ blood was valiant."
+
+    _cf._ "Who in the heat of conflict keeps _the law_
+    In _calmness_ made."
+
+Earle's standard in poetry was high. "Dr. Earle would not allow Lord
+Falkland to be a good poet though a Great Witt," yet many poets praised
+his verses. Aubrey, who tells us of Earle's opinion, confirms it. "He
+(Lord Falkland) writt not a smooth verse, but a great deal of sense."
+
+[Z] "The Trimmer" is no doubt a political manifesto--but no retreat from
+politics could have chastened Halifax's style into a resemblance to
+Earle's; when the "Character" became a political weapon, its literary
+identity was all but at an end. "The Trimmer" is commended by Macaulay in
+his History, where it will be remembered he pays a tribute to its
+"vivacity."
+
+[AA] Quintilian uses it of Thucydides.
+
+[AB] The "She precise hypocrite" is a striking example--one of Earle's
+most humorous pieces.
+
+_cf._ also "The plain country fellow."
+
+[AC] The pictures, with the moral attached, are best seen in places: in
+"The Tavern, the best theatre of natures"; in "The Bowl-alley, an emblem
+of the world where some few justle in to the mistress fortune"; in Paul's
+Walk, "where all inventions are emptied and not a few pockets!"
+
+[AD] Professor Jebb, preface to "The Characters of Theophrastus."
+
+[AE] Anthony Wood.
+
+[AF] Professor Jebb.
+
+[AG] Professor Jebb justly replies to Hallam that if La Bruyère is far
+superior to Theophrastus the scope of the two writers makes the comparison
+unfair. The difference between them may perhaps be expressed by saying
+that an essay was the last thing that the master and the first thing that
+the disciple was anxious to produce.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+OF THE
+
+SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.
+
+
+(1) THE DURHAM MS.
+
+In the Cathedral Library at Durham is a small bound volume which contains
+forty-six of Earle's Characters, bearing date 1627[AH],--the date of the
+first edition being 1628. I was enabled by the kindness of Dr. Greenwell,
+the Librarian, to take it away and examine it at leisure; and the courtesy
+of the University Librarian, Dr. Fowler, furnished me with an exact
+collation of the MS. versions with the printed text[AI] of these
+forty-six Characters, the original of the contributions made by him to
+"Notes and Queries," and referred to in the "Dictionary of National
+Biography."
+
+(2) I have printed, besides, some other versions quoted by Bliss from "Dr.
+Bright's MS.," and incorporated in his annotated copy of his own book.
+These are often the same with those of the Durham MS. I should mention
+that though this annotated copy is in the Bodleian Library, the
+Sub-Librarian, Mr. Falconer Madan, "knows of no 'Bright MS.,'[AJ] nor
+where Bliss's MS. with that name is." The copy in question contains so
+much additional matter that I have added a few things from it, but my
+space was necessarily limited; there is good evidence in it of Bliss's
+statement that he had continued collecting materials for the book for
+forty-four years after its publication. Moreover, in the "Bliss Sale
+Catalogue" in the Bodleian there are some 530 books of Characters
+(including duplicates). I am myself in possession, as I believe, of a copy
+of Bliss's edition which belonged to himself, and which is annotated by
+himself and Haslewood.[AK] It contains a castrated title-page (originally
+Bliss suppressed his name) and a notice of the book in the "Monthly
+Review" of 1812.
+
+(3) I have added a few "testimonies" to Earle from Anthony Wood and
+others.
+
+(4) I have printed three letters from Clarendon to Earle from the
+"Clarendon State Papers," with short extracts from two others; as well as
+two letters of Earle's from the Bodleian Library--interesting rather as
+personal relics than as containing anything very significant. All that
+relates to its author will, I believe, be acceptable to lovers of the
+"Cosmography."
+
+For this additional matter, as well as for other help and counsel, I am
+indebted to Mr. Charles Firth, of Balliol College, Oxford, whose learning
+is always at the service of his friends, and who stands in no need of the
+old injunction--"not to be reserved and caitiff in this part of goodness."
+
+(5) From a notebook of Bliss's (in MS.) in my possession I have added a
+few titles of Books of Characters.
+
+I have retained in this Appendix the spelling I found. Bliss's text has,
+with a few exceptions (possibly accidental), the modern spelling.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AH] Dec. 14th, 1627. [At the end, by way of Colophon:] at the top of page
+1, in a different hand, "Edw. Blunt Author." This MS. was obviously one of
+"the _written copies_, passing severally from hand to hand, which grew at
+length to be a pretty number in a little volume." (See Blount's Preface to
+the Reader.)
+
+[AI] As it appears in Arber's Reprint.
+
+[AJ] The "Bright MS." was obviously later than that in the Durham
+Cathedral Library, since it contained several Characters known to have
+been added to the first edition.
+
+[AK] Joseph Haslewood, Antiquary. One of the founders of the Roxburghe
+Club.
+
+
+
+
+  MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+  OR
+
+  A Piece of the World discovered;
+
+  IN
+
+  ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+  BY JOHN EARLE, D.D.
+
+  OF CHRIST-CHURCH AND MERTON COLLEGES, OXFORD,
+  AND BISHOP OF SALISBURY.
+
+  A NEW EDITION.
+
+  TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
+
+  NOTES AND AN APPENDIX,
+
+  BY PHILIP BLISS,
+
+  FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD.
+
+  _LONDON:_
+
+  PRINTED FOR WHITE AND COCHRANE, FLEET-STREET;
+  AND
+  JOHN HARDING. ST. JAMES'S-STREET.
+
+  1811.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT.
+
+
+The present edition of Bishop Earle's Characters was undertaken from an
+idea that they were well worthy of republication, and that the present
+period, when the productions of our early English writers are sought after
+with an avidity hitherto unexampled, would be the most favourable for
+their appearance.
+
+The text has been taken from the edition of 1732, collated with the first
+impression in 1628. The variations from the latter are thus
+distinguished:--those words or passages which have been added since the
+first edition are contained between brackets, [and printed in the common
+type]; those which have received some alteration, are printed in _italic_,
+and the passages, as they stand in the first edition, are always given in
+a note.
+
+For the Notes, Appendix, and Index, the editor is entirely answerable, and
+although he is fully aware that many superfluities will be censured, many
+omissions discovered, and many errors pointed out, he hopes that the
+merits of the original author will, in a great measure, compensate for the
+false judgment or neglect of his reviver.
+
+_January_ 30, 1811.
+
+
+
+
+THE PREFACE
+
+[TO THE EDITION OF 1732[AL].]
+
+
+This little book had six editions between 1628 and 1633, without any
+author's name to recommend it: I have heard of an eighth in 1664. From
+that of 33 this present edition is reprinted, without altering any thing
+but the plain errors of the press, and the old pointing and spelling in
+some places.
+
+The language is generally easy, and proves our English tongue not to be so
+very changeable as is commonly supposed; nay, sometimes the phrase seems a
+little obscure, more by the mistakes of the printer than the distance of
+time. Here and there we meet with a broad expression, and some characters
+are far below others; nor is it to be expected that so great a variety of
+portraits should all be drawn with equal excellence, though there are
+scarce any without some masterly touches. The change of fashions
+unavoidably casts a shade upon a few places, yet even those contain an
+exact picture of the age wherein they were written, as the rest does of
+mankind in general: for reflections founded upon nature will be just in
+the main, as long as men are men, though the particular instances of vice
+and folly may be diversified. Paul's Walk is now no more, but then good
+company adjourn to coffee-houses, and, at the reasonable fine of two or
+three pence, throw away as much of their precious time as they find
+troublesome.
+
+Perhaps these valuable essays may be as acceptable to the public now as
+they were at first; both for the entertainment of those who are already
+experienced in the ways of mankind, and for the information of others who
+would know the world the best way, that is--without trying it[AM].
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AL] _London: Printed by E. Say, Anno Domini_ M.DCC.XXXII.
+
+[AM] A short account of Earle, taken from the _Athenæ Oxonienses_ is here
+omitted.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+[TO THE EDITION OF 1786[AN].]
+
+
+As this entertaining little book is become rather scarce, and is replete
+with so much good sense and genuine humour, which, though in part adapted
+to the times when it first appeared, seems, on the whole, by no means
+inapplicable to any æra of mankind, the editor conceives that there needs
+little apology for the republication. A farther inducement is, his having,
+from very good authority, lately discovered[AO] that these _Characters_
+(hitherto known only under the title of _Blount's_[AP]), were actually
+drawn by the able pencil of JOHN EARLE, who was formerly bishop of Sarum,
+having been translated to that see from Worcester, A.D. 1663, and died at
+Oxford, 1665.
+
+Isaac Walton, in his Life of Hooker, delineates the character of the said
+venerable prelate.
+
+It appears from Antony Wood's Athen. Oxon. under the Life of Bishop Earle,
+that this book was first of all published at London in 1628, under the
+name of "_Edward Blount_."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AN] _"Microcosmography; or, a Piece of the World characterized; in Essays
+and Characters. London, printed A.D. 1650. Salisbury, Reprinted and sold
+by E. Easton, 1786. Sold also by G. and T. Wilkie, St. Paul's Church-yard,
+London."_
+
+[AO] I regret extremely that I am unable to put the reader in possession
+of this very acute discoverer's name.
+
+[AP] This mistake originated with Langbaine, who, in his account of Lilly,
+calls Blount "a gentleman who has made himself known to the world by the
+several pieces of his own writing, (as _Horæ Subsecivæ_, his
+_Microcosmography_, &c.") _Dramatic Poets_, 8vo, 1691, p. 327.
+
+
+
+
+EDITIONS OF "MICROCOSMOGRAPHY."
+
+
+The first edition (of which the Bodleian possesses a copy, 8vo. P. 154.
+Theol.) was printed with the following title: "_Microcosmographie: or, a
+Peece of the World discovered; In Essayes and Characters. Newly composed
+for the Northerne parts of this Kingdome. At London. Printed by W. S. for
+Ed. Blount, 1628_." This contains only fifty-four characters[AQ], which in
+the present edition are placed first. I am unable to speak of any
+subsequent copy, till one in the following year, (1629), printed for
+Robert Allot[AR], and called in the title "_The first edition much
+enlarged_." This, as Mr. Henry Ellis kindly informs me, from a copy in the
+British Museum, possesses seventy-six characters. The _sixth_ was printed
+for Allot, in 1633, (_Bodl. Mar._ 441,) and has seventy-eight, the
+additional ones being "a herald," and "a suspicious, or jealous man." The
+_seventh_ appeared in 1638, for Andrew Crooke, agreeing precisely with the
+sixth; and in 1650 the _eighth_. A copy of the latter is in the curious
+library of Mr. Hill, and, as Mr. Park acquaints me, is without any
+specific edition numbered in the title. I omit that noticed by the editor
+of 1732, as printed in 1664, for if such a volume did exist, which I much
+doubt, it was nothing more than a copy of the eighth with a new
+title-page. In 1732 appeared the _ninth_, which was a reprint of the
+_sixth_, executed with care and judgment. I have endeavoured in vain to
+discover to whom we are indebted for this republication of bishop Earle's
+curious volume, but it is probable that the person who undertook it, found
+so little encouragement in his attempt to revive a taste for the
+productions of our early writers, that he suffered his name to remain
+unknown. Certain it is that the impression, probably not a large one, did
+not sell speedily, as I have seen a copy, bearing date 1740, under the
+name of "_The World display'd: or several Essays; consisting of the
+various Characters and Passions of its principal Inhabitants_," &c.
+London, printed for C. Ward, and R. Chandler. The edition printed at
+Salisbury, in 1786, (which has only seventy-four characters,) with that
+now offered to the public, close the list.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AQ] Having never seen or been able to hear of any copy of the second,
+third, or fourth editions, I am unable to point out when the additional
+characters first appeared.
+
+[AR] Robert Allot, better known as the editor of _England's Parnassus_,
+appears to have succeeded Blount in several of his copy-rights, among
+others, in that of Shakspeare, as the second edition (1632) was printed
+for him.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+  _Preface to the Reprint of 1897_                            vii.
+
+  Advertisement to the present edition (1811)                      xlv.
+
+  Preface to the edition of 1732                                 xlvii.
+
+  Advertisement to the edition of 1786                            xlix.
+
+  Editions of _Microcosmography_                               li.
+
+  Blount's Preface to the Reader                                   lix.
+
+
+  A child                                                                1
+
+  A young raw preacher                                                   4
+
+  A grave divine                                                         8
+
+  A meer dull physician                                                 11
+
+  An alderman                                                           16
+
+  A discontented man                                                    18
+
+  An antiquary                                                          20
+
+  A younger brother                                                     22
+
+  A meer formal man                                                     25
+
+  A church papist                                                       27
+
+  A self-conceited man                                                  29
+
+  A too idly reserved man                                               31
+
+  A tavern                                                              34
+
+  A shark                                                               37
+
+  A carrier                                                             40
+
+  A young man                                                           42
+
+  An old college butler                                                 45
+
+  An upstart country knight                                             48
+
+  An idle gallant                                                       51
+
+  A constable                                                           53
+
+  A downright scholar                                                   54
+
+  A plain country fellow                                                57
+
+  A player                                                              60
+
+  A detractor                                                           63
+
+  A young gentleman of the university                                   65
+
+  A weak man                                                            68
+
+  A tobacco-seller                                                      70
+
+  A pot poet                                                            71
+
+  A plausible man                                                       74
+
+  A bowl-alley                                                          76
+
+  The world's wise man                                                  78
+
+  A surgeon                                                             80
+
+  A contemplative man                                                   82
+
+  A she precise hypocrite                                               84
+
+  A sceptick in religion                                                88
+
+  An attorney                                                           93
+
+  A partial man                                                         95
+
+  A trumpeter                                                           97
+
+  A vulgar spirited man                                                 98
+
+  A plodding student                                                   101
+
+  Paul's walk                                                          103
+
+  A cook                                                               106
+
+  A bold forward man                                                   108
+
+  A baker                                                              111
+
+  A pretender to learning                                              112
+
+  A herald                                                             115
+
+  The common singing-men in cathedral churches                         116
+
+  A shop-keeper                                                        118
+
+  A blunt man                                                          119
+
+  A handsome hostess                                                   122
+
+  A critic                                                             123
+
+  A serjeant, or catch-pole                                            124
+
+  An university dun                                                    126
+
+  A stayed man                                                         128
+
+  [All from this character were added after the first edition.]
+
+  A modest man                                                         131
+
+  A meer empty wit                                                     134
+
+  A drunkard                                                           136
+
+  A prison                                                             138
+
+  A serving-man                                                        140
+
+  An insolent man                                                      142
+
+  Acquaintance                                                         144
+
+  A meer complimental man                                              147
+
+  A poor fiddler                                                       149
+
+  A meddling-man                                                       151
+
+  A good old man                                                       153
+
+  A flatterer                                                          155
+
+  A high spirited man                                                  158
+
+  A meer gull citizen                                                  160
+
+  A lascivious man                                                     165
+
+  A rash man                                                           167
+
+  An affected man                                                      169
+
+  A profane man                                                        171
+
+  A coward                                                             173
+
+  A sordid rich man                                                    174
+
+  A meer great man                                                     177
+
+  A poor man                                                           179
+
+  An ordinary honest man                                               181
+
+  A suspicious, or jealous man                                         183
+
+  APPENDIX.
+
+  Some account of bishop Earle[AS]                                     186
+
+  Characters of bishop Earle                                           194
+
+  List of Dr. Earle's Works                                            197
+
+  Lines on sir John Burroughs                                          199
+
+  Lines on the death of the earl of Pembroke                           201
+
+  Lines on Mr. Beaumont                                                203
+
+  Dedication to the Latin translation of the [Greek: Eikôn Basilikê]   207
+
+  Inscription on Dr. Heylin's monument                                 211
+
+  Correspondence between Dr. Earle and Mr. Bagster                     213
+
+  Inscription in Streglethorp church                                   217
+
+  Chronological List of Books of Characters, from 1567
+  to 1700                                                              219
+
+  Corrections and additions                                            279
+
+  A note on bishop Earle's arms, from _Guillim's Heraldry_             282
+
+  _Supplementary Appendix, 1897, (Durham MS., Letters
+  of Earle and Clarendon, etc.)_                                       303
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AS] It will be remarked, that Dr. Earle's name is frequently spelled
+_Earle_ and _Earles_ in the following pages. Wherever the editor has had
+occasion to use the name himself, he has invariably called it _Earle_,
+conceiving that to be the proper orthography. Wherever it is found
+_Earles_, he has attended strictly to the original, from which the article
+or information has been derived.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE READER[AT].
+
+
+I have (for once) adventured to play the midwife's part, helping to bring
+forth these infants into the world, which the father would have smothered;
+who having left them lapt up in loose sheets, as soon as his fancy was
+delivered of them, written especially for his private recreation, to pass
+away the time in the country, and by the forcible request of friends drawn
+from him: yet, passing severally from hand to hand, in written copies,
+grew at length to be a pretty number in a little volume: and among so many
+sundry dispersed transcripts, some very imperfect and surreptitious had
+liked to have passed the press, if the author had not used speedy means of
+prevention; when, perceiving the hazard he ran to be wronged, was
+unwillingly[AU] willing to let them pass as now they appear to the world.
+If any faults have escaped the press (as few books can be printed
+without), impose them not on the author, I intreat thee; but rather impute
+them to mine and the printer's oversight, who seriously promise, on the
+re-impression hereof, by greater care and diligence for this our former
+default, to make thee ample satisfaction. In the mean while, I remain
+
+  Thine,
+
+  ED. BLOUNT[AV].
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AT] _Gentile, or Gentle_, 8th edit. 1650.
+
+[AU] Willingly, 8th edit. evidently a typographical error.
+
+[AV] Edward Blount, who lived at the Black Bear, Saint Paul's Church-yard,
+appears to have been a bookseller of respectability, and in some respects
+a man of letters. Many dedications and prefaces, with as much merit as
+compositions of this nature generally possess, bear his name, and there is
+every reason to suppose that he translated a work from the Italian, which
+is intituled "_The Hospitall of Incurable Fooles_," &c. 4to. 1600. Mr.
+Ames has discovered, from the Stationer's Register, that he was the son of
+Ralph Blount or Blunt, merchant-taylor of London; that he was apprenticed
+to William Ponsonby, in 1578, and made free in 1588. It is no slight
+honour to his taste and judgment, that he was one of the partners in the
+first edition of Shakspeare.
+
+
+
+
+MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+_or_,
+
+_A piece of the World characterized_.
+
+
+
+
+I.
+
+A CHILD
+
+
+Is a man in a small letter, yet the best copy of Adam before he tasted of
+Eve or the apple; and he is happy whose small practice in the world can
+only write his character. He is nature's fresh picture newly drawn in oil,
+which time, and much handling, dims and defaces. His soul is yet a white
+paper[1] unscribbled with observations of the world, wherewith, at length,
+it becomes a blurred note-book. He is purely happy, because he knows no
+evil, nor hath made means by sin to be acquainted with misery. He arrives
+not at the mischief of being wise, nor endures evils to come, by
+fore-seeing them. He kisses and loves all, and, when the smart of the rod
+is past, smiles on his beater. Nature and his parents alike dandle him,
+and tice him on with a bait of sugar to a draught of wormwood. He plays
+yet, like a young prentice the first day, and is not come to his task of
+melancholy. [[2]All the language he speaks yet is tears, and they serve
+him well enough to express his necessity.] His hardest labour is his
+tongue, as if he were loath to use so deceitful an organ; and he is best
+company with it when he can but prattle. We laugh at his foolish ports,
+
+    Shakspeare, of a child, says,
+        "---- the hand of time
+        Shall draw this brief into as huge a volume."
+
+    _K. John II._ i.
+
+but his game is our earnest; and his drums, rattles, and hobby-horses, but
+the emblems and mocking of man's business. His father hath writ him as his
+own little story, wherein he reads those days of his life that he cannot
+remember, and sighs to see what innocence he hath out-lived. The elder he
+grows, he is a stair lower from God; and, like his first father, much
+worse in his breeches.[3] He is the Christian's example, and the old man's
+relapse; the one imitates his pureness, and the other falls into his
+simplicity. Could he put off his body with his little coat, he had got
+eternity without a burden, and exchanged but one heaven for another.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] So Washbourne, in his _Divine Poems_, 12mo. 1654:
+
+    "---- ere 'tis accustom'd unto sin,
+    _The mind white paper_ is, and will admit
+    Of any lesson you will write in it."--p. 26.
+
+
+
+[2] This, and every other passage throughout the volume, [included between
+brackets,] does not appear in the first edition of 1628.
+
+[3] Adam did not, to use the words of the old Geneva Bible, "make himself
+breeches," till he knew sin: the meaning of the passage in the text is
+merely that, as a child advances in age, he commonly proceeds in the
+knowledge and commission of vice and immorality.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+A YOUNG RAW PREACHER
+
+
+Is a bird not yet fledged, that hath hopped out of his nest to be chirping
+on a hedge, and will be straggling abroad at what peril soever. His
+backwardness in the university hath set him thus forward; for had he not
+truanted there, he had not been so hasty a divine. His small standing, and
+time, hath made him a proficient only in boldness, out of which, and his
+table-book, he is furnished for a preacher. His collections of study are
+the notes of sermons, which, taken up at St. Mary's,[4] he utters in the
+country: and if he write brachigraphy,[5] his stock is so much the
+better. His writing is more than his reading, for he reads only what he
+gets without book. Thus accomplished he comes down to his friends, and his
+first salutation is grace and peace out of the pulpit. His prayer is
+conceited, and no man remembers his college more at large.[6] The pace of
+his sermon is a full career, and he runs wildly over hill and dale, till
+the clock stop him. The labour of it is chiefly in his lungs; and the only
+thing he has made[7] _in_ it himself, is the faces. He takes on against
+the pope without mercy, and has a jest still in lavender for Bellarmine:
+yet he preaches heresy, if it comes in his way, though with a mind, I must
+needs say, very orthodox. His action is all passion, and his speech
+interjections. He has an excellent faculty in bemoaning the people, and
+spits with a very good grace. [His stile is compounded of twenty several
+men's, only his body imitates some one extraordinary.] He will not draw
+his handkercher out of his place, nor blow his nose without discretion.
+His commendation is, that he never looks upon book; and indeed he was
+never used to it. He preaches but once a year, though twice on Sunday; for
+the stuff is still the same, only the dressing a little altered: he has
+more tricks with a sermon, than a taylor with an old cloak, to turn it,
+and piece it, and at last quite disguise it with a new preface. If he have
+waded farther in his profession, and would shew reading of his own, his
+authors are postils, and his school-divinity a catechism. His fashion and
+demure habit gets him in with some town-precisian, and makes him a guest
+on Friday nights. You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape, and serge
+facing; and his ruff, next his hair, the shortest thing about him. The
+companion of his walk is some zealous tradesman, whom he astonishes with
+strange points, which they both understand alike. His friends and much
+painfulness may prefer him to thirty pounds a year, and this means to a
+chambermaid; with whom we leave him now in the bonds of wedlock:--next
+Sunday you shall have him again.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] St. Mary's church was originally built by king Alfred, and annexed to
+the University of Oxford, for the use of the scholars, when St. Giles's
+and St. Peter's (which were till then appropriated to them,) had been
+mined by the violence of the Danes. It was totally rebuilt during the
+reign of Henry VII., who gave forty oaks towards the materials; and is, to
+this day, the place of worship in which the public sermons are preached
+before the members of the university.
+
+[5] _Brachigraphy_, or short-hand-writing, appears to have been much
+studied in our author's time, and was probably esteemed a fashionable
+accomplishment. It was first introduced into this country by Peter Bales,
+who, in 1590, published _The Writing Schoolmaster_, a treatise consisting
+of three parts, the first "of Brachygraphie, that is, to write as fast as
+a man speaketh treatably, writing but one letter for a word;" the second,
+of Orthography; and the third, of Calligraphy. Imprinted at London, by T.
+Orwin, &c. 1590. 4to. A second edition, "with sundry new additions,"
+appeared in 1597. 12mo. Imprinted at London, by George Shawe, &c.
+Holinshed gives the following description of one of Bale's
+performances:--"The tenth of August (1575,) a rare peece of worke, and
+almost incredible, was brought to passe by an Englishman borne in the
+citie of London, named Peter Bales, who by his industrie and practise of
+his pen, contriued and writ within the compasse of a penie, in Latine, the
+Lord's praier, the creed, the ten commandements, a praier to God, a praier
+for the queene, his posie, his name, the daie of the moneth, the yeare of
+our Lord, and the reigne of the queene. And on the seuenteenthe of August
+next following, at Hampton court, he presented the same to the queene's
+maiestie, in the head of a ring of gold, couered with a christall; and
+presented therewith an excellent spectacle by him deuised, for the easier
+reading thereof: wherewith hir maiestie read all that was written therein
+with great admiration, and commended the same to the lords of the
+councell, and the ambassadors, and did weare the same manie times vpon hir
+finger." _Holinshed's Chronicle, page 1262, b. edit, folio, Lond. 1587._
+
+[6] It is customary in all sermons delivered before the University, to use
+an introductory prayer for the founder of, and principal benefactors to,
+the preacher's individual college, as well as for the officers and members
+of the university in general. This, however, would appear very ridiculous
+when "_he comes down to his friends_" or, in other words, preaches before
+a country congregation.
+
+[7] _of_, first edit. 1628.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+A GRAVE DIVINE
+
+
+Is one that knows the burthen of his calling, and hath studied to make his
+shoulders sufficient; for which he hath not been hasty to launch forth of
+his port, the university, but expected the ballast of learning, and the
+wind of opportunity. Divinity is not the beginning but the end of his
+studies; to which he takes the ordinary stair, and makes the arts his way.
+He counts it not prophaneness to be polished with human reading, or to
+smooth his way by Aristotle to school-divinity. He has sounded both
+religions, and anchored in the best, and is a protestant out of judgment,
+not faction; not because his country, but his reason is on this side. The
+ministry is his choice, not refuge, and yet the pulpit not his itch, but
+fear. His discourse is substance, not all rhetoric, and he utters more
+things than words. His speech is not helped with inforced action, but the
+matter acts itself. He shoots all his meditations at one but; and beats
+upon his text, not the cushion; making his hearers, not the pulpit groan.
+In citing of popish errors, he cuts them with arguments, not cudgels them
+with barren invectives; and labours more to shew the truth of his cause
+than the spleen. His sermon is limited by the method, not the hour-glass;
+and his devotion goes along with him out of the pulpit. He comes not up
+thrice a week, because he would not be idle; nor talks three hours
+together, because he would not talk nothing: but his tongue preaches at
+fit times, and his conversation is the every day's exercise. In matters
+of ceremony, he is not ceremonious, but thinks he owes that reverence to
+the church to bow his judgement to it, and make more conscience of schism,
+than a surplice. He esteems the church hierarchy as the church's glory,
+and however we jar with Rome, would not have our confusion distinguish us.
+In simoniacal purchases he thinks his soul goes in the bargain, and is
+loath to come by promotion so dear; yet his worth at length advances him,
+and the price of his own merit buys him a living. He is no base grater of
+his tythes, and will not wrangle for the odd egg. The lawyer is the only
+man he hinders, by whom he is spited for taking up quarrels. He is a main
+pillar of our church, though not yet dean or canon, and his life our
+religion's best apology. His death is the last sermon, where, in the
+pulpit of his bed, he instructs men to die by his example.[8]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] I cannot forbear to close this admirable character with the beautiful
+description of a "_poure Persone_," _riche of holy thought and werk_,
+given by the father of English poetry:--
+
+    "Benigne he was, and wonder diligent,
+    And in adversite ful patient:
+    And swiche he was ypreved often sithes.
+    Ful loth were him to cursen for his tythes,
+    But rather wolde he yeven out of doute,
+    Unto his poure parishens aboute,
+    Of his offring, and eke of his substance.
+    He coude in litel thing have suffisance.
+    Wide was his parish, and houses fer asonder,
+    But he ne left nought for no rain ne thonder,
+    In sikenesse and in mischief to visite
+    The ferrest in his parish, moche and lite,
+    Upon his fete, and in his hand a staf.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    And though he holy were, and vertuous,
+    He was to sinful men not dispitous,
+    Ne of his speche dangerous ne digne,
+    But in his teching discrete and benigne.
+    To drawen folk to heven, with fairenesse,
+    By good ensample, was his besinesse.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    He waited after no pompe ne reverence,
+    Ne maked him no spiced conscience,
+    But Cristes lore, and his apostles twelve,
+    He taught, but first he folwed it himselve."
+
+    _Chaucer, Prol. to Cant. Tales, v._ 485.
+
+We may surely conclude with a line from the same poem,
+
+    "A better preest I trowe that nowher non is."
+
+
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+A MEER DULL PHYSICIAN.
+
+
+His practice is some business at bedsides, and his speculation an urinal:
+he is distinguished from an empiric, by a round velvet cap and doctor's
+gown, yet no man takes degrees more superfluously, for he is doctor
+howsoever. He is sworn to Galen and Hippocrates, as university men to
+their statutes, though they never saw them; and his discourse is all
+aphorisms, though his reading be only Alexis of Piedmont,[9] or the
+Regiment of Health.[10] The best cure he has done, is upon his own purse,
+which from a lean sickliness he hath made lusty, and in flesh. His
+learning consists much in reckoning up the hard names of diseases, and the
+superscriptions of gally-pots in his apothecary's shop, which are ranked
+in his shelves, and the doctor's memory. He is, indeed, only languaged in
+diseases, and speaks Greek many times when he knows not. If he have been
+but a by-stander at some desperate recovery, he is slandered with it
+though he be guiltless; and this breeds his reputation, and that his
+practice, for his skill is merely opinion. Of all odours he likes best the
+smell of urine, and holds Vespasian's[11] rule, that no gain is unsavory.
+If you send this once to him you must resolve to be sick howsoever, for he
+will never leave examining your water, till he has shaked it into a
+disease:[12] then follows a writ to his drugger in a strange tongue, which
+he understands, though he cannot conster. If he see you himself, his
+presence is the worst visitation: for if he cannot heal your sickness, he
+will be sure to help it. He translates his apothecary's shop into your
+chamber, and the very windows and benches must take physic. He tells you
+your malady in Greek, though it be but a cold, or headach; which by good
+endeavour and diligence he may bring to some moment indeed. His most
+unfaithful act is, that he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
+death and he have a quarrel and must not meet; but his fear is, lest the
+carkass should bleed.[13] Anatomies, and other spectacles of mortality,
+have hardened him, and he is no more struck with a funeral than a
+grave-maker. Noble-men use him for a director of their stomach, and ladies
+for wantonness,[14] especially if he be a proper man.[15] If he be single,
+he is in league with his she-apothecary; and because it is the physician,
+the husband is patient. If he have leisure to be idle (that is to study,)
+he has a smatch at alcumy, and is sick of the philosopher's stone; a
+disease uncurable, but by an abundant phlebotomy of the purse. His two
+main opposites are a mountebank and a good woman, and he never shews his
+learning so much as in an invective against them and their boxes. In
+conclusion, he is a sucking consumption, and a very brother to the worms,
+for they are both engendered out of man's corruption.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[9] _The secretes of the reverende maister Alexis of Piemount, containyng
+excellente remedies against diuers diseases_, &c. appear to have been a
+very favourite study either with the physicians, or their patients, about
+this period.
+
+They were originally written in Italian, and were translated into English
+by William Warde, of which editions were printed at London, in 1558, 1562,
+1595, and 1615. In 1603, a _fourth_ edition of a Latin version appeared at
+Basil; and from Ward's dedication to "the lorde Russell, erle of Bedford,"
+it seems that the French and Dutch were not without so great a treasure in
+their own languages. A specimen of the importance of this publication may
+be given in the title of the first secret. "The maner and secrete to
+conserue a man's youth, and to holde back olde age, to maintaine a man
+always in helth and strength, as in the fayrest floure of his yeres."
+
+[10] _The Regiment of Helthe_, by Thomas Paynell, is another volume of the
+same description, and was printed by Thomas Berthelette, in 1541. 4to.
+
+[11] _Vespatian_, tenth emperor of Rome, imposed a tax upon urine, and
+when his son Titus remonstrated with him on the meanness of the act,
+"Pecuniam," says Suetonius, "ex prima pensione admovit ad nares, suscitans
+_num odore offenderetur_? et illo negante, atqui, inquit, e lotio est."
+
+[12] "Vpon the market-day he is much haunted with vrinals, where, if he
+finde any thing, (though he knowe nothing,) yet hee will say some-what,
+which if it hit to some purpose, with a fewe fustian words, hee will seeme
+a piece of strange stuffe." Character of an unworthy physician. "_The Good
+and the Badde_," by Nicholas Breton. 4to. 1618.
+
+[13] That the murdered body bleeds at the approach of the murderer, was,
+in our author's time, a commonly received opinion. Holinshed affirms that
+the corps of Henry the Sixth bled as it was carrying for interment; and
+Sir Kenelm Digby so firmly believed in the truth of the report, that he
+has endeavoured to explain the reason. It is remarked by Mr. Steevens, in
+a note to _Shakspeare_, that the opinion seems to be derived from the
+ancient Swedes, or Northern nations, from whom we descend; as they
+practised this method of trial in all dubious cases.
+
+[14]
+
+    "Faith, doctor, it is well, thy study is to please
+    The female sex, and how their corp'rall griefes to ease."
+
+Goddard's "_Mastif Whelp_." Satires. 4to. Without date. Sat. 17.
+
+[15] _Proper_ for handsome.
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+AN ALDERMAN.
+
+
+He is venerable in his gown, more in his beard, wherewith he sets not
+forth so much his own, as the face of a city. You must look on him as one
+of the town gates, and consider him not as a body, but a corporation. His
+eminency above others hath made him a man of worship, for he had never
+been preferred, but that he was worth thousands. He over-sees the
+commonwealth, as his shop, and it is an argument of his policy, that he
+has thriven by his craft. He is a rigorous magistrate in his ward; yet his
+scale of justice is suspected, lest it be like the balances in his
+warehouse. A ponderous man he is, and substantial, for his weight is
+commonly extraordinary, and in his preferment nothing rises so much as his
+belly. His head is of no great depth, yet well furnished; and when it is
+in conjunction with his brethren, may bring forth a city apophthegm, or
+some such sage matter. He is one that will not hastily run into error, for
+he treads with great deliberation, and his judgment consists much in his
+pace. His discourse is commonly the annals of his mayoralty, and what good
+government there was in the days of his gold chain, though the door posts
+were the only things that suffered reformation. He seems most sincerely
+religious, especially on solemn days; for he comes often to church to make
+a shew, [and is a part of the quire hangings.] He is the highest stair of
+his profession, and an example to his trade, what in time they may come
+to. He makes very much of his authority, but more of his sattin doublet,
+which, though of good years, bears its age very well, and looks fresh
+every Sunday: but his scarlet gown is a monument, and lasts from
+generation to generation.
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+A DISCONTENTED MAN
+
+
+Is one that is fallen out with the world, and will be revenged on himself.
+Fortune has denied him in something, and he now takes pet, and will be
+miserable in spite. The root of his disease is a self-humouring pride, and
+an accustomed tenderness not to be crossed in his fancy; and the occasion
+commonly of one of these three, a hard father, a peevish wench, or his
+ambition thwarted. He considered not the nature of the world till he felt
+it, and all blows fall on him heavier, because they light not first on his
+expectation. He has now foregone all but his pride, and is yet
+vain-glorious in the ostentation of his melancholy. His composure of
+himself is a studied carelessness, with his arms across, and a neglected
+hanging of his head and cloak; and he is as great an enemy to an hat-band,
+as fortune. He quarrels at the time and up-starts, and sighs at the
+neglect of men of parts, that is, such as himself. His life is a perpetual
+satyr, and he is still girding[16] the age's vanity, when this very anger
+shews he too much esteems it. He is much displeased to see men merry, and
+wonders what they can find to laugh at. He never draws his own lips higher
+than a smile, and frowns wrinkle him before forty. He at last falls into
+that deadly melancholy to be a bitter hater of men, and is the most apt
+companion for any mischief. He is the spark that kindles the commonwealth,
+and the bellows himself to blow it: and if he turn anything, it is
+commonly one of these, either friar, traitor, or mad-man.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[16] To _gird_, is to sneer at, or scorn any one. Falstaff says, "men of
+all sorts take a pride to _gird_ at me."--_Henry IV. Part 2._
+
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+AN ANTIQUARY;
+
+
+He is a man strangly thrifty of time past, and an enemy indeed to his maw,
+whence he fetches out many things when they are now all rotten and
+stinking. He is one that hath that unnatural disease to be enamoured of
+old age and wrinkles, and loves all things (as Dutchmen do cheese,) the
+better for being mouldy and worm-eaten. He is of our religion, because we
+say it is most antient; and yet a broken statue would almost make him an
+idolater. A great admirer he is of the rust of old monuments, and reads
+only those characters, where time hath eaten out the letters. He will go
+you forty miles to see a saint's well or a ruined abbey; and there be but
+a cross or stone foot-stool in the way, he'll be considering it so long,
+till he forget his journey. His estate consists much in shekels, and Roman
+coins; and he hath more pictures of Cæsar, than James or Elizabeth.
+Beggars cozen him with musty things which they have raked from dunghills,
+and he preserves their rags for precious relicks. He loves no library, but
+where there are more spiders volumes than authors, and looks with great
+admiration on the antique work of cobwebs. Printed books he contemns, as a
+novelty of this latter age, but a manuscript he pores on everlastingly,
+especially if the cover be all moth-eaten, and the dust make a parenthesis
+between every syllable. He would give all the books in his study (which
+are rarities all,) for one of the old Roman binding, or six lines of Tully
+in his own hand. His chamber is hung commonly with strange beasts skins,
+and is a kind of charnel-house of bones extraordinary; and his discourse
+upon them, if you will hear him, shall last longer. His very attire is
+that which is the eldest out of fashion, [[AW]_and you may pick a
+criticism out of his breeches_.] He never looks upon himself till he is
+grey-haired, and then he is pleased with his own antiquity. His grave
+does not fright him, for he has been used to sepulchers, and he likes
+death the better, because it gathers him to his fathers.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AW] In the first edition it stands thus:--"_and his hat is as antient as
+the tower of Babel_."
+
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+A YOUNGER BROTHER.
+
+
+His elder brother was the Esau, that came out first and left him like
+Jacob at his heels. His father has done with him, as Pharoah to the
+children of Israel, that would have them make brick and give them no
+straw, so he tasks him to be a gentleman, and leaves him nothing to
+maintain it. The pride of his house has undone him, which the elder's
+knighthood must sustain, and his beggary that knighthood. His birth and
+bringing up will not suffer him to descend to the means to get wealth; but
+he stands at the mercy of the world, and which is worse, of his brother.
+He is something better than the serving-men; yet they more saucy with him
+than he bold with the master, who beholds him with a countenance of stern
+awe, and checks him oftener than his liveries. His brother's old suits and
+he are much alike in request, and cast off now and then one to the other.
+Nature hath furnished him with a little more wit upon compassion, for it
+is like to be his best revenue. If his annuity stretch so far, he is sent
+to the university, and with great heart-burning takes upon him the
+ministry, as a profession he is condemned to by his ill fortune. Others
+take a more crooked path yet, the king's high-way; where at length their
+vizard is plucked off, and they strike fair for Tyburn: but their
+brother's pride, not love, gets them a pardon. His last refuge is the
+Low-countries,[17] where rags and lice are no scandal, where he lives a
+poor gentleman of a company, and dies without a shirt. The only thing that
+may better his fortunes is an art he has to make a gentlewoman, wherewith
+he baits now and then some rich widow that is hungry after his blood. He
+is commonly discontented and desperate, and the form of his exclamation
+is, _that churl my brother_. He loves not his country for this unnatural
+custom, and would have long since revolted to the Spaniard, but for
+Kent[18] only, which he holds in admiration.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[17] The Low-countries appear to have afforded ample room for ridicule at
+all times. In "_A brief Character of the Low-countries under the States,
+being Three Weeks Observation of the Vices and Virtues of the
+Inhabitants_, written by Owen Felltham, and printed Lond. 1659, 12mo. we
+find them epitomized as a general sea-land--the great bog of Europe--an
+universal quagmire--in short a green cheese in pickle. The sailors (in
+which denomination the author appears to include all the natives,) he
+describes as being able to "drink, rail, swear, niggle, steal, and be
+_lowsie_ alike. P. 40.
+
+[18] _Gavelkind_, or the practice of dividing lands equally among all the
+male children of the deceased, was (according to Spelman,) adopted by the
+Saxons, from Germany, and is noticed by Tacitus in his description of that
+nation. _Gloss. Archaiol._ folio. Lond. 1664. Harrison, in _The
+Description of England_, prefixed to Holinshed's _Chronicle_, (vol. 1.
+page 180,) says, "Gauell kind is all the male children equallie to
+inherit, and is continued to this daie in _Kent_, where it is onelie to my
+knowledge reteined, and no where else in England." And Lambarde, in his
+_Customes of Kent_, (_Perambulation_, 4to. 1596, page 538,) thus notices
+it:--"The custom of Grauelkynde is generall, and spreadeth itselfe
+throughout the whole shyre, into all landes subiect by auncient tenure
+vnto the same, such places onely excepted, where it is altered by acte of
+parleament."
+
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+A MEER FORMAL MAN
+
+
+Is somewhat more than the shape of a man; for he has his length, breadth,
+and colour. When you have seen his outside, you have looked through him,
+and need employ your discovery no farther. His reason is merely example,
+and his action is not guided by his understanding, but he sees other men
+do thus, and he follows them. He is a negative, for we cannot call him a
+wise man, but not a fool; nor an honest man, but not a knave; nor a
+protestant, but not a papist. The chief burden of his brain is the
+carriage of his body and the setting of his face in a good frame; which he
+performs the better, because he is not disjointed with other meditations.
+His religion is a good quiet subject, and he prays as he swears, in the
+phrase of the land. He is a fair guest, and a fair inviter, and can excuse
+his good cheer in the accustomed apology. He has some faculty in mangling
+of a rabbit, and the distribution of his morsel to a neighbour's trencher.
+He apprehends a jest by seeing men smile, and laughs orderly himself, when
+it comes to his turn. His businesses with his friends are to visit them,
+and whilst the business is no more, he can perform this well enough. His
+discourse is the news that he hath gathered in his walk, and for other
+matters his discretion is, that he will only what he can, that is, say
+nothing. His life is like one that runs to the[19]church-walk, to take a
+turn or two, and so passes. He hath staid in the world to fill a number;
+and when he is gone, there wants one, and there's an end.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[19] _Minster-walk_, 1st edit.
+
+
+
+
+X.
+
+A CHURCH-PAPIST
+
+
+Is one that parts his religion betwixt his conscience and his purse, and
+comes to church not to serve God but the king. The face of the law makes
+him wear the mask of the gospel, which he uses not as a means to save his
+soul, but charges. He loves Popery well, but is loth to lose by it; and
+though he be something scared with the bulls of Rome, yet they are far
+off, and he is struck with more terror at the apparitor. Once a month he
+presents himself at the church, to keep off the church-warden, and brings
+in his body to save his bail. He kneels with the congregation, but prays
+by himself, and asks God forgiveness for coming thither. If he be forced
+to stay out a sermon, he pulls his hat over his eyes, and frowns out the
+hour; and when he comes home, thinks to make amends for this fault by
+abusing the preacher. His main policy is to shift off the communion, for
+which he is never unfurnished of a quarrel, and will be sure to be out of
+charity at Easter; and indeed he lies not, for he has a quarrel to the
+sacrament. He would make a bad martyr and good traveller, for his
+conscience is so large he could never wander out of it; and in
+Constantinople would be circumcised with a reservation. His wife is more
+zealous and therefore more costly, and he bates her in tires[20] what she
+stands him in religion. But we leave him hatching plots against the state,
+and expecting Spinola.[21]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[20] The word _tire_ is probably here used as an abbreviation of the word
+_attire_, dress, ornament.
+
+[21] _Ambrose Spinola_ was one of the most celebrated and excellent
+commanders that Spain ever possessed: he was born, in 1569, of a noble
+family, and distinguished himself through life in being opposed to prince
+Maurice of Nassau, the greatest general of his age, by whom he was ever
+regarded with admiration and respect. He died in 1630, owing to a
+disadvantage sustained by his troops at the siege of Cassel, which was to
+be entirely attributed to the imprudent orders he received from Spain, and
+which that government compelled him to obey. This disaster broke his
+heart; and he died with the exclamation of "_they have robbed me of my
+honour_;" an idea he was unable to survive. It is probable that, at the
+time this character was composed, many of the disaffected in England were
+in expectation of an attack to be made on this country by the Spaniards,
+under the command of Spinola.
+
+
+
+
+XI.
+
+A SELF-CONCEITED MAN
+
+
+Is one that knows himself so well, that he does not know himself. Two
+excellent well-dones have undone him, and he is guilty of it that first
+commended him to madness. He is now become his own book, which he pores on
+continually, yet like a truant reader skips over the harsh places, and
+surveys only that which is pleasant. In the speculation of his own good
+parts, his eyes, like a drunkard's, see all double, and his fancy, like an
+old man's spectacles, make a great letter in a small print. He imagines
+every place where he comes his theater, and not a look stirring but his
+spectator; and conceives men's thoughts to be very idle, that is, [only]
+busy about him. His walk is still in the fashion of a march, and like his
+opinion unaccompanied, with his eyes most fixed upon his own person, or on
+others with reflection to himself. If he have done any thing that has past
+with applause, he is always re-acting it alone, and conceits the extasy
+his hearers were in at every period. His discourse is all positions and
+definitive decrees, with _thus it must be_ and _thus it is_, and he will
+not humble his authority to prove it. His tenent is always singular and
+aloof from the vulgar as he can, from which you must not hope to wrest
+him. He has an excellent humour for an heretick, and in these days made
+the first Arminian. He prefers Ramus before Aristotle, and Paracelsus
+before Galen,[22] [_and whosoever with most paradox is commended_.] He
+much pities the world that has no more insight in his parts, when he is
+too well discovered even to this very thought. A flatterer is a dunce to
+him, for he can tell him nothing but what he knows before: and yet he
+loves him too, because he is like himself. Men are merciful to him, and
+let him alone, for if he be once driven from his humour, he is like two
+inward friends fallen out: his own bitter enemy and discontent presently
+makes a murder. In sum, he is a bladder blown up with wind, which the
+least flaw crushes to nothing.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[22] _and Lipsius his hopping stile before either Tully or Quintilian._
+First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XII.
+
+A TOO IDLY RESERVED MAN
+
+
+Is one that is a fool with discretion, or a strange piece of politician,
+that manages the state of himself. His actions are his privy-council,
+wherein no man must partake beside. He speaks under rule and prescription,
+and dare not shew his teeth without Machiavel. He converses with his
+neighbours as he would in Spain, and fears an inquisitive man as much as
+the inquisition. He suspects all questions for examinations, and thinks
+you would pick something out of him, and avoids you. His breast is like a
+gentlewoman's closet, which locks up every toy or trifle, or some bragging
+mountebank that makes every stinking thing a secret. He delivers you
+common matters with great conjuration of silence, and whispers you in the
+ear acts of parliament. You may as soon wrest a tooth from him as a paper,
+and whatsoever he reads is letters. He dares not talk of great men for
+fear of bad comments, and _he knows not how his words may be misapplied_.
+Ask his opinion, and he tells you his doubt; and he never hears any thing
+more astonishedly than what he knows before. His words are like the cards
+at primivist,[23] where 6 is 18, and 7, 21; for they never signify what
+they sound; but if he tell you he will do a thing, it is as much as if he
+swore he would not. He is one, indeed, that takes all men to be craftier
+than they are, and puts himself to a great deal of affliction to hinder
+their plots and designs, where they mean freely. He has been long a riddle
+himself, but at last finds OEdipuses; for his over-acted dissimulation
+discovers him, and men do with him as they would with Hebrew letters,
+spell him backwards and read him.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[23] _Primivist_ and primero were, in all probability, the same game,
+although Minshew, in his Dictionary, calls them "two games at cardes." The
+latter he explains "primum et primum visum, that is, first and first
+seene, because hee that can shew such an order of cardes, first winnes the
+game." The coincidence between Mr. Strutt's description of the former and
+the passage in the text, shews that there could be little or no difference
+between the value of the cards in these games, or in the manner of playing
+them. "Each player has four cards dealt to him, one by one, the _seven_
+was the highest card, in point of number, that he could avail himself of,
+_which counted for twenty-one_, the six _counted for sixteen_, the five
+for fifteen, and the ace for the same," &c. (_Sports and Pastimes_, 247.)
+The honourable Daines Barrington conceived that Primero was introduced by
+Philip the Second, or some of his suite, whilst in England. Shakspeare
+proves that it was played in the royal circle.
+
+    ----"I left him (Henry VIII.) at _Primero_
+    With the duke of Suffolk."----
+
+    _Henry VIII._
+
+So Decker: "Talke of none but lords and such ladies with whom you have
+plaid at _Primero_."--_Gul's Hornebooke_, 1609. 37.
+
+Among the marquis of Worcester's celebrated "_Century of Inventions_,"
+12mo. 1663, is one "so contrived without suspicion, that playing at
+Primero at cards, one may, without clogging his memory, keep reckoning of
+all sixes, sevens, and aces, which he hath discarded."--No. 87.
+
+
+
+
+XIII.
+
+A TAVERN
+
+
+Is a degree, or (if you will,) a pair of stairs above an ale-house, where
+men are drunk with more credit and apology. If the vintner's nose[24] be
+at door, it is a sign sufficient, but the absence of this is supplied by
+the ivy-bush: the rooms are ill breathed like the drinkers that have been
+washed well over night, and are smelt-to fasting next morning; not
+furnished with beds apt to be defiled, but more necessary implements,
+stools, table, and a chamber-pot. It is a broacher of more news than
+hogsheads, and more jests than news, which are sucked up here by some
+spongy brain, and from thence squeezed into a comedy. Men come here to
+make merry, but indeed make a noise, and this musick above is answered
+with the clinking below. The drawers are the civilest people in it, men of
+good bringing up, and howsoever we esteem of them, none can boast more
+justly of their high calling. 'Tis the best theater of natures, where they
+are truly acted, not played, and the business as in the rest of the world
+up and down, to wit, from the bottom of the cellar to the great chamber. A
+melancholy man would find here matter to work upon, to see heads as
+brittle as glasses, and often broken; men come hither to quarrel, and come
+hither to be made friends: and if Plutarch will lend me his simile, it is
+even Telephus's sword that makes wounds and cures them. It is the common
+consumption of the afternoon, and the murderer or maker-away of a rainy
+day. It is the torrid zone that scorches _the_[25] face, and tobacco the
+gun-powder that blows it up. Much harm would be done, if the charitable
+vintner had not water ready for these flames. A house of sin you may call
+it, but not a house of darkness, for the candles are never out; and it is
+like those countries far in the North, where it is as clear at mid-night
+as at mid-day. After a long sitting, it becomes like a street in a dashing
+shower, where the spouts are flushing above, and the conduits running
+below, while the Jordans like swelling rivers overflow their banks. To
+give you the total reckoning of it; it is the busy man's recreation, the
+idle man's business, the melancholy man's sanctuary, the stranger's
+welcome, the inns-of-court man's entertainment, the scholar's kindness,
+and the citizen's courtesy. It is the study of sparkling wits, and a cup
+of canary[26] their book, whence we leave them.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[24] "Enquire out those tauernes which are best customd, whose maistres
+are oftenest drunk, for that confirmes their taste, and that they choose
+wholesome wines."--Decker's _Gul's Horne-booke_, 1609.
+
+[25] _his_, First edit.
+
+[26] The editor of the edition in 1732, has altered _canary_ to "_sherry_"
+for what reason I am at a loss to discover, and have consequently restored
+the reading of the first edition. Venner gives the following description
+of this favourite liquor. "Canarie-wine, which beareth the name of the
+islands from whence it is brought, is of some termed a sacke, with this
+adjunct, sweete; but yet very improperly, for it differeth not only from
+sacke in sweetness and pleasantness of taste, but also in colour and
+consistence, for it is not so white in colour as sack, nor so thin in
+substance; wherefore it is more nutritive than sack, and less
+penetrative." _Via recta ad Vitam longum._ 4to. 1622. In Howell's time,
+Canary wine was much adulterated. "I think," says he, in one of his
+_Letters_, "there is more Canary brought into England than to all the
+world besides; I think also, there is a hundred times more drunk under the
+name of Canary wine, than there is brought in; for Sherries and Malagas,
+well mingled, pass for Canaries in most taverns. When Sacks and Canaries,"
+he continues, "were brought in first amongst us, they were used to be
+drunk in aqua vitæ measures, and 'twas held fit only for those to drink
+who were used to _carry their legs in their hands_, _their eyes upon their
+noses_, and an _almanack in their bones_; but now they go down every one's
+throat, both young and old, like milk." Howell, _Letter to the lord
+Cliff_, dated Oct. 7, 1634.
+
+
+
+
+XIV.
+
+A SHARK
+
+
+Is one whom all other means have failed, and he now lives of himself. He
+is some needy cashiered fellow, whom the world hath oft flung off, yet
+still clasps again, and is like one a drowning, fastens upon anything that
+is next at hand. Amongst other of his shipwrecks he has happily lost
+shame, and this want supplies him. No man puts his brain to more use than
+he, for his life is a daily invention, and each meal a new stratagem. He
+has an excellent memory for his acquaintance, though there passed but _how
+do you_ betwixt them seven years ago, it shall suffice for an embrace, and
+that for money. He offers you a pottle of sack out of joy to see you, and
+in requital of his courtesy you can do no less than pay for it. He is
+fumbling with his purse-strings, as a school-boy with his points, when he
+is going to be whipped, 'till the master, weary with long stay, forgives
+him. When the reckoning is paid, he says, It must not be so, yet is strait
+pacified, and cries, What remedy? His borrowings are like subsidies, each
+man a shilling or two, as he can well dispend; which they lend him, not
+with a hope to be repaid, but that he will come no more. He holds a
+strange tyrrany over men, for he is their debtor, and they fear him as a
+creditor. He is proud of any employment, though it be but to carry
+commendations, which he will be sure to deliver at eleven of the
+clock.[27] They in courtesy bid him stay, and he in manners cannot deny
+them. If he find but a good look to assure his welcome, he becomes their
+half-boarder, and haunts the threshold so long 'till he forces good nature
+to the necessity of a quarrel. Publick invitations he will not wrong with
+his absence, and is the best witness of the sheriff's hospitality.[28] Men
+shun him at length as they would do an infection, and he is never crossed
+in his way if there be but a lane to escape him. He has done with the age
+as his clothes to him, hung on as long as he could, and at last drops off.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[27] We learn from Harrison's _Description of England_, prefixed to
+Holinshed, that _eleven o'clock_ was the usual time for dinner during the
+reign of Elizabeth. "With vs the nobilitie, gentrie, and students, doo
+ordinarilie go to dinner at _eleuen before noone_, and to supper at fiue,
+or between fiue and six at afternoon." (vol. i. page 171. edit. 1587.) The
+alteration in manners at this time is rather singularly evinced, from a
+passage immediately following the above quotation, where we find that
+_merchants_ and _husbandmen_ dined and supped at a _later hour than the
+nobility_.
+
+[28] Alluding to the public dinners given by the sheriff at particular
+seasons of the year. So in _The Widow_, a comedy, 4to. 1652.
+
+    "And as at a _sheriff's table_, O blest custome!
+    A poor indebted gentleman may dine,
+    Feed well, and without fear, and depart so."
+
+
+
+
+
+
+XV.
+
+A CARRIER
+
+
+Is his own hackney-man; for he lets himself out to travel as well as his
+horses. He is the ordinary embassador between friend and friend, the
+father and the son, and brings rich presents to the one, but never returns
+any back again. He is no unlettered man, though in shew simple; for
+questionless, he has much in his budget, which he can utter too in fit
+time and place. He is [like] the vault[29] in Gloster church, that
+conveys whispers at a distance, for he takes the sound out of your mouth
+at York, and makes it be heard as far as London. He is the young student's
+joy and expectation, and the most accepted guest, to whom they lend a
+willing hand to discharge him of his burden. His first greeting is
+commonly, _Your friends are well_; [_and to prove it_][30] in a piece of
+gold delivers their blessing. You would think him a churlish blunt fellow,
+but they find in him many tokens of humanity. He is a great afflicter of
+the high-ways, and beats them out of measure; which injury is sometimes
+revenged by the purse-taker, and then the voyage miscarries. No man
+domineers more in his inn, nor calls his host unreverently with more
+presumption, and this arrogance proceeds out of the strength of his
+horses. He forgets not his load where he takes his ease, for he is drunk
+commonly before he goes to bed. He is like the prodigal child, still
+packing away and still returning again. But let him pass.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[29] The chapel of the Virgin Mary, in the cathedral church of Gloucester,
+was founded by Richard Stanley, abbot, in 1457, and finished by William
+Farley, a monk of the monastery, in 1472. Sir Robert Atkyns gives the
+following description of the vault here alluded to. "The _whispering
+place_ is very remarkable; it is a long alley, from one side of the choir
+to the other, built circular, that it might not darken the great east
+window of the choir. When a person whispers at one end of the alley, his
+voice is heard distinctly at the other end, though the passage be open in
+the middle, having large spaces for doors and windows on the east side. It
+may be imputed to the close cement of the wall, which makes it as one
+entire stone, and so conveys the voice, as a long piece of timber does
+convey the least stroak to the other end. Others assign it to the
+repercussion of the voice from accidental angles." _Atkyns' Ancient and
+Present State of Glostershire. Lond. 1712, folio, page 128._ See also
+_Fuller's Worthies, in Gloucestershire, page 351_.
+
+[30] _Then in a piece of gold_, &c. first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XVI.
+
+A YOUNG MAN;
+
+
+He is now out of nature's protection, though not yet able to guide
+himself; but left loose to the world and fortune, from which the weakness
+of his childhood preserved him; and now his strength exposes him. He is,
+indeed, just of age to be miserable, yet in his own conceit first begins
+to be happy; and he is happier in this imagination, and his misery not
+felt is less. He sees yet but the outside of the world and men, and
+conceives them, according to their appearing, glister, and out of this
+ignorance believes them. He pursues all vanities for happiness, and
+[31][_enjoys them best in this fancy._] His reason serves, not to curb but
+understand his appetite, and prosecute the motions thereof with a more
+eager earnestness. Himself is his own temptation, and needs not Satan, and
+the world will come hereafter. He leaves repentance for grey hairs, and
+performs it in being covetous. He is mingled with the vices of the age as
+the fashion and custom, with which he longs to be acquainted, and sins to
+better his understanding. He conceives his youth as the season of his
+lust, and the hour wherein he ought to be bad; and because he would not
+lose his time, spends it. He distastes religion as a sad thing, and is six
+years elder for a thought of heaven. He scorns and fears, and yet hopes
+for old age, but dare not imagine it with wrinkles. He loves and hates
+with the same inflammation, and when the heat is over is cool alike to
+friends and enemies. His friendship is seldom so stedfast, but that lust,
+drink, or anger may overturn it. He offers you his blood to-day in
+kindness, and is ready to take yours to-morrow. He does seldom any thing
+which he wishes not to do again, and is only wise after a misfortune. He
+suffers much for his knowledge, and a great deal of folly it is makes him
+a wise man. He is free from many vices, by being not grown to the
+performance, and is only more virtuous out of weakness. Every action is
+his danger, and every man his ambush. He is a ship without pilot or
+tackling, and only good fortune may steer him. If he scape this age, he
+has scaped a tempest, and may live to be a man.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[31] _Whilst he has not yet got them, enjoys them_, First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XVII.
+
+AN OLD COLLEGE BUTLER
+
+
+Is none of the worst students in the house, for he keeps the set hours at
+his book more duly than any. His authority is great over men's good names,
+which he charges many times with shrewd aspersions, which they hardly wipe
+off without payment. [His box and counters prove him to be a man of
+reckoning, yet] he is stricter in his accounts than a usurer, and delivers
+not a farthing without writing. He doubles the pains of Gollobelgicus,[32]
+for his books go out once a quarter, and they are much in the same
+nature, brief notes and sums of affairs, and are out of request as soon.
+His comings in are like a taylor's, from the shreds of bread, [the]
+chippings and remnants of a broken crust; excepting his vails from the
+barrel, which poor folks buy for their hogs but drink themselves. He
+divides an halfpenny loaf with more subtlety than Keckerman,[33] and
+sub-divides the _à primo ortum_ so nicely, that a stomach of great
+capacity can hardly apprehend it. He is a very sober man, considering his
+manifold temptations of drink and strangers; and if he be overseen, 'tis
+within his own liberties, and no man ought to take exception. He is never
+so well pleased with his place as when a gentleman is beholden to him for
+shewing him the buttery, whom he greets with a cup of single beer and
+sliced manchet,[34] and tells him it is the fashion of the college. He
+domineers over freshmen when they first come to the hatch, and puzzles
+them with strange language of cues and cees, and some broken Latin which
+he has learnt at his bin. His faculties extraordinary is the warming of a
+pair of cards, and telling out a dozen of counters for post and pair, and
+no man is more methodical in these businesses. Thus he spends his age till
+the tap of it is run out, and then a fresh one is set abroach.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[32] Gallo-Belgicus was erroneously supposed, by the ingenious Mr. Reed,
+to be the "first news-paper published in England;" we are, however,
+assured by the author of the "Life of Ruddiman," that it has no title to
+so honourable a distinction. Gallo-Belgicus appears to have been rather an
+_Annual Register_, or _History of its own Times_, than a news-paper. It
+was written in Latin, and entitled. "MERCURIJ GALLO-BELGICI: _sive, rerum
+in Gallia, et Belgio potissimum: Hispania quoque, Italia, Anglia,
+Germania, Polonia. Vicinisque locis ab anno 1588, ad Martium anni 1594,
+gestarum_, NUNCIJ." The first volume was printed in 8vo. at Cologne, 1598;
+from which year, to about 1605, it was published annually; and from thence
+to the time of its conclusion, which is uncertain, it appeared in
+_half-yearly_ volumes. Chalmers' _Life of Ruddiman_, 1794. The great
+request in which newspapers were held at the publication of the present
+work, may be gathered from Burton, who, in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_,
+complains that "if any read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or a pamphlet
+of newes."
+
+[33] Bartholomew Keckerman was born at Dantzick, in Prussia, 1571, and
+educated under Fabricius. Being eminently distinguished for his abilities
+and application, he was, in 1597, requested, by the senate of Dantzick, to
+take upon him the management of their academy; an honour he then declined,
+but accepted, on a second application, in 1601. Here he proposed to
+instruct his pupils in the complete science of philosophy in the short
+space of three years, and, for that purpose, drew up a great number of
+books upon logic, rhetoric, ethics, politics, physics, metaphysics,
+geography, astronomy, &c. &c. till, as it is said, literally worn out with
+scholastic drudgery, he died at the early age of 38.
+
+[34] Of bread made of wheat we have sundrie sorts dailie brought to the
+table, whereof the first and most excellent is the _mainchet_, which we
+commonlie call white bread. Harrison, _Description of England_ prefixed to
+Holinshed, chap. 6.
+
+
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+AN UPSTART COUNTRY KNIGHT
+
+
+[_Is a holiday clown, and differs only in the stuff of his clothes, not
+the stuff of himself_,][35] for he bare the king's sword before he had
+arms to wield it; yet being once laid o'er the shoulder with a knighthood,
+he finds the herald his friend. His father was a man of good stock, though
+but a tanner or usurer; he purchased the land, and his son the title. He
+has doffed off the name of a [36][_country fellow_,] but the look not so
+easy, and his face still bears a relish of churne-milk. He is guarded with
+more gold lace than all the gentlemen of the country, yet his body makes
+his clothes still out of fashion. His house-keeping is seen much in the
+distinct families of dogs, and serving-men attendant on their kennels, and
+the deepness of their throats is the depth of his discourse. A hawk he
+esteems the true burden of nobility,[37] and is exceeding ambitious to
+seem delighted in the sport, and have his fist gloved with his
+jesses.[38] A justice of peace he is to domineer in his parish, and do his
+neighbour wrong with more right.[39] He will be drunk with his hunters for
+company, and stain his gentility with droppings of ale. He is fearful of
+being sheriff of the shire by instinct, and dreads the assize-week as much
+as the prisoner. In sum, he's but a clod of his own earth, or his land is
+the dunghill and he the cock that crows over it: and commonly his race is
+quickly run, and his children's children, though they escape hanging,
+return to the place from whence they came.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[35] _His honour was somewhat preposterous, for he bare_, &c. first edit.
+
+[36] _Clown_, first edit.
+
+[37] The art of hawking has been so frequently and so fully explained,
+that it would be superfluous, if not arrogant, to trace its progress, or
+delineate its history, in this place. In the earliest periods it appears
+to have been exclusively practised by the nobility; and, indeed, the great
+expense at which the amusement was supported, seems to have been a
+sufficient reason for deterring persons of more moderate income, and of
+inferior rank, from indulging in the pursuit. In the _Sports and Pastimes_
+of Mr. Strutt, a variety of instances are given of the importance attached
+to the office of falconer, and of the immense value of, and high
+estimation the birds themselves were held in from the commencement of the
+Norman government, down to the reign of James I. in which sir Thomas
+Monson gave _1000l._ for a cast of hawks, which consisted of only _two_.
+
+The great increase of wealth, and the consequent equalization of property
+in this country, about the reign of Elizabeth, induced many of inferior
+birth to practise the amusements of their superiors, which they did
+without regard to expense, or indeed propriety. Sir Thomas Elyot, in his
+_Governour_ (1580), complains that the falkons of his day consumed so much
+poultry, that, in a few years, he feared there would be a great scarcity
+of it. "I speake not this," says he, "in disprayse of the faukons, but of
+them which keepeth them lyke cockneyes." A reproof, there can be no doubt,
+applicable to the character in the text.
+
+[38] A term in hawking, signifying the short straps of leather which are
+fastened to the hawk's legs, by which she is held on the fist, or joined
+to the leash. They were sometimes made of silk, as appears from ¶ _The
+Boke of hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshynge, with all the propertyes and
+medecynes that are necessarye to be kepte_: "Hawkes haue aboute theyr
+legges gesses made of lether most comonly, some of sylke, which shuld be
+no lenger but that the knottes of them shulde appere in the myddes of the
+lefte hande," &c. _Juliana Barnes._ edit. 4to. "_Imprynted at London in
+Pouls chyrchyarde by me Hery Tab._" sig. C. ii.
+
+[39] _This authority of his is that club which keeps them under as his
+dogs hereafter._ First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XIX.
+
+AN IDLE GALLANT
+
+
+Is one that was born and shaped for his cloaths; and, if Adam had not
+fallen, had lived to no purpose. He gratulates therefore the first sin,
+and fig-leaves that were an occasion of [his] bravery. His first care is
+his dress, the next his body, and in the uniting of these two lies his
+soul and its faculties. He observes London trulier than the terms, and his
+business is the street, the stage, the court, and those places where a
+proper man is best shown. If he be qualified in gaming extraordinary, he
+is so much the more genteel and compleat, and he learns the best oaths for
+the purpose. These are a great part of his discourse, and he is as curious
+in their newness as the fashion. His other talk is ladies and such pretty
+things, or some jest at a play. His pick-tooth bears a great part in his
+discourse, so does his body, the upper parts whereof are as starched as
+his linnen, and perchance use the same laundress. He has learned to ruffle
+his face from his boot, and takes great delight in his walk to hear his
+spurs gingle. Though his life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very
+careful of the time, for he is still drawing his watch out of his pocket,
+and spends part of his hours in numbering them. He is one never serious
+but with his taylor, when he is in conspiracy for the next device. He is
+furnished with his jests, as some wanderer with sermons, some three for
+all congregations, one especially against the scholar, a man to him much
+ridiculous, whom he knows by no other definition, but a silly fellow in
+black. He is a kind of walking mercer's shop, and shows you one stuff
+to-day and another to-morrow; an ornament to the room he comes in as the
+fair bed and hangings be; and it is meerly ratable accordingly, fifty or a
+hundred pounds as his suit is. His main ambition is to get a knight-hood,
+and then an old lady, which if he be happy in, he fills the stage and a
+coach so much longer: Otherwise, himself and his cloaths grow stale
+together, and he is buried commonly ere he dies in the gaol, or the
+country.
+
+
+
+
+XX.
+
+A CONSTABLE
+
+
+Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the
+king's officer. His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has
+commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.
+He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning
+draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.
+Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock,
+whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man,
+and the beadle. He is a great stickler in the tumults of double jugs, and
+ventures his head by his place, which is broke many times to keep whole
+the peace. He is never so much in his majesty as in his night-watch, where
+he sits in his chair of state, a shop-stall, and invironed with a guard of
+halberts, examines all passengers. He is a very careful man in his office,
+but if he stay up after midnight you shall take him napping.
+
+
+
+
+XXI.
+
+A DOWN-RIGHT SCHOLAR
+
+
+Is one that has much learning in the ore, unwrought and untried, which
+time and experience fashions and refines. He is good metal in the inside,
+though rough and unscoured without, and therefore hated of the courtier,
+that is quite contrary. The time has got a vein of making him ridiculous,
+and men laugh at him by tradition, and no unlucky absurdity but is put
+upon his profession, and done like a scholar. But his fault is only this,
+that his mind is [somewhat] too much taken up with his mind, and his
+thoughts not loaden with any carriage besides. He has not put on the
+quaint garb of the age, which is now a man's [_Imprimis and all the
+Item_.[40]] He has not humbled his meditations to the industry of
+complement, nor afflicted his brain in an elaborate leg. His body is not
+set upon nice pins, to be turning and flexible for every motion, but his
+scrape is homely and his nod worse. He cannot kiss his hand and cry,
+madam, nor talk idle enough to bear her company. His smacking of a
+gentlewoman is somewhat too savory, and he mistakes her nose for her lips.
+A very woodcock would puzzle him in carving, and he wants the logick of a
+capon. He has not the glib faculty of sliding over a tale, but his words
+come squeamishly out of his mouth, and the laughter commonly before the
+jest. He names this word college too often, and his discourse beats too
+much on the university. The perplexity of mannerliness will not let him
+feed, and he is sharp set at an argument when he should cut his meat. He
+is discarded for a gamester at all games but one and thirty,[41] and at
+tables he reaches not beyond doublets. His fingers are not long and drawn
+out to handle a fiddle, but his fist clunched with the habit of disputing.
+He ascends a horse somewhat sinisterly, though not on the left side, and
+they both go jogging in grief together. He is exceedingly censured by the
+inns-of-court men, for that heinous vice being out of fashion. He cannot
+speak to a dog in his own dialect, and understands Greek better than the
+language of a falconer. He has been used to a dark room, and dark
+cloathes, and his eyes dazzle at a sattin suit. The hermitage of his
+study, has made him somewhat uncouth in the world, and men make him worse
+by staring on him. Thus is he [silly and] ridiculous, and it continues
+with him for some quarter of a year out of the university. But practise
+him a little in men, and brush him over with good company, and he shall
+out-ballance those glisterers, as far as a solid substance does a feather,
+or gold, gold-lace.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[40] _Now become a man's total_, first edit.
+
+[41] Of the game called _one and thirty_, I am unable to find any mention
+in Mr. Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_, nor is it alluded to in any of the
+old plays or tracts I have yet met with. A very satisfactory account of
+_tables_ may be read in the interesting and valuable publication just
+noticed.
+
+
+
+
+XXII.
+
+A PLAIN COUNTRY FELLOW
+
+
+Is one that manures his ground well, but lets himself lye fallow and
+untilled. He has reason enough to do his business, and not enough to be
+idle or melancholy. He seems to have the punishment of _Nebuchadnezzar_,
+for his conversation is among beasts, and his tallons none of the
+shortest, only he eats not grass, because he loves not sallets. His hand
+guides the plough, and the plough his thoughts, and his ditch and
+land-mark is the very mound of his meditations. He expostulates with his
+oxen very understandingly, and speaks gee, and ree, better than English.
+His mind is not much distracted with objects, but if a good fat cow come
+in his way, he stands dumb and astonished, and though his haste be never
+so great, will fix here half an hour's contemplation. His habitation is
+some poor thatched roof, distinguished from his barn by the loopholes that
+let out smoak, which the rain had long since washed through, but for the
+double ceiling of bacon on the inside, which has hung there from his
+grandsire's time, and is yet to make rashers for posterity. His dinner is
+his other work, for he sweats at it as much as at his labour; he is a
+terrible fastner on a piece of beef, and you may hope to stave the guard
+off sooner. His religion is a part of his copy-hold, which he takes from
+his land-lord, and refers it wholly to his discretion: Yet if he give him
+leave he is a good Christian to his power, (that is,) comes to church in
+his best cloaths, and sits there with his neighbours, where he is capable
+only of two prayers, for rain, and fair weather. He apprehends God's
+blessings only in a good year, or a fat pasture, and never praises him but
+on _good ground_. Sunday he esteems a day to make merry in, and thinks a
+bag-pipe as essential to it as evening-prayer, where he walks very
+solemnly after service, with his hands coupled behind him, and censures
+the dancing of his parish. [His compliment with his neighbour is a good
+thump on the back, and his salutation commonly some blunt curse.] He
+thinks nothing to be vices, but pride and ill husbandry, from which he
+will gravely dissuade the youth, and has some thrifty hob-nail proverbs to
+clout his discourse. He is a niggard all the week, except only market-day,
+where, if his corn sell well, he thinks he may be drunk with a good
+conscience. His feet never stink so unbecomingly as when he trots after a
+lawyer in Westminster-hall, and even cleaves the ground with hard scraping
+in beseeching his worship to take his money. He is sensible of no calamity
+but the burning a stack of corn or the overflowing of a meadow, and
+thinks Noah's flood the greatest plague that ever was, not because it
+drowned the world, but spoiled the grass. For death he is never troubled,
+and if he get in but his harvest before, let it come when it will, he
+cares not.
+
+
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+A PLAYER.
+
+
+He knows the right use of the world, wherein he comes to play a part and
+so away. His life is not idle, for it is all action, and no man need be
+more wary in his doings, for the eyes of all men are upon him. His
+profession has in it a kind of contradiction, for none is more disliked,
+and yet none more applauded; and he has the misfortune of some scholar,
+too much wit makes him a fool. He is like our painting gentlewomen, seldom
+in his own face, seldomer in his cloaths; and he pleases, the better he
+counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for gold lace.
+He does not only personate on the stage, but sometimes in the street, for
+he is masked still in the habit of a gentleman. His parts find him oaths
+and good words, which he keeps for his use and discourse, and makes shew
+with them of a fashionable companion. He is tragical on the stage, but
+rampant in the tiring-house,[42] and swears oaths there which he never
+conned. The waiting women spectators are over-ears in love with him, and
+ladies send for him to act in their chambers. Your inns-of-court men were
+undone but for him, he is their chief guest and employment, and the sole
+business that makes them afternoon's-men. The poet only is his tyrant, and
+he is bound to make his friend's friend drunk at his charge.
+Shrove-Tuesday he fears as much as the bauds, and Lent[43] is more damage
+to him than the butcher. He was never so much discredited as in one act,
+and that was of parliament, which gives hostlers priviledge before him,
+for which he abhors it more than a corrupt judge. But to give him his due,
+one well-furnished actor has enough in him for five common gentlemen, and,
+if he have a good body, [for six, and] for resolution he shall challenge
+any Cato, for it has been his practice to die bravely.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[42] The room where the performers dress, previous to coming on the stage.
+
+[43] This passage affords a proof of what has been doubted, namely, that
+the theatres were not permitted to be open during Lent, in the reign of
+James I. The restriction was waved in the next reign, as we find from the
+Puritanical Prynne:--"There are none so much addicted to stage-playes, but
+when they goe unto places where they cannot have them, or when, as they
+are suppressed by publike authority, (as in times of pestilence, and in
+_Lent, till now of late_,) can well subsist without them," &c.
+_Histrio-Mastix_, 4to. _Lond. 1633. page 384._
+
+
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+A DETRACTOR
+
+
+Is one of a more cunning and active envy, wherewith he gnaws not foolishly
+himself, but throws it abroad and would have it blister others. He is
+commonly some weak parted fellow, and worse minded, yet is strangely
+ambitious to match others, not by mounting their worth, but bringing them
+down with his tongue to his own poorness. He is indeed like the red dragon
+that pursued the woman, for when he cannot over-reach another, he opens
+his mouth and throws a flood after to drown him. You cannot anger him
+worse than to do well, and he hates you more bitterly for this, than if
+you had cheated him of his patrimony with your own discredit. He is always
+slighting the general opinion, and wondering why such and such men should
+be applauded. Commend a good divine, he cries postilling; a philologer,
+pedantry; a poet, rhiming; a school-man, dull wrangling; a sharp conceit,
+boyishness; an honest man, plausibility. He comes to publick things not to
+learn, but to catch, and if there be but one soloecism, that is all he
+carries away. He looks on all things with a prepared sowerness, and is
+still furnished with a pish beforehand, or some musty proverb that
+disrelishes all things whatsoever. If fear of the company make him second
+a commendation, it is like a law-writ, always with a clause of exception,
+or to smooth his way to some greater scandal. He will grant you something,
+and bate more; and this bating shall in conclusion take away all he
+granted. His speech concludes still with an Oh! but,--and I could wish one
+thing amended; and this one thing shall be enough to deface all his former
+commendations. He will be very inward with a man to fish some bad out of
+him, and make his slanders hereafter more authentick, when it is said a
+friend reported it. He will inveigle you to naughtiness to get your good
+name into his clutches; he will be your pandar to have you on the hip for
+a whore-master, and make you drunk to shew you reeling. He passes the
+more plausibly because all men have a smatch of his humour, and it is
+thought freeness which is malice. If he can say nothing of a man, he will
+seem to speak riddles, as if he could tell strange stories if he would;
+and when he has racked his invention to the utmost, he ends;--but I wish
+him well, and therefore must hold my peace. He is always listening and
+enquiring after men, and suffers not a cloak to pass by him unexamined. In
+brief, he is one that has lost all good himself, and is loth to find it in
+another.
+
+
+
+
+XXV.
+
+A YOUNG GENTLEMAN OF THE UNIVERSITY
+
+
+Is one that comes there to wear a gown, and to say hereafter, he has been
+at the university. His father sent him thither because he heard there
+were the best fencing and dancing-schools; from these he has his
+education, from his tutor the over-sight. The first element of his
+knowledge is to be shewn the colleges, and initiated in a tavern by the
+way, which hereafter he will learn of himself. The two marks of his
+seniority, is the bare velvet of his gown, and his proficiency at tennis,
+where when he can once play a set, he is a fresh man no more. His study
+has commonly handsome shelves, his books neat silk strings, which he shews
+to his father's man, and is loth to unty[44] or take down for fear of
+misplacing. Upon foul days for recreation he retires thither, and looks
+over the pretty book his tutor reads to him, which is commonly some short
+history, or a piece of Euphormio; for which his tutor gives him money to
+spend next day. His main loytering is at the library, where he studies
+arms and books of honour, and turns a gentleman critick in pedigrees. Of
+all things he endures not to be mistaken for a scholar, and hates a black
+suit though it be made of sattin. His companion is ordinarily some stale
+fellow, that has been notorious for an ingle to gold hatbands,[45] whom he
+admires at first, afterward scorns. If he have spirit or wit he may light
+of better company, and may learn some flashes of wit, which may do him
+knight's service in the country hereafter. But he is now gone to the
+inns-of-court, where he studies to forget what he learned before, his
+acquaintance and the fashion.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[44] It may not be known to those who are not accustomed to meet with old
+books in their original bindings, or of seeing public libraries of
+antiquity, that the volumes were formerly placed on the shelves with the
+_leaves_, not the _back_, in front; and that the two sides of the binding
+were joined together with _neat silk_ or other strings, and, in some
+instances, where the books were of greater value and curiosity than
+common, even fastened with gold or silver chains.
+
+[45] A hanger-on to noblemen, who are distinguished at the university by
+gold tassels to their caps; or in the language of the present day, a
+_tuft-hunter_.
+
+
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+A WEAK MAN
+
+
+Is a child at man's estate, one whom nature huddled up in haste, and left
+his best part unfinished. The rest of him is grown to be a man, only his
+brain stays behind. He is one that has not improved his first rudiments,
+nor attained any proficiency by his stay in the world: but we may speak of
+him yet as when he was in the bud, a good harmless nature, a well meaning
+mind[46] [_and no more_.] It is his misery that he now wants a tutor, and
+is too old to have one. He is two steps above a fool, and a great many
+more below a wise man; yet the fool is oft given him, and by those whom he
+esteems most. Some tokens of him are,--he loves men better upon relation
+than experience, for he is exceedingly enamoured of strangers, and none
+quicklier a weary of his friend. He charges you at first meeting with all
+his secrets, and on better acquaintance grows more reserved. Indeed he is
+one that mistakes much his abusers for friends, and his friends for
+enemies, and he apprehends your hate in nothing so much as in good
+council. One that is flexible with any thing but reason, and then only
+perverse. [A servant to every tale and flatterer, and whom the last man
+still works over.] A great affecter of wits and such prettinesses; and his
+company is costly to him, for he seldom has it but invited. His friendship
+commonly is begun in a supper, and lost in lending money. The tavern is a
+dangerous place to him, for to drink and be drunk is with him all one, and
+his brain is sooner quenched than his thirst. He is drawn into naughtiness
+with company, but suffers alone, and the bastard commonly laid to his
+charge. One that will be patiently abused, and take exception a month
+after when he understands it, and then be abused again into a
+reconcilement; and you cannot endear him more than by cozening him, and it
+is a temptation to those that would not. One discoverable in all silliness
+to all men but himself, and you may take any man's knowledge of him
+better than his own. He will promise the same thing to twenty, and rather
+than deny one break with all. One that has no power over himself, over his
+business, over his friends, but a prey and pity to all; and if his
+fortunes once sink, men quickly cry, Alas!--and forget him.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[46] _If he could order his intentions_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+A TOBACCO-SELLER
+
+
+Is the only man that finds good in it which others brag of but do not; for
+it is meat, drink, and clothes to him. No man opens his ware with greater
+seriousness, or challenges your judgment more in the approbation. His shop
+is the rendezvous of spitting, where men dialogue with their noses, and
+their communication is smoak.[47] It is the place only where Spain is
+commended and preferred before England itself. He should be well
+experienced in the world, for he has daily trial of men's nostrils, and
+none is better acquainted with humours. He is the piecing commonly of some
+other trade, which is bawd to his tobacco, and that to his wife, which is
+the flame that follows this smoak.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[47] Minshew calls a tobacconist _fumi-vendulus_, a _smoak-seller_.
+
+
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+A POT-POET
+
+
+Is the dregs of wit, yet mingled with good drink may have some relish. His
+inspirations are more real than others, for they do but feign a God, but
+he has his by him. His verse runs like the tap, and his invention as the
+barrel, ebbs and flows at the mercy of the spiggot. In thin drink he
+aspires not above a ballad, but a cup of sack inflames him, and sets his
+muse and nose a-fire together. The press is his mint, and stamps him now
+and then a six-pence or two in reward of the baser coin his pamphlet. His
+works would scarce sell for three half-pence, though they are given oft
+for three shillings, but for the pretty title that allures the country
+gentleman; for which the printer maintains him in ale a fortnight. His
+verses are like his clothes miserable centoes[48] and patches, yet their
+pace is not altogether so hobbling as an almanack's. The death of a great
+man or the _burning_[49] of a house furnish him with an argument, and the
+nine muses are out strait in mourning gowns, and Melpomene cries fire!
+fire! [His other poems are but briefs in rhime, and like the poor Greeks
+collections to redeem from captivity.] He is a man now much employed in
+commendations of our navy, and a bitter inveigher against the Spaniard.
+His frequentest works go out in single sheets, and are chanted from
+market to market to a vile tune and a worse throat; whilst the poor
+country wench melts like her butter to hear them. And these are the
+stories of some men of Tyburn, or a strange monster out of Germany;[50]
+or, sitting in a bawdy-house, he writes God's judgments. He drops away at
+last in some obscure painted cloth, to which himself made the verses,[51]
+and his life, like a cann too full, spills upon the bench. He leaves
+twenty shillings on the score, which my hostess loses.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[48] _Cento_, a composition formed by joining scraps from other authors.
+_Johnson._ Camden, in his _Remains_, uses it in the same sense. "It is
+quilted, as it were, out of shreds of divers poets, such as scholars call
+a _cento_."
+
+[49] _Firing_, first edit.
+
+[50] In the hope of discovering some account of the _strange monster_
+alluded to, I have looked through one of the largest and most curious
+collections of tracts, relating to the marvellous, perhaps in existence.
+That bequeathed to the Bodleian, by Robert Burton, the author of the
+_Anatomy of Melancholy_. Hitherto my researches have been unattended with
+success, as I have found only two tracts of this description relating to
+Germany, both of which are in prose, and neither giving any account of a
+monster.
+
+1. _A most true Relation of a very dreadfull Earthquake, with the
+lamentable Effectes thereof, which began upon the 8. of December 1612. and
+yet continueth most fearefull in Munster in Germanie. Reade and Tremble.
+Translated out of Dutch, by Charles Demetrius, Publike Notarie in London,
+and printed at Rotterdame, in Holland, at the Signe of the White
+Gray-hound._ (Date cut off. Twenty-six pages, 4to. with a woodcut.)
+
+2. _Miraculous Newes from the Cittie of Holt, in the Lordship of Munster,
+in Germany, the twentieth of September last past, 1616. where there were
+plainly beheld three dead bodyes rise out of their Graues admonishing the
+people of Iudgements to come. Faithfully translated (&c. &c.) London,
+Printed for Iohn Barnes, dwelling in Hosie Lane neere Smithfield, 1616._
+(4to. twenty pages, wood-cut.)
+
+[51] It was customary to work or paint proverbs, moral sentences, or
+scraps of verse on old tapestry hangings, which were called _painted
+cloths_. Several allusions to this practice may be found in the works of
+our early English dramatists. See Reed's _Shakspeare_, viii. 103
+
+
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+A PLAUSIBLE MAN
+
+
+Is one that would fain run an even path in the world, and jut against no
+man. His endeavour is not to offend, and his aim the general opinion. His
+conversation is a kind of continued compliment, and his life a practice of
+manners. The relation he bears to others, a kind of fashionable respect,
+not friendship but friendliness, which is equal to all and general, and
+his kindnesses seldom exceed courtesies. He loves not deeper mutualities,
+because he would not take sides, nor hazard himself on displeasures, which
+he principally avoids. At your first acquaintance with him he is exceeding
+kind and friendly, and at your twentieth meeting after but friendly still.
+He has an excellent command over his patience and tongue, especially the
+last, which he accommodates always to the times and persons, and speaks
+seldom what is sincere, but what is civil. He is one that uses all
+companies, drinks all healths, and is reasonable cool in all religions.
+[He considers who are friends to the company, and speaks well where he is
+sure to hear of it again.] He can listen to a foolish discourse with an
+applausive attention, and conceal his laughter at nonsense. Silly men much
+honour and esteem him, because by his fair reasoning with them as with men
+of understanding, he puts them into an erroneous opinion of themselves,
+and makes them forwarder hereafter to their own discovery. He is one
+_rather well_[52] thought on than beloved, and that love he has is more of
+whole companies together than any one in particular. Men gratify him
+notwithstanding with a good report, and whatever vices he has besides, yet
+having no enemies, he is sure to be an honest fellow.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[52] _Better_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXX.
+
+A BOWL-ALLEY
+
+
+Is the place where there are three things thrown away beside bowls, to
+wit, time, money, and curses, and the last ten for one. The best sport in
+it is the gamesters, and he enjoys it that looks on and bets not. It is
+the school of wrangling, and worse than the schools, for men will cavil
+here for a hair's breadth, and make a stir where a straw would end the
+controversy. No antick screws men's bodies into such strange flexures, and
+you would think them here senseless, to speak sense to their bowl, and put
+their trust in intreaties for a good cast. The betters are the factious
+noise of the alley, or the gamesters beadsmen that pray for them. They are
+somewhat like those that are cheated by great men, for they lose their
+money and must say nothing. It is the best discovery of humours,
+especially in the losers, where you have fine variety of impatience,
+whilst some fret, some rail, some swear, and others more ridiculously
+comfort themselves with philosophy. To give you the moral of it; it is the
+emblem of the world, or the world's ambition: where most are short, or
+over, or wide or wrong-biassed, and some few justle in to the mistress
+fortune. And it is here as in the court, where the nearest are most
+spited, and all blows aimed at the toucher.
+
+
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+THE WORLD'S WISE MAN
+
+
+Is an able and sufficient wicked man: It is a proof of his sufficiency
+that he is not called wicked, but wise. A man wholly determined in himself
+and his own ends, and his instruments herein any thing that will do it.
+His friends are a part of his engines, and as they serve to his works,
+used or laid by: Indeed he knows not this thing of friend, but if he give
+you the name, it is a sign he has a plot on you. Never more active in his
+businesses, than when they are mixed with some harm to others; and it is
+his best play in this game to strike off and lie in the place: Successful
+commonly in these undertakings, because he passes smoothly those rubs
+which others stumble at, as conscience and the like; and gratulates
+himself much in this advantage. Oaths and falshood he counts the nearest
+way, and loves not by any means to go about. He has many fine quips at
+this folly of plain dealing, but his "tush!" is greatest at religion; yet
+he uses this too, and virtue and good words, but is less dangerously a
+devil than a saint. He ascribes all honesty to an unpractisedness in the
+world, and conscience a thing merely for children. He scorns all that are
+so silly to _trust_[53] him, and only not scorns his enemy, especially if
+as bad as himself: he fears him as a man well armed and provided, but sets
+boldly on good natures, as the most vanquishable. One that seriously
+admires those worst princes, as Sforza, Borgia, and Richard the third; and
+calls matters of deep villany things of difficulty. To whom murders are
+but resolute acts, and treason a business of great consequence. One whom
+two or three countries make up to this compleatness, and he has travelled
+for the purpose. His deepest indearment is a communication of mischief,
+and then only you have him fast. His conclusion is commonly one of these
+two, either a great man, or hanged.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[53] _Hate_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+A SURGEON
+
+
+Is one that has some business about this building or little house of man,
+whereof nature is as it were the tiler, and he the plaisterer. It is ofter
+out of reparations than an old parsonage, and then he is set on work to
+patch it again. He deals most with broken commodities, as a broken head or
+a mangled face, and his gains are very ill got, for he lives by the hurts
+of the commonwealth. He differs from a physician as a sore does from a
+disease, or the sick from those that are not whole, the one distempers you
+within, the other blisters you without. He complains of the decay of
+valour in these days, and sighs for that slashing age of sword and
+buckler; and thinks the law against duels was made meerly to wound his
+vocation. He had been long since undone if the charity of the stews had
+not relieved him, from whom he has his tribute as duly as the pope; or a
+wind-fall sometimes from a tavern, if a quart pot hit right. The rareness
+of his custom makes him pitiless when it comes, and he holds a patient
+longer than our [spiritual] courts a cause. He tells you what danger you
+had been in if he had staid but a minute longer, and though it be but a
+pricked finger, he makes of it much matter. He is a reasonable cleanly
+man, considering the scabs he has to deal with, and your finest ladies are
+now and then beholden to him for their best dressings. He curses old
+gentlewomen and their charity that makes his trade their alms; but his
+envy is never stirred so much as when gentlemen go over to fight upon
+Calais sands,[54] whom he wishes drowned e'er they come there, rather than
+the French shall get his custom.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[54] _Calais sands_ were chosen by English duellists to decide their
+quarrels on, as being out of the jurisdiction of the law. This custom is
+noticed in an Epigram written about the period in which this book first
+appeared.
+
+    "When boasting Bembus challeng'd is to fight,
+    He seemes at first a very Diuell in sight:
+
+    Till more aduizde, will not defile [his] hands,
+    Vnlesse you meete him vpon _Callice_ sands."
+
+_The Mastive or Young Whelpe of the olde Dog. Epigrams and Satyrs._ 4to.
+_Lond._ (_Printed, as Warton supposes, about 1600._)
+
+A passage in _The Beau's Duel: or a Soldier for the Ladies_, a comedy, by
+Mrs. Centlivre, 4to. 1707, proves, that it existed so late as at that day.
+"Your only way is to send him word you'll meet him on _Calais sands_;
+duelling is unsafe in England for men of estates," &c. See also other
+instances in Dodsley's _Old Plays_, edit. 1780. vii. 218.--xii. 412.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+A CONTEMPLATIVE MAN
+
+
+Is a scholar in this great university the world; and the same his book and
+study. He cloysters not his meditations in the narrow darkness of a room,
+but sends them abroad with his eyes, and his brain travels with his feet.
+He looks upon man from a high tower, and sees him trulier at this distance
+in his infirmities and poorness. He scorns to mix himself in men's
+actions, as he would to act upon a stage; but sits aloft on the scaffold
+a censuring spectator. [He will not lose his time by being busy, or make
+so poor a use of the world as to hug and embrace it.] Nature admits him as
+a partaker of her sports, and asks his approbation as it were of her own
+works and variety. He comes not in company, because he would not be
+solitary, but finds discourse enough with himself, and his own thoughts
+are his excellent playfellows. He looks not upon a thing as a yawning
+stranger at novelties, but his search is more mysterious and inward, and
+he spells heaven out of earth. He knits his observations together, and
+makes a ladder of them all to climb to God. He is free from vice, because
+he has no occasion to imploy it, and is above those ends that make man
+wicked. He has learnt all can here be taught him, and comes now to heaven
+to see more.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE
+
+
+Is one in whom good women suffer, and have their truth misinterpreted by
+her folly. She is one, she knows not what her self if you ask her, but she
+is indeed one that has taken a toy at the fashion of religion, and is
+enamoured of the new fangle. She is a nonconformist in a close stomacher
+and ruff of Geneva print,[55] and her purity consists much in her linnen.
+She has heard of the rag of Rome, and thinks it a very sluttish religion,
+and rails at the whore of Babylon for a very naughty woman. She has left
+her virginity as a relick of popery, and marries in her tribe without a
+ring. Her devotion at the church is much in the turning up of her eye; and
+turning down the leaf in her book, when she hears named chapter and verse.
+When she comes home, she commends the sermon for the scripture, and two
+hours. She loves preaching better then praying, and of preachers,
+lecturers; and thinks the week day's exercise far more edifying than the
+Sunday's. Her oftest gossipings are sabbath-day's journeys, where, (though
+an enemy to superstition,) she will go in pilgrimage five mile to a
+silenced minister, when there is a better sermon in her own parish. She
+doubts of the virgin Mary's salvation, and dares not saint her, but knows
+her own place in heaven as perfectly as the pew she has a key to. She is
+so taken up with faith she has no room for charity, and understands no
+good works but what are wrought on the sampler. She accounts nothing vices
+but superstition and an oath, and thinks adultery a less sin than to swear
+_by my truly_. She rails at other women by the names of Jezebel and
+Dalilah; and calls her own daughters Rebecca and Abigail, and not Ann but
+Hannah. She suffers them not to learn on the virginals,[56] because of
+their affinity with organs, but is reconciled to the bells for the chimes
+sake, since they were reformed to the tune of a psalm. She overflows so
+with the bible, that she spills it upon every occasion, and will not
+cudgel her maids without scripture. It is a question whether she is more
+troubled with the Devil, or the Devil with her: She is always challenging
+and daring him, and her weapon [[57]_is the Practice of Piety_.] Nothing
+angers her so much as that women cannot preach, and in this point only
+thinks the Brownist erroneous; but what she cannot at the church she does
+at the table, where she prattles more than any against sense and
+Antichrist, 'till a capon's wing silence her. She expounds the priests of
+Baal, reading ministers, and thinks the salvation of that parish as
+desperate as the Turks. She is a main derider to her capacity of those
+that are not her preachers, and censures all sermons but bad ones. If her
+husband be a tradesman, she helps him to customers, howsoever to good
+cheer, and they are a most faithful couple at these meetings, for they
+never fail. Her conscience is like others lust, never satisfied, and you
+might better answer Scotus than her scruples. She is one that thinks she
+performs all her duties to God in hearing, and shews the fruits of it in
+talking. She is more fiery against the may-pole than her husband, and
+thinks she might do a Phineas' act to break the pate of the fidler. She is
+an everlasting argument, but I am weary of her.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[55] Strict devotees were, I believe, noted for the smallness and
+precision of their _ruffs_, which were termed _in print_ from the
+exactness of the folds. So in Mynshul's _Essays_, 4to. 1618. "I vndertooke
+a warre when I adventured to speake in _print_, (not in _print as
+Puritan's ruffes_ are set.)" The term of _Geneva print_ probably arose
+from the minuteness of the type used at Geneva. In the _Merry Devil of
+Edmonton_, a comedy, 4to. 1608, is an expression which goes some way to
+prove the correctness of this supposition:--"I see by thy eyes thou hast
+bin reading _little Geneua print_;"--and, that _small ruffs_ were worn by
+the puritanical set, an instance appears in Mayne's _City Match_, a
+comedy, 4to. 1658.
+
+                      ----"O miracle!
+    Out of your _little ruffe_, Dorcas, and in the fashion!
+    Dost thou hope to be saved?"
+
+From these three extracts it is, I think, clear that a _ruff of Geneva
+print_ meant a _small, closely-folded ruff_, which was the distinction of
+a non-conformist.
+
+[56] A virginal, says Mr. Malone, was strung like a spinnet, and shaped
+like a piano-forte: the mode of playing on this instrument was therefore
+similar to that of the organ.
+
+[57] _Weapons are spells no less potent than different, as being the sage
+sentences of some of her own sectaries._ First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION
+
+
+Is one that hangs in the balance with all sorts of opinions, whereof not
+one but stirs him and none sways him. A man guiltier of credulity than he
+is taken to be; for it is out of his belief of every thing, that he fully
+believes nothing. Each religion scares him from its contrary: none
+persuades him to itself. He would be wholly a Christian, but that he is
+something of an atheist, and wholly an atheist, but that he is partly a
+Christian; and a perfect heretic, but that there are so many to distract
+him. He finds reason in all opinions, truth in none: indeed the least
+reason perplexes him, and the best will not satisfy him. He is at most a
+confused and wild Christian, not specialized by any form, but capable of
+all. He uses the land's religion, because it is next him, yet he sees not
+why he may not take the other, but he chuses this, not as better, but
+because there is not a pin to choose. He finds doubts and scruples better
+than resolves them, and is always too hard for himself. His learning is
+too much for his brain, and his judgment too little for his learning, and
+his over-opinion of both, spoils all. Pity it was his mischance of being a
+scholar; for it does only distract and irregulate him, and the world by
+him. He hammers much in general upon our opinion's uncertainty, and the
+possibility of erring makes him not venture on what is true. He is
+troubled at this naturalness of religion to countries, that protestantism
+should be born so in England and popery abroad, and that fortune and the
+stars should so much share in it. He likes not this connection of the
+common-weal and divinity, and fears it may be an arch-practice of state.
+In our differences with Rome he is strangely unfixed, and a new man every
+new day, as his last discourse-book's meditations transport him. He could
+like the gray hairs of popery, did not some dotages there stagger him: he
+would come to us sooner, but our new name affrights him. He is taken with
+their miracles, but doubts an imposture; he conceives of our doctrine
+better, but it seems too empty and naked. He cannot drive into his fancy
+the circumscription of truth to our corner, and is as hardly persuaded to
+think their old legends true. He approves well of our faith, and more of
+their works, and is sometimes much affected at the zeal of Amsterdam. His
+conscience interposes itself betwixt duellers, and whilst it would part
+both, is by both wounded. He will sometimes propend much to us upon the
+reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine[58] recoils as far back again;
+and the fathers justle him from one side to another. Now Socinus[59] and
+Vorstius[60] afresh torture him, and he agrees with none worse than
+himself. He puts his foot into heresies tenderly, as a cat in the water,
+and pulls it out again, and still something unanswered delays him; yet he
+bears away some parcel of each, and you may sooner pick all religions out
+of him than one. He cannot think so many wise men should be in error, nor
+so many honest men out of the way, and his wonder is double when he sees
+these oppose one another. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason, and
+you cannot anger him worse than with a father's _dixit_, and yet that many
+are not persuaded with reason, shall authorise his doubt. In sum, his
+whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, which death only
+concludes, and then he is resolved.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[58] Robert Bellarmin, an Italian Jesuit, was born at Monte Pulciano, a
+town in Tuscany, in the year 1542, and in 1560 entered himself among the
+Jesuits. In 1599 he was honoured with a cardinal's hat, and in 1602 was
+presented with the arch-bishopric of Capua: this, however, he resigned in
+1605, when pope Paul V. desired to have him near himself. He was employed
+in the affairs of the court of Rome till 1621, when, leaving the Vatican,
+he retired to a house belonging to his order, and died September 17, in
+the same year.
+
+Bellarmin was one of the best controversial writers of his time; few
+authors have done greater honour to their profession or opinions, and
+certain it is that none have ever more ably defended the cause of the
+Romish church, or contended in favour of the pope with greater advantage.
+As a proof of Bellarmin's abilities, there was scarcely a divine of any
+eminence among the protestants who did not attack him: Bayle aptly says,
+"they made his name resound every where, ut littus Styla, Styla, omne
+sonaret."
+
+[59] Faustus Socinus is so well known as the founder of the sect which
+goes under his name, that a few words will be sufficient. He was born in
+1539, at Sienna, and imbibed his opinions from the instruction of his
+uncle, who always had a high opinion of, and confidence in, the abilities
+of his nephew, to whom he bequeathed all his papers. After living several
+years in the world, principally at the court of Francis de Medicis,
+Socinus, in 1577, went into Germany, and began to propagate the principles
+of his uncle, to which, it is said, he made great additions and
+alterations of his own. In the support of his opinions, he suffered
+considerable hardships, and received the greatest insults and
+persecutions; to avoid which, he retired to a place near Cracow, in
+Poland, where he died in 1504, at the age of sixty-five.
+
+[60] Conrade Vorstius, a learned divine, who was peculiarly detested by
+the Calvinists, and who had even the honour to be attacked by king James
+the first, of England, was born in 1569. Being compelled, through the
+interposition of James's ambassador, to quit Leiden, where he had attained
+the divinity-chair, and several other preferments, he retired to Toningen,
+where he died in 1622, with the strongest tokens of piety and resignation.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+AN ATTORNEY.
+
+
+His antient beginning was a blue coat, since a livery, and his hatching
+under a lawyer; whence, though but pen-feathered, he hath now nested for
+himself, and with his boarded pence purchased an office. Two desks and a
+quire of paper set him up, where he now sits in state for all corners. We
+can call him no great author, yet he writes very much and with the infamy
+of the court is maintained in his libels.[61] He has some smatch of a
+scholar, and yet uses Latin very hardly; and lest it should accuse him,
+cuts it off in the midst, and will not let it speak out. He is, contrary
+to great men, maintained by his followers, that is, his poor country
+clients, that worship him more than their landlords, and be they never
+such churls, he looks for their courtesy. He first racks them soundly
+himself, and then delivers them to the lawyer for execution. His looks are
+very solicitous, importing much haste and dispatch, he is never without
+his hands full of business, that is--of paper. His skin becomes at last as
+dry as his parchment, and his face as intricate as the most winding cause.
+He talks statutes as fiercely as if he had mooted[62] seven years in the
+inns of court, when all his skill is stuck in his girdle, or in his
+office-window. Strife and wrangling have made him rich, and he is thankful
+to his benefactor, and nourishes it. If he live in a country village, he
+makes all his neighbours good subjects; for there shall be nothing done
+but what there is law for. His business gives him not leave to think of
+his conscience, and when the time, or term of his life is going out, for
+dooms-day he is secure; for he hopes he has a trick to reverse judgment.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[61] _His style is very constant, for it keeps still the former aforesaid;
+and yet it seems he is much troubled in it, for he is always humbly
+complaining--your poor orator._ First edit.
+
+[62] To _moote_ a terme vsed in the innes of the court; it is the handling
+of a case, as in the Vniuersitie their disputations, &c. So _Minshew_, who
+supposes it to be derived from the French, _mot, verbum, quasi verba
+facere, aut sermonem de aliqua re habere_. _Mootmen_ are those who, having
+studied seven or eight years, are qualified to practise, and appear to
+answer to our term of barristers.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+A PARTIAL MAN
+
+
+Is the opposite extreme to a defamer, for the one speaks ill falsely, and
+the other well, and both slander the truth. He is one that is still
+weighing men in the scale of comparisons, and puts his affections in the
+one balance and that sways. His friend always shall do best, and you shall
+rarely hear good of his enemy. He considers first the man and then the
+thing, and restrains all merit to what they deserve of him. Commendations
+he esteems not the debt of worth, but the requital of kindness; and if you
+ask his reason, shews his interest, and tells you how much he is beholden
+to that man. He is one that ties his judgment to the wheel of fortune, and
+they determine giddily both alike. He prefers England before other
+countries because he was born there, and Oxford before other universities,
+because he was brought up there, and the best scholar there is one of his
+own college, and the best scholar there is one of his friends. He is a
+great favourer of great persons, and his argument is still that which
+should be antecedent; as,--he is in high place, therefore virtuous;--he is
+preferred, therefore worthy. Never ask his opinion, for you shall hear but
+his faction, and he is indifferent in nothing but conscience. Men esteem
+him for this a zealous affectionate, but they mistake him many times, for
+he does it but to be esteemed so. Of all men he is worst to write an
+history, for he will praise a Sejanus or Tiberius, and for some petty
+respect of his all posterity shall be cozened.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+A TRUMPETER
+
+
+Is the elephant with the great trunk, for he eats nothing but what comes
+through this way. His profession is not so worthy as to occasion
+insolence, and yet no man so much puft up. His face is as brazen as his
+trumpet, and (which is worse,) as a fidler's, from whom he differeth only
+in this, that his impudence is dearer. The sea of drink and much wind make
+a storm perpetually in his cheeks, and his look is like his noise,
+blustering and tempestuous. He was whilom the sound of war, but now of
+peace; yet as terrible as ever, for wheresoever he comes they are sure to
+pay for it. He is the common attendant of glittering folks, whether in the
+court or stage, where he is always the prologue's prologue.[63] He is
+somewhat in the nature of a hogshead, shrillest when he is empty; when
+his belly is full he is quiet enough. No man proves life more to be a
+blast, or himself a bubble, and he is like a counterfeit bankrupt, thrives
+best when he is blown up.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[63] The prologue to our ancient dramas was ushered in by trumpets.
+"Present not yourselfe on the stage (especially at a new play) untill the
+quaking prologue hath (by rubbing) got cullor into his cheekes, and is
+ready to giue the trumpets their cue that hee's vpon point to enter."
+Decker's _Gul's Hornbook_, 1609. p. 30.
+
+"Doe you not know that I am the Prologue? Do you not see this long blacke
+veluet cloke vpon my backe? _Haue you not sounded thrice?_" Heywood's
+_Foure Prentises of London_. 4to. 1615.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+A VULGAR-SPIRITED MAN
+
+
+Is one of the herd of the world. One that follows merely the common cry,
+and makes it louder by one. A man that loves none but who are publickly
+affected, and he will not be wiser than the rest of the town. That never
+owns a friend after an ill name, or some general imputation, though he
+knows it most unworthy. That opposes to reason, "thus men say;" and "thus
+most do;" and "thus the world goes;" and thinks this enough to poise the
+other. That worships men in place, and those only; and thinks all a great
+man speaks oracles. Much taken with my lord's jest, and repeats you it all
+to a syllable. One that justifies nothing out of fashion, nor any opinion
+out of the applauded way. That thinks certainly all Spaniards and Jesuits
+very villains, and is still cursing the pope and Spinola. One that thinks
+the gravest cassock the best scholar; and the best cloaths the finest man.
+That is taken only with broad and obscene wit, and hisses any thing too
+deep for him. That cries, Chaucer for his money above all our English
+poets, because the voice has gone so, and he has read none. That is much
+ravished with such a nobleman's courtesy, and would venture his life for
+him, because he put off his hat. One that is foremost still to kiss the
+king's hand, and cries, "God bless his majesty!" loudest. That rails on
+all men condemned and out of favour, and the first that says "away with
+the traitors!"--yet struck with much ruth at executions, and for pity to
+see a man die, could kill the hangman. That comes to London to see it, and
+the pretty things in it, and, the chief cause of his journey, the bears.
+That measures the happiness of the kingdom by the cheapness of corn, and
+conceives no harm of state, but ill trading. Within this compass too, come
+those that are too much wedged into the world, and have no lifting
+thoughts above those things; that call to thrive, to do well; and
+preferment only the grace of God. That aim all studies at this mark, and
+shew you poor scholars as an example to take heed by. That think the
+prison and want a judgment for some sin, and never like well hereafter of
+a jail-bird. That know no other content but wealth, bravery, and the
+town-pleasures; that think all else but idle speculation, and the
+philosophers madmen. In short, men that are carried away with all
+outwardnesses, shews, appearances, the stream, the people; for there is no
+man of worth but has a piece of singularity, and scorns something.
+
+
+
+
+XL.
+
+A PLODDING STUDENT
+
+
+Is a kind of alchymist or persecutor of nature, that would change the dull
+lead of his brain into finer metal, with success many times as
+unprosperous, or at least not quitting the cost, to wit, of his own oil
+and candles. He has a strange forced appetite to learning, and to atchieve
+it brings nothing but patience and a body. His study is not great but
+continual, and consists much in the sitting up till after midnight in a
+rug-gown and a night-cap, to the vanquishing perhaps of some six lines;
+yet what he has, he has perfect, for he reads it so long to understand it,
+till he gets it without book. He may with much industry make a breach into
+logick, and arrive at some ability in an argument; but for politer studies
+he dare not skirmish with them, and for poetry accounts it impregnable.
+His invention is no more than the finding out of his papers, and his few
+gleanings there; and his disposition of them is as just as the
+bookbinders, a setting or glewing of them together. He is a great
+discomforter of young students, by telling them what travel it has cost
+him, and how often his brain turned at philosophy, and makes others fear
+studying as a cause of duncery. He is a man much given to apothegms, which
+serve him for wit, and seldom breaks any jest but which belongs to some
+Lacedemonian or Roman in Lycosthenes. He is like a dull carrier's horse,
+that will go a whole week together, but never out of a foot pace; and he
+that sets forth on the Saturday shall overtake him.
+
+
+
+
+XLI.
+
+PAUL'S WALK[64]
+
+
+Is the land's epitome, or you may call it the lesser isle of Great
+Britain. It is more than this, the whole world's map, which you may here
+discern in its perfectest motion, justling and turning. It is a heap of
+stones and men, with a vast confusion of languages; and were the steeple
+not sanctified, nothing liker Babel. The noise in it is like that of bees,
+a strange humming or buzz mixed of walking tongues and feet: it is a kind
+of still roar or loud whisper. It is the great exchange of all discourse,
+and no business whatsoever but is here stirring and a-foot. It is the
+synod of all pates politick, jointed and laid together in most serious
+posture, and they are not half so busy at the parliament. It is the antick
+of tails to tails, and backs to backs, and for vizards you need go no
+farther than faces. It is the market of young lecturers, whom you may
+cheapen here at all rates and sizes. It is the general mint of all famous
+lies, which are here like the legends of popery, first coined and stamped
+in the church. All inventions are emptied here, and not few pockets. The
+best sign of a temple in it is, that it is the thieves sanctuary, which
+rob more safely in the crowd than a wilderness, whilst every searcher is a
+bush to hide them. It is the other expence of the day, after plays,
+tavern, and a bawdy-house; and men have still some oaths left to swear
+here. It is the ear's brothel, and satisfies their lust and itch. The
+visitants are all men without exceptions, but the principal inhabitants
+and possessors are stale knights and captains[65] out of service; men of
+long rapiers and breeches, which after all turn merchants here and
+traffick for news. Some make it a preface to their dinner, and travel for
+a stomach; but thriftier men make it their ordinary, and board here very
+cheap.[66] Of all such places it is least haunted with hobgoblins, for if
+a ghost would walk more, he could not.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[64] St. Paul's cathedral was, during the reigns of Elizabeth and James, a
+sort of exchange and public parade, where business was transacted between
+merchants, and where the fashionables of the day exhibited themselves. The
+reader will find several allusions to this custom in the _variorum_
+edition of Shakspeare, _K. Henry IV._ part 2. Osborne, in his _Traditional
+Memoires on the Reigns of Elizabeth and James_, 12mo. 1658, says, "It was
+the fashion of those times (James I.) and did so continue till these, (the
+interregnum,) for the principal gentry, lords, courtiers, and men of all
+professions, not merely mechanicks, to meet in _St. Paul's_ church by
+eleven, and walk in the middle isle till twelve, and after dinner from
+three to six; during which time some discoursed of business, others of
+news." Weever complains of the practice, and says, "it could be wished
+that walking in the middle isle of _Paules_ might be forborne in the time
+of diuine seruice." _Ancient Funeral Monuments_, 1631, page 373.
+
+[65] In the _Dramatis Personæ_ to Ben Jonson's _Every Man in his Humour_,
+Bobadil is styled a _Paul's man_; and Falstaff tells us that he bought
+Bardolph in _Paul's_. _King Henry IV._ Part 2.
+
+[66]
+
+                  ----You'd not doe
+    Like your penurious father, who was wont
+    _To walke his dinner out in Paules_.
+
+Mayne's _City Match_, 1658.
+
+
+
+
+XLII.
+
+A COOK.
+
+
+The kitchen is his hell, and he the devil in it, where his meat and he fry
+together. His revenues are showered down from the fat of the land, and he
+interlards his own grease among to help the drippings. Cholerick he is not
+by nature so much as his art, and it is a shrewd temptation that the
+chopping-knife is so near. His weapons, ofter offensive, are a mess of hot
+broth and scalding water, and woe be to him that comes in his way. In the
+kitchen he will domineer and rule the roast in spight of his master, and
+curses in the very dialect of his calling. His labour is meer blustering
+and fury, and his speech like that of sailors in a storm, a thousand
+businesses at once; yet, in all this tumult, he does not love combustion,
+but will be the first man that shall go and quench it. He is never a good
+christian till a hissing pot of ale has slacked him, like water cast on a
+firebrand, and for that time he is tame and dispossessed. His cunning is
+not small in architecture, for he builds strange fabricks in paste, towers
+and castles, which are offered to the assault of valiant teeth, and like
+Darius' palace in one banquet demolished. He is a pittiless murderer of
+innocents, and he mangles poor fowls with unheard-of tortures; and it is
+thought the martyrs persecutions were devised from hence: sure we are, St.
+Lawrence's gridiron came out of his kitchen. His best faculty is at the
+dresser, where he seems to have great skill in the tacticks, ranging his
+dishes in order military, and placing with great discretion in the
+fore-front meats more strong and hardy, and the more cold and cowardly in
+the rear; as quaking tarts and quivering custards, and such milk-sop
+dishes, which scape many times the fury of the encounter. But now the
+second course is gone up and he down in the cellar, where he drinks and
+sleeps till four o'clock[67] in the afternoon, and then returns again to
+his regiment.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[67] The time of supper was about five o'clock. See note at page 39.
+
+
+
+
+XLIII.
+
+A BOLD FORWARD MAN
+
+
+Is a lusty fellow in a crowd, that is beholden more to his elbow than his
+legs, for he does not go, but thrusts well. He is a good shuffler in the
+world, wherein he is so oft putting forth, that at length he puts on. He
+can do some things, but dare do much more, and is like a desperate
+soldier, who will assault any thing where he is sure not to enter. He is
+not so well opinioned of himself, as industrious to make others, and
+thinks no vice so prejudicial as blushing. He is still citing for himself,
+that a candle should not be hid under a bushel; and for his part he will
+be sure not to hide his, though his candle be but a snuff or rush-candle.
+Those few good parts he has, he is no niggard in displaying, and is like
+some needy flaunting goldsmith, nothing in the inner room, but all on the
+cupboard. If he be a scholar, he has commonly stepped into the pulpit
+before a degree, yet into that too before he deserved it. He never defers
+St. Mary's beyond his regency, and his next sermon is at Paul's cross,[68]
+[and that printed.] He loves publick things alive; and for any solemn
+entertainment he will find a mouth, find a speech who will. He is greedy
+of great acquaintance and many, and thinks it no small advancement to rise
+to be known. [He is one that has all the great names at court at his
+fingers ends, and their lodgings; and with a saucy, "my lord," will salute
+the best of them.] His talk at the table is like Benjamin's mess, five
+times to his part, and no argument shuts him out for a quarreller. Of all
+disgraces he endures not to be non-plussed, and had rather fly for
+sanctuary to nonsense which few descry, than to nothing which all. His
+boldness is beholden to other men's modesty, which rescues him many times
+from a baffle; yet his face is good armour, and he is dashed out of any
+thing sooner than countenance. Grosser conceits are puzzled in him for a
+rare man; and wiser men though they know him [yet] take him [in] for their
+pleasure, or as they would do a sculler for being next at hand. Thus
+preferment at last stumbles on him, because he is still in the way. His
+companions that flouted him before, now envy him, when they see him come
+ready for scarlet, whilst themselves lye musty in their old clothes and
+colleges.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[68] Paul's cross stood in the church-yard of that cathedral, on the north
+side, towards the east end. It was used for the preaching of sermons to
+the populace; and Holinshed mentions two instances of public penance being
+performed here; in 1534 by some of the adherents of Elizabeth Barton, well
+known as _the holy maid of Kent_, and in 1536 by sir Thomas Newman, a
+priest, who "_bare a faggot at Paules crosse for singing masse with good
+ale_."
+
+
+
+
+XLIV.
+
+A BAKER.
+
+
+No man verifies the proverb more, that it is an alms-deed to punish him;
+for his penalty is a dole,[69] and does the beggars as much good as their
+dinner. He abhors, therefore, works of charity, and thinks his bread cast
+away when it is given to the poor. He loves not justice neither, for the
+weigh-scale's sake, and hates the clerk of the market as his executioner;
+yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
+prison.[70] Marry a pillory is his deadly enemy, and he never hears well
+after.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[69] _Dole_ originally signified the portion of alms that was given away
+at the door of a nobleman. Steevens, note to _Shakspeare_. Sir John
+Hawkins affirms that the benefaction distributed at Lambeth palace gate,
+is to this day called the _dole_.
+
+[70] That is, the contents of his basket, if discovered to be of light
+weight, are distributed to the needy prisoners.
+
+
+
+
+XLV.
+
+A PRETENDER TO LEARNING
+
+
+Is one that would make all others more fools than himself, for though he
+know nothing, he would not have the would know so much. He conceits
+nothing in learning but the opinion, which he seeks to purchase without
+it, though he might with less labour cure his ignorance than hide it. He
+is indeed a kind of scholar-mountebank, and his art our delusion. He is
+tricked out in all the accoutrements of learning, and at the first
+encounter none passes better. He is oftener in his study than at his book,
+and you cannot pleasure him better than to deprehend him: yet he hears you
+not till the third knock, and then comes out very angry as interrupted.
+You find him in his _slippers_[71] and a pen in his ear, in which
+formality he was asleep. His table is spread wide with some classick
+folio, which is as constant to it as the carpet, and hath laid open in the
+same page this half year. His candle is always a longer sitter up than
+himself, and the _boast_[72] of his window at midnight. He walks much
+alone in the posture of meditation, and has a book still before his face
+in the fields. His pocket is seldom without a Greek testament or Hebrew
+bible, which he opens only in the church, and that when some stander-by
+looks over. He has sentences for company, some scatterings of Seneca and
+Tacitus, which are good upon all occasions. If he reads any thing in the
+morning, it comes up all at dinner; and as long as that lasts, the
+discourse is his. He is a great plagiary of tavern wit, and comes to
+sermons only that he may talk of Austin. His parcels are the meer
+scrapings from company, yet he complains at parting what time he has lost.
+He is wondrously capricious to seem a judgment, and listens with a sower
+attention to what he understands not. He talks much of Scaliger, and
+Casaubon, and the Jesuits, and prefers some unheard-of Dutch name before
+them all. He has verses to bring in upon these and these hints, and it
+shall go hard but he will wind in his opportunity. He is critical in a
+language he cannot conster, and speaks seldom under Arminius in divinity.
+His business and retirement and caller away is his study, and he protests
+no delight to it comparable. He is a great nomenclator of authors, which
+he has read in general in the catalogue, and in particular in the title,
+and goes seldom so far as the dedication. He never talks of any thing but
+learning, and learns all from talking. Three encounters with the same men
+pump him, and then he only puts in or gravely says nothing. He has taken
+pains to be an ass, though not to be a scholar, and is at length
+discovered and laughed at.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[71] _Study_, first edit.
+
+[72] The first edition reads _post_, and, I think, preferably.
+
+
+
+
+XLVI.
+
+A HERALD
+
+
+Is the spawn or indeed but the resultancy of nobility, and to the making
+of him went not a generation but a genealogy. His trade is honour, and he
+sells it and gives arms himself, though he be no gentleman. His bribes are
+like those of a corrupt judge, for they are the prices of blood. He seems
+very rich in discourse, for he tells you of whole fields of gold and
+silver, or, and argent, worth much in French but in English nothing. He is
+a great diver in the streams or issues of gentry, and not a by-channel or
+bastard escapes him; yea he does with them like some shameless queen,
+fathers more children on them than ever they begot. His traffick is a kind
+of pedlary-ware, scutchions, and pennons, and little daggers and lions,
+such as children esteem and gentlemen; but his penny-worths are rampant,
+for you may buy three whole brawns cheaper than three boar's heads of him
+painted. He was sometimes the terrible coat of Mars, but is now for more
+merciful battles in the tilt-yard, where whosoever is victorious, the
+spoils are his. He is an art in England but in Wales nature, where they
+are born with heraldry in their mouths, and each name is a pedigree.
+
+
+
+
+XLVII.
+
+THE COMMON SINGING-MEN IN CATHEDRAL CHURCHES
+
+
+Are a bad society, and yet a company of good fellows, that roar deep in
+the quire, deeper in the tavern. They are the eight parts of speech which
+go to the syntaxis of service, and are distinguished by their noises much
+like bells, for they make not a concert but a peal. Their pastime or
+recreation is prayers, their exercise drinking, yet herein so religiously
+addicted that they serve God oftest when they are drunk. Their humanity is
+a leg to the residencer, their learning a chapter, for they learn it
+commonly before they read it; yet the old Hebrew names are little beholden
+to them, for they mis-call them worse than one another. Though they never
+expound the scripture, they handle it much, and pollute the gospel with
+two things, their conversation and their thumbs. Upon worky-days, they
+behave themselves at prayers as at their pots, for they swallow them down
+in an instant. Their gowns are laced commonly with streamings of ale, the
+superfluities of a cup or throat above measure. Their skill in melody
+makes them the better companions abroad, and their anthems abler to sing
+catches. Long lived for the most part they are not, especially the base,
+they overflow their bank so oft to drown the organs. Briefly, if they
+escape arresting, they die constantly in God's service; and to take their
+death with more patience, they have wine and cakes at their funeral, and
+now they keep[73] the church a great deal better, and help to fill it
+with their bones as before with their noise.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[73] _Keep_ for attend.
+
+
+
+
+XLVIII.
+
+A SHOP-KEEPER.
+
+
+His shop is his well stuft book, and himself the title-page of it, or
+index. He utters much to all men, though he sells but to a few, and
+intreats for his own necessities, by asking others what they lack. No man
+speaks more and no more, for his words are like his wares, twenty of one
+sort, and he goes over them alike to all commers. He is an arrogant
+commender of his own things; for whatsoever he shews you is the best in
+the town, though the worst in his shop. His conscience was a thing that
+would have laid upon his hands, and he was forced to put it off, and
+makes great use of honesty to profess upon. He tells you lies by rote,
+and not minding, as the phrase to sell in, and the language he spent most
+of his years to learn. He never speaks so truely as when he says he would
+use you as his brother; for he would abuse his brother, and in his shop
+thinks it lawful. His religion is much in the nature of his customers, and
+indeed the pander to it: and by a mis-interpreted sense of scripture makes
+a gain of his godliness. He is your slave while you pay him ready money,
+but if he once befriend you, your tyrant, and you had better deserve his
+hate than his trust.
+
+
+
+
+
+XLIX.
+
+A BLUNT MAN
+
+
+Is one whose wit is better pointed than his behaviour, and that coarse and
+impolished, not out of ignorance so much as humour. He is a great enemy to
+the fine gentleman, and these things of complement, and hates ceremony in
+conversation, as the Puritan in religion. He distinguishes not betwixt
+fair and double dealing, and suspects all smoothness for the dress of
+knavery. He starts at the encounter of a salutation as an assault, and
+beseeches you in choler to forbear your courtesy. He loves not any thing
+in discourse that comes before the purpose, and is always suspicious of a
+preface. Himself falls rudely still on his matter without any
+circumstance, except he use an old proverb for an introduction. He swears
+old out-of-date innocent oaths, as, by the mass! by our lady! and such
+like, and though there be lords present, he cries, my masters! He is
+exceedingly in love with his humour, which makes him always profess and
+proclaim it, and you must take what he says patiently, because he is a
+plain man. His nature is his excuse still, and other men's tyrant; for he
+must speak his mind, and that is his worst, and craves your pardon most
+injuriously for not pardoning you. His jests best become him, because
+they come from him rudely and unaffected; and he has the luck commonly to
+have them famous. He is one that will do more than he will speak, and yet
+speak more than he will hear; for though he love to touch others, he is
+touchy himself, and seldom to his own abuses replies but with his fists.
+He is as squeazy[74] of his commendations, as his courtesy, and his good
+word is like an eulogy in a satire. He is generally better favoured than
+he favours, as being commonly well expounded in his bitterness, and no man
+speaks treason more securely. He chides great men with most boldness, and
+is counted for it an honest fellow. He is grumbling much in the behalf of
+the commonwealth, and is in prison oft for it with credit. He is generally
+honest, but more generally thought so, and his downrightness credits him,
+as a man not well bended and crookned to the times. In conclusion, he is
+not easily bad, in whom this quality is nature, but the counterfeit is
+most dangerous, since he is disguised in a humour, that professes not to
+disguise.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[74] _Squeazy_, niggardly.
+
+
+
+
+L.
+
+A HANDSOME HOSTESS
+
+
+Is the fairer commendation of an inn, above the fair sign, or fair
+lodgings. She is the loadstone that attracts men of iron, gallants and
+roarers, where they cleave sometimes long, and are not easily got off. Her
+lips are your welcome, and your entertainment her company, which is put
+into the reckoning too, and is the dearest parcel in it. No citizen's wife
+is demurer than she at the first greeting, nor draws in her mouth with a
+chaster simper; but you may be more familiar without distaste, and she
+does not startle at bawdry. She is the confusion of a pottle of sack more
+than would have been spent elsewhere, and her little jugs are accepted to
+have her kiss excuse them. She may be an honest woman, but is not believed
+so in her parish, and no man is a greater infidel in it than her husband.
+
+
+
+
+LI.
+
+A CRITIC
+
+
+Is one that has spelled over a great many books, and his observation is
+the orthography. He is the surgeon of old authors, and heals the wounds of
+dust and ignorance. He converses much in fragments and _desunt multa's_,
+and if he piece it up with two lines he is more proud of that book than
+the author. He runs over all sciences to peruse their syntaxis, and thinks
+all learning comprised in writing Latin. He tastes stiles as some
+discreeter palates do wine; and tells you which is genuine, which
+sophisticate and bastard. His own phrase is a miscellany of old words,
+deceased long before the Cæsars, and entombed by Varro, and the modernest
+man he follows is Plautus. He writes _omneis_ at length, and _quidquid_,
+and his gerund is most inconformable. He is a troublesome vexer of the
+dead, which after so long sparing must rise up to the judgment of his
+castigations. He is one that makes all books sell dearer, whilst he swells
+them into folios with his comments.[75]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[75] On this passage, I fear, the present volume will be a sufficient
+commentary.
+
+
+
+
+LII.
+
+A SERGEANT, OR CATCH-POLE
+
+
+Is one of God's judgments; and which our roarers do only conceive
+terrible. He is the properest shape wherein they fancy Satan; for he is at
+most but an arrester, and hell a dungeon. He is the creditor's hawk,
+wherewith they seize upon flying birds, and fetch them again in his
+tallons. He is the period of young gentlemen, or their full stop, for when
+he meets with them they can go no farther. His ambush is a shop-stall, or
+close lane, and his assault is cowardly at your back. He respites you in
+no place but a tavern, where he sells his minutes dearer than a
+clock-maker. The common way to run from him is through him, which is often
+attempted and atchieved,[76] [_and no man is more beaten out of charity_.]
+He is one makes the street more dangerous than the highways, and men go
+better provided in their walks than their journey. He is the first handsel
+of the young rapiers of the templers; and they are as proud of his repulse
+as an Hungarian of killing a Turk. He is a moveable prison, and his hands
+two manacles hard to be filed off. He is an occasioner of disloyal
+thoughts in the commonwealth, for he makes men hate the king's name worse
+than the devil's.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[76] _And the clubs out of charity knock him down_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+LIII.
+
+AN UNIVERSITY DUN
+
+
+Is a gentleman's follower cheaply purchased, for his own money has hired
+him. He is an inferior creditor of some ten shillings downwards,
+contracted for horse-hire, or perchance for drink, too weak to be put in
+suit, and he arrests your modesty. He is now very expensive of his time,
+for he will wait upon your stairs a whole afternoon, and dance attendance
+with more patience than a gentleman-usher. He is a sore beleaguerer of
+chambers, and assaults them sometimes with furious knocks; yet finds
+strong resistance commonly, and is kept out. He is a great complainer of
+scholar's loytering, for he is sure never to find them within, and yet he
+is the chief cause many times that makes them study. He grumbles at the
+ingratitude of men that shun him for his kindness, but indeed it is his
+own fault, for he is too great an upbraider. No man puts them more to
+their brain than he; and by shifting him off they learn to shift in the
+world. Some chuse their rooms on purpose to avoid his surprisals, and
+think the best commodity in them his prospect. He is like a rejected
+acquaintance, hunts those that care not for his company, and he knows it
+well enough, and yet will not keep away. The sole place to supple him is
+the buttery, where he takes grievous use upon your name,[77] and he is one
+much wrought with good beer and rhetorick. He is a man of most unfortunate
+voyages, and no gallant walks the streets to less purpose.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[77] That is, _runs you up a long score_.
+
+
+
+
+LIV.
+
+A STAYED MAN
+
+
+Is a man: one that has taken order with himself, and sets a rule to those
+lawlesnesses within him: whose life is distinct and in method, and his
+actions, as it were, cast up before; not loosed into the world's vanities,
+but gathered up and contracted in his station: not scattered into many
+pieces of businesses, but that one course he takes, goes through with. A
+man firm and standing in his purposes, not heaved off with each wind and
+passion: that squares his expence to his coffers, and makes the total
+first, and then the items. One that thinks what he does, and does what he
+says, and foresees what he may do before he purposes. One whose "if I can"
+is more than another's assurance; and his doubtful tale before some men's
+protestations:--that is confident of nothing in futurity, yet his
+conjectures oft true prophecies:--that makes a pause still betwixt his
+ear and belief, and is not too hasty to say after others. One whose tongue
+is strung up like a clock till the time, and then strikes, and says much
+when he talks little:--that can see the truth betwixt two wranglers, and
+sees them agree even in that they fall out upon:--that speaks no rebellion
+in a bravery, or talks big from the spirit of sack. A man cool and
+temperate in his passions, not easily betrayed by his choler:--that vies
+not oath with oath, nor heat with heat, but replies calmly to an angry
+man, and is too hard for him too:--that can come fairly off from captain's
+companies, and neither drink nor quarrel. One whom no ill hunting sends
+home discontented, and makes him swear at his dogs and family. One not
+hasty to pursue the new fashion, nor yet affectedly true to his old round
+breeches; but gravely handsome, and to his place, which suits him better
+than his taylor: active in the world without disquiet, and careful without
+misery; yet neither ingulphed in his pleasures, nor a seeker of business,
+but has his hour for both. A man that seldom laughs violently, but his
+mirth is a cheerful look: of a composed and settled countenance, not set,
+nor much alterable with sadness or joy. He affects nothing so wholly, that
+he must be a miserable man when he loses it; but fore-thinks what will
+come hereafter, and spares fortune his thanks and curses. One that loves
+his credit, not this word reputation; yet can save both without a duel.
+Whose entertainments to greater men are respectful, not complementary; and
+to his friends plain, not rude. A good husband, father, master; that is,
+without doting, pampering, familiarity. A man well poised in all humours,
+in whom nature shewed most geometry, and he has not spoiled the work. A
+man of more wisdom than wittiness, and brain than fancy; and abler to any
+thing than to make verses.
+
+
+
+
+LV.
+
+A MODEST MAN
+
+
+Is a far finer man than he knows of, one that shews better to all men than
+himself, and so much the better to all men, as less to himself;[78] for no
+quality sets a man off like this, and commends him more against his will:
+and he can put up any injury sooner than this (as he calls it) your irony.
+You shall hear him confute his commenders, and giving reasons how much
+they are mistaken, and is angry almost if they do not believe him. Nothing
+threatens him so much as great expectation, which he thinks more
+prejudicial than your under-opinion, because it is easier to make that
+false, than this true. He is one that sneaks from a good action, as one
+that had pilfered, and dare not justify it; and is more blushingly
+reprehended in this, than others in sin: that counts all publick
+declarings of himself, but so many penances before the people; and the
+more you applaud him, the more you abash him, and he recovers not his face
+a month after. One that is easy to like any thing of another man's, and
+thinks all he knows not of him better than that he knows. He excuses that
+to you, which another would impute; and if you pardon him, is satisfied.
+One that stands in no opinion because it is his own, but suspects it
+rather, because it is his own, and is confuted and thanks you. He sees
+nothing more willingly than his errors, and it is his error sometimes to
+be too soon persuaded. He is content to be auditor, where he only can
+speak, and content to go away, and think himself instructed. No man is so
+weak that he is ashamed to learn of, and is less ashamed to confess it;
+and he finds many times even in the dust, what others overlook and lose.
+Every man's presence is a kind of bridle to him, to stop the roving of his
+tongue and passions: and even impudent men look for this reverence from
+him, and distaste that in him, which they suffer in themselves, as one in
+whom vice is ill-favoured, and shews more scurvily than another. A bawdy
+jest shall shame him more than a bastard another man, and he that got it
+shall censure him among the rest. And he is coward to nothing more than an
+ill tongue, and whosoever dare lye on him hath power over him; and if you
+take him by his look, he is guilty. The main ambition of his life is not
+to be discredited; and for other things, his desires are more limited than
+his fortunes, which he thinks preferment, though never so mean, and that
+he is to do something to deserve this. He is too tender to venture on
+great places, and would not hurt a dignity to help himself: If he do, it
+was the violence of his friends constrained him, how hardly soever he
+obtain it, he was harder persuaded to seek it.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[78] This, as well as many other passages in this work, has been
+appropriated by John Dunton, the celebrated bookseller, as his own. See
+his character of Mr. Samuel Hool, in _Dunton's Life and Errors_, 8vo.
+1705. p. 337.
+
+
+
+
+LVI.
+
+A MEER EMPTY WIT
+
+
+Is like one that spends on the stock without any revenues coming in, and
+will shortly be no wit at all; for learning is the fuel to the fire of
+wit, which, if it wants this feeding, eats out it self. A good conceit or
+two bates of such a man, and makes a sensible weakening in him; and his
+brain recovers it not a year after. The rest of him are bubbles and
+flashes, darted out on a sudden, which, if you take them while they are
+warm, may be laughed at; if they are cool, are nothing. He speaks best on
+the present apprehension, for meditation stupifies him, and the more he is
+in travel, the less he brings forth. His things come off then, as in a
+nauseateing stomach, where there is nothing to cast up, strains and
+convulsions, and some astonishing bombasts, which men only, till they
+understand, are scared with. A verse or some such work he may sometimes
+get up to, but seldom above the stature of an epigram, and that with some
+relief out of Martial, which is the ordinary companion of his pocket, and
+he reads him as he were inspired. Such men are commonly the trifling
+things of the world, good to make merry the company, and whom only men
+have to do withal when they have nothing to do, and none are less their
+friends than who are most their company. Here they vent themselves over a
+cup some-what more lastingly; all their words go for jests, and all their
+jests for nothing. They are nimble in the fancy of some ridiculous thing,
+and reasonable good in the expression. Nothing stops a jest when it's
+coming, neither friends, nor danger, but it must out howsoever, though
+their blood come out after, and then they emphatically rail, and are
+emphatically beaten, and commonly are men reasonable familiar to this.
+Briefly they are such whose life is but to laugh and be laughed at; and
+only wits in jest and fools in earnest.
+
+
+
+
+LVII.
+
+A DRUNKARD
+
+
+Is one that will be a man to-morrow morning, but is now what you will make
+him, for he is in the power of the next man, and if a friend the better.
+One that hath let go himself from the hold and stay of reason, and lies
+open to the mercy of all temptations. No lust but finds him disarmed and
+fenceless, and with the least assault enters. If any mischief escape him,
+it was not his fault, for he was laid as fair for it as he could. Every
+man sees him, as Cham saw his father the first of this sin, an uncovered
+man, and though his garment be on, uncovered; the secretest parts of his
+soul lying in the nakedest manner visible: all his passions come out now,
+all his vanities, and those shamefuller humours which discretion clothes.
+His body becomes at last like a miry way, where the spirits are beclogged
+and cannot pass: all his members are out of office, and his heels do but
+trip up one another. He is a blind man with eyes, and a cripple with legs
+on. All the use he has of this vessel himself, is to hold thus much; for
+his drinking is but a scooping in of so many quarts, which are filled out
+into his body, and that filled out again into the room, which is commonly
+as drunk as he. Tobacco serves to air him after a washing, and is his only
+breath and breathing while. He is the greatest enemy to himself, and the
+next to his friend, and then most in the act of his kindness, for his
+kindness is but trying a mastery, who shall sink down first: and men come
+from him as a battle, wounded and bound up. Nothing takes a man off more
+from his credit, and business, and makes him more retchlesly[79] careless
+what becomes of all. Indeed he dares not enter on a serious thought, or if
+he do, it is such melancholy that it sends him to be drunk again.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[79] Rechlesse, _negligent_. Saxon, rectlerre. Chaucer uses it also as an
+adjective:
+
+    "I may not in this cas be _reccheles_."
+
+_Clerkes Tale_, v. 8364.
+
+
+
+
+LVIII.
+
+A PRISON
+
+
+Is the grave of the living,[80] where they are shut up from the world and
+their friends; and the worms that gnaw upon them their own thoughts and
+the jaylor. A house of meagre looks and ill smells, for lice, drink, and
+tobacco are the compound. Pluto's court was expressed from this fancy; and
+the persons are much about the same parity that is there. You may ask, as
+Menippus in Lucian, which is Nireus, which Thersites, which the beggar,
+which the knight;--for they are all suited in the same form of a kind of
+nasty poverty. Only to be out at elbows is in fashion here, and a great
+indecorum not to be thread-bare. Every man shews here like so many wracks
+upon the sea, here the ribs of a thousand pound, here the relicks of so
+many mannors, a doublet without buttons; and 'tis a spectacle of more pity
+than executions are. The company one with the other is but a vying of
+complaints, and the causes they have to rail on fortune and fool
+themselves, and there is a great deal of good fellowship in this. They are
+commonly, next their creditors, most bitter against the lawyers, as men
+that have had a great stroke in assisting them hither. Mirth here is
+stupidity or hard-heartedness, yet they feign it sometimes to slip
+melancholy, and keep off themselves from themselves, and the torment of
+thinking what they have been. Men huddle up their life here as a thing of
+no use, and wear it out like an old suit, the faster the better; and he
+that deceives the time best, best spends it. It is the place where new
+comers are most welcomed, and, next them, ill news, as that which extends
+their fellowship in misery, and leaves few to insult:--and they breath
+their discontents more securely here, and have their tongues at more
+liberty than abroad. Men see here much sin and much calamity; and where
+the last does not mortify, the other hardens; as those that are worse
+here, are desperately worse, and those from whom the horror of sin is
+taken off and the punishment familiar: and commonly a hard thought passes
+on all that come from this school; which though it teach much wisdom, it
+is too late, and with danger: and it is better be a fool than come here to
+learn it.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[80] "A prison is a graue to bury men aliue, and a place wherein a man for
+halfe a yeares experience may learne more law then he can at Westminster
+for an hundred pound." Mynshul's _Essays and Characters of a Prison_. 4to.
+1618.
+
+
+
+
+LIX.
+
+A SERVING MAN
+
+
+Is one of the makings up of a gentleman as well as his clothes, and
+somewhat in the same nature, for he is cast behind his master as
+fashionably as his sword and cloak are, and he is but _in querpo_[81]
+without him. His properness[82] qualifies him, and of that a good leg;
+for his head he has little use but to keep it bare. A good dull wit best
+suits with him to comprehend common sense and a trencher; for any greater
+store of brain it makes him but tumultuous, and seldom thrives with him.
+He follows his master's steps, as well in conditions as the street; if he
+wench or drink, he comes him in an under kind, and thinks it a part of his
+duty to be like him. He is indeed wholly his master's; of his faction,--of
+his cut,--of his pleasures:--he is handsome for his credit, and drunk for
+his credit, and if he have power in the cellar, commands the parish. He is
+one that keeps the best company, and is none of it; for he knows all the
+gentlemen his master knows, and picks from thence some hawking and
+horse-race terms,[83] which he swaggers with in the ale-house, where he is
+only called master. His mirth is bawdy jests with the wenches, and, behind
+the door, bawdy earnest. The best work he does is his marrying, for it
+makes an honest woman, and if he follows in it his master's direction, it
+is commonly the best service he does him.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[81] _In querpo_ is a corruption from the Spanish word _cuérpo_. "_En
+cuérpo, a man without a cloak._" Pineda's _Dictionary_, 1740. The present
+signification evidently is, that a gentleman without his serving-man, or
+attendant, is but half dressed:--he possesses only in part the appearance
+of a man of fashion. "_To walk in cuerpo, is to go without a cloak._"
+_Glossographia Anglicana Nova_, 8vo. 1719.
+
+[82] _Proper_ was frequently used by old writers for comely, or handsome.
+Shakspeare has several instances of it:
+
+    "I do mistake my person all this while:
+    Upon my life, she finds, although I cannot,
+    Myself to be a marvellous _proper_ man."
+
+_K. Richard III._ Act I. Sc. 2. &c.
+
+[83] "Why you know an'a man have not skill in the hawking and hunting
+languages now-a-days, I'll not give a rush for him." _Master Stephen._
+_Every Man in his Humour._
+
+
+
+
+LX.
+
+AN INSOLENT MAN
+
+
+Is a fellow newly great and newly proud; one that hath put himself into
+another face upon his preferment, for his own was not bred to it. One whom
+fortune hath shot up to some office or authority, and he shoots up his
+neck to his fortune, and will not bate you an inch of either. His very
+countenance and gesture bespeak how much he is, and if you understand him
+not, he tells you, and concludes every period with his place, which you
+must and shall know. He is one that looks on all men as if he were angry,
+but especially on those of his acquaintance, whom he beats off with a
+surlier distance, as men apt to mistake him, because they have known him;
+and for this cause he knows not you 'till you have told him your name,
+which he thinks he has heard, but forgot, and with much ado seems to
+recover. If you have any thing to use him in, you are his vassal for that
+time, and must give him the patience of any injury, which he does only to
+shew what he may do. He snaps you up bitterly, because he will be
+offended, and tells you, you are sawcy and troublesome, and sometimes
+takes your money in this language. His very courtesies are intolerable,
+they are done with such an arrogance and imputation; and he is the only
+man you may hate after a good turn, and not be ungrateful; and men reckon
+it among their calamities to be beholden unto him. No vice draws with it a
+more general hostility, and makes men readier to search into his faults,
+and of them, his beginning; and no tale so unlikely but is willingly heard
+of him and believed. And commonly such men are of no merit at all, but
+make out in pride what they want in worth, and fence themselves with a
+stately kind of behaviour from that contempt which would pursue them. They
+are men whose preferment does us a great deal of wrong, and when they are
+down, we may laugh at them without breach of good-nature.
+
+
+
+
+LXI.
+
+ACQUAINTANCE
+
+
+Is the first draught of a friend, whom we must lay down oft thus, as the
+foul copy, before we can write him perfect and true: for from hence, as
+from a probation, men take a degree in our respect, till at last they
+wholly possess us: for acquaintance is the hoard, and friendship the pair
+chosen out of it; by which at last we begin to impropriate and inclose to
+ourselves what before lay in common with others. And commonly where it
+grows not up to this, it falls as low as may be; and no poorer relation
+than old acquaintance, of whom we only ask how they do for fashion's sake,
+and care not. The ordinary use of acquaintance is but somewhat a more
+boldness of society, a sharing of talk, news, drink, mirth together; but
+sorrow is the right of a friend, as a thing nearer our heart, and to be
+delivered with it. Nothing easier than to create acquaintance, the mere
+being in company once does it; whereas friendship, like children, is
+ingendered by a more inward mixture, and coupling together; when we are
+acquainted not with their virtues only, but their faults, their passions,
+their fears, their shame,--and are bold on both sides to make their
+discovery. And as it is in the love of the body, which is then at the
+height and full when it has power and admittance into the hidden and
+worst parts of it; so it is in friendship with the mind, when those
+_verenda_ of the soul, and those things which we dare not shew the world,
+are bare and detected one to another. Some men are familiar with all, and
+those commonly friends to none; for friendship is a sullener thing, is a
+contractor and taker up of our affections to some few, and suffers them
+not loosely to be scattered on all men. The poorest tie of acquaintance is
+that of place and country, which are shifted as the place, and missed but
+while the fancy of that continues. These are only then gladdest of other,
+when they meet in some foreign region, where the encompassing of strangers
+unites them closer, till at last they get new, and throw off one another.
+Men of parts and eminency, as their acquaintance is more sought for, so
+they are generally more staunch of it, not out of pride only, but fear to
+let too many in too near them: for it is with men as with pictures, the
+best show better afar off and at distance, and the closer you come to them
+the coarser they are. The best judgment of a man is taken from his
+acquaintance, for friends and enemies are both partial; whereas these see
+him truest because calmest, and are no way so engaged to lie for him. And
+men that grow strange after acquaintance, seldom piece together again, as
+those that have tasted meat and dislike it, out of a mutual experience
+disrelishing one another.
+
+
+
+
+LXII.
+
+A MEER COMPLIMENTAL MAN
+
+
+Is one to be held off still at the same distance you are now; for you
+shall have him but thus, and if you enter on him farther you lose him.
+Methinks Virgil well expresses him in those well-behaved ghosts that Æneas
+met with, that were friends to talk with, and men to look on, but if he
+grasped them, but air.[84] He is one that lies kindly to you, and for good
+fashion's sake, and tis discourtesy in you to believe him. His words are
+so many fine phrases set together, which serve equally for all men, and
+are equally to no purpose. Each fresh encounter with a man puts him to the
+same part again, and he goes over to you what he said to him was last with
+him: he kisses your hands as he kissed his before, and is your servant to
+be commanded, but you shall intreat of him nothing. His proffers are
+universal and general, with exceptions against all particulars. He will do
+any thing for you, but if you urge him to this, he cannot, or to that, he
+is engaged; but he will do any thing. Promises he accounts but a kind of
+mannerly words, and in the expectation of your manners not to exact them:
+if you do, he wonders at your ill breeding, that cannot distinguish
+betwixt what is spoken and what is meant. No man gives better
+satisfaction at the first, and comes off more with the elogy of a kind
+gentleman, till you know him better, and then you know him for nothing.
+And commonly those most rail at him, that have before most commended him.
+The best is, he cozens you in a fair manner, and abuses you with great
+respect.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[84]
+
+    Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum:
+    Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,
+    Par leuibus ventis, volucrique simillima somno.
+
+_Virgil_ Æn. vi. _v._ 700. edit. Heyne, 1787.
+
+
+
+
+LXIII.
+
+A POOR FIDDLER
+
+
+Is a man and a fiddle out of case, and he in worse case than his fiddle.
+One that rubs two sticks together (as the Indians strike fire), and rubs a
+poor living out of it; partly from this, and partly from your charity,
+which is more in the hearing than giving him, for he sells nothing dearer
+than to be gone. He is just so many strings above a beggar, though he have
+but two; and yet he begs too, only not in the downright 'for God's sake,'
+but with a shrugging 'God bless you,' and his face is more pined than the
+blind man's. Hunger is the greatest pain he takes, except a broken head
+sometimes, and the labouring John Dory.[85] Otherwise his life is so many
+fits of mirth, and tis some mirth to see him. A good feast shall draw him
+five miles by the nose, and you shall track him again by the scent. His
+other pilgrimages are fairs and good houses, where his devotion is great
+to the Christmas; and no man loves good times better. He is in league with
+the tapsters for the worshipful of the inn, whom, he torments next morning
+with his art, and has their names more perfect than their men. A new song
+is better to him than a new jacket, especially if bawdy, which he calls
+merry; and hates naturally the puritan, as an enemy to this mirth. A
+country wedding and Whitson-ale are the two main places he domineers in,
+where he goes for a musician, and overlooks the bag-pipe. The rest of him
+is drunk, and in the stocks.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[85] Probably the name of some difficult tune.
+
+
+
+
+LXIV.
+
+A MEDDLING MAN
+
+
+Is one that has nothing to do with his business, and yet no man busier
+than he, and his business is most in his face. He is one thrusts himself
+violently into all employments, unsent for, unfeed, and many times
+unthanked; and his part in it is only an eager bustling, that rather keeps
+ado than does any thing. He will take you aside, and question you of your
+affair, and listen with both ears, and look earnestly, and then it is
+nothing so much yours as his. He snatches what you are doing out of your
+hands, and cries "give it me," and does it worse, and lays an engagement
+upon you too, and you must thank him for his pains. He lays you down an
+hundred wild plots, all impossible things, which you must be ruled by
+perforce, and he delivers them with a serious and counselling forehead;
+and there is a great deal more wisdom in this forehead than his head. He
+will woo for you, solicit for you, and woo you to suffer him; and scarce
+any thing done, wherein his letter, or his journey, or at least himself is
+not seen; if he have no task in it else, he will rail yet on some side,
+and is often beaten when he need not. Such men never thoroughly weigh any
+business, but are forward only to shew their zeal, when many times this
+forwardness spoils it, and then they cry they have done what they can,
+that is, as much hurt. Wise men still deprecate these men's kindnesses,
+and are beholden to them rather to let them alone; as being one trouble
+more in all business, and which a man shall be hardest rid of.
+
+
+
+
+LXV.
+
+A GOOD OLD MAN
+
+
+Is the best antiquity, and which we may with least vanity admire. One whom
+time hath been thus long a working, and like winter fruit, ripened when
+others are shaken down. He hath taken out as many lessons of the world as
+days, and learnt the best thing in it; the vanity of it. He looks over his
+former life as a danger well past, and would not hazard himself to begin
+again. His lust was long broken before his body, yet he is glad this
+temptation is broke too, and that he is fortified from it by this
+weakness. The next door of death sads him not, but he expects it calmly as
+his turn in nature; and fears more his recoiling back to childishness than
+dust. All men look on him as a common father, and on old age, for his
+sake, as a reverent thing. His very presence and face puts vice out of
+countenance, and makes it an indecorum in a vicious man. He practises his
+experience on youth without the harshness of reproof, and in his counsel
+his good company. He has some old stories still of his own seeing to
+confirm what he says, and makes them better in the telling; yet is not
+troublesome neither with the same tale again, but remembers with them how
+oft he has told them. His old sayings and morals seem proper to his beard;
+and the poetry of Cato does well out of his mouth, and he speaks it as if
+he were the author. He is not apt to put the boy on a younger man, nor the
+fool on a boy, but can distinguish gravity from a sour look; and the less
+testy he is, the more regarded. You must pardon him if he like his own
+times better than these, because those things are follies to him now that
+were wisdom then; yet he makes us of that opinion too when we see him, and
+conjecture those times by so good a relick. He is a man capable of a
+dearness with the youngest men, yet he not youthfuller for them, but they
+older for him; and no man credits more his acquaintance. He goes away at
+last too soon whensoever, with all men's sorrow but his own; and his
+memory is fresh, when it is twice as old.
+
+
+
+
+LXVI.
+
+A FLATTERER
+
+
+Is the picture of a friend, and as pictures flatter many times, so he oft
+shews fairer than the true substance: his look, conversation, company, and
+all the outwardness of friendship more pleasing by odds, for a true friend
+dare take the liberty to be sometimes offensive, whereas he is a great
+deal more cowardly, and will not let the least hold go, for fear of losing
+you. Your meer sour look affrights him, and makes him doubt his
+casheering. And this is one sure mark of him, that he is never first
+angry, but ready though upon his own wrong to make satisfaction. Therefore
+he is never yoked with a poor man, or any that stands on the lower
+ground, but whose fortunes may tempt his pains to deceive him. Him he
+learns first, and learns well, and grows perfecter in his humours than
+himself, and by this door enters upon his soul, of which he is able at
+last to take the very print and mark, and fashion his own by it, like a
+false key to open all your secrets. All his affections jump[86] even with
+your's; he is before-hand with your thoughts, and able to suggest them
+unto you. He will commend to you first what he knows you like, and has
+always some absurd story or other of your enemy, and then wonders how your
+two opinions should jump in that man. He will ask your counsel sometimes
+as a man of deep judgment, and has a secret of purpose to disclose to you,
+and whatsoever you say, is persuaded. He listens to your words with great
+attention, and sometimes will object that you may confute him, and then
+protests he never heard so much before. A piece of wit bursts him with an
+overflowing laughter, and he remembers it for you to all companies, and
+laughs again in the telling. He is one never chides you but for your
+vertues, as, _you are too good, too honest, too religious_, when his
+chiding may seem but the earnester commendation, and yet would fain chide
+you out of them too; for your vice is the thing he has use of, and wherein
+you may best use him; and he is never more active than in the worst
+diligences. Thus, at last, he possesses you from yourself, and then
+expects but his hire to betray you: and it is a happiness not to discover
+him; for as long as you are happy, you shall not.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[86] _Jump_ here signifies to coincide. The old play of _Soliman and
+Perseda_, 4to. _without date_, uses it in the same sense:
+
+"Wert thou my friend, thy mind would _jump_ with mine." So in _Pierce
+Penilesse his Supplication to the Divele_:--"Not two of them jump in one
+tale." p. 29.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+LXVII.
+
+A HIGH-SPIRITED MAN
+
+
+Is one that looks like a proud man, but is not: you may forgive him his
+looks for his worth's sake, for they are only too proud to be base. One
+whom no rate can buy off from the least piece of his freedom, and make him
+digest an unworthy thought an hour. He cannot crouch to a great man to
+possess him, nor fall low to the earth to rebound never so high again. He
+stands taller on his own bottom, than others on the advantage ground of
+fortune, as having solidly that honour, of which title is but the pomp. He
+does homage to no man for his great stile's sake, but is strictly just in
+the exaction of respect again, and will not bate you a complement. He is
+more sensible of a neglect than an undoing, and scorns no man so much as
+his surly threatener. A man quickly fired, and quickly laid down with
+satisfaction, but remits any injury sooner than words: only to himself he
+is irreconcileable, whom he never forgives a disgrace, but is still
+stabbing himself with the thought of it, and no disease that he dies of
+sooner. He is one had rather perish than be beholden for his life, and
+strives more to be quit with his friend than his enemy. Fortune may kill
+him but not deject him, nor make him fall into an humbler key than before,
+but he is now loftier than ever in his own defence; you shall hear him
+talk still after thousands, and he becomes it better than those that have
+it. One that is above the world and its drudgery, and cannot pull down his
+thoughts to the pelting businesses of life. He would sooner accept the
+gallows than a mean trade, or any thing that might disparage the height of
+man in him, and yet thinks no death comparably base to hanging neither.
+One that will do nothing upon command, though he would do it otherwise;
+and if ever he do evil, it is when he is dared to it. He is one that if
+fortune equal his worth puts a luster in all preferment; but if otherwise
+he be too much crossed, turns desperately melancholy, and scorns mankind.
+
+
+
+
+LXVIII.
+
+A MEER GULL CITIZEN
+
+
+Is one much about the same model and pitch of brain that the clown is,
+only of somewhat a more polite and finical ignorance, and as sillily
+scorns him as he is sillily admired by him. The quality of the city hath
+afforded him some better dress of clothes and language, which he uses to
+the best advantage, and is so much the more ridiculous. His chief
+education is the visits of his shop, where if courtiers and fine ladies
+resort, he is infected with so much more eloquence, and if he catch one
+word extraordinary, wears it for ever. You shall hear him mince a
+complement sometimes that was never made for him; and no man pays dearer
+for good words,--for he is oft paid with them. He is suited rather fine
+than in the fashion, and has still something to distinguish him from a
+gentleman, though his doublet cost more; especially on Sundays,
+bridegroom-like, where he carries the state of a very solemn man, and
+keeps his pew as his shop; and it is a great part of his devotion to feast
+the minister. But his chiefest guest is a customer, which is the greatest
+relation he acknowledges, especially if you be an honest gentleman, that
+is trust him to cozen you enough. His friendships are a kind of gossipping
+friendships, and those commonly within the circle of his trade, wherein he
+is careful principally to avoid two things, that is poor men and
+suretiships. He is a man will spend his six-pence with a great deal of
+imputation,[87] and no man makes more of a pint of wine than he. He is one
+bears a pretty kind of foolish love to scholars, and to Cambridge
+especially for Sturbridge[88] fair's sake; and of these all are truants
+to him that are not preachers, and of these the loudest the best; and he
+is much ravished with the noise of a rolling tongue. He loves to hear
+discourses out of his element, and the less he understands the better
+pleased, which he expresses in a smile and some fond protestation. One
+that does nothing without his chuck[89], that is his wife, with whom he is
+billing still in conspiracy, and the wantoner she is, the more power she
+has over him; and she never stoops so low after him, but is the only woman
+goes better of a widow than a maid. In the education of his child no man
+fearfuller, and the danger he fears is a harsh school-master, to whom he
+is alledging still the weakness of the boy, and pays a fine extraordinary
+for his mercy. The first whipping rids him to the university, and from
+thence rids him again for fear of starving, and the best he makes of him
+is some gull in plush. He is one loves to hear the famous acts of
+citizens, whereof the gilding of the cross[90] he counts the glory of this
+age, and the four[91] prentices of London above all the nine[92]
+worthies. He intitles himself to all the merits of his company, whether
+schools, hospitals, or exhibitions, in which he is joint benefactor,
+though four hundred years ago, and upbraids them far more than those that
+gave them: yet with all this folly he has wit enough to get wealth, and
+in that a sufficienter man than he that is wiser.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[87] _Imputation_ here must be used for _consequence_; of which I am,
+however, unable to produce any other instance.
+
+[88] _Sturbridge fair_ was the great mart for business, and resort for
+pleasure, in bishop Earle's day. It is alluded to in Randolph's _Conceited
+Pedlar_, 4to. 1630.
+
+    "I am a pedlar, and I sell my ware
+    This braue Saint Barthol. or _Sturbridge faire_."
+
+
+Edward Ward, the facetious author of _The London Spy_, gives a whimsical
+account of a journey to _Sturbridge_, in the second volume of his works.
+
+[89] This silly term of endearment appears to be derived from _chick_, or
+_my chicken_. Shakspeare uses it in Macbeth, Act iii. Scene 2.
+
+    "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest _chuck_."
+
+
+
+[90] The great cross in West Cheap, was originally erected in 1290, by
+Edward I. in commemoration of the death of queen Ellinor, whose body
+rested at that place, on its journey from Herdeby, in Lincolnshire, to
+Westminster, for interment. It was rebuilt in 1441, and again in 1484. In
+1581, the images and ornaments were destroyed by the populace; and in
+1599, the top of the cross was taken down, the timber being rotted within
+the lead, and fears being entertained as to its safety. By order of queen
+Elizabeth, and her privy council, it was repaired in 1600, when, says
+Stow, "a cross of timber was framed, set up, covered with lead, _and
+gilded_," &c. Stow's _Survey of London_, by Strype, book iii. p. 35. Edit,
+folio, Lond. 1720.
+
+[91] This must allude to the play written by Heywood with the following
+title: _The Foure Prentises of London. With the Conquest of Ierusalem. As
+it hath bene diuerse times acted at the Red Bull, by the Queene's
+Maiesties Seruants._ 4to. Lond. 1615. In this drama, the _four prentises_
+are Godfrey, Grey, Charles, and Eustace, sons to the _old Earle of
+Bullen_, who, having lost his territories, by assisting William the
+Conqueror in his descent upon England, is compelled to live like a private
+citizen in London, and binds his sons to a mercer, a goldsmith, a
+haberdasher, and a grocer. The _four prentises_, however, prefer the life
+of a soldier to that of a tradesman, and, quitting the service of their
+masters, follow Robert of Normandy to the holy land, where they perform
+the most astonishing feats of valour, and finally accomplish the _conquest
+of Ierusalem_. The whole play abounds in bombast and impossibilities, and,
+as a composition, is unworthy of notice or remembrance.
+
+[92] _The History of the Nine Worthies of the World; three whereof were
+Gentiles: 1. Hector, son of Priamus, king of Troy. 2. Alexander the Great,
+king of Macedon, and conqueror of the world. 3. Julius Cæsar, first
+emperor of Rome. Three Jews. 4. Joshua, captain general and leader of
+Israel into Canaan. 5. David, king of Israel. 6. Judas Maccabeus, a
+valiant Jewish commander against the tyranny of Antiochus. Three
+Christians. 7. Arthur, king of Britain, who courageously defended his
+country against the Saxons. 8. Charles the Great, king of France and
+emperor of Germany. 9. Godfrey of Bullen, king of Jerusalem. Being an
+account of their glorious lives, worthy actions, renowned victories, and
+deaths._ 12mo. No date.
+
+
+
+
+LXIX.
+
+A LASCIVIOUS MAN
+
+
+Is the servant he says of many mistresses, but all are but his lust, to
+which only he is faithful, and none besides, and spends his best blood and
+spirits in the service. His soul is the bawd to his body, and those that
+assist him in this nature the nearest to it. No man abuses more the name
+of love, or those whom he applies this name to; for his love is like his
+stomach to feed on what he loves, and the end of it to surfeit and loath,
+till a fresh appetite rekindle him; and it kindles on any sooner than who
+deserve best of him. There is a great deal of malignity in this vice, for
+it loves still to spoil the best things, and a virgin sometimes rather
+than beauty, because the undoing here is greater, and consequently his
+glory. No man laughs more at his sin than he, or is so extremely tickled
+with the remembrance of it; and he is more violence to a modest ear than
+to her he defloured. A bawdy jest enters deep into him, and whatsoever you
+speak he will draw to baudry, and his wit is never so good as here. His
+unchastest part is his tongue, for that commits always what he must act
+seldomer; and that commits with all which he acts with few; for he is his
+own worst reporter, and men believe as bad of him, and yet do not believe
+him. Nothing harder to his persuasion than a chaste man, no eunuch; and
+makes a scoffing miracle at it, if you tell him of a maid. And from this
+mistrust it is that such men fear marriage, or at least marry such as are
+of bodies to be trusted, to whom only they sell that lust which they buy
+of others, and make their wife a revenue to their mistress. They are men
+not easily reformed, because they are so little ill-persuaded of their
+illness, and have such pleas from man and nature. Besides it is a jeering
+and flouting vice, and apt to put jests on the reprover. The pox only
+converts them, and that only when it kills them.
+
+
+
+
+LXX.
+
+A RASH MAN
+
+
+Is a man too quick for himself; one whose actions put a leg still before
+his judgement, and out-run it. Every hot fancy or passion is the signal
+that sets him forward, and his reason comes still in the rear. One that
+has brain enough, but not patience to digest a business, and stay the
+leisure of a second thought. All deliberation is to him a kind of sloth
+and freezing of action, and it shall burn him rather than take cold. He is
+always resolved at first thinking, and the ground he goes upon is, _hap
+what may_. Thus he enters not, but throws himself violently upon all
+things, and for the most part is as violently upon all off again; and as
+an obstinate "_I will_" was the preface to his undertaking, so his
+conclusion is commonly "_I would I had not_;" for such men seldom do any
+thing that they are not forced to take in pieces again, and are so much
+farther off from doing it, as they have done already. His friends are with
+him as his physician, sought to only in his sickness and extremity, and to
+help him out of that mire he has plunged himself into; for in the
+suddenness of his passions he would hear nothing, and now his ill success
+has allayed him he hears too late. He is a man still swayed with the first
+reports, and no man more in the power of a pick-thank than he. He is one
+will fight first, and then expostulate, condemn first, and then examine.
+He loses his friend in a fit of quarrelling, and in a fit of kindness
+undoes himself; and then curses the occasion drew this mischief upon him,
+and cries, God mercy! for it, and curses again. His repentance is meerly a
+rage against himself, and he does something in itself to be repented
+again. He is a man whom fortune must go against much to make him happy,
+for had he been suffered his own way, he had been undone.
+
+
+
+
+LXXI.
+
+AN AFFECTED MAN
+
+
+Is an extraordinary man in ordinary things. One that would go a strain
+beyond himself, and is taken in it. A man that overdoes all things with
+great solemnity of circumstance; and whereas with more negligence he might
+pass better, makes himself with a great deal of endeavour ridiculous. The
+fancy of some odd quaintnesses have put him clean beside his nature; he
+cannot be that he would, and hath lost what he was. He is one must be
+point-blank in every trifle, as if his credit and opinion hung upon it;
+the very space of his arms in an embrace studied before and premeditated,
+and the figure of his countenance of a fortnight's contriving; he will not
+curse you without-book and extempore, but in some choice way, and perhaps
+as some great man curses. Every action of his cries,--"_Do ye mark me?_"
+and men do mark him how absurd he is: for affectation is the most
+betraying humour, and nothing that puzzles a man less to find out than
+this. All the actions of his life are like so many things bodged in
+without any natural cadence or connection at all. You shall track him all
+through like a schoolboy's theme, one piece from one author and this from
+another, and join all in this general, that they are none of his own. You
+shall observe his mouth not made for that tone, nor his face for that
+simper; and it is his luck that his finest things most misbecome him. If
+he affect the gentleman as the humour most commonly lies that way, not the
+least punctilio of a fine man, but he is strict in to a hair, even to
+their very negligences, which he cons as rules. He will not carry a knife
+with him to wound reputation, and pay double a reckoning, rather than
+ignobly question it: and he is full of this--ignobly--and nobly--and
+genteely;--and this meer fear to trespass against the genteel way puts him
+out most of all. It is a humour runs through many things besides, but is
+an ill-favoured ostentation in all, and thrives not:--and the best use of
+such men is, they are good parts in a play.
+
+
+
+
+LXXI.
+
+A PROFANE MAN
+
+
+Is one that denies God as far as the law gives him leave; that is, only
+does not say so in downright terms, for so far he may go. A man that does
+the greatest sins calmly, and as the ordinary actions of life, and as
+calmly discourses of it again. He will tell you his business is to break
+such a commandment, and the breaking of the commandment shall tempt him to
+it. His words are but so many vomitings cast up to the loathsomeness of
+the hearers, only those of his company[93] loath it not. He will take upon
+him with oaths to pelt some tenderer man out of his company, and makes
+good sport at his conquest over the puritan fool. The scripture supplies
+him for jests, and he reads it on purpose to be thus merry: he will prove
+you his sin out of the bible, and then ask if you will not take that
+authority. He never sees the church but of purpose to sleep in it, or when
+some silly man preaches, with whom he means to make sport, and is most
+jocund in the church. One that nick-names clergymen with all the terms of
+reproach, as "_rat_, _black-coat_" and the like; which he will be sure to
+keep up, and never calls them by other: that sings psalms when he is
+drunk, and cries "_God mercy_" in mockery, for he must do it. He is one
+seems to dare God in all his actions, but indeed would out-dare the
+opinion of him, which would else turn him desperate; for atheism is the
+refuge of such sinners, whose repentance would be only to hang
+themselves.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[93] Those of the same habits with himself; his associates.
+
+
+
+
+LXXIII.
+
+A COWARD
+
+
+Is the man that is commonly most fierce against the coward, and labouring
+to take off this suspicion from himself; for the opinion of valour is a
+good protection to those that dare not use it. No man is valianter than he
+is in civil company, and where he thinks no danger may come on it, and is
+the readiest man to fall upon a drawer and those that must not strike
+again: wonderful exceptious and cholerick where he sees men are loth to
+give him occasion, and you cannot pacify him better than by quarrelling
+with him. The hotter you grow, the more temperate man is he; he protests
+he always honoured you, and the more you rail upon him, the more he
+honours you, and you threaten him at last into a very honest quiet man.
+The sight of a sword wounds him more sensibly than the stroke, for before
+that come he is dead already. Every man is his master that dare beat him,
+and every man dares that knows him. And he that dare do this is the only
+man can do much with him; for his friend he cares not for, as a man that
+carries no such terror as his enemy, which for this cause only is more
+potent with him of the two: and men fall out with him of purpose to get
+courtesies from him, and be bribed again to a reconcilement. A man in whom
+no secret can be bound up, for the apprehension of each danger loosens
+him, and makes him bewray both the room and it. He is a christian meerly
+for fear of hell-fire; and if any religion could fright him more, would be
+of that.
+
+
+
+
+LXXIV.
+
+A SORDID RICH MAN
+
+
+Is a beggar of a fair estate, of whose wealth we may say as of other men's
+unthriftiness, that it has brought him to this: when he had nothing he
+lived in another kind of fashion. He is a man whom men hate in his own
+behalf for using himself thus, and yet, being upon himself, it is but
+justice, for he deserves it. Every accession of a fresh heap bates him so
+much of his allowance, and brings him a degree nearer starving. His body
+had been long since desperate, but for the reparation of other men's
+tables, where he hoards meats in his belly for a month, to maintain him in
+hunger so long. His clothes were never young in our memory; you might make
+long epochas from them, and put them into the almanack with the dear
+year[94] and the great frost,[95] and he is known by them longer than his
+face. He is one never gave alms in his life, and yet is as charitable to
+his neighbour as himself. He will redeem a penny with his reputation, and
+lose all his friends to boot; and his reason is, he will not be undone. He
+never pays any thing but with strictness of law, for fear of which only he
+steals not. He loves to pay short a shilling or two in a great sum, and is
+glad to gain that when he can no more. He never sees friend but in a
+journey to save the charges of an inn, and then only is not sick; and his
+friends never see him but to abuse him. He is a fellow indeed of a kind of
+frantick thrift, and one of the strangest things that wealth can work.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[94] The _dear year_ here, I believe, alluded to, was in 1574, and is thus
+described by that faithful and valuable historian Holinshed:--"This yeare,
+about Lammas, wheat was sold at London for three shillings the bushell:
+but shortlie after, it was raised to foure shillings, fiue shillings, six
+shillings, and, before Christmas, to a noble, and seuen shillings; which
+so continued long after. Beefe was sold for twentie pence, and two and
+twentie pence the stone; and all other flesh and white meats at an
+excessiue price; all kind of salt fish verie deare, as fiue herings two
+pence, &c.; yet great plentie of fresh fish, and oft times the same verie
+cheape. Pease at foure shillings the bushell; ote-meale at foure shillings
+eight pence; baie salt at three shillings the bushell, &c. All this dearth
+notwithstanding, (thanks be given to God,) there was no want of anie thing
+to them that wanted not monie." Holinshed, _Chronicle_, vol. 3, page 1259,
+a. edit. folio, 1587.
+
+[95] On the 21st of December, 1564, began a frost referred to by Fleming,
+in his Index to _Holinshed_, as the "_frost called the great frost_,"
+which lasted till the 3rd of January, 1565. It was so severe that the
+Thames was frozen over, and the passage on it, from London-bridge to
+Westminster, as easy as, and more frequented than that on dry land.
+
+
+
+
+LXXV.
+
+A MEER GREAT MAN
+
+
+Is so much heraldry without honour, himself less real than his title. His
+virtue is, that he was his father's son, and all the expectation of him to
+beget another. A man that lives meerly to preserve another's memory, and
+let us know who died so many years ago. One of just as much use as his
+images, only he differs in this, that he can speak himself, and save the
+fellow of Westminster[96] a labour: and he remembers nothing better than
+what was out of his life. His grandfathers and their acts are his
+discourse, and he tells them with more glory than they did them; and it is
+well they did enough, or else he had wanted matter. His other studies are
+his sports and those vices that are fit for great men. Every vanity of his
+has his officer, and is a serious employment for his servants. He talks
+loud, and baudily, and scurvily as a part of state, and they hear him
+with reverence. All good qualities are below him, and especially learning,
+except some parcels of the chronicle and the writing of his name, which he
+learns to write not to be read. He is meerly of his servants' faction, and
+their instrument for their friends and enemies, and is always least
+thanked for his own courtesies. They that fool him most do most with him,
+and he little thinks how many laugh at him bare-head. No man is kept in
+ignorance more of himself and men, for he hears nought but flattery; and
+what is fit to be spoken, truth with so much preface that it loses itself.
+Thus he lives till his tomb be made ready, and is then a grave statue to
+posterity.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[96] The person who exhibits Westminster abbey.
+
+
+
+
+LXXVI.
+
+A POOR MAN
+
+
+Is the most impotent man, though neither blind nor lame, as wanting the
+more necessary limbs of life, without which limbs are a burden. A man
+unfenced and unsheltered from the gusts of the world, which blow all in
+upon him, like an unroofed house; and the bitterest thing he suffers is
+his neighbours. All men put on to him a kind of churlisher fashion, and
+even more plausible natures are churlish to him, as who are nothing
+advantaged by his opinion. Whom men fall out with before-hand to prevent
+friendship, and his friends too to prevent engagements, or if they own him
+'tis in private and a by-room, and on condition not to know them before
+company. All vice put together is not half so scandalous, nor sets off our
+acquaintance farther; and even those that are not friends for ends do not
+love any dearness with such men. The least courtesies are upbraided to
+him, and himself thanked for none, but his best services suspected as
+handsome sharking and tricks to get money. And we shall observe it in
+knaves themselves, that your beggarliest knaves are the greatest, or
+thought so at least, for those that have wit to thrive by it have art not
+to seem so. Now a poor man has not vizard enough to mask his vices, nor
+ornament enough to set forth his virtues, but both are naked and
+unhandsome; and though no man is necessitated to more ill, yet no man's
+ill is less excused, but it is thought a kind of impudence in him to be
+vicious, and a presumption above his fortune. His good parts lye dead upon
+his hands, for want of matter to employ them, and at the best are not
+commended but pitied, as virtues ill placed, and we may say of him, "Tis
+an honest man, but tis pity;" and yet those that call him so will trust a
+knave before him. He is a man that has the truest speculation of the
+world, because all men shew to him in their plainest and worst, as a man
+they have no plot on, by appearing good to; whereas rich men are
+entertained with a more holy-day behaviour, and see only the best we can
+dissemble. He is the only he that tries the true strength of wisdom, what
+it can do of itself without the help of fortune; that with a great deal of
+virtue conquers extremities, and with a great deal more his own
+impatience, and obtains of himself not to hate men.
+
+
+
+
+LXXVII.
+
+AN ORDINARY HONEST MAN
+
+
+Is one whom it concerns to be called honest, for if he were not this, he
+were nothing: and yet he is not this neither, but a good dull vicious
+fellow, that complies well with the deboshments[97] of the time, and is
+fit for it. One that has no good part in him to offend his company, or
+make him to be suspected a proud fellow; but is sociably a dunce, and
+sociably a drinker. That does it fair and above-board without legermain,
+and neither sharks[98] for a cup or a reckoning: that is kind over his
+beer, and protests he loves you, and begins to you again, and loves you
+again. One that quarrels with no man, but for not pledging him, but takes
+all absurdities and commits as many, and is no tell-tale next morning,
+though he remember it. One that will fight for his friend if he hear him
+abused, and his friend commonly is he that is most likely, and he lifts up
+many a jug in his defence. He rails against none but censurers, against
+whom he thinks he rails lawfully, and censurers are all those that are
+better than himself. These good properties qualify him for honesty enough,
+and raise him high in the ale-house commendation, who, if he had any other
+good quality, would be named by that. But now for refuge he is an honest
+man, and hereafter a sot: only those that commend him think him not so,
+and those that commend him are honest fellows.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[97] Minshew interprets the verb _deboshe_, "to corrupt, make lewde,
+vitiate." When the word was first adopted from the French language, (says
+Mr. Steevens, in a note to the _Tempest_,) it appears to have been spelt
+according to the pronunciation, and therefore wrongly; but ever since it
+has been spelt right, it has been uttered with equal impropriety.
+
+[98] The verb _to shark_ is frequently used, by old writers, for to
+_pilfer_, and, as in the present instance, to _spunge_.
+
+
+
+
+LXXVIII.
+
+A SUSPICIOUS OR JEALOUS MAN
+
+
+Is one that watches himself a mischief, and keeps a lear eye still, for
+fear it should escape him. A man that sees a great deal more in every
+thing than is to be seen, and yet he thinks he sees nothing: his own eye
+stands in his light. He is a fellow commonly guilty of some weaknesses,
+which he might conceal if he were careless:--now his over-diligence to
+hide them makes men pry the more. Howsoever he imagines you have found
+him, and it shall go hard but you must abuse him whether you will or no.
+Not a word can be spoke, but nips him somewhere; not a jest thrown out,
+but he will make it hit him. You shall have him go fretting out of
+company, with some twenty quarrels to every man, stung and galled, and no
+man knows less the occasion than they that have given it. To laugh before
+him is a dangerous matter, for it cannot be at any thing but at him, and
+to whisper in his company plain conspiracy. He bids you speak out, and he
+will answer you, when you thought not of him. He expostulates with you in
+passion, why you should abuse him, and explains to your ignorance wherein,
+and gives you very good reason at last to laugh at him hereafter. He is
+one still accusing others when they are not guilty, and defending himself
+when he is not accused: and no man is undone more with apologies, wherein
+he is so elaborately excessive, that none will believe him; and he is
+never thought worse of, than when he has given satisfaction. Such men can
+never have friends, because they cannot trust so far; and this humour hath
+this infection with it, it makes all men to them suspicious. In
+conclusion, they are men always in offence and vexation with themselves
+and their neighbours, wronging others in thinking they would wrong them,
+and themselves most of all in thinking they deserve it.
+
+
+END OF THE CHARACTERS.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+
+
+No. I.
+
+SOME ACCOUNT OF BISHOP EARLE[AX].
+
+
+All the biographical writers who have taken notice of JOHN EARLE agree in
+stating, that he was born in the city of York, although not one of them
+has given the exact date of his birth, or any intelligence relative to his
+family, or the rank in life of his parents. It is, however, most
+probable, that they were persons of respectability and fortune, as he was
+sent, at an early age, to Oxford, and entered as a commoner of
+Christ-church college[AY], where his conduct was so exemplary, his
+attention to his studies so marked, and his general deportment and manners
+so pleasing, that he became a successful candidate at Merton-college, and
+was admitted a probationary fellow on that foundation in 1620, being then,
+according to Wood[AZ], about nineteen years of age. He took the degree of
+Master of Arts, July 10, 1624, and in 1631 served the office of Proctor of
+the university, about which time he was also appointed chaplain to Philip
+Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of Oxford.
+
+During the earlier part of our author's life, he appears to have possessed
+considerable reputation as a poet, and to have been as remarkable for the
+pleasantry of his conversation, as for his learning, virtues, and piety.
+Wood[BA] tells us that "his younger years were adorned with oratory,
+poetry, and witty fancies, his elder with quaint preaching and subtile
+disputes." The only specimens of his poetry which can be recovered at this
+time, are three funeral tributes, which will be found in the Appendix, and
+of which two are now printed, I believe, for the first time.
+
+Soon after his appointment to be Lord Pembroke's chaplain, he was
+presented by that nobleman to the rectory of Bishopstone, in Wiltshire;
+nor was this the only advantage he reaped from the friendship of his
+patron, who being at that time Lord Chamberlain of the King's
+household[BB], was entitled to a lodging in the court for his chaplain, a
+circumstance which in all probability introduced Mr. Earle to the notice
+of the King, who promoted him to be chaplain and tutor to Prince Charles,
+when Dr. Duppa, who had previously discharged that important trust, was
+raised to the bishopric of Salisbury.
+
+In 1642 Earle took his degree of Doctor in Divinity, and in the year
+following was actually elected one of the Assembly of Divines appointed by
+the parliament to new model the church. This office, although it may be
+considered a proof of the high opinion even those of different sentiments
+from himself entertained of his character and merit, he refused to accept,
+when he saw that there was no probability of assisting the cause of
+religion, or of restraining the violence of a misguided faction, by an
+interference among those who were "declared and avowed enemies to the
+doctrine and discipline of the Church of England; some of them infamous in
+their lives and conversations, and most of them of very mean parts in
+learning, if not of scandalous ignorance[BC]."
+
+On the 10th of February, 1643, Dr. Earle was elected chancellor of the
+cathedral of Salisbury[BD], of which situation, as well as his living of
+Bishopstone, he was shortly after deprived by the ill success of the royal
+cause[BE].
+
+When the defeat of the King's forces at Worcester compelled Charles the
+Second to fly his country, Earle attached himself to the fallen fortunes
+of his sovereign, and was among the first of those who saluted him upon
+his arrival at Rouen in Normandy, where he was made clerk of the closet,
+and King's chaplain[BF]. Nor was his affection to the family of the
+Stuarts, and his devotion to their cause evinced by personal services
+only, as we find by a letter from Lord Clarendon to Dr. Barwick, that he
+assisted the King with money in his necessities[BG].
+
+During the time that Charles was in Scotland, Dr. Earle resided in
+Antwerp, with his friend Dr. Morley[BH], from whence he was called upon to
+attend the Duke of York (afterwards James II.) at Paris[BI], in order that
+he might heal some of the breaches which were then existing between
+certain members of the duke's household[BJ]; and here it is probable he
+remained till the recal of Charles the Second to the throne of England.
+
+Upon the Restoration, Dr. Earle received the reward of his constancy and
+loyalty, he was immediately promoted to the deanery of Westminster, a
+situation long designed for him by the King[BK]. In 1661 he was appointed
+one of the commissioners for a review of the Liturgy[BL], and on November
+30, 1662, was consecrated Bishop of Worcester, from which see he was
+translated, September 28, 1663, to the dignity of Salisbury[BM].
+
+Little more remains to be added.--Bishop Earle appears to have continued
+his residence with the royal family after the acquisition of his
+well-deserved honours; and when the court retired to Oxford, during the
+plague in 1665, he attended their majesties to the place of his early
+education, and died at his apartments in University College, on the 17th
+of November. He was buried on the 25th, near the high altar, in Merton
+College chapel; and was, according to Wood, "accompanied to his grave,
+from the public schools, by an herald at arms, and the principal persons
+of the court and university." His monument, which stands at the
+north-east corner of the chapel, is still in excellent preservation, and
+possesses the following inscription:--
+
+              "Amice, si quis hic sepultus est roges,
+    Ille, qui nec meruit, unquá--Nec quod majus est, habuit
+                            Inimicum;
+          Qui potuit in aulâ vivere, et mundum spernere
+              Concionator educatus inter principes,
+            Et ipse facile princeps inter concionatores,
+      Evangelista indefessus, Episcopus pientissimus;
+              Ille qui una cum sacratissimo Rege,
+    Cujus & juvenilium studiorum, et animæ Deo charæ
+      Curam a beatissimo Patre demandatam gessit,
+        Nobile ac Religiosum exilium est passus;
+      Ille qui Hookeri ingentis Politiam Ecclesiasticam,
+    Ille qui Caroli Martyris [Greek: EIKO'NA BASILIKÊ'N],
+          (Volumen quò post Apocalypsin divinius nullum)
+                    Legavit Orbi sic Latinè redditas,
+                    Ut uterque unius Fidei Defensor,
+                  Patriam adhuc retineat majestatem.
+            Si nomen ejus necdum tibi suboleat, Lector,
+                  Nomen ejus ut unguenta pretiosa:
+                  JOHANNES EARLE Eboracensis,
+            Serenissimo Carolo 2^{do} Regij Oratorij Clericus,
+              {aliquando Westmonasteriensi, Decanus,
+    Ecclesiæ {deinde Wigorniensis}
+              {tandem Sarisburiensis} Angelus.
+              {et nunc triumphantis}
+      Obiit Oxonij Novemb. 17^o. Anno {D[=o]ni: 1665^{to}.
+                                      {Ætatis suæ 65^{to}.
+        Voluitq. in hoc, ubi olim floruerat, Collegio,
+          Ex Æde Christi hue in Socium ascitus,
+          Ver magnum, ut reflorescat, expectare."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AX] The following brief memoir pretends to be nothing more than an
+enumeration of such particulars relative to the excellent prelate, whose
+_Characters_ are here offered to the public, as could be gathered from the
+historical and biographical productions of the period in which he
+flourished. It is hoped that no material occurrence has been overlooked,
+or circumstance mis-stated; but should any errors appear to have escaped
+his observation, the editor will feel obliged by the friendly intimation
+of such persons as may be possessed of more copious information than he
+has been able to obtain, in order that they may be acknowledged and
+corrected in another place.
+
+[AY] He took the degree of Bachelor of Arts whilst a member of this
+society, July 8, 1619, and appears to have been always attached to it. In
+1660 he gave twenty pounds towards repairing the cathedral and college.
+
+_Wood. Hist. et Antiq. Univ. Oxon._ lib. ii. p. 284.
+
+[AZ] _Athenæ Oxon._ ii. 365.
+
+[BA] _Athenæ Oxon._ ii. 365.
+
+[BB] Collins' _Peerage_, iii. 123.
+
+[BC] Clarendon. _History of the Rebellion_, ii. 827. Edit. _Oxford_, 1807.
+
+[BD] Walker. _Sufferings of the Clergy_, fol. 1714, part ii. page 63.
+
+[BE] During the early part of the civil wars, and whilst success was
+doubtful on either side, he appears to have lived in retirement, and to
+have employed himself in a translation of Hooker's _Ecclesiastical Polity_
+into Latin, which, however, was never made public. At the appearance of
+Charles the First's [Greek: Eikôn Basilikê], he was desired by the king
+(Ch. II.) to execute the same task upon that production, which he
+performed with great ability. It was printed for distribution on the
+continent in 1649.
+
+[BF] Wood. _Ath. Oxon._ ii. 365.
+
+[BG] _Life of Dr. John Barwick_, 8vo. Lond. 1724. p. 522.
+
+[BH] Dr. George Morley was chaplain to Charles the First, and canon of
+Christ Church, Oxford. At the Restoration he was made, first dean of
+Christ Church, then bishop of Worcester, and lastly bishop of Winchester,
+He died at Farnham-castle, October 29, 1684. See Wood. _Athen. Oxon._ ii.
+581.
+
+[BI] Wood. _Athenæ_, ii. 770.
+
+[BJ] Clarendon's _Rebellion_, iii. 659.
+
+[BK] _Life of Barwick_, 452.
+
+[BL] Kennet's _Register_, folio, 1728, page 504.
+
+[BM] Wood. _Athenæ_, ii. 366.
+
+
+
+
+No. II.
+
+CHARACTERS OF BISHOP EARLE.
+
+
+----"He was a person very notable for his elegance in the Greek and Latin
+tongues; and being fellow of Merton college in Oxford, and having been
+proctor of the university, and some very witty and sharp discourses being
+published in print without his consent, though known to be his, he grew
+suddenly into a very general esteem with all men; being a man of great
+piety and devotion; a most eloquent and powerful preacher; and of a
+conversation so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent, and so very
+facetious, that no man's company was more desired, and more loved. No man
+was more negligent in his dress, and habit, and mein; no man more wary and
+cultivated in his behaviour and discourse; insomuch as he had the greater
+advantage when he was known, by promising so little before he was known.
+He was an excellent poet both in Latin, Greek, and English, as appears by
+many pieces yet abroad; though he suppressed many more himself, especially
+of English, incomparably good, out of an austerity to those sallies of his
+youth. He was very dear to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much
+time as he could make his own; and as that lord would impute the speedy
+progress he made in the Greek tongue to the information and assistance he
+had from Mr. Earles, so Mr. Earles would frequently profess that he had
+got more useful learning by his conversation at Tew (the Lord Falkland's
+house,) than he had at Oxford. In the first settling of the prince his
+family, he was made one of his chaplains, and attended on him when he was
+forced to leave the kingdom. He was amongst the few excellent men who
+never had, nor ever could have, an enemy, but such a one who was an enemy
+to all learning and virtue, and therefore would never make himself known."
+
+LORD CLARENDON. _Account of his own Life_, folio, Oxford, 1759, p. 26.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"This is that Dr. Earle, who from his youth (I had almost said from
+his childhood,) for his natural and acquired abilities was so very eminent
+in the university of Oxon; and after was chosen to be one of the first
+chaplains to his Majesty (when Prince of Wales): who knew not how to
+desert his master, but with duty and loyalty (suitable to the rest of his
+many great virtues, both moral and intellectual,) faithfully attended his
+Majesty both at home and abroad, as chaplain, and clerk of his majesty's
+closet, and upon his majesty's happy return, was made Dean of Westminster,
+and now Lord Bishop of Worcester, (for which, December 7, he did homage to
+his Majesty,) having this high and rare felicity by his excellent and
+spotless conversation, to have lived so many years in the court of
+England, so near his Majesty, and yet not given the least offence to any
+man alive; though both in and out of pulpit he used all Christian freedom
+against the vanities of this age, being honoured and admired by all who
+have either known, heard, or read him."
+
+WHITE KENNETT (Bishop of Peterborough) _Register and Chronicle
+Ecclesiastical and Civil_, folio, London, 1728, page 834.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"Dr. Earle, now Lord Bishop of Salisbury, of whom I may justly say,
+(and let it not offend him, because it is such a truth as ought not to be
+concealed from posterity, or those that now live and yet know him not,)
+that, since Mr. Hooker died, none have lived whom God hath blessed with
+more innocent wisdom, more sanctified learning, or a more pious,
+peaceable, primitive temper: so that this excellent person seems to be
+only like himself, and our venerable Richard Hooker."
+
+WALTON. _Life of Mr. Richard Hooker_, 8vo. Oxford, 1805, i. 327.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"This Dr. Earles, lately Lord Bishop of Salisbury.--A person certainly
+of the sweetest, most obliging nature that lived in our age."
+
+HUGH CRESSEY. _Epistle Apologetical to a Person of Honour_ (Lord
+Clarendon), 8vo. 1674, page 46.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"Dr. Earle, Bishop of Salisbury, was a man that could do good against
+evil; forgive much, and of a charitable heart."
+
+PIERCE. _Conformist's Plea for Nonconformity_, 4to. 1681, page 174.
+
+
+
+
+No. III.
+
+LIST OF DR. EARLE'S WORKS.
+
+
+1. _Microcosmography, or a Piece of the World discovered, in Essays and
+Characters. London._ 1628. &c. &c. 12mo.
+
+2. _Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity_, translated into Latin. This, says
+Wood, "is in MS. and not yet printed." In whose possession the MS. was
+does not appear, nor have I been able to trace it in the catalogue of any
+public or private collection.
+
+3. _Hortus Mertonensis_, a Latin Poem, of which Wood gives the first line
+"Hortus deliciæ domus politæ." It is now supposed to be lost.
+
+4. _Lines on the Death of Sir John Burroughs_; now printed for the first
+time. See Appendix, No. IV.
+
+5. _Lines on the Death of the Earl of Pembroke_; now printed for the first
+time. See Appendix, No. V.
+
+6. _Elegy upon Francis Beaumont_; first printed at the end of _Beaumont's
+Poems, London_, 1640. 4to. See Appendix, No. VI.
+
+7. [Greek: Eikôn Basilikê], _vel Imago Regis Caroli_, _In illis suis
+Ærumnis et Solitudine. Hagæ-Comitis._ Typis S. B. &c. 1649. 12mo. See
+Appendix, No. VII.[BN]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BN] Besides the pieces above noticed, several smaller poems were
+undoubtedly in circulation during Earle's life, the titles of which are
+not preserved. Wood supposes (_Ath. Oxon._) our author to have contributed
+to "_some of the Figures, of which about ten were published_" but is
+ignorant of the exact numbers to be attributed to his pen. In the
+Bodleian[BO] is "_The Figvre of Fovre: Wherein are sweet flowers, gathered
+out of that fruitfull ground, that I hope will yeeld pleasure and profit
+to all sorts of people. The second Part, London, Printed for Iohn Wright,
+and are to bee sold at his shop without Newgate, at the signe of the
+Bible, 1636._" This, however, was undoubtedly one of Breton's productions,
+as his initials are affixed to the preface. It is in 12mo. and consists of
+twenty pages, not numbered. The following extracts will be sufficient to
+shew the nature of the volume.
+
+"There are foure persons not to be believed: a horse-courser when he
+sweares, a whore when shee weepes, a lawyer when he pleads false, and a
+traveller when he tels wonders.
+
+"There are foure great cyphers in the world: hee that is lame among
+dancers, dumbe among lawyers, dull among schollers and rude amongst
+courtiers
+
+"Foure things grievously empty: a head without braines, a wit without
+judgment, a heart without honesty, and a purse without money."
+
+Ant. Wood possessed the _figure of six_, which, however, is now not to be
+found among his books left to the university of Oxford, and deposited in
+Ashmole's museum. That it once was there, is evident from the MS.
+catalogue of that curious collection.
+
+[BO] 8vo. L. 78. Art.
+
+
+
+
+No. IV.
+
+LINES ON SIR JOHN BURROUGHS,
+
+KILLED BY A BULLET AT REEZ[BP].
+
+[_From a MS. in the Bodleian_.]--(_Rawl. Poet_. 142.)
+
+
+    Why did we thus expose thee? what's now all
+    That island to requite thy funeral?
+    Though thousand French in murder'd heaps do lie,
+    It may revenge, it cannot satisfy:
+    We must bewail our conquest when we see
+    Our price too dear to buy a victory.
+    He whose brave fire gave heat to all the rest,
+    That dealt his spirit in t' each English breast,
+    From whose divided virtues you may take
+    So many captains out, and fully make
+    Them each accomplish'd with those parts, the which,
+    Jointly, did his well-furnish'd soul enrich.
+    Not rashly valiant, nor yet fearful wise,
+    His flame had counsel, and his fury, eyes.
+    Not struck in courage at the drum's proud beat,
+    Or made fierce only by the trumpet's heat--
+    When e'en pale hearts above their pitch do fly,
+    And, for a while do mad it valiantly.
+    His rage was tempered well, no fear could daunt
+    His reason, his cold blood was valiant.
+    Alas! these vulgar praises injure thee;
+    Which now a poet would as plenteously
+    Give some brag-soldier, one that knew no more
+    Than the fine scabbard and the scarf he wore.
+    Fathers shall tell their children [this] was he,
+    (And they hereafter to posterity,)
+    Rank'd with those forces scourged France of old,
+    Burrough's and Talbot's[BQ] names together told.
+
+J. EARLES.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BP] For an account of the unsuccessful expedition to the Isle of Ré,
+under the command of the Duke of Buckingham, see Carte's _History of
+England_, vol. iv. page 176, folio, _Lond_. 1755. Sir John Burroughs, a
+general of considerable renown, who possessed the chief confidence of the
+Duke, fell in an endeavour to reconnoitre the works of the enemy, Aug.
+1627.
+
+[BQ] Sir John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury, of whom see Collins'
+_Peerage_, iii. 9. Holinshed, Rapin, Carte, &c.
+
+
+
+
+No. V.
+
+ON THE DEATH OF THE EARL OF PEMBROKE[BR].
+
+[_From the same MS._]
+
+
+    Come, Pembroke lives! Oh! do not fright our ears
+    With the destroying truth! first raise our fears
+    And say he is not well: that will suffice
+    To force a river from the public eyes,
+    Or, if he must be dead, oh! let the news
+    Speak in astonish'd whispers: let it use
+    Some phrase without a voice, and be so told,
+    As if the labouring sense griev'd to unfold
+    Its doubtfull woe. Could not the public zeal
+    Conquer the Fates, and save your's? Did the dart
+    Of death, without a preface, pierce your heart?
+    Welcome, sad weeds--but he that mourns for thee,
+    Must bring an eye that can weep elegy.
+    A look that would save blacks: whose heavy grace
+    Chides mirth, and bears a funeral in his face.
+    Whose sighs are with such feeling sorrows blown,
+    That all the air he draws returns a groan.
+    Thou needst no gilded tomb--thy memory,
+    Is marble to itself--the bravery
+    Of jem or rich enamel is mis-spent--
+    Thy noble corpse is its own monument!
+
+Mr. EARLES, Merton.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BR] William, third Earl of Pembroke, son of Henry, Earl of Pembroke, and
+Mary, sister to Sir Philip Sidney, was the elder brother of Earle's
+patron, and Chancellor of Oxford. He died at Baynard's castle, April 10,
+1630.
+
+
+
+
+No. VI.
+
+ON MR. BEAUMONT.
+
+WRITTEN THIRTY YEARS SINCE, PRESENTLY AFTER HIS DEATH.
+
+[_From "Comedies and Tragedies written by Francis Beaumont and John
+Fletcher, Gentlemen" folio. London. 1647._]
+
+    Beaumont lies here: And where now shall we have
+    A muse like his to sigh upon his grave?
+    Ah! none to weep this with a worthy tear,
+    But he that cannot, _Beaumont_ that lies here.
+    Who now shall pay thy tomb with such a verse
+    As thou that lady's didst, fair _Rutland's_ herse.
+    A monument that will then lasting be,
+    When all her marble is more dust than she.
+    In thee all's lost: a sudden dearth and want
+    Hath seiz'd on wit, good epitaphs are scant.
+    We dare not write thy elegy, whilst each fears
+    He ne'er shall match that copy of thy tears.
+    Scarce in an age a poet, and yet he
+    Scarce live the third part of his age to see,
+    But quickly taken off and only known,
+    Is in a minute shut as soon as shown.
+    Why should weak Nature tire herself in vain
+    In such a piece, to dash it straight again?
+    Why should she take such work beyond her skill,
+    Which, when she cannot perfect, she must kill?
+    Alas! what is't to temper slime and mire?
+    But Nature's puzzled when she works in fire.
+    Great brains (like brightest glass) crack straight, while those
+    Of stone or wood hold out, and fear not blows;
+    And we their ancient hoary heads can see
+    Whose wit was never their mortality.
+    _Beaumont_ dies young, so _Sidney_ did before,
+    There was not poetry he could live to more,
+    He could not grow up higher, I scarce know
+    If th' art itself unto that pitch could grow,
+    Were't not in thee that hadst arriv'd the height
+    Of all that wit could reach, or nature might.
+    O when I read those excellent things of thine,
+    Such strength, such sweetness couched in ev'ry line,
+    Such life of fancy, such high choice of brain,
+    Nought of the vulgar wit or borrow'd strain,
+    Such passion, such expressions meet my eye,
+    Such wit untainted with obscenity,
+    And these so unaffectedly exprest,
+    All in a language purely flowing drest,
+    And all so born within thyself, thine own,
+    So new, so fresh, so nothing trod upon:
+    I grieve not now that old _Menander's_ vein
+    Is ruin'd to survive in thee again;
+    Such, in his time, was he of the same piece,
+    The smooth, even, nat'ral wit and love of Greece.
+    Those few sententious fragments shew more worth,
+    Than all the poets Athens e'er brought forth;
+    And I am sorry we have lost those hours
+    On them, whose quickness comes far short of ours,
+    And dwell not more on thee, whose ev'ry page
+    May be a pattern for their scene and stage.
+    I will not yield thy works so mean a praise;
+    More pure, more chaste, more sainted than are plays:
+    Nor with that dull supineness to be read,
+    To pass a fire, or laugh an hour in bed.
+    How do the Muses suffer every where,
+    Taken in such mouth's censure, in such ears,
+    That 'twixt a whiff, a line or two rehearse,
+    And with their rheume together spaul a verse?
+    This all a poem's leisure after play,
+    Drink, or tobacco, it may keep the day:
+    Whilst ev'n their very idleness they think
+    Is lost in these, that lose their time in drink.
+    Pity then dull we, we that better know,
+    Will a more serious hour on thee bestow.
+    Why should not _Beaumont_ in the morning please,
+    As well as _Plautus_, _Aristophanes_?
+    Who, if my pen may as my thoughts be free,
+    Were scurril wits and buffoons both to thee;
+    Yet these our learned of severest brow
+    Will deign to look on, and to note them too,
+    That will defy our own, 'tis English stuff,
+    And th' author is not rotten long enough,
+    Alas! what phlegm are they compar'd to thee,
+    In thy _Philaster_, and _Maid's-Tragedy_?
+    Where's such a humour as thy _Bessus_? pray
+    Let them put all their _Thrasoes_ in one play,
+    He shall out-bid them; their conceit was poor,
+    All in a circle of a bawd or whore;
+    A coz'ning dance; take the fool away
+    And not a good jest extant in a play.
+    Yet these are wits, because they'r old, and now
+    Being Greek and Latin, they are learning too:
+    But those their own times were content t'allow
+    A thirsty fame, and thine is lowest now.
+    But thou shalt live, and, when thy name is grown
+    Six ages older, shall be better known,
+    When th' art of _Chaucer's_ standing in the tomb,
+    Thou shalt not share, but take up all his room.
+
+JOHN EARLE.
+
+
+
+
+No. VII.
+
+DEDICATION TO THE LATIN TRANSLATION
+
+OF THE
+
+[Greek: Eikôn Basilikê].
+
+
+"Serenissimo et Potentissimo Monarchæ, Carolo Secundo. Dei Gratia Magnæ
+Britanniæ, Franciæ et Hiberniæ Regi, Fidei Defensori, &c.
+
+Serenissime Rex,
+
+Prodeat jam sub tuis auspiciis illa patris tui gloriosissimi imago, illa
+quâ magis ad Dei similitudinem, quàm quà Rex aut homo accedit. Prodeat
+vero eo colore peregrino, quo facta omnibus conspectior fiat publica. Ita
+enim tu voluisti, ut sic lingua omnium communi orbi traderem, in qua
+utinam feliciorem tibi operam navare licuisset, ut illam nativam
+elegantiam, illam vim verborum et lumina, illam admirabilem sermonis
+structuram exprimerem. Quod cum fieri (fortasse nec a peritissimis) à me
+certè non possit, præstat interim ut cum aliqua venustatis injuria magnam
+partem Europæ alloquatur, quam intra paucos suæ gentis clausa apud cæteros
+omnes conticescat. Sunt enim hic velut quædam Dei magnalia quæ spargi
+expedit humano generi, et in omnium linguis exaudiri: id pro mea facultate
+curavi, ut si non sensa tanti authoris ornatè, at perspicuè et fidè
+traderem, imo nec ab ipsa dictione et phrasi (quantum Latini idiomatis
+ratio permittit) vel minimum recederem. Sacri enim codicis religiosum esse
+decet interpretem: et certe proxime ab illo sacro et adorando codice, (qui
+in has comparationes non cadit,) spera non me audacem futurum, si dixero
+nullum inter cæteros mortalium, vel autore vel argumento illustriorem, vel
+in quo viva magis pietas et eximie Christiana spiratur.
+
+Habet vero sanctitas regia nescio quid ex fortunæ suæ majestate sublimius
+quiddain et augustius, et quæ imperium magis obtinet in mentes hominum, et
+reverentia majore accipitur: quare et his maxime instrumentis usus est
+Deus, qui illam partem sacræ paginæ ad solennem Dei cultum pertinentem,
+psalmos scilicet, et hymnos: cæteraque ejusmodi perpetuis ecclesiæ usibus
+inservitura, transmitterent hominibus, et auctoritatem quandam
+conciliarent. Quid quod libentius etiam arripiunt homines sic objectam et
+traditam pietatem. Quod et libro huic evenit, et erit magis eventurum, quo
+jam multo diffusior plures sui capaces invenerit.
+
+Magnum erat profecto sic meditari, sic scribere; multo majus sic vivere,
+sic mori: ut sit hæc pene nimia dictu pietas exemplo illius superata. Scit
+hæc illa orbis pars miserrima jam et contaminatissima. Utinam hanc
+maturius intellexissent virtutem, quam jam sero laudant, et admirantur
+amissam, nec illâ opus fuisset dirâ fornace, quâ tam eximia regis pietas
+exploraretur, ex qua nos tantum miseri facti sumus, ille omnium
+felicissimus; cujus illa pars vitæ novissima et ærumnosissima et supremus
+dies, (in quo hominibus, et angelis spectaculum factus stetit animo
+excelso et interrito, summum fidei, constantiæ, patientiæ exemplar,
+superior malis suis, et totâ simul conjestâ inferni malitiâ) omnes omnium
+triumphos et quicquid est humanæ gloriæ, susuperavit. Nihil egistis O
+quot estis, hominum! (sed nolo libro sanctissimo quicquam tetrius præfari,
+nec qaos ille inter preces nominat, maledicere) nihil, inquam, egistis hoc
+parricidio, nisi quod famam illius et immortalitatem cum æterno vestro
+probro et scelere conjunxistis. Nemo unquam ab orbe condito tot veris
+omnium lacrymis, tot sinceris laudibus celebratus est. Nulli unquam
+principum in secundis agenti illos fictos plausus vel metus dedit, vel
+adulatio vendidit, quàm hic verissimos expressere fuga, carcer, theatrum
+et illa omnium funestissima securis, qua obstupe, fecit hostes moriens et
+cæsus triumphavit.
+
+Tu interim (Rex augustissime) vera et viva patris effigies, (cujus inter
+summas erat felicitates humanas, et in adversis solatium te genuisse, in
+quo superstite mori non potest) inflammeris maxime hoc mortis illius
+exemplo, non tam in vindictæ cupidinem, (in quem alii te extimulent, non
+ego) quam in heroicæ virtutis, et constantiæ zelum: hanc vero primum adeas
+quam nulla vis tibi invito eripiet, hæreditariam pietatem; et quo es in
+tuos omnes affectu maxime philostorgo, hunc librum eodem tecum genitore
+satum amplectere; dic sapientiæ, soror mea es, et prudentiam affinem voca;
+hanc tu consule, hanc frequens meditare, hanc imbibe penitus, et in animam
+tuam transfunde. Vides in te omnium conjectos oculos, in te omnium bonorum
+spes sitas, ex te omnium vitas pendere, quas jamdiu multi tædio
+projecissent, nisi ut essent quas tibi impenderent. Magnum onus incumbit,
+magna urget procella, magna expectatio, major omnium, quam quæ unquam
+superius, virtutum necessitas: an sit regnum amplius in Britannia futurum,
+an religio, an homines, an Deus, ex tua virtute, tua fortuna dependet:
+immo, sola potius ex Deo fortuna; cujus opem quo magis hic necessariam
+agnoscis, præsentaneam requiris, eo magis magisque, (quod jam facis) omni
+pietatis officio promerearis: et illa quæ in te largè sparsit bonitatis,
+prudentiæ, temperantiæ, justitiæ, et omnis regiæ virtutis semina foveas,
+augeas, et in fructum matures, ut tibi Deus placatus et propitius, quod
+detraxit patri tuo felicitatis humanæ, tibi adjiciat, et omnes illius
+ærumnas conduplicatis in te beneficiis compenset, et appelleris ille
+restaurator, quem te unicé optant omnes et sperant futurum, et
+ardentissimis precibus expetit.
+
+Majestatis tuæ humillimus devotissimusque subditus et sacellanus,
+
+JO. EARLES.
+
+
+
+
+No. VIII.
+
+INSCRIPTION ON DR. PETER HEYLIN'S[BS] MONUMENT IN WESTMINSTER-ABBEY.
+
+[_Written by Dr. Earle, then Dean of Westminster._]
+
+    Depositum Mortale
+    Petri Heylyn, S. Th. D.
+    Hujus Ecclesiæ Prebendarii et Subdecani,
+    Viri plane memorabilis,
+    Egregiis dotibus instructissimi,
+    Ingenio acri et foecundo,
+    Judicio subacto,
+    Memoria ad prodigium tenaci,
+    Cui adjunxit incredibilem in studiis patientiam
+    Quæ cessantibus oculis non cessarunt.
+    Scripsit varia et plurima,
+    Quæ jam manibus hominum teruntur;
+    Et argumentis non vulgaribus
+    Stylo non vulgari suffecit.
+    Et Majestatis Regiæ assertor
+    Nec florentis magis utriusque
+    Quàm afflictæ,
+    Idemque perduellium et scismaticæ factionis
+    Impugnator acerrimus.
+    Contemptor invidiæ
+    Et animo infracto
+    Plura ejusmodi meditanti
+    Mors indixit silentium:
+    Ut sileatur
+    Efficere non potest.
+    Obiit Anno Ætatis 63, et 8 die Maii, A. D. 1662.
+    Possuit hoc illi mæstissima conjux.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BS] Peter Heylin was born at Burford, in Oxfordshire, Nov. 29, 1599 and
+received the rudiments of his education at the free school in that place,
+from whence he removed to Harthall, and afterwards obtained a fellowship
+at Magdalen College, Oxford. By the interposition of Bishop Laud, to whom
+he was recommended by Lord Danvers, he was presented first to the rectory
+of Hemingford, in Huntingdonshire, then to a prebend of Westminster, and
+lastly to the rectory of Houghton in the Spring, in the diocese of Durham,
+which latter he exchanged for Alresford, in Hampshire. In 1633 he
+proceeded D. D. and in 1638, became rector of South Warnborough,
+Hampshire, by exchange with Mr. Atkinson, of St. John's College, for
+Islip, in Oxfordshire. In 1640 he was chosen clerk of the convocation for
+Westminster, and in 1642 followed the king to Oxford. After the death of
+Charles, he lost all his property, and removing with his family from place
+to place, subsisted by the exercise of his pen till the Restoration, when
+he regained his livings, and was made sub-dean of Westminster. His
+constancy and exertions were supposed by many to merit a higher reward,
+from a government, in whose defence he had sacrificed every prospect; but
+the warmth of his temper, and his violence in dispute, were such as
+rendered his promotion to a higher dignity in the church impolitic in the
+opinion of the ministers. He died May 8, 1662, and was interred in
+Westminster-abbey, under his own stall. A list of his numerous
+publications, as well as a character of him, may be found in Wood's
+_Athenæ Oxonienses_, ii. 275.
+
+
+
+
+No. IX.
+
+CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN DR. EARLE AND MR. BAXTER.
+
+[_See Kennet's Register, folio, Lond. 1723, page 713._]
+
+                   MR. BAXTER TO DR. EARLE.
+
+    "REVEREND SIR,
+
+    "By the great favour of my lord chancellor's
+    reprehension, I came to understand how long a time I
+    have suffered in my reputation with my superiors by your
+    misunderstanding me, and misinforming others; as if when
+    I was to preach before the king, I had scornfully
+    refused the tippet as a toy; when, as the Searcher and
+    Judge of Hearts doth know, that I had no such thought or
+    word. I was so ignorant in those matters as to think
+    that a tippet had been a proper ensign of a doctor of
+    divinity, and I verily thought that you offered it me as
+    such: and I had so much pride as to be somewhat ashamed
+    when you offered it me, that I must tell you my want of
+    such degrees; and therefore gave you no answer to your
+    first offer, but to your second was forced to say, "It
+    belongeth not to me, Sir." And I said not to you any
+    more; nor had any other thought in my heart than with
+    some shame to tell you that I had no degrees, imagining
+    I should have offended others, and made myself the
+    laughter or scorn of many, if I should have used that
+    which did not belong to me. For I must profess that I
+    had no more scruple to wear a tippet than a gown, or any
+    comely garment. Sir, though this be one of the smallest
+    of all the mistakes which of late have turned to my
+    wrong, and I must confess that my ignorance gave you the
+    occasion, and I am far from imputing it to any ill will
+    in you, having frequently heard, that in charity, and
+    gentleness, and peaceableness of mind you are very
+    eminent; yet because I must not contemn my estimation
+    with my superiors, I humbly crave that favour and
+    justice of you, (which I am confident you will readily
+    grant me,) as to acquaint those with the truth of this
+    business, whom, upon mistake, you have misinformed,
+    whereby in relieving the innocence of your brother, you
+    will do a work of charity and justice, and therefore not
+    displeasing unto God, and will much oblige,
+
+                           Sir,
+                               Your humble servant,
+                                              RICHARD BAXTER.
+  _June 20, 1662._
+
+    _P. S._ I have the more need of your justice in this
+    case, because my distance denieth me access to those
+    that have received these misreports, and because any
+    public vindication of myself, whatever is said of me, is
+    taken as an unsufferable crime, and therefore I am
+    utterly incapable of vindicating my innocency, or
+    remedying their mistakes.
+
+    "To the reverend and much honoured Dr. Earles,
+     Dean of Westminster, &c. These."
+
+
+
+DR EARLE, IN REPLY.
+
+                               _Hampton-Court, June 23._
+
+    "SIR,
+
+    [Sidenote: O that they were all such.--_Note by Mr.
+    Baxter._]
+
+    "I received your letter, which I would have answered
+    sooner, if the messenger that brought it had returned. I
+    must confess I was a little surprized with the beginning
+    of it, as I was with your name; but when I read further
+    I ceased to be so. Sir, I should be heartily sorry and
+    ashamed to be guilty of any thing like malignity or
+    uncharitableness, especially to one of your condition,
+    with whom, though I concur not perhaps in point of
+    judgment in some particulars, yet I cannot but esteem
+    for your personal worth and abilities; and, indeed, your
+    expressions in your letter are so civil and ingenuous,
+    that I am obliged thereby the more to give you all the
+    satisfaction I can.
+
+    [Sidenote: These words I heard not, being in the passage
+    from him.--_Note by Mr. Baxter._]
+
+    As I remember, then, when you came to me to the closet,
+    and I told you I would furnish you with a tippet, you
+    answered me something to that purpose as you write, but
+    whether the same numerical words, or but once, I cannot
+    possibly say from my own memory, and therefore I believe
+    yours. Only this I am sure of, that I said to you at my
+    second speaking, that some others of your persuasion had
+    not scrupled at it, which might suppose (if you had not
+    affirmed the contrary), that you had made me a formal
+    refusal; of which giving me then no other reason than
+    that "it belonged not to you," I concluded that you were
+    more scrupulous than others were. And, perhaps, the
+    manner of your refusing it (as it appeared to me) might
+    make me think you were not very well pleased with the
+    motion. And this it is likely I might say, either to my
+    lord chancellor or others; though seriously I do not
+    remember that I spake to my lord chancellor at all
+    concerning it. But, sir, since you give me now that
+    modest reason for it, (which, by the way, is no just
+    reason in itself, for a tippet may be worn without a
+    degree, though a hood cannot; and it is no shame at all
+    to want these formalities for him that wanteth not the
+    substance,) but, sir, I say, since you give that reason
+    for your refusal, I believe you, and shall correct that
+    mistake in myself, and endeavour to rectify it in
+    others, if any, upon this occasion, have misunderstood
+    you. In the mean time I shall desire your charitable
+    opinion of myself, which I shall be willing to deserve
+    upon any opportunity that is offered me to do you
+    service, being, sir,
+
+                Your very humble servant,
+
+                                              JO. EARLES."
+
+    "To my honoured friend, Mr. Richard Baxter, These."
+
+
+
+
+No. X.
+
+MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTION
+
+IN STREGLETHORP CHURCH, NEAR NEWARK-UPON-TRENT, IN LINCOLNSHIRE.
+
+[From Le Neve's _Monumenta Anglicana_[BT]. 8vo. Lond. 1718. vol. iii. p.
+182.]
+
+    Stay, reader, and observe Death's partial doom,
+    A spreading virtue in a narrow tombe;
+    A generous mind, mingled with common dust,
+    Like burnish'd steel, cover'd, and left to rust.
+    Dark in the earth he lyes, in whom did shine
+    All the divided merits of his line.
+    The lustre of his name seems faded here,
+    No fairer star in all that fruitful sphere.
+    In piety and parts extreamly bright,
+    Clear was his youth, and fill'd with growing light,
+    A morn that promis'd much, yet saw no noon;
+    None ever rose so fast, and set so soon.
+    All lines of worth were centered here in one,
+    Yet see, he lies in shades whose life had none.
+    But while the mother this sad structure rears,}
+    A double dissolution there appears--}
+    He into dust dissolves, she into tears.}
+
+  RICHARDUS EARLE[BU], Barn^{tus}.
+  Obijt decimo tertio die
+  Aug^{ti} Anno Dom. 1697.
+  Ætatis suæ 24.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BT] Two other epitaphs appear in this collection, on the Earles of
+Norfolk, with whom I cannot find our author to have had the least
+connection. A full account of this family may be seen in Blomefield's
+_History of Norfolk_, vol. iii. p. 531.
+
+[BU] The title was created by Charles the First, July 2, 1629, and, I
+believe, became extinct at the decease of this person.
+
+
+
+
+No. XI.
+
+  CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF BOOKS OF
+  CHARACTERS.
+
+
+
+
+No. i.
+
+  _A Caueat
+  for commen Cvr
+  setors vulgarely called
+  Uagabones, set forth by Thomas Harman.
+  Esquier. for the vtiliteand proffyt of hys
+  naturall Countrey. Newly agmented
+  and Jmprinted Anno Domini._
+  M.D.LXUjj.
+
+  ¶ _Vewed, examined, and allowed, according vnto the
+  Queenes Maiestyes Iniunctions_
+
+  [Roughly-executed wood-cut, of two persons receiving punishment
+  at the cart's tail from the hands of a beadle.]
+
+  _Imprinted
+  at London in Fletestret at the signe of the
+  Faulcon by Wylliam Gryffith, and are to be
+  solde at his shoppe in Saynt Dunstones
+  Churche yarde in the West._
+
+[4to. black letter, containing thirty folios, very incorrectly numbered.]
+
+I commence my list of _Characters_, with a volume, which, although earlier
+than the period I originally intended to begin from, is of sufficient
+curiosity and interest to warrant introduction, and, I trust, to obtain
+pardon from the reader for the additional trouble I am thus preparing for
+him.
+
+Mr. Warton, in his _History of English Poetry_, (iv. 74.) has given, with
+some trifling errors, a transcript of the title, and says he has a faint
+remembrance of a Collection of Epigrams, by the author, printed about
+1599: these I have never been fortunate enough to meet with, nor do they
+appear in the collections of Ames or Herbert, neither of whom had seen a
+copy of the present work, although they mention Griffith's licence to
+print it as dated in 1566[BV].
+
+It is dedicated to Elizabeth, countess of Shrewsbury; Mr. Warton thinks
+"with singular impropriety," although the motive appears at least to
+justify the measure, if it does not entitle the author to commendation. He
+addresses this noble lady as a person of extreme benevolence, and "as also
+aboundantly powrynge out dayly [her] ardent and bountifull charytie vppon
+all such as commeth for reliefe."--"I thought it good," he continues,
+"necessary, and my bounden dutye, to acquaynte your goodnes with the
+abhominable, wycked, and detestable behauor of all these rowsey, ragged
+rabblement of rake helles, that vnder the pretence of great misery,
+dyseases, and other innumerable calamites whiche they fayne through great
+hipocrisye, do wyn and gayne great almes in all places where they wyly
+wander."--On this account, therefore, and to preserve the kindness and
+liberality of the countess from imposition, Harman dedicates his book to
+that lady.
+
+The notorious characters mentioned, are a "ruffler[BW]; a upright man[BX];
+a hoker or angglear[BY]; a roge[BZ]; a wylde roge[CA]; a prygger of
+prauncers; a pallyarde[CB]; a frater[CC]; a Abraham man[CD]; a fresh water
+mariner, or whipiacke; a counterfet cranke[CE]; a dommerar[CF]; a dronken
+tinckar[CG]; a swadder or pedler; a jarke man, and a patrico[CH]; a
+demaunder for glymmar[CI]; a bawdy basket[CJ]; a antem morte[CK]; a
+walking morte; a doxe; a dell; a kynchin morte; and a kynchen co."
+
+From such a list, several instances of the tricks, as well as specimens of
+the language of the thieves of the day, might with ease be extracted, did
+not the limits of my little volume compel me to refrain from entering at
+large into this history of rogues; a restriction I the more regret, from
+its containing several passages illustrating the manners of that period,
+and which would be found of material use towards explaining many of the
+allusions met with in our early English dramas and now but imperfectly
+understood.
+
+
+"¶ Prygger of Prauncers. (Sign. C. iii. b.)
+
+"A prigger of Prauncers be horse stealers, for to prigge signifieth in
+their language to steale, and a prauncer is a horse, so beinge put
+together, the matter is plaine. These go commonly in jerkins of leather or
+of white frese, & carry little wandes in their hands, and will walke
+through grounds and pasturs, to search and se horses mete for their
+purpose. And if thei chaunce to be met and asked by the owners of the
+grounde what they make there, they fayne straighte that they have loste
+theyr waye, and desyre to be enstructed the beste way to suche a place.
+These will also repayre to gentlemens houses, and aske theyr charitye, and
+will offer theyr seruice. And if you aske them what they can doe, they wil
+saye that they can kepe two or three geldinges, and waite vppon a
+gentleman. These haue also theyr women that, walkinge from them in other
+places, marke where and what they see abrode, and sheweth these priggars
+therof, when they meete, whych is wythin a weeke or two. And loke, where
+they steale any thynge, they conuey the same at the leaste three score
+miles of, or more. There was a gentleman, a verye friende of myne, rydynge
+from London homewarde into Kente, hauinge within three myles of his house
+busynesse, alyghted of his horse, and hys man also, in a pretye village,
+where diuers houses were, and looked about hym where he myghte haue a
+conuenyent person to walke his horse, because he would speak we a farmer
+that dwelte on the backe side of the sayde village, little aboue a quarter
+of a myle from the place where he lighted, and had his man to waight vpon
+hym, as it was mete for his callynge: espieng a priggar there standing,
+thinkinge the same to dwel there, charging this prity prigginge person to
+walke his horse well, and that they might not stande still for takynge of
+colde, and at his returne (which he saide should not be longe,) he would
+geue him a peny to drinke, and so wente about his busines. Thys peltynge
+priggar, proude of his praye, walketh hys horses vp and downe, till he
+sawe the gentleman out of sighte, and leapes him into the saddell, and
+awaye be goeth a mayne. This gentleman returning, and findyng not his
+horses, sente his man to the one ende of the village, & he went himselfe
+vnto the other ende, and enquired as he went for hys horses that were
+walked, and began somewhat to suspecte, because neither he nor his man
+coulde neyther see nor fynde him. Then this gentleman diligently enquired
+of three or foure towne dwellers there whether any such person, declaring
+his stature, age, apparel, and so manye linamentes of his body as he
+coulde call to remembraunce. And _vna voce_, all sayde that no such man
+dwelte in their streate, neither in the parish that they knewe of, but
+some did wel remember that suche a one they sawe there lyrkinge and
+huggeringe[CL] two houres before the gentleman came thether and a
+straunger to them. J had thought, quoth this gentleman, he had here
+dwelled, and marched home mannerly in his botes: farre from the place he
+dwelt not. J suppose at his comming home he sente such wayes as he
+suspected or thought mete to search for this prigger, but hetherto he
+neuer harde any tidinges againe of his palfreys. J had the best gelding
+stolen out of my pasture that J had amogst others, while this boke was
+first a printing."
+
+At the end of the several characters, the author gives a list of the names
+of the most notorious thieves of his day, a collection of the cant phrases
+used by them, with their significations; and a dialogue between an
+_uprighte man_ and a _roge_, which I shall transcribe:--
+
+    "The vpright Cose canteth to the Roger.
+    _The vprighte man spaketh to the roge._
+
+_Man._  Bene lyghtmans to thy quarromes in what lipk[=e] hast thou lipped
+        in this darkemanes; whether in a lybbege or in the strummell?
+
+        _God morrowe to thy bodye, in what house hast thou lyne in all
+        night whether in a bed, or in the strawe?_
+
+_Roge._ J couched a hogeshed in a skypper this darkemans.
+
+        _I laye me down to sleepe in a barne this night._
+
+_Man._ J towre ye strummell tryne vpon thy nabcher & togman.
+
+        _I see the straw hange upon thy cap and coate._
+
+_Roge._ J saye by the Salomon J wyll lage it of with a gage of bene bouse
+        then cut to my nose watch.
+
+        _J sweare by the masse J wyll wash it of with a quart of drinke,
+        then saye to me what thou wilt._
+
+_Man._  Why, hast thou any lowre in thy bouge to bouse?
+
+       _Why, hast thou any money in thy purse to drinke?_
+
+_Roge._ But a flagge, a wyn, and a make.
+
+        _But a grot, a penny, and a halfe-penny._
+
+_Man._  Why where is the kene that hath the bene bouse?
+
+        _Where is the house that hath the good drinke?_
+
+_Roge._ A bene mort hereby at the signe of the prauncer.
+
+        _A good wyfe here by at the signe of the hors._
+
+_Man._  J cutt it is quyer bouse J bousd a flagge the laste darkemans.
+
+        _J saye it is small and naughtye drynke, J dranke a groate there
+        the last night._
+
+_Roge._ But bouse there a bord, and thou shalt haue beneship.
+
+	_But drinke there a shyllinge, and thou shalt haue very good._
+
+        Tower ye, yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund that is
+        beneshype.
+
+        _Se you, yonder is the house, open the doore, and aske for the
+        best._
+
+_Man._  This bouse is as benshyp as rome bouse.
+
+        _This drinke is as good as wyne._
+
+        Now J tower that bene bouse makes nase nabes.
+
+        _Now J se that good drynke makes a dronken heade._
+
+        Maunde of this morte what bene pecke is in her ken.
+
+        _Aske of this wyfe what good meate shee hath in her house._
+
+_Roge._ She hath a cacling chete, a grunting chete, ruff pecke, cassan,
+        and popplarr of yarum.
+
+        _She hath a hen, a pyg, baken, chese and mylke porrage._
+
+_Man._  That is beneshyp to oure watche.
+
+        _That is very good for vs._
+
+        Now we haue well bousd, let vs strike some chete.
+
+        _Nowe we haue well dronke, let vs steale some thinge._
+
+        Yonder dwelleth a quyere cuffen it were beneshype to myll hym.
+
+        _Yonder dwelleth a hoggeshe and choyrlyshe man it weare very well
+        donne to robbe him._
+
+_Roge._ Nowe, bynge we a waste to the hygh pad, the ruff-manes is by.
+
+        _Naye, let vs go hence to the hygh waye, the wodes is at hande._
+
+_Man._  So may we happen on the harmanes and cly the jarke, or to the
+        quyer ken and skower quyaer cramprings and so to tryning on the
+        chates.
+
+        _So we maye chaunce to set in the stockes, eyther be whypped,
+        eyther had to prison-house, and there be shackeled with bolttes and
+        fetters, and then to hange on the gallowes._
+
+[_Rogue._] Gerry gan the ruffian clye thee.
+
+        _A corde in thy mouth, the deuyll take thee._
+
+_Man._  What! stowe you bene cofe and cut benar whydds; and byng we to some
+        vyle to nyp a bong, so shall we haue lowre for the bousing ken and
+        when we byng back to the deuseauye, we wyll fylche some duddes of
+        the ruffemans, or myll the ken for a lagge of dudes.
+
+        _What! holde your peace, good fellowe, and speake better wordes;
+        and go we to London to cut a purse, then shal we haue money for the
+        ale-house, and when we come backe agayne into the countrey, we wyll
+        steale some lynnen clothes of one hedges, or robbe some house for a
+        bucke of clothes._"
+
+I have been induced, from the curiosity and rarity of this tract, to
+extend my account of it farther, perhaps, than many of my readers may
+think reasonable, and shall, therefore, only add a specimen of Harman's
+poetry, with which the original terminates.
+
+    "--> Thus J conclude my bolde beggar's booke,
+    That all estates most playnely maye see;
+    As in a glasse well pollyshed to looke,
+    Their double demeaner in eche degree;
+    Their lyues, their language, their names as they be;
+    That with this warning their myndes may be warmed
+    To amende their mysdeedes, and so lyue vnharmed."
+
+Another tract of the same description is noticed in Herbert's Ames (p.
+885.) as printed so early as in 1565. A copy of the second edition in the
+Bodleian Library, possesses the following title:--"_The Fraternitye of
+Uacabondes. As wel of ruflyng Vacabondes, as of beggerly, of women as of
+men, of gyrles as of boyes, with their proper names and qualities. With a
+description of the crafty company of Cousoners and Shifters. Whereunto
+also is adioyned the xxv orders of Knaues, otherwyse called a Quartern of
+Knaues. Confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell[CM], &c. Imprinted at London by
+Iohn Awdeley, dwellyng in little Britayne streete without Aldersgate.
+1575._" This, although much shorter than Harman's, contains nearly the
+same characters, and is therefore thus briefly dismissed. An account of
+it, drawn up by the editor of the present volume, may be found in Brydges'
+_British Bibliographer_, vol. ii. p. 12.
+
+It may not be amiss to notice in this place, that a considerable part of
+_The Belman of London, bringing to light the most notorious villanies that
+are now practised in the kingdom, &c._ 4to. 1608, is derived from Harman's
+_Caveat_. Among the books bequeathed to the Bodleian, by Burton, (4to.
+G.8. Art. BS.) is a copy of the _Belman_, with the several passages so
+borrowed, marked in the hand-writing of the author of the _Anatomy of
+Melancholy_, who has also copied the _canting dialogue_ just given, and
+added several notes of his own on the margin.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BV] In the epistle to the reader, the author terms it "this _second_
+impression."
+
+[BW] A _ruffler_ seems to have been a bully as well as a beggar, he is
+thus described in the _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_; (see p. 228.) "A
+ruffeler goeth wyth a weapon to seeke seruice, saying he hath bene a
+seruitor in the wars, and beggeth for his reliefe. But his chiefest trade
+is to robbe poore way-faring men and market-women." In _New Custome_ a
+morality, 1573, Creweltie, one of the characters, is termed a _ruffler_.
+See also Decker's _Belman of London_. Sign. C. iv.
+
+[BX] "An _upright man_ is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a staffe,
+which staffe they cal a Flitchm[=a]. This man is of so much authority,
+that meeting with any of his profession, he may cal them to accompt, and
+comaund a share or snap vnto himselfe of al that they have gained by their
+trade in one moneth." _Fraternitye of Vacabondes._
+
+[BY] This worthy character approaches somewhat near to a shop-lifter.
+Decker tells us that "their apparele in which they walke is commonly
+freize jerkins and gallye slops." _Belman._ Sign. C. iv.
+
+[BZ] A rogue, says Burton, in his MS. notes to Decker's _Belman of
+London_, "is not so stoute and [hardy] as the vpright man."
+
+[CA] A person whose parents were rogues.
+
+[CB] "These be called also _clapperdogens_" and "go with patched clokes."
+Sign. C. iv.
+
+[CC] A _Frater_ and a _Whipiacke_, are persons who travel with a
+counterfeite license, the latter in the dress of a sailor. See
+_Fraternitye, Belman_, &c.
+
+[CD] "An _Abraham-man_ is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and
+fayneth hymselfe mad, and caryeth a packe of wool, or a stycke with baken
+on it, or such lyke toy, and nameth himselfe Poore Tom." _Fraternitye of
+Vacabondes._
+
+[CE] A person who asks charity, and feigns sickness and disease.
+
+[CF] One who pretends to be dumb. In Harman's time they were chiefly
+Welsh-men.
+
+[CG] An artificer who mends one hole, and makes twenty.
+
+[CH] A _jarke man_ can read and write, and sometimes understands a little
+Latin. A _patrico_ solemnizes their marriages.
+
+[CI] These are commonly women who ask assistance, feigning that they have
+lost their property by fire.
+
+[CJ] A woman who cohabits with an _upright man_, and professes to sell
+thread, &c.
+
+[CK] "These _antem mortes_ be maried wemen, as there be but a fewe: for
+_antem_, in their language is a churche--" &c. _Harman_. Sign. E. iv. A
+_walking morte_ is one unmarried: a _doxe_, a _dell_, and a _kynchin
+morte_, are all females; and a _kynchen co_ is a young boy not thoroughly
+instructed in the art of _canting_ and _prigging_.
+
+[CL] In Florio's _Italian Dictionary_, the word _dinascoso_ is explained
+"secretly, hiddenly, in _hugger-mugger_." See also Reed's _Shakspeare_,
+xviii. 284. _Old Plays_, 1780. viii. 48.
+
+[CM] Herbert notices _Cock Lorelles Bote_, which he describes to be a
+satire in verse, in which the author enumerates all the most common trades
+and callings then in being. It was printed, in black letter, Wynken de
+Worde, 4to. without date. _History of Printing_ ii. 224, and Percy's
+_Reliques_, i. 137, edit. 1794.
+
+
+
+
+ii. _Picture of a Puritane, 8vo._ 1605. [Dr. Farmer's _Sale Catalogue_,
+page 153, No. 3709.]
+
+
+
+
+iii. _"A Wife novv the Widdow of Sir Thomas Overbvrye. Being a most
+exquisite and singular Poem of the Choice of a Wife. Wherevnto are added
+many witty Characters, and conceited Newes, written by himselfe and other
+learned Gentlemen his friends.
+
+    Dignum laude virum musa vetat mori,
+    Cælo musa beat. Hor. Car. lib. 3.
+
+London Printed for Lawrence Lisle, and are to bee sold at his shop in
+Paule's Church-yard, at the signe of the Tiger's head. 1614."_[CN]
+
+[4to. pp. 64, not numbered.]
+
+Of Sir Thomas Overbury's life, and unhappy end, we have so full an account
+in the _Biographia_, and the various historical productions, treating of
+the period in which he lived, that nothing further will be expected in
+this place. His _Wife_ and _Characters_ were printed, says Wood, several
+times during his life, and the edition above noticed, was supposed, by the
+Oxford biographer, to be the fourth or fifth[CO]. Having never seen a
+copy of the early editions, I am unable to fix on any character
+undoubtedly the production of Overbury, and the printer confesses some of
+them were written by "other learned gentlemen." These were greatly
+encreased in subsequent impressions, that of 1614 having only twenty-one
+characters, and that in 1622 containing no less than eighty.
+
+
+A COURTIER,--(_Sign. C. 4. b._)
+
+To all men's thinking is a man, and to most men the finest: all things
+else are defined by the understanding, but this by the sences; but his
+surest marke is, that hee is to bee found onely about princes. Hee smells;
+and putteth away much of his judgement about the scituation of his
+clothes. Hee knowes no man that is not generally knowne. His wit, like the
+marigold, openeth with the sunne, and therefore he riseth not before ten
+of the clocke. Hee puts more confidence in his words than meaning, and
+more in his pronuntiation than his words. Occasion is his Cupid, and hee
+hath but one receipt of making loue. Hee followes nothing but
+inconstancie, admires nothing but beauty, honours nothing but fortune.
+Loues nothing. The sustenance of his discourse his newes, and his censure
+like a shot depends vpon the charging. Hee is not, if he be out of court,
+but, fish-like, breathes destruction, if out of his owne element. Neither
+his motion, or aspect are regular, but he mooues by the vpper spheres, and
+is the reflexion of higher substances. If you finde him not heere, you
+shall in Paules with a pick-tooth in his hat, a cape cloke, and a long
+stocking.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CN] In 1614 appeared _The Husband_, a _Poeme_, expressed in a compleat
+man. See _Censura Literaria_, v. 365. John Davies, of Hereford, wrote _A
+Select Second Hvsband for Sir Thomas Overbvries Wife, now a matchlesse
+widow_. 8vo. Lond. 1616. And in 1673 was published, _The Illustrious Wife,
+viz. That excellent Poem, Sir Thomas Overbvrie's Wife, illustrated by
+Giles Oldisworth, Nephew to the same Sir T. O._
+
+[CO] It was most probably the fifth, as Mr. Capel, who has printed the
+_Wife_, in his very curious volume, entitled _Prolusions_, 8vo. Lond.
+1760, notices two copies in 1614, one in 8vo. which I suppose to be the
+third, and one in 4to. stated in the title to be the fourth edition: the
+sixth was in the following year, 1615; the seventh, eighth, and ninth were
+in 1616, the eleventh in 1622, twelfth in 1627, thirteenth 1628,
+fourteenth, 1630, fifteenth, 1632, sixteenth, 1638, and Mr. Brand
+possessed a copy, the specific edition of which I am unable to state,
+printed in 1655. _Catalogue_, No. 4927.
+
+
+
+
+iv. "_Satyrical Essayes, Characters, and others, or accurate and quick
+Descriptions, fitted to the life of their Subiects._ [Greek: tôn êthôn dê
+phylattesthai mallon dei hê tous hecheis]. Theophras.
+
+    Aspice et hæc, si forte aliquid decoctius audis,
+    Jude vaporata Lector mihi ferucat aure. IUUEN.
+
+_Plagosus minime Plagiarius._
+
+_John Stephens. London, Printed by Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by
+Roger Barnes, at his Shop in St. Dunstane's Church-yard. 1615._"
+
+[8vo. pp. 321. title, preface, &c. 14 more.]
+
+In a subsequent impression of this volume, 8vo. in the same year, and with
+a fresh title page, dated 1631[CP], we find the author to be "John
+Stephens the younger, of Lincoln's Inn:" no other particulars of him
+appear to exist at present, excepting that he was the author of a play
+entitled, _Cinthia's Revenge; or, Mænander's Extasie_. Lond. for Barnes,
+1613, 4to. "which," says Langbaine, "is one of the longest plays I ever
+read, and withal the most tedious." Ben Jonson addressed some lines[CQ]
+to the author, whom he calls "his much and worthily esteemed friend," as
+did F. C. G. Rogers, and Thomas Danet.
+
+Stephens dedicates his book to Thomas Turner, Esq. For the sake of a
+little variety I give one of his "three satyricall Essayes on
+Cowardlinesse," which are written in verse.
+
+
+ESSAY I.
+
+    "Feare to resist good virtue's common foe,
+    And feare to loose some lucre, which doth grow
+    By a continued practise; makes our fate
+    Banish (with single combates) all the hate,
+    Which broad abuses challenge of our spleene.
+    For who in Vertue's troope was euer seene,
+    That did couragiously with mischiefes fight,
+    Without the publicke name of hipocrite?
+    Vaine-glorious, malapert, precise, deuout,
+    Be tearmes which threaten those that go about
+    To stand in opposition of our times
+    With true defiance, or satyricke rimes.
+    Cowards they be, branded among the worst,
+    Who (through contempt of Atheisme), neuer durst
+    Crowd neere a great man's elbow to suggest
+    Smooth tales with glosse, or Enuy well addrest.
+    These be the noted cowards of our age;
+    Who be not able to instruct the stage
+    With matter of new shamelesse impudence
+    Who cannot almost laugh at innocence;
+    And purchase high preferment by the waies,
+    Which had bene horrible in Nero's dayes.
+    They are the shamefull cowards, who contemne
+    Vices of state, or cannot flatter them;
+    Who can refuse advantage, or deny
+    Villanous courses, if they can espye
+    Some little purchase to inrich their chest
+    Though they become vncomfortably blest.
+    We still account those cowards, who forbeare
+    (Being possess'd with a religious feare)
+    To slip occasion, when they might erect
+    Hornes on a tradesman's noddle, or neglect
+    The violation of a virgin's bed
+    With promise to requite her maiden-head.
+    Basely low-minded we esteeme that man
+    Who cannot swagger well, or (if he can)
+    Who doth not with implacable desire,
+    Follow revenge with a consuming fire.
+    Extortious rascals, when they are alone,
+    Bethinke how closely they have pick'd each bone,
+    Nay, with a frolicke humour, they will brag,
+    How blancke they left their empty client's bag.
+    Which dealings if they did not giue delight,
+    Or not refresh their meetings in despight,
+    They would accounted be both weake, vnwise,
+    And, like a timorous coward, too precise.
+    Your handsome-bodied youth (whose comely face
+    May challenge all the store of Nature's grace,)
+    If, when a lustfull lady doth inuite,
+    By some lasciuious trickes his deere delight,
+    If then he doth abhorre such wanton ioy;
+    Whose is not almost ready to destroy
+    Ciuility with curses, when he heares
+    The tale recited? blaming much his years,
+    Or modest weaknesse, and with cheeks ful-blown
+    Each man will wish the case had beene his own.
+    Graue holy men, whose habite will imply
+    Nothing but honest zeale, or sanctity,
+    Nay so vprighteous will their actions seeme,
+    As you their thoughts religion will esteeme.
+    Yet these all-sacred men, who daily giue
+    Such vowes, wold think themselves vnfit to liue,
+    If they were artlesse in the flattering vice,
+    Euen as it were a daily sacrifice:
+    Children deceiue their parents with expence:
+    Charity layes aside her conscience,
+    And lookes vpon the fraile commodity
+    Of monstrous bargaines with a couetous eye:
+    And now the name of _generosity_,
+    Of _noble cariage_ or _braue dignity_,
+    Keepe such a common skirmish in our bloud,
+    As we direct the measure of things good,
+    By that, which reputation of estate,
+    Glory of rumor, or the present rate
+    Of sauing pollicy doth best admit.
+    We do employ materials of wit,
+    Knowledge, occasion, labour, dignity,
+    Among our spirits of audacity,
+    Nor in our gainefull proiects do we care
+    For what is pious, but for what we dare.
+    Good humble men, who haue sincerely layd
+    Saluation for their hope, we call _afraid_.
+    But if you will vouchsafe a patient eare,
+    You shall perceiue, men impious haue most feare."
+
+The second edition possesses the following title--"_New Essayes and
+Characters, with a new Satyre in defence of the Common Law, and Lawyers:
+mixt with reproofe against their Enemy Ignoramus, &c. London, 1631._" It
+seems not improbable that some person had attacked Stephens's first
+edition, although I am unable to discover the publication alluded to. I
+suspect him to be the editor of, or one of the contributors to, the later
+copies of Sir Thomas Overbury's _Wife_, &c.: since one of Stephens's
+friends, (a Mr. I. Cocke) in a poetical address prefixed to his _New
+Essayes_, says "I am heere enforced to claime 3 characters following the
+Wife[CR]; viz. the _Tinker_, the _Apparatour_, and _Almanack-maker_, that
+I may signify the ridiculous and bold dealing of an vnknowne botcher: but
+I neede make no question what he is; for his hackney similitudes discouer
+him to be the rayler above-mentioned, whosoeuer that rayler be."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CP] Coxeter, in his MSS. notes to Gildon's _Lives of the Eng. Dram.
+Poets_, in the Bodleian, says that the second edition was in 8vo. 1613,
+"_Essays and Characters, Ironical and Instructive_," but this must be a
+mistake.
+
+[CQ]
+
+    "Who takes thy volume to his vertuous hand,
+    Must be intended still to vnderstand:
+    Who bluntly doth but looke vpon the same,
+    May aske, _what author would conceale his name?_
+    Who reads may roaue, and call the passage darke,
+    Yet may, as blind men, sometimes hit the marke.
+    Who reads, who roaues, who hopes to vnderstand,
+    May take thy volume to his vertuous hand.
+    Who cannot reade, but onely doth desire
+    To vnderstand, hee may at length admire.
+
+    B. I."
+
+
+
+[CR] These were added to the sixth edition of the _Wife_, in 1615.
+
+
+
+
+v. _Caracters upon Essaies, morall and diuine, written for those good
+spirits that will take them in good part, and make use of them to good
+purpose. London: Printed by Edw. Griffin for John Guillim, and are to be
+sold at his shop in Britaines Burse._ 1615. 12mo.
+
+[Censura Literaria, v. 51. Monthly Mirror, xi. 16.]
+
+
+
+
+vi. _The Good and the Badde, or Descriptions of the Worthies and
+Vnworthies of this Age. Where the Best may see their Graces, and the Worst
+discerne their Basenesse. London, Printed by George Purslowe for Iohn
+Budge, and are to be sold at the great South-dore of Paules, and at
+Brittaines Bursse._ 1616.
+
+[4to. containing pp. 40, title, dedication "to Sir Gilbert Houghton,
+Knight," and preface six more. A second edition appeared in 1643, under
+the title of _England's Selected Characters_, &c.]
+
+The author of these characters[CS] was Nicholas Breton, who dedicates them
+to Sir Gilbert Houghton, of Houghton, Knight. Of Breton no particulars
+are now known, excepting what may be gained from an epitaph in Norton
+church, Northamptonshire[CT], by which we learn that he was the son of
+Captain Breton, of Tamworth, in Staffordshire, and served himself in the
+Low Countries, under the command of the Earl of Leicester. He married
+Anne, daughter of Sir Edward Legh, or Leigh, of Rushell, Staffordshire, by
+whom he had five sons and four daughters, and having purchased the manor
+of Norton, died there June 22, 1624[CU].
+
+Breton appears to have been a poet of considerable reputation among his
+contemporaries, as he is noticed with commendation by Puttenhem and Meres:
+Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges declares that his poetical powers were
+distinguished by a simplicity, at once easy and elegant. Specimens of his
+productions in verse, may be found in Percy's _Reliques_, Ellis's
+_Specimens_, Cooper's _Muses' Library, Censura Literaria_; and an
+imperfect list of his publications is given by Ritson, in the
+_Bibliographia Poetica_, which is augmented by Mr. Park, in the _Cens.
+Lit._ ix. 163[CV].
+
+
+A WORTHIE PRIUIE COUNCELLER.
+
+
+A worthy priuie counceller is the pillar of a realme, in whose wisedome
+and care, vnder God and the king, stands the safety of a kingdome; he is
+the watch-towre to giue warning of the enemy, and a hand of prouision for
+the preseruation of the state: hee is an oracle in the king's eare, and a
+sword in the king's hand, an euen weight in the ballance of justice, and a
+light of grace in the loue of truth: he is an eye of care in the course of
+lawe, a heart of loue in the seruice of his soueraigne, a mind of honour
+in the order of his seruice, and a braine of inuention for the good of the
+common-wealth; his place is powerful, while his seruice is faithfull, and
+his honour due in the desert of his employment. In summe, he is as a fixed
+planet mong the starres of the firmament, which through the clouds in the
+ayre, shewes the nature of his light.
+
+
+AN VNWORTHIE COUNCELLER.
+
+
+An vnworthie counceller is the hurt of a king, and the danger of a state,
+when the weaknes of judgement may commit an error, or the lacke of care
+may give way to vnhappinesse: he is a wicked charme in the king's eare, a
+sword of terror in the aduice of tyranny: his power is perillous in the
+partiality of will, and his heart full of hollownesse in the protestation
+of loue: hypocrisie is the couer of his counterfaite religion, and
+traiterous inu[=e]tion is the agent of his ambition: he is the cloud of
+darknesse, that threatneth foule weather, and if it growe to a storme, it
+is feareful where it falls: hee is an enemy to God in the hate of grace,
+and worthie of death in disloyalty to his soueraigne. In summe, he is an
+vnfit person for the place of a counceller, and an vnworthy subject to
+looke a king in the face.
+
+
+AN EFFEMINATE FOOL.
+
+An effeminate foole is the figure of a baby: he loues nothing but gay, to
+look in a glasse, to keepe among wenches, and to play with trifles; to
+feed on sweet meats, and to be daunced in laps, to be inbraced in armes,
+and to be kissed on the cheeke: to talke idlely, to looke demurely, to goe
+nicely, and to laugh continually: to be his mistresse' servant, and her
+mayd's master, his father's love, and his mother's none-child: to play on
+a fiddle, and sing a loue-song, to weare sweet gloues, and look on fine
+things: to make purposes and write verses, deuise riddles, and tell lies:
+to follow plaies, and study daunces, to heare newes, and buy trifles: to
+sigh for loue, and weepe for kindnesse, and mourne for company, and bee
+sicke for fashion: to ride in a coach, and gallop a hackney, to watch all
+night, and sleepe out the morning: to lie on a bed, and take tobacco, and
+to send his page of an idle message to his mistresse; to go vpon gigges,
+to haue his ruffes set in print, to picke his teeth, and play with a
+puppet. In summe, hee is a man-childe, and a woman's man, a gaze of
+folly, and wisedome's griefe[CW].
+
+
+"THE CHESSE PLAY."
+
+Very aptly deuised by N. B. Gent.
+
+[From "_The Phoenix Nest. Built vp with the most rare and refined workes
+of Noble men, woorthy Knights, gallant Gentlemen, Masters of Arts, and
+braue Schollers," &c. "Set foorth by R. S. of the Inner Temple,
+Gentleman." 4to. London, by Iohn Iackson, 1593, page 28._]
+
+    A secret many yeeres vnseene,
+    In play at chesse, who knowes the game,
+    First of the King, and then the Queene,
+    Knight, Bishop, Rooke, and so by name,
+        Of euerie Pawne I will descrie,
+        The nature with the qualitie.
+
+THE KING.
+
+    The King himselfe is haughtie care,
+    Which ouerlooketh all his men,
+    And when he seeth how they fare
+    He steps among them now and then,
+        Whom, when his foe presumes to checke,
+        His seruants stand, to giue the necke.
+
+THE QUEENE.
+
+    The Queene is queint, and quicke conceit,
+    Which makes hir walke which way she list,
+    And rootes them vp, that lie in wait
+    To worke hir treason, ere she wist:
+        Hir force is such against hir foes
+        That whom she meetes, she ouerthrowes.
+
+THE KNIGHT.
+
+    The Knight is knowledge how to fight
+    Against his prince's enimies,
+    He neuer makes his walke outright,
+    But leaps and skips, in wilie wise,
+        To take by sleight a traitrous foe,
+        Might slilie seeke their ouerthrowe.
+
+THE BISHOP.
+
+    The Bishop he is wittie braine,
+    That chooseth crossest pathes to pace,
+    And euermore he pries with paine,
+    To see who seekes him most disgrace:
+        Such straglers when he findes astraie
+        He takes them vp, and throwes awaie.
+
+THE ROOKES.
+
+    The Rookes are reason on both sides,
+    Which keepe the corner houses still,
+    And warily stand to watch their tides,
+    By secret art to worke their will,
+        To take sometime a theefe vnseene,
+        Might mischiefe meane to King or Queene.
+
+THE PAWNES.
+
+    The Pawne before the King, is peace,
+    Which he desires to keepe at home,
+    Practise, the Queene's, which doth not cease
+    Amid the world abroad to roame,
+        To finde, and fall upon each foe,
+        Whereas his mistres meanes to goe.
+
+    Before the Knight, is perill plast,
+    Which he, by skipping ouergoes,
+    And yet that Pawne can worke a cast,
+    To ouerthrow his greatest foes;
+        The Bishop's prudence, prieng still
+        Which way to worke his master's will.
+
+    The Rooke's poore Pawnes, are sillie swaines,
+    Which seeldome serue, except by hap,
+    And yet those Pawnes, can lay their traines,
+    To catch a great man, in a trap:
+        So that I see, sometime a groome
+        May not be spared from his roome.
+
+THE NATURE OF THE CHESSE MEN.
+
+    The King is stately, looking hie;
+    The Queene doth beare like maiestie:
+    The Knight is hardie, valiant, wise:
+    The Bishop prudent and precise.
+        The Rookes no raungers out of raie[CX],
+        The Pawnes the pages in the plaie.
+
+LENVOY.
+
+    Then rule with care, and quicke conceit,
+    And fight with knowledge, as with force;
+    So beare a braine, to dash deceit,
+    And worke with reason and remorse.
+        Forgive a fault when young men plaie,
+        So giue a mate, and go your way.
+
+    And when you plaie beware of checke,
+    Know how to saue and giue a necke:
+    And with a checke beware of mate;
+    But cheefe, ware had I wist too late:
+        Loose not the Queene, for ten to one,
+        If she be lost, the game is gone."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CS] These are a king; a queen; a prince; a privy-counsellor; a noble man;
+a bishop; a judge; a knight; a gentleman; a lawyer; a soldier; a
+physician; a merchant (their good and bad characters); a good man, and an
+atheist or most bad man; a wise man and a fool; an honest man and a knave;
+an usurer; a beggar; a virgin and a wanton woman; a quiet woman; an
+unquiet woman; a good wife; an effeminate fool; a parasite; a bawd; a
+drunkard; a coward; an honest poor man; a just man; a repentant sinner; a
+reprobate; an old man; a young man, and a holy man.
+
+[CT] It is by no means certain that this may not be intended to perpetuate
+the memory of some other person of the same names, although Mr. Gough, in
+a note to the second volume of _Queen Elizabeth's Progresses_, seems to
+think it belongs to our author.
+
+[CU] Bridges' _Northamptonshire_, vol. ii. page 78, s. Shaw's
+_Staffordshire_, vol. i. page 422.
+
+[CV] To these lists of Breton's productions may be added, 1. _A Solemne
+Passion of the Soule's Loue._ 4to. Lond. 1598. 2. _The Mother's Blessing_,
+4to. Lond. 1602. 3. _A True Description of vnthankfulnesse; or an enemie
+to Ingratitude._ 4to. Lond. 1602. 4. _Breton's Longing_, 4to. title lost
+in the Bodleian copy; prefixed are verses by H. T. gent. 5. _A Poste with
+a packet of Mad Letters_, 4to. 1633, dedicated by Nicholas Breton to
+Maximilian Dallison of Hawlin, Kent. The last tract excepted, all the
+above are in a volume bequeathed by Bishop Tanner to the university of
+Oxford, which contains many of the pieces noticed by Ritson, and, in
+addition, _The Passion of a discontented Minde._ 4to. Lond. 1602, which I
+should have no hesitation in placing to Breton. At the end of the volume
+are _The Passions of the Spirit_, and _Excellent Vercis worthey imitation
+of euery Christian in thier Conuersiation_, both in manuscript, and, if we
+may judge from the style, evidently by the author before-mentioned. For
+the _Figures_, in the composition of which he had certainly a share, see
+page 198.
+
+[CW] I am not aware that the following specimen of his versification,
+which is curious, has been reprinted.
+
+[CX] _Raie_, for _array_; order, rank. So Spencer.
+
+    "And all the damzels of that towne in _ray_,
+    Came dauncing forth, and ioyous carrols song:"
+
+_Faerie Queene_, book v. canto xi. 34.
+
+
+
+
+vii. _Essayes and Characters of a Prison and Prisoners. Written by G. M.
+of Grayes'-Inne, Gent._ (Woodcut of a keeper standing with the hatch of a
+prison open, in his left hand a staff, the following lines at the side;
+
+    "Those that keepe mee, I keepe; if can, will still:
+    Hee's a true Iaylor strips the Diuell in ill.")
+
+_Printed at London for Mathew Walbancke and are to be solde at his shops
+at the new and old Gate of Grayes-Inne._ 1618.
+
+[4to. pp. 48. title, dedication, &c. eight more.]
+
+A second edition appeared in 1638, and, as the title informs us, "with
+some new additions:" what these were I am not able to state, as my copy,
+although it appears perfect, contains precisely the same with that of
+1618.
+
+Of Geffray Mynshul, as he signs his name to the dedication, I can learn
+no particulars, but I have reason to suppose him descended from an ancient
+and highly respectable family, residing at Minshull, in the county of
+Chester[CY], during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By what
+mishap he became an inmate of the King's-bench prison, from when he
+dates[CZ] his _Essayes_, it is impossible to conjecture, but as he talks
+of usury and extortion, as well as of severe creditors; and advises those
+who are compelled to borrow, to pay as soon as they can, we may suppose
+that imprudence and extravagance assisted in reducing him to the situation
+he attempts to describe.
+
+In the dedication to his uncle, "Mr. Matthew Mainwaring[DA], of Namptwich,
+in Cheshire," he says:--"Since my comming into this prison, what with the
+strangenesse of the place, and strictnesse of my liberty, I am so
+transported that I could not follow that study wherein I tooke great
+delight and cheife pleasure, and to spend my time idley would but adde
+more discontentments to my troubled brest, and being in this chaos of
+discontentments, fantasies must arise, which will bring forth the fruits
+of an idle braine, for _e malis minimum_. It is farre better to giue some
+accompt of time, though to little purpose, than none at all. To which end
+I gathered a handfull of essayes, and few characters of such things as by
+my owne experience I could say _Probatum est_: not that thereby I should
+either please the reader, or shew exquisitenes of inuention, or curious
+stile; seeing what I write of is but the child of sorrow, bred by
+discontentments, and nourisht vp with misfortunes, to whosc help
+melancholly Saturne gaue his iudgement, the night-bird her inuention, and
+the ominous rauen brought a quill taken from his owne wing, dipt in the
+inke of misery, as chiefe ayders in this architect of sorrow."
+
+
+"CHARACTER OF A PRISONER.
+
+A prisoner is an impatient patient, lingring vnder the rough hands of a
+cruell phisitian: his creditor hauing cast his water knowes his disease,
+and hath power to cure him, but takes more pleasure to kill him. He is
+like Tantalus, who hath freedome running by his doore, yet cannot enioy
+the least benefit thereof. His greatest griefe is that his credit was so
+good and now no better. His land is drawne within the compasse of a
+sheepe's skin, and his owne hand the fortification that barres him of
+entrance: hee is fortunes tossing-bal, an obiect that would make mirth
+melancholy: to his friends an abiect, and a subiect of nine dayes' wonder
+in euery barber's shop, and a mouthfull of pitty (that he had no better
+fortune) to midwiues and talkatiue gossips; and all the content that this
+transitory life can giue him seemes but to flout him, in respect the
+restraint of liberty barres the true vse. To his familiars hee is like a
+plague, whom they dare scarce come nigh for feare of infection, he is a
+monument ruined by those which raysed him, he spends the day with a _hei
+mihi! ve miserum_! and the night with a _nullis est medicabilis herbis_."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CY] In the church of St. Mary, at Nantwich, in that county, is a monument
+erected by Geofry Minshull, of Stoke, Esq. to the memory of his ancestors.
+_Historical Account of Nantwich_, 8vo. 1774, page 33. King, in his _Vale
+Royal of England_, folio, _Lond._ 1656, page 74, speaks of Minshall-hall,
+"a very ancient seat, which hath continued the successions of a
+worshipfull race in its own name"--&c.
+
+[CZ] This place of residence was omitted in the second edition.
+
+[DA] The Mainwarings were an old family of repute, being mentioned as
+residing near Nantwich, by Leland, _Itin._ vol. 7. pt. i. fol. 43. See
+also the list of escheators of Cheshire, in Leycester's _Historical
+Antiquities_, folio, Lond. 1673, p. 186.
+
+
+
+
+viii. _Cvres for the Itch. Characters. Epigrams. Epitaphs. By H. P.
+Scalpat qui tangitur. London, Printed for Thomas Iones, at the signs of
+the Blacke Rauen in the Strand._ 1626. [8vo. containing pp. 142, not
+numbered.]
+
+I have little doubt but that the initials H. P. may be attributed with
+justice to _Henry Parrot_, author of _Laquei ridiculosi: or, Springes for
+Woodcocks_, a collection of epigrams, printed at London in 1613[DB], 8vo.
+and commended by Mr. Warton, who says, that "many of them are worthy to be
+revived in modern collections"[DC]. To the same person I would also give
+_The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Old Dogge. Epigrams and Satyrs._
+Lond. (Date cut off in the Bodleian copy,) 4to.--_The Mouse Trap,
+consisting of 100 Epigrams_, 4to. 1606.--_Epigrams by H. P._ 4to.
+1608.--and _The More the Merrier: containing three-score and odde
+headlesse Epigrams, shot (like the Fooles bolt) amongst you, light where
+they will_, 4to. 1608[DD].
+
+It appears from the Preface to _Cvres for the Itch_, that the _Epigrams
+and Epitaphs_ were written in 1624, during the author's residence in the
+country, at the "_long vacation_," and the _Characters_[DE], which are
+"not so fully perfected as was meant," were composed "of later times."
+The following afford as fair a specimen of this part of the volume as can
+be produced.
+
+
+"A SCOLD. (B. 5.)
+
+Is a much more heard of, then least desired to bee seene or knowne,
+she-kinde of serpent; the venom'd sting of whose poysonous tongue, worse
+then the biting of a scorpion, proues more infectious farre then can be
+cured. Shee's of all other creatures most vntameablest, and couets more
+the last word in scoulding, then doth a Combater the last stroke for
+victorie. She lowdest lifts it standing at her door, bidding, w^{th}
+exclamation, flat defiance to any one sayes blacke's her eye. She dares
+appeare before any iustice, nor is least daunted with the sight of
+counstable, nor at worst threatnings of a cucking-stoole. There's nothing
+mads or moues her more to outrage, then but the very naming of a wispe, or
+if you sing or whistle when she is scoulding. If any in the interim chance
+to come within her reach, twenty to one she scratcheth him by the face; or
+doe but offer to hold her hands, sheel presently begin to cry out murder.
+There's nothing pacifies her but a cup of sacke, which taking in full
+measure of digestion, shee presently forgets all wrongs that's done her,
+and thereupon falls streight a weeping. Doe but intreat her with faire
+words, or flatter her, she then confesseth all her imperfections, and
+layes the guilt vpon the whore her mayd. Her manner is to talke much in
+her sleepe, what wrongs she hath indured of that rogue her husband whose
+hap may be in time to dye a martyr; and so I leaue them."
+
+
+"A GOOD WIFE,
+
+Is a world of happiness, that brings with it a kingdom in conceit, and
+makes a perfect adiunct in societie; shee's such a comfort as exceeds
+content, and proues so precious as canot be paralleld, yea more
+inestimable then may be valued. Shee's any good man's better second selfe,
+the very mirror of true constant modesty, the carefull huswife of
+frugalitie, and dearest obiect of man's heart's felicitie. She commands
+with mildnesse, rules with discretion, liues in repute, and ordereth all
+things that are good or necessarie. Shee's her husband's solace, her
+house's ornament, her children's succor, and her seruant's comfort. Shee's
+(to be briefe) the eye of warinesse, the tongue of silence, the hand of
+labour, and the heart of loue. Her voice is musicke, her countenance
+meeknesse; her minde vertuous, and her soule gratious. Shee's a blessing
+giuen from God to man, a sweet companion in his affliction, and ioynt
+co-partner upon all occasions. Shee's (to conclude) earth's chiefest
+paragon, and will bee, when shee dyes, heauen's dearest creature."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DB] Mr. Steevens quotes an edition in 1606, but the preface expressly
+states, that they were composed in 1611.--"_Duo propemodum anni elapsi
+sunt, ex quo primum Epigrammata hæc (qualiacunque) raptim et festinanter
+perficiebam_"--&c.
+
+[DC] _History of English Poetry_, iv. 73.
+
+[DD] _Censura Literaria_, iii. 387, 388.
+
+[DE] These consist of a ballad-maker; a tapster; a drunkard; a rectified
+young man; a young nouice's new yonger wife; a common fidler; a broker; a
+iouiall good fellow; a humourist; a malepart yong upstart; a scold; a good
+wife, and a selfe-conceited parcell-witty old dotard.
+
+
+
+
+ix. _Characters of Vertves and Vices. In two Bookes. By Ios. Hall.
+Imprinted at London, 1627._
+
+The above is copied from a separate title in the collected works of Bishop
+Hall, printed in folio, and dedicated to James the First. The book, I
+believe, originally appeared in 8vo. 1608[DF]. Of this edition I have in
+vain endeavoured to procure some information, although I cannot fancy it
+to be of any peculiar rarity.
+
+The volume contains a dedication to Edward Lord Denny, and James Lord Hay,
+a premonition of the title and use of characters, the proemes, eleven
+virtuous characters, and fifteen of a different discription. As Bishop
+Hall's collected works have so lately appeared in a new edition, and as
+Mr. Pratt[DG] proposes to add a life of the author in a subsequent volume,
+I shall forbear giving any specimen from the works or biographical notices
+of this amiable prelate, recommending the perusal of his excellent
+productions, to all who admire the combination of sound sense with
+unaffected devotion.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DF] See Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, 8vo. 1807, page 115, No. 3147.
+
+[DG] See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for October, 1810, LXXXI. 317.
+
+
+
+
+x. _Micrologia. Characters, or Essayes, of Persons, Trades, and Places,
+offered to the City and Country. By R. M. Printed at London by T. C. for
+Michael Sparke, dwelling at the blue Bible, in Greene Arbor. 1629._
+
+[8vo. containing 56 pages, not numbered.]
+
+The characters in this volume are "A fantasticke taylor; a player; a
+shooe-maker; a rope-maker; a smith; a tobacconist; a cunning woman; a
+cobler; a tooth-drawer; a tinker; a fidler; a cunning horse-courser;
+Bethlem; Ludgate; Bridewell; (and) Newgate."--
+
+
+"A PLAYER.--(_Sign. B._ iii.)
+
+Is a volume of various conceits or epitome of time, who by his
+representation and appearance makes things long past seeme present. He is
+much like the compters in arithmeticke, and may stand one while for a
+king, another while a begger, many times as a mute or cypher. Sometimes
+hee represents that which in his life he scarse practises--to be an honest
+man. To the point, hee oft personates a rover, and therein comes neerest
+to himselfe. If his action prefigure passion, he raues, rages, and
+protests much by his painted heauens, and seemes in the heighth of this
+fit ready to pull Ioue out of the garret, where pershance hee lies leaning
+on his elbowes, or is imployed to make squips and crackers to grace the
+play. His audience are often-times iudicious, but his chiefe admirers are
+commonly young wanton chamber-maids, who are so taken with his posture and
+gay clothes, they neuer come to be their owne women after. Hee exasperates
+men's enormities in publike view, and tels them their faults on the stage,
+not as being sorry for them, but rather wishes still hee might finde more
+occasions to worke on. He is the generall corrupter of spirits, yet
+vntainted, inducing them by gradation to much lasciuious deprauity. He is
+a perspicuity of vanity in variety, and suggests youth to perpetrate such
+vices, as otherwise they had haply nere heard of. He is (for the most
+part) a notable hypocrite, seeming what he is not, and is indeed what hee
+seemes not. And if hee lose one of his fellow stroules, in the summer he
+turnes king of the gipsies: if not, some great man's protection is a
+sufficient warrant for his peregrination, and a meanes to procure him the
+town-hall, where hee may long exercise his qualities, with clown-claps of
+great admiration, in a tone sutable to the large eares of his illiterate
+auditorie. Hee is one seldome takes care for old age, because ill diet and
+disorder, together with a consumption, or some worse disease, taken vp in
+his full careere, haue onely chalked out his catastrophe but to a colon:
+and he scarsely suruiues to his naturall period of dayes."
+
+
+
+
+xi. _Whimzies: Or, A new Cast of Characters. Nova, non nota delectant.
+London, Printed by F. K. and are to be sold by Ambrose Rithirdon, at the
+signe of the Bull's-head, in Paul's Church-yard. 1631._
+
+[12mo. containing in all, pp. 280.]
+
+The dedication to this volume, which is inscribed to sir _Alexander
+Radcliffe_, is signed "_Clitus--Alexandrinus_;" the author's real name I
+am unable to discover. It contains twenty-four characters[DH], besides "_A
+cater-character, throwne out of a boxe by an experienced gamester_[DI];"
+and some lines "vpon the birth-day of his sonne Iohn," of which the
+first-will be sufficient to satisfy all curiosity.
+
+    "God blesse thee, Iohn,
+      And make thee such an one
+    That I may ioy
+      in calling thee my son.
+
+    Thou art my ninth,
+      and by it I divine
+    That thou shalt live
+      to love the Muses nine."--&c. &c.
+
+
+"A CORRANTO-COINER--(p. 15.)
+
+Is a state newes-monger; and his owne genius is his intelligencer. His
+mint goes weekely, and he coines monie by it. Howsoeuer, the more
+intelligent merchants doe jeere him, the vulgar doe admire him, holding
+his novels oracular: and these are usually sent for tokens or intermissiue
+curtsies betwixt city and countrey. Hee holds most constantly one forme or
+method of discourse. He retaines some militarie words of art, which hee
+shootes at randome; no matter where they hitt, they cannot wound any. He
+ever leaves some passages doubtfull, as if they were some more intimate
+secrecies of state, clozing his sentence abruptly with--_heereafter you
+shall heare more_. Which words, I conceive, he onely useth as baites, to
+make the appetite of the reader more eager in his next week's pursuit for
+a more satisfying labour. Some generall-erring relations he pickes up, as
+crummes or fragments, from a frequented ordinarie: of which shreads he
+shapes a cote to fit any credulous foole that will weare it. You shall
+never observe him make any reply in places of publike concourse; hee
+ingenuously acknowledges himselfe to bee more bounden to the happinesse of
+a retentive memory, than eyther ability of tongue, or pregnancy of
+conceite. He carryes his table-booke still about with him, but dares not
+pull it out publikely. Yet no sooner is the table drawne, than he turnes
+notarie; by which meanes hee recovers the charge of his ordinarie. Paules
+is his walke in winter; Moorfields[DJ] in sommer. Where the whole
+discipline, designes, projects, and exploits of the States, Netherlands,
+Poland, Switzer, Crimchan and all, are within the compasse of one
+quadrangle walke most judiciously and punctually discovered. But long he
+must not walke, lest hee make his newes-presse stand. Thanks to his good
+invention, he can collect much out of a very little: no matter though more
+experienced judgements disprove him; hee is anonymos, and that wil secure
+him. To make his reports more credible or, (which he and his stationer
+onely aymes at,) more vendible, in the relation of every occurrent he
+renders you the day of the moneth; and to approve himselfe a scholler, he
+annexeth these Latine parcells, or parcell-gilt sentences, _veteri stylo,
+novo stylo_. Palisados, parapets, counterscarfes, forts, fortresses,
+rampiers, bulwarks, are his usual dialect. Hee writes as if he would doe
+some mischiefe, yet the charge of his shot is but paper. Hee will
+sometimes start in his sleepe, as one affrighted with visions, which I can
+impute to no other cause but to the terrible skirmishes which he
+discoursed of in the day-time. He has now tyed himselfe apprentice to the
+trade of minting, and must weekly performe his taske, or (beside the losse
+which accrues to himselfe,) he disappoints a number of no small fooles,
+whose discourse, discipline, and discretion, is drilled from his
+state-service. These you shall know by their Mondai's morning question, a
+little before Exchange time; _Stationer, have you any newes?_ Which they
+no sooner purchase than peruse; and, early by next morning, (lest their
+countrey friend should be deprived of the benefit of so rich a prize,)
+they freely vent the substance of it, with some illustrations, if their
+understanding can furnish them that way. He would make you beleeve that
+hee were knowne to some forraine intelligence, but I hold him the wisest
+man that hath the least faith to beleeve him. For his relations he stands
+resolute, whether they become approved, or evinced for untruths; which if
+they bee, hee has contracted with his face never to blush for the matter.
+Hee holds especiall concurrence with two philosophicall sects, though hee
+bee ignorant of the tenets of either: in the collection of his
+observations, he is _peripateticall_, for hee walkes circularly; in the
+digestion of his relations he is _Stoicall_, and sits regularly. Hee has
+an alphabeticall table of all the chiefe commanders, generals, leaders,
+provinciall townes, rivers, ports, creekes, with other fitting materials
+to furnish his imaginary building. Whisperings, muttrings, and bare
+suppositions, are sufficient grounds for the authoritie of his relations.
+It is strange to see with what greedinesse this ayrie Chameleon, being all
+lungs and winde, will swallow a receite of newes, as if it were physicall:
+yea, with what frontlesse insinuation he will scrue himselfe into the
+acquaintance of some knowing _Intelligencers_, who, trying the cask by his
+hollow sound, do familiarly gull him. I am of opinion, were all his
+voluminous centuries of fabulous relations compiled, they would vye in
+number with the Iliads of many forerunning ages. You shall many times
+finde in his Gazettas, pasquils, and corrantos miserable distractions;
+here a city taken by force long before it bee besieged; there a countrey
+laid waste before ever the enemie entered. He many times tortures his
+readers with impertinencies, yet are these the tolerablest passages
+throughout all his discourse. He is the very landskip of our age. He is
+all ayre; his eare alwayes open to all reports, which, how incredible
+soever, must passe for currant, and find vent, purposely to get him
+currant money, and delude the vulgar. Yet our best comfort is, his
+chymeras live not long; a weeke is the longest in the citie, and after
+their arrival, little longer in the countrey; which past, they melt like
+_Butter_, or match a pipe, and so _Burne_[DK]. But indeede, most commonly
+it is the height of their ambition to aspire to the imployment of stopping
+mustard-pots, or wrapping up pepper, pouder, staves-aker, &c. which done,
+they expire. Now for his habit, Wapping and Long-lane will give him his
+character. Hee honours nothing with a more indeered observance, nor hugges
+ought with more intimacie than antiquitie, which he expresseth even in his
+cloathes. I have knowne some love fish best that smelled of the panyer;
+and the like humour reignes in him, for hee loves that apparele best that
+has a taste of the broker. Some have held him for a scholler, but trust
+mee such are in a palpable errour, for hee never yet understood so much
+Latine as to construe _Gallo-Belgicus_. For his librarie (his owne
+continuations excepted,) it consists of very few or no bookes. He holds
+himselfe highly engaged to his invention if it can purchase him victuals;
+for authors hee never converseth with them, unlesse they walke in Paules.
+For his discourse it is ordinarie, yet hee will make you a terrible
+repetition of desperate commanders, unheard of exployts; intermixing
+withall his owne personall service. But this is not in all companies, for
+his experience hath sufficiently informed him in this principle--that as
+nothing workes more on the simple than things strange and incredibly rare;
+so nothing discovers his weaknesse more among the knowing and judicious
+than to insist, by way of discourse, on reports above conceite. Amongst
+these, therefore, hee is as mute as a fish. But now imagine his lampe (if
+he be worth one,) to be neerely burnt out; his inventing genius wearied
+and surfoote with raunging over so many unknowne regions; and himselfe,
+wasted with the fruitlesse expence of much paper, resigning his place of
+weekly collections to another, whom, in hope of some little share, hee has
+to his stationer recommended, while he lives either poorely respected, or
+dyes miserably suspended. The rest I end with his owne cloze:--_Next weeke
+you shall heare more_."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DH] An almanack-maker; a ballad-monger; a corranto-coiner; a decoy; an
+exchange man; a forrester; a gamester; an hospitall-man; a iayler; a
+keeper; a launderer; a metall man; a neuter; an ostler; a post-master: a
+quest-man; a ruffian; a sailor; a trauller; an vnder sheriffe; a
+wine-soaker; a Xantippean; a yealous neighbour; a zealous brother.
+
+[DI] This _cater-character_, which possesses a separate title page,
+contains delineations of an apparator; a painter; a pedler; and a piper.
+
+[DJ] _Moorfields_ were a general promenade for the citizens of London,
+during the summer months. The ground was left to the city by Mary and
+Catherine, daughters of sir William Fines, a Knight of Rhodes, in the
+reign of Edward the Confessor. Richard Johnson, a poetaster of the
+sixteenth century, published in 1607, _The Pleasant Walkes of
+Moore-fields. Being the Guift of two Sisters, now beautified, to the
+continuing fame of this worthy Citty_. 4to. black-letter, of which Mr.
+Gough, (_Brit. Topog._) who was ignorant of the above, notices an
+impression in 1617.
+
+[DK] This is certainly intended as a pun upon the names of two
+news-venders or _corranto-coiners_ of the day. Nathaniel _Butter_, the
+publisher of "_The certain Newes of this present Week_," lived at the
+_Pyde-Bull_, St. Austin's-gate, and was the proprietor of several of the
+_intelligencers_, from 1622 to about 1640. Nicholas _Bourne_ was a joint
+partner with _Butter_ in _The Sweedish Intelligencer_, 4to. _Lond._ 1632.
+
+
+
+
+xii. _Picturæ loquentes: or Pictures drawne forth in Characters. With a
+Poeme of a Maid. By Wye Saltonstall. Ne sutor ultra crepidam. London:
+Printed by T. Coles, &c. 1631. 12mo._
+
+I have copied the above title from an article in the _Censura
+Literaria_[DL], communicated by Mr. Park, of whose copious information,
+and constant accuracy on every subject connected with English literature,
+the public have many specimens before them.
+
+Saltonstall's[DM] _Characters_, &c. reached a second edition in 1635. A
+copy of this rare volume is in the possession of Mr. Douce, who, with his
+accustomed liberality, permitted my able and excellent friend, Mr. John
+James Park, to draw up the following account of it for the present volume.
+
+To "The Epistle dedicatory" of this impression, the initials (or such
+like) of dedicatee's name only are given, for, says the dedicator, "I know
+no fame can redound unto you by these meane essayes, which were written,
+_Ocium magis foventes, quam studentes gloriæ_, as sheapheards play upon
+their oaten pipes, to recreate themselves, not to get credit."
+
+"To the Reader.--Since the title is the first leafe that cometh under
+censure, some, perhaps, will dislike the name of pictures, and say, I have
+no _colour_ for it, which I confesse, for these pictures are not drawne in
+colours, but in characters, representing to the eye of the minde divers
+severall professions, which, if they appeare more obscure than I coulde
+wish, yet I would have you know that it is not the nature of a character,
+to be as smooth as a bull-rush, but to have some fast and loose knots,
+which the ingenious reader may easily untie. The first picture is the
+description of a maide, which young men may read, and from thence learn to
+know, that vertue is the truest beauty. The next follow in their order,
+being set together in this _little_ book, that in winter you may reade
+them _ad ignem_, by the fire-side, and in summer _ad umbram_, under some
+shadie tree, and therewith passe away the tedious howres. So hoping of thy
+favourable censure, knowing that the least judicious are most ready to
+judge, I expose them to thy view, with Apelles motto, _Ne sutor, ultra
+crepidam_. Lastly, whether you like them, or leave them, yet the author
+bids you welcome.
+
+                                   "Thine as mine,
+
+                                                                 W.S."
+
+_The Original Characters are_,
+
+  1. The world.
+  2. An old man.
+  3. A woman.
+  4. A widdow.
+  5. A true lover.
+  6. A countrey bride.
+  7. A plowman.
+  8. A melancholy man.
+  9. A young heire.
+  10. A scholler in the university.
+  11. A lawyer's clarke.
+  12. A townsman in Oxford.
+  13. An usurer.
+  14. A wandering rogue.
+  15. A waterman.
+  16. A shepheard.
+  17. A jealous man.
+  18. A chamberlaine.
+  19. A mayde.
+  20. A bayley.
+  21. A countrey fayre.
+  22. A countrey alehouse.
+  23. A horse-race.
+  24. A farmer's daughter.
+  25. A keeper.
+  26. A gentleman's house in the countrey.
+
+_The Additions to the second Edition are_,
+
+  27. A fine dame.
+  28. A country dame.
+  29. A gardiner.
+  30. A captaine.
+  31. A poore village.
+  32. A merry man.
+  33. A scrivener.
+  34. The tearme.
+  35. A mower.
+  36. A happy man.
+  37. An arrant knave.
+  38. An old waiting gentlewoman.
+
+
+"THE TEARME
+
+Is a time when Justice keeps open court for all commers, while her sister
+Equity strives to mitigate the rigour of her positive sentence. It is
+called the Tearme, because it does end and terminate busines, or else
+because it is the _Terminus_ ad quem, that is, the end of the countrey
+man's journey, who comes up to the Tearme, and with his hobnayle shooes
+grindes the faces of the poore stones, and so returnes againe. It is the
+soule of the yeare, and makes it quicke, which before was dead. Inkeepers
+gape for it as earnestly as shelfish doe for salt water after a low ebbe.
+It sends forth new bookes into the world, and replenishes Paul's walke
+with fresh company, where _Quid novi?_ is their first salutation, and the
+weekely newes their chiefe discourse. The tavernes are painted against the
+tearme, and many a cause is argu'd there and try'd at that barre, where
+you are adjudg'd to pay the costs and charges, and so dismist with
+'welcome gentlemen.' Now the citty puts her best side outward, and a new
+play at the Blackfryers is attended on with coaches. It keepes watermen
+from sinking and helpes them with many a fare voyage to Westminster. Your
+choyse beauties come up to it onely to see and be seene, and to learne the
+newest fashion, and for some other recreations. Now monie that has beene
+long sicke and crasie, begins to stirre and walke abroad, especially if
+some young prodigalls come to towne, who bring more money than wit.
+Lastly, the tearme is the joy of the citty, a deare friend to countrymen,
+and is never more welcome than after a long vacation."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DL] Vol. 5, p. 372. Mr. Park says that the plan of the characters was
+undoubtedly derived from that of Overbury, but, he adds, the execution is
+greatly superior. Four stanzas from the poem entitled, _A Maid_, are
+printed in the same volume.
+
+[DM] An account of the author may be found in the _Athenæ Oxon._ Vol. 1.
+col. 640.
+
+
+
+
+xiii. _London and Country corbonadoed and quartered into seuerall
+Characters. By Donald Lupton, 8vo. 1632._
+
+[See British Bibliographer, i. 464; and Brand's Sale Catalogue, page 66,
+No. 1754.]
+
+
+
+
+xiv. _Character of a Gentleman_, appended to Brathwait's _English
+Gentleman_, 4to. _London, by Felix Kyngston, &c. 1633._
+
+
+
+
+xv. "_A strange Metamorphosis of Man, transformed into a Wildernesse.
+Deciphered in Characters. London, Printed by Thomas Harper, and are to be
+sold by Lawrence Chapman at his shop in Holborne, 1634._"
+
+[12mo. containing pp. 296, not numbered.]
+
+This curious little volume has been noticed by Mr. Haslewood, in the
+_Censura Literaria_ (vii. 284.) who says, with justice, that a rich vein
+of humour and amusement runs through it, and that it is the apparent
+lucubration of a pen able to perform better things. Of the author's name I
+have been unable to procure the least intelligence.
+
+
+"THE HORSE (No. 16.)
+
+Is a creature made, as it were, in waxe. When Nature first framed him, she
+took a secret complacence in her worke. He is even her master-peece in
+irracionall things, borrowing somewhat of all things to set him forth. For
+example, his slicke bay coat hee tooke from the chesnut; his necke from
+the rainbow, which perhaps make him rain so wel. His maine belike he took
+from _Pegasus_, making him a hobbie to make this a compleat gennet[DN],
+which main he weares so curld, much after the women's fashions now adayes;
+this I am sure of howsoever, it becomes them, [and] it sets forth our
+gennet well. His legges he borrowed of the hart, with his swiftnesse,
+which makes him a true courser indeed. The starres in his forehead hee
+fetcht from heaven, which will not be much mist, there being so many. The
+little head he hath, broad breast, fat buttocke, and thicke tayle are
+properly his owne, for he knew not where to get him better. If you tell
+him of the hornes he wants to make him most compleat, he scornes the
+motion, and sets them at his heele. He is well shod especially in the
+upper leather, for as for his soles, they are much at reparation, and
+often faine to be removed. Nature seems to have spent an apprentiship of
+yeares to make you such a one, for it is full seven yeares ere hee comes
+to this perfection, and be fit for the saddle: for then (as we,) it seemes
+to come to the yeares of discretion, when he will shew a kinde of
+rationall judgement with him, and if you set an expert rider on his backe,
+you shall see how sensiblie they will talke together, as master and
+scholler. When he shall be no sooner mounted and planted in the seat with
+the reins in one hand, a switch in the other, and speaking with his
+spurres in the horse's flankes, a language he wel understands, but he
+shall prance, curvet, and dance the canaries[DO] halfe an houre together
+in compasse of a bushell, and yet still, as he thinkes, get some ground,
+shaking the goodly plume on his head with a comely pride. This will our
+Bucephalus do in the lists: but when hee comes abroad into the fields, hee
+will play the countrey gentleman as truly, as before the knight in
+turnament. If the game be up once, and the hounds in chase, you shall see
+how he will pricke up his eares streight, and tickle at the sport as much
+as his rider shall, and laugh so loud, that if there be many of them, they
+will even drowne the rurall harmony of the dogges. When he travels, of all
+innes he loves best the signe of the silver bell, because likely there he
+fares best, especially if hee come the first, and get the prize. He
+carries his eares upright, nor seldome ever lets them fall till they be
+cropt off, and after that, as in despight, will never weare them more. His
+taile is so essentiall to him, that if he loose it once hee is no longer
+an horse, but ever stiled a curtall. To conclude, he is a blade of
+Vulcan's forging, made for Mars of the best metall, and the post of Fame
+to carrie her tidings through the world, who, if he knew his own strength,
+would shrewdly put for the monarchie of our wildernesse."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DN] Mr. Steevens, in a note to Othello, explains a jennet to be a Spanish
+horse; but from the passage just given, I confess it appears to me to mean
+somewhat more. Perhaps a jennet was a horse kept solely for pleasure,
+whose mane was suffered to grow to a considerable length, and was then
+ornamented with platting, &c.--A hobby might answer to what we now term a
+_hogged_ poney.
+
+[DO] _The Canaries_ is the name of an old dance, freqnently alluded to in
+our early English plays. Shakspeare uses it in _All's well that ends
+well_--
+
+                             ----"I have seen a medicine,
+    That's able to breathe life into a stone;
+    Quicken a rock, and make you _dance canary_
+    With spritely fire and motion;"
+
+Sir John Hawkins, in his _History of Musick_, iv. 391. says that it occurs
+in the opera of _Dioclesian_, set to music by Purcell, and explains it to
+be "a very sprightly movement of two reprises, or strains, with eight bars
+in each: the time three quarters in a bar, the first pointed." I take this
+opportunity of mentioning, that among Dr. Rawlinson's MSS. in the
+Bodleian, [_Poet._ 108.] is a volume which contains a variety of figures
+of old dances, written, as I conjecture, between the years 1566 and 1580.
+Besides several others are the _pavyan_; _my Lord of Essex measures_;
+_tyntermell_; _the old allmayne_; _the longe pavian_; _quanto dyspayne_;
+_the nyne muses_, &c. As the pavian is mentioned by Shakspeare, in the
+_Merry Wives of Windsor_, and as the directions for dancing the figure
+have not been before discovered, I shall make no apology for offering them
+in the present note.
+
+
+"THE LONGE PAVIAN,
+
+ij singles, a duble forward; ij singles syde, a duble forward; rep[=i]nce
+backe once, ij singles syde, a duble forward, one single backe twyse, ij
+singles, a duble forward, ij singles syde, prerince backe once; ij singles
+syde, a duble forward, reprince backe twyse."
+
+
+
+
+xvi. _The true Character of an untrue Bishop; with a Recipe at the end how
+to recover a Bishop if hee were lost. London, printed in the yeare
+1641[DP]._
+
+[4to. pp. 10, besides title.]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DP] I have a faint recollection of a single character in a rare volume,
+entitled "_A Boulster Lecture_," &c. Lond. 1640.
+
+
+
+
+xvii. _Character of a Projector, by ---- Hogg. 4to. 1642._
+
+
+
+
+xviii. _Character of an Oxford Incendiary. Printed for Robert White in
+1643._ 4to.
+
+[Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, V. 469. edit. 1744.]
+
+
+
+
+xix. _The Reformado precisely charactered (with a frontispiece.)_
+
+[See the Sale Catalogue of George Steevens, Esq. 8vo. Lond. 1800. page 66.
+No. 1110.]
+
+
+
+
+xx. "_A new Anatomie, or Character of a Christian or Round-head.
+Expressing his Description, Excellencie, Happiness and Innocencie. Wherein
+may appear how far this blind world is mistaken in their unjust Censures
+of him. Virtus in Arduis. Proverbs xii. 26; and Jude 10_, quoted.)
+_Imprimatur John Downame. London, Printed for Robert Leybourne, and are to
+be sold at the Star, under Peter's Church in Corn-hill, 1645._ 8vo. pp.
+13.
+
+[In Ashmole's Museum.]
+
+
+
+
+xxi. In Lord North's _Forest of Varieties, London, Printed by Richard
+Cotes_, 1645, are several _Characters_, as lord Orford informs us, "in the
+manner of sir Thomas Overbury." _Royal and Noble Authors_, iii. 82. Of
+this volume a second edition appeared in 1659, neither of these, however,
+I have been able to meet with. For some account of the work, with
+extracts, see Brydges' _Memoirs of the Peers of England_, 8vo. _London._
+1802. page 343.
+
+
+
+
+xxii. _Characters and Elegies[DQ]. By Francis Wortley, Knight and Baronet.
+Printed in the yeere 1646._" 4to.
+
+The characters are as follow:
+
+1. The character of his royall majestie; 2. The character of the queene's
+majestie; 3. The hopeful prince; 4. A true character of the illustrious
+James Duke of York; 5. The character of a noble general; 6. A true English
+protestant; 7. An antinomian, or anabaptisticall independent; 8. A
+jesuite; 9. The true character of a northerne lady, as she is wife,
+mother, and sister; 10. The politique neuter; 11. The citie paragon; 12. A
+sharking committee-man; 13. Britanicus his pedigree--a fatall prediction
+of his end; 14. The Phoenix of the Court.
+
+_Britanicus his Pedigree--a fatall Prediction of his End._
+
+I dare affirme him a Jew by descent, and of the tribe of Benjamin,
+lineally descended from the first King of the Jewes, even Saul, or at best
+he ownes him and his tribe, in most we reade of them. First, of our
+English tribes, I conceive his father's the lowest, and the meanest of
+that tribe, stocke, or generation, and the worst, how bad soever they be;
+melancholy he is, as appeares by his sullen and dogged wit; malicious as
+Saul to David, as is evident in his writings; he wants but Saul's javelin
+to cast at him; he as little spares the king's friends with his pen, as
+Saul did Jonathan his sonne in his reproach; and would be as free of his
+javelin as his pen, were his power sutable to his will, as Ziba did to
+Mephibosheth, so does he by the king, he belies him as much to the world,
+as he his master to David, and in the day of adversitie is as free of his
+tongue as Shimei was to his soveraigne, and would be as humble as he, and
+as forward to meet the king as he was David, should the king returne in
+peace. Abithaes there cannot want to cut off the dog's head, but David is
+more mercifull then Shimei can be wicked; may he first consult with the
+witch of Endor, but not worthy of so noble a death as his own sword, die
+the death of Achitophel for feare of David, then may he be hang'd up as
+the sonnes of Saul were against the sunne, or rather as the Amelekites who
+slew Isbosheth, and brought tidings and the tokens of the treason to
+David; may his hands and his feet be as sacrifices cut off, and so pay for
+the treasons of his pen and tongue; may all heads that plot treasons, all
+tongues that speake them, all pens that write them, be so punisht. If
+Sheba paid his head for his tongue's fault, what deserves Britannicus to
+pay for his pen and trumpet? Is there never a wise woman in London? we
+have Abishaes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Francis Wortley, was the son of Sir Richard Wortley, of Wortley, in
+Yorkshire, knight. At the age of seventeen he became a commoner of
+Magdalen College, Oxford; in 1610 he was knighted, and on the 29th of June
+in the following year, was created a baronet; being then, as Wood says,
+esteemed an ingenious gentleman. During the civil wars he assisted the
+royal cause, by raising a troop of horse in the king's service; but at
+their conclusion he was taken prisoner, and confined in the tower of
+London, where it seems he composed the volume just noticed. In the
+_Catalogue of Compounders_ his name appears as "of Carleton, Yorkshire,"
+and from thence we learn that he paid 500_l._ for his remaining property.
+In the _Athenæ Oxonienses_ may be found a list of his works, but I have
+been unable to trace the date of his decease. Mr. Granger says that "Anne,
+his daughter, married the second son of the first Earl of Sandwich, who
+took the name of Wortley," and adds that the late Countess of Bute was
+descended from him. _Biographical History_, ii. 310.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DQ] The Elegies, according to Wood, are upon the loyalists who lost their
+lives in the king's service, at the end of which are epitaphs.
+
+
+
+
+xxiii. _The Times anatomiz'd, in severall Characters. By T. F_[ord,
+seruant to Mr. Sam. Man[DR].] _Difficile est Satyram non scribere. Juv.
+Sat. 1. London, Printed for W. L. Anno 1647._"
+
+[12mo. in the British Museum.]
+
+_The Contents of the severall Characters._
+
+  1. A good king.
+  2. Rebelion.
+  3. An honest subject.
+  4. An hypocritical convert of the times.
+  5. A souldier of fortune.
+  6. A discontented person.
+  7. An ambitious man.
+  8. The vulgar.
+  9. Errour.
+  10. Truth.
+  11. A selfe-seeker.
+  12. Pamphlets.
+  13. An envious man.
+  14. True valour.
+  15. Time.
+  16. A newter.
+  17. A turn-coat.
+  18. A moderate man.
+  19. A corrupt committee-man.
+  20. A sectary.
+  21. Warre.
+  22. Peace.
+  23. A drunkard.
+  24. A novice-preacher.
+  25. A scandalous preacher.
+  26. A grave divine.
+  27. A selfe-conceited man.
+  29. Religion.
+  30. Death.
+
+
+"PAMPHLETS
+
+Are the weekly almanacks, shewing what weather is in the state, which,
+like the doves of Aleppo, carry news to every part of the kingdom. They
+are the silent traytors that affront majesty, and abuse all authority,
+under the colour of an _Imprimatur_. Ubiquitary flies that have of late so
+blistered the eares of all men, that they cannot endure any solid truth.
+The ecchoes, whereby what is done in part of the kingdome, is heard all
+over. They are like the mushromes, sprung up in a night, and dead in a
+day; and such is the greedinesse of men's natures (in these Athenian
+dayes) of new, that they will rather feigne then want it."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DR] (MS. interlineation in a copy among the King's pamphlets.)
+
+
+
+
+xxiv. _Character of a London Diurnal_, 4to. 1647. [This was written by
+Cleveland, and has been printed in the various editions of his poems.]
+
+
+
+
+xxv. _Character of an Agitator. Printed in the Yeare 1647. 4to. pp. 7._
+
+This concludes with the following epitome--"Hee was begotten of Lilburne
+(with Overton's helpe) in Newgate, nursed up by Cromwell, at first by the
+army, tutored by Mr. Peters, counselled by Mr. Walwin and Musgarve,
+patronised by Mr. Martin, (who sometimes sits in counsell with them,
+though a member) and is like to dye no where but at Tyburne, and that
+speedily, if hee repent not and reforme his erronious judgement, and his
+seditious treasonable practises against king, parliament, and martiall
+discipline itselfe. Finis."
+
+
+
+
+xxvi. In Mr. Brand's Sale Catalogue, No. 1754, we have _The Surfeit to
+A.B.C._ 8vo. Lond. 1656, which is there represented to consist of
+_Characters_.
+
+
+
+
+xxvii. _Characters of a Temporizer and an Antiquary._ [In "_Naps upon
+Parnassus_," 8vo. 1658. See the Censura Literaria, vol. vi. p. 225; vol.
+vii. p. 341.]
+
+
+
+
+xxviii. _Satyrical Characters, and handsom Descriptions, in Letters_, 8vo.
+1658. [Catalogue of Thomas Britton the Small Coal Man, 4to, p. 19. No.
+102.]
+
+
+
+
+xxix. _A Character of England, as it was lately presented in a Letter to a
+Noble-man of France. With Reflections upon Gallus Castratus. The third
+Edition. London. Printed for John Crooke, and are to be sold at the Ship
+in St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1659._
+
+(12mo. pp. 66, title and preface 20 more.)
+
+This very severe satire upon the English nation was replied to in the
+following publication.
+
+
+
+
+xxx. _A Character of France, to which is added Gallus Castratus, or an
+Answer to a late slanderous Pamphlet, called the Character of England. Si
+talia nefanda et facinora quis non Democritus? London, Printed for Nath.
+Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1659._
+
+
+
+
+xxxi. _A perfect Description of the People and Country of Scotland.
+London. Printed for J. S. 1659._
+
+(12mo. pp. 21. besides the title.)
+
+
+
+
+xxxii. _A brief Character of the Low Countries under the States, being
+Three Weeks Observation of the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants. Non
+seria semper. London, printed for H. S. and are to be sold by H. Lowndes,
+at the White Lion in St. Paul's Church Yard, neer the little North Door,
+1659._
+
+(12mo. pp. 500. title, &c. 6 more.)
+
+Written by Owen Feltham, and appended to the several folio editions of his
+_Resolves_.
+
+
+
+
+xxxiii. _The Character of Italy: Or, The Italian Anatomiz'd by an English
+Chirurgion. Difficile est Satyram non scribere. London: Printed for Nath.
+Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhil. 1660._
+
+[12mo. pp. 93, title and preface 12 more.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxiv. _The Character of Spain: Or, An Epitome of Their Virtues and
+Vices._
+
+    ---- _Adeo sunt multa, loquacem
+    Ut lassare queant Fabium._
+
+_London: Printed for Nath. Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhil. 1660._
+
+[12mo. pp. 93, title, &c. 12 more.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxv. _Essayes and Characters, by L. G._ 8vo. 1661.
+
+[See Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, No. 1754.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxvi. _The Assembly-man. Written in the Year 1647. London: Printed for
+Richard Marriot, and are to be sold at his shop under St. Dunstan's
+Church, in Fleet-street, 1662-3[DS]._
+
+[4to. pp. 22.]
+
+Sir John Birkenhead was the author of this character, which was printed
+again in 1681, and in 1704 with the following title, "_The Assembly-man.
+Written in the Year 1647; but proves the true character of (Cerberus) the
+observator_, MDCCIV." It was also reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_,
+v. 93. For an account of the author, see the _Biographia Britannica_,
+edit. Kippis, ii. 324.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DS] With a very curious and rare frontispiece.
+
+
+
+
+xxxvii. _Fifty-five[DT] Enigmatical Characters, all very exactly drawn to
+the Life, from several Persons, Humours, Dispositions. Pleasant and full
+of Delight. By R. F. Esq.; London: Printed for William Crook, at the sign
+of the Three Bibles on Fleet-bridge. 1665[DU]._"
+
+[8vo. pp. 135, title, index, &c. not numbered, 11 more.]
+
+Richard Flecknoe, the author of these characters, is more known from
+having his name affixed to one of the severest satires ever written by
+Dryden, than from any excellence of his own as a poet or dramatic writer.
+Mr. Reed conceives him to have been a Jesuit, and Pope terms him an Irish
+priest. Langbaine says, that "his acquaintance with the nobility was more
+than with the muses, and he had a greater propensity to rhyming, than a
+genius to poetry." As a proof of the former assertion the Duke of
+Newcastle prefixed two copies of verses to his characters, in which he
+calls Flecknoe "his worthy friend," and says:
+
+    "Flecknoe, thy characters are so full of wit
+    And fancy, as each word is throng'd with it.
+    Each line's a volume, and who reads would swear
+    Whole libraries were in each character.
+    Nor arrows in a quiver stuck, nor yet
+    Lights in the starry skies are thicker set,
+    Nor quills upon the armed porcupine,
+    Than wit and fancy in this work of thine.
+
+    W. Newcastle."
+
+To confirm the latter, requires only the perusal of his verses, which were
+published in 1653, under the title of _Miscellania_. Besides these, he
+wrote five[DV] dramatic pieces, the titles of which may be found in the
+_Biographia Dramatica_; a collection of _Epigrams_, 8vo. 1670; _Ten Years
+Travels in Europe.--A short Discourse of the English Stage_, affixed to
+_Love's Dominion_, 8vo. 1654; _The Idea of his Highness Oliver, late Lord
+Protector, &c._ 8vo. 1659. &c. &c.[DW]
+
+
+"CHARACTER OF A VALIANT MAN."--(page 61.)
+
+"He is onely a man; your coward and rash being but tame and savage beasts.
+His courage is still the same, and drink cannot make him more valiant, nor
+danger lesse. His valour is enough to leaven whole armies, he is an army
+himself worth an army of other men. His sword is not alwayes out like
+children's daggers, but he is alwayes last in beginning quarrels, though
+first in ending them. He holds honour (though delicate as chrystall) yet
+not so slight and brittle to be broak and crackt with every touch;
+therefore (though most wary of it,) is not querilous nor punctilious. He
+is never troubled with passion, as knowing no degree beyond clear courage,
+and is alwayes valiant, but never furious. He is the more gentle i' th'
+chamber, more fierce he's in the field, holding boast (the coward's
+valour,) and cruelty (the beast's,) unworthy a valiant man. He is only
+coward in this, that he dares not do an unhandsome action. In fine, he can
+onely be evercome by discourtesie, and has but one deffect--he cannot talk
+much--to recompence which he dos the more."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DT] I omit to particularize these characters, as many of the titles are
+extremely long--"of a lady of excellent conversation. Of one that is the
+foyle of good conversation." &c. &c.
+
+[DU] Mr. Reed possessed a copy, dated in 1658. See his _Catalogue_, No.
+2098.
+
+[DV] Langbaine notices a prologue intended for a play, called _The
+Physician against his Will_, which he thinks was never published. A MS.
+note in my copy of the _Dramatic Poets_, says it was printed in 1712.
+
+[DW] The Bodleian library contains "_The Affections of a pious Soule, unto
+our Saviour-Christ. Expressed in a mixed treatise of verse and prose. By
+Richard Flecknoe._" 8vo. 1640. This I can scarcely consent to give to
+_Mac_ Flecknoe, as in the address "To the Town Reader," the author informs
+us that, "ashamed of the many idle hours he has spent, and to avoid the
+expence of more, he has retired from the town"--and we are certain that
+_Mac_ resided there long after.
+
+
+
+
+xxxviii. _The Character of a Coffee-house, with the symptoms of a
+Town-witt. With Allowance. April 11, 1673. London, Printed for Jonathan
+Edwin, at the Three Roses in Ludgate-street, 1673._
+
+[Folio, reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, with an answer to it, vol.
+vi. 429-433.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxix. _Essays of Love and Marriage: Being Letters written by two
+Gentlemen, one dissuading from Love, the other an Answer thereunto. With
+some Characters, and other Passages of Wit._
+
+    ---- _Si quando gravabere curis,
+    Hæc lege, pro moestæ medicamine mentis habeto._
+
+_London, Printed for H. Brome, at the Gun in St. Paul's Church-yard,
+1673._
+
+[12mo. pp. 103, title, &c. 4 more.]
+
+
+
+
+xl. _The Character of a Fanatick. By a Person of Quality. London. 1675._
+
+[4to. pp. 8. Reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, vii. 596.]
+
+  xli. _Character of a Towne Gallant  }
+  of a Towne Miss                       }
+  of an honest drunken Curr             }
+  of a pilfering Taylor                 }
+  of an Exchange Wench                  }
+  of a Sollicitor                       } 1675.
+  of a Scold                            }
+  of an ill Husband                     }
+  of a Dutchman                         }
+  of a Pawnbroker                       }
+  of a Tally Man_                    }
+
+[4to. See _Sale Catalogue_ of George Steevens, Esq. 8vo. London, 1800,
+page 66, No. 1110.]
+
+
+
+
+xlii. _A Whip for a Jockey: or, a Character of an Horse-courser. 1677.
+London, Printed for R. H. 1677._
+
+[8vo. pp. 29.]
+
+
+
+
+xliii. _Four for a Penny, or Poor Robin's Character of an unconscionable
+Pawnbroker, and Ear-mark of an oppressing Tally-man; with a friendly
+Description of a Bum-bailey, and his merciless setting cur, or follower.
+With Allowance. London, Printed for L. C. 1678._
+
+[4to. reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, vol. iv. p. 141.]
+
+
+
+
+xliv. _Character of an ugly Woman: or, a Hue and Cry after Beauty_, in
+prose, written (by the Duke of Buckingham) in 1678. See Lord Orford's
+_Royal and Noble Authors_, by Park, iii. 309.
+
+
+
+
+xlv. _Character of a disbanded Courtier. Ingenium Galbæ male habitat.
+1681._
+
+[Folio, pp. 2. Reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, i. 356.]
+
+
+
+
+xlvi. _Character of a certain ugly old P----. London, Printed in the Year
+1684._
+
+[In Oldham's _Works_, 8vo. London, 1684.]
+
+
+
+
+xlvii. _Twelve ingenious Characters: or pleasant Descriptions of the
+Properties of sundry Persons and Things, viz._
+
+_An importunate dunn; a serjeant or bailiff; a paunbroker; a prison; a
+tavern; a scold; a bad husband; a town-fop; a bawd; a fair and happy
+milk-maid; the quack's directory; a young enamourist._
+
+_Licensed, June the 2d, 1681. R. P. London, printed for S. Norris, and are
+to be sold by most booksellers, 1686._
+
+[12mo. pp. 48.]
+
+
+
+
+xlviii. _Character of a Trimmer. By Sir William Coventry. 1689._
+
+[4to. See _Bibliotheca Harleiana_, v. 4278.]
+
+This was written long before publication, as is proved by the following.
+
+
+
+
+xlix. _Character of a Tory in 1659, in answer to that of a Trimmer (never
+published) both written in King Charles's reign._
+
+[Reprinted in the _Works of George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham_.
+4to. Lond. 1721.]
+
+
+
+
+l. _Characters addressed to Ladies of Age._ 8vo. _Lond._ 1689.
+
+[Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, p. 66, No. 1747.]
+
+
+
+
+li. _The Ceremony-monger, his Character, in six Chapters, &c. &c. By E.
+Hickeringill, Rector of the Rectory of All-Saints, in Colchester. London,
+Printed and are to be sold by George Larkin, at the Two Swans, without
+Bishopsgate. 1689._
+
+[4to. pp. 66.]
+
+
+
+
+lii. _Character of a Jacobite. 1690._
+
+[4to. See _Bibl. Harl._ v. No. 4279.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following are without date, but were probably printed before 1700[DX].
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DX] In Butler's _Remains_, published by Thyer, 2 vols. 8vo. 1759, are
+several _Characters_ by the author of _Hudibras_, and consequently written
+previously to this date, but as they do not appear to have been printed so
+early, they cannot, with propriety, be included in this list.
+
+
+
+
+liii. _Character of an Ill-court-favourite, translated from the French._
+
+[4to. reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, ii. 50.]
+
+
+
+
+liv. _Character of an honest and worthy Parliament-Man._
+
+[Folio, reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, ii. 336.]
+
+
+
+
+lv. _Characterism, or the Modern Age displayed._
+
+[Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, No. 1757.]
+
+
+_Character of the Presbyterian Pastors and People of Scotland._
+
+[_Bibl. Harleiana_, v. No. 4280.]
+
+
+
+
+vii. _Character of a compleat Physician or Naturalist[DY]._
+
+[_Bibl. Harleiana_, v. No. 4304.]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DY] In the extracts made from the foregoing series of _Characters_, the
+original orthography has been most scrupulously attended to, in order to
+assist in shewing the progress and variation of the English language.
+
+
+
+
+ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.
+
+
+    Page 2, line 18, for _ports_ read _sports_.
+
+    4, line 9, "_table-book._" The custom of writing in
+    table-books, or, as it was then expressed, "in tables,"
+    is noticed, and instances given in Reed's _Shakspeare_,
+    vi, 13. xii, 170. xviii, 88. Dr. Farmer adduces a
+    passage very applicable to the text, from Hall's
+    character of the _hypocrite_. "He will ever sit where he
+    may be seene best, and in the midst of the sermon pulles
+    out his _tables_ in haste, as if he feared to loose that
+    note," &c. Decker, in his _Guls Hornebooke_, page 8,
+    speaking to his readers, says, "out with your _tables_,"
+    &c.
+
+    6, note 6.--This is also mentioned in _Whimzies_, 8vo.
+    1631, p. 57. "Hee must now betake himself to prayer and
+    devotion; _remember the founder, benefactors, head, and
+    members of that famous foundation_: all which he
+    performes with as much zeale as an actor after the end
+    of a play, when hee prayes for his majestie, the lords
+    of his most honourable privie councell, and all that
+    love the king."
+
+    13, note 10.--From a subsequent edition, obligingly
+    pointed out to me by the rev. Mr. arch-deacon Nares, I
+    find that this also is a translation: _Regimen Sanitatis
+    Salerni. This booke teachyng all people to gouerne the
+    in health, is translated out of the Latine tongue into
+    Englishe, by Thomas Paynell, whiche booke is amended,
+    augmented, and diligently imprinted. 1575._ Colophon. ¶
+    _Jmprynted at London, by Wyllyam How, for Abraham
+    Ueale._ The preface says, that it was compiled for the
+    use "of the moste noble and victorious kynge of England,
+    and of Fraunce, by all the doctours in Phisicke of the
+    Uniuersitie of Salerne."
+
+    17, line 17, "_door-posts_."--It was usual for public
+    officers to have painted or gilded posts at their doors,
+    on which proclamations, and other documents of that
+    description, were placed, in order to be read by the
+    populace. See various allusions to this custom, in
+    Reed's _Shakspeare_, v. 267. _Old Plays_, iii. 303. The
+    _reformation_ means that they were, in the language of
+    our modern churchwardens, "repaired and beautified,"
+    during the reign of our alderman.
+
+    45, line 11, for _Gollobelgicus_ read _Gallobelgicus_.
+
+    47, line 15. "_post and pair_" was a game at cards, of
+    which I can give no description. The author of the
+    _Compleat Gamester_ notices it as "very much played in
+    the West of England." See Dodsley's _Old Plays_, 1780.
+    vii. 296.
+
+    48, line 12--"_guarded with more gold lace_." The word
+    _guarded_ is continually used by the writers of the
+    sixteenth century for _fringed_ or _adorned_. See Reed's
+    _Shakspeare_, vii. 272. _Old Plays_, iv. 36.
+
+    59, line 15, "_clout_." Shakspeare (Cymbeline, act iv.
+    scene 2.) uses the expression of _clouted brogues_,
+    which Mr. Steevens explains to be "shoes strengthened
+    with _clout_ or _hob-nails_."
+
+    63, line 9, "_dragon that pursued the woman._" Evidently
+    an allusion to _Revelations_, xii. 15.
+
+    91, note 8, line 15, for _Styla_ read _Hyla_ in both
+    instances.
+
+    92, note 10, line 5, for _Leiden_ read _Leyden_.
+
+    117, line 3, "Their humanity is a _leg to the
+    residencer_." A _leg_ here signifies a _bow_. Decker
+    says, "a jewe neuer weares his cap threedbare with
+    putting it off; neuer bends i' th' hammes with _casting
+    away a leg_, &c." _Guls Hornebooke._ p. 11.
+
+    182, note 1, for _spunge_ read _sponge_.
+
+    208, line 4, for _spera_ read _spero_.
+
+    ib. line 30, for _conjesta_ read _congesta_.
+
+    ib. line 31, for _susuperavit_ read _superavit_.
+
+    231, line 11, for _Jude_ read _Inde_: for _ferucat_ read
+    _ferueat_.
+
+    245, line 7, for _whosc_ read _whose_.
+
+Several errors and inaccuracies of less consequence than those here
+pointed out, will probably be discovered. These were occasioned by the
+editor's distance from the press, and he requests the gentle reader to
+pardon and correct them.
+
+[Transcriber's note:
+Despite a valiant effort to the contrary some additional transcription
+errors may have slipped through during the preparation of this e-text.
+We can't blame the distance between the editor and the press.
+Please forward any corrections to Project Gutenberg errata.]
+
+
+The _Inscription_, No. x. of the _Appendix_, should have been entirely
+omitted. The following extract from Guillim's _Heraldry_, shews that
+Bishop Earle could not have been connected with the Streglethorp family,
+since, if he had, there would have been no occasion for a new grant of
+armorial bearings.
+
+    "He beareth _ermine_, on a chief indented sable, three
+    eastern crowns or, by the name of _Earles_. This coat
+    was granted by _Sir Edward Walker_, garter, the 1st of
+    August, 1660, to the Reverend Dr. _John Earles_, son of
+    _Thomas Earles_, gent, sometime Register of the
+    Archbishop's Court at York. He was Dean of
+    _Westminster_, and Clerk of the Closet to his Majesty
+    King _Charles_ the Second; and in the year 1663, made
+    Bishop of _Salisbury_."
+
+    Guillim's _Heraldry_, folio. Lond. 1724. p. 282.
+
+It is almost unnecessary to add that I was not aware of this grant, when I
+compiled the short account of Earle, at page 186, and spoke of my
+inability to give any information relative to his parents.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+  Abishaes, 266.
+
+  Abithaes, 266.
+
+  Abraham-man, 221.
+
+  Achitophel, 266.
+
+  Acquaintance, Character of, 144.
+
+  Aeneas, 147.
+
+  Affected man, character of, 169.
+
+  _Affections of a pious Soule_, by Richard Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Alderman, character of, 16.
+
+  Aleppo, 268.
+
+  Alexis of Piedmont, 12.
+
+  Alfred, king, 4.
+
+  Allmayne, 262.
+
+  _All's well that ends well_, by Shakspeare, 262.
+
+  Allot, Robert, li.
+
+  Almanack in the bones, 37.
+
+  Alresford, Hampshire, 211.
+
+  Ames, Mr. lx, 220, 228.
+
+  Amsterdam, 90.
+
+  _Anatomy of Melancholly_, by Burton, 46, 73, 228.
+
+  Angglear, 221.
+
+  Antem-morte, 222.
+
+  Antiquary, character of, 20.
+
+  Aristophanes, 205.
+
+  Aristotle, 9, 30.
+
+  Arminian, 30.
+
+  Arminius, 114.
+
+  Ashmole's Museum, Oxford, 198, 264.
+
+  Atkinson, Mr. 211.
+
+  Atkyns, Sir Robert, 40.
+
+  _Athenæ Oxonienses_, by Wood, l, 212, 257, 267.
+
+  Attorney, character of, 93.
+
+  Austin, 113.
+
+  Awdeley, John, 228.
+
+
+  Baal, priests of, 87.
+
+  Babel, tower of, 21, 104.
+
+  Bagster, Richard, 213.
+
+  Baker, character of a, 111.
+
+  Bales, Peter, 5.
+
+  Bardolph, 105.
+
+  Barnes, John, 74.
+
+  Barnes, Juliana, 50.
+
+  Barrington, Daines, 32.
+
+  Barton, Elizabeth, 109.
+
+  Barwick, Dr. 191. _Life of_, 191.
+
+  Bawdy-basket, 222.
+
+  Bayle, 91.
+
+  Beaumont, Francis, 197, 203, 204, 205.
+
+  _Beau's Duel_, by Mrs. Centlivre, 82.
+
+  Bedford, Earl of, 12.
+
+  Bellarmine, Cardinal, 6, 90.
+
+  _Belman of London_, by Decker, 221.
+    Copy, with Burton's MS. notes, 228.
+
+  Benar, 227.
+
+  Bene, 225.
+
+  Benjamin, 265.
+
+  Benjamin's mess, 109.
+
+  Bessus, 205.
+
+  Bethlem, 249.
+
+  _Bible_, printed at Geneva, 3.
+
+  _Bibliographia Poetica_, by Ritson, 237.
+
+  _Bibliotheca Harleiana_, 276, 277, 278.
+
+  _Biographia Britannica_, 271.
+
+  _Biographia Dramatica_, 272.
+
+  Birkenhead, Sir John, 271.
+
+  Bishopstone, 188, 190.
+
+  Blackfriar's, play at, 259.
+
+  Blomefield's _History of Norfolk_, 217.
+
+  Blount, Edward, xlix, l, li, lx.
+
+  Blount, Ralph, lx.
+
+  Blunt man, character of, 119.
+
+  Bobadil, 105.
+
+  Bodleian Library, Oxford, 73, 198, 199, 228, 231, 262, 273.
+
+  _Boke of hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshinge_, 50.
+
+  Bold forward man, character of, 108.
+
+  Bong, 227.
+
+  Books, mode of placing them in old libraries, 66.
+
+  Bord, 226.
+
+  Borgia, 79.
+
+  Bouge, 225.
+
+  _Boulster, Lecture_, 263.
+
+  Bourne, Nicholas, 255.
+
+  Bouse, 225, 226.
+
+  Bousing-ken, 227.
+
+  Bowl-alley, character of, 76.
+
+  Brachigraphy, 5.
+
+  Brand, Mr. 230, 260, 269, 271, 277, 278.
+
+  Bread used in England in the sixteenth century, 47.
+
+  Breeches, 3.
+
+  Breton, captain, 237.
+
+  Breton, Nicholas, 14, 198, 236, 237.
+    _Life of_, 237
+
+  _Breton's Longing_, 237.
+
+  Bridewell, 249.
+
+  Britannicus, his pedigree, 265.
+
+  _British Bibliographer_, by Brydges, 228, 260.
+
+  British Museum, li, 267.
+
+  _British Topography_, by Gough, an addition to, 253.
+
+  Britton, Thomas, 269.
+
+  Brownist, 87.
+
+  Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, 228, 237, 264.
+
+  Bucephalus, 262.
+
+  Bukingham, duke of, 199, 276, 277.
+
+  Bullen, earl of, 163.
+
+  Burford, Oxfordshire, 211.
+
+  Burroughs, Sir John, 197.
+    _Lines on_, 199, 200.
+
+  Burton, Robert, 46, 73, 228.
+
+  Butler, Samuel, 277.
+
+  Butter, Nathaniel, 255.
+
+  Buttery, 127.
+
+  Byng, 227.
+
+
+  C. F. 232.
+
+
+  Caeling cheat, 226.
+
+  Cæsar, 20.
+
+  Cæsars, the, 124.
+
+  Calais sands, 81, 82.
+
+  Cambridge, 161.
+
+  Camden, 72.
+
+  Canaries, a dance, 262.
+
+  Canary, 36, 37.
+
+  Cant phrases, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227.
+
+  Capel, Mr. 229.
+
+  Carrier, character of a, 40.
+
+  Carte, 199.
+
+  Casaubon, 114.
+
+  Cassan, 226.
+
+  Cassel, siege of, 28.
+
+  _Catalogue of Compounders for their Estates_, 266.
+
+  Cato, 62, 154.
+
+  _Caveat for Commen Cursetors_, 219.
+
+  _Censura Literaria_, 229, 236, 237, 256, 260, 269.
+
+  Centlivre, Mrs. 82.
+
+  Centoes, 72.
+
+  _Century of Inventions_, by the Marquis of Worcester, 33.
+
+  Cerberus, 271.
+
+  Chalmers, Mr. 46.
+
+  Cham, 136.
+
+  Chandler, R. lii.
+
+  _Character of an agitator_, 268.
+
+  _Character of an antiquary_, 269.
+
+  _Character of an assemblyman_, 271.
+
+  _Character of an untrue bishop_, 263.
+
+  _Character of a ceremony-monger_, 277.
+
+  _Character of a coffee-house_, 274.
+
+  _Character of a disbanded courtier_, 276.
+
+  _Character of an ill-court-favourite_, 277.
+
+  _Character of an honest drunken cur_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a Dutchman_, 275.
+
+  _Character of England_, 269.
+
+  _Character of an exchange-wench_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a fanatic_, 274.
+
+  _Character of France_, 269.
+
+  _Character of a town-gallant_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a horse-courser_, 275.
+
+  _Character of an ill husband_, 275.
+
+  _Character of the hypocrite_, 279.
+
+  _Character of a Jacobite_, 277.
+
+  _Character of Italy_, 270.
+
+  _Character of a London diurnal_, 268.
+
+  _Character of the Low Countries_, 270.
+
+  _Character of an Oxford incendiary_, 263.
+
+  _Character of a certain ugly old P----_, 276.
+
+  _Character of an honest and worthy parliament man_, 278.
+
+  _Character of a pawn-broker_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a complete physician, or naturalist_, 278.
+
+  _Character of the Presbyterian pastors and people of Scotland_, 278.
+
+  _Character of a projector_, 263.
+
+  _Character of a scold_, 275.
+
+  _Character of Scotland_, 270.
+
+  _Character of a solicitor_, 275.
+
+  _Character of Spain_, 270.
+
+  _Character of a tally-man_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a pilfering taylor_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a temporizer_, 269.
+
+  _Character of a tory_, 277.
+
+  _Character of a town miss_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a trimmer_, 276.
+
+  _Character of an ugly woman_, 276.
+
+  Characters: List of books containing characters, 219.
+
+  Characters, by Butler, 277.
+
+  _Characters and Elegies_, by Wortley, 265.
+
+  _Characters upon Essaies_, 236.
+
+  _Characters addressed to Ladies_, 277.
+
+  _Characters of virtues and vices, by bishop Hall_, 248.
+
+  _Characterism, or the modern age displayed_, 278.
+
+  _Characters, twelve ingenious; or pleasant descriptions_, 276.
+
+  Charles I. 190, 191, 193, 218, 277.
+
+  Charles II. 190, 191, 193, 207, 282.
+
+  Charles, Prince, 189.
+
+  Chates, 227.
+
+  Chaucer, 12, 99, 137, 206.
+
+  Cheap, cross in, 163.
+
+  Chess-play, verses on, by Breton, 240.
+
+  Chete, 226.
+
+  Child, character of, 1.
+
+  Christ-church, Oxford, 187, 191.
+
+  Christmas, 150.
+
+  Chuck, 162.
+
+  Church-papist, character of, 27.
+
+  _Cinthia's Revenge_, by Stephens, 231.
+
+  Citizen, character of a mere gull, 160.
+
+  _City Match_, by Mayne, 85, 105.
+
+  Clarendon, Lord, 189, 191.
+    His character of Earle, 194.
+
+  _Clerke's Tale_, by Chaucer, 137.
+
+  Cleveland, 268.
+
+  Cliff, Lord, 37.
+
+  Clitus-Alexandrinus, 251.
+
+  Clout, 59, 281.
+
+  Clye, 227.
+
+  Cocke, J. 235.
+
+  Cocke Lorell, 228.
+
+  _Cocke Lorelles Bote_, 228.
+
+  Cofe, 225, 227.
+
+  Colchester, 277.
+
+  College butler, character of, 45.
+
+  Comments on books, 124.
+
+  _Compleat gamester_, 280.
+
+  Complimental man, character of, 147.
+
+  Conceited man, character of, 29.
+
+  _Conceited pedlar_, by Randolph, 161.
+
+  Constable, character of, 53.
+
+  Constantinople, 28.
+
+  Contemplative man, character of, 82.
+
+  Cook, character of a, 106.
+
+  Cooper, Mrs. 237.
+
+  Corranto-coiner, character of, 252.
+
+  Couched, 225.
+
+  Coventry, Sir William, 276.
+
+  Councellor, character of a worthy, 238.
+
+  Councellor, character of an unworthy, 238.
+
+  Counterfet cranke, 222.
+
+  Country knight, character of, 48.
+
+  Courtier, character of, 230.
+
+  Coward, character of, 173.
+
+  Cowardliness, essay on, in verse, 232.
+
+  Coxeter, 231.
+
+  Cranke, 222.
+
+  Cressey, Hugh, his character of Earle, 196.
+
+  Cramprings, 227.
+
+  Crimchan, 253.
+
+  Critic, character of, 123.
+
+  Cromwell, 268.
+
+  Crooke, Andrew, lii.
+
+  Cuffen, 226.
+
+  Cupid, 230.
+
+  _Cure for the itch_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Cut, 225, 227.
+
+
+  Dallison, Maximilian, 238.
+
+  Dances, old, 262.
+
+  Danet, Thomas, 232.
+
+  Danvers, Lord, 211.
+
+  Darius, 107.
+
+  Darkemans, 225.
+
+  David, 265, 266.
+
+  Davies of Hereford, 229.
+
+  Dear year, 175.
+
+  Deboshments, 181.
+
+  Decker, 33, 34, 98, 221, 279, 281.
+
+  Dele, 222.
+
+  Demaunder for glymmar, 222.
+
+  Demetrius, Charles, 73.
+
+  Denny, Lord Edward, 249.
+
+  _Description of unthankfulnesse_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  Detractor, character of a, 63.
+
+  Deuseauyel, 227.
+
+  Digby, Sir Kenelm, 15.
+
+  Dinascoso, 224.
+
+  Dining in Pauls, 105.
+
+  Dinners given by the sheriff, 39.
+
+  Dioclesian, 262.
+
+  Discontented man, character of, 18.
+
+  _Discourse of the English stage_, by Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Divine, character of a grave, 8.
+
+  Dole, 111.
+
+  Dommerar, 222.
+
+  Door-posts, 17, 280.
+
+  Douce, Mr. 257.
+
+  Doves of Aleppo, 268.
+
+  Doxe, 222.
+
+  Dragon that pursued the woman, 63.
+
+  _Dramatic Poets_, by Langbaine, xlix.
+
+  Drugger, 14.
+
+  Drunkard, character of, 136.
+
+  Dryden, 272.
+
+  Dudes, 227.
+
+  Dunton, John, 131.
+
+  Duppa, Dr. 189.
+
+  Dutchmen, their love for rotten cheese, 20.
+
+
+  Earle, Bishop, xlviii, l, lii:
+    Life of, 186, &c.
+    Characters of, 194, 195, 196, 282:
+    list of his works, 197:
+    name of Earle, lvii.
+
+  Earle, Sir Richard, 218.
+
+  Earle, Thomas, 282.
+
+  Earthquake in Germany, 73.
+
+  _Ecclesiastical Polity_, by Hooker, 190, 193, 197,
+    translated into Latin, 190.
+
+  Edward I. 163.
+
+  Effeminate fool, character of, 239.
+
+  [Greek: Eikôn Basilikê] 190, 193, 197,
+    dedication to the Latin translation, 207.
+
+  Eleven of the clock, 39.
+
+  Elizabeth, queen, 20, 39, 103, 163.
+
+  Ellinor, queen, 163.
+
+  Ellis, 237.
+
+  Ellis, Henry, li.
+
+  Empty wit, character of an, 134.
+
+  Endor, witch of, 266.
+
+  England, 96, 116.
+
+  _England's selected characters_, 236.
+
+  _English Gentleman_, by Brathwait, 260.
+
+  _Epigrams_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  _Epigrams_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Esau, 22.
+
+  _Essayes and Characters_, by L. G. 271.
+
+  _Essays and characters of a prison_, by Mynshul, 138, 243.
+
+  _Essays of Love and Marriage_, 274.
+
+  Essex, Lord, 262,
+    "lord of Essex' measures," a dance, 262.
+
+  _Every Man in his Humour_, by Ben Jonson, 105, 142.
+
+  Euphormio, 67.
+
+  _Excellent vercis worthey Imitation_, supposed by Breton, 238.
+
+  Eyes upon noses, 37.
+
+  Elyot, Sir Thomas, 49.
+
+
+  F. R. 271.
+
+  F. T. 267.
+
+  Fabricius, 46.
+
+  Falcons, 49.
+
+  Falstaff, 19, 105.
+
+  Farley, William, 40.
+
+  Farmer, Dr. 229.
+
+  Feltham, Owen, 270.
+
+  Fiddler, character of a poor, 149.
+
+  _Fifty-five enigmatical characters_, by R. F. 271.
+
+  _Figures_, by Breton, 198, 238.
+
+  _Figure of foure_, by Breton, 198.
+
+  Fines, Catherine, 252.
+
+  Fines, Mary, 252.
+
+  Fines, Sir William, 252.
+
+  Finical, 160.
+
+  Fires, 28.
+
+  _Fishing_, treatise on, 50.
+
+  Flagge, 225.
+
+  Flatterer, character of a, 155.
+
+  Flecknoe, Richard, 271, 272, 273.
+
+  Fleming, 176.
+
+  Fletcher, John, 203.
+
+  Flitchman, 221.
+
+  Florio, 224.
+
+  Ford, T. 267.
+
+  Formal man, character of, 25.
+
+  Four of the clock, 107.
+
+  _Four for a penny; or poor Robin's characters_, 275.
+
+  _Four prentises of London_, by Heywood, 98, 163.
+
+  France, 269.
+
+  Frater, 221.
+
+  _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_, 221, 228.
+
+  Fresh-water Mariner, 221.
+
+  Freze, white, 223.
+
+  Frieze jerkins, 221.
+
+  Frost, great, 175, 176.
+
+  _Funeral Monuments_, by Weever, 103.
+
+
+  G. L. 271.
+
+  Gage, 225.
+
+  Galen, 12, 30.
+
+  Gallant, character of an idle, 51.
+
+  Gallobelgicus, 255.
+
+  _Gallus Castratus_, 269.
+
+  Gallye slops, 221.
+
+  Gavel-kind, 24.
+
+  Gee and ree, 58.
+
+  Geneva bible, 3.
+
+  Geneva print, 84.
+
+  Gennet, 261.
+
+  Germany, 24, 73.
+
+  Gerry, 227.
+
+  Gigges, 239.
+
+  Gilding of the cross, 163.
+
+  Gildon's _Lives of the English Dramatic poets_, 231.
+
+  Giles's, St. Church, Oxford, 4.
+
+  Girding, 19.
+
+  _Glossographia Anglicana Nova_, 141.
+
+  Gloucester cathedral, 40.
+
+  _Gloucestershire, History of_, by Atkyns, 41.
+
+  Goddard, author of the _Mastif-whelp_, 15.
+
+  God's judgments, 73.
+
+  Gold hat-bands, 67.
+
+  Gold tassels, worn by noblemen at the University, 67.
+
+  _Good and the bad_, by Breton, 14, 236.
+
+  _Governour_, by Sir Thomas Elyot, 49.
+
+  Gough, Mr. 237, 253.
+
+  Gown of an alderman, 18.
+
+  Granger, Mr. 267.
+
+  Great man, character of a meer, 177.
+
+  Greek's collections, 72.
+
+  Grunting chete, 226.
+
+  Gryffith, William, 219.
+
+  Guarded with gold lace, 280.
+
+  Guillim, John, 282.
+
+  Gull in plush, 163.
+
+  _Gul's Hornebooke_, by Decker, 33, 34, 98, 279, 281.
+
+  Gygger, 226.
+
+
+  Hall, Bishop, 248, 279.
+
+  _Harleian Miscellany_, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277.
+
+  Harman, Thomas, 219.
+
+  Harmanes, 226.
+
+  Harrison, William, 24, 39, 47.
+
+  Hart-hall, Oxford, 211.
+
+  Haslewood, Mr. 260.
+
+  Hawking, 49, 142.
+
+  Hawkins, Sir John, 111, 262.
+
+  Hay, James Lord, 249.
+
+  Hederby, 163.
+
+  Hemingford, Huntingdonshire, 211.
+
+  _Henry the Fourth_, by Shakspeare, 105.
+
+  Henry VI. 15.
+
+  Henry VII. 4.
+
+  Henry VIII. 33.
+
+  Herald, character of an, 115.
+
+  _Heraldry_, Treatise on, by Guillim, 282.
+
+  Herbert, Mr. 220, 228.
+
+  Heylin, Peter, account of, 211
+    --inscription on his monument, 211.
+
+  Heyne, 148.
+
+  Heywood, 98, 163.
+
+  Hickeringill, E. 277.
+
+  High-spirited man, character of, 158.
+
+  Hill, Mr. lii.
+
+  Hippocrates, 12.
+
+  _History of England_, by Carte, 199.
+
+  _Histrio-mastix_, by Prynne, 62.
+
+  Hobby, 261.
+
+  Hogeshed, 225.
+
+  Hogg, 263.
+
+  Hogged poney, 261.
+
+  Hoker, 221.
+
+  Holinshed, Raphael, 5, 15, 24, 39, 47, 109, 175, 176.
+
+  Holt, in Germany, 73.
+
+  Honest man, character of an ordinary, 181.
+
+  Hooker, Richard, 190, 193, 196, 197.
+
+  Hool, Samuel, 131.
+
+  _Horæ Subsecivæ_, xlix.
+
+  Horse-race terms, 142.
+
+  _Hortus Mertonensis_, a poem by Earle, 197.
+
+  _Hospitall of Incurable Fooles_, lx.
+
+  Hostess, character of a handsome, 122.
+
+  Houghton, Sir Gilbert, 236.
+
+  Houghton in the Spring, 211.
+
+  Howell, James, 37.
+
+  _Hudibras_, 277.
+
+  Huggeringe, 224.
+
+  Hugger-mugger, 224.
+
+  Hungarian, 125.
+
+  Hunting, 142.
+
+  _Husband_, a poem, 229.
+
+  Hygh-pad, 226.
+
+  Hypocrite, character of a she precise, 84.
+
+
+  Jacob, 22.
+
+  Jail-bird, 100.
+
+  James I. 20, 62, 92, 103.
+
+  James II. 191.
+
+  Jarke, 227.
+
+  Jarke-man, 222.
+
+  _Idea of his highness Oliver_, by Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Jealous man, character of, 183.
+
+  Jennet, 261.
+
+  Jerusalem, 164.
+
+  Jesses, 50.
+
+  Jesuits, 99, 114.
+
+  Ignoramus, 235.
+
+  _Illustrious wife_, by Giles Oldisworth, 229.
+
+  Imputation, 143, 161.
+
+  Inquisition, 31.
+
+  Insolent man, character of, 142.
+
+  John Dory, 150.
+
+  John's, St. College, Oxford, 211.
+
+  Johnson, Richard, 252.
+
+  Jonathan, 265.
+
+  Jonson, Ben, 105:
+    Lines by, 232.
+
+  Jordans, 36.
+
+  Isbosheth, 266.
+
+  Islip, Oxfordshire, 212.
+
+  Juliana Barnes, or Berners, 50.
+
+  Jump, 156.
+
+
+  Keckerman, Bartholomew, 46.
+
+  Keep, 118.
+
+  Ken or Kene, 225, 226, 227.
+
+  Kennett, White, 195:
+    his character of Earle, 195.
+
+  Kent, 24, 25.
+
+  Kent, maid of, 109.
+
+  King's bench prison, 244.
+
+  Kippis, Dr. 271.
+
+  Knight, character of a country, 48.
+
+  Kynchin-co, 222.
+
+  Kynchin-morte, 222.
+
+
+  Lage, 225.
+
+  Lagge, 227.
+
+  Lambarde, 25.
+
+  Lambeth-palace, 111.
+
+  Langbaine, xlix, 231, 272.
+
+  _Laquei ridiculosi_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Lascivious man, character of, 165.
+
+  Laud, Bishop, 211.
+
+  Laurence, St. 107.
+
+  Leg to the residencer, 117, 281.
+
+  Legs in hands, 37.
+
+  Legerdemain, 182.
+
+  Legh, Anne, 237.
+
+  Legh, Sir Edward, 237.
+
+  Leicester, Earl of, 237.
+
+  Leigh, see Legh.
+
+  Le Neve, 217.
+
+  Lent, 61.
+
+  _Letters_, by Howell, 37.
+
+  _Life and Errors of John Dunton_, by himself, 131.
+
+  _Life of Ruddiman_, by Chalmers, 45.
+
+  Lilburne, 268.
+
+  Lilly, xlix.
+
+  Lipken, 225.
+
+  Lipped, 225.
+
+  Lipsius, 30.
+
+  London, 41, 175.
+
+  London-bridge, 176.
+
+  _London and country carbonadoed_, by Lupton, 260.
+
+  _London Spy_, by Ward, 162.
+
+  Long-lane, 255.
+
+  Long pavian, a dance, 262.
+
+  _Love's Dominion_, by Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Low Countries, 23, 237, 270:
+    _Brief Character of_, by _Felltham_, 23.
+
+  Lowre, 225, 227.
+
+  Lucian, 138.
+
+  Ludgate, 249.
+
+  Lupton, Donald, 260.
+
+  Lybbege, 225.
+
+  Lycosthenes, 102.
+
+  Lyghtmans, 225.
+
+
+  M. G. 243.
+
+  M. R. 249.
+
+  _Macbeth_, by Shakspeare, 162.
+
+  Mac-Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Machiavel, 31.
+
+  Magdalen College, Oxford, 211, 266.
+
+  _Maid, a Poem of_, by Salstonstall, 256.
+
+  _Maid's Tragedy_, by Beaumont and Fletcher, 205.
+
+  Mainwaring, Matthew, 244:
+    family of, ib.
+
+  Make, 225.
+
+  Malaga wine, 37.
+
+  Malone, Mr. 86.
+
+  Man, Samuel, 267.
+
+  Manchet, 47.
+
+  Mars, 263.
+
+  Martial, 135.
+
+  Martin, 268.
+
+  Mary's, St. Church, Oxford, 4, 109.
+
+  _Mastif Whelp_, 15.
+
+  _Mastive or young whelpe of the old dogge_, 246.
+
+  Maund, 226.
+
+  Maurice of Nassau, 28.
+
+  Mayne, 85, 105.
+
+  Meddling-man, character of, 151.
+
+  Medicis, Francis de, 91.
+
+  Melpomene, 72.
+
+  _Memoirs of the Peers of England_, by Brydges, 264.
+
+  Menander, 204.
+
+  Menippus, 138.
+
+  Mephibosheth, 265.
+
+  Meres, 237.
+
+  _Merry Devil of Edmonton_, a Comedy, 84.
+
+  Merton-College, Oxford, 187, 192, 194, 197.
+
+  _Microcosmography_, 197.
+    Editions of, li.
+
+  _Micrologia_, by R. M. 249.
+
+  Minshall-hall, 244.
+
+  Minshew, 32, 94, 181.
+
+  _Miraculous Newes from the Cittie of Holt_, 73.
+
+  _Miscellania_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  Modest man, character of, 131.
+
+  Monson, Sir Thomas, 49.
+
+  Monster out of Germany, 73.
+
+  _Monthly Mirror_, 236.
+
+  Monument of Earle, 193.
+
+  _Monumenta Anglicana_, by Le Neve, 217.
+
+  Moorfields, 252.
+
+  Mooted, 94.
+
+  _More the Merrier_, 246.
+
+  Morley, Dr. 191.
+
+  Mort, 225.
+
+  _Mother's Blessing_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  _Mouse-trap_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Munster, 73.
+
+  Murdered bodies supposed to bleed at the approach of the murderer, 15.
+
+  Musgarve, 268.
+
+  _Musick, history of_, by Sir John Hawkins, 262.
+
+  Myll, 226, 227.
+
+  Mynshul, 84, 138.
+
+  Mynshul, Geffray, 243, 244.
+
+
+  Nabeker, 225.
+
+  Nabes, 226.
+
+  Namptwich, Cheshire, 244.
+
+  _Naps upon Parnassus_, 269.
+
+  Nares, Mr. 279.
+
+  Nase, 226.
+
+  Navy of England, 72.
+
+  Nero, 233.
+
+  Netherlands, 253.
+
+  _New Anatomie, or character of a Christian or round-head_, 264.
+
+  Newcastle, Duke of, 272:
+    lines by, ib.
+
+  _New Custome_, 221.
+
+  _Newes of this present week_, 255.
+
+  Newgate, 249, 268.
+
+  Newman, Sir Thomas, 109.
+
+  Nine Muses, a dance, 262.
+
+  _Nine Worthies_, 164.
+
+  Nireus, 138.
+
+  Noah's flood, 60.
+
+  Nonconformist, 84.
+
+  _Norfolk, History of_, by Blomefield, 217.
+
+  North, Lord, 264.
+
+  Northern nations, 15.
+
+  Norton, Northamptonshire, 237.
+
+  Nose, 225.
+
+  Nyp, 227.
+
+
+  Oldham, Mr. 276.
+
+  Oldisworth Giles, 229.
+
+  Old man, character of a good, 153.
+
+  One and thirty, 56.
+
+  Orford, Lord, 264, 276.
+
+  Osborne, Francis, 103.
+
+  Overbury, Sir Thomas, 229, 230, 235, 264.
+
+  Overton, 268.
+
+  Oxford, 4, 96, 187, 201, 211, 238, 266.
+
+
+  P. H. 246.
+
+  Pad, 226.
+
+  Painted cloth, 74.
+
+  Pallyarde, 221.
+
+  Pamphlets, character of, 268.
+
+  Paracelsus, 30.
+
+  Park, Mr. lii. 237, 256, 276.
+
+  Park, Mr. John James, 257.
+
+  Parrot, Henry, 246.
+
+  Parson, character of a poor, from Chaucer, 10.
+
+  Partial man, character of, 95.
+
+  _Passion of a discontented minde_, supposed by Breton, 238.
+
+  _Passions of the Spirit_, supposed by Breton, 238.
+
+  Patrico, 222.
+
+  Pavian, 262.
+
+  Paul V. pope, 91.
+
+  Paul's, St. Church, 103, 231, 252, 255, 259.
+
+  Paul's-cross, 109;
+    penance at, 109.
+
+  Paul's man, 105.
+
+  Paul's walk, character of, 103.
+
+  Paul's walk, xlviii:
+    time of walking there, 103.
+
+  Paynell, Thomas, 13, 280.
+
+  Pecke, 226.
+
+  Pegasus, 261.
+
+  Pembroke, Henry, earl of, 201.
+
+  Pembroke, Philip, earl of, 187, 188.
+
+  Pembroke, William, earl of, 197:
+    lines on, 201.
+
+  Percy, bishop, 237.
+
+  Peters, 268.
+
+  Peter's, St. Church, Oxford, 4.
+
+  Pharoah, 22.
+
+  _Philaster_, by Beaumont and Fletcher, 205.
+
+  Philip II. of Spain, 32.
+
+  _Phoenix Nest_, by R. S. 240.
+
+  _Physician against his will_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  Physician, character of a dull, 11.
+
+  Pick-thank, 168.
+
+  _Picturæ Loquentes_, by Saltonstall, 256.
+
+  Pierce, character of Earle, 196.
+
+  _Pierce Penilesse_, 156.
+
+  Pineda, 140.
+
+  Plausible man, character of, 74.
+
+  Plautus, 124, 205.
+
+  Player, characters of, 60, 249.
+
+  _Pleasant walkes of Moorefields_, 253.
+
+  Plodding student, character of, 101.
+
+  Plutarch, 35.
+
+  Pluto, 138.
+
+  Points, 38.
+
+  Poland, 253.
+
+  Ponsonby, William, lx.
+
+  Poor man, character of, 179.
+
+  Poor Tom, 221.
+
+  Pope, A. 272.
+
+  Popplar of Yarum, 226.
+
+  _Poste_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  Post and pair, 280.
+
+  Pot-poet, character of, 71.
+
+  _Practice of Piety_, 87.
+
+  Pratt, Mr. 249.
+
+  Prauncer, 225.
+
+  Prayer for the college, 279.
+
+  Prayer at the end of a play, 279.
+
+  Prayer used before the university, 6.
+
+  Preacher, character of a young raw, 4.
+
+  Pretender to learning, character of, 112.
+
+  Prigger, see Prygger.
+
+  Primero, 32, 33.
+
+  Primivist, 32.
+
+  Print, set in, 239.
+
+  Prison, character of a, 138.
+
+  Prisoner, character of a, 245.
+
+  Privy councellor, character of a worthy, 238.
+
+  Profane man, character of, 171.
+
+  _Progresses of Queen Elizabeth_, 237.
+
+  Prologue, 97.
+
+  _Prolusions_, by Capel, 229.
+
+  Prygger of prauncers, character of a, 222.
+
+  Prynne, 62.
+
+  Puritan, 120, 150.
+
+  _Puritan, picture of a_, 229.
+
+  Puttenham, 237.
+
+
+  Quanto Dyspayne, a dance, 262.
+
+  Quarromes, 225.
+
+  Querpo, 140.
+
+  Quintilian, 30.
+
+  Quyer, or quyaer, 225, 227.
+
+
+  Radcliffe, Sir Alexander, 251.
+
+  Raie, 242.
+
+  Ramus, 30.
+
+  Randolph, Dr. 161.
+
+  Rash man, character of, 167.
+
+  Rat, black-coat, terms of contempt towards the clergy, 172.
+
+  Rawlinson, Dr. 262.
+
+  Rè, isle of, 199:
+    expedition to, ib.
+
+  _Rebellion, History of_, by Clarendon, 189.
+
+  Reed, Isaac, 45, 272, 279, 280.
+
+  _Reformado precisely charactered_, 264.
+
+  _Regiment of Health_, 13.
+
+  _Regimen Sanitatis Salerni_, 279.
+
+  _Remains_, Butler's, 277.
+
+  _Remains_, Camden's, 72.
+
+  Reserved man, character of, 31.
+
+  _Resolves_, by Feltham, 270.
+
+  Retchlessly, 137.
+
+  Richard III. 79.
+
+  Rich man, character of a sordid, 174.
+
+  Ritson, Mr. 237.
+
+  Robert of Normandy, 164.
+
+  Roge, 221.
+
+  Roger, 225.
+
+  Rogers, G. 232.
+
+  Rogue, see Roge.
+
+  Rome, 10, 27, 90.
+
+  Rome-bouse, 226.
+
+  Round breeches, 129.
+
+  _Royal and noble Authors_, by Lord Orford, 264.
+
+  _Ruddiman, Life of_, by Chalmers, 45.
+
+  Ruff of Geneva, print, 84.
+
+  Ruffs, 239.
+
+  Ruffian, 227.
+
+  Ruffler, 221.
+
+  Ruffmanes, 226.
+
+  Ruffe-pecke, 226.
+
+  Russell, Earl of Bedford, 12.
+
+  Rutland, Lady, 203.
+
+
+  S. R. 240.
+
+  Sack, 36, 37, 38, 122.
+
+  Salerne, 280.
+
+  Salisbury, 282.
+
+  Salomon, 225.
+
+  Saltonstall, Wye, 256.
+
+  Sandwich, Earl of, 267.
+
+  _Satyrical characters_, 269.
+
+  _Satyrical Essayes_, by Stephens, 231, 235.
+
+  Saul, 265.
+
+  Saxons, 24.
+
+  Say, E. xlvii.
+
+  Saye, 225.
+
+  Scaliger, 114.
+
+  Sceptick in religion, character of, 88.
+
+  Scholar, character of a, 54.
+
+  Scold, character of a, 247.
+
+  Scotus, 87.
+
+  Sejanus, 96.
+
+  _Select second husband for Sir Thomas Overburie's wife_,
+      by Davies of Hereford, 229.
+
+  Seneca, 113.
+
+  Sergeant, or catchpole, character of, 124.
+
+  Serving-man, character of, 140.
+
+  Sforza, 79.
+
+  Shakspeare, lx, 2, 15, 33, 74, 103, 111, 162, 224, 262, 279, 280, 281.
+
+  Shark, character of a, 37.
+
+  Shark to, 182.
+
+  Sharking, 180.
+
+  Sheba, 266.
+
+  Sheriff's hospitality, and table, 39.
+
+  Sherry wine, 36, 37.
+
+  Shimei, 266.
+
+  Ship, 226.
+
+  Shop-keeper, character of, 118.
+
+  Short-hand, 5.
+
+  Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Countess of, 220.
+
+  Shrove Tuesday, 61.
+
+  Sidney, Sir Philip, 201, 204.
+
+  Silk strings to books, 66.
+
+  Singing-men in cathedral churches, character of, 116.
+
+  Skower, 227.
+
+  Skypper, 225.
+
+  Socinus, Faustus, 91.
+
+  _Solemne Passion of the Soule's Love_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  _Soliman and Perseda_, 156.
+
+  Sordid rich man, character of, 174.
+
+  Spaniards, 99.
+
+  _Specimens of early English Poets_, by Ellis, 237.
+
+  Spelman, Sir Henry, 24.
+
+  Spinola, 99.
+
+  _Sports and Pastimes_, by Strutt, 32, 49, 56.
+
+  _Springes for Woodcocks_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Squeazy, 121.
+
+  Stanley, Richard, 40.
+
+  Stayed-man, character of a, 128.
+
+  Steevens, George, 15, 111, 181, 246, 275, 281.
+
+  Stephen, Master, 142.
+
+  Stephens, John, 231, 235.
+
+  Stews, 80.
+
+  Stowe, 227.
+
+  Stow's _Survey of London_, 163.
+
+  _Strange Metamorphosis of Man_, 260.
+
+  Streglethorp Church, 217:
+    family, 282.
+
+  Strike, 226.
+
+  Strummell, 225.
+
+  Strutt, Mr. 32, 49, 56.
+
+  Strype, Mr. 163.
+
+  Sturbridge-fair, 161.
+
+  Suetonius, 13.
+
+  _Sufferings of the Clergy_, by Walker, 190.
+
+  _Surfeit to A. B. C._ 269.
+
+  Surgeon, character of a, 80.
+
+  Suspicious or jealous man, character of, 183.
+
+  Swadder, 222.
+
+  Swedes, 15.
+
+  _Sweedish Intelligencer_, 255.
+
+  Switzer, 253.
+
+
+  Table-book, 279.
+
+  Tables, 56.
+
+  Tacitus, 113.
+
+  Talbot, Sir John, 200.
+
+  Tamworth, Staffordshire, 237.
+
+  Tanner, Bishop, 238.
+
+  Tantalus, 245.
+
+  Tavern, character of a, 34.
+
+  Telephus, 35.
+
+  _Tempest_, by Shakspeare, 181.
+
+  Tennis, 66.
+
+  _Ten Years' Travel_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  Term, character of the, 259.
+
+  Thersites, 138.
+
+  Thyer, Mr. 277.
+
+  Tiberius, 96.
+
+  _Times anatomized_, 267.
+
+  Tinckar, or tinker, 222.
+
+  Tiring-house, 61.
+
+  Titus, 13.
+
+  Tobacco, 35.
+
+  Tobacco-seller, character of, 70:
+    called a smoak-seller, ib.
+
+  Togman, 225.
+
+  Tower, 226.
+
+  Town-precisian, 7.
+
+  _Traditional Memoires_, by Osborne, 103.
+
+  Trumpeter, character of a, 97.
+
+  Tryne, 225.
+
+  Tryning, 227.
+
+  Tuft-hunter, 67.
+
+  Tully (see Cicero), 21, 30.
+
+  Turk, 125.
+
+  Turner, Thomas, 232.
+
+  Tyburn, 23, 73, 268.
+
+  Tyntermell, a dance, 262.
+
+
+  Valiant man, character of, 273.
+
+  Varro, 124.
+
+  Vault at Gloucester, 40.
+
+  Velvet of a gown, 66.
+
+  Venner, 36.
+
+  Vespatian, 13.
+
+  Villiers, George, Duke of Buckingham, 277.
+
+  Virgil, 147.
+
+  Virginals, 86.
+
+  University College, Oxford, 192.
+
+  University dun, character of a, 126.
+
+  University, character of a young gentleman of the, 65.
+
+  University statutes, 12.
+
+  Vorstius, Conrade, 91.
+
+  Upright man, 221, 225.
+
+  Urinal, 11.
+
+  Urine, custom of examining it by physicians, 14:
+    tax on, 13.
+
+  Vulcan, 263.
+
+  Vulgar-spirited man, character of, 98.
+
+  Vyle, 227.
+
+
+  Wales, 116.
+
+  Walker, Dr. 190.
+
+  Walker, Sir Edward, 282.
+
+  Walton, Isaac, l:
+    his character of Earle, 196.
+
+  Walwin, 268.
+
+  Wapping, 255.
+
+  Ward, C. lii.
+
+  Ward, Edward, 162.
+
+  Warde, William, 12.
+
+  Warnborough, South, 211.
+
+  Warton, Thomas, 220, 246.
+
+  Washbourne, R. his _Divine Poems_, 1.
+
+  Waste, 226.
+
+  Watch, 225, 226.
+
+  Weak man, character of, 68.
+
+  Weever, 103.
+
+  Westminster, 138, 163, 177, 211, 259, 282.
+
+  Westminster, the fellow of, 177.
+
+  _Whimzies; or a new cast of Characters_, 251, 279.
+
+  _Whip for a jockey_, 275.
+
+  _Whipjacke_, 221.
+
+  Whitson ale, 150.
+
+  Whydds, 227.
+
+  _Widow_, a comedy, 39.
+
+  Wife, character of a good, 248.
+
+  _Wife, now the Widdow, of Sir Thomas Overbury_, 229, 235,
+    editions of, 229.
+
+  William I. 163.
+
+  Wood, Anthony à, l, 187, 188, 191, 197, 212, 229, 266.
+
+  Worcester, Marquis of, 33.
+
+  _World displayed_, lii.
+
+  World's wise man, character of, 78.
+
+  Wortley, Anne, 267.
+
+  Wortley, Sir Francis, 265, 266.
+
+  Wortley, Sir Richard, 266.
+
+  _Writing school-master_, by Bales, 5.
+
+  Wyn, 225.
+
+
+  Yarum, 226.
+
+  York, 41, 186, 282.
+
+  York, James, Duke of, afterwards James II. 191, 265.
+
+  Young gentleman of the university, character of, 65.
+
+  Young man, character of, 42.
+
+  Younger brother, character of, 22.
+
+
+  Ziba, 265.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+ERRATUM.
+
+Page li. line 10, for _first_, read _fift_.
+
+
+
+
+SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.
+
+VARIOUS READINGS AND VERSIONS FROM THE DURHAM MS.
+
+
+A CHILDE.
+
+1. "His soul is yet a white _page_" (paper).
+
+
+AN ORDINARY PHYSITIAN.
+
+4. After the words "take Physicke." "He drives away ye time if he cannot
+ye maladie, and is furnished with an hundred merrie tales for the purpose.
+He is no faithful friend for he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
+death and he are enemies."
+
+
+A SELFE-CONCEITED MAN.
+
+10 (_11 in Bliss_). "A parasite is a stale to him," for "_a flatterer is a
+dunce to him_."
+
+
+A RESERVED MAN.
+
+26 (_12 in Bliss_). "Never speaks above the audit of a whisper," for
+"_whispers you in the ear acts_."
+
+
+A DOUNE-RIGHT SCHOLLER.
+
+20 (21 in _Bliss_). After "language of a falconer." "He is frigging up and
+doune, and composeth not his body to a settled posture. Gallants mock him
+for ushering Gentlewomen and indeed he hath not squired it in their
+Allies."
+
+
+A POTT POET.
+
+22 (_28 in Bliss_). After "patches," "yet their footemanshippe is not
+altogether shuffling." After "His other poems are but briefs." "At more
+leisur'd times he makes disticks on noblemen which are put under their
+twopenny pictures that hang in the bookbinders' shops."
+
+
+A FORWARD, BOLD MAN.
+
+30 (_43 in Bliss_). _For_ "like a desperate soldier," read "like our
+north-west merchants, will venture where he cannot goe." Also "Saint
+_Laurence_" _for_ "St. Maries."
+
+
+A PLAINE COUNTRIE FELLOWE.
+
+23 (_22 in Bliss_). After "sallets." "He will talk with his oxen very
+soberly and expostulates with his hindes, and then in the same language he
+guides the plow, and the plough guides his thoughts, and his bounde or
+landmarke is the very limitts of his cogitation."
+
+
+A SERGEANT, (SERIEANT).
+
+32 (_52 in Bliss_). After "Attempted and atchieved," "clubbes out of
+charity knocke him doune; next an hereticke he is the worst man to follow
+for he leads by the arme to destruction; his most dangerous place is
+Chancery Lane's end where he hansells now and then."
+
+
+A PARTIALL MAN.
+
+33 (_37 in Bliss_). After "colledge." "The Puritane is most guilty of this
+humour, for he takes the opinion of one Dutch commentatour before a legion
+of fathers; and, which is worse, his own before them both."
+
+
+A TRUMPETTER.
+
+34 (_38 in Bliss_). "In short he is a bubble _and his life a blast_."
+
+
+A PAULES WALKE.
+
+43 (_41 in Bliss_). "Properest," for "_perfectest_ motion." After
+"a-foot." "It hath its tempests like the sea, and as violent, and men are
+ship-wrack't upon pillars like great rocks." And _at the end_ after "could
+not"--"ffinally it is used for a church of these two only, sharkes and cut
+purses, the one comes thither to fast, the other to prey."
+
+
+A DUN.
+
+42 (_53 in Bliss_). After "shift in the world," comes "He is like a
+frivlous suitor, _haunting_, _haunting_ (sic) those ..." (in place of the
+sentence in Bliss beginning "some chuse," which is transposed in MS. with
+very slight changes so as to follow the sentence ending with "find them
+within.")
+
+
+A PLAUSIBLE MAN.
+
+45 (_29 in Bliss_). "He supples all and discommends none, except where his
+commendations might crosse the company, and then he holds his
+peace,"--after the words "what is civil."
+
+
+A BAKER.
+
+_16 in MS._ (_44 in Bliss_). "His condition is the same with all other
+men, for he lives by bread which from a rude and undigested heape he putts
+into lumpe and forme. His kneading tub and his pavin are the two misteries
+of his occupation and he is a filcher by his trade, but the miller is
+before him. Thrive he cannot much in the world, for his cake is oft dow
+bak't and will never be a man of valour he is still so meall-mouth'd, he
+is observed for a great lyer for he is seldome true in his tale, though
+the score be many times on his pate for better reckoning, one vertue he
+hath that he is charitable, for his bread is often given to the poore. A
+clarke of the market he abhorres, and a pair of weight scales over-throwes
+him, yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
+prison. Many a pillery is his deadly enemie, and they never meete but they
+goe together by the eares."
+
+_The additional matter in the "Bright MS." is found here also._
+
+
+AN HERAULD.[DZ]
+
+(_Almost identical with the version in the "Bright MS."_)
+
+_40 in MS._ (_46 in Bliss_). "He gives armes himselfe though he be no
+Gentleman, and therefore hath good reason to dispence with other; his
+trade and profession is honour, and doth that which few noble can doe,
+thrive by the Title. You would think he had the Indian mines, for he tells
+of the fesse[EA] of gold and silver, but believe him not for they are but
+devises to get money: he seemes only to deale with Gentry, but his
+chiefest purchases are on them that are none, whose bounty he conceales
+yet blazons: his bribes are like those of a corrupt judge, for they are
+the prizes[EB] of blood. His traffiques are like children's gew-gawes,
+pendants, and scutchions and little daggars, and his penniworths are
+extraordinary deare ffor he holdes three Boares heads higher than three
+Brawnes in the market. He was sometime the coate of Mars, but is now for
+more mercifull battailes in the tilt yard where whosoever is victorious
+the spoyles are his. His is an art in England but nature in Wales, where
+they are borne with Herauldry in their mouthes, and each name is a
+pedigree."
+
+
+A YOUNG RAW PREACHER.
+
+2. "_Till ye clocke stop him._" "Little instructions shall you have though
+great store of doctrines and many uses to small purpose; he putts much
+zeale into his booke, and belabours his tongue exceedingly. The only thing
+he makes himselfe in his sermons is faces, his action is all passions, and
+his speach interiections. He hath an excellent faculty in crying 'ah!' and
+spits with a very good grace." "_He will not, etc._" "He cites Pastills
+for authors, Perkins for fathers, and some catechisme is his schoole
+divinity."
+
+
+A GRAVE DIVINE.
+
+3. "Arts his way." "He thinks he ought to become learned to learne so high
+a mystery, w^{ch} like ye dye of scarlet is not set well upon a raw
+cloath, but requires a former tincture."[EC] "_He accounts, etc._" For
+"ballast" read "_last blast_" (in the first sentence).
+
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+_9 in MS._ (_7 in Bliss_). "His life was in this age, his conversation
+long before, and his acquaintance of some thousand yeares before he was
+borne. He is a great enemy to the man of time, and fetches many a morsell
+againe out of his stomacke, when it is now all rotten and stinking. Old
+women should like him very well for he is much enamoured of wrinckles, and
+loves all things, as Dutchmen doe cheese, ye better for being mouldy and
+worm-eaten." "_He is of our Religion, etc._"
+
+
+A PLAYER.
+
+_19 in MS._ (_23 in Bliss_). "_Upon him._" "He hath reason to be
+experienced in the world, for he hath passed through more shapes then
+Pythagoras his soule, and knows all conditions from y^e King to the
+Cobler, he is qualified and hath many good parts, but he is condemned for
+one boasting humour, that he will speake them himselfe." "_He hath one,
+etc._" "_Never con'd._" "A true man he can hardly be, for he pleaseth the
+better he counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for
+gold lace. His comings in are tollerable, yet in small money, and like
+Halifax great viccaridge most of it in two pences." "_The waisting woman,
+etc._" "_Gentlemen_," "and may become the bench in time as well they. He
+neadeth not feare death, for killing is but his sport, and his chiefe
+practice hath beene to dye bravely."
+
+
+A YOUNG GENTLEMAN IN THE UNIVERSITY.
+
+_18 in MS._ (_25 in Bliss_). "_Spend next day._" "If you speake to him as
+a Schooler, he telleth you you mistake him he is a gentleman and loath to
+marre his stile with that title. Sometime upon intreaty he vouchsafeth to
+be a Batchelour, and thinks he hath done the degree great grace in taking
+it." "_His companion, etc._" Above this, and after the word "misplacing."
+"He comes often to his bookes but seldome to his study, unless he be taken
+with Stepheus or Paris printe, which endeares the booke unto him. Yet
+sometimes he will...."
+
+
+  { VICCARS (MS.)
+  { SINGING MEN.
+
+_6 in MS._ (_47 in Bliss_). "_To sing catches._" "In their election of a
+brother they are respectfull of his gifts, that is, of his bottles of
+sacke, and he that is most liberall to them heere makes them sure. If they
+get a church their faces are the richer, and they are men of more
+reckoning at the bush or read lattice." "Long lived, etc."
+
+
+A SHOP-KEEPER.
+
+_39 in MS._ (_48 in Bliss_). "He examines the necessity of passengers, and
+beggs in the phrase of the giver 'with what do you lacke?'" "... _abuse
+his brother_. His prizes are like new playes, very dear at first view, but
+after you goe over them they still fall lower, and he is one who of all
+men you shoulde not take of his worde." "_He is your slave, etc._"
+
+
+A BOWL ALLEY.
+
+_38 in MS._ (_30 in Bliss_). "Say nothing." "It is their as it is at
+skirmishes the first man doth much, and no victory without a good
+leader." "_It is, etc._" After the first sentence comes in MS. "fortune is
+never pox't louder nor the Deuill oftener sent about errands; he is the
+companion that goes with every bowle, and with him the bowlers."
+
+
+A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE.
+
+(The Shee Puritane _in the MS._)
+
+_36 in MS._ (_34 in Bliss_). "Owne Parish." "And if her husband be so
+profaine that he will not carrie her on horsebacke to heare another preach
+shee will goe as far on foote to heare her selfe pray." "_She doubts,
+etc._" "Scruples." "Shee dareth not give a penny to a beggar for feare he
+be a reprobate, but shee thinkes usury lawfull upon strangers that be not
+her brethren." "_Shee is more fierce, etc._" "Shee is discovered though
+shee weare a vaile," after "_Geneva Print_." "Reads that shee hath noted,
+and applauds herselfe for a noble woman of Berea," after "_comes home_."
+After "_gossippings_," "unlesse to exercises." After "_sampler_," "save
+that once a year she workes a black-wrought night-cap for some reverend
+good man to weare, because it is against the cannon, and then she thinkes
+him a bishop's fellow." After "_weapons_" (weapon), "is the Practice of
+Piety, or else shee is armed with the sixt to the Ephesians." For "the
+Brownist" read "thinks that Amsterdam is erroneous."
+
+
+THE WEAK MAN.
+
+In the Bright MS. there are some important additions and variations in
+"_The Weak Man_." After the words "his brain stays behind," it goes on "He
+is for wit as your young travellers for languages, as much as will call
+for necessities and hardly that. He is not crafty enough to be a knave,
+nor wise enough to be honest, but the midway betwixt; a kind of harmless
+man. His whole vice is his indiscretion, and yet this makes him seem
+guilty of all." After the word "reserved" in Bliss, the MS. goes on: "He
+will part with anything in a humour, but in a good cause with nothing, and
+you may better entice him than persuade him. He is often perverse, never
+resolute and inexorable to nothing so much as reason. He loves wits and
+scholars to his cost, for he never has their company but invited. His
+friendships commonly are begun in a supper and lost in lending money. The
+way to gain his regard is to neglect him, for if he once be in good
+estimation, he grows proud upon it and contemns you." After the words
+"laid to his charge." "He puts in his verdict at all discourses, and
+whatsoever reason you urge, he holds his conclusion." Again, after the
+words "breaks forth with all." "His fear is his most violent persuader,
+which makes him do more upon the authority of one he hates, than the suit
+of his friend. He is one not to live in this world, for each man is his
+ambush, and his friend to abuse him. He has been long in contempt, and at
+last out of money, and then men cry 'alas!' and forget him."
+
+
+A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION.
+
+P. 99. This Character also is so varied from the printed copies in the
+Bright MS. that it is given from the latter entire. "He is defined by a
+genus without a difference; for he is a Christian at large, and no more.
+He uses the land's religion because it is next him; yet he sees not why he
+may not take the other yet he chooses this not as better, but because
+there is not a pin to choose. He is wondrous loth to hazard his credulity,
+and whilst he fears to believe amiss, believes nothing. The opinion of an
+over judgment wrongs him, which makes him too wise for the truth. He
+finds doubts and scruples better than resolves them, and has always some
+argument to nonplus himself. The least religion is enough to perplex him,
+and the best will not satisfy him. He hammers too much in general upon our
+opinion's incertainty, and the possibility of erring makes him not venture
+on what is true. He cannot drive into his fancy the circumscription of
+religion into our corner, and yet, the absurdity of Popery staggers him
+again. He could like the Protestant better were it not for the puritan,
+and the papist but for the Jesuit. He thinks we are more rational, and
+likes the life of the other. He thinks so many wise men would not believe
+but on good ground, and so many honest men cannot be on the wrong side;
+yet he sees not their reason notwithstanding, nor assents to their honesty
+without it. He is taken with their miracles yet doubts an imposture; he
+conceives of our doctrine better, yet it seems too empty and naked. He
+prefers their charity, and commends our zeal, yet suspects that for
+blindness, and this but humour. He sees rather what to fly than to follow,
+and wishes there were no sides that he might take one. He will sometimes
+propend to us upon the reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine recoils as
+far back again; and the fathers justle him from one side to another. His
+conscience interposes itself betwixt two duellers, and whilst it would
+part both, is by both wounded. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason,
+and you cannot anger him worse than with a Luther or Calvin's dixit, yet
+that wise men are not persuaded with reason, shall authorize his doubt. In
+sum, his whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, wherein he
+is so long a disputing, till death make the conclusion, and then he is
+resolved."
+
+[From Bliss's annotated copy of Earle's Microcosmography.]
+
+
+A GALLANT.
+
+P. 57. (_In the Bodleian, 2699, E. 21._) [This version is almost identical
+with that in the Durham MS. till the last few sentences.] The variations
+between the printed copy and Dr. Bright's MS. are so considerable, that
+the latter text is here given entire. "A Gallant is a heavy loader of
+himself, for he lays more upon his back than it is able to bear, and so at
+last breaks it. His first care is his clothes, and the next his body, and
+in the uniting of these two lyes his judgment. He is no singular man, for
+he is altogether in the fashion, and his very look and beard are squared
+to a figure conformable. His face and his boot are ruffled much alike, and
+he takes great delight in his walk to hear his spurs gingle. Though his
+life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very carefull of the tyme, for
+he is always drawing his watch out of his pocket, and spends part of his
+hours in numbering them. His chiefest toil is how to spin out the day, and
+get a match for cards or the bowl alley, and his worst companion is
+himself, for then he is desperate and knows not what to do. The labour of
+doing nothing had made him long since weary of his life, if tobacco and
+drink did not out of charity employ him. He is furnished with jests, as
+some wanderer with sermons, some three for all companies, and when these
+are expired, his discourse survives in oaths and laughter. He addresses
+himself to ladies with the wagging of his lock, and complements like
+Euphues or the knights of the Sun; yet his phrase is the worst apparalled
+thing about him, for it is plain fustian.[ED] His thigh is always well
+apointed with a rapier, yet peaceable enough, and makes[EE] a wound in
+nothing but the scabard, yet[EF] rather than point the field, hee'l pull
+it out in the street. He is weaponed rather in the street, than the
+highway, for he fears not a thief, but a serjeant. His clothes and himself
+grow stale together, and the last act of his life is invisible, for he is
+buried commonly before he dies, in the jail or the[EG] country."
+
+
+The following Character may serve as an illustrative commentary on part of
+Earle's character of an Attorney.
+
+
+THE CHARACTER OF AN ATTORNEY.
+
+P. 211. (_From a MS. in the Bodleian, Sheldon Papers_), circa 1642. An MS.
+Notebook of Bliss's in my possession, containing some 50 pages filled with
+the titles of books of characters, has this one among them, in 17th
+century hand-writing (pasted on to the page). When this was acquired he
+does not say. "An Atturney is a Broker at Law for hee sels wordes and
+counsell at the second hand, studies but one language that hee may not bee
+thought double tonged, and when vpon necessitie hee reades Latin, 'tis
+with a quaking hast soe feare fully you wold thinke him a fellon at his
+miserere. Hee speakes nothing but reports, statutes and obligations, and
+'tis to bee thought wooes soe too; Lady I hold of you in capite and was by
+the fates enacted yours in decimo of the Ringe; his prayers are
+soloecismes for peace, and yet for contention; hee beleeues in Littleton
+or the present Cheefe-Justice and against this fayth hee thinkes the
+Chancery Hoeerticall, especially if he speake in a Rocket; his degrees are
+to proceed either a Court-keeper or an Under-shrieue and then a Judges nod
+qualifies him; hee may hold two or three Clyents the more; to conclude hee
+is a very noune adiectiue whom noe man dares trust to stand by himselfe,
+but requires a Counsellour to bee ioyned with him."--DEANE.
+
+
+TWO LETTERS OF EARLE'S.
+
+[TANNER MS., vol. 48, No. 46.]
+
+
+                                  Saru[(m] Sept. 25. 1662.
+
+    "MY LORD
+
+    "I recyvd your Lordshipp's letter this day from my Lord
+    of Sarum and give you my most humble and harty thankes
+    for the great favour you intended me, as likewise for
+    your good opinion of me! as well as your affection, that
+    you thinke me capable of such a place in the Church. But
+    my Lord I that understand my self better, though all
+    things els worse, then any other frend, find those
+    causes within me why I should not accept this offer,
+    that I can no way answer, but must absolutely decline
+    it. Your Lordshipp may remember when you were pleas'd to
+    propose it to me before the last Bishop had it, what I
+    said to you then, how unfitted I was for it in many
+    respects. The same reasons hold good still and the
+    rather, as I am now both elder and infirmer, and I am
+    afraid more desperately so, then I beleevd my self to be
+    at that time. When I come to London, as I hope to doe
+    with in little more then a fortnight, I shall satisfy
+    you more particularly, as I conceyve I have done
+    already my Lord of Saru[(m], whose judgement as I should
+    submitt to assoone as any mans, and sooner then my owne
+    if it were different from mine. So I am more confirm'd
+    in my owne opinion, when I find it conformable to his,
+    being satisfyed with these reasons I had to refuse it.
+    Seriously if I thought I could doe that service to the
+    Church, which many hundreds could not doe better, I
+    would preferre the doing it with trouble before any ease
+    or convenience of my owne but in the condition that I
+    am, and the many imperfections upon me, I do not speak
+    it modestly, I cannot have such a thought. I am hartily
+    sorry for the death of that Bishop,[EH] he was a man of
+    excellent parts and though there was something to be
+    desired in him, yett take him alltogether he was both
+    able and likely to good service in that place which I
+    pray God may loose nothing by his successor!
+
+    My Lord I beseech your Lordship to present my most
+    humble duty and thankes to my gracious Master, the
+    thinking me worthy of such a preferment, and that
+    frankness and kindness which you speak of in his
+    expressing it, was worth to me a great deale more then
+    any thing els he could give me. I pray for him daylie,
+    and most hartily, as I doe likewise for your Lordship to
+    whom I am a moste affectionate servant
+
+                                           My Lord
+                                              JO: EARLES."
+
+  [_Addressed_] "For the Right Reverend Father in God
+                 Gilbert Lord Bishopp of London these at
+                                           Whitehall."
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DZ] It is curious to find this Character in the Durham MS. Bliss, in his
+account of the editions, speaks of the 6th edition (1633) as having two
+_additional_ Characters, one of them being "The Herald." The edition of
+1630, also called "the 6th edition augmented," I possess. It contains
+seventy-six characters (numbered as seventy-seven by mistake), but neither
+of the two "additional ones." Bliss's knowledge of editions, as well as
+his acquisition of them was increased largely in the years that followed
+the publication of his book. When he had acquired the 1st edition he wrote
+pathetically in his annotated copy, "I have been more than fifty years
+looking for this book!" By that time too he knew that what he here calls
+the _2nd_ edition of 1629 was really the _fifth_. (See _Arber's Reprint_,
+where a table of the editions is given.)
+
+[EA] "Fields."--_Bright MS._
+
+[EB] "Prices."--_Bright MS._
+
+[EC] This sentence by itself would make the Durham MS. a treasure.
+
+[ED] "He is of great account with his mercer and in no man's books so
+much: who is so sure a friend to him that he will not lose him."--_Durham
+MS._
+
+[EE] "He is a great derider of schollers and censures their steeple hats
+for not being set on so good a blocke as his."--_Durham MS._
+
+[EF] "He will pull it out in the streets."--_Durham MS._
+
+[EG] "Counter."--_Durham MS._
+
+[EH] Bp. Gauden, of Worcester, died in the beg. of Sept., 1662.
+
+
+
+
+[CLARENDON STATE PAPERS, No. 1465.]
+
+MR. EARLES TO MR. HYDE.[EI]
+
+    "Well Sir! I will grumble no more, since you have
+    vouchsaft to answer me at last, I was afraid you had
+    thought you could not be enimy to the Court of Honour
+    enough, except you renounc'd all civilitye. I could be
+    verie angry with Mr. Vaughan for defrauding me of your
+    punctuale letter, by not taking his leave of you, but he
+    tells me, he was at your chamber in the Temple every
+    day, and not finding you there, knew not where to seek
+    you. Well I hope one day you will meet with some trustye
+    messenger whose pockett may be capable of the great
+    _arcana_[EJ] of your letter. I am not altogether without
+    some intelligence how things passe, though by no such
+    authenticall men as you are, yet such as G. Morley, who
+    though he was not a man of such imployment, yet was one
+    of less leasure then you for this fortnight, being to
+    make a much longer speech then you, and in as good
+    companye, for which I heare he is not thankd, as
+    perchance nor you neyther. May you not trust with a
+    carier, the telling me how he did, or how my Lord of
+    Falkland does, since he is resolved I shall understand
+    nothing of him by himselfe. I will not unthriftily spill
+    my letters any more there, where they returne me no
+    fruit. My father is your servant, for Sir _Cph_[EK]
+    Widington, I hope he will compose this quarell without a
+    suite. Is T. Triplett at London yett, or have you any
+    great occasion to draw him up. These are all safe things
+    to be convey'd by a porter to a carier, and by him to
+    me, though my Lord Marshalls himself had feed them to
+    intercept, or brake open your letters. Well when you are
+    most idle, for I must confesse the thinking of me is not
+    worth any time, wherein you may doe any thing els, say
+    something to me. I that have leasure for us both, (as
+    indeed what business here can fill a man's leasure that
+    does not hunt nor drinke nor play at cardes) am content
+    with so much patience from you as to read me when you
+    will not write to
+
+                  Your most humble servant
+                                               JO. EARLES."
+    [EL] "Bishopston."
+    "Bish. Dec. 9."
+
+    "Pray remember my service to Mrs. Hyde and Mr. Harding."
+
+    _An Original endorsed by Mr. Hyde._[EM]
+
+    [Addressed] To my most honor'd frend Mr. Edward Hyde at
+    Sir Thomas Aylesburies house in Westminster in the Deans
+    yard.
+
+    [Endorsed by Hyde] Mr. Earles 10ber. 1640.
+
+
+LETTERS OF CLARENDON TO EARLE, A.D. 1647.
+
+SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
+
+    "Sir,
+
+    "Though I believe you have received two or three letters
+    from me since you writ any, yet since your's of your new
+    year's eve came to my hands since I writ last, I reckon
+    it my turn to write againe; and shall either convert you
+    to a more sedulous correspondence, or make you so much
+    ashamed (which is a modesty lazy men are very inclinable
+    to), that you shall give over writing at all. I always
+    send you word of the date of those which I receive from
+    you, so that you can only tell whether I have had that
+    which you say was pretty long and troublesome; for I
+    have not thought any one half long enough, nor
+    troublesome; otherwise than (which on my conscience was
+    not your sense) under the notion of the vile caracters,
+    which is almost cipher without a key: besides that
+    commonly the ink and paper do so throughly incorporate,
+    that the letters are hardly discernable. It is possible
+    the Scots may take their money, if the other will pay
+    it; but if upon that consideration they leave the
+    Kingdom, or suffer the King to leave them, I will no
+    more pretend to divination. Let not those apprehensions
+    startle you nor be troubled that they seem sometimes to
+    make Propositions which you do not like; it being safe
+    and profitable to them to offer anything which they
+    foresee must be denied by their jealous brethren. Look
+    upon their Covenant, their avowed gloss upon that
+    Covenant published to the world, and tell me if any
+    contradications in Philosophy be more diametrically
+    opposite and impossible to be reconciled to the ends of
+    the Independents than those extremes. I wish I were as
+    sure that the King would not desert himself and his
+    pious and honourable principles (of which, truly I have
+    a great confidence) as that the Scots will stick to him,
+    when they are fully convinced that he is not to be
+    removed.
+
+    "Must I believe _H. Cressy's_[EN] resolution to be
+    peremptory whilst he remains in such company? Truly I am
+    exceedingly troubled for it.
+
+    "What scruples or scandals could work this odious
+    alteration (for methinks, apostacy is too cholerick a
+    word towards a friend) which you could not remove? It is
+    a great loss to the Church, but a greater to his
+    friends, dead and alive; for the dead suffer where their
+    memory and reputation is objected to question and
+    reproach.
+
+    "Is it a necessary consequence to the conscience, that
+    if a man turn to that Church, he must take orders in it?
+    Methinks there is a duty incumbent to the function, that
+    might well terrify a man that feels not a very strong
+    impulsion, though he were never so well satisfied in the
+    religion itself.
+
+    "If we can not keep him a Minister of our Church, I wish
+    he would continue a layman in their's, which would
+    somewhat lessen the defection, and it may be, preserve a
+    _greater proportion of his innocence_.
+
+    "I am very glad (for my own sake) that you have the
+    happiness to be known to my Lord Newcastle. I commit the
+    managing what concerns me, both in substance and
+    circumstance, wholly to your direction and dexterity: I
+    told you how far I was advanced by my Lord Withrington.
+    I pray remember my service to Mr. Hobbs by the same
+    token that Sydney Godolphin hath left to him by his
+    Will, a legacy of £200, and desire him for old
+    aquaintance sake, and for your intercession, to bestow
+    one of his books upon me, which I have never seen since
+    it was printed, and therefore know not how much it is
+    the same, which I had the favour to read in English. I
+    thank you for your wishing your self here. I am sure I
+    would purchase you at any price I could pay or promise,
+    if it were as fit for the prince, as it would be for me.
+    In the mean time I pray God he thinks your company as
+    good as they know it to be who cannot get it. But will
+    the good Bishop of Salisbury never come to relieve you?
+    What does he? Where is he? What do you answer to the
+    other thousand questions I have asked you?
+
+    "God send you a good New Year that may yield you a
+    decent plenty, till it may give you an honest peace, and
+    me meat enough against hunger, and cloathes enough
+    against cold.
+
+    "And then if the Stationers do not sue out a commission
+    of Bankruptcy against me for their arrears for paper and
+    ink, I shall not fear any other creditors, nor the
+    exception in the first where I will not give my place
+    for the best amongst the compounders, nor the worst
+    (that is the greatest) amongst the committee: less the
+    title of being.
+
+                                         Sir, yours, etc."
+    "Jersey, the 1st of January."
+    A Copy of Mr. Edgeman, 1646-1649.
+
+
+SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
+
+    "Well, admit you do spend three hours every day, that
+    you may spend one with the prince, allow two hours to
+    your dinner, and two hours in the projecting where to
+    get one, you have still a fair time to yourself, and one
+    half hour in a week, without question, to tell me that
+    you are alive, and that in this dismal time of mutation,
+    you are so far from change, that you continue even the
+    same to me.
+
+    "I am not willing to tell you, that though you owe me no
+    letters, you have three or four of mine unanswered, but
+    I must tell you the last packet from Paris brought me
+    none from you though I found by some I received, that
+    mine thither had not miscarried; so you were not without
+    provocation.
+
+    "Indeed you are to blame to trust me so much with myself
+    in this terrible conflict; with which most men are so
+    unworthily appalled: for truly your advice and
+    approbation is of singular comfort and encouragement to
+    me. And now I pray tell me what is that '_Charitas
+    Patriae_' which all moral and divine authors have so
+    much magnified. That I must not concur in the acts of
+    impiety and injustice of my country, though never so
+    generally practised, or do a thing in itself wicked to
+    save or preserve my country from any suffering, is I
+    doubt not very clear. But is that Charitas Patriæ
+    utterly to be abolished and extinguished, for its
+    practise of that impiety and injustice? Should I wish
+    their irreligion destroyed by an army of Turks, or their
+    licence subdued by a power that would make them slaves?
+    Was it well said of Alcibiades, that he is truly a lover
+    of his country, not that refuseth to invade the country
+    he hath wrongfully lost but desires so much to be in it,
+    as by any means he can he will attempt to recover it?
+    Was not Jocasta more Christian to her Son Polynices;
+    _Petendo patriam perdis; ut fiat tua, vis esse nullam_.
+
+    "I pray, say somewhat to me of this argument; that I may
+    really know how far I may comply with passion and
+    provocation; and whether as no infirmity or impiety in
+    my prince can warrant or excuse my declension of
+    allegiance towards him, there be not some candour and
+    kindness to remain towards a man's country, though
+    infected with the most raging rebellion."
+
+    God preserve you!
+
+    8th of January 1646.
+    A rough Draught, corrected, and endorsed by himself.
+
+
+
+SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
+
+    "SIR,
+
+    "I told you long since that when I came to speak of that
+    unhappy battle of Newbury, I would enlarge upon the
+    memory of our dear friend that perished there: to which
+    I concieve myself obliged, not more by the rights of
+    friendship than of history, which ought to transmit the
+    virtue of excellent persons to posterity: and therefore
+    I am careful to do justice to every man that hath fallen
+    in the quarrel, on which side soever, as you will find
+    by what I have said of Mr. Hambden himself.
+
+    "I am now past that point, and being quickened by your
+    most elegant and ([EO]political) commemoration of him
+    and from hints there, thinking it necessary to say
+    somewhat for his vindication in such particulars as may
+    possibly have made impression in good men, it may be I
+    have insisted longer upon the argument than may be
+    agreeable to the rules to be observed in such a work,
+    though it be not much longer than Livy is in
+    recollecting the virtues of one of the Scipio's after
+    his death. I wish it were with you that you might read
+    it, for if you thought it unproportionable for the place
+    where it is I could be willingly diverted to make it a
+    piece by itself, and inlarge it into the whole size of
+    his life; and that way it would sooner be communicated
+    to the world. And you know Tacitus published the life of
+    Julius Agricola before either his annals or his history.
+
+    "I am contented you should laugh at me for a fop in
+    talking of Livy and Tacitus; when all I can hope for is
+    to side Hollingshead, and Stow, or (because he is a poor
+    knight too, and worse than either of them) Sir Richard
+    Baker. But if I had not hooked them in this way, how
+    should I have been able to tell you, that I have this
+    year read over Livy and Tacitus; which will never be
+    found by the language and less by the Latin. We have had
+    no boat out of Normandy these ten days, so that we have
+    heard nothing from the Isle of Wight since the Kings
+    first message thence. God send us good news that we may
+    again (in what condition soever) enjoy one another;
+    which will be a very great satisfaction to; your most
+    affectionate humble servant."
+
+  "Jersey this 14 Dec. St. vet."
+
+    A Copy, endorsed by himself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are two very long letters of Feb. 12th and March 16th, 1647--too
+long to quote in full--from which I have thought it worth while to make
+extracts.
+
+Concerning the subject of the Charitas Patriæ, "I cannot" he says,
+"rejoice at foreign powers being at peace" that there might be "forces
+vacant for the reduction of England,"--but he appeals to Earle for "advice
+and direction; upon whose judgment, discretion, and conscience I do so
+much depend that I do really suspect my own when I find it at all differ
+from yours." He speaks too of Earle's company being so comforting to his
+fellow-exiles. Jersey Feb. 12th.
+
+In the letter of March 16th, speaking of possible deterioration of
+character--of "innocence destroyed," of "wiping out the old loved prints,"
+he adds that the "shame of communicating his thoughts" to Earle [in case
+of his (the writer's) falling away] will, he hopes, keep him from any
+"alteration." In the same letter there is another reference to what Earle
+had written about Lord Falkland--no such work I understand survives--"I
+would desire you at your leisure to send me that discourse of your own
+which you read to me in the end of your _Contemplations upon the Proverbs_
+in memory of my Lord Falkland: of whom, in its place, I intend to speak
+largely--"so far from being an indecorum (it will be) no less the business
+of history than the truth of things."
+
+Anthony Wood's opinion [Bliss's reference to Wood is very brief] of Earle
+may be added to Clarendon's testimonies: "This Dr. Earl was a [EP]_very
+genteel man_, a contemner of the world, religious, and most worthy of the
+office of a Bishop." He is elsewhere styled by him "learned and
+godly,"--but the epithet "genteel" gives an extra touch that we should be
+loth to lose. In reference to his Latin Translation of Hooker's
+Ecclesiastical Polity he adds: "He was only the fit man to make the
+learned of all nations happy." Of the Hortus Mertonensis he tells us that
+it was one "of several copies of his ingenuity and poetry that were
+greedily gathered up" at the University.
+
+I have said in the Preface that nothing is known to Earle's disparagement.
+It is true that Ludlow says[EQ]: "Dr. Earle told me that by abolishing
+episcopacy we took away all the encouragement to learning; for that men
+would not send their sons to the University had they not some hopes that
+they would attain preferment." And he is very severe on "this sordid
+principle and consideration." That it was not the recommendation of
+learning to Earle is abundantly proved by the Microcosmography--but he
+might well think the University ought not to lose the advantage of any
+material inducements such as might appeal to ordinary men.
+
+Earle, moreover, was a humourist, and may have amused himself with
+arguments which seemed good enough for his audience. Lord Macaulay must
+not be supposed indifferent to learning because he told his nephew to "get
+a good degree at College and become a Fellow--_for then_ he would have
+almonds and raisins for the rest of his life for nothing!"
+
+My interleaved copy of Bliss has on the fly-leaf the words "the castrated
+title and leaf are preserved, with the addition of a proof title page with
+Dr. Bliss's name omitted." The copy is announced in a catalogue slip
+pasted in at the end of the book as containing[ER] MS. notes by Joseph
+Haslewood and Dr. Bliss. The words above the title--Ex dono _editoris_
+(altered to _impressoris_)--have the initials J. H. below them. There are
+also three advertisements of Bliss's book, "published this day," two of
+them on coloured paper pasted in the beginning; the third is supplemented
+by a notice from the Monthly Review, Feb. 1812, which runs as
+follows:--"We recommend the perusal of this work to every class of
+readers, since it is in truth a store house of wit and wisdom ... The old
+fashioned dress in which these acute strictures on human life appear,
+while it takes little or nothing from their intelligibility, adds much to
+their force and liveliness. The lovers of proverbial wit, for many of
+these characters are strings of judicious adages, are therefore greatly
+obliged to Mr. Bliss for his pleasing republication of so pregnant a
+volume. The notes are instructive without prolixity: the index is
+extremely useful, for it is really astonishing[ES] _how large a quantity
+of good matter_ is scattered up and down the present _duodecimo_ (the
+advt. calls it _octavo_), and the appendix contains an ample store of
+black-letter information, and will introduce almost every reader to some
+new acquaintances, who have singularity at least, if nothing else to
+recommend them. The Life of the Bishop, and the list of his works are
+particularly interesting."
+
+All readers of Cowper will remember what a weight of authority the
+criticism of the Monthly Review carried with it, and the pathetic appeal
+of the Author to the Editor--"but oh!, dear Mr. Griffith, let me pass for
+a genius at Olney."[ET]
+
+The notes and illustrations which Dr. Bliss did _not_ make use of in his
+edition are as follows.[EU]
+
+Two are on the serving-man, 'In querpo.'
+
+                          "I am borne sweet lady
+    To a poore fortune that will keep myself
+    And Footman, as you see, to bear my sword
+    In Cuerpo after me."
+
+    --_Mayne's City Match, a Comedy, 4to, 1658._
+
+"You shall see him in the morning in the gallery--first, at noon in the
+Bullion, in the evening in Quirpo."--Massinger's Fatal Dowry.
+
+"Dr. Johnson explains querpo, which he says is corrupted from cuerpo
+(Spanish), as a dress close to the body. Dryden uses it."
+
+On the same character he has a quotation from Religio Regis, 12mo, 1715:
+King James in his advice to his son Henry, Prince of Wales, says "hawking
+is not to be condemned, but nevertheless, give me leave to say, it is more
+uncertain than the others (hunting), and subject to mischances."
+
+On the "She-precise Hypocrite" he has a note--on "Geneva."
+
+    Like a Geneva weaver in black, who left
+    The loom and entered into the ministry
+    For Conscience Sake.--_Mayne's City Match._
+
+On 'door-posts' in 'The Aldermen' he quotes, "a pair of such brothers were
+fitter for posts without dore indeed, to make a shew at a new-chosen
+magistrate's gate."--_The Widow_, 4to, 1652.
+
+Of 'Paul's Walk' there is yet one more illustration. "Walk in the middle
+Ile in Paul's, and gentlemen's teeth walk not faster at ordinaries than
+there a whole day togeather about inquirie after newes."--Theeves falling
+out true men come by their good, or the Belman wanted a clapper, _4to,
+Lond., 1615._
+
+On the Pot-Poet he has a quotation from _Whimzies, a new cast of
+Characters_, 8vo, Lond., 1633, an illustration of the "_strange monster
+out of Germany_." "Nor comes his invention farre short of his imagination:
+for want of truer relations, for a neede he can find a Sussex dragone,
+some sea or Inland monster, drawn out by some Shoe Lane man in a
+gorgon-like feature, to enforce more horror in the beholder."
+
+At the end of the Characters there is an extract from a letter of
+Clarendon which mentions that the deanery of Westminster "was designed to
+a person of very known and confessed merit," (most probably Dr. John
+Earle) _written below_. He quotes Anthony Wood on the other side of this
+leaf for Earle's friendships, with Henry Cary, first Earle of
+Monmouth--with George Morley, afterwards Bishop of Winchester. Morley and
+Earle lived together at Antwerp till they were called to attend on the
+Duke of York in France. Two passages of Anthony Wood, which he does not
+quote, are worth recalling. Morley was sent by Charles II. to "thank
+Salmasius for his Apology for his Martyrd father, but not with a purse of
+gold as Joh. Milton, the impudent lyer, reported." Henry Cary was "well
+skill'd in the modern languages, and a general scholar"; and thus "was
+capacitated [by a forced retiredness in the troublesome times of
+Rebellion] to exercise himself in studies, while others of the nobility
+were fain to truckle to their inferiors for company sake."
+
+I have only given two title-pages of editions in the year of publication.
+A table of editions is given on the next page.
+
+
+[_Title-page of first edition of 1628._]
+
+                 Micro-cosmographie;
+
+                        or,
+
+                    A Peece of
+                     The World
+                    discovered;
+                  In Essayes and
+                   Characters.
+
+  [Here is inserted in MS.--"Written by John Earles
+               of Merton Coll."]
+
+       _Newly composed for the Northerne parts
+                of this Kingdome._
+
+                      AT LONDON:
+             PRINTED BY W. S., FOR ED. BLOUNT.
+                         1628.
+
+
+[_Title-page of 3rd edition of 1628._]
+
+  Micro-cosmographie;
+
+  or,
+
+  A Peece of
+
+  The World
+
+  discovered;
+
+  In Essayes and
+
+  Characters.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  PRINTED BY WILLIAM STANSBURY, FOR
+  ROBERT ALLOT, 1628.
+
+  [W. H. Allnutt, in a MS. note inserted in the Bodleian
+  copy of Arber's Reprint of the Characters, states
+  that Arber has mistaken the order of priority of the
+  three 1628 edd. Arber places the ed. with the above
+  title-page second, and that of which the title is copied
+  on p. 330, third. The second ed., called by Arber
+  the first, is not in the Bodleian.]
+
+The last written page of the Durham MS. has by way of Colophon
+
+Finis.
+
+  December     anno Do
+  This 14th      mini
+     day        1627.
+
+"This little volume in calf binding, about 12mo size, is doubtless one of
+those referred to by Ed. Blount in his address to the Reader. The MS. is
+written in an exceedingly neat and small hand on the pages of the
+previously bound book, with margin lines ruled in red. At the top of the
+first page is written in a different hand, 'Edw. Blunt, Author.' The MS.
+contains 46 Characters in all, and is free from some evident blunders in
+the first printed copies, as if they had been done from dictation."
+
+This MS. in the Durham Cathedral Library is entered in the catalogue (of
+the Hunter MSS.) as "Characters by Edward Blunt," and dated "about 1636,"
+the date _in the MS._ having been overlooked.
+
+Dr. Fowler in _Notes and Queries_, Nov. 4th, 1871.
+
+EARLE'S MICROCOSMOGRAPHY.
+
+ --------------------------------------+------+----------+-----+-------+--------
+                                       |      |          |Bliss|       |
+                                       |Bliss,| Bliss,   |Sale,|British|
+ EDITION.                              |1811 .| 1812-57. |1858.|Museum |Bodleian
+ --------------------------------------+------+----------+-----+-------+--------
+ "W. Stansby for Edward Blount,"[EV]   |      |          |     |       |
+   1628(_a_)                           | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ "W. Stansby for Robert Allot," 1628   |      |          |     |       |
+   (_b_)[EW]                           | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+ "W. S. for Ed. Blount," 1628 (_c_)[EX]| Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+                             4th       | No   |   No     | No  |  No   |  No
+                             5th  1629 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+                             6th  1630 | No   |   No     | No  |  Yes  |  No
+                            "6th" 1633 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+                             7th  1638 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (A reprint of one of the              |      |          |     |       |
+   first four)                    1650 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (Very doubtful)                  1659 | No   |"Mr.      | No  |  No   |  No
+                                       |      |Gilchrist"|     |       |
+                                       |      |told him  |     |       |
+                                       |      |he possessed a  |       |
+                                       |      |copy by the same|       |
+                                       |      |printers as in  |       |
+                                       |      |1669 but with   |       |
+                                       |      |"1659."   |     |       |
+                             8th  1664 | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+                             9th  1669 | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+ (1669 edition, with new title)   1676 | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  No   |  No
+ (Reprint of 1633 edition)        1732 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (1732 edition, with new title         |      |          |     |       |
+   and small changes)             1740 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (Reprint of 1650 edition)        1786 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+ (Bliss's edition)                1811 |      |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (Arber's edition)        1868 or 1869 |      |          |     |  Yes  |  Yes
+ --------------------------------------+------+----------+-----+-------+--------
+
+                                         _British
+                                         Museum._   _Bodleian._   _Bliss._
+ _As to the three 1628 editions_--
+   A is regarded as                        1st          2nd         3rd
+   B      "      "                         2nd          3rd         2nd
+   C      "      "                         3rd          1st         1st
+
+C has "Newly composed for the Northerne parts of this Kingdome."
+
+  F. MADAN, _Sub-Librarian Bodleian Library_,
+  _February 11th, 1897._
+
+This table was compiled for me most kindly by Mr. MADAN. It answers the
+question, what editions Bliss knew of at _various times_.
+
+The following passage from Evelyn's Diary adds one more testimony to
+Earle. _Nov. 30th, 1662._ "Invited by the Deane of Westminster (Dr. Earle)
+to his consecration dinner and ceremony on his being made Bishop of
+Worcester. Dr. Bolton preached in the Abbey Church--then followed the
+consecration.... After this was one of the most plentiful and magnificent
+dinners that in my life I ever saw. It cost neere £600.... Here were the
+Judges, Nobility, Clergy, and gentlemen innumerable, this Bishop being
+universally belov'd for his sweete and gentle disposition. He was author
+of those characters which go under the name of Blount. He translated his
+late Majesty's Icon into Latine, was Clerk of his Closet, Chaplaine, Deane
+of Westminster, and yet a most humble, meeke, but cheerful man, an
+_excellent scholar_,[EY] and rare preacher. I had the honour to be loved
+by him. He married me at Paris, during his Majesties and the Churches
+exile. When I tooke leave of him he brought me to the Cloysters in his
+episcopal habit." He elsewhere speaks of "going to St. Germans to desire
+of Dr. Earle," then in attendance at the Prince of Wales' Court, that he
+would marry him "at the chapel of his Majesty's Resident at the Court of
+France," June 10th, 1647. A sermon of Earle's, "my deare friend now Deane
+of Westminster" is mentioned on Christmas Day 1660. It was one "condoling
+the breache made in the public joy by the lamented death of the Princess
+of Orange." My attention was drawn to these passages by a friend who
+claims descent from Bishop Earle--Mr. W. B. Alt, of New College, Oxford.
+
+A testimony from another _hand_[EZ] is quoted in Bliss's annotated copy.
+"How well he understood the world in his younger days appears by his smart
+characters; how little he valued it was seen in the careless indifference
+of his holy contemplative life."
+
+In Burnet's History of his own Times we are told that Charles II. "who had
+a secret pleasure in finding out anything that lessened a man esteemed
+eminent for piety, yet had a value for him (Earle) beyond all the men of
+his order." (See Arber's Reprint.) On the other hand the Parliament in
+1645 had named him as one to be summoned to the Assembly of Divines, but
+he declined to come.[FA]
+
+In 1654 there was printed at the Hague an Elzevir volume--"morum
+exemplar," _Latin_ characters by one Louis du Moulin. He aspires he says
+in the preface to be the Virgil or Seneca to Earle's Theocritus or
+Menander.
+
+This is his testimony to the characters.
+
+"Et sane salivam primum mihi movit vester Earles cujus characteribus, non
+puto quicquam exstare vel severius ubi seria tractat, vel festivius quands
+_innoxie_ jocatur: ant pictorem unquam penicillo propius ad nativam
+speciem expressisse hominis vultus, quam ille ejus mores patria lingua
+descripserit."
+
+It may be of interest to mention in connection with the title of Earle's
+book that the phrase of Menenius Agrippa in Coriolanus.--"The _Map_ of my
+Microcosm" actually occurs as a title of a book of characters by H.
+Broune, 1642, the alternative description being "a morall description of
+man newly compiled into Essays.
+
+Bliss's MS. book illustrates what I have said in the preface of the change
+in the character-sketch. The essay and the pamphlet gradually usurp the
+place of social studies. The great mass of the "characters" of the last
+half of the seventeenth century are political or religious. On the other
+hand, while the only _prose_ character in Bliss of the sixteenth century
+deals with the criminal classes, "a discoverie of ten English leapers
+verie noisome and hurtfull to the Church and Commonwealth," quoted in his
+MS. notebook, mixes such characters with "the Simoniacke," "the murmurer,"
+"the covetous man." The date is 1592. (The Tincker of Torvey (1630) also
+exhibits this mixture.)
+
+It may be worth while to add a few titles of books of characters, as
+illustrating the range of this class of literature, or as being in
+themselves interesting. They are from Bliss's own notes in his own copy of
+his book or in the MS. note book before referred to.
+
+1. "The Coffee-House--a character."
+
+                 {When coffee once was vended here,
+  Prefatory      {The Alc'ran shortly did appear,
+  verses.        {... reformers were such widgeons,
+                 {New liquors brought in new religions.
+
+2. Also a character of coffee and coffee-houses. "It was first brought
+into England when the palats of the English were as fanaticall as their
+brains.... The Englishman will be a la mode de France. With the barbarous
+Indian he smooks tobacco: with the Turk he drinks coffee."
+
+3. News from the new Exchange. The commonwealth of ladies. Printed in the
+_year of women with out Grace_, 1650.
+
+4. There are many countries characterized--Italy, Spain, Holland,
+Scotland. 'Holland' is in verse. It bears out Earle's contemptuous
+references to the Dutch. It is here called "The offscouring of the British
+land."
+
+    "This indigested vomit of the sea
+    Fell to the Dutch by just propriety."
+
+1672. [It will be found among Marvell's satires, but Bliss does not
+mention this.]
+
+5. "Scotland characteriz'd: in a letter to a young gentleman to dissuade
+him from an intended journey thither, 1701."
+
+6. "The noble cavalier characterized," "& a rebellious caviller
+cauterized," 1644 _or_ 5. An answer to Wither's Campo Musæ. A vigorous
+preface says--"To begin roundly, soundly, and profoundly, the Cavalier is
+a gentleman." By John Taylor.
+
+7. Lucifer's Lacky: the true character of a dissembling Brownist, 1641.
+
+8. "The Tincker of Torvey: a scholler, a cobler, a tincker, a smith; with
+Bluster, a seaman, travel from Billingsgate to Gravesend." 1650.
+
+9. "The interpreter," 1622, deals with "three principall terms of state--a
+puritan, a Protestant, a papist."
+
+10. "The Joviall Crew; or the Devill turn'd Ranter." 1651.
+
+11. [Greek: ta diapheronta]; or divine characters, in two parts, will have
+an interest for Bristol readers; it is "by that late burning and shining
+lamp, Master Samuel Crook, B.D., late Pastor of Wrington in Somerset, who
+being dead yet speaketh." 1658.
+
+12. "A character of the Religion and manners of Phanatiques in Generall,"
+1660, includes in the list "Seekers and Enthusiasts." The last sounds
+strange as _a species_.
+
+13. "The character of an Ignoramus Doctor," 1681, recalls The
+Microcosmography.
+
+14. The captive Captain, or the restrained Cavalier," 1665, also, in part,
+suggests Earle. "Of a Prison," "The anatomy of a Jayler," "The lean
+Prisoner," "The restrained Cavalier and his melancholy."
+
+15. Bliss also mentions "The character of a learned man," and gives some
+choice extracts. "Our sottish and idle enthusiasts are to be reproved who
+call learning but a _splendidum peccatum_." "Alexander commanded his
+soldiers neither to damnify Pindarus, the poet, nor any of his family."
+
+16. "A wandering Jew telling fortunes to Englishmen." 1640.
+
+17. "The spiritual navigators bound for the Holy Land." 1615.
+
+18. "The picture of a modern Whig: a dialogue between Whiglove and Double,
+at Tom's Coffee-House." 1715.
+
+19. In 1671 "Le vice ridicule" appeared. A sort of translation of Earle's
+characters.
+
+20. Pictures of Passions, Fancies, and Affections, poetically deciphered
+in variety of characters (no date).
+
+21. Characters of gentlemen that have put in to the Ladies Invention. This
+begins--"A little Beau of the city strain."
+
+22. Characters of several ingenious designing gentlewomen, who have lately
+put in to the Ladies Invention, which is intended to be drawn as soon as
+full. (There is no date to either of these.)
+
+One or two extracts may be added from Anthony Wood.
+
+"Lord Falkland, when he became one of the gentlemen of His Majesty's Privy
+Chamber, had frequent retirements to Great Tew and sometimes to Oxon, for
+the company of and conversation with learned and witty men. William
+Chillingworth (author of the Religion of Protestants), Joh. Earle,[FB]
+Charles Gataker (son of Thomas Gataker [the Editor of Marcus Aurelius] and
+Anthony Wood thinks Chaplain to Lord Falkland); Thomas Triplet, a very
+witty man of Christ Church; Hugh Cressey, and others.[FC] Cressey wrote a
+number of theological works, and in one of them occurs the testimony to
+Earle given in Bliss."
+
+The saturnine Anthony Wood is amusingly illustrated in two passages from
+his notice of Earle. "John Earle received his first being in this vain and
+transitory world within the city of York.... His elegy on Beaumont was
+printed at the end of the quarto edition of Beaumont's poems--put out with
+a poetical epistle before them, subscribed by a _Presbyterian
+bookbinder_--afterwards an informer to the Court of Sequestration ... _and
+a beggar defunct in prison_"! In the notice of Morley he tells us that
+"his banishment was made less tedious to him by the company of Dr. Joh.
+Earle, his dearest friend." It is sad to find that the translation of
+Hooker which was "to make the learned of all nations happy" was "utterly
+destroyed"--the loose papers being taken by the servants after Earle's
+death "to light their fires or else to put under their bread and pies."
+This translation "was Earle's entertainment during a part of his exile at
+Cologne." See the Bodleian letters quoted in Arber's Reprint. To that
+Reprint I have been much indebted for help of various kinds.
+
+My warmest thanks are due to Professor Rowley, of University College,
+Bristol, whom I have constantly consulted while preparing this issue of
+Dr. Bliss's edition. If one may be allowed a slight twist of a
+Shakspearian phrase, I would say of such help as his--"Ripeness is all."
+It is this quality that makes one at least of Professor Rowley's friends
+so grateful and so importunate.
+
+  S. T. I.
+  Clifton, April, 1897.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[EI] In a later hand.
+
+[EJ] Arcana in margin.
+
+[EK] Th. in margin, _i.e._, Th[omas].
+
+[EL] In a later hand.
+
+[EM] In the later hand.
+
+[EN] A fellow of Merton with Earle. His testimony to Earle is quoted by
+Bliss. Anthony Wood says of him, "that when he lost his most beloved Lord
+Falkland, at Newbury Fight, he travelled as a tutor, and upon a freight
+that the Church of England would terminate through the endeavours of the
+peevish and restless Presbyterians, began to think of settling himself in
+the Church of Rome." He recanted his errors publicly at Rome in 1646.
+
+[EO] Poetical?
+
+[EP] This epithet with Clarendon's "wary and cultivated" must be set
+against what Clarendon tells us of his "negligence in dress, habit and
+mien." Earle can never have been awkward. His courtesy was born with him,
+and he can never have needed (like "the downright scholar") "brushing over
+with good company."
+
+[EQ] Memoirs, vol. I, p. 81, ed. C. Firth.
+
+[ER] I ought to say that Mr. Madan, who was kind enough to look at my
+copy, does not think many of the notes are in Bliss's hand-writing.
+
+[ES] "More care, attention, accuracy and valuable enlargement from an
+inexhaustible stock of materials has rarely been witnessed than in the
+editorial labours of Dr. Bliss."--Dibdin, speaking of Bliss's edition of
+the Athenæ Oxonienses.
+
+[ET] Cowper's Letters, June 12th, 1782.
+
+[EU] Some of the MS. notes in my copy are the same as those in the printed
+volume.
+
+[EV] To Bliss's notice of {Blount Blunt}; it may be added that "Pericles"
+was printed for him in 1609; and the first edition of Marlow's "Hero and
+Leander" in 1598 ["printed for Edward Blunt by Adam Islip" (Philemon
+Holland's printer)]. Marlow's "First Book of Lucan" (1600) has a humorous
+and complimentary dedication to Blunt from another bookseller, Thomas
+Thorpe. See "Earlier History of English Bookselling." (Sampson and Low.)
+
+[EW] The second folio Shakespeare (1632) was printed for him.
+
+[EX] The 1613 edition of Hero and Leander was printed by W. Stansby for
+Ed. Blunt. He also published some of Ben Jonson's works.
+
+[EY] Sir Henry Savile, Provost of Eton, and editor of the famous
+Chrysostom, recognised Earle's scholarship. "When a young scholar was
+recommended to him for a good witt,--Out upon him! I'll have nothing to do
+with him--he would say, give me the plodding student. If I would look for
+witts, I would go to Newgate--There be the witts! and John Earle was the
+only scholar that ever he took as recommended for a witt."--_Aubrey._
+
+[EZ] David Lloyd, "Memoirs," 1668, folio.
+
+[FA] "The very Parliament naming him as worthy ... though he thought not
+it worthy of him."--_Ib._
+
+[FB] Aubrey calls him "an ingeniose young gent, but no writer."
+
+[FC] "Ben Jonson, Edmund Waller, Esq., Mr. Th. Hobbes, and all the
+excellent witts of that peaceable time."--_Aubrey._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Microcosmography, by John Earle
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Microcosmography, by John Earle
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Microcosmography
+       or, a Piece of the World Discovered; in Essays and Characters
+
+Author: John Earle
+
+Release Date: August 25, 2008 [EBook #26425]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MICROCOSMOGRAPHY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar, Christine D. and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<div class='padding'>
+<h1>MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;</h1>
+
+<p class='center'>OR,</p>
+
+<h2>A Piece of the World discovered;</h2>
+
+<p class='center'>IN</p>
+
+<p class='center'>ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class='padding'>
+<h1>MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;</h1>
+
+<p class='center'>OR,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>A PIECE OF THE WORLD<br />
+DISCOVERED;</p>
+
+<p class='center'>IN</p>
+
+<p class='center'>ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS</p>
+
+<h2>By JOHN EARLE, D.D.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class='padding'>
+<p class='center'><i>A Reprint of Dr. Bliss's Edition of 1811.</i></p>
+</div><div class='padding'>
+<p class='center'>WITH A PREFACE AND SUPPLEMENTARY<br />
+APPENDIX<br />
+By S. T. IRWIN.</p>
+</div><div class='padding'>
+<p class='center'>Bristol:<br />
+PUBLISHED BY W. CROFTON HEMMONS.<br />
+London:<br />
+<span class="smcap">Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent &amp; Co., Ltd.</span></p>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='padding'>
+<p class='center'>
+TO THE MEMORY<br />
+OF THE REVEREND DAVID WRIGHT,<br />
+"THE GRAVE DIVINE" OF THESE PAGES,<br />
+WHOSE NAME WILL LIVE IN BRISTOL<br />
+AS LONG AS MEN CARE FOR BEAUTY OF CHARACTER,<br />
+RICHNESS OF THOUGHT, OR DISTINCTION OF SPEECH,<br />
+THIS BRISTOL REPRINT IS INSCRIBED.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"From the contagion of the world's slow stain<br />
+He was secure."</p></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It may be reasonably asked why Dr. Bliss's<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> edition of the
+Microcosmography should require a preface, and the answer is that it does
+not require one. It would be difficult to have a more scholarly, more
+adequate, more self-sufficing edition of a favourite book. Almost
+everything that helps the elucidation of the text, almost everything about
+Bishop Earle that could heighten our affection for him (there is nothing
+known to his disparagement) is to be found here.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> And affection for the
+editor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span> is conciliated by the way. It is not only his standard of
+equipment that secures this&mdash;a standard that might have satisfied Mark
+Pattison<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a>&mdash;but also the painstaking love revealed in it, which, like
+every other true love, whether of men or books, will not give of that
+which costs it nothing. And, as a further title to our regard, Dr. Bliss
+is amusing at his own expense, and compares himself to Earle's "critic,"
+who swells books into folios with his comments. Not that this humorous
+self-depreciation is to be pressed; for, unlike that critic, he is no
+"troublesome vexer of the dead."</p>
+
+<p>But though there is no need of a preface, I have two excuses for writing
+one.</p>
+
+<p>The first is that I was asked to do it by my friend Mr. Frank George, of
+Bristol, who wished to see the book reprinted; and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span> second is the old
+<i>professio pietatis</i>, which seemed to Tacitus a sufficient defence of the
+Agricola, and may perhaps be allowed to serve humbler people as well. What
+Earle says of men is no less true of books: "Acquaintance is the first
+draught of a friend. Men take a degree in our respect till at last they
+wholly possess us;" and the history of this possession must, in every
+case, have a sort of interest, as long as it is not carried to the point
+of demanding from others the superlatives we permit to ourselves. It is
+sufficiently common for people to like the same book for different
+reasons; and where an author has a secure place in English literature, his
+shade, like the deity of Utopia, may be best pleased with a manifold and
+various worship.<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a></p>
+
+<p>The character of Earle, as drawn by Clarendon, is itself a guarantee for
+his studies of character; and the fact that Lord Falkland was his chosen
+friend is evidence of his possessing something of that sweet<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span>
+reasonableness of temper for which his host was so remarkable. "He was
+very dear" (we are told) "to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much
+time as he could make his own." Indeed, "Mr. Earles would frequently
+profess that he had got more useful learning by his conversation at Tew
+than he had at Oxford." Of Earle's conversation Clarendon says that it was
+"so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent and so very facetious, that
+no man's company was more desired and more loved." Walton, too, tells us
+of his "innocent wisdom and sanctified learning"; and another witness
+speaks of his "charitable heart," an epithet which is nobly borne out by
+the correspondence between himself and Baxter printed in this volume.</p>
+
+<p>This is no superfluous citation of testimony. Without it we might,
+perhaps, have suspected, though not, I think, legitimately, something
+almost of a cynical spirit in the severity of the punishment which he
+deals out to the various disguises of vice and imposture, and in the
+pitiless nakedness in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> which he leaves them. But there are even stronger
+reasons for recalling contemporary verdicts pronounced on Earle as a man.
+Hallam, in the "Literature of Europe,"<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> has a short notice of him, and
+though it shews some appreciation of his ability, it contains a very
+unworthy aspersion on his character. "The chapter on the sceptic," he
+says, "is witty, but an insult to the honest searcher after truth, which
+could only have come from one that was content to take up his own opinions
+for ease or profit." If we accept all that is said of Earle's piety and
+devotion, and give its proper weight to the very significant epithet
+"innocent," used both by Walton and Clarendon, we shall, I think, be slow
+to suspect his motive in attacking the sceptic. The honest doubter, it
+must be remembered, was not the familiar&mdash;much less the
+fashionable&mdash;figure he has become since, and it is very certain that Earle
+described one type of sceptic both of his day and our own. That his sketch
+may have done injustice to other types is likely enough;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span> but that is no
+reason for calling in question the sincerity of his opinions, or
+attributing an interested orthodoxy to one whom Bunyan might have
+christened Mr. Singleheart. The piety of the 17th Century was not disposed
+to be gentle to sceptics. Even Bacon's enlightenment allows itself harsher
+language on such subjects than any to be found in Earle. "None do refuse
+to believe in a God save those for <i>whom it maketh that there were no
+God</i>." And if Bacon is not thought a satisfactory witness, we have an
+unimpeachable one very much nearer to our time. Dr. Johnson's occasional
+strictures on sceptics are well-known, but his reputation for honest
+thinking has never been impaired by their severity. Earle knew what
+charity was, as the Baxter correspondence shows, and he has exposed in one
+of his characters "the faith that has no room for it"; and if his own
+faith needed further enlargement in the case of a sceptic,<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> some
+enlargement of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span> Hallam's charity might also have been looked for in
+dealing with the earnestness of a militant piety.</p>
+
+<p>The character-sketch is naturally a thing of limited scope. "Fine
+portraiture,"<a name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7" class="fnanchor">[G]</a> it has been said, "is not possible under such conditions
+as it imposes. The traits, common to a class, cannot at the same time be
+the accurate and intimate likeness of an individual. For this, a simple
+enumeration of actions which such and such a man will do, is not enough. A
+novelist takes a long series of connected actions, and even then he has to
+interpret, to review from time to time whole stages of development." All
+this is, no doubt, true, but the character-writers differ to a remarkable
+extent in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span> their individualising power&mdash;some of them achieving a high
+degree of success, as is subsequently admitted in the case of Thackeray by
+the writer just quoted. It may be noticed too, by the way, that great
+novelists are not always equally successful in the character-sketch. One
+is reminded of Johnson's phrase about Milton's inability "to carve heads
+upon cherry stones" when one thinks of "Theophrastus Such" on the one
+hand, and the almost unique position of George Eliot as a novelist on the
+other. Less successful as she often is in lightness of touch when she has
+to pause and interpret her story, she had not prepared us for such a
+complete exhaustion of power as her attempt in this branch of literature
+(apparently of the same genus, almost of the same species, as the novel)
+reveals to her disappointed admirers. It may, at any rate, be said that
+her failure is an instructive lesson in the literary division of labour,
+and that these studies require a peculiar delicacy of organisation in the
+observer, as well as a special gift of exposition.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Dolus latet in generalibus" is a salutary warning, but the
+character-writers, as a whole, have in most instances got creditably out
+of the snare, while Earle, I think, has achieved something more. Besides
+his humour and acuteness, besides even his profundity, I find in him an
+exceptional power of individualizing. "The contemplative man," for
+instance, belongs to a small class at all times; but it is only an
+individual we have known, and known at rare intervals, of whose
+Wordsworthian temper we are able to say that "Nature asks his approbation
+as it were of her works and variety." Again, "the grave divine, who is not
+yet dean or canon, though his life is our religion's best apology," reads
+throughout like a personal experience. I at least so read it, or I should
+not have borrowed from Earle for the dedication which stands at the head
+of this preface. Yet such identifications are usually reserved for the
+great novelist, whose highest art, as Macaulay says, is to "make the
+inventions of one man seem like the recollections of another."</p>
+
+<p>Some of Earle's readers appear to be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span> chiefly impressed with his book as
+furnishing "a picturesque idea of a period now remote, and as possessing
+much of the affected quaintness of its age."<a name="FNanchor_H_8" id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> The picturesqueness I
+find, and a good deal of quaintness; but the total impression is that of a
+man who has got beyond words, ancient or modern, in his studies of human
+nature&mdash;of one who, whether</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">"invectively he pierceth through<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The body of the country, city, court;"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>or is "anatomizing the wise man's folly," is as instructive a moralist in
+the end of the nineteenth century as in the beginning of the seventeenth.
+This, in a sense, is true of all great moralists, but the distinction of
+Earle, as I understand it, is that his characters are so often really
+people of our own day, with idiosyncracies that seem almost more
+applicable to our own age than to his.</p>
+
+<p>Society is almost a technical term to-day, susceptible, one would have
+said, of refinements<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span> of difference infinitely more various than anything
+that could have existed more than two hundred years ago; yet one cannot
+but feel that this observer would have been fully equal to drawing our
+microcosm as well as his own. Earle's is a penetrating observation which
+is always fresh&mdash;so fresh that no archaism of phrase in him, and no cheery
+optimism in ourselves, can disguise the fact that it is our weaknesses he
+is probing, our motives he is discovering.</p>
+
+<p>There are still with us "those well-behaved ghosts &AElig;neas met with&mdash;friends
+to talk with, and men to look on, but if he grasped them but air"&mdash;those
+shadowy creatures that "wonder at your ill-breeding,<a name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9" class="fnanchor">[I]</a> that cannot
+distinguish between what is spoken and what is meant."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We are no strangers to "the fashionable respect which loves not deeper
+mutualities, but though exceeding kind and friendly at your first
+acquaintance, is at the twentieth meeting but friendly still"; or to that
+similar temper which "nothing so much puts out as to trespass against the
+genteel way." And, to go a stage lower, the formal man still survives,
+whose "face is in so good a frame because he is not disjointed with other
+meditations&mdash;who hath staid in the world to fill a number; and when he is
+gone there wants one and there's an end."<a name="FNanchor_J_10" id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a> He, to be sure, has no
+conversation, and that is his discretion&mdash;but others display then as now a
+bolder discretion, and in their talk "fly for sanctuary rather to nonsense
+which few descry, than to nothing which all."</p>
+
+<p>But literary conversation is not forgotten.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span> It may be a stretch beyond
+the power of a latter-day imagination to fancy a visitor proposing to
+fascinate his company by some "scatterings of Seneca and Tacitus," or even
+to think ourselves back to a time when these "were good for all
+occasions." Yet, those who say "Chaucer<a name="FNanchor_K_11" id="FNanchor_K_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_K_11" class="fnanchor">[K]</a> for our money above all our
+English poets because the voice has gone so," (or had we better substitute
+Browning?),<a name="FNanchor_L_12" id="FNanchor_L_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_L_12" class="fnanchor">[L]</a> are still common enough examples of those who desire to
+acquire inexpensively the reputation of good taste.</p>
+
+<p>And there is another variety of modern artificiality which is not spared
+in this book. For the many forms of busy idleness, the worship of
+organisation and system, and all the other hindrances to life properly
+so-called,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xx" id="Page_xx">[xx]</a></span> which it has been the cherished labour of this age to
+multiply, Earle would have had no reserve of patience. "The dull
+physician," we are told, has no leisure <i>to be idle</i>, that is, to study.
+"The grave divine," who has "studied to make his shoulders sufficient for
+his burden, comes not up thrice a week into his pulpit because <i>he would
+not be idle</i>"; whereas the commendation of the young raw preacher is that
+"he speaks without book, and, indeed, he was never used to it."</p>
+
+<p>We may justly boast of the superior humanity of our century; but few would
+deny that the elaborate apparatus of modern philanthropy has too often
+become an end in itself, and absorption in it a serious detriment to any
+worthy preparation for the work of edifying. In the absence of leisure
+pulpits will hardly furnish us with that "sincere erudition which can send
+us clear and pure away unto a virtuous and happy life."<a name="FNanchor_M_13" id="FNanchor_M_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_M_13" class="fnanchor">[M]</a> Nor is such a
+loss compensated by an endless succession of services or even a whole
+street of committee-rooms.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One would not, however, wish to rest in negations or dwell in the last
+resort on Earle's critical attitude. One feels that the delightful house
+at Tew did not spend all or even its best strength on criticism. Earle may
+have there pursued the method of verification and studied his characters
+in the flesh. Perhaps he saw there "the staid man," and duly appraised
+this specimen of "nature's geometry";<a name="FNanchor_N_14" id="FNanchor_N_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_N_14" class="fnanchor">[N]</a> while his obvious gifts as a
+rational peace-maker, if not much needed in such a company, would not be
+overlooked by Lord Falkland. "The good old man," too is a portrait so
+strongly individualized that I cannot help thinking some very personal
+experience went to the making of it&mdash;experience of a sort that was sure to
+be revived at Tew, where "so good a relick of the old times" was not
+likely to be wanting. It was a house, at any rate, for the "modest man" to
+whom, as to the poet Cowper, public appearances were so many penances; for
+though the world may not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[xxii]</a></span> agree with Earle as to the degree in which this
+quality sets off a man, there is no question of Lord Falkland's welcome of
+the modest man, even if that grave divine "Mr. Earles," did not point out
+this diffident guest as one who "had a piece of singularity," and, for all
+his modesty, "scorned something."</p>
+
+<p>And, as "the most polite and <i>accurate</i> men of the University of
+Oxford"<a name="FNanchor_O_15" id="FNanchor_O_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_O_15" class="fnanchor">[O]</a> were to be met with at Tew, we may further hope that Earle
+there watched the social mellowing of the "downright scholar whose mind
+was too much taken up with his mind,"<a name="FNanchor_P_16" id="FNanchor_P_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_P_16" class="fnanchor">[P]</a> and strove to carry out his own
+recommendation, "practising him in men, and brushing him over with good
+company."</p>
+
+<p>Symposium is a word that has been much abused and vulgarised of late, but
+something like its true Platonic sense must have been realised by the
+company at Lord Falkland's,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span> as they "examined and refined those grosser
+propositions which laziness and consent made current in vulgar
+conversation":<a name="FNanchor_Q_17" id="FNanchor_Q_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_Q_17" class="fnanchor">[Q]</a> for a more Platonic programme it would be difficult to
+conceive. The pattern of the ideal republic is, we know, laid up somewhere
+in the heavens; but the republic of letters so far as it was represented,
+must have been as near the ideal in that house as it ever was on earth.
+And in this ideal one of Earle's characters already mentioned was not only
+a natural but a necessary element. "The contemplative man" is solitary, we
+are told, in company, but he would not be so in this company. "Outward
+show, the stream, the people," were not taken seriously at Lord
+Falkland's; and the man who "can spell heaven out of earth" would be the
+centre of a rare group&mdash;men upon whose fresh and eager appetites
+conversation that was "mysterious and inward" could not easily pall.</p>
+
+<p>Bishop Berkeley is one of the very few men who could answer with any
+plausibility<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span> to this last character of Earle's. But the marvellous
+amenity of his social gifts brings him a little closer to the kindly race
+of men than Earle thinks is usual with the contemplative student. In every
+other point it is an accurate piece of portraiture.<a name="FNanchor_R_18" id="FNanchor_R_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_R_18" class="fnanchor">[R]</a> Nature might well
+ask approbation of her works and variety from a man who was ever feeding
+his noble curiosity and never satisfying it. He, too, made a "ladder of
+his observations to climb to God." He, too, was "free from vice, because
+he had no occasion to employ it." "Such gifts," said the turbulent Bishop
+Atterbury of him, "I did not think had been the portion of any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">[xxv]</a></span> but
+angels." After this it is no hyperbole to say, as Earle does of the
+contemplative man, "He has learnt all can here be taught him, and comes
+now to heaven to see more."</p>
+
+<p>Though Clarendon does full justice to Earle's personal charm, he uses the
+epithets "sharp and witty" to describe his published "discourses"; and the
+piercing severity of his wit is illustrated everywhere in this book. It is
+clear, however, from the sympathetic sketches that Earle's was no <i>nil
+admirari</i> doctrine, and that while he saw grave need on all hands for men
+to clear their mind of cant, and their company of those who live by it, he
+had great store of affection for all that is noble or noble in the making.</p>
+
+<p>The "modest man" and the high-spirited man" are opposite types, but there
+is in both the worthy pursuit and the high ideal. Moreover, the second of
+those characters reveals a power of pathos which Earle might have
+developed with more opportunity.<a name="FNanchor_S_19" id="FNanchor_S_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_S_19" class="fnanchor">[S]</a> "The child" whom "his father has writ<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">[xxvi]</a></span>
+as his own little story" is another indication of the same mood.</p>
+
+<p>These sketches are full of suggestive melancholy&mdash;not the melancholy of
+the misanthrope, but the true melancholy&mdash;the melancholy of
+Virgil&mdash;<i>Invalidus etiamque tremens etiam inscius aevi.</i><a name="FNanchor_T_20" id="FNanchor_T_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_T_20" class="fnanchor">[T]</a></p>
+
+<p>There is another character drawn with a most incisive pathos, though less
+<i>Virgilian</i><a name="FNanchor_U_21" id="FNanchor_U_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_U_21" class="fnanchor">[U]</a> in its tone.</p>
+
+<p>The poor man, "with whom even those that are not friends <i>for ends</i> love
+not a dearness," and who, "with a great deal of virtue, obtains of himself
+not to hate men," is a pathetic figure, but he is something more. He is a
+sermon on human weakness, not drawn as some Iago might have drawn it with
+exultant mockery, but with the painful<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">[xxvii]</a></span> unflinching veracity of one who is
+ashamed of himself and of his kind. When one thinks how often this
+weakness is spoken of as if it were peculiar to the moneyed class or to
+the uneducated, and how many people whom one knows act and think as if
+poverty were a vice if not a crime, though they shrink from avowing it, so
+unqualified an exposure indicates a conscience of no common sensitiveness.</p>
+
+<p>Earle's wit and humour are deadly weapons, and it must be said that the
+trades and professions are treated with scant indulgence. He can even
+leave a mark like that of Junius when he has a mind. Thus the dull
+physician is present at "some desperate recovery, and is slandered with
+it, though he be guiltless"; and the attorney does not fear doomsday
+because "he hopes he has a trick to reverse judgment!"</p>
+
+<p>But though one would not ask on behalf of impostors or scoundrels for
+suspension of sentence, one does wish for more than a single picture of
+the young man "who sins to better his understanding." The companionship<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span>
+of one who by his 34th year "had so much dispatched the business of life
+that the oldest rarely attain to that knowledge and the youngest enter not
+the world with more innocence,"<a name="FNanchor_V_22" id="FNanchor_V_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_V_22" class="fnanchor">[V]</a> might have induced Earle to pourtray
+more than the weaknesses of immature manhood.</p>
+
+<p>We could not, however, have missed this or the other pictures of
+characterless persons whether young or "having attained no proficiency by
+their stay in the world." Inexperience may fail to recognise them and
+suffer for it; or the gilding of rank and fashion may win for such persons
+a name in society above that which they deserve, and the moralist is bound
+to unmask them. These studies nevertheless are somewhat sombre;<a name="FNanchor_W_23" id="FNanchor_W_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_W_23" class="fnanchor">[W]</a> and
+there is something much lighter and pleasanter in his presentation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">[xxix]</a></span> of
+some not unfamiliar phases of manners. There is the self-complacency that
+deals with itself like a "truant reader skipping over the harsh places";
+the frank discourtesy that finds something vicious in the conventions and
+"circumstance" of good breeding; the patronising insolence<a name="FNanchor_X_24" id="FNanchor_X_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_X_24" class="fnanchor">[X]</a> that "with
+much ado seems to recover your name"; the egoism of discontent that "has
+an accustomed tenderness not to be crossed in its fancy"; or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxx" id="Page_xxx">[xxx]</a></span> lastly, that
+affectation of reticence which is as modern as anything in the book,
+though its illustrations look so remote. Where we meet with such a temper,
+Earle's is still the right method&mdash;"we must deal with such a man as we do
+with Hebrew letters, spell him backwards and read him!"</p>
+
+<p>Despite all this searching analysis and the biting wit which accompanies
+it, I cannot think the epithet cynical, which I have heard ascribed to
+Earle, is defensible. There is a vast difference between recognising our
+frailty which is a fact, and insisting that our nature is made up of
+nothing else, which is not a fact. The severe critic and the cynic differ
+chiefly in this: the first reports distressing facts, the second invents
+disgraceful fictions; the one distrusts, the other insults our common
+nature; and in doing justice to the possibilities of that nature, no one
+has gone further than Earle in his "contemplative man."</p>
+
+<p>Something may be said of Earle's style before this introduction is brought
+to an end.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">[xxxi]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I do not think it is uniformly conspicuous<a name="FNanchor_Y_25" id="FNanchor_Y_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_Y_25" class="fnanchor">[Y]</a> for quaintness, or that
+there is much that can be called affectation; though occasionally an
+excess of brevity has proved too tempting, or the desire to individualize
+runs away with him.</p>
+
+<p>The following passages, taken at random from the Characters, seem to
+contain phrases that we should be well content to use to-day if we had
+thought of them.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>He sighs to see what innocence he hath outlived.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>We look on old age for his sake as a more reverent thing.</i></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">[xxxii]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>He has still something to distinguish him from a gentleman,
+though his doublet cost more.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>It is discourtesy in you to believe him.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>An extraordinary man in ordinary things.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>His businesses with his friends are to visit them.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>The main ambition of his life is not to be discredited.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>He preaches heresy if it comes in his way, though with a
+mind I must needs say very orthodox.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>These quotations have no very unfamiliar sound, nor much flavour of
+archaism about them. And there are many more, surprisingly free from
+conceits or other oddities, if we reflect that the book was written before
+Dryden was born, or modern prose with its precision and balance even
+thought of.</p>
+
+<p>There is one very distinguishing mark set on Earle's characters, the
+profundity of the analysis that accompanies the sketch. He lets us know
+not only what the grave divine or the staid man looks like, but why they
+are what they are, and all this without<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">[xxxiii]</a></span> turning his sketch into an essay.
+This mistake Bishop Hall is inclined to make, and Butler actually makes.
+The author of Hudibras, it seems, would have been too fortunate had he
+known where his own happiness lay&mdash;to wit in that "sting" of verse, which
+Cowper says prose neither has nor can have.</p>
+
+<p>When one compares the essay in its beginnings with the essay as we know it
+to-day, it is not difficult to understand the change of form in the
+character sketch. "The Character of a Trimmer"<a name="FNanchor_Z_26" id="FNanchor_Z_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_Z_26" class="fnanchor">[Z]</a> is a very powerful piece
+of writing, containing some very fine things, but Halifax could not make
+of it that finished piece of brevity which it would have become in Earle's
+hands. Latin criticism has the right word for his work&mdash;"densus."<a name="FNanchor_AA_27" id="FNanchor_AA_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_AA_27" class="fnanchor">[AA]</a> We
+could not pack<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiv" id="Page_xxxiv">[xxxiv]</a></span> the thinking closer if we wished. And yet if we do not
+care to reason a type out, there are pictures enough unspoilt by
+commentary.<a name="FNanchor_AB_28" id="FNanchor_AB_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_AB_28" class="fnanchor">[AB]</a> Earle has some of that delightful suddenness of
+illustration which Selden makes so captivating in his Table-Talk. At once
+we are made to see likeness or unlikeness, we hear no comment on it; since
+the artist desires no more moral than is to be looked for in his art.</p>
+
+<p>When on the other hand Earle makes more of the reason of the thing, he<a name="FNanchor_AC_29" id="FNanchor_AC_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_AC_29" class="fnanchor">[AC]</a>
+is literally "swift and sententious"&mdash;he never takes the opportunity to
+draw us into an instructive disquisition, or to assume airs of profundity.
+And his passing hint as to the cause of what <i>we see</i> no more injures any
+picture he may draw than Coleridge's prose<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">[xxxv]</a></span> argument at the side of the
+page destroys the imaginative spectacle in the Ancient Mariner.</p>
+
+<p>Earle, it has been said, "is not so thoroughly at home with men of all
+sorts and conditions as Overbury, who had probably seen far more of the
+world."<a name="FNanchor_AD_30" id="FNanchor_AD_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_AD_30" class="fnanchor">[AD]</a> However relatively true this may be, Earle's book [published
+1628] gives evidence of an experience of men as wide as it is intimate&mdash;an
+experience little short of marvellous in a resident Fellow of
+twenty-seven, whose younger years were chiefly distinguished for "oratory,
+poetry, and witty fancies."<a name="FNanchor_AE_31" id="FNanchor_AE_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_AE_31" class="fnanchor">[AE]</a> (Perhaps his youth may account for some of
+that excessive severity in handling follies which is occasionally
+noticeable.) The article in the "Dictionary of National Biography" gives a
+somewhat different impression of Earle as an observer. "The sketches
+throw," it says, "<i>the greatest light</i> upon the social condition of the
+time." Now this is not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">[xxxvi]</a></span> possible for anyone to achieve whose vision
+requires "the spectacles of books"; though with such help it is doubtless
+possible to extend and improve on the observations of others, with human
+nature as a constant quantity. But to be at home with one's contemporaries
+and to record one's intimacy means to see with the eye as well as the
+mind. The slow inductive method of personal contact is indispensable; and
+no reasoning from first principles, no assimilating of secondhand
+experience, with whatever touches of genius, can be mistaken for it.</p>
+
+<p>It is not likely that the Registrar's house (his father's house) at York
+added much to Earle's sketch-book; and we have to fall back on what
+Clarendon says of his delightful conversation, and by implication, of his
+delight in it. In the society of a University and in the life of a
+University town there would be presented to an observer of his exceptional
+penetration enough of the fusion or confusion of classes to furnish the
+analytical powers with a tolerably wide field.</p>
+
+<p>And Earle does not suffer by comparison<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">[xxxvii]</a></span> with his rivals. "The concise
+narrative manner"<a name="FNanchor_AF_32" id="FNanchor_AF_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_AF_32" class="fnanchor">[AF]</a> of Theophrastus, though in its way as humorously
+informing as we find Plautus and Terence, and as we should have found the
+New Comedy which they copied, leaves us a little cold from the looseness
+or the connexion in the quasi-narrative: we rise a little unsatisfied from
+the ingenious banquet of conversational scraps; we desire more. Overbury,
+again, says less than Earle, and is more artificial in saying it. Butler
+and Bishop Hall too directly suggest <i>the essay</i><a name="FNanchor_AG_33" id="FNanchor_AG_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_AG_33" class="fnanchor">[AG]</a> and the sermon. In no
+one of them is brevity so obviously the soul of wit as it is in Earle; no
+one of them is so humorously thoughtful, so lucid in conception, so
+striking in phrase.</p>
+
+<p>When one has reckoned up all these gifts, and all that his friends and
+contemporaries<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">[xxxviii]</a></span> said of him, and remember also who and what these friends
+were, one is not startled by the eulogistic epitaph in Merton College
+Chapel; these words are as moving as they are strong:</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>Si nomen ejus necdum suboleat, Lector,<br />
+Nomen ejus ut pretiosa unguenta;<br />
+Johannes Earle Eboracensis.</p>
+
+
+<p>But his own choicer Latin in the epitaph he wrote for the learned Peter
+Heylin would serve no less well for himself; and the beautiful brevity of
+its closing cadences has so much of the distinction of his English, and
+puts so forcibly what Earle deserves to have said of him, that it may
+fitly be the last word here:</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>Plura ejusmodi meditanti<br />
+mors indixit silentium:<br />
+ut sileatur<br />
+efficere non potest.<br /></p>
+
+
+<p class='right'>S.T.I.</p>
+
+<p>Clifton, May, 1896.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> It came out in 1811. Forty-four years afterwards he wrote
+that in his interleaved copy the list of Seventeenth Century Characters
+had increased fourfold&mdash;good evidence of his affection for and interest in
+Earle's Characters. Yet he despaired of anyone republishing a book so
+"common and unimportant" (??). (See Arber's reprint of Earle.) It is to
+the credit of Bristol that this pessimism has not been justified.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Since writing this preface I have added a small supplementary
+appendix; but there is nothing in it to require much qualification of the
+opinion here expressed. It was hardly possible, as I gather, for Bliss to
+have known of the Durham MS.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Mr. John Morley has called Pattison's standard "the highest
+of our time." Bliss's conception of an editor's duties is well illustrated
+in the note on p. 73.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> "Varium ac multiplicem expetens cultum deus."&mdash;<i>Mori Utopia
+Lib. II.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Vol. iii., pp. 153 and 154.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> Were the unorthodox opinions of Hobbes known to his friends
+as early as 1647? If so, Earle could hardly have been very curious in
+scenting out heresy, for Clarendon hopes Earle's intercession may secure
+for him a book of Hobbes's. (See letters of <a href="#CLARENDON_STATE_PAPERS_No_1465">Clarendon</a> in Supplementary
+Appendix.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> Professor Jebb, in his edition of The Characters of
+Theophrastus. I rejoice to see that Professor Jebb assigns Earle a place
+of far more distinction than is implied in the measured tribute of Hallam.
+His preface furnishes lovers of Earle with just those reasoned opinions
+with which instinctive attraction desires to justify itself; and I take
+this opportunity of acknowledging my great obligations to it.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span class="label">[H]</span></a> Hallam. The same tone is taken in the article on Earle in the
+"Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span class="label">[I]</span></a> Mr. Bridges indeed, ("Achilles in Scyros"), finds that this
+character has been always with us, and gives it a place in the Heroic Age.
+The passage has almost the note of Troilus and Cressida:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">"My invitation, Sir,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was but my seal of full denial, a challenge<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For honor's eye not to be taken up.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your master hath slipped in manners."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span class="label">[J]</span></a> We may compare Matthew Arnold's travelling companion ("Essays
+in Criticism," 1st Edition, Preface), who was so nervous about railway
+murders, and who refused to be consoled by being reminded that though the
+worst should happen, there would still be the old crush at the corner of
+Fenchurch Street, and that he would not be missed: "the great mundane
+movement would still go on!"</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_K_11" id="Footnote_K_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_K_11"><span class="label">[K]</span></a> Chaucer could hardly have been well-known in 1811, or Dr.
+Bliss would scarcely have quoted in full the most familiar character in
+his Prologue; but I could not find courage to excise, or lay a profane
+hand on any of his notes.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_L_12" id="Footnote_L_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_L_12"><span class="label">[L]</span></a> It is, perhaps, superfluous to say that no disrespect is
+intended to the Author of the "Ring and the Book"; but it would be
+difficult to find another poet who has had so many of the equivocal
+tributes of fashion.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_M_13" id="Footnote_M_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_M_13"><span class="label">[M]</span></a> Sir Thomas Browne, "Christian Morals."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_N_14" id="Footnote_N_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_N_14"><span class="label">[N]</span></a> "So infinite a fancy, bound in by a most logical
+ratiocination."&mdash;<i>Clarendon (of Lord Falkland).</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_O_15" id="Footnote_O_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_O_15"><span class="label">[O]</span></a> Clarendon.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_P_16" id="Footnote_P_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_P_16"><span class="label">[P]</span></a> "A great cherisher of good parts ... and if he found men
+clouded with poverty, or want, a most liberal and bountiful
+patron."&mdash;<i>Clarendon, ib.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_Q_17" id="Footnote_Q_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Q_17"><span class="label">[Q]</span></a> Clarendon, <i>ib.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_R_18" id="Footnote_R_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_R_18"><span class="label">[R]</span></a> Between Earle himself and Berkeley there is much resemblance.
+Of Berkeley too it would have been said&mdash;"a person certainly of the
+sweetest and most obliging nature that lived in our age"; and this
+resemblance extends beyond their social gifts or their cast of mind, even
+to their language. Earle's "vulgar-spirited" man, with whom "to thrive is
+to do well," recalls a famous passage in the Siris.
+</p><p>
+"He that hath not thought much about God, the human soul, and the <i>summum
+bonum</i>, may indeed be a <i>thriving</i> earth-worm, but he will make a sorry
+patriot, and a sorry statesman."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_S_19" id="Footnote_S_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_S_19"><span class="label">[S]</span></a> Is this from Pliny's Letters? "Totum patrem mira similitudine
+exscripserat."&mdash;<i>Lib.</i> V. xvi.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_T_20" id="Footnote_T_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_T_20"><span class="label">[T]</span></a> One may recall, too, the famous words of the Sophoclean Ajax
+to his son in connection with Earle's phrases. "He is not come to his task
+of melancholy," "he arrives not at the mischief of being wise," read like
+a free translation of Soph. Ajax, II. 554 and 555.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_U_21" id="Footnote_U_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_U_21"><span class="label">[U]</span></a> Perhaps the simile in &AElig;n. viii. 408 and one or two other
+places would justify us in calling this also Virgilian, as, indeed, one
+may call most good things.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_V_22" id="Footnote_V_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_V_22"><span class="label">[V]</span></a> Clarendon&mdash;his character of Lord Falkland.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_W_23" id="Footnote_W_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_W_23"><span class="label">[W]</span></a> There are certain things not at all sombre applicable not
+only to our day, but to our <i>hour</i>, <i>e.g.</i> "the poet (I regret to say he
+is 'a pot poet,') now much employed in commendations of our navy"; or
+this, "His father sent him to the University, because he heard there were
+the best fencing and dancing schools there." If we substitute athletics of
+some kind, we have a very modern reason for the existence of such things
+as Universities accepted as sound by both parents and children. <i>cf.</i> too
+Dr. Bliss's note on the serving-man, and its quotation, "An' a man have
+not skill in the hawking and hunting languages nowadays, I'll not give a
+rush for him!"</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_X_24" id="Footnote_X_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_X_24"><span class="label">[X]</span></a> <i>cf.</i> Falconbridge in "King John":
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And if his name be George I'll call him Peter,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For new-made honour doth forget men's names."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+It is this character which was the occasion of the most delightful of all
+stories of absence of mind, and though, doubtless, familiar to many, I
+cannot resist repeating it. The poet Rogers was looking at a new picture
+in the National Gallery in company with a friend. Rogers was soon
+satisfied, but his friend was still absorbed. "I say," said Rogers, "<i>that
+fellow</i> [Earle's insolent man] was at Holland House again last night, and
+he came up and asked me if my name was Rogers." "Yes," said the friend,
+still intent on the picture, "<i>and was it</i>?</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_Y_25" id="Footnote_Y_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Y_25"><span class="label">[Y]</span></a> The article in the "Dictionary of National Biography" lays
+stress on the freedom from conceits in Earle's few poems at a time when
+conceits were universal. The lines on Sir John Burroughs contain a couplet
+which is wonderfully close to Wordsworth's "Happy Warrior":
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"His rage was tempered well, no fear could daunt<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>His reason</i>, his <i>cold</i> blood was valiant."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>cf.</i> "Who in the heat of conflict keeps <i>the law</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i2">In <i>calmness</i> made."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Earle's standard in poetry was high. "Dr. Earle would not allow Lord
+Falkland to be a good poet though a Great Witt," yet many poets praised
+his verses. Aubrey, who tells us of Earle's opinion, confirms it. "He
+(Lord Falkland) writt not a smooth verse, but a great deal of sense."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_Z_26" id="Footnote_Z_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Z_26"><span class="label">[Z]</span></a> "The Trimmer" is no doubt a political manifesto&mdash;but no
+retreat from politics could have chastened Halifax's style into a
+resemblance to Earle's; when the "Character" became a political weapon,
+its literary identity was all but at an end. "The Trimmer" is commended by
+Macaulay in his History, where it will be remembered he pays a tribute to
+its "vivacity."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AA_27" id="Footnote_AA_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AA_27"><span class="label">[AA]</span></a> Quintilian uses it of Thucydides.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AB_28" id="Footnote_AB_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AB_28"><span class="label">[AB]</span></a> The "She precise hypocrite" is a striking example&mdash;one of
+Earle's most humorous pieces.
+</p><p>
+<i>cf.</i> also "The plain country fellow."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AC_29" id="Footnote_AC_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AC_29"><span class="label">[AC]</span></a> The pictures, with the moral attached, are best seen in
+places: in "The Tavern, the best theatre of natures"; in "The Bowl-alley,
+an emblem of the world where some few justle in to the mistress fortune";
+in Paul's Walk, "where all inventions are emptied and not a few pockets!"</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AD_30" id="Footnote_AD_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AD_30"><span class="label">[AD]</span></a> Professor Jebb, preface to "The Characters of
+Theophrastus."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AE_31" id="Footnote_AE_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AE_31"><span class="label">[AE]</span></a> Anthony Wood.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AF_32" id="Footnote_AF_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AF_32"><span class="label">[AF]</span></a> Professor Jebb.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AG_33" id="Footnote_AG_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AG_33"><span class="label">[AG]</span></a> Professor Jebb justly replies to Hallam that if La Bruy&egrave;re
+is far superior to Theophrastus the scope of the two writers makes the
+comparison unfair. The difference between them may perhaps be expressed by
+saying that an essay was the last thing that the master and the first
+thing that the disciple was anxious to produce.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxix" id="Page_xxxix">[xxxix]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<p class='center'>OF THE</p>
+
+<h2>SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+
+<p class='center'>(1) <span class="smcap">The Durham MS.</span></p>
+
+<p>In the Cathedral Library at Durham is a small bound volume which contains
+forty-six of Earle's Characters, bearing date 1627<a name="FNanchor_AH_34" id="FNanchor_AH_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_AH_34" class="fnanchor">[AH]</a>,&mdash;the date of the
+first edition being 1628. I was enabled by the kindness of Dr. Greenwell,
+the Librarian, to take it away and examine it at leisure; and the courtesy
+of the University Librarian, Dr. Fowler, furnished me with an exact
+collation of the MS. versions with the printed text<a name="FNanchor_AI_35" id="FNanchor_AI_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_AI_35" class="fnanchor">[AI]</a> of these<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xl" id="Page_xl">[xl]</a></span>
+forty-six Characters, the original of the contributions made by him to
+"Notes and Queries," and referred to in the "Dictionary of National
+Biography."</p>
+
+<p>(2) I have printed, besides, some other versions quoted by Bliss from "Dr.
+Bright's MS.," and incorporated in his annotated copy of his own book.
+These are often the same with those of the Durham MS. I should mention
+that though this annotated copy is in the Bodleian Library, the
+Sub-Librarian, Mr. Falconer Madan, "knows of no 'Bright MS.,'<a name="FNanchor_AJ_36" id="FNanchor_AJ_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_AJ_36" class="fnanchor">[AJ]</a> nor
+where Bliss's MS. with that name is." The copy in question contains so
+much additional matter that I have added a few things from it, but my
+space was necessarily limited; there is good evidence in it of Bliss's
+statement that he had continued collecting materials for the book for
+forty-four years after its publication. Moreover, in the "Bliss Sale
+Catalogue" in the Bodleian there are some 530 books of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">[xli]</a></span> Characters
+(including duplicates). I am myself in possession, as I believe, of a copy
+of Bliss's edition which belonged to himself, and which is annotated by
+himself and Haslewood.<a name="FNanchor_AK_37" id="FNanchor_AK_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_AK_37" class="fnanchor">[AK]</a> It contains a castrated title-page (originally
+Bliss suppressed his name) and a notice of the book in the "Monthly
+Review" of 1812.</p>
+
+<p>(3) I have added a few "testimonies" to Earle from Anthony Wood and
+others.</p>
+
+<p>(4) I have printed three letters from Clarendon to Earle from the
+"Clarendon State Papers," with short extracts from two others; as well as
+two letters of Earle's from the Bodleian Library&mdash;interesting rather as
+personal relics than as containing anything very significant. All that
+relates to its author will, I believe, be acceptable to lovers of the
+"Cosmography."</p>
+
+<p>For this additional matter, as well as for other help and counsel, I am
+indebted to Mr. Charles Firth, of Balliol College, Oxford, whose learning
+is always at the service of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">[xlii]</a></span> his friends, and who stands in no need of the
+old injunction&mdash;"not to be reserved and caitiff in this part of goodness."</p>
+
+<p>(5) From a notebook of Bliss's (in MS.) in my possession I have added a
+few titles of Books of Characters.</p>
+
+<p>I have retained in this Appendix the spelling I found. Bliss's text has,
+with a few exceptions (possibly accidental), the modern spelling.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AH_34" id="Footnote_AH_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AH_34"><span class="label">[AH]</span></a> Dec. 14th, 1627. [At the end, by way of Colophon:] at the
+top of page 1, in a different hand, "Edw. Blunt Author." This MS. was
+obviously one of "the <i>written copies</i>, passing severally from hand to
+hand, which grew at length to be a pretty number in a little volume." (See
+Blount's Preface to the Reader.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AI_35" id="Footnote_AI_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AI_35"><span class="label">[AI]</span></a> As it appears in Arber's Reprint.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AJ_36" id="Footnote_AJ_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AJ_36"><span class="label">[AJ]</span></a> The "Bright MS." was obviously later than that in the Durham
+Cathedral Library, since it contained several Characters known to have
+been added to the first edition.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AK_37" id="Footnote_AK_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AK_37"><span class="label">[AK]</span></a> Joseph Haslewood, Antiquary. One of the founders of the
+Roxburghe Club.</p></div></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xliii" id="Page_xliii">[xliii]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='padding'>
+<h1>MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;<br /></h1>
+
+<p class='center'>OR</p>
+
+<h1>A Piece of the World discovered;</h1>
+
+<p class='center'>IN</p>
+
+<p class='center'>ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>BY JOHN EARLE, D.D.<br />
+OF CHRIST-CHURCH AND MERTON COLLEGES, OXFORD,<br />
+AND BISHOP OF SALISBURY.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>A NEW EDITION.<br />
+TO WHICH ARE ADDED,<br />
+NOTES AND AN APPENDIX,<br />
+BY PHILIP BLISS,<br />
+FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD.</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>LONDON:</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>PRINTED FOR WHITE AND COCHRANE, FLEET-STREET;<br />
+AND<br />
+JOHN HARDING. ST. JAMES'S-STREET.<br />
+<br />
+1811.</p></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlv" id="Page_xlv">[xlv]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ADVERTISEMENT" id="ADVERTISEMENT"></a>ADVERTISEMENT.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The present edition of Bishop Earle's Characters was undertaken from an
+idea that they were well worthy of republication, and that the present
+period, when the productions of our early English writers are sought after
+with an avidity hitherto unexampled, would be the most favourable for
+their appearance.</p>
+
+<p>The text has been taken from the edition of 1732, collated with the first
+impression in 1628. The variations from the latter are thus
+distinguished:&mdash;those words or passages which have been added since the
+first edition are contained between brackets, [and printed in the common
+type]; those which have received some alteration, are printed in <i>italic</i>,
+and the passages, as they stand in the first edition, are always given in
+a note.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlvi" id="Page_xlvi">[xlvi]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>For the Notes, Appendix, and Index, the editor is entirely answerable, and
+although he is fully aware that many superfluities will be censured, many
+omissions discovered, and many errors pointed out, he hopes that the
+merits of the original author will, in a great measure, compensate for the
+false judgment or neglect of his reviver.</p>
+
+<p><i>January</i> 30, 1811.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlvii" id="Page_xlvii">[xlvii]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_PREFACE" id="THE_PREFACE"></a>THE PREFACE</h2>
+
+<p class='center'>[TO THE EDITION OF 1732<a name="FNanchor_AL_38" id="FNanchor_AL_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_AL_38" class="fnanchor">[AL]</a>.]</p>
+
+
+<p>This little book had six editions between 1628 and 1633, without any
+author's name to recommend it: I have heard of an eighth in 1664. From
+that of 33 this present edition is reprinted, without altering any thing
+but the plain errors of the press, and the old pointing and spelling in
+some places.</p>
+
+<p>The language is generally easy, and proves our English tongue not to be so
+very changeable as is commonly supposed; nay, sometimes the phrase seems a
+little obscure, more by the mistakes of the printer than the distance of
+time. Here and there we meet with a broad expression, and some characters
+are far below others; nor is it to be expected that so great a variety of
+portraits should all be drawn with equal excellence, though there are
+scarce any without some masterly touches. The change of fashions
+unavoidably casts a shade upon a few places, yet even those contain an
+exact picture of the age wherein they were written, as the rest does of
+mankind in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlviii" id="Page_xlviii">[xlviii]</a></span> general: for reflections founded upon nature will be just in
+the main, as long as men are men, though the particular instances of vice
+and folly may be diversified. Paul's Walk is now no more, but then good
+company adjourn to coffee-houses, and, at the reasonable fine of two or
+three pence, throw away as much of their precious time as they find
+troublesome.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps these valuable essays may be as acceptable to the public now as
+they were at first; both for the entertainment of those who are already
+experienced in the ways of mankind, and for the information of others who
+would know the world the best way, that is&mdash;without trying it<a name="FNanchor_AM_39" id="FNanchor_AM_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_AM_39" class="fnanchor">[AM]</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AL_38" id="Footnote_AL_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AL_38"><span class="label">[AL]</span></a> <i>London: Printed by E. Say, Anno Domini</i> <span class="smcap">m.dcc.xxxii.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AM_39" id="Footnote_AM_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AM_39"><span class="label">[AM]</span></a> A short account of Earle, taken from the <i>Athen&aelig; Oxonienses</i>
+is here omitted.</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlix" id="Page_xlix">[xlix]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ADVERTISEMENT1" id="ADVERTISEMENT1"></a>ADVERTISEMENT</h2>
+
+<p class='center'>[TO THE EDITION OF 1786<a name="FNanchor_AN_40" id="FNanchor_AN_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_AN_40" class="fnanchor">[AN]</a>.]</p>
+
+
+<p>As this entertaining little book is become rather scarce, and is replete
+with so much good sense and genuine humour, which, though in part adapted
+to the times when it first appeared, seems, on the whole, by no means
+inapplicable to any &aelig;ra of mankind, the editor conceives that there needs
+little apology for the republication. A farther inducement is, his having,
+from very good authority, lately discovered<a name="FNanchor_AO_41" id="FNanchor_AO_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_AO_41" class="fnanchor">[AO]</a> that these <i>Characters</i>
+(hitherto known only under the title of <i>Blount's</i><a name="FNanchor_AP_42" id="FNanchor_AP_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_AP_42" class="fnanchor">[AP]</a>),<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_l" id="Page_l">[l]</a></span> were actually
+drawn by the able pencil of <span class="smcap">John Earle</span>, who was formerly bishop of Sarum,
+having been translated to that see from Worcester, A.D. 1663, and died at
+Oxford, 1665.</p>
+
+<p>Isaac Walton, in his Life of Hooker, delineates the character of the said
+venerable prelate.</p>
+
+<p>It appears from Antony Wood's Athen. Oxon. under the Life of Bishop Earle,
+that this book was first of all published at London in 1628, under the
+name of "<i>Edward Blount</i>."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AN_40" id="Footnote_AN_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AN_40"><span class="label">[AN]</span></a> <i>"Microcosmography; or, a Piece of the World characterized;
+in Essays and Characters. London, printed A.D. 1650. Salisbury, Reprinted
+and sold by E. Easton, 1786. Sold also by G. and T. Wilkie, St. Paul's
+Church-yard, London."</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AO_41" id="Footnote_AO_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AO_41"><span class="label">[AO]</span></a> I regret extremely that I am unable to put the reader in
+possession of this very acute discoverer's name.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AP_42" id="Footnote_AP_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AP_42"><span class="label">[AP]</span></a> This mistake originated with Langbaine, who, in his account
+of Lilly, calls Blount "a gentleman who has made himself known to the
+world by the several pieces of his own writing, (as <i>Hor&aelig; Subseciv&aelig;</i>, his
+<i>Microcosmography</i>, &amp;c.") <i>Dramatic Poets</i>, 8vo, 1691, p. 327.</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_li" id="Page_li">[li]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="EDITIONS_OF_MICROCOSMOGRAPHY" id="EDITIONS_OF_MICROCOSMOGRAPHY"></a>EDITIONS OF "MICROCOSMOGRAPHY."</h2>
+
+
+<p>The first edition (of which the Bodleian possesses a copy, 8vo. P. 154.
+Theol.) was printed with the following title: "<i>Microcosmographie: or, a
+Peece of the World discovered; In Essayes and Characters. Newly composed
+for the Northerne parts of this Kingdome. At London. Printed by W. S. for
+Ed. Blount, 1628</i>." This contains only fifty-four characters<a name="FNanchor_AQ_43" id="FNanchor_AQ_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_AQ_43" class="fnanchor">[AQ]</a>, which in
+the present edition are placed first. I am unable to speak of any
+subsequent copy, till one in the following year, (1629), printed for
+Robert Allot<a name="FNanchor_AR_44" id="FNanchor_AR_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_AR_44" class="fnanchor">[AR]</a>, and called in the title "<i>The first edition much
+enlarged</i>." This, as Mr. Henry Ellis kindly informs me, from a copy in the
+British Museum, possesses seventy-six characters. The <i>sixth</i> was printed
+for Allot, in 1633, (<i>Bodl. Mar.</i> 441,) and has seventy-eight, the
+additional<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_lii" id="Page_lii">[lii]</a></span> ones being "a herald," and "a suspicious, or jealous man." The
+<i>seventh</i> appeared in 1638, for Andrew Crooke, agreeing precisely with the
+sixth; and in 1650 the <i>eighth</i>. A copy of the latter is in the curious
+library of Mr. Hill, and, as Mr. Park acquaints me, is without any
+specific edition numbered in the title. I omit that noticed by the editor
+of 1732, as printed in 1664, for if such a volume did exist, which I much
+doubt, it was nothing more than a copy of the eighth with a new
+title-page. In 1732 appeared the <i>ninth</i>, which was a reprint of the
+<i>sixth</i>, executed with care and judgment. I have endeavoured in vain to
+discover to whom we are indebted for this republication of bishop Earle's
+curious volume, but it is probable that the person who undertook it, found
+so little encouragement in his attempt to revive a taste for the
+productions of our early writers, that he suffered his name to remain
+unknown. Certain it is that the impression, probably not a large one, did
+not sell speedily, as I have seen a copy, bearing date 1740, under the
+name of "<i>The World display'd: or several Essays; consisting of the
+various Characters and Passions of its principal Inhabitants</i>," &amp;c.
+London, printed for C. Ward, and R. Chandler. The edition printed at
+Salisbury, in 1786, (which has only seventy-four characters,) with that
+now offered to the public, close the list.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AQ_43" id="Footnote_AQ_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AQ_43"><span class="label">[AQ]</span></a> Having never seen or been able to hear of any copy of the
+second, third, or fourth editions, I am unable to point out when the
+additional characters first appeared.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AR_44" id="Footnote_AR_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AR_44"><span class="label">[AR]</span></a> Robert Allot, better known as the editor of <i>England's
+Parnassus</i>, appears to have succeeded Blount in several of his
+copy-rights, among others, in that of Shakspeare, as the second edition
+(1632) was printed for him.</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_liii" id="Page_liii">[liii]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>PAGE</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Preface to the Reprint of 1897</i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Advertisement to the present edition (1811)</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Preface to the edition of 1732</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_xlvii">xlvii</a>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Advertisement to the edition of 1786</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_xlix">xlix</a>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Editions of <i>Microcosmography</i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_li">li</a>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Blount's Preface to the Reader</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_lix">lix</a>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A child</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A young raw preacher</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A grave divine</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meer dull physician</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An alderman</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A discontented man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An antiquary</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A younger brother</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meer formal man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A church papist</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A self-conceited man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_liv" id="Page_liv">[liv]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A too idly reserved man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A tavern</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A shark</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A carrier</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A young man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An old college butler</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An upstart country knight</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An idle gallant</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A constable</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A downright scholar</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A plain country fellow</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A player</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A detractor</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A young gentleman of the university</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A weak man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A tobacco-seller</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A pot poet</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A plausible man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A bowl-alley</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The world's wise man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A surgeon</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A contemplative man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A she precise hypocrite</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A sceptick in religion</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_lv" id="Page_lv">[lv]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An attorney</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A partial man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A trumpeter</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A vulgar spirited man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A plodding student</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_101">101</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Paul's walk</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A cook</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A bold forward man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_108">108</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A baker</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A pretender to learning</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_112">112</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A herald</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The common singing-men in cathedral churches</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_116">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A shop-keeper</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A blunt man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A handsome hostess</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A critic</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A serjeant, or catch-pole</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An university dun</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A stayed man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>[All from this character were added after the first edition.]</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A modest man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_131">131</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meer empty wit</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A drunkard</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_lvi" id="Page_lvi">[lvi]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A prison</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A serving-man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An insolent man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Acquaintance</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_144">144</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meer complimental man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A poor fiddler</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meddling-man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_151">151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A good old man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_153">153</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A flatterer</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_155">155</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A high spirited man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_158">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meer gull citizen</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A lascivious man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_165">165</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A rash man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_167">167</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An affected man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_169">169</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A profane man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_171">171</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A coward</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A sordid rich man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_174">174</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A meer great man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A poor man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An ordinary honest man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_181">181</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A suspicious, or jealous man</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_183">183</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_lvii" id="Page_lvii">[lvii]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX_CONTENT" id="APPENDIX_CONTENT"></a>APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>Some account of bishop Earle<a name="FNanchor_AS_45" id="FNanchor_AS_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_AS_45" class="fnanchor">[AS]</a></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_186">186</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Characters of bishop Earle</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>List of Dr. Earle's Works</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_197">197</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lines on sir John Burroughs</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_199">199</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lines on the death of the earl of Pembroke</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lines on Mr. Beaumont</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_203">203</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dedication to the Latin translation of the <ins class="greek" title="Eik&ocirc;n Basilik&ecirc;">&#917;&#953;&#954;&#969;&#957; &#914;&#945;&#963;&#953;&#955;&#953;&#954;&#951;</ins></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Inscription on Dr. Heylin's monument</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Correspondence between Dr. Earle and Mr. Bagster</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Inscription in Streglethorp church</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_217">217</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Chronological List of Books of Characters, from 1567 to 1700</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_219">219</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Corrections and additions</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_279">279</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A note on bishop Earle's arms, from <i>Guillim's Heraldry</i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_282">282</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Supplementary Appendix, 1897, (Durham MS., Letters of Earle and Clarendon, etc.)</i></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_303">303</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AS_45" id="Footnote_AS_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AS_45"><span class="label">[AS]</span></a> It will be remarked, that Dr. Earle's name is frequently
+spelled <i>Earle</i> and <i>Earles</i> in the following pages. Wherever the editor
+has had occasion to use the name himself, he has invariably called it
+<i>Earle</i>, conceiving that to be the proper orthography. Wherever it is
+found <i>Earles</i>, he has attended strictly to the original, from which the
+article or information has been derived.</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_lix" id="Page_lix">[lix]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="TO_THE_READER" id="TO_THE_READER"></a>TO THE READER<a name="FNanchor_AT_46" id="FNanchor_AT_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_AT_46" class="fnanchor">[AT]</a>.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I have (for once) adventured to play the midwife's part, helping to bring
+forth these infants into the world, which the father would have smothered;
+who having left them lapt up in loose sheets, as soon as his fancy was
+delivered of them, written especially for his private recreation, to pass
+away the time in the country, and by the forcible request of friends drawn
+from him: yet, passing severally from hand to hand, in written copies,
+grew at length to be a pretty number in a little volume: and among so many
+sundry dispersed transcripts, some very imperfect and surreptitious had
+liked to have passed the press, if the author had not used speedy means of
+prevention; when, perceiving the hazard he ran to be wronged, was
+unwillingly<a name="FNanchor_AU_47" id="FNanchor_AU_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_AU_47" class="fnanchor">[AU]</a> willing to let them pass as now they appear to the world.
+If any faults have escaped the press (as few books can be printed
+without), impose them not on the author, I intreat thee; but rather impute
+them to mine and the printer's oversight, who seriously promise, on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_lx" id="Page_lx">[lx]</a></span>
+re-impression hereof, by greater care and diligence for this our former
+default, to make thee ample satisfaction. In the mean while, I remain</p>
+
+<p>
+Thine,<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">Ed. Blount</span><a name="FNanchor_AV_48" id="FNanchor_AV_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_AV_48" class="fnanchor">[AV]</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AT_46" id="Footnote_AT_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AT_46"><span class="label">[AT]</span></a> <i>Gentile, or Gentle</i>, 8th edit. 1650.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AU_47" id="Footnote_AU_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AU_47"><span class="label">[AU]</span></a> Willingly, 8th edit. evidently a typographical error.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AV_48" id="Footnote_AV_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AV_48"><span class="label">[AV]</span></a> Edward Blount, who lived at the Black Bear, Saint Paul's
+Church-yard, appears to have been a bookseller of respectability, and in
+some respects a man of letters. Many dedications and prefaces, with as
+much merit as compositions of this nature generally possess, bear his
+name, and there is every reason to suppose that he translated a work from
+the Italian, which is intituled "<i>The Hospitall of Incurable Fooles</i>," &amp;c.
+4to. 1600. Mr. Ames has discovered, from the Stationer's Register, that he
+was the son of Ralph Blount or Blunt, merchant-taylor of London; that he
+was apprenticed to William Ponsonby, in 1578, and made free in 1588. It is
+no slight honour to his taste and judgment, that he was one of the
+partners in the first edition of Shakspeare.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/decoration.jpg" width="400" height="97" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="MICROCOSMOGRAPHY" id="MICROCOSMOGRAPHY"></a>MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;</h2>
+
+<p class='center'><i>or</i>,</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>A piece of the World characterized</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="I" id="I"></a>I.</h2>
+
+<h3>A CHILD</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a man in a small letter, yet the best copy of Adam before he tasted of
+Eve or the apple; and he is happy whose small practice in the world can
+only write his character. He is nature's fresh picture newly drawn in oil,
+which time, and much handling, dims and defaces. His soul is yet a white
+paper<a name="FNanchor_1_49" id="FNanchor_1_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_49" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> unscribbled with observations of the world, wherewith, at length,
+it becomes a blurred<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> note-book. He is purely happy, because he knows no
+evil, nor hath made means by sin to be acquainted with misery. He arrives
+not at the mischief of being wise, nor endures evils to come, by
+fore-seeing them. He kisses and loves all, and, when the smart of the rod
+is past, smiles on his beater. Nature and his parents alike dandle him,
+and tice him on with a bait of sugar to a draught of wormwood. He plays
+yet, like a young prentice the first day, and is not come to his task of
+melancholy. [<a name="FNanchor_2_50" id="FNanchor_2_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_50" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>All the language he speaks yet is tears, and they serve
+him well enough to express his necessity.] His hardest labour is his
+tongue, as if he were loath to use so deceitful an organ; and he is best
+company with it when he can but prattle. We laugh at his foolish <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">ports</a>,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Shakspeare, of a child, says,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">"&mdash;&mdash; the hand of time<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Shall draw this brief into as huge a volume."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>K. John II.</i> i.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p>but his game is our earnest; and his drums, rattles, and hobby-horses, but
+the emblems and mocking of man's business. His father hath writ him as his
+own little story, wherein he reads those days of his life that he cannot
+remember, and sighs to see what innocence he hath out-lived. The elder he
+grows, he is a stair lower from God; and, like his first father, much
+worse in his breeches.<a name="FNanchor_3_51" id="FNanchor_3_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_51" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> He is the Christian's example, and the old man's
+relapse; the one imitates his pureness, and the other falls into his
+simplicity. Could he put off his body with his little coat, he had got
+eternity without a burden, and exchanged but one heaven for another.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_49" id="Footnote_1_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_49"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> So Washbourne, in his <i>Divine Poems</i>, 12mo. 1654:
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"&mdash;&mdash; ere 'tis accustom'd unto sin,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>The mind white paper</i> is, and will admit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of any lesson you will write in it."&mdash;p. 26.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_50" id="Footnote_2_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_50"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> This, and every other passage throughout the volume,
+[included between brackets,] does not appear in the first edition of
+1628.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_51" id="Footnote_3_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_51"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Adam did not, to use the words of the old Geneva Bible, "make
+himself breeches," till he knew sin: the meaning of the passage in the
+text is merely that, as a child advances in age, he commonly proceeds in
+the knowledge and commission of vice and immorality.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="II" id="II"></a>II.</h2>
+
+<h3>A YOUNG RAW PREACHER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a bird not yet fledged, that hath hopped out of his nest to be chirping
+on a hedge, and will be straggling abroad at what peril soever. His
+backwardness in the university hath set him thus forward; for had he not
+truanted there, he had not been so hasty a divine. His small standing, and
+time, hath made him a proficient only in boldness, out of which, and his
+table-book, he is furnished for a preacher. His collections of study are
+the notes of sermons, which, taken up at St. Mary's,<a name="FNanchor_4_52" id="FNanchor_4_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_52" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> he utters in the
+country: and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> if he write brachigraphy,<a name="FNanchor_5_53" id="FNanchor_5_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_53" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> his stock is so much the
+better. His writing is more than his reading, for he reads only what he
+gets without book. Thus accomplished he comes down to his friends, and his
+first salutation is grace and peace out of the pulpit. His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> prayer is
+conceited, and no man remembers his college more at large.<a name="FNanchor_6_54" id="FNanchor_6_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_54" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> The pace of
+his sermon is a full career, and he runs wildly over hill and dale, till
+the clock stop him. The labour of it is chiefly in his lungs; and the only
+thing he has made<a name="FNanchor_7_55" id="FNanchor_7_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_55" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> <i>in</i> it himself, is the faces. He takes on against
+the pope without mercy, and has a jest still in lavender for Bellarmine:
+yet he preaches heresy, if it comes in his way, though with a mind, I must
+needs say, very orthodox.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> His action is all passion, and his speech
+interjections. He has an excellent faculty in bemoaning the people, and
+spits with a very good grace. [His stile is compounded of twenty several
+men's, only his body imitates some one extraordinary.] He will not draw
+his handkercher out of his place, nor blow his nose without discretion.
+His commendation is, that he never looks upon book; and indeed he was
+never used to it. He preaches but once a year, though twice on Sunday; for
+the stuff is still the same, only the dressing a little altered: he has
+more tricks with a sermon, than a taylor with an old cloak, to turn it,
+and piece it, and at last quite disguise it with a new preface. If he have
+waded farther in his profession, and would shew reading of his own, his
+authors are postils, and his school-divinity a catechism. His fashion and
+demure habit gets him in with some town-precisian, and makes him a guest
+on Friday nights. You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape, and serge
+facing; and his ruff, next his hair, the shortest thing about him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> The
+companion of his walk is some zealous tradesman, whom he astonishes with
+strange points, which they both understand alike. His friends and much
+painfulness may prefer him to thirty pounds a year, and this means to a
+chambermaid; with whom we leave him now in the bonds of wedlock:&mdash;next
+Sunday you shall have him again.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_52" id="Footnote_4_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_52"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> St. Mary's church was originally built by king Alfred, and
+annexed to the University of Oxford, for the use of the scholars, when St.
+Giles's and St. Peter's (which were till then appropriated to them,) had
+been mined by the violence of the Danes. It was totally rebuilt during the
+reign of Henry VII., who gave forty oaks towards the materials; and is, to
+this day, the place of worship in which the public sermons are preached
+before the members of the university.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_53" id="Footnote_5_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_53"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> <i>Brachigraphy</i>, or short-hand-writing, appears to have been
+much studied in our author's time, and was probably esteemed a fashionable
+accomplishment. It was first introduced into this country by Peter Bales,
+who, in 1590, published <i>The Writing Schoolmaster</i>, a treatise consisting
+of three parts, the first "of Brachygraphie, that is, to write as fast as
+a man speaketh treatably, writing but one letter for a word;" the second,
+of Orthography; and the third, of Calligraphy. Imprinted at London, by T.
+Orwin, &amp;c. 1590. 4to. A second edition, "with sundry new additions,"
+appeared in 1597. 12mo. Imprinted at London, by George Shawe, &amp;c.
+Holinshed gives the following description of one of Bale's
+performances:&mdash;"The tenth of August (1575,) a rare peece of worke, and
+almost incredible, was brought to passe by an Englishman borne in the
+citie of London, named Peter Bales, who by his industrie and practise of
+his pen, contriued and writ within the compasse of a penie, in Latine, the
+Lord's praier, the creed, the ten commandements, a praier to God, a praier
+for the queene, his posie, his name, the daie of the moneth, the yeare of
+our Lord, and the reigne of the queene. And on the seuenteenthe of August
+next following, at Hampton court, he presented the same to the queene's
+maiestie, in the head of a ring of gold, couered with a christall; and
+presented therewith an excellent spectacle by him deuised, for the easier
+reading thereof: wherewith hir maiestie read all that was written therein
+with great admiration, and commended the same to the lords of the
+councell, and the ambassadors, and did weare the same manie times vpon hir
+finger." <i>Holinshed's Chronicle, page 1262, b. edit, folio, Lond. 1587.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_54" id="Footnote_6_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_54"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> It is customary in all sermons delivered before the
+University, to use an introductory prayer for the founder of, and
+principal benefactors to, the preacher's individual college, as well as
+for the officers and members of the university in general. This, however,
+would appear very ridiculous when "<i>he comes down to his friends</i>" or, in
+other words, preaches before a country congregation.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_55" id="Footnote_7_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_55"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <i>of</i>, first edit. 1628.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="III" id="III"></a>III.</h2>
+
+<h3>A GRAVE DIVINE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that knows the burthen of his calling, and hath studied to make his
+shoulders sufficient; for which he hath not been hasty to launch forth of
+his port, the university, but expected the ballast of learning, and the
+wind of opportunity. Divinity is not the beginning but the end of his
+studies; to which he takes the ordinary stair, and makes the arts his way.
+He counts it not prophaneness to be polished with human reading, or to
+smooth his way<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> by Aristotle to school-divinity. He has sounded both
+religions, and anchored in the best, and is a protestant out of judgment,
+not faction; not because his country, but his reason is on this side. The
+ministry is his choice, not refuge, and yet the pulpit not his itch, but
+fear. His discourse is substance, not all rhetoric, and he utters more
+things than words. His speech is not helped with inforced action, but the
+matter acts itself. He shoots all his meditations at one but; and beats
+upon his text, not the cushion; making his hearers, not the pulpit groan.
+In citing of popish errors, he cuts them with arguments, not cudgels them
+with barren invectives; and labours more to shew the truth of his cause
+than the spleen. His sermon is limited by the method, not the hour-glass;
+and his devotion goes along with him out of the pulpit. He comes not up
+thrice a week, because he would not be idle; nor talks three hours
+together, because he would not talk nothing: but his tongue preaches at
+fit times, and his conversation is the every day's exercise. In<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> matters
+of ceremony, he is not ceremonious, but thinks he owes that reverence to
+the church to bow his judgement to it, and make more conscience of schism,
+than a surplice. He esteems the church hierarchy as the church's glory,
+and however we jar with Rome, would not have our confusion distinguish us.
+In simoniacal purchases he thinks his soul goes in the bargain, and is
+loath to come by promotion so dear; yet his worth at length advances him,
+and the price of his own merit buys him a living. He is no base grater of
+his tythes, and will not wrangle for the odd egg. The lawyer is the only
+man he hinders, by whom he is spited for taking up quarrels. He is a main
+pillar of our church, though not yet dean or canon, and his life our
+religion's best apology. His death is the last sermon, where, in the
+pulpit of his bed, he instructs men to die by his example.<a name="FNanchor_8_56" id="FNanchor_8_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_56" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_56" id="Footnote_8_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_56"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> I cannot forbear to close this admirable character with the
+beautiful description of a "<i>poure Persone</i>," <i>riche of holy thought and
+werk</i>, given by the father of English poetry:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Benigne he was, and wonder diligent,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And in adversite ful patient:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And swiche he was ypreved often sithes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ful loth were him to cursen for his tythes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But rather wolde he yeven out of doute,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Unto his poure parishens aboute,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of his offring, and eke of his substance.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He coude in litel thing have suffisance.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wide was his parish, and houses fer asonder,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But he ne left nought for no rain ne thonder,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In sikenesse and in mischief to visite<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The ferrest in his parish, moche and lite,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon his fete, and in his hand a staf.<br /></span>
+</div><hr style='width: 45%;' /><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And though he holy were, and vertuous,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He was to sinful men not dispitous,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ne of his speche dangerous ne digne,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But in his teching discrete and benigne.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To drawen folk to heven, with fairenesse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By good ensample, was his besinesse.<br /></span>
+</div><hr style='width: 45%;' /><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He waited after no pompe ne reverence,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ne maked him no spiced conscience,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But Cristes lore, and his apostles twelve,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He taught, but first he folwed it himselve."<br /></span>
+</div>
+<p><i>Chaucer, Prol. to Cant. Tales, v.</i> 485.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+We may surely conclude with a line from the same poem,
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"A better preest I trowe that nowher non is."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IV" id="IV"></a>IV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEER DULL PHYSICIAN.</h3>
+
+
+<p>His practice is some business at bedsides, and his speculation an urinal:
+he is distinguished from an empiric, by a round velvet cap and doctor's
+gown, yet no man takes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> degrees more superfluously, for he is doctor
+howsoever. He is sworn to Galen and Hippocrates, as university men to
+their statutes, though they never saw them; and his discourse is all
+aphorisms, though his reading be only Alexis of Piedmont,<a name="FNanchor_9_57" id="FNanchor_9_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_57" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> or the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>
+Regiment of Health.<a name="FNanchor_10_58" id="FNanchor_10_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_58" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> The best cure he has done, is upon his own purse,
+which from a lean sickliness he hath made lusty, and in flesh. His
+learning consists much in reckoning up the hard names of diseases, and the
+superscriptions of gally-pots in his apothecary's shop, which are ranked
+in his shelves, and the doctor's memory. He is, indeed, only languaged in
+diseases, and speaks Greek many times when he knows not. If he have been
+but a by-stander at some desperate recovery, he is slandered with it
+though he be guiltless; and this breeds his reputation, and that his
+practice, for his skill is merely opinion. Of all odours he likes best the
+smell of urine, and holds Vespasian's<a name="FNanchor_11_59" id="FNanchor_11_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_59" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> rule, that no gain is unsavory.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>
+If you send this once to him you must resolve to be sick howsoever, for he
+will never leave examining your water, till he has shaked it into a
+disease:<a name="FNanchor_12_60" id="FNanchor_12_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_60" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> then follows a writ to his drugger in a strange tongue, which
+he understands, though he cannot conster. If he see you himself, his
+presence is the worst visitation: for if he cannot heal your sickness, he
+will be sure to help it. He translates his apothecary's shop into your
+chamber, and the very windows and benches must take physic. He tells you
+your malady in Greek, though it be but a cold, or headach; which by good
+endeavour and diligence he may bring to some moment indeed. His most
+unfaithful act is, that he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
+death and he have a quarrel and must not meet; but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> his fear is, lest the
+carkass should bleed.<a name="FNanchor_13_61" id="FNanchor_13_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_61" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> Anatomies, and other spectacles of mortality,
+have hardened him, and he is no more struck with a funeral than a
+grave-maker. Noble-men use him for a director of their stomach, and ladies
+for wantonness,<a name="FNanchor_14_62" id="FNanchor_14_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_62" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> especially if he be a proper man.<a name="FNanchor_15_63" id="FNanchor_15_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_63" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> If he be single,
+he is in league with his she-apothecary; and because it is the physician,
+the husband is patient. If he have leisure to be idle (that is to study,)
+he has a smatch at alcumy, and is sick of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> the philosopher's stone; a
+disease uncurable, but by an abundant phlebotomy of the purse. His two
+main opposites are a mountebank and a good woman, and he never shews his
+learning so much as in an invective against them and their boxes. In
+conclusion, he is a sucking consumption, and a very brother to the worms,
+for they are both engendered out of man's corruption.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_57" id="Footnote_9_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_57"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <i>The secretes of the reverende maister Alexis of Piemount,
+containyng excellente remedies against diuers diseases</i>, &amp;c. appear to
+have been a very favourite study either with the physicians, or their
+patients, about this period.
+</p><p>
+They were originally written in Italian, and were translated into English
+by William Warde, of which editions were printed at London, in 1558, 1562,
+1595, and 1615. In 1603, a <i>fourth</i> edition of a Latin version appeared at
+Basil; and from Ward's dedication to "the lorde Russell, erle of Bedford,"
+it seems that the French and Dutch were not without so great a treasure in
+their own languages. A specimen of the importance of this publication may
+be given in the title of the first secret. "The maner and secrete to
+conserue a man's youth, and to holde back olde age, to maintaine a man
+always in helth and strength, as in the fayrest floure of his yeres."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_58" id="Footnote_10_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_58"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> <i>The Regiment of Helthe</i>, by Thomas Paynell, is another
+volume of the same description, and was printed by Thomas Berthelette, in
+1541. 4to.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_59" id="Footnote_11_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_59"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <i>Vespatian</i>, tenth emperor of Rome, imposed a tax upon
+urine, and when his son Titus remonstrated with him on the meanness of the
+act, "Pecuniam," says Suetonius, "ex prima pensione admovit ad nares,
+suscitans <i>num odore offenderetur</i>? et illo negante, atqui, inquit, e
+lotio est."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_60" id="Footnote_12_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_60"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> "Vpon the market-day he is much haunted with vrinals, where,
+if he finde any thing, (though he knowe nothing,) yet hee will say
+some-what, which if it hit to some purpose, with a fewe fustian words, hee
+will seeme a piece of strange stuffe." Character of an unworthy physician.
+"<i>The Good and the Badde</i>," by Nicholas Breton. 4to. 1618.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_61" id="Footnote_13_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_61"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> That the murdered body bleeds at the approach of the
+murderer, was, in our author's time, a commonly received opinion.
+Holinshed affirms that the corps of Henry the Sixth bled as it was
+carrying for interment; and Sir Kenelm Digby so firmly believed in the
+truth of the report, that he has endeavoured to explain the reason. It is
+remarked by Mr. Steevens, in a note to <i>Shakspeare</i>, that the opinion
+seems to be derived from the ancient Swedes, or Northern nations, from
+whom we descend; as they practised this method of trial in all dubious
+cases.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_62" id="Footnote_14_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_62"><span class="label">[14]</span></a>
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Faith, doctor, it is well, thy study is to please<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The female sex, and how their corp'rall griefes to ease."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Goddard's "<i>Mastif Whelp</i>." Satires. 4to. Without date. Sat. 17.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_63" id="Footnote_15_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_63"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> <i>Proper</i> for handsome.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="V" id="V"></a>V.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN ALDERMAN.</h3>
+
+
+<p>He is venerable in his gown, more in his beard, wherewith he sets not
+forth so much his own, as the face of a city. You must look on him as one
+of the town gates, and consider him not as a body, but a corporation. His
+eminency above others hath made him a man of worship, for he had never
+been preferred, but that he was worth thousands. He over-sees the
+commonwealth, as his shop, and it is an argument of his policy, that he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+has thriven by his craft. He is a rigorous magistrate in his ward; yet his
+scale of justice is suspected, lest it be like the balances in his
+warehouse. A ponderous man he is, and substantial, for his weight is
+commonly extraordinary, and in his preferment nothing rises so much as his
+belly. His head is of no great depth, yet well furnished; and when it is
+in conjunction with his brethren, may bring forth a city apophthegm, or
+some such sage matter. He is one that will not hastily run into error, for
+he treads with great deliberation, and his judgment consists much in his
+pace. His discourse is commonly the annals of his mayoralty, and what good
+government there was in the days of his gold chain, though the door posts
+were the only things that suffered reformation. He seems most sincerely
+religious, especially on solemn days; for he comes often to church to make
+a shew, [and is a part of the quire hangings.] He is the highest stair of
+his profession, and an example to his trade, what in time they may come
+to. He makes very much of his authority, but more of his sattin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> doublet,
+which, though of good years, bears its age very well, and looks fresh
+every Sunday: but his scarlet gown is a monument, and lasts from
+generation to generation.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VI" id="VI"></a>VI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A DISCONTENTED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that is fallen out with the world, and will be revenged on himself.
+Fortune has denied him in something, and he now takes pet, and will be
+miserable in spite. The root of his disease is a self-humouring pride, and
+an accustomed tenderness not to be crossed in his fancy; and the occasion
+commonly of one of these three, a hard father, a peevish wench, or his
+ambition thwarted. He considered not the nature of the world till he felt
+it, and all blows fall on him heavier, because they light not first on his
+expectation. He has now foregone all but his pride, and is yet
+vain-glorious in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> ostentation of his melancholy. His composure of
+himself is a studied carelessness, with his arms across, and a neglected
+hanging of his head and cloak; and he is as great an enemy to an hat-band,
+as fortune. He quarrels at the time and up-starts, and sighs at the
+neglect of men of parts, that is, such as himself. His life is a perpetual
+satyr, and he is still girding<a name="FNanchor_16_64" id="FNanchor_16_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_64" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> the age's vanity, when this very anger
+shews he too much esteems it. He is much displeased to see men merry, and
+wonders what they can find to laugh at. He never draws his own lips higher
+than a smile, and frowns wrinkle him before forty. He at last falls into
+that deadly melancholy to be a bitter hater of men, and is the most apt
+companion for any mischief. He is the spark that kindles the commonwealth,
+and the bellows himself to blow it: and if he turn anything, it is
+commonly one of these, either friar, traitor, or mad-man.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_64" id="Footnote_16_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_64"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> To <i>gird</i>, is to sneer at, or scorn any one. Falstaff says,
+"men of all sorts take a pride to <i>gird</i> at me."&mdash;<i>Henry IV. Part 2.</i></p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VII" id="VII"></a>VII.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN ANTIQUARY;</h3>
+
+
+<p>He is a man strangly thrifty of time past, and an enemy indeed to his maw,
+whence he fetches out many things when they are now all rotten and
+stinking. He is one that hath that unnatural disease to be enamoured of
+old age and wrinkles, and loves all things (as Dutchmen do cheese,) the
+better for being mouldy and worm-eaten. He is of our religion, because we
+say it is most antient; and yet a broken statue would almost make him an
+idolater. A great admirer he is of the rust of old monuments, and reads
+only those characters, where time hath eaten out the letters. He will go
+you forty miles to see a saint's well or a ruined abbey; and there be but
+a cross or stone foot-stool in the way, he'll be considering it so long,
+till he forget his journey. His estate consists much in shekels, and Roman
+coins; and he hath more pictures of C&aelig;sar, than James or Elizabeth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>
+Beggars cozen him with musty things which they have raked from dunghills,
+and he preserves their rags for precious relicks. He loves no library, but
+where there are more spiders volumes than authors, and looks with great
+admiration on the antique work of cobwebs. Printed books he contemns, as a
+novelty of this latter age, but a manuscript he pores on everlastingly,
+especially if the cover be all moth-eaten, and the dust make a parenthesis
+between every syllable. He would give all the books in his study (which
+are rarities all,) for one of the old Roman binding, or six lines of Tully
+in his own hand. His chamber is hung commonly with strange beasts skins,
+and is a kind of charnel-house of bones extraordinary; and his discourse
+upon them, if you will hear him, shall last longer. His very attire is
+that which is the eldest out of fashion, [<a name="FNanchor_AW_65" id="FNanchor_AW_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_AW_65" class="fnanchor">[AW]</a><i>and you may pick a
+criticism out of his breeches</i>.] He never looks upon himself till he is
+grey-haired,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> and then he is pleased with his own antiquity. His grave
+does not fright him, for he has been used to sepulchers, and he likes
+death the better, because it gathers him to his fathers.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AW_65" id="Footnote_AW_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AW_65"><span class="label">[AW]</span></a> In the first edition it stands thus:&mdash;"<i>and his hat is as
+antient as the tower of Babel</i>."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="VIII" id="VIII"></a>VIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A YOUNGER BROTHER.</h3>
+
+
+<p>His elder brother was the Esau, that came out first and left him like
+Jacob at his heels. His father has done with him, as Pharoah to the
+children of Israel, that would have them make brick and give them no
+straw, so he tasks him to be a gentleman, and leaves him nothing to
+maintain it. The pride of his house has undone him, which the elder's
+knighthood must sustain, and his beggary that knighthood. His birth and
+bringing up will not suffer him to descend to the means to get wealth; but
+he stands at the mercy of the world, and which is worse, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> his brother.
+He is something better than the serving-men; yet they more saucy with him
+than he bold with the master, who beholds him with a countenance of stern
+awe, and checks him oftener than his liveries. His brother's old suits and
+he are much alike in request, and cast off now and then one to the other.
+Nature hath furnished him with a little more wit upon compassion, for it
+is like to be his best revenue. If his annuity stretch so far, he is sent
+to the university, and with great heart-burning takes upon him the
+ministry, as a profession he is condemned to by his ill fortune. Others
+take a more crooked path yet, the king's high-way; where at length their
+vizard is plucked off, and they strike fair for Tyburn: but their
+brother's pride, not love, gets them a pardon. His last refuge is the
+Low-countries,<a name="FNanchor_17_66" id="FNanchor_17_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_66" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> rags and lice are no scandal, where he lives a
+poor gentleman of a company, and dies without a shirt. The only thing that
+may better his fortunes is an art he has to make a gentlewoman, wherewith
+he baits now and then some rich widow that is hungry after his blood. He
+is commonly discontented and desperate, and the form of his exclamation
+is, <i>that churl my brother</i>. He loves not his country for this unnatural
+custom, and would have long since revolted to the Spaniard, but for
+Kent<a name="FNanchor_18_67" id="FNanchor_18_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_67" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> only, which he holds in admiration.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_66" id="Footnote_17_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_66"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> The Low-countries appear to have afforded ample room for
+ridicule at all times. In "<i>A brief Character of the Low-countries under
+the States, being Three Weeks Observation of the Vices and Virtues of the
+Inhabitants</i>, written by Owen Felltham, and printed Lond. 1659, 12mo. we
+find them epitomized as a general sea-land&mdash;the great bog of Europe&mdash;an
+universal quagmire&mdash;in short a green cheese in pickle. The sailors (in
+which denomination the author appears to include all the natives,) he
+describes as being able to "drink, rail, swear, niggle, steal, and be
+<i>lowsie</i> alike. P. 40.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_67" id="Footnote_18_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_67"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <i>Gavelkind</i>, or the practice of dividing lands equally among
+all the male children of the deceased, was (according to Spelman,) adopted
+by the Saxons, from Germany, and is noticed by Tacitus in his description
+of that nation. <i>Gloss. Archaiol.</i> folio. Lond. 1664. Harrison, in <i>The
+Description of England</i>, prefixed to Holinshed's <i>Chronicle</i>, (vol. 1.
+page 180,) says, "Gauell kind is all the male children equallie to
+inherit, and is continued to this daie in <i>Kent</i>, where it is onelie to my
+knowledge reteined, and no where else in England." And Lambarde, in his
+<i>Customes of Kent</i>, (<i>Perambulation</i>, 4to. 1596, page 538,) thus notices
+it:&mdash;"The custom of Grauelkynde is generall, and spreadeth itselfe
+throughout the whole shyre, into all landes subiect by auncient tenure
+vnto the same, such places onely excepted, where it is altered by acte of
+parleament."</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="IX" id="IX"></a>IX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEER FORMAL MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is somewhat more than the shape of a man; for he has his length, breadth,
+and colour. When you have seen his outside, you have looked through him,
+and need employ your discovery no farther. His reason is merely example,
+and his action is not guided by his understanding, but he sees other men
+do thus, and he follows them. He is a negative, for we cannot call him a
+wise man, but not a fool; nor an honest man, but not a knave; nor a
+protestant, but not a papist. The chief burden of his brain is the
+carriage of his body and the setting of his face in a good frame; which he
+performs the better, because he is not disjointed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> with other meditations.
+His religion is a good quiet subject, and he prays as he swears, in the
+phrase of the land. He is a fair guest, and a fair inviter, and can excuse
+his good cheer in the accustomed apology. He has some faculty in mangling
+of a rabbit, and the distribution of his morsel to a neighbour's trencher.
+He apprehends a jest by seeing men smile, and laughs orderly himself, when
+it comes to his turn. His businesses with his friends are to visit them,
+and whilst the business is no more, he can perform this well enough. His
+discourse is the news that he hath gathered in his walk, and for other
+matters his discretion is, that he will only what he can, that is, say
+nothing. His life is like one that runs to the<a name="FNanchor_19_68" id="FNanchor_19_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_68" class="fnanchor">[19]</a>church-walk, to take a
+turn or two, and so passes. He hath staid in the world to fill a number;
+and when he is gone, there wants one, and there's an end.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_68" id="Footnote_19_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_68"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <i>Minster-walk</i>, 1st edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="X" id="X"></a>X.</h2>
+
+<h3>A CHURCH-PAPIST</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that parts his religion betwixt his conscience and his purse, and
+comes to church not to serve God but the king. The face of the law makes
+him wear the mask of the gospel, which he uses not as a means to save his
+soul, but charges. He loves Popery well, but is loth to lose by it; and
+though he be something scared with the bulls of Rome, yet they are far
+off, and he is struck with more terror at the apparitor. Once a month he
+presents himself at the church, to keep off the church-warden, and brings
+in his body to save his bail. He kneels with the congregation, but prays
+by himself, and asks God forgiveness for coming thither. If he be forced
+to stay out a sermon, he pulls his hat over his eyes, and frowns out the
+hour; and when he comes home, thinks to make amends for this fault by
+abusing the preacher. His main policy is to shift off the communion, for
+which he is never unfurnished of a quarrel, and will be sure to be out of
+charity at Easter;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> and indeed he lies not, for he has a quarrel to the
+sacrament. He would make a bad martyr and good traveller, for his
+conscience is so large he could never wander out of it; and in
+Constantinople would be circumcised with a reservation. His wife is more
+zealous and therefore more costly, and he bates her in tires<a name="FNanchor_20_69" id="FNanchor_20_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_69" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> what she
+stands him in religion. But we leave him hatching plots against the state,
+and expecting Spinola.<a name="FNanchor_21_70" id="FNanchor_21_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_70" class="fnanchor">[21]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_69" id="Footnote_20_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_69"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> The word <i>tire</i> is probably here used as an abbreviation of
+the word <i>attire</i>, dress, ornament.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_70" id="Footnote_21_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_70"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> <i>Ambrose Spinola</i> was one of the most celebrated and
+excellent commanders that Spain ever possessed: he was born, in 1569, of a
+noble family, and distinguished himself through life in being opposed to
+prince Maurice of Nassau, the greatest general of his age, by whom he was
+ever regarded with admiration and respect. He died in 1630, owing to a
+disadvantage sustained by his troops at the siege of Cassel, which was to
+be entirely attributed to the imprudent orders he received from Spain, and
+which that government compelled him to obey. This disaster broke his
+heart; and he died with the exclamation of "<i>they have robbed me of my
+honour</i>;" an idea he was unable to survive. It is probable that, at the
+time this character was composed, many of the disaffected in England were
+in expectation of an attack to be made on this country by the Spaniards,
+under the command of Spinola.</p></div>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XI" id="XI"></a>XI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SELF-CONCEITED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that knows himself so well, that he does not know himself. Two
+excellent well-dones have undone him, and he is guilty of it that first
+commended him to madness. He is now become his own book, which he pores on
+continually, yet like a truant reader skips over the harsh places, and
+surveys only that which is pleasant. In the speculation of his own good
+parts, his eyes, like a drunkard's, see all double, and his fancy, like an
+old man's spectacles, make a great letter in a small print. He imagines
+every place where he comes his theater, and not a look stirring but his
+spectator; and conceives men's thoughts to be very idle, that is, [only]
+busy about him. His walk is still in the fashion of a march, and like his
+opinion unaccompanied, with his eyes most fixed upon his own person, or on
+others with reflection to himself. If he have done any thing that has past
+with applause, he is always re-acting it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> alone, and conceits the extasy
+his hearers were in at every period. His discourse is all positions and
+definitive decrees, with <i>thus it must be</i> and <i>thus it is</i>, and he will
+not humble his authority to prove it. His tenent is always singular and
+aloof from the vulgar as he can, from which you must not hope to wrest
+him. He has an excellent humour for an heretick, and in these days made
+the first Arminian. He prefers Ramus before Aristotle, and Paracelsus
+before Galen,<a name="FNanchor_22_71" id="FNanchor_22_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_71" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> [<i>and whosoever with most paradox is commended</i>.] He
+much pities the world that has no more insight in his parts, when he is
+too well discovered even to this very thought. A flatterer is a dunce to
+him, for he can tell him nothing but what he knows before: and yet he
+loves him too, because he is like himself. Men are merciful to him, and
+let him alone, for if he be once driven from his humour, he is like two
+inward friends fallen out: his own bitter enemy and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> discontent presently
+makes a murder. In sum, he is a bladder blown up with wind, which the
+least flaw crushes to nothing.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_71" id="Footnote_22_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_71"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> <i>and Lipsius his hopping stile before either Tully or
+Quintilian.</i> First edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XII" id="XII"></a>XII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A TOO IDLY RESERVED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that is a fool with discretion, or a strange piece of politician,
+that manages the state of himself. His actions are his privy-council,
+wherein no man must partake beside. He speaks under rule and prescription,
+and dare not shew his teeth without Machiavel. He converses with his
+neighbours as he would in Spain, and fears an inquisitive man as much as
+the inquisition. He suspects all questions for examinations, and thinks
+you would pick something out of him, and avoids you. His breast is like a
+gentlewoman's closet, which locks up every toy or trifle, or some bragging
+mountebank that makes every stinking thing a secret.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> He delivers you
+common matters with great conjuration of silence, and whispers you in the
+ear acts of parliament. You may as soon wrest a tooth from him as a paper,
+and whatsoever he reads is letters. He dares not talk of great men for
+fear of bad comments, and <i>he knows not how his words may be misapplied</i>.
+Ask his opinion, and he tells you his doubt; and he never hears any thing
+more astonishedly than what he knows before. His words are like the cards
+at primivist,<a name="FNanchor_23_72" id="FNanchor_23_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_72" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> where 6 is 18, and 7, 21; for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> they never signify what
+they sound; but if he tell you he will do a thing, it is as much as if he
+swore he would not. He is one, indeed, that takes all men to be craftier
+than they are, and puts himself to a great deal of affliction to hinder
+their plots and designs, where they mean freely. He has been long a riddle
+himself, but at last finds &#338;dipuses; for his over-acted dissimulation
+discovers him, and men do with him as they would with Hebrew letters,
+spell him backwards and read him.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_72" id="Footnote_23_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_72"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> <i>Primivist</i> and primero were, in all probability, the same
+game, although Minshew, in his Dictionary, calls them "two games at
+cardes." The latter he explains "primum et primum visum, that is, first
+and first seene, because hee that can shew such an order of cardes, first
+winnes the game." The coincidence between Mr. Strutt's description of the
+former and the passage in the text, shews that there could be little or no
+difference between the value of the cards in these games, or in the manner
+of playing them. "Each player has four cards dealt to him, one by one, the
+<i>seven</i> was the highest card, in point of number, that he could avail
+himself of, <i>which counted for twenty-one</i>, the six <i>counted for sixteen</i>,
+the five for fifteen, and the ace for the same," &amp;c. (<i>Sports and
+Pastimes</i>, 247.) The honourable Daines Barrington conceived that Primero
+was introduced by Philip the Second, or some of his suite, whilst in
+England. Shakspeare proves that it was played in the royal circle.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash;"I left him (Henry VIII.) at <i>Primero</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With the duke of Suffolk."&mdash;&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Henry VIII.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+So Decker: "Talke of none but lords and such ladies with whom you have
+plaid at <i>Primero</i>."&mdash;<i>Gul's Hornebooke</i>, 1609. 37.
+</p><p>
+Among the marquis of Worcester's celebrated "<i>Century of Inventions</i>,"
+12mo. 1663, is one "so contrived without suspicion, that playing at
+Primero at cards, one may, without clogging his memory, keep reckoning of
+all sixes, sevens, and aces, which he hath discarded."&mdash;No. 87.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XIII" id="XIII"></a>XIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A TAVERN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a degree, or (if you will,) a pair of stairs above an ale-house, where
+men are drunk with more credit and apology. If the vintner's nose<a name="FNanchor_24_73" id="FNanchor_24_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_73" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> be
+at door, it is a sign sufficient, but the absence of this is supplied by
+the ivy-bush: the rooms are ill breathed like the drinkers that have been
+washed well over night, and are smelt-to fasting next morning; not
+furnished with beds apt to be defiled, but more necessary implements,
+stools, table, and a chamber-pot. It is a broacher of more news than
+hogsheads, and more jests than news, which are sucked up here by some
+spongy brain, and from thence squeezed into a comedy. Men come here to
+make merry, but indeed make a noise, and this musick above is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> answered
+with the clinking below. The drawers are the civilest people in it, men of
+good bringing up, and howsoever we esteem of them, none can boast more
+justly of their high calling. 'Tis the best theater of natures, where they
+are truly acted, not played, and the business as in the rest of the world
+up and down, to wit, from the bottom of the cellar to the great chamber. A
+melancholy man would find here matter to work upon, to see heads as
+brittle as glasses, and often broken; men come hither to quarrel, and come
+hither to be made friends: and if Plutarch will lend me his simile, it is
+even Telephus's sword that makes wounds and cures them. It is the common
+consumption of the afternoon, and the murderer or maker-away of a rainy
+day. It is the torrid zone that scorches <i>the</i><a name="FNanchor_25_74" id="FNanchor_25_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_74" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> face, and tobacco the
+gun-powder that blows it up. Much harm would be done, if the charitable
+vintner had not water ready for these flames. A house of sin you may call
+it, but not a house of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> darkness, for the candles are never out; and it is
+like those countries far in the North, where it is as clear at mid-night
+as at mid-day. After a long sitting, it becomes like a street in a dashing
+shower, where the spouts are flushing above, and the conduits running
+below, while the Jordans like swelling rivers overflow their banks. To
+give you the total reckoning of it; it is the busy man's recreation, the
+idle man's business, the melancholy man's sanctuary, the stranger's
+welcome, the inns-of-court man's entertainment, the scholar's kindness,
+and the citizen's courtesy. It is the study of sparkling wits, and a cup
+of canary<a name="FNanchor_26_75" id="FNanchor_26_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_75" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> their book, whence we leave them.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_73" id="Footnote_24_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_73"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> "Enquire out those tauernes which are best customd, whose
+maistres are oftenest drunk, for that confirmes their taste, and that they
+choose wholesome wines."&mdash;Decker's <i>Gul's Horne-booke</i>, 1609.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_74" id="Footnote_25_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_74"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <i>his</i>, First edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_75" id="Footnote_26_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_75"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> The editor of the edition in 1732, has altered <i>canary</i> to
+"<i>sherry</i>" for what reason I am at a loss to discover, and have
+consequently restored the reading of the first edition. Venner gives the
+following description of this favourite liquor. "Canarie-wine, which
+beareth the name of the islands from whence it is brought, is of some
+termed a sacke, with this adjunct, sweete; but yet very improperly, for it
+differeth not only from sacke in sweetness and pleasantness of taste, but
+also in colour and consistence, for it is not so white in colour as sack,
+nor so thin in substance; wherefore it is more nutritive than sack, and
+less penetrative." <i>Via recta ad Vitam longum.</i> 4to. 1622. In Howell's
+time, Canary wine was much adulterated. "I think," says he, in one of his
+<i>Letters</i>, "there is more Canary brought into England than to all the
+world besides; I think also, there is a hundred times more drunk under the
+name of Canary wine, than there is brought in; for Sherries and Malagas,
+well mingled, pass for Canaries in most taverns. When Sacks and Canaries,"
+he continues, "were brought in first amongst us, they were used to be
+drunk in aqua vit&aelig; measures, and 'twas held fit only for those to drink
+who were used to <i>carry their legs in their hands</i>, <i>their eyes upon their
+noses</i>, and an <i>almanack in their bones</i>; but now they go down every one's
+throat, both young and old, like milk." Howell, <i>Letter to the lord
+Cliff</i>, dated Oct. 7, 1634.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XIV" id="XIV"></a>XIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SHARK</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one whom all other means have failed, and he now lives of himself. He
+is some needy cashiered fellow, whom the world hath oft flung off, yet
+still clasps again, and is like one a drowning, fastens upon anything that
+is next at hand. Amongst other of his shipwrecks he has happily lost
+shame, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> this want supplies him. No man puts his brain to more use than
+he, for his life is a daily invention, and each meal a new stratagem. He
+has an excellent memory for his acquaintance, though there passed but <i>how
+do you</i> betwixt them seven years ago, it shall suffice for an embrace, and
+that for money. He offers you a pottle of sack out of joy to see you, and
+in requital of his courtesy you can do no less than pay for it. He is
+fumbling with his purse-strings, as a school-boy with his points, when he
+is going to be whipped, 'till the master, weary with long stay, forgives
+him. When the reckoning is paid, he says, It must not be so, yet is strait
+pacified, and cries, What remedy? His borrowings are like subsidies, each
+man a shilling or two, as he can well dispend; which they lend him, not
+with a hope to be repaid, but that he will come no more. He holds a
+strange tyrrany over men, for he is their debtor, and they fear him as a
+creditor. He is proud of any employment, though it be but to carry
+commendations, which he will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> be sure to deliver at eleven of the
+clock.<a name="FNanchor_27_76" id="FNanchor_27_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_76" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> They in courtesy bid him stay, and he in manners cannot deny
+them. If he find but a good look to assure his welcome, he becomes their
+half-boarder, and haunts the threshold so long 'till he forces good nature
+to the necessity of a quarrel. Publick invitations he will not wrong with
+his absence, and is the best witness of the sheriff's hospitality.<a name="FNanchor_28_77" id="FNanchor_28_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_77" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> Men
+shun him at length as they would do an infection, and he is never crossed
+in his way<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> if there be but a lane to escape him. He has done with the age
+as his clothes to him, hung on as long as he could, and at last drops off.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_76" id="Footnote_27_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_76"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> We learn from Harrison's <i>Description of England</i>, prefixed
+to Holinshed, that <i>eleven o'clock</i> was the usual time for dinner during
+the reign of Elizabeth. "With vs the nobilitie, gentrie, and students, doo
+ordinarilie go to dinner at <i>eleuen before noone</i>, and to supper at fiue,
+or between fiue and six at afternoon." (vol. i. page 171. edit. 1587.) The
+alteration in manners at this time is rather singularly evinced, from a
+passage immediately following the above quotation, where we find that
+<i>merchants</i> and <i>husbandmen</i> dined and supped at a <i>later hour than the
+nobility</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_77" id="Footnote_28_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_77"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Alluding to the public dinners given by the sheriff at
+particular seasons of the year. So in <i>The Widow</i>, a comedy, 4to. 1652.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And as at a <i>sheriff's table</i>, O blest custome!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A poor indebted gentleman may dine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Feed well, and without fear, and depart so."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XV" id="XV"></a>XV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A CARRIER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is his own hackney-man; for he lets himself out to travel as well as his
+horses. He is the ordinary embassador between friend and friend, the
+father and the son, and brings rich presents to the one, but never returns
+any back again. He is no unlettered man, though in shew simple; for
+questionless, he has much in his budget, which he can utter too in fit
+time and place. He is [like] the vault<a name="FNanchor_29_78" id="FNanchor_29_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_78" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> in Gloster church,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> that
+conveys whispers at a distance, for he takes the sound out of your mouth
+at York, and makes it be heard as far as London. He is the young student's
+joy and expectation, and the most accepted guest, to whom they lend a
+willing hand to discharge him of his burden. His first greeting is
+commonly, <i>Your friends are well</i>; [<i>and to prove it</i>]<a name="FNanchor_30_79" id="FNanchor_30_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_79" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> in a piece of
+gold delivers their blessing. You would think him a churlish blunt fellow,
+but they find in him many tokens of humanity. He is a great afflicter of
+the high-ways, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> beats them out of measure; which injury is sometimes
+revenged by the purse-taker, and then the voyage miscarries. No man
+domineers more in his inn, nor calls his host unreverently with more
+presumption, and this arrogance proceeds out of the strength of his
+horses. He forgets not his load where he takes his ease, for he is drunk
+commonly before he goes to bed. He is like the prodigal child, still
+packing away and still returning again. But let him pass.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_78" id="Footnote_29_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_78"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> The chapel of the Virgin Mary, in the cathedral church of
+Gloucester, was founded by Richard Stanley, abbot, in 1457, and finished
+by William Farley, a monk of the monastery, in 1472. Sir Robert Atkyns
+gives the following description of the vault here alluded to. "The
+<i>whispering place</i> is very remarkable; it is a long alley, from one side
+of the choir to the other, built circular, that it might not darken the
+great east window of the choir. When a person whispers at one end of the
+alley, his voice is heard distinctly at the other end, though the passage
+be open in the middle, having large spaces for doors and windows on the
+east side. It may be imputed to the close cement of the wall, which makes
+it as one entire stone, and so conveys the voice, as a long piece of
+timber does convey the least stroak to the other end. Others assign it to
+the repercussion of the voice from accidental angles." <i>Atkyns' Ancient
+and Present State of Glostershire. Lond. 1712, folio, page 128.</i> See also
+<i>Fuller's Worthies, in Gloucestershire, page 351</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_79" id="Footnote_30_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_79"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> <i>Then in a piece of gold</i>, &amp;c. first edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XVI" id="XVI"></a>XVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A YOUNG MAN;</h3>
+
+
+<p>He is now out of nature's protection, though not yet able to guide
+himself; but left loose to the world and fortune, from which the weakness
+of his childhood preserved him; and now his strength exposes him. He is,
+indeed, just of age to be miserable, yet in his own conceit first begins<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>
+to be happy; and he is happier in this imagination, and his misery not
+felt is less. He sees yet but the outside of the world and men, and
+conceives them, according to their appearing, glister, and out of this
+ignorance believes them. He pursues all vanities for happiness,
+and <a name="FNanchor_31_80" id="FNanchor_31_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_80" class="fnanchor">[31]</a>[<i>enjoys them best in this fancy.</i>] His reason serves, not to curb
+but understand his appetite, and prosecute the motions thereof with a more
+eager earnestness. Himself is his own temptation, and needs not Satan, and
+the world will come hereafter. He leaves repentance for grey hairs, and
+performs it in being covetous. He is mingled with the vices of the age as
+the fashion and custom, with which he longs to be acquainted, and sins to
+better his understanding. He conceives his youth as the season of his
+lust, and the hour wherein he ought to be bad; and because he would not
+lose his time, spends it. He distastes religion as a sad thing, and is six
+years elder for a thought of heaven. He scorns and fears,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> and yet hopes
+for old age, but dare not imagine it with wrinkles. He loves and hates
+with the same inflammation, and when the heat is over is cool alike to
+friends and enemies. His friendship is seldom so stedfast, but that lust,
+drink, or anger may overturn it. He offers you his blood to-day in
+kindness, and is ready to take yours to-morrow. He does seldom any thing
+which he wishes not to do again, and is only wise after a misfortune. He
+suffers much for his knowledge, and a great deal of folly it is makes him
+a wise man. He is free from many vices, by being not grown to the
+performance, and is only more virtuous out of weakness. Every action is
+his danger, and every man his ambush. He is a ship without pilot or
+tackling, and only good fortune may steer him. If he scape this age, he
+has scaped a tempest, and may live to be a man.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_80" id="Footnote_31_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_80"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> <i>Whilst he has not yet got them, enjoys them</i>, First edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XVII" id="XVII"></a>XVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN OLD COLLEGE BUTLER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is none of the worst students in the house, for he keeps the set hours at
+his book more duly than any. His authority is great over men's good names,
+which he charges many times with shrewd aspersions, which they hardly wipe
+off without payment. [His box and counters prove him to be a man of
+reckoning, yet] he is stricter in his accounts than a usurer, and delivers
+not a farthing without writing. He doubles the pains of <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">Gollobelgicus</a>,<a name="FNanchor_32_81" id="FNanchor_32_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_81" class="fnanchor">[32]</a>
+for his books go out once a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> quarter, and they are much in the same
+nature, brief notes and sums of affairs, and are out of request as soon.
+His comings in are like a taylor's, from the shreds of bread, [the]
+chippings and remnants of a broken crust; excepting his vails from the
+barrel, which poor folks buy for their hogs but drink themselves. He
+divides an halfpenny loaf with more subtlety than Keckerman,<a name="FNanchor_33_82" id="FNanchor_33_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_82" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> and
+sub-divides the <i>&agrave; primo ortum</i> so nicely, that a stomach of great
+capacity can hardly apprehend it. He is a very sober man, considering his
+manifold temptations of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> drink and strangers; and if he be overseen, 'tis
+within his own liberties, and no man ought to take exception. He is never
+so well pleased with his place as when a gentleman is beholden to him for
+shewing him the buttery, whom he greets with a cup of single beer and
+sliced manchet,<a name="FNanchor_34_83" id="FNanchor_34_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_83" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> and tells him it is the fashion of the college. He
+domineers over freshmen when they first come to the hatch, and puzzles
+them with strange language of cues and cees, and some broken Latin which
+he has learnt at his bin. His faculties extraordinary is the warming of a
+pair of cards, and telling out a dozen of counters for post and pair, and
+no man is more methodical in these businesses. Thus he spends his age till
+the tap of it is run out, and then a fresh one is set abroach.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_81" id="Footnote_32_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_81"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> Gallo-Belgicus was erroneously supposed, by the ingenious
+Mr. Reed, to be the "first news-paper published in England;" we are,
+however, assured by the author of the "Life of Ruddiman," that it has no
+title to so honourable a distinction. Gallo-Belgicus appears to have been
+rather an <i>Annual Register</i>, or <i>History of its own Times</i>, than a
+news-paper. It was written in Latin, and entitled. "<span class="smcap">Mercurij
+Gallo-Belgici</span>: <i>sive, rerum in Gallia, et Belgio potissimum: Hispania
+quoque, Italia, Anglia, Germania, Polonia. Vicinisque locis ab anno 1588,
+ad Martium anni 1594, gestarum</i>, <span class="smcap">Nuncij</span>." The first volume was printed in
+8vo. at Cologne, 1598; from which year, to about 1605, it was published
+annually; and from thence to the time of its conclusion, which is
+uncertain, it appeared in <i>half-yearly</i> volumes. Chalmers' <i>Life of
+Ruddiman</i>, 1794. The great request in which newspapers were held at the
+publication of the present work, may be gathered from Burton, who, in his
+<i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>, complains that "if any read now-a-days, it is a
+play-book, or a pamphlet of newes."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_82" id="Footnote_33_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_82"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Bartholomew Keckerman was born at Dantzick, in Prussia,
+1571, and educated under Fabricius. Being eminently distinguished for his
+abilities and application, he was, in 1597, requested, by the senate of
+Dantzick, to take upon him the management of their academy; an honour he
+then declined, but accepted, on a second application, in 1601. Here he
+proposed to instruct his pupils in the complete science of philosophy in
+the short space of three years, and, for that purpose, drew up a great
+number of books upon logic, rhetoric, ethics, politics, physics,
+metaphysics, geography, astronomy, &amp;c. &amp;c. till, as it is said, literally
+worn out with scholastic drudgery, he died at the early age of 38.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_83" id="Footnote_34_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_83"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> Of bread made of wheat we have sundrie sorts dailie brought
+to the table, whereof the first and most excellent is the <i>mainchet</i>,
+which we commonlie call white bread. Harrison, <i>Description of England</i>
+prefixed to Holinshed, chap. 6.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XVIII" id="XVIII"></a>XVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN UPSTART COUNTRY KNIGHT</h3>
+
+
+<p>[<i>Is a holiday clown, and differs only in the stuff of his clothes, not
+the stuff of himself</i>,]<a name="FNanchor_35_84" id="FNanchor_35_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_84" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> for he bare the king's sword before he had
+arms to wield it; yet being once laid o'er the shoulder with a knighthood,
+he finds the herald his friend. His father was a man of good stock, though
+but a tanner or usurer; he purchased the land, and his son the title. He
+has doffed off the name of a <a name="FNanchor_36_85" id="FNanchor_36_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_85" class="fnanchor">[36]</a>[<i>country fellow</i>,] but the look not so
+easy, and his face still bears a relish of churne-milk. He is guarded with
+more gold lace than all the gentlemen of the country, yet his body makes
+his clothes still out of fashion. His house-keeping is seen much in the
+distinct families of dogs, and serving-men attendant on their kennels, and
+the deepness of their throats is the depth of his discourse. A<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> hawk he
+esteems the true burden of nobility,<a name="FNanchor_37_86" id="FNanchor_37_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_86" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> and is exceeding ambitious to
+seem delighted in the sport, and have his fist gloved with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> his
+jesses.<a name="FNanchor_38_87" id="FNanchor_38_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_87" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> A justice of peace he is to domineer in his parish, and do his
+neighbour wrong with more right.<a name="FNanchor_39_88" id="FNanchor_39_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_88" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> He will be drunk with his hunters for
+company, and stain his gentility with droppings of ale. He is fearful of
+being sheriff of the shire by instinct, and dreads the assize-week as much
+as the prisoner. In sum, he's but a clod of his own earth, or his land is
+the dunghill and he the cock that crows over it: and commonly his race is
+quickly run, and his children's children, though they escape hanging,
+return to the place from whence they came.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_84" id="Footnote_35_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_84"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> <i>His honour was somewhat preposterous, for he bare</i>, &amp;c.
+first edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_85" id="Footnote_36_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_85"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> <i>Clown</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_86" id="Footnote_37_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_86"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> The art of hawking has been so frequently and so fully
+explained, that it would be superfluous, if not arrogant, to trace its
+progress, or delineate its history, in this place. In the earliest periods
+it appears to have been exclusively practised by the nobility; and,
+indeed, the great expense at which the amusement was supported, seems to
+have been a sufficient reason for deterring persons of more moderate
+income, and of inferior rank, from indulging in the pursuit. In the
+<i>Sports and Pastimes</i> of Mr. Strutt, a variety of instances are given of
+the importance attached to the office of falconer, and of the immense
+value of, and high estimation the birds themselves were held in from the
+commencement of the Norman government, down to the reign of James I. in
+which sir Thomas Monson gave <i>1000l.</i> for a cast of hawks, which consisted
+of only <i>two</i>.
+</p><p>
+The great increase of wealth, and the consequent equalization of property
+in this country, about the reign of Elizabeth, induced many of inferior
+birth to practise the amusements of their superiors, which they did
+without regard to expense, or indeed propriety. Sir Thomas Elyot, in his
+<i>Governour</i> (1580), complains that the falkons of his day consumed so much
+poultry, that, in a few years, he feared there would be a great scarcity
+of it. "I speake not this," says he, "in disprayse of the faukons, but of
+them which keepeth them lyke cockneyes." A reproof, there can be no doubt,
+applicable to the character in the text.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_87" id="Footnote_38_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_87"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> A term in hawking, signifying the short straps of leather
+which are fastened to the hawk's legs, by which she is held on the fist,
+or joined to the leash. They were sometimes made of silk, as appears from
+&para; <i>The Boke of hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshynge, with all the propertyes
+and medecynes that are necessarye to be kepte</i>: "Hawkes haue aboute theyr
+legges gesses made of lether most comonly, some of sylke, which shuld be
+no lenger but that the knottes of them shulde appere in the myddes of the
+lefte hande," &amp;c. <i>Juliana Barnes.</i> edit. 4to. "<i>Imprynted at London in
+Pouls chyrchyarde by me Hery Tab.</i>" sig. C. ii.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_88" id="Footnote_39_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_88"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> <i>This authority of his is that club which keeps them under
+as his dogs hereafter.</i> First edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XIX" id="XIX"></a>XIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN IDLE GALLANT</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that was born and shaped for his cloaths; and, if Adam had not
+fallen, had lived to no purpose. He gratulates therefore the first sin,
+and fig-leaves that were an occasion of [his] bravery. His first care is
+his dress, the next his body, and in the uniting of these two lies his
+soul and its faculties. He observes London trulier than the terms, and his
+business is the street, the stage, the court, and those places where a
+proper man is best shown. If he be qualified in gaming extraordinary, he
+is so much the more genteel and compleat, and he learns the best oaths for
+the purpose. These are a great part of his discourse, and he is as curious
+in their newness as the fashion. His other talk is ladies and such pretty
+things, or some jest at a play. His pick-tooth bears a great part in his
+discourse, so does his body, the upper parts whereof are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> as starched as
+his linnen, and perchance use the same laundress. He has learned to ruffle
+his face from his boot, and takes great delight in his walk to hear his
+spurs gingle. Though his life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very
+careful of the time, for he is still drawing his watch out of his pocket,
+and spends part of his hours in numbering them. He is one never serious
+but with his taylor, when he is in conspiracy for the next device. He is
+furnished with his jests, as some wanderer with sermons, some three for
+all congregations, one especially against the scholar, a man to him much
+ridiculous, whom he knows by no other definition, but a silly fellow in
+black. He is a kind of walking mercer's shop, and shows you one stuff
+to-day and another to-morrow; an ornament to the room he comes in as the
+fair bed and hangings be; and it is meerly ratable accordingly, fifty or a
+hundred pounds as his suit is. His main ambition is to get a knight-hood,
+and then an old lady, which if he be happy in, he fills the stage and a
+coach so much longer: Otherwise, himself<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> and his cloaths grow stale
+together, and he is buried commonly ere he dies in the gaol, or the
+country.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XX" id="XX"></a>XX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A CONSTABLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the
+king's officer. His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has
+commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.
+He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning
+draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.
+Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock,
+whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man,
+and the beadle. He is a great stickler in the tumults of double jugs, and
+ventures his head by his place, which is broke many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> times to keep whole
+the peace. He is never so much in his majesty as in his night-watch, where
+he sits in his chair of state, a shop-stall, and invironed with a guard of
+halberts, examines all passengers. He is a very careful man in his office,
+but if he stay up after midnight you shall take him napping.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXI" id="XXI"></a>XXI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A DOWN-RIGHT SCHOLAR</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that has much learning in the ore, unwrought and untried, which
+time and experience fashions and refines. He is good metal in the inside,
+though rough and unscoured without, and therefore hated of the courtier,
+that is quite contrary. The time has got a vein of making him ridiculous,
+and men laugh at him by tradition, and no unlucky absurdity but is put
+upon his profession, and done like a scholar. But his fault is only this,
+that his mind is [somewhat]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> too much taken up with his mind, and his
+thoughts not loaden with any carriage besides. He has not put on the
+quaint garb of the age, which is now a man's [<i>Imprimis and all the
+Item</i>.<a name="FNanchor_40_89" id="FNanchor_40_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_89" class="fnanchor">[40]</a>] He has not humbled his meditations to the industry of
+complement, nor afflicted his brain in an elaborate leg. His body is not
+set upon nice pins, to be turning and flexible for every motion, but his
+scrape is homely and his nod worse. He cannot kiss his hand and cry,
+madam, nor talk idle enough to bear her company. His smacking of a
+gentlewoman is somewhat too savory, and he mistakes her nose for her lips.
+A very woodcock would puzzle him in carving, and he wants the logick of a
+capon. He has not the glib faculty of sliding over a tale, but his words
+come squeamishly out of his mouth, and the laughter commonly before the
+jest. He names this word college too often, and his discourse beats too
+much on the university. The perplexity of mannerliness will not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> let him
+feed, and he is sharp set at an argument when he should cut his meat. He
+is discarded for a gamester at all games but one and thirty,<a name="FNanchor_41_90" id="FNanchor_41_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_90" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> and at
+tables he reaches not beyond doublets. His fingers are not long and drawn
+out to handle a fiddle, but his fist clunched with the habit of disputing.
+He ascends a horse somewhat sinisterly, though not on the left side, and
+they both go jogging in grief together. He is exceedingly censured by the
+inns-of-court men, for that heinous vice being out of fashion. He cannot
+speak to a dog in his own dialect, and understands Greek better than the
+language of a falconer. He has been used to a dark room, and dark
+cloathes, and his eyes dazzle at a sattin suit. The hermitage of his
+study, has made him somewhat uncouth in the world, and men make him worse
+by staring on him. Thus is he [silly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> and] ridiculous, and it continues
+with him for some quarter of a year out of the university. But practise
+him a little in men, and brush him over with good company, and he shall
+out-ballance those glisterers, as far as a solid substance does a feather,
+or gold, gold-lace.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_89" id="Footnote_40_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_89"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> <i>Now become a man's total</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_90" id="Footnote_41_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_90"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> Of the game called <i>one and thirty</i>, I am unable to find any
+mention in Mr. Strutt's <i>Sports and Pastimes</i>, nor is it alluded to in any
+of the old plays or tracts I have yet met with. A very satisfactory
+account of <i>tables</i> may be read in the interesting and valuable
+publication just noticed.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXII" id="XXII"></a>XXII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PLAIN COUNTRY FELLOW</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that manures his ground well, but lets himself lye fallow and
+untilled. He has reason enough to do his business, and not enough to be
+idle or melancholy. He seems to have the punishment of <i>Nebuchadnezzar</i>,
+for his conversation is among beasts, and his tallons none of the
+shortest, only he eats not grass, because he loves not sallets. His hand
+guides the plough, and the plough his thoughts, and his ditch and
+land-mark is the very mound of his meditations. He<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> expostulates with his
+oxen very understandingly, and speaks gee, and ree, better than English.
+His mind is not much distracted with objects, but if a good fat cow come
+in his way, he stands dumb and astonished, and though his haste be never
+so great, will fix here half an hour's contemplation. His habitation is
+some poor thatched roof, distinguished from his barn by the loopholes that
+let out smoak, which the rain had long since washed through, but for the
+double ceiling of bacon on the inside, which has hung there from his
+grandsire's time, and is yet to make rashers for posterity. His dinner is
+his other work, for he sweats at it as much as at his labour; he is a
+terrible fastner on a piece of beef, and you may hope to stave the guard
+off sooner. His religion is a part of his copy-hold, which he takes from
+his land-lord, and refers it wholly to his discretion: Yet if he give him
+leave he is a good Christian to his power, (that is,) comes to church in
+his best cloaths, and sits there with his neighbours, where he is capable
+only of two prayers, for rain, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> fair weather. He apprehends God's
+blessings only in a good year, or a fat pasture, and never praises him but
+on <i>good ground</i>. Sunday he esteems a day to make merry in, and thinks a
+bag-pipe as essential to it as evening-prayer, where he walks very
+solemnly after service, with his hands coupled behind him, and censures
+the dancing of his parish. [His compliment with his neighbour is a good
+thump on the back, and his salutation commonly some blunt curse.] He
+thinks nothing to be vices, but pride and ill husbandry, from which he
+will gravely dissuade the youth, and has some thrifty hob-nail proverbs to
+clout his discourse. He is a niggard all the week, except only market-day,
+where, if his corn sell well, he thinks he may be drunk with a good
+conscience. His feet never stink so unbecomingly as when he trots after a
+lawyer in Westminster-hall, and even cleaves the ground with hard scraping
+in beseeching his worship to take his money. He is sensible of no calamity
+but the burning a stack of corn or the overflowing of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> a meadow, and
+thinks Noah's flood the greatest plague that ever was, not because it
+drowned the world, but spoiled the grass. For death he is never troubled,
+and if he get in but his harvest before, let it come when it will, he
+cares not.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXIII" id="XXIII"></a>XXIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PLAYER.</h3>
+
+
+<p>He knows the right use of the world, wherein he comes to play a part and
+so away. His life is not idle, for it is all action, and no man need be
+more wary in his doings, for the eyes of all men are upon him. His
+profession has in it a kind of contradiction, for none is more disliked,
+and yet none more applauded; and he has the misfortune of some scholar,
+too much wit makes him a fool. He is like our painting gentlewomen, seldom
+in his own face, seldomer in his cloaths; and he pleases,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> the better he
+counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for gold lace.
+He does not only personate on the stage, but sometimes in the street, for
+he is masked still in the habit of a gentleman. His parts find him oaths
+and good words, which he keeps for his use and discourse, and makes shew
+with them of a fashionable companion. He is tragical on the stage, but
+rampant in the tiring-house,<a name="FNanchor_42_91" id="FNanchor_42_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_91" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> and swears oaths there which he never
+conned. The waiting women spectators are over-ears in love with him, and
+ladies send for him to act in their chambers. Your inns-of-court men were
+undone but for him, he is their chief guest and employment, and the sole
+business that makes them afternoon's-men. The poet only is his tyrant, and
+he is bound to make his friend's friend drunk at his charge.
+Shrove-Tuesday he fears as much as the bauds, and Lent<a name="FNanchor_43_92" id="FNanchor_43_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_92" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> is more damage
+to him than the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> butcher. He was never so much discredited as in one act,
+and that was of parliament, which gives hostlers priviledge before him,
+for which he abhors it more than a corrupt judge. But to give him his due,
+one well-furnished actor has enough in him for five common gentlemen, and,
+if he have a good body, [for six, and] for resolution he shall challenge
+any Cato, for it has been his practice to die bravely.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_91" id="Footnote_42_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_91"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> The room where the performers dress, previous to coming on
+the stage.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_92" id="Footnote_43_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_92"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> This passage affords a proof of what has been doubted,
+namely, that the theatres were not permitted to be open during Lent, in
+the reign of James I. The restriction was waved in the next reign, as we
+find from the Puritanical Prynne:&mdash;"There are none so much addicted to
+stage-playes, but when they goe unto places where they cannot have them,
+or when, as they are suppressed by publike authority, (as in times of
+pestilence, and in <i>Lent, till now of late</i>,) can well subsist without
+them," &amp;c. <i>Histrio-Mastix</i>, 4to. <i>Lond. 1633. page 384.</i></p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXIV" id="XXIV"></a>XXIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A DETRACTOR</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one of a more cunning and active envy, wherewith he gnaws not foolishly
+himself, but throws it abroad and would have it blister others. He is
+commonly some weak parted fellow, and worse minded, yet is strangely
+ambitious to match others, not by mounting their worth, but bringing them
+down with his tongue to his own poorness. He is indeed like the red dragon
+that pursued the woman, for when he cannot over-reach another, he opens
+his mouth and throws a flood after to drown him. You cannot anger him
+worse than to do well, and he hates you more bitterly for this, than if
+you had cheated him of his patrimony with your own discredit. He is always
+slighting the general opinion, and wondering why such and such men should
+be applauded. Commend a good divine, he cries postilling; a philologer,
+pedantry; a poet, rhiming; a school-man,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> dull wrangling; a sharp conceit,
+boyishness; an honest man, plausibility. He comes to publick things not to
+learn, but to catch, and if there be but one sol&#339;cism, that is all he
+carries away. He looks on all things with a prepared sowerness, and is
+still furnished with a pish beforehand, or some musty proverb that
+disrelishes all things whatsoever. If fear of the company make him second
+a commendation, it is like a law-writ, always with a clause of exception,
+or to smooth his way to some greater scandal. He will grant you something,
+and bate more; and this bating shall in conclusion take away all he
+granted. His speech concludes still with an Oh! but,&mdash;and I could wish one
+thing amended; and this one thing shall be enough to deface all his former
+commendations. He will be very inward with a man to fish some bad out of
+him, and make his slanders hereafter more authentick, when it is said a
+friend reported it. He will inveigle you to naughtiness to get your good
+name into his clutches; he will be your pandar to have you on the hip for
+a whore-master, and make<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> you drunk to shew you reeling. He passes the
+more plausibly because all men have a smatch of his humour, and it is
+thought freeness which is malice. If he can say nothing of a man, he will
+seem to speak riddles, as if he could tell strange stories if he would;
+and when he has racked his invention to the utmost, he ends;&mdash;but I wish
+him well, and therefore must hold my peace. He is always listening and
+enquiring after men, and suffers not a cloak to pass by him unexamined. In
+brief, he is one that has lost all good himself, and is loth to find it in
+another.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXV" id="XXV"></a>XXV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A YOUNG GENTLEMAN OF THE UNIVERSITY</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that comes there to wear a gown, and to say hereafter, he has been
+at the university. His father sent him thither<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> because he heard there
+were the best fencing and dancing-schools; from these he has his
+education, from his tutor the over-sight. The first element of his
+knowledge is to be shewn the colleges, and initiated in a tavern by the
+way, which hereafter he will learn of himself. The two marks of his
+seniority, is the bare velvet of his gown, and his proficiency at tennis,
+where when he can once play a set, he is a fresh man no more. His study
+has commonly handsome shelves, his books neat silk strings, which he shews
+to his father's man, and is loth to unty<a name="FNanchor_44_93" id="FNanchor_44_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_93" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> or take down for fear of
+misplacing. Upon foul days for recreation he retires thither, and looks
+over the pretty book his tutor reads to him, which is commonly some short<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+history, or a piece of Euphormio; for which his tutor gives him money to
+spend next day. His main loytering is at the library, where he studies
+arms and books of honour, and turns a gentleman critick in pedigrees. Of
+all things he endures not to be mistaken for a scholar, and hates a black
+suit though it be made of sattin. His companion is ordinarily some stale
+fellow, that has been notorious for an ingle to gold hatbands,<a name="FNanchor_45_94" id="FNanchor_45_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_94" class="fnanchor">[45]</a> whom he
+admires at first, afterward scorns. If he have spirit or wit he may light
+of better company, and may learn some flashes of wit, which may do him
+knight's service in the country hereafter. But he is now gone to the
+inns-of-court, where he studies to forget what he learned before, his
+acquaintance and the fashion.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_93" id="Footnote_44_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_93"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> It may not be known to those who are not accustomed to meet
+with old books in their original bindings, or of seeing public libraries
+of antiquity, that the volumes were formerly placed on the shelves with
+the <i>leaves</i>, not the <i>back</i>, in front; and that the two sides of the
+binding were joined together with <i>neat silk</i> or other strings, and, in
+some instances, where the books were of greater value and curiosity than
+common, even fastened with gold or silver chains.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_94" id="Footnote_45_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_94"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> A hanger-on to noblemen, who are distinguished at the
+university by gold tassels to their caps; or in the language of the
+present day, a <i>tuft-hunter</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXVI" id="XXVI"></a>XXVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A WEAK MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a child at man's estate, one whom nature huddled up in haste, and left
+his best part unfinished. The rest of him is grown to be a man, only his
+brain stays behind. He is one that has not improved his first rudiments,
+nor attained any proficiency by his stay in the world: but we may speak of
+him yet as when he was in the bud, a good harmless nature, a well meaning
+mind<a name="FNanchor_46_95" id="FNanchor_46_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_95" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> [<i>and no more</i>.] It is his misery that he now wants a tutor, and
+is too old to have one. He is two steps above a fool, and a great many
+more below a wise man; yet the fool is oft given him, and by those whom he
+esteems most. Some tokens of him are,&mdash;he loves men better upon relation
+than experience, for he is exceedingly enamoured of strangers, and none
+quicklier a weary of his friend. He charges you at first meeting with all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>
+his secrets, and on better acquaintance grows more reserved. Indeed he is
+one that mistakes much his abusers for friends, and his friends for
+enemies, and he apprehends your hate in nothing so much as in good
+council. One that is flexible with any thing but reason, and then only
+perverse. [A servant to every tale and flatterer, and whom the last man
+still works over.] A great affecter of wits and such prettinesses; and his
+company is costly to him, for he seldom has it but invited. His friendship
+commonly is begun in a supper, and lost in lending money. The tavern is a
+dangerous place to him, for to drink and be drunk is with him all one, and
+his brain is sooner quenched than his thirst. He is drawn into naughtiness
+with company, but suffers alone, and the bastard commonly laid to his
+charge. One that will be patiently abused, and take exception a month
+after when he understands it, and then be abused again into a
+reconcilement; and you cannot endear him more than by cozening him, and it
+is a temptation to those that would not. One discoverable in all silliness
+to all men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> but himself, and you may take any man's knowledge of him
+better than his own. He will promise the same thing to twenty, and rather
+than deny one break with all. One that has no power over himself, over his
+business, over his friends, but a prey and pity to all; and if his
+fortunes once sink, men quickly cry, Alas!&mdash;and forget him.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_95" id="Footnote_46_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_95"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> <i>If he could order his intentions</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXVII" id="XXVII"></a>XXVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A TOBACCO-SELLER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the only man that finds good in it which others brag of but do not; for
+it is meat, drink, and clothes to him. No man opens his ware with greater
+seriousness, or challenges your judgment more in the approbation. His shop
+is the rendezvous of spitting, where men dialogue with their noses, and
+their communication is smoak.<a name="FNanchor_47_96" id="FNanchor_47_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_96" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> It is the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> place only where Spain is
+commended and preferred before England itself. He should be well
+experienced in the world, for he has daily trial of men's nostrils, and
+none is better acquainted with humours. He is the piecing commonly of some
+other trade, which is bawd to his tobacco, and that to his wife, which is
+the flame that follows this smoak.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_96" id="Footnote_47_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_96"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Minshew calls a tobacconist <i>fumi-vendulus</i>, a
+<i>smoak-seller</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXVIII" id="XXVIII"></a>XXVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A POT-POET</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the dregs of wit, yet mingled with good drink may have some relish. His
+inspirations are more real than others, for they do but feign a God, but
+he has his by him. His verse runs like the tap, and his invention as the
+barrel, ebbs and flows at the mercy of the spiggot. In thin drink he
+aspires not above a ballad, but a cup of sack inflames him, and sets his
+muse and nose a-fire together. The press is his mint, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> stamps him now
+and then a six-pence or two in reward of the baser coin his pamphlet. His
+works would scarce sell for three half-pence, though they are given oft
+for three shillings, but for the pretty title that allures the country
+gentleman; for which the printer maintains him in ale a fortnight. His
+verses are like his clothes miserable centoes<a name="FNanchor_48_97" id="FNanchor_48_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_97" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> and patches, yet their
+pace is not altogether so hobbling as an almanack's. The death of a great
+man or the <i>burning</i><a name="FNanchor_49_98" id="FNanchor_49_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_98" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> of a house furnish him with an argument, and the
+nine muses are out strait in mourning gowns, and Melpomene cries fire!
+fire! [His other poems are but briefs in rhime, and like the poor Greeks
+collections to redeem from captivity.] He is a man now much employed in
+commendations of our navy, and a bitter inveigher against the Spaniard.
+His frequentest works go out in single sheets,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> and are chanted from
+market to market to a vile tune and a worse throat; whilst the poor
+country wench melts like her butter to hear them. And these are the
+stories of some men of Tyburn, or a strange monster out of Germany;<a name="FNanchor_50_99" id="FNanchor_50_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_99" class="fnanchor">[50]</a>
+or, sitting in a bawdy-house, he writes God's judgments. He drops away at
+last in some obscure painted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> cloth, to which himself made the verses,<a name="FNanchor_51_100" id="FNanchor_51_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_100" class="fnanchor">[51]</a>
+and his life, like a cann too full, spills upon the bench. He leaves
+twenty shillings on the score, which my hostess loses.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_97" id="Footnote_48_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_97"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> <i>Cento</i>, a composition formed by joining scraps from other
+authors. <i>Johnson.</i> Camden, in his <i>Remains</i>, uses it in the same sense.
+"It is quilted, as it were, out of shreds of divers poets, such as
+scholars call a <i>cento</i>."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_98" id="Footnote_49_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_98"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> <i>Firing</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_99" id="Footnote_50_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_99"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> In the hope of discovering some account of the <i>strange
+monster</i> alluded to, I have looked through one of the largest and most
+curious collections of tracts, relating to the marvellous, perhaps in
+existence. That bequeathed to the Bodleian, by Robert Burton, the author
+of the <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>. Hitherto my researches have been
+unattended with success, as I have found only two tracts of this
+description relating to Germany, both of which are in prose, and neither
+giving any account of a monster.
+</p><p>
+1. <i>A most true Relation of a very dreadfull Earthquake, with the
+lamentable Effectes thereof, which began upon the 8. of December 1612. and
+yet continueth most fearefull in Munster in Germanie. Reade and Tremble.
+Translated out of Dutch, by Charles Demetrius, Publike Notarie in London,
+and printed at Rotterdame, in Holland, at the Signe of the White
+Gray-hound.</i> (Date cut off. Twenty-six pages, 4to. with a woodcut.)
+</p><p>
+2. <i>Miraculous Newes from the Cittie of Holt, in the Lordship of Munster,
+in Germany, the twentieth of September last past, 1616. where there were
+plainly beheld three dead bodyes rise out of their Graues admonishing the
+people of Iudgements to come. Faithfully translated (&amp;c. &amp;c.) London,
+Printed for Iohn Barnes, dwelling in Hosie Lane neere Smithfield, 1616.</i>
+(4to. twenty pages, wood-cut.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_100" id="Footnote_51_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_100"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> It was customary to work or paint proverbs, moral sentences,
+or scraps of verse on old tapestry hangings, which were called <i>painted
+cloths</i>. Several allusions to this practice may be found in the works of
+our early English dramatists. See Reed's <i>Shakspeare</i>, viii. 103</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXIX" id="XXIX"></a>XXIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PLAUSIBLE MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that would fain run an even path in the world, and jut against no
+man. His endeavour is not to offend, and his aim the general opinion. His
+conversation is a kind of continued compliment, and his life a practice of
+manners. The relation he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> bears to others, a kind of fashionable respect,
+not friendship but friendliness, which is equal to all and general, and
+his kindnesses seldom exceed courtesies. He loves not deeper mutualities,
+because he would not take sides, nor hazard himself on displeasures, which
+he principally avoids. At your first acquaintance with him he is exceeding
+kind and friendly, and at your twentieth meeting after but friendly still.
+He has an excellent command over his patience and tongue, especially the
+last, which he accommodates always to the times and persons, and speaks
+seldom what is sincere, but what is civil. He is one that uses all
+companies, drinks all healths, and is reasonable cool in all religions.
+[He considers who are friends to the company, and speaks well where he is
+sure to hear of it again.] He can listen to a foolish discourse with an
+applausive attention, and conceal his laughter at nonsense. Silly men much
+honour and esteem him, because by his fair reasoning with them as with men
+of understanding, he puts them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> into an erroneous opinion of themselves,
+and makes them forwarder hereafter to their own discovery. He is one
+<i>rather well</i><a name="FNanchor_52_101" id="FNanchor_52_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_101" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> thought on than beloved, and that love he has is more of
+whole companies together than any one in particular. Men gratify him
+notwithstanding with a good report, and whatever vices he has besides, yet
+having no enemies, he is sure to be an honest fellow.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_101" id="Footnote_52_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_101"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> <i>Better</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXX" id="XXX"></a>XXX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A BOWL-ALLEY</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the place where there are three things thrown away beside bowls, to
+wit, time, money, and curses, and the last ten for one. The best sport in
+it is the gamesters, and he enjoys it that looks on and bets not. It is
+the school of wrangling, and worse than the schools, for men will cavil
+here for a hair's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> breadth, and make a stir where a straw would end the
+controversy. No antick screws men's bodies into such strange flexures, and
+you would think them here senseless, to speak sense to their bowl, and put
+their trust in intreaties for a good cast. The betters are the factious
+noise of the alley, or the gamesters beadsmen that pray for them. They are
+somewhat like those that are cheated by great men, for they lose their
+money and must say nothing. It is the best discovery of humours,
+especially in the losers, where you have fine variety of impatience,
+whilst some fret, some rail, some swear, and others more ridiculously
+comfort themselves with philosophy. To give you the moral of it; it is the
+emblem of the world, or the world's ambition: where most are short, or
+over, or wide or wrong-biassed, and some few justle in to the mistress
+fortune. And it is here as in the court, where the nearest are most
+spited, and all blows aimed at the toucher.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXI" id="XXXI"></a>XXXI.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WORLD'S WISE MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is an able and sufficient wicked man: It is a proof of his sufficiency
+that he is not called wicked, but wise. A man wholly determined in himself
+and his own ends, and his instruments herein any thing that will do it.
+His friends are a part of his engines, and as they serve to his works,
+used or laid by: Indeed he knows not this thing of friend, but if he give
+you the name, it is a sign he has a plot on you. Never more active in his
+businesses, than when they are mixed with some harm to others; and it is
+his best play in this game to strike off and lie in the place: Successful
+commonly in these undertakings, because he passes smoothly those rubs
+which others stumble at, as conscience and the like; and gratulates
+himself much in this advantage. Oaths and falshood he counts the nearest
+way, and loves not by any means to go about. He<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> has many fine quips at
+this folly of plain dealing, but his "tush!" is greatest at religion; yet
+he uses this too, and virtue and good words, but is less dangerously a
+devil than a saint. He ascribes all honesty to an unpractisedness in the
+world, and conscience a thing merely for children. He scorns all that are
+so silly to <i>trust</i><a name="FNanchor_53_102" id="FNanchor_53_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_102" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> him, and only not scorns his enemy, especially if
+as bad as himself: he fears him as a man well armed and provided, but sets
+boldly on good natures, as the most vanquishable. One that seriously
+admires those worst princes, as Sforza, Borgia, and Richard the third; and
+calls matters of deep villany things of difficulty. To whom murders are
+but resolute acts, and treason a business of great consequence. One whom
+two or three countries make up to this compleatness, and he has travelled
+for the purpose. His deepest indearment is a communication of mischief,
+and then only you have him fast. His conclusion is commonly one of these
+two, either a great man, or hanged.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_102" id="Footnote_53_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_102"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> <i>Hate</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXII" id="XXXII"></a>XXXII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SURGEON</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that has some business about this building or little house of man,
+whereof nature is as it were the tiler, and he the plaisterer. It is ofter
+out of reparations than an old parsonage, and then he is set on work to
+patch it again. He deals most with broken commodities, as a broken head or
+a mangled face, and his gains are very ill got, for he lives by the hurts
+of the commonwealth. He differs from a physician as a sore does from a
+disease, or the sick from those that are not whole, the one distempers you
+within, the other blisters you without. He complains of the decay of
+valour in these days, and sighs for that slashing age of sword and
+buckler; and thinks the law against duels was made meerly to wound his
+vocation. He had been long since undone if the charity of the stews had
+not relieved him, from whom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> he has his tribute as duly as the pope; or a
+wind-fall sometimes from a tavern, if a quart pot hit right. The rareness
+of his custom makes him pitiless when it comes, and he holds a patient
+longer than our [spiritual] courts a cause. He tells you what danger you
+had been in if he had staid but a minute longer, and though it be but a
+pricked finger, he makes of it much matter. He is a reasonable cleanly
+man, considering the scabs he has to deal with, and your finest ladies are
+now and then beholden to him for their best dressings. He curses old
+gentlewomen and their charity that makes his trade their alms; but his
+envy is never stirred so much as when gentlemen go over to fight upon
+Calais sands,<a name="FNanchor_54_103" id="FNanchor_54_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_103" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> whom he wishes drowned e'er they come there, rather than
+the French shall get his custom.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_103" id="Footnote_54_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_103"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> <i>Calais sands</i> were chosen by English duellists to decide
+their quarrels on, as being out of the jurisdiction of the law. This
+custom is noticed in an Epigram written about the period in which this
+book first appeared.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"When boasting Bembus challeng'd is to fight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He seemes at first a very Diuell in sight:<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Till more aduizde, will not defile [his] hands,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vnlesse you meete him vpon <i>Callice</i> sands."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<i>The Mastive or Young Whelpe of the olde Dog. Epigrams and Satyrs.</i> 4to.
+<i>Lond.</i> (<i>Printed, as Warton supposes, about 1600.</i>)
+</p><p>
+A passage in <i>The Beau's Duel: or a Soldier for the Ladies</i>, a comedy, by
+Mrs. Centlivre, 4to. 1707, proves, that it existed so late as at that day.
+"Your only way is to send him word you'll meet him on <i>Calais sands</i>;
+duelling is unsafe in England for men of estates," &amp;c. See also other
+instances in Dodsley's <i>Old Plays</i>, edit. 1780. vii. 218.&mdash;xii. 412.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXIII" id="XXXIII"></a>XXXIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A CONTEMPLATIVE MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a scholar in this great university the world; and the same his book and
+study. He cloysters not his meditations in the narrow darkness of a room,
+but sends them abroad with his eyes, and his brain travels with his feet.
+He looks upon man from a high tower, and sees him trulier at this distance
+in his infirmities and poorness. He scorns to mix himself in men's
+actions, as he would to act upon a stage; but sits<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> aloft on the scaffold
+a censuring spectator. [He will not lose his time by being busy, or make
+so poor a use of the world as to hug and embrace it.] Nature admits him as
+a partaker of her sports, and asks his approbation as it were of her own
+works and variety. He comes not in company, because he would not be
+solitary, but finds discourse enough with himself, and his own thoughts
+are his excellent playfellows. He looks not upon a thing as a yawning
+stranger at novelties, but his search is more mysterious and inward, and
+he spells heaven out of earth. He knits his observations together, and
+makes a ladder of them all to climb to God. He is free from vice, because
+he has no occasion to imploy it, and is above those ends that make man
+wicked. He has learnt all can here be taught him, and comes now to heaven
+to see more.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXIV" id="XXXIV"></a>XXXIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one in whom good women suffer, and have their truth misinterpreted by
+her folly. She is one, she knows not what her self if you ask her, but she
+is indeed one that has taken a toy at the fashion of religion, and is
+enamoured of the new fangle. She is a nonconformist in a close stomacher
+and ruff of Geneva print,<a name="FNanchor_55_104" id="FNanchor_55_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_104" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> and her purity consists much in her linnen.
+She has heard of the rag of Rome, and thinks it a very sluttish religion,
+and rails at the whore of Babylon for a very naughty woman. She has left<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>
+her virginity as a relick of popery, and marries in her tribe without a
+ring. Her devotion at the church is much in the turning up of her eye; and
+turning down the leaf in her book, when she hears named chapter and verse.
+When she comes home, she commends the sermon for the scripture, and two
+hours. She loves preaching better then praying, and of preachers,
+lecturers; and thinks the week day's exercise far more edifying than the
+Sunday's. Her oftest gossipings are sabbath-day's journeys, where, (though
+an enemy to superstition,) she will go in pilgrimage five mile to a
+silenced minister, when there is a better sermon in her own parish. She
+doubts of the virgin Mary's salvation, and dares not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> saint her, but knows
+her own place in heaven as perfectly as the pew she has a key to. She is
+so taken up with faith she has no room for charity, and understands no
+good works but what are wrought on the sampler. She accounts nothing vices
+but superstition and an oath, and thinks adultery a less sin than to swear
+<i>by my truly</i>. She rails at other women by the names of Jezebel and
+Dalilah; and calls her own daughters Rebecca and Abigail, and not Ann but
+Hannah. She suffers them not to learn on the virginals,<a name="FNanchor_56_105" id="FNanchor_56_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_105" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> because of
+their affinity with organs, but is reconciled to the bells for the chimes
+sake, since they were reformed to the tune of a psalm. She overflows so
+with the bible, that she spills it upon every occasion, and will not
+cudgel her maids without scripture. It is a question whether she is more
+troubled with the Devil, or the Devil with her: She is always challenging
+and daring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> him, and her weapon [<a name="FNanchor_57_106" id="FNanchor_57_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_106" class="fnanchor">[57]</a><i>is the Practice of Piety</i>.] Nothing
+angers her so much as that women cannot preach, and in this point only
+thinks the Brownist erroneous; but what she cannot at the church she does
+at the table, where she prattles more than any against sense and
+Antichrist, 'till a capon's wing silence her. She expounds the priests of
+Baal, reading ministers, and thinks the salvation of that parish as
+desperate as the Turks. She is a main derider to her capacity of those
+that are not her preachers, and censures all sermons but bad ones. If her
+husband be a tradesman, she helps him to customers, howsoever to good
+cheer, and they are a most faithful couple at these meetings, for they
+never fail. Her conscience is like others lust, never satisfied, and you
+might better answer Scotus than her scruples. She is one that thinks she
+performs all her duties to God in hearing, and shews the fruits of it in
+talking. She is more fiery<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> against the may-pole than her husband, and
+thinks she might do a Phineas' act to break the pate of the fidler. She is
+an everlasting argument, but I am weary of her.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_104" id="Footnote_55_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_104"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> Strict devotees were, I believe, noted for the smallness and
+precision of their <i>ruffs</i>, which were termed <i>in print</i> from the
+exactness of the folds. So in Mynshul's <i>Essays</i>, 4to. 1618. "I vndertooke
+a warre when I adventured to speake in <i>print</i>, (not in <i>print as
+Puritan's ruffes</i> are set.)" The term of <i>Geneva print</i> probably arose
+from the minuteness of the type used at Geneva. In the <i>Merry Devil of
+Edmonton</i>, a comedy, 4to. 1608, is an expression which goes some way to
+prove the correctness of this supposition:&mdash;"I see by thy eyes thou hast
+bin reading <i>little Geneua print</i>;"&mdash;and, that <i>small ruffs</i> were worn by
+the puritanical set, an instance appears in Mayne's <i>City Match</i>, a
+comedy, 4to. 1658.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i10">&mdash;&mdash;"O miracle!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Out of your <i>little ruffe</i>, Dorcas, and in the fashion!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dost thou hope to be saved?"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+From these three extracts it is, I think, clear that a <i>ruff of Geneva
+print</i> meant a <i>small, closely-folded ruff</i>, which was the distinction of
+a non-conformist.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_105" id="Footnote_56_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_105"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> A virginal, says Mr. Malone, was strung like a spinnet, and
+shaped like a piano-forte: the mode of playing on this instrument was
+therefore similar to that of the organ.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_106" id="Footnote_57_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_106"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> <i>Weapons are spells no less potent than different, as being
+the sage sentences of some of her own sectaries.</i> First edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXV" id="XXXV"></a>XXXV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that hangs in the balance with all sorts of opinions, whereof not
+one but stirs him and none sways him. A man guiltier of credulity than he
+is taken to be; for it is out of his belief of every thing, that he fully
+believes nothing. Each religion scares him from its contrary: none
+persuades him to itself. He would be wholly a Christian, but that he is
+something of an atheist, and wholly an atheist, but that he is partly a
+Christian; and a perfect heretic, but that there are so many to distract
+him. He finds reason in all opinions, truth in none: indeed the least
+reason perplexes him, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> the best will not satisfy him. He is at most a
+confused and wild Christian, not specialized by any form, but capable of
+all. He uses the land's religion, because it is next him, yet he sees not
+why he may not take the other, but he chuses this, not as better, but
+because there is not a pin to choose. He finds doubts and scruples better
+than resolves them, and is always too hard for himself. His learning is
+too much for his brain, and his judgment too little for his learning, and
+his over-opinion of both, spoils all. Pity it was his mischance of being a
+scholar; for it does only distract and irregulate him, and the world by
+him. He hammers much in general upon our opinion's uncertainty, and the
+possibility of erring makes him not venture on what is true. He is
+troubled at this naturalness of religion to countries, that protestantism
+should be born so in England and popery abroad, and that fortune and the
+stars should so much share in it. He likes not this connection of the
+common-weal and divinity, and fears it may be an arch-practice<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> of state.
+In our differences with Rome he is strangely unfixed, and a new man every
+new day, as his last discourse-book's meditations transport him. He could
+like the gray hairs of popery, did not some dotages there stagger him: he
+would come to us sooner, but our new name affrights him. He is taken with
+their miracles, but doubts an imposture; he conceives of our doctrine
+better, but it seems too empty and naked. He cannot drive into his fancy
+the circumscription of truth to our corner, and is as hardly persuaded to
+think their old legends true. He approves well of our faith, and more of
+their works, and is sometimes much affected at the zeal of Amsterdam. His
+conscience interposes itself betwixt duellers, and whilst it would part
+both, is by both wounded. He will sometimes propend much to us upon the
+reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine<a name="FNanchor_58_107" id="FNanchor_58_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_107" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> recoils as far back again;
+and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> the fathers justle him from one side to another. Now Socinus<a name="FNanchor_59_108" id="FNanchor_59_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_108" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> and
+Vorstius<a name="FNanchor_60_109" id="FNanchor_60_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_109" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> afresh torture<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> him, and he agrees with none worse than
+himself. He puts his foot into heresies tenderly, as a cat in the water,
+and pulls it out again, and still something unanswered delays him; yet he
+bears away some parcel of each, and you may sooner pick all religions out
+of him than one. He cannot think so many wise men should be in error, nor
+so many honest men out of the way, and his wonder is double when he sees
+these oppose one another. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason, and
+you cannot anger him worse than with a father's <i>dixit</i>, and yet that many
+are not persuaded with reason, shall authorise his doubt. In sum,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> his
+whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, which death only
+concludes, and then he is resolved.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_107" id="Footnote_58_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_107"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> Robert Bellarmin, an Italian Jesuit, was born at Monte
+Pulciano, a town in Tuscany, in the year 1542, and in 1560 entered himself
+among the Jesuits. In 1599 he was honoured with a cardinal's hat, and in
+1602 was presented with the arch-bishopric of Capua: this, however, he
+resigned in 1605, when pope Paul V. desired to have him near himself. He
+was employed in the affairs of the court of Rome till 1621, when, leaving
+the Vatican, he retired to a house belonging to his order, and died
+September 17, in the same year.
+</p><p>
+Bellarmin was one of the best controversial writers of his time; few
+authors have done greater honour to their profession or opinions, and
+certain it is that none have ever more ably defended the cause of the
+Romish church, or contended in favour of the pope with greater advantage.
+As a proof of Bellarmin's abilities, there was scarcely a divine of any
+eminence among the protestants who did not attack him: Bayle aptly says,
+"they made his name resound every where, ut littus <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">Styla</a>, Styla, omne
+sonaret."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_108" id="Footnote_59_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_108"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> Faustus Socinus is so well known as the founder of the sect
+which goes under his name, that a few words will be sufficient. He was
+born in 1539, at Sienna, and imbibed his opinions from the instruction of
+his uncle, who always had a high opinion of, and confidence in, the
+abilities of his nephew, to whom he bequeathed all his papers. After
+living several years in the world, principally at the court of Francis de
+Medicis, Socinus, in 1577, went into Germany, and began to propagate the
+principles of his uncle, to which, it is said, he made great additions and
+alterations of his own. In the support of his opinions, he suffered
+considerable hardships, and received the greatest insults and
+persecutions; to avoid which, he retired to a place near Cracow, in
+Poland, where he died in 1504, at the age of sixty-five.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_109" id="Footnote_60_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_109"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> Conrade Vorstius, a learned divine, who was peculiarly
+detested by the Calvinists, and who had even the honour to be attacked by
+king James the first, of England, was born in 1569. Being compelled,
+through the interposition of James's ambassador, to quit <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">Leiden</a>, where he
+had attained the divinity-chair, and several other preferments, he retired
+to Toningen, where he died in 1622, with the strongest tokens of piety and
+resignation.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXVI" id="XXXVI"></a>XXXVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN ATTORNEY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>His antient beginning was a blue coat, since a livery, and his hatching
+under a lawyer; whence, though but pen-feathered, he hath now nested for
+himself, and with his boarded pence purchased an office. Two desks and a
+quire of paper set him up, where he now sits in state for all corners. We
+can call him no great author, yet he writes very much and with the infamy
+of the court is maintained in his libels.<a name="FNanchor_61_110" id="FNanchor_61_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_110" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> He has some smatch of a
+scholar, and yet uses Latin very hardly; and lest it should accuse him,
+cuts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> it off in the midst, and will not let it speak out. He is, contrary
+to great men, maintained by his followers, that is, his poor country
+clients, that worship him more than their landlords, and be they never
+such churls, he looks for their courtesy. He first racks them soundly
+himself, and then delivers them to the lawyer for execution. His looks are
+very solicitous, importing much haste and dispatch, he is never without
+his hands full of business, that is&mdash;of paper. His skin becomes at last as
+dry as his parchment, and his face as intricate as the most winding cause.
+He talks statutes as fiercely as if he had mooted<a name="FNanchor_62_111" id="FNanchor_62_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_111" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> seven years in the
+inns of court, when all his skill is stuck in his girdle, or in his
+office-window. Strife and wrangling have made him rich, and he is thankful
+to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> his benefactor, and nourishes it. If he live in a country village, he
+makes all his neighbours good subjects; for there shall be nothing done
+but what there is law for. His business gives him not leave to think of
+his conscience, and when the time, or term of his life is going out, for
+dooms-day he is secure; for he hopes he has a trick to reverse judgment.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_110" id="Footnote_61_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_110"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> <i>His style is very constant, for it keeps still the former
+aforesaid; and yet it seems he is much troubled in it, for he is always
+humbly complaining&mdash;your poor orator.</i> First edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_111" id="Footnote_62_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_111"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> To <i>moote</i> a terme vsed in the innes of the court; it is the
+handling of a case, as in the Vniuersitie their disputations, &amp;c. So
+<i>Minshew</i>, who supposes it to be derived from the French, <i>mot, verbum,
+quasi verba facere, aut sermonem de aliqua re habere</i>. <i>Mootmen</i> are those
+who, having studied seven or eight years, are qualified to practise, and
+appear to answer to our term of barristers.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXVII" id="XXXVII"></a>XXXVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PARTIAL MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the opposite extreme to a defamer, for the one speaks ill falsely, and
+the other well, and both slander the truth. He is one that is still
+weighing men in the scale of comparisons, and puts his affections in the
+one balance and that sways. His friend always shall do best, and you shall
+rarely hear good of his enemy. He considers first the man and then the
+thing, and restrains all merit to what they deserve of him. Commendations<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>
+he esteems not the debt of worth, but the requital of kindness; and if you
+ask his reason, shews his interest, and tells you how much he is beholden
+to that man. He is one that ties his judgment to the wheel of fortune, and
+they determine giddily both alike. He prefers England before other
+countries because he was born there, and Oxford before other universities,
+because he was brought up there, and the best scholar there is one of his
+own college, and the best scholar there is one of his friends. He is a
+great favourer of great persons, and his argument is still that which
+should be antecedent; as,&mdash;he is in high place, therefore virtuous;&mdash;he is
+preferred, therefore worthy. Never ask his opinion, for you shall hear but
+his faction, and he is indifferent in nothing but conscience. Men esteem
+him for this a zealous affectionate, but they mistake him many times, for
+he does it but to be esteemed so. Of all men he is worst to write an
+history, for he will praise a Sejanus or Tiberius, and for some petty
+respect of his all posterity shall be cozened.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXVIII" id="XXXVIII"></a>XXXVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A TRUMPETER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the elephant with the great trunk, for he eats nothing but what comes
+through this way. His profession is not so worthy as to occasion
+insolence, and yet no man so much puft up. His face is as brazen as his
+trumpet, and (which is worse,) as a fidler's, from whom he differeth only
+in this, that his impudence is dearer. The sea of drink and much wind make
+a storm perpetually in his cheeks, and his look is like his noise,
+blustering and tempestuous. He was whilom the sound of war, but now of
+peace; yet as terrible as ever, for wheresoever he comes they are sure to
+pay for it. He is the common attendant of glittering folks, whether in the
+court or stage, where he is always the prologue's prologue.<a name="FNanchor_63_112" id="FNanchor_63_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_112" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> He is
+somewhat in the nature of a hogshead,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> shrillest when he is empty; when
+his belly is full he is quiet enough. No man proves life more to be a
+blast, or himself a bubble, and he is like a counterfeit bankrupt, thrives
+best when he is blown up.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_112" id="Footnote_63_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_112"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> The prologue to our ancient dramas was ushered in by
+trumpets. "Present not yourselfe on the stage (especially at a new play)
+untill the quaking prologue hath (by rubbing) got cullor into his cheekes,
+and is ready to giue the trumpets their cue that hee's vpon point to
+enter." Decker's <i>Gul's Hornbook</i>, 1609. p. 30.
+</p><p>
+"Doe you not know that I am the Prologue? Do you not see this long blacke
+veluet cloke vpon my backe? <i>Haue you not sounded thrice?</i>" Heywood's
+<i>Foure Prentises of London</i>. 4to. 1615.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XXXIX" id="XXXIX"></a>XXXIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A VULGAR-SPIRITED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one of the herd of the world. One that follows merely the common cry,
+and makes it louder by one. A man that loves none but who are publickly
+affected, and he will not be wiser than the rest of the town. That never
+owns a friend after an ill name, or some general imputation, though he
+knows it most unworthy. That opposes to reason,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> "thus men say;" and "thus
+most do;" and "thus the world goes;" and thinks this enough to poise the
+other. That worships men in place, and those only; and thinks all a great
+man speaks oracles. Much taken with my lord's jest, and repeats you it all
+to a syllable. One that justifies nothing out of fashion, nor any opinion
+out of the applauded way. That thinks certainly all Spaniards and Jesuits
+very villains, and is still cursing the pope and Spinola. One that thinks
+the gravest cassock the best scholar; and the best cloaths the finest man.
+That is taken only with broad and obscene wit, and hisses any thing too
+deep for him. That cries, Chaucer for his money above all our English
+poets, because the voice has gone so, and he has read none. That is much
+ravished with such a nobleman's courtesy, and would venture his life for
+him, because he put off his hat. One that is foremost still to kiss the
+king's hand, and cries, "God bless his majesty!" loudest. That rails on
+all men condemned and out of favour, and the first that says "away with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>
+the traitors!"&mdash;yet struck with much ruth at executions, and for pity to
+see a man die, could kill the hangman. That comes to London to see it, and
+the pretty things in it, and, the chief cause of his journey, the bears.
+That measures the happiness of the kingdom by the cheapness of corn, and
+conceives no harm of state, but ill trading. Within this compass too, come
+those that are too much wedged into the world, and have no lifting
+thoughts above those things; that call to thrive, to do well; and
+preferment only the grace of God. That aim all studies at this mark, and
+shew you poor scholars as an example to take heed by. That think the
+prison and want a judgment for some sin, and never like well hereafter of
+a jail-bird. That know no other content but wealth, bravery, and the
+town-pleasures; that think all else but idle speculation, and the
+philosophers madmen. In short, men that are carried away with all
+outwardnesses, shews, appearances, the stream, the people; for there is no
+man of worth but has a piece of singularity, and scorns something.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XL" id="XL"></a>XL.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PLODDING STUDENT</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a kind of alchymist or persecutor of nature, that would change the dull
+lead of his brain into finer metal, with success many times as
+unprosperous, or at least not quitting the cost, to wit, of his own oil
+and candles. He has a strange forced appetite to learning, and to atchieve
+it brings nothing but patience and a body. His study is not great but
+continual, and consists much in the sitting up till after midnight in a
+rug-gown and a night-cap, to the vanquishing perhaps of some six lines;
+yet what he has, he has perfect, for he reads it so long to understand it,
+till he gets it without book. He may with much industry make a breach into
+logick, and arrive at some ability in an argument; but for politer studies
+he dare not skirmish with them, and for poetry accounts it impregnable.
+His invention is no more than the finding out of his papers,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> and his few
+gleanings there; and his disposition of them is as just as the
+bookbinders, a setting or glewing of them together. He is a great
+discomforter of young students, by telling them what travel it has cost
+him, and how often his brain turned at philosophy, and makes others fear
+studying as a cause of duncery. He is a man much given to apothegms, which
+serve him for wit, and seldom breaks any jest but which belongs to some
+Lacedemonian or Roman in Lycosthenes. He is like a dull carrier's horse,
+that will go a whole week together, but never out of a foot pace; and he
+that sets forth on the Saturday shall overtake him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLI" id="XLI"></a>XLI.</h2>
+
+<h3>PAUL'S WALK<a name="FNanchor_64_113" id="FNanchor_64_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_113" class="fnanchor">[64]</a></h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the land's epitome, or you may call it the lesser isle of Great
+Britain. It is more than this, the whole world's map, which you may here
+discern in its perfectest motion, justling and turning. It is a heap of
+stones and men, with a vast confusion of languages;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> and were the steeple
+not sanctified, nothing liker Babel. The noise in it is like that of bees,
+a strange humming or buzz mixed of walking tongues and feet: it is a kind
+of still roar or loud whisper. It is the great exchange of all discourse,
+and no business whatsoever but is here stirring and a-foot. It is the
+synod of all pates politick, jointed and laid together in most serious
+posture, and they are not half so busy at the parliament. It is the antick
+of tails to tails, and backs to backs, and for vizards you need go no
+farther than faces. It is the market of young lecturers, whom you may
+cheapen here at all rates and sizes. It is the general mint of all famous
+lies, which are here like the legends of popery, first coined and stamped
+in the church. All inventions are emptied here, and not few pockets. The
+best sign of a temple in it is, that it is the thieves sanctuary, which
+rob more safely in the crowd than a wilderness, whilst every searcher is a
+bush to hide them. It is the other expence of the day, after plays,
+tavern, and a bawdy-house; and men have still some oaths left to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> swear
+here. It is the ear's brothel, and satisfies their lust and itch. The
+visitants are all men without exceptions, but the principal inhabitants
+and possessors are stale knights and captains<a name="FNanchor_65_114" id="FNanchor_65_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_114" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> out of service; men of
+long rapiers and breeches, which after all turn merchants here and
+traffick for news. Some make it a preface to their dinner, and travel for
+a stomach; but thriftier men make it their ordinary, and board here very
+cheap.<a name="FNanchor_66_115" id="FNanchor_66_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_115" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> Of all such places it is least haunted with hobgoblins, for if
+a ghost would walk more, he could not.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_113" id="Footnote_64_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_113"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> St. Paul's cathedral was, during the reigns of Elizabeth and
+James, a sort of exchange and public parade, where business was transacted
+between merchants, and where the fashionables of the day exhibited
+themselves. The reader will find several allusions to this custom in the
+<i>variorum</i> edition of Shakspeare, <i>K. Henry IV.</i> part 2. Osborne, in his
+<i>Traditional Memoires on the Reigns of Elizabeth and James</i>, 12mo. 1658,
+says, "It was the fashion of those times (James I.) and did so continue
+till these, (the interregnum,) for the principal gentry, lords, courtiers,
+and men of all professions, not merely mechanicks, to meet in <i>St. Paul's</i>
+church by eleven, and walk in the middle isle till twelve, and after
+dinner from three to six; during which time some discoursed of business,
+others of news." Weever complains of the practice, and says, "it could be
+wished that walking in the middle isle of <i>Paules</i> might be forborne in
+the time of diuine seruice." <i>Ancient Funeral Monuments</i>, 1631, page 373.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_114" id="Footnote_65_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_114"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> In the <i>Dramatis Person&aelig;</i> to Ben Jonson's <i>Every Man in his
+Humour</i>, Bobadil is styled a <i>Paul's man</i>; and Falstaff tells us that he
+bought Bardolph in <i>Paul's</i>. <i>King Henry IV.</i> Part 2.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_115" id="Footnote_66_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_115"><span class="label">[66]</span></a></p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i8">&mdash;&mdash;You'd not doe<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like your penurious father, who was wont<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>To walke his dinner out in Paules</i>.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>Mayne's <i>City Match</i>, 1658.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLII" id="XLII"></a>XLII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A COOK.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The kitchen is his hell, and he the devil in it, where his meat and he fry
+together. His revenues are showered down from the fat of the land, and he
+interlards his own grease among to help the drippings. Cholerick he is not
+by nature so much as his art, and it is a shrewd temptation that the
+chopping-knife is so near. His weapons, ofter offensive, are a mess of hot
+broth and scalding water, and woe be to him that comes in his way. In the
+kitchen he will domineer and rule the roast in spight of his master, and
+curses in the very dialect of his calling. His labour is meer blustering
+and fury, and his speech like that of sailors in a storm, a thousand
+businesses at once; yet, in all this tumult, he does not love combustion,
+but will be the first man that shall go and quench it. He is never a good
+christian till a hissing pot of ale has slacked him, like water cast on a
+firebrand, and for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> that time he is tame and dispossessed. His cunning is
+not small in architecture, for he builds strange fabricks in paste, towers
+and castles, which are offered to the assault of valiant teeth, and like
+Darius' palace in one banquet demolished. He is a pittiless murderer of
+innocents, and he mangles poor fowls with unheard-of tortures; and it is
+thought the martyrs persecutions were devised from hence: sure we are, St.
+Lawrence's gridiron came out of his kitchen. His best faculty is at the
+dresser, where he seems to have great skill in the tacticks, ranging his
+dishes in order military, and placing with great discretion in the
+fore-front meats more strong and hardy, and the more cold and cowardly in
+the rear; as quaking tarts and quivering custards, and such milk-sop
+dishes, which scape many times the fury of the encounter. But now the
+second course is gone up and he down in the cellar, where he drinks and
+sleeps till four o'clock<a name="FNanchor_67_116" id="FNanchor_67_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_116" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> in the afternoon, and then returns again to
+his regiment.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_116" id="Footnote_67_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_116"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> The time of supper was about five o'clock. See note at page
+<a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLIII" id="XLIII"></a>XLIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A BOLD FORWARD MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a lusty fellow in a crowd, that is beholden more to his elbow than his
+legs, for he does not go, but thrusts well. He is a good shuffler in the
+world, wherein he is so oft putting forth, that at length he puts on. He
+can do some things, but dare do much more, and is like a desperate
+soldier, who will assault any thing where he is sure not to enter. He is
+not so well opinioned of himself, as industrious to make others, and
+thinks no vice so prejudicial as blushing. He is still citing for himself,
+that a candle should not be hid under a bushel; and for his part he will
+be sure not to hide his, though his candle be but a snuff or rush-candle.
+Those few good parts he has, he is no niggard in displaying, and is like
+some needy flaunting goldsmith, nothing in the inner room, but all on the
+cupboard. If he be a scholar, he has commonly stepped into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> the pulpit
+before a degree, yet into that too before he deserved it. He never defers
+St. Mary's beyond his regency, and his next sermon is at Paul's cross,<a name="FNanchor_68_117" id="FNanchor_68_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_117" class="fnanchor">[68]</a>
+[and that printed.] He loves publick things alive; and for any solemn
+entertainment he will find a mouth, find a speech who will. He is greedy
+of great acquaintance and many, and thinks it no small advancement to rise
+to be known. [He is one that has all the great names at court at his
+fingers ends, and their lodgings; and with a saucy, "my lord," will salute
+the best of them.] His talk at the table is like Benjamin's mess, five
+times to his part, and no argument shuts him out for a quarreller. Of all
+disgraces he endures not to be non-plussed, and had rather fly for
+sanctuary to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> nonsense which few descry, than to nothing which all. His
+boldness is beholden to other men's modesty, which rescues him many times
+from a baffle; yet his face is good armour, and he is dashed out of any
+thing sooner than countenance. Grosser conceits are puzzled in him for a
+rare man; and wiser men though they know him [yet] take him [in] for their
+pleasure, or as they would do a sculler for being next at hand. Thus
+preferment at last stumbles on him, because he is still in the way. His
+companions that flouted him before, now envy him, when they see him come
+ready for scarlet, whilst themselves lye musty in their old clothes and
+colleges.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_117" id="Footnote_68_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_117"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Paul's cross stood in the church-yard of that cathedral, on
+the north side, towards the east end. It was used for the preaching of
+sermons to the populace; and Holinshed mentions two instances of public
+penance being performed here; in 1534 by some of the adherents of
+Elizabeth Barton, well known as <i>the holy maid of Kent</i>, and in 1536 by
+sir Thomas Newman, a priest, who "<i>bare a faggot at Paules crosse for
+singing masse with good ale</i>."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLIV" id="XLIV"></a>XLIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A BAKER.</h3>
+
+
+<p>No man verifies the proverb more, that it is an alms-deed to punish him;
+for his penalty is a dole,<a name="FNanchor_69_118" id="FNanchor_69_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_118" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> and does the beggars as much good as their
+dinner. He abhors, therefore, works of charity, and thinks his bread cast
+away when it is given to the poor. He loves not justice neither, for the
+weigh-scale's sake, and hates the clerk of the market as his executioner;
+yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
+prison.<a name="FNanchor_70_119" id="FNanchor_70_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_119" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> Marry a pillory is his deadly enemy, and he never hears well
+after.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_118" id="Footnote_69_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_118"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> <i>Dole</i> originally signified the portion of alms that was
+given away at the door of a nobleman. Steevens, note to <i>Shakspeare</i>. Sir
+John Hawkins affirms that the benefaction distributed at Lambeth palace
+gate, is to this day called the <i>dole</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_119" id="Footnote_70_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_119"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> That is, the contents of his basket, if discovered to be of
+light weight, are distributed to the needy prisoners.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLV" id="XLV"></a>XLV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PRETENDER TO LEARNING</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that would make all others more fools than himself, for though he
+know nothing, he would not have the would know so much. He conceits
+nothing in learning but the opinion, which he seeks to purchase without
+it, though he might with less labour cure his ignorance than hide it. He
+is indeed a kind of scholar-mountebank, and his art our delusion. He is
+tricked out in all the accoutrements of learning, and at the first
+encounter none passes better. He is oftener in his study than at his book,
+and you cannot pleasure him better than to deprehend him: yet he hears you
+not till the third knock, and then comes out very angry as interrupted.
+You find him in his <i>slippers</i><a name="FNanchor_71_120" id="FNanchor_71_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_120" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> and a pen in his ear, in which
+formality he was asleep. His table is spread<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> wide with some classick
+folio, which is as constant to it as the carpet, and hath laid open in the
+same page this half year. His candle is always a longer sitter up than
+himself, and the <i>boast</i><a name="FNanchor_72_121" id="FNanchor_72_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_121" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> of his window at midnight. He walks much
+alone in the posture of meditation, and has a book still before his face
+in the fields. His pocket is seldom without a Greek testament or Hebrew
+bible, which he opens only in the church, and that when some stander-by
+looks over. He has sentences for company, some scatterings of Seneca and
+Tacitus, which are good upon all occasions. If he reads any thing in the
+morning, it comes up all at dinner; and as long as that lasts, the
+discourse is his. He is a great plagiary of tavern wit, and comes to
+sermons only that he may talk of Austin. His parcels are the meer
+scrapings from company, yet he complains at parting what time he has lost.
+He is wondrously capricious to seem a judgment, and listens with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> a sower
+attention to what he understands not. He talks much of Scaliger, and
+Casaubon, and the Jesuits, and prefers some unheard-of Dutch name before
+them all. He has verses to bring in upon these and these hints, and it
+shall go hard but he will wind in his opportunity. He is critical in a
+language he cannot conster, and speaks seldom under Arminius in divinity.
+His business and retirement and caller away is his study, and he protests
+no delight to it comparable. He is a great nomenclator of authors, which
+he has read in general in the catalogue, and in particular in the title,
+and goes seldom so far as the dedication. He never talks of any thing but
+learning, and learns all from talking. Three encounters with the same men
+pump him, and then he only puts in or gravely says nothing. He has taken
+pains to be an ass, though not to be a scholar, and is at length
+discovered and laughed at.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_120" id="Footnote_71_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_120"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> <i>Study</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_121" id="Footnote_72_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_121"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> The first edition reads <i>post</i>, and, I think, preferably.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLVI" id="XLVI"></a>XLVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A HERALD</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the spawn or indeed but the resultancy of nobility, and to the making
+of him went not a generation but a genealogy. His trade is honour, and he
+sells it and gives arms himself, though he be no gentleman. His bribes are
+like those of a corrupt judge, for they are the prices of blood. He seems
+very rich in discourse, for he tells you of whole fields of gold and
+silver, or, and argent, worth much in French but in English nothing. He is
+a great diver in the streams or issues of gentry, and not a by-channel or
+bastard escapes him; yea he does with them like some shameless queen,
+fathers more children on them than ever they begot. His traffick is a kind
+of pedlary-ware, scutchions, and pennons, and little daggers and lions,
+such as children esteem and gentlemen; but his penny-worths are rampant,
+for you may buy three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> whole brawns cheaper than three boar's heads of him
+painted. He was sometimes the terrible coat of Mars, but is now for more
+merciful battles in the tilt-yard, where whosoever is victorious, the
+spoils are his. He is an art in England but in Wales nature, where they
+are born with heraldry in their mouths, and each name is a pedigree.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLVII" id="XLVII"></a>XLVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE COMMON SINGING-MEN IN CATHEDRAL CHURCHES</h3>
+
+
+<p>Are a bad society, and yet a company of good fellows, that roar deep in
+the quire, deeper in the tavern. They are the eight parts of speech which
+go to the syntaxis of service, and are distinguished by their noises much
+like bells, for they make not a concert but a peal. Their pastime or
+recreation is prayers, their exercise drinking,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> yet herein so religiously
+addicted that they serve God oftest when they are drunk. Their humanity is
+a leg to the residencer, their learning a chapter, for they learn it
+commonly before they read it; yet the old Hebrew names are little beholden
+to them, for they mis-call them worse than one another. Though they never
+expound the scripture, they handle it much, and pollute the gospel with
+two things, their conversation and their thumbs. Upon worky-days, they
+behave themselves at prayers as at their pots, for they swallow them down
+in an instant. Their gowns are laced commonly with streamings of ale, the
+superfluities of a cup or throat above measure. Their skill in melody
+makes them the better companions abroad, and their anthems abler to sing
+catches. Long lived for the most part they are not, especially the base,
+they overflow their bank so oft to drown the organs. Briefly, if they
+escape arresting, they die constantly in God's service; and to take their
+death with more patience, they have wine and cakes at their funeral, and
+now<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> they keep<a name="FNanchor_73_122" id="FNanchor_73_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_122" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> the church a great deal better, and help to fill it
+with their bones as before with their noise.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_122" id="Footnote_73_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_122"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> <i>Keep</i> for attend.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLVIII" id="XLVIII"></a>XLVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SHOP-KEEPER.</h3>
+
+
+<p>His shop is his well stuft book, and himself the title-page of it, or
+index. He utters much to all men, though he sells but to a few, and
+intreats for his own necessities, by asking others what they lack. No man
+speaks more and no more, for his words are like his wares, twenty of one
+sort, and he goes over them alike to all commers. He is an arrogant
+commender of his own things; for whatsoever he shews you is the best in
+the town, though the worst in his shop. His conscience was a thing that
+would have laid upon his hands, and he was forced to put it off, and
+makes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> great use of honesty to profess upon. He tells you lies by rote,
+and not minding, as the phrase to sell in, and the language he spent most
+of his years to learn. He never speaks so truely as when he says he would
+use you as his brother; for he would abuse his brother, and in his shop
+thinks it lawful. His religion is much in the nature of his customers, and
+indeed the pander to it: and by a mis-interpreted sense of scripture makes
+a gain of his godliness. He is your slave while you pay him ready money,
+but if he once befriend you, your tyrant, and you had better deserve his
+hate than his trust.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="XLIX" id="XLIX"></a>XLIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A BLUNT MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one whose wit is better pointed than his behaviour, and that coarse and
+impolished, not out of ignorance so much as humour. He is a great enemy to
+the fine gentleman,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> and these things of complement, and hates ceremony in
+conversation, as the Puritan in religion. He distinguishes not betwixt
+fair and double dealing, and suspects all smoothness for the dress of
+knavery. He starts at the encounter of a salutation as an assault, and
+beseeches you in choler to forbear your courtesy. He loves not any thing
+in discourse that comes before the purpose, and is always suspicious of a
+preface. Himself falls rudely still on his matter without any
+circumstance, except he use an old proverb for an introduction. He swears
+old out-of-date innocent oaths, as, by the mass! by our lady! and such
+like, and though there be lords present, he cries, my masters! He is
+exceedingly in love with his humour, which makes him always profess and
+proclaim it, and you must take what he says patiently, because he is a
+plain man. His nature is his excuse still, and other men's tyrant; for he
+must speak his mind, and that is his worst, and craves your pardon most
+injuriously for not pardoning you. His jests<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> best become him, because
+they come from him rudely and unaffected; and he has the luck commonly to
+have them famous. He is one that will do more than he will speak, and yet
+speak more than he will hear; for though he love to touch others, he is
+touchy himself, and seldom to his own abuses replies but with his fists.
+He is as squeazy<a name="FNanchor_74_123" id="FNanchor_74_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_123" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> of his commendations, as his courtesy, and his good
+word is like an eulogy in a satire. He is generally better favoured than
+he favours, as being commonly well expounded in his bitterness, and no man
+speaks treason more securely. He chides great men with most boldness, and
+is counted for it an honest fellow. He is grumbling much in the behalf of
+the commonwealth, and is in prison oft for it with credit. He is generally
+honest, but more generally thought so, and his downrightness credits him,
+as a man not well bended and crookned to the times. In conclusion, he is
+not easily bad, in whom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> this quality is nature, but the counterfeit is
+most dangerous, since he is disguised in a humour, that professes not to
+disguise.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_123" id="Footnote_74_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_123"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> <i>Squeazy</i>, niggardly.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="L" id="L"></a>L.</h2>
+
+<h3>A HANDSOME HOSTESS</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the fairer commendation of an inn, above the fair sign, or fair
+lodgings. She is the loadstone that attracts men of iron, gallants and
+roarers, where they cleave sometimes long, and are not easily got off. Her
+lips are your welcome, and your entertainment her company, which is put
+into the reckoning too, and is the dearest parcel in it. No citizen's wife
+is demurer than she at the first greeting, nor draws in her mouth with a
+chaster simper; but you may be more familiar without distaste, and she
+does not startle at bawdry. She is the confusion of a pottle of sack more
+than would have been spent elsewhere,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> and her little jugs are accepted to
+have her kiss excuse them. She may be an honest woman, but is not believed
+so in her parish, and no man is a greater infidel in it than her husband.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LI" id="LI"></a>LI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A CRITIC</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that has spelled over a great many books, and his observation is
+the orthography. He is the surgeon of old authors, and heals the wounds of
+dust and ignorance. He converses much in fragments and <i>desunt multa's</i>,
+and if he piece it up with two lines he is more proud of that book than
+the author. He runs over all sciences to peruse their syntaxis, and thinks
+all learning comprised in writing Latin. He tastes stiles as some
+discreeter palates do wine; and tells you which is genuine,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> which
+sophisticate and bastard. His own phrase is a miscellany of old words,
+deceased long before the C&aelig;sars, and entombed by Varro, and the modernest
+man he follows is Plautus. He writes <i>omneis</i> at length, and <i>quidquid</i>,
+and his gerund is most inconformable. He is a troublesome vexer of the
+dead, which after so long sparing must rise up to the judgment of his
+castigations. He is one that makes all books sell dearer, whilst he swells
+them into folios with his comments.<a name="FNanchor_75_124" id="FNanchor_75_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_124" class="fnanchor">[75]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_124" id="Footnote_75_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_124"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> On this passage, I fear, the present volume will be a
+sufficient commentary.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LII" id="LII"></a>LII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SERGEANT, OR CATCH-POLE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one of God's judgments; and which our roarers do only conceive
+terrible. He is the properest shape wherein they fancy Satan; for he is at
+most but an arrester, and hell a dungeon. He is the creditor's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> hawk,
+wherewith they seize upon flying birds, and fetch them again in his
+tallons. He is the period of young gentlemen, or their full stop, for when
+he meets with them they can go no farther. His ambush is a shop-stall, or
+close lane, and his assault is cowardly at your back. He respites you in
+no place but a tavern, where he sells his minutes dearer than a
+clock-maker. The common way to run from him is through him, which is often
+attempted and atchieved,<a name="FNanchor_76_125" id="FNanchor_76_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_125" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> [<i>and no man is more beaten out of charity</i>.]
+He is one makes the street more dangerous than the highways, and men go
+better provided in their walks than their journey. He is the first handsel
+of the young rapiers of the templers; and they are as proud of his repulse
+as an Hungarian of killing a Turk. He is a moveable prison, and his hands
+two manacles hard to be filed off. He is an occasioner of disloyal
+thoughts in the commonwealth, for he makes men hate the king's name worse
+than the devil's.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_125" id="Footnote_76_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_125"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> <i>And the clubs out of charity knock him down</i>, first edit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LIII" id="LIII"></a>LIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN UNIVERSITY DUN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a gentleman's follower cheaply purchased, for his own money has hired
+him. He is an inferior creditor of some ten shillings downwards,
+contracted for horse-hire, or perchance for drink, too weak to be put in
+suit, and he arrests your modesty. He is now very expensive of his time,
+for he will wait upon your stairs a whole afternoon, and dance attendance
+with more patience than a gentleman-usher. He is a sore beleaguerer of
+chambers, and assaults them sometimes with furious knocks; yet finds
+strong resistance commonly, and is kept out. He is a great complainer of
+scholar's loytering, for he is sure never to find them within, and yet he
+is the chief cause many times that makes them study. He grumbles at the
+ingratitude of men that shun him for his kindness, but indeed it is his
+own fault, for he is too great an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> upbraider. No man puts them more to
+their brain than he; and by shifting him off they learn to shift in the
+world. Some chuse their rooms on purpose to avoid his surprisals, and
+think the best commodity in them his prospect. He is like a rejected
+acquaintance, hunts those that care not for his company, and he knows it
+well enough, and yet will not keep away. The sole place to supple him is
+the buttery, where he takes grievous use upon your name,<a name="FNanchor_77_126" id="FNanchor_77_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_126" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> and he is one
+much wrought with good beer and rhetorick. He is a man of most unfortunate
+voyages, and no gallant walks the streets to less purpose.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_126" id="Footnote_77_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_126"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> That is, <i>runs you up a long score</i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LIV" id="LIV"></a>LIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A STAYED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a man: one that has taken order with himself, and sets a rule to those
+lawlesnesses within him: whose life is distinct and in method, and his
+actions, as it were, cast up before; not loosed into the world's vanities,
+but gathered up and contracted in his station: not scattered into many
+pieces of businesses, but that one course he takes, goes through with. A
+man firm and standing in his purposes, not heaved off with each wind and
+passion: that squares his expence to his coffers, and makes the total
+first, and then the items. One that thinks what he does, and does what he
+says, and foresees what he may do before he purposes. One whose "if I can"
+is more than another's assurance; and his doubtful tale before some men's
+protestations:&mdash;that is confident of nothing in futurity, yet his
+conjectures oft true prophecies:&mdash;that makes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> a pause still betwixt his
+ear and belief, and is not too hasty to say after others. One whose tongue
+is strung up like a clock till the time, and then strikes, and says much
+when he talks little:&mdash;that can see the truth betwixt two wranglers, and
+sees them agree even in that they fall out upon:&mdash;that speaks no rebellion
+in a bravery, or talks big from the spirit of sack. A man cool and
+temperate in his passions, not easily betrayed by his choler:&mdash;that vies
+not oath with oath, nor heat with heat, but replies calmly to an angry
+man, and is too hard for him too:&mdash;that can come fairly off from captain's
+companies, and neither drink nor quarrel. One whom no ill hunting sends
+home discontented, and makes him swear at his dogs and family. One not
+hasty to pursue the new fashion, nor yet affectedly true to his old round
+breeches; but gravely handsome, and to his place, which suits him better
+than his taylor: active in the world without disquiet, and careful without
+misery; yet neither ingulphed in his pleasures, nor a seeker of business,
+but has his hour for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> both. A man that seldom laughs violently, but his
+mirth is a cheerful look: of a composed and settled countenance, not set,
+nor much alterable with sadness or joy. He affects nothing so wholly, that
+he must be a miserable man when he loses it; but fore-thinks what will
+come hereafter, and spares fortune his thanks and curses. One that loves
+his credit, not this word reputation; yet can save both without a duel.
+Whose entertainments to greater men are respectful, not complementary; and
+to his friends plain, not rude. A good husband, father, master; that is,
+without doting, pampering, familiarity. A man well poised in all humours,
+in whom nature shewed most geometry, and he has not spoiled the work. A
+man of more wisdom than wittiness, and brain than fancy; and abler to any
+thing than to make verses.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LV" id="LV"></a>LV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MODEST MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a far finer man than he knows of, one that shews better to all men than
+himself, and so much the better to all men, as less to himself;<a name="FNanchor_78_127" id="FNanchor_78_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_127" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> for no
+quality sets a man off like this, and commends him more against his will:
+and he can put up any injury sooner than this (as he calls it) your irony.
+You shall hear him confute his commenders, and giving reasons how much
+they are mistaken, and is angry almost if they do not believe him. Nothing
+threatens him so much as great expectation, which he thinks more
+prejudicial than your under-opinion, because it is easier to make that
+false, than this true. He is one that sneaks from a good action, as one
+that had pilfered, and dare not justify it;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> and is more blushingly
+reprehended in this, than others in sin: that counts all publick
+declarings of himself, but so many penances before the people; and the
+more you applaud him, the more you abash him, and he recovers not his face
+a month after. One that is easy to like any thing of another man's, and
+thinks all he knows not of him better than that he knows. He excuses that
+to you, which another would impute; and if you pardon him, is satisfied.
+One that stands in no opinion because it is his own, but suspects it
+rather, because it is his own, and is confuted and thanks you. He sees
+nothing more willingly than his errors, and it is his error sometimes to
+be too soon persuaded. He is content to be auditor, where he only can
+speak, and content to go away, and think himself instructed. No man is so
+weak that he is ashamed to learn of, and is less ashamed to confess it;
+and he finds many times even in the dust, what others overlook and lose.
+Every man's presence is a kind of bridle to him, to stop the roving of his
+tongue and passions: and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> even impudent men look for this reverence from
+him, and distaste that in him, which they suffer in themselves, as one in
+whom vice is ill-favoured, and shews more scurvily than another. A bawdy
+jest shall shame him more than a bastard another man, and he that got it
+shall censure him among the rest. And he is coward to nothing more than an
+ill tongue, and whosoever dare lye on him hath power over him; and if you
+take him by his look, he is guilty. The main ambition of his life is not
+to be discredited; and for other things, his desires are more limited than
+his fortunes, which he thinks preferment, though never so mean, and that
+he is to do something to deserve this. He is too tender to venture on
+great places, and would not hurt a dignity to help himself: If he do, it
+was the violence of his friends constrained him, how hardly soever he
+obtain it, he was harder persuaded to seek it.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_127" id="Footnote_78_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_127"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> This, as well as many other passages in this work, has been
+appropriated by John Dunton, the celebrated bookseller, as his own. See
+his character of Mr. Samuel Hool, in <i>Dunton's Life and Errors</i>, 8vo.
+1705. p. 337.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LVI" id="LVI"></a>LVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEER EMPTY WIT</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is like one that spends on the stock without any revenues coming in, and
+will shortly be no wit at all; for learning is the fuel to the fire of
+wit, which, if it wants this feeding, eats out it self. A good conceit or
+two bates of such a man, and makes a sensible weakening in him; and his
+brain recovers it not a year after. The rest of him are bubbles and
+flashes, darted out on a sudden, which, if you take them while they are
+warm, may be laughed at; if they are cool, are nothing. He speaks best on
+the present apprehension, for meditation stupifies him, and the more he is
+in travel, the less he brings forth. His things come off then, as in a
+nauseateing stomach, where there is nothing to cast up, strains and
+convulsions, and some astonishing bombasts, which men only, till they
+understand, are scared with. A verse or some such work he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> may sometimes
+get up to, but seldom above the stature of an epigram, and that with some
+relief out of Martial, which is the ordinary companion of his pocket, and
+he reads him as he were inspired. Such men are commonly the trifling
+things of the world, good to make merry the company, and whom only men
+have to do withal when they have nothing to do, and none are less their
+friends than who are most their company. Here they vent themselves over a
+cup some-what more lastingly; all their words go for jests, and all their
+jests for nothing. They are nimble in the fancy of some ridiculous thing,
+and reasonable good in the expression. Nothing stops a jest when it's
+coming, neither friends, nor danger, but it must out howsoever, though
+their blood come out after, and then they emphatically rail, and are
+emphatically beaten, and commonly are men reasonable familiar to this.
+Briefly they are such whose life is but to laugh and be laughed at; and
+only wits in jest and fools in earnest.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LVII" id="LVII"></a>LVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A DRUNKARD</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that will be a man to-morrow morning, but is now what you will make
+him, for he is in the power of the next man, and if a friend the better.
+One that hath let go himself from the hold and stay of reason, and lies
+open to the mercy of all temptations. No lust but finds him disarmed and
+fenceless, and with the least assault enters. If any mischief escape him,
+it was not his fault, for he was laid as fair for it as he could. Every
+man sees him, as Cham saw his father the first of this sin, an uncovered
+man, and though his garment be on, uncovered; the secretest parts of his
+soul lying in the nakedest manner visible: all his passions come out now,
+all his vanities, and those shamefuller humours which discretion clothes.
+His body becomes at last like a miry way, where the spirits are beclogged
+and cannot pass: all his members are out of office, and his heels do<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> but
+trip up one another. He is a blind man with eyes, and a cripple with legs
+on. All the use he has of this vessel himself, is to hold thus much; for
+his drinking is but a scooping in of so many quarts, which are filled out
+into his body, and that filled out again into the room, which is commonly
+as drunk as he. Tobacco serves to air him after a washing, and is his only
+breath and breathing while. He is the greatest enemy to himself, and the
+next to his friend, and then most in the act of his kindness, for his
+kindness is but trying a mastery, who shall sink down first: and men come
+from him as a battle, wounded and bound up. Nothing takes a man off more
+from his credit, and business, and makes him more retchlesly<a name="FNanchor_79_128" id="FNanchor_79_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_128" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> careless
+what becomes of all. Indeed he dares not enter on a serious thought, or if
+he do, it is such melancholy that it sends him to be drunk again.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_128" id="Footnote_79_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_128"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> Rechlesse, <i>negligent</i>. Saxon, rectlerre. Chaucer uses it
+also as an adjective:
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"I may not in this cas be <i>reccheles</i>."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<i>Clerkes Tale</i>, v. 8364.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LVIII" id="LVIII"></a>LVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PRISON</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the grave of the living,<a name="FNanchor_80_129" id="FNanchor_80_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_129" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> where they are shut up from the world and
+their friends; and the worms that gnaw upon them their own thoughts and
+the jaylor. A house of meagre looks and ill smells, for lice, drink, and
+tobacco are the compound. Pluto's court was expressed from this fancy; and
+the persons are much about the same parity that is there. You may ask, as
+Menippus in Lucian, which is Nireus, which Thersites, which the beggar,
+which the knight;&mdash;for they are all suited in the same form of a kind of
+nasty poverty. Only to be out at elbows is in fashion here, and a great
+indecorum not to be thread-bare. Every man shews here like so many wracks
+upon the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> sea, here the ribs of a thousand pound, here the relicks of so
+many mannors, a doublet without buttons; and 'tis a spectacle of more pity
+than executions are. The company one with the other is but a vying of
+complaints, and the causes they have to rail on fortune and fool
+themselves, and there is a great deal of good fellowship in this. They are
+commonly, next their creditors, most bitter against the lawyers, as men
+that have had a great stroke in assisting them hither. Mirth here is
+stupidity or hard-heartedness, yet they feign it sometimes to slip
+melancholy, and keep off themselves from themselves, and the torment of
+thinking what they have been. Men huddle up their life here as a thing of
+no use, and wear it out like an old suit, the faster the better; and he
+that deceives the time best, best spends it. It is the place where new
+comers are most welcomed, and, next them, ill news, as that which extends
+their fellowship in misery, and leaves few to insult:&mdash;and they breath
+their discontents more securely here, and have their tongues at more
+liberty than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> abroad. Men see here much sin and much calamity; and where
+the last does not mortify, the other hardens; as those that are worse
+here, are desperately worse, and those from whom the horror of sin is
+taken off and the punishment familiar: and commonly a hard thought passes
+on all that come from this school; which though it teach much wisdom, it
+is too late, and with danger: and it is better be a fool than come here to
+learn it.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_129" id="Footnote_80_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_129"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> "A prison is a graue to bury men aliue, and a place wherein
+a man for halfe a yeares experience may learne more law then he can at
+Westminster for an hundred pound." Mynshul's <i>Essays and Characters of a
+Prison</i>. 4to. 1618.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LIX" id="LIX"></a>LIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SERVING MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one of the makings up of a gentleman as well as his clothes, and
+somewhat in the same nature, for he is cast behind his master as
+fashionably as his sword and cloak are, and he is but <i>in querpo</i><a name="FNanchor_81_130" id="FNanchor_81_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_130" class="fnanchor">[81]</a>
+without him. His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> properness<a name="FNanchor_82_131" id="FNanchor_82_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_131" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> qualifies him, and of that a good leg;
+for his head he has little use but to keep it bare. A good dull wit best
+suits with him to comprehend common sense and a trencher; for any greater
+store of brain it makes him but tumultuous, and seldom thrives with him.
+He follows his master's steps, as well in conditions as the street; if he
+wench or drink, he comes him in an under kind, and thinks it a part of his
+duty to be like him. He is indeed wholly his master's; of his faction,&mdash;of
+his cut,&mdash;of his pleasures:&mdash;he is handsome for his credit, and drunk for
+his credit, and if he have power in the cellar, commands the parish. He is
+one that keeps the best company, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> is none of it; for he knows all the
+gentlemen his master knows, and picks from thence some hawking and
+horse-race terms,<a name="FNanchor_83_132" id="FNanchor_83_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_132" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> which he swaggers with in the ale-house, where he is
+only called master. His mirth is bawdy jests with the wenches, and, behind
+the door, bawdy earnest. The best work he does is his marrying, for it
+makes an honest woman, and if he follows in it his master's direction, it
+is commonly the best service he does him.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_130" id="Footnote_81_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_130"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> <i>In querpo</i> is a corruption from the Spanish word <i>cu&eacute;rpo</i>.
+"<i>En cu&eacute;rpo, a man without a cloak.</i>" Pineda's <i>Dictionary</i>, 1740. The
+present signification evidently is, that a gentleman without his
+serving-man, or attendant, is but half dressed:&mdash;he possesses only in part
+the appearance of a man of fashion. "<i>To walk in cuerpo, is to go without
+a cloak.</i>" <i>Glossographia Anglicana Nova</i>, 8vo. 1719.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_131" id="Footnote_82_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_131"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> <i>Proper</i> was frequently used by old writers for comely, or
+handsome. Shakspeare has several instances of it:
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"I do mistake my person all this while:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon my life, she finds, although I cannot,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Myself to be a marvellous <i>proper</i> man."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<i>K. Richard III.</i> Act I. Sc. 2. &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_132" id="Footnote_83_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_132"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> "Why you know an'a man have not skill in the hawking and
+hunting languages now-a-days, I'll not give a rush for him." <i>Master
+Stephen.</i> <i>Every Man in his Humour.</i></p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LX" id="LX"></a>LX.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN INSOLENT MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a fellow newly great and newly proud; one that hath put himself into
+another face upon his preferment, for his own was not bred to it. One whom
+fortune hath shot up to some office or authority, and he shoots up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> his
+neck to his fortune, and will not bate you an inch of either. His very
+countenance and gesture bespeak how much he is, and if you understand him
+not, he tells you, and concludes every period with his place, which you
+must and shall know. He is one that looks on all men as if he were angry,
+but especially on those of his acquaintance, whom he beats off with a
+surlier distance, as men apt to mistake him, because they have known him;
+and for this cause he knows not you 'till you have told him your name,
+which he thinks he has heard, but forgot, and with much ado seems to
+recover. If you have any thing to use him in, you are his vassal for that
+time, and must give him the patience of any injury, which he does only to
+shew what he may do. He snaps you up bitterly, because he will be
+offended, and tells you, you are sawcy and troublesome, and sometimes
+takes your money in this language. His very courtesies are intolerable,
+they are done with such an arrogance and imputation; and he is the only
+man you may hate after a good turn, and not be ungrateful; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> men reckon
+it among their calamities to be beholden unto him. No vice draws with it a
+more general hostility, and makes men readier to search into his faults,
+and of them, his beginning; and no tale so unlikely but is willingly heard
+of him and believed. And commonly such men are of no merit at all, but
+make out in pride what they want in worth, and fence themselves with a
+stately kind of behaviour from that contempt which would pursue them. They
+are men whose preferment does us a great deal of wrong, and when they are
+down, we may laugh at them without breach of good-nature.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXI" id="LXI"></a>LXI.</h2>
+
+<h3>ACQUAINTANCE</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the first draught of a friend, whom we must lay down oft thus, as the
+foul copy, before we can write him perfect and true: for from hence, as
+from a probation, men take a degree in our respect, till at last they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>
+wholly possess us: for acquaintance is the hoard, and friendship the pair
+chosen out of it; by which at last we begin to impropriate and inclose to
+ourselves what before lay in common with others. And commonly where it
+grows not up to this, it falls as low as may be; and no poorer relation
+than old acquaintance, of whom we only ask how they do for fashion's sake,
+and care not. The ordinary use of acquaintance is but somewhat a more
+boldness of society, a sharing of talk, news, drink, mirth together; but
+sorrow is the right of a friend, as a thing nearer our heart, and to be
+delivered with it. Nothing easier than to create acquaintance, the mere
+being in company once does it; whereas friendship, like children, is
+ingendered by a more inward mixture, and coupling together; when we are
+acquainted not with their virtues only, but their faults, their passions,
+their fears, their shame,&mdash;and are bold on both sides to make their
+discovery. And as it is in the love of the body, which is then at the
+height and full when it has power and admittance into the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> hidden and
+worst parts of it; so it is in friendship with the mind, when those
+<i>verenda</i> of the soul, and those things which we dare not shew the world,
+are bare and detected one to another. Some men are familiar with all, and
+those commonly friends to none; for friendship is a sullener thing, is a
+contractor and taker up of our affections to some few, and suffers them
+not loosely to be scattered on all men. The poorest tie of acquaintance is
+that of place and country, which are shifted as the place, and missed but
+while the fancy of that continues. These are only then gladdest of other,
+when they meet in some foreign region, where the encompassing of strangers
+unites them closer, till at last they get new, and throw off one another.
+Men of parts and eminency, as their acquaintance is more sought for, so
+they are generally more staunch of it, not out of pride only, but fear to
+let too many in too near them: for it is with men as with pictures, the
+best show better afar off and at distance, and the closer you come to them
+the coarser they are. The best judgment of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> a man is taken from his
+acquaintance, for friends and enemies are both partial; whereas these see
+him truest because calmest, and are no way so engaged to lie for him. And
+men that grow strange after acquaintance, seldom piece together again, as
+those that have tasted meat and dislike it, out of a mutual experience
+disrelishing one another.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXII" id="LXII"></a>LXII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEER COMPLIMENTAL MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one to be held off still at the same distance you are now; for you
+shall have him but thus, and if you enter on him farther you lose him.
+Methinks Virgil well expresses him in those well-behaved ghosts that &AElig;neas
+met with, that were friends to talk with, and men to look on, but if he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>
+grasped them, but air.<a name="FNanchor_84_133" id="FNanchor_84_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_133" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> He is one that lies kindly to you, and for good
+fashion's sake, and tis discourtesy in you to believe him. His words are
+so many fine phrases set together, which serve equally for all men, and
+are equally to no purpose. Each fresh encounter with a man puts him to the
+same part again, and he goes over to you what he said to him was last with
+him: he kisses your hands as he kissed his before, and is your servant to
+be commanded, but you shall intreat of him nothing. His proffers are
+universal and general, with exceptions against all particulars. He will do
+any thing for you, but if you urge him to this, he cannot, or to that, he
+is engaged; but he will do any thing. Promises he accounts but a kind of
+mannerly words, and in the expectation of your manners not to exact them:
+if you do, he wonders at your ill breeding, that cannot distinguish
+betwixt<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> what is spoken and what is meant. No man gives better
+satisfaction at the first, and comes off more with the elogy of a kind
+gentleman, till you know him better, and then you know him for nothing.
+And commonly those most rail at him, that have before most commended him.
+The best is, he cozens you in a fair manner, and abuses you with great
+respect.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_133" id="Footnote_84_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_133"><span class="label">[84]</span></a>
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Par leuibus ventis, volucrique simillima somno.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<i>Virgil</i> &AElig;n. vi. <i>v.</i> 700. edit. Heyne, 1787.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXIII" id="LXIII"></a>LXIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A POOR FIDDLER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a man and a fiddle out of case, and he in worse case than his fiddle.
+One that rubs two sticks together (as the Indians strike fire), and rubs a
+poor living out of it; partly from this, and partly from your charity,
+which is more in the hearing than giving him, for he sells nothing dearer
+than to be gone. He is just so many strings above a beggar, though he have
+but two; and yet he begs too, only not in the downright<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> 'for God's sake,'
+but with a shrugging 'God bless you,' and his face is more pined than the
+blind man's. Hunger is the greatest pain he takes, except a broken head
+sometimes, and the labouring John Dory.<a name="FNanchor_85_134" id="FNanchor_85_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_134" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> Otherwise his life is so many
+fits of mirth, and tis some mirth to see him. A good feast shall draw him
+five miles by the nose, and you shall track him again by the scent. His
+other pilgrimages are fairs and good houses, where his devotion is great
+to the Christmas; and no man loves good times better. He is in league with
+the tapsters for the worshipful of the inn, whom, he torments next morning
+with his art, and has their names more perfect than their men. A new song
+is better to him than a new jacket, especially if bawdy, which he calls
+merry; and hates naturally the puritan, as an enemy to this mirth. A
+country wedding and Whitson-ale are the two main places he domineers in,
+where he goes for a musician, and overlooks the bag-pipe. The rest of him
+is drunk, and in the stocks.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_134" id="Footnote_85_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_134"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> Probably the name of some difficult tune.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXIV" id="LXIV"></a>LXIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEDDLING MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that has nothing to do with his business, and yet no man busier
+than he, and his business is most in his face. He is one thrusts himself
+violently into all employments, unsent for, unfeed, and many times
+unthanked; and his part in it is only an eager bustling, that rather keeps
+ado than does any thing. He will take you aside, and question you of your
+affair, and listen with both ears, and look earnestly, and then it is
+nothing so much yours as his. He snatches what you are doing out of your
+hands, and cries "give it me," and does it worse, and lays an engagement
+upon you too, and you must thank him for his pains. He lays you down an
+hundred wild plots, all impossible things, which you must be ruled by
+perforce, and he delivers them with a serious and counselling forehead;
+and there is a great deal more wisdom in this forehead<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> than his head. He
+will woo for you, solicit for you, and woo you to suffer him; and scarce
+any thing done, wherein his letter, or his journey, or at least himself is
+not seen; if he have no task in it else, he will rail yet on some side,
+and is often beaten when he need not. Such men never thoroughly weigh any
+business, but are forward only to shew their zeal, when many times this
+forwardness spoils it, and then they cry they have done what they can,
+that is, as much hurt. Wise men still deprecate these men's kindnesses,
+and are beholden to them rather to let them alone; as being one trouble
+more in all business, and which a man shall be hardest rid of.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXV" id="LXV"></a>LXV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A GOOD OLD MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the best antiquity, and which we may with least vanity admire. One whom
+time hath been thus long a working, and like winter fruit, ripened when
+others are shaken down. He hath taken out as many lessons of the world as
+days, and learnt the best thing in it; the vanity of it. He looks over his
+former life as a danger well past, and would not hazard himself to begin
+again. His lust was long broken before his body, yet he is glad this
+temptation is broke too, and that he is fortified from it by this
+weakness. The next door of death sads him not, but he expects it calmly as
+his turn in nature; and fears more his recoiling back to childishness than
+dust. All men look on him as a common father, and on old age, for his
+sake, as a reverent thing. His very presence and face puts vice out of
+countenance, and makes it an indecorum in a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> vicious man. He practises his
+experience on youth without the harshness of reproof, and in his counsel
+his good company. He has some old stories still of his own seeing to
+confirm what he says, and makes them better in the telling; yet is not
+troublesome neither with the same tale again, but remembers with them how
+oft he has told them. His old sayings and morals seem proper to his beard;
+and the poetry of Cato does well out of his mouth, and he speaks it as if
+he were the author. He is not apt to put the boy on a younger man, nor the
+fool on a boy, but can distinguish gravity from a sour look; and the less
+testy he is, the more regarded. You must pardon him if he like his own
+times better than these, because those things are follies to him now that
+were wisdom then; yet he makes us of that opinion too when we see him, and
+conjecture those times by so good a relick. He is a man capable of a
+dearness with the youngest men, yet he not youthfuller for them, but they
+older for him; and no man credits more his acquaintance. He goes away at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>
+last too soon whensoever, with all men's sorrow but his own; and his
+memory is fresh, when it is twice as old.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXVI" id="LXVI"></a>LXVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A FLATTERER</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the picture of a friend, and as pictures flatter many times, so he oft
+shews fairer than the true substance: his look, conversation, company, and
+all the outwardness of friendship more pleasing by odds, for a true friend
+dare take the liberty to be sometimes offensive, whereas he is a great
+deal more cowardly, and will not let the least hold go, for fear of losing
+you. Your meer sour look affrights him, and makes him doubt his
+casheering. And this is one sure mark of him, that he is never first
+angry, but ready though upon his own wrong to make satisfaction. Therefore
+he is never yoked with a poor man, or any that stands<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> on the lower
+ground, but whose fortunes may tempt his pains to deceive him. Him he
+learns first, and learns well, and grows perfecter in his humours than
+himself, and by this door enters upon his soul, of which he is able at
+last to take the very print and mark, and fashion his own by it, like a
+false key to open all your secrets. All his affections jump<a name="FNanchor_86_135" id="FNanchor_86_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_135" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> even with
+your's; he is before-hand with your thoughts, and able to suggest them
+unto you. He will commend to you first what he knows you like, and has
+always some absurd story or other of your enemy, and then wonders how your
+two opinions should jump in that man. He will ask your counsel sometimes
+as a man of deep judgment, and has a secret of purpose to disclose to you,
+and whatsoever you say, is persuaded. He listens to your words<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> with great
+attention, and sometimes will object that you may confute him, and then
+protests he never heard so much before. A piece of wit bursts him with an
+overflowing laughter, and he remembers it for you to all companies, and
+laughs again in the telling. He is one never chides you but for your
+vertues, as, <i>you are too good, too honest, too religious</i>, when his
+chiding may seem but the earnester commendation, and yet would fain chide
+you out of them too; for your vice is the thing he has use of, and wherein
+you may best use him; and he is never more active than in the worst
+diligences. Thus, at last, he possesses you from yourself, and then
+expects but his hire to betray you: and it is a happiness not to discover
+him; for as long as you are happy, you shall not.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_135" id="Footnote_86_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_135"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> <i>Jump</i> here signifies to coincide. The old play of <i>Soliman
+and Perseda</i>, 4to. <i>without date</i>, uses it in the same sense:
+</p>
+<p>"Wert thou my friend, thy mind would <i>jump</i> with mine." So in <i>Pierce
+Penilesse his Supplication to the Divele</i>:&mdash;"Not two of them jump in one
+tale." p. 29.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXVII" id="LXVII"></a>LXVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A HIGH-SPIRITED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that looks like a proud man, but is not: you may forgive him his
+looks for his worth's sake, for they are only too proud to be base. One
+whom no rate can buy off from the least piece of his freedom, and make him
+digest an unworthy thought an hour. He cannot crouch to a great man to
+possess him, nor fall low to the earth to rebound never so high again. He
+stands taller on his own bottom, than others on the advantage ground of
+fortune, as having solidly that honour, of which title is but the pomp. He
+does homage to no man for his great stile's sake, but is strictly just in
+the exaction of respect again, and will not bate you a complement. He is
+more sensible of a neglect than an undoing, and scorns no man so much as
+his surly threatener. A man quickly fired, and quickly laid down with
+satisfaction, but remits any injury sooner than words: only to himself he
+is irreconcileable,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> whom he never forgives a disgrace, but is still
+stabbing himself with the thought of it, and no disease that he dies of
+sooner. He is one had rather perish than be beholden for his life, and
+strives more to be quit with his friend than his enemy. Fortune may kill
+him but not deject him, nor make him fall into an humbler key than before,
+but he is now loftier than ever in his own defence; you shall hear him
+talk still after thousands, and he becomes it better than those that have
+it. One that is above the world and its drudgery, and cannot pull down his
+thoughts to the pelting businesses of life. He would sooner accept the
+gallows than a mean trade, or any thing that might disparage the height of
+man in him, and yet thinks no death comparably base to hanging neither.
+One that will do nothing upon command, though he would do it otherwise;
+and if ever he do evil, it is when he is dared to it. He is one that if
+fortune equal his worth puts a luster in all preferment; but if otherwise
+he be too much crossed, turns desperately melancholy, and scorns mankind.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXVIII" id="LXVIII"></a>LXVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEER GULL CITIZEN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one much about the same model and pitch of brain that the clown is,
+only of somewhat a more polite and finical ignorance, and as sillily
+scorns him as he is sillily admired by him. The quality of the city hath
+afforded him some better dress of clothes and language, which he uses to
+the best advantage, and is so much the more ridiculous. His chief
+education is the visits of his shop, where if courtiers and fine ladies
+resort, he is infected with so much more eloquence, and if he catch one
+word extraordinary, wears it for ever. You shall hear him mince a
+complement sometimes that was never made for him; and no man pays dearer
+for good words,&mdash;for he is oft paid with them. He is suited rather fine
+than in the fashion, and has still something to distinguish him from a
+gentleman, though his doublet cost more; especially on Sundays,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>
+bridegroom-like, where he carries the state of a very solemn man, and
+keeps his pew as his shop; and it is a great part of his devotion to feast
+the minister. But his chiefest guest is a customer, which is the greatest
+relation he acknowledges, especially if you be an honest gentleman, that
+is trust him to cozen you enough. His friendships are a kind of gossipping
+friendships, and those commonly within the circle of his trade, wherein he
+is careful principally to avoid two things, that is poor men and
+suretiships. He is a man will spend his six-pence with a great deal of
+imputation,<a name="FNanchor_87_136" id="FNanchor_87_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_136" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> and no man makes more of a pint of wine than he. He is one
+bears a pretty kind of foolish love to scholars, and to Cambridge
+especially for Sturbridge<a name="FNanchor_88_137" id="FNanchor_88_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_137" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> fair's sake; and of these all are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> truants
+to him that are not preachers, and of these the loudest the best; and he
+is much ravished with the noise of a rolling tongue. He loves to hear
+discourses out of his element, and the less he understands the better
+pleased, which he expresses in a smile and some fond protestation. One
+that does nothing without his chuck<a name="FNanchor_89_138" id="FNanchor_89_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_138" class="fnanchor">[89]</a>, that is his wife, with whom he is
+billing still in conspiracy, and the wantoner she is, the more power she
+has over him; and she never stoops so low after him, but is the only woman
+goes better of a widow than a maid. In the education of his child no man
+fearfuller, and the danger he fears is a harsh school-master, to whom he
+is alledging still the weakness of the boy, and pays a fine extraordinary
+for his mercy. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> first whipping rids him to the university, and from
+thence rids him again for fear of starving, and the best he makes of him
+is some gull in plush. He is one loves to hear the famous acts of
+citizens, whereof the gilding of the cross<a name="FNanchor_90_139" id="FNanchor_90_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_139" class="fnanchor">[90]</a> he counts the glory of this
+age, and the four<a name="FNanchor_91_140" id="FNanchor_91_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_140" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> prentices of London<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span> above all the nine<a name="FNanchor_92_141" id="FNanchor_92_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_141" class="fnanchor">[92]</a>
+worthies. He intitles himself to all the merits of his company, whether
+schools, hospitals, or exhibitions, in which he is joint benefactor,
+though four hundred years ago, and upbraids them far more than those that
+gave them: yet with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> all this folly he has wit enough to get wealth, and
+in that a sufficienter man than he that is wiser.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_136" id="Footnote_87_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_136"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> <i>Imputation</i> here must be used for <i>consequence</i>; of which I
+am, however, unable to produce any other instance.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_137" id="Footnote_88_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_137"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> <i>Sturbridge fair</i> was the great mart for business, and
+resort for pleasure, in bishop Earle's day. It is alluded to in Randolph's
+<i>Conceited Pedlar</i>, 4to. 1630.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"I am a pedlar, and I sell my ware<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This braue Saint Barthol. or <i>Sturbridge faire</i>."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Edward Ward, the facetious author of <i>The London Spy</i>, gives a whimsical
+account of a journey to <i>Sturbridge</i>, in the second volume of his works.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_138" id="Footnote_89_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_138"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> This silly term of endearment appears to be derived from
+<i>chick</i>, or <i>my chicken</i>. Shakspeare uses it in Macbeth, Act iii. Scene 2.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest <i>chuck</i>."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_139" id="Footnote_90_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_139"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> The great cross in West Cheap, was originally erected in
+1290, by Edward I. in commemoration of the death of queen Ellinor, whose
+body rested at that place, on its journey from Herdeby, in Lincolnshire,
+to Westminster, for interment. It was rebuilt in 1441, and again in 1484.
+In 1581, the images and ornaments were destroyed by the populace; and in
+1599, the top of the cross was taken down, the timber being rotted within
+the lead, and fears being entertained as to its safety. By order of queen
+Elizabeth, and her privy council, it was repaired in 1600, when, says
+Stow, "a cross of timber was framed, set up, covered with lead, <i>and
+gilded</i>," &amp;c. Stow's <i>Survey of London</i>, by Strype, book iii. p. 35. Edit,
+folio, Lond. 1720.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_140" id="Footnote_91_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_140"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> This must allude to the play written by Heywood with the
+following title: <i>The Foure Prentises of London. With the Conquest of
+Ierusalem. As it hath bene diuerse times acted at the Red Bull, by the
+Queene's Maiesties Seruants.</i> 4to. Lond. 1615. In this drama, the <i>four
+prentises</i> are Godfrey, Grey, Charles, and Eustace, sons to the <i>old Earle
+of Bullen</i>, who, having lost his territories, by assisting William the
+Conqueror in his descent upon England, is compelled to live like a private
+citizen in London, and binds his sons to a mercer, a goldsmith, a
+haberdasher, and a grocer. The <i>four prentises</i>, however, prefer the life
+of a soldier to that of a tradesman, and, quitting the service of their
+masters, follow Robert of Normandy to the holy land, where they perform
+the most astonishing feats of valour, and finally accomplish the <i>conquest
+of Ierusalem</i>. The whole play abounds in bombast and impossibilities, and,
+as a composition, is unworthy of notice or remembrance.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_141" id="Footnote_92_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_141"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> <i>The History of the Nine Worthies of the World; three
+whereof were Gentiles: 1. Hector, son of Priamus, king of Troy. 2.
+Alexander the Great, king of Macedon, and conqueror of the world. 3.
+Julius C&aelig;sar, first emperor of Rome. Three Jews. 4. Joshua, captain
+general and leader of Israel into Canaan. 5. David, king of Israel. 6.
+Judas Maccabeus, a valiant Jewish commander against the tyranny of
+Antiochus. Three Christians. 7. Arthur, king of Britain, who courageously
+defended his country against the Saxons. 8. Charles the Great, king of
+France and emperor of Germany. 9. Godfrey of Bullen, king of Jerusalem.
+Being an account of their glorious lives, worthy actions, renowned
+victories, and deaths.</i> 12mo. No date.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXIX" id="LXIX"></a>LXIX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A LASCIVIOUS MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the servant he says of many mistresses, but all are but his lust, to
+which only he is faithful, and none besides, and spends his best blood and
+spirits in the service. His soul is the bawd to his body, and those that
+assist him in this nature the nearest to it. No man abuses more the name
+of love, or those whom he applies this name to; for his love is like his
+stomach to feed on what he loves, and the end of it to surfeit and loath,
+till a fresh appetite rekindle him; and it kindles on any sooner than who
+deserve best of him. There is a great deal of malignity in this vice, for
+it loves still to spoil the best things, and a virgin sometimes rather
+than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> beauty, because the undoing here is greater, and consequently his
+glory. No man laughs more at his sin than he, or is so extremely tickled
+with the remembrance of it; and he is more violence to a modest ear than
+to her he defloured. A bawdy jest enters deep into him, and whatsoever you
+speak he will draw to baudry, and his wit is never so good as here. His
+unchastest part is his tongue, for that commits always what he must act
+seldomer; and that commits with all which he acts with few; for he is his
+own worst reporter, and men believe as bad of him, and yet do not believe
+him. Nothing harder to his persuasion than a chaste man, no eunuch; and
+makes a scoffing miracle at it, if you tell him of a maid. And from this
+mistrust it is that such men fear marriage, or at least marry such as are
+of bodies to be trusted, to whom only they sell that lust which they buy
+of others, and make their wife a revenue to their mistress. They are men
+not easily reformed, because they are so little ill-persuaded of their
+illness, and have such pleas from man and nature. Besides it is a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> jeering
+and flouting vice, and apt to put jests on the reprover. The pox only
+converts them, and that only when it kills them.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXX" id="LXX"></a>LXX.</h2>
+
+<h3>A RASH MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a man too quick for himself; one whose actions put a leg still before
+his judgement, and out-run it. Every hot fancy or passion is the signal
+that sets him forward, and his reason comes still in the rear. One that
+has brain enough, but not patience to digest a business, and stay the
+leisure of a second thought. All deliberation is to him a kind of sloth
+and freezing of action, and it shall burn him rather than take cold. He is
+always resolved at first thinking, and the ground he goes upon is, <i>hap
+what may</i>. Thus he enters not, but throws himself violently upon all
+things, and for the most part is as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> violently upon all off again; and as
+an obstinate "<i>I will</i>" was the preface to his undertaking, so his
+conclusion is commonly "<i>I would I had not</i>;" for such men seldom do any
+thing that they are not forced to take in pieces again, and are so much
+farther off from doing it, as they have done already. His friends are with
+him as his physician, sought to only in his sickness and extremity, and to
+help him out of that mire he has plunged himself into; for in the
+suddenness of his passions he would hear nothing, and now his ill success
+has allayed him he hears too late. He is a man still swayed with the first
+reports, and no man more in the power of a pick-thank than he. He is one
+will fight first, and then expostulate, condemn first, and then examine.
+He loses his friend in a fit of quarrelling, and in a fit of kindness
+undoes himself; and then curses the occasion drew this mischief upon him,
+and cries, God mercy! for it, and curses again. His repentance is meerly a
+rage against himself, and he does something in itself to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> be repented
+again. He is a man whom fortune must go against much to make him happy,
+for had he been suffered his own way, he had been undone.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXI" id="LXXI"></a>LXXI.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN AFFECTED MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is an extraordinary man in ordinary things. One that would go a strain
+beyond himself, and is taken in it. A man that overdoes all things with
+great solemnity of circumstance; and whereas with more negligence he might
+pass better, makes himself with a great deal of endeavour ridiculous. The
+fancy of some odd quaintnesses have put him clean beside his nature; he
+cannot be that he would, and hath lost what he was. He is one must be
+point-blank in every trifle, as if his credit and opinion hung upon it;
+the very space of his arms in an embrace studied before<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> and premeditated,
+and the figure of his countenance of a fortnight's contriving; he will not
+curse you without-book and extempore, but in some choice way, and perhaps
+as some great man curses. Every action of his cries,&mdash;"<i>Do ye mark me?</i>"
+and men do mark him how absurd he is: for affectation is the most
+betraying humour, and nothing that puzzles a man less to find out than
+this. All the actions of his life are like so many things bodged in
+without any natural cadence or connection at all. You shall track him all
+through like a schoolboy's theme, one piece from one author and this from
+another, and join all in this general, that they are none of his own. You
+shall observe his mouth not made for that tone, nor his face for that
+simper; and it is his luck that his finest things most misbecome him. If
+he affect the gentleman as the humour most commonly lies that way, not the
+least punctilio of a fine man, but he is strict in to a hair, even to
+their very negligences, which he cons as rules. He will not carry a knife
+with him to wound<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> reputation, and pay double a reckoning, rather than
+ignobly question it: and he is full of this&mdash;ignobly&mdash;and nobly&mdash;and
+genteely;&mdash;and this meer fear to trespass against the genteel way puts him
+out most of all. It is a humour runs through many things besides, but is
+an ill-favoured ostentation in all, and thrives not:&mdash;and the best use of
+such men is, they are good parts in a play.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXI_1" id="LXXI_1"></a>LXXI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PROFANE MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that denies God as far as the law gives him leave; that is, only
+does not say so in downright terms, for so far he may go. A man that does
+the greatest sins calmly, and as the ordinary actions of life, and as
+calmly discourses of it again. He will tell you his business is to break
+such a commandment, and the breaking of the commandment shall tempt him to
+it. His words are but so many vomitings cast up to the loathsomeness<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> of
+the hearers, only those of his company<a name="FNanchor_93_142" id="FNanchor_93_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_142" class="fnanchor">[93]</a> loath it not. He will take upon
+him with oaths to pelt some tenderer man out of his company, and makes
+good sport at his conquest over the puritan fool. The scripture supplies
+him for jests, and he reads it on purpose to be thus merry: he will prove
+you his sin out of the bible, and then ask if you will not take that
+authority. He never sees the church but of purpose to sleep in it, or when
+some silly man preaches, with whom he means to make sport, and is most
+jocund in the church. One that nick-names clergymen with all the terms of
+reproach, as "<i>rat</i>, <i>black-coat</i>" and the like; which he will be sure to
+keep up, and never calls them by other: that sings psalms when he is
+drunk, and cries "<i>God mercy</i>" in mockery, for he must do it. He is one
+seems to dare God in all his actions, but indeed would out-dare the
+opinion of him, which would else turn him desperate; for atheism is the
+refuge of such sinners, whose repentance would be only to hang
+themselves.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_142" id="Footnote_93_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_142"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> Those of the same habits with himself; his associates.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXIII" id="LXXIII"></a>LXXIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A COWARD</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the man that is commonly most fierce against the coward, and labouring
+to take off this suspicion from himself; for the opinion of valour is a
+good protection to those that dare not use it. No man is valianter than he
+is in civil company, and where he thinks no danger may come on it, and is
+the readiest man to fall upon a drawer and those that must not strike
+again: wonderful exceptious and cholerick where he sees men are loth to
+give him occasion, and you cannot pacify him better than by quarrelling
+with him. The hotter you grow, the more temperate man is he; he protests
+he always honoured you, and the more you rail upon him, the more he
+honours you, and you threaten him at last into a very honest quiet man.
+The sight of a sword wounds him more sensibly than the stroke, for before
+that come he is dead already.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> Every man is his master that dare beat him,
+and every man dares that knows him. And he that dare do this is the only
+man can do much with him; for his friend he cares not for, as a man that
+carries no such terror as his enemy, which for this cause only is more
+potent with him of the two: and men fall out with him of purpose to get
+courtesies from him, and be bribed again to a reconcilement. A man in whom
+no secret can be bound up, for the apprehension of each danger loosens
+him, and makes him bewray both the room and it. He is a christian meerly
+for fear of hell-fire; and if any religion could fright him more, would be
+of that.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXIV" id="LXXIV"></a>LXXIV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SORDID RICH MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is a beggar of a fair estate, of whose wealth we may say as of other men's
+unthriftiness, that it has brought him to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> this: when he had nothing he
+lived in another kind of fashion. He is a man whom men hate in his own
+behalf for using himself thus, and yet, being upon himself, it is but
+justice, for he deserves it. Every accession of a fresh heap bates him so
+much of his allowance, and brings him a degree nearer starving. His body
+had been long since desperate, but for the reparation of other men's
+tables, where he hoards meats in his belly for a month, to maintain him in
+hunger so long. His clothes were never young in our memory; you might make
+long epochas from them, and put them into the almanack with the dear
+year<a name="FNanchor_94_143" id="FNanchor_94_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_143" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> and the great frost,<a name="FNanchor_95_144" id="FNanchor_95_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_144" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> he is known by them longer than his
+face. He is one never gave alms in his life, and yet is as charitable to
+his neighbour as himself. He will redeem a penny with his reputation, and
+lose all his friends to boot; and his reason is, he will not be undone. He
+never pays any thing but with strictness of law, for fear of which only he
+steals not. He loves to pay short a shilling or two in a great sum, and is
+glad to gain that when he can no more. He never sees friend but in a
+journey to save the charges of an inn, and then only is not sick; and his
+friends never see him but to abuse him. He is a fellow indeed of a kind of
+frantick thrift, and one of the strangest things that wealth can work.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_143" id="Footnote_94_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_143"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> The <i>dear year</i> here, I believe, alluded to, was in 1574,
+and is thus described by that faithful and valuable historian
+Holinshed:&mdash;"This yeare, about Lammas, wheat was sold at London for three
+shillings the bushell: but shortlie after, it was raised to foure
+shillings, fiue shillings, six shillings, and, before Christmas, to a
+noble, and seuen shillings; which so continued long after. Beefe was sold
+for twentie pence, and two and twentie pence the stone; and all other
+flesh and white meats at an excessiue price; all kind of salt fish verie
+deare, as fiue herings two pence, &amp;c.; yet great plentie of fresh fish,
+and oft times the same verie cheape. Pease at foure shillings the bushell;
+ote-meale at foure shillings eight pence; baie salt at three shillings the
+bushell, &amp;c. All this dearth notwithstanding, (thanks be given to God,)
+there was no want of anie thing to them that wanted not monie." Holinshed,
+<i>Chronicle</i>, vol. 3, page 1259, a. edit. folio, 1587.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_144" id="Footnote_95_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_144"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> On the 21st of December, 1564, began a frost referred to by
+Fleming, in his Index to <i>Holinshed</i>, as the "<i>frost called the great
+frost</i>," which lasted till the 3rd of January, 1565. It was so severe that
+the Thames was frozen over, and the passage on it, from London-bridge to
+Westminster, as easy as, and more frequented than that on dry land.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXV" id="LXXV"></a>LXXV.</h2>
+
+<h3>A MEER GREAT MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is so much heraldry without honour, himself less real than his title. His
+virtue is, that he was his father's son, and all the expectation of him to
+beget another. A man that lives meerly to preserve another's memory, and
+let us know who died so many years ago. One of just as much use as his
+images, only he differs in this, that he can speak himself, and save the
+fellow of Westminster<a name="FNanchor_96_145" id="FNanchor_96_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_145" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> a labour: and he remembers nothing better than
+what was out of his life. His grandfathers and their acts are his
+discourse, and he tells them with more glory than they did them; and it is
+well they did enough, or else he had wanted matter. His other studies are
+his sports and those vices that are fit for great men. Every vanity of his
+has his officer, and is a serious employment for his servants. He talks
+loud, and baudily,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> and scurvily as a part of state, and they hear him
+with reverence. All good qualities are below him, and especially learning,
+except some parcels of the chronicle and the writing of his name, which he
+learns to write not to be read. He is meerly of his servants' faction, and
+their instrument for their friends and enemies, and is always least
+thanked for his own courtesies. They that fool him most do most with him,
+and he little thinks how many laugh at him bare-head. No man is kept in
+ignorance more of himself and men, for he hears nought but flattery; and
+what is fit to be spoken, truth with so much preface that it loses itself.
+Thus he lives till his tomb be made ready, and is then a grave statue to
+posterity.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_145" id="Footnote_96_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_145"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> The person who exhibits Westminster abbey.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXVI" id="LXXVI"></a>LXXVI.</h2>
+
+<h3>A POOR MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is the most impotent man, though neither blind nor lame, as wanting the
+more necessary limbs of life, without which limbs are a burden. A man
+unfenced and unsheltered from the gusts of the world, which blow all in
+upon him, like an unroofed house; and the bitterest thing he suffers is
+his neighbours. All men put on to him a kind of churlisher fashion, and
+even more plausible natures are churlish to him, as who are nothing
+advantaged by his opinion. Whom men fall out with before-hand to prevent
+friendship, and his friends too to prevent engagements, or if they own him
+'tis in private and a by-room, and on condition not to know them before
+company. All vice put together is not half so scandalous, nor sets off our
+acquaintance farther; and even those that are not friends for ends do not
+love any dearness with such<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> men. The least courtesies are upbraided to
+him, and himself thanked for none, but his best services suspected as
+handsome sharking and tricks to get money. And we shall observe it in
+knaves themselves, that your beggarliest knaves are the greatest, or
+thought so at least, for those that have wit to thrive by it have art not
+to seem so. Now a poor man has not vizard enough to mask his vices, nor
+ornament enough to set forth his virtues, but both are naked and
+unhandsome; and though no man is necessitated to more ill, yet no man's
+ill is less excused, but it is thought a kind of impudence in him to be
+vicious, and a presumption above his fortune. His good parts lye dead upon
+his hands, for want of matter to employ them, and at the best are not
+commended but pitied, as virtues ill placed, and we may say of him, "Tis
+an honest man, but tis pity;" and yet those that call him so will trust a
+knave before him. He is a man that has the truest speculation of the
+world, because all men shew to him in their plainest and worst, as a man
+they have no plot on, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span> appearing good to; whereas rich men are
+entertained with a more holy-day behaviour, and see only the best we can
+dissemble. He is the only he that tries the true strength of wisdom, what
+it can do of itself without the help of fortune; that with a great deal of
+virtue conquers extremities, and with a great deal more his own
+impatience, and obtains of himself not to hate men.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXVII" id="LXXVII"></a>LXXVII.</h2>
+
+<h3>AN ORDINARY HONEST MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one whom it concerns to be called honest, for if he were not this, he
+were nothing: and yet he is not this neither, but a good dull vicious
+fellow, that complies well with the deboshments<a name="FNanchor_97_146" id="FNanchor_97_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_146" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> of the time, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> is
+fit for it. One that has no good part in him to offend his company, or
+make him to be suspected a proud fellow; but is sociably a dunce, and
+sociably a drinker. That does it fair and above-board without legermain,
+and neither sharks<a name="FNanchor_98_147" id="FNanchor_98_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_147" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> for a cup or a reckoning: that is kind over his
+beer, and protests he loves you, and begins to you again, and loves you
+again. One that quarrels with no man, but for not pledging him, but takes
+all absurdities and commits as many, and is no tell-tale next morning,
+though he remember it. One that will fight for his friend if he hear him
+abused, and his friend commonly is he that is most likely, and he lifts up
+many a jug in his defence. He rails against none but censurers, against
+whom he thinks he rails lawfully, and censurers are all those that are
+better than himself. These good properties qualify him for honesty enough,
+and raise him high in the ale-house commendation, who, if he had any other
+good<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> quality, would be named by that. But now for refuge he is an honest
+man, and hereafter a sot: only those that commend him think him not so,
+and those that commend him are honest fellows.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_146" id="Footnote_97_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_146"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> Minshew interprets the verb <i>deboshe</i>, "to corrupt, make
+lewde, vitiate." When the word was first adopted from the French language,
+(says Mr. Steevens, in a note to the <i>Tempest</i>,) it appears to have been
+spelt according to the pronunciation, and therefore wrongly; but ever
+since it has been spelt right, it has been uttered with equal
+impropriety.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_147" id="Footnote_98_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_147"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> The verb <i>to shark</i> is frequently used, by old writers, for
+to <i>pilfer</i>, and, as in the present instance, to <i><a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">spunge</a></i>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="LXXVIII" id="LXXVIII"></a>LXXVIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SUSPICIOUS OR JEALOUS MAN</h3>
+
+
+<p>Is one that watches himself a mischief, and keeps a lear eye still, for
+fear it should escape him. A man that sees a great deal more in every
+thing than is to be seen, and yet he thinks he sees nothing: his own eye
+stands in his light. He is a fellow commonly guilty of some weaknesses,
+which he might conceal if he were careless:&mdash;now his over-diligence to
+hide them makes men pry the more. Howsoever he imagines you have found
+him, and it shall go hard but you must abuse him whether you will or no.
+Not a word can be spoke, but nips him somewhere;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> not a jest thrown out,
+but he will make it hit him. You shall have him go fretting out of
+company, with some twenty quarrels to every man, stung and galled, and no
+man knows less the occasion than they that have given it. To laugh before
+him is a dangerous matter, for it cannot be at any thing but at him, and
+to whisper in his company plain conspiracy. He bids you speak out, and he
+will answer you, when you thought not of him. He expostulates with you in
+passion, why you should abuse him, and explains to your ignorance wherein,
+and gives you very good reason at last to laugh at him hereafter. He is
+one still accusing others when they are not guilty, and defending himself
+when he is not accused: and no man is undone more with apologies, wherein
+he is so elaborately excessive, that none will believe him; and he is
+never thought worse of, than when he has given satisfaction. Such men can
+never have friends, because they cannot trust so far; and this humour hath
+this infection with it, it makes all men to them suspicious. In
+conclusion, they are men<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> always in offence and vexation with themselves
+and their neighbours, wronging others in thinking they would wrong them,
+and themselves most of all in thinking they deserve it.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>END OF THE CHARACTERS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='padding'>
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX.</h2></div>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><a name="No_I" id="No_I"></a>No. I.</h2>
+
+<h3>SOME ACCOUNT OF BISHOP EARLE<a name="FNanchor_AX_148" id="FNanchor_AX_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_AX_148" class="fnanchor">[AX]</a>.</h3>
+
+
+<p>All the biographical writers who have taken notice of <span class="smcap">John Earle</span> agree in
+stating, that he was born in the city of York, although not one of them
+has given the exact date of his birth, or any intelligence relative to his
+family, or the rank in life of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> his parents. It is, however, most
+probable, that they were persons of respectability and fortune, as he was
+sent, at an early age, to Oxford, and entered as a commoner of
+Christ-church college<a name="FNanchor_AY_149" id="FNanchor_AY_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_AY_149" class="fnanchor">[AY]</a>, where his conduct was so exemplary, his
+attention to his studies so marked, and his general deportment and manners
+so pleasing, that he became a successful candidate at Merton-college, and
+was admitted a probationary fellow on that foundation in 1620, being then,
+according to Wood<a name="FNanchor_AZ_150" id="FNanchor_AZ_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_AZ_150" class="fnanchor">[AZ]</a>, about nineteen years of age. He took the degree of
+Master of Arts, July 10, 1624, and in 1631 served the office of Proctor of
+the university, about which time he was also appointed chaplain to Philip
+Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of Oxford.</p>
+
+<p>During the earlier part of our author's life, he appears to have possessed
+considerable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span> reputation as a poet, and to have been as remarkable for the
+pleasantry of his conversation, as for his learning, virtues, and piety.
+Wood<a name="FNanchor_BA_151" id="FNanchor_BA_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_BA_151" class="fnanchor">[BA]</a> tells us that "his younger years were adorned with oratory,
+poetry, and witty fancies, his elder with quaint preaching and subtile
+disputes." The only specimens of his poetry which can be recovered at this
+time, are three funeral tributes, which will be found in the Appendix, and
+of which two are now printed, I believe, for the first time.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after his appointment to be Lord Pembroke's chaplain, he was
+presented by that nobleman to the rectory of Bishopstone, in Wiltshire;
+nor was this the only advantage he reaped from the friendship of his
+patron, who being at that time Lord Chamberlain of the King's
+household<a name="FNanchor_BB_152" id="FNanchor_BB_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_BB_152" class="fnanchor">[BB]</a>, was entitled to a lodging in the court for his chaplain, a
+circumstance which in all probability introduced Mr. Earle to the notice
+of the King, who promoted him to be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> chaplain and tutor to Prince Charles,
+when Dr. Duppa, who had previously discharged that important trust, was
+raised to the bishopric of Salisbury.</p>
+
+<p>In 1642 Earle took his degree of Doctor in Divinity, and in the year
+following was actually elected one of the Assembly of Divines appointed by
+the parliament to new model the church. This office, although it may be
+considered a proof of the high opinion even those of different sentiments
+from himself entertained of his character and merit, he refused to accept,
+when he saw that there was no probability of assisting the cause of
+religion, or of restraining the violence of a misguided faction, by an
+interference among those who were "declared and avowed enemies to the
+doctrine and discipline of the Church of England; some of them infamous in
+their lives and conversations, and most of them of very mean parts in
+learning, if not of scandalous ignorance<a name="FNanchor_BC_153" id="FNanchor_BC_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_BC_153" class="fnanchor">[BC]</a>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the 10th of February, 1643, Dr. Earle was elected chancellor of the
+cathedral of Salisbury<a name="FNanchor_BD_154" id="FNanchor_BD_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_BD_154" class="fnanchor">[BD]</a>, of which situation, as well as his living of
+Bishopstone, he was shortly after deprived by the ill success of the royal
+cause<a name="FNanchor_BE_155" id="FNanchor_BE_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_BE_155" class="fnanchor">[BE]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>When the defeat of the King's forces at Worcester compelled Charles the
+Second to fly his country, Earle attached himself to the fallen fortunes
+of his sovereign, and was among the first of those who saluted him upon
+his arrival at Rouen in Normandy, where he was made clerk of the closet,
+and King's chaplain<a name="FNanchor_BF_156" id="FNanchor_BF_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_BF_156" class="fnanchor">[BF]</a>. Nor was his affection to the family of the
+Stuarts, and his devotion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span> to their cause evinced by personal services
+only, as we find by a letter from Lord Clarendon to Dr. Barwick, that he
+assisted the King with money in his necessities<a name="FNanchor_BG_157" id="FNanchor_BG_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_BG_157" class="fnanchor">[BG]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>During the time that Charles was in Scotland, Dr. Earle resided in
+Antwerp, with his friend Dr. Morley<a name="FNanchor_BH_158" id="FNanchor_BH_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_BH_158" class="fnanchor">[BH]</a>, from whence he was called upon to
+attend the Duke of York (afterwards James II.) at Paris<a name="FNanchor_BI_159" id="FNanchor_BI_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_BI_159" class="fnanchor">[BI]</a>, in order that
+he might heal some of the breaches which were then existing between
+certain members of the duke's household<a name="FNanchor_BJ_160" id="FNanchor_BJ_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_BJ_160" class="fnanchor">[BJ]</a>; and here it is probable he
+remained till the recal of Charles the Second to the throne of England.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the Restoration, Dr. Earle received the reward of his constancy and
+loyalty, he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> was immediately promoted to the deanery of Westminster, a
+situation long designed for him by the King<a name="FNanchor_BK_161" id="FNanchor_BK_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_BK_161" class="fnanchor">[BK]</a>. In 1661 he was appointed
+one of the commissioners for a review of the Liturgy<a name="FNanchor_BL_162" id="FNanchor_BL_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_BL_162" class="fnanchor">[BL]</a>, and on November
+30, 1662, was consecrated Bishop of Worcester, from which see he was
+translated, September 28, 1663, to the dignity of Salisbury<a name="FNanchor_BM_163" id="FNanchor_BM_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_BM_163" class="fnanchor">[BM]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Little more remains to be added.&mdash;Bishop Earle appears to have continued
+his residence with the royal family after the acquisition of his
+well-deserved honours; and when the court retired to Oxford, during the
+plague in 1665, he attended their majesties to the place of his early
+education, and died at his apartments in University College, on the 17th
+of November. He was buried on the 25th, near the high altar, in Merton
+College chapel; and was, according to Wood, "accompanied to his grave,
+from the public schools, by an herald at arms, and the principal persons
+of the court and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> university." His monument, which stands at the
+north-east corner of the chapel, is still in excellent preservation, and
+possesses the following inscription:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"Amice, si quis hic sepultus est roges,<br />
+Ille, qui nec meruit, unqu&aacute;&mdash;Nec quod majus est, habuit<br />
+Inimicum;<br />
+Qui potuit in aul&acirc; vivere, et mundum spernere<br />
+Concionator educatus inter principes,<br />
+Et ipse facile princeps inter concionatores,<br />
+Evangelista indefessus, Episcopus pientissimus;<br />
+Ille qui una cum sacratissimo Rege,<br />
+Cujus &amp; juvenilium studiorum, et anim&aelig; Deo char&aelig;<br />
+Curam a beatissimo Patre demandatam gessit,<br />
+Nobile ac Religiosum exilium est passus;<br />
+Ille qui Hookeri ingentis Politiam Ecclesiasticam,<br />
+Ille qui Caroli Martyris <ins class="greek" title="EIKO'NA BASILIK&Ecirc;'N">&#917;&#921;&#922;&#927;'&#925;&#913; &#914;&#913;&#931;&#921;&#923;&#921;&#922;&#919;'&#925;</ins>,<br />
+(Volumen qu&ograve; post Apocalypsin divinius nullum)<br />
+Legavit Orbi sic Latin&egrave; redditas,<br />
+Ut uterque unius Fidei Defensor,<br />
+Patriam adhuc retineat majestatem.<br />
+Si nomen ejus necdum tibi suboleat, Lector,<br />
+Nomen ejus ut unguenta pretiosa:<br />
+<span class="smcap">Johannes Earle Eboracensis,</span><br />
+Serenissimo Carolo 2<sup>do</sup> Regij Oratorij Clericus,</p>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left' rowspan='4'>Ecclesi&aelig;</td><td align='left' rowspan='4'><span style='font-size: 6em'>{</span></td><td align='left' colspan='3'>aliquando Westmonasteriensi, Decanus,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>deinde Wigorniensis</td><td align='left' rowspan='3'><span style='font-size: 4em'>}</span></td><td align='left' rowspan='3'>Angelus.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>tandem Sarisburiensis</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>et nunc triumphantis</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left' rowspan='2'>Obiit Oxonij Novemb. 17^o. Anno</td><td align='left' rowspan='2'><span style='font-size: 3em'>{</span></td><td align='left'>D&#333;ni: 1665<sup>to</sup>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&AElig;tatis su&aelig; 65<sup>to</sup>.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p class='center'>Voluitq. in hoc, ubi olim floruerat, Collegio,<br />
+Ex &AElig;de Christi hue in Socium ascitus,<br />
+Ver magnum, ut reflorescat, expectare."</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AX_148" id="Footnote_AX_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AX_148"><span class="label">[AX]</span></a> The following brief memoir pretends to be nothing more than
+an enumeration of such particulars relative to the excellent prelate,
+whose <i>Characters</i> are here offered to the public, as could be gathered
+from the historical and biographical productions of the period in which he
+flourished. It is hoped that no material occurrence has been overlooked,
+or circumstance mis-stated; but should any errors appear to have escaped
+his observation, the editor will feel obliged by the friendly intimation
+of such persons as may be possessed of more copious information than he
+has been able to obtain, in order that they may be acknowledged and
+corrected in another place.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AY_149" id="Footnote_AY_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AY_149"><span class="label">[AY]</span></a> He took the degree of Bachelor of Arts whilst a member of
+this society, July 8, 1619, and appears to have been always attached to
+it. In 1660 he gave twenty pounds towards repairing the cathedral and
+college.
+</p><p>
+<i>Wood. Hist. et Antiq. Univ. Oxon.</i> lib. ii. p. 284.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_AZ_150" id="Footnote_AZ_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_AZ_150"><span class="label">[AZ]</span></a> <i>Athen&aelig; Oxon.</i> ii. 365.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BA_151" id="Footnote_BA_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BA_151"><span class="label">[BA]</span></a> <i>Athen&aelig; Oxon.</i> ii. 365.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BB_152" id="Footnote_BB_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BB_152"><span class="label">[BB]</span></a> Collins' <i>Peerage</i>, iii. 123.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BC_153" id="Footnote_BC_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BC_153"><span class="label">[BC]</span></a> Clarendon. <i>History of the Rebellion</i>, ii. 827. Edit.
+<i>Oxford</i>, 1807.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BD_154" id="Footnote_BD_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BD_154"><span class="label">[BD]</span></a> Walker. <i>Sufferings of the Clergy</i>, fol. 1714, part ii. page
+63.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BE_155" id="Footnote_BE_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BE_155"><span class="label">[BE]</span></a> During the early part of the civil wars, and whilst success
+was doubtful on either side, he appears to have lived in retirement, and
+to have employed himself in a translation of Hooker's <i>Ecclesiastical
+Polity</i> into Latin, which, however, was never made public. At the
+appearance of Charles the First's <ins class="greek" title="Eik&ocirc;n Basilik&ecirc;">&#917;&#953;&#954;&#969;&#957; &#914;&#945;&#963;&#953;&#955;&#953;&#954;&#951;</ins>, he was desired
+by the king (Ch. II.) to execute the same task upon that production, which
+he performed with great ability. It was printed for distribution on the
+continent in 1649.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BF_156" id="Footnote_BF_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BF_156"><span class="label">[BF]</span></a> Wood. <i>Ath. Oxon.</i> ii. 365.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BG_157" id="Footnote_BG_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BG_157"><span class="label">[BG]</span></a> <i>Life of Dr. John Barwick</i>, 8vo. Lond. 1724. p. 522.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BH_158" id="Footnote_BH_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BH_158"><span class="label">[BH]</span></a> Dr. George Morley was chaplain to Charles the First, and
+canon of Christ Church, Oxford. At the Restoration he was made, first dean
+of Christ Church, then bishop of Worcester, and lastly bishop of
+Winchester, He died at Farnham-castle, October 29, 1684. See Wood. <i>Athen.
+Oxon.</i> ii. 581.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BI_159" id="Footnote_BI_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BI_159"><span class="label">[BI]</span></a> Wood. <i>Athen&aelig;</i>, ii. 770.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BJ_160" id="Footnote_BJ_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BJ_160"><span class="label">[BJ]</span></a> Clarendon's <i>Rebellion</i>, iii. 659.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BK_161" id="Footnote_BK_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BK_161"><span class="label">[BK]</span></a> <i>Life of Barwick</i>, 452.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BL_162" id="Footnote_BL_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BL_162"><span class="label">[BL]</span></a> Kennet's <i>Register</i>, folio, 1728, page 504.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BM_163" id="Footnote_BM_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BM_163"><span class="label">[BM]</span></a> Wood. <i>Athen&aelig;</i>, ii. 366.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="No_II" id="No_II"></a>No. II.</h2>
+
+<h3>CHARACTERS OF BISHOP EARLE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;"He was a person very notable for his elegance in the Greek and Latin
+tongues; and being fellow of Merton college in Oxford, and having been
+proctor of the university, and some very witty and sharp discourses being
+published in print without his consent, though known to be his, he grew
+suddenly into a very general esteem with all men; being a man of great
+piety and devotion; a most eloquent and powerful preacher; and of a
+conversation so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent, and so very
+facetious, that no man's company was more desired, and more loved. No man
+was more negligent in his dress, and habit, and mein; no man more wary and
+cultivated in his behaviour and discourse; insomuch as he had the greater
+advantage when he was known, by promising so little before he was known.
+He was an excellent poet both in Latin, Greek, and English, as appears by
+many pieces yet abroad; though he suppressed many more himself, especially
+of English, incomparably good, out of an austerity to those sallies of his
+youth. He was very dear to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much
+time as he could make his own; and as that lord would impute the speedy
+progress he made in the Greek tongue to the information and assistance he
+had from Mr. Earles, so Mr. Earles would frequently profess that he had
+got more useful learning by his conversation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span> at Tew (the Lord Falkland's
+house,) than he had at Oxford. In the first settling of the prince his
+family, he was made one of his chaplains, and attended on him when he was
+forced to leave the kingdom. He was amongst the few excellent men who
+never had, nor ever could have, an enemy, but such a one who was an enemy
+to all learning and virtue, and therefore would never make himself known."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lord Clarendon.</span> <i>Account of his own Life</i>, folio, Oxford, 1759, p. 26.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 35%;' />
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;"This is that Dr. Earle, who from his youth (I had almost said from
+his childhood,) for his natural and acquired abilities was so very eminent
+in the university of Oxon; and after was chosen to be one of the first
+chaplains to his Majesty (when Prince of Wales): who knew not how to
+desert his master, but with duty and loyalty (suitable to the rest of his
+many great virtues, both moral and intellectual,) faithfully attended his
+Majesty both at home and abroad, as chaplain, and clerk of his majesty's
+closet, and upon his majesty's happy return, was made Dean of Westminster,
+and now Lord Bishop of Worcester, (for which, December 7, he did homage to
+his Majesty,) having this high and rare felicity by his excellent and
+spotless conversation, to have lived so many years in the court of
+England, so near his Majesty, and yet not given the least offence to any
+man alive; though both in and out of pulpit he used all Christian freedom
+against the vanities of this age, being honoured and admired by all who
+have either known, heard, or read him."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">White Kennett</span> (Bishop of Peterborough) <i>Register and Chronicle
+Ecclesiastical and Civil</i>, folio, London, 1728, page 834.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 35%;' />
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;"Dr. Earle, now Lord Bishop of Salisbury, of whom I may justly say,
+(and let it not offend him, because it is such a truth as ought not to be
+concealed from posterity, or those that now live and yet know him not,)
+that, since Mr. Hooker died, none have lived whom God hath blessed with
+more innocent wisdom, more sanctified learning, or a more pious,
+peaceable, primitive temper: so that this excellent person seems to be
+only like himself, and our venerable Richard Hooker."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Walton</span>. <i>Life of Mr. Richard Hooker</i>, 8vo. Oxford, 1805, i. 327.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 35%;' />
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;"This Dr. Earles, lately Lord Bishop of Salisbury.&mdash;A person certainly
+of the sweetest, most obliging nature that lived in our age."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hugh Cressey</span>. <i>Epistle Apologetical to a Person of Honour</i> (Lord
+Clarendon), 8vo. 1674, page 46.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 35%;' />
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;"Dr. Earle, Bishop of Salisbury, was a man that could do good against
+evil; forgive much, and of a charitable heart."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Pierce</span>. <i>Conformist's Plea for Nonconformity</i>, 4to. 1681, page 174.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="No_III" id="No_III"></a>No. III.</h2>
+
+<h3>LIST OF DR. EARLE'S WORKS.</h3>
+
+
+<p>1. <i>Microcosmography, or a Piece of the World discovered, in Essays and
+Characters.</i> <i>London.</i> 1628. &amp;c. &amp;c. 12mo.</p>
+
+<p>2. <i>Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity</i>, translated into Latin. This, says
+Wood, "is in MS. and not yet printed." In whose possession the MS. was
+does not appear, nor have I been able to trace it in the catalogue of any
+public or private collection.</p>
+
+<p>3. <i>Hortus Mertonensis</i>, a Latin Poem, of which Wood gives the first line
+"Hortus delici&aelig; domus polit&aelig;." It is now supposed to be lost.</p>
+
+<p>4. <i>Lines on the Death of Sir John Burroughs</i>; now printed for the first
+time. See Appendix, <a href="#No_IV">No. IV.</a></p>
+
+<p>5. <i>Lines on the Death of the Earl of Pembroke</i>; now printed for the first
+time. See Appendix, <a href="#No_V">No. V.</a></p>
+
+<p>6. <i>Elegy upon Francis Beaumont</i>; first printed at the end of <i>Beaumont's
+Poems, London</i>, 1640. 4to. See Appendix, <a href="#No_VI">No. VI.</a></p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span></p>
+<p>7. <ins class="greek" title="Eik&ocirc;n Basilik&ecirc;">&#917;&#953;&#954;&#969;&#957; &#914;&#945;&#963;&#953;&#955;&#953;&#954;&#951;</ins>, <i>vel Imago Regis Caroli</i>, <i>In illis suis
+&AElig;rumnis et Solitudine. Hag&aelig;-Comitis.</i> Typis S. B. &amp;c. 1649. 12mo. See
+Appendix, <a href="#No_VII">No. VII.</a><a name="FNanchor_BN_164" id="FNanchor_BN_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_BN_164" class="fnanchor">[BN]</a></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BN_164" id="Footnote_BN_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BN_164"><span class="label">[BN]</span></a> Besides the pieces above noticed, several smaller poems were
+undoubtedly in circulation during Earle's life, the titles of which are
+not preserved. Wood supposes (<i>Ath. Oxon.</i>) our author to have contributed
+to "<i>some of the Figures, of which about ten were published</i>" but is
+ignorant of the exact numbers to be attributed to his pen. In the
+Bodleian<a name="FNanchor_BO_165" id="FNanchor_BO_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_BO_165" class="fnanchor">[BO]</a> is "<i>The Figvre of Fovre: Wherein are sweet flowers, gathered
+out of that fruitfull ground, that I hope will yeeld pleasure and profit
+to all sorts of people. The second Part, London, Printed for Iohn Wright,
+and are to bee sold at his shop without Newgate, at the signe of the
+Bible, 1636.</i>" This, however, was undoubtedly one of Breton's productions,
+as his initials are affixed to the preface. It is in 12mo. and consists of
+twenty pages, not numbered. The following extracts will be sufficient to
+shew the nature of the volume.
+</p><p>
+"There are foure persons not to be believed: a horse-courser when he
+sweares, a whore when shee weepes, a lawyer when he pleads false, and a
+traveller when he tels wonders.
+</p><p>
+"There are foure great cyphers in the world: hee that is lame among
+dancers, dumbe among lawyers, dull among schollers and rude amongst
+courtiers
+</p><p>
+"Foure things grievously empty: a head without braines, a wit without
+judgment, a heart without honesty, and a purse without money."
+</p><p>
+Ant. Wood possessed the <i>figure of six</i>, which, however, is now not to be
+found among his books left to the university of Oxford, and deposited in
+Ashmole's museum. That it once was there, is evident from the MS.
+catalogue of that curious collection.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BO_165" id="Footnote_BO_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BO_165"><span class="label">[BO]</span></a> 8vo. L. 78. Art.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="No_IV" id="No_IV"></a>No. IV.</h2>
+
+<h3>LINES ON SIR JOHN BURROUGHS,</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>KILLED BY A BULLET AT REEZ<a name="FNanchor_BP_166" id="FNanchor_BP_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_BP_166" class="fnanchor">[BP]</a>.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>From a MS. in the Bodleian</i>.]&mdash;(<i>Rawl. Poet</i>. 142.)</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Why did we thus expose thee? what's now all<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That island to requite thy funeral?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though thousand French in murder'd heaps do lie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">It may revenge, it cannot satisfy:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We must bewail our conquest when we see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Our price too dear to buy a victory.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He whose brave fire gave heat to all the rest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That dealt his spirit in t' each English breast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From whose divided virtues you may take<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So many captains out, and fully make<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Them each accomplish'd with those parts, the which,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Jointly, did his well-furnish'd soul enrich.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not rashly valiant, nor yet fearful wise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His flame had counsel, and his fury, eyes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Not struck in courage at the drum's proud beat,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Or made fierce only by the trumpet's heat&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When e'en pale hearts above their pitch do fly,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, for a while do mad it valiantly.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His rage was tempered well, no fear could daunt<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">His reason, his cold blood was valiant.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! these vulgar praises injure thee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which now a poet would as plenteously<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Give some brag-soldier, one that knew no more<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than the fine scabbard and the scarf he wore.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fathers shall tell their children [this] was he,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(And they hereafter to posterity,)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rank'd with those forces scourged France of old,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Burrough's and Talbot's<a name="FNanchor_BQ_167" id="FNanchor_BQ_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_BQ_167" class="fnanchor">[BQ]</a> names together told.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">J. Earles.</span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BP_166" id="Footnote_BP_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BP_166"><span class="label">[BP]</span></a> For an account of the unsuccessful expedition to the Isle of
+R&eacute;, under the command of the Duke of Buckingham, see Carte's <i>History of
+England</i>, vol. iv. page 176, folio, <i>Lond</i>. 1755. Sir John Burroughs, a
+general of considerable renown, who possessed the chief confidence of the
+Duke, fell in an endeavour to reconnoitre the works of the enemy, Aug.
+1627.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BQ_167" id="Footnote_BQ_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BQ_167"><span class="label">[BQ]</span></a> Sir John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury, of whom see
+Collins' <i>Peerage</i>, iii. 9. Holinshed, Rapin, Carte, &amp;c.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="No_V" id="No_V"></a>No. V.</h2>
+
+<h3>ON THE DEATH OF THE EARL OF PEMBROKE<a name="FNanchor_BR_168" id="FNanchor_BR_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_BR_168" class="fnanchor">[BR]</a>.</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>From the same MS.</i>]</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Come, Pembroke lives! Oh! do not fright our ears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With the destroying truth! first raise our fears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And say he is not well: that will suffice<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To force a river from the public eyes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or, if he must be dead, oh! let the news<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Speak in astonish'd whispers: let it use<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some phrase without a voice, and be so told,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As if the labouring sense griev'd to unfold<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Its doubtfull woe. Could not the public zeal<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Conquer the Fates, and save your's? Did the dart<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of death, without a preface, pierce your heart?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Welcome, sad weeds&mdash;but he that mourns for thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must bring an eye that can weep elegy.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A look that would save blacks: whose heavy grace<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Chides mirth, and bears a funeral in his face.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose sighs are with such feeling sorrows blown,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">That all the air he draws returns a groan.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou needst no gilded tomb&mdash;thy memory,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is marble to itself&mdash;the bravery<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of jem or rich enamel is mis-spent&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy noble corpse is its own monument!<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='right'>Mr. <span class="smcap">Earles</span>, Merton.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BR_168" id="Footnote_BR_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BR_168"><span class="label">[BR]</span></a> William, third Earl of Pembroke, son of Henry, Earl of
+Pembroke, and Mary, sister to Sir Philip Sidney, was the elder brother of
+Earle's patron, and Chancellor of Oxford. He died at Baynard's castle,
+April 10, 1630.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="No_VI" id="No_VI"></a>No. VI.</h2>
+
+<h3>ON MR. BEAUMONT.</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>WRITTEN THIRTY YEARS SINCE, PRESENTLY AFTER HIS DEATH.</p>
+
+<p>[<i>From "Comedies and Tragedies written by Francis Beaumont and John
+Fletcher, Gentlemen" folio. London. 1647.</i>]</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Beaumont lies here: And where now shall we have<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A muse like his to sigh upon his grave?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! none to weep this with a worthy tear,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But he that cannot, <i>Beaumont</i> that lies here.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who now shall pay thy tomb with such a verse<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As thou that lady's didst, fair <i>Rutland's</i> herse.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A monument that will then lasting be,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When all her marble is more dust than she.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In thee all's lost: a sudden dearth and want<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hath seiz'd on wit, good epitaphs are scant.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We dare not write thy elegy, whilst each fears<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He ne'er shall match that copy of thy tears.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Scarce in an age a poet, and yet he<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Scarce live the third part of his age to see,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But quickly taken off and only known,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is in a minute shut as soon as shown.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Why should weak Nature tire herself in vain<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In such a piece, to dash it straight again?<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Why should she take such work beyond her skill,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which, when she cannot perfect, she must kill?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! what is't to temper slime and mire?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But Nature's puzzled when she works in fire.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Great brains (like brightest glass) crack straight, while those<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of stone or wood hold out, and fear not blows;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And we their ancient hoary heads can see<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose wit was never their mortality.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Beaumont</i> dies young, so <i>Sidney</i> did before,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There was not poetry he could live to more,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He could not grow up higher, I scarce know<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If th' art itself unto that pitch could grow,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were't not in thee that hadst arriv'd the height<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of all that wit could reach, or nature might.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">O when I read those excellent things of thine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such strength, such sweetness couched in ev'ry line,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such life of fancy, such high choice of brain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nought of the vulgar wit or borrow'd strain,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such passion, such expressions meet my eye,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such wit untainted with obscenity,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And these so unaffectedly exprest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All in a language purely flowing drest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And all so born within thyself, thine own,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So new, so fresh, so nothing trod upon:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I grieve not now that old <i>Menander's</i> vein<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is ruin'd to survive in thee again;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such, in his time, was he of the same piece,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The smooth, even, nat'ral wit and love of Greece.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Those few sententious fragments shew more worth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than all the poets Athens e'er brought forth;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And I am sorry we have lost those hours<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">On them, whose quickness comes far short of ours,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And dwell not more on thee, whose ev'ry page<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May be a pattern for their scene and stage.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I will not yield thy works so mean a praise;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">More pure, more chaste, more sainted than are plays:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor with that dull supineness to be read,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To pass a fire, or laugh an hour in bed.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How do the Muses suffer every where,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Taken in such mouth's censure, in such ears,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That 'twixt a whiff, a line or two rehearse,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And with their rheume together spaul a verse?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This all a poem's leisure after play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Drink, or tobacco, it may keep the day:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whilst ev'n their very idleness they think<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is lost in these, that lose their time in drink.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pity then dull we, we that better know,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will a more serious hour on thee bestow.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Why should not <i>Beaumont</i> in the morning please,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As well as <i>Plautus</i>, <i>Aristophanes</i>?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who, if my pen may as my thoughts be free,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Were scurril wits and buffoons both to thee;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet these our learned of severest brow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will deign to look on, and to note them too,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That will defy our own, 'tis English stuff,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And th' author is not rotten long enough,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! what phlegm are they compar'd to thee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In thy <i>Philaster</i>, and <i>Maid's-Tragedy</i>?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where's such a humour as thy <i>Bessus</i>? pray<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Let them put all their <i>Thrasoes</i> in one play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He shall out-bid them; their conceit was poor,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All in a circle of a bawd or whore;<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">A coz'ning dance; take the fool away<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And not a good jest extant in a play.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet these are wits, because they'r old, and now<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Being Greek and Latin, they are learning too:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But those their own times were content t'allow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A thirsty fame, and thine is lowest now.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But thou shalt live, and, when thy name is grown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Six ages older, shall be better known,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When th' art of <i>Chaucer's</i> standing in the tomb,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thou shalt not share, but take up all his room.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">John Earle.</span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="No_VII" id="No_VII"></a>No. VII.</h2>
+
+<h3>DEDICATION TO THE LATIN TRANSLATION</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>OF THE</p>
+
+<p class='center'><ins class="greek" title="Eik&ocirc;n Basilik&ecirc;">&#917;&#953;&#954;&#969;&#957; &#914;&#945;&#963;&#953;&#955;&#953;&#954;&#951;</ins>.</p>
+
+
+<p>"Serenissimo et Potentissimo Monarch&aelig;, Carolo Secundo. Dei Gratia Magn&aelig;
+Britanni&aelig;, Franci&aelig; et Hiberni&aelig; Regi, Fidei Defensori, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>Serenissime Rex,</p>
+
+<p>Prodeat jam sub tuis auspiciis illa patris tui gloriosissimi imago, illa
+qu&acirc; magis ad Dei similitudinem, qu&agrave;m qu&agrave; Rex aut homo accedit. Prodeat
+vero eo colore peregrino, quo facta omnibus conspectior fiat publica. Ita
+enim tu voluisti, ut sic lingua omnium communi orbi traderem, in qua
+utinam feliciorem tibi operam navare licuisset, ut illam nativam
+elegantiam, illam vim verborum et lumina, illam admirabilem sermonis
+structuram exprimerem. Quod cum fieri (fortasse nec a peritissimis) &agrave; me
+cert&egrave; non possit, pr&aelig;stat interim ut cum aliqua venustatis injuria magnam
+partem Europ&aelig; alloquatur, quam intra paucos su&aelig; gentis clausa apud c&aelig;teros
+omnes conticescat. Sunt enim hic velut qu&aelig;dam Dei magnalia qu&aelig; spargi
+expedit humano generi, et in omnium linguis exaudiri: id pro mea facultate
+curavi, ut si non sensa tanti authoris ornat&egrave;, at perspicu&egrave; et fid&egrave;
+traderem, imo nec ab ipsa dictione<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> et phrasi (quantum Latini idiomatis
+ratio permittit) vel minimum recederem. Sacri enim codicis religiosum esse
+decet interpretem: et certe proxime ab illo sacro et adorando codice, (qui
+in has comparationes non cadit,) <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">spera</a> non me audacem futurum, si dixero
+nullum inter c&aelig;teros mortalium, vel autore vel argumento illustriorem, vel
+in quo viva magis pietas et eximie Christiana spiratur.</p>
+
+<p>Habet vero sanctitas regia nescio quid ex fortun&aelig; su&aelig; majestate sublimius
+quiddain et augustius, et qu&aelig; imperium magis obtinet in mentes hominum, et
+reverentia majore accipitur: quare et his maxime instrumentis usus est
+Deus, qui illam partem sacr&aelig; pagin&aelig; ad solennem Dei cultum pertinentem,
+psalmos scilicet, et hymnos: c&aelig;teraque ejusmodi perpetuis ecclesi&aelig; usibus
+inservitura, transmitterent hominibus, et auctoritatem quandam
+conciliarent. Quid quod libentius etiam arripiunt homines sic objectam et
+traditam pietatem. Quod et libro huic evenit, et erit magis eventurum, quo
+jam multo diffusior plures sui capaces invenerit.</p>
+
+<p>Magnum erat profecto sic meditari, sic scribere; multo majus sic vivere,
+sic mori: ut sit h&aelig;c pene nimia dictu pietas exemplo illius superata. Scit
+h&aelig;c illa orbis pars miserrima jam et contaminatissima. Utinam hanc
+maturius intellexissent virtutem, quam jam sero laudant, et admirantur
+amissam, nec ill&acirc; opus fuisset dir&acirc; fornace, qu&acirc; tam eximia regis pietas
+exploraretur, ex qua nos tantum miseri facti sumus, ille omnium
+felicissimus; cujus illa pars vit&aelig; novissima et &aelig;rumnosissima et supremus
+dies, (in quo hominibus, et angelis spectaculum factus stetit animo
+excelso et interrito, summum fidei, constanti&aelig;, patienti&aelig; exemplar,
+superior malis suis, et tot&acirc; simul <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">conjest&acirc;</a> inferni maliti&acirc;) omnes omnium
+triumphos et quicquid est human&aelig; glori&aelig;, <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">susuperavit</a>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span> Nihil egistis O
+quot estis, hominum! (sed nolo libro sanctissimo quicquam tetrius pr&aelig;fari,
+nec qaos ille inter preces nominat, maledicere) nihil, inquam, egistis hoc
+parricidio, nisi quod famam illius et immortalitatem cum &aelig;terno vestro
+probro et scelere conjunxistis. Nemo unquam ab orbe condito tot veris
+omnium lacrymis, tot sinceris laudibus celebratus est. Nulli unquam
+principum in secundis agenti illos fictos plausus vel metus dedit, vel
+adulatio vendidit, qu&agrave;m hic verissimos expressere fuga, carcer, theatrum
+et illa omnium funestissima securis, qua obstupe, fecit hostes moriens et
+c&aelig;sus triumphavit.</p>
+
+<p>Tu interim (Rex augustissime) vera et viva patris effigies, (cujus inter
+summas erat felicitates humanas, et in adversis solatium te genuisse, in
+quo superstite mori non potest) inflammeris maxime hoc mortis illius
+exemplo, non tam in vindict&aelig; cupidinem, (in quem alii te extimulent, non
+ego) quam in heroic&aelig; virtutis, et constanti&aelig; zelum: hanc vero primum adeas
+quam nulla vis tibi invito eripiet, h&aelig;reditariam pietatem; et quo es in
+tuos omnes affectu maxime philostorgo, hunc librum eodem tecum genitore
+satum amplectere; dic sapienti&aelig;, soror mea es, et prudentiam affinem voca;
+hanc tu consule, hanc frequens meditare, hanc imbibe penitus, et in animam
+tuam transfunde. Vides in te omnium conjectos oculos, in te omnium bonorum
+spes sitas, ex te omnium vitas pendere, quas jamdiu multi t&aelig;dio
+projecissent, nisi ut essent quas tibi impenderent. Magnum onus incumbit,
+magna urget procella, magna expectatio, major omnium, quam qu&aelig; unquam
+superius, virtutum necessitas: an sit regnum amplius in Britannia futurum,
+an religio, an homines, an Deus, ex tua virtute, tua fortuna dependet:
+immo, sola potius ex Deo fortuna; cujus opem quo magis hic necessariam
+agnoscis, pr&aelig;sentaneam requiris, eo magis magisque, (quod jam facis)<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span> omni
+pietatis officio promerearis: et illa qu&aelig; in te larg&egrave; sparsit bonitatis,
+prudenti&aelig;, temperanti&aelig;, justiti&aelig;, et omnis regi&aelig; virtutis semina foveas,
+augeas, et in fructum matures, ut tibi Deus placatus et propitius, quod
+detraxit patri tuo felicitatis human&aelig;, tibi adjiciat, et omnes illius
+&aelig;rumnas conduplicatis in te beneficiis compenset, et appelleris ille
+restaurator, quem te unic&eacute; optant omnes et sperant futurum, et
+ardentissimis precibus expetit.</p>
+
+<p>Majestatis tu&aelig; humillimus devotissimusque subditus et sacellanus,</p>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Jo. Earles.</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="No_VIII" id="No_VIII"></a>No. VIII.</h2>
+
+<h3>INSCRIPTION ON DR. PETER HEYLIN'S<a name="FNanchor_BS_169" id="FNanchor_BS_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_BS_169" class="fnanchor">[BS]</a> MONUMENT IN WESTMINSTER-ABBEY.</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>Written by Dr. Earle, then Dean of Westminster.</i>]</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Depositum Mortale<br />
+Petri Heylyn, S. Th. D.<br />
+Hujus Ecclesi&aelig; Prebendarii et Subdecani,<br />
+Viri plane memorabilis,<br />
+Egregiis dotibus instructissimi,<br />
+Ingenio acri et f&#339;cundo,<br />
+Judicio subacto,<br />
+Memoria ad prodigium tenaci,<br />
+Cui adjunxit incredibilem in studiis patientiam<br />
+Qu&aelig; cessantibus oculis non cessarunt.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span><br />
+Scripsit varia et plurima,<br />
+Qu&aelig; jam manibus hominum teruntur;<br />
+Et argumentis non vulgaribus<br />
+Stylo non vulgari suffecit.<br />
+Et Majestatis Regi&aelig; assertor<br />
+Nec florentis magis utriusque<br />
+Qu&agrave;m afflict&aelig;,<br />
+Idemque perduellium et scismatic&aelig; factionis<br />
+Impugnator acerrimus.<br />
+Contemptor invidi&aelig;<br />
+Et animo infracto<br />
+Plura ejusmodi meditanti<br />
+Mors indixit silentium:<br />
+Ut sileatur<br />
+Efficere non potest.<br />
+Obiit Anno &AElig;tatis 63, et 8 die Maii, A. D. 1662.<br />
+Possuit hoc illi m&aelig;stissima conjux.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BS_169" id="Footnote_BS_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BS_169"><span class="label">[BS]</span></a> Peter Heylin was born at Burford, in Oxfordshire, Nov. 29,
+1599 and received the rudiments of his education at the free school in
+that place, from whence he removed to Harthall, and afterwards obtained a
+fellowship at Magdalen College, Oxford. By the interposition of Bishop
+Laud, to whom he was recommended by Lord Danvers, he was presented first
+to the rectory of Hemingford, in Huntingdonshire, then to a prebend of
+Westminster, and lastly to the rectory of Houghton in the Spring, in the
+diocese of Durham, which latter he exchanged for Alresford, in Hampshire.
+In 1633 he proceeded D. D. and in 1638, became rector of South
+Warnborough, Hampshire, by exchange with Mr. Atkinson, of St. John's
+College, for Islip, in Oxfordshire. In 1640 he was chosen clerk of the
+convocation for Westminster, and in 1642 followed the king to Oxford.
+After the death of Charles, he lost all his property, and removing with
+his family from place to place, subsisted by the exercise of his pen till
+the Restoration, when he regained his livings, and was made sub-dean of
+Westminster. His constancy and exertions were supposed by many to merit a
+higher reward, from a government, in whose defence he had sacrificed every
+prospect; but the warmth of his temper, and his violence in dispute, were
+such as rendered his promotion to a higher dignity in the church impolitic
+in the opinion of the ministers. He died May 8, 1662, and was interred in
+Westminster-abbey, under his own stall. A list of his numerous
+publications, as well as a character of him, may be found in Wood's
+<i>Athen&aelig; Oxonienses</i>, ii. 275.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="No_IX" id="No_IX"></a>No. IX.</h2>
+
+<h3>CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN DR. EARLE AND MR. BAXTER.</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>See Kennet's Register, folio, Lond. 1723, page 713.</i>]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>MR. BAXTER TO DR. EARLE.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">REVEREND SIR</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"By the great favour of my lord chancellor's reprehension, I came to
+understand how long a time I have suffered in my reputation with my
+superiors by your misunderstanding me, and misinforming others; as if when
+I was to preach before the king, I had scornfully refused the tippet as a
+toy; when, as the Searcher and Judge of Hearts doth know, that I had no
+such thought or word. I was so ignorant in those matters as to think that
+a tippet had been a proper ensign of a doctor of divinity, and I verily
+thought that you offered it me as such: and I had so much pride as to be
+somewhat ashamed when you offered it me, that I must tell you my want of
+such degrees; and therefore gave you no answer to your first offer, but to
+your second was forced to say, "It belongeth not to me, Sir." And I said
+not to you any more; nor had any other thought in my heart than with some
+shame to tell you that I had no degrees, imagining I should have offended
+others, and made myself the laughter or scorn of many, if I should have
+used<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> that which did not belong to me. For I must profess that I had no
+more scruple to wear a tippet than a gown, or any comely garment. Sir,
+though this be one of the smallest of all the mistakes which of late have
+turned to my wrong, and I must confess that my ignorance gave you the
+occasion, and I am far from imputing it to any ill will in you, having
+frequently heard, that in charity, and gentleness, and peaceableness of
+mind you are very eminent; yet because I must not contemn my estimation
+with my superiors, I humbly crave that favour and justice of you, (which I
+am confident you will readily grant me,) as to acquaint those with the
+truth of this business, whom, upon mistake, you have misinformed, whereby
+in relieving the innocence of your brother, you will do a work of charity
+and justice, and therefore not displeasing unto God, and will much oblige,</p>
+
+<p>Sir,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Your humble servant,</p>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Richard Baxter</span>.</p>
+
+<p><i>June 20, 1662.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>P. S.</i> I have the more need of your justice in this case, because my
+distance denieth me access to those that have received these misreports,
+and because any public vindication of myself, whatever is said of me, is
+taken as an unsufferable crime, and therefore I am utterly incapable of
+vindicating my innocency, or remedying their mistakes.</p>
+
+<p>"To the reverend and much honoured Dr. Earles,<br />
+Dean of Westminster, &amp;c. These."</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+
+<p class='center'>DR EARLE, IN REPLY.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'><i>Hampton-Court, June 23.</i></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">O that they were all such.&mdash;<i>Note by Mr. Baxter.</i></div>
+
+<p>"I received your letter, which I would have answered sooner, if the
+messenger that brought it had returned. I must confess I was a little
+surprized with the beginning of it, as I was with your name; but when I
+read further I ceased to be so. Sir, I should be heartily sorry and
+ashamed to be guilty of any thing like malignity or uncharitableness,
+especially to one of your condition, with whom, though I concur not
+perhaps in point of judgment in some particulars, yet I cannot but esteem
+for your personal worth and abilities; and, indeed, your expressions in
+your letter are so civil and ingenuous, that I am obliged thereby the more
+to give you all the satisfaction I can.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">These words I heard not, being in the passage from him.&mdash;<i>Note
+by Mr. Baxter.</i></div>
+
+<p>As I remember, then, when you came to me to the closet, and I told you I
+would furnish you with a tippet, you answered me something to that purpose
+as you write, but whether the same numerical words, or but once, I cannot
+possibly say from my own memory, and therefore I believe yours. Only this
+I am sure of, that I said to you at my second speaking, that some others
+of your persuasion had not scrupled at it, which might suppose (if you had
+not affirmed the contrary), that you had made me a formal refusal; of
+which giving me then no other reason than that "it belonged not to you," I
+concluded that you were more scrupulous than others were. And, perhaps,
+the manner of your refusing it (as it appeared to me) might make me think
+you were not very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> well pleased with the motion. And this it is likely I
+might say, either to my lord chancellor or others; though seriously I do
+not remember that I spake to my lord chancellor at all concerning it. But,
+sir, since you give me now that modest reason for it, (which, by the way,
+is no just reason in itself, for a tippet may be worn without a degree,
+though a hood cannot; and it is no shame at all to want these formalities
+for him that wanteth not the substance,) but, sir, I say, since you give
+that reason for your refusal, I believe you, and shall correct that
+mistake in myself, and endeavour to rectify it in others, if any, upon
+this occasion, have misunderstood you. In the mean time I shall desire
+your charitable opinion of myself, which I shall be willing to deserve
+upon any opportunity that is offered me to do you service, being, sir,</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Your very humble servant,</p>
+
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Jo. Earles</span>."</p>
+
+<p>"To my honoured friend, Mr. Richard Baxter, These."</p>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="No_X" id="No_X"></a>No. X.</h2>
+
+<h3>MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTION</h3>
+
+<p class='center'>IN STREGLETHORP CHURCH, NEAR NEWARK-UPON-TRENT, IN LINCOLNSHIRE.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[From Le Neve's <i>Monumenta Anglicana</i><a name="FNanchor_BT_170" id="FNanchor_BT_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_BT_170" class="fnanchor">[BT]</a>. 8vo. Lond. 1718. vol. iii. p.
+182.]</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Stay, reader, and observe Death's partial doom,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A spreading virtue in a narrow tombe;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A generous mind, mingled with common dust,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like burnish'd steel, cover'd, and left to rust.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dark in the earth he lyes, in whom did shine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">All the divided merits of his line.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The lustre of his name seems faded here,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No fairer star in all that fruitful sphere.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In piety and parts extreamly bright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Clear was his youth, and fill'd with growing light,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A morn that promis'd much, yet saw no noon;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">None ever rose so fast, and set so soon.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">All lines of worth were centered here in one,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet see, he lies in shades whose life had none.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>But while the mother this sad structure rears,</td><td align='left' rowspan='3'><span style='font-size: 4em'>}</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A double dissolution there appears&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>He into dust dissolves, she into tears.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p class='center'>
+<span class="smcap">Richardus Earle</span>
+<a name="FNanchor_BU_171" id="FNanchor_BU_171"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_BU_171" class="fnanchor">[BU]</a>,
+Barn<sup>tus</sup>.<br />
+Obijt decimo tertio die<br />
+Aug<sup>ti</sup> Anno Dom. 1697.<br />
+&AElig;tatis su&aelig; 24.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BT_170" id="Footnote_BT_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BT_170"><span class="label">[BT]</span></a> Two other epitaphs appear in this collection, on the Earles
+of Norfolk, with whom I cannot find our author to have had the least
+connection. A full account of this family may be seen in Blomefield's
+<i>History of Norfolk</i>, vol. iii. p. 531.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BU_171" id="Footnote_BU_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BU_171"><span class="label">[BU]</span></a> The title was created by Charles the First, July 2, 1629,
+and, I believe, became extinct at the decease of this person.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="No_XI" id="No_XI"></a>No. XI.</h2>
+
+<h3>
+CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF BOOKS OF<br />
+CHARACTERS.<br />
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p class='center'><a name="bi" id="bi"></a>No. i.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+<i>A Caueat<br />
+for commen Cvr<br />
+setors vulgarely called<br />
+Uagabones, set forth by Thomas Harman.<br />
+Esquier. for the vtiliteand proffyt of hys<br />
+naturall Countrey. Newly agmented<br />
+and Jmprinted Anno Domini.</i><br />
+M.D.LXUjj.<br /><br />
+&para; <i>Vewed, examined, and allowed, according vnto the<br />
+Queenes Maiestyes Iniunctions</i><br /><br />
+[Roughly-executed wood-cut, of two persons receiving punishment<br />
+at the cart's tail from the hands of a beadle.]<br /><br />
+<i>Imprinted<br />
+at London in Fletestret at the signe of the<br />
+Faulcon by Wylliam Gryffith, and are to be<br />
+solde at his shoppe in Saynt Dunstones<br />
+Churche yarde in the West.</i></p>
+
+<p>[4to. black letter, containing thirty folios, very incorrectly numbered.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I commence my list of <i>Characters</i>, with a volume, which, although earlier
+than the period I originally intended to begin from, is of sufficient
+curiosity and interest to warrant introduction, and, I trust, to obtain
+pardon from the reader for the additional trouble I am thus preparing for
+him.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Warton, in his <i>History of English Poetry</i>, (iv. 74.) has given, with
+some trifling errors, a transcript of the title, and says he has a faint
+remembrance of a Collection of Epigrams, by the author, printed about
+1599: these I have never been fortunate enough to meet with, nor do they
+appear in the collections of Ames or Herbert, neither of whom had seen a
+copy of the present work, although they mention Griffith's licence to
+print it as dated in 1566<a name="FNanchor_BV_172" id="FNanchor_BV_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_BV_172" class="fnanchor">[BV]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>It is dedicated to Elizabeth, countess of Shrewsbury; Mr. Warton thinks
+"with singular impropriety," although the motive appears at least to
+justify the measure, if it does not entitle the author to commendation. He
+addresses this noble lady as a person of extreme benevolence, and "as also
+aboundantly powrynge out dayly [her] ardent and bountifull charytie vppon
+all such as commeth for reliefe."&mdash;"I thought it good," he continues,
+"necessary, and my bounden dutye, to acquaynte your goodnes with the
+abhominable, wycked, and detestable behauor of all these rowsey, ragged
+rabblement of rake helles, that vnder the pretence of great misery,
+dyseases, and other innumerable calamites whiche they fayne through great
+hipocrisye, do wyn and gayne great almes in all places where they wyly
+wander."&mdash;On this account, therefore, and to preserve the kindness and
+liberality of the countess from imposition, Harman dedicates his book to
+that lady.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The notorious characters mentioned, are a "ruffler<a name="FNanchor_BW_173" id="FNanchor_BW_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_BW_173" class="fnanchor">[BW]</a>; a upright man<a name="FNanchor_BX_174" id="FNanchor_BX_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_BX_174" class="fnanchor">[BX]</a>;
+a hoker or angglear<a name="FNanchor_BY_175" id="FNanchor_BY_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_BY_175" class="fnanchor">[BY]</a>; a roge<a name="FNanchor_BZ_176" id="FNanchor_BZ_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_BZ_176" class="fnanchor">[BZ]</a>; a wylde roge<a name="FNanchor_CA_177" id="FNanchor_CA_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_CA_177" class="fnanchor">[CA]</a>; a prygger of
+prauncers; a pallyarde<a name="FNanchor_CB_178" id="FNanchor_CB_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_CB_178" class="fnanchor">[CB]</a>; a frater<a name="FNanchor_CC_179" id="FNanchor_CC_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_CC_179" class="fnanchor">[CC]</a>; a Abraham man<a name="FNanchor_CD_180" id="FNanchor_CD_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_CD_180" class="fnanchor">[CD]</a>; a fresh water
+mariner, or whipiacke; a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> counterfet cranke<a name="FNanchor_CE_181" id="FNanchor_CE_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_CE_181" class="fnanchor">[CE]</a>; a dommerar<a name="FNanchor_CF_182" id="FNanchor_CF_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_CF_182" class="fnanchor">[CF]</a>; a dronken
+tinckar<a name="FNanchor_CG_183" id="FNanchor_CG_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_CG_183" class="fnanchor">[CG]</a>; a swadder or pedler; a jarke man, and a patrico<a name="FNanchor_CH_184" id="FNanchor_CH_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_CH_184" class="fnanchor">[CH]</a>; a
+demaunder for glymmar<a name="FNanchor_CI_185" id="FNanchor_CI_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_CI_185" class="fnanchor">[CI]</a>; a bawdy basket<a name="FNanchor_CJ_186" id="FNanchor_CJ_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_CJ_186" class="fnanchor">[CJ]</a>; a antem morte<a name="FNanchor_CK_187" id="FNanchor_CK_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_CK_187" class="fnanchor">[CK]</a>; a
+walking morte; a doxe; a dell; a kynchin morte; and a kynchen co."</p>
+
+<p>From such a list, several instances of the tricks, as well as specimens of
+the language of the thieves of the day, might with ease be extracted, did
+not the limits of my little volume compel me to refrain from entering at
+large into this history of rogues; a restriction I the more regret, from
+its containing several passages illustrating the manners of that period,
+and which would be found of material use towards explaining many of the
+allusions met with in our early English dramas and now but imperfectly
+understood.</p>
+
+
+<p>"&para; Prygger of Prauncers. (Sign. C. iii. b.)</p>
+
+<p>"A prigger of Prauncers be horse stealers, for to prigge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span> signifieth in
+their language to steale, and a prauncer is a horse, so beinge put
+together, the matter is plaine. These go commonly in jerkins of leather or
+of white frese, &amp; carry little wandes in their hands, and will walke
+through grounds and pasturs, to search and se horses mete for their
+purpose. And if thei chaunce to be met and asked by the owners of the
+grounde what they make there, they fayne straighte that they have loste
+theyr waye, and desyre to be enstructed the beste way to suche a place.
+These will also repayre to gentlemens houses, and aske theyr charitye, and
+will offer theyr seruice. And if you aske them what they can doe, they wil
+saye that they can kepe two or three geldinges, and waite vppon a
+gentleman. These haue also theyr women that, walkinge from them in other
+places, marke where and what they see abrode, and sheweth these priggars
+therof, when they meete, whych is wythin a weeke or two. And loke, where
+they steale any thynge, they conuey the same at the leaste three score
+miles of, or more. There was a gentleman, a verye friende of myne, rydynge
+from London homewarde into Kente, hauinge within three myles of his house
+busynesse, alyghted of his horse, and hys man also, in a pretye village,
+where diuers houses were, and looked about hym where he myghte haue a
+conuenyent person to walke his horse, because he would speak we a farmer
+that dwelte on the backe side of the sayde village, little aboue a quarter
+of a myle from the place where he lighted, and had his man to waight vpon
+hym, as it was mete for his callynge: espieng a priggar there standing,
+thinkinge the same to dwel there, charging this prity prigginge person to
+walke his horse well, and that they might not stande still for takynge of
+colde, and at his returne (which he saide should not be longe,) he would
+geue him a peny to drinke, and so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span> wente about his busines. Thys peltynge
+priggar, proude of his praye, walketh hys horses vp and downe, till he
+sawe the gentleman out of sighte, and leapes him into the saddell, and
+awaye be goeth a mayne. This gentleman returning, and findyng not his
+horses, sente his man to the one ende of the village, &amp; he went himselfe
+vnto the other ende, and enquired as he went for hys horses that were
+walked, and began somewhat to suspecte, because neither he nor his man
+coulde neyther see nor fynde him. Then this gentleman diligently enquired
+of three or foure towne dwellers there whether any such person, declaring
+his stature, age, apparel, and so manye linamentes of his body as he
+coulde call to remembraunce. And <i>vna voce</i>, all sayde that no such man
+dwelte in their streate, neither in the parish that they knewe of, but
+some did wel remember that suche a one they sawe there lyrkinge and
+huggeringe<a name="FNanchor_CL_188" id="FNanchor_CL_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_CL_188" class="fnanchor">[CL]</a> two houres before the gentleman came thether and a
+straunger to them. J had thought, quoth this gentleman, he had here
+dwelled, and marched home mannerly in his botes: farre from the place he
+dwelt not. J suppose at his comming home he sente such wayes as he
+suspected or thought mete to search for this prigger, but hetherto he
+neuer harde any tidinges againe of his palfreys. J had the best gelding
+stolen out of my pasture that J had amogst others, while this boke was
+first a printing."</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the several characters, the author gives a list of the names
+of the most notorious thieves of his day, a collection of the cant phrases
+used by them, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> their significations; and a dialogue between an
+<i>uprighte man</i> and a <i>roge</i>, which I shall transcribe:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"The vpright Cose canteth to the Roger.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>The vprighte man spaketh to the roge.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>Bene lyghtmans to thy quarromes in what lipk&#275; hast thou lipped in this darkemanes; whether in a lybbege or in the strummell?</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>God morrowe to thy bodye, in what house hast thou lyne in all night whether in a bed, or in the strawe?</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>J couched a hogeshed in a skypper this darkemans.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>I laye me down to sleepe in a barne this night.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>J towre ye strummell tryne vpon thy nabcher &amp; togman.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>I see the straw hange upon thy cap and coate.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>J saye by the Salomon J wyll lage it of with a gage of bene bouse then cut to my nose watch.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>J sweare by the masse J wyll wash it of with a quart of drinke, then saye to me what thou wilt.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>Why, hast thou any lowre in thy bouge to bouse?</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Why, hast thou any money in thy purse to drinke?</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>But a flagge, a wyn, and a make.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>But a grot, a penny, and a halfe-penny.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>Why where is the kene that hath the bene bouse?</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Where is the house that hath the good drinke?</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>A bene mort hereby at the signe of the prauncer.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>A good wyfe here by at the signe of the hors.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>J cutt it is quyer bouse J bousd a flagge the laste darkemans.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>J saye it is small and naughtye drynke, J dranke a groate there the last night.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>But bouse there a bord, and thou shalt haue beneship.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>But drinke there a shyllinge, and thou shalt haue very good.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Tower ye, yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund that is beneshype.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Se you, yonder is the house, open the doore, and aske for the best.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>This bouse is as benshyp as rome bouse.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>This drinke is as good as wyne.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Now J tower that bene bouse makes nase nabes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Now J se that good drynke makes a dronken heade.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Maunde of this morte what bene pecke is in her ken.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Aske of this wyfe what good meate shee hath in her house.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>She hath a cacling chete, a grunting chete, ruff pecke, cassan, and popplarr of yarum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>She hath a hen, a pyg, baken, chese and mylke porrage.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>That is beneshyp to oure watche.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>That is very good for vs.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Now we haue well bousd, let vs strike some chete.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Nowe we haue well dronke, let vs steale some thinge.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yonder dwelleth a quyere cuffen it were beneshype to myll hym.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Yonder dwelleth a hoggeshe and choyrlyshe man it weare very well donne to robbe him.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Roge.</i></td><td align='left'>Nowe, bynge we a waste to the hygh pad, the ruff-manes is by.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>Naye, let vs go hence to the hygh waye, the wodes is at hande.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>So may we happen on the harmanes and cly the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> jarke, or to the quyer ken and skower quyaer cramprings and so to tryning on the chates.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>So we maye chaunce to set in the stockes, eyther be whypped, eyther had to prison-house, and there be shackeled with bolttes and fetters, and then to hange on the gallowes.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>[<i>Rogue.</i>]</td><td align='left'>Gerry gan the ruffian clye thee.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>A corde in thy mouth, the deuyll take thee.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><i>Man.</i></td><td align='left'>What! stowe you bene cofe and cut benar whydds; and byng we to some vyle to nyp a bong, so shall we haue lowre for the bousing ken and when we byng back to the deuseauye, we wyll fylche some duddes of the ruffemans, or myll the ken for a lagge of dudes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>What! holde your peace, good fellowe, and speake better wordes; and go we to London to cut a purse, then shal we haue money for the ale-house, and when we come backe agayne into the countrey, we wyll steale some lynnen clothes of one hedges, or robbe some house for a bucke of clothes.</i>"</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>I have been induced, from the curiosity and rarity of this tract, to
+extend my account of it farther, perhaps, than many of my readers may
+think reasonable, and shall, therefore, only add a specimen of Harman's
+poetry, with which the original terminates.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"&#9758; Thus J conclude my bolde beggar's booke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That all estates most playnely maye see;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As in a glasse well pollyshed to looke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their double demeaner in eche degree;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Their lyues, their language, their names as they be;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That with this warning their myndes may be warmed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To amende their mysdeedes, and so lyue vnharmed."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Another tract of the same description is noticed in Herbert's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> Ames (p.
+885.) as printed so early as in 1565. A copy of the second edition in the
+Bodleian Library, possesses the following title:&mdash;"<i>The Fraternitye of
+Uacabondes. As wel of ruflyng Vacabondes, as of beggerly, of women as of
+men, of gyrles as of boyes, with their proper names and qualities. With a
+description of the crafty company of Cousoners and Shifters. Whereunto
+also is adioyned the xxv orders of Knaues, otherwyse called a Quartern of
+Knaues. Confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell<a name="FNanchor_CM_189" id="FNanchor_CM_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_CM_189" class="fnanchor">[CM]</a>, &amp;c. Imprinted at London by
+Iohn Awdeley, dwellyng in little Britayne streete without Aldersgate.
+1575.</i>" This, although much shorter than Harman's, contains nearly the
+same characters, and is therefore thus briefly dismissed. An account of
+it, drawn up by the editor of the present volume, may be found in Brydges'
+<i>British Bibliographer</i>, vol. ii. p. 12.</p>
+
+<p>It may not be amiss to notice in this place, that a considerable part of
+<i>The Belman of London, bringing to light the most notorious villanies that
+are now practised in the kingdom, &amp;c.</i> 4to. 1608, is derived from Harman's
+<i>Caveat</i>. Among the books bequeathed to the Bodleian, by Burton, (4to.
+G.8. Art. BS.) is a copy of the <i>Belman</i>, with the several passages so
+borrowed, marked in the hand-writing of the author of the <i>Anatomy of
+Melancholy</i>, who has also copied the <i>canting dialogue</i> just given, and
+added several notes of his own on the margin.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BV_172" id="Footnote_BV_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BV_172"><span class="label">[BV]</span></a> In the epistle to the reader, the author terms it "this
+<i>second</i> impression."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BW_173" id="Footnote_BW_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BW_173"><span class="label">[BW]</span></a> A <i>ruffler</i> seems to have been a bully as well as a beggar,
+he is thus described in the <i>Fraternitye of Vacabondes</i>; (see p. <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.) "A
+ruffeler goeth wyth a weapon to seeke seruice, saying he hath bene a
+seruitor in the wars, and beggeth for his reliefe. But his chiefest trade
+is to robbe poore way-faring men and market-women." In <i>New Custome</i> a
+morality, 1573, Creweltie, one of the characters, is termed a <i>ruffler</i>.
+See also Decker's <i>Belman of London</i>. Sign. C. iv.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BX_174" id="Footnote_BX_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BX_174"><span class="label">[BX]</span></a> "An <i>upright man</i> is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a
+staffe, which staffe they cal a Flitchm&#257;. This man is of so much
+authority, that meeting with any of his profession, he may cal them to
+accompt, and comaund a share or snap vnto himselfe of al that they have
+gained by their trade in one moneth." <i>Fraternitye of Vacabondes.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BY_175" id="Footnote_BY_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BY_175"><span class="label">[BY]</span></a> This worthy character approaches somewhat near to a
+shop-lifter. Decker tells us that "their apparele in which they walke is
+commonly freize jerkins and gallye slops." <i>Belman.</i> Sign. C. iv.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_BZ_176" id="Footnote_BZ_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_BZ_176"><span class="label">[BZ]</span></a> A rogue, says Burton, in his MS. notes to Decker's <i>Belman
+of London</i>, "is not so stoute and [hardy] as the vpright man."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CA_177" id="Footnote_CA_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CA_177"><span class="label">[CA]</span></a> A person whose parents were rogues.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CB_178" id="Footnote_CB_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CB_178"><span class="label">[CB]</span></a> "These be called also <i>clapperdogens</i>" and "go with patched
+clokes." Sign. C. iv.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CC_179" id="Footnote_CC_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CC_179"><span class="label">[CC]</span></a> A <i>Frater</i> and a <i>Whipiacke</i>, are persons who travel with a
+counterfeite license, the latter in the dress of a sailor. See
+<i>Fraternitye, Belman</i>, &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CD_180" id="Footnote_CD_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CD_180"><span class="label">[CD]</span></a> "An <i>Abraham-man</i> is he that walketh bare-armed, and
+bare-legged, and fayneth hymselfe mad, and caryeth a packe of wool, or a
+stycke with baken on it, or such lyke toy, and nameth himselfe Poore Tom."
+<i>Fraternitye of Vacabondes.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CE_181" id="Footnote_CE_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CE_181"><span class="label">[CE]</span></a> A person who asks charity, and feigns sickness and disease.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CF_182" id="Footnote_CF_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CF_182"><span class="label">[CF]</span></a> One who pretends to be dumb. In Harman's time they were
+chiefly Welsh-men.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CG_183" id="Footnote_CG_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CG_183"><span class="label">[CG]</span></a> An artificer who mends one hole, and makes twenty.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CH_184" id="Footnote_CH_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CH_184"><span class="label">[CH]</span></a> A <i>jarke man</i> can read and write, and sometimes understands
+a little Latin. A <i>patrico</i> solemnizes their marriages.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CI_185" id="Footnote_CI_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CI_185"><span class="label">[CI]</span></a> These are commonly women who ask assistance, feigning that
+they have lost their property by fire.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CJ_186" id="Footnote_CJ_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CJ_186"><span class="label">[CJ]</span></a> A woman who cohabits with an <i>upright man</i>, and professes to
+sell thread, &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CK_187" id="Footnote_CK_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CK_187"><span class="label">[CK]</span></a> "These <i>antem mortes</i> be maried wemen, as there be but a
+fewe: for <i>antem</i>, in their language is a churche&mdash;" &amp;c. <i>Harman</i>. Sign.
+E. iv. A <i>walking morte</i> is one unmarried: a <i>doxe</i>, a <i>dell</i>, and a
+<i>kynchin morte</i>, are all females; and a <i>kynchen co</i> is a young boy not
+thoroughly instructed in the art of <i>canting</i> and <i>prigging</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CL_188" id="Footnote_CL_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CL_188"><span class="label">[CL]</span></a> In Florio's <i>Italian Dictionary</i>, the word <i>dinascoso</i> is
+explained "secretly, hiddenly, in <i>hugger-mugger</i>." See also Reed's
+<i>Shakspeare</i>, xviii. 284. <i>Old Plays</i>, 1780. viii. 48.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CM_189" id="Footnote_CM_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CM_189"><span class="label">[CM]</span></a> Herbert notices <i>Cock Lorelles Bote</i>, which he describes to
+be a satire in verse, in which the author enumerates all the most common
+trades and callings then in being. It was printed, in black letter, Wynken
+de Worde, 4to. without date. <i>History of Printing</i> ii. 224, and Percy's
+<i>Reliques</i>, i. 137, edit. 1794.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bii" id="bii"></a>ii. <i>Picture of a Puritane, 8vo.</i> 1605. [Dr. Farmer's <i>Sale Catalogue</i>,
+page 153, No. 3709.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="biii" id="biii"></a>iii. <i>"A Wife <ins class="greek" title="As per original">novv</ins> the Widdow of Sir Thomas Overbvrye. Being a most
+exquisite and singular Poem of the Choice of a Wife. Wherevnto are added
+many witty Characters, and conceited Newes, written by himselfe and other
+learned Gentlemen his friends.</i></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0"><i>Dignum laude virum musa vetat mori,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>C&aelig;lo musa beat. Hor. Car. lib. 3.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><i>London Printed for Lawrence Lisle, and are to bee sold at his shop in
+Paule's Church-yard, at the signe of the Tiger's head. 1614."</i><a name="FNanchor_CN_190" id="FNanchor_CN_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_CN_190" class="fnanchor">[CN]</a></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. pp. 64, not numbered.]</p>
+
+<p>Of Sir Thomas Overbury's life, and unhappy end, we have so full an account
+in the <i>Biographia</i>, and the various historical productions, treating of
+the period in which he lived, that nothing further will be expected in
+this place. His <i>Wife</i> and <i>Characters</i> were printed, says Wood, several
+times during his life, and the edition above noticed, was supposed, by the
+Oxford biographer, to be the fourth or fifth<a name="FNanchor_CO_191" id="FNanchor_CO_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_CO_191" class="fnanchor">[CO]</a>. Having never<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> seen a
+copy of the early editions, I am unable to fix on any character
+undoubtedly the production of Overbury, and the printer confesses some of
+them were written by "other learned gentlemen." These were greatly
+encreased in subsequent impressions, that of 1614 having only twenty-one
+characters, and that in 1622 containing no less than eighty.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A COURTIER,&mdash;(<i>Sign. C. 4. b.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>To all men's thinking is a man, and to most men the finest: all things
+else are defined by the understanding, but this by the sences; but his
+surest marke is, that hee is to bee found onely about princes. Hee smells;
+and putteth away much of his judgement about the scituation of his
+clothes. Hee knowes no man that is not generally knowne. His wit, like the
+marigold, openeth with the sunne, and therefore he riseth not before ten
+of the clocke. Hee puts more confidence in his words than meaning, and
+more in his pronuntiation than his words. Occasion is his Cupid, and hee
+hath but one receipt of making loue. Hee followes nothing but
+inconstancie, admires nothing but beauty, honours nothing but fortune.
+Loues nothing. The sustenance of his discourse his newes, and his censure
+like a shot depends vpon the charging. Hee is not, if he be out of court,
+but, fish-like, breathes destruction,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span> if out of his owne element. Neither
+his motion, or aspect are regular, but he mooues by the vpper spheres, and
+is the reflexion of higher substances. If you finde him not heere, you
+shall in Paules with a pick-tooth in his hat, a cape cloke, and a long
+stocking.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CN_190" id="Footnote_CN_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CN_190"><span class="label">[CN]</span></a> In 1614 appeared <i>The Husband</i>, a <i>Poeme</i>, expressed in a
+compleat man. See <i>Censura Literaria</i>, v. 365. John Davies, of Hereford,
+wrote <i>A Select Second Hvsband for Sir Thomas Overbvries Wife, now a
+matchlesse widow</i>. 8vo. Lond. 1616. And in 1673 was published, <i>The
+Illustrious Wife, viz. That excellent Poem, Sir Thomas Overbvrie's Wife,
+illustrated by Giles Oldisworth, Nephew to the same Sir T. O.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CO_191" id="Footnote_CO_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CO_191"><span class="label">[CO]</span></a> It was most probably the fifth, as Mr. Capel, who has
+printed the <i>Wife</i>, in his very curious volume, entitled <i>Prolusions</i>,
+8vo. Lond. 1760, notices two copies in 1614, one in 8vo. which I suppose
+to be the third, and one in 4to. stated in the title to be the fourth
+edition: the sixth was in the following year, 1615; the seventh, eighth,
+and ninth were in 1616, the eleventh in 1622, twelfth in 1627, thirteenth
+1628, fourteenth, 1630, fifteenth, 1632, sixteenth, 1638, and Mr. Brand
+possessed a copy, the specific edition of which I am unable to state,
+printed in 1655. <i>Catalogue</i>, No. 4927.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="biv" id="biv"></a>iv. "<i>Satyrical Essayes, Characters, and others, or accurate and quick
+Descriptions, fitted to the life of their Subiects.</i> <ins class="greek" title="t&ocirc;n &ecirc;th&ocirc;n d&ecirc;
+phylattesthai mallon dei h&ecirc; tous hecheis">&#964;&#969;&#957; &#951;&#952;&#969;&#957; &#948;&#951; &#966;&#965;&#955;&#945;&#964;&#964;&#949;&#963;&#952;&#945;&#953; &#956;&#945;&#955;&#955;&#959;&#957; &#948;&#949;&#953; &#7969; &#964;&#959;&#965;&#962; &#7953;&#967;&#949;&#953;&#963;</ins>. Theophras.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Aspice et h&aelig;c, si forte aliquid decoctius audis,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">Jude</a> vaporata Lector mihi <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">ferucat</a> aure. I<small>UUEN</small>.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Plagosus minime Plagiarius.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>John Stephens. London, Printed by Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by
+Roger Barnes, at his Shop in St. Dunstane's Church-yard. 1615.</i>"</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[8vo. pp. 321. title, preface, &amp;c. 14 more.]</p>
+
+<p>In a subsequent impression of this volume, 8vo. in the same year, and with
+a fresh title page, dated 1631<a name="FNanchor_CP_192" id="FNanchor_CP_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_CP_192" class="fnanchor">[CP]</a>, we find the author to be "John
+Stephens the younger, of Lincoln's Inn:" no other particulars of him
+appear to exist at present, excepting that he was the author of a play
+entitled, <i>Cinthia's Revenge; or, M&aelig;nander's Extasie</i>. Lond. for Barnes,
+1613, 4to. "which," says Langbaine, "is one of the longest plays I ever
+read, and withal the most tedious." Ben Jonson addressed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> some lines<a name="FNanchor_CQ_193" id="FNanchor_CQ_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_CQ_193" class="fnanchor">[CQ]</a>
+to the author, whom he calls "his much and worthily esteemed friend," as
+did F. C. G. Rogers, and Thomas Danet.</p>
+
+<p>Stephens dedicates his book to Thomas Turner, Esq. For the sake of a
+little variety I give one of his "three satyricall Essayes on
+Cowardlinesse," which are written in verse.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>ESSAY I.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Feare to resist good virtue's common foe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And feare to loose some lucre, which doth grow<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By a continued practise; makes our fate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Banish (with single combates) all the hate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which broad abuses challenge of our spleene.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For who in Vertue's troope was euer seene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That did couragiously with mischiefes fight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Without the publicke name of hipocrite?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vaine-glorious, malapert, precise, deuout,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Be tearmes which threaten those that go about<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To stand in opposition of our times<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With true defiance, or satyricke rimes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cowards they be, branded among the worst,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Who (through contempt of Atheisme), neuer durst<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Crowd neere a great man's elbow to suggest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Smooth tales with glosse, or Enuy well addrest.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">These be the noted cowards of our age;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who be not able to instruct the stage<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With matter of new shamelesse impudence<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who cannot almost laugh at innocence;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And purchase high preferment by the waies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which had bene horrible in Nero's dayes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They are the shamefull cowards, who contemne<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Vices of state, or cannot flatter them;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who can refuse advantage, or deny<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Villanous courses, if they can espye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Some little purchase to inrich their chest<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Though they become vncomfortably blest.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We still account those cowards, who forbeare<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">(Being possess'd with a religious feare)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To slip occasion, when they might erect<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hornes on a tradesman's noddle, or neglect<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The violation of a virgin's bed<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With promise to requite her maiden-head.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Basely low-minded we esteeme that man<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who cannot swagger well, or (if he can)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who doth not with implacable desire,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Follow revenge with a consuming fire.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Extortious rascals, when they are alone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bethinke how closely they have pick'd each bone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nay, with a frolicke humour, they will brag,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">How blancke they left their empty client's bag.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which dealings if they did not giue delight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or not refresh their meetings in despight,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">They would accounted be both weake, vnwise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And, like a timorous coward, too precise.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your handsome-bodied youth (whose comely face<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May challenge all the store of Nature's grace,)<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If, when a lustfull lady doth inuite,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By some lasciuious trickes his deere delight,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If then he doth abhorre such wanton ioy;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose is not almost ready to destroy<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ciuility with curses, when he heares<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The tale recited? blaming much his years,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or modest weaknesse, and with cheeks ful-blown<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each man will wish the case had beene his own.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Graue holy men, whose habite will imply<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nothing but honest zeale, or sanctity,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nay so vprighteous will their actions seeme,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As you their thoughts religion will esteeme.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet these all-sacred men, who daily giue<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Such vowes, wold think themselves vnfit to liue,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If they were artlesse in the flattering vice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Euen as it were a daily sacrifice:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Children deceiue their parents with expence:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Charity layes aside her conscience,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And lookes vpon the fraile commodity<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of monstrous bargaines with a couetous eye:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And now the name of <i>generosity</i>,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of <i>noble cariage</i> or <i>braue dignity</i>,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Keepe such a common skirmish in our bloud,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As we direct the measure of things good,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By that, which reputation of estate,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glory of rumor, or the present rate<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of sauing pollicy doth best admit.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">We do employ materials of wit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Knowledge, occasion, labour, dignity,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Among our spirits of audacity,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor in our gainefull proiects do we care<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For what is pious, but for what we dare.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Good humble men, who haue sincerely layd<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Saluation for their hope, we call <i>afraid</i>.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But if you will vouchsafe a patient eare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You shall perceiue, men impious haue most feare."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The second edition possesses the following title&mdash;"<i>New Essayes and
+Characters, with a new Satyre in defence of the Common Law, and Lawyers:
+mixt with reproofe against their Enemy Ignoramus, &amp;c. London, 1631.</i>" It
+seems not improbable that some person had attacked Stephens's first
+edition, although I am unable to discover the publication alluded to. I
+suspect him to be the editor of, or one of the contributors to, the later
+copies of Sir Thomas Overbury's <i>Wife</i>, &amp;c.: since one of Stephens's
+friends, (a Mr. I. Cocke) in a poetical address prefixed to his <i>New
+Essayes</i>, says "I am heere enforced to claime 3 characters following the
+Wife<a name="FNanchor_CR_194" id="FNanchor_CR_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_CR_194" class="fnanchor">[CR]</a>; viz. the <i>Tinker</i>, the <i>Apparatour</i>, and <i>Almanack-maker</i>, that
+I may signify the ridiculous and bold dealing of an vnknowne botcher: but
+I neede make no question what he is; for his hackney similitudes discouer
+him to be the rayler above-mentioned, whosoeuer that rayler be."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CP_192" id="Footnote_CP_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CP_192"><span class="label">[CP]</span></a> Coxeter, in his MSS. notes to Gildon's <i>Lives of the Eng.
+Dram. Poets</i>, in the Bodleian, says that the second edition was in 8vo.
+1613, "<i>Essays and Characters, Ironical and Instructive</i>," but this must
+be a mistake.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_CQ_193" id="Footnote_CQ_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CQ_193"><span class="label">[CQ]</span></a>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Who takes thy volume to his vertuous hand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Must be intended still to vnderstand:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who bluntly doth but looke vpon the same,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May aske, <i>what author would conceale his name?</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who reads may roaue, and call the passage darke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet may, as blind men, sometimes hit the marke.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who reads, who roaues, who hopes to vnderstand,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">May take thy volume to his vertuous hand.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who cannot reade, but onely doth desire<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To vnderstand, hee may at length admire.<br /></span>
+<span class="i10">B. I."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CR_194" id="Footnote_CR_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CR_194"><span class="label">[CR]</span></a> These were added to the sixth edition of the <i>Wife</i>, in
+1615.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bv" id="bv"></a>v. <i>Caracters upon Essaies, morall and diuine, written for those good
+spirits that will take them in good part, and make use of them to good
+purpose. London: Printed by Edw. Griffin for John Guillim, and are to be
+sold at his shop in Britaines Burse.</i> 1615. 12mo.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Censura Literaria, v. 51. Monthly Mirror, xi. 16.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bvi" id="bvi"></a>vi. <i>The Good and the Badde, or Descriptions of the Worthies and
+Vnworthies of this Age. Where the Best may see their Graces, and the Worst
+discerne their Basenesse. London, Printed by George Purslowe for Iohn
+Budge, and are to be sold at the great South-dore of Paules, and at
+Brittaines Bursse.</i> 1616.</p>
+
+<p>[4to. containing pp. 40, title, dedication "to Sir Gilbert Houghton,
+Knight," and preface six more. A second edition appeared in 1643, under
+the title of <i>England's Selected Characters</i>, &amp;c.]</p>
+
+<p>The author of these characters<a name="FNanchor_CS_195" id="FNanchor_CS_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_CS_195" class="fnanchor">[CS]</a> was Nicholas Breton, who dedicates them
+to Sir Gilbert Houghton, of Houghton, Knight.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span> Of Breton no particulars
+are now known, excepting what may be gained from an epitaph in Norton
+church, Northamptonshire<a name="FNanchor_CT_196" id="FNanchor_CT_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_CT_196" class="fnanchor">[CT]</a>, by which we learn that he was the son of
+Captain Breton, of Tamworth, in Staffordshire, and served himself in the
+Low Countries, under the command of the Earl of Leicester. He married
+Anne, daughter of Sir Edward Legh, or Leigh, of Rushell, Staffordshire, by
+whom he had five sons and four daughters, and having purchased the manor
+of Norton, died there June 22, 1624<a name="FNanchor_CU_197" id="FNanchor_CU_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_CU_197" class="fnanchor">[CU]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Breton appears to have been a poet of considerable reputation among his
+contemporaries, as he is noticed with commendation by Puttenhem and Meres:
+Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges declares that his poetical powers were
+distinguished by a simplicity, at once easy and elegant. Specimens of his
+productions in verse, may be found in Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, Ellis's
+<i>Specimens</i>, Cooper's <i>Muses' Library, Censura Literaria</i>; and an
+imperfect list of his publications is given by Ritson, in the
+<i>Bibliographia Poetica</i>, which is augmented by Mr. Park, in the <i>Cens.
+Lit.</i> ix. 163<a name="FNanchor_CV_198" id="FNanchor_CV_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_CV_198" class="fnanchor">[CV]</a>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A WORTHIE PRIUIE COUNCELLER.</p>
+
+
+<p>A worthy priuie counceller is the pillar of a realme, in whose wisedome
+and care, vnder God and the king, stands the safety of a kingdome; he is
+the watch-towre to giue warning of the enemy, and a hand of prouision for
+the preseruation of the state: hee is an oracle in the king's eare, and a
+sword in the king's hand, an euen weight in the ballance of justice, and a
+light of grace in the loue of truth: he is an eye of care in the course of
+lawe, a heart of loue in the seruice of his soueraigne, a mind of honour
+in the order of his seruice, and a braine of inuention for the good of the
+common-wealth; his place is powerful, while his seruice is faithfull, and
+his honour due in the desert of his employment. In summe, he is as a fixed
+planet mong the starres of the firmament, which through the clouds in the
+ayre, shewes the nature of his light.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>AN VNWORTHIE COUNCELLER.</p>
+
+
+<p>An vnworthie counceller is the hurt of a king, and the danger of a state,
+when the weaknes of judgement may commit an error, or the lacke of care
+may give way to vnhappinesse:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> he is a wicked charme in the king's eare, a
+sword of terror in the aduice of tyranny: his power is perillous in the
+partiality of will, and his heart full of hollownesse in the protestation
+of loue: hypocrisie is the couer of his counterfaite religion, and
+traiterous inu&#275;tion is the agent of his ambition: he is the cloud of
+darknesse, that threatneth foule weather, and if it growe to a storme, it
+is feareful where it falls: hee is an enemy to God in the hate of grace,
+and worthie of death in disloyalty to his soueraigne. In summe, he is an
+vnfit person for the place of a counceller, and an vnworthy subject to
+looke a king in the face.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>AN EFFEMINATE FOOL.</p>
+
+<p>An effeminate foole is the figure of a baby: he loues nothing but gay, to
+look in a glasse, to keepe among wenches, and to play with trifles; to
+feed on sweet meats, and to be daunced in laps, to be inbraced in armes,
+and to be kissed on the cheeke: to talke idlely, to looke demurely, to goe
+nicely, and to laugh continually: to be his mistresse' servant, and her
+mayd's master, his father's love, and his mother's none-child: to play on
+a fiddle, and sing a loue-song, to weare sweet gloues, and look on fine
+things: to make purposes and write verses, deuise riddles, and tell lies:
+to follow plaies, and study daunces, to heare newes, and buy trifles: to
+sigh for loue, and weepe for kindnesse, and mourne for company, and bee
+sicke for fashion: to ride in a coach, and gallop a hackney, to watch all
+night, and sleepe out the morning: to lie on a bed, and take tobacco, and
+to send his page of an idle message to his mistresse; to go vpon gigges, to
+haue his ruffes set in print, to picke his teeth, and play with a puppet.
+In summe, hee is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> a man-childe, and a woman's man, a gaze of folly, and
+wisedome's griefe<a name="FNanchor_CW_199" id="FNanchor_CW_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_CW_199" class="fnanchor">[CW]</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"THE CHESSE PLAY."</p>
+
+<p>Very aptly deuised by N. B. Gent.</p>
+
+<p>[From "<i>The Ph&#339;nix Nest. Built vp with the most rare and refined workes
+of Noble men, woorthy Knights, gallant Gentlemen, Masters of Arts, and
+braue Schollers," &amp;c. "Set foorth by R. S. of the Inner Temple,
+Gentleman." 4to. London, by Iohn Iackson, 1593, page 28.</i>]</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A secret many yeeres vnseene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In play at chesse, who knowes the game,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">First of the King, and then the Queene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Knight, Bishop, Rooke, and so by name,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Of euerie Pawne I will descrie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The nature with the qualitie.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE KING.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The King himselfe is haughtie care,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which ouerlooketh all his men,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And when he seeth how they fare<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He steps among them now and then,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Whom, when his foe presumes to checke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">His seruants stand, to giue the necke.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE QUEENE.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Queene is queint, and quicke conceit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which makes hir walke which way she list,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And rootes them vp, that lie in wait<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To worke hir treason, ere she wist:<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Hir force is such against hir foes<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">That whom she meetes, she ouerthrowes.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE KNIGHT.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Knight is knowledge how to fight<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Against his prince's enimies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He neuer makes his walke outright,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But leaps and skips, in wilie wise,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To take by sleight a traitrous foe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Might slilie seeke their ouerthrowe.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE BISHOP.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Bishop he is wittie braine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That chooseth crossest pathes to pace,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And euermore he pries with paine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To see who seekes him most disgrace:<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Such straglers when he findes astraie<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">He takes them vp, and throwes awaie.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE ROOKES.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Rookes are reason on both sides,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which keepe the corner houses still,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And warily stand to watch their tides,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">By secret art to worke their will,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To take sometime a theefe vnseene,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Might mischiefe meane to King or Queene.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE PAWNES.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Pawne before the King, is peace,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which he desires to keepe at home,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Practise, the Queene's, which doth not cease<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Amid the world abroad to roame,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To finde, and fall upon each foe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Whereas his mistres meanes to goe.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Before the Knight, is perill plast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which he, by skipping ouergoes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And yet that Pawne can worke a cast,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To ouerthrow his greatest foes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The Bishop's prudence, prieng still<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Which way to worke his master's will.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The Rooke's poore Pawnes, are sillie swaines,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which seeldome serue, except by hap,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And yet those Pawnes, can lay their traines,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To catch a great man, in a trap:<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">So that I see, sometime a groome<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">May not be spared from his roome.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>THE NATURE OF THE CHESSE MEN.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The King is stately, looking hie;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Queene doth beare like maiestie:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Knight is hardie, valiant, wise:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Bishop prudent and precise.<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The Rookes no raungers out of raie<a name="FNanchor_CX_200" id="FNanchor_CX_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_CX_200" class="fnanchor">[CX]</a>,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The Pawnes the pages in the plaie.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p class='center'>LENVOY.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then rule with care, and quicke conceit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fight with knowledge, as with force;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">So beare a braine, to dash deceit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And worke with reason and remorse.<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Forgive a fault when young men plaie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">So giue a mate, and go your way.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And when you plaie beware of checke,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Know how to saue and giue a necke:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And with a checke beware of mate;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But cheefe, ware had I wist too late:<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Loose not the Queene, for ten to one,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">If she be lost, the game is gone."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CS_195" id="Footnote_CS_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CS_195"><span class="label">[CS]</span></a> These are a king; a queen; a prince; a privy-counsellor; a
+noble man; a bishop; a judge; a knight; a gentleman; a lawyer; a soldier;
+a physician; a merchant (their good and bad characters); a good man, and
+an atheist or most bad man; a wise man and a fool; an honest man and a
+knave; an usurer; a beggar; a virgin and a wanton woman; a quiet woman; an
+unquiet woman; a good wife; an effeminate fool; a parasite; a bawd; a
+drunkard; a coward; an honest poor man; a just man; a repentant sinner; a
+reprobate; an old man; a young man, and a holy man.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CT_196" id="Footnote_CT_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CT_196"><span class="label">[CT]</span></a> It is by no means certain that this may not be intended to
+perpetuate the memory of some other person of the same names, although Mr.
+Gough, in a note to the second volume of <i>Queen Elizabeth's Progresses</i>,
+seems to think it belongs to our author.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CU_197" id="Footnote_CU_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CU_197"><span class="label">[CU]</span></a> Bridges' <i>Northamptonshire</i>, vol. ii. page 78, s. Shaw's
+<i>Staffordshire</i>, vol. i. page 422.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CV_198" id="Footnote_CV_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CV_198"><span class="label">[CV]</span></a> To these lists of Breton's productions may be added, 1. <i>A
+Solemne Passion of the Soule's Loue.</i> 4to. Lond. 1598. 2. <i>The Mother's
+Blessing</i>, 4to. Lond. 1602. 3. <i>A True Description of vnthankfulnesse; or
+an enemie to Ingratitude.</i> 4to. Lond. 1602. 4. <i>Breton's Longing</i>, 4to.
+title lost in the Bodleian copy; prefixed are verses by H. T. gent. 5. <i>A
+Poste with a packet of Mad Letters</i>, 4to. 1633, dedicated by Nicholas
+Breton to Maximilian Dallison of Hawlin, Kent. The last tract excepted,
+all the above are in a volume bequeathed by Bishop Tanner to the
+university of Oxford, which contains many of the pieces noticed by Ritson,
+and, in addition, <i>The Passion of a discontented Minde.</i> 4to. Lond. 1602,
+which I should have no hesitation in placing to Breton. At the end of the
+volume are <i>The Passions of the Spirit</i>, and <i>Excellent Vercis worthey
+imitation of euery Christian in thier Conuersiation</i>, both in manuscript,
+and, if we may judge from the style, evidently by the author
+before-mentioned. For the <i>Figures</i>, in the composition of which he had
+certainly a share, see page <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CW_199" id="Footnote_CW_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CW_199"><span class="label">[CW]</span></a> I am not aware that the following specimen of his
+versification, which is curious, has been reprinted.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_CX_200" id="Footnote_CX_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CX_200"><span class="label">[CX]</span></a> <i>Raie</i>, for <i>array</i>; order, rank. So Spencer.
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"And all the damzels of that towne in <i>ray</i>,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Came dauncing forth, and ioyous carrols song:"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p class='right'><i>Faerie Queene</i>, book v. canto xi. 34.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bvii" id="bvii"></a>vii. <i>Essayes and Characters of a Prison and Prisoners. Written by G. M.
+of Grayes'-Inne, Gent.</i> (Woodcut of a keeper standing with the hatch of a
+prison open, in his left hand a staff, the following lines at the side;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Those that keepe mee, I keepe; if can, will still:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hee's a true Iaylor strips the Diuell in ill.")<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><i>Printed at London for Mathew Walbancke and are to be solde at his shops
+at the new and old Gate of Grayes-Inne.</i> 1618.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. pp. 48. title, dedication, &amp;c. eight more.]</p>
+
+<p>A second edition appeared in 1638, and, as the title informs us, "with
+some new additions:" what these were I am not able to state, as my copy,
+although it appears perfect, contains precisely the same with that of
+1618.</p>
+
+<p>Of Geffray Mynshul, as he signs his name to the dedication,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> I can learn
+no particulars, but I have reason to suppose him descended from an ancient
+and highly respectable family, residing at Minshull, in the county of
+Chester<a name="FNanchor_CY_201" id="FNanchor_CY_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_CY_201" class="fnanchor">[CY]</a>, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By what
+mishap he became an inmate of the King's-bench prison, from when he
+dates<a name="FNanchor_CZ_202" id="FNanchor_CZ_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_CZ_202" class="fnanchor">[CZ]</a> his <i>Essayes</i>, it is impossible to conjecture, but as he talks
+of usury and extortion, as well as of severe creditors; and advises those
+who are compelled to borrow, to pay as soon as they can, we may suppose
+that imprudence and extravagance assisted in reducing him to the situation
+he attempts to describe.</p>
+
+<p>In the dedication to his uncle, "Mr. Matthew Mainwaring<a name="FNanchor_DA_203" id="FNanchor_DA_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_DA_203" class="fnanchor">[DA]</a>, of Namptwich,
+in Cheshire," he says:&mdash;"Since my comming into this prison, what with the
+strangenesse of the place, and strictnesse of my liberty, I am so
+transported that I could not follow that study wherein I tooke great
+delight and cheife pleasure, and to spend my time idley would but adde
+more discontentments to my troubled brest, and being in this chaos of
+discontentments, fantasies must arise, which will bring forth the fruits
+of an idle braine, for <i>e malis minimum</i>. It is farre better to giue some
+accompt of time, though to little purpose,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> than none at all. To which end
+I gathered a handfull of essayes, and few characters of such things as by
+my owne experience I could say <i>Probatum est</i>: not that thereby I should
+either please the reader, or shew exquisitenes of inuention, or curious
+stile; seeing what I write of is but the child of sorrow, bred by
+discontentments, and nourisht vp with misfortunes, to <a href="#ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS">whosc</a> help
+melancholly Saturne gaue his iudgement, the night-bird her inuention, and
+the ominous rauen brought a quill taken from his owne wing, dipt in the
+inke of misery, as chiefe ayders in this architect of sorrow."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"CHARACTER OF A PRISONER.</p>
+
+<p>A prisoner is an impatient patient, lingring vnder the rough hands of a
+cruell phisitian: his creditor hauing cast his water knowes his disease,
+and hath power to cure him, but takes more pleasure to kill him. He is
+like Tantalus, who hath freedome running by his doore, yet cannot enioy
+the least benefit thereof. His greatest griefe is that his credit was so
+good and now no better. His land is drawne within the compasse of a
+sheepe's skin, and his owne hand the fortification that barres him of
+entrance: hee is fortunes tossing-bal, an obiect that would make mirth
+melancholy: to his friends an abiect, and a subiect of nine dayes' wonder
+in euery barber's shop, and a mouthfull of pitty (that he had no better
+fortune) to midwiues and talkatiue gossips; and all the content that this
+transitory life can giue him seemes but to flout him, in respect the
+restraint of liberty barres the true vse. To his familiars hee is like a
+plague, whom they dare scarce come nigh for feare of infection, he is a
+monument ruined by those which raysed him, he spends the day with a <i>hei
+mihi! ve miserum</i>! and the night with a <i>nullis est medicabilis herbis</i>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CY_201" id="Footnote_CY_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CY_201"><span class="label">[CY]</span></a> In the church of St. Mary, at Nantwich, in that county, is a
+monument erected by Geofry Minshull, of Stoke, Esq. to the memory of his
+ancestors. <i>Historical Account of Nantwich</i>, 8vo. 1774, page 33. King, in
+his <i>Vale Royal of England</i>, folio, <i>Lond.</i> 1656, page 74, speaks of
+Minshall-hall, "a very ancient seat, which hath continued the successions
+of a worshipfull race in its own name"&mdash;&amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_CZ_202" id="Footnote_CZ_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_CZ_202"><span class="label">[CZ]</span></a> This place of residence was omitted in the second edition.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DA_203" id="Footnote_DA_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DA_203"><span class="label">[DA]</span></a> The Mainwarings were an old family of repute, being
+mentioned as residing near Nantwich, by Leland, <i>Itin.</i> vol. 7. pt. i.
+fol. 43. See also the list of escheators of Cheshire, in Leycester's
+<i>Historical Antiquities</i>, folio, Lond. 1673, p. 186.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bviii" id="bviii"></a>viii. <i>Cvres for the Itch. Characters. Epigrams. Epitaphs. By H. P.
+Scalpat qui tangitur. London, Printed for Thomas Iones, at the signs of
+the Blacke Rauen in the Strand.</i> 1626. [8vo. containing pp. 142, not
+numbered.]</p>
+
+<p>I have little doubt but that the initials H. P. may be attributed with
+justice to <i>Henry Parrot</i>, author of <i>Laquei ridiculosi: or, Springes for
+Woodcocks</i>, a collection of epigrams, printed at London in 1613<a name="FNanchor_DB_204" id="FNanchor_DB_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_DB_204" class="fnanchor">[DB]</a>, 8vo.
+and commended by Mr. Warton, who says, that "many of them are worthy to be
+revived in modern collections"<a name="FNanchor_DC_205" id="FNanchor_DC_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_DC_205" class="fnanchor">[DC]</a>. To the same person I would also give
+<i>The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Old Dogge. Epigrams and Satyrs.</i>
+Lond. (Date cut off in the Bodleian copy,) 4to.&mdash;<i>The Mouse Trap,
+consisting of 100 Epigrams</i>, 4to. 1606.&mdash;<i>Epigrams by H. P.</i> 4to.
+1608.&mdash;and <i>The More the Merrier: containing three-score and odde
+headlesse Epigrams, shot (like the Fooles bolt) amongst you, light where
+they will</i>, 4to. 1608<a name="FNanchor_DD_206" id="FNanchor_DD_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_DD_206" class="fnanchor">[DD]</a>.</p>
+
+<p>It appears from the Preface to <i>Cvres for the Itch</i>, that the <i>Epigrams
+and Epitaphs</i> were written in 1624, during the author's residence in the
+country, at the "<i>long vacation</i>," and the <i>Characters</i><a name="FNanchor_DE_207" id="FNanchor_DE_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_DE_207" class="fnanchor">[DE]</a>, which are
+"not so fully perfected as was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span> meant," were composed "of later times."
+The following afford as fair a specimen of this part of the volume as can
+be produced.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"A SCOLD. (B. 5.)</p>
+
+<p>Is a much more heard of, then least desired to bee seene or knowne,
+she-kinde of serpent; the venom'd sting of whose poysonous tongue, worse
+then the biting of a scorpion, proues more infectious farre then can be
+cured. Shee's of all other creatures most vntameablest, and couets more
+the last word in scoulding, then doth a Combater the last stroke for
+victorie. She lowdest lifts it standing at her door, bidding, w<sup>th</sup>
+exclamation, flat defiance to any one sayes blacke's her eye. She dares
+appeare before any iustice, nor is least daunted with the sight of
+counstable, nor at worst threatnings of a cucking-stoole. There's nothing
+mads or moues her more to outrage, then but the very naming of a wispe, or
+if you sing or whistle when she is scoulding. If any in the interim chance
+to come within her reach, twenty to one she scratcheth him by the face; or
+doe but offer to hold her hands, sheel presently begin to cry out murder.
+There's nothing pacifies her but a cup of sacke, which taking in full
+measure of digestion, shee presently forgets all wrongs that's done her,
+and thereupon falls streight a weeping. Doe but intreat her with faire
+words, or flatter her, she then confesseth all her imperfections, and
+layes the guilt vpon the whore her mayd. Her manner is to talke much in
+her sleepe, what wrongs she hath indured of that rogue her husband whose
+hap may be in time to dye a martyr; and so I leaue them."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"A GOOD WIFE,</p>
+
+<p>Is a world of happiness, that brings with it a kingdom in conceit, and
+makes a perfect adiunct in societie; shee's such a comfort as exceeds
+content, and proues so precious as canot be paralleld, yea more
+inestimable then may be valued. Shee's any good man's better second selfe,
+the very mirror of true constant modesty, the carefull huswife of
+frugalitie, and dearest obiect of man's heart's felicitie. She commands
+with mildnesse, rules with discretion, liues in repute, and ordereth all
+things that are good or necessarie. Shee's her husband's solace, her
+house's ornament, her children's succor, and her seruant's comfort. Shee's
+(to be briefe) the eye of warinesse, the tongue of silence, the hand of
+labour, and the heart of loue. Her voice is musicke, her countenance
+meeknesse; her minde vertuous, and her soule gratious. Shee's a blessing
+giuen from God to man, a sweet companion in his affliction, and ioynt
+co-partner upon all occasions. Shee's (to conclude) earth's chiefest
+paragon, and will bee, when shee dyes, heauen's dearest creature."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DB_204" id="Footnote_DB_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DB_204"><span class="label">[DB]</span></a> Mr. Steevens quotes an edition in 1606, but the preface
+expressly states, that they were composed in 1611.&mdash;"<i>Duo propemodum anni
+elapsi sunt, ex quo primum Epigrammata h&aelig;c (qualiacunque) raptim et
+festinanter perficiebam</i>"&mdash;&amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DC_205" id="Footnote_DC_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DC_205"><span class="label">[DC]</span></a> <i>History of English Poetry</i>, iv. 73.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DD_206" id="Footnote_DD_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DD_206"><span class="label">[DD]</span></a> <i>Censura Literaria</i>, iii. 387, 388.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DE_207" id="Footnote_DE_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DE_207"><span class="label">[DE]</span></a> These consist of a ballad-maker; a tapster; a drunkard; a
+rectified young man; a young nouice's new yonger wife; a common fidler; a
+broker; a iouiall good fellow; a humourist; a malepart yong upstart; a
+scold; a good wife, and a selfe-conceited parcell-witty old dotard.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bix" id="bix"></a>ix. <i>Characters of Vertves and Vices. In two Bookes. By Ios. Hall.
+Imprinted at London, 1627.</i></p>
+
+<p>The above is copied from a separate title in the collected works of Bishop
+Hall, printed in folio, and dedicated to James the First. The book, I
+believe, originally appeared in 8vo. 1608<a name="FNanchor_DF_208" id="FNanchor_DF_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_DF_208" class="fnanchor">[DF]</a>. Of this edition I have in
+vain endeavoured to procure some information, although I cannot fancy it
+to be of any peculiar rarity.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The volume contains a dedication to Edward Lord Denny, and James Lord Hay,
+a premonition of the title and use of characters, the proemes, eleven
+virtuous characters, and fifteen of a different discription. As Bishop
+Hall's collected works have so lately appeared in a new edition, and as
+Mr. Pratt<a name="FNanchor_DG_209" id="FNanchor_DG_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_DG_209" class="fnanchor">[DG]</a> proposes to add a life of the author in a subsequent volume,
+I shall forbear giving any specimen from the works or biographical notices
+of this amiable prelate, recommending the perusal of his excellent
+productions, to all who admire the combination of sound sense with
+unaffected devotion.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DF_208" id="Footnote_DF_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DF_208"><span class="label">[DF]</span></a> See Brand's <i>Sale Catalogue</i>, 8vo. 1807, page 115, No.
+3147.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DG_209" id="Footnote_DG_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DG_209"><span class="label">[DG]</span></a> See the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for October, 1810, LXXXI.
+317.</p></div></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bx" id="bx"></a>x. <i>Micrologia. Characters, or Essayes, of Persons, Trades, and Places,
+offered to the City and Country. By R. M. Printed at London by T. C. for
+Michael Sparke, dwelling at the blue Bible, in Greene Arbor. 1629.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[8vo. containing 56 pages, not numbered.]</p>
+
+<p>The characters in this volume are "A fantasticke taylor; a player; a
+shooe-maker; a rope-maker; a smith; a tobacconist; a cunning woman; a
+cobler; a tooth-drawer; a tinker; a fidler; a cunning horse-courser;
+Bethlem; Ludgate; Bridewell; (and) Newgate."&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"A PLAYER.&mdash;(<i>Sign. B.</i> iii.)</p>
+
+<p>Is a volume of various conceits or epitome of time, who by his
+representation and appearance makes things long past seeme present. He is
+much like the compters in arithmeticke, and may stand one while for a
+king, another while a begger,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> many times as a mute or cypher. Sometimes
+hee represents that which in his life he scarse practises&mdash;to be an honest
+man. To the point, hee oft personates a rover, and therein comes neerest
+to himselfe. If his action prefigure passion, he raues, rages, and
+protests much by his painted heauens, and seemes in the heighth of this
+fit ready to pull Ioue out of the garret, where pershance hee lies leaning
+on his elbowes, or is imployed to make squips and crackers to grace the
+play. His audience are often-times iudicious, but his chiefe admirers are
+commonly young wanton chamber-maids, who are so taken with his posture and
+gay clothes, they neuer come to be their owne women after. Hee exasperates
+men's enormities in publike view, and tels them their faults on the stage,
+not as being sorry for them, but rather wishes still hee might finde more
+occasions to worke on. He is the generall corrupter of spirits, yet
+vntainted, inducing them by gradation to much lasciuious deprauity. He is
+a perspicuity of vanity in variety, and suggests youth to perpetrate such
+vices, as otherwise they had haply nere heard of. He is (for the most
+part) a notable hypocrite, seeming what he is not, and is indeed what hee
+seemes not. And if hee lose one of his fellow stroules, in the summer he
+turnes king of the gipsies: if not, some great man's protection is a
+sufficient warrant for his peregrination, and a meanes to procure him the
+town-hall, where hee may long exercise his qualities, with clown-claps of
+great admiration, in a tone sutable to the large eares of his illiterate
+auditorie. Hee is one seldome takes care for old age, because ill diet and
+disorder, together with a consumption, or some worse disease, taken vp in
+his full careere, haue onely chalked out his catastrophe but to a colon:
+and he scarsely suruiues to his naturall period of dayes."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxi" id="bxi"></a>xi. <i>Whimzies: Or, A new Cast of Characters. Nova, non nota delectant.
+London, Printed by F. K. and are to be sold by Ambrose Rithirdon, at the
+signe of the Bull's-head, in Paul's Church-yard. 1631.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. containing in all, pp. 280.]</p>
+
+<p>The dedication to this volume, which is inscribed to sir <i>Alexander
+Radcliffe</i>, is signed "<i>Clitus&mdash;Alexandrinus</i>;" the author's real name I
+am unable to discover. It contains twenty-four characters<a name="FNanchor_DH_210" id="FNanchor_DH_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_DH_210" class="fnanchor">[DH]</a>, besides "<i>A
+cater-character, throwne out of a boxe by an experienced gamester</i><a name="FNanchor_DI_211" id="FNanchor_DI_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_DI_211" class="fnanchor">[DI]</a>;"
+and some lines "vpon the birth-day of his sonne Iohn," of which the
+first-will be sufficient to satisfy all curiosity.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"God blesse thee, Iohn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And make thee such an one<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That I may ioy<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">in calling thee my son.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thou art my ninth,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">and by it I divine<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That thou shalt live<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">to love the Muses nine."&mdash;&amp;c. &amp;c.<br /></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span></div></div>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"A CORRANTO-COINER&mdash;(p. 15.)</p>
+
+<p>Is a state newes-monger; and his owne genius is his intelligencer. His
+mint goes weekely, and he coines monie by it. Howsoeuer, the more
+intelligent merchants doe jeere him, the vulgar doe admire him, holding
+his novels oracular: and these are usually sent for tokens or intermissiue
+curtsies betwixt city and countrey. Hee holds most constantly one forme or
+method of discourse. He retaines some militarie words of art, which hee
+shootes at randome; no matter where they hitt, they cannot wound any. He
+ever leaves some passages doubtfull, as if they were some more intimate
+secrecies of state, clozing his sentence abruptly with&mdash;<i>heereafter you
+shall heare more</i>. Which words, I conceive, he onely useth as baites, to
+make the appetite of the reader more eager in his next week's pursuit for
+a more satisfying labour. Some generall-erring relations he pickes up, as
+crummes or fragments, from a frequented ordinarie: of which shreads he
+shapes a cote to fit any credulous foole that will weare it. You shall
+never observe him make any reply in places of publike concourse; hee
+ingenuously acknowledges himselfe to bee more bounden to the happinesse of
+a retentive memory, than eyther ability of tongue, or pregnancy of
+conceite. He carryes his table-booke still about with him, but dares not
+pull it out publikely. Yet no sooner is the table drawne, than he turnes
+notarie; by which meanes hee recovers the charge of his ordinarie. Paules
+is his walke in winter; Moorfields<a name="FNanchor_DJ_212" id="FNanchor_DJ_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_DJ_212" class="fnanchor">[DJ]</a> in sommer.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span> Where the whole
+discipline, designes, projects, and exploits of the States, Netherlands,
+Poland, Switzer, Crimchan and all, are within the compasse of one
+quadrangle walke most judiciously and punctually discovered. But long he
+must not walke, lest hee make his newes-presse stand. Thanks to his good
+invention, he can collect much out of a very little: no matter though more
+experienced judgements disprove him; hee is anonymos, and that wil secure
+him. To make his reports more credible or, (which he and his stationer
+onely aymes at,) more vendible, in the relation of every occurrent he
+renders you the day of the moneth; and to approve himselfe a scholler, he
+annexeth these Latine parcells, or parcell-gilt sentences, <i>veteri stylo,
+novo stylo</i>. Palisados, parapets, counterscarfes, forts, fortresses,
+rampiers, bulwarks, are his usual dialect. Hee writes as if he would doe
+some mischiefe, yet the charge of his shot is but paper. Hee will
+sometimes start in his sleepe, as one affrighted with visions, which I can
+impute to no other cause but to the terrible skirmishes which he
+discoursed of in the day-time. He has now tyed himselfe apprentice to the
+trade of minting, and must weekly performe his taske, or (beside the losse
+which accrues to himselfe,) he disappoints a number of no small fooles,
+whose discourse, discipline, and discretion, is drilled from his
+state-service. These you shall know by their Mondai's morning question, a
+little before Exchange time; <i>Stationer, have you any newes?</i> Which they
+no sooner purchase than peruse; and, early by next morning,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> (lest their
+countrey friend should be deprived of the benefit of so rich a prize,)
+they freely vent the substance of it, with some illustrations, if their
+understanding can furnish them that way. He would make you beleeve that
+hee were knowne to some forraine intelligence, but I hold him the wisest
+man that hath the least faith to beleeve him. For his relations he stands
+resolute, whether they become approved, or evinced for untruths; which if
+they bee, hee has contracted with his face never to blush for the matter.
+Hee holds especiall concurrence with two philosophicall sects, though hee
+bee ignorant of the tenets of either: in the collection of his
+observations, he is <i>peripateticall</i>, for hee walkes circularly; in the
+digestion of his relations he is <i>Stoicall</i>, and sits regularly. Hee has
+an alphabeticall table of all the chiefe commanders, generals, leaders,
+provinciall townes, rivers, ports, creekes, with other fitting materials
+to furnish his imaginary building. Whisperings, muttrings, and bare
+suppositions, are sufficient grounds for the authoritie of his relations.
+It is strange to see with what greedinesse this ayrie Chameleon, being all
+lungs and winde, will swallow a receite of newes, as if it were physicall:
+yea, with what frontlesse insinuation he will scrue himselfe into the
+acquaintance of some knowing <i>Intelligencers</i>, who, trying the cask by his
+hollow sound, do familiarly gull him. I am of opinion, were all his
+voluminous centuries of fabulous relations compiled, they would vye in
+number with the Iliads of many forerunning ages. You shall many times
+finde in his Gazettas, pasquils, and corrantos miserable distractions;
+here a city taken by force long before it bee besieged; there a countrey
+laid waste before ever the enemie entered. He many times tortures his
+readers with impertinencies, yet are these the tolerablest passages
+throughout all his discourse. He is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span> the very landskip of our age. He is
+all ayre; his eare alwayes open to all reports, which, how incredible
+soever, must passe for currant, and find vent, purposely to get him
+currant money, and delude the vulgar. Yet our best comfort is, his
+chymeras live not long; a weeke is the longest in the citie, and after
+their arrival, little longer in the countrey; which past, they melt like
+<i>Butter</i>, or match a pipe, and so <i>Burne</i><a name="FNanchor_DK_213" id="FNanchor_DK_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_DK_213" class="fnanchor">[DK]</a>. But indeede, most commonly
+it is the height of their ambition to aspire to the imployment of stopping
+mustard-pots, or wrapping up pepper, pouder, staves-aker, &amp;c. which done,
+they expire. Now for his habit, Wapping and Long-lane will give him his
+character. Hee honours nothing with a more indeered observance, nor hugges
+ought with more intimacie than antiquitie, which he expresseth even in his
+cloathes. I have knowne some love fish best that smelled of the panyer;
+and the like humour reignes in him, for hee loves that apparele best that
+has a taste of the broker. Some have held him for a scholler, but trust
+mee such are in a palpable errour, for hee never yet understood so much
+Latine as to construe <i>Gallo-Belgicus</i>. For his librarie (his owne
+continuations excepted,) it consists of very few or no bookes. He holds
+himselfe highly engaged to his invention if it can purchase him victuals;
+for authors hee never converseth with them, unlesse they walke in Paules.
+For his discourse it is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span> ordinarie, yet hee will make you a terrible
+repetition of desperate commanders, unheard of exployts; intermixing
+withall his owne personall service. But this is not in all companies, for
+his experience hath sufficiently informed him in this principle&mdash;that as
+nothing workes more on the simple than things strange and incredibly rare;
+so nothing discovers his weaknesse more among the knowing and judicious
+than to insist, by way of discourse, on reports above conceite. Amongst
+these, therefore, hee is as mute as a fish. But now imagine his lampe (if
+he be worth one,) to be neerely burnt out; his inventing genius wearied
+and surfoote with raunging over so many unknowne regions; and himselfe,
+wasted with the fruitlesse expence of much paper, resigning his place of
+weekly collections to another, whom, in hope of some little share, hee has
+to his stationer recommended, while he lives either poorely respected, or
+dyes miserably suspended. The rest I end with his owne cloze:&mdash;<i>Next weeke
+you shall heare more</i>."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DH_210" id="Footnote_DH_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DH_210"><span class="label">[DH]</span></a> An almanack-maker; a ballad-monger; a corranto-coiner; a
+decoy; an exchange man; a forrester; a gamester; an hospitall-man; a
+iayler; a keeper; a launderer; a metall man; a neuter; an ostler; a
+post-master: a quest-man; a ruffian; a sailor; a trauller; an vnder
+sheriffe; a wine-soaker; a Xantippean; a yealous neighbour; a zealous
+brother.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DI_211" id="Footnote_DI_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DI_211"><span class="label">[DI]</span></a> This <i>cater-character</i>, which possesses a separate title
+page, contains delineations of an apparator; a painter; a pedler; and a
+piper.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DJ_212" id="Footnote_DJ_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DJ_212"><span class="label">[DJ]</span></a> <i>Moorfields</i> were a general promenade for the citizens of
+London, during the summer months. The ground was left to the city by Mary
+and Catherine, daughters of sir William Fines, a Knight of Rhodes, in the
+reign of Edward the Confessor. Richard Johnson, a poetaster of the
+sixteenth century, published in 1607, <i>The Pleasant Walkes of
+Moore-fields. Being the Guift of two Sisters, now beautified, to the
+continuing fame of this worthy Citty</i>. 4to. black-letter, of which Mr.
+Gough, (<i>Brit. Topog.</i>) who was ignorant of the above, notices an
+impression in 1617.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DK_213" id="Footnote_DK_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DK_213"><span class="label">[DK]</span></a> This is certainly intended as a pun upon the names of two
+news-venders or <i>corranto-coiners</i> of the day. Nathaniel <i>Butter</i>, the
+publisher of "<i>The certain Newes of this present Week</i>," lived at the
+<i>Pyde-Bull</i>, St. Austin's-gate, and was the proprietor of several of the
+<i>intelligencers</i>, from 1622 to about 1640. Nicholas <i>Bourne</i> was a joint
+partner with <i>Butter</i> in <i>The Sweedish Intelligencer</i>, 4to. <i>Lond.</i> 1632.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxii" id="bxii"></a>xii. <i>Pictur&aelig; loquentes: or Pictures drawne forth in Characters. With a
+Poeme of a Maid. By Wye Saltonstall. Ne sutor ultra crepidam. London:
+Printed by T. Coles, &amp;c. 1631. 12mo.</i></p>
+
+<p>I have copied the above title from an article in the <i>Censura
+Literaria</i><a name="FNanchor_DL_214" id="FNanchor_DL_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_DL_214" class="fnanchor">[DL]</a>, communicated by Mr. Park, of whose copious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> information,
+and constant accuracy on every subject connected with English literature,
+the public have many specimens before them.</p>
+
+<p>Saltonstall's<a name="FNanchor_DM_215" id="FNanchor_DM_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_DM_215" class="fnanchor">[DM]</a> <i>Characters</i>, &amp;c. reached a second edition in 1635. A
+copy of this rare volume is in the possession of Mr. Douce, who, with his
+accustomed liberality, permitted my able and excellent friend, Mr. John
+James Park, to draw up the following account of it for the present volume.</p>
+
+<p>To "The Epistle dedicatory" of this impression, the initials (or such
+like) of dedicatee's name only are given, for, says the dedicator, "I know
+no fame can redound unto you by these meane essayes, which were written,
+<i>Ocium magis foventes, quam studentes glori&aelig;</i>, as sheapheards play upon
+their oaten pipes, to recreate themselves, not to get credit."</p>
+
+<p>"To the Reader.&mdash;Since the title is the first leafe that cometh under
+censure, some, perhaps, will dislike the name of pictures, and say, I have
+no <i>colour</i> for it, which I confesse, for these pictures are not drawne in
+colours, but in characters, representing to the eye of the minde divers
+severall professions, which, if they appeare more obscure than I coulde
+wish, yet I would have you know that it is not the nature of a character,
+to be as smooth as a bull-rush, but to have some fast and loose knots,
+which the ingenious reader may easily untie. The first picture is the
+description of a maide, which young men may read, and from thence learn to
+know, that vertue is the truest beauty. The next follow in their order,
+being set together in this <i>little</i> book, that in winter you may reade
+them <i>ad ignem</i>, by the fire-side, and in summer <i>ad umbram</i>, under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span> some
+shadie tree, and therewith passe away the tedious howres. So hoping of thy
+favourable censure, knowing that the least judicious are most ready to
+judge, I expose them to thy view, with Apelles motto, <i>Ne sutor, ultra
+crepidam</i>. Lastly, whether you like them, or leave them, yet the author
+bids you welcome.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>"Thine as mine,</p>
+<p class='right'>W.S."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'><i>The Original Characters are</i>,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1. The world.</td><td align='left'>14. A wandering rogue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>2. An old man.</td><td align='left'>15. A waterman.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>3. A woman.</td><td align='left'>16. A shepheard.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4. A widdow.</td><td align='left'>17. A jealous man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>5. A true lover.</td><td align='left'>18. A chamberlaine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>6. A countrey bride.</td><td align='left'>19. A mayde.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>7. A plowman.</td><td align='left'>20. A bayley.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>8. A melancholy man.</td><td align='left'>21. A countrey fayre.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>9. A young heire.</td><td align='left'>22. A countrey alehouse.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>10. A scholler in the university.</td><td align='left'>23. A horse-race.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>11. A lawyer's clarke.</td><td align='left'>24. A farmer's daughter.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>12. A townsman in Oxford.</td><td align='left'>25. A keeper.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>13. An usurer.</td><td align='left'>26. A gentleman's house in the countrey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'><i>The Additions to the second Edition are</i>,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>27. A fine dame.</td><td align='left'>34. The tearme.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>28. A country dame.</td><td align='left'>35. A mower.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>29. A gardiner.</td><td align='left'>36. A happy man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>30. A captaine.</td><td align='left'>37. An arrant knave.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>31. A poore village.</td><td align='left'>38. An old waiting gentlewoman.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>32. A merry man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>33. A scrivener.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"THE TEARME</p>
+
+<p>Is a time when Justice keeps open court for all commers, while her sister
+Equity strives to mitigate the rigour of her positive sentence. It is
+called the Tearme, because it does end and terminate busines, or else
+because it is the <i>Terminus</i> ad quem, that is, the end of the countrey
+man's journey, who comes up to the Tearme, and with his hobnayle shooes
+grindes the faces of the poore stones, and so returnes againe. It is the
+soule of the yeare, and makes it quicke, which before was dead. Inkeepers
+gape for it as earnestly as shelfish doe for salt water after a low ebbe.
+It sends forth new bookes into the world, and replenishes Paul's walke
+with fresh company, where <i>Quid novi?</i> is their first salutation, and the
+weekely newes their chiefe discourse. The tavernes are painted against the
+tearme, and many a cause is argu'd there and try'd at that barre, where
+you are adjudg'd to pay the costs and charges, and so dismist with
+'welcome gentlemen.' Now the citty puts her best side outward, and a new
+play at the Blackfryers is attended on with coaches. It keepes watermen
+from sinking and helpes them with many a fare voyage to Westminster. Your
+choyse beauties come up to it onely to see and be seene, and to learne the
+newest fashion, and for some other recreations. Now monie that has beene
+long sicke and crasie, begins to stirre and walke abroad, especially if
+some young prodigalls come to towne, who bring more money than wit.
+Lastly, the tearme is the joy of the citty, a deare friend to countrymen,
+and is never more welcome than after a long vacation."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DL_214" id="Footnote_DL_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DL_214"><span class="label">[DL]</span></a> Vol. 5, p. 372. Mr. Park says that the plan of the
+characters was undoubtedly derived from that of Overbury, but, he adds,
+the execution is greatly superior. Four stanzas from the poem entitled, <i>A
+Maid</i>, are printed in the same volume.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DM_215" id="Footnote_DM_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DM_215"><span class="label">[DM]</span></a> An account of the author may be found in the <i>Athen&aelig; Oxon.</i>
+Vol. 1. col. 640.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxiii" id="bxiii"></a>xiii. <i>London and Country corbonadoed and quartered into seuerall
+Characters. By Donald Lupton, 8vo. 1632.</i></p>
+
+<p>[See British Bibliographer, i. 464; and Brand's Sale Catalogue, page 66,
+No. 1754.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxiv" id="bxiv"></a>xiv. <i>Character of a Gentleman</i>, appended to Brathwait's <i>English
+Gentleman</i>, 4to. <i>London, by Felix Kyngston, &amp;c. 1633.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxv" id="bxv"></a>xv. "<i>A strange Metamorphosis of Man, transformed into a Wildernesse.
+Deciphered in Characters. London, Printed by Thomas Harper, and are to be
+sold by Lawrence Chapman at his shop in Holborne, 1634.</i>"</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. containing pp. 296, not numbered.]</p>
+
+<p>This curious little volume has been noticed by Mr. Haslewood, in the
+<i>Censura Literaria</i> (vii. 284.) who says, with justice, that a rich vein
+of humour and amusement runs through it, and that it is the apparent
+lucubration of a pen able to perform better things. Of the author's name I
+have been unable to procure the least intelligence.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"THE HORSE (No. 16.)</p>
+
+<p>Is a creature made, as it were, in waxe. When Nature first framed him, she
+took a secret complacence in her worke. He is even her master-peece in
+irracionall things, borrowing somewhat of all things to set him forth. For
+example, his slicke<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span> bay coat hee tooke from the chesnut; his necke from
+the rainbow, which perhaps make him rain so wel. His maine belike he took
+from <i>Pegasus</i>, making him a hobbie to make this a compleat gennet<a name="FNanchor_DN_216" id="FNanchor_DN_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_DN_216" class="fnanchor">[DN]</a>,
+which main he weares so curld, much after the women's fashions now adayes;
+this I am sure of howsoever, it becomes them, [and] it sets forth our
+gennet well. His legges he borrowed of the hart, with his swiftnesse,
+which makes him a true courser indeed. The starres in his forehead hee
+fetcht from heaven, which will not be much mist, there being so many. The
+little head he hath, broad breast, fat buttocke, and thicke tayle are
+properly his owne, for he knew not where to get him better. If you tell
+him of the hornes he wants to make him most compleat, he scornes the
+motion, and sets them at his heele. He is well shod especially in the
+upper leather, for as for his soles, they are much at reparation, and
+often faine to be removed. Nature seems to have spent an apprentiship of
+yeares to make you such a one, for it is full seven yeares ere hee comes
+to this perfection, and be fit for the saddle: for then (as we,) it seemes
+to come to the yeares of discretion, when he will shew a kinde of
+rationall judgement with him, and if you set an expert rider on his backe,
+you shall see how sensiblie they will talke together, as master and
+scholler. When he shall be no sooner mounted and planted in the seat with
+the reins in one hand, a switch in the other, and speaking with his
+spurres in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> the horse's flankes, a language he wel understands, but he
+shall prance, curvet, and dance the canaries<a name="FNanchor_DO_217" id="FNanchor_DO_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_DO_217" class="fnanchor">[DO]</a> halfe an houre together
+in compasse of a bushell, and yet still, as he thinkes, get some ground,
+shaking the goodly plume on his head with a comely pride. This will our
+Bucephalus do in the lists: but when hee comes abroad into the fields, hee
+will play the countrey gentleman as truly, as before the knight in
+turnament. If the game be up once, and the hounds in chase, you shall see
+how he will pricke up his eares streight, and tickle at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> sport as much
+as his rider shall, and laugh so loud, that if there be many of them, they
+will even drowne the rurall harmony of the dogges. When he travels, of all
+innes he loves best the signe of the silver bell, because likely there he
+fares best, especially if hee come the first, and get the prize. He
+carries his eares upright, nor seldome ever lets them fall till they be
+cropt off, and after that, as in despight, will never weare them more. His
+taile is so essentiall to him, that if he loose it once hee is no longer
+an horse, but ever stiled a curtall. To conclude, he is a blade of
+Vulcan's forging, made for Mars of the best metall, and the post of Fame
+to carrie her tidings through the world, who, if he knew his own strength,
+would shrewdly put for the monarchie of our wildernesse."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DN_216" id="Footnote_DN_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DN_216"><span class="label">[DN]</span></a> Mr. Steevens, in a note to Othello, explains a jennet to be
+a Spanish horse; but from the passage just given, I confess it appears to
+me to mean somewhat more. Perhaps a jennet was a horse kept solely for
+pleasure, whose mane was suffered to grow to a considerable length, and
+was then ornamented with platting, &amp;c.&mdash;A hobby might answer to what we
+now term a <i>hogged</i> poney.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DO_217" id="Footnote_DO_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DO_217"><span class="label">[DO]</span></a> <i>The Canaries</i> is the name of an old dance, freqnently
+alluded to in our early English plays. Shakspeare uses it in <i>All's well
+that ends well</i>&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">&mdash;&mdash;"I have seen a medicine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That's able to breathe life into a stone;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Quicken a rock, and make you <i>dance canary</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With spritely fire and motion;"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+Sir John Hawkins, in his <i>History of Musick</i>, iv. 391. says that it occurs
+in the opera of <i>Dioclesian</i>, set to music by Purcell, and explains it to
+be "a very sprightly movement of two reprises, or strains, with eight bars
+in each: the time three quarters in a bar, the first pointed." I take this
+opportunity of mentioning, that among Dr. Rawlinson's MSS. in the
+Bodleian, [<i>Poet.</i> 108.] is a volume which contains a variety of figures
+of old dances, written, as I conjecture, between the years 1566 and 1580.
+Besides several others are the <i>pavyan</i>; <i>my Lord of Essex measures</i>;
+<i>tyntermell</i>; <i>the old allmayne</i>; <i>the longe pavian</i>; <i>quanto dyspayne</i>;
+<i>the nyne muses</i>, &amp;c. As the pavian is mentioned by Shakspeare, in the
+<i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, and as the directions for dancing the figure
+have not been before discovered, I shall make no apology for offering them
+in the present note.
+</p>
+<p class='center'>"THE LONGE PAVIAN,</p>
+
+<p>ij singles, a duble forward; ij singles syde, a duble forward; rep&#299;nce
+backe once, ij singles syde, a duble forward, one single backe twyse, ij
+singles, a duble forward, ij singles syde, prerince backe once; ij singles
+syde, a duble forward, reprince backe twyse."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxvi" id="bxvi"></a>xvi. <i>The true Character of an untrue Bishop; with a Recipe at the end how
+to recover a Bishop if hee were lost. London, printed in the yeare
+1641<a name="FNanchor_DP_218" id="FNanchor_DP_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_DP_218" class="fnanchor">[DP]</a>.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. pp. 10, besides title.]</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DP_218" id="Footnote_DP_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DP_218"><span class="label">[DP]</span></a> I have a faint recollection of a single character in a rare
+volume, entitled "<i>A Boulster Lecture</i>," &amp;c. Lond. 1640.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxvii" id="bxvii"></a>xvii. <i>Character of a Projector, by &mdash;&mdash; Hogg. 4to. 1642.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxviii" id="bxviii"></a>xviii. <i>Character of an Oxford Incendiary. Printed for Robert White in
+1643.</i> 4to.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, V. 469. edit. 1744.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxix" id="bxix"></a>xix. <i>The Reformado precisely charactered (with a frontispiece.)</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[See the Sale Catalogue of George Steevens, Esq. 8vo. Lond. 1800. page 66.
+No. 1110.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxx" id="bxx"></a>xx. "<i>A new Anatomie, or Character of a Christian or Round-head.
+Expressing his Description, Excellencie, Happiness and Innocencie. Wherein
+may appear how far this blind world is mistaken in their unjust Censures
+of him. Virtus in Arduis. Proverbs xii. 26; and Jude 10</i>, quoted.)
+<i>Imprimatur John Downame. London, Printed for Robert Leybourne, and are to
+be sold at the Star, under Peter's Church in Corn-hill, 1645.</i> 8vo. pp.
+13.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[In Ashmole's Museum.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxi" id="bxxi"></a>xxi. In Lord North's <i>Forest of Varieties, London, Printed by Richard
+Cotes</i>, 1645, are several <i>Characters</i>, as lord Orford informs us, "in the
+manner of sir Thomas Overbury." <i>Royal and Noble Authors</i>, iii. 82. Of
+this volume a second edition appeared in 1659, neither of these, however,
+I have been able to meet with. For some account of the work, with
+extracts, see Brydges' <i>Memoirs of the Peers of England</i>, 8vo. <i>London.</i>
+1802. page 343.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxii" id="bxxii"></a>xxii. <i>Characters and Elegies<a name="FNanchor_DQ_219" id="FNanchor_DQ_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_DQ_219" class="fnanchor">[DQ]</a>. By Francis Wortley, Knight and Baronet.
+Printed in the yeere 1646.</i>" 4to.</p>
+
+<p>The characters are as follow:</p>
+
+<p>1. The character of his royall majestie; 2. The character of the queene's
+majestie; 3. The hopeful prince; 4. A true character of the illustrious
+James Duke of York; 5. The character of a noble general; 6. A true English
+protestant; 7. An antinomian, or anabaptisticall independent; 8. A
+jesuite; 9. The true character of a northerne lady, as she is wife,
+mother, and sister; 10. The politique neuter; 11. The citie paragon; 12. A
+sharking committee-man; 13. Britanicus his pedigree&mdash;a fatall prediction
+of his end; 14. The Ph&#339;nix of the Court.</p>
+
+<p><i>Britanicus his Pedigree&mdash;a fatall Prediction of his End.</i></p>
+
+<p>I dare affirme him a Jew by descent, and of the tribe of Benjamin,
+lineally descended from the first King of the Jewes, even Saul, or at best
+he ownes him and his tribe, in most we reade of them. First, of our
+English tribes, I conceive his father's the lowest, and the meanest of
+that tribe, stocke, or generation, and the worst, how bad soever they be;
+melancholy he is, as appeares by his sullen and dogged wit; malicious as
+Saul to David, as is evident in his writings; he wants but Saul's javelin
+to cast at him; he as little spares the king's friends with his pen, as
+Saul did Jonathan his sonne in his reproach; and would be as free of his
+javelin as his pen, were his power sutable to his will, as Ziba did to
+Mephibosheth,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> so does he by the king, he belies him as much to the world,
+as he his master to David, and in the day of adversitie is as free of his
+tongue as Shimei was to his soveraigne, and would be as humble as he, and
+as forward to meet the king as he was David, should the king returne in
+peace. Abithaes there cannot want to cut off the dog's head, but David is
+more mercifull then Shimei can be wicked; may he first consult with the
+witch of Endor, but not worthy of so noble a death as his own sword, die
+the death of Achitophel for feare of David, then may he be hang'd up as
+the sonnes of Saul were against the sunne, or rather as the Amelekites who
+slew Isbosheth, and brought tidings and the tokens of the treason to
+David; may his hands and his feet be as sacrifices cut off, and so pay for
+the treasons of his pen and tongue; may all heads that plot treasons, all
+tongues that speake them, all pens that write them, be so punisht. If
+Sheba paid his head for his tongue's fault, what deserves Britannicus to
+pay for his pen and trumpet? Is there never a wise woman in London? we
+have Abishaes.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Francis Wortley, was the son of Sir Richard Wortley, of Wortley, in
+Yorkshire, knight. At the age of seventeen he became a commoner of
+Magdalen College, Oxford; in 1610 he was knighted, and on the 29th of June
+in the following year, was created a baronet; being then, as Wood says,
+esteemed an ingenious gentleman. During the civil wars he assisted the
+royal cause, by raising a troop of horse in the king's service; but at
+their conclusion he was taken prisoner, and confined in the tower of
+London, where it seems he composed the volume just noticed. In the
+<i>Catalogue of Compounders</i> his name appears as "of Carleton, Yorkshire,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span>
+and from thence we learn that he paid 500<i>l.</i> for his remaining property.
+In the <i>Athen&aelig; Oxonienses</i> may be found a list of his works, but I have
+been unable to trace the date of his decease. Mr. Granger says that "Anne,
+his daughter, married the second son of the first Earl of Sandwich, who
+took the name of Wortley," and adds that the late Countess of Bute was
+descended from him. <i>Biographical History</i>, ii. 310.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DQ_219" id="Footnote_DQ_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DQ_219"><span class="label">[DQ]</span></a> The Elegies, according to Wood, are upon the loyalists who
+lost their lives in the king's service, at the end of which are epitaphs.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxiii" id="bxxiii"></a>xxiii. <i>The Times anatomiz'd, in severall Characters. By T. F</i>[ord,
+seruant to Mr. Sam. Man<a name="FNanchor_DR_220" id="FNanchor_DR_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_DR_220" class="fnanchor">[DR]</a>.] <i>Difficile est Satyram non scribere. Juv.
+Sat. 1. London, Printed for W. L. Anno 1647.</i>"</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. in the British Museum.]</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'><i>The Contents of the severall Characters.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>1. A good king.</td><td align='left'>15. Time.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>2. Rebelion.</td><td align='left'>16. A newter.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>3. An honest subject.</td><td align='left'>17. A turn-coat.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' rowspan='2'>4. An hypocritical convert of the times.</td><td align='left'>18. A moderate man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>19. A corrupt committee-man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>5. A souldier of fortune.</td><td align='left'>20. A sectary.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>6. A discontented person.</td><td align='left'>21. Warre.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>7. An ambitious man.</td><td align='left'>22. Peace.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>8. The vulgar.</td><td align='left'>23. A drunkard.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>9. Errour.</td><td align='left'>24. A novice-preacher.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>10. Truth.</td><td align='left'>25. A scandalous preacher.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>11. A selfe-seeker.</td><td align='left'>26. A grave divine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>12. Pamphlets.</td><td align='left'>27. A selfe-conceited man.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>13. An envious man.</td><td align='left'>29. Religion.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>14. True valour.</td><td align='left'>30. Death.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"PAMPHLETS</p>
+
+<p>Are the weekly almanacks, shewing what weather is in the state, which,
+like the doves of Aleppo, carry news to every part of the kingdom. They
+are the silent traytors that affront majesty, and abuse all authority,
+under the colour of an <i>Imprimatur</i>. Ubiquitary flies that have of late so
+blistered the eares of all men, that they cannot endure any solid truth.
+The ecchoes, whereby what is done in part of the kingdome, is heard all
+over. They are like the mushromes, sprung up in a night, and dead in a
+day; and such is the greedinesse of men's natures (in these Athenian
+dayes) of new, that they will rather feigne then want it."</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DR_220" id="Footnote_DR_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DR_220"><span class="label">[DR]</span></a> (MS. interlineation in a copy among the King's pamphlets.)</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxiv" id="bxxiv"></a>xxiv. <i>Character of a London Diurnal</i>, 4to. 1647. [This was written by
+Cleveland, and has been printed in the various editions of his poems.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxv" id="bxxv"></a>xxv. <i>Character of an Agitator. Printed in the Yeare 1647. 4to. pp. 7.</i></p>
+
+<p>This concludes with the following epitome&mdash;"Hee was begotten of Lilburne
+(with Overton's helpe) in Newgate, nursed up by Cromwell, at first by the
+army, tutored by Mr. Peters, counselled by Mr. Walwin and Musgarve,
+patronised by Mr. Martin, (who sometimes sits in counsell with them,
+though a member) and is like to dye no where but at Tyburne, and that
+speedily, if hee repent not and reforme his erronious judgement, and his
+seditious treasonable practises against king, parliament, and martiall
+discipline itselfe. Finis."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxvi" id="bxxvi"></a>xxvi. In Mr. Brand's Sale Catalogue, No. 1754, we have <i>The Surfeit to
+A.B.C.</i> 8vo. Lond. 1656, which is there represented to consist of
+<i>Characters</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxvii" id="bxxvii"></a>xxvii. <i>Characters of a Temporizer and an Antiquary.</i> [In "<i>Naps upon
+Parnassus</i>," 8vo. 1658. See the Censura Literaria, vol. vi. p. 225; vol.
+vii. p. 341.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxviii" id="bxxviii"></a>xxviii. <i>Satyrical Characters, and handsom Descriptions, in Letters</i>, 8vo.
+1658. [Catalogue of Thomas Britton the Small Coal Man, 4to, p. 19. No.
+102.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxix" id="bxxix"></a>xxix. <i>A Character of England, as it was lately presented in a Letter to a
+Noble-man of France. With Reflections upon Gallus Castratus. The third
+Edition. London. Printed for John Crooke, and are to be sold at the Ship
+in St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1659.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>(12mo. pp. 66, title and preface 20 more.)</p>
+
+<p>This very severe satire upon the English nation was replied to in the
+following publication.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxx" id="bxxx"></a>xxx. <i>A Character of France, to which is added Gallus Castratus, or an
+Answer to a late slanderous Pamphlet, called the Character of England. Si
+talia nefanda et facinora quis non Democritus? London, Printed for Nath.
+Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1659.</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxi" id="bxxxi"></a>xxxi. <i>A perfect Description of the People and Country of Scotland.
+London. Printed for J. S. 1659.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>(12mo. pp. 21. besides the title.)</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxii" id="bxxxii"></a>xxxii. <i>A brief Character of the Low Countries under the States, being
+Three Weeks Observation of the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants. Non
+seria semper. London, printed for H. S. and are to be sold by H. Lowndes,
+at the White Lion in St. Paul's Church Yard, neer the little North Door,
+1659.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>(12mo. pp. 500. title, &amp;c. 6 more.)</p>
+
+<p>Written by Owen Feltham, and appended to the several folio editions of his
+<i>Resolves</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxiii" id="bxxxiii"></a>xxxiii. <i>The Character of Italy: Or, The Italian Anatomiz'd by an English
+Chirurgion. Difficile est Satyram non scribere. London: Printed for Nath.
+Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhil. 1660.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. pp. 93, title and preface 12 more.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxiv" id="bxxxiv"></a>xxxiv. <i>The Character of Spain: Or, An Epitome of Their Virtues and
+Vices.</i></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; <i>Adeo sunt multa, loquacem</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Ut lassare queant Fabium.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'><i>London: Printed for Nath. Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhil. 1660.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. pp. 93, title, &amp;c. 12 more.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxv" id="bxxxv"></a>xxxv. <i>Essayes and Characters, by L. G.</i> 8vo. 1661.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[See Brand's <i>Sale Catalogue</i>, No. 1754.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxvi" id="bxxxvi"></a>xxxvi. <i>The Assembly-man. Written in the Year 1647. London: Printed for
+Richard Marriot, and are to be sold at his shop under St. Dunstan's
+Church, in Fleet-street, 1662-3<a name="FNanchor_DS_221" id="FNanchor_DS_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_DS_221" class="fnanchor">[DS]</a>.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. pp. 22.]</p>
+
+<p>Sir John Birkenhead was the author of this character, which was printed
+again in 1681, and in 1704 with the following title, "<i>The Assembly-man.
+Written in the Year 1647; but proves the true character of (Cerberus) the
+observator</i>, <span class="smcap">mdcciv</span>." It was also reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>,
+v. 93. For an account of the author, see the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>,
+edit. Kippis, ii. 324.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DS_221" id="Footnote_DS_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DS_221"><span class="label">[DS]</span></a> With a very curious and rare frontispiece.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxvii" id="bxxxvii"></a>xxxvii. <i>Fifty-five<a name="FNanchor_DT_222" id="FNanchor_DT_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_DT_222" class="fnanchor">[DT]</a> Enigmatical Characters, all very exactly drawn to
+the Life, from several Persons, Humours, Dispositions. Pleasant and full
+of Delight. By R. F. Esq.; London: Printed for William Crook, at the sign
+of the Three Bibles on Fleet-bridge. 1665<a name="FNanchor_DU_223" id="FNanchor_DU_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_DU_223" class="fnanchor">[DU]</a>.</i>"</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[8vo. pp. 135, title, index, &amp;c. not numbered, 11 more.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Richard Flecknoe, the author of these characters, is more known from
+having his name affixed to one of the severest satires ever written by
+Dryden, than from any excellence of his own as a poet or dramatic writer.
+Mr. Reed conceives him to have been a Jesuit, and Pope terms him an Irish
+priest. Langbaine says, that "his acquaintance with the nobility was more
+than with the muses, and he had a greater propensity to rhyming, than a
+genius to poetry." As a proof of the former assertion the Duke of
+Newcastle prefixed two copies of verses to his characters, in which he
+calls Flecknoe "his worthy friend," and says:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Flecknoe, thy characters are so full of wit<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And fancy, as each word is throng'd with it.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Each line's a volume, and who reads would swear<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Whole libraries were in each character.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor arrows in a quiver stuck, nor yet<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Lights in the starry skies are thicker set,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor quills upon the armed porcupine,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Than wit and fancy in this work of thine.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+<p class='right'>W. Newcastle."</p>
+
+<p>To confirm the latter, requires only the perusal of his verses, which were
+published in 1653, under the title of <i>Miscellania</i>. Besides these, he
+wrote five<a name="FNanchor_DV_224" id="FNanchor_DV_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_DV_224" class="fnanchor">[DV]</a> dramatic pieces, the titles of which may be found in the
+<i>Biographia Dramatica</i>; a collection of <i>Epigrams</i>, 8vo. 1670; <i>Ten Years
+Travels in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span> Europe.&mdash;A short Discourse of the English Stage</i>, affixed to
+<i>Love's Dominion</i>, 8vo. 1654; <i>The Idea of his Highness Oliver, late Lord
+Protector, &amp;c.</i> 8vo. 1659. &amp;c. &amp;c.<a name="FNanchor_DW_225" id="FNanchor_DW_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_DW_225" class="fnanchor">[DW]</a></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>"CHARACTER OF A VALIANT MAN."&mdash;(page 61.)</p>
+
+<p>"He is onely a man; your coward and rash being but tame and savage beasts.
+His courage is still the same, and drink cannot make him more valiant, nor
+danger lesse. His valour is enough to leaven whole armies, he is an army
+himself worth an army of other men. His sword is not alwayes out like
+children's daggers, but he is alwayes last in beginning quarrels, though
+first in ending them. He holds honour (though delicate as chrystall) yet
+not so slight and brittle to be broak and crackt with every touch;
+therefore (though most wary of it,) is not querilous nor punctilious. He
+is never troubled with passion, as knowing no degree beyond clear courage,
+and is alwayes valiant, but never furious. He is the more gentle i' th'
+chamber, more fierce he's in the field, holding boast (the coward's
+valour,) and cruelty (the beast's,) unworthy a valiant man. He is only
+coward in this, that he dares not do an unhandsome action. In fine, he can
+onely be evercome by discourtesie, and has but one deffect&mdash;he cannot talk
+much&mdash;to recompence which he dos the more."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DT_222" id="Footnote_DT_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DT_222"><span class="label">[DT]</span></a> I omit to particularize these characters, as many of the
+titles are extremely long&mdash;"of a lady of excellent conversation. Of one
+that is the foyle of good conversation." &amp;c. &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DU_223" id="Footnote_DU_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DU_223"><span class="label">[DU]</span></a> Mr. Reed possessed a copy, dated in 1658. See his
+<i>Catalogue</i>, No. 2098.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DV_224" id="Footnote_DV_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DV_224"><span class="label">[DV]</span></a> Langbaine notices a prologue intended for a play, called
+<i>The Physician against his Will</i>, which he thinks was never published. A
+MS. note in my copy of the <i>Dramatic Poets</i>, says it was printed in 1712.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DW_225" id="Footnote_DW_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DW_225"><span class="label">[DW]</span></a> The Bodleian library contains "<i>The Affections of a pious
+Soule, unto our Saviour-Christ. Expressed in a mixed treatise of verse and
+prose. By Richard Flecknoe.</i>" 8vo. 1640. This I can scarcely consent to
+give to <i>Mac</i> Flecknoe, as in the address "To the Town Reader," the author
+informs us that, "ashamed of the many idle hours he has spent, and to
+avoid the expence of more, he has retired from the town"&mdash;and we are
+certain that <i>Mac</i> resided there long after.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxviii" id="bxxxviii"></a>xxxviii. <i>The Character of a Coffee-house, with the symptoms of a
+Town-witt. With Allowance. April 11, 1673. London, Printed for Jonathan
+Edwin, at the Three Roses in Ludgate-street, 1673.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Folio, reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, with an answer to it, vol.
+vi. 429-433.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxxxix" id="bxxxix"></a>xxxix. <i>Essays of Love and Marriage: Being Letters written by two
+Gentlemen, one dissuading from Love, the other an Answer thereunto. With
+some Characters, and other Passages of Wit.</i></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; <i>Si quando gravabere curis,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>H&aelig;c lege, pro moest&aelig; medicamine mentis habeto.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class='center'><i>London, Printed for H. Brome, at the Gun in St. Paul's Church-yard,
+1673.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. pp. 103, title, &amp;c. 4 more.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxl" id="bxl"></a>xl. <i>The Character of a Fanatick. By a Person of Quality. London. 1675.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. pp. 8. Reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, vii. 596.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxli" id="bxli"></a></p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>xli. <i>Character</i></td><td align='left'><i>of a Towne Gallant</i></td><td align='left' rowspan='11'><span style='font-size: 18em'>}</span></td><td align='left' rowspan='11'>1675.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a Towne Miss</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of an honest drunken Curr</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a pilfering Taylor</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of an Exchange Wench</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a Sollicitor</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a Scold</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of an ill Husband</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a Dutchman</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a Pawnbroker</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'><i>of a Tally Man</i></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p class='center'>[4to. See <i>Sale Catalogue</i> of George Steevens, Esq. 8vo. London, 1800,
+page 66, No. 1110.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxlii" id="bxlii"></a>xlii. <i>A Whip for a Jockey: or, a Character of an Horse-courser. 1677.
+London, Printed for R. H. 1677.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[8vo. pp. 29.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxliii" id="bxliii"></a>xliii. <i>Four for a Penny, or Poor Robin's Character of an unconscionable
+Pawnbroker, and Ear-mark of an oppressing Tally-man; with a friendly
+Description of a Bum-bailey, and his merciless setting cur, or follower.
+With Allowance. London, Printed for L. C. 1678.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, vol. iv. p. 141.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxliv" id="bxliv"></a>xliv. <i>Character of an ugly Woman: or, a Hue and Cry after Beauty</i>, in
+prose, written (by the Duke of Buckingham) in 1678. See Lord Orford's
+<i>Royal and Noble Authors</i>, by Park, iii. 309.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxlv" id="bxlv"></a>xlv. <i>Character of a disbanded Courtier. Ingenium Galb&aelig; male habitat.
+1681.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Folio, pp. 2. Reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, i. 356.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxlvi" id="bxlvi"></a>xlvi. <i>Character of a certain ugly old P&mdash;&mdash;. London, Printed in the Year
+1684.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[In Oldham's <i>Works</i>, 8vo. London, 1684.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxlvii" id="bxlvii"></a>xlvii. <i>Twelve ingenious Characters: or pleasant Descriptions of the
+Properties of sundry Persons and Things, viz.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>An importunate dunn; a serjeant or bailiff; a paunbroker; a prison; a
+tavern; a scold; a bad husband; a town-fop; a bawd; a fair and happy
+milk-maid; the quack's directory; a young enamourist.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Licensed, June the 2d, 1681. R. P. London, printed for S. Norris, and are
+to be sold by most booksellers, 1686.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[12mo. pp. 48.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p class='center'><a name="bxlviii" id="bxlviii"></a>xlviii. <i>Character of a Trimmer. By Sir William Coventry. 1689.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. See <i>Bibliotheca Harleiana</i>, v. 4278.]</p>
+
+<p>This was written long before publication, as is proved by the following.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bxlix" id="bxlix"></a>xlix. <i>Character of a Tory in 1659, in answer to that of a Trimmer (never
+published) both written in King Charles's reign.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Reprinted in the <i>Works of George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham</i>.
+4to. Lond. 1721.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bl" id="bl"></a>l. <i>Characters addressed to Ladies of Age.</i> 8vo. <i>Lond.</i> 1689.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Brand's <i>Sale Catalogue</i>, p. 66, No. 1747.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bli" id="bli"></a>li. <i>The Ceremony-monger, his Character, in six Chapters, &amp;c. &amp;c. By E.
+Hickeringill, Rector of the Rectory of All-Saints, in Colchester. London,
+Printed and are to be sold by George Larkin, at the Two Swans, without
+Bishopsgate. 1689.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. pp. 66.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="blii" id="blii"></a>lii. <i>Character of a Jacobite. 1690.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. See <i>Bibl. Harl.</i> v. No. 4279.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The following are without date, but were probably printed before 1700<a name="FNanchor_DX_226" id="FNanchor_DX_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_DX_226" class="fnanchor">[DX]</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DX_226" id="Footnote_DX_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DX_226"><span class="label">[DX]</span></a> In Butler's <i>Remains</i>, published by Thyer, 2 vols. 8vo.
+1759, are several <i>Characters</i> by the author of <i>Hudibras</i>, and
+consequently written previously to this date, but as they do not appear to
+have been printed so early, they cannot, with propriety, be included in
+this list.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bliii" id="bliii"></a>liii. <i>Character of an Ill-court-favourite, translated from the French.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[4to. reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, ii. 50.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="bliv" id="bliv"></a>liv. <i>Character of an honest and worthy Parliament-Man.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Folio, reprinted in the <i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, ii. 336.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="blv" id="blv"></a>lv. <i>Characterism, or the Modern Age displayed.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[Brand's <i>Sale Catalogue</i>, No. 1757.]</p>
+
+
+<p><i>Character of the Presbyterian Pastors and People of Scotland.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>Bibl. Harleiana</i>, v. No. 4280.]</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 35%;" />
+<p><a name="blvii" id="blvii"></a>vii. <i>Character of a compleat Physician or Naturalist<a name="FNanchor_DY_227" id="FNanchor_DY_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_DY_227" class="fnanchor">[DY]</a>.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>Bibl. Harleiana</i>, v. No. 4304.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DY_227" id="Footnote_DY_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DY_227"><span class="label">[DY]</span></a> In the extracts made from the foregoing series of
+<i>Characters</i>, the original orthography has been most scrupulously attended
+to, in order to assist in shewing the progress and variation of the
+English language.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS" id="ADDITIONAL_NOTES_AND_CORRECTIONS"></a>ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, line 18, for <i>ports</i> read <i>sports</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, line 9, "<i>table-book.</i>" The custom of writing in
+table-books, or, as it was then expressed, "in tables," is
+noticed, and instances given in Reed's <i>Shakspeare</i>, vi, 13.
+xii, 170. xviii, 88. Dr. Farmer adduces a passage very
+applicable to the text, from Hall's character of the
+<i>hypocrite</i>. "He will ever sit where he may be seene best,
+and in the midst of the sermon pulles out his <i>tables</i> in
+haste, as if he feared to loose that note," &amp;c. Decker, in
+his <i>Guls Hornebooke</i>, page 8, speaking to his readers,
+says, "out with your <i>tables</i>," &amp;c.
+</p>
+
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, note 6.&mdash;This is also mentioned in <i>Whimzies</i>, 8vo. 1631,
+p. 57. "Hee must now betake himself to prayer and devotion;
+<i>remember the founder, benefactors, head, and members of
+that famous foundation</i>: all which he performes with as much
+zeale as an actor after the end of a play, when hee prayes
+for his majestie, the lords of his most honourable privie
+councell, and all that love the king."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, note 10.&mdash;From a subsequent edition, obligingly pointed
+out to me by the rev. Mr. arch-deacon Nares, I find that
+this also is a translation: <i>Regimen Sanitatis Salerni. This
+booke teachyng all people<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span> to gouerne the in health, is
+translated out of the Latine tongue into Englishe, by Thomas
+Paynell, whiche booke is amended, augmented, and diligently
+imprinted. 1575.</i> Colophon. &para; <i>Jmprynted at London, by
+Wyllyam How, for Abraham Ueale.</i> The preface says, that it
+was compiled for the use "of the moste noble and victorious
+kynge of England, and of Fraunce, by all the doctours in
+Phisicke of the Uniuersitie of Salerne."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, line 17, "<i>door-posts</i>."&mdash;It was usual for public
+officers to have painted or gilded posts at their doors, on
+which proclamations, and other documents of that
+description, were placed, in order to be read by the
+populace. See various allusions to this custom, in Reed's
+<i>Shakspeare</i>, v. 267. <i>Old Plays</i>, iii. 303. The
+<i>reformation</i> means that they were, in the language of our
+modern churchwardens, "repaired and beautified," during the
+reign of our alderman.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, line 11, for <i>Gollobelgicus</i> read <i>Gallobelgicus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, line 15. "<i>post and pair</i>" was a game at cards, of which
+I can give no description. The author of the <i>Compleat
+Gamester</i> notices it as "very much played in the West of
+England." See Dodsley's <i>Old Plays</i>, 1780. vii. 296.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, line 12&mdash;"<i>guarded with more gold lace</i>." The word
+<i>guarded</i> is continually used by the writers of the
+sixteenth century for <i>fringed</i> or <i>adorned</i>. See Reed's
+<i>Shakspeare</i>, vii. 272. <i>Old Plays</i>, iv. 36.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, line 15, "<i>clout</i>." Shakspeare (Cymbeline, act iv. scene
+2.) uses the expression of <i>clouted brogues</i>, which Mr.
+Steevens explains to be "shoes strengthened with <i>clout</i> or
+<i>hob-nails</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, line 9, "<i>dragon that pursued the woman.</i>" Evidently an
+allusion to <i>Revelations</i>, xii. 15.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, note 8, line 15, for <i>Styla</i> read <i>Hyla</i> in both
+instances.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, note 10, line 5, for <i>Leiden</i> read <i>Leyden</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, line 3, "Their humanity is a <i>leg to the residencer</i>."
+A <i>leg</i> here signifies a <i>bow</i>. Decker says, "a jewe neuer
+weares his cap threedbare with putting it off; neuer bends
+i' th' hammes with <i>casting away a leg</i>, &amp;c." <i>Guls
+Hornebooke.</i> p. 11.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, note 1, for <i>spunge</i> read <i>sponge</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, line 4, for <i>spera</i> read <i>spero</i>.</p>
+
+<p>ib. line 30, for <i>conjesta</i> read <i>congesta</i>.</p>
+
+<p>ib. line 31, for <i>susuperavit</i> read <i>superavit</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, line 11, for <i>Jude</i> read <i>Inde</i>: for <i>ferucat</i> read
+<i>ferueat</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, line 7, for <i>whosc</i> read <i>whose</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Several errors and inaccuracies of less consequence than those here
+pointed out, will probably be discovered. These were occasioned by the
+editor's distance from the press, and he requests the gentle reader to
+pardon and correct them.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='trnote'>Transcriber's note:<br />
+Despite a valiant effort to the contrary some additional transcription
+errors may have slipped through during the preparation of this e-text.
+We can't blame the distance between the editor and the press.
+Please forward any corrections to Project Gutenberg errata.</p>
+
+
+<p>The <i>Inscription</i>, No. <a href="#No_X">x</a>. of the <i>Appendix</i>, should have been entirely
+omitted. The following extract from Guillim's <i>Heraldry</i>, shews that
+Bishop Earle could not have been connected with the Streglethorp family,
+since, if he had, there would have been no occasion for a new grant of
+armorial bearings.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"He beareth <i>ermine</i>, on a chief indented sable, three
+eastern crowns or, by the name of <i>Earles</i>. This coat was
+granted by <i>Sir Edward Walker</i>, garter, the 1st of August,
+1660, to the Reverend Dr. <i>John Earles</i>, son of <i>Thomas
+Earles</i>, gent, sometime Register of the Archbishop's Court
+at York. He was Dean of <i>Westminster</i>, and Clerk of the
+Closet to his Majesty King <i>Charles</i> the Second; and in the
+year 1663, made Bishop of <i>Salisbury</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Guillim's <i>Heraldry</i>, folio. Lond. 1724. p. 282.</p>
+
+<p>It is almost unnecessary to add that I was not aware of this grant, when I
+compiled the short account of Earle, at page <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, and spoke of my
+inability to give any information relative to his parents.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX.</h2>
+
+
+
+<ul><li>Abishaes, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Abithaes, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Abraham-man, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Achitophel, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Acquaintance, Character of, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Aeneas, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Affected man, character of, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Affections of a pious Soule,</i> by Richard Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Alderman, character of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Aleppo, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Alexis of Piedmont, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Alfred, king, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Allmayne, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>All's well that ends well</i>, by Shakspeare, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Allot, Robert, <a href="#Page_li">li</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Almanack in the bones, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Alresford, Hampshire, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ames, Mr. <a href="#Page_lx">lx</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Amsterdam, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Anatomy of Melancholly</i>, by Burton, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Angglear, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Antem-morte, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Antiquary, character of, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Aristophanes, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Aristotle, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Arminian, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Arminius, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ashmole's Museum, Oxford, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Atkinson, Mr. <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Atkyns, Sir Robert, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Athen&aelig; Oxonienses</i>, by Wood, <a href="#Page_l">l</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Attorney, character of, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Austin, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Awdeley, John, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Baal, priests of, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Babel, tower of, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bagster, Richard, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Baker, character of a, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bales, Peter, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bardolph, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Barnes, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Barnes, Juliana, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Barrington, Daines, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Barton, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Barwick, Dr. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>. <i>Life of</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bawdy-basket, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bayle, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Beaumont, Francis, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Beau's Duel</i>, by Mrs. Centlivre, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bedford, Earl of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bellarmine, Cardinal, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Belman of London</i>, by Decker, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.
+<ul><li>Copy, with Burton's MS. notes, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Benar, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bene, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Benjamin, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Benjamin's mess, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bessus, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bethlem, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Bible</i>, printed at Geneva, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Bibliographia Poetica</i>, by Ritson, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Bibliotheca Harleiana</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Biographia Britannica</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Biographia Dramatica</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Birkenhead, Sir John, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bishopstone, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Blackfriar's, play at, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Blomefield's <i>History of Norfolk</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Blount, Edward, <a href="#Page_xlix">xlix</a>, <a href="#Page_l">l</a>, <a href="#Page_li">li</a>, <a href="#Page_lx">lx</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Blount, Ralph, <a href="#Page_lx">lx</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Blunt man, character of, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bobadil, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bodleian Library, Oxford, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Boke of hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshinge</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bold forward man, character of, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bong, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Books, mode of placing them in old libraries, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bord, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Borgia, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bouge, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Boulster, Lecture</i>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bourne, Nicholas, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bouse, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bousing-ken, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bowl-alley, character of, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Brachigraphy, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Brand, Mr. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bread used in England in the sixteenth century, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Breeches, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Breton, captain, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Breton, Nicholas, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.
+<ul><li>  <i>Life of</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li><i>Breton's Longing</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bridewell, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Britannicus, his pedigree, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>British Bibliographer</i>, by Brydges, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li>
+
+<li>British Museum, <a href="#Page_li">li</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>British Topography</i>, by Gough, an addition to, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Britton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Brownist, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bucephalus, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bukingham, duke of, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Bullen, earl of, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Burford, Oxfordshire, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Burroughs, Sir John, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.
+<ul><li>  <i>Lines on</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Burton, Robert, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Butler, Samuel, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Butter, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Buttery, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Byng, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>C. F. <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li>Caeling cheat, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>C&aelig;sar, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li>
+
+<li>C&aelig;sars, the, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Calais sands, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cambridge, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Camden, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Canaries, a dance, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Canary, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cant phrases, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Capel, Mr. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Carrier, character of a, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Carte, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Casaubon, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cassan, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cassel, siege of, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Catalogue of Compounders for their Estates</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cato, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Caveat for Commen Cursetors</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Censura Literaria</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Centlivre, Mrs. <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Centoes, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Century of Inventions</i>, by the Marquis of Worcester, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cerberus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chalmers, Mr. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cham, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chandler, R. <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an agitator</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span></li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an antiquary</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an assemblyman</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an untrue bishop</i>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a ceremony-monger</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a coffee-house</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a disbanded courtier</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an ill-court-favourite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an honest drunken cur</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a Dutchman</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of England</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an exchange-wench</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a fanatic</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of France</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a town-gallant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a horse-courser</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an ill husband</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of the hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a Jacobite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of Italy</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a London diurnal</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of the Low Countries</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an Oxford incendiary</i>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a certain ugly old P&mdash;&mdash;</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an honest and worthy parliament man</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a pawn-broker</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a complete physician, or naturalist</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of the Presbyterian pastors and people of Scotland</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a projector</i>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a scold</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of Scotland</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a solicitor</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of Spain</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a tally-man</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a pilfering taylor</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a temporizer</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a tory</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a town miss</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span></li>
+
+<li><i>Character of a trimmer</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Character of an ugly woman</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Characters: List of books containing characters, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Characters, by Butler, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Characters and Elegies</i>, by Wortley, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Characters upon Essaies</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Characters addressed to Ladies</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Characters of virtues and vices, by bishop Hall</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Characterism, or the modern age displayed</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Characters, twelve ingenious; or pleasant descriptions</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Charles I. <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Charles II. <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Charles, Prince, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chates, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chaucer, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cheap, cross in, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chess-play, verses on, by Breton, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chete, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Child, character of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Christ-church, Oxford, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Christmas, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Chuck, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Church-papist, character of, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Cinthia's Revenge</i>, by Stephens, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Citizen, character of a mere gull, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>City Match</i>, by Mayne, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Clarendon, Lord, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.
+<ul><li>  His character of Earle, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li><i>Clerke's Tale</i>, by Chaucer, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cleveland, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cliff, Lord, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Clitus-Alexandrinus, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Clout, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Clye, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cocke, J. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cocke Lorell, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Cocke Lorelles Bote</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cofe, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Colchester, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>College butler, character of, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Comments on books, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Compleat gamester</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Complimental man, character of, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Conceited man, character of, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Conceited pedlar</i>, by Randolph, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Constable, character of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Constantinople, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Contemplative man, character of, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cook, character of a, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cooper, Mrs. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Corranto-coiner, character of, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Couched, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Coventry, Sir William, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Councellor, character of a worthy, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Councellor, character of an unworthy, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Counterfet cranke, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Country knight, character of, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Courtier, character of, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Coward, character of, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cowardliness, essay on, in verse, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Coxeter, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cranke, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cressey, Hugh, his character of Earle, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cramprings, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Crimchan, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Critic, character of, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cromwell, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Crooke, Andrew, <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cuffen, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cupid, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Cure for the itch</i>, by H. P. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cut, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Dallison, Maximilian, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dances, old, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Danet, Thomas, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Danvers, Lord, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Darius, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Darkemans, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>David, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Davies of Hereford, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dear year, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Deboshments, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Decker, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dele, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Demaunder for glymmar, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Demetrius, Charles, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Denny, Lord Edward, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Description of unthankfulnesse</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Detractor, character of a, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Deuseauyel, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Digby, Sir Kenelm, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dinascoso, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dining in Pauls, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dinners given by the sheriff, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dioclesian, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Discontented man, character of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Discourse of the English stage</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Divine, character of a grave, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dole, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dommerar, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Door-posts, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Douce, Mr. <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Doves of Aleppo, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Doxe, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dragon that pursued the woman, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Dramatic Poets</i>, by Langbaine, <a href="#Page_xlix">xlix</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Drugger, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Drunkard, character of, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dryden, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dudes, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dunton, John, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Duppa, Dr. <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Dutchmen, their love for rotten cheese, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Earle, Bishop, <a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a>, <a href="#Page_l">l</a>, <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>:
+<ul>
+<li>  Life of, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, &amp;c.</li>
+<li>  Characters of, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>:</li>
+<li>  list of his works, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>:</li>
+<li>  name of Earle, <a href="#Page_lvii">lvii</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+<li>Earle, Sir Richard, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Earle, Thomas, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Earthquake in Germany, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Ecclesiastical Polity</i>, by Hooker, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>,
+<ul><li>  translated into Latin, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Edward I. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Effeminate fool, character of, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li><ins class="greek" title="Eik&ocirc;n Basilik&ecirc;">&#917;&#953;&#954;&#969;&#957; &#914;&#945;&#963;&#953;&#955;&#953;&#954;&#951;</ins> <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>,
+<ul><li>  dedication to the Latin translation, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Eleven of the clock, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth, queen, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ellinor, queen, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ellis, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ellis, Henry, <a href="#Page_li">li</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Empty wit, character of an, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Endor, witch of, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>England, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>England's selected characters</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>English Gentleman</i>, by Brathwait, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Epigrams</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Epigrams</i>, by H. P. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Esau, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Essayes and Characters</i>, by L. G. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span></li>
+
+<li><i>Essays and characters of a prison</i>, by Mynshul, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Essays of Love and Marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Essex, Lord, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>,
+<ul><li>  "lord of Essex' measures," a dance, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li><i>Every Man in his Humour</i>, by Ben Jonson, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Euphormio, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Excellent vercis worthey Imitation</i>, supposed by Breton, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Eyes upon noses, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Elyot, Sir Thomas, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>F. R. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li>F. T. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fabricius, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Falcons, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Falstaff, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Farley, William, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Farmer, Dr. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Feltham, Owen, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fiddler, character of a poor, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Fifty-five enigmatical characters</i>, by R. F. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Figures</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Figure of foure</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fines, Catherine, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fines, Mary, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fines, Sir William, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Finical, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fires, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Fishing</i>, treatise on, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Flagge, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Flatterer, character of a, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Flecknoe, Richard, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fleming, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fletcher, John, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Flitchman, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Florio, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ford, T. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Formal man, character of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Four of the clock, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Four for a penny; or poor Robin's characters</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Four prentises of London</i>, by Heywood, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>France, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Frater, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Fraternitye of Vacabondes</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Fresh-water Mariner, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Freze, white, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Frieze jerkins, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Frost, great, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Funeral Monuments</i>, by Weever, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>G. L. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Gage, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Galen, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gallant, character of an idle, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gallobelgicus, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Gallus Castratus</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gallye slops, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gavel-kind, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gee and ree, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Geneva bible, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Geneva print, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gennet, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Germany, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gerry, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gigges, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gilding of the cross, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gildon's <i>Lives of the English Dramatic poets</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Giles's, St. Church, Oxford, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Girding, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Glossographia Anglicana Nova</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gloucester cathedral, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Gloucestershire, History of</i>, by Atkyns, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Goddard, author of the <i>Mastif-whelp</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li>God's judgments, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gold hat-bands, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gold tassels, worn by noblemen at the University, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Good and the bad</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Governour</i>, by Sir Thomas Elyot, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gough, Mr. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gown of an alderman, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Granger, Mr. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Great man, character of a meer, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Greek's collections, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Grunting chete, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gryffith, William, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Guarded with gold lace, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Guillim, John, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gull in plush, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Gul's Hornebooke</i>, by Decker, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Gygger, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Hall, Bishop, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Harleian Miscellany</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Harman, Thomas, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Harmanes, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Harrison, William, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hart-hall, Oxford, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Haslewood, Mr. <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hawking, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hawkins, Sir John, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hay, James Lord, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hederby, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Hemingford, Huntingdonshire, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Henry the Fourth</i>, by Shakspeare, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Henry VI. <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Henry VII. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Henry VIII. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Herald, character of an, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Heraldry</i>, Treatise on, by Guillim, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Herbert, Mr. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Heylin, Peter, account of, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>
+<ul><li>  &mdash;inscription on his monument, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Heyne, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Heywood, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hickeringill, E. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>High-spirited man, character of, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hill, Mr. <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hippocrates, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>History of England</i>, by Carte, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Histrio-mastix</i>, by Prynne, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hobby, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hogeshed, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hogg, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hogged poney, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hoker, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Holinshed, Raphael, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Holt, in Germany, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Honest man, character of an ordinary, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hooker, Richard, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hool, Samuel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Hor&aelig; Subseciv&aelig;</i>, <a href="#Page_xlix">xlix</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Horse-race terms, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Hortus Mertonensis</i>, a poem by Earle, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Hospitall of Incurable Fooles</i>, <a href="#Page_lx">lx</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hostess, character of a handsome, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Houghton, Sir Gilbert, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Houghton in the Spring, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Howell, James, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Hudibras</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Huggeringe, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hugger-mugger, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hungarian, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hunting, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Husband</i>, a poem, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hygh-pad, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hypocrite, character of a she precise, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Jacob, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jail-bird, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li>
+
+<li>James I. <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+
+<li>James II. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Jarke, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jarke-man, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Idea of his highness Oliver</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jealous man, character of, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jennet, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jerusalem, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jesses, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jesuits, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ignoramus, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Illustrious wife</i>, by Giles Oldisworth, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Imputation, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Inquisition, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Insolent man, character of, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li>John Dory, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li>
+
+<li>John's, St. College, Oxford, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Johnson, Richard, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jonathan, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jonson, Ben, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>:
+<ul><li>  Lines by, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Jordans, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Isbosheth, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Islip, Oxfordshire, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Juliana Barnes, or Berners, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Jump, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Keckerman, Bartholomew, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Keep, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ken or Kene, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Kennett, White, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>:
+<ul><li>  his character of Earle, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Kent, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Kent, maid of, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li>
+
+<li>King's bench prison, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Kippis, Dr. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Knight, character of a country, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Kynchin-co, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Kynchin-morte, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Lage, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lagge, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lambarde, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lambeth-palace, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Langbaine, <a href="#Page_xlix">xlix</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Laquei ridiculosi</i>, by H. P. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lascivious man, character of, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Laud, Bishop, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Laurence, St. <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Leg to the residencer, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Legs in hands, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Legerdemain, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Legh, Anne, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li><a name="Legh" id="Legh"></a>Legh, Sir Edward, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Leicester, Earl of, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Leigh, see <a href="#Legh">Legh</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Le Neve, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Lent, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Letters</i>, by Howell, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Life and Errors of John Dunton</i>, by himself, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Life of Ruddiman</i>, by Chalmers, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lilburne, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lilly, <a href="#Page_xlix">xlix</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lipken, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lipped, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lipsius, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>London, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</li>
+
+<li>London-bridge, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>London and country carbonadoed</i>, by Lupton, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>London Spy</i>, by Ward, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Long-lane, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Long pavian, a dance, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Love's Dominion</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Low Countries, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>:
+<ul><li>  <i>Brief Character of</i>, by <i>Felltham</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Lowre, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lucian, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ludgate, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lupton, Donald, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lybbege, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lycosthenes, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Lyghtmans, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>M. G. <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li>
+
+<li>M. R. <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Macbeth</i>, by Shakspeare, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mac-Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Machiavel, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Magdalen College, Oxford, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Maid, a Poem of</i>, by Salstonstall, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Maid's Tragedy</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mainwaring, Matthew, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>:
+<ul><li>  family of, ib.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Make, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Malaga wine, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Malone, Mr. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Man, Samuel, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Manchet, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mars, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Martial, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Martin, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mary's, St. Church, Oxford, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Mastif Whelp</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Mastive or young whelpe of the old dogge</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Maund, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Maurice of Nassau, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mayne, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Meddling-man, character of, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Medicis, Francis de, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Melpomene, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Memoirs of the Peers of England</i>, by Brydges, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Menander, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Menippus, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mephibosheth, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Meres, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Merry Devil of Edmonton</i>, a Comedy, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Merton-College, Oxford, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Microcosmography</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.
+<ul><li>  Editions of, <a href="#Page_li">li</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li><i>Micrologia</i>, by R. M. <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Minshall-hall, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Minshew, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Miraculous Newes from the Cittie of Holt</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Miscellania</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Modest man, character of, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Monson, Sir Thomas, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Monster out of Germany, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Monthly Mirror</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Monument of Earle, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Monumenta Anglicana</i>, by Le Neve, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Moorfields, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mooted, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>More the Merrier</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Morley, Dr. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mort, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Mother's Blessing</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Mouse-trap</i>, by H. P. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Munster, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Murdered bodies supposed to bleed at the approach of the murderer, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Musgarve, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Musick, history of</i>, by Sir John Hawkins, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Myll, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mynshul, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mynshul, Geffray, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Nabeker, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nabes, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Namptwich, Cheshire, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Naps upon Parnassus</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nares, Mr. <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nase, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Navy of England, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nero, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Netherlands, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>New Anatomie, or character of a Christian or round-head</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Newcastle, Duke of, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>:
+<ul><li>  lines by, ib.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li><i>New Custome</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span></li>
+
+<li><i>Newes of this present week</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Newgate, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Newman, Sir Thomas, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nine Muses, a dance, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Nine Worthies</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nireus, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Noah's flood, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nonconformist, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Norfolk, History of</i>, by Blomefield, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li>
+
+<li>North, Lord, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Northern nations, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Norton, Northamptonshire, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nose, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Nyp, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Oldham, Mr. <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Oldisworth Giles, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Old man, character of a good, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li>
+
+<li>One and thirty, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Orford, Lord, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Osborne, Francis, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Overbury, Sir Thomas, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Overton, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Oxford, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>P. H. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pad, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Painted cloth, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pallyarde, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pamphlets, character of, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Paracelsus, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Park, Mr. <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Park, Mr. John James, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Parrot, Henry, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Parson, character of a poor, from Chaucer, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Partial man, character of, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Passion of a discontented minde</i>, supposed by Breton, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Passions of the Spirit</i>, supposed by Breton, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Patrico, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pavian, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Paul V. pope, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Paul's, St. Church, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Paul's-cross, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;
+<ul><li>  penance at, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Paul's man, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Paul's walk, character of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Paul's walk, <a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a>:
+<ul><li>  time of walking there, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Paynell, Thomas, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pecke, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pegasus, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, Henry, earl of, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, Philip, earl of, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, William, earl of, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>:
+<ul><li>  lines on, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Percy, bishop, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Peters, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Peter's, St. Church, Oxford, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pharoah, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Philaster</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Philip II. of Spain, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Ph&#339;nix Nest</i>, by R. S. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Physician against his will</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Physician, character of a dull, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pick-thank, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Pictur&aelig; Loquentes</i>, by Saltonstall, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pierce, character of Earle, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Pierce Penilesse</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pineda, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Plausible man, character of, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Plautus, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Player, characters of, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Pleasant walkes of Moorefields</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Plodding student, character of, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Plutarch, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pluto, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Points, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Poland, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ponsonby, William, <a href="#Page_lx">lx</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Poor man, character of, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Poor Tom, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pope, A. <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Popplar of Yarum, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Poste</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Post and pair, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pot-poet, character of, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Practice of Piety</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pratt, Mr. <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prauncer, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prayer for the college, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prayer at the end of a play, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prayer used before the university, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Preacher, character of a young raw, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Pretender to learning, character of, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prigger, see <a href="#Prygger">Prygger</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Primero, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Primivist, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Print, set in, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prison, character of a, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prisoner, character of a, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Privy councellor, character of a worthy, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Profane man, character of, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Progresses of Queen Elizabeth</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prologue, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Prolusions</i>, by Capel, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li><a name="Prygger" id="Prygger"></a>Prygger of prauncers, character of a, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Prynne, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Puritan, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Puritan, picture of a</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Puttenham, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Quanto Dyspayne, a dance, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Quarromes, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Querpo, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Quintilian, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Quyer, or quyaer, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Radcliffe, Sir Alexander, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Raie, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ramus, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Randolph, Dr. <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rash man, character of, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rat, black-coat, terms of contempt towards the clergy, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rawlinson, Dr. <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li>R&egrave;, isle of, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>:
+<ul><li>  expedition to, ib.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li><i>Rebellion, History of</i>, by Clarendon, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Reed, Isaac, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Reformado precisely charactered</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Regiment of Health</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Regimen Sanitatis Salerni</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Remains</i>, Butler's, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Remains</i>, Camden's, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Reserved man, character of, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Resolves</i>, by Feltham, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Retchlessly, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Richard III. <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rich man, character of a sordid, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ritson, Mr. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Robert of Normandy, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</li>
+
+<li><a name="Roge" id="Roge"></a>Roge, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Roger, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rogers, G. <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rogue, see <a href="#Roge">Roge</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rome, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rome-bouse, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Round breeches, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Royal and noble Authors</i>, by Lord Orford, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Ruddiman, Life of</i>, by Chalmers, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Ruff of Geneva, print, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ruffs, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ruffian, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ruffler, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ruffmanes, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ruffe-pecke, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Russell, Earl of Bedford, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Rutland, Lady, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>S. R. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sack, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Salerne, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Salomon, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Saltonstall, Wye, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sandwich, Earl of, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Satyrical characters</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Satyrical Essayes</i>, by Stephens, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Saul, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Saxons, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Say, E. <a href="#Page_xlvii">xlvii</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Saye, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Scaliger, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sceptick in religion, character of, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Scholar, character of a, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Scold, character of a, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Scotus, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sejanus, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Select second husband for Sir Thomas Overburie's wife</i>, by Davies of Hereford, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Seneca, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sergeant, or catchpole, character of, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Serving-man, character of, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sforza, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shakspeare, <a href="#Page_lx">lx</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shark, character of a, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shark to, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sharking, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sheba, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sheriff's hospitality, and table, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sherry wine, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shimei, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ship, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shop-keeper, character of, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Short-hand, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Countess of, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Shrove Tuesday, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sidney, Sir Philip, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Silk strings to books, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Singing-men in cathedral churches, character of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Skower, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Skypper, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Socinus, Faustus, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Solemne Passion of the Soule's Love</i>, by Breton, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Soliman and Perseda</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sordid rich man, character of, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Spaniards, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Specimens of early English Poets</i>, by Ellis, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Spelman, Sir Henry, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Spinola, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Sports and Pastimes</i>, by Strutt, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Springes for Woodcocks</i>, by H. P. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Squeazy, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stanley, Richard, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stayed-man, character of a, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Steevens, George, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stephen, Master, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stephens, John, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stews, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stowe, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Stow's <i>Survey of London</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Strange Metamorphosis of Man</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Streglethorp Church, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>:
+<ul><li>  family, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Strike, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Strummell, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Strutt, Mr. <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Strype, Mr. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Sturbridge-fair, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Suetonius, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Sufferings of the Clergy</i>, by Walker, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Surfeit to A. B. C.</i> <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Surgeon, character of a, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Suspicious or jealous man, character of, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Swadder, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Swedes, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Sweedish Intelligencer</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Switzer, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Table-book, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tables, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tacitus, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Talbot, Sir John, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tamworth, Staffordshire, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tanner, Bishop, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tantalus, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tavern, character of a, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Telephus, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Tempest</i>, by Shakspeare, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tennis, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Ten Years' Travel</i>, by Flecknoe, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Term, character of the, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Thersites, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Thyer, Mr. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tiberius, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Times anatomized</i>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tinckar, or tinker, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tiring-house, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Titus, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tobacco, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tobacco-seller, character of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>:
+<ul><li>  called a smoak-seller, ib.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Togman, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tower, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Town-precisian, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Traditional Memoires</i>, by Osborne, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Trumpeter, character of a, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tryne, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tryning, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tuft-hunter, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tully (see Cicero), <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Turk, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Turner, Thomas, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tyburn, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Tyntermell, a dance, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Valiant man, character of, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Varro, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Vault at Gloucester, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Velvet of a gown, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Venner, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Vespatian, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Villiers, George, Duke of Buckingham, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Virgil, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Virginals, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li>
+
+<li>University College, Oxford, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</li>
+
+<li>University dun, character of a, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</li>
+
+<li>University, character of a young gentleman of the, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li>
+
+<li>University statutes, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Vorstius, Conrade, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Upright man, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Urinal, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Urine, custom of examining it by physicians, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>:
+<ul><li>  tax on, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Vulcan, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Vulgar-spirited man, character of, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Vyle, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Wales, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Walker, Dr. <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Walker, Sir Edward, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Walton, Isaac, <a href="#Page_l">l</a>:
+<ul><li>  his character of Earle, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>Walwin, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wapping, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ward, C. <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ward, Edward, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Warde, William, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span></li>
+
+<li>Warnborough, South, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Warton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Washbourne, R. his <i>Divine Poems</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Waste, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Watch, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Weak man, character of, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Weever, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Westminster, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Westminster, the fellow of, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Whimzies; or a new cast of Characters</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Whip for a jockey</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Whipjacke</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Whitson ale, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Whydds, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Widow</i>, a comedy, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wife, character of a good, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Wife, now the Widdow, of Sir Thomas Overbury</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>,
+<ul><li>  editions of, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li></ul></li>
+
+
+<li>William I. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wood, Anthony &agrave;, <a href="#Page_l">l</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Worcester, Marquis of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>World displayed</i>, <a href="#Page_lii">lii</a>.</li>
+
+<li>World's wise man, character of, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wortley, Anne, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wortley, Sir Francis, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wortley, Sir Richard, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+<li><i>Writing school-master</i>, by Bales, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Wyn, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Yarum, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li>
+
+<li>York, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li>
+
+<li>York, James, Duke of, afterwards James II. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Young gentleman of the university, character of, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Young man, character of, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Younger brother, character of, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li>
+</ul><ul>
+
+<li>Ziba, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>THE END.</p>
+
+
+<p>ERRATUM.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_li">li</a>. line 10, for <i>first</i>, read <i>fift</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SUPPLEMENTARY_APPENDIX" id="SUPPLEMENTARY_APPENDIX"></a>SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+<p>VARIOUS READINGS AND VERSIONS FROM THE DURHAM MS.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A CHILDE.</p>
+
+<p>1. "His soul is yet a white <i>page</i>" (paper).</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>AN ORDINARY PHYSITIAN.</p>
+
+<p>4. After the words "take Physicke." "He drives away ye time if he cannot
+ye maladie, and is furnished with an hundred merrie tales for the purpose.
+He is no faithful friend for he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
+death and he are enemies."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A SELFE-CONCEITED MAN.</p>
+
+<p>10 (<i>11 in Bliss</i>). "A parasite is a stale to him," for "<i>a flatterer is a
+dunce to him</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A RESERVED MAN.</p>
+
+<p>26 (<i>12 in Bliss</i>). "Never speaks above the audit of a whisper," for
+"<i>whispers you in the ear acts</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A DOUNE-RIGHT SCHOLLER.</p>
+
+<p>20 (<i>21 in Bliss</i>). After "language of a falconer." "He is frigging up and
+doune, and composeth not his body to a settled posture. Gallants mock him
+for ushering Gentlewomen and indeed he hath not squired it in their
+Allies."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A POTT POET.</p>
+
+<p>22 (<i>28 in Bliss</i>). After "patches," "yet their footemanshippe is not
+altogether shuffling." After "His other poems are but briefs." "At more
+leisur'd times he makes disticks on noblemen which are put under their
+twopenny pictures that hang in the bookbinders' shops."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A FORWARD, BOLD MAN.</p>
+
+<p>30 (<i>43 in Bliss</i>). <i>For</i> "like a desperate soldier," read "like our
+north-west merchants, will venture where he cannot goe." Also "Saint
+<i>Laurence</i>" <i>for</i> "St. Maries."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A PLAINE COUNTRIE FELLOWE.</p>
+
+<p>23 (<i>22 in Bliss</i>). After "sallets." "He will talk with his oxen very
+soberly and expostulates with his hindes, and then in the same language he
+guides the plow, and the plough guides his thoughts, and his bounde or
+landmarke is the very limitts of his cogitation."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A SERGEANT, (SERIEANT).</p>
+
+<p>32 (<i>52 in Bliss</i>). After "Attempted and atchieved," "clubbes out of
+charity knocke him doune; next an hereticke he is the worst man to follow
+for he leads by the arme to destruction; his most dangerous place is
+Chancery Lane's end where he hansells now and then."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A PARTIALL MAN.</p>
+
+<p>33 (<i>37 in Bliss</i>). After "colledge." "The Puritane is most guilty of this
+humour, for he takes the opinion of one Dutch commentatour before a legion
+of fathers; and, which is worse, his own before them both."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A TRUMPETTER.</p>
+
+<p>34 (<i>38 in Bliss</i>). "In short he is a bubble <i>and his life a blast</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A PAULES WALKE.</p>
+
+<p>43 (<i>41 in Bliss</i>). "Properest," for "<i>perfectest</i> motion." After
+"a-foot." "It hath its tempests like the sea, and as violent, and men are
+ship-wrack't upon pillars like great rocks." And <i>at the end</i> after "could
+not"&mdash;"ffinally it is used for a church of these two only, sharkes and cut
+purses, the one comes thither to fast, the other to prey."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A DUN.</p>
+
+<p>42 (<i>53 in Bliss</i>). After "shift in the world," comes "He is like a
+frivlous suitor, <i>haunting</i>, <i>haunting</i> (sic) those ..." (in place of the
+sentence in Bliss beginning "some chuse," which is transposed in MS. with
+very slight changes so as to follow the sentence ending with "find them
+within.")</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A PLAUSIBLE MAN.</p>
+
+<p>45 (<i>29 in Bliss</i>). "He supples all and discommends none, except where his
+commendations might crosse the company, and then he holds his
+peace,"&mdash;after the words "what is civil."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A BAKER.</p>
+
+<p><i>16 in MS.</i> (<i>44 in Bliss</i>). "His condition is the same with all other
+men, for he lives by bread which from a rude and undigested heape he putts
+into lumpe and forme. His kneading tub and his pavin are the two misteries
+of his occupation and he is a filcher by his trade, but the miller is
+before him. Thrive he cannot much in the world, for his cake is oft<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span> dow
+bak't and will never be a man of valour he is still so meall-mouth'd, he
+is observed for a great lyer for he is seldome true in his tale, though
+the score be many times on his pate for better reckoning, one vertue he
+hath that he is charitable, for his bread is often given to the poore. A
+clarke of the market he abhorres, and a pair of weight scales over-throwes
+him, yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
+prison. Many a pillery is his deadly enemie, and they never meete but they
+goe together by the eares."</p>
+
+<p><i>The additional matter in the "Bright MS." is found here also.</i></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>AN HERAULD.<a name="FNanchor_DZ_228" id="FNanchor_DZ_228"></a><a href="#Footnote_DZ_228" class="fnanchor">[DZ]</a></p>
+
+<p>(<i>Almost identical with the version in the "Bright MS."</i>)</p>
+
+<p><i>40 in MS.</i> (<i>46 in Bliss</i>). "He gives armes himselfe though he be no
+Gentleman, and therefore hath good reason to dispence with other; his
+trade and profession is honour, and doth that which few noble can doe,
+thrive by the Title. You would think he had the Indian mines, for he tells
+of the fesse<a name="FNanchor_EA_229" id="FNanchor_EA_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_EA_229" class="fnanchor">[EA]</a> of gold<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> and silver, but believe him not for they are but
+devises to get money: he seemes only to deale with Gentry, but his
+chiefest purchases are on them that are none, whose bounty he conceales
+yet blazons: his bribes are like those of a corrupt judge, for they are
+the prizes<a name="FNanchor_EB_230" id="FNanchor_EB_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_EB_230" class="fnanchor">[EB]</a> of blood. His traffiques are like children's gew-gawes,
+pendants, and scutchions and little daggars, and his penniworths are
+extraordinary deare ffor he holdes three Boares heads higher than three
+Brawnes in the market. He was sometime the coate of Mars, but is now for
+more mercifull battailes in the tilt yard where whosoever is victorious
+the spoyles are his. His is an art in England but nature in Wales, where
+they are borne with Herauldry in their mouthes, and each name is a
+pedigree."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A YOUNG RAW PREACHER.</p>
+
+<p>2. "<i>Till ye clocke stop him.</i>" "Little instructions shall you have though
+great store of doctrines and many uses to small purpose; he putts much
+zeale into his booke, and belabours his tongue exceedingly. The only thing
+he makes himselfe in his sermons is faces, his action is all passions, and
+his speach interiections. He hath an excellent faculty in crying 'ah!' and
+spits with a very good grace." "<i>He will not, etc.</i>" "He cites Pastills
+for authors, Perkins for fathers, and some catechisme is his schoole
+divinity."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A GRAVE DIVINE.</p>
+
+<p>3. "Arts his way." "He thinks he ought to become learned to learne so high
+a mystery, w<sup>ch</sup> like ye dye of scarlet is not set well upon a raw
+cloath, but requires a former<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> tincture."<a name="FNanchor_EC_231" id="FNanchor_EC_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_EC_231" class="fnanchor">[EC]</a> "<i>He accounts, etc.</i>" For
+"ballast" read "<i>last blast</i>" (in the first sentence).</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>AN ANTIQUARY.</p>
+
+<p><i>9 in MS.</i> (<i>7 in Bliss</i>). "His life was in this age, his conversation
+long before, and his acquaintance of some thousand yeares before he was
+borne. He is a great enemy to the man of time, and fetches many a morsell
+againe out of his stomacke, when it is now all rotten and stinking. Old
+women should like him very well for he is much enamoured of wrinckles, and
+loves all things, as Dutchmen doe cheese, ye better for being mouldy and
+worm-eaten." "<i>He is of our Religion, etc.</i>"</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A PLAYER.</p>
+
+<p><i>19 in MS.</i> (<i>23 in Bliss</i>). "<i>Upon him.</i>" "He hath reason to be
+experienced in the world, for he hath passed through more shapes then
+Pythagoras his soule, and knows all conditions from y^e King to the
+Cobler, he is qualified and hath many good parts, but he is condemned for
+one boasting humour, that he will speake them himselfe." "<i>He hath one,
+etc.</i>" "<i>Never con'd.</i>" "A true man he can hardly be, for he pleaseth the
+better he counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for
+gold lace. His comings in are tollerable, yet in small money, and like
+Halifax great viccaridge most of it in two pences." "<i>The waisting woman,
+etc.</i>" "<i>Gentlemen</i>," "and may become the bench in time as well they. He
+neadeth not feare death, for killing is but his sport, and his chiefe
+practice hath beene to dye bravely."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A YOUNG GENTLEMAN IN THE UNIVERSITY.</p>
+
+<p><i>18 in MS.</i> (<i>25 in Bliss</i>). "<i>Spend next day.</i>" "If you speake to him as
+a Schooler, he telleth you you mistake him he is a gentleman and loath to
+marre his stile with that title. Sometime upon intreaty he vouchsafeth to
+be a Batchelour, and thinks he hath done the degree great grace in taking
+it." "<i>His companion, etc.</i>" Above this, and after the word "misplacing."
+"He comes often to his bookes but seldome to his study, unless he be taken
+with Stepheus or Paris printe, which endeares the booke unto him. Yet
+sometimes he will...."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>
+VICCARS (MS.)<br />
+SINGING MEN.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>6 in MS.</i> (<i>47 in Bliss</i>). "<i>To sing catches.</i>" "In their election of a
+brother they are respectfull of his gifts, that is, of his bottles of
+sacke, and he that is most liberall to them heere makes them sure. If they
+get a church their faces are the richer, and they are men of more
+reckoning at the bush or read lattice." "Long lived, etc."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A SHOP-KEEPER.</p>
+
+<p><i>39 in MS.</i> (<i>48 in Bliss</i>). "He examines the necessity of passengers, and
+beggs in the phrase of the giver 'with what do you lacke?'" "... <i>abuse
+his brother</i>. His prizes are like new playes, very dear at first view, but
+after you goe over them they still fall lower, and he is one who of all
+men you shoulde not take of his worde." "<i>He is your slave, etc.</i>"</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A BOWL ALLEY.</p>
+
+<p><i>38 in MS.</i> (<i>30 in Bliss</i>). "Say nothing." "It is their as it is at
+skirmishes the first man doth much, and no victory<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span> without a good
+leader." "<i>It is, etc.</i>" After the first sentence comes in MS. "fortune is
+never pox't louder nor the Deuill oftener sent about errands; he is the
+companion that goes with every bowle, and with him the bowlers."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>(The Shee Puritane <i>in the MS.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><i>36 in MS.</i> (<i>34 in Bliss</i>). "Owne Parish." "And if her husband be so
+profaine that he will not carrie her on horsebacke to heare another preach
+shee will goe as far on foote to heare her selfe pray." "<i>She doubts,
+etc.</i>" "Scruples." "Shee dareth not give a penny to a beggar for feare he
+be a reprobate, but shee thinkes usury lawfull upon strangers that be not
+her brethren." "<i>Shee is more fierce, etc.</i>" "Shee is discovered though
+shee weare a vaile," after "<i>Geneva Print</i>." "Reads that shee hath noted,
+and applauds herselfe for a noble woman of Berea," after "<i>comes home</i>."
+After "<i>gossippings</i>," "unlesse to exercises." After "<i>sampler</i>," "save
+that once a year she workes a black-wrought night-cap for some reverend
+good man to weare, because it is against the cannon, and then she thinkes
+him a bishop's fellow." After "<i>weapons</i>" (weapon), "is the Practice of
+Piety, or else shee is armed with the sixt to the Ephesians." For "the
+Brownist" read "thinks that Amsterdam is erroneous."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>THE WEAK MAN.</p>
+
+<p>In the Bright MS. there are some important additions and variations in
+"<i>The Weak Man</i>." After the words "his brain stays behind," it goes on "He
+is for wit as your young travellers for languages, as much as will call
+for necessities and hardly that. He is not crafty enough to be a knave,
+nor wise enough<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> to be honest, but the midway betwixt; a kind of harmless
+man. His whole vice is his indiscretion, and yet this makes him seem
+guilty of all." After the word "reserved" in Bliss, the MS. goes on: "He
+will part with anything in a humour, but in a good cause with nothing, and
+you may better entice him than persuade him. He is often perverse, never
+resolute and inexorable to nothing so much as reason. He loves wits and
+scholars to his cost, for he never has their company but invited. His
+friendships commonly are begun in a supper and lost in lending money. The
+way to gain his regard is to neglect him, for if he once be in good
+estimation, he grows proud upon it and contemns you." After the words
+"laid to his charge." "He puts in his verdict at all discourses, and
+whatsoever reason you urge, he holds his conclusion." Again, after the
+words "breaks forth with all." "His fear is his most violent persuader,
+which makes him do more upon the authority of one he hates, than the suit
+of his friend. He is one not to live in this world, for each man is his
+ambush, and his friend to abuse him. He has been long in contempt, and at
+last out of money, and then men cry 'alas!' and forget him."</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION.</p>
+
+<p>P. 99. This Character also is so varied from the printed copies in the
+Bright MS. that it is given from the latter entire. "He is defined by a
+genus without a difference; for he is a Christian at large, and no more.
+He uses the land's religion because it is next him; yet he sees not why he
+may not take the other yet he chooses this not as better, but because
+there is not a pin to choose. He is wondrous loth to hazard his credulity,
+and whilst he fears to believe amiss, believes nothing. The opinion of an
+over judgment wrongs him, which makes him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span> too wise for the truth. He
+finds doubts and scruples better than resolves them, and has always some
+argument to nonplus himself. The least religion is enough to perplex him,
+and the best will not satisfy him. He hammers too much in general upon our
+opinion's incertainty, and the possibility of erring makes him not venture
+on what is true. He cannot drive into his fancy the circumscription of
+religion into our corner, and yet, the absurdity of Popery staggers him
+again. He could like the Protestant better were it not for the puritan,
+and the papist but for the Jesuit. He thinks we are more rational, and
+likes the life of the other. He thinks so many wise men would not believe
+but on good ground, and so many honest men cannot be on the wrong side;
+yet he sees not their reason notwithstanding, nor assents to their honesty
+without it. He is taken with their miracles yet doubts an imposture; he
+conceives of our doctrine better, yet it seems too empty and naked. He
+prefers their charity, and commends our zeal, yet suspects that for
+blindness, and this but humour. He sees rather what to fly than to follow,
+and wishes there were no sides that he might take one. He will sometimes
+propend to us upon the reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine recoils as
+far back again; and the fathers justle him from one side to another. His
+conscience interposes itself betwixt two duellers, and whilst it would
+part both, is by both wounded. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason,
+and you cannot anger him worse than with a Luther or Calvin's dixit, yet
+that wise men are not persuaded with reason, shall authorize his doubt. In
+sum, his whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, wherein he
+is so long a disputing, till death make the conclusion, and then he is
+resolved."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>[From Bliss's annotated copy of Earle's Microcosmography.]</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>A GALLANT.</p>
+
+<p>P. 57. (<i>In the Bodleian, 2699, E. 21.</i>) [This version is almost identical
+with that in the Durham MS. till the last few sentences.] The variations
+between the printed copy and Dr. Bright's MS. are so considerable, that
+the latter text is here given entire. "A Gallant is a heavy loader of
+himself, for he lays more upon his back than it is able to bear, and so at
+last breaks it. His first care is his clothes, and the next his body, and
+in the uniting of these two lyes his judgment. He is no singular man, for
+he is altogether in the fashion, and his very look and beard are squared
+to a figure conformable. His face and his boot are ruffled much alike, and
+he takes great delight in his walk to hear his spurs gingle. Though his
+life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very carefull of the tyme, for
+he is always drawing his watch out of his pocket, and spends part of his
+hours in numbering them. His chiefest toil is how to spin out the day, and
+get a match for cards or the bowl alley, and his worst companion is
+himself, for then he is desperate and knows not what to do. The labour of
+doing nothing had made him long since weary of his life, if tobacco and
+drink did not out of charity employ him. He is furnished with jests, as
+some wanderer with sermons, some three for all companies, and when these
+are expired, his discourse survives in oaths and laughter. He addresses
+himself to ladies with the wagging of his lock, and complements like
+Euphues or the knights of the Sun; yet his phrase is the worst apparalled
+thing about him, for it is plain fustian.<a name="FNanchor_ED_232" id="FNanchor_ED_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_ED_232" class="fnanchor">[ED]</a> His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span> thigh is always well
+apointed with a rapier, yet peaceable enough, and makes<a name="FNanchor_EE_233" id="FNanchor_EE_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_EE_233" class="fnanchor">[EE]</a> a wound in
+nothing but the scabard, yet<a name="FNanchor_EF_234" id="FNanchor_EF_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_EF_234" class="fnanchor">[EF]</a> rather than point the field, hee'l pull
+it out in the street. He is weaponed rather in the street, than the
+highway, for he fears not a thief, but a serjeant. His clothes and himself
+grow stale together, and the last act of his life is invisible, for he is
+buried commonly before he dies, in the jail or the<a name="FNanchor_EG_235" id="FNanchor_EG_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_EG_235" class="fnanchor">[EG]</a> country."</p>
+
+
+<p>The following Character may serve as an illustrative commentary on part of
+Earle's character of an Attorney.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>THE CHARACTER OF AN ATTORNEY.</p>
+
+<p>P. 211. (<i>From a MS. in the Bodleian, Sheldon Papers</i>), circa 1642. An MS.
+Notebook of Bliss's in my possession, containing some 50 pages filled with
+the titles of books of characters, has this one among them, in 17th
+century hand-writing (pasted on to the page). When this was acquired he
+does not say. "An Atturney is a Broker at Law for hee sels wordes and
+counsell at the second hand, studies but one language that hee may not bee
+thought double tonged, and when vpon necessitie hee reades Latin, 'tis
+with a quaking hast soe feare fully you wold thinke him a fellon at his
+miserere. Hee speakes nothing but reports, statutes and obligations, and
+'tis to bee thought wooes soe too; Lady I hold of you in capite and was by
+the fates enacted yours in decimo of the Ringe; his prayers are
+sol&#339;cismes for peace, and yet for contention; hee beleeues in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span>
+Littleton or the present Cheefe-Justice and against this fayth hee thinkes
+the Chancery H&#339;erticall, especially if he speake in a Rocket; his
+degrees are to proceed either a Court-keeper or an Under-shrieue and then
+a Judges nod qualifies him; hee may hold two or three Clyents the more; to
+conclude hee is a very noune adiectiue whom noe man dares trust to stand
+by himselfe, but requires a Counsellour to bee ioyned with him."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Deane</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>TWO LETTERS OF EARLE'S.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>[TANNER MS., vol. 48, No. 46.]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class='right'>Sarum&#785; Sept. 25. 1662.</p>
+<p>"<span class="smcap">My Lord</span></p>
+
+<p>"I recyvd your Lordshipp's letter this day from my Lord of
+Sarum and give you my most humble and harty thankes for the
+great favour you intended me, as likewise for your good
+opinion of me! as well as your affection, that you thinke me
+capable of such a place in the Church. But my Lord I that
+understand my self better, though all things els worse, then
+any other frend, find those causes within me why I should
+not accept this offer, that I can no way answer, but must
+absolutely decline it. Your Lordshipp may remember when you
+were pleas'd to propose it to me before the last Bishop had
+it, what I said to you then, how unfitted I was for it in
+many respects. The same reasons hold good still and the
+rather, as I am now both elder and infirmer, and I am afraid
+more desperately so, then I beleevd my self to be at that
+time. When I come to London, as I hope to doe with in little
+more then a fortnight, I shall satisfy you more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>
+particularly, as I conceyve I have done already my Lord of
+Sarum&#785;, whose judgement as I should submitt to assoone as
+any mans, and sooner then my owne if it were different from
+mine. So I am more confirm'd in my owne opinion, when I find
+it conformable to his, being satisfyed with these reasons I
+had to refuse it. Seriously if I thought I could doe that
+service to the Church, which many hundreds could not doe
+better, I would preferre the doing it with trouble before
+any ease or convenience of my owne but in the condition that
+I am, and the many imperfections upon me, I do not speak it
+modestly, I cannot have such a thought. I am hartily sorry
+for the death of that Bishop,<a name="FNanchor_EH_236" id="FNanchor_EH_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_EH_236" class="fnanchor">[EH]</a> he was a man of excellent
+parts and though there was something to be desired in him,
+yett take him alltogether he was both able and likely to
+good service in that place which I pray God may loose
+nothing by his successor!</p>
+
+<p>My Lord I beseech your Lordship to present my most humble
+duty and thankes to my gracious Master, the thinking me
+worthy of such a preferment, and that frankness and kindness
+which you speak of in his expressing it, was worth to me a
+great deale more then any thing els he could give me. I pray
+for him daylie, and most hartily, as I doe likewise for your
+Lordship to whom I am a moste affectionate servant</p>
+
+<p  class='center'>My Lord</p>
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Jo: Earles</span>."<br />
+<br />
+[<i>Addressed</i>] "For the Right Reverend Father in God<br />
+Gilbert Lord Bishopp of London these at<br />
+Whitehall."</p></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_DZ_228" id="Footnote_DZ_228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_DZ_228"><span class="label">[DZ]</span></a> It is curious to find this Character in the Durham MS.
+Bliss, in his account of the editions, speaks of the 6th edition (1633) as
+having two <i>additional</i> Characters, one of them being "The Herald." The
+edition of 1630, also called "the 6th edition augmented," I possess. It
+contains seventy-six characters (numbered as seventy-seven by mistake),
+but neither of the two "additional ones." Bliss's knowledge of editions,
+as well as his acquisition of them was increased largely in the years that
+followed the publication of his book. When he had acquired the 1st edition
+he wrote pathetically in his annotated copy, "I have been more than fifty
+years looking for this book!" By that time too he knew that what he here
+calls the <i>2nd</i> edition of 1629 was really the <i>fifth</i>. (See <i>Arber's
+Reprint</i>, where a table of the editions is given.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EA_229" id="Footnote_EA_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EA_229"><span class="label">[EA]</span></a> "Fields."&mdash;<i>Bright MS.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EB_230" id="Footnote_EB_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EB_230"><span class="label">[EB]</span></a> "Prices."&mdash;<i>Bright MS.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EC_231" id="Footnote_EC_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EC_231"><span class="label">[EC]</span></a> This sentence by itself would make the Durham MS. a
+treasure.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_ED_232" id="Footnote_ED_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_ED_232"><span class="label">[ED]</span></a> "He is of great account with his mercer and in no man's
+books so much: who is so sure a friend to him that he will not lose
+him."&mdash;<i>Durham MS.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EE_233" id="Footnote_EE_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EE_233"><span class="label">[EE]</span></a> "He is a great derider of schollers and censures their
+steeple hats for not being set on so good a blocke as his."&mdash;<i>Durham MS.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EF_234" id="Footnote_EF_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EF_234"><span class="label">[EF]</span></a> "He will pull it out in the streets."&mdash;<i>Durham MS.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EG_235" id="Footnote_EG_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EG_235"><span class="label">[EG]</span></a> "Counter."&mdash;<i>Durham MS.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EH_236" id="Footnote_EH_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EH_236"><span class="label">[EH]</span></a> Bp. Gauden, of Worcester, died in the beg. of Sept., 1662.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CLARENDON_STATE_PAPERS_No_1465" id="CLARENDON_STATE_PAPERS_No_1465"></a>[CLARENDON STATE PAPERS, No. 1465.]</h2>
+
+<p class='center'>MR. EARLES TO MR. HYDE.<a name="FNanchor_EI_237" id="FNanchor_EI_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_EI_237" class="fnanchor">[EI]</a></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Well Sir! I will grumble no more, since you have vouchsaft
+to answer me at last, I was afraid you had thought you could
+not be enimy to the Court of Honour enough, except you
+renounc'd all civilitye. I could be verie angry with Mr.
+Vaughan for defrauding me of your punctuale letter, by not
+taking his leave of you, but he tells me, he was at your
+chamber in the Temple every day, and not finding you there,
+knew not where to seek you. Well I hope one day you will
+meet with some trustye messenger whose pockett may be
+capable of the great <i>arcana</i><a name="FNanchor_EJ_238" id="FNanchor_EJ_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_EJ_238" class="fnanchor">[EJ]</a> of your letter. I am not
+altogether without some intelligence how things passe,
+though by no such authenticall men as you are, yet such as
+G. Morley, who though he was not a man of such imployment,
+yet was one of less leasure then you for this fortnight,
+being to make a much longer speech then you, and in as good
+companye, for which I heare he is not thankd, as perchance
+nor you neyther. May you not trust with a carier, the
+telling me how he did, or how my Lord of Falkland does,
+since he is resolved I shall understand nothing of him by
+himselfe. I will not unthriftily spill my letters any more
+there, where they returne me no fruit. My father is your
+servant, for Sir <i>Cph</i><a name="FNanchor_EK_239" id="FNanchor_EK_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_EK_239" class="fnanchor">[EK]</a> Widington, I hope he will compose
+this quarell without a suite. Is T. Triplett at London yett,
+or have you any great occasion to draw him up. These are all
+safe things to be convey'd by a porter to a carier, and by
+him to me, though my Lord<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span> Marshalls himself had feed them
+to intercept, or brake open your letters. Well when you are
+most idle, for I must confesse the thinking of me is not
+worth any time, wherein you may doe any thing els, say
+something to me. I that have leasure for us both, (as indeed
+what business here can fill a man's leasure that does not
+hunt nor drinke nor play at cardes) am content with so much
+patience from you as to read me when you will not write to</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Your most humble servant</p>
+<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Jo. Earles</span>."</p>
+<p><a name="FNanchor_EL_240" id="FNanchor_EL_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_EL_240" class="fnanchor">[EL]</a> "Bishopston."<br />
+"Bish. Dec. 9."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"Pray remember my service to Mrs. Hyde and Mr. Harding."</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>An Original endorsed by Mr. Hyde.</i><a name="FNanchor_EM_241" id="FNanchor_EM_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_EM_241" class="fnanchor">[EM]</a></p>
+
+<p>[Addressed] To my most honor'd frend Mr. Edward Hyde at Sir Thomas
+Aylesburies house in Westminster in the Deans yard.</p>
+
+<p>[Endorsed by Hyde] Mr. Earles 10ber. 1640.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class='center'>LETTERS OF CLARENDON TO EARLE, A.D. 1647.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Sir,</p>
+
+<p>"Though I believe you have received two or three letters
+from me since you writ any, yet since your's of your new
+year's eve came to my hands since I writ last, I reckon it
+my turn to write againe; and shall either convert you to a
+more sedulous correspondence, or make you so much ashamed
+(which is a modesty lazy men are very inclinable to), that
+you shall give<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> over writing at all. I always send you word
+of the date of those which I receive from you, so that you
+can only tell whether I have had that which you say was
+pretty long and troublesome; for I have not thought any one
+half long enough, nor troublesome; otherwise than (which on
+my conscience was not your sense) under the notion of the
+vile caracters, which is almost cipher without a key:
+besides that commonly the ink and paper do so throughly
+incorporate, that the letters are hardly discernable. It is
+possible the Scots may take their money, if the other will
+pay it; but if upon that consideration they leave the
+Kingdom, or suffer the King to leave them, I will no more
+pretend to divination. Let not those apprehensions startle
+you nor be troubled that they seem sometimes to make
+Propositions which you do not like; it being safe and
+profitable to them to offer anything which they foresee must
+be denied by their jealous brethren. Look upon their
+Covenant, their avowed gloss upon that Covenant published to
+the world, and tell me if any contradications in Philosophy
+be more diametrically opposite and impossible to be
+reconciled to the ends of the Independents than those
+extremes. I wish I were as sure that the King would not
+desert himself and his pious and honourable principles (of
+which, truly I have a great confidence) as that the Scots
+will stick to him, when they are fully convinced that he is
+not to be removed.</p>
+
+<p>"Must I believe <i>H. Cressy's</i><a name="FNanchor_EN_242" id="FNanchor_EN_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_EN_242" class="fnanchor">[EN]</a> resolution to be
+peremptory whilst he remains in such company? Truly I am
+exceedingly troubled for it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"What scruples or scandals could work this odious alteration
+(for methinks, apostacy is too cholerick a word towards a
+friend) which you could not remove? It is a great loss to
+the Church, but a greater to his friends, dead and alive;
+for the dead suffer where their memory and reputation is
+objected to question and reproach.</p>
+
+<p>"Is it a necessary consequence to the conscience, that if a
+man turn to that Church, he must take orders in it? Methinks
+there is a duty incumbent to the function, that might well
+terrify a man that feels not a very strong impulsion, though
+he were never so well satisfied in the religion itself.</p>
+
+<p>"If we can not keep him a Minister of our Church, I wish he
+would continue a layman in their's, which would somewhat
+lessen the defection, and it may be, preserve a <i>greater
+proportion of his innocence</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"I am very glad (for my own sake) that you have the
+happiness to be known to my Lord Newcastle. I commit the
+managing what concerns me, both in substance and
+circumstance, wholly to your direction and dexterity: I told
+you how far I was advanced by my Lord Withrington. I pray
+remember my service to Mr. Hobbs by the same token that
+Sydney Godolphin hath left to him by his Will, a legacy of
+&pound;200, and desire him for old aquaintance sake, and for your
+intercession, to bestow one of his books upon me, which I
+have never seen since it was printed, and therefore know not
+how much it is the same, which I had the favour to read in
+English. I thank you for your wishing your self here. I am<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span>
+sure I would purchase you at any price I could pay or
+promise, if it were as fit for the prince, as it would be
+for me. In the mean time I pray God he thinks your company
+as good as they know it to be who cannot get it. But will
+the good Bishop of Salisbury never come to relieve you? What
+does he? Where is he? What do you answer to the other
+thousand questions I have asked you?</p>
+
+<p>"God send you a good New Year that may yield you a decent
+plenty, till it may give you an honest peace, and me meat
+enough against hunger, and cloathes enough against cold.</p>
+
+<p>"And then if the Stationers do not sue out a commission of
+Bankruptcy against me for their arrears for paper and ink, I
+shall not fear any other creditors, nor the exception in the
+first where I will not give my place for the best amongst
+the compounders, nor the worst (that is the greatest)
+amongst the committee: less the title of being.</p>
+
+<p class='right'>Sir, yours, etc."</p>
+<p>"Jersey, the 1st of January."<br />
+A Copy of Mr. Edgeman, 1646-1649.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class='center'>SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Well, admit you do spend three hours every day, that you
+may spend one with the prince, allow two hours to your
+dinner, and two hours in the projecting where to get one,
+you have still a fair time to yourself, and one half hour in
+a week, without question, to tell me that you are alive, and
+that in this dismal time of mutation, you are so far from
+change, that you continue even the same to me.</p>
+
+<p>"I am not willing to tell you, that though you owe me no
+letters, you have three or four of mine unanswered, but I
+must<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> tell you the last packet from Paris brought me none
+from you though I found by some I received, that mine
+thither had not miscarried; so you were not without
+provocation.</p>
+
+<p>"Indeed you are to blame to trust me so much with myself in
+this terrible conflict; with which most men are so
+unworthily appalled: for truly your advice and approbation
+is of singular comfort and encouragement to me. And now I
+pray tell me what is that '<i>Charitas Patriae</i>' which all
+moral and divine authors have so much magnified. That I must
+not concur in the acts of impiety and injustice of my
+country, though never so generally practised, or do a thing
+in itself wicked to save or preserve my country from any
+suffering, is I doubt not very clear. But is that Charitas
+Patri&aelig; utterly to be abolished and extinguished, for its
+practise of that impiety and injustice? Should I wish their
+irreligion destroyed by an army of Turks, or their licence
+subdued by a power that would make them slaves? Was it well
+said of Alcibiades, that he is truly a lover of his country,
+not that refuseth to invade the country he hath wrongfully
+lost but desires so much to be in it, as by any means he can
+he will attempt to recover it? Was not Jocasta more
+Christian to her Son Polynices; <i>Petendo patriam perdis; ut
+fiat tua, vis esse nullam</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"I pray, say somewhat to me of this argument; that I may
+really know how far I may comply with passion and
+provocation; and whether as no infirmity or impiety in my
+prince can warrant or excuse my declension of allegiance
+towards him, there be not some candour and kindness to
+remain towards a man's country, though infected with the
+most raging rebellion."</p>
+
+<p>
+God preserve you!<br />
+<br />
+8th of January 1646.<br />
+A rough Draught, corrected, and endorsed by himself.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span></p></div>
+
+
+<p class='center'>SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"I told you long since that when I came to speak of that
+unhappy battle of Newbury, I would enlarge upon the memory
+of our dear friend that perished there: to which I concieve
+myself obliged, not more by the rights of friendship than of
+history, which ought to transmit the virtue of excellent
+persons to posterity: and therefore I am careful to do
+justice to every man that hath fallen in the quarrel, on
+which side soever, as you will find by what I have said of
+Mr. Hambden himself.</p>
+
+<p>"I am now past that point, and being quickened by your most
+elegant and (<a name="FNanchor_EO_243" id="FNanchor_EO_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_EO_243" class="fnanchor">[EO]</a>political) commemoration of him and from
+hints there, thinking it necessary to say somewhat for his
+vindication in such particulars as may possibly have made
+impression in good men, it may be I have insisted longer
+upon the argument than may be agreeable to the rules to be
+observed in such a work, though it be not much longer than
+Livy is in recollecting the virtues of one of the Scipio's
+after his death. I wish it were with you that you might read
+it, for if you thought it unproportionable for the place
+where it is I could be willingly diverted to make it a piece
+by itself, and inlarge it into the whole size of his life;
+and that way it would sooner be communicated to the world.
+And you know Tacitus published the life of Julius Agricola
+before either his annals or his history.</p>
+
+<p>"I am contented you should laugh at me for a fop in talking
+of Livy and Tacitus; when all I can hope for is to side
+Hollingshead, and Stow, or (because he is a poor knight<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span>
+too, and worse than either of them) Sir Richard Baker. But
+if I had not hooked them in this way, how should I have been
+able to tell you, that I have this year read over Livy and
+Tacitus; which will never be found by the language and less
+by the Latin. We have had no boat out of Normandy these ten
+days, so that we have heard nothing from the Isle of Wight
+since the Kings first message thence. God send us good news
+that we may again (in what condition soever) enjoy one
+another; which will be a very great satisfaction to; your
+most affectionate humble servant."</p>
+
+<p>"Jersey this 14 Dec. St. vet."</p>
+
+<p>A Copy, endorsed by himself.</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There are two very long letters of Feb. 12th and March 16th, 1647&mdash;too
+long to quote in full&mdash;from which I have thought it worth while to make
+extracts.</p>
+
+<p>Concerning the subject of the Charitas Patri&aelig;, "I cannot" he says,
+"rejoice at foreign powers being at peace" that there might be "forces
+vacant for the reduction of England,"&mdash;but he appeals to Earle for "advice
+and direction; upon whose judgment, discretion, and conscience I do so
+much depend that I do really suspect my own when I find it at all differ
+from yours." He speaks too of Earle's company being so comforting to his
+fellow-exiles. Jersey Feb. 12th.</p>
+
+<p>In the letter of March 16th, speaking of possible deterioration of
+character&mdash;of "innocence destroyed," of "wiping out the old loved prints,"
+he adds that the "shame of communicating his thoughts" to Earle [in case
+of his (the writer's) falling away] will, he hopes, keep him from any
+"alteration." In the same letter there is another reference to what Earle
+had written about Lord Falkland&mdash;no such work I understand survives&mdash;"I
+would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span> desire you at your leisure to send me that discourse of your own
+which you read to me in the end of your <i>Contemplations upon the Proverbs</i>
+in memory of my Lord Falkland: of whom, in its place, I intend to speak
+largely&mdash;"so far from being an indecorum (it will be) no less the business
+of history than the truth of things."</p>
+
+<p>Anthony Wood's opinion [Bliss's reference to Wood is very brief] of Earle
+may be added to Clarendon's testimonies: "This Dr. Earl was a <a name="FNanchor_EP_244" id="FNanchor_EP_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_EP_244" class="fnanchor">[EP]</a><i>very
+genteel man</i>, a contemner of the world, religious, and most worthy of the
+office of a Bishop." He is elsewhere styled by him "learned and
+godly,"&mdash;but the epithet "genteel" gives an extra touch that we should be
+loth to lose. In reference to his Latin Translation of Hooker's
+Ecclesiastical Polity he adds: "He was only the fit man to make the
+learned of all nations happy." Of the Hortus Mertonensis he tells us that
+it was one "of several copies of his ingenuity and poetry that were
+greedily gathered up" at the University.</p>
+
+<p>I have said in the Preface that nothing is known to Earle's disparagement.
+It is true that Ludlow says<a name="FNanchor_EQ_245" id="FNanchor_EQ_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_EQ_245" class="fnanchor">[EQ]</a>: "Dr. Earle told me that by abolishing
+episcopacy we took away all the encouragement to learning; for that men
+would not send their sons to the University had they not some hopes that
+they would attain preferment." And he is very severe on "this sordid
+principle and consideration." That it was not the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> recommendation of
+learning to Earle is abundantly proved by the Microcosmography&mdash;but he
+might well think the University ought not to lose the advantage of any
+material inducements such as might appeal to ordinary men.</p>
+
+<p>Earle, moreover, was a humourist, and may have amused himself with
+arguments which seemed good enough for his audience. Lord Macaulay must
+not be supposed indifferent to learning because he told his nephew to "get
+a good degree at College and become a Fellow&mdash;<i>for then</i> he would have
+almonds and raisins for the rest of his life for nothing!"</p>
+
+<p>My interleaved copy of Bliss has on the fly-leaf the words "the castrated
+title and leaf are preserved, with the addition of a proof title page with
+Dr. Bliss's name omitted." The copy is announced in a catalogue slip
+pasted in at the end of the book as containing<a name="FNanchor_ER_246" id="FNanchor_ER_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_ER_246" class="fnanchor">[ER]</a> MS. notes by Joseph
+Haslewood and Dr. Bliss. The words above the title&mdash;Ex dono <i>editoris</i>
+(altered to <i>impressoris</i>)&mdash;have the initials J. H. below them. There are
+also three advertisements of Bliss's book, "published this day," two of
+them on coloured paper pasted in the beginning; the third is supplemented
+by a notice from the Monthly Review, Feb. 1812, which runs as
+follows:&mdash;"We recommend the perusal of this work to every class of
+readers, since it is in truth a store house of wit and wisdom ... The old
+fashioned dress in which these acute strictures on human life appear,
+while it takes little or nothing from their intelligibility, adds much to
+their force and liveliness. The lovers of proverbial wit, for many of
+these characters are strings of judicious adages, are therefore greatly
+obliged to Mr. Bliss for his pleasing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> republication of so pregnant a
+volume. The notes are instructive without prolixity: the index is
+extremely useful, for it is really astonishing<a name="FNanchor_ES_247" id="FNanchor_ES_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_ES_247" class="fnanchor">[ES]</a> <i>how large a quantity
+of good matter</i> is scattered up and down the present <i>duodecimo</i> (the
+advt. calls it <i>octavo</i>), and the appendix contains an ample store of
+black-letter information, and will introduce almost every reader to some
+new acquaintances, who have singularity at least, if nothing else to
+recommend them. The Life of the Bishop, and the list of his works are
+particularly interesting."</p>
+
+<p>All readers of Cowper will remember what a weight of authority the
+criticism of the Monthly Review carried with it, and the pathetic appeal
+of the Author to the Editor&mdash;"but oh!, dear Mr. Griffith, let me pass for
+a genius at Olney."<a name="FNanchor_ET_248" id="FNanchor_ET_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_ET_248" class="fnanchor">[ET]</a></p>
+
+<p>The notes and illustrations which Dr. Bliss did <i>not</i> make use of in his
+edition are as follows.<a name="FNanchor_EU_249" id="FNanchor_EU_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_EU_249" class="fnanchor">[EU]</a></p>
+
+<p>Two are on the serving-man, 'In querpo.'</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">"I am borne sweet lady<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To a poore fortune that will keep myself<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And Footman, as you see, to bear my sword<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In Cuerpo after me."<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;<i>Mayne's City Match, a Comedy, 4to, 1658.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>"You shall see him in the morning in the gallery&mdash;first, at noon in the
+Bullion, in the evening in Quirpo."&mdash;Massinger's Fatal Dowry.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"Dr. Johnson explains querpo, which he says is corrupted from cuerpo
+(Spanish), as a dress close to the body. Dryden uses it."</p>
+
+<p>On the same character he has a quotation from Religio Regis, 12mo, 1715:
+King James in his advice to his son Henry, Prince of Wales, says "hawking
+is not to be condemned, but nevertheless, give me leave to say, it is more
+uncertain than the others (hunting), and subject to mischances."</p>
+
+<p>On the "She-precise Hypocrite" he has a note&mdash;on "Geneva."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Like a Geneva weaver in black, who left<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The loom and entered into the ministry<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For Conscience Sake.&mdash;<i>Mayne's City Match.</i><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>On 'door-posts' in 'The Aldermen' he quotes, "a pair of such brothers were
+fitter for posts without dore indeed, to make a shew at a new-chosen
+magistrate's gate."&mdash;<i>The Widow</i>, 4to, 1652.</p>
+
+<p>Of 'Paul's Walk' there is yet one more illustration. "Walk in the middle
+Ile in Paul's, and gentlemen's teeth walk not faster at ordinaries than
+there a whole day togeather about inquirie after newes."&mdash;Theeves falling
+out true men come by their good, or the Belman wanted a clapper, <i>4to,
+Lond., 1615.</i></p>
+
+<p>On the Pot-Poet he has a quotation from <i>Whimzies, a new cast of
+Characters</i>, 8vo, Lond., 1633, an illustration of the "<i>strange monster
+out of Germany</i>." "Nor comes his invention farre short of his imagination:
+for want of truer relations, for a neede he can find a Sussex dragone,
+some sea or Inland monster, drawn out by some Shoe Lane man in a
+gorgon-like feature, to enforce more horror in the beholder."</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the Characters there is an extract from a letter of
+Clarendon which mentions that the deanery of Westminster<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span> "was designed to
+a person of very known and confessed merit," (most probably Dr. John
+Earle) <i>written below</i>. He quotes Anthony Wood on the other side of this
+leaf for Earle's friendships, with Henry Cary, first Earle of
+Monmouth&mdash;with George Morley, afterwards Bishop of Winchester. Morley and
+Earle lived together at Antwerp till they were called to attend on the
+Duke of York in France. Two passages of Anthony Wood, which he does not
+quote, are worth recalling. Morley was sent by Charles II. to "thank
+Salmasius for his Apology for his Martyrd father, but not with a purse of
+gold as Joh. Milton, the impudent lyer, reported." Henry Cary was "well
+skill'd in the modern languages, and a general scholar"; and thus "was
+capacitated [by a forced retiredness in the troublesome times of
+Rebellion] to exercise himself in studies, while others of the nobility
+were fain to truckle to their inferiors for company sake."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have only given two title-pages of editions in the year of publication.
+A table of editions is given on the next page.</p>
+
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>Title-page of first edition of 1628.</i>]</p>
+<div class='padding'>
+<h1>Micro-cosmographie;</h1>
+
+<p class='center'>or,</p>
+
+<h2>A Peece of<br />
+The World<br />
+discovered;<br />
+In Essayes and<br />
+Characters.</h2>
+
+<p class='center'>[Here is inserted in MS.&mdash;"Written by John Earles<br />
+of Merton Coll."]</p>
+
+<p class='center'><i>Newly composed for the Northerne parts<br />
+of this Kingdome.</i></p>
+
+<p class='center'>AT LONDON:<br />
+<span class="smcap">Printed by W. S., for Ed. Blount.</span><br />
+1628.</p></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[<i>Title-page of 3rd edition of 1628.</i>]</p>
+
+<div class='padding'>
+<h1>Micro-cosmographie;</h1>
+
+<p class='center'>or,</p>
+
+<h2>A Peece of<br />
+The World<br />
+discovered;<br />
+In Essayes and<br />
+Characters.</h2>
+
+
+<p class='center'>LONDON:<br />
+<span class="smcap">Printed by William Stansbury, for<br />
+Robert Allot, 1628.</span></p>
+
+<p class='center'>[W. H. Allnutt, in a MS. note inserted in the Bodleian
+copy of Arber's Reprint of the Characters, states
+that Arber has mistaken the order of priority of the
+three 1628 edd. Arber places the ed. with the above
+title-page second, and that of which the title is copied
+on p. 330, third. The second ed., called by Arber
+the first, is not in the Bodleian.]</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'>The last written page of the Durham MS. has by way of Colophon</p>
+
+<p class='center'>Finis.<br />
+December&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anno Do<br />
+This 14th&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mini<br />
+day&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1627.</p>
+
+<p>"This little volume in calf binding, about 12mo size, is doubtless one of
+those referred to by Ed. Blount in his address to the Reader. The MS. is
+written in an exceedingly neat and small hand on the pages of the
+previously bound book, with margin lines ruled in red. At the top of the
+first page is written in a different hand, 'Edw. Blunt, Author.' The MS.
+contains 46 Characters in all, and is free from some evident blunders in
+the first printed copies, as if they had been done from dictation."</p>
+
+<p>This MS. in the Durham Cathedral Library is entered in the catalogue (of
+the Hunter MSS.) as "Characters by Edward Blunt," and dated "about 1636,"
+the date <i>in the MS.</i> having been overlooked.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Fowler in <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Nov. 4th, 1871.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class='center'>EARLE'S MICROCOSMOGRAPHY.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span></p>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='3'><span class="smcap">Edition.</span></td><td align='left'>Bliss, 1811</td><td align='left'>Bliss, 1812-57.</td><td align='left'>Bliss Sale, 1858.</td><td align='left'>British Museum</td><td align='left'>Bodleian</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>"W. Stansby for Edward Blount,"<a name="FNanchor_EV_250" id="FNanchor_EV_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_EV_250" class="fnanchor">[EV]</a></td><td align='left'>1628(<i>a</i>)</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>"W. Stansby for Robert Allot,"</td><td align='left'>1628 (<i>b</i>)<a name="FNanchor_EW_251" id="FNanchor_EW_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_EW_251" class="fnanchor">[EW]</a></td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>"W. S. for Ed. Blount,"</td><td align='left'>1628 (<i>c</i>)<a name="FNanchor_EX_252" id="FNanchor_EX_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_EX_252" class="fnanchor">[EX]</a></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>4th</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>5th</td><td align='left'>1629</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>6th</td><td align='left'>1630</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>"6th"</td><td align='left'>1633</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>7th</td><td align='left'>1638</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>(A reprint of one of the first four)</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1650</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(Very doubtful)</td><td align='left'>1659</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>"Mr. Gilchrist" told him he possessed a copy by the same printers as in 1669 but with "1659."</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>8th</td><td align='left'>1664</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>9th</td><td align='left'>1669</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(1669 edition, with new title)</td><td align='left'>1676</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>No</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(Reprint of 1633 edition)</td><td align='left'>1732</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(1732 edition, with new title and small changes)</td><td align='left'>1740</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(Reprint of 1650 edition)</td><td align='left'>1786</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>No</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(Bliss's edition)</td><td align='left'>1811</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>(Arber's edition)</td><td align='left'>1868 or 1869</td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Yes</td><td align='left'>Yes</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='5'></td><td align='left'><i>British Museum.</i></td><td align='left'><i>Bodleian.</i></td><td align='left'><i>Bliss.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='4'><i>As to the three 1628 editions</i>&mdash;</td><td align='left'>A is regarded as</td><td align='left'>1st</td><td align='left'>2nd</td><td align='left'>3rd</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='4'></td><td align='left'>B is regarded as</td><td align='left'>2nd</td><td align='left'>3rd</td><td align='left'>2nd</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='4'></td><td align='left'>C is regarded as</td><td align='left'>3rd</td><td align='left'>1st</td><td align='left'>1st</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>C has "Newly composed for the Northerne parts of this Kingdome."</p>
+
+<p class='center'><span class="smcap">F. Madan</span>, <i>Sub-Librarian Bodleian Library</i>,</p>
+<p class='right'><i>February 11th, 1897.</i></p>
+
+<p>This table was compiled for me most kindly by Mr. <span class="smcap">Madan</span>. It answers the
+question, what editions Bliss knew of at <i>various times</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The following passage from Evelyn's Diary adds one more testimony to
+Earle. <i>Nov. 30th, 1662.</i> "Invited by the Deane of Westminster (Dr. Earle)
+to his consecration dinner and ceremony on his being made Bishop of
+Worcester. Dr. Bolton preached in the Abbey Church&mdash;then followed the
+consecration.... After this was one of the most plentiful and magnificent
+dinners that in my life I ever saw. It cost neere &pound;600.... Here were the
+Judges, Nobility, Clergy, and gentlemen innumerable, this Bishop being
+universally belov'd for his sweete and gentle disposition. He was author
+of those characters which go under the name of Blount. He translated his
+late Majesty's Icon into Latine, was Clerk of his Closet, Chaplaine, Deane
+of Westminster, and yet a most humble, meeke, but cheerful man, an
+<i>excellent scholar</i>,<a name="FNanchor_EY_253" id="FNanchor_EY_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_EY_253" class="fnanchor">[EY]</a> and rare preacher. I had the honour to be loved
+by him. He married me at Paris, during his Majesties and the Churches
+exile. When I tooke leave of him he brought me to the Cloysters in his
+episcopal habit." He elsewhere speaks of "going to St. Germans to desire
+of Dr. Earle," then in attendance at the Prince of Wales' Court, that he
+would marry him "at the chapel of his Majesty's Resident at the Court of
+France," June 10th, 1647. A sermon of Earle's, "my deare friend now Deane
+of Westminster" is mentioned on Christmas Day 1660. It was one "condoling
+the breache<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> made in the public joy by the lamented death of the Princess
+of Orange." My attention was drawn to these passages by a friend who
+claims descent from Bishop Earle&mdash;Mr. W. B. Alt, of New College, Oxford.</p>
+
+<p>A testimony from another <i>hand</i><a name="FNanchor_EZ_254" id="FNanchor_EZ_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_EZ_254" class="fnanchor">[EZ]</a> is quoted in Bliss's annotated copy.
+"How well he understood the world in his younger days appears by his smart
+characters; how little he valued it was seen in the careless indifference
+of his holy contemplative life."</p>
+
+<p>In Burnet's History of his own Times we are told that Charles II. "who had
+a secret pleasure in finding out anything that lessened a man esteemed
+eminent for piety, yet had a value for him (Earle) beyond all the men of
+his order." (See Arber's Reprint.) On the other hand the Parliament in
+1645 had named him as one to be summoned to the Assembly of Divines, but
+he declined to come.<a name="FNanchor_FA_255" id="FNanchor_FA_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_FA_255" class="fnanchor">[FA]</a></p>
+
+<p>In 1654 there was printed at the Hague an Elzevir volume&mdash;"morum
+exemplar," <i>Latin</i> characters by one Louis du Moulin. He aspires he says
+in the preface to be the Virgil or Seneca to Earle's Theocritus or
+Menander.</p>
+
+<p>This is his testimony to the characters.</p>
+
+<p>"Et sane salivam primum mihi movit vester Earles cujus characteribus, non
+puto quicquam exstare vel severius ubi seria tractat, vel festivius quands
+<i>innoxie</i> jocatur: ant pictorem unquam penicillo propius ad nativam
+speciem expressisse hominis vultus, quam ille ejus mores patria lingua
+descripserit."</p>
+
+<p>It may be of interest to mention in connection with the title<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> of Earle's
+book that the phrase of Menenius Agrippa in Coriolanus.&mdash;"The <i>Map</i> of my
+Microcosm" actually occurs as a title of a book of characters by H.
+Broune, 1642, the alternative description being "a morall description of
+man newly compiled into Essays.</p>
+
+<p>Bliss's MS. book illustrates what I have said in the preface of the change
+in the character-sketch. The essay and the pamphlet gradually usurp the
+place of social studies. The great mass of the "characters" of the last
+half of the seventeenth century are political or religious. On the other
+hand, while the only <i>prose</i> character in Bliss of the sixteenth century
+deals with the criminal classes, "a discoverie of ten English leapers
+verie noisome and hurtfull to the Church and Commonwealth," quoted in his
+MS. notebook, mixes such characters with "the Simoniacke," "the murmurer,"
+"the covetous man." The date is 1592. (The Tincker of Torvey (1630) also
+exhibits this mixture.)</p>
+
+<p>It may be worth while to add a few titles of books of characters, as
+illustrating the range of this class of literature, or as being in
+themselves interesting. They are from Bliss's own notes in his own copy of
+his book or in the MS. note book before referred to.</p>
+
+<p>1. "The Coffee-House&mdash;a character."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left' rowspan='4'>Prefatory verses.</td><td align='left' rowspan='4'><span style='font-size: 5em'>{</span></td><td align='left'>When coffee once was vended here,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Alc'ran shortly did appear,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>... reformers were such widgeons,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New liquors brought in new religions.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>2. Also a character of coffee and coffee-houses. "It was first brought
+into England when the palats of the English were as fanaticall as their
+brains.... The Englishman<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span> will be a la mode de France. With the barbarous
+Indian he smooks tobacco: with the Turk he drinks coffee."</p>
+
+<p>3. News from the new Exchange. The commonwealth of ladies. Printed in the
+<i>year of women with out Grace</i>, 1650.</p>
+
+<p>4. There are many countries characterized&mdash;Italy, Spain, Holland,
+Scotland. 'Holland' is in verse. It bears out Earle's contemptuous
+references to the Dutch. It is here called "The offscouring of the British
+land."</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"This indigested vomit of the sea<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fell to the Dutch by just propriety."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>1672. [It will be found among Marvell's satires, but Bliss does not
+mention this.]</p>
+
+<p>5. "Scotland characteriz'd: in a letter to a young gentleman to dissuade
+him from an intended journey thither, 1701."</p>
+
+<p>6. "The noble cavalier characterized," "&amp; a rebellious caviller
+cauterized," 1644 <i>or</i> 5. An answer to Wither's Campo Mus&aelig;. A vigorous
+preface says&mdash;"To begin roundly, soundly, and profoundly, the Cavalier is
+a gentleman." By John Taylor.</p>
+
+<p>7. Lucifer's Lacky: the true character of a dissembling Brownist, 1641.</p>
+
+<p>8. "The Tincker of Torvey: a scholler, a cobler, a tincker, a smith; with
+Bluster, a seaman, travel from Billingsgate to Gravesend." 1650.</p>
+
+<p>9. "The interpreter," 1622, deals with "three principall terms of state&mdash;a
+puritan, a Protestant, a papist."</p>
+
+<p>10. "The Joviall Crew; or the Devill turn'd Ranter." 1651.</p>
+
+<p>11. <ins class="greek" title="ta diapheronta">&#964;&#945; &#948;&#953;&#945;&#966;&#949;&#961;&#959;&#957;&#964;&#945;</ins>; or divine characters, in two parts, will have
+an interest for Bristol readers; it is "by that late burning<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span> and shining
+lamp, Master Samuel Crook, B.D., late Pastor of Wrington in Somerset, who
+being dead yet speaketh." 1658.</p>
+
+<p>12. "A character of the Religion and manners of Phanatiques in Generall,"
+1660, includes in the list "Seekers and Enthusiasts." The last sounds
+strange as <i>a species</i>.</p>
+
+<p>13. "The character of an Ignoramus Doctor," 1681, recalls The
+Microcosmography.</p>
+
+<p>14. The captive Captain, or the restrained Cavalier," 1665, also, in part,
+suggests Earle. "Of a Prison," "The anatomy of a Jayler," "The lean
+Prisoner," "The restrained Cavalier and his melancholy."</p>
+
+<p>15. Bliss also mentions "The character of a learned man," and gives some
+choice extracts. "Our sottish and idle enthusiasts are to be reproved who
+call learning but a <i>splendidum peccatum</i>." "Alexander commanded his
+soldiers neither to damnify Pindarus, the poet, nor any of his family."</p>
+
+<p>16. "A wandering Jew telling fortunes to Englishmen." 1640.</p>
+
+<p>17. "The spiritual navigators bound for the Holy Land." 1615.</p>
+
+<p>18. "The picture of a modern Whig: a dialogue between Whiglove and Double,
+at Tom's Coffee-House." 1715.</p>
+
+<p>19. In 1671 "Le vice ridicule" appeared. A sort of translation of Earle's
+characters.</p>
+
+<p>20. Pictures of Passions, Fancies, and Affections, poetically deciphered
+in variety of characters (no date).</p>
+
+<p>21. Characters of gentlemen that have put in to the Ladies Invention. This
+begins&mdash;"A little Beau of the city strain."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>22. Characters of several ingenious designing gentlewomen, who have lately
+put in to the Ladies Invention, which is intended to be drawn as soon as
+full. (There is no date to either of these.)</p>
+
+<p>One or two extracts may be added from Anthony Wood.</p>
+
+<p>"Lord Falkland, when he became one of the gentlemen of His Majesty's Privy
+Chamber, had frequent retirements to Great Tew and sometimes to Oxon, for
+the company of and conversation with learned and witty men. William
+Chillingworth (author of the Religion of Protestants), Joh. Earle,<a name="FNanchor_FB_256" id="FNanchor_FB_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_FB_256" class="fnanchor">[FB]</a>
+Charles Gataker (son of Thomas Gataker [the Editor of Marcus Aurelius] and
+Anthony Wood thinks Chaplain to Lord Falkland); Thomas Triplet, a very
+witty man of Christ Church; Hugh Cressey, and others.<a name="FNanchor_FC_257" id="FNanchor_FC_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_FC_257" class="fnanchor">[FC]</a> Cressey wrote a
+number of theological works, and in one of them occurs the testimony to
+Earle given in Bliss."</p>
+
+<p>The saturnine Anthony Wood is amusingly illustrated in two passages from
+his notice of Earle. "John Earle received his first being in this vain and
+transitory world within the city of York.... His elegy on Beaumont was
+printed at the end of the quarto edition of Beaumont's poems&mdash;put out with
+a poetical epistle before them, subscribed by a <i>Presbyterian
+bookbinder</i>&mdash;afterwards an informer to the Court of Sequestration ... <i>and
+a beggar defunct in prison</i>"! In the notice of Morley he tells us that
+"his banishment was made less tedious to him by the company of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> Dr. Joh.
+Earle, his dearest friend." It is sad to find that the translation of
+Hooker which was "to make the learned of all nations happy" was "utterly
+destroyed"&mdash;the loose papers being taken by the servants after Earle's
+death "to light their fires or else to put under their bread and pies."
+This translation "was Earle's entertainment during a part of his exile at
+Cologne." See the Bodleian letters quoted in Arber's Reprint. To that
+Reprint I have been much indebted for help of various kinds.</p>
+
+<p>My warmest thanks are due to Professor Rowley, of University College,
+Bristol, whom I have constantly consulted while preparing this issue of
+Dr. Bliss's edition. If one may be allowed a slight twist of a
+Shakspearian phrase, I would say of such help as his&mdash;"Ripeness is all."
+It is this quality that makes one at least of Professor Rowley's friends
+so grateful and so importunate.</p>
+
+<p>
+S. T. I.<br />
+Clifton, April, 1897.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EI_237" id="Footnote_EI_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EI_237"><span class="label">[EI]</span></a> In a later hand.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EJ_238" id="Footnote_EJ_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EJ_238"><span class="label">[EJ]</span></a> Arcana in margin.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EK_239" id="Footnote_EK_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EK_239"><span class="label">[EK]</span></a> Th. in margin, <i>i.e.</i>, Th[omas].</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EL_240" id="Footnote_EL_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EL_240"><span class="label">[EL]</span></a> In a later hand.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EM_241" id="Footnote_EM_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EM_241"><span class="label">[EM]</span></a> In the later hand.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EN_242" id="Footnote_EN_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EN_242"><span class="label">[EN]</span></a> A fellow of Merton with Earle. His testimony to Earle is
+quoted by Bliss. Anthony Wood says of him, "that when he lost his most
+beloved Lord Falkland, at Newbury Fight, he travelled as a tutor, and upon
+a freight that the Church of England would terminate through the
+endeavours of the peevish and restless Presbyterians, began to think of
+settling himself in the Church of Rome." He recanted his errors publicly
+at Rome in 1646.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EO_243" id="Footnote_EO_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EO_243"><span class="label">[EO]</span></a> Poetical?</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EP_244" id="Footnote_EP_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EP_244"><span class="label">[EP]</span></a> This epithet with Clarendon's "wary and cultivated" must be
+set against what Clarendon tells us of his "negligence in dress, habit and
+mien." Earle can never have been awkward. His courtesy was born with him,
+and he can never have needed (like "the downright scholar") "brushing over
+with good company."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EQ_245" id="Footnote_EQ_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EQ_245"><span class="label">[EQ]</span></a> Memoirs, vol. I, p. 81, ed. C. Firth.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_ER_246" id="Footnote_ER_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_ER_246"><span class="label">[ER]</span></a> I ought to say that Mr. Madan, who was kind enough to look
+at my copy, does not think many of the notes are in Bliss's hand-writing.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_ES_247" id="Footnote_ES_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_ES_247"><span class="label">[ES]</span></a> "More care, attention, accuracy and valuable enlargement
+from an inexhaustible stock of materials has rarely been witnessed than in
+the editorial labours of Dr. Bliss."&mdash;Dibdin, speaking of Bliss's edition
+of the Athen&aelig; Oxonienses.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_ET_248" id="Footnote_ET_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_ET_248"><span class="label">[ET]</span></a> Cowper's Letters, June 12th, 1782.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EU_249" id="Footnote_EU_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EU_249"><span class="label">[EU]</span></a> Some of the MS. notes in my copy are the same as those in
+the printed volume.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EV_250" id="Footnote_EV_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EV_250"><span class="label">[EV]</span></a> To Bliss's notice of {Blount Blunt}; it may be added that
+"Pericles" was printed for him in 1609; and the first edition of Marlow's
+"Hero and Leander" in 1598 ["printed for Edward Blunt by Adam Islip"
+(Philemon Holland's printer)]. Marlow's "First Book of Lucan" (1600) has a
+humorous and complimentary dedication to Blunt from another bookseller,
+Thomas Thorpe. See "Earlier History of English Bookselling." (Sampson and
+Low.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EW_251" id="Footnote_EW_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EW_251"><span class="label">[EW]</span></a> The second folio Shakespeare (1632) was printed for him.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EX_252" id="Footnote_EX_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EX_252"><span class="label">[EX]</span></a> The 1613 edition of Hero and Leander was printed by W.
+Stansby for Ed. Blunt. He also published some of Ben Jonson's works.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EY_253" id="Footnote_EY_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EY_253"><span class="label">[EY]</span></a> Sir Henry Savile, Provost of Eton, and editor of the famous
+Chrysostom, recognised Earle's scholarship. "When a young scholar was
+recommended to him for a good witt,&mdash;Out upon him! I'll have nothing to do
+with him&mdash;he would say, give me the plodding student. If I would look for
+witts, I would go to Newgate&mdash;There be the witts! and John Earle was the
+only scholar that ever he took as recommended for a witt."&mdash;<i>Aubrey.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_EZ_254" id="Footnote_EZ_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_EZ_254"><span class="label">[EZ]</span></a> David Lloyd, "Memoirs," 1668, folio.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_FA_255" id="Footnote_FA_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_FA_255"><span class="label">[FA]</span></a> "The very Parliament naming him as worthy ... though he
+thought not it worthy of him."&mdash;<i>Ib.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_FB_256" id="Footnote_FB_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_FB_256"><span class="label">[FB]</span></a> Aubrey calls him "an ingeniose young gent, but no writer."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_FC_257" id="Footnote_FC_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_FC_257"><span class="label">[FC]</span></a> "Ben Jonson, Edmund Waller, Esq., Mr. Th. Hobbes, and all
+the excellent witts of that peaceable time."&mdash;<i>Aubrey.</i></p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Microcosmography, by John Earle
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Microcosmography, by John Earle
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Microcosmography
+       or, a Piece of the World Discovered; in Essays and Characters
+
+Author: John Earle
+
+Release Date: August 25, 2008 [EBook #26425]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MICROCOSMOGRAPHY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar, Christine D. and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+  OR,
+
+  A Piece of the World discovered;
+
+  IN
+
+  ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+
+
+
+  MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+  OR,
+
+  A PIECE OF THE WORLD
+  DISCOVERED;
+
+  IN
+
+  ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS
+
+  By JOHN EARLE, D.D.
+
+
+  _A Reprint of Dr. Bliss's Edition of 1811._
+
+  WITH A PREFACE AND SUPPLEMENTARY
+  APPENDIX
+  By S. T. IRWIN.
+
+  Bristol:
+  PUBLISHED BY W. CROFTON HEMMONS.
+  London:
+  SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LTD.
+
+
+
+
+                  TO THE MEMORY
+          OF THE REVEREND DAVID WRIGHT,
+        "THE GRAVE DIVINE" OF THESE PAGES,
+          WHOSE NAME WILL LIVE IN BRISTOL
+   AS LONG AS MEN CARE FOR BEAUTY OF CHARACTER,
+  RICHNESS OF THOUGHT, OR DISTINCTION OF SPEECH,
+        THIS BRISTOL REPRINT IS INSCRIBED.
+
+  "From the contagion of the world's slow stain
+  He was secure."
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+It may be reasonably asked why Dr. Bliss's[A] edition of the
+Microcosmography should require a preface, and the answer is that it does
+not require one. It would be difficult to have a more scholarly, more
+adequate, more self-sufficing edition of a favourite book. Almost
+everything that helps the elucidation of the text, almost everything about
+Bishop Earle that could heighten our affection for him (there is nothing
+known to his disparagement) is to be found here.[B] And affection for the
+editor is conciliated by the way. It is not only his standard of
+equipment that secures this--a standard that might have satisfied Mark
+Pattison[C]--but also the painstaking love revealed in it, which, like
+every other true love, whether of men or books, will not give of that
+which costs it nothing. And, as a further title to our regard, Dr. Bliss
+is amusing at his own expense, and compares himself to Earle's "critic,"
+who swells books into folios with his comments. Not that this humorous
+self-depreciation is to be pressed; for, unlike that critic, he is no
+"troublesome vexer of the dead."
+
+But though there is no need of a preface, I have two excuses for writing
+one.
+
+The first is that I was asked to do it by my friend Mr. Frank George, of
+Bristol, who wished to see the book reprinted; and the second is the old
+_professio pietatis_, which seemed to Tacitus a sufficient defence of the
+Agricola, and may perhaps be allowed to serve humbler people as well. What
+Earle says of men is no less true of books: "Acquaintance is the first
+draught of a friend. Men take a degree in our respect till at last they
+wholly possess us;" and the history of this possession must, in every
+case, have a sort of interest, as long as it is not carried to the point
+of demanding from others the superlatives we permit to ourselves. It is
+sufficiently common for people to like the same book for different
+reasons; and where an author has a secure place in English literature, his
+shade, like the deity of Utopia, may be best pleased with a manifold and
+various worship.[D]
+
+The character of Earle, as drawn by Clarendon, is itself a guarantee for
+his studies of character; and the fact that Lord Falkland was his chosen
+friend is evidence of his possessing something of that sweet
+reasonableness of temper for which his host was so remarkable. "He was
+very dear" (we are told) "to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much
+time as he could make his own." Indeed, "Mr. Earles would frequently
+profess that he had got more useful learning by his conversation at Tew
+than he had at Oxford." Of Earle's conversation Clarendon says that it was
+"so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent and so very facetious, that
+no man's company was more desired and more loved." Walton, too, tells us
+of his "innocent wisdom and sanctified learning"; and another witness
+speaks of his "charitable heart," an epithet which is nobly borne out by
+the correspondence between himself and Baxter printed in this volume.
+
+This is no superfluous citation of testimony. Without it we might,
+perhaps, have suspected, though not, I think, legitimately, something
+almost of a cynical spirit in the severity of the punishment which he
+deals out to the various disguises of vice and imposture, and in the
+pitiless nakedness in which he leaves them. But there are even stronger
+reasons for recalling contemporary verdicts pronounced on Earle as a man.
+Hallam, in the "Literature of Europe,"[E] has a short notice of him, and
+though it shews some appreciation of his ability, it contains a very
+unworthy aspersion on his character. "The chapter on the sceptic," he
+says, "is witty, but an insult to the honest searcher after truth, which
+could only have come from one that was content to take up his own opinions
+for ease or profit." If we accept all that is said of Earle's piety and
+devotion, and give its proper weight to the very significant epithet
+"innocent," used both by Walton and Clarendon, we shall, I think, be slow
+to suspect his motive in attacking the sceptic. The honest doubter, it
+must be remembered, was not the familiar--much less the
+fashionable--figure he has become since, and it is very certain that Earle
+described one type of sceptic both of his day and our own. That his sketch
+may have done injustice to other types is likely enough; but that is no
+reason for calling in question the sincerity of his opinions, or
+attributing an interested orthodoxy to one whom Bunyan might have
+christened Mr. Singleheart. The piety of the 17th Century was not disposed
+to be gentle to sceptics. Even Bacon's enlightenment allows itself harsher
+language on such subjects than any to be found in Earle. "None do refuse
+to believe in a God save those for _whom it maketh that there were no
+God_." And if Bacon is not thought a satisfactory witness, we have an
+unimpeachable one very much nearer to our time. Dr. Johnson's occasional
+strictures on sceptics are well-known, but his reputation for honest
+thinking has never been impaired by their severity. Earle knew what
+charity was, as the Baxter correspondence shows, and he has exposed in one
+of his characters "the faith that has no room for it"; and if his own
+faith needed further enlargement in the case of a sceptic,[F] some
+enlargement of Hallam's charity might also have been looked for in
+dealing with the earnestness of a militant piety.
+
+The character-sketch is naturally a thing of limited scope. "Fine
+portraiture,"[G] it has been said, "is not possible under such conditions
+as it imposes. The traits, common to a class, cannot at the same time be
+the accurate and intimate likeness of an individual. For this, a simple
+enumeration of actions which such and such a man will do, is not enough. A
+novelist takes a long series of connected actions, and even then he has to
+interpret, to review from time to time whole stages of development." All
+this is, no doubt, true, but the character-writers differ to a remarkable
+extent in their individualising power--some of them achieving a high
+degree of success, as is subsequently admitted in the case of Thackeray by
+the writer just quoted. It may be noticed too, by the way, that great
+novelists are not always equally successful in the character-sketch. One
+is reminded of Johnson's phrase about Milton's inability "to carve heads
+upon cherry stones" when one thinks of "Theophrastus Such" on the one
+hand, and the almost unique position of George Eliot as a novelist on the
+other. Less successful as she often is in lightness of touch when she has
+to pause and interpret her story, she had not prepared us for such a
+complete exhaustion of power as her attempt in this branch of literature
+(apparently of the same genus, almost of the same species, as the novel)
+reveals to her disappointed admirers. It may, at any rate, be said that
+her failure is an instructive lesson in the literary division of labour,
+and that these studies require a peculiar delicacy of organisation in the
+observer, as well as a special gift of exposition.
+
+"Dolus latet in generalibus" is a salutary warning, but the
+character-writers, as a whole, have in most instances got creditably out
+of the snare, while Earle, I think, has achieved something more. Besides
+his humour and acuteness, besides even his profundity, I find in him an
+exceptional power of individualizing. "The contemplative man," for
+instance, belongs to a small class at all times; but it is only an
+individual we have known, and known at rare intervals, of whose
+Wordsworthian temper we are able to say that "Nature asks his approbation
+as it were of her works and variety." Again, "the grave divine, who is not
+yet dean or canon, though his life is our religion's best apology," reads
+throughout like a personal experience. I at least so read it, or I should
+not have borrowed from Earle for the dedication which stands at the head
+of this preface. Yet such identifications are usually reserved for the
+great novelist, whose highest art, as Macaulay says, is to "make the
+inventions of one man seem like the recollections of another."
+
+Some of Earle's readers appear to be chiefly impressed with his book as
+furnishing "a picturesque idea of a period now remote, and as possessing
+much of the affected quaintness of its age."[H] The picturesqueness I
+find, and a good deal of quaintness; but the total impression is that of a
+man who has got beyond words, ancient or modern, in his studies of human
+nature--of one who, whether
+
+            "invectively he pierceth through
+    The body of the country, city, court;"
+
+or is "anatomizing the wise man's folly," is as instructive a moralist in
+the end of the nineteenth century as in the beginning of the seventeenth.
+This, in a sense, is true of all great moralists, but the distinction of
+Earle, as I understand it, is that his characters are so often really
+people of our own day, with idiosyncracies that seem almost more
+applicable to our own age than to his.
+
+Society is almost a technical term to-day, susceptible, one would have
+said, of refinements of difference infinitely more various than anything
+that could have existed more than two hundred years ago; yet one cannot
+but feel that this observer would have been fully equal to drawing our
+microcosm as well as his own. Earle's is a penetrating observation which
+is always fresh--so fresh that no archaism of phrase in him, and no cheery
+optimism in ourselves, can disguise the fact that it is our weaknesses he
+is probing, our motives he is discovering.
+
+There are still with us "those well-behaved ghosts AEneas met with--friends
+to talk with, and men to look on, but if he grasped them but air"--those
+shadowy creatures that "wonder at your ill-breeding,[I] that cannot
+distinguish between what is spoken and what is meant."
+
+We are no strangers to "the fashionable respect which loves not deeper
+mutualities, but though exceeding kind and friendly at your first
+acquaintance, is at the twentieth meeting but friendly still"; or to that
+similar temper which "nothing so much puts out as to trespass against the
+genteel way." And, to go a stage lower, the formal man still survives,
+whose "face is in so good a frame because he is not disjointed with other
+meditations--who hath staid in the world to fill a number; and when he is
+gone there wants one and there's an end."[J] He, to be sure, has no
+conversation, and that is his discretion--but others display then as now a
+bolder discretion, and in their talk "fly for sanctuary rather to nonsense
+which few descry, than to nothing which all."
+
+But literary conversation is not forgotten. It may be a stretch beyond
+the power of a latter-day imagination to fancy a visitor proposing to
+fascinate his company by some "scatterings of Seneca and Tacitus," or even
+to think ourselves back to a time when these "were good for all
+occasions." Yet, those who say "Chaucer[K] for our money above all our
+English poets because the voice has gone so," (or had we better substitute
+Browning?),[L] are still common enough examples of those who desire to
+acquire inexpensively the reputation of good taste.
+
+And there is another variety of modern artificiality which is not spared
+in this book. For the many forms of busy idleness, the worship of
+organisation and system, and all the other hindrances to life properly
+so-called, which it has been the cherished labour of this age to
+multiply, Earle would have had no reserve of patience. "The dull
+physician," we are told, has no leisure _to be idle_, that is, to study.
+"The grave divine," who has "studied to make his shoulders sufficient for
+his burden, comes not up thrice a week into his pulpit because _he would
+not be idle_"; whereas the commendation of the young raw preacher is that
+"he speaks without book, and, indeed, he was never used to it."
+
+We may justly boast of the superior humanity of our century; but few would
+deny that the elaborate apparatus of modern philanthropy has too often
+become an end in itself, and absorption in it a serious detriment to any
+worthy preparation for the work of edifying. In the absence of leisure
+pulpits will hardly furnish us with that "sincere erudition which can send
+us clear and pure away unto a virtuous and happy life."[M] Nor is such a
+loss compensated by an endless succession of services or even a whole
+street of committee-rooms.
+
+One would not, however, wish to rest in negations or dwell in the last
+resort on Earle's critical attitude. One feels that the delightful house
+at Tew did not spend all or even its best strength on criticism. Earle may
+have there pursued the method of verification and studied his characters
+in the flesh. Perhaps he saw there "the staid man," and duly appraised
+this specimen of "nature's geometry";[N] while his obvious gifts as a
+rational peace-maker, if not much needed in such a company, would not be
+overlooked by Lord Falkland. "The good old man," too is a portrait so
+strongly individualized that I cannot help thinking some very personal
+experience went to the making of it--experience of a sort that was sure to
+be revived at Tew, where "so good a relick of the old times" was not
+likely to be wanting. It was a house, at any rate, for the "modest man" to
+whom, as to the poet Cowper, public appearances were so many penances; for
+though the world may not agree with Earle as to the degree in which this
+quality sets off a man, there is no question of Lord Falkland's welcome of
+the modest man, even if that grave divine "Mr. Earles," did not point out
+this diffident guest as one who "had a piece of singularity," and, for all
+his modesty, "scorned something."
+
+And, as "the most polite and _accurate_ men of the University of
+Oxford"[O] were to be met with at Tew, we may further hope that Earle
+there watched the social mellowing of the "downright scholar whose mind
+was too much taken up with his mind,"[P] and strove to carry out his own
+recommendation, "practising him in men, and brushing him over with good
+company."
+
+Symposium is a word that has been much abused and vulgarised of late, but
+something like its true Platonic sense must have been realised by the
+company at Lord Falkland's, as they "examined and refined those grosser
+propositions which laziness and consent made current in vulgar
+conversation":[Q] for a more Platonic programme it would be difficult to
+conceive. The pattern of the ideal republic is, we know, laid up somewhere
+in the heavens; but the republic of letters so far as it was represented,
+must have been as near the ideal in that house as it ever was on earth.
+And in this ideal one of Earle's characters already mentioned was not only
+a natural but a necessary element. "The contemplative man" is solitary, we
+are told, in company, but he would not be so in this company. "Outward
+show, the stream, the people," were not taken seriously at Lord
+Falkland's; and the man who "can spell heaven out of earth" would be the
+centre of a rare group--men upon whose fresh and eager appetites
+conversation that was "mysterious and inward" could not easily pall.
+
+Bishop Berkeley is one of the very few men who could answer with any
+plausibility to this last character of Earle's. But the marvellous
+amenity of his social gifts brings him a little closer to the kindly race
+of men than Earle thinks is usual with the contemplative student. In every
+other point it is an accurate piece of portraiture.[R] Nature might well
+ask approbation of her works and variety from a man who was ever feeding
+his noble curiosity and never satisfying it. He, too, made a "ladder of
+his observations to climb to God." He, too, was "free from vice, because
+he had no occasion to employ it." "Such gifts," said the turbulent Bishop
+Atterbury of him, "I did not think had been the portion of any but
+angels." After this it is no hyperbole to say, as Earle does of the
+contemplative man, "He has learnt all can here be taught him, and comes
+now to heaven to see more."
+
+Though Clarendon does full justice to Earle's personal charm, he uses the
+epithets "sharp and witty" to describe his published "discourses"; and the
+piercing severity of his wit is illustrated everywhere in this book. It is
+clear, however, from the sympathetic sketches that Earle's was no _nil
+admirari_ doctrine, and that while he saw grave need on all hands for men
+to clear their mind of cant, and their company of those who live by it, he
+had great store of affection for all that is noble or noble in the making.
+
+The "modest man" and the high-spirited man" are opposite types, but there
+is in both the worthy pursuit and the high ideal. Moreover, the second of
+those characters reveals a power of pathos which Earle might have
+developed with more opportunity.[S] "The child" whom "his father has writ
+as his own little story" is another indication of the same mood.
+
+These sketches are full of suggestive melancholy--not the melancholy of
+the misanthrope, but the true melancholy--the melancholy of
+Virgil--_Invalidus etiamque tremens etiam inscius aevi._[T]
+
+There is another character drawn with a most incisive pathos, though less
+_Virgilian_[U] in its tone.
+
+The poor man, "with whom even those that are not friends _for ends_ love
+not a dearness," and who, "with a great deal of virtue, obtains of himself
+not to hate men," is a pathetic figure, but he is something more. He is a
+sermon on human weakness, not drawn as some Iago might have drawn it with
+exultant mockery, but with the painful unflinching veracity of one who is
+ashamed of himself and of his kind. When one thinks how often this
+weakness is spoken of as if it were peculiar to the moneyed class or to
+the uneducated, and how many people whom one knows act and think as if
+poverty were a vice if not a crime, though they shrink from avowing it, so
+unqualified an exposure indicates a conscience of no common sensitiveness.
+
+Earle's wit and humour are deadly weapons, and it must be said that the
+trades and professions are treated with scant indulgence. He can even
+leave a mark like that of Junius when he has a mind. Thus the dull
+physician is present at "some desperate recovery, and is slandered with
+it, though he be guiltless"; and the attorney does not fear doomsday
+because "he hopes he has a trick to reverse judgment!"
+
+But though one would not ask on behalf of impostors or scoundrels for
+suspension of sentence, one does wish for more than a single picture of
+the young man "who sins to better his understanding." The companionship
+of one who by his 34th year "had so much dispatched the business of life
+that the oldest rarely attain to that knowledge and the youngest enter not
+the world with more innocence,"[V] might have induced Earle to pourtray
+more than the weaknesses of immature manhood.
+
+We could not, however, have missed this or the other pictures of
+characterless persons whether young or "having attained no proficiency by
+their stay in the world." Inexperience may fail to recognise them and
+suffer for it; or the gilding of rank and fashion may win for such persons
+a name in society above that which they deserve, and the moralist is bound
+to unmask them. These studies nevertheless are somewhat sombre;[W] and
+there is something much lighter and pleasanter in his presentation of
+some not unfamiliar phases of manners. There is the self-complacency that
+deals with itself like a "truant reader skipping over the harsh places";
+the frank discourtesy that finds something vicious in the conventions and
+"circumstance" of good breeding; the patronising insolence[X] that "with
+much ado seems to recover your name"; the egoism of discontent that "has
+an accustomed tenderness not to be crossed in its fancy"; or lastly, that
+affectation of reticence which is as modern as anything in the book,
+though its illustrations look so remote. Where we meet with such a temper,
+Earle's is still the right method--"we must deal with such a man as we do
+with Hebrew letters, spell him backwards and read him!"
+
+Despite all this searching analysis and the biting wit which accompanies
+it, I cannot think the epithet cynical, which I have heard ascribed to
+Earle, is defensible. There is a vast difference between recognising our
+frailty which is a fact, and insisting that our nature is made up of
+nothing else, which is not a fact. The severe critic and the cynic differ
+chiefly in this: the first reports distressing facts, the second invents
+disgraceful fictions; the one distrusts, the other insults our common
+nature; and in doing justice to the possibilities of that nature, no one
+has gone further than Earle in his "contemplative man."
+
+Something may be said of Earle's style before this introduction is brought
+to an end.
+
+I do not think it is uniformly conspicuous[Y] for quaintness, or that
+there is much that can be called affectation; though occasionally an
+excess of brevity has proved too tempting, or the desire to individualize
+runs away with him.
+
+The following passages, taken at random from the Characters, seem to
+contain phrases that we should be well content to use to-day if we had
+thought of them.
+
+    _He sighs to see what innocence he hath outlived._
+
+    _We look on old age for his sake as a more reverent
+    thing._
+
+
+    _He has still something to distinguish him from a
+    gentleman, though his doublet cost more._
+
+    _It is discourtesy in you to believe him._
+
+    _An extraordinary man in ordinary things._
+
+    _His businesses with his friends are to visit them._
+
+    _The main ambition of his life is not to be
+    discredited._
+
+    _He preaches heresy if it comes in his way, though with
+    a mind I must needs say very orthodox._
+
+These quotations have no very unfamiliar sound, nor much flavour of
+archaism about them. And there are many more, surprisingly free from
+conceits or other oddities, if we reflect that the book was written before
+Dryden was born, or modern prose with its precision and balance even
+thought of.
+
+There is one very distinguishing mark set on Earle's characters, the
+profundity of the analysis that accompanies the sketch. He lets us know
+not only what the grave divine or the staid man looks like, but why they
+are what they are, and all this without turning his sketch into an essay.
+This mistake Bishop Hall is inclined to make, and Butler actually makes.
+The author of Hudibras, it seems, would have been too fortunate had he
+known where his own happiness lay--to wit in that "sting" of verse, which
+Cowper says prose neither has nor can have.
+
+When one compares the essay in its beginnings with the essay as we know it
+to-day, it is not difficult to understand the change of form in the
+character sketch. "The Character of a Trimmer"[Z] is a very powerful piece
+of writing, containing some very fine things, but Halifax could not make
+of it that finished piece of brevity which it would have become in Earle's
+hands. Latin criticism has the right word for his work--"densus."[AA] We
+could not pack the thinking closer if we wished. And yet if we do not
+care to reason a type out, there are pictures enough unspoilt by
+commentary.[AB] Earle has some of that delightful suddenness of
+illustration which Selden makes so captivating in his Table-Talk. At once
+we are made to see likeness or unlikeness, we hear no comment on it; since
+the artist desires no more moral than is to be looked for in his art.
+
+When on the other hand Earle makes more of the reason of the thing, he[AC]
+is literally "swift and sententious"--he never takes the opportunity to
+draw us into an instructive disquisition, or to assume airs of profundity.
+And his passing hint as to the cause of what _we see_ no more injures any
+picture he may draw than Coleridge's prose argument at the side of the
+page destroys the imaginative spectacle in the Ancient Mariner.
+
+Earle, it has been said, "is not so thoroughly at home with men of all
+sorts and conditions as Overbury, who had probably seen far more of the
+world."[AD] However relatively true this may be, Earle's book [published
+1628] gives evidence of an experience of men as wide as it is intimate--an
+experience little short of marvellous in a resident Fellow of
+twenty-seven, whose younger years were chiefly distinguished for "oratory,
+poetry, and witty fancies."[AE] (Perhaps his youth may account for some of
+that excessive severity in handling follies which is occasionally
+noticeable.) The article in the "Dictionary of National Biography" gives a
+somewhat different impression of Earle as an observer. "The sketches
+throw," it says, "_the greatest light_ upon the social condition of the
+time." Now this is not possible for anyone to achieve whose vision
+requires "the spectacles of books"; though with such help it is doubtless
+possible to extend and improve on the observations of others, with human
+nature as a constant quantity. But to be at home with one's contemporaries
+and to record one's intimacy means to see with the eye as well as the
+mind. The slow inductive method of personal contact is indispensable; and
+no reasoning from first principles, no assimilating of secondhand
+experience, with whatever touches of genius, can be mistaken for it.
+
+It is not likely that the Registrar's house (his father's house) at York
+added much to Earle's sketch-book; and we have to fall back on what
+Clarendon says of his delightful conversation, and by implication, of his
+delight in it. In the society of a University and in the life of a
+University town there would be presented to an observer of his exceptional
+penetration enough of the fusion or confusion of classes to furnish the
+analytical powers with a tolerably wide field.
+
+And Earle does not suffer by comparison with his rivals. "The concise
+narrative manner"[AF] of Theophrastus, though in its way as humorously
+informing as we find Plautus and Terence, and as we should have found the
+New Comedy which they copied, leaves us a little cold from the looseness
+or the connexion in the quasi-narrative: we rise a little unsatisfied from
+the ingenious banquet of conversational scraps; we desire more. Overbury,
+again, says less than Earle, and is more artificial in saying it. Butler
+and Bishop Hall too directly suggest _the essay_[AG] and the sermon. In no
+one of them is brevity so obviously the soul of wit as it is in Earle; no
+one of them is so humorously thoughtful, so lucid in conception, so
+striking in phrase.
+
+When one has reckoned up all these gifts, and all that his friends and
+contemporaries said of him, and remember also who and what these friends
+were, one is not startled by the eulogistic epitaph in Merton College
+Chapel; these words are as moving as they are strong:
+
+    Si nomen ejus necdum suboleat, Lector,
+      Nomen ejus ut pretiosa unguenta;
+        Johannes Earle Eboracensis.
+
+But his own choicer Latin in the epitaph he wrote for the learned Peter
+Heylin would serve no less well for himself; and the beautiful brevity of
+its closing cadences has so much of the distinction of his English, and
+puts so forcibly what Earle deserves to have said of him, that it may
+fitly be the last word here:
+
+     Plura ejusmodi meditanti
+      mors indixit silentium:
+          ut sileatur
+        efficere non potest.
+
+                                                        S.T.I.
+
+Clifton, May, 1896.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] It came out in 1811. Forty-four years afterwards he wrote that in his
+interleaved copy the list of Seventeenth Century Characters had increased
+fourfold--good evidence of his affection for and interest in Earle's
+Characters. Yet he despaired of anyone republishing a book so "common and
+unimportant" (??). (See Arber's reprint of Earle.) It is to the credit of
+Bristol that this pessimism has not been justified.
+
+[B] Since writing this preface I have added a small supplementary
+appendix; but there is nothing in it to require much qualification of the
+opinion here expressed. It was hardly possible, as I gather, for Bliss to
+have known of the Durham MS.
+
+[C] Mr. John Morley has called Pattison's standard "the highest of our
+time." Bliss's conception of an editor's duties is well illustrated in the
+note on p. 73.
+
+[D] "Varium ac multiplicem expetens cultum deus."--_Mori Utopia Lib. II._
+
+[E] Vol. iii., pp. 153 and 154.
+
+[F] Were the unorthodox opinions of Hobbes known to his friends as early
+as 1647? If so, Earle could hardly have been very curious in scenting out
+heresy, for Clarendon hopes Earle's intercession may secure for him a book
+of Hobbes's. (See letters of Clarendon in Supplementary Appendix.)
+
+[G] Professor Jebb, in his edition of The Characters of Theophrastus. I
+rejoice to see that Professor Jebb assigns Earle a place of far more
+distinction than is implied in the measured tribute of Hallam. His preface
+furnishes lovers of Earle with just those reasoned opinions with which
+instinctive attraction desires to justify itself; and I take this
+opportunity of acknowledging my great obligations to it.
+
+[H] Hallam. The same tone is taken in the article on Earle in the
+"Encyclopaedia Britannica."
+
+[I] Mr. Bridges indeed, ("Achilles in Scyros"), finds that this character
+has been always with us, and gives it a place in the Heroic Age. The
+passage has almost the note of Troilus and Cressida:--
+
+                  "My invitation, Sir,
+    Was but my seal of full denial, a challenge
+    For honor's eye not to be taken up.
+    Your master hath slipped in manners."
+
+
+
+[J] We may compare Matthew Arnold's travelling companion ("Essays in
+Criticism," 1st Edition, Preface), who was so nervous about railway
+murders, and who refused to be consoled by being reminded that though the
+worst should happen, there would still be the old crush at the corner of
+Fenchurch Street, and that he would not be missed: "the great mundane
+movement would still go on!"
+
+[K] Chaucer could hardly have been well-known in 1811, or Dr. Bliss would
+scarcely have quoted in full the most familiar character in his Prologue;
+but I could not find courage to excise, or lay a profane hand on any of
+his notes.
+
+[L] It is, perhaps, superfluous to say that no disrespect is intended to
+the Author of the "Ring and the Book"; but it would be difficult to find
+another poet who has had so many of the equivocal tributes of fashion.
+
+[M] Sir Thomas Browne, "Christian Morals."
+
+[N] "So infinite a fancy, bound in by a most logical
+ratiocination."--_Clarendon (of Lord Falkland)._
+
+[O] Clarendon.
+
+[P] "A great cherisher of good parts ... and if he found men clouded with
+poverty, or want, a most liberal and bountiful patron."--_Clarendon, ib._
+
+[Q] Clarendon, _ib._
+
+[R] Between Earle himself and Berkeley there is much resemblance. Of
+Berkeley too it would have been said--"a person certainly of the sweetest
+and most obliging nature that lived in our age"; and this resemblance
+extends beyond their social gifts or their cast of mind, even to their
+language. Earle's "vulgar-spirited" man, with whom "to thrive is to do
+well," recalls a famous passage in the Siris.
+
+"He that hath not thought much about God, the human soul, and the _summum
+bonum_, may indeed be a _thriving_ earth-worm, but he will make a sorry
+patriot, and a sorry statesman."
+
+[S] Is this from Pliny's Letters? "Totum patrem mira similitudine
+exscripserat."--_Lib._ V. xvi.
+
+[T] One may recall, too, the famous words of the Sophoclean Ajax to his
+son in connection with Earle's phrases. "He is not come to his task of
+melancholy," "he arrives not at the mischief of being wise," read like a
+free translation of Soph. Ajax, II. 554 and 555.
+
+[U] Perhaps the simile in AEn. viii. 408 and one or two other places would
+justify us in calling this also Virgilian, as, indeed, one may call most
+good things.
+
+[V] Clarendon--his character of Lord Falkland.
+
+[W] There are certain things not at all sombre applicable not only to our
+day, but to our _hour_, _e.g._ "the poet (I regret to say he is 'a pot
+poet,') now much employed in commendations of our navy"; or this, "His
+father sent him to the University, because he heard there were the best
+fencing and dancing schools there." If we substitute athletics of some
+kind, we have a very modern reason for the existence of such things as
+Universities accepted as sound by both parents and children. _cf._ too Dr.
+Bliss's note on the serving-man, and its quotation, "An' a man have not
+skill in the hawking and hunting languages nowadays, I'll not give a rush
+for him!"
+
+[X] _cf._ Falconbridge in "King John":
+
+    "And if his name be George I'll call him Peter,
+    For new-made honour doth forget men's names."
+
+It is this character which was the occasion of the most delightful of all
+stories of absence of mind, and though, doubtless, familiar to many, I
+cannot resist repeating it. The poet Rogers was looking at a new picture
+in the National Gallery in company with a friend. Rogers was soon
+satisfied, but his friend was still absorbed. "I say," said Rogers, "_that
+fellow_ [Earle's insolent man] was at Holland House again last night, and
+he came up and asked me if my name was Rogers." "Yes," said the friend,
+still intent on the picture, "_and was it_?
+
+[Y] The article in the "Dictionary of National Biography" lays stress on
+the freedom from conceits in Earle's few poems at a time when conceits
+were universal. The lines on Sir John Burroughs contain a couplet which is
+wonderfully close to Wordsworth's "Happy Warrior":
+
+    "His rage was tempered well, no fear could daunt
+    _His reason_, his _cold_ blood was valiant."
+
+    _cf._ "Who in the heat of conflict keeps _the law_
+    In _calmness_ made."
+
+Earle's standard in poetry was high. "Dr. Earle would not allow Lord
+Falkland to be a good poet though a Great Witt," yet many poets praised
+his verses. Aubrey, who tells us of Earle's opinion, confirms it. "He
+(Lord Falkland) writt not a smooth verse, but a great deal of sense."
+
+[Z] "The Trimmer" is no doubt a political manifesto--but no retreat from
+politics could have chastened Halifax's style into a resemblance to
+Earle's; when the "Character" became a political weapon, its literary
+identity was all but at an end. "The Trimmer" is commended by Macaulay in
+his History, where it will be remembered he pays a tribute to its
+"vivacity."
+
+[AA] Quintilian uses it of Thucydides.
+
+[AB] The "She precise hypocrite" is a striking example--one of Earle's
+most humorous pieces.
+
+_cf._ also "The plain country fellow."
+
+[AC] The pictures, with the moral attached, are best seen in places: in
+"The Tavern, the best theatre of natures"; in "The Bowl-alley, an emblem
+of the world where some few justle in to the mistress fortune"; in Paul's
+Walk, "where all inventions are emptied and not a few pockets!"
+
+[AD] Professor Jebb, preface to "The Characters of Theophrastus."
+
+[AE] Anthony Wood.
+
+[AF] Professor Jebb.
+
+[AG] Professor Jebb justly replies to Hallam that if La Bruyere is far
+superior to Theophrastus the scope of the two writers makes the comparison
+unfair. The difference between them may perhaps be expressed by saying
+that an essay was the last thing that the master and the first thing that
+the disciple was anxious to produce.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+OF THE
+
+SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.
+
+
+(1) THE DURHAM MS.
+
+In the Cathedral Library at Durham is a small bound volume which contains
+forty-six of Earle's Characters, bearing date 1627[AH],--the date of the
+first edition being 1628. I was enabled by the kindness of Dr. Greenwell,
+the Librarian, to take it away and examine it at leisure; and the courtesy
+of the University Librarian, Dr. Fowler, furnished me with an exact
+collation of the MS. versions with the printed text[AI] of these
+forty-six Characters, the original of the contributions made by him to
+"Notes and Queries," and referred to in the "Dictionary of National
+Biography."
+
+(2) I have printed, besides, some other versions quoted by Bliss from "Dr.
+Bright's MS.," and incorporated in his annotated copy of his own book.
+These are often the same with those of the Durham MS. I should mention
+that though this annotated copy is in the Bodleian Library, the
+Sub-Librarian, Mr. Falconer Madan, "knows of no 'Bright MS.,'[AJ] nor
+where Bliss's MS. with that name is." The copy in question contains so
+much additional matter that I have added a few things from it, but my
+space was necessarily limited; there is good evidence in it of Bliss's
+statement that he had continued collecting materials for the book for
+forty-four years after its publication. Moreover, in the "Bliss Sale
+Catalogue" in the Bodleian there are some 530 books of Characters
+(including duplicates). I am myself in possession, as I believe, of a copy
+of Bliss's edition which belonged to himself, and which is annotated by
+himself and Haslewood.[AK] It contains a castrated title-page (originally
+Bliss suppressed his name) and a notice of the book in the "Monthly
+Review" of 1812.
+
+(3) I have added a few "testimonies" to Earle from Anthony Wood and
+others.
+
+(4) I have printed three letters from Clarendon to Earle from the
+"Clarendon State Papers," with short extracts from two others; as well as
+two letters of Earle's from the Bodleian Library--interesting rather as
+personal relics than as containing anything very significant. All that
+relates to its author will, I believe, be acceptable to lovers of the
+"Cosmography."
+
+For this additional matter, as well as for other help and counsel, I am
+indebted to Mr. Charles Firth, of Balliol College, Oxford, whose learning
+is always at the service of his friends, and who stands in no need of the
+old injunction--"not to be reserved and caitiff in this part of goodness."
+
+(5) From a notebook of Bliss's (in MS.) in my possession I have added a
+few titles of Books of Characters.
+
+I have retained in this Appendix the spelling I found. Bliss's text has,
+with a few exceptions (possibly accidental), the modern spelling.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AH] Dec. 14th, 1627. [At the end, by way of Colophon:] at the top of page
+1, in a different hand, "Edw. Blunt Author." This MS. was obviously one of
+"the _written copies_, passing severally from hand to hand, which grew at
+length to be a pretty number in a little volume." (See Blount's Preface to
+the Reader.)
+
+[AI] As it appears in Arber's Reprint.
+
+[AJ] The "Bright MS." was obviously later than that in the Durham
+Cathedral Library, since it contained several Characters known to have
+been added to the first edition.
+
+[AK] Joseph Haslewood, Antiquary. One of the founders of the Roxburghe
+Club.
+
+
+
+
+  MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+  OR
+
+  A Piece of the World discovered;
+
+  IN
+
+  ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+  BY JOHN EARLE, D.D.
+
+  OF CHRIST-CHURCH AND MERTON COLLEGES, OXFORD,
+  AND BISHOP OF SALISBURY.
+
+  A NEW EDITION.
+
+  TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
+
+  NOTES AND AN APPENDIX,
+
+  BY PHILIP BLISS,
+
+  FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD.
+
+  _LONDON:_
+
+  PRINTED FOR WHITE AND COCHRANE, FLEET-STREET;
+  AND
+  JOHN HARDING. ST. JAMES'S-STREET.
+
+  1811.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT.
+
+
+The present edition of Bishop Earle's Characters was undertaken from an
+idea that they were well worthy of republication, and that the present
+period, when the productions of our early English writers are sought after
+with an avidity hitherto unexampled, would be the most favourable for
+their appearance.
+
+The text has been taken from the edition of 1732, collated with the first
+impression in 1628. The variations from the latter are thus
+distinguished:--those words or passages which have been added since the
+first edition are contained between brackets, [and printed in the common
+type]; those which have received some alteration, are printed in _italic_,
+and the passages, as they stand in the first edition, are always given in
+a note.
+
+For the Notes, Appendix, and Index, the editor is entirely answerable, and
+although he is fully aware that many superfluities will be censured, many
+omissions discovered, and many errors pointed out, he hopes that the
+merits of the original author will, in a great measure, compensate for the
+false judgment or neglect of his reviver.
+
+_January_ 30, 1811.
+
+
+
+
+THE PREFACE
+
+[TO THE EDITION OF 1732[AL].]
+
+
+This little book had six editions between 1628 and 1633, without any
+author's name to recommend it: I have heard of an eighth in 1664. From
+that of 33 this present edition is reprinted, without altering any thing
+but the plain errors of the press, and the old pointing and spelling in
+some places.
+
+The language is generally easy, and proves our English tongue not to be so
+very changeable as is commonly supposed; nay, sometimes the phrase seems a
+little obscure, more by the mistakes of the printer than the distance of
+time. Here and there we meet with a broad expression, and some characters
+are far below others; nor is it to be expected that so great a variety of
+portraits should all be drawn with equal excellence, though there are
+scarce any without some masterly touches. The change of fashions
+unavoidably casts a shade upon a few places, yet even those contain an
+exact picture of the age wherein they were written, as the rest does of
+mankind in general: for reflections founded upon nature will be just in
+the main, as long as men are men, though the particular instances of vice
+and folly may be diversified. Paul's Walk is now no more, but then good
+company adjourn to coffee-houses, and, at the reasonable fine of two or
+three pence, throw away as much of their precious time as they find
+troublesome.
+
+Perhaps these valuable essays may be as acceptable to the public now as
+they were at first; both for the entertainment of those who are already
+experienced in the ways of mankind, and for the information of others who
+would know the world the best way, that is--without trying it[AM].
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AL] _London: Printed by E. Say, Anno Domini_ M.DCC.XXXII.
+
+[AM] A short account of Earle, taken from the _Athenae Oxonienses_ is here
+omitted.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+
+[TO THE EDITION OF 1786[AN].]
+
+
+As this entertaining little book is become rather scarce, and is replete
+with so much good sense and genuine humour, which, though in part adapted
+to the times when it first appeared, seems, on the whole, by no means
+inapplicable to any aera of mankind, the editor conceives that there needs
+little apology for the republication. A farther inducement is, his having,
+from very good authority, lately discovered[AO] that these _Characters_
+(hitherto known only under the title of _Blount's_[AP]), were actually
+drawn by the able pencil of JOHN EARLE, who was formerly bishop of Sarum,
+having been translated to that see from Worcester, A.D. 1663, and died at
+Oxford, 1665.
+
+Isaac Walton, in his Life of Hooker, delineates the character of the said
+venerable prelate.
+
+It appears from Antony Wood's Athen. Oxon. under the Life of Bishop Earle,
+that this book was first of all published at London in 1628, under the
+name of "_Edward Blount_."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AN] _"Microcosmography; or, a Piece of the World characterized; in Essays
+and Characters. London, printed A.D. 1650. Salisbury, Reprinted and sold
+by E. Easton, 1786. Sold also by G. and T. Wilkie, St. Paul's Church-yard,
+London."_
+
+[AO] I regret extremely that I am unable to put the reader in possession
+of this very acute discoverer's name.
+
+[AP] This mistake originated with Langbaine, who, in his account of Lilly,
+calls Blount "a gentleman who has made himself known to the world by the
+several pieces of his own writing, (as _Horae Subsecivae_, his
+_Microcosmography_, &c.") _Dramatic Poets_, 8vo, 1691, p. 327.
+
+
+
+
+EDITIONS OF "MICROCOSMOGRAPHY."
+
+
+The first edition (of which the Bodleian possesses a copy, 8vo. P. 154.
+Theol.) was printed with the following title: "_Microcosmographie: or, a
+Peece of the World discovered; In Essayes and Characters. Newly composed
+for the Northerne parts of this Kingdome. At London. Printed by W. S. for
+Ed. Blount, 1628_." This contains only fifty-four characters[AQ], which in
+the present edition are placed first. I am unable to speak of any
+subsequent copy, till one in the following year, (1629), printed for
+Robert Allot[AR], and called in the title "_The first edition much
+enlarged_." This, as Mr. Henry Ellis kindly informs me, from a copy in the
+British Museum, possesses seventy-six characters. The _sixth_ was printed
+for Allot, in 1633, (_Bodl. Mar._ 441,) and has seventy-eight, the
+additional ones being "a herald," and "a suspicious, or jealous man." The
+_seventh_ appeared in 1638, for Andrew Crooke, agreeing precisely with the
+sixth; and in 1650 the _eighth_. A copy of the latter is in the curious
+library of Mr. Hill, and, as Mr. Park acquaints me, is without any
+specific edition numbered in the title. I omit that noticed by the editor
+of 1732, as printed in 1664, for if such a volume did exist, which I much
+doubt, it was nothing more than a copy of the eighth with a new
+title-page. In 1732 appeared the _ninth_, which was a reprint of the
+_sixth_, executed with care and judgment. I have endeavoured in vain to
+discover to whom we are indebted for this republication of bishop Earle's
+curious volume, but it is probable that the person who undertook it, found
+so little encouragement in his attempt to revive a taste for the
+productions of our early writers, that he suffered his name to remain
+unknown. Certain it is that the impression, probably not a large one, did
+not sell speedily, as I have seen a copy, bearing date 1740, under the
+name of "_The World display'd: or several Essays; consisting of the
+various Characters and Passions of its principal Inhabitants_," &c.
+London, printed for C. Ward, and R. Chandler. The edition printed at
+Salisbury, in 1786, (which has only seventy-four characters,) with that
+now offered to the public, close the list.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AQ] Having never seen or been able to hear of any copy of the second,
+third, or fourth editions, I am unable to point out when the additional
+characters first appeared.
+
+[AR] Robert Allot, better known as the editor of _England's Parnassus_,
+appears to have succeeded Blount in several of his copy-rights, among
+others, in that of Shakspeare, as the second edition (1632) was printed
+for him.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+  _Preface to the Reprint of 1897_                            vii.
+
+  Advertisement to the present edition (1811)                      xlv.
+
+  Preface to the edition of 1732                                 xlvii.
+
+  Advertisement to the edition of 1786                            xlix.
+
+  Editions of _Microcosmography_                               li.
+
+  Blount's Preface to the Reader                                   lix.
+
+
+  A child                                                                1
+
+  A young raw preacher                                                   4
+
+  A grave divine                                                         8
+
+  A meer dull physician                                                 11
+
+  An alderman                                                           16
+
+  A discontented man                                                    18
+
+  An antiquary                                                          20
+
+  A younger brother                                                     22
+
+  A meer formal man                                                     25
+
+  A church papist                                                       27
+
+  A self-conceited man                                                  29
+
+  A too idly reserved man                                               31
+
+  A tavern                                                              34
+
+  A shark                                                               37
+
+  A carrier                                                             40
+
+  A young man                                                           42
+
+  An old college butler                                                 45
+
+  An upstart country knight                                             48
+
+  An idle gallant                                                       51
+
+  A constable                                                           53
+
+  A downright scholar                                                   54
+
+  A plain country fellow                                                57
+
+  A player                                                              60
+
+  A detractor                                                           63
+
+  A young gentleman of the university                                   65
+
+  A weak man                                                            68
+
+  A tobacco-seller                                                      70
+
+  A pot poet                                                            71
+
+  A plausible man                                                       74
+
+  A bowl-alley                                                          76
+
+  The world's wise man                                                  78
+
+  A surgeon                                                             80
+
+  A contemplative man                                                   82
+
+  A she precise hypocrite                                               84
+
+  A sceptick in religion                                                88
+
+  An attorney                                                           93
+
+  A partial man                                                         95
+
+  A trumpeter                                                           97
+
+  A vulgar spirited man                                                 98
+
+  A plodding student                                                   101
+
+  Paul's walk                                                          103
+
+  A cook                                                               106
+
+  A bold forward man                                                   108
+
+  A baker                                                              111
+
+  A pretender to learning                                              112
+
+  A herald                                                             115
+
+  The common singing-men in cathedral churches                         116
+
+  A shop-keeper                                                        118
+
+  A blunt man                                                          119
+
+  A handsome hostess                                                   122
+
+  A critic                                                             123
+
+  A serjeant, or catch-pole                                            124
+
+  An university dun                                                    126
+
+  A stayed man                                                         128
+
+  [All from this character were added after the first edition.]
+
+  A modest man                                                         131
+
+  A meer empty wit                                                     134
+
+  A drunkard                                                           136
+
+  A prison                                                             138
+
+  A serving-man                                                        140
+
+  An insolent man                                                      142
+
+  Acquaintance                                                         144
+
+  A meer complimental man                                              147
+
+  A poor fiddler                                                       149
+
+  A meddling-man                                                       151
+
+  A good old man                                                       153
+
+  A flatterer                                                          155
+
+  A high spirited man                                                  158
+
+  A meer gull citizen                                                  160
+
+  A lascivious man                                                     165
+
+  A rash man                                                           167
+
+  An affected man                                                      169
+
+  A profane man                                                        171
+
+  A coward                                                             173
+
+  A sordid rich man                                                    174
+
+  A meer great man                                                     177
+
+  A poor man                                                           179
+
+  An ordinary honest man                                               181
+
+  A suspicious, or jealous man                                         183
+
+  APPENDIX.
+
+  Some account of bishop Earle[AS]                                     186
+
+  Characters of bishop Earle                                           194
+
+  List of Dr. Earle's Works                                            197
+
+  Lines on sir John Burroughs                                          199
+
+  Lines on the death of the earl of Pembroke                           201
+
+  Lines on Mr. Beaumont                                                203
+
+  Dedication to the Latin translation of the [Greek: Eikon Basilike]   207
+
+  Inscription on Dr. Heylin's monument                                 211
+
+  Correspondence between Dr. Earle and Mr. Bagster                     213
+
+  Inscription in Streglethorp church                                   217
+
+  Chronological List of Books of Characters, from 1567
+  to 1700                                                              219
+
+  Corrections and additions                                            279
+
+  A note on bishop Earle's arms, from _Guillim's Heraldry_             282
+
+  _Supplementary Appendix, 1897, (Durham MS., Letters
+  of Earle and Clarendon, etc.)_                                       303
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AS] It will be remarked, that Dr. Earle's name is frequently spelled
+_Earle_ and _Earles_ in the following pages. Wherever the editor has had
+occasion to use the name himself, he has invariably called it _Earle_,
+conceiving that to be the proper orthography. Wherever it is found
+_Earles_, he has attended strictly to the original, from which the article
+or information has been derived.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE READER[AT].
+
+
+I have (for once) adventured to play the midwife's part, helping to bring
+forth these infants into the world, which the father would have smothered;
+who having left them lapt up in loose sheets, as soon as his fancy was
+delivered of them, written especially for his private recreation, to pass
+away the time in the country, and by the forcible request of friends drawn
+from him: yet, passing severally from hand to hand, in written copies,
+grew at length to be a pretty number in a little volume: and among so many
+sundry dispersed transcripts, some very imperfect and surreptitious had
+liked to have passed the press, if the author had not used speedy means of
+prevention; when, perceiving the hazard he ran to be wronged, was
+unwillingly[AU] willing to let them pass as now they appear to the world.
+If any faults have escaped the press (as few books can be printed
+without), impose them not on the author, I intreat thee; but rather impute
+them to mine and the printer's oversight, who seriously promise, on the
+re-impression hereof, by greater care and diligence for this our former
+default, to make thee ample satisfaction. In the mean while, I remain
+
+  Thine,
+
+  ED. BLOUNT[AV].
+
+[Illustration]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AT] _Gentile, or Gentle_, 8th edit. 1650.
+
+[AU] Willingly, 8th edit. evidently a typographical error.
+
+[AV] Edward Blount, who lived at the Black Bear, Saint Paul's Church-yard,
+appears to have been a bookseller of respectability, and in some respects
+a man of letters. Many dedications and prefaces, with as much merit as
+compositions of this nature generally possess, bear his name, and there is
+every reason to suppose that he translated a work from the Italian, which
+is intituled "_The Hospitall of Incurable Fooles_," &c. 4to. 1600. Mr.
+Ames has discovered, from the Stationer's Register, that he was the son of
+Ralph Blount or Blunt, merchant-taylor of London; that he was apprenticed
+to William Ponsonby, in 1578, and made free in 1588. It is no slight
+honour to his taste and judgment, that he was one of the partners in the
+first edition of Shakspeare.
+
+
+
+
+MICROCOSMOGRAPHY;
+
+_or_,
+
+_A piece of the World characterized_.
+
+
+
+
+I.
+
+A CHILD
+
+
+Is a man in a small letter, yet the best copy of Adam before he tasted of
+Eve or the apple; and he is happy whose small practice in the world can
+only write his character. He is nature's fresh picture newly drawn in oil,
+which time, and much handling, dims and defaces. His soul is yet a white
+paper[1] unscribbled with observations of the world, wherewith, at length,
+it becomes a blurred note-book. He is purely happy, because he knows no
+evil, nor hath made means by sin to be acquainted with misery. He arrives
+not at the mischief of being wise, nor endures evils to come, by
+fore-seeing them. He kisses and loves all, and, when the smart of the rod
+is past, smiles on his beater. Nature and his parents alike dandle him,
+and tice him on with a bait of sugar to a draught of wormwood. He plays
+yet, like a young prentice the first day, and is not come to his task of
+melancholy. [[2]All the language he speaks yet is tears, and they serve
+him well enough to express his necessity.] His hardest labour is his
+tongue, as if he were loath to use so deceitful an organ; and he is best
+company with it when he can but prattle. We laugh at his foolish ports,
+
+    Shakspeare, of a child, says,
+        "---- the hand of time
+        Shall draw this brief into as huge a volume."
+
+    _K. John II._ i.
+
+but his game is our earnest; and his drums, rattles, and hobby-horses, but
+the emblems and mocking of man's business. His father hath writ him as his
+own little story, wherein he reads those days of his life that he cannot
+remember, and sighs to see what innocence he hath out-lived. The elder he
+grows, he is a stair lower from God; and, like his first father, much
+worse in his breeches.[3] He is the Christian's example, and the old man's
+relapse; the one imitates his pureness, and the other falls into his
+simplicity. Could he put off his body with his little coat, he had got
+eternity without a burden, and exchanged but one heaven for another.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] So Washbourne, in his _Divine Poems_, 12mo. 1654:
+
+    "---- ere 'tis accustom'd unto sin,
+    _The mind white paper_ is, and will admit
+    Of any lesson you will write in it."--p. 26.
+
+
+
+[2] This, and every other passage throughout the volume, [included between
+brackets,] does not appear in the first edition of 1628.
+
+[3] Adam did not, to use the words of the old Geneva Bible, "make himself
+breeches," till he knew sin: the meaning of the passage in the text is
+merely that, as a child advances in age, he commonly proceeds in the
+knowledge and commission of vice and immorality.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+A YOUNG RAW PREACHER
+
+
+Is a bird not yet fledged, that hath hopped out of his nest to be chirping
+on a hedge, and will be straggling abroad at what peril soever. His
+backwardness in the university hath set him thus forward; for had he not
+truanted there, he had not been so hasty a divine. His small standing, and
+time, hath made him a proficient only in boldness, out of which, and his
+table-book, he is furnished for a preacher. His collections of study are
+the notes of sermons, which, taken up at St. Mary's,[4] he utters in the
+country: and if he write brachigraphy,[5] his stock is so much the
+better. His writing is more than his reading, for he reads only what he
+gets without book. Thus accomplished he comes down to his friends, and his
+first salutation is grace and peace out of the pulpit. His prayer is
+conceited, and no man remembers his college more at large.[6] The pace of
+his sermon is a full career, and he runs wildly over hill and dale, till
+the clock stop him. The labour of it is chiefly in his lungs; and the only
+thing he has made[7] _in_ it himself, is the faces. He takes on against
+the pope without mercy, and has a jest still in lavender for Bellarmine:
+yet he preaches heresy, if it comes in his way, though with a mind, I must
+needs say, very orthodox. His action is all passion, and his speech
+interjections. He has an excellent faculty in bemoaning the people, and
+spits with a very good grace. [His stile is compounded of twenty several
+men's, only his body imitates some one extraordinary.] He will not draw
+his handkercher out of his place, nor blow his nose without discretion.
+His commendation is, that he never looks upon book; and indeed he was
+never used to it. He preaches but once a year, though twice on Sunday; for
+the stuff is still the same, only the dressing a little altered: he has
+more tricks with a sermon, than a taylor with an old cloak, to turn it,
+and piece it, and at last quite disguise it with a new preface. If he have
+waded farther in his profession, and would shew reading of his own, his
+authors are postils, and his school-divinity a catechism. His fashion and
+demure habit gets him in with some town-precisian, and makes him a guest
+on Friday nights. You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape, and serge
+facing; and his ruff, next his hair, the shortest thing about him. The
+companion of his walk is some zealous tradesman, whom he astonishes with
+strange points, which they both understand alike. His friends and much
+painfulness may prefer him to thirty pounds a year, and this means to a
+chambermaid; with whom we leave him now in the bonds of wedlock:--next
+Sunday you shall have him again.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] St. Mary's church was originally built by king Alfred, and annexed to
+the University of Oxford, for the use of the scholars, when St. Giles's
+and St. Peter's (which were till then appropriated to them,) had been
+mined by the violence of the Danes. It was totally rebuilt during the
+reign of Henry VII., who gave forty oaks towards the materials; and is, to
+this day, the place of worship in which the public sermons are preached
+before the members of the university.
+
+[5] _Brachigraphy_, or short-hand-writing, appears to have been much
+studied in our author's time, and was probably esteemed a fashionable
+accomplishment. It was first introduced into this country by Peter Bales,
+who, in 1590, published _The Writing Schoolmaster_, a treatise consisting
+of three parts, the first "of Brachygraphie, that is, to write as fast as
+a man speaketh treatably, writing but one letter for a word;" the second,
+of Orthography; and the third, of Calligraphy. Imprinted at London, by T.
+Orwin, &c. 1590. 4to. A second edition, "with sundry new additions,"
+appeared in 1597. 12mo. Imprinted at London, by George Shawe, &c.
+Holinshed gives the following description of one of Bale's
+performances:--"The tenth of August (1575,) a rare peece of worke, and
+almost incredible, was brought to passe by an Englishman borne in the
+citie of London, named Peter Bales, who by his industrie and practise of
+his pen, contriued and writ within the compasse of a penie, in Latine, the
+Lord's praier, the creed, the ten commandements, a praier to God, a praier
+for the queene, his posie, his name, the daie of the moneth, the yeare of
+our Lord, and the reigne of the queene. And on the seuenteenthe of August
+next following, at Hampton court, he presented the same to the queene's
+maiestie, in the head of a ring of gold, couered with a christall; and
+presented therewith an excellent spectacle by him deuised, for the easier
+reading thereof: wherewith hir maiestie read all that was written therein
+with great admiration, and commended the same to the lords of the
+councell, and the ambassadors, and did weare the same manie times vpon hir
+finger." _Holinshed's Chronicle, page 1262, b. edit, folio, Lond. 1587._
+
+[6] It is customary in all sermons delivered before the University, to use
+an introductory prayer for the founder of, and principal benefactors to,
+the preacher's individual college, as well as for the officers and members
+of the university in general. This, however, would appear very ridiculous
+when "_he comes down to his friends_" or, in other words, preaches before
+a country congregation.
+
+[7] _of_, first edit. 1628.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+A GRAVE DIVINE
+
+
+Is one that knows the burthen of his calling, and hath studied to make his
+shoulders sufficient; for which he hath not been hasty to launch forth of
+his port, the university, but expected the ballast of learning, and the
+wind of opportunity. Divinity is not the beginning but the end of his
+studies; to which he takes the ordinary stair, and makes the arts his way.
+He counts it not prophaneness to be polished with human reading, or to
+smooth his way by Aristotle to school-divinity. He has sounded both
+religions, and anchored in the best, and is a protestant out of judgment,
+not faction; not because his country, but his reason is on this side. The
+ministry is his choice, not refuge, and yet the pulpit not his itch, but
+fear. His discourse is substance, not all rhetoric, and he utters more
+things than words. His speech is not helped with inforced action, but the
+matter acts itself. He shoots all his meditations at one but; and beats
+upon his text, not the cushion; making his hearers, not the pulpit groan.
+In citing of popish errors, he cuts them with arguments, not cudgels them
+with barren invectives; and labours more to shew the truth of his cause
+than the spleen. His sermon is limited by the method, not the hour-glass;
+and his devotion goes along with him out of the pulpit. He comes not up
+thrice a week, because he would not be idle; nor talks three hours
+together, because he would not talk nothing: but his tongue preaches at
+fit times, and his conversation is the every day's exercise. In matters
+of ceremony, he is not ceremonious, but thinks he owes that reverence to
+the church to bow his judgement to it, and make more conscience of schism,
+than a surplice. He esteems the church hierarchy as the church's glory,
+and however we jar with Rome, would not have our confusion distinguish us.
+In simoniacal purchases he thinks his soul goes in the bargain, and is
+loath to come by promotion so dear; yet his worth at length advances him,
+and the price of his own merit buys him a living. He is no base grater of
+his tythes, and will not wrangle for the odd egg. The lawyer is the only
+man he hinders, by whom he is spited for taking up quarrels. He is a main
+pillar of our church, though not yet dean or canon, and his life our
+religion's best apology. His death is the last sermon, where, in the
+pulpit of his bed, he instructs men to die by his example.[8]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8] I cannot forbear to close this admirable character with the beautiful
+description of a "_poure Persone_," _riche of holy thought and werk_,
+given by the father of English poetry:--
+
+    "Benigne he was, and wonder diligent,
+    And in adversite ful patient:
+    And swiche he was ypreved often sithes.
+    Ful loth were him to cursen for his tythes,
+    But rather wolde he yeven out of doute,
+    Unto his poure parishens aboute,
+    Of his offring, and eke of his substance.
+    He coude in litel thing have suffisance.
+    Wide was his parish, and houses fer asonder,
+    But he ne left nought for no rain ne thonder,
+    In sikenesse and in mischief to visite
+    The ferrest in his parish, moche and lite,
+    Upon his fete, and in his hand a staf.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    And though he holy were, and vertuous,
+    He was to sinful men not dispitous,
+    Ne of his speche dangerous ne digne,
+    But in his teching discrete and benigne.
+    To drawen folk to heven, with fairenesse,
+    By good ensample, was his besinesse.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    He waited after no pompe ne reverence,
+    Ne maked him no spiced conscience,
+    But Cristes lore, and his apostles twelve,
+    He taught, but first he folwed it himselve."
+
+    _Chaucer, Prol. to Cant. Tales, v._ 485.
+
+We may surely conclude with a line from the same poem,
+
+    "A better preest I trowe that nowher non is."
+
+
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+A MEER DULL PHYSICIAN.
+
+
+His practice is some business at bedsides, and his speculation an urinal:
+he is distinguished from an empiric, by a round velvet cap and doctor's
+gown, yet no man takes degrees more superfluously, for he is doctor
+howsoever. He is sworn to Galen and Hippocrates, as university men to
+their statutes, though they never saw them; and his discourse is all
+aphorisms, though his reading be only Alexis of Piedmont,[9] or the
+Regiment of Health.[10] The best cure he has done, is upon his own purse,
+which from a lean sickliness he hath made lusty, and in flesh. His
+learning consists much in reckoning up the hard names of diseases, and the
+superscriptions of gally-pots in his apothecary's shop, which are ranked
+in his shelves, and the doctor's memory. He is, indeed, only languaged in
+diseases, and speaks Greek many times when he knows not. If he have been
+but a by-stander at some desperate recovery, he is slandered with it
+though he be guiltless; and this breeds his reputation, and that his
+practice, for his skill is merely opinion. Of all odours he likes best the
+smell of urine, and holds Vespasian's[11] rule, that no gain is unsavory.
+If you send this once to him you must resolve to be sick howsoever, for he
+will never leave examining your water, till he has shaked it into a
+disease:[12] then follows a writ to his drugger in a strange tongue, which
+he understands, though he cannot conster. If he see you himself, his
+presence is the worst visitation: for if he cannot heal your sickness, he
+will be sure to help it. He translates his apothecary's shop into your
+chamber, and the very windows and benches must take physic. He tells you
+your malady in Greek, though it be but a cold, or headach; which by good
+endeavour and diligence he may bring to some moment indeed. His most
+unfaithful act is, that he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
+death and he have a quarrel and must not meet; but his fear is, lest the
+carkass should bleed.[13] Anatomies, and other spectacles of mortality,
+have hardened him, and he is no more struck with a funeral than a
+grave-maker. Noble-men use him for a director of their stomach, and ladies
+for wantonness,[14] especially if he be a proper man.[15] If he be single,
+he is in league with his she-apothecary; and because it is the physician,
+the husband is patient. If he have leisure to be idle (that is to study,)
+he has a smatch at alcumy, and is sick of the philosopher's stone; a
+disease uncurable, but by an abundant phlebotomy of the purse. His two
+main opposites are a mountebank and a good woman, and he never shews his
+learning so much as in an invective against them and their boxes. In
+conclusion, he is a sucking consumption, and a very brother to the worms,
+for they are both engendered out of man's corruption.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[9] _The secretes of the reverende maister Alexis of Piemount, containyng
+excellente remedies against diuers diseases_, &c. appear to have been a
+very favourite study either with the physicians, or their patients, about
+this period.
+
+They were originally written in Italian, and were translated into English
+by William Warde, of which editions were printed at London, in 1558, 1562,
+1595, and 1615. In 1603, a _fourth_ edition of a Latin version appeared at
+Basil; and from Ward's dedication to "the lorde Russell, erle of Bedford,"
+it seems that the French and Dutch were not without so great a treasure in
+their own languages. A specimen of the importance of this publication may
+be given in the title of the first secret. "The maner and secrete to
+conserue a man's youth, and to holde back olde age, to maintaine a man
+always in helth and strength, as in the fayrest floure of his yeres."
+
+[10] _The Regiment of Helthe_, by Thomas Paynell, is another volume of the
+same description, and was printed by Thomas Berthelette, in 1541. 4to.
+
+[11] _Vespatian_, tenth emperor of Rome, imposed a tax upon urine, and
+when his son Titus remonstrated with him on the meanness of the act,
+"Pecuniam," says Suetonius, "ex prima pensione admovit ad nares, suscitans
+_num odore offenderetur_? et illo negante, atqui, inquit, e lotio est."
+
+[12] "Vpon the market-day he is much haunted with vrinals, where, if he
+finde any thing, (though he knowe nothing,) yet hee will say some-what,
+which if it hit to some purpose, with a fewe fustian words, hee will seeme
+a piece of strange stuffe." Character of an unworthy physician. "_The Good
+and the Badde_," by Nicholas Breton. 4to. 1618.
+
+[13] That the murdered body bleeds at the approach of the murderer, was,
+in our author's time, a commonly received opinion. Holinshed affirms that
+the corps of Henry the Sixth bled as it was carrying for interment; and
+Sir Kenelm Digby so firmly believed in the truth of the report, that he
+has endeavoured to explain the reason. It is remarked by Mr. Steevens, in
+a note to _Shakspeare_, that the opinion seems to be derived from the
+ancient Swedes, or Northern nations, from whom we descend; as they
+practised this method of trial in all dubious cases.
+
+[14]
+
+    "Faith, doctor, it is well, thy study is to please
+    The female sex, and how their corp'rall griefes to ease."
+
+Goddard's "_Mastif Whelp_." Satires. 4to. Without date. Sat. 17.
+
+[15] _Proper_ for handsome.
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+AN ALDERMAN.
+
+
+He is venerable in his gown, more in his beard, wherewith he sets not
+forth so much his own, as the face of a city. You must look on him as one
+of the town gates, and consider him not as a body, but a corporation. His
+eminency above others hath made him a man of worship, for he had never
+been preferred, but that he was worth thousands. He over-sees the
+commonwealth, as his shop, and it is an argument of his policy, that he
+has thriven by his craft. He is a rigorous magistrate in his ward; yet his
+scale of justice is suspected, lest it be like the balances in his
+warehouse. A ponderous man he is, and substantial, for his weight is
+commonly extraordinary, and in his preferment nothing rises so much as his
+belly. His head is of no great depth, yet well furnished; and when it is
+in conjunction with his brethren, may bring forth a city apophthegm, or
+some such sage matter. He is one that will not hastily run into error, for
+he treads with great deliberation, and his judgment consists much in his
+pace. His discourse is commonly the annals of his mayoralty, and what good
+government there was in the days of his gold chain, though the door posts
+were the only things that suffered reformation. He seems most sincerely
+religious, especially on solemn days; for he comes often to church to make
+a shew, [and is a part of the quire hangings.] He is the highest stair of
+his profession, and an example to his trade, what in time they may come
+to. He makes very much of his authority, but more of his sattin doublet,
+which, though of good years, bears its age very well, and looks fresh
+every Sunday: but his scarlet gown is a monument, and lasts from
+generation to generation.
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+A DISCONTENTED MAN
+
+
+Is one that is fallen out with the world, and will be revenged on himself.
+Fortune has denied him in something, and he now takes pet, and will be
+miserable in spite. The root of his disease is a self-humouring pride, and
+an accustomed tenderness not to be crossed in his fancy; and the occasion
+commonly of one of these three, a hard father, a peevish wench, or his
+ambition thwarted. He considered not the nature of the world till he felt
+it, and all blows fall on him heavier, because they light not first on his
+expectation. He has now foregone all but his pride, and is yet
+vain-glorious in the ostentation of his melancholy. His composure of
+himself is a studied carelessness, with his arms across, and a neglected
+hanging of his head and cloak; and he is as great an enemy to an hat-band,
+as fortune. He quarrels at the time and up-starts, and sighs at the
+neglect of men of parts, that is, such as himself. His life is a perpetual
+satyr, and he is still girding[16] the age's vanity, when this very anger
+shews he too much esteems it. He is much displeased to see men merry, and
+wonders what they can find to laugh at. He never draws his own lips higher
+than a smile, and frowns wrinkle him before forty. He at last falls into
+that deadly melancholy to be a bitter hater of men, and is the most apt
+companion for any mischief. He is the spark that kindles the commonwealth,
+and the bellows himself to blow it: and if he turn anything, it is
+commonly one of these, either friar, traitor, or mad-man.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[16] To _gird_, is to sneer at, or scorn any one. Falstaff says, "men of
+all sorts take a pride to _gird_ at me."--_Henry IV. Part 2._
+
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+AN ANTIQUARY;
+
+
+He is a man strangly thrifty of time past, and an enemy indeed to his maw,
+whence he fetches out many things when they are now all rotten and
+stinking. He is one that hath that unnatural disease to be enamoured of
+old age and wrinkles, and loves all things (as Dutchmen do cheese,) the
+better for being mouldy and worm-eaten. He is of our religion, because we
+say it is most antient; and yet a broken statue would almost make him an
+idolater. A great admirer he is of the rust of old monuments, and reads
+only those characters, where time hath eaten out the letters. He will go
+you forty miles to see a saint's well or a ruined abbey; and there be but
+a cross or stone foot-stool in the way, he'll be considering it so long,
+till he forget his journey. His estate consists much in shekels, and Roman
+coins; and he hath more pictures of Caesar, than James or Elizabeth.
+Beggars cozen him with musty things which they have raked from dunghills,
+and he preserves their rags for precious relicks. He loves no library, but
+where there are more spiders volumes than authors, and looks with great
+admiration on the antique work of cobwebs. Printed books he contemns, as a
+novelty of this latter age, but a manuscript he pores on everlastingly,
+especially if the cover be all moth-eaten, and the dust make a parenthesis
+between every syllable. He would give all the books in his study (which
+are rarities all,) for one of the old Roman binding, or six lines of Tully
+in his own hand. His chamber is hung commonly with strange beasts skins,
+and is a kind of charnel-house of bones extraordinary; and his discourse
+upon them, if you will hear him, shall last longer. His very attire is
+that which is the eldest out of fashion, [[AW]_and you may pick a
+criticism out of his breeches_.] He never looks upon himself till he is
+grey-haired, and then he is pleased with his own antiquity. His grave
+does not fright him, for he has been used to sepulchers, and he likes
+death the better, because it gathers him to his fathers.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AW] In the first edition it stands thus:--"_and his hat is as antient as
+the tower of Babel_."
+
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+A YOUNGER BROTHER.
+
+
+His elder brother was the Esau, that came out first and left him like
+Jacob at his heels. His father has done with him, as Pharoah to the
+children of Israel, that would have them make brick and give them no
+straw, so he tasks him to be a gentleman, and leaves him nothing to
+maintain it. The pride of his house has undone him, which the elder's
+knighthood must sustain, and his beggary that knighthood. His birth and
+bringing up will not suffer him to descend to the means to get wealth; but
+he stands at the mercy of the world, and which is worse, of his brother.
+He is something better than the serving-men; yet they more saucy with him
+than he bold with the master, who beholds him with a countenance of stern
+awe, and checks him oftener than his liveries. His brother's old suits and
+he are much alike in request, and cast off now and then one to the other.
+Nature hath furnished him with a little more wit upon compassion, for it
+is like to be his best revenue. If his annuity stretch so far, he is sent
+to the university, and with great heart-burning takes upon him the
+ministry, as a profession he is condemned to by his ill fortune. Others
+take a more crooked path yet, the king's high-way; where at length their
+vizard is plucked off, and they strike fair for Tyburn: but their
+brother's pride, not love, gets them a pardon. His last refuge is the
+Low-countries,[17] where rags and lice are no scandal, where he lives a
+poor gentleman of a company, and dies without a shirt. The only thing that
+may better his fortunes is an art he has to make a gentlewoman, wherewith
+he baits now and then some rich widow that is hungry after his blood. He
+is commonly discontented and desperate, and the form of his exclamation
+is, _that churl my brother_. He loves not his country for this unnatural
+custom, and would have long since revolted to the Spaniard, but for
+Kent[18] only, which he holds in admiration.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[17] The Low-countries appear to have afforded ample room for ridicule at
+all times. In "_A brief Character of the Low-countries under the States,
+being Three Weeks Observation of the Vices and Virtues of the
+Inhabitants_, written by Owen Felltham, and printed Lond. 1659, 12mo. we
+find them epitomized as a general sea-land--the great bog of Europe--an
+universal quagmire--in short a green cheese in pickle. The sailors (in
+which denomination the author appears to include all the natives,) he
+describes as being able to "drink, rail, swear, niggle, steal, and be
+_lowsie_ alike. P. 40.
+
+[18] _Gavelkind_, or the practice of dividing lands equally among all the
+male children of the deceased, was (according to Spelman,) adopted by the
+Saxons, from Germany, and is noticed by Tacitus in his description of that
+nation. _Gloss. Archaiol._ folio. Lond. 1664. Harrison, in _The
+Description of England_, prefixed to Holinshed's _Chronicle_, (vol. 1.
+page 180,) says, "Gauell kind is all the male children equallie to
+inherit, and is continued to this daie in _Kent_, where it is onelie to my
+knowledge reteined, and no where else in England." And Lambarde, in his
+_Customes of Kent_, (_Perambulation_, 4to. 1596, page 538,) thus notices
+it:--"The custom of Grauelkynde is generall, and spreadeth itselfe
+throughout the whole shyre, into all landes subiect by auncient tenure
+vnto the same, such places onely excepted, where it is altered by acte of
+parleament."
+
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+A MEER FORMAL MAN
+
+
+Is somewhat more than the shape of a man; for he has his length, breadth,
+and colour. When you have seen his outside, you have looked through him,
+and need employ your discovery no farther. His reason is merely example,
+and his action is not guided by his understanding, but he sees other men
+do thus, and he follows them. He is a negative, for we cannot call him a
+wise man, but not a fool; nor an honest man, but not a knave; nor a
+protestant, but not a papist. The chief burden of his brain is the
+carriage of his body and the setting of his face in a good frame; which he
+performs the better, because he is not disjointed with other meditations.
+His religion is a good quiet subject, and he prays as he swears, in the
+phrase of the land. He is a fair guest, and a fair inviter, and can excuse
+his good cheer in the accustomed apology. He has some faculty in mangling
+of a rabbit, and the distribution of his morsel to a neighbour's trencher.
+He apprehends a jest by seeing men smile, and laughs orderly himself, when
+it comes to his turn. His businesses with his friends are to visit them,
+and whilst the business is no more, he can perform this well enough. His
+discourse is the news that he hath gathered in his walk, and for other
+matters his discretion is, that he will only what he can, that is, say
+nothing. His life is like one that runs to the[19]church-walk, to take a
+turn or two, and so passes. He hath staid in the world to fill a number;
+and when he is gone, there wants one, and there's an end.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[19] _Minster-walk_, 1st edit.
+
+
+
+
+X.
+
+A CHURCH-PAPIST
+
+
+Is one that parts his religion betwixt his conscience and his purse, and
+comes to church not to serve God but the king. The face of the law makes
+him wear the mask of the gospel, which he uses not as a means to save his
+soul, but charges. He loves Popery well, but is loth to lose by it; and
+though he be something scared with the bulls of Rome, yet they are far
+off, and he is struck with more terror at the apparitor. Once a month he
+presents himself at the church, to keep off the church-warden, and brings
+in his body to save his bail. He kneels with the congregation, but prays
+by himself, and asks God forgiveness for coming thither. If he be forced
+to stay out a sermon, he pulls his hat over his eyes, and frowns out the
+hour; and when he comes home, thinks to make amends for this fault by
+abusing the preacher. His main policy is to shift off the communion, for
+which he is never unfurnished of a quarrel, and will be sure to be out of
+charity at Easter; and indeed he lies not, for he has a quarrel to the
+sacrament. He would make a bad martyr and good traveller, for his
+conscience is so large he could never wander out of it; and in
+Constantinople would be circumcised with a reservation. His wife is more
+zealous and therefore more costly, and he bates her in tires[20] what she
+stands him in religion. But we leave him hatching plots against the state,
+and expecting Spinola.[21]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[20] The word _tire_ is probably here used as an abbreviation of the word
+_attire_, dress, ornament.
+
+[21] _Ambrose Spinola_ was one of the most celebrated and excellent
+commanders that Spain ever possessed: he was born, in 1569, of a noble
+family, and distinguished himself through life in being opposed to prince
+Maurice of Nassau, the greatest general of his age, by whom he was ever
+regarded with admiration and respect. He died in 1630, owing to a
+disadvantage sustained by his troops at the siege of Cassel, which was to
+be entirely attributed to the imprudent orders he received from Spain, and
+which that government compelled him to obey. This disaster broke his
+heart; and he died with the exclamation of "_they have robbed me of my
+honour_;" an idea he was unable to survive. It is probable that, at the
+time this character was composed, many of the disaffected in England were
+in expectation of an attack to be made on this country by the Spaniards,
+under the command of Spinola.
+
+
+
+
+XI.
+
+A SELF-CONCEITED MAN
+
+
+Is one that knows himself so well, that he does not know himself. Two
+excellent well-dones have undone him, and he is guilty of it that first
+commended him to madness. He is now become his own book, which he pores on
+continually, yet like a truant reader skips over the harsh places, and
+surveys only that which is pleasant. In the speculation of his own good
+parts, his eyes, like a drunkard's, see all double, and his fancy, like an
+old man's spectacles, make a great letter in a small print. He imagines
+every place where he comes his theater, and not a look stirring but his
+spectator; and conceives men's thoughts to be very idle, that is, [only]
+busy about him. His walk is still in the fashion of a march, and like his
+opinion unaccompanied, with his eyes most fixed upon his own person, or on
+others with reflection to himself. If he have done any thing that has past
+with applause, he is always re-acting it alone, and conceits the extasy
+his hearers were in at every period. His discourse is all positions and
+definitive decrees, with _thus it must be_ and _thus it is_, and he will
+not humble his authority to prove it. His tenent is always singular and
+aloof from the vulgar as he can, from which you must not hope to wrest
+him. He has an excellent humour for an heretick, and in these days made
+the first Arminian. He prefers Ramus before Aristotle, and Paracelsus
+before Galen,[22] [_and whosoever with most paradox is commended_.] He
+much pities the world that has no more insight in his parts, when he is
+too well discovered even to this very thought. A flatterer is a dunce to
+him, for he can tell him nothing but what he knows before: and yet he
+loves him too, because he is like himself. Men are merciful to him, and
+let him alone, for if he be once driven from his humour, he is like two
+inward friends fallen out: his own bitter enemy and discontent presently
+makes a murder. In sum, he is a bladder blown up with wind, which the
+least flaw crushes to nothing.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[22] _and Lipsius his hopping stile before either Tully or Quintilian._
+First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XII.
+
+A TOO IDLY RESERVED MAN
+
+
+Is one that is a fool with discretion, or a strange piece of politician,
+that manages the state of himself. His actions are his privy-council,
+wherein no man must partake beside. He speaks under rule and prescription,
+and dare not shew his teeth without Machiavel. He converses with his
+neighbours as he would in Spain, and fears an inquisitive man as much as
+the inquisition. He suspects all questions for examinations, and thinks
+you would pick something out of him, and avoids you. His breast is like a
+gentlewoman's closet, which locks up every toy or trifle, or some bragging
+mountebank that makes every stinking thing a secret. He delivers you
+common matters with great conjuration of silence, and whispers you in the
+ear acts of parliament. You may as soon wrest a tooth from him as a paper,
+and whatsoever he reads is letters. He dares not talk of great men for
+fear of bad comments, and _he knows not how his words may be misapplied_.
+Ask his opinion, and he tells you his doubt; and he never hears any thing
+more astonishedly than what he knows before. His words are like the cards
+at primivist,[23] where 6 is 18, and 7, 21; for they never signify what
+they sound; but if he tell you he will do a thing, it is as much as if he
+swore he would not. He is one, indeed, that takes all men to be craftier
+than they are, and puts himself to a great deal of affliction to hinder
+their plots and designs, where they mean freely. He has been long a riddle
+himself, but at last finds OEdipuses; for his over-acted dissimulation
+discovers him, and men do with him as they would with Hebrew letters,
+spell him backwards and read him.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[23] _Primivist_ and primero were, in all probability, the same game,
+although Minshew, in his Dictionary, calls them "two games at cardes." The
+latter he explains "primum et primum visum, that is, first and first
+seene, because hee that can shew such an order of cardes, first winnes the
+game." The coincidence between Mr. Strutt's description of the former and
+the passage in the text, shews that there could be little or no difference
+between the value of the cards in these games, or in the manner of playing
+them. "Each player has four cards dealt to him, one by one, the _seven_
+was the highest card, in point of number, that he could avail himself of,
+_which counted for twenty-one_, the six _counted for sixteen_, the five
+for fifteen, and the ace for the same," &c. (_Sports and Pastimes_, 247.)
+The honourable Daines Barrington conceived that Primero was introduced by
+Philip the Second, or some of his suite, whilst in England. Shakspeare
+proves that it was played in the royal circle.
+
+    ----"I left him (Henry VIII.) at _Primero_
+    With the duke of Suffolk."----
+
+    _Henry VIII._
+
+So Decker: "Talke of none but lords and such ladies with whom you have
+plaid at _Primero_."--_Gul's Hornebooke_, 1609. 37.
+
+Among the marquis of Worcester's celebrated "_Century of Inventions_,"
+12mo. 1663, is one "so contrived without suspicion, that playing at
+Primero at cards, one may, without clogging his memory, keep reckoning of
+all sixes, sevens, and aces, which he hath discarded."--No. 87.
+
+
+
+
+XIII.
+
+A TAVERN
+
+
+Is a degree, or (if you will,) a pair of stairs above an ale-house, where
+men are drunk with more credit and apology. If the vintner's nose[24] be
+at door, it is a sign sufficient, but the absence of this is supplied by
+the ivy-bush: the rooms are ill breathed like the drinkers that have been
+washed well over night, and are smelt-to fasting next morning; not
+furnished with beds apt to be defiled, but more necessary implements,
+stools, table, and a chamber-pot. It is a broacher of more news than
+hogsheads, and more jests than news, which are sucked up here by some
+spongy brain, and from thence squeezed into a comedy. Men come here to
+make merry, but indeed make a noise, and this musick above is answered
+with the clinking below. The drawers are the civilest people in it, men of
+good bringing up, and howsoever we esteem of them, none can boast more
+justly of their high calling. 'Tis the best theater of natures, where they
+are truly acted, not played, and the business as in the rest of the world
+up and down, to wit, from the bottom of the cellar to the great chamber. A
+melancholy man would find here matter to work upon, to see heads as
+brittle as glasses, and often broken; men come hither to quarrel, and come
+hither to be made friends: and if Plutarch will lend me his simile, it is
+even Telephus's sword that makes wounds and cures them. It is the common
+consumption of the afternoon, and the murderer or maker-away of a rainy
+day. It is the torrid zone that scorches _the_[25] face, and tobacco the
+gun-powder that blows it up. Much harm would be done, if the charitable
+vintner had not water ready for these flames. A house of sin you may call
+it, but not a house of darkness, for the candles are never out; and it is
+like those countries far in the North, where it is as clear at mid-night
+as at mid-day. After a long sitting, it becomes like a street in a dashing
+shower, where the spouts are flushing above, and the conduits running
+below, while the Jordans like swelling rivers overflow their banks. To
+give you the total reckoning of it; it is the busy man's recreation, the
+idle man's business, the melancholy man's sanctuary, the stranger's
+welcome, the inns-of-court man's entertainment, the scholar's kindness,
+and the citizen's courtesy. It is the study of sparkling wits, and a cup
+of canary[26] their book, whence we leave them.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[24] "Enquire out those tauernes which are best customd, whose maistres
+are oftenest drunk, for that confirmes their taste, and that they choose
+wholesome wines."--Decker's _Gul's Horne-booke_, 1609.
+
+[25] _his_, First edit.
+
+[26] The editor of the edition in 1732, has altered _canary_ to "_sherry_"
+for what reason I am at a loss to discover, and have consequently restored
+the reading of the first edition. Venner gives the following description
+of this favourite liquor. "Canarie-wine, which beareth the name of the
+islands from whence it is brought, is of some termed a sacke, with this
+adjunct, sweete; but yet very improperly, for it differeth not only from
+sacke in sweetness and pleasantness of taste, but also in colour and
+consistence, for it is not so white in colour as sack, nor so thin in
+substance; wherefore it is more nutritive than sack, and less
+penetrative." _Via recta ad Vitam longum._ 4to. 1622. In Howell's time,
+Canary wine was much adulterated. "I think," says he, in one of his
+_Letters_, "there is more Canary brought into England than to all the
+world besides; I think also, there is a hundred times more drunk under the
+name of Canary wine, than there is brought in; for Sherries and Malagas,
+well mingled, pass for Canaries in most taverns. When Sacks and Canaries,"
+he continues, "were brought in first amongst us, they were used to be
+drunk in aqua vitae measures, and 'twas held fit only for those to drink
+who were used to _carry their legs in their hands_, _their eyes upon their
+noses_, and an _almanack in their bones_; but now they go down every one's
+throat, both young and old, like milk." Howell, _Letter to the lord
+Cliff_, dated Oct. 7, 1634.
+
+
+
+
+XIV.
+
+A SHARK
+
+
+Is one whom all other means have failed, and he now lives of himself. He
+is some needy cashiered fellow, whom the world hath oft flung off, yet
+still clasps again, and is like one a drowning, fastens upon anything that
+is next at hand. Amongst other of his shipwrecks he has happily lost
+shame, and this want supplies him. No man puts his brain to more use than
+he, for his life is a daily invention, and each meal a new stratagem. He
+has an excellent memory for his acquaintance, though there passed but _how
+do you_ betwixt them seven years ago, it shall suffice for an embrace, and
+that for money. He offers you a pottle of sack out of joy to see you, and
+in requital of his courtesy you can do no less than pay for it. He is
+fumbling with his purse-strings, as a school-boy with his points, when he
+is going to be whipped, 'till the master, weary with long stay, forgives
+him. When the reckoning is paid, he says, It must not be so, yet is strait
+pacified, and cries, What remedy? His borrowings are like subsidies, each
+man a shilling or two, as he can well dispend; which they lend him, not
+with a hope to be repaid, but that he will come no more. He holds a
+strange tyrrany over men, for he is their debtor, and they fear him as a
+creditor. He is proud of any employment, though it be but to carry
+commendations, which he will be sure to deliver at eleven of the
+clock.[27] They in courtesy bid him stay, and he in manners cannot deny
+them. If he find but a good look to assure his welcome, he becomes their
+half-boarder, and haunts the threshold so long 'till he forces good nature
+to the necessity of a quarrel. Publick invitations he will not wrong with
+his absence, and is the best witness of the sheriff's hospitality.[28] Men
+shun him at length as they would do an infection, and he is never crossed
+in his way if there be but a lane to escape him. He has done with the age
+as his clothes to him, hung on as long as he could, and at last drops off.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[27] We learn from Harrison's _Description of England_, prefixed to
+Holinshed, that _eleven o'clock_ was the usual time for dinner during the
+reign of Elizabeth. "With vs the nobilitie, gentrie, and students, doo
+ordinarilie go to dinner at _eleuen before noone_, and to supper at fiue,
+or between fiue and six at afternoon." (vol. i. page 171. edit. 1587.) The
+alteration in manners at this time is rather singularly evinced, from a
+passage immediately following the above quotation, where we find that
+_merchants_ and _husbandmen_ dined and supped at a _later hour than the
+nobility_.
+
+[28] Alluding to the public dinners given by the sheriff at particular
+seasons of the year. So in _The Widow_, a comedy, 4to. 1652.
+
+    "And as at a _sheriff's table_, O blest custome!
+    A poor indebted gentleman may dine,
+    Feed well, and without fear, and depart so."
+
+
+
+
+
+
+XV.
+
+A CARRIER
+
+
+Is his own hackney-man; for he lets himself out to travel as well as his
+horses. He is the ordinary embassador between friend and friend, the
+father and the son, and brings rich presents to the one, but never returns
+any back again. He is no unlettered man, though in shew simple; for
+questionless, he has much in his budget, which he can utter too in fit
+time and place. He is [like] the vault[29] in Gloster church, that
+conveys whispers at a distance, for he takes the sound out of your mouth
+at York, and makes it be heard as far as London. He is the young student's
+joy and expectation, and the most accepted guest, to whom they lend a
+willing hand to discharge him of his burden. His first greeting is
+commonly, _Your friends are well_; [_and to prove it_][30] in a piece of
+gold delivers their blessing. You would think him a churlish blunt fellow,
+but they find in him many tokens of humanity. He is a great afflicter of
+the high-ways, and beats them out of measure; which injury is sometimes
+revenged by the purse-taker, and then the voyage miscarries. No man
+domineers more in his inn, nor calls his host unreverently with more
+presumption, and this arrogance proceeds out of the strength of his
+horses. He forgets not his load where he takes his ease, for he is drunk
+commonly before he goes to bed. He is like the prodigal child, still
+packing away and still returning again. But let him pass.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[29] The chapel of the Virgin Mary, in the cathedral church of Gloucester,
+was founded by Richard Stanley, abbot, in 1457, and finished by William
+Farley, a monk of the monastery, in 1472. Sir Robert Atkyns gives the
+following description of the vault here alluded to. "The _whispering
+place_ is very remarkable; it is a long alley, from one side of the choir
+to the other, built circular, that it might not darken the great east
+window of the choir. When a person whispers at one end of the alley, his
+voice is heard distinctly at the other end, though the passage be open in
+the middle, having large spaces for doors and windows on the east side. It
+may be imputed to the close cement of the wall, which makes it as one
+entire stone, and so conveys the voice, as a long piece of timber does
+convey the least stroak to the other end. Others assign it to the
+repercussion of the voice from accidental angles." _Atkyns' Ancient and
+Present State of Glostershire. Lond. 1712, folio, page 128._ See also
+_Fuller's Worthies, in Gloucestershire, page 351_.
+
+[30] _Then in a piece of gold_, &c. first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XVI.
+
+A YOUNG MAN;
+
+
+He is now out of nature's protection, though not yet able to guide
+himself; but left loose to the world and fortune, from which the weakness
+of his childhood preserved him; and now his strength exposes him. He is,
+indeed, just of age to be miserable, yet in his own conceit first begins
+to be happy; and he is happier in this imagination, and his misery not
+felt is less. He sees yet but the outside of the world and men, and
+conceives them, according to their appearing, glister, and out of this
+ignorance believes them. He pursues all vanities for happiness, and
+[31][_enjoys them best in this fancy._] His reason serves, not to curb but
+understand his appetite, and prosecute the motions thereof with a more
+eager earnestness. Himself is his own temptation, and needs not Satan, and
+the world will come hereafter. He leaves repentance for grey hairs, and
+performs it in being covetous. He is mingled with the vices of the age as
+the fashion and custom, with which he longs to be acquainted, and sins to
+better his understanding. He conceives his youth as the season of his
+lust, and the hour wherein he ought to be bad; and because he would not
+lose his time, spends it. He distastes religion as a sad thing, and is six
+years elder for a thought of heaven. He scorns and fears, and yet hopes
+for old age, but dare not imagine it with wrinkles. He loves and hates
+with the same inflammation, and when the heat is over is cool alike to
+friends and enemies. His friendship is seldom so stedfast, but that lust,
+drink, or anger may overturn it. He offers you his blood to-day in
+kindness, and is ready to take yours to-morrow. He does seldom any thing
+which he wishes not to do again, and is only wise after a misfortune. He
+suffers much for his knowledge, and a great deal of folly it is makes him
+a wise man. He is free from many vices, by being not grown to the
+performance, and is only more virtuous out of weakness. Every action is
+his danger, and every man his ambush. He is a ship without pilot or
+tackling, and only good fortune may steer him. If he scape this age, he
+has scaped a tempest, and may live to be a man.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[31] _Whilst he has not yet got them, enjoys them_, First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XVII.
+
+AN OLD COLLEGE BUTLER
+
+
+Is none of the worst students in the house, for he keeps the set hours at
+his book more duly than any. His authority is great over men's good names,
+which he charges many times with shrewd aspersions, which they hardly wipe
+off without payment. [His box and counters prove him to be a man of
+reckoning, yet] he is stricter in his accounts than a usurer, and delivers
+not a farthing without writing. He doubles the pains of Gollobelgicus,[32]
+for his books go out once a quarter, and they are much in the same
+nature, brief notes and sums of affairs, and are out of request as soon.
+His comings in are like a taylor's, from the shreds of bread, [the]
+chippings and remnants of a broken crust; excepting his vails from the
+barrel, which poor folks buy for their hogs but drink themselves. He
+divides an halfpenny loaf with more subtlety than Keckerman,[33] and
+sub-divides the _a primo ortum_ so nicely, that a stomach of great
+capacity can hardly apprehend it. He is a very sober man, considering his
+manifold temptations of drink and strangers; and if he be overseen, 'tis
+within his own liberties, and no man ought to take exception. He is never
+so well pleased with his place as when a gentleman is beholden to him for
+shewing him the buttery, whom he greets with a cup of single beer and
+sliced manchet,[34] and tells him it is the fashion of the college. He
+domineers over freshmen when they first come to the hatch, and puzzles
+them with strange language of cues and cees, and some broken Latin which
+he has learnt at his bin. His faculties extraordinary is the warming of a
+pair of cards, and telling out a dozen of counters for post and pair, and
+no man is more methodical in these businesses. Thus he spends his age till
+the tap of it is run out, and then a fresh one is set abroach.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[32] Gallo-Belgicus was erroneously supposed, by the ingenious Mr. Reed,
+to be the "first news-paper published in England;" we are, however,
+assured by the author of the "Life of Ruddiman," that it has no title to
+so honourable a distinction. Gallo-Belgicus appears to have been rather an
+_Annual Register_, or _History of its own Times_, than a news-paper. It
+was written in Latin, and entitled. "MERCURIJ GALLO-BELGICI: _sive, rerum
+in Gallia, et Belgio potissimum: Hispania quoque, Italia, Anglia,
+Germania, Polonia. Vicinisque locis ab anno 1588, ad Martium anni 1594,
+gestarum_, NUNCIJ." The first volume was printed in 8vo. at Cologne, 1598;
+from which year, to about 1605, it was published annually; and from thence
+to the time of its conclusion, which is uncertain, it appeared in
+_half-yearly_ volumes. Chalmers' _Life of Ruddiman_, 1794. The great
+request in which newspapers were held at the publication of the present
+work, may be gathered from Burton, who, in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_,
+complains that "if any read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or a pamphlet
+of newes."
+
+[33] Bartholomew Keckerman was born at Dantzick, in Prussia, 1571, and
+educated under Fabricius. Being eminently distinguished for his abilities
+and application, he was, in 1597, requested, by the senate of Dantzick, to
+take upon him the management of their academy; an honour he then declined,
+but accepted, on a second application, in 1601. Here he proposed to
+instruct his pupils in the complete science of philosophy in the short
+space of three years, and, for that purpose, drew up a great number of
+books upon logic, rhetoric, ethics, politics, physics, metaphysics,
+geography, astronomy, &c. &c. till, as it is said, literally worn out with
+scholastic drudgery, he died at the early age of 38.
+
+[34] Of bread made of wheat we have sundrie sorts dailie brought to the
+table, whereof the first and most excellent is the _mainchet_, which we
+commonlie call white bread. Harrison, _Description of England_ prefixed to
+Holinshed, chap. 6.
+
+
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+AN UPSTART COUNTRY KNIGHT
+
+
+[_Is a holiday clown, and differs only in the stuff of his clothes, not
+the stuff of himself_,][35] for he bare the king's sword before he had
+arms to wield it; yet being once laid o'er the shoulder with a knighthood,
+he finds the herald his friend. His father was a man of good stock, though
+but a tanner or usurer; he purchased the land, and his son the title. He
+has doffed off the name of a [36][_country fellow_,] but the look not so
+easy, and his face still bears a relish of churne-milk. He is guarded with
+more gold lace than all the gentlemen of the country, yet his body makes
+his clothes still out of fashion. His house-keeping is seen much in the
+distinct families of dogs, and serving-men attendant on their kennels, and
+the deepness of their throats is the depth of his discourse. A hawk he
+esteems the true burden of nobility,[37] and is exceeding ambitious to
+seem delighted in the sport, and have his fist gloved with his
+jesses.[38] A justice of peace he is to domineer in his parish, and do his
+neighbour wrong with more right.[39] He will be drunk with his hunters for
+company, and stain his gentility with droppings of ale. He is fearful of
+being sheriff of the shire by instinct, and dreads the assize-week as much
+as the prisoner. In sum, he's but a clod of his own earth, or his land is
+the dunghill and he the cock that crows over it: and commonly his race is
+quickly run, and his children's children, though they escape hanging,
+return to the place from whence they came.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[35] _His honour was somewhat preposterous, for he bare_, &c. first edit.
+
+[36] _Clown_, first edit.
+
+[37] The art of hawking has been so frequently and so fully explained,
+that it would be superfluous, if not arrogant, to trace its progress, or
+delineate its history, in this place. In the earliest periods it appears
+to have been exclusively practised by the nobility; and, indeed, the great
+expense at which the amusement was supported, seems to have been a
+sufficient reason for deterring persons of more moderate income, and of
+inferior rank, from indulging in the pursuit. In the _Sports and Pastimes_
+of Mr. Strutt, a variety of instances are given of the importance attached
+to the office of falconer, and of the immense value of, and high
+estimation the birds themselves were held in from the commencement of the
+Norman government, down to the reign of James I. in which sir Thomas
+Monson gave _1000l._ for a cast of hawks, which consisted of only _two_.
+
+The great increase of wealth, and the consequent equalization of property
+in this country, about the reign of Elizabeth, induced many of inferior
+birth to practise the amusements of their superiors, which they did
+without regard to expense, or indeed propriety. Sir Thomas Elyot, in his
+_Governour_ (1580), complains that the falkons of his day consumed so much
+poultry, that, in a few years, he feared there would be a great scarcity
+of it. "I speake not this," says he, "in disprayse of the faukons, but of
+them which keepeth them lyke cockneyes." A reproof, there can be no doubt,
+applicable to the character in the text.
+
+[38] A term in hawking, signifying the short straps of leather which are
+fastened to the hawk's legs, by which she is held on the fist, or joined
+to the leash. They were sometimes made of silk, as appears from [P] _The
+Boke of hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshynge, with all the propertyes and
+medecynes that are necessarye to be kepte_: "Hawkes haue aboute theyr
+legges gesses made of lether most comonly, some of sylke, which shuld be
+no lenger but that the knottes of them shulde appere in the myddes of the
+lefte hande," &c. _Juliana Barnes._ edit. 4to. "_Imprynted at London in
+Pouls chyrchyarde by me Hery Tab._" sig. C. ii.
+
+[39] _This authority of his is that club which keeps them under as his
+dogs hereafter._ First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XIX.
+
+AN IDLE GALLANT
+
+
+Is one that was born and shaped for his cloaths; and, if Adam had not
+fallen, had lived to no purpose. He gratulates therefore the first sin,
+and fig-leaves that were an occasion of [his] bravery. His first care is
+his dress, the next his body, and in the uniting of these two lies his
+soul and its faculties. He observes London trulier than the terms, and his
+business is the street, the stage, the court, and those places where a
+proper man is best shown. If he be qualified in gaming extraordinary, he
+is so much the more genteel and compleat, and he learns the best oaths for
+the purpose. These are a great part of his discourse, and he is as curious
+in their newness as the fashion. His other talk is ladies and such pretty
+things, or some jest at a play. His pick-tooth bears a great part in his
+discourse, so does his body, the upper parts whereof are as starched as
+his linnen, and perchance use the same laundress. He has learned to ruffle
+his face from his boot, and takes great delight in his walk to hear his
+spurs gingle. Though his life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very
+careful of the time, for he is still drawing his watch out of his pocket,
+and spends part of his hours in numbering them. He is one never serious
+but with his taylor, when he is in conspiracy for the next device. He is
+furnished with his jests, as some wanderer with sermons, some three for
+all congregations, one especially against the scholar, a man to him much
+ridiculous, whom he knows by no other definition, but a silly fellow in
+black. He is a kind of walking mercer's shop, and shows you one stuff
+to-day and another to-morrow; an ornament to the room he comes in as the
+fair bed and hangings be; and it is meerly ratable accordingly, fifty or a
+hundred pounds as his suit is. His main ambition is to get a knight-hood,
+and then an old lady, which if he be happy in, he fills the stage and a
+coach so much longer: Otherwise, himself and his cloaths grow stale
+together, and he is buried commonly ere he dies in the gaol, or the
+country.
+
+
+
+
+XX.
+
+A CONSTABLE
+
+
+Is a vice-roy in the street, and no man stands more upon't that he is the
+king's officer. His jurisdiction extends to the next stocks, where he has
+commission for the heels only, and sets the rest of the body at liberty.
+He is a scarecrow to that ale-house, where he drinks not his morning
+draught, and apprehends a drunkard for not standing in the king's name.
+Beggars fear him more than the justice, and as much as the whip-stock,
+whom he delivers over to his subordinate magistrates, the bridewell-man,
+and the beadle. He is a great stickler in the tumults of double jugs, and
+ventures his head by his place, which is broke many times to keep whole
+the peace. He is never so much in his majesty as in his night-watch, where
+he sits in his chair of state, a shop-stall, and invironed with a guard of
+halberts, examines all passengers. He is a very careful man in his office,
+but if he stay up after midnight you shall take him napping.
+
+
+
+
+XXI.
+
+A DOWN-RIGHT SCHOLAR
+
+
+Is one that has much learning in the ore, unwrought and untried, which
+time and experience fashions and refines. He is good metal in the inside,
+though rough and unscoured without, and therefore hated of the courtier,
+that is quite contrary. The time has got a vein of making him ridiculous,
+and men laugh at him by tradition, and no unlucky absurdity but is put
+upon his profession, and done like a scholar. But his fault is only this,
+that his mind is [somewhat] too much taken up with his mind, and his
+thoughts not loaden with any carriage besides. He has not put on the
+quaint garb of the age, which is now a man's [_Imprimis and all the
+Item_.[40]] He has not humbled his meditations to the industry of
+complement, nor afflicted his brain in an elaborate leg. His body is not
+set upon nice pins, to be turning and flexible for every motion, but his
+scrape is homely and his nod worse. He cannot kiss his hand and cry,
+madam, nor talk idle enough to bear her company. His smacking of a
+gentlewoman is somewhat too savory, and he mistakes her nose for her lips.
+A very woodcock would puzzle him in carving, and he wants the logick of a
+capon. He has not the glib faculty of sliding over a tale, but his words
+come squeamishly out of his mouth, and the laughter commonly before the
+jest. He names this word college too often, and his discourse beats too
+much on the university. The perplexity of mannerliness will not let him
+feed, and he is sharp set at an argument when he should cut his meat. He
+is discarded for a gamester at all games but one and thirty,[41] and at
+tables he reaches not beyond doublets. His fingers are not long and drawn
+out to handle a fiddle, but his fist clunched with the habit of disputing.
+He ascends a horse somewhat sinisterly, though not on the left side, and
+they both go jogging in grief together. He is exceedingly censured by the
+inns-of-court men, for that heinous vice being out of fashion. He cannot
+speak to a dog in his own dialect, and understands Greek better than the
+language of a falconer. He has been used to a dark room, and dark
+cloathes, and his eyes dazzle at a sattin suit. The hermitage of his
+study, has made him somewhat uncouth in the world, and men make him worse
+by staring on him. Thus is he [silly and] ridiculous, and it continues
+with him for some quarter of a year out of the university. But practise
+him a little in men, and brush him over with good company, and he shall
+out-ballance those glisterers, as far as a solid substance does a feather,
+or gold, gold-lace.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[40] _Now become a man's total_, first edit.
+
+[41] Of the game called _one and thirty_, I am unable to find any mention
+in Mr. Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_, nor is it alluded to in any of the
+old plays or tracts I have yet met with. A very satisfactory account of
+_tables_ may be read in the interesting and valuable publication just
+noticed.
+
+
+
+
+XXII.
+
+A PLAIN COUNTRY FELLOW
+
+
+Is one that manures his ground well, but lets himself lye fallow and
+untilled. He has reason enough to do his business, and not enough to be
+idle or melancholy. He seems to have the punishment of _Nebuchadnezzar_,
+for his conversation is among beasts, and his tallons none of the
+shortest, only he eats not grass, because he loves not sallets. His hand
+guides the plough, and the plough his thoughts, and his ditch and
+land-mark is the very mound of his meditations. He expostulates with his
+oxen very understandingly, and speaks gee, and ree, better than English.
+His mind is not much distracted with objects, but if a good fat cow come
+in his way, he stands dumb and astonished, and though his haste be never
+so great, will fix here half an hour's contemplation. His habitation is
+some poor thatched roof, distinguished from his barn by the loopholes that
+let out smoak, which the rain had long since washed through, but for the
+double ceiling of bacon on the inside, which has hung there from his
+grandsire's time, and is yet to make rashers for posterity. His dinner is
+his other work, for he sweats at it as much as at his labour; he is a
+terrible fastner on a piece of beef, and you may hope to stave the guard
+off sooner. His religion is a part of his copy-hold, which he takes from
+his land-lord, and refers it wholly to his discretion: Yet if he give him
+leave he is a good Christian to his power, (that is,) comes to church in
+his best cloaths, and sits there with his neighbours, where he is capable
+only of two prayers, for rain, and fair weather. He apprehends God's
+blessings only in a good year, or a fat pasture, and never praises him but
+on _good ground_. Sunday he esteems a day to make merry in, and thinks a
+bag-pipe as essential to it as evening-prayer, where he walks very
+solemnly after service, with his hands coupled behind him, and censures
+the dancing of his parish. [His compliment with his neighbour is a good
+thump on the back, and his salutation commonly some blunt curse.] He
+thinks nothing to be vices, but pride and ill husbandry, from which he
+will gravely dissuade the youth, and has some thrifty hob-nail proverbs to
+clout his discourse. He is a niggard all the week, except only market-day,
+where, if his corn sell well, he thinks he may be drunk with a good
+conscience. His feet never stink so unbecomingly as when he trots after a
+lawyer in Westminster-hall, and even cleaves the ground with hard scraping
+in beseeching his worship to take his money. He is sensible of no calamity
+but the burning a stack of corn or the overflowing of a meadow, and
+thinks Noah's flood the greatest plague that ever was, not because it
+drowned the world, but spoiled the grass. For death he is never troubled,
+and if he get in but his harvest before, let it come when it will, he
+cares not.
+
+
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+A PLAYER.
+
+
+He knows the right use of the world, wherein he comes to play a part and
+so away. His life is not idle, for it is all action, and no man need be
+more wary in his doings, for the eyes of all men are upon him. His
+profession has in it a kind of contradiction, for none is more disliked,
+and yet none more applauded; and he has the misfortune of some scholar,
+too much wit makes him a fool. He is like our painting gentlewomen, seldom
+in his own face, seldomer in his cloaths; and he pleases, the better he
+counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for gold lace.
+He does not only personate on the stage, but sometimes in the street, for
+he is masked still in the habit of a gentleman. His parts find him oaths
+and good words, which he keeps for his use and discourse, and makes shew
+with them of a fashionable companion. He is tragical on the stage, but
+rampant in the tiring-house,[42] and swears oaths there which he never
+conned. The waiting women spectators are over-ears in love with him, and
+ladies send for him to act in their chambers. Your inns-of-court men were
+undone but for him, he is their chief guest and employment, and the sole
+business that makes them afternoon's-men. The poet only is his tyrant, and
+he is bound to make his friend's friend drunk at his charge.
+Shrove-Tuesday he fears as much as the bauds, and Lent[43] is more damage
+to him than the butcher. He was never so much discredited as in one act,
+and that was of parliament, which gives hostlers priviledge before him,
+for which he abhors it more than a corrupt judge. But to give him his due,
+one well-furnished actor has enough in him for five common gentlemen, and,
+if he have a good body, [for six, and] for resolution he shall challenge
+any Cato, for it has been his practice to die bravely.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[42] The room where the performers dress, previous to coming on the stage.
+
+[43] This passage affords a proof of what has been doubted, namely, that
+the theatres were not permitted to be open during Lent, in the reign of
+James I. The restriction was waved in the next reign, as we find from the
+Puritanical Prynne:--"There are none so much addicted to stage-playes, but
+when they goe unto places where they cannot have them, or when, as they
+are suppressed by publike authority, (as in times of pestilence, and in
+_Lent, till now of late_,) can well subsist without them," &c.
+_Histrio-Mastix_, 4to. _Lond. 1633. page 384._
+
+
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+A DETRACTOR
+
+
+Is one of a more cunning and active envy, wherewith he gnaws not foolishly
+himself, but throws it abroad and would have it blister others. He is
+commonly some weak parted fellow, and worse minded, yet is strangely
+ambitious to match others, not by mounting their worth, but bringing them
+down with his tongue to his own poorness. He is indeed like the red dragon
+that pursued the woman, for when he cannot over-reach another, he opens
+his mouth and throws a flood after to drown him. You cannot anger him
+worse than to do well, and he hates you more bitterly for this, than if
+you had cheated him of his patrimony with your own discredit. He is always
+slighting the general opinion, and wondering why such and such men should
+be applauded. Commend a good divine, he cries postilling; a philologer,
+pedantry; a poet, rhiming; a school-man, dull wrangling; a sharp conceit,
+boyishness; an honest man, plausibility. He comes to publick things not to
+learn, but to catch, and if there be but one soloecism, that is all he
+carries away. He looks on all things with a prepared sowerness, and is
+still furnished with a pish beforehand, or some musty proverb that
+disrelishes all things whatsoever. If fear of the company make him second
+a commendation, it is like a law-writ, always with a clause of exception,
+or to smooth his way to some greater scandal. He will grant you something,
+and bate more; and this bating shall in conclusion take away all he
+granted. His speech concludes still with an Oh! but,--and I could wish one
+thing amended; and this one thing shall be enough to deface all his former
+commendations. He will be very inward with a man to fish some bad out of
+him, and make his slanders hereafter more authentick, when it is said a
+friend reported it. He will inveigle you to naughtiness to get your good
+name into his clutches; he will be your pandar to have you on the hip for
+a whore-master, and make you drunk to shew you reeling. He passes the
+more plausibly because all men have a smatch of his humour, and it is
+thought freeness which is malice. If he can say nothing of a man, he will
+seem to speak riddles, as if he could tell strange stories if he would;
+and when he has racked his invention to the utmost, he ends;--but I wish
+him well, and therefore must hold my peace. He is always listening and
+enquiring after men, and suffers not a cloak to pass by him unexamined. In
+brief, he is one that has lost all good himself, and is loth to find it in
+another.
+
+
+
+
+XXV.
+
+A YOUNG GENTLEMAN OF THE UNIVERSITY
+
+
+Is one that comes there to wear a gown, and to say hereafter, he has been
+at the university. His father sent him thither because he heard there
+were the best fencing and dancing-schools; from these he has his
+education, from his tutor the over-sight. The first element of his
+knowledge is to be shewn the colleges, and initiated in a tavern by the
+way, which hereafter he will learn of himself. The two marks of his
+seniority, is the bare velvet of his gown, and his proficiency at tennis,
+where when he can once play a set, he is a fresh man no more. His study
+has commonly handsome shelves, his books neat silk strings, which he shews
+to his father's man, and is loth to unty[44] or take down for fear of
+misplacing. Upon foul days for recreation he retires thither, and looks
+over the pretty book his tutor reads to him, which is commonly some short
+history, or a piece of Euphormio; for which his tutor gives him money to
+spend next day. His main loytering is at the library, where he studies
+arms and books of honour, and turns a gentleman critick in pedigrees. Of
+all things he endures not to be mistaken for a scholar, and hates a black
+suit though it be made of sattin. His companion is ordinarily some stale
+fellow, that has been notorious for an ingle to gold hatbands,[45] whom he
+admires at first, afterward scorns. If he have spirit or wit he may light
+of better company, and may learn some flashes of wit, which may do him
+knight's service in the country hereafter. But he is now gone to the
+inns-of-court, where he studies to forget what he learned before, his
+acquaintance and the fashion.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[44] It may not be known to those who are not accustomed to meet with old
+books in their original bindings, or of seeing public libraries of
+antiquity, that the volumes were formerly placed on the shelves with the
+_leaves_, not the _back_, in front; and that the two sides of the binding
+were joined together with _neat silk_ or other strings, and, in some
+instances, where the books were of greater value and curiosity than
+common, even fastened with gold or silver chains.
+
+[45] A hanger-on to noblemen, who are distinguished at the university by
+gold tassels to their caps; or in the language of the present day, a
+_tuft-hunter_.
+
+
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+A WEAK MAN
+
+
+Is a child at man's estate, one whom nature huddled up in haste, and left
+his best part unfinished. The rest of him is grown to be a man, only his
+brain stays behind. He is one that has not improved his first rudiments,
+nor attained any proficiency by his stay in the world: but we may speak of
+him yet as when he was in the bud, a good harmless nature, a well meaning
+mind[46] [_and no more_.] It is his misery that he now wants a tutor, and
+is too old to have one. He is two steps above a fool, and a great many
+more below a wise man; yet the fool is oft given him, and by those whom he
+esteems most. Some tokens of him are,--he loves men better upon relation
+than experience, for he is exceedingly enamoured of strangers, and none
+quicklier a weary of his friend. He charges you at first meeting with all
+his secrets, and on better acquaintance grows more reserved. Indeed he is
+one that mistakes much his abusers for friends, and his friends for
+enemies, and he apprehends your hate in nothing so much as in good
+council. One that is flexible with any thing but reason, and then only
+perverse. [A servant to every tale and flatterer, and whom the last man
+still works over.] A great affecter of wits and such prettinesses; and his
+company is costly to him, for he seldom has it but invited. His friendship
+commonly is begun in a supper, and lost in lending money. The tavern is a
+dangerous place to him, for to drink and be drunk is with him all one, and
+his brain is sooner quenched than his thirst. He is drawn into naughtiness
+with company, but suffers alone, and the bastard commonly laid to his
+charge. One that will be patiently abused, and take exception a month
+after when he understands it, and then be abused again into a
+reconcilement; and you cannot endear him more than by cozening him, and it
+is a temptation to those that would not. One discoverable in all silliness
+to all men but himself, and you may take any man's knowledge of him
+better than his own. He will promise the same thing to twenty, and rather
+than deny one break with all. One that has no power over himself, over his
+business, over his friends, but a prey and pity to all; and if his
+fortunes once sink, men quickly cry, Alas!--and forget him.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[46] _If he could order his intentions_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+A TOBACCO-SELLER
+
+
+Is the only man that finds good in it which others brag of but do not; for
+it is meat, drink, and clothes to him. No man opens his ware with greater
+seriousness, or challenges your judgment more in the approbation. His shop
+is the rendezvous of spitting, where men dialogue with their noses, and
+their communication is smoak.[47] It is the place only where Spain is
+commended and preferred before England itself. He should be well
+experienced in the world, for he has daily trial of men's nostrils, and
+none is better acquainted with humours. He is the piecing commonly of some
+other trade, which is bawd to his tobacco, and that to his wife, which is
+the flame that follows this smoak.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[47] Minshew calls a tobacconist _fumi-vendulus_, a _smoak-seller_.
+
+
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+A POT-POET
+
+
+Is the dregs of wit, yet mingled with good drink may have some relish. His
+inspirations are more real than others, for they do but feign a God, but
+he has his by him. His verse runs like the tap, and his invention as the
+barrel, ebbs and flows at the mercy of the spiggot. In thin drink he
+aspires not above a ballad, but a cup of sack inflames him, and sets his
+muse and nose a-fire together. The press is his mint, and stamps him now
+and then a six-pence or two in reward of the baser coin his pamphlet. His
+works would scarce sell for three half-pence, though they are given oft
+for three shillings, but for the pretty title that allures the country
+gentleman; for which the printer maintains him in ale a fortnight. His
+verses are like his clothes miserable centoes[48] and patches, yet their
+pace is not altogether so hobbling as an almanack's. The death of a great
+man or the _burning_[49] of a house furnish him with an argument, and the
+nine muses are out strait in mourning gowns, and Melpomene cries fire!
+fire! [His other poems are but briefs in rhime, and like the poor Greeks
+collections to redeem from captivity.] He is a man now much employed in
+commendations of our navy, and a bitter inveigher against the Spaniard.
+His frequentest works go out in single sheets, and are chanted from
+market to market to a vile tune and a worse throat; whilst the poor
+country wench melts like her butter to hear them. And these are the
+stories of some men of Tyburn, or a strange monster out of Germany;[50]
+or, sitting in a bawdy-house, he writes God's judgments. He drops away at
+last in some obscure painted cloth, to which himself made the verses,[51]
+and his life, like a cann too full, spills upon the bench. He leaves
+twenty shillings on the score, which my hostess loses.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[48] _Cento_, a composition formed by joining scraps from other authors.
+_Johnson._ Camden, in his _Remains_, uses it in the same sense. "It is
+quilted, as it were, out of shreds of divers poets, such as scholars call
+a _cento_."
+
+[49] _Firing_, first edit.
+
+[50] In the hope of discovering some account of the _strange monster_
+alluded to, I have looked through one of the largest and most curious
+collections of tracts, relating to the marvellous, perhaps in existence.
+That bequeathed to the Bodleian, by Robert Burton, the author of the
+_Anatomy of Melancholy_. Hitherto my researches have been unattended with
+success, as I have found only two tracts of this description relating to
+Germany, both of which are in prose, and neither giving any account of a
+monster.
+
+1. _A most true Relation of a very dreadfull Earthquake, with the
+lamentable Effectes thereof, which began upon the 8. of December 1612. and
+yet continueth most fearefull in Munster in Germanie. Reade and Tremble.
+Translated out of Dutch, by Charles Demetrius, Publike Notarie in London,
+and printed at Rotterdame, in Holland, at the Signe of the White
+Gray-hound._ (Date cut off. Twenty-six pages, 4to. with a woodcut.)
+
+2. _Miraculous Newes from the Cittie of Holt, in the Lordship of Munster,
+in Germany, the twentieth of September last past, 1616. where there were
+plainly beheld three dead bodyes rise out of their Graues admonishing the
+people of Iudgements to come. Faithfully translated (&c. &c.) London,
+Printed for Iohn Barnes, dwelling in Hosie Lane neere Smithfield, 1616._
+(4to. twenty pages, wood-cut.)
+
+[51] It was customary to work or paint proverbs, moral sentences, or
+scraps of verse on old tapestry hangings, which were called _painted
+cloths_. Several allusions to this practice may be found in the works of
+our early English dramatists. See Reed's _Shakspeare_, viii. 103
+
+
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+A PLAUSIBLE MAN
+
+
+Is one that would fain run an even path in the world, and jut against no
+man. His endeavour is not to offend, and his aim the general opinion. His
+conversation is a kind of continued compliment, and his life a practice of
+manners. The relation he bears to others, a kind of fashionable respect,
+not friendship but friendliness, which is equal to all and general, and
+his kindnesses seldom exceed courtesies. He loves not deeper mutualities,
+because he would not take sides, nor hazard himself on displeasures, which
+he principally avoids. At your first acquaintance with him he is exceeding
+kind and friendly, and at your twentieth meeting after but friendly still.
+He has an excellent command over his patience and tongue, especially the
+last, which he accommodates always to the times and persons, and speaks
+seldom what is sincere, but what is civil. He is one that uses all
+companies, drinks all healths, and is reasonable cool in all religions.
+[He considers who are friends to the company, and speaks well where he is
+sure to hear of it again.] He can listen to a foolish discourse with an
+applausive attention, and conceal his laughter at nonsense. Silly men much
+honour and esteem him, because by his fair reasoning with them as with men
+of understanding, he puts them into an erroneous opinion of themselves,
+and makes them forwarder hereafter to their own discovery. He is one
+_rather well_[52] thought on than beloved, and that love he has is more of
+whole companies together than any one in particular. Men gratify him
+notwithstanding with a good report, and whatever vices he has besides, yet
+having no enemies, he is sure to be an honest fellow.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[52] _Better_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXX.
+
+A BOWL-ALLEY
+
+
+Is the place where there are three things thrown away beside bowls, to
+wit, time, money, and curses, and the last ten for one. The best sport in
+it is the gamesters, and he enjoys it that looks on and bets not. It is
+the school of wrangling, and worse than the schools, for men will cavil
+here for a hair's breadth, and make a stir where a straw would end the
+controversy. No antick screws men's bodies into such strange flexures, and
+you would think them here senseless, to speak sense to their bowl, and put
+their trust in intreaties for a good cast. The betters are the factious
+noise of the alley, or the gamesters beadsmen that pray for them. They are
+somewhat like those that are cheated by great men, for they lose their
+money and must say nothing. It is the best discovery of humours,
+especially in the losers, where you have fine variety of impatience,
+whilst some fret, some rail, some swear, and others more ridiculously
+comfort themselves with philosophy. To give you the moral of it; it is the
+emblem of the world, or the world's ambition: where most are short, or
+over, or wide or wrong-biassed, and some few justle in to the mistress
+fortune. And it is here as in the court, where the nearest are most
+spited, and all blows aimed at the toucher.
+
+
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+THE WORLD'S WISE MAN
+
+
+Is an able and sufficient wicked man: It is a proof of his sufficiency
+that he is not called wicked, but wise. A man wholly determined in himself
+and his own ends, and his instruments herein any thing that will do it.
+His friends are a part of his engines, and as they serve to his works,
+used or laid by: Indeed he knows not this thing of friend, but if he give
+you the name, it is a sign he has a plot on you. Never more active in his
+businesses, than when they are mixed with some harm to others; and it is
+his best play in this game to strike off and lie in the place: Successful
+commonly in these undertakings, because he passes smoothly those rubs
+which others stumble at, as conscience and the like; and gratulates
+himself much in this advantage. Oaths and falshood he counts the nearest
+way, and loves not by any means to go about. He has many fine quips at
+this folly of plain dealing, but his "tush!" is greatest at religion; yet
+he uses this too, and virtue and good words, but is less dangerously a
+devil than a saint. He ascribes all honesty to an unpractisedness in the
+world, and conscience a thing merely for children. He scorns all that are
+so silly to _trust_[53] him, and only not scorns his enemy, especially if
+as bad as himself: he fears him as a man well armed and provided, but sets
+boldly on good natures, as the most vanquishable. One that seriously
+admires those worst princes, as Sforza, Borgia, and Richard the third; and
+calls matters of deep villany things of difficulty. To whom murders are
+but resolute acts, and treason a business of great consequence. One whom
+two or three countries make up to this compleatness, and he has travelled
+for the purpose. His deepest indearment is a communication of mischief,
+and then only you have him fast. His conclusion is commonly one of these
+two, either a great man, or hanged.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[53] _Hate_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+A SURGEON
+
+
+Is one that has some business about this building or little house of man,
+whereof nature is as it were the tiler, and he the plaisterer. It is ofter
+out of reparations than an old parsonage, and then he is set on work to
+patch it again. He deals most with broken commodities, as a broken head or
+a mangled face, and his gains are very ill got, for he lives by the hurts
+of the commonwealth. He differs from a physician as a sore does from a
+disease, or the sick from those that are not whole, the one distempers you
+within, the other blisters you without. He complains of the decay of
+valour in these days, and sighs for that slashing age of sword and
+buckler; and thinks the law against duels was made meerly to wound his
+vocation. He had been long since undone if the charity of the stews had
+not relieved him, from whom he has his tribute as duly as the pope; or a
+wind-fall sometimes from a tavern, if a quart pot hit right. The rareness
+of his custom makes him pitiless when it comes, and he holds a patient
+longer than our [spiritual] courts a cause. He tells you what danger you
+had been in if he had staid but a minute longer, and though it be but a
+pricked finger, he makes of it much matter. He is a reasonable cleanly
+man, considering the scabs he has to deal with, and your finest ladies are
+now and then beholden to him for their best dressings. He curses old
+gentlewomen and their charity that makes his trade their alms; but his
+envy is never stirred so much as when gentlemen go over to fight upon
+Calais sands,[54] whom he wishes drowned e'er they come there, rather than
+the French shall get his custom.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[54] _Calais sands_ were chosen by English duellists to decide their
+quarrels on, as being out of the jurisdiction of the law. This custom is
+noticed in an Epigram written about the period in which this book first
+appeared.
+
+    "When boasting Bembus challeng'd is to fight,
+    He seemes at first a very Diuell in sight:
+
+    Till more aduizde, will not defile [his] hands,
+    Vnlesse you meete him vpon _Callice_ sands."
+
+_The Mastive or Young Whelpe of the olde Dog. Epigrams and Satyrs._ 4to.
+_Lond._ (_Printed, as Warton supposes, about 1600._)
+
+A passage in _The Beau's Duel: or a Soldier for the Ladies_, a comedy, by
+Mrs. Centlivre, 4to. 1707, proves, that it existed so late as at that day.
+"Your only way is to send him word you'll meet him on _Calais sands_;
+duelling is unsafe in England for men of estates," &c. See also other
+instances in Dodsley's _Old Plays_, edit. 1780. vii. 218.--xii. 412.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+A CONTEMPLATIVE MAN
+
+
+Is a scholar in this great university the world; and the same his book and
+study. He cloysters not his meditations in the narrow darkness of a room,
+but sends them abroad with his eyes, and his brain travels with his feet.
+He looks upon man from a high tower, and sees him trulier at this distance
+in his infirmities and poorness. He scorns to mix himself in men's
+actions, as he would to act upon a stage; but sits aloft on the scaffold
+a censuring spectator. [He will not lose his time by being busy, or make
+so poor a use of the world as to hug and embrace it.] Nature admits him as
+a partaker of her sports, and asks his approbation as it were of her own
+works and variety. He comes not in company, because he would not be
+solitary, but finds discourse enough with himself, and his own thoughts
+are his excellent playfellows. He looks not upon a thing as a yawning
+stranger at novelties, but his search is more mysterious and inward, and
+he spells heaven out of earth. He knits his observations together, and
+makes a ladder of them all to climb to God. He is free from vice, because
+he has no occasion to imploy it, and is above those ends that make man
+wicked. He has learnt all can here be taught him, and comes now to heaven
+to see more.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE
+
+
+Is one in whom good women suffer, and have their truth misinterpreted by
+her folly. She is one, she knows not what her self if you ask her, but she
+is indeed one that has taken a toy at the fashion of religion, and is
+enamoured of the new fangle. She is a nonconformist in a close stomacher
+and ruff of Geneva print,[55] and her purity consists much in her linnen.
+She has heard of the rag of Rome, and thinks it a very sluttish religion,
+and rails at the whore of Babylon for a very naughty woman. She has left
+her virginity as a relick of popery, and marries in her tribe without a
+ring. Her devotion at the church is much in the turning up of her eye; and
+turning down the leaf in her book, when she hears named chapter and verse.
+When she comes home, she commends the sermon for the scripture, and two
+hours. She loves preaching better then praying, and of preachers,
+lecturers; and thinks the week day's exercise far more edifying than the
+Sunday's. Her oftest gossipings are sabbath-day's journeys, where, (though
+an enemy to superstition,) she will go in pilgrimage five mile to a
+silenced minister, when there is a better sermon in her own parish. She
+doubts of the virgin Mary's salvation, and dares not saint her, but knows
+her own place in heaven as perfectly as the pew she has a key to. She is
+so taken up with faith she has no room for charity, and understands no
+good works but what are wrought on the sampler. She accounts nothing vices
+but superstition and an oath, and thinks adultery a less sin than to swear
+_by my truly_. She rails at other women by the names of Jezebel and
+Dalilah; and calls her own daughters Rebecca and Abigail, and not Ann but
+Hannah. She suffers them not to learn on the virginals,[56] because of
+their affinity with organs, but is reconciled to the bells for the chimes
+sake, since they were reformed to the tune of a psalm. She overflows so
+with the bible, that she spills it upon every occasion, and will not
+cudgel her maids without scripture. It is a question whether she is more
+troubled with the Devil, or the Devil with her: She is always challenging
+and daring him, and her weapon [[57]_is the Practice of Piety_.] Nothing
+angers her so much as that women cannot preach, and in this point only
+thinks the Brownist erroneous; but what she cannot at the church she does
+at the table, where she prattles more than any against sense and
+Antichrist, 'till a capon's wing silence her. She expounds the priests of
+Baal, reading ministers, and thinks the salvation of that parish as
+desperate as the Turks. She is a main derider to her capacity of those
+that are not her preachers, and censures all sermons but bad ones. If her
+husband be a tradesman, she helps him to customers, howsoever to good
+cheer, and they are a most faithful couple at these meetings, for they
+never fail. Her conscience is like others lust, never satisfied, and you
+might better answer Scotus than her scruples. She is one that thinks she
+performs all her duties to God in hearing, and shews the fruits of it in
+talking. She is more fiery against the may-pole than her husband, and
+thinks she might do a Phineas' act to break the pate of the fidler. She is
+an everlasting argument, but I am weary of her.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[55] Strict devotees were, I believe, noted for the smallness and
+precision of their _ruffs_, which were termed _in print_ from the
+exactness of the folds. So in Mynshul's _Essays_, 4to. 1618. "I vndertooke
+a warre when I adventured to speake in _print_, (not in _print as
+Puritan's ruffes_ are set.)" The term of _Geneva print_ probably arose
+from the minuteness of the type used at Geneva. In the _Merry Devil of
+Edmonton_, a comedy, 4to. 1608, is an expression which goes some way to
+prove the correctness of this supposition:--"I see by thy eyes thou hast
+bin reading _little Geneua print_;"--and, that _small ruffs_ were worn by
+the puritanical set, an instance appears in Mayne's _City Match_, a
+comedy, 4to. 1658.
+
+                      ----"O miracle!
+    Out of your _little ruffe_, Dorcas, and in the fashion!
+    Dost thou hope to be saved?"
+
+From these three extracts it is, I think, clear that a _ruff of Geneva
+print_ meant a _small, closely-folded ruff_, which was the distinction of
+a non-conformist.
+
+[56] A virginal, says Mr. Malone, was strung like a spinnet, and shaped
+like a piano-forte: the mode of playing on this instrument was therefore
+similar to that of the organ.
+
+[57] _Weapons are spells no less potent than different, as being the sage
+sentences of some of her own sectaries._ First edit.
+
+
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION
+
+
+Is one that hangs in the balance with all sorts of opinions, whereof not
+one but stirs him and none sways him. A man guiltier of credulity than he
+is taken to be; for it is out of his belief of every thing, that he fully
+believes nothing. Each religion scares him from its contrary: none
+persuades him to itself. He would be wholly a Christian, but that he is
+something of an atheist, and wholly an atheist, but that he is partly a
+Christian; and a perfect heretic, but that there are so many to distract
+him. He finds reason in all opinions, truth in none: indeed the least
+reason perplexes him, and the best will not satisfy him. He is at most a
+confused and wild Christian, not specialized by any form, but capable of
+all. He uses the land's religion, because it is next him, yet he sees not
+why he may not take the other, but he chuses this, not as better, but
+because there is not a pin to choose. He finds doubts and scruples better
+than resolves them, and is always too hard for himself. His learning is
+too much for his brain, and his judgment too little for his learning, and
+his over-opinion of both, spoils all. Pity it was his mischance of being a
+scholar; for it does only distract and irregulate him, and the world by
+him. He hammers much in general upon our opinion's uncertainty, and the
+possibility of erring makes him not venture on what is true. He is
+troubled at this naturalness of religion to countries, that protestantism
+should be born so in England and popery abroad, and that fortune and the
+stars should so much share in it. He likes not this connection of the
+common-weal and divinity, and fears it may be an arch-practice of state.
+In our differences with Rome he is strangely unfixed, and a new man every
+new day, as his last discourse-book's meditations transport him. He could
+like the gray hairs of popery, did not some dotages there stagger him: he
+would come to us sooner, but our new name affrights him. He is taken with
+their miracles, but doubts an imposture; he conceives of our doctrine
+better, but it seems too empty and naked. He cannot drive into his fancy
+the circumscription of truth to our corner, and is as hardly persuaded to
+think their old legends true. He approves well of our faith, and more of
+their works, and is sometimes much affected at the zeal of Amsterdam. His
+conscience interposes itself betwixt duellers, and whilst it would part
+both, is by both wounded. He will sometimes propend much to us upon the
+reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine[58] recoils as far back again;
+and the fathers justle him from one side to another. Now Socinus[59] and
+Vorstius[60] afresh torture him, and he agrees with none worse than
+himself. He puts his foot into heresies tenderly, as a cat in the water,
+and pulls it out again, and still something unanswered delays him; yet he
+bears away some parcel of each, and you may sooner pick all religions out
+of him than one. He cannot think so many wise men should be in error, nor
+so many honest men out of the way, and his wonder is double when he sees
+these oppose one another. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason, and
+you cannot anger him worse than with a father's _dixit_, and yet that many
+are not persuaded with reason, shall authorise his doubt. In sum, his
+whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, which death only
+concludes, and then he is resolved.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[58] Robert Bellarmin, an Italian Jesuit, was born at Monte Pulciano, a
+town in Tuscany, in the year 1542, and in 1560 entered himself among the
+Jesuits. In 1599 he was honoured with a cardinal's hat, and in 1602 was
+presented with the arch-bishopric of Capua: this, however, he resigned in
+1605, when pope Paul V. desired to have him near himself. He was employed
+in the affairs of the court of Rome till 1621, when, leaving the Vatican,
+he retired to a house belonging to his order, and died September 17, in
+the same year.
+
+Bellarmin was one of the best controversial writers of his time; few
+authors have done greater honour to their profession or opinions, and
+certain it is that none have ever more ably defended the cause of the
+Romish church, or contended in favour of the pope with greater advantage.
+As a proof of Bellarmin's abilities, there was scarcely a divine of any
+eminence among the protestants who did not attack him: Bayle aptly says,
+"they made his name resound every where, ut littus Styla, Styla, omne
+sonaret."
+
+[59] Faustus Socinus is so well known as the founder of the sect which
+goes under his name, that a few words will be sufficient. He was born in
+1539, at Sienna, and imbibed his opinions from the instruction of his
+uncle, who always had a high opinion of, and confidence in, the abilities
+of his nephew, to whom he bequeathed all his papers. After living several
+years in the world, principally at the court of Francis de Medicis,
+Socinus, in 1577, went into Germany, and began to propagate the principles
+of his uncle, to which, it is said, he made great additions and
+alterations of his own. In the support of his opinions, he suffered
+considerable hardships, and received the greatest insults and
+persecutions; to avoid which, he retired to a place near Cracow, in
+Poland, where he died in 1504, at the age of sixty-five.
+
+[60] Conrade Vorstius, a learned divine, who was peculiarly detested by
+the Calvinists, and who had even the honour to be attacked by king James
+the first, of England, was born in 1569. Being compelled, through the
+interposition of James's ambassador, to quit Leiden, where he had attained
+the divinity-chair, and several other preferments, he retired to Toningen,
+where he died in 1622, with the strongest tokens of piety and resignation.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+AN ATTORNEY.
+
+
+His antient beginning was a blue coat, since a livery, and his hatching
+under a lawyer; whence, though but pen-feathered, he hath now nested for
+himself, and with his boarded pence purchased an office. Two desks and a
+quire of paper set him up, where he now sits in state for all corners. We
+can call him no great author, yet he writes very much and with the infamy
+of the court is maintained in his libels.[61] He has some smatch of a
+scholar, and yet uses Latin very hardly; and lest it should accuse him,
+cuts it off in the midst, and will not let it speak out. He is, contrary
+to great men, maintained by his followers, that is, his poor country
+clients, that worship him more than their landlords, and be they never
+such churls, he looks for their courtesy. He first racks them soundly
+himself, and then delivers them to the lawyer for execution. His looks are
+very solicitous, importing much haste and dispatch, he is never without
+his hands full of business, that is--of paper. His skin becomes at last as
+dry as his parchment, and his face as intricate as the most winding cause.
+He talks statutes as fiercely as if he had mooted[62] seven years in the
+inns of court, when all his skill is stuck in his girdle, or in his
+office-window. Strife and wrangling have made him rich, and he is thankful
+to his benefactor, and nourishes it. If he live in a country village, he
+makes all his neighbours good subjects; for there shall be nothing done
+but what there is law for. His business gives him not leave to think of
+his conscience, and when the time, or term of his life is going out, for
+dooms-day he is secure; for he hopes he has a trick to reverse judgment.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[61] _His style is very constant, for it keeps still the former aforesaid;
+and yet it seems he is much troubled in it, for he is always humbly
+complaining--your poor orator._ First edit.
+
+[62] To _moote_ a terme vsed in the innes of the court; it is the handling
+of a case, as in the Vniuersitie their disputations, &c. So _Minshew_, who
+supposes it to be derived from the French, _mot, verbum, quasi verba
+facere, aut sermonem de aliqua re habere_. _Mootmen_ are those who, having
+studied seven or eight years, are qualified to practise, and appear to
+answer to our term of barristers.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+A PARTIAL MAN
+
+
+Is the opposite extreme to a defamer, for the one speaks ill falsely, and
+the other well, and both slander the truth. He is one that is still
+weighing men in the scale of comparisons, and puts his affections in the
+one balance and that sways. His friend always shall do best, and you shall
+rarely hear good of his enemy. He considers first the man and then the
+thing, and restrains all merit to what they deserve of him. Commendations
+he esteems not the debt of worth, but the requital of kindness; and if you
+ask his reason, shews his interest, and tells you how much he is beholden
+to that man. He is one that ties his judgment to the wheel of fortune, and
+they determine giddily both alike. He prefers England before other
+countries because he was born there, and Oxford before other universities,
+because he was brought up there, and the best scholar there is one of his
+own college, and the best scholar there is one of his friends. He is a
+great favourer of great persons, and his argument is still that which
+should be antecedent; as,--he is in high place, therefore virtuous;--he is
+preferred, therefore worthy. Never ask his opinion, for you shall hear but
+his faction, and he is indifferent in nothing but conscience. Men esteem
+him for this a zealous affectionate, but they mistake him many times, for
+he does it but to be esteemed so. Of all men he is worst to write an
+history, for he will praise a Sejanus or Tiberius, and for some petty
+respect of his all posterity shall be cozened.
+
+
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+A TRUMPETER
+
+
+Is the elephant with the great trunk, for he eats nothing but what comes
+through this way. His profession is not so worthy as to occasion
+insolence, and yet no man so much puft up. His face is as brazen as his
+trumpet, and (which is worse,) as a fidler's, from whom he differeth only
+in this, that his impudence is dearer. The sea of drink and much wind make
+a storm perpetually in his cheeks, and his look is like his noise,
+blustering and tempestuous. He was whilom the sound of war, but now of
+peace; yet as terrible as ever, for wheresoever he comes they are sure to
+pay for it. He is the common attendant of glittering folks, whether in the
+court or stage, where he is always the prologue's prologue.[63] He is
+somewhat in the nature of a hogshead, shrillest when he is empty; when
+his belly is full he is quiet enough. No man proves life more to be a
+blast, or himself a bubble, and he is like a counterfeit bankrupt, thrives
+best when he is blown up.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[63] The prologue to our ancient dramas was ushered in by trumpets.
+"Present not yourselfe on the stage (especially at a new play) untill the
+quaking prologue hath (by rubbing) got cullor into his cheekes, and is
+ready to giue the trumpets their cue that hee's vpon point to enter."
+Decker's _Gul's Hornbook_, 1609. p. 30.
+
+"Doe you not know that I am the Prologue? Do you not see this long blacke
+veluet cloke vpon my backe? _Haue you not sounded thrice?_" Heywood's
+_Foure Prentises of London_. 4to. 1615.
+
+
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+A VULGAR-SPIRITED MAN
+
+
+Is one of the herd of the world. One that follows merely the common cry,
+and makes it louder by one. A man that loves none but who are publickly
+affected, and he will not be wiser than the rest of the town. That never
+owns a friend after an ill name, or some general imputation, though he
+knows it most unworthy. That opposes to reason, "thus men say;" and "thus
+most do;" and "thus the world goes;" and thinks this enough to poise the
+other. That worships men in place, and those only; and thinks all a great
+man speaks oracles. Much taken with my lord's jest, and repeats you it all
+to a syllable. One that justifies nothing out of fashion, nor any opinion
+out of the applauded way. That thinks certainly all Spaniards and Jesuits
+very villains, and is still cursing the pope and Spinola. One that thinks
+the gravest cassock the best scholar; and the best cloaths the finest man.
+That is taken only with broad and obscene wit, and hisses any thing too
+deep for him. That cries, Chaucer for his money above all our English
+poets, because the voice has gone so, and he has read none. That is much
+ravished with such a nobleman's courtesy, and would venture his life for
+him, because he put off his hat. One that is foremost still to kiss the
+king's hand, and cries, "God bless his majesty!" loudest. That rails on
+all men condemned and out of favour, and the first that says "away with
+the traitors!"--yet struck with much ruth at executions, and for pity to
+see a man die, could kill the hangman. That comes to London to see it, and
+the pretty things in it, and, the chief cause of his journey, the bears.
+That measures the happiness of the kingdom by the cheapness of corn, and
+conceives no harm of state, but ill trading. Within this compass too, come
+those that are too much wedged into the world, and have no lifting
+thoughts above those things; that call to thrive, to do well; and
+preferment only the grace of God. That aim all studies at this mark, and
+shew you poor scholars as an example to take heed by. That think the
+prison and want a judgment for some sin, and never like well hereafter of
+a jail-bird. That know no other content but wealth, bravery, and the
+town-pleasures; that think all else but idle speculation, and the
+philosophers madmen. In short, men that are carried away with all
+outwardnesses, shews, appearances, the stream, the people; for there is no
+man of worth but has a piece of singularity, and scorns something.
+
+
+
+
+XL.
+
+A PLODDING STUDENT
+
+
+Is a kind of alchymist or persecutor of nature, that would change the dull
+lead of his brain into finer metal, with success many times as
+unprosperous, or at least not quitting the cost, to wit, of his own oil
+and candles. He has a strange forced appetite to learning, and to atchieve
+it brings nothing but patience and a body. His study is not great but
+continual, and consists much in the sitting up till after midnight in a
+rug-gown and a night-cap, to the vanquishing perhaps of some six lines;
+yet what he has, he has perfect, for he reads it so long to understand it,
+till he gets it without book. He may with much industry make a breach into
+logick, and arrive at some ability in an argument; but for politer studies
+he dare not skirmish with them, and for poetry accounts it impregnable.
+His invention is no more than the finding out of his papers, and his few
+gleanings there; and his disposition of them is as just as the
+bookbinders, a setting or glewing of them together. He is a great
+discomforter of young students, by telling them what travel it has cost
+him, and how often his brain turned at philosophy, and makes others fear
+studying as a cause of duncery. He is a man much given to apothegms, which
+serve him for wit, and seldom breaks any jest but which belongs to some
+Lacedemonian or Roman in Lycosthenes. He is like a dull carrier's horse,
+that will go a whole week together, but never out of a foot pace; and he
+that sets forth on the Saturday shall overtake him.
+
+
+
+
+XLI.
+
+PAUL'S WALK[64]
+
+
+Is the land's epitome, or you may call it the lesser isle of Great
+Britain. It is more than this, the whole world's map, which you may here
+discern in its perfectest motion, justling and turning. It is a heap of
+stones and men, with a vast confusion of languages; and were the steeple
+not sanctified, nothing liker Babel. The noise in it is like that of bees,
+a strange humming or buzz mixed of walking tongues and feet: it is a kind
+of still roar or loud whisper. It is the great exchange of all discourse,
+and no business whatsoever but is here stirring and a-foot. It is the
+synod of all pates politick, jointed and laid together in most serious
+posture, and they are not half so busy at the parliament. It is the antick
+of tails to tails, and backs to backs, and for vizards you need go no
+farther than faces. It is the market of young lecturers, whom you may
+cheapen here at all rates and sizes. It is the general mint of all famous
+lies, which are here like the legends of popery, first coined and stamped
+in the church. All inventions are emptied here, and not few pockets. The
+best sign of a temple in it is, that it is the thieves sanctuary, which
+rob more safely in the crowd than a wilderness, whilst every searcher is a
+bush to hide them. It is the other expence of the day, after plays,
+tavern, and a bawdy-house; and men have still some oaths left to swear
+here. It is the ear's brothel, and satisfies their lust and itch. The
+visitants are all men without exceptions, but the principal inhabitants
+and possessors are stale knights and captains[65] out of service; men of
+long rapiers and breeches, which after all turn merchants here and
+traffick for news. Some make it a preface to their dinner, and travel for
+a stomach; but thriftier men make it their ordinary, and board here very
+cheap.[66] Of all such places it is least haunted with hobgoblins, for if
+a ghost would walk more, he could not.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[64] St. Paul's cathedral was, during the reigns of Elizabeth and James, a
+sort of exchange and public parade, where business was transacted between
+merchants, and where the fashionables of the day exhibited themselves. The
+reader will find several allusions to this custom in the _variorum_
+edition of Shakspeare, _K. Henry IV._ part 2. Osborne, in his _Traditional
+Memoires on the Reigns of Elizabeth and James_, 12mo. 1658, says, "It was
+the fashion of those times (James I.) and did so continue till these, (the
+interregnum,) for the principal gentry, lords, courtiers, and men of all
+professions, not merely mechanicks, to meet in _St. Paul's_ church by
+eleven, and walk in the middle isle till twelve, and after dinner from
+three to six; during which time some discoursed of business, others of
+news." Weever complains of the practice, and says, "it could be wished
+that walking in the middle isle of _Paules_ might be forborne in the time
+of diuine seruice." _Ancient Funeral Monuments_, 1631, page 373.
+
+[65] In the _Dramatis Personae_ to Ben Jonson's _Every Man in his Humour_,
+Bobadil is styled a _Paul's man_; and Falstaff tells us that he bought
+Bardolph in _Paul's_. _King Henry IV._ Part 2.
+
+[66]
+
+                  ----You'd not doe
+    Like your penurious father, who was wont
+    _To walke his dinner out in Paules_.
+
+Mayne's _City Match_, 1658.
+
+
+
+
+XLII.
+
+A COOK.
+
+
+The kitchen is his hell, and he the devil in it, where his meat and he fry
+together. His revenues are showered down from the fat of the land, and he
+interlards his own grease among to help the drippings. Cholerick he is not
+by nature so much as his art, and it is a shrewd temptation that the
+chopping-knife is so near. His weapons, ofter offensive, are a mess of hot
+broth and scalding water, and woe be to him that comes in his way. In the
+kitchen he will domineer and rule the roast in spight of his master, and
+curses in the very dialect of his calling. His labour is meer blustering
+and fury, and his speech like that of sailors in a storm, a thousand
+businesses at once; yet, in all this tumult, he does not love combustion,
+but will be the first man that shall go and quench it. He is never a good
+christian till a hissing pot of ale has slacked him, like water cast on a
+firebrand, and for that time he is tame and dispossessed. His cunning is
+not small in architecture, for he builds strange fabricks in paste, towers
+and castles, which are offered to the assault of valiant teeth, and like
+Darius' palace in one banquet demolished. He is a pittiless murderer of
+innocents, and he mangles poor fowls with unheard-of tortures; and it is
+thought the martyrs persecutions were devised from hence: sure we are, St.
+Lawrence's gridiron came out of his kitchen. His best faculty is at the
+dresser, where he seems to have great skill in the tacticks, ranging his
+dishes in order military, and placing with great discretion in the
+fore-front meats more strong and hardy, and the more cold and cowardly in
+the rear; as quaking tarts and quivering custards, and such milk-sop
+dishes, which scape many times the fury of the encounter. But now the
+second course is gone up and he down in the cellar, where he drinks and
+sleeps till four o'clock[67] in the afternoon, and then returns again to
+his regiment.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[67] The time of supper was about five o'clock. See note at page 39.
+
+
+
+
+XLIII.
+
+A BOLD FORWARD MAN
+
+
+Is a lusty fellow in a crowd, that is beholden more to his elbow than his
+legs, for he does not go, but thrusts well. He is a good shuffler in the
+world, wherein he is so oft putting forth, that at length he puts on. He
+can do some things, but dare do much more, and is like a desperate
+soldier, who will assault any thing where he is sure not to enter. He is
+not so well opinioned of himself, as industrious to make others, and
+thinks no vice so prejudicial as blushing. He is still citing for himself,
+that a candle should not be hid under a bushel; and for his part he will
+be sure not to hide his, though his candle be but a snuff or rush-candle.
+Those few good parts he has, he is no niggard in displaying, and is like
+some needy flaunting goldsmith, nothing in the inner room, but all on the
+cupboard. If he be a scholar, he has commonly stepped into the pulpit
+before a degree, yet into that too before he deserved it. He never defers
+St. Mary's beyond his regency, and his next sermon is at Paul's cross,[68]
+[and that printed.] He loves publick things alive; and for any solemn
+entertainment he will find a mouth, find a speech who will. He is greedy
+of great acquaintance and many, and thinks it no small advancement to rise
+to be known. [He is one that has all the great names at court at his
+fingers ends, and their lodgings; and with a saucy, "my lord," will salute
+the best of them.] His talk at the table is like Benjamin's mess, five
+times to his part, and no argument shuts him out for a quarreller. Of all
+disgraces he endures not to be non-plussed, and had rather fly for
+sanctuary to nonsense which few descry, than to nothing which all. His
+boldness is beholden to other men's modesty, which rescues him many times
+from a baffle; yet his face is good armour, and he is dashed out of any
+thing sooner than countenance. Grosser conceits are puzzled in him for a
+rare man; and wiser men though they know him [yet] take him [in] for their
+pleasure, or as they would do a sculler for being next at hand. Thus
+preferment at last stumbles on him, because he is still in the way. His
+companions that flouted him before, now envy him, when they see him come
+ready for scarlet, whilst themselves lye musty in their old clothes and
+colleges.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[68] Paul's cross stood in the church-yard of that cathedral, on the north
+side, towards the east end. It was used for the preaching of sermons to
+the populace; and Holinshed mentions two instances of public penance being
+performed here; in 1534 by some of the adherents of Elizabeth Barton, well
+known as _the holy maid of Kent_, and in 1536 by sir Thomas Newman, a
+priest, who "_bare a faggot at Paules crosse for singing masse with good
+ale_."
+
+
+
+
+XLIV.
+
+A BAKER.
+
+
+No man verifies the proverb more, that it is an alms-deed to punish him;
+for his penalty is a dole,[69] and does the beggars as much good as their
+dinner. He abhors, therefore, works of charity, and thinks his bread cast
+away when it is given to the poor. He loves not justice neither, for the
+weigh-scale's sake, and hates the clerk of the market as his executioner;
+yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
+prison.[70] Marry a pillory is his deadly enemy, and he never hears well
+after.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[69] _Dole_ originally signified the portion of alms that was given away
+at the door of a nobleman. Steevens, note to _Shakspeare_. Sir John
+Hawkins affirms that the benefaction distributed at Lambeth palace gate,
+is to this day called the _dole_.
+
+[70] That is, the contents of his basket, if discovered to be of light
+weight, are distributed to the needy prisoners.
+
+
+
+
+XLV.
+
+A PRETENDER TO LEARNING
+
+
+Is one that would make all others more fools than himself, for though he
+know nothing, he would not have the would know so much. He conceits
+nothing in learning but the opinion, which he seeks to purchase without
+it, though he might with less labour cure his ignorance than hide it. He
+is indeed a kind of scholar-mountebank, and his art our delusion. He is
+tricked out in all the accoutrements of learning, and at the first
+encounter none passes better. He is oftener in his study than at his book,
+and you cannot pleasure him better than to deprehend him: yet he hears you
+not till the third knock, and then comes out very angry as interrupted.
+You find him in his _slippers_[71] and a pen in his ear, in which
+formality he was asleep. His table is spread wide with some classick
+folio, which is as constant to it as the carpet, and hath laid open in the
+same page this half year. His candle is always a longer sitter up than
+himself, and the _boast_[72] of his window at midnight. He walks much
+alone in the posture of meditation, and has a book still before his face
+in the fields. His pocket is seldom without a Greek testament or Hebrew
+bible, which he opens only in the church, and that when some stander-by
+looks over. He has sentences for company, some scatterings of Seneca and
+Tacitus, which are good upon all occasions. If he reads any thing in the
+morning, it comes up all at dinner; and as long as that lasts, the
+discourse is his. He is a great plagiary of tavern wit, and comes to
+sermons only that he may talk of Austin. His parcels are the meer
+scrapings from company, yet he complains at parting what time he has lost.
+He is wondrously capricious to seem a judgment, and listens with a sower
+attention to what he understands not. He talks much of Scaliger, and
+Casaubon, and the Jesuits, and prefers some unheard-of Dutch name before
+them all. He has verses to bring in upon these and these hints, and it
+shall go hard but he will wind in his opportunity. He is critical in a
+language he cannot conster, and speaks seldom under Arminius in divinity.
+His business and retirement and caller away is his study, and he protests
+no delight to it comparable. He is a great nomenclator of authors, which
+he has read in general in the catalogue, and in particular in the title,
+and goes seldom so far as the dedication. He never talks of any thing but
+learning, and learns all from talking. Three encounters with the same men
+pump him, and then he only puts in or gravely says nothing. He has taken
+pains to be an ass, though not to be a scholar, and is at length
+discovered and laughed at.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[71] _Study_, first edit.
+
+[72] The first edition reads _post_, and, I think, preferably.
+
+
+
+
+XLVI.
+
+A HERALD
+
+
+Is the spawn or indeed but the resultancy of nobility, and to the making
+of him went not a generation but a genealogy. His trade is honour, and he
+sells it and gives arms himself, though he be no gentleman. His bribes are
+like those of a corrupt judge, for they are the prices of blood. He seems
+very rich in discourse, for he tells you of whole fields of gold and
+silver, or, and argent, worth much in French but in English nothing. He is
+a great diver in the streams or issues of gentry, and not a by-channel or
+bastard escapes him; yea he does with them like some shameless queen,
+fathers more children on them than ever they begot. His traffick is a kind
+of pedlary-ware, scutchions, and pennons, and little daggers and lions,
+such as children esteem and gentlemen; but his penny-worths are rampant,
+for you may buy three whole brawns cheaper than three boar's heads of him
+painted. He was sometimes the terrible coat of Mars, but is now for more
+merciful battles in the tilt-yard, where whosoever is victorious, the
+spoils are his. He is an art in England but in Wales nature, where they
+are born with heraldry in their mouths, and each name is a pedigree.
+
+
+
+
+XLVII.
+
+THE COMMON SINGING-MEN IN CATHEDRAL CHURCHES
+
+
+Are a bad society, and yet a company of good fellows, that roar deep in
+the quire, deeper in the tavern. They are the eight parts of speech which
+go to the syntaxis of service, and are distinguished by their noises much
+like bells, for they make not a concert but a peal. Their pastime or
+recreation is prayers, their exercise drinking, yet herein so religiously
+addicted that they serve God oftest when they are drunk. Their humanity is
+a leg to the residencer, their learning a chapter, for they learn it
+commonly before they read it; yet the old Hebrew names are little beholden
+to them, for they mis-call them worse than one another. Though they never
+expound the scripture, they handle it much, and pollute the gospel with
+two things, their conversation and their thumbs. Upon worky-days, they
+behave themselves at prayers as at their pots, for they swallow them down
+in an instant. Their gowns are laced commonly with streamings of ale, the
+superfluities of a cup or throat above measure. Their skill in melody
+makes them the better companions abroad, and their anthems abler to sing
+catches. Long lived for the most part they are not, especially the base,
+they overflow their bank so oft to drown the organs. Briefly, if they
+escape arresting, they die constantly in God's service; and to take their
+death with more patience, they have wine and cakes at their funeral, and
+now they keep[73] the church a great deal better, and help to fill it
+with their bones as before with their noise.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[73] _Keep_ for attend.
+
+
+
+
+XLVIII.
+
+A SHOP-KEEPER.
+
+
+His shop is his well stuft book, and himself the title-page of it, or
+index. He utters much to all men, though he sells but to a few, and
+intreats for his own necessities, by asking others what they lack. No man
+speaks more and no more, for his words are like his wares, twenty of one
+sort, and he goes over them alike to all commers. He is an arrogant
+commender of his own things; for whatsoever he shews you is the best in
+the town, though the worst in his shop. His conscience was a thing that
+would have laid upon his hands, and he was forced to put it off, and
+makes great use of honesty to profess upon. He tells you lies by rote,
+and not minding, as the phrase to sell in, and the language he spent most
+of his years to learn. He never speaks so truely as when he says he would
+use you as his brother; for he would abuse his brother, and in his shop
+thinks it lawful. His religion is much in the nature of his customers, and
+indeed the pander to it: and by a mis-interpreted sense of scripture makes
+a gain of his godliness. He is your slave while you pay him ready money,
+but if he once befriend you, your tyrant, and you had better deserve his
+hate than his trust.
+
+
+
+
+
+XLIX.
+
+A BLUNT MAN
+
+
+Is one whose wit is better pointed than his behaviour, and that coarse and
+impolished, not out of ignorance so much as humour. He is a great enemy to
+the fine gentleman, and these things of complement, and hates ceremony in
+conversation, as the Puritan in religion. He distinguishes not betwixt
+fair and double dealing, and suspects all smoothness for the dress of
+knavery. He starts at the encounter of a salutation as an assault, and
+beseeches you in choler to forbear your courtesy. He loves not any thing
+in discourse that comes before the purpose, and is always suspicious of a
+preface. Himself falls rudely still on his matter without any
+circumstance, except he use an old proverb for an introduction. He swears
+old out-of-date innocent oaths, as, by the mass! by our lady! and such
+like, and though there be lords present, he cries, my masters! He is
+exceedingly in love with his humour, which makes him always profess and
+proclaim it, and you must take what he says patiently, because he is a
+plain man. His nature is his excuse still, and other men's tyrant; for he
+must speak his mind, and that is his worst, and craves your pardon most
+injuriously for not pardoning you. His jests best become him, because
+they come from him rudely and unaffected; and he has the luck commonly to
+have them famous. He is one that will do more than he will speak, and yet
+speak more than he will hear; for though he love to touch others, he is
+touchy himself, and seldom to his own abuses replies but with his fists.
+He is as squeazy[74] of his commendations, as his courtesy, and his good
+word is like an eulogy in a satire. He is generally better favoured than
+he favours, as being commonly well expounded in his bitterness, and no man
+speaks treason more securely. He chides great men with most boldness, and
+is counted for it an honest fellow. He is grumbling much in the behalf of
+the commonwealth, and is in prison oft for it with credit. He is generally
+honest, but more generally thought so, and his downrightness credits him,
+as a man not well bended and crookned to the times. In conclusion, he is
+not easily bad, in whom this quality is nature, but the counterfeit is
+most dangerous, since he is disguised in a humour, that professes not to
+disguise.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[74] _Squeazy_, niggardly.
+
+
+
+
+L.
+
+A HANDSOME HOSTESS
+
+
+Is the fairer commendation of an inn, above the fair sign, or fair
+lodgings. She is the loadstone that attracts men of iron, gallants and
+roarers, where they cleave sometimes long, and are not easily got off. Her
+lips are your welcome, and your entertainment her company, which is put
+into the reckoning too, and is the dearest parcel in it. No citizen's wife
+is demurer than she at the first greeting, nor draws in her mouth with a
+chaster simper; but you may be more familiar without distaste, and she
+does not startle at bawdry. She is the confusion of a pottle of sack more
+than would have been spent elsewhere, and her little jugs are accepted to
+have her kiss excuse them. She may be an honest woman, but is not believed
+so in her parish, and no man is a greater infidel in it than her husband.
+
+
+
+
+LI.
+
+A CRITIC
+
+
+Is one that has spelled over a great many books, and his observation is
+the orthography. He is the surgeon of old authors, and heals the wounds of
+dust and ignorance. He converses much in fragments and _desunt multa's_,
+and if he piece it up with two lines he is more proud of that book than
+the author. He runs over all sciences to peruse their syntaxis, and thinks
+all learning comprised in writing Latin. He tastes stiles as some
+discreeter palates do wine; and tells you which is genuine, which
+sophisticate and bastard. His own phrase is a miscellany of old words,
+deceased long before the Caesars, and entombed by Varro, and the modernest
+man he follows is Plautus. He writes _omneis_ at length, and _quidquid_,
+and his gerund is most inconformable. He is a troublesome vexer of the
+dead, which after so long sparing must rise up to the judgment of his
+castigations. He is one that makes all books sell dearer, whilst he swells
+them into folios with his comments.[75]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[75] On this passage, I fear, the present volume will be a sufficient
+commentary.
+
+
+
+
+LII.
+
+A SERGEANT, OR CATCH-POLE
+
+
+Is one of God's judgments; and which our roarers do only conceive
+terrible. He is the properest shape wherein they fancy Satan; for he is at
+most but an arrester, and hell a dungeon. He is the creditor's hawk,
+wherewith they seize upon flying birds, and fetch them again in his
+tallons. He is the period of young gentlemen, or their full stop, for when
+he meets with them they can go no farther. His ambush is a shop-stall, or
+close lane, and his assault is cowardly at your back. He respites you in
+no place but a tavern, where he sells his minutes dearer than a
+clock-maker. The common way to run from him is through him, which is often
+attempted and atchieved,[76] [_and no man is more beaten out of charity_.]
+He is one makes the street more dangerous than the highways, and men go
+better provided in their walks than their journey. He is the first handsel
+of the young rapiers of the templers; and they are as proud of his repulse
+as an Hungarian of killing a Turk. He is a moveable prison, and his hands
+two manacles hard to be filed off. He is an occasioner of disloyal
+thoughts in the commonwealth, for he makes men hate the king's name worse
+than the devil's.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[76] _And the clubs out of charity knock him down_, first edit.
+
+
+
+
+LIII.
+
+AN UNIVERSITY DUN
+
+
+Is a gentleman's follower cheaply purchased, for his own money has hired
+him. He is an inferior creditor of some ten shillings downwards,
+contracted for horse-hire, or perchance for drink, too weak to be put in
+suit, and he arrests your modesty. He is now very expensive of his time,
+for he will wait upon your stairs a whole afternoon, and dance attendance
+with more patience than a gentleman-usher. He is a sore beleaguerer of
+chambers, and assaults them sometimes with furious knocks; yet finds
+strong resistance commonly, and is kept out. He is a great complainer of
+scholar's loytering, for he is sure never to find them within, and yet he
+is the chief cause many times that makes them study. He grumbles at the
+ingratitude of men that shun him for his kindness, but indeed it is his
+own fault, for he is too great an upbraider. No man puts them more to
+their brain than he; and by shifting him off they learn to shift in the
+world. Some chuse their rooms on purpose to avoid his surprisals, and
+think the best commodity in them his prospect. He is like a rejected
+acquaintance, hunts those that care not for his company, and he knows it
+well enough, and yet will not keep away. The sole place to supple him is
+the buttery, where he takes grievous use upon your name,[77] and he is one
+much wrought with good beer and rhetorick. He is a man of most unfortunate
+voyages, and no gallant walks the streets to less purpose.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[77] That is, _runs you up a long score_.
+
+
+
+
+LIV.
+
+A STAYED MAN
+
+
+Is a man: one that has taken order with himself, and sets a rule to those
+lawlesnesses within him: whose life is distinct and in method, and his
+actions, as it were, cast up before; not loosed into the world's vanities,
+but gathered up and contracted in his station: not scattered into many
+pieces of businesses, but that one course he takes, goes through with. A
+man firm and standing in his purposes, not heaved off with each wind and
+passion: that squares his expence to his coffers, and makes the total
+first, and then the items. One that thinks what he does, and does what he
+says, and foresees what he may do before he purposes. One whose "if I can"
+is more than another's assurance; and his doubtful tale before some men's
+protestations:--that is confident of nothing in futurity, yet his
+conjectures oft true prophecies:--that makes a pause still betwixt his
+ear and belief, and is not too hasty to say after others. One whose tongue
+is strung up like a clock till the time, and then strikes, and says much
+when he talks little:--that can see the truth betwixt two wranglers, and
+sees them agree even in that they fall out upon:--that speaks no rebellion
+in a bravery, or talks big from the spirit of sack. A man cool and
+temperate in his passions, not easily betrayed by his choler:--that vies
+not oath with oath, nor heat with heat, but replies calmly to an angry
+man, and is too hard for him too:--that can come fairly off from captain's
+companies, and neither drink nor quarrel. One whom no ill hunting sends
+home discontented, and makes him swear at his dogs and family. One not
+hasty to pursue the new fashion, nor yet affectedly true to his old round
+breeches; but gravely handsome, and to his place, which suits him better
+than his taylor: active in the world without disquiet, and careful without
+misery; yet neither ingulphed in his pleasures, nor a seeker of business,
+but has his hour for both. A man that seldom laughs violently, but his
+mirth is a cheerful look: of a composed and settled countenance, not set,
+nor much alterable with sadness or joy. He affects nothing so wholly, that
+he must be a miserable man when he loses it; but fore-thinks what will
+come hereafter, and spares fortune his thanks and curses. One that loves
+his credit, not this word reputation; yet can save both without a duel.
+Whose entertainments to greater men are respectful, not complementary; and
+to his friends plain, not rude. A good husband, father, master; that is,
+without doting, pampering, familiarity. A man well poised in all humours,
+in whom nature shewed most geometry, and he has not spoiled the work. A
+man of more wisdom than wittiness, and brain than fancy; and abler to any
+thing than to make verses.
+
+
+
+
+LV.
+
+A MODEST MAN
+
+
+Is a far finer man than he knows of, one that shews better to all men than
+himself, and so much the better to all men, as less to himself;[78] for no
+quality sets a man off like this, and commends him more against his will:
+and he can put up any injury sooner than this (as he calls it) your irony.
+You shall hear him confute his commenders, and giving reasons how much
+they are mistaken, and is angry almost if they do not believe him. Nothing
+threatens him so much as great expectation, which he thinks more
+prejudicial than your under-opinion, because it is easier to make that
+false, than this true. He is one that sneaks from a good action, as one
+that had pilfered, and dare not justify it; and is more blushingly
+reprehended in this, than others in sin: that counts all publick
+declarings of himself, but so many penances before the people; and the
+more you applaud him, the more you abash him, and he recovers not his face
+a month after. One that is easy to like any thing of another man's, and
+thinks all he knows not of him better than that he knows. He excuses that
+to you, which another would impute; and if you pardon him, is satisfied.
+One that stands in no opinion because it is his own, but suspects it
+rather, because it is his own, and is confuted and thanks you. He sees
+nothing more willingly than his errors, and it is his error sometimes to
+be too soon persuaded. He is content to be auditor, where he only can
+speak, and content to go away, and think himself instructed. No man is so
+weak that he is ashamed to learn of, and is less ashamed to confess it;
+and he finds many times even in the dust, what others overlook and lose.
+Every man's presence is a kind of bridle to him, to stop the roving of his
+tongue and passions: and even impudent men look for this reverence from
+him, and distaste that in him, which they suffer in themselves, as one in
+whom vice is ill-favoured, and shews more scurvily than another. A bawdy
+jest shall shame him more than a bastard another man, and he that got it
+shall censure him among the rest. And he is coward to nothing more than an
+ill tongue, and whosoever dare lye on him hath power over him; and if you
+take him by his look, he is guilty. The main ambition of his life is not
+to be discredited; and for other things, his desires are more limited than
+his fortunes, which he thinks preferment, though never so mean, and that
+he is to do something to deserve this. He is too tender to venture on
+great places, and would not hurt a dignity to help himself: If he do, it
+was the violence of his friends constrained him, how hardly soever he
+obtain it, he was harder persuaded to seek it.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[78] This, as well as many other passages in this work, has been
+appropriated by John Dunton, the celebrated bookseller, as his own. See
+his character of Mr. Samuel Hool, in _Dunton's Life and Errors_, 8vo.
+1705. p. 337.
+
+
+
+
+LVI.
+
+A MEER EMPTY WIT
+
+
+Is like one that spends on the stock without any revenues coming in, and
+will shortly be no wit at all; for learning is the fuel to the fire of
+wit, which, if it wants this feeding, eats out it self. A good conceit or
+two bates of such a man, and makes a sensible weakening in him; and his
+brain recovers it not a year after. The rest of him are bubbles and
+flashes, darted out on a sudden, which, if you take them while they are
+warm, may be laughed at; if they are cool, are nothing. He speaks best on
+the present apprehension, for meditation stupifies him, and the more he is
+in travel, the less he brings forth. His things come off then, as in a
+nauseateing stomach, where there is nothing to cast up, strains and
+convulsions, and some astonishing bombasts, which men only, till they
+understand, are scared with. A verse or some such work he may sometimes
+get up to, but seldom above the stature of an epigram, and that with some
+relief out of Martial, which is the ordinary companion of his pocket, and
+he reads him as he were inspired. Such men are commonly the trifling
+things of the world, good to make merry the company, and whom only men
+have to do withal when they have nothing to do, and none are less their
+friends than who are most their company. Here they vent themselves over a
+cup some-what more lastingly; all their words go for jests, and all their
+jests for nothing. They are nimble in the fancy of some ridiculous thing,
+and reasonable good in the expression. Nothing stops a jest when it's
+coming, neither friends, nor danger, but it must out howsoever, though
+their blood come out after, and then they emphatically rail, and are
+emphatically beaten, and commonly are men reasonable familiar to this.
+Briefly they are such whose life is but to laugh and be laughed at; and
+only wits in jest and fools in earnest.
+
+
+
+
+LVII.
+
+A DRUNKARD
+
+
+Is one that will be a man to-morrow morning, but is now what you will make
+him, for he is in the power of the next man, and if a friend the better.
+One that hath let go himself from the hold and stay of reason, and lies
+open to the mercy of all temptations. No lust but finds him disarmed and
+fenceless, and with the least assault enters. If any mischief escape him,
+it was not his fault, for he was laid as fair for it as he could. Every
+man sees him, as Cham saw his father the first of this sin, an uncovered
+man, and though his garment be on, uncovered; the secretest parts of his
+soul lying in the nakedest manner visible: all his passions come out now,
+all his vanities, and those shamefuller humours which discretion clothes.
+His body becomes at last like a miry way, where the spirits are beclogged
+and cannot pass: all his members are out of office, and his heels do but
+trip up one another. He is a blind man with eyes, and a cripple with legs
+on. All the use he has of this vessel himself, is to hold thus much; for
+his drinking is but a scooping in of so many quarts, which are filled out
+into his body, and that filled out again into the room, which is commonly
+as drunk as he. Tobacco serves to air him after a washing, and is his only
+breath and breathing while. He is the greatest enemy to himself, and the
+next to his friend, and then most in the act of his kindness, for his
+kindness is but trying a mastery, who shall sink down first: and men come
+from him as a battle, wounded and bound up. Nothing takes a man off more
+from his credit, and business, and makes him more retchlesly[79] careless
+what becomes of all. Indeed he dares not enter on a serious thought, or if
+he do, it is such melancholy that it sends him to be drunk again.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[79] Rechlesse, _negligent_. Saxon, rectlerre. Chaucer uses it also as an
+adjective:
+
+    "I may not in this cas be _reccheles_."
+
+_Clerkes Tale_, v. 8364.
+
+
+
+
+LVIII.
+
+A PRISON
+
+
+Is the grave of the living,[80] where they are shut up from the world and
+their friends; and the worms that gnaw upon them their own thoughts and
+the jaylor. A house of meagre looks and ill smells, for lice, drink, and
+tobacco are the compound. Pluto's court was expressed from this fancy; and
+the persons are much about the same parity that is there. You may ask, as
+Menippus in Lucian, which is Nireus, which Thersites, which the beggar,
+which the knight;--for they are all suited in the same form of a kind of
+nasty poverty. Only to be out at elbows is in fashion here, and a great
+indecorum not to be thread-bare. Every man shews here like so many wracks
+upon the sea, here the ribs of a thousand pound, here the relicks of so
+many mannors, a doublet without buttons; and 'tis a spectacle of more pity
+than executions are. The company one with the other is but a vying of
+complaints, and the causes they have to rail on fortune and fool
+themselves, and there is a great deal of good fellowship in this. They are
+commonly, next their creditors, most bitter against the lawyers, as men
+that have had a great stroke in assisting them hither. Mirth here is
+stupidity or hard-heartedness, yet they feign it sometimes to slip
+melancholy, and keep off themselves from themselves, and the torment of
+thinking what they have been. Men huddle up their life here as a thing of
+no use, and wear it out like an old suit, the faster the better; and he
+that deceives the time best, best spends it. It is the place where new
+comers are most welcomed, and, next them, ill news, as that which extends
+their fellowship in misery, and leaves few to insult:--and they breath
+their discontents more securely here, and have their tongues at more
+liberty than abroad. Men see here much sin and much calamity; and where
+the last does not mortify, the other hardens; as those that are worse
+here, are desperately worse, and those from whom the horror of sin is
+taken off and the punishment familiar: and commonly a hard thought passes
+on all that come from this school; which though it teach much wisdom, it
+is too late, and with danger: and it is better be a fool than come here to
+learn it.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[80] "A prison is a graue to bury men aliue, and a place wherein a man for
+halfe a yeares experience may learne more law then he can at Westminster
+for an hundred pound." Mynshul's _Essays and Characters of a Prison_. 4to.
+1618.
+
+
+
+
+LIX.
+
+A SERVING MAN
+
+
+Is one of the makings up of a gentleman as well as his clothes, and
+somewhat in the same nature, for he is cast behind his master as
+fashionably as his sword and cloak are, and he is but _in querpo_[81]
+without him. His properness[82] qualifies him, and of that a good leg;
+for his head he has little use but to keep it bare. A good dull wit best
+suits with him to comprehend common sense and a trencher; for any greater
+store of brain it makes him but tumultuous, and seldom thrives with him.
+He follows his master's steps, as well in conditions as the street; if he
+wench or drink, he comes him in an under kind, and thinks it a part of his
+duty to be like him. He is indeed wholly his master's; of his faction,--of
+his cut,--of his pleasures:--he is handsome for his credit, and drunk for
+his credit, and if he have power in the cellar, commands the parish. He is
+one that keeps the best company, and is none of it; for he knows all the
+gentlemen his master knows, and picks from thence some hawking and
+horse-race terms,[83] which he swaggers with in the ale-house, where he is
+only called master. His mirth is bawdy jests with the wenches, and, behind
+the door, bawdy earnest. The best work he does is his marrying, for it
+makes an honest woman, and if he follows in it his master's direction, it
+is commonly the best service he does him.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[81] _In querpo_ is a corruption from the Spanish word _cuerpo_. "_En
+cuerpo, a man without a cloak._" Pineda's _Dictionary_, 1740. The present
+signification evidently is, that a gentleman without his serving-man, or
+attendant, is but half dressed:--he possesses only in part the appearance
+of a man of fashion. "_To walk in cuerpo, is to go without a cloak._"
+_Glossographia Anglicana Nova_, 8vo. 1719.
+
+[82] _Proper_ was frequently used by old writers for comely, or handsome.
+Shakspeare has several instances of it:
+
+    "I do mistake my person all this while:
+    Upon my life, she finds, although I cannot,
+    Myself to be a marvellous _proper_ man."
+
+_K. Richard III._ Act I. Sc. 2. &c.
+
+[83] "Why you know an'a man have not skill in the hawking and hunting
+languages now-a-days, I'll not give a rush for him." _Master Stephen._
+_Every Man in his Humour._
+
+
+
+
+LX.
+
+AN INSOLENT MAN
+
+
+Is a fellow newly great and newly proud; one that hath put himself into
+another face upon his preferment, for his own was not bred to it. One whom
+fortune hath shot up to some office or authority, and he shoots up his
+neck to his fortune, and will not bate you an inch of either. His very
+countenance and gesture bespeak how much he is, and if you understand him
+not, he tells you, and concludes every period with his place, which you
+must and shall know. He is one that looks on all men as if he were angry,
+but especially on those of his acquaintance, whom he beats off with a
+surlier distance, as men apt to mistake him, because they have known him;
+and for this cause he knows not you 'till you have told him your name,
+which he thinks he has heard, but forgot, and with much ado seems to
+recover. If you have any thing to use him in, you are his vassal for that
+time, and must give him the patience of any injury, which he does only to
+shew what he may do. He snaps you up bitterly, because he will be
+offended, and tells you, you are sawcy and troublesome, and sometimes
+takes your money in this language. His very courtesies are intolerable,
+they are done with such an arrogance and imputation; and he is the only
+man you may hate after a good turn, and not be ungrateful; and men reckon
+it among their calamities to be beholden unto him. No vice draws with it a
+more general hostility, and makes men readier to search into his faults,
+and of them, his beginning; and no tale so unlikely but is willingly heard
+of him and believed. And commonly such men are of no merit at all, but
+make out in pride what they want in worth, and fence themselves with a
+stately kind of behaviour from that contempt which would pursue them. They
+are men whose preferment does us a great deal of wrong, and when they are
+down, we may laugh at them without breach of good-nature.
+
+
+
+
+LXI.
+
+ACQUAINTANCE
+
+
+Is the first draught of a friend, whom we must lay down oft thus, as the
+foul copy, before we can write him perfect and true: for from hence, as
+from a probation, men take a degree in our respect, till at last they
+wholly possess us: for acquaintance is the hoard, and friendship the pair
+chosen out of it; by which at last we begin to impropriate and inclose to
+ourselves what before lay in common with others. And commonly where it
+grows not up to this, it falls as low as may be; and no poorer relation
+than old acquaintance, of whom we only ask how they do for fashion's sake,
+and care not. The ordinary use of acquaintance is but somewhat a more
+boldness of society, a sharing of talk, news, drink, mirth together; but
+sorrow is the right of a friend, as a thing nearer our heart, and to be
+delivered with it. Nothing easier than to create acquaintance, the mere
+being in company once does it; whereas friendship, like children, is
+ingendered by a more inward mixture, and coupling together; when we are
+acquainted not with their virtues only, but their faults, their passions,
+their fears, their shame,--and are bold on both sides to make their
+discovery. And as it is in the love of the body, which is then at the
+height and full when it has power and admittance into the hidden and
+worst parts of it; so it is in friendship with the mind, when those
+_verenda_ of the soul, and those things which we dare not shew the world,
+are bare and detected one to another. Some men are familiar with all, and
+those commonly friends to none; for friendship is a sullener thing, is a
+contractor and taker up of our affections to some few, and suffers them
+not loosely to be scattered on all men. The poorest tie of acquaintance is
+that of place and country, which are shifted as the place, and missed but
+while the fancy of that continues. These are only then gladdest of other,
+when they meet in some foreign region, where the encompassing of strangers
+unites them closer, till at last they get new, and throw off one another.
+Men of parts and eminency, as their acquaintance is more sought for, so
+they are generally more staunch of it, not out of pride only, but fear to
+let too many in too near them: for it is with men as with pictures, the
+best show better afar off and at distance, and the closer you come to them
+the coarser they are. The best judgment of a man is taken from his
+acquaintance, for friends and enemies are both partial; whereas these see
+him truest because calmest, and are no way so engaged to lie for him. And
+men that grow strange after acquaintance, seldom piece together again, as
+those that have tasted meat and dislike it, out of a mutual experience
+disrelishing one another.
+
+
+
+
+LXII.
+
+A MEER COMPLIMENTAL MAN
+
+
+Is one to be held off still at the same distance you are now; for you
+shall have him but thus, and if you enter on him farther you lose him.
+Methinks Virgil well expresses him in those well-behaved ghosts that AEneas
+met with, that were friends to talk with, and men to look on, but if he
+grasped them, but air.[84] He is one that lies kindly to you, and for good
+fashion's sake, and tis discourtesy in you to believe him. His words are
+so many fine phrases set together, which serve equally for all men, and
+are equally to no purpose. Each fresh encounter with a man puts him to the
+same part again, and he goes over to you what he said to him was last with
+him: he kisses your hands as he kissed his before, and is your servant to
+be commanded, but you shall intreat of him nothing. His proffers are
+universal and general, with exceptions against all particulars. He will do
+any thing for you, but if you urge him to this, he cannot, or to that, he
+is engaged; but he will do any thing. Promises he accounts but a kind of
+mannerly words, and in the expectation of your manners not to exact them:
+if you do, he wonders at your ill breeding, that cannot distinguish
+betwixt what is spoken and what is meant. No man gives better
+satisfaction at the first, and comes off more with the elogy of a kind
+gentleman, till you know him better, and then you know him for nothing.
+And commonly those most rail at him, that have before most commended him.
+The best is, he cozens you in a fair manner, and abuses you with great
+respect.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[84]
+
+    Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum:
+    Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago,
+    Par leuibus ventis, volucrique simillima somno.
+
+_Virgil_ AEn. vi. _v._ 700. edit. Heyne, 1787.
+
+
+
+
+LXIII.
+
+A POOR FIDDLER
+
+
+Is a man and a fiddle out of case, and he in worse case than his fiddle.
+One that rubs two sticks together (as the Indians strike fire), and rubs a
+poor living out of it; partly from this, and partly from your charity,
+which is more in the hearing than giving him, for he sells nothing dearer
+than to be gone. He is just so many strings above a beggar, though he have
+but two; and yet he begs too, only not in the downright 'for God's sake,'
+but with a shrugging 'God bless you,' and his face is more pined than the
+blind man's. Hunger is the greatest pain he takes, except a broken head
+sometimes, and the labouring John Dory.[85] Otherwise his life is so many
+fits of mirth, and tis some mirth to see him. A good feast shall draw him
+five miles by the nose, and you shall track him again by the scent. His
+other pilgrimages are fairs and good houses, where his devotion is great
+to the Christmas; and no man loves good times better. He is in league with
+the tapsters for the worshipful of the inn, whom, he torments next morning
+with his art, and has their names more perfect than their men. A new song
+is better to him than a new jacket, especially if bawdy, which he calls
+merry; and hates naturally the puritan, as an enemy to this mirth. A
+country wedding and Whitson-ale are the two main places he domineers in,
+where he goes for a musician, and overlooks the bag-pipe. The rest of him
+is drunk, and in the stocks.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[85] Probably the name of some difficult tune.
+
+
+
+
+LXIV.
+
+A MEDDLING MAN
+
+
+Is one that has nothing to do with his business, and yet no man busier
+than he, and his business is most in his face. He is one thrusts himself
+violently into all employments, unsent for, unfeed, and many times
+unthanked; and his part in it is only an eager bustling, that rather keeps
+ado than does any thing. He will take you aside, and question you of your
+affair, and listen with both ears, and look earnestly, and then it is
+nothing so much yours as his. He snatches what you are doing out of your
+hands, and cries "give it me," and does it worse, and lays an engagement
+upon you too, and you must thank him for his pains. He lays you down an
+hundred wild plots, all impossible things, which you must be ruled by
+perforce, and he delivers them with a serious and counselling forehead;
+and there is a great deal more wisdom in this forehead than his head. He
+will woo for you, solicit for you, and woo you to suffer him; and scarce
+any thing done, wherein his letter, or his journey, or at least himself is
+not seen; if he have no task in it else, he will rail yet on some side,
+and is often beaten when he need not. Such men never thoroughly weigh any
+business, but are forward only to shew their zeal, when many times this
+forwardness spoils it, and then they cry they have done what they can,
+that is, as much hurt. Wise men still deprecate these men's kindnesses,
+and are beholden to them rather to let them alone; as being one trouble
+more in all business, and which a man shall be hardest rid of.
+
+
+
+
+LXV.
+
+A GOOD OLD MAN
+
+
+Is the best antiquity, and which we may with least vanity admire. One whom
+time hath been thus long a working, and like winter fruit, ripened when
+others are shaken down. He hath taken out as many lessons of the world as
+days, and learnt the best thing in it; the vanity of it. He looks over his
+former life as a danger well past, and would not hazard himself to begin
+again. His lust was long broken before his body, yet he is glad this
+temptation is broke too, and that he is fortified from it by this
+weakness. The next door of death sads him not, but he expects it calmly as
+his turn in nature; and fears more his recoiling back to childishness than
+dust. All men look on him as a common father, and on old age, for his
+sake, as a reverent thing. His very presence and face puts vice out of
+countenance, and makes it an indecorum in a vicious man. He practises his
+experience on youth without the harshness of reproof, and in his counsel
+his good company. He has some old stories still of his own seeing to
+confirm what he says, and makes them better in the telling; yet is not
+troublesome neither with the same tale again, but remembers with them how
+oft he has told them. His old sayings and morals seem proper to his beard;
+and the poetry of Cato does well out of his mouth, and he speaks it as if
+he were the author. He is not apt to put the boy on a younger man, nor the
+fool on a boy, but can distinguish gravity from a sour look; and the less
+testy he is, the more regarded. You must pardon him if he like his own
+times better than these, because those things are follies to him now that
+were wisdom then; yet he makes us of that opinion too when we see him, and
+conjecture those times by so good a relick. He is a man capable of a
+dearness with the youngest men, yet he not youthfuller for them, but they
+older for him; and no man credits more his acquaintance. He goes away at
+last too soon whensoever, with all men's sorrow but his own; and his
+memory is fresh, when it is twice as old.
+
+
+
+
+LXVI.
+
+A FLATTERER
+
+
+Is the picture of a friend, and as pictures flatter many times, so he oft
+shews fairer than the true substance: his look, conversation, company, and
+all the outwardness of friendship more pleasing by odds, for a true friend
+dare take the liberty to be sometimes offensive, whereas he is a great
+deal more cowardly, and will not let the least hold go, for fear of losing
+you. Your meer sour look affrights him, and makes him doubt his
+casheering. And this is one sure mark of him, that he is never first
+angry, but ready though upon his own wrong to make satisfaction. Therefore
+he is never yoked with a poor man, or any that stands on the lower
+ground, but whose fortunes may tempt his pains to deceive him. Him he
+learns first, and learns well, and grows perfecter in his humours than
+himself, and by this door enters upon his soul, of which he is able at
+last to take the very print and mark, and fashion his own by it, like a
+false key to open all your secrets. All his affections jump[86] even with
+your's; he is before-hand with your thoughts, and able to suggest them
+unto you. He will commend to you first what he knows you like, and has
+always some absurd story or other of your enemy, and then wonders how your
+two opinions should jump in that man. He will ask your counsel sometimes
+as a man of deep judgment, and has a secret of purpose to disclose to you,
+and whatsoever you say, is persuaded. He listens to your words with great
+attention, and sometimes will object that you may confute him, and then
+protests he never heard so much before. A piece of wit bursts him with an
+overflowing laughter, and he remembers it for you to all companies, and
+laughs again in the telling. He is one never chides you but for your
+vertues, as, _you are too good, too honest, too religious_, when his
+chiding may seem but the earnester commendation, and yet would fain chide
+you out of them too; for your vice is the thing he has use of, and wherein
+you may best use him; and he is never more active than in the worst
+diligences. Thus, at last, he possesses you from yourself, and then
+expects but his hire to betray you: and it is a happiness not to discover
+him; for as long as you are happy, you shall not.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[86] _Jump_ here signifies to coincide. The old play of _Soliman and
+Perseda_, 4to. _without date_, uses it in the same sense:
+
+"Wert thou my friend, thy mind would _jump_ with mine." So in _Pierce
+Penilesse his Supplication to the Divele_:--"Not two of them jump in one
+tale." p. 29.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+LXVII.
+
+A HIGH-SPIRITED MAN
+
+
+Is one that looks like a proud man, but is not: you may forgive him his
+looks for his worth's sake, for they are only too proud to be base. One
+whom no rate can buy off from the least piece of his freedom, and make him
+digest an unworthy thought an hour. He cannot crouch to a great man to
+possess him, nor fall low to the earth to rebound never so high again. He
+stands taller on his own bottom, than others on the advantage ground of
+fortune, as having solidly that honour, of which title is but the pomp. He
+does homage to no man for his great stile's sake, but is strictly just in
+the exaction of respect again, and will not bate you a complement. He is
+more sensible of a neglect than an undoing, and scorns no man so much as
+his surly threatener. A man quickly fired, and quickly laid down with
+satisfaction, but remits any injury sooner than words: only to himself he
+is irreconcileable, whom he never forgives a disgrace, but is still
+stabbing himself with the thought of it, and no disease that he dies of
+sooner. He is one had rather perish than be beholden for his life, and
+strives more to be quit with his friend than his enemy. Fortune may kill
+him but not deject him, nor make him fall into an humbler key than before,
+but he is now loftier than ever in his own defence; you shall hear him
+talk still after thousands, and he becomes it better than those that have
+it. One that is above the world and its drudgery, and cannot pull down his
+thoughts to the pelting businesses of life. He would sooner accept the
+gallows than a mean trade, or any thing that might disparage the height of
+man in him, and yet thinks no death comparably base to hanging neither.
+One that will do nothing upon command, though he would do it otherwise;
+and if ever he do evil, it is when he is dared to it. He is one that if
+fortune equal his worth puts a luster in all preferment; but if otherwise
+he be too much crossed, turns desperately melancholy, and scorns mankind.
+
+
+
+
+LXVIII.
+
+A MEER GULL CITIZEN
+
+
+Is one much about the same model and pitch of brain that the clown is,
+only of somewhat a more polite and finical ignorance, and as sillily
+scorns him as he is sillily admired by him. The quality of the city hath
+afforded him some better dress of clothes and language, which he uses to
+the best advantage, and is so much the more ridiculous. His chief
+education is the visits of his shop, where if courtiers and fine ladies
+resort, he is infected with so much more eloquence, and if he catch one
+word extraordinary, wears it for ever. You shall hear him mince a
+complement sometimes that was never made for him; and no man pays dearer
+for good words,--for he is oft paid with them. He is suited rather fine
+than in the fashion, and has still something to distinguish him from a
+gentleman, though his doublet cost more; especially on Sundays,
+bridegroom-like, where he carries the state of a very solemn man, and
+keeps his pew as his shop; and it is a great part of his devotion to feast
+the minister. But his chiefest guest is a customer, which is the greatest
+relation he acknowledges, especially if you be an honest gentleman, that
+is trust him to cozen you enough. His friendships are a kind of gossipping
+friendships, and those commonly within the circle of his trade, wherein he
+is careful principally to avoid two things, that is poor men and
+suretiships. He is a man will spend his six-pence with a great deal of
+imputation,[87] and no man makes more of a pint of wine than he. He is one
+bears a pretty kind of foolish love to scholars, and to Cambridge
+especially for Sturbridge[88] fair's sake; and of these all are truants
+to him that are not preachers, and of these the loudest the best; and he
+is much ravished with the noise of a rolling tongue. He loves to hear
+discourses out of his element, and the less he understands the better
+pleased, which he expresses in a smile and some fond protestation. One
+that does nothing without his chuck[89], that is his wife, with whom he is
+billing still in conspiracy, and the wantoner she is, the more power she
+has over him; and she never stoops so low after him, but is the only woman
+goes better of a widow than a maid. In the education of his child no man
+fearfuller, and the danger he fears is a harsh school-master, to whom he
+is alledging still the weakness of the boy, and pays a fine extraordinary
+for his mercy. The first whipping rids him to the university, and from
+thence rids him again for fear of starving, and the best he makes of him
+is some gull in plush. He is one loves to hear the famous acts of
+citizens, whereof the gilding of the cross[90] he counts the glory of this
+age, and the four[91] prentices of London above all the nine[92]
+worthies. He intitles himself to all the merits of his company, whether
+schools, hospitals, or exhibitions, in which he is joint benefactor,
+though four hundred years ago, and upbraids them far more than those that
+gave them: yet with all this folly he has wit enough to get wealth, and
+in that a sufficienter man than he that is wiser.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[87] _Imputation_ here must be used for _consequence_; of which I am,
+however, unable to produce any other instance.
+
+[88] _Sturbridge fair_ was the great mart for business, and resort for
+pleasure, in bishop Earle's day. It is alluded to in Randolph's _Conceited
+Pedlar_, 4to. 1630.
+
+    "I am a pedlar, and I sell my ware
+    This braue Saint Barthol. or _Sturbridge faire_."
+
+
+Edward Ward, the facetious author of _The London Spy_, gives a whimsical
+account of a journey to _Sturbridge_, in the second volume of his works.
+
+[89] This silly term of endearment appears to be derived from _chick_, or
+_my chicken_. Shakspeare uses it in Macbeth, Act iii. Scene 2.
+
+    "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest _chuck_."
+
+
+
+[90] The great cross in West Cheap, was originally erected in 1290, by
+Edward I. in commemoration of the death of queen Ellinor, whose body
+rested at that place, on its journey from Herdeby, in Lincolnshire, to
+Westminster, for interment. It was rebuilt in 1441, and again in 1484. In
+1581, the images and ornaments were destroyed by the populace; and in
+1599, the top of the cross was taken down, the timber being rotted within
+the lead, and fears being entertained as to its safety. By order of queen
+Elizabeth, and her privy council, it was repaired in 1600, when, says
+Stow, "a cross of timber was framed, set up, covered with lead, _and
+gilded_," &c. Stow's _Survey of London_, by Strype, book iii. p. 35. Edit,
+folio, Lond. 1720.
+
+[91] This must allude to the play written by Heywood with the following
+title: _The Foure Prentises of London. With the Conquest of Ierusalem. As
+it hath bene diuerse times acted at the Red Bull, by the Queene's
+Maiesties Seruants._ 4to. Lond. 1615. In this drama, the _four prentises_
+are Godfrey, Grey, Charles, and Eustace, sons to the _old Earle of
+Bullen_, who, having lost his territories, by assisting William the
+Conqueror in his descent upon England, is compelled to live like a private
+citizen in London, and binds his sons to a mercer, a goldsmith, a
+haberdasher, and a grocer. The _four prentises_, however, prefer the life
+of a soldier to that of a tradesman, and, quitting the service of their
+masters, follow Robert of Normandy to the holy land, where they perform
+the most astonishing feats of valour, and finally accomplish the _conquest
+of Ierusalem_. The whole play abounds in bombast and impossibilities, and,
+as a composition, is unworthy of notice or remembrance.
+
+[92] _The History of the Nine Worthies of the World; three whereof were
+Gentiles: 1. Hector, son of Priamus, king of Troy. 2. Alexander the Great,
+king of Macedon, and conqueror of the world. 3. Julius Caesar, first
+emperor of Rome. Three Jews. 4. Joshua, captain general and leader of
+Israel into Canaan. 5. David, king of Israel. 6. Judas Maccabeus, a
+valiant Jewish commander against the tyranny of Antiochus. Three
+Christians. 7. Arthur, king of Britain, who courageously defended his
+country against the Saxons. 8. Charles the Great, king of France and
+emperor of Germany. 9. Godfrey of Bullen, king of Jerusalem. Being an
+account of their glorious lives, worthy actions, renowned victories, and
+deaths._ 12mo. No date.
+
+
+
+
+LXIX.
+
+A LASCIVIOUS MAN
+
+
+Is the servant he says of many mistresses, but all are but his lust, to
+which only he is faithful, and none besides, and spends his best blood and
+spirits in the service. His soul is the bawd to his body, and those that
+assist him in this nature the nearest to it. No man abuses more the name
+of love, or those whom he applies this name to; for his love is like his
+stomach to feed on what he loves, and the end of it to surfeit and loath,
+till a fresh appetite rekindle him; and it kindles on any sooner than who
+deserve best of him. There is a great deal of malignity in this vice, for
+it loves still to spoil the best things, and a virgin sometimes rather
+than beauty, because the undoing here is greater, and consequently his
+glory. No man laughs more at his sin than he, or is so extremely tickled
+with the remembrance of it; and he is more violence to a modest ear than
+to her he defloured. A bawdy jest enters deep into him, and whatsoever you
+speak he will draw to baudry, and his wit is never so good as here. His
+unchastest part is his tongue, for that commits always what he must act
+seldomer; and that commits with all which he acts with few; for he is his
+own worst reporter, and men believe as bad of him, and yet do not believe
+him. Nothing harder to his persuasion than a chaste man, no eunuch; and
+makes a scoffing miracle at it, if you tell him of a maid. And from this
+mistrust it is that such men fear marriage, or at least marry such as are
+of bodies to be trusted, to whom only they sell that lust which they buy
+of others, and make their wife a revenue to their mistress. They are men
+not easily reformed, because they are so little ill-persuaded of their
+illness, and have such pleas from man and nature. Besides it is a jeering
+and flouting vice, and apt to put jests on the reprover. The pox only
+converts them, and that only when it kills them.
+
+
+
+
+LXX.
+
+A RASH MAN
+
+
+Is a man too quick for himself; one whose actions put a leg still before
+his judgement, and out-run it. Every hot fancy or passion is the signal
+that sets him forward, and his reason comes still in the rear. One that
+has brain enough, but not patience to digest a business, and stay the
+leisure of a second thought. All deliberation is to him a kind of sloth
+and freezing of action, and it shall burn him rather than take cold. He is
+always resolved at first thinking, and the ground he goes upon is, _hap
+what may_. Thus he enters not, but throws himself violently upon all
+things, and for the most part is as violently upon all off again; and as
+an obstinate "_I will_" was the preface to his undertaking, so his
+conclusion is commonly "_I would I had not_;" for such men seldom do any
+thing that they are not forced to take in pieces again, and are so much
+farther off from doing it, as they have done already. His friends are with
+him as his physician, sought to only in his sickness and extremity, and to
+help him out of that mire he has plunged himself into; for in the
+suddenness of his passions he would hear nothing, and now his ill success
+has allayed him he hears too late. He is a man still swayed with the first
+reports, and no man more in the power of a pick-thank than he. He is one
+will fight first, and then expostulate, condemn first, and then examine.
+He loses his friend in a fit of quarrelling, and in a fit of kindness
+undoes himself; and then curses the occasion drew this mischief upon him,
+and cries, God mercy! for it, and curses again. His repentance is meerly a
+rage against himself, and he does something in itself to be repented
+again. He is a man whom fortune must go against much to make him happy,
+for had he been suffered his own way, he had been undone.
+
+
+
+
+LXXI.
+
+AN AFFECTED MAN
+
+
+Is an extraordinary man in ordinary things. One that would go a strain
+beyond himself, and is taken in it. A man that overdoes all things with
+great solemnity of circumstance; and whereas with more negligence he might
+pass better, makes himself with a great deal of endeavour ridiculous. The
+fancy of some odd quaintnesses have put him clean beside his nature; he
+cannot be that he would, and hath lost what he was. He is one must be
+point-blank in every trifle, as if his credit and opinion hung upon it;
+the very space of his arms in an embrace studied before and premeditated,
+and the figure of his countenance of a fortnight's contriving; he will not
+curse you without-book and extempore, but in some choice way, and perhaps
+as some great man curses. Every action of his cries,--"_Do ye mark me?_"
+and men do mark him how absurd he is: for affectation is the most
+betraying humour, and nothing that puzzles a man less to find out than
+this. All the actions of his life are like so many things bodged in
+without any natural cadence or connection at all. You shall track him all
+through like a schoolboy's theme, one piece from one author and this from
+another, and join all in this general, that they are none of his own. You
+shall observe his mouth not made for that tone, nor his face for that
+simper; and it is his luck that his finest things most misbecome him. If
+he affect the gentleman as the humour most commonly lies that way, not the
+least punctilio of a fine man, but he is strict in to a hair, even to
+their very negligences, which he cons as rules. He will not carry a knife
+with him to wound reputation, and pay double a reckoning, rather than
+ignobly question it: and he is full of this--ignobly--and nobly--and
+genteely;--and this meer fear to trespass against the genteel way puts him
+out most of all. It is a humour runs through many things besides, but is
+an ill-favoured ostentation in all, and thrives not:--and the best use of
+such men is, they are good parts in a play.
+
+
+
+
+LXXI.
+
+A PROFANE MAN
+
+
+Is one that denies God as far as the law gives him leave; that is, only
+does not say so in downright terms, for so far he may go. A man that does
+the greatest sins calmly, and as the ordinary actions of life, and as
+calmly discourses of it again. He will tell you his business is to break
+such a commandment, and the breaking of the commandment shall tempt him to
+it. His words are but so many vomitings cast up to the loathsomeness of
+the hearers, only those of his company[93] loath it not. He will take upon
+him with oaths to pelt some tenderer man out of his company, and makes
+good sport at his conquest over the puritan fool. The scripture supplies
+him for jests, and he reads it on purpose to be thus merry: he will prove
+you his sin out of the bible, and then ask if you will not take that
+authority. He never sees the church but of purpose to sleep in it, or when
+some silly man preaches, with whom he means to make sport, and is most
+jocund in the church. One that nick-names clergymen with all the terms of
+reproach, as "_rat_, _black-coat_" and the like; which he will be sure to
+keep up, and never calls them by other: that sings psalms when he is
+drunk, and cries "_God mercy_" in mockery, for he must do it. He is one
+seems to dare God in all his actions, but indeed would out-dare the
+opinion of him, which would else turn him desperate; for atheism is the
+refuge of such sinners, whose repentance would be only to hang
+themselves.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[93] Those of the same habits with himself; his associates.
+
+
+
+
+LXXIII.
+
+A COWARD
+
+
+Is the man that is commonly most fierce against the coward, and labouring
+to take off this suspicion from himself; for the opinion of valour is a
+good protection to those that dare not use it. No man is valianter than he
+is in civil company, and where he thinks no danger may come on it, and is
+the readiest man to fall upon a drawer and those that must not strike
+again: wonderful exceptious and cholerick where he sees men are loth to
+give him occasion, and you cannot pacify him better than by quarrelling
+with him. The hotter you grow, the more temperate man is he; he protests
+he always honoured you, and the more you rail upon him, the more he
+honours you, and you threaten him at last into a very honest quiet man.
+The sight of a sword wounds him more sensibly than the stroke, for before
+that come he is dead already. Every man is his master that dare beat him,
+and every man dares that knows him. And he that dare do this is the only
+man can do much with him; for his friend he cares not for, as a man that
+carries no such terror as his enemy, which for this cause only is more
+potent with him of the two: and men fall out with him of purpose to get
+courtesies from him, and be bribed again to a reconcilement. A man in whom
+no secret can be bound up, for the apprehension of each danger loosens
+him, and makes him bewray both the room and it. He is a christian meerly
+for fear of hell-fire; and if any religion could fright him more, would be
+of that.
+
+
+
+
+LXXIV.
+
+A SORDID RICH MAN
+
+
+Is a beggar of a fair estate, of whose wealth we may say as of other men's
+unthriftiness, that it has brought him to this: when he had nothing he
+lived in another kind of fashion. He is a man whom men hate in his own
+behalf for using himself thus, and yet, being upon himself, it is but
+justice, for he deserves it. Every accession of a fresh heap bates him so
+much of his allowance, and brings him a degree nearer starving. His body
+had been long since desperate, but for the reparation of other men's
+tables, where he hoards meats in his belly for a month, to maintain him in
+hunger so long. His clothes were never young in our memory; you might make
+long epochas from them, and put them into the almanack with the dear
+year[94] and the great frost,[95] and he is known by them longer than his
+face. He is one never gave alms in his life, and yet is as charitable to
+his neighbour as himself. He will redeem a penny with his reputation, and
+lose all his friends to boot; and his reason is, he will not be undone. He
+never pays any thing but with strictness of law, for fear of which only he
+steals not. He loves to pay short a shilling or two in a great sum, and is
+glad to gain that when he can no more. He never sees friend but in a
+journey to save the charges of an inn, and then only is not sick; and his
+friends never see him but to abuse him. He is a fellow indeed of a kind of
+frantick thrift, and one of the strangest things that wealth can work.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[94] The _dear year_ here, I believe, alluded to, was in 1574, and is thus
+described by that faithful and valuable historian Holinshed:--"This yeare,
+about Lammas, wheat was sold at London for three shillings the bushell:
+but shortlie after, it was raised to foure shillings, fiue shillings, six
+shillings, and, before Christmas, to a noble, and seuen shillings; which
+so continued long after. Beefe was sold for twentie pence, and two and
+twentie pence the stone; and all other flesh and white meats at an
+excessiue price; all kind of salt fish verie deare, as fiue herings two
+pence, &c.; yet great plentie of fresh fish, and oft times the same verie
+cheape. Pease at foure shillings the bushell; ote-meale at foure shillings
+eight pence; baie salt at three shillings the bushell, &c. All this dearth
+notwithstanding, (thanks be given to God,) there was no want of anie thing
+to them that wanted not monie." Holinshed, _Chronicle_, vol. 3, page 1259,
+a. edit. folio, 1587.
+
+[95] On the 21st of December, 1564, began a frost referred to by Fleming,
+in his Index to _Holinshed_, as the "_frost called the great frost_,"
+which lasted till the 3rd of January, 1565. It was so severe that the
+Thames was frozen over, and the passage on it, from London-bridge to
+Westminster, as easy as, and more frequented than that on dry land.
+
+
+
+
+LXXV.
+
+A MEER GREAT MAN
+
+
+Is so much heraldry without honour, himself less real than his title. His
+virtue is, that he was his father's son, and all the expectation of him to
+beget another. A man that lives meerly to preserve another's memory, and
+let us know who died so many years ago. One of just as much use as his
+images, only he differs in this, that he can speak himself, and save the
+fellow of Westminster[96] a labour: and he remembers nothing better than
+what was out of his life. His grandfathers and their acts are his
+discourse, and he tells them with more glory than they did them; and it is
+well they did enough, or else he had wanted matter. His other studies are
+his sports and those vices that are fit for great men. Every vanity of his
+has his officer, and is a serious employment for his servants. He talks
+loud, and baudily, and scurvily as a part of state, and they hear him
+with reverence. All good qualities are below him, and especially learning,
+except some parcels of the chronicle and the writing of his name, which he
+learns to write not to be read. He is meerly of his servants' faction, and
+their instrument for their friends and enemies, and is always least
+thanked for his own courtesies. They that fool him most do most with him,
+and he little thinks how many laugh at him bare-head. No man is kept in
+ignorance more of himself and men, for he hears nought but flattery; and
+what is fit to be spoken, truth with so much preface that it loses itself.
+Thus he lives till his tomb be made ready, and is then a grave statue to
+posterity.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[96] The person who exhibits Westminster abbey.
+
+
+
+
+LXXVI.
+
+A POOR MAN
+
+
+Is the most impotent man, though neither blind nor lame, as wanting the
+more necessary limbs of life, without which limbs are a burden. A man
+unfenced and unsheltered from the gusts of the world, which blow all in
+upon him, like an unroofed house; and the bitterest thing he suffers is
+his neighbours. All men put on to him a kind of churlisher fashion, and
+even more plausible natures are churlish to him, as who are nothing
+advantaged by his opinion. Whom men fall out with before-hand to prevent
+friendship, and his friends too to prevent engagements, or if they own him
+'tis in private and a by-room, and on condition not to know them before
+company. All vice put together is not half so scandalous, nor sets off our
+acquaintance farther; and even those that are not friends for ends do not
+love any dearness with such men. The least courtesies are upbraided to
+him, and himself thanked for none, but his best services suspected as
+handsome sharking and tricks to get money. And we shall observe it in
+knaves themselves, that your beggarliest knaves are the greatest, or
+thought so at least, for those that have wit to thrive by it have art not
+to seem so. Now a poor man has not vizard enough to mask his vices, nor
+ornament enough to set forth his virtues, but both are naked and
+unhandsome; and though no man is necessitated to more ill, yet no man's
+ill is less excused, but it is thought a kind of impudence in him to be
+vicious, and a presumption above his fortune. His good parts lye dead upon
+his hands, for want of matter to employ them, and at the best are not
+commended but pitied, as virtues ill placed, and we may say of him, "Tis
+an honest man, but tis pity;" and yet those that call him so will trust a
+knave before him. He is a man that has the truest speculation of the
+world, because all men shew to him in their plainest and worst, as a man
+they have no plot on, by appearing good to; whereas rich men are
+entertained with a more holy-day behaviour, and see only the best we can
+dissemble. He is the only he that tries the true strength of wisdom, what
+it can do of itself without the help of fortune; that with a great deal of
+virtue conquers extremities, and with a great deal more his own
+impatience, and obtains of himself not to hate men.
+
+
+
+
+LXXVII.
+
+AN ORDINARY HONEST MAN
+
+
+Is one whom it concerns to be called honest, for if he were not this, he
+were nothing: and yet he is not this neither, but a good dull vicious
+fellow, that complies well with the deboshments[97] of the time, and is
+fit for it. One that has no good part in him to offend his company, or
+make him to be suspected a proud fellow; but is sociably a dunce, and
+sociably a drinker. That does it fair and above-board without legermain,
+and neither sharks[98] for a cup or a reckoning: that is kind over his
+beer, and protests he loves you, and begins to you again, and loves you
+again. One that quarrels with no man, but for not pledging him, but takes
+all absurdities and commits as many, and is no tell-tale next morning,
+though he remember it. One that will fight for his friend if he hear him
+abused, and his friend commonly is he that is most likely, and he lifts up
+many a jug in his defence. He rails against none but censurers, against
+whom he thinks he rails lawfully, and censurers are all those that are
+better than himself. These good properties qualify him for honesty enough,
+and raise him high in the ale-house commendation, who, if he had any other
+good quality, would be named by that. But now for refuge he is an honest
+man, and hereafter a sot: only those that commend him think him not so,
+and those that commend him are honest fellows.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[97] Minshew interprets the verb _deboshe_, "to corrupt, make lewde,
+vitiate." When the word was first adopted from the French language, (says
+Mr. Steevens, in a note to the _Tempest_,) it appears to have been spelt
+according to the pronunciation, and therefore wrongly; but ever since it
+has been spelt right, it has been uttered with equal impropriety.
+
+[98] The verb _to shark_ is frequently used, by old writers, for to
+_pilfer_, and, as in the present instance, to _spunge_.
+
+
+
+
+LXXVIII.
+
+A SUSPICIOUS OR JEALOUS MAN
+
+
+Is one that watches himself a mischief, and keeps a lear eye still, for
+fear it should escape him. A man that sees a great deal more in every
+thing than is to be seen, and yet he thinks he sees nothing: his own eye
+stands in his light. He is a fellow commonly guilty of some weaknesses,
+which he might conceal if he were careless:--now his over-diligence to
+hide them makes men pry the more. Howsoever he imagines you have found
+him, and it shall go hard but you must abuse him whether you will or no.
+Not a word can be spoke, but nips him somewhere; not a jest thrown out,
+but he will make it hit him. You shall have him go fretting out of
+company, with some twenty quarrels to every man, stung and galled, and no
+man knows less the occasion than they that have given it. To laugh before
+him is a dangerous matter, for it cannot be at any thing but at him, and
+to whisper in his company plain conspiracy. He bids you speak out, and he
+will answer you, when you thought not of him. He expostulates with you in
+passion, why you should abuse him, and explains to your ignorance wherein,
+and gives you very good reason at last to laugh at him hereafter. He is
+one still accusing others when they are not guilty, and defending himself
+when he is not accused: and no man is undone more with apologies, wherein
+he is so elaborately excessive, that none will believe him; and he is
+never thought worse of, than when he has given satisfaction. Such men can
+never have friends, because they cannot trust so far; and this humour hath
+this infection with it, it makes all men to them suspicious. In
+conclusion, they are men always in offence and vexation with themselves
+and their neighbours, wronging others in thinking they would wrong them,
+and themselves most of all in thinking they deserve it.
+
+
+END OF THE CHARACTERS.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+
+
+No. I.
+
+SOME ACCOUNT OF BISHOP EARLE[AX].
+
+
+All the biographical writers who have taken notice of JOHN EARLE agree in
+stating, that he was born in the city of York, although not one of them
+has given the exact date of his birth, or any intelligence relative to his
+family, or the rank in life of his parents. It is, however, most
+probable, that they were persons of respectability and fortune, as he was
+sent, at an early age, to Oxford, and entered as a commoner of
+Christ-church college[AY], where his conduct was so exemplary, his
+attention to his studies so marked, and his general deportment and manners
+so pleasing, that he became a successful candidate at Merton-college, and
+was admitted a probationary fellow on that foundation in 1620, being then,
+according to Wood[AZ], about nineteen years of age. He took the degree of
+Master of Arts, July 10, 1624, and in 1631 served the office of Proctor of
+the university, about which time he was also appointed chaplain to Philip
+Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of Oxford.
+
+During the earlier part of our author's life, he appears to have possessed
+considerable reputation as a poet, and to have been as remarkable for the
+pleasantry of his conversation, as for his learning, virtues, and piety.
+Wood[BA] tells us that "his younger years were adorned with oratory,
+poetry, and witty fancies, his elder with quaint preaching and subtile
+disputes." The only specimens of his poetry which can be recovered at this
+time, are three funeral tributes, which will be found in the Appendix, and
+of which two are now printed, I believe, for the first time.
+
+Soon after his appointment to be Lord Pembroke's chaplain, he was
+presented by that nobleman to the rectory of Bishopstone, in Wiltshire;
+nor was this the only advantage he reaped from the friendship of his
+patron, who being at that time Lord Chamberlain of the King's
+household[BB], was entitled to a lodging in the court for his chaplain, a
+circumstance which in all probability introduced Mr. Earle to the notice
+of the King, who promoted him to be chaplain and tutor to Prince Charles,
+when Dr. Duppa, who had previously discharged that important trust, was
+raised to the bishopric of Salisbury.
+
+In 1642 Earle took his degree of Doctor in Divinity, and in the year
+following was actually elected one of the Assembly of Divines appointed by
+the parliament to new model the church. This office, although it may be
+considered a proof of the high opinion even those of different sentiments
+from himself entertained of his character and merit, he refused to accept,
+when he saw that there was no probability of assisting the cause of
+religion, or of restraining the violence of a misguided faction, by an
+interference among those who were "declared and avowed enemies to the
+doctrine and discipline of the Church of England; some of them infamous in
+their lives and conversations, and most of them of very mean parts in
+learning, if not of scandalous ignorance[BC]."
+
+On the 10th of February, 1643, Dr. Earle was elected chancellor of the
+cathedral of Salisbury[BD], of which situation, as well as his living of
+Bishopstone, he was shortly after deprived by the ill success of the royal
+cause[BE].
+
+When the defeat of the King's forces at Worcester compelled Charles the
+Second to fly his country, Earle attached himself to the fallen fortunes
+of his sovereign, and was among the first of those who saluted him upon
+his arrival at Rouen in Normandy, where he was made clerk of the closet,
+and King's chaplain[BF]. Nor was his affection to the family of the
+Stuarts, and his devotion to their cause evinced by personal services
+only, as we find by a letter from Lord Clarendon to Dr. Barwick, that he
+assisted the King with money in his necessities[BG].
+
+During the time that Charles was in Scotland, Dr. Earle resided in
+Antwerp, with his friend Dr. Morley[BH], from whence he was called upon to
+attend the Duke of York (afterwards James II.) at Paris[BI], in order that
+he might heal some of the breaches which were then existing between
+certain members of the duke's household[BJ]; and here it is probable he
+remained till the recal of Charles the Second to the throne of England.
+
+Upon the Restoration, Dr. Earle received the reward of his constancy and
+loyalty, he was immediately promoted to the deanery of Westminster, a
+situation long designed for him by the King[BK]. In 1661 he was appointed
+one of the commissioners for a review of the Liturgy[BL], and on November
+30, 1662, was consecrated Bishop of Worcester, from which see he was
+translated, September 28, 1663, to the dignity of Salisbury[BM].
+
+Little more remains to be added.--Bishop Earle appears to have continued
+his residence with the royal family after the acquisition of his
+well-deserved honours; and when the court retired to Oxford, during the
+plague in 1665, he attended their majesties to the place of his early
+education, and died at his apartments in University College, on the 17th
+of November. He was buried on the 25th, near the high altar, in Merton
+College chapel; and was, according to Wood, "accompanied to his grave,
+from the public schools, by an herald at arms, and the principal persons
+of the court and university." His monument, which stands at the
+north-east corner of the chapel, is still in excellent preservation, and
+possesses the following inscription:--
+
+              "Amice, si quis hic sepultus est roges,
+    Ille, qui nec meruit, unqua--Nec quod majus est, habuit
+                            Inimicum;
+          Qui potuit in aula vivere, et mundum spernere
+              Concionator educatus inter principes,
+            Et ipse facile princeps inter concionatores,
+      Evangelista indefessus, Episcopus pientissimus;
+              Ille qui una cum sacratissimo Rege,
+    Cujus & juvenilium studiorum, et animae Deo charae
+      Curam a beatissimo Patre demandatam gessit,
+        Nobile ac Religiosum exilium est passus;
+      Ille qui Hookeri ingentis Politiam Ecclesiasticam,
+    Ille qui Caroli Martyris [Greek: EIKO'NA BASILIKE'N],
+          (Volumen quo post Apocalypsin divinius nullum)
+                    Legavit Orbi sic Latine redditas,
+                    Ut uterque unius Fidei Defensor,
+                  Patriam adhuc retineat majestatem.
+            Si nomen ejus necdum tibi suboleat, Lector,
+                  Nomen ejus ut unguenta pretiosa:
+                  JOHANNES EARLE Eboracensis,
+            Serenissimo Carolo 2^{do} Regij Oratorij Clericus,
+              {aliquando Westmonasteriensi, Decanus,
+    Ecclesiae {deinde Wigorniensis}
+              {tandem Sarisburiensis} Angelus.
+              {et nunc triumphantis}
+      Obiit Oxonij Novemb. 17^o. Anno {D[=o]ni: 1665^{to}.
+                                      {AEtatis suae 65^{to}.
+        Voluitq. in hoc, ubi olim floruerat, Collegio,
+          Ex AEde Christi hue in Socium ascitus,
+          Ver magnum, ut reflorescat, expectare."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[AX] The following brief memoir pretends to be nothing more than an
+enumeration of such particulars relative to the excellent prelate, whose
+_Characters_ are here offered to the public, as could be gathered from the
+historical and biographical productions of the period in which he
+flourished. It is hoped that no material occurrence has been overlooked,
+or circumstance mis-stated; but should any errors appear to have escaped
+his observation, the editor will feel obliged by the friendly intimation
+of such persons as may be possessed of more copious information than he
+has been able to obtain, in order that they may be acknowledged and
+corrected in another place.
+
+[AY] He took the degree of Bachelor of Arts whilst a member of this
+society, July 8, 1619, and appears to have been always attached to it. In
+1660 he gave twenty pounds towards repairing the cathedral and college.
+
+_Wood. Hist. et Antiq. Univ. Oxon._ lib. ii. p. 284.
+
+[AZ] _Athenae Oxon._ ii. 365.
+
+[BA] _Athenae Oxon._ ii. 365.
+
+[BB] Collins' _Peerage_, iii. 123.
+
+[BC] Clarendon. _History of the Rebellion_, ii. 827. Edit. _Oxford_, 1807.
+
+[BD] Walker. _Sufferings of the Clergy_, fol. 1714, part ii. page 63.
+
+[BE] During the early part of the civil wars, and whilst success was
+doubtful on either side, he appears to have lived in retirement, and to
+have employed himself in a translation of Hooker's _Ecclesiastical Polity_
+into Latin, which, however, was never made public. At the appearance of
+Charles the First's [Greek: Eikon Basilike], he was desired by the king
+(Ch. II.) to execute the same task upon that production, which he
+performed with great ability. It was printed for distribution on the
+continent in 1649.
+
+[BF] Wood. _Ath. Oxon._ ii. 365.
+
+[BG] _Life of Dr. John Barwick_, 8vo. Lond. 1724. p. 522.
+
+[BH] Dr. George Morley was chaplain to Charles the First, and canon of
+Christ Church, Oxford. At the Restoration he was made, first dean of
+Christ Church, then bishop of Worcester, and lastly bishop of Winchester,
+He died at Farnham-castle, October 29, 1684. See Wood. _Athen. Oxon._ ii.
+581.
+
+[BI] Wood. _Athenae_, ii. 770.
+
+[BJ] Clarendon's _Rebellion_, iii. 659.
+
+[BK] _Life of Barwick_, 452.
+
+[BL] Kennet's _Register_, folio, 1728, page 504.
+
+[BM] Wood. _Athenae_, ii. 366.
+
+
+
+
+No. II.
+
+CHARACTERS OF BISHOP EARLE.
+
+
+----"He was a person very notable for his elegance in the Greek and Latin
+tongues; and being fellow of Merton college in Oxford, and having been
+proctor of the university, and some very witty and sharp discourses being
+published in print without his consent, though known to be his, he grew
+suddenly into a very general esteem with all men; being a man of great
+piety and devotion; a most eloquent and powerful preacher; and of a
+conversation so pleasant and delightful, so very innocent, and so very
+facetious, that no man's company was more desired, and more loved. No man
+was more negligent in his dress, and habit, and mein; no man more wary and
+cultivated in his behaviour and discourse; insomuch as he had the greater
+advantage when he was known, by promising so little before he was known.
+He was an excellent poet both in Latin, Greek, and English, as appears by
+many pieces yet abroad; though he suppressed many more himself, especially
+of English, incomparably good, out of an austerity to those sallies of his
+youth. He was very dear to the Lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much
+time as he could make his own; and as that lord would impute the speedy
+progress he made in the Greek tongue to the information and assistance he
+had from Mr. Earles, so Mr. Earles would frequently profess that he had
+got more useful learning by his conversation at Tew (the Lord Falkland's
+house,) than he had at Oxford. In the first settling of the prince his
+family, he was made one of his chaplains, and attended on him when he was
+forced to leave the kingdom. He was amongst the few excellent men who
+never had, nor ever could have, an enemy, but such a one who was an enemy
+to all learning and virtue, and therefore would never make himself known."
+
+LORD CLARENDON. _Account of his own Life_, folio, Oxford, 1759, p. 26.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"This is that Dr. Earle, who from his youth (I had almost said from
+his childhood,) for his natural and acquired abilities was so very eminent
+in the university of Oxon; and after was chosen to be one of the first
+chaplains to his Majesty (when Prince of Wales): who knew not how to
+desert his master, but with duty and loyalty (suitable to the rest of his
+many great virtues, both moral and intellectual,) faithfully attended his
+Majesty both at home and abroad, as chaplain, and clerk of his majesty's
+closet, and upon his majesty's happy return, was made Dean of Westminster,
+and now Lord Bishop of Worcester, (for which, December 7, he did homage to
+his Majesty,) having this high and rare felicity by his excellent and
+spotless conversation, to have lived so many years in the court of
+England, so near his Majesty, and yet not given the least offence to any
+man alive; though both in and out of pulpit he used all Christian freedom
+against the vanities of this age, being honoured and admired by all who
+have either known, heard, or read him."
+
+WHITE KENNETT (Bishop of Peterborough) _Register and Chronicle
+Ecclesiastical and Civil_, folio, London, 1728, page 834.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"Dr. Earle, now Lord Bishop of Salisbury, of whom I may justly say,
+(and let it not offend him, because it is such a truth as ought not to be
+concealed from posterity, or those that now live and yet know him not,)
+that, since Mr. Hooker died, none have lived whom God hath blessed with
+more innocent wisdom, more sanctified learning, or a more pious,
+peaceable, primitive temper: so that this excellent person seems to be
+only like himself, and our venerable Richard Hooker."
+
+WALTON. _Life of Mr. Richard Hooker_, 8vo. Oxford, 1805, i. 327.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"This Dr. Earles, lately Lord Bishop of Salisbury.--A person certainly
+of the sweetest, most obliging nature that lived in our age."
+
+HUGH CRESSEY. _Epistle Apologetical to a Person of Honour_ (Lord
+Clarendon), 8vo. 1674, page 46.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+----"Dr. Earle, Bishop of Salisbury, was a man that could do good against
+evil; forgive much, and of a charitable heart."
+
+PIERCE. _Conformist's Plea for Nonconformity_, 4to. 1681, page 174.
+
+
+
+
+No. III.
+
+LIST OF DR. EARLE'S WORKS.
+
+
+1. _Microcosmography, or a Piece of the World discovered, in Essays and
+Characters. London._ 1628. &c. &c. 12mo.
+
+2. _Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity_, translated into Latin. This, says
+Wood, "is in MS. and not yet printed." In whose possession the MS. was
+does not appear, nor have I been able to trace it in the catalogue of any
+public or private collection.
+
+3. _Hortus Mertonensis_, a Latin Poem, of which Wood gives the first line
+"Hortus deliciae domus politae." It is now supposed to be lost.
+
+4. _Lines on the Death of Sir John Burroughs_; now printed for the first
+time. See Appendix, No. IV.
+
+5. _Lines on the Death of the Earl of Pembroke_; now printed for the first
+time. See Appendix, No. V.
+
+6. _Elegy upon Francis Beaumont_; first printed at the end of _Beaumont's
+Poems, London_, 1640. 4to. See Appendix, No. VI.
+
+7. [Greek: Eikon Basilike], _vel Imago Regis Caroli_, _In illis suis
+AErumnis et Solitudine. Hagae-Comitis._ Typis S. B. &c. 1649. 12mo. See
+Appendix, No. VII.[BN]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BN] Besides the pieces above noticed, several smaller poems were
+undoubtedly in circulation during Earle's life, the titles of which are
+not preserved. Wood supposes (_Ath. Oxon._) our author to have contributed
+to "_some of the Figures, of which about ten were published_" but is
+ignorant of the exact numbers to be attributed to his pen. In the
+Bodleian[BO] is "_The Figvre of Fovre: Wherein are sweet flowers, gathered
+out of that fruitfull ground, that I hope will yeeld pleasure and profit
+to all sorts of people. The second Part, London, Printed for Iohn Wright,
+and are to bee sold at his shop without Newgate, at the signe of the
+Bible, 1636._" This, however, was undoubtedly one of Breton's productions,
+as his initials are affixed to the preface. It is in 12mo. and consists of
+twenty pages, not numbered. The following extracts will be sufficient to
+shew the nature of the volume.
+
+"There are foure persons not to be believed: a horse-courser when he
+sweares, a whore when shee weepes, a lawyer when he pleads false, and a
+traveller when he tels wonders.
+
+"There are foure great cyphers in the world: hee that is lame among
+dancers, dumbe among lawyers, dull among schollers and rude amongst
+courtiers
+
+"Foure things grievously empty: a head without braines, a wit without
+judgment, a heart without honesty, and a purse without money."
+
+Ant. Wood possessed the _figure of six_, which, however, is now not to be
+found among his books left to the university of Oxford, and deposited in
+Ashmole's museum. That it once was there, is evident from the MS.
+catalogue of that curious collection.
+
+[BO] 8vo. L. 78. Art.
+
+
+
+
+No. IV.
+
+LINES ON SIR JOHN BURROUGHS,
+
+KILLED BY A BULLET AT REEZ[BP].
+
+[_From a MS. in the Bodleian_.]--(_Rawl. Poet_. 142.)
+
+
+    Why did we thus expose thee? what's now all
+    That island to requite thy funeral?
+    Though thousand French in murder'd heaps do lie,
+    It may revenge, it cannot satisfy:
+    We must bewail our conquest when we see
+    Our price too dear to buy a victory.
+    He whose brave fire gave heat to all the rest,
+    That dealt his spirit in t' each English breast,
+    From whose divided virtues you may take
+    So many captains out, and fully make
+    Them each accomplish'd with those parts, the which,
+    Jointly, did his well-furnish'd soul enrich.
+    Not rashly valiant, nor yet fearful wise,
+    His flame had counsel, and his fury, eyes.
+    Not struck in courage at the drum's proud beat,
+    Or made fierce only by the trumpet's heat--
+    When e'en pale hearts above their pitch do fly,
+    And, for a while do mad it valiantly.
+    His rage was tempered well, no fear could daunt
+    His reason, his cold blood was valiant.
+    Alas! these vulgar praises injure thee;
+    Which now a poet would as plenteously
+    Give some brag-soldier, one that knew no more
+    Than the fine scabbard and the scarf he wore.
+    Fathers shall tell their children [this] was he,
+    (And they hereafter to posterity,)
+    Rank'd with those forces scourged France of old,
+    Burrough's and Talbot's[BQ] names together told.
+
+J. EARLES.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BP] For an account of the unsuccessful expedition to the Isle of Re,
+under the command of the Duke of Buckingham, see Carte's _History of
+England_, vol. iv. page 176, folio, _Lond_. 1755. Sir John Burroughs, a
+general of considerable renown, who possessed the chief confidence of the
+Duke, fell in an endeavour to reconnoitre the works of the enemy, Aug.
+1627.
+
+[BQ] Sir John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury, of whom see Collins'
+_Peerage_, iii. 9. Holinshed, Rapin, Carte, &c.
+
+
+
+
+No. V.
+
+ON THE DEATH OF THE EARL OF PEMBROKE[BR].
+
+[_From the same MS._]
+
+
+    Come, Pembroke lives! Oh! do not fright our ears
+    With the destroying truth! first raise our fears
+    And say he is not well: that will suffice
+    To force a river from the public eyes,
+    Or, if he must be dead, oh! let the news
+    Speak in astonish'd whispers: let it use
+    Some phrase without a voice, and be so told,
+    As if the labouring sense griev'd to unfold
+    Its doubtfull woe. Could not the public zeal
+    Conquer the Fates, and save your's? Did the dart
+    Of death, without a preface, pierce your heart?
+    Welcome, sad weeds--but he that mourns for thee,
+    Must bring an eye that can weep elegy.
+    A look that would save blacks: whose heavy grace
+    Chides mirth, and bears a funeral in his face.
+    Whose sighs are with such feeling sorrows blown,
+    That all the air he draws returns a groan.
+    Thou needst no gilded tomb--thy memory,
+    Is marble to itself--the bravery
+    Of jem or rich enamel is mis-spent--
+    Thy noble corpse is its own monument!
+
+Mr. EARLES, Merton.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BR] William, third Earl of Pembroke, son of Henry, Earl of Pembroke, and
+Mary, sister to Sir Philip Sidney, was the elder brother of Earle's
+patron, and Chancellor of Oxford. He died at Baynard's castle, April 10,
+1630.
+
+
+
+
+No. VI.
+
+ON MR. BEAUMONT.
+
+WRITTEN THIRTY YEARS SINCE, PRESENTLY AFTER HIS DEATH.
+
+[_From "Comedies and Tragedies written by Francis Beaumont and John
+Fletcher, Gentlemen" folio. London. 1647._]
+
+    Beaumont lies here: And where now shall we have
+    A muse like his to sigh upon his grave?
+    Ah! none to weep this with a worthy tear,
+    But he that cannot, _Beaumont_ that lies here.
+    Who now shall pay thy tomb with such a verse
+    As thou that lady's didst, fair _Rutland's_ herse.
+    A monument that will then lasting be,
+    When all her marble is more dust than she.
+    In thee all's lost: a sudden dearth and want
+    Hath seiz'd on wit, good epitaphs are scant.
+    We dare not write thy elegy, whilst each fears
+    He ne'er shall match that copy of thy tears.
+    Scarce in an age a poet, and yet he
+    Scarce live the third part of his age to see,
+    But quickly taken off and only known,
+    Is in a minute shut as soon as shown.
+    Why should weak Nature tire herself in vain
+    In such a piece, to dash it straight again?
+    Why should she take such work beyond her skill,
+    Which, when she cannot perfect, she must kill?
+    Alas! what is't to temper slime and mire?
+    But Nature's puzzled when she works in fire.
+    Great brains (like brightest glass) crack straight, while those
+    Of stone or wood hold out, and fear not blows;
+    And we their ancient hoary heads can see
+    Whose wit was never their mortality.
+    _Beaumont_ dies young, so _Sidney_ did before,
+    There was not poetry he could live to more,
+    He could not grow up higher, I scarce know
+    If th' art itself unto that pitch could grow,
+    Were't not in thee that hadst arriv'd the height
+    Of all that wit could reach, or nature might.
+    O when I read those excellent things of thine,
+    Such strength, such sweetness couched in ev'ry line,
+    Such life of fancy, such high choice of brain,
+    Nought of the vulgar wit or borrow'd strain,
+    Such passion, such expressions meet my eye,
+    Such wit untainted with obscenity,
+    And these so unaffectedly exprest,
+    All in a language purely flowing drest,
+    And all so born within thyself, thine own,
+    So new, so fresh, so nothing trod upon:
+    I grieve not now that old _Menander's_ vein
+    Is ruin'd to survive in thee again;
+    Such, in his time, was he of the same piece,
+    The smooth, even, nat'ral wit and love of Greece.
+    Those few sententious fragments shew more worth,
+    Than all the poets Athens e'er brought forth;
+    And I am sorry we have lost those hours
+    On them, whose quickness comes far short of ours,
+    And dwell not more on thee, whose ev'ry page
+    May be a pattern for their scene and stage.
+    I will not yield thy works so mean a praise;
+    More pure, more chaste, more sainted than are plays:
+    Nor with that dull supineness to be read,
+    To pass a fire, or laugh an hour in bed.
+    How do the Muses suffer every where,
+    Taken in such mouth's censure, in such ears,
+    That 'twixt a whiff, a line or two rehearse,
+    And with their rheume together spaul a verse?
+    This all a poem's leisure after play,
+    Drink, or tobacco, it may keep the day:
+    Whilst ev'n their very idleness they think
+    Is lost in these, that lose their time in drink.
+    Pity then dull we, we that better know,
+    Will a more serious hour on thee bestow.
+    Why should not _Beaumont_ in the morning please,
+    As well as _Plautus_, _Aristophanes_?
+    Who, if my pen may as my thoughts be free,
+    Were scurril wits and buffoons both to thee;
+    Yet these our learned of severest brow
+    Will deign to look on, and to note them too,
+    That will defy our own, 'tis English stuff,
+    And th' author is not rotten long enough,
+    Alas! what phlegm are they compar'd to thee,
+    In thy _Philaster_, and _Maid's-Tragedy_?
+    Where's such a humour as thy _Bessus_? pray
+    Let them put all their _Thrasoes_ in one play,
+    He shall out-bid them; their conceit was poor,
+    All in a circle of a bawd or whore;
+    A coz'ning dance; take the fool away
+    And not a good jest extant in a play.
+    Yet these are wits, because they'r old, and now
+    Being Greek and Latin, they are learning too:
+    But those their own times were content t'allow
+    A thirsty fame, and thine is lowest now.
+    But thou shalt live, and, when thy name is grown
+    Six ages older, shall be better known,
+    When th' art of _Chaucer's_ standing in the tomb,
+    Thou shalt not share, but take up all his room.
+
+JOHN EARLE.
+
+
+
+
+No. VII.
+
+DEDICATION TO THE LATIN TRANSLATION
+
+OF THE
+
+[Greek: Eikon Basilike].
+
+
+"Serenissimo et Potentissimo Monarchae, Carolo Secundo. Dei Gratia Magnae
+Britanniae, Franciae et Hiberniae Regi, Fidei Defensori, &c.
+
+Serenissime Rex,
+
+Prodeat jam sub tuis auspiciis illa patris tui gloriosissimi imago, illa
+qua magis ad Dei similitudinem, quam qua Rex aut homo accedit. Prodeat
+vero eo colore peregrino, quo facta omnibus conspectior fiat publica. Ita
+enim tu voluisti, ut sic lingua omnium communi orbi traderem, in qua
+utinam feliciorem tibi operam navare licuisset, ut illam nativam
+elegantiam, illam vim verborum et lumina, illam admirabilem sermonis
+structuram exprimerem. Quod cum fieri (fortasse nec a peritissimis) a me
+certe non possit, praestat interim ut cum aliqua venustatis injuria magnam
+partem Europae alloquatur, quam intra paucos suae gentis clausa apud caeteros
+omnes conticescat. Sunt enim hic velut quaedam Dei magnalia quae spargi
+expedit humano generi, et in omnium linguis exaudiri: id pro mea facultate
+curavi, ut si non sensa tanti authoris ornate, at perspicue et fide
+traderem, imo nec ab ipsa dictione et phrasi (quantum Latini idiomatis
+ratio permittit) vel minimum recederem. Sacri enim codicis religiosum esse
+decet interpretem: et certe proxime ab illo sacro et adorando codice, (qui
+in has comparationes non cadit,) spera non me audacem futurum, si dixero
+nullum inter caeteros mortalium, vel autore vel argumento illustriorem, vel
+in quo viva magis pietas et eximie Christiana spiratur.
+
+Habet vero sanctitas regia nescio quid ex fortunae suae majestate sublimius
+quiddain et augustius, et quae imperium magis obtinet in mentes hominum, et
+reverentia majore accipitur: quare et his maxime instrumentis usus est
+Deus, qui illam partem sacrae paginae ad solennem Dei cultum pertinentem,
+psalmos scilicet, et hymnos: caeteraque ejusmodi perpetuis ecclesiae usibus
+inservitura, transmitterent hominibus, et auctoritatem quandam
+conciliarent. Quid quod libentius etiam arripiunt homines sic objectam et
+traditam pietatem. Quod et libro huic evenit, et erit magis eventurum, quo
+jam multo diffusior plures sui capaces invenerit.
+
+Magnum erat profecto sic meditari, sic scribere; multo majus sic vivere,
+sic mori: ut sit haec pene nimia dictu pietas exemplo illius superata. Scit
+haec illa orbis pars miserrima jam et contaminatissima. Utinam hanc
+maturius intellexissent virtutem, quam jam sero laudant, et admirantur
+amissam, nec illa opus fuisset dira fornace, qua tam eximia regis pietas
+exploraretur, ex qua nos tantum miseri facti sumus, ille omnium
+felicissimus; cujus illa pars vitae novissima et aerumnosissima et supremus
+dies, (in quo hominibus, et angelis spectaculum factus stetit animo
+excelso et interrito, summum fidei, constantiae, patientiae exemplar,
+superior malis suis, et tota simul conjesta inferni malitia) omnes omnium
+triumphos et quicquid est humanae gloriae, susuperavit. Nihil egistis O
+quot estis, hominum! (sed nolo libro sanctissimo quicquam tetrius praefari,
+nec qaos ille inter preces nominat, maledicere) nihil, inquam, egistis hoc
+parricidio, nisi quod famam illius et immortalitatem cum aeterno vestro
+probro et scelere conjunxistis. Nemo unquam ab orbe condito tot veris
+omnium lacrymis, tot sinceris laudibus celebratus est. Nulli unquam
+principum in secundis agenti illos fictos plausus vel metus dedit, vel
+adulatio vendidit, quam hic verissimos expressere fuga, carcer, theatrum
+et illa omnium funestissima securis, qua obstupe, fecit hostes moriens et
+caesus triumphavit.
+
+Tu interim (Rex augustissime) vera et viva patris effigies, (cujus inter
+summas erat felicitates humanas, et in adversis solatium te genuisse, in
+quo superstite mori non potest) inflammeris maxime hoc mortis illius
+exemplo, non tam in vindictae cupidinem, (in quem alii te extimulent, non
+ego) quam in heroicae virtutis, et constantiae zelum: hanc vero primum adeas
+quam nulla vis tibi invito eripiet, haereditariam pietatem; et quo es in
+tuos omnes affectu maxime philostorgo, hunc librum eodem tecum genitore
+satum amplectere; dic sapientiae, soror mea es, et prudentiam affinem voca;
+hanc tu consule, hanc frequens meditare, hanc imbibe penitus, et in animam
+tuam transfunde. Vides in te omnium conjectos oculos, in te omnium bonorum
+spes sitas, ex te omnium vitas pendere, quas jamdiu multi taedio
+projecissent, nisi ut essent quas tibi impenderent. Magnum onus incumbit,
+magna urget procella, magna expectatio, major omnium, quam quae unquam
+superius, virtutum necessitas: an sit regnum amplius in Britannia futurum,
+an religio, an homines, an Deus, ex tua virtute, tua fortuna dependet:
+immo, sola potius ex Deo fortuna; cujus opem quo magis hic necessariam
+agnoscis, praesentaneam requiris, eo magis magisque, (quod jam facis) omni
+pietatis officio promerearis: et illa quae in te large sparsit bonitatis,
+prudentiae, temperantiae, justitiae, et omnis regiae virtutis semina foveas,
+augeas, et in fructum matures, ut tibi Deus placatus et propitius, quod
+detraxit patri tuo felicitatis humanae, tibi adjiciat, et omnes illius
+aerumnas conduplicatis in te beneficiis compenset, et appelleris ille
+restaurator, quem te unice optant omnes et sperant futurum, et
+ardentissimis precibus expetit.
+
+Majestatis tuae humillimus devotissimusque subditus et sacellanus,
+
+JO. EARLES.
+
+
+
+
+No. VIII.
+
+INSCRIPTION ON DR. PETER HEYLIN'S[BS] MONUMENT IN WESTMINSTER-ABBEY.
+
+[_Written by Dr. Earle, then Dean of Westminster._]
+
+    Depositum Mortale
+    Petri Heylyn, S. Th. D.
+    Hujus Ecclesiae Prebendarii et Subdecani,
+    Viri plane memorabilis,
+    Egregiis dotibus instructissimi,
+    Ingenio acri et foecundo,
+    Judicio subacto,
+    Memoria ad prodigium tenaci,
+    Cui adjunxit incredibilem in studiis patientiam
+    Quae cessantibus oculis non cessarunt.
+    Scripsit varia et plurima,
+    Quae jam manibus hominum teruntur;
+    Et argumentis non vulgaribus
+    Stylo non vulgari suffecit.
+    Et Majestatis Regiae assertor
+    Nec florentis magis utriusque
+    Quam afflictae,
+    Idemque perduellium et scismaticae factionis
+    Impugnator acerrimus.
+    Contemptor invidiae
+    Et animo infracto
+    Plura ejusmodi meditanti
+    Mors indixit silentium:
+    Ut sileatur
+    Efficere non potest.
+    Obiit Anno AEtatis 63, et 8 die Maii, A. D. 1662.
+    Possuit hoc illi maestissima conjux.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BS] Peter Heylin was born at Burford, in Oxfordshire, Nov. 29, 1599 and
+received the rudiments of his education at the free school in that place,
+from whence he removed to Harthall, and afterwards obtained a fellowship
+at Magdalen College, Oxford. By the interposition of Bishop Laud, to whom
+he was recommended by Lord Danvers, he was presented first to the rectory
+of Hemingford, in Huntingdonshire, then to a prebend of Westminster, and
+lastly to the rectory of Houghton in the Spring, in the diocese of Durham,
+which latter he exchanged for Alresford, in Hampshire. In 1633 he
+proceeded D. D. and in 1638, became rector of South Warnborough,
+Hampshire, by exchange with Mr. Atkinson, of St. John's College, for
+Islip, in Oxfordshire. In 1640 he was chosen clerk of the convocation for
+Westminster, and in 1642 followed the king to Oxford. After the death of
+Charles, he lost all his property, and removing with his family from place
+to place, subsisted by the exercise of his pen till the Restoration, when
+he regained his livings, and was made sub-dean of Westminster. His
+constancy and exertions were supposed by many to merit a higher reward,
+from a government, in whose defence he had sacrificed every prospect; but
+the warmth of his temper, and his violence in dispute, were such as
+rendered his promotion to a higher dignity in the church impolitic in the
+opinion of the ministers. He died May 8, 1662, and was interred in
+Westminster-abbey, under his own stall. A list of his numerous
+publications, as well as a character of him, may be found in Wood's
+_Athenae Oxonienses_, ii. 275.
+
+
+
+
+No. IX.
+
+CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN DR. EARLE AND MR. BAXTER.
+
+[_See Kennet's Register, folio, Lond. 1723, page 713._]
+
+                   MR. BAXTER TO DR. EARLE.
+
+    "REVEREND SIR,
+
+    "By the great favour of my lord chancellor's
+    reprehension, I came to understand how long a time I
+    have suffered in my reputation with my superiors by your
+    misunderstanding me, and misinforming others; as if when
+    I was to preach before the king, I had scornfully
+    refused the tippet as a toy; when, as the Searcher and
+    Judge of Hearts doth know, that I had no such thought or
+    word. I was so ignorant in those matters as to think
+    that a tippet had been a proper ensign of a doctor of
+    divinity, and I verily thought that you offered it me as
+    such: and I had so much pride as to be somewhat ashamed
+    when you offered it me, that I must tell you my want of
+    such degrees; and therefore gave you no answer to your
+    first offer, but to your second was forced to say, "It
+    belongeth not to me, Sir." And I said not to you any
+    more; nor had any other thought in my heart than with
+    some shame to tell you that I had no degrees, imagining
+    I should have offended others, and made myself the
+    laughter or scorn of many, if I should have used that
+    which did not belong to me. For I must profess that I
+    had no more scruple to wear a tippet than a gown, or any
+    comely garment. Sir, though this be one of the smallest
+    of all the mistakes which of late have turned to my
+    wrong, and I must confess that my ignorance gave you the
+    occasion, and I am far from imputing it to any ill will
+    in you, having frequently heard, that in charity, and
+    gentleness, and peaceableness of mind you are very
+    eminent; yet because I must not contemn my estimation
+    with my superiors, I humbly crave that favour and
+    justice of you, (which I am confident you will readily
+    grant me,) as to acquaint those with the truth of this
+    business, whom, upon mistake, you have misinformed,
+    whereby in relieving the innocence of your brother, you
+    will do a work of charity and justice, and therefore not
+    displeasing unto God, and will much oblige,
+
+                           Sir,
+                               Your humble servant,
+                                              RICHARD BAXTER.
+  _June 20, 1662._
+
+    _P. S._ I have the more need of your justice in this
+    case, because my distance denieth me access to those
+    that have received these misreports, and because any
+    public vindication of myself, whatever is said of me, is
+    taken as an unsufferable crime, and therefore I am
+    utterly incapable of vindicating my innocency, or
+    remedying their mistakes.
+
+    "To the reverend and much honoured Dr. Earles,
+     Dean of Westminster, &c. These."
+
+
+
+DR EARLE, IN REPLY.
+
+                               _Hampton-Court, June 23._
+
+    "SIR,
+
+    [Sidenote: O that they were all such.--_Note by Mr.
+    Baxter._]
+
+    "I received your letter, which I would have answered
+    sooner, if the messenger that brought it had returned. I
+    must confess I was a little surprized with the beginning
+    of it, as I was with your name; but when I read further
+    I ceased to be so. Sir, I should be heartily sorry and
+    ashamed to be guilty of any thing like malignity or
+    uncharitableness, especially to one of your condition,
+    with whom, though I concur not perhaps in point of
+    judgment in some particulars, yet I cannot but esteem
+    for your personal worth and abilities; and, indeed, your
+    expressions in your letter are so civil and ingenuous,
+    that I am obliged thereby the more to give you all the
+    satisfaction I can.
+
+    [Sidenote: These words I heard not, being in the passage
+    from him.--_Note by Mr. Baxter._]
+
+    As I remember, then, when you came to me to the closet,
+    and I told you I would furnish you with a tippet, you
+    answered me something to that purpose as you write, but
+    whether the same numerical words, or but once, I cannot
+    possibly say from my own memory, and therefore I believe
+    yours. Only this I am sure of, that I said to you at my
+    second speaking, that some others of your persuasion had
+    not scrupled at it, which might suppose (if you had not
+    affirmed the contrary), that you had made me a formal
+    refusal; of which giving me then no other reason than
+    that "it belonged not to you," I concluded that you were
+    more scrupulous than others were. And, perhaps, the
+    manner of your refusing it (as it appeared to me) might
+    make me think you were not very well pleased with the
+    motion. And this it is likely I might say, either to my
+    lord chancellor or others; though seriously I do not
+    remember that I spake to my lord chancellor at all
+    concerning it. But, sir, since you give me now that
+    modest reason for it, (which, by the way, is no just
+    reason in itself, for a tippet may be worn without a
+    degree, though a hood cannot; and it is no shame at all
+    to want these formalities for him that wanteth not the
+    substance,) but, sir, I say, since you give that reason
+    for your refusal, I believe you, and shall correct that
+    mistake in myself, and endeavour to rectify it in
+    others, if any, upon this occasion, have misunderstood
+    you. In the mean time I shall desire your charitable
+    opinion of myself, which I shall be willing to deserve
+    upon any opportunity that is offered me to do you
+    service, being, sir,
+
+                Your very humble servant,
+
+                                              JO. EARLES."
+
+    "To my honoured friend, Mr. Richard Baxter, These."
+
+
+
+
+No. X.
+
+MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTION
+
+IN STREGLETHORP CHURCH, NEAR NEWARK-UPON-TRENT, IN LINCOLNSHIRE.
+
+[From Le Neve's _Monumenta Anglicana_[BT]. 8vo. Lond. 1718. vol. iii. p.
+182.]
+
+    Stay, reader, and observe Death's partial doom,
+    A spreading virtue in a narrow tombe;
+    A generous mind, mingled with common dust,
+    Like burnish'd steel, cover'd, and left to rust.
+    Dark in the earth he lyes, in whom did shine
+    All the divided merits of his line.
+    The lustre of his name seems faded here,
+    No fairer star in all that fruitful sphere.
+    In piety and parts extreamly bright,
+    Clear was his youth, and fill'd with growing light,
+    A morn that promis'd much, yet saw no noon;
+    None ever rose so fast, and set so soon.
+    All lines of worth were centered here in one,
+    Yet see, he lies in shades whose life had none.
+    But while the mother this sad structure rears,}
+    A double dissolution there appears--}
+    He into dust dissolves, she into tears.}
+
+  RICHARDUS EARLE[BU], Barn^{tus}.
+  Obijt decimo tertio die
+  Aug^{ti} Anno Dom. 1697.
+  AEtatis suae 24.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BT] Two other epitaphs appear in this collection, on the Earles of
+Norfolk, with whom I cannot find our author to have had the least
+connection. A full account of this family may be seen in Blomefield's
+_History of Norfolk_, vol. iii. p. 531.
+
+[BU] The title was created by Charles the First, July 2, 1629, and, I
+believe, became extinct at the decease of this person.
+
+
+
+
+No. XI.
+
+  CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF BOOKS OF
+  CHARACTERS.
+
+
+
+
+No. i.
+
+  _A Caueat
+  for commen Cvr
+  setors vulgarely called
+  Uagabones, set forth by Thomas Harman.
+  Esquier. for the vtiliteand proffyt of hys
+  naturall Countrey. Newly agmented
+  and Jmprinted Anno Domini._
+  M.D.LXUjj.
+
+  [P] _Vewed, examined, and allowed, according vnto the
+  Queenes Maiestyes Iniunctions_
+
+  [Roughly-executed wood-cut, of two persons receiving punishment
+  at the cart's tail from the hands of a beadle.]
+
+  _Imprinted
+  at London in Fletestret at the signe of the
+  Faulcon by Wylliam Gryffith, and are to be
+  solde at his shoppe in Saynt Dunstones
+  Churche yarde in the West._
+
+[4to. black letter, containing thirty folios, very incorrectly numbered.]
+
+I commence my list of _Characters_, with a volume, which, although earlier
+than the period I originally intended to begin from, is of sufficient
+curiosity and interest to warrant introduction, and, I trust, to obtain
+pardon from the reader for the additional trouble I am thus preparing for
+him.
+
+Mr. Warton, in his _History of English Poetry_, (iv. 74.) has given, with
+some trifling errors, a transcript of the title, and says he has a faint
+remembrance of a Collection of Epigrams, by the author, printed about
+1599: these I have never been fortunate enough to meet with, nor do they
+appear in the collections of Ames or Herbert, neither of whom had seen a
+copy of the present work, although they mention Griffith's licence to
+print it as dated in 1566[BV].
+
+It is dedicated to Elizabeth, countess of Shrewsbury; Mr. Warton thinks
+"with singular impropriety," although the motive appears at least to
+justify the measure, if it does not entitle the author to commendation. He
+addresses this noble lady as a person of extreme benevolence, and "as also
+aboundantly powrynge out dayly [her] ardent and bountifull charytie vppon
+all such as commeth for reliefe."--"I thought it good," he continues,
+"necessary, and my bounden dutye, to acquaynte your goodnes with the
+abhominable, wycked, and detestable behauor of all these rowsey, ragged
+rabblement of rake helles, that vnder the pretence of great misery,
+dyseases, and other innumerable calamites whiche they fayne through great
+hipocrisye, do wyn and gayne great almes in all places where they wyly
+wander."--On this account, therefore, and to preserve the kindness and
+liberality of the countess from imposition, Harman dedicates his book to
+that lady.
+
+The notorious characters mentioned, are a "ruffler[BW]; a upright man[BX];
+a hoker or angglear[BY]; a roge[BZ]; a wylde roge[CA]; a prygger of
+prauncers; a pallyarde[CB]; a frater[CC]; a Abraham man[CD]; a fresh water
+mariner, or whipiacke; a counterfet cranke[CE]; a dommerar[CF]; a dronken
+tinckar[CG]; a swadder or pedler; a jarke man, and a patrico[CH]; a
+demaunder for glymmar[CI]; a bawdy basket[CJ]; a antem morte[CK]; a
+walking morte; a doxe; a dell; a kynchin morte; and a kynchen co."
+
+From such a list, several instances of the tricks, as well as specimens of
+the language of the thieves of the day, might with ease be extracted, did
+not the limits of my little volume compel me to refrain from entering at
+large into this history of rogues; a restriction I the more regret, from
+its containing several passages illustrating the manners of that period,
+and which would be found of material use towards explaining many of the
+allusions met with in our early English dramas and now but imperfectly
+understood.
+
+
+"[P] Prygger of Prauncers. (Sign. C. iii. b.)
+
+"A prigger of Prauncers be horse stealers, for to prigge signifieth in
+their language to steale, and a prauncer is a horse, so beinge put
+together, the matter is plaine. These go commonly in jerkins of leather or
+of white frese, & carry little wandes in their hands, and will walke
+through grounds and pasturs, to search and se horses mete for their
+purpose. And if thei chaunce to be met and asked by the owners of the
+grounde what they make there, they fayne straighte that they have loste
+theyr waye, and desyre to be enstructed the beste way to suche a place.
+These will also repayre to gentlemens houses, and aske theyr charitye, and
+will offer theyr seruice. And if you aske them what they can doe, they wil
+saye that they can kepe two or three geldinges, and waite vppon a
+gentleman. These haue also theyr women that, walkinge from them in other
+places, marke where and what they see abrode, and sheweth these priggars
+therof, when they meete, whych is wythin a weeke or two. And loke, where
+they steale any thynge, they conuey the same at the leaste three score
+miles of, or more. There was a gentleman, a verye friende of myne, rydynge
+from London homewarde into Kente, hauinge within three myles of his house
+busynesse, alyghted of his horse, and hys man also, in a pretye village,
+where diuers houses were, and looked about hym where he myghte haue a
+conuenyent person to walke his horse, because he would speak we a farmer
+that dwelte on the backe side of the sayde village, little aboue a quarter
+of a myle from the place where he lighted, and had his man to waight vpon
+hym, as it was mete for his callynge: espieng a priggar there standing,
+thinkinge the same to dwel there, charging this prity prigginge person to
+walke his horse well, and that they might not stande still for takynge of
+colde, and at his returne (which he saide should not be longe,) he would
+geue him a peny to drinke, and so wente about his busines. Thys peltynge
+priggar, proude of his praye, walketh hys horses vp and downe, till he
+sawe the gentleman out of sighte, and leapes him into the saddell, and
+awaye be goeth a mayne. This gentleman returning, and findyng not his
+horses, sente his man to the one ende of the village, & he went himselfe
+vnto the other ende, and enquired as he went for hys horses that were
+walked, and began somewhat to suspecte, because neither he nor his man
+coulde neyther see nor fynde him. Then this gentleman diligently enquired
+of three or foure towne dwellers there whether any such person, declaring
+his stature, age, apparel, and so manye linamentes of his body as he
+coulde call to remembraunce. And _vna voce_, all sayde that no such man
+dwelte in their streate, neither in the parish that they knewe of, but
+some did wel remember that suche a one they sawe there lyrkinge and
+huggeringe[CL] two houres before the gentleman came thether and a
+straunger to them. J had thought, quoth this gentleman, he had here
+dwelled, and marched home mannerly in his botes: farre from the place he
+dwelt not. J suppose at his comming home he sente such wayes as he
+suspected or thought mete to search for this prigger, but hetherto he
+neuer harde any tidinges againe of his palfreys. J had the best gelding
+stolen out of my pasture that J had amogst others, while this boke was
+first a printing."
+
+At the end of the several characters, the author gives a list of the names
+of the most notorious thieves of his day, a collection of the cant phrases
+used by them, with their significations; and a dialogue between an
+_uprighte man_ and a _roge_, which I shall transcribe:--
+
+    "The vpright Cose canteth to the Roger.
+    _The vprighte man spaketh to the roge._
+
+_Man._  Bene lyghtmans to thy quarromes in what lipk[=e] hast thou lipped
+        in this darkemanes; whether in a lybbege or in the strummell?
+
+        _God morrowe to thy bodye, in what house hast thou lyne in all
+        night whether in a bed, or in the strawe?_
+
+_Roge._ J couched a hogeshed in a skypper this darkemans.
+
+        _I laye me down to sleepe in a barne this night._
+
+_Man._ J towre ye strummell tryne vpon thy nabcher & togman.
+
+        _I see the straw hange upon thy cap and coate._
+
+_Roge._ J saye by the Salomon J wyll lage it of with a gage of bene bouse
+        then cut to my nose watch.
+
+        _J sweare by the masse J wyll wash it of with a quart of drinke,
+        then saye to me what thou wilt._
+
+_Man._  Why, hast thou any lowre in thy bouge to bouse?
+
+       _Why, hast thou any money in thy purse to drinke?_
+
+_Roge._ But a flagge, a wyn, and a make.
+
+        _But a grot, a penny, and a halfe-penny._
+
+_Man._  Why where is the kene that hath the bene bouse?
+
+        _Where is the house that hath the good drinke?_
+
+_Roge._ A bene mort hereby at the signe of the prauncer.
+
+        _A good wyfe here by at the signe of the hors._
+
+_Man._  J cutt it is quyer bouse J bousd a flagge the laste darkemans.
+
+        _J saye it is small and naughtye drynke, J dranke a groate there
+        the last night._
+
+_Roge._ But bouse there a bord, and thou shalt haue beneship.
+
+	_But drinke there a shyllinge, and thou shalt haue very good._
+
+        Tower ye, yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund that is
+        beneshype.
+
+        _Se you, yonder is the house, open the doore, and aske for the
+        best._
+
+_Man._  This bouse is as benshyp as rome bouse.
+
+        _This drinke is as good as wyne._
+
+        Now J tower that bene bouse makes nase nabes.
+
+        _Now J se that good drynke makes a dronken heade._
+
+        Maunde of this morte what bene pecke is in her ken.
+
+        _Aske of this wyfe what good meate shee hath in her house._
+
+_Roge._ She hath a cacling chete, a grunting chete, ruff pecke, cassan,
+        and popplarr of yarum.
+
+        _She hath a hen, a pyg, baken, chese and mylke porrage._
+
+_Man._  That is beneshyp to oure watche.
+
+        _That is very good for vs._
+
+        Now we haue well bousd, let vs strike some chete.
+
+        _Nowe we haue well dronke, let vs steale some thinge._
+
+        Yonder dwelleth a quyere cuffen it were beneshype to myll hym.
+
+        _Yonder dwelleth a hoggeshe and choyrlyshe man it weare very well
+        donne to robbe him._
+
+_Roge._ Nowe, bynge we a waste to the hygh pad, the ruff-manes is by.
+
+        _Naye, let vs go hence to the hygh waye, the wodes is at hande._
+
+_Man._  So may we happen on the harmanes and cly the jarke, or to the
+        quyer ken and skower quyaer cramprings and so to tryning on the
+        chates.
+
+        _So we maye chaunce to set in the stockes, eyther be whypped,
+        eyther had to prison-house, and there be shackeled with bolttes and
+        fetters, and then to hange on the gallowes._
+
+[_Rogue._] Gerry gan the ruffian clye thee.
+
+        _A corde in thy mouth, the deuyll take thee._
+
+_Man._  What! stowe you bene cofe and cut benar whydds; and byng we to some
+        vyle to nyp a bong, so shall we haue lowre for the bousing ken and
+        when we byng back to the deuseauye, we wyll fylche some duddes of
+        the ruffemans, or myll the ken for a lagge of dudes.
+
+        _What! holde your peace, good fellowe, and speake better wordes;
+        and go we to London to cut a purse, then shal we haue money for the
+        ale-house, and when we come backe agayne into the countrey, we wyll
+        steale some lynnen clothes of one hedges, or robbe some house for a
+        bucke of clothes._"
+
+I have been induced, from the curiosity and rarity of this tract, to
+extend my account of it farther, perhaps, than many of my readers may
+think reasonable, and shall, therefore, only add a specimen of Harman's
+poetry, with which the original terminates.
+
+    "--> Thus J conclude my bolde beggar's booke,
+    That all estates most playnely maye see;
+    As in a glasse well pollyshed to looke,
+    Their double demeaner in eche degree;
+    Their lyues, their language, their names as they be;
+    That with this warning their myndes may be warmed
+    To amende their mysdeedes, and so lyue vnharmed."
+
+Another tract of the same description is noticed in Herbert's Ames (p.
+885.) as printed so early as in 1565. A copy of the second edition in the
+Bodleian Library, possesses the following title:--"_The Fraternitye of
+Uacabondes. As wel of ruflyng Vacabondes, as of beggerly, of women as of
+men, of gyrles as of boyes, with their proper names and qualities. With a
+description of the crafty company of Cousoners and Shifters. Whereunto
+also is adioyned the xxv orders of Knaues, otherwyse called a Quartern of
+Knaues. Confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell[CM], &c. Imprinted at London by
+Iohn Awdeley, dwellyng in little Britayne streete without Aldersgate.
+1575._" This, although much shorter than Harman's, contains nearly the
+same characters, and is therefore thus briefly dismissed. An account of
+it, drawn up by the editor of the present volume, may be found in Brydges'
+_British Bibliographer_, vol. ii. p. 12.
+
+It may not be amiss to notice in this place, that a considerable part of
+_The Belman of London, bringing to light the most notorious villanies that
+are now practised in the kingdom, &c._ 4to. 1608, is derived from Harman's
+_Caveat_. Among the books bequeathed to the Bodleian, by Burton, (4to.
+G.8. Art. BS.) is a copy of the _Belman_, with the several passages so
+borrowed, marked in the hand-writing of the author of the _Anatomy of
+Melancholy_, who has also copied the _canting dialogue_ just given, and
+added several notes of his own on the margin.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[BV] In the epistle to the reader, the author terms it "this _second_
+impression."
+
+[BW] A _ruffler_ seems to have been a bully as well as a beggar, he is
+thus described in the _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_; (see p. 228.) "A
+ruffeler goeth wyth a weapon to seeke seruice, saying he hath bene a
+seruitor in the wars, and beggeth for his reliefe. But his chiefest trade
+is to robbe poore way-faring men and market-women." In _New Custome_ a
+morality, 1573, Creweltie, one of the characters, is termed a _ruffler_.
+See also Decker's _Belman of London_. Sign. C. iv.
+
+[BX] "An _upright man_ is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a staffe,
+which staffe they cal a Flitchm[=a]. This man is of so much authority,
+that meeting with any of his profession, he may cal them to accompt, and
+comaund a share or snap vnto himselfe of al that they have gained by their
+trade in one moneth." _Fraternitye of Vacabondes._
+
+[BY] This worthy character approaches somewhat near to a shop-lifter.
+Decker tells us that "their apparele in which they walke is commonly
+freize jerkins and gallye slops." _Belman._ Sign. C. iv.
+
+[BZ] A rogue, says Burton, in his MS. notes to Decker's _Belman of
+London_, "is not so stoute and [hardy] as the vpright man."
+
+[CA] A person whose parents were rogues.
+
+[CB] "These be called also _clapperdogens_" and "go with patched clokes."
+Sign. C. iv.
+
+[CC] A _Frater_ and a _Whipiacke_, are persons who travel with a
+counterfeite license, the latter in the dress of a sailor. See
+_Fraternitye, Belman_, &c.
+
+[CD] "An _Abraham-man_ is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and
+fayneth hymselfe mad, and caryeth a packe of wool, or a stycke with baken
+on it, or such lyke toy, and nameth himselfe Poore Tom." _Fraternitye of
+Vacabondes._
+
+[CE] A person who asks charity, and feigns sickness and disease.
+
+[CF] One who pretends to be dumb. In Harman's time they were chiefly
+Welsh-men.
+
+[CG] An artificer who mends one hole, and makes twenty.
+
+[CH] A _jarke man_ can read and write, and sometimes understands a little
+Latin. A _patrico_ solemnizes their marriages.
+
+[CI] These are commonly women who ask assistance, feigning that they have
+lost their property by fire.
+
+[CJ] A woman who cohabits with an _upright man_, and professes to sell
+thread, &c.
+
+[CK] "These _antem mortes_ be maried wemen, as there be but a fewe: for
+_antem_, in their language is a churche--" &c. _Harman_. Sign. E. iv. A
+_walking morte_ is one unmarried: a _doxe_, a _dell_, and a _kynchin
+morte_, are all females; and a _kynchen co_ is a young boy not thoroughly
+instructed in the art of _canting_ and _prigging_.
+
+[CL] In Florio's _Italian Dictionary_, the word _dinascoso_ is explained
+"secretly, hiddenly, in _hugger-mugger_." See also Reed's _Shakspeare_,
+xviii. 284. _Old Plays_, 1780. viii. 48.
+
+[CM] Herbert notices _Cock Lorelles Bote_, which he describes to be a
+satire in verse, in which the author enumerates all the most common trades
+and callings then in being. It was printed, in black letter, Wynken de
+Worde, 4to. without date. _History of Printing_ ii. 224, and Percy's
+_Reliques_, i. 137, edit. 1794.
+
+
+
+
+ii. _Picture of a Puritane, 8vo._ 1605. [Dr. Farmer's _Sale Catalogue_,
+page 153, No. 3709.]
+
+
+
+
+iii. _"A Wife novv the Widdow of Sir Thomas Overbvrye. Being a most
+exquisite and singular Poem of the Choice of a Wife. Wherevnto are added
+many witty Characters, and conceited Newes, written by himselfe and other
+learned Gentlemen his friends.
+
+    Dignum laude virum musa vetat mori,
+    Caelo musa beat. Hor. Car. lib. 3.
+
+London Printed for Lawrence Lisle, and are to bee sold at his shop in
+Paule's Church-yard, at the signe of the Tiger's head. 1614."_[CN]
+
+[4to. pp. 64, not numbered.]
+
+Of Sir Thomas Overbury's life, and unhappy end, we have so full an account
+in the _Biographia_, and the various historical productions, treating of
+the period in which he lived, that nothing further will be expected in
+this place. His _Wife_ and _Characters_ were printed, says Wood, several
+times during his life, and the edition above noticed, was supposed, by the
+Oxford biographer, to be the fourth or fifth[CO]. Having never seen a
+copy of the early editions, I am unable to fix on any character
+undoubtedly the production of Overbury, and the printer confesses some of
+them were written by "other learned gentlemen." These were greatly
+encreased in subsequent impressions, that of 1614 having only twenty-one
+characters, and that in 1622 containing no less than eighty.
+
+
+A COURTIER,--(_Sign. C. 4. b._)
+
+To all men's thinking is a man, and to most men the finest: all things
+else are defined by the understanding, but this by the sences; but his
+surest marke is, that hee is to bee found onely about princes. Hee smells;
+and putteth away much of his judgement about the scituation of his
+clothes. Hee knowes no man that is not generally knowne. His wit, like the
+marigold, openeth with the sunne, and therefore he riseth not before ten
+of the clocke. Hee puts more confidence in his words than meaning, and
+more in his pronuntiation than his words. Occasion is his Cupid, and hee
+hath but one receipt of making loue. Hee followes nothing but
+inconstancie, admires nothing but beauty, honours nothing but fortune.
+Loues nothing. The sustenance of his discourse his newes, and his censure
+like a shot depends vpon the charging. Hee is not, if he be out of court,
+but, fish-like, breathes destruction, if out of his owne element. Neither
+his motion, or aspect are regular, but he mooues by the vpper spheres, and
+is the reflexion of higher substances. If you finde him not heere, you
+shall in Paules with a pick-tooth in his hat, a cape cloke, and a long
+stocking.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CN] In 1614 appeared _The Husband_, a _Poeme_, expressed in a compleat
+man. See _Censura Literaria_, v. 365. John Davies, of Hereford, wrote _A
+Select Second Hvsband for Sir Thomas Overbvries Wife, now a matchlesse
+widow_. 8vo. Lond. 1616. And in 1673 was published, _The Illustrious Wife,
+viz. That excellent Poem, Sir Thomas Overbvrie's Wife, illustrated by
+Giles Oldisworth, Nephew to the same Sir T. O._
+
+[CO] It was most probably the fifth, as Mr. Capel, who has printed the
+_Wife_, in his very curious volume, entitled _Prolusions_, 8vo. Lond.
+1760, notices two copies in 1614, one in 8vo. which I suppose to be the
+third, and one in 4to. stated in the title to be the fourth edition: the
+sixth was in the following year, 1615; the seventh, eighth, and ninth were
+in 1616, the eleventh in 1622, twelfth in 1627, thirteenth 1628,
+fourteenth, 1630, fifteenth, 1632, sixteenth, 1638, and Mr. Brand
+possessed a copy, the specific edition of which I am unable to state,
+printed in 1655. _Catalogue_, No. 4927.
+
+
+
+
+iv. "_Satyrical Essayes, Characters, and others, or accurate and quick
+Descriptions, fitted to the life of their Subiects._ [Greek: ton ethon de
+phylattesthai mallon dei he tous hecheis]. Theophras.
+
+    Aspice et haec, si forte aliquid decoctius audis,
+    Jude vaporata Lector mihi ferucat aure. IUUEN.
+
+_Plagosus minime Plagiarius._
+
+_John Stephens. London, Printed by Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by
+Roger Barnes, at his Shop in St. Dunstane's Church-yard. 1615._"
+
+[8vo. pp. 321. title, preface, &c. 14 more.]
+
+In a subsequent impression of this volume, 8vo. in the same year, and with
+a fresh title page, dated 1631[CP], we find the author to be "John
+Stephens the younger, of Lincoln's Inn:" no other particulars of him
+appear to exist at present, excepting that he was the author of a play
+entitled, _Cinthia's Revenge; or, Maenander's Extasie_. Lond. for Barnes,
+1613, 4to. "which," says Langbaine, "is one of the longest plays I ever
+read, and withal the most tedious." Ben Jonson addressed some lines[CQ]
+to the author, whom he calls "his much and worthily esteemed friend," as
+did F. C. G. Rogers, and Thomas Danet.
+
+Stephens dedicates his book to Thomas Turner, Esq. For the sake of a
+little variety I give one of his "three satyricall Essayes on
+Cowardlinesse," which are written in verse.
+
+
+ESSAY I.
+
+    "Feare to resist good virtue's common foe,
+    And feare to loose some lucre, which doth grow
+    By a continued practise; makes our fate
+    Banish (with single combates) all the hate,
+    Which broad abuses challenge of our spleene.
+    For who in Vertue's troope was euer seene,
+    That did couragiously with mischiefes fight,
+    Without the publicke name of hipocrite?
+    Vaine-glorious, malapert, precise, deuout,
+    Be tearmes which threaten those that go about
+    To stand in opposition of our times
+    With true defiance, or satyricke rimes.
+    Cowards they be, branded among the worst,
+    Who (through contempt of Atheisme), neuer durst
+    Crowd neere a great man's elbow to suggest
+    Smooth tales with glosse, or Enuy well addrest.
+    These be the noted cowards of our age;
+    Who be not able to instruct the stage
+    With matter of new shamelesse impudence
+    Who cannot almost laugh at innocence;
+    And purchase high preferment by the waies,
+    Which had bene horrible in Nero's dayes.
+    They are the shamefull cowards, who contemne
+    Vices of state, or cannot flatter them;
+    Who can refuse advantage, or deny
+    Villanous courses, if they can espye
+    Some little purchase to inrich their chest
+    Though they become vncomfortably blest.
+    We still account those cowards, who forbeare
+    (Being possess'd with a religious feare)
+    To slip occasion, when they might erect
+    Hornes on a tradesman's noddle, or neglect
+    The violation of a virgin's bed
+    With promise to requite her maiden-head.
+    Basely low-minded we esteeme that man
+    Who cannot swagger well, or (if he can)
+    Who doth not with implacable desire,
+    Follow revenge with a consuming fire.
+    Extortious rascals, when they are alone,
+    Bethinke how closely they have pick'd each bone,
+    Nay, with a frolicke humour, they will brag,
+    How blancke they left their empty client's bag.
+    Which dealings if they did not giue delight,
+    Or not refresh their meetings in despight,
+    They would accounted be both weake, vnwise,
+    And, like a timorous coward, too precise.
+    Your handsome-bodied youth (whose comely face
+    May challenge all the store of Nature's grace,)
+    If, when a lustfull lady doth inuite,
+    By some lasciuious trickes his deere delight,
+    If then he doth abhorre such wanton ioy;
+    Whose is not almost ready to destroy
+    Ciuility with curses, when he heares
+    The tale recited? blaming much his years,
+    Or modest weaknesse, and with cheeks ful-blown
+    Each man will wish the case had beene his own.
+    Graue holy men, whose habite will imply
+    Nothing but honest zeale, or sanctity,
+    Nay so vprighteous will their actions seeme,
+    As you their thoughts religion will esteeme.
+    Yet these all-sacred men, who daily giue
+    Such vowes, wold think themselves vnfit to liue,
+    If they were artlesse in the flattering vice,
+    Euen as it were a daily sacrifice:
+    Children deceiue their parents with expence:
+    Charity layes aside her conscience,
+    And lookes vpon the fraile commodity
+    Of monstrous bargaines with a couetous eye:
+    And now the name of _generosity_,
+    Of _noble cariage_ or _braue dignity_,
+    Keepe such a common skirmish in our bloud,
+    As we direct the measure of things good,
+    By that, which reputation of estate,
+    Glory of rumor, or the present rate
+    Of sauing pollicy doth best admit.
+    We do employ materials of wit,
+    Knowledge, occasion, labour, dignity,
+    Among our spirits of audacity,
+    Nor in our gainefull proiects do we care
+    For what is pious, but for what we dare.
+    Good humble men, who haue sincerely layd
+    Saluation for their hope, we call _afraid_.
+    But if you will vouchsafe a patient eare,
+    You shall perceiue, men impious haue most feare."
+
+The second edition possesses the following title--"_New Essayes and
+Characters, with a new Satyre in defence of the Common Law, and Lawyers:
+mixt with reproofe against their Enemy Ignoramus, &c. London, 1631._" It
+seems not improbable that some person had attacked Stephens's first
+edition, although I am unable to discover the publication alluded to. I
+suspect him to be the editor of, or one of the contributors to, the later
+copies of Sir Thomas Overbury's _Wife_, &c.: since one of Stephens's
+friends, (a Mr. I. Cocke) in a poetical address prefixed to his _New
+Essayes_, says "I am heere enforced to claime 3 characters following the
+Wife[CR]; viz. the _Tinker_, the _Apparatour_, and _Almanack-maker_, that
+I may signify the ridiculous and bold dealing of an vnknowne botcher: but
+I neede make no question what he is; for his hackney similitudes discouer
+him to be the rayler above-mentioned, whosoeuer that rayler be."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CP] Coxeter, in his MSS. notes to Gildon's _Lives of the Eng. Dram.
+Poets_, in the Bodleian, says that the second edition was in 8vo. 1613,
+"_Essays and Characters, Ironical and Instructive_," but this must be a
+mistake.
+
+[CQ]
+
+    "Who takes thy volume to his vertuous hand,
+    Must be intended still to vnderstand:
+    Who bluntly doth but looke vpon the same,
+    May aske, _what author would conceale his name?_
+    Who reads may roaue, and call the passage darke,
+    Yet may, as blind men, sometimes hit the marke.
+    Who reads, who roaues, who hopes to vnderstand,
+    May take thy volume to his vertuous hand.
+    Who cannot reade, but onely doth desire
+    To vnderstand, hee may at length admire.
+
+    B. I."
+
+
+
+[CR] These were added to the sixth edition of the _Wife_, in 1615.
+
+
+
+
+v. _Caracters upon Essaies, morall and diuine, written for those good
+spirits that will take them in good part, and make use of them to good
+purpose. London: Printed by Edw. Griffin for John Guillim, and are to be
+sold at his shop in Britaines Burse._ 1615. 12mo.
+
+[Censura Literaria, v. 51. Monthly Mirror, xi. 16.]
+
+
+
+
+vi. _The Good and the Badde, or Descriptions of the Worthies and
+Vnworthies of this Age. Where the Best may see their Graces, and the Worst
+discerne their Basenesse. London, Printed by George Purslowe for Iohn
+Budge, and are to be sold at the great South-dore of Paules, and at
+Brittaines Bursse._ 1616.
+
+[4to. containing pp. 40, title, dedication "to Sir Gilbert Houghton,
+Knight," and preface six more. A second edition appeared in 1643, under
+the title of _England's Selected Characters_, &c.]
+
+The author of these characters[CS] was Nicholas Breton, who dedicates them
+to Sir Gilbert Houghton, of Houghton, Knight. Of Breton no particulars
+are now known, excepting what may be gained from an epitaph in Norton
+church, Northamptonshire[CT], by which we learn that he was the son of
+Captain Breton, of Tamworth, in Staffordshire, and served himself in the
+Low Countries, under the command of the Earl of Leicester. He married
+Anne, daughter of Sir Edward Legh, or Leigh, of Rushell, Staffordshire, by
+whom he had five sons and four daughters, and having purchased the manor
+of Norton, died there June 22, 1624[CU].
+
+Breton appears to have been a poet of considerable reputation among his
+contemporaries, as he is noticed with commendation by Puttenhem and Meres:
+Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges declares that his poetical powers were
+distinguished by a simplicity, at once easy and elegant. Specimens of his
+productions in verse, may be found in Percy's _Reliques_, Ellis's
+_Specimens_, Cooper's _Muses' Library, Censura Literaria_; and an
+imperfect list of his publications is given by Ritson, in the
+_Bibliographia Poetica_, which is augmented by Mr. Park, in the _Cens.
+Lit._ ix. 163[CV].
+
+
+A WORTHIE PRIUIE COUNCELLER.
+
+
+A worthy priuie counceller is the pillar of a realme, in whose wisedome
+and care, vnder God and the king, stands the safety of a kingdome; he is
+the watch-towre to giue warning of the enemy, and a hand of prouision for
+the preseruation of the state: hee is an oracle in the king's eare, and a
+sword in the king's hand, an euen weight in the ballance of justice, and a
+light of grace in the loue of truth: he is an eye of care in the course of
+lawe, a heart of loue in the seruice of his soueraigne, a mind of honour
+in the order of his seruice, and a braine of inuention for the good of the
+common-wealth; his place is powerful, while his seruice is faithfull, and
+his honour due in the desert of his employment. In summe, he is as a fixed
+planet mong the starres of the firmament, which through the clouds in the
+ayre, shewes the nature of his light.
+
+
+AN VNWORTHIE COUNCELLER.
+
+
+An vnworthie counceller is the hurt of a king, and the danger of a state,
+when the weaknes of judgement may commit an error, or the lacke of care
+may give way to vnhappinesse: he is a wicked charme in the king's eare, a
+sword of terror in the aduice of tyranny: his power is perillous in the
+partiality of will, and his heart full of hollownesse in the protestation
+of loue: hypocrisie is the couer of his counterfaite religion, and
+traiterous inu[=e]tion is the agent of his ambition: he is the cloud of
+darknesse, that threatneth foule weather, and if it growe to a storme, it
+is feareful where it falls: hee is an enemy to God in the hate of grace,
+and worthie of death in disloyalty to his soueraigne. In summe, he is an
+vnfit person for the place of a counceller, and an vnworthy subject to
+looke a king in the face.
+
+
+AN EFFEMINATE FOOL.
+
+An effeminate foole is the figure of a baby: he loues nothing but gay, to
+look in a glasse, to keepe among wenches, and to play with trifles; to
+feed on sweet meats, and to be daunced in laps, to be inbraced in armes,
+and to be kissed on the cheeke: to talke idlely, to looke demurely, to goe
+nicely, and to laugh continually: to be his mistresse' servant, and her
+mayd's master, his father's love, and his mother's none-child: to play on
+a fiddle, and sing a loue-song, to weare sweet gloues, and look on fine
+things: to make purposes and write verses, deuise riddles, and tell lies:
+to follow plaies, and study daunces, to heare newes, and buy trifles: to
+sigh for loue, and weepe for kindnesse, and mourne for company, and bee
+sicke for fashion: to ride in a coach, and gallop a hackney, to watch all
+night, and sleepe out the morning: to lie on a bed, and take tobacco, and
+to send his page of an idle message to his mistresse; to go vpon gigges,
+to haue his ruffes set in print, to picke his teeth, and play with a
+puppet. In summe, hee is a man-childe, and a woman's man, a gaze of
+folly, and wisedome's griefe[CW].
+
+
+"THE CHESSE PLAY."
+
+Very aptly deuised by N. B. Gent.
+
+[From "_The Phoenix Nest. Built vp with the most rare and refined workes
+of Noble men, woorthy Knights, gallant Gentlemen, Masters of Arts, and
+braue Schollers," &c. "Set foorth by R. S. of the Inner Temple,
+Gentleman." 4to. London, by Iohn Iackson, 1593, page 28._]
+
+    A secret many yeeres vnseene,
+    In play at chesse, who knowes the game,
+    First of the King, and then the Queene,
+    Knight, Bishop, Rooke, and so by name,
+        Of euerie Pawne I will descrie,
+        The nature with the qualitie.
+
+THE KING.
+
+    The King himselfe is haughtie care,
+    Which ouerlooketh all his men,
+    And when he seeth how they fare
+    He steps among them now and then,
+        Whom, when his foe presumes to checke,
+        His seruants stand, to giue the necke.
+
+THE QUEENE.
+
+    The Queene is queint, and quicke conceit,
+    Which makes hir walke which way she list,
+    And rootes them vp, that lie in wait
+    To worke hir treason, ere she wist:
+        Hir force is such against hir foes
+        That whom she meetes, she ouerthrowes.
+
+THE KNIGHT.
+
+    The Knight is knowledge how to fight
+    Against his prince's enimies,
+    He neuer makes his walke outright,
+    But leaps and skips, in wilie wise,
+        To take by sleight a traitrous foe,
+        Might slilie seeke their ouerthrowe.
+
+THE BISHOP.
+
+    The Bishop he is wittie braine,
+    That chooseth crossest pathes to pace,
+    And euermore he pries with paine,
+    To see who seekes him most disgrace:
+        Such straglers when he findes astraie
+        He takes them vp, and throwes awaie.
+
+THE ROOKES.
+
+    The Rookes are reason on both sides,
+    Which keepe the corner houses still,
+    And warily stand to watch their tides,
+    By secret art to worke their will,
+        To take sometime a theefe vnseene,
+        Might mischiefe meane to King or Queene.
+
+THE PAWNES.
+
+    The Pawne before the King, is peace,
+    Which he desires to keepe at home,
+    Practise, the Queene's, which doth not cease
+    Amid the world abroad to roame,
+        To finde, and fall upon each foe,
+        Whereas his mistres meanes to goe.
+
+    Before the Knight, is perill plast,
+    Which he, by skipping ouergoes,
+    And yet that Pawne can worke a cast,
+    To ouerthrow his greatest foes;
+        The Bishop's prudence, prieng still
+        Which way to worke his master's will.
+
+    The Rooke's poore Pawnes, are sillie swaines,
+    Which seeldome serue, except by hap,
+    And yet those Pawnes, can lay their traines,
+    To catch a great man, in a trap:
+        So that I see, sometime a groome
+        May not be spared from his roome.
+
+THE NATURE OF THE CHESSE MEN.
+
+    The King is stately, looking hie;
+    The Queene doth beare like maiestie:
+    The Knight is hardie, valiant, wise:
+    The Bishop prudent and precise.
+        The Rookes no raungers out of raie[CX],
+        The Pawnes the pages in the plaie.
+
+LENVOY.
+
+    Then rule with care, and quicke conceit,
+    And fight with knowledge, as with force;
+    So beare a braine, to dash deceit,
+    And worke with reason and remorse.
+        Forgive a fault when young men plaie,
+        So giue a mate, and go your way.
+
+    And when you plaie beware of checke,
+    Know how to saue and giue a necke:
+    And with a checke beware of mate;
+    But cheefe, ware had I wist too late:
+        Loose not the Queene, for ten to one,
+        If she be lost, the game is gone."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CS] These are a king; a queen; a prince; a privy-counsellor; a noble man;
+a bishop; a judge; a knight; a gentleman; a lawyer; a soldier; a
+physician; a merchant (their good and bad characters); a good man, and an
+atheist or most bad man; a wise man and a fool; an honest man and a knave;
+an usurer; a beggar; a virgin and a wanton woman; a quiet woman; an
+unquiet woman; a good wife; an effeminate fool; a parasite; a bawd; a
+drunkard; a coward; an honest poor man; a just man; a repentant sinner; a
+reprobate; an old man; a young man, and a holy man.
+
+[CT] It is by no means certain that this may not be intended to perpetuate
+the memory of some other person of the same names, although Mr. Gough, in
+a note to the second volume of _Queen Elizabeth's Progresses_, seems to
+think it belongs to our author.
+
+[CU] Bridges' _Northamptonshire_, vol. ii. page 78, s. Shaw's
+_Staffordshire_, vol. i. page 422.
+
+[CV] To these lists of Breton's productions may be added, 1. _A Solemne
+Passion of the Soule's Loue._ 4to. Lond. 1598. 2. _The Mother's Blessing_,
+4to. Lond. 1602. 3. _A True Description of vnthankfulnesse; or an enemie
+to Ingratitude._ 4to. Lond. 1602. 4. _Breton's Longing_, 4to. title lost
+in the Bodleian copy; prefixed are verses by H. T. gent. 5. _A Poste with
+a packet of Mad Letters_, 4to. 1633, dedicated by Nicholas Breton to
+Maximilian Dallison of Hawlin, Kent. The last tract excepted, all the
+above are in a volume bequeathed by Bishop Tanner to the university of
+Oxford, which contains many of the pieces noticed by Ritson, and, in
+addition, _The Passion of a discontented Minde._ 4to. Lond. 1602, which I
+should have no hesitation in placing to Breton. At the end of the volume
+are _The Passions of the Spirit_, and _Excellent Vercis worthey imitation
+of euery Christian in thier Conuersiation_, both in manuscript, and, if we
+may judge from the style, evidently by the author before-mentioned. For
+the _Figures_, in the composition of which he had certainly a share, see
+page 198.
+
+[CW] I am not aware that the following specimen of his versification,
+which is curious, has been reprinted.
+
+[CX] _Raie_, for _array_; order, rank. So Spencer.
+
+    "And all the damzels of that towne in _ray_,
+    Came dauncing forth, and ioyous carrols song:"
+
+_Faerie Queene_, book v. canto xi. 34.
+
+
+
+
+vii. _Essayes and Characters of a Prison and Prisoners. Written by G. M.
+of Grayes'-Inne, Gent._ (Woodcut of a keeper standing with the hatch of a
+prison open, in his left hand a staff, the following lines at the side;
+
+    "Those that keepe mee, I keepe; if can, will still:
+    Hee's a true Iaylor strips the Diuell in ill.")
+
+_Printed at London for Mathew Walbancke and are to be solde at his shops
+at the new and old Gate of Grayes-Inne._ 1618.
+
+[4to. pp. 48. title, dedication, &c. eight more.]
+
+A second edition appeared in 1638, and, as the title informs us, "with
+some new additions:" what these were I am not able to state, as my copy,
+although it appears perfect, contains precisely the same with that of
+1618.
+
+Of Geffray Mynshul, as he signs his name to the dedication, I can learn
+no particulars, but I have reason to suppose him descended from an ancient
+and highly respectable family, residing at Minshull, in the county of
+Chester[CY], during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By what
+mishap he became an inmate of the King's-bench prison, from when he
+dates[CZ] his _Essayes_, it is impossible to conjecture, but as he talks
+of usury and extortion, as well as of severe creditors; and advises those
+who are compelled to borrow, to pay as soon as they can, we may suppose
+that imprudence and extravagance assisted in reducing him to the situation
+he attempts to describe.
+
+In the dedication to his uncle, "Mr. Matthew Mainwaring[DA], of Namptwich,
+in Cheshire," he says:--"Since my comming into this prison, what with the
+strangenesse of the place, and strictnesse of my liberty, I am so
+transported that I could not follow that study wherein I tooke great
+delight and cheife pleasure, and to spend my time idley would but adde
+more discontentments to my troubled brest, and being in this chaos of
+discontentments, fantasies must arise, which will bring forth the fruits
+of an idle braine, for _e malis minimum_. It is farre better to giue some
+accompt of time, though to little purpose, than none at all. To which end
+I gathered a handfull of essayes, and few characters of such things as by
+my owne experience I could say _Probatum est_: not that thereby I should
+either please the reader, or shew exquisitenes of inuention, or curious
+stile; seeing what I write of is but the child of sorrow, bred by
+discontentments, and nourisht vp with misfortunes, to whosc help
+melancholly Saturne gaue his iudgement, the night-bird her inuention, and
+the ominous rauen brought a quill taken from his owne wing, dipt in the
+inke of misery, as chiefe ayders in this architect of sorrow."
+
+
+"CHARACTER OF A PRISONER.
+
+A prisoner is an impatient patient, lingring vnder the rough hands of a
+cruell phisitian: his creditor hauing cast his water knowes his disease,
+and hath power to cure him, but takes more pleasure to kill him. He is
+like Tantalus, who hath freedome running by his doore, yet cannot enioy
+the least benefit thereof. His greatest griefe is that his credit was so
+good and now no better. His land is drawne within the compasse of a
+sheepe's skin, and his owne hand the fortification that barres him of
+entrance: hee is fortunes tossing-bal, an obiect that would make mirth
+melancholy: to his friends an abiect, and a subiect of nine dayes' wonder
+in euery barber's shop, and a mouthfull of pitty (that he had no better
+fortune) to midwiues and talkatiue gossips; and all the content that this
+transitory life can giue him seemes but to flout him, in respect the
+restraint of liberty barres the true vse. To his familiars hee is like a
+plague, whom they dare scarce come nigh for feare of infection, he is a
+monument ruined by those which raysed him, he spends the day with a _hei
+mihi! ve miserum_! and the night with a _nullis est medicabilis herbis_."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[CY] In the church of St. Mary, at Nantwich, in that county, is a monument
+erected by Geofry Minshull, of Stoke, Esq. to the memory of his ancestors.
+_Historical Account of Nantwich_, 8vo. 1774, page 33. King, in his _Vale
+Royal of England_, folio, _Lond._ 1656, page 74, speaks of Minshall-hall,
+"a very ancient seat, which hath continued the successions of a
+worshipfull race in its own name"--&c.
+
+[CZ] This place of residence was omitted in the second edition.
+
+[DA] The Mainwarings were an old family of repute, being mentioned as
+residing near Nantwich, by Leland, _Itin._ vol. 7. pt. i. fol. 43. See
+also the list of escheators of Cheshire, in Leycester's _Historical
+Antiquities_, folio, Lond. 1673, p. 186.
+
+
+
+
+viii. _Cvres for the Itch. Characters. Epigrams. Epitaphs. By H. P.
+Scalpat qui tangitur. London, Printed for Thomas Iones, at the signs of
+the Blacke Rauen in the Strand._ 1626. [8vo. containing pp. 142, not
+numbered.]
+
+I have little doubt but that the initials H. P. may be attributed with
+justice to _Henry Parrot_, author of _Laquei ridiculosi: or, Springes for
+Woodcocks_, a collection of epigrams, printed at London in 1613[DB], 8vo.
+and commended by Mr. Warton, who says, that "many of them are worthy to be
+revived in modern collections"[DC]. To the same person I would also give
+_The Mastive, or Young Whelpe of the Old Dogge. Epigrams and Satyrs._
+Lond. (Date cut off in the Bodleian copy,) 4to.--_The Mouse Trap,
+consisting of 100 Epigrams_, 4to. 1606.--_Epigrams by H. P._ 4to.
+1608.--and _The More the Merrier: containing three-score and odde
+headlesse Epigrams, shot (like the Fooles bolt) amongst you, light where
+they will_, 4to. 1608[DD].
+
+It appears from the Preface to _Cvres for the Itch_, that the _Epigrams
+and Epitaphs_ were written in 1624, during the author's residence in the
+country, at the "_long vacation_," and the _Characters_[DE], which are
+"not so fully perfected as was meant," were composed "of later times."
+The following afford as fair a specimen of this part of the volume as can
+be produced.
+
+
+"A SCOLD. (B. 5.)
+
+Is a much more heard of, then least desired to bee seene or knowne,
+she-kinde of serpent; the venom'd sting of whose poysonous tongue, worse
+then the biting of a scorpion, proues more infectious farre then can be
+cured. Shee's of all other creatures most vntameablest, and couets more
+the last word in scoulding, then doth a Combater the last stroke for
+victorie. She lowdest lifts it standing at her door, bidding, w^{th}
+exclamation, flat defiance to any one sayes blacke's her eye. She dares
+appeare before any iustice, nor is least daunted with the sight of
+counstable, nor at worst threatnings of a cucking-stoole. There's nothing
+mads or moues her more to outrage, then but the very naming of a wispe, or
+if you sing or whistle when she is scoulding. If any in the interim chance
+to come within her reach, twenty to one she scratcheth him by the face; or
+doe but offer to hold her hands, sheel presently begin to cry out murder.
+There's nothing pacifies her but a cup of sacke, which taking in full
+measure of digestion, shee presently forgets all wrongs that's done her,
+and thereupon falls streight a weeping. Doe but intreat her with faire
+words, or flatter her, she then confesseth all her imperfections, and
+layes the guilt vpon the whore her mayd. Her manner is to talke much in
+her sleepe, what wrongs she hath indured of that rogue her husband whose
+hap may be in time to dye a martyr; and so I leaue them."
+
+
+"A GOOD WIFE,
+
+Is a world of happiness, that brings with it a kingdom in conceit, and
+makes a perfect adiunct in societie; shee's such a comfort as exceeds
+content, and proues so precious as canot be paralleld, yea more
+inestimable then may be valued. Shee's any good man's better second selfe,
+the very mirror of true constant modesty, the carefull huswife of
+frugalitie, and dearest obiect of man's heart's felicitie. She commands
+with mildnesse, rules with discretion, liues in repute, and ordereth all
+things that are good or necessarie. Shee's her husband's solace, her
+house's ornament, her children's succor, and her seruant's comfort. Shee's
+(to be briefe) the eye of warinesse, the tongue of silence, the hand of
+labour, and the heart of loue. Her voice is musicke, her countenance
+meeknesse; her minde vertuous, and her soule gratious. Shee's a blessing
+giuen from God to man, a sweet companion in his affliction, and ioynt
+co-partner upon all occasions. Shee's (to conclude) earth's chiefest
+paragon, and will bee, when shee dyes, heauen's dearest creature."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DB] Mr. Steevens quotes an edition in 1606, but the preface expressly
+states, that they were composed in 1611.--"_Duo propemodum anni elapsi
+sunt, ex quo primum Epigrammata haec (qualiacunque) raptim et festinanter
+perficiebam_"--&c.
+
+[DC] _History of English Poetry_, iv. 73.
+
+[DD] _Censura Literaria_, iii. 387, 388.
+
+[DE] These consist of a ballad-maker; a tapster; a drunkard; a rectified
+young man; a young nouice's new yonger wife; a common fidler; a broker; a
+iouiall good fellow; a humourist; a malepart yong upstart; a scold; a good
+wife, and a selfe-conceited parcell-witty old dotard.
+
+
+
+
+ix. _Characters of Vertves and Vices. In two Bookes. By Ios. Hall.
+Imprinted at London, 1627._
+
+The above is copied from a separate title in the collected works of Bishop
+Hall, printed in folio, and dedicated to James the First. The book, I
+believe, originally appeared in 8vo. 1608[DF]. Of this edition I have in
+vain endeavoured to procure some information, although I cannot fancy it
+to be of any peculiar rarity.
+
+The volume contains a dedication to Edward Lord Denny, and James Lord Hay,
+a premonition of the title and use of characters, the proemes, eleven
+virtuous characters, and fifteen of a different discription. As Bishop
+Hall's collected works have so lately appeared in a new edition, and as
+Mr. Pratt[DG] proposes to add a life of the author in a subsequent volume,
+I shall forbear giving any specimen from the works or biographical notices
+of this amiable prelate, recommending the perusal of his excellent
+productions, to all who admire the combination of sound sense with
+unaffected devotion.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DF] See Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, 8vo. 1807, page 115, No. 3147.
+
+[DG] See the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for October, 1810, LXXXI. 317.
+
+
+
+
+x. _Micrologia. Characters, or Essayes, of Persons, Trades, and Places,
+offered to the City and Country. By R. M. Printed at London by T. C. for
+Michael Sparke, dwelling at the blue Bible, in Greene Arbor. 1629._
+
+[8vo. containing 56 pages, not numbered.]
+
+The characters in this volume are "A fantasticke taylor; a player; a
+shooe-maker; a rope-maker; a smith; a tobacconist; a cunning woman; a
+cobler; a tooth-drawer; a tinker; a fidler; a cunning horse-courser;
+Bethlem; Ludgate; Bridewell; (and) Newgate."--
+
+
+"A PLAYER.--(_Sign. B._ iii.)
+
+Is a volume of various conceits or epitome of time, who by his
+representation and appearance makes things long past seeme present. He is
+much like the compters in arithmeticke, and may stand one while for a
+king, another while a begger, many times as a mute or cypher. Sometimes
+hee represents that which in his life he scarse practises--to be an honest
+man. To the point, hee oft personates a rover, and therein comes neerest
+to himselfe. If his action prefigure passion, he raues, rages, and
+protests much by his painted heauens, and seemes in the heighth of this
+fit ready to pull Ioue out of the garret, where pershance hee lies leaning
+on his elbowes, or is imployed to make squips and crackers to grace the
+play. His audience are often-times iudicious, but his chiefe admirers are
+commonly young wanton chamber-maids, who are so taken with his posture and
+gay clothes, they neuer come to be their owne women after. Hee exasperates
+men's enormities in publike view, and tels them their faults on the stage,
+not as being sorry for them, but rather wishes still hee might finde more
+occasions to worke on. He is the generall corrupter of spirits, yet
+vntainted, inducing them by gradation to much lasciuious deprauity. He is
+a perspicuity of vanity in variety, and suggests youth to perpetrate such
+vices, as otherwise they had haply nere heard of. He is (for the most
+part) a notable hypocrite, seeming what he is not, and is indeed what hee
+seemes not. And if hee lose one of his fellow stroules, in the summer he
+turnes king of the gipsies: if not, some great man's protection is a
+sufficient warrant for his peregrination, and a meanes to procure him the
+town-hall, where hee may long exercise his qualities, with clown-claps of
+great admiration, in a tone sutable to the large eares of his illiterate
+auditorie. Hee is one seldome takes care for old age, because ill diet and
+disorder, together with a consumption, or some worse disease, taken vp in
+his full careere, haue onely chalked out his catastrophe but to a colon:
+and he scarsely suruiues to his naturall period of dayes."
+
+
+
+
+xi. _Whimzies: Or, A new Cast of Characters. Nova, non nota delectant.
+London, Printed by F. K. and are to be sold by Ambrose Rithirdon, at the
+signe of the Bull's-head, in Paul's Church-yard. 1631._
+
+[12mo. containing in all, pp. 280.]
+
+The dedication to this volume, which is inscribed to sir _Alexander
+Radcliffe_, is signed "_Clitus--Alexandrinus_;" the author's real name I
+am unable to discover. It contains twenty-four characters[DH], besides "_A
+cater-character, throwne out of a boxe by an experienced gamester_[DI];"
+and some lines "vpon the birth-day of his sonne Iohn," of which the
+first-will be sufficient to satisfy all curiosity.
+
+    "God blesse thee, Iohn,
+      And make thee such an one
+    That I may ioy
+      in calling thee my son.
+
+    Thou art my ninth,
+      and by it I divine
+    That thou shalt live
+      to love the Muses nine."--&c. &c.
+
+
+"A CORRANTO-COINER--(p. 15.)
+
+Is a state newes-monger; and his owne genius is his intelligencer. His
+mint goes weekely, and he coines monie by it. Howsoeuer, the more
+intelligent merchants doe jeere him, the vulgar doe admire him, holding
+his novels oracular: and these are usually sent for tokens or intermissiue
+curtsies betwixt city and countrey. Hee holds most constantly one forme or
+method of discourse. He retaines some militarie words of art, which hee
+shootes at randome; no matter where they hitt, they cannot wound any. He
+ever leaves some passages doubtfull, as if they were some more intimate
+secrecies of state, clozing his sentence abruptly with--_heereafter you
+shall heare more_. Which words, I conceive, he onely useth as baites, to
+make the appetite of the reader more eager in his next week's pursuit for
+a more satisfying labour. Some generall-erring relations he pickes up, as
+crummes or fragments, from a frequented ordinarie: of which shreads he
+shapes a cote to fit any credulous foole that will weare it. You shall
+never observe him make any reply in places of publike concourse; hee
+ingenuously acknowledges himselfe to bee more bounden to the happinesse of
+a retentive memory, than eyther ability of tongue, or pregnancy of
+conceite. He carryes his table-booke still about with him, but dares not
+pull it out publikely. Yet no sooner is the table drawne, than he turnes
+notarie; by which meanes hee recovers the charge of his ordinarie. Paules
+is his walke in winter; Moorfields[DJ] in sommer. Where the whole
+discipline, designes, projects, and exploits of the States, Netherlands,
+Poland, Switzer, Crimchan and all, are within the compasse of one
+quadrangle walke most judiciously and punctually discovered. But long he
+must not walke, lest hee make his newes-presse stand. Thanks to his good
+invention, he can collect much out of a very little: no matter though more
+experienced judgements disprove him; hee is anonymos, and that wil secure
+him. To make his reports more credible or, (which he and his stationer
+onely aymes at,) more vendible, in the relation of every occurrent he
+renders you the day of the moneth; and to approve himselfe a scholler, he
+annexeth these Latine parcells, or parcell-gilt sentences, _veteri stylo,
+novo stylo_. Palisados, parapets, counterscarfes, forts, fortresses,
+rampiers, bulwarks, are his usual dialect. Hee writes as if he would doe
+some mischiefe, yet the charge of his shot is but paper. Hee will
+sometimes start in his sleepe, as one affrighted with visions, which I can
+impute to no other cause but to the terrible skirmishes which he
+discoursed of in the day-time. He has now tyed himselfe apprentice to the
+trade of minting, and must weekly performe his taske, or (beside the losse
+which accrues to himselfe,) he disappoints a number of no small fooles,
+whose discourse, discipline, and discretion, is drilled from his
+state-service. These you shall know by their Mondai's morning question, a
+little before Exchange time; _Stationer, have you any newes?_ Which they
+no sooner purchase than peruse; and, early by next morning, (lest their
+countrey friend should be deprived of the benefit of so rich a prize,)
+they freely vent the substance of it, with some illustrations, if their
+understanding can furnish them that way. He would make you beleeve that
+hee were knowne to some forraine intelligence, but I hold him the wisest
+man that hath the least faith to beleeve him. For his relations he stands
+resolute, whether they become approved, or evinced for untruths; which if
+they bee, hee has contracted with his face never to blush for the matter.
+Hee holds especiall concurrence with two philosophicall sects, though hee
+bee ignorant of the tenets of either: in the collection of his
+observations, he is _peripateticall_, for hee walkes circularly; in the
+digestion of his relations he is _Stoicall_, and sits regularly. Hee has
+an alphabeticall table of all the chiefe commanders, generals, leaders,
+provinciall townes, rivers, ports, creekes, with other fitting materials
+to furnish his imaginary building. Whisperings, muttrings, and bare
+suppositions, are sufficient grounds for the authoritie of his relations.
+It is strange to see with what greedinesse this ayrie Chameleon, being all
+lungs and winde, will swallow a receite of newes, as if it were physicall:
+yea, with what frontlesse insinuation he will scrue himselfe into the
+acquaintance of some knowing _Intelligencers_, who, trying the cask by his
+hollow sound, do familiarly gull him. I am of opinion, were all his
+voluminous centuries of fabulous relations compiled, they would vye in
+number with the Iliads of many forerunning ages. You shall many times
+finde in his Gazettas, pasquils, and corrantos miserable distractions;
+here a city taken by force long before it bee besieged; there a countrey
+laid waste before ever the enemie entered. He many times tortures his
+readers with impertinencies, yet are these the tolerablest passages
+throughout all his discourse. He is the very landskip of our age. He is
+all ayre; his eare alwayes open to all reports, which, how incredible
+soever, must passe for currant, and find vent, purposely to get him
+currant money, and delude the vulgar. Yet our best comfort is, his
+chymeras live not long; a weeke is the longest in the citie, and after
+their arrival, little longer in the countrey; which past, they melt like
+_Butter_, or match a pipe, and so _Burne_[DK]. But indeede, most commonly
+it is the height of their ambition to aspire to the imployment of stopping
+mustard-pots, or wrapping up pepper, pouder, staves-aker, &c. which done,
+they expire. Now for his habit, Wapping and Long-lane will give him his
+character. Hee honours nothing with a more indeered observance, nor hugges
+ought with more intimacie than antiquitie, which he expresseth even in his
+cloathes. I have knowne some love fish best that smelled of the panyer;
+and the like humour reignes in him, for hee loves that apparele best that
+has a taste of the broker. Some have held him for a scholler, but trust
+mee such are in a palpable errour, for hee never yet understood so much
+Latine as to construe _Gallo-Belgicus_. For his librarie (his owne
+continuations excepted,) it consists of very few or no bookes. He holds
+himselfe highly engaged to his invention if it can purchase him victuals;
+for authors hee never converseth with them, unlesse they walke in Paules.
+For his discourse it is ordinarie, yet hee will make you a terrible
+repetition of desperate commanders, unheard of exployts; intermixing
+withall his owne personall service. But this is not in all companies, for
+his experience hath sufficiently informed him in this principle--that as
+nothing workes more on the simple than things strange and incredibly rare;
+so nothing discovers his weaknesse more among the knowing and judicious
+than to insist, by way of discourse, on reports above conceite. Amongst
+these, therefore, hee is as mute as a fish. But now imagine his lampe (if
+he be worth one,) to be neerely burnt out; his inventing genius wearied
+and surfoote with raunging over so many unknowne regions; and himselfe,
+wasted with the fruitlesse expence of much paper, resigning his place of
+weekly collections to another, whom, in hope of some little share, hee has
+to his stationer recommended, while he lives either poorely respected, or
+dyes miserably suspended. The rest I end with his owne cloze:--_Next weeke
+you shall heare more_."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DH] An almanack-maker; a ballad-monger; a corranto-coiner; a decoy; an
+exchange man; a forrester; a gamester; an hospitall-man; a iayler; a
+keeper; a launderer; a metall man; a neuter; an ostler; a post-master: a
+quest-man; a ruffian; a sailor; a trauller; an vnder sheriffe; a
+wine-soaker; a Xantippean; a yealous neighbour; a zealous brother.
+
+[DI] This _cater-character_, which possesses a separate title page,
+contains delineations of an apparator; a painter; a pedler; and a piper.
+
+[DJ] _Moorfields_ were a general promenade for the citizens of London,
+during the summer months. The ground was left to the city by Mary and
+Catherine, daughters of sir William Fines, a Knight of Rhodes, in the
+reign of Edward the Confessor. Richard Johnson, a poetaster of the
+sixteenth century, published in 1607, _The Pleasant Walkes of
+Moore-fields. Being the Guift of two Sisters, now beautified, to the
+continuing fame of this worthy Citty_. 4to. black-letter, of which Mr.
+Gough, (_Brit. Topog._) who was ignorant of the above, notices an
+impression in 1617.
+
+[DK] This is certainly intended as a pun upon the names of two
+news-venders or _corranto-coiners_ of the day. Nathaniel _Butter_, the
+publisher of "_The certain Newes of this present Week_," lived at the
+_Pyde-Bull_, St. Austin's-gate, and was the proprietor of several of the
+_intelligencers_, from 1622 to about 1640. Nicholas _Bourne_ was a joint
+partner with _Butter_ in _The Sweedish Intelligencer_, 4to. _Lond._ 1632.
+
+
+
+
+xii. _Picturae loquentes: or Pictures drawne forth in Characters. With a
+Poeme of a Maid. By Wye Saltonstall. Ne sutor ultra crepidam. London:
+Printed by T. Coles, &c. 1631. 12mo._
+
+I have copied the above title from an article in the _Censura
+Literaria_[DL], communicated by Mr. Park, of whose copious information,
+and constant accuracy on every subject connected with English literature,
+the public have many specimens before them.
+
+Saltonstall's[DM] _Characters_, &c. reached a second edition in 1635. A
+copy of this rare volume is in the possession of Mr. Douce, who, with his
+accustomed liberality, permitted my able and excellent friend, Mr. John
+James Park, to draw up the following account of it for the present volume.
+
+To "The Epistle dedicatory" of this impression, the initials (or such
+like) of dedicatee's name only are given, for, says the dedicator, "I know
+no fame can redound unto you by these meane essayes, which were written,
+_Ocium magis foventes, quam studentes gloriae_, as sheapheards play upon
+their oaten pipes, to recreate themselves, not to get credit."
+
+"To the Reader.--Since the title is the first leafe that cometh under
+censure, some, perhaps, will dislike the name of pictures, and say, I have
+no _colour_ for it, which I confesse, for these pictures are not drawne in
+colours, but in characters, representing to the eye of the minde divers
+severall professions, which, if they appeare more obscure than I coulde
+wish, yet I would have you know that it is not the nature of a character,
+to be as smooth as a bull-rush, but to have some fast and loose knots,
+which the ingenious reader may easily untie. The first picture is the
+description of a maide, which young men may read, and from thence learn to
+know, that vertue is the truest beauty. The next follow in their order,
+being set together in this _little_ book, that in winter you may reade
+them _ad ignem_, by the fire-side, and in summer _ad umbram_, under some
+shadie tree, and therewith passe away the tedious howres. So hoping of thy
+favourable censure, knowing that the least judicious are most ready to
+judge, I expose them to thy view, with Apelles motto, _Ne sutor, ultra
+crepidam_. Lastly, whether you like them, or leave them, yet the author
+bids you welcome.
+
+                                   "Thine as mine,
+
+                                                                 W.S."
+
+_The Original Characters are_,
+
+  1. The world.
+  2. An old man.
+  3. A woman.
+  4. A widdow.
+  5. A true lover.
+  6. A countrey bride.
+  7. A plowman.
+  8. A melancholy man.
+  9. A young heire.
+  10. A scholler in the university.
+  11. A lawyer's clarke.
+  12. A townsman in Oxford.
+  13. An usurer.
+  14. A wandering rogue.
+  15. A waterman.
+  16. A shepheard.
+  17. A jealous man.
+  18. A chamberlaine.
+  19. A mayde.
+  20. A bayley.
+  21. A countrey fayre.
+  22. A countrey alehouse.
+  23. A horse-race.
+  24. A farmer's daughter.
+  25. A keeper.
+  26. A gentleman's house in the countrey.
+
+_The Additions to the second Edition are_,
+
+  27. A fine dame.
+  28. A country dame.
+  29. A gardiner.
+  30. A captaine.
+  31. A poore village.
+  32. A merry man.
+  33. A scrivener.
+  34. The tearme.
+  35. A mower.
+  36. A happy man.
+  37. An arrant knave.
+  38. An old waiting gentlewoman.
+
+
+"THE TEARME
+
+Is a time when Justice keeps open court for all commers, while her sister
+Equity strives to mitigate the rigour of her positive sentence. It is
+called the Tearme, because it does end and terminate busines, or else
+because it is the _Terminus_ ad quem, that is, the end of the countrey
+man's journey, who comes up to the Tearme, and with his hobnayle shooes
+grindes the faces of the poore stones, and so returnes againe. It is the
+soule of the yeare, and makes it quicke, which before was dead. Inkeepers
+gape for it as earnestly as shelfish doe for salt water after a low ebbe.
+It sends forth new bookes into the world, and replenishes Paul's walke
+with fresh company, where _Quid novi?_ is their first salutation, and the
+weekely newes their chiefe discourse. The tavernes are painted against the
+tearme, and many a cause is argu'd there and try'd at that barre, where
+you are adjudg'd to pay the costs and charges, and so dismist with
+'welcome gentlemen.' Now the citty puts her best side outward, and a new
+play at the Blackfryers is attended on with coaches. It keepes watermen
+from sinking and helpes them with many a fare voyage to Westminster. Your
+choyse beauties come up to it onely to see and be seene, and to learne the
+newest fashion, and for some other recreations. Now monie that has beene
+long sicke and crasie, begins to stirre and walke abroad, especially if
+some young prodigalls come to towne, who bring more money than wit.
+Lastly, the tearme is the joy of the citty, a deare friend to countrymen,
+and is never more welcome than after a long vacation."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DL] Vol. 5, p. 372. Mr. Park says that the plan of the characters was
+undoubtedly derived from that of Overbury, but, he adds, the execution is
+greatly superior. Four stanzas from the poem entitled, _A Maid_, are
+printed in the same volume.
+
+[DM] An account of the author may be found in the _Athenae Oxon._ Vol. 1.
+col. 640.
+
+
+
+
+xiii. _London and Country corbonadoed and quartered into seuerall
+Characters. By Donald Lupton, 8vo. 1632._
+
+[See British Bibliographer, i. 464; and Brand's Sale Catalogue, page 66,
+No. 1754.]
+
+
+
+
+xiv. _Character of a Gentleman_, appended to Brathwait's _English
+Gentleman_, 4to. _London, by Felix Kyngston, &c. 1633._
+
+
+
+
+xv. "_A strange Metamorphosis of Man, transformed into a Wildernesse.
+Deciphered in Characters. London, Printed by Thomas Harper, and are to be
+sold by Lawrence Chapman at his shop in Holborne, 1634._"
+
+[12mo. containing pp. 296, not numbered.]
+
+This curious little volume has been noticed by Mr. Haslewood, in the
+_Censura Literaria_ (vii. 284.) who says, with justice, that a rich vein
+of humour and amusement runs through it, and that it is the apparent
+lucubration of a pen able to perform better things. Of the author's name I
+have been unable to procure the least intelligence.
+
+
+"THE HORSE (No. 16.)
+
+Is a creature made, as it were, in waxe. When Nature first framed him, she
+took a secret complacence in her worke. He is even her master-peece in
+irracionall things, borrowing somewhat of all things to set him forth. For
+example, his slicke bay coat hee tooke from the chesnut; his necke from
+the rainbow, which perhaps make him rain so wel. His maine belike he took
+from _Pegasus_, making him a hobbie to make this a compleat gennet[DN],
+which main he weares so curld, much after the women's fashions now adayes;
+this I am sure of howsoever, it becomes them, [and] it sets forth our
+gennet well. His legges he borrowed of the hart, with his swiftnesse,
+which makes him a true courser indeed. The starres in his forehead hee
+fetcht from heaven, which will not be much mist, there being so many. The
+little head he hath, broad breast, fat buttocke, and thicke tayle are
+properly his owne, for he knew not where to get him better. If you tell
+him of the hornes he wants to make him most compleat, he scornes the
+motion, and sets them at his heele. He is well shod especially in the
+upper leather, for as for his soles, they are much at reparation, and
+often faine to be removed. Nature seems to have spent an apprentiship of
+yeares to make you such a one, for it is full seven yeares ere hee comes
+to this perfection, and be fit for the saddle: for then (as we,) it seemes
+to come to the yeares of discretion, when he will shew a kinde of
+rationall judgement with him, and if you set an expert rider on his backe,
+you shall see how sensiblie they will talke together, as master and
+scholler. When he shall be no sooner mounted and planted in the seat with
+the reins in one hand, a switch in the other, and speaking with his
+spurres in the horse's flankes, a language he wel understands, but he
+shall prance, curvet, and dance the canaries[DO] halfe an houre together
+in compasse of a bushell, and yet still, as he thinkes, get some ground,
+shaking the goodly plume on his head with a comely pride. This will our
+Bucephalus do in the lists: but when hee comes abroad into the fields, hee
+will play the countrey gentleman as truly, as before the knight in
+turnament. If the game be up once, and the hounds in chase, you shall see
+how he will pricke up his eares streight, and tickle at the sport as much
+as his rider shall, and laugh so loud, that if there be many of them, they
+will even drowne the rurall harmony of the dogges. When he travels, of all
+innes he loves best the signe of the silver bell, because likely there he
+fares best, especially if hee come the first, and get the prize. He
+carries his eares upright, nor seldome ever lets them fall till they be
+cropt off, and after that, as in despight, will never weare them more. His
+taile is so essentiall to him, that if he loose it once hee is no longer
+an horse, but ever stiled a curtall. To conclude, he is a blade of
+Vulcan's forging, made for Mars of the best metall, and the post of Fame
+to carrie her tidings through the world, who, if he knew his own strength,
+would shrewdly put for the monarchie of our wildernesse."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DN] Mr. Steevens, in a note to Othello, explains a jennet to be a Spanish
+horse; but from the passage just given, I confess it appears to me to mean
+somewhat more. Perhaps a jennet was a horse kept solely for pleasure,
+whose mane was suffered to grow to a considerable length, and was then
+ornamented with platting, &c.--A hobby might answer to what we now term a
+_hogged_ poney.
+
+[DO] _The Canaries_ is the name of an old dance, freqnently alluded to in
+our early English plays. Shakspeare uses it in _All's well that ends
+well_--
+
+                             ----"I have seen a medicine,
+    That's able to breathe life into a stone;
+    Quicken a rock, and make you _dance canary_
+    With spritely fire and motion;"
+
+Sir John Hawkins, in his _History of Musick_, iv. 391. says that it occurs
+in the opera of _Dioclesian_, set to music by Purcell, and explains it to
+be "a very sprightly movement of two reprises, or strains, with eight bars
+in each: the time three quarters in a bar, the first pointed." I take this
+opportunity of mentioning, that among Dr. Rawlinson's MSS. in the
+Bodleian, [_Poet._ 108.] is a volume which contains a variety of figures
+of old dances, written, as I conjecture, between the years 1566 and 1580.
+Besides several others are the _pavyan_; _my Lord of Essex measures_;
+_tyntermell_; _the old allmayne_; _the longe pavian_; _quanto dyspayne_;
+_the nyne muses_, &c. As the pavian is mentioned by Shakspeare, in the
+_Merry Wives of Windsor_, and as the directions for dancing the figure
+have not been before discovered, I shall make no apology for offering them
+in the present note.
+
+
+"THE LONGE PAVIAN,
+
+ij singles, a duble forward; ij singles syde, a duble forward; rep[=i]nce
+backe once, ij singles syde, a duble forward, one single backe twyse, ij
+singles, a duble forward, ij singles syde, prerince backe once; ij singles
+syde, a duble forward, reprince backe twyse."
+
+
+
+
+xvi. _The true Character of an untrue Bishop; with a Recipe at the end how
+to recover a Bishop if hee were lost. London, printed in the yeare
+1641[DP]._
+
+[4to. pp. 10, besides title.]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DP] I have a faint recollection of a single character in a rare volume,
+entitled "_A Boulster Lecture_," &c. Lond. 1640.
+
+
+
+
+xvii. _Character of a Projector, by ---- Hogg. 4to. 1642._
+
+
+
+
+xviii. _Character of an Oxford Incendiary. Printed for Robert White in
+1643._ 4to.
+
+[Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, V. 469. edit. 1744.]
+
+
+
+
+xix. _The Reformado precisely charactered (with a frontispiece.)_
+
+[See the Sale Catalogue of George Steevens, Esq. 8vo. Lond. 1800. page 66.
+No. 1110.]
+
+
+
+
+xx. "_A new Anatomie, or Character of a Christian or Round-head.
+Expressing his Description, Excellencie, Happiness and Innocencie. Wherein
+may appear how far this blind world is mistaken in their unjust Censures
+of him. Virtus in Arduis. Proverbs xii. 26; and Jude 10_, quoted.)
+_Imprimatur John Downame. London, Printed for Robert Leybourne, and are to
+be sold at the Star, under Peter's Church in Corn-hill, 1645._ 8vo. pp.
+13.
+
+[In Ashmole's Museum.]
+
+
+
+
+xxi. In Lord North's _Forest of Varieties, London, Printed by Richard
+Cotes_, 1645, are several _Characters_, as lord Orford informs us, "in the
+manner of sir Thomas Overbury." _Royal and Noble Authors_, iii. 82. Of
+this volume a second edition appeared in 1659, neither of these, however,
+I have been able to meet with. For some account of the work, with
+extracts, see Brydges' _Memoirs of the Peers of England_, 8vo. _London._
+1802. page 343.
+
+
+
+
+xxii. _Characters and Elegies[DQ]. By Francis Wortley, Knight and Baronet.
+Printed in the yeere 1646._" 4to.
+
+The characters are as follow:
+
+1. The character of his royall majestie; 2. The character of the queene's
+majestie; 3. The hopeful prince; 4. A true character of the illustrious
+James Duke of York; 5. The character of a noble general; 6. A true English
+protestant; 7. An antinomian, or anabaptisticall independent; 8. A
+jesuite; 9. The true character of a northerne lady, as she is wife,
+mother, and sister; 10. The politique neuter; 11. The citie paragon; 12. A
+sharking committee-man; 13. Britanicus his pedigree--a fatall prediction
+of his end; 14. The Phoenix of the Court.
+
+_Britanicus his Pedigree--a fatall Prediction of his End._
+
+I dare affirme him a Jew by descent, and of the tribe of Benjamin,
+lineally descended from the first King of the Jewes, even Saul, or at best
+he ownes him and his tribe, in most we reade of them. First, of our
+English tribes, I conceive his father's the lowest, and the meanest of
+that tribe, stocke, or generation, and the worst, how bad soever they be;
+melancholy he is, as appeares by his sullen and dogged wit; malicious as
+Saul to David, as is evident in his writings; he wants but Saul's javelin
+to cast at him; he as little spares the king's friends with his pen, as
+Saul did Jonathan his sonne in his reproach; and would be as free of his
+javelin as his pen, were his power sutable to his will, as Ziba did to
+Mephibosheth, so does he by the king, he belies him as much to the world,
+as he his master to David, and in the day of adversitie is as free of his
+tongue as Shimei was to his soveraigne, and would be as humble as he, and
+as forward to meet the king as he was David, should the king returne in
+peace. Abithaes there cannot want to cut off the dog's head, but David is
+more mercifull then Shimei can be wicked; may he first consult with the
+witch of Endor, but not worthy of so noble a death as his own sword, die
+the death of Achitophel for feare of David, then may he be hang'd up as
+the sonnes of Saul were against the sunne, or rather as the Amelekites who
+slew Isbosheth, and brought tidings and the tokens of the treason to
+David; may his hands and his feet be as sacrifices cut off, and so pay for
+the treasons of his pen and tongue; may all heads that plot treasons, all
+tongues that speake them, all pens that write them, be so punisht. If
+Sheba paid his head for his tongue's fault, what deserves Britannicus to
+pay for his pen and trumpet? Is there never a wise woman in London? we
+have Abishaes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Francis Wortley, was the son of Sir Richard Wortley, of Wortley, in
+Yorkshire, knight. At the age of seventeen he became a commoner of
+Magdalen College, Oxford; in 1610 he was knighted, and on the 29th of June
+in the following year, was created a baronet; being then, as Wood says,
+esteemed an ingenious gentleman. During the civil wars he assisted the
+royal cause, by raising a troop of horse in the king's service; but at
+their conclusion he was taken prisoner, and confined in the tower of
+London, where it seems he composed the volume just noticed. In the
+_Catalogue of Compounders_ his name appears as "of Carleton, Yorkshire,"
+and from thence we learn that he paid 500_l._ for his remaining property.
+In the _Athenae Oxonienses_ may be found a list of his works, but I have
+been unable to trace the date of his decease. Mr. Granger says that "Anne,
+his daughter, married the second son of the first Earl of Sandwich, who
+took the name of Wortley," and adds that the late Countess of Bute was
+descended from him. _Biographical History_, ii. 310.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DQ] The Elegies, according to Wood, are upon the loyalists who lost their
+lives in the king's service, at the end of which are epitaphs.
+
+
+
+
+xxiii. _The Times anatomiz'd, in severall Characters. By T. F_[ord,
+seruant to Mr. Sam. Man[DR].] _Difficile est Satyram non scribere. Juv.
+Sat. 1. London, Printed for W. L. Anno 1647._"
+
+[12mo. in the British Museum.]
+
+_The Contents of the severall Characters._
+
+  1. A good king.
+  2. Rebelion.
+  3. An honest subject.
+  4. An hypocritical convert of the times.
+  5. A souldier of fortune.
+  6. A discontented person.
+  7. An ambitious man.
+  8. The vulgar.
+  9. Errour.
+  10. Truth.
+  11. A selfe-seeker.
+  12. Pamphlets.
+  13. An envious man.
+  14. True valour.
+  15. Time.
+  16. A newter.
+  17. A turn-coat.
+  18. A moderate man.
+  19. A corrupt committee-man.
+  20. A sectary.
+  21. Warre.
+  22. Peace.
+  23. A drunkard.
+  24. A novice-preacher.
+  25. A scandalous preacher.
+  26. A grave divine.
+  27. A selfe-conceited man.
+  29. Religion.
+  30. Death.
+
+
+"PAMPHLETS
+
+Are the weekly almanacks, shewing what weather is in the state, which,
+like the doves of Aleppo, carry news to every part of the kingdom. They
+are the silent traytors that affront majesty, and abuse all authority,
+under the colour of an _Imprimatur_. Ubiquitary flies that have of late so
+blistered the eares of all men, that they cannot endure any solid truth.
+The ecchoes, whereby what is done in part of the kingdome, is heard all
+over. They are like the mushromes, sprung up in a night, and dead in a
+day; and such is the greedinesse of men's natures (in these Athenian
+dayes) of new, that they will rather feigne then want it."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DR] (MS. interlineation in a copy among the King's pamphlets.)
+
+
+
+
+xxiv. _Character of a London Diurnal_, 4to. 1647. [This was written by
+Cleveland, and has been printed in the various editions of his poems.]
+
+
+
+
+xxv. _Character of an Agitator. Printed in the Yeare 1647. 4to. pp. 7._
+
+This concludes with the following epitome--"Hee was begotten of Lilburne
+(with Overton's helpe) in Newgate, nursed up by Cromwell, at first by the
+army, tutored by Mr. Peters, counselled by Mr. Walwin and Musgarve,
+patronised by Mr. Martin, (who sometimes sits in counsell with them,
+though a member) and is like to dye no where but at Tyburne, and that
+speedily, if hee repent not and reforme his erronious judgement, and his
+seditious treasonable practises against king, parliament, and martiall
+discipline itselfe. Finis."
+
+
+
+
+xxvi. In Mr. Brand's Sale Catalogue, No. 1754, we have _The Surfeit to
+A.B.C._ 8vo. Lond. 1656, which is there represented to consist of
+_Characters_.
+
+
+
+
+xxvii. _Characters of a Temporizer and an Antiquary._ [In "_Naps upon
+Parnassus_," 8vo. 1658. See the Censura Literaria, vol. vi. p. 225; vol.
+vii. p. 341.]
+
+
+
+
+xxviii. _Satyrical Characters, and handsom Descriptions, in Letters_, 8vo.
+1658. [Catalogue of Thomas Britton the Small Coal Man, 4to, p. 19. No.
+102.]
+
+
+
+
+xxix. _A Character of England, as it was lately presented in a Letter to a
+Noble-man of France. With Reflections upon Gallus Castratus. The third
+Edition. London. Printed for John Crooke, and are to be sold at the Ship
+in St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1659._
+
+(12mo. pp. 66, title and preface 20 more.)
+
+This very severe satire upon the English nation was replied to in the
+following publication.
+
+
+
+
+xxx. _A Character of France, to which is added Gallus Castratus, or an
+Answer to a late slanderous Pamphlet, called the Character of England. Si
+talia nefanda et facinora quis non Democritus? London, Printed for Nath.
+Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1659._
+
+
+
+
+xxxi. _A perfect Description of the People and Country of Scotland.
+London. Printed for J. S. 1659._
+
+(12mo. pp. 21. besides the title.)
+
+
+
+
+xxxii. _A brief Character of the Low Countries under the States, being
+Three Weeks Observation of the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants. Non
+seria semper. London, printed for H. S. and are to be sold by H. Lowndes,
+at the White Lion in St. Paul's Church Yard, neer the little North Door,
+1659._
+
+(12mo. pp. 500. title, &c. 6 more.)
+
+Written by Owen Feltham, and appended to the several folio editions of his
+_Resolves_.
+
+
+
+
+xxxiii. _The Character of Italy: Or, The Italian Anatomiz'd by an English
+Chirurgion. Difficile est Satyram non scribere. London: Printed for Nath.
+Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhil. 1660._
+
+[12mo. pp. 93, title and preface 12 more.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxiv. _The Character of Spain: Or, An Epitome of Their Virtues and
+Vices._
+
+    ---- _Adeo sunt multa, loquacem
+    Ut lassare queant Fabium._
+
+_London: Printed for Nath. Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhil. 1660._
+
+[12mo. pp. 93, title, &c. 12 more.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxv. _Essayes and Characters, by L. G._ 8vo. 1661.
+
+[See Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, No. 1754.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxvi. _The Assembly-man. Written in the Year 1647. London: Printed for
+Richard Marriot, and are to be sold at his shop under St. Dunstan's
+Church, in Fleet-street, 1662-3[DS]._
+
+[4to. pp. 22.]
+
+Sir John Birkenhead was the author of this character, which was printed
+again in 1681, and in 1704 with the following title, "_The Assembly-man.
+Written in the Year 1647; but proves the true character of (Cerberus) the
+observator_, MDCCIV." It was also reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_,
+v. 93. For an account of the author, see the _Biographia Britannica_,
+edit. Kippis, ii. 324.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DS] With a very curious and rare frontispiece.
+
+
+
+
+xxxvii. _Fifty-five[DT] Enigmatical Characters, all very exactly drawn to
+the Life, from several Persons, Humours, Dispositions. Pleasant and full
+of Delight. By R. F. Esq.; London: Printed for William Crook, at the sign
+of the Three Bibles on Fleet-bridge. 1665[DU]._"
+
+[8vo. pp. 135, title, index, &c. not numbered, 11 more.]
+
+Richard Flecknoe, the author of these characters, is more known from
+having his name affixed to one of the severest satires ever written by
+Dryden, than from any excellence of his own as a poet or dramatic writer.
+Mr. Reed conceives him to have been a Jesuit, and Pope terms him an Irish
+priest. Langbaine says, that "his acquaintance with the nobility was more
+than with the muses, and he had a greater propensity to rhyming, than a
+genius to poetry." As a proof of the former assertion the Duke of
+Newcastle prefixed two copies of verses to his characters, in which he
+calls Flecknoe "his worthy friend," and says:
+
+    "Flecknoe, thy characters are so full of wit
+    And fancy, as each word is throng'd with it.
+    Each line's a volume, and who reads would swear
+    Whole libraries were in each character.
+    Nor arrows in a quiver stuck, nor yet
+    Lights in the starry skies are thicker set,
+    Nor quills upon the armed porcupine,
+    Than wit and fancy in this work of thine.
+
+    W. Newcastle."
+
+To confirm the latter, requires only the perusal of his verses, which were
+published in 1653, under the title of _Miscellania_. Besides these, he
+wrote five[DV] dramatic pieces, the titles of which may be found in the
+_Biographia Dramatica_; a collection of _Epigrams_, 8vo. 1670; _Ten Years
+Travels in Europe.--A short Discourse of the English Stage_, affixed to
+_Love's Dominion_, 8vo. 1654; _The Idea of his Highness Oliver, late Lord
+Protector, &c._ 8vo. 1659. &c. &c.[DW]
+
+
+"CHARACTER OF A VALIANT MAN."--(page 61.)
+
+"He is onely a man; your coward and rash being but tame and savage beasts.
+His courage is still the same, and drink cannot make him more valiant, nor
+danger lesse. His valour is enough to leaven whole armies, he is an army
+himself worth an army of other men. His sword is not alwayes out like
+children's daggers, but he is alwayes last in beginning quarrels, though
+first in ending them. He holds honour (though delicate as chrystall) yet
+not so slight and brittle to be broak and crackt with every touch;
+therefore (though most wary of it,) is not querilous nor punctilious. He
+is never troubled with passion, as knowing no degree beyond clear courage,
+and is alwayes valiant, but never furious. He is the more gentle i' th'
+chamber, more fierce he's in the field, holding boast (the coward's
+valour,) and cruelty (the beast's,) unworthy a valiant man. He is only
+coward in this, that he dares not do an unhandsome action. In fine, he can
+onely be evercome by discourtesie, and has but one deffect--he cannot talk
+much--to recompence which he dos the more."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DT] I omit to particularize these characters, as many of the titles are
+extremely long--"of a lady of excellent conversation. Of one that is the
+foyle of good conversation." &c. &c.
+
+[DU] Mr. Reed possessed a copy, dated in 1658. See his _Catalogue_, No.
+2098.
+
+[DV] Langbaine notices a prologue intended for a play, called _The
+Physician against his Will_, which he thinks was never published. A MS.
+note in my copy of the _Dramatic Poets_, says it was printed in 1712.
+
+[DW] The Bodleian library contains "_The Affections of a pious Soule, unto
+our Saviour-Christ. Expressed in a mixed treatise of verse and prose. By
+Richard Flecknoe._" 8vo. 1640. This I can scarcely consent to give to
+_Mac_ Flecknoe, as in the address "To the Town Reader," the author informs
+us that, "ashamed of the many idle hours he has spent, and to avoid the
+expence of more, he has retired from the town"--and we are certain that
+_Mac_ resided there long after.
+
+
+
+
+xxxviii. _The Character of a Coffee-house, with the symptoms of a
+Town-witt. With Allowance. April 11, 1673. London, Printed for Jonathan
+Edwin, at the Three Roses in Ludgate-street, 1673._
+
+[Folio, reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, with an answer to it, vol.
+vi. 429-433.]
+
+
+
+
+xxxix. _Essays of Love and Marriage: Being Letters written by two
+Gentlemen, one dissuading from Love, the other an Answer thereunto. With
+some Characters, and other Passages of Wit._
+
+    ---- _Si quando gravabere curis,
+    Haec lege, pro moestae medicamine mentis habeto._
+
+_London, Printed for H. Brome, at the Gun in St. Paul's Church-yard,
+1673._
+
+[12mo. pp. 103, title, &c. 4 more.]
+
+
+
+
+xl. _The Character of a Fanatick. By a Person of Quality. London. 1675._
+
+[4to. pp. 8. Reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, vii. 596.]
+
+  xli. _Character of a Towne Gallant  }
+  of a Towne Miss                       }
+  of an honest drunken Curr             }
+  of a pilfering Taylor                 }
+  of an Exchange Wench                  }
+  of a Sollicitor                       } 1675.
+  of a Scold                            }
+  of an ill Husband                     }
+  of a Dutchman                         }
+  of a Pawnbroker                       }
+  of a Tally Man_                    }
+
+[4to. See _Sale Catalogue_ of George Steevens, Esq. 8vo. London, 1800,
+page 66, No. 1110.]
+
+
+
+
+xlii. _A Whip for a Jockey: or, a Character of an Horse-courser. 1677.
+London, Printed for R. H. 1677._
+
+[8vo. pp. 29.]
+
+
+
+
+xliii. _Four for a Penny, or Poor Robin's Character of an unconscionable
+Pawnbroker, and Ear-mark of an oppressing Tally-man; with a friendly
+Description of a Bum-bailey, and his merciless setting cur, or follower.
+With Allowance. London, Printed for L. C. 1678._
+
+[4to. reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, vol. iv. p. 141.]
+
+
+
+
+xliv. _Character of an ugly Woman: or, a Hue and Cry after Beauty_, in
+prose, written (by the Duke of Buckingham) in 1678. See Lord Orford's
+_Royal and Noble Authors_, by Park, iii. 309.
+
+
+
+
+xlv. _Character of a disbanded Courtier. Ingenium Galbae male habitat.
+1681._
+
+[Folio, pp. 2. Reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, i. 356.]
+
+
+
+
+xlvi. _Character of a certain ugly old P----. London, Printed in the Year
+1684._
+
+[In Oldham's _Works_, 8vo. London, 1684.]
+
+
+
+
+xlvii. _Twelve ingenious Characters: or pleasant Descriptions of the
+Properties of sundry Persons and Things, viz._
+
+_An importunate dunn; a serjeant or bailiff; a paunbroker; a prison; a
+tavern; a scold; a bad husband; a town-fop; a bawd; a fair and happy
+milk-maid; the quack's directory; a young enamourist._
+
+_Licensed, June the 2d, 1681. R. P. London, printed for S. Norris, and are
+to be sold by most booksellers, 1686._
+
+[12mo. pp. 48.]
+
+
+
+
+xlviii. _Character of a Trimmer. By Sir William Coventry. 1689._
+
+[4to. See _Bibliotheca Harleiana_, v. 4278.]
+
+This was written long before publication, as is proved by the following.
+
+
+
+
+xlix. _Character of a Tory in 1659, in answer to that of a Trimmer (never
+published) both written in King Charles's reign._
+
+[Reprinted in the _Works of George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham_.
+4to. Lond. 1721.]
+
+
+
+
+l. _Characters addressed to Ladies of Age._ 8vo. _Lond._ 1689.
+
+[Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, p. 66, No. 1747.]
+
+
+
+
+li. _The Ceremony-monger, his Character, in six Chapters, &c. &c. By E.
+Hickeringill, Rector of the Rectory of All-Saints, in Colchester. London,
+Printed and are to be sold by George Larkin, at the Two Swans, without
+Bishopsgate. 1689._
+
+[4to. pp. 66.]
+
+
+
+
+lii. _Character of a Jacobite. 1690._
+
+[4to. See _Bibl. Harl._ v. No. 4279.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following are without date, but were probably printed before 1700[DX].
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DX] In Butler's _Remains_, published by Thyer, 2 vols. 8vo. 1759, are
+several _Characters_ by the author of _Hudibras_, and consequently written
+previously to this date, but as they do not appear to have been printed so
+early, they cannot, with propriety, be included in this list.
+
+
+
+
+liii. _Character of an Ill-court-favourite, translated from the French._
+
+[4to. reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, ii. 50.]
+
+
+
+
+liv. _Character of an honest and worthy Parliament-Man._
+
+[Folio, reprinted in the _Harleian Miscellany_, ii. 336.]
+
+
+
+
+lv. _Characterism, or the Modern Age displayed._
+
+[Brand's _Sale Catalogue_, No. 1757.]
+
+
+_Character of the Presbyterian Pastors and People of Scotland._
+
+[_Bibl. Harleiana_, v. No. 4280.]
+
+
+
+
+vii. _Character of a compleat Physician or Naturalist[DY]._
+
+[_Bibl. Harleiana_, v. No. 4304.]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DY] In the extracts made from the foregoing series of _Characters_, the
+original orthography has been most scrupulously attended to, in order to
+assist in shewing the progress and variation of the English language.
+
+
+
+
+ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS.
+
+
+    Page 2, line 18, for _ports_ read _sports_.
+
+    4, line 9, "_table-book._" The custom of writing in
+    table-books, or, as it was then expressed, "in tables,"
+    is noticed, and instances given in Reed's _Shakspeare_,
+    vi, 13. xii, 170. xviii, 88. Dr. Farmer adduces a
+    passage very applicable to the text, from Hall's
+    character of the _hypocrite_. "He will ever sit where he
+    may be seene best, and in the midst of the sermon pulles
+    out his _tables_ in haste, as if he feared to loose that
+    note," &c. Decker, in his _Guls Hornebooke_, page 8,
+    speaking to his readers, says, "out with your _tables_,"
+    &c.
+
+    6, note 6.--This is also mentioned in _Whimzies_, 8vo.
+    1631, p. 57. "Hee must now betake himself to prayer and
+    devotion; _remember the founder, benefactors, head, and
+    members of that famous foundation_: all which he
+    performes with as much zeale as an actor after the end
+    of a play, when hee prayes for his majestie, the lords
+    of his most honourable privie councell, and all that
+    love the king."
+
+    13, note 10.--From a subsequent edition, obligingly
+    pointed out to me by the rev. Mr. arch-deacon Nares, I
+    find that this also is a translation: _Regimen Sanitatis
+    Salerni. This booke teachyng all people to gouerne the
+    in health, is translated out of the Latine tongue into
+    Englishe, by Thomas Paynell, whiche booke is amended,
+    augmented, and diligently imprinted. 1575._ Colophon. [P]
+    _Jmprynted at London, by Wyllyam How, for Abraham
+    Ueale._ The preface says, that it was compiled for the
+    use "of the moste noble and victorious kynge of England,
+    and of Fraunce, by all the doctours in Phisicke of the
+    Uniuersitie of Salerne."
+
+    17, line 17, "_door-posts_."--It was usual for public
+    officers to have painted or gilded posts at their doors,
+    on which proclamations, and other documents of that
+    description, were placed, in order to be read by the
+    populace. See various allusions to this custom, in
+    Reed's _Shakspeare_, v. 267. _Old Plays_, iii. 303. The
+    _reformation_ means that they were, in the language of
+    our modern churchwardens, "repaired and beautified,"
+    during the reign of our alderman.
+
+    45, line 11, for _Gollobelgicus_ read _Gallobelgicus_.
+
+    47, line 15. "_post and pair_" was a game at cards, of
+    which I can give no description. The author of the
+    _Compleat Gamester_ notices it as "very much played in
+    the West of England." See Dodsley's _Old Plays_, 1780.
+    vii. 296.
+
+    48, line 12--"_guarded with more gold lace_." The word
+    _guarded_ is continually used by the writers of the
+    sixteenth century for _fringed_ or _adorned_. See Reed's
+    _Shakspeare_, vii. 272. _Old Plays_, iv. 36.
+
+    59, line 15, "_clout_." Shakspeare (Cymbeline, act iv.
+    scene 2.) uses the expression of _clouted brogues_,
+    which Mr. Steevens explains to be "shoes strengthened
+    with _clout_ or _hob-nails_."
+
+    63, line 9, "_dragon that pursued the woman._" Evidently
+    an allusion to _Revelations_, xii. 15.
+
+    91, note 8, line 15, for _Styla_ read _Hyla_ in both
+    instances.
+
+    92, note 10, line 5, for _Leiden_ read _Leyden_.
+
+    117, line 3, "Their humanity is a _leg to the
+    residencer_." A _leg_ here signifies a _bow_. Decker
+    says, "a jewe neuer weares his cap threedbare with
+    putting it off; neuer bends i' th' hammes with _casting
+    away a leg_, &c." _Guls Hornebooke._ p. 11.
+
+    182, note 1, for _spunge_ read _sponge_.
+
+    208, line 4, for _spera_ read _spero_.
+
+    ib. line 30, for _conjesta_ read _congesta_.
+
+    ib. line 31, for _susuperavit_ read _superavit_.
+
+    231, line 11, for _Jude_ read _Inde_: for _ferucat_ read
+    _ferueat_.
+
+    245, line 7, for _whosc_ read _whose_.
+
+Several errors and inaccuracies of less consequence than those here
+pointed out, will probably be discovered. These were occasioned by the
+editor's distance from the press, and he requests the gentle reader to
+pardon and correct them.
+
+[Transcriber's note:
+Despite a valiant effort to the contrary some additional transcription
+errors may have slipped through during the preparation of this e-text.
+We can't blame the distance between the editor and the press.
+Please forward any corrections to Project Gutenberg errata.]
+
+
+The _Inscription_, No. x. of the _Appendix_, should have been entirely
+omitted. The following extract from Guillim's _Heraldry_, shews that
+Bishop Earle could not have been connected with the Streglethorp family,
+since, if he had, there would have been no occasion for a new grant of
+armorial bearings.
+
+    "He beareth _ermine_, on a chief indented sable, three
+    eastern crowns or, by the name of _Earles_. This coat
+    was granted by _Sir Edward Walker_, garter, the 1st of
+    August, 1660, to the Reverend Dr. _John Earles_, son of
+    _Thomas Earles_, gent, sometime Register of the
+    Archbishop's Court at York. He was Dean of
+    _Westminster_, and Clerk of the Closet to his Majesty
+    King _Charles_ the Second; and in the year 1663, made
+    Bishop of _Salisbury_."
+
+    Guillim's _Heraldry_, folio. Lond. 1724. p. 282.
+
+It is almost unnecessary to add that I was not aware of this grant, when I
+compiled the short account of Earle, at page 186, and spoke of my
+inability to give any information relative to his parents.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+  Abishaes, 266.
+
+  Abithaes, 266.
+
+  Abraham-man, 221.
+
+  Achitophel, 266.
+
+  Acquaintance, Character of, 144.
+
+  Aeneas, 147.
+
+  Affected man, character of, 169.
+
+  _Affections of a pious Soule_, by Richard Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Alderman, character of, 16.
+
+  Aleppo, 268.
+
+  Alexis of Piedmont, 12.
+
+  Alfred, king, 4.
+
+  Allmayne, 262.
+
+  _All's well that ends well_, by Shakspeare, 262.
+
+  Allot, Robert, li.
+
+  Almanack in the bones, 37.
+
+  Alresford, Hampshire, 211.
+
+  Ames, Mr. lx, 220, 228.
+
+  Amsterdam, 90.
+
+  _Anatomy of Melancholly_, by Burton, 46, 73, 228.
+
+  Angglear, 221.
+
+  Antem-morte, 222.
+
+  Antiquary, character of, 20.
+
+  Aristophanes, 205.
+
+  Aristotle, 9, 30.
+
+  Arminian, 30.
+
+  Arminius, 114.
+
+  Ashmole's Museum, Oxford, 198, 264.
+
+  Atkinson, Mr. 211.
+
+  Atkyns, Sir Robert, 40.
+
+  _Athenae Oxonienses_, by Wood, l, 212, 257, 267.
+
+  Attorney, character of, 93.
+
+  Austin, 113.
+
+  Awdeley, John, 228.
+
+
+  Baal, priests of, 87.
+
+  Babel, tower of, 21, 104.
+
+  Bagster, Richard, 213.
+
+  Baker, character of a, 111.
+
+  Bales, Peter, 5.
+
+  Bardolph, 105.
+
+  Barnes, John, 74.
+
+  Barnes, Juliana, 50.
+
+  Barrington, Daines, 32.
+
+  Barton, Elizabeth, 109.
+
+  Barwick, Dr. 191. _Life of_, 191.
+
+  Bawdy-basket, 222.
+
+  Bayle, 91.
+
+  Beaumont, Francis, 197, 203, 204, 205.
+
+  _Beau's Duel_, by Mrs. Centlivre, 82.
+
+  Bedford, Earl of, 12.
+
+  Bellarmine, Cardinal, 6, 90.
+
+  _Belman of London_, by Decker, 221.
+    Copy, with Burton's MS. notes, 228.
+
+  Benar, 227.
+
+  Bene, 225.
+
+  Benjamin, 265.
+
+  Benjamin's mess, 109.
+
+  Bessus, 205.
+
+  Bethlem, 249.
+
+  _Bible_, printed at Geneva, 3.
+
+  _Bibliographia Poetica_, by Ritson, 237.
+
+  _Bibliotheca Harleiana_, 276, 277, 278.
+
+  _Biographia Britannica_, 271.
+
+  _Biographia Dramatica_, 272.
+
+  Birkenhead, Sir John, 271.
+
+  Bishopstone, 188, 190.
+
+  Blackfriar's, play at, 259.
+
+  Blomefield's _History of Norfolk_, 217.
+
+  Blount, Edward, xlix, l, li, lx.
+
+  Blount, Ralph, lx.
+
+  Blunt man, character of, 119.
+
+  Bobadil, 105.
+
+  Bodleian Library, Oxford, 73, 198, 199, 228, 231, 262, 273.
+
+  _Boke of hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshinge_, 50.
+
+  Bold forward man, character of, 108.
+
+  Bong, 227.
+
+  Books, mode of placing them in old libraries, 66.
+
+  Bord, 226.
+
+  Borgia, 79.
+
+  Bouge, 225.
+
+  _Boulster, Lecture_, 263.
+
+  Bourne, Nicholas, 255.
+
+  Bouse, 225, 226.
+
+  Bousing-ken, 227.
+
+  Bowl-alley, character of, 76.
+
+  Brachigraphy, 5.
+
+  Brand, Mr. 230, 260, 269, 271, 277, 278.
+
+  Bread used in England in the sixteenth century, 47.
+
+  Breeches, 3.
+
+  Breton, captain, 237.
+
+  Breton, Nicholas, 14, 198, 236, 237.
+    _Life of_, 237
+
+  _Breton's Longing_, 237.
+
+  Bridewell, 249.
+
+  Britannicus, his pedigree, 265.
+
+  _British Bibliographer_, by Brydges, 228, 260.
+
+  British Museum, li, 267.
+
+  _British Topography_, by Gough, an addition to, 253.
+
+  Britton, Thomas, 269.
+
+  Brownist, 87.
+
+  Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, 228, 237, 264.
+
+  Bucephalus, 262.
+
+  Bukingham, duke of, 199, 276, 277.
+
+  Bullen, earl of, 163.
+
+  Burford, Oxfordshire, 211.
+
+  Burroughs, Sir John, 197.
+    _Lines on_, 199, 200.
+
+  Burton, Robert, 46, 73, 228.
+
+  Butler, Samuel, 277.
+
+  Butter, Nathaniel, 255.
+
+  Buttery, 127.
+
+  Byng, 227.
+
+
+  C. F. 232.
+
+
+  Caeling cheat, 226.
+
+  Caesar, 20.
+
+  Caesars, the, 124.
+
+  Calais sands, 81, 82.
+
+  Cambridge, 161.
+
+  Camden, 72.
+
+  Canaries, a dance, 262.
+
+  Canary, 36, 37.
+
+  Cant phrases, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227.
+
+  Capel, Mr. 229.
+
+  Carrier, character of a, 40.
+
+  Carte, 199.
+
+  Casaubon, 114.
+
+  Cassan, 226.
+
+  Cassel, siege of, 28.
+
+  _Catalogue of Compounders for their Estates_, 266.
+
+  Cato, 62, 154.
+
+  _Caveat for Commen Cursetors_, 219.
+
+  _Censura Literaria_, 229, 236, 237, 256, 260, 269.
+
+  Centlivre, Mrs. 82.
+
+  Centoes, 72.
+
+  _Century of Inventions_, by the Marquis of Worcester, 33.
+
+  Cerberus, 271.
+
+  Chalmers, Mr. 46.
+
+  Cham, 136.
+
+  Chandler, R. lii.
+
+  _Character of an agitator_, 268.
+
+  _Character of an antiquary_, 269.
+
+  _Character of an assemblyman_, 271.
+
+  _Character of an untrue bishop_, 263.
+
+  _Character of a ceremony-monger_, 277.
+
+  _Character of a coffee-house_, 274.
+
+  _Character of a disbanded courtier_, 276.
+
+  _Character of an ill-court-favourite_, 277.
+
+  _Character of an honest drunken cur_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a Dutchman_, 275.
+
+  _Character of England_, 269.
+
+  _Character of an exchange-wench_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a fanatic_, 274.
+
+  _Character of France_, 269.
+
+  _Character of a town-gallant_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a horse-courser_, 275.
+
+  _Character of an ill husband_, 275.
+
+  _Character of the hypocrite_, 279.
+
+  _Character of a Jacobite_, 277.
+
+  _Character of Italy_, 270.
+
+  _Character of a London diurnal_, 268.
+
+  _Character of the Low Countries_, 270.
+
+  _Character of an Oxford incendiary_, 263.
+
+  _Character of a certain ugly old P----_, 276.
+
+  _Character of an honest and worthy parliament man_, 278.
+
+  _Character of a pawn-broker_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a complete physician, or naturalist_, 278.
+
+  _Character of the Presbyterian pastors and people of Scotland_, 278.
+
+  _Character of a projector_, 263.
+
+  _Character of a scold_, 275.
+
+  _Character of Scotland_, 270.
+
+  _Character of a solicitor_, 275.
+
+  _Character of Spain_, 270.
+
+  _Character of a tally-man_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a pilfering taylor_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a temporizer_, 269.
+
+  _Character of a tory_, 277.
+
+  _Character of a town miss_, 275.
+
+  _Character of a trimmer_, 276.
+
+  _Character of an ugly woman_, 276.
+
+  Characters: List of books containing characters, 219.
+
+  Characters, by Butler, 277.
+
+  _Characters and Elegies_, by Wortley, 265.
+
+  _Characters upon Essaies_, 236.
+
+  _Characters addressed to Ladies_, 277.
+
+  _Characters of virtues and vices, by bishop Hall_, 248.
+
+  _Characterism, or the modern age displayed_, 278.
+
+  _Characters, twelve ingenious; or pleasant descriptions_, 276.
+
+  Charles I. 190, 191, 193, 218, 277.
+
+  Charles II. 190, 191, 193, 207, 282.
+
+  Charles, Prince, 189.
+
+  Chates, 227.
+
+  Chaucer, 12, 99, 137, 206.
+
+  Cheap, cross in, 163.
+
+  Chess-play, verses on, by Breton, 240.
+
+  Chete, 226.
+
+  Child, character of, 1.
+
+  Christ-church, Oxford, 187, 191.
+
+  Christmas, 150.
+
+  Chuck, 162.
+
+  Church-papist, character of, 27.
+
+  _Cinthia's Revenge_, by Stephens, 231.
+
+  Citizen, character of a mere gull, 160.
+
+  _City Match_, by Mayne, 85, 105.
+
+  Clarendon, Lord, 189, 191.
+    His character of Earle, 194.
+
+  _Clerke's Tale_, by Chaucer, 137.
+
+  Cleveland, 268.
+
+  Cliff, Lord, 37.
+
+  Clitus-Alexandrinus, 251.
+
+  Clout, 59, 281.
+
+  Clye, 227.
+
+  Cocke, J. 235.
+
+  Cocke Lorell, 228.
+
+  _Cocke Lorelles Bote_, 228.
+
+  Cofe, 225, 227.
+
+  Colchester, 277.
+
+  College butler, character of, 45.
+
+  Comments on books, 124.
+
+  _Compleat gamester_, 280.
+
+  Complimental man, character of, 147.
+
+  Conceited man, character of, 29.
+
+  _Conceited pedlar_, by Randolph, 161.
+
+  Constable, character of, 53.
+
+  Constantinople, 28.
+
+  Contemplative man, character of, 82.
+
+  Cook, character of a, 106.
+
+  Cooper, Mrs. 237.
+
+  Corranto-coiner, character of, 252.
+
+  Couched, 225.
+
+  Coventry, Sir William, 276.
+
+  Councellor, character of a worthy, 238.
+
+  Councellor, character of an unworthy, 238.
+
+  Counterfet cranke, 222.
+
+  Country knight, character of, 48.
+
+  Courtier, character of, 230.
+
+  Coward, character of, 173.
+
+  Cowardliness, essay on, in verse, 232.
+
+  Coxeter, 231.
+
+  Cranke, 222.
+
+  Cressey, Hugh, his character of Earle, 196.
+
+  Cramprings, 227.
+
+  Crimchan, 253.
+
+  Critic, character of, 123.
+
+  Cromwell, 268.
+
+  Crooke, Andrew, lii.
+
+  Cuffen, 226.
+
+  Cupid, 230.
+
+  _Cure for the itch_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Cut, 225, 227.
+
+
+  Dallison, Maximilian, 238.
+
+  Dances, old, 262.
+
+  Danet, Thomas, 232.
+
+  Danvers, Lord, 211.
+
+  Darius, 107.
+
+  Darkemans, 225.
+
+  David, 265, 266.
+
+  Davies of Hereford, 229.
+
+  Dear year, 175.
+
+  Deboshments, 181.
+
+  Decker, 33, 34, 98, 221, 279, 281.
+
+  Dele, 222.
+
+  Demaunder for glymmar, 222.
+
+  Demetrius, Charles, 73.
+
+  Denny, Lord Edward, 249.
+
+  _Description of unthankfulnesse_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  Detractor, character of a, 63.
+
+  Deuseauyel, 227.
+
+  Digby, Sir Kenelm, 15.
+
+  Dinascoso, 224.
+
+  Dining in Pauls, 105.
+
+  Dinners given by the sheriff, 39.
+
+  Dioclesian, 262.
+
+  Discontented man, character of, 18.
+
+  _Discourse of the English stage_, by Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Divine, character of a grave, 8.
+
+  Dole, 111.
+
+  Dommerar, 222.
+
+  Door-posts, 17, 280.
+
+  Douce, Mr. 257.
+
+  Doves of Aleppo, 268.
+
+  Doxe, 222.
+
+  Dragon that pursued the woman, 63.
+
+  _Dramatic Poets_, by Langbaine, xlix.
+
+  Drugger, 14.
+
+  Drunkard, character of, 136.
+
+  Dryden, 272.
+
+  Dudes, 227.
+
+  Dunton, John, 131.
+
+  Duppa, Dr. 189.
+
+  Dutchmen, their love for rotten cheese, 20.
+
+
+  Earle, Bishop, xlviii, l, lii:
+    Life of, 186, &c.
+    Characters of, 194, 195, 196, 282:
+    list of his works, 197:
+    name of Earle, lvii.
+
+  Earle, Sir Richard, 218.
+
+  Earle, Thomas, 282.
+
+  Earthquake in Germany, 73.
+
+  _Ecclesiastical Polity_, by Hooker, 190, 193, 197,
+    translated into Latin, 190.
+
+  Edward I. 163.
+
+  Effeminate fool, character of, 239.
+
+  [Greek: Eikon Basilike] 190, 193, 197,
+    dedication to the Latin translation, 207.
+
+  Eleven of the clock, 39.
+
+  Elizabeth, queen, 20, 39, 103, 163.
+
+  Ellinor, queen, 163.
+
+  Ellis, 237.
+
+  Ellis, Henry, li.
+
+  Empty wit, character of an, 134.
+
+  Endor, witch of, 266.
+
+  England, 96, 116.
+
+  _England's selected characters_, 236.
+
+  _English Gentleman_, by Brathwait, 260.
+
+  _Epigrams_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  _Epigrams_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Esau, 22.
+
+  _Essayes and Characters_, by L. G. 271.
+
+  _Essays and characters of a prison_, by Mynshul, 138, 243.
+
+  _Essays of Love and Marriage_, 274.
+
+  Essex, Lord, 262,
+    "lord of Essex' measures," a dance, 262.
+
+  _Every Man in his Humour_, by Ben Jonson, 105, 142.
+
+  Euphormio, 67.
+
+  _Excellent vercis worthey Imitation_, supposed by Breton, 238.
+
+  Eyes upon noses, 37.
+
+  Elyot, Sir Thomas, 49.
+
+
+  F. R. 271.
+
+  F. T. 267.
+
+  Fabricius, 46.
+
+  Falcons, 49.
+
+  Falstaff, 19, 105.
+
+  Farley, William, 40.
+
+  Farmer, Dr. 229.
+
+  Feltham, Owen, 270.
+
+  Fiddler, character of a poor, 149.
+
+  _Fifty-five enigmatical characters_, by R. F. 271.
+
+  _Figures_, by Breton, 198, 238.
+
+  _Figure of foure_, by Breton, 198.
+
+  Fines, Catherine, 252.
+
+  Fines, Mary, 252.
+
+  Fines, Sir William, 252.
+
+  Finical, 160.
+
+  Fires, 28.
+
+  _Fishing_, treatise on, 50.
+
+  Flagge, 225.
+
+  Flatterer, character of a, 155.
+
+  Flecknoe, Richard, 271, 272, 273.
+
+  Fleming, 176.
+
+  Fletcher, John, 203.
+
+  Flitchman, 221.
+
+  Florio, 224.
+
+  Ford, T. 267.
+
+  Formal man, character of, 25.
+
+  Four of the clock, 107.
+
+  _Four for a penny; or poor Robin's characters_, 275.
+
+  _Four prentises of London_, by Heywood, 98, 163.
+
+  France, 269.
+
+  Frater, 221.
+
+  _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_, 221, 228.
+
+  Fresh-water Mariner, 221.
+
+  Freze, white, 223.
+
+  Frieze jerkins, 221.
+
+  Frost, great, 175, 176.
+
+  _Funeral Monuments_, by Weever, 103.
+
+
+  G. L. 271.
+
+  Gage, 225.
+
+  Galen, 12, 30.
+
+  Gallant, character of an idle, 51.
+
+  Gallobelgicus, 255.
+
+  _Gallus Castratus_, 269.
+
+  Gallye slops, 221.
+
+  Gavel-kind, 24.
+
+  Gee and ree, 58.
+
+  Geneva bible, 3.
+
+  Geneva print, 84.
+
+  Gennet, 261.
+
+  Germany, 24, 73.
+
+  Gerry, 227.
+
+  Gigges, 239.
+
+  Gilding of the cross, 163.
+
+  Gildon's _Lives of the English Dramatic poets_, 231.
+
+  Giles's, St. Church, Oxford, 4.
+
+  Girding, 19.
+
+  _Glossographia Anglicana Nova_, 141.
+
+  Gloucester cathedral, 40.
+
+  _Gloucestershire, History of_, by Atkyns, 41.
+
+  Goddard, author of the _Mastif-whelp_, 15.
+
+  God's judgments, 73.
+
+  Gold hat-bands, 67.
+
+  Gold tassels, worn by noblemen at the University, 67.
+
+  _Good and the bad_, by Breton, 14, 236.
+
+  _Governour_, by Sir Thomas Elyot, 49.
+
+  Gough, Mr. 237, 253.
+
+  Gown of an alderman, 18.
+
+  Granger, Mr. 267.
+
+  Great man, character of a meer, 177.
+
+  Greek's collections, 72.
+
+  Grunting chete, 226.
+
+  Gryffith, William, 219.
+
+  Guarded with gold lace, 280.
+
+  Guillim, John, 282.
+
+  Gull in plush, 163.
+
+  _Gul's Hornebooke_, by Decker, 33, 34, 98, 279, 281.
+
+  Gygger, 226.
+
+
+  Hall, Bishop, 248, 279.
+
+  _Harleian Miscellany_, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277.
+
+  Harman, Thomas, 219.
+
+  Harmanes, 226.
+
+  Harrison, William, 24, 39, 47.
+
+  Hart-hall, Oxford, 211.
+
+  Haslewood, Mr. 260.
+
+  Hawking, 49, 142.
+
+  Hawkins, Sir John, 111, 262.
+
+  Hay, James Lord, 249.
+
+  Hederby, 163.
+
+  Hemingford, Huntingdonshire, 211.
+
+  _Henry the Fourth_, by Shakspeare, 105.
+
+  Henry VI. 15.
+
+  Henry VII. 4.
+
+  Henry VIII. 33.
+
+  Herald, character of an, 115.
+
+  _Heraldry_, Treatise on, by Guillim, 282.
+
+  Herbert, Mr. 220, 228.
+
+  Heylin, Peter, account of, 211
+    --inscription on his monument, 211.
+
+  Heyne, 148.
+
+  Heywood, 98, 163.
+
+  Hickeringill, E. 277.
+
+  High-spirited man, character of, 158.
+
+  Hill, Mr. lii.
+
+  Hippocrates, 12.
+
+  _History of England_, by Carte, 199.
+
+  _Histrio-mastix_, by Prynne, 62.
+
+  Hobby, 261.
+
+  Hogeshed, 225.
+
+  Hogg, 263.
+
+  Hogged poney, 261.
+
+  Hoker, 221.
+
+  Holinshed, Raphael, 5, 15, 24, 39, 47, 109, 175, 176.
+
+  Holt, in Germany, 73.
+
+  Honest man, character of an ordinary, 181.
+
+  Hooker, Richard, 190, 193, 196, 197.
+
+  Hool, Samuel, 131.
+
+  _Horae Subsecivae_, xlix.
+
+  Horse-race terms, 142.
+
+  _Hortus Mertonensis_, a poem by Earle, 197.
+
+  _Hospitall of Incurable Fooles_, lx.
+
+  Hostess, character of a handsome, 122.
+
+  Houghton, Sir Gilbert, 236.
+
+  Houghton in the Spring, 211.
+
+  Howell, James, 37.
+
+  _Hudibras_, 277.
+
+  Huggeringe, 224.
+
+  Hugger-mugger, 224.
+
+  Hungarian, 125.
+
+  Hunting, 142.
+
+  _Husband_, a poem, 229.
+
+  Hygh-pad, 226.
+
+  Hypocrite, character of a she precise, 84.
+
+
+  Jacob, 22.
+
+  Jail-bird, 100.
+
+  James I. 20, 62, 92, 103.
+
+  James II. 191.
+
+  Jarke, 227.
+
+  Jarke-man, 222.
+
+  _Idea of his highness Oliver_, by Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Jealous man, character of, 183.
+
+  Jennet, 261.
+
+  Jerusalem, 164.
+
+  Jesses, 50.
+
+  Jesuits, 99, 114.
+
+  Ignoramus, 235.
+
+  _Illustrious wife_, by Giles Oldisworth, 229.
+
+  Imputation, 143, 161.
+
+  Inquisition, 31.
+
+  Insolent man, character of, 142.
+
+  John Dory, 150.
+
+  John's, St. College, Oxford, 211.
+
+  Johnson, Richard, 252.
+
+  Jonathan, 265.
+
+  Jonson, Ben, 105:
+    Lines by, 232.
+
+  Jordans, 36.
+
+  Isbosheth, 266.
+
+  Islip, Oxfordshire, 212.
+
+  Juliana Barnes, or Berners, 50.
+
+  Jump, 156.
+
+
+  Keckerman, Bartholomew, 46.
+
+  Keep, 118.
+
+  Ken or Kene, 225, 226, 227.
+
+  Kennett, White, 195:
+    his character of Earle, 195.
+
+  Kent, 24, 25.
+
+  Kent, maid of, 109.
+
+  King's bench prison, 244.
+
+  Kippis, Dr. 271.
+
+  Knight, character of a country, 48.
+
+  Kynchin-co, 222.
+
+  Kynchin-morte, 222.
+
+
+  Lage, 225.
+
+  Lagge, 227.
+
+  Lambarde, 25.
+
+  Lambeth-palace, 111.
+
+  Langbaine, xlix, 231, 272.
+
+  _Laquei ridiculosi_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Lascivious man, character of, 165.
+
+  Laud, Bishop, 211.
+
+  Laurence, St. 107.
+
+  Leg to the residencer, 117, 281.
+
+  Legs in hands, 37.
+
+  Legerdemain, 182.
+
+  Legh, Anne, 237.
+
+  Legh, Sir Edward, 237.
+
+  Leicester, Earl of, 237.
+
+  Leigh, see Legh.
+
+  Le Neve, 217.
+
+  Lent, 61.
+
+  _Letters_, by Howell, 37.
+
+  _Life and Errors of John Dunton_, by himself, 131.
+
+  _Life of Ruddiman_, by Chalmers, 45.
+
+  Lilburne, 268.
+
+  Lilly, xlix.
+
+  Lipken, 225.
+
+  Lipped, 225.
+
+  Lipsius, 30.
+
+  London, 41, 175.
+
+  London-bridge, 176.
+
+  _London and country carbonadoed_, by Lupton, 260.
+
+  _London Spy_, by Ward, 162.
+
+  Long-lane, 255.
+
+  Long pavian, a dance, 262.
+
+  _Love's Dominion_, by Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Low Countries, 23, 237, 270:
+    _Brief Character of_, by _Felltham_, 23.
+
+  Lowre, 225, 227.
+
+  Lucian, 138.
+
+  Ludgate, 249.
+
+  Lupton, Donald, 260.
+
+  Lybbege, 225.
+
+  Lycosthenes, 102.
+
+  Lyghtmans, 225.
+
+
+  M. G. 243.
+
+  M. R. 249.
+
+  _Macbeth_, by Shakspeare, 162.
+
+  Mac-Flecknoe, 273.
+
+  Machiavel, 31.
+
+  Magdalen College, Oxford, 211, 266.
+
+  _Maid, a Poem of_, by Salstonstall, 256.
+
+  _Maid's Tragedy_, by Beaumont and Fletcher, 205.
+
+  Mainwaring, Matthew, 244:
+    family of, ib.
+
+  Make, 225.
+
+  Malaga wine, 37.
+
+  Malone, Mr. 86.
+
+  Man, Samuel, 267.
+
+  Manchet, 47.
+
+  Mars, 263.
+
+  Martial, 135.
+
+  Martin, 268.
+
+  Mary's, St. Church, Oxford, 4, 109.
+
+  _Mastif Whelp_, 15.
+
+  _Mastive or young whelpe of the old dogge_, 246.
+
+  Maund, 226.
+
+  Maurice of Nassau, 28.
+
+  Mayne, 85, 105.
+
+  Meddling-man, character of, 151.
+
+  Medicis, Francis de, 91.
+
+  Melpomene, 72.
+
+  _Memoirs of the Peers of England_, by Brydges, 264.
+
+  Menander, 204.
+
+  Menippus, 138.
+
+  Mephibosheth, 265.
+
+  Meres, 237.
+
+  _Merry Devil of Edmonton_, a Comedy, 84.
+
+  Merton-College, Oxford, 187, 192, 194, 197.
+
+  _Microcosmography_, 197.
+    Editions of, li.
+
+  _Micrologia_, by R. M. 249.
+
+  Minshall-hall, 244.
+
+  Minshew, 32, 94, 181.
+
+  _Miraculous Newes from the Cittie of Holt_, 73.
+
+  _Miscellania_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  Modest man, character of, 131.
+
+  Monson, Sir Thomas, 49.
+
+  Monster out of Germany, 73.
+
+  _Monthly Mirror_, 236.
+
+  Monument of Earle, 193.
+
+  _Monumenta Anglicana_, by Le Neve, 217.
+
+  Moorfields, 252.
+
+  Mooted, 94.
+
+  _More the Merrier_, 246.
+
+  Morley, Dr. 191.
+
+  Mort, 225.
+
+  _Mother's Blessing_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  _Mouse-trap_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Munster, 73.
+
+  Murdered bodies supposed to bleed at the approach of the murderer, 15.
+
+  Musgarve, 268.
+
+  _Musick, history of_, by Sir John Hawkins, 262.
+
+  Myll, 226, 227.
+
+  Mynshul, 84, 138.
+
+  Mynshul, Geffray, 243, 244.
+
+
+  Nabeker, 225.
+
+  Nabes, 226.
+
+  Namptwich, Cheshire, 244.
+
+  _Naps upon Parnassus_, 269.
+
+  Nares, Mr. 279.
+
+  Nase, 226.
+
+  Navy of England, 72.
+
+  Nero, 233.
+
+  Netherlands, 253.
+
+  _New Anatomie, or character of a Christian or round-head_, 264.
+
+  Newcastle, Duke of, 272:
+    lines by, ib.
+
+  _New Custome_, 221.
+
+  _Newes of this present week_, 255.
+
+  Newgate, 249, 268.
+
+  Newman, Sir Thomas, 109.
+
+  Nine Muses, a dance, 262.
+
+  _Nine Worthies_, 164.
+
+  Nireus, 138.
+
+  Noah's flood, 60.
+
+  Nonconformist, 84.
+
+  _Norfolk, History of_, by Blomefield, 217.
+
+  North, Lord, 264.
+
+  Northern nations, 15.
+
+  Norton, Northamptonshire, 237.
+
+  Nose, 225.
+
+  Nyp, 227.
+
+
+  Oldham, Mr. 276.
+
+  Oldisworth Giles, 229.
+
+  Old man, character of a good, 153.
+
+  One and thirty, 56.
+
+  Orford, Lord, 264, 276.
+
+  Osborne, Francis, 103.
+
+  Overbury, Sir Thomas, 229, 230, 235, 264.
+
+  Overton, 268.
+
+  Oxford, 4, 96, 187, 201, 211, 238, 266.
+
+
+  P. H. 246.
+
+  Pad, 226.
+
+  Painted cloth, 74.
+
+  Pallyarde, 221.
+
+  Pamphlets, character of, 268.
+
+  Paracelsus, 30.
+
+  Park, Mr. lii. 237, 256, 276.
+
+  Park, Mr. John James, 257.
+
+  Parrot, Henry, 246.
+
+  Parson, character of a poor, from Chaucer, 10.
+
+  Partial man, character of, 95.
+
+  _Passion of a discontented minde_, supposed by Breton, 238.
+
+  _Passions of the Spirit_, supposed by Breton, 238.
+
+  Patrico, 222.
+
+  Pavian, 262.
+
+  Paul V. pope, 91.
+
+  Paul's, St. Church, 103, 231, 252, 255, 259.
+
+  Paul's-cross, 109;
+    penance at, 109.
+
+  Paul's man, 105.
+
+  Paul's walk, character of, 103.
+
+  Paul's walk, xlviii:
+    time of walking there, 103.
+
+  Paynell, Thomas, 13, 280.
+
+  Pecke, 226.
+
+  Pegasus, 261.
+
+  Pembroke, Henry, earl of, 201.
+
+  Pembroke, Philip, earl of, 187, 188.
+
+  Pembroke, William, earl of, 197:
+    lines on, 201.
+
+  Percy, bishop, 237.
+
+  Peters, 268.
+
+  Peter's, St. Church, Oxford, 4.
+
+  Pharoah, 22.
+
+  _Philaster_, by Beaumont and Fletcher, 205.
+
+  Philip II. of Spain, 32.
+
+  _Phoenix Nest_, by R. S. 240.
+
+  _Physician against his will_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  Physician, character of a dull, 11.
+
+  Pick-thank, 168.
+
+  _Picturae Loquentes_, by Saltonstall, 256.
+
+  Pierce, character of Earle, 196.
+
+  _Pierce Penilesse_, 156.
+
+  Pineda, 140.
+
+  Plausible man, character of, 74.
+
+  Plautus, 124, 205.
+
+  Player, characters of, 60, 249.
+
+  _Pleasant walkes of Moorefields_, 253.
+
+  Plodding student, character of, 101.
+
+  Plutarch, 35.
+
+  Pluto, 138.
+
+  Points, 38.
+
+  Poland, 253.
+
+  Ponsonby, William, lx.
+
+  Poor man, character of, 179.
+
+  Poor Tom, 221.
+
+  Pope, A. 272.
+
+  Popplar of Yarum, 226.
+
+  _Poste_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  Post and pair, 280.
+
+  Pot-poet, character of, 71.
+
+  _Practice of Piety_, 87.
+
+  Pratt, Mr. 249.
+
+  Prauncer, 225.
+
+  Prayer for the college, 279.
+
+  Prayer at the end of a play, 279.
+
+  Prayer used before the university, 6.
+
+  Preacher, character of a young raw, 4.
+
+  Pretender to learning, character of, 112.
+
+  Prigger, see Prygger.
+
+  Primero, 32, 33.
+
+  Primivist, 32.
+
+  Print, set in, 239.
+
+  Prison, character of a, 138.
+
+  Prisoner, character of a, 245.
+
+  Privy councellor, character of a worthy, 238.
+
+  Profane man, character of, 171.
+
+  _Progresses of Queen Elizabeth_, 237.
+
+  Prologue, 97.
+
+  _Prolusions_, by Capel, 229.
+
+  Prygger of prauncers, character of a, 222.
+
+  Prynne, 62.
+
+  Puritan, 120, 150.
+
+  _Puritan, picture of a_, 229.
+
+  Puttenham, 237.
+
+
+  Quanto Dyspayne, a dance, 262.
+
+  Quarromes, 225.
+
+  Querpo, 140.
+
+  Quintilian, 30.
+
+  Quyer, or quyaer, 225, 227.
+
+
+  Radcliffe, Sir Alexander, 251.
+
+  Raie, 242.
+
+  Ramus, 30.
+
+  Randolph, Dr. 161.
+
+  Rash man, character of, 167.
+
+  Rat, black-coat, terms of contempt towards the clergy, 172.
+
+  Rawlinson, Dr. 262.
+
+  Re, isle of, 199:
+    expedition to, ib.
+
+  _Rebellion, History of_, by Clarendon, 189.
+
+  Reed, Isaac, 45, 272, 279, 280.
+
+  _Reformado precisely charactered_, 264.
+
+  _Regiment of Health_, 13.
+
+  _Regimen Sanitatis Salerni_, 279.
+
+  _Remains_, Butler's, 277.
+
+  _Remains_, Camden's, 72.
+
+  Reserved man, character of, 31.
+
+  _Resolves_, by Feltham, 270.
+
+  Retchlessly, 137.
+
+  Richard III. 79.
+
+  Rich man, character of a sordid, 174.
+
+  Ritson, Mr. 237.
+
+  Robert of Normandy, 164.
+
+  Roge, 221.
+
+  Roger, 225.
+
+  Rogers, G. 232.
+
+  Rogue, see Roge.
+
+  Rome, 10, 27, 90.
+
+  Rome-bouse, 226.
+
+  Round breeches, 129.
+
+  _Royal and noble Authors_, by Lord Orford, 264.
+
+  _Ruddiman, Life of_, by Chalmers, 45.
+
+  Ruff of Geneva, print, 84.
+
+  Ruffs, 239.
+
+  Ruffian, 227.
+
+  Ruffler, 221.
+
+  Ruffmanes, 226.
+
+  Ruffe-pecke, 226.
+
+  Russell, Earl of Bedford, 12.
+
+  Rutland, Lady, 203.
+
+
+  S. R. 240.
+
+  Sack, 36, 37, 38, 122.
+
+  Salerne, 280.
+
+  Salisbury, 282.
+
+  Salomon, 225.
+
+  Saltonstall, Wye, 256.
+
+  Sandwich, Earl of, 267.
+
+  _Satyrical characters_, 269.
+
+  _Satyrical Essayes_, by Stephens, 231, 235.
+
+  Saul, 265.
+
+  Saxons, 24.
+
+  Say, E. xlvii.
+
+  Saye, 225.
+
+  Scaliger, 114.
+
+  Sceptick in religion, character of, 88.
+
+  Scholar, character of a, 54.
+
+  Scold, character of a, 247.
+
+  Scotus, 87.
+
+  Sejanus, 96.
+
+  _Select second husband for Sir Thomas Overburie's wife_,
+      by Davies of Hereford, 229.
+
+  Seneca, 113.
+
+  Sergeant, or catchpole, character of, 124.
+
+  Serving-man, character of, 140.
+
+  Sforza, 79.
+
+  Shakspeare, lx, 2, 15, 33, 74, 103, 111, 162, 224, 262, 279, 280, 281.
+
+  Shark, character of a, 37.
+
+  Shark to, 182.
+
+  Sharking, 180.
+
+  Sheba, 266.
+
+  Sheriff's hospitality, and table, 39.
+
+  Sherry wine, 36, 37.
+
+  Shimei, 266.
+
+  Ship, 226.
+
+  Shop-keeper, character of, 118.
+
+  Short-hand, 5.
+
+  Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Countess of, 220.
+
+  Shrove Tuesday, 61.
+
+  Sidney, Sir Philip, 201, 204.
+
+  Silk strings to books, 66.
+
+  Singing-men in cathedral churches, character of, 116.
+
+  Skower, 227.
+
+  Skypper, 225.
+
+  Socinus, Faustus, 91.
+
+  _Solemne Passion of the Soule's Love_, by Breton, 237.
+
+  _Soliman and Perseda_, 156.
+
+  Sordid rich man, character of, 174.
+
+  Spaniards, 99.
+
+  _Specimens of early English Poets_, by Ellis, 237.
+
+  Spelman, Sir Henry, 24.
+
+  Spinola, 99.
+
+  _Sports and Pastimes_, by Strutt, 32, 49, 56.
+
+  _Springes for Woodcocks_, by H. P. 246.
+
+  Squeazy, 121.
+
+  Stanley, Richard, 40.
+
+  Stayed-man, character of a, 128.
+
+  Steevens, George, 15, 111, 181, 246, 275, 281.
+
+  Stephen, Master, 142.
+
+  Stephens, John, 231, 235.
+
+  Stews, 80.
+
+  Stowe, 227.
+
+  Stow's _Survey of London_, 163.
+
+  _Strange Metamorphosis of Man_, 260.
+
+  Streglethorp Church, 217:
+    family, 282.
+
+  Strike, 226.
+
+  Strummell, 225.
+
+  Strutt, Mr. 32, 49, 56.
+
+  Strype, Mr. 163.
+
+  Sturbridge-fair, 161.
+
+  Suetonius, 13.
+
+  _Sufferings of the Clergy_, by Walker, 190.
+
+  _Surfeit to A. B. C._ 269.
+
+  Surgeon, character of a, 80.
+
+  Suspicious or jealous man, character of, 183.
+
+  Swadder, 222.
+
+  Swedes, 15.
+
+  _Sweedish Intelligencer_, 255.
+
+  Switzer, 253.
+
+
+  Table-book, 279.
+
+  Tables, 56.
+
+  Tacitus, 113.
+
+  Talbot, Sir John, 200.
+
+  Tamworth, Staffordshire, 237.
+
+  Tanner, Bishop, 238.
+
+  Tantalus, 245.
+
+  Tavern, character of a, 34.
+
+  Telephus, 35.
+
+  _Tempest_, by Shakspeare, 181.
+
+  Tennis, 66.
+
+  _Ten Years' Travel_, by Flecknoe, 272.
+
+  Term, character of the, 259.
+
+  Thersites, 138.
+
+  Thyer, Mr. 277.
+
+  Tiberius, 96.
+
+  _Times anatomized_, 267.
+
+  Tinckar, or tinker, 222.
+
+  Tiring-house, 61.
+
+  Titus, 13.
+
+  Tobacco, 35.
+
+  Tobacco-seller, character of, 70:
+    called a smoak-seller, ib.
+
+  Togman, 225.
+
+  Tower, 226.
+
+  Town-precisian, 7.
+
+  _Traditional Memoires_, by Osborne, 103.
+
+  Trumpeter, character of a, 97.
+
+  Tryne, 225.
+
+  Tryning, 227.
+
+  Tuft-hunter, 67.
+
+  Tully (see Cicero), 21, 30.
+
+  Turk, 125.
+
+  Turner, Thomas, 232.
+
+  Tyburn, 23, 73, 268.
+
+  Tyntermell, a dance, 262.
+
+
+  Valiant man, character of, 273.
+
+  Varro, 124.
+
+  Vault at Gloucester, 40.
+
+  Velvet of a gown, 66.
+
+  Venner, 36.
+
+  Vespatian, 13.
+
+  Villiers, George, Duke of Buckingham, 277.
+
+  Virgil, 147.
+
+  Virginals, 86.
+
+  University College, Oxford, 192.
+
+  University dun, character of a, 126.
+
+  University, character of a young gentleman of the, 65.
+
+  University statutes, 12.
+
+  Vorstius, Conrade, 91.
+
+  Upright man, 221, 225.
+
+  Urinal, 11.
+
+  Urine, custom of examining it by physicians, 14:
+    tax on, 13.
+
+  Vulcan, 263.
+
+  Vulgar-spirited man, character of, 98.
+
+  Vyle, 227.
+
+
+  Wales, 116.
+
+  Walker, Dr. 190.
+
+  Walker, Sir Edward, 282.
+
+  Walton, Isaac, l:
+    his character of Earle, 196.
+
+  Walwin, 268.
+
+  Wapping, 255.
+
+  Ward, C. lii.
+
+  Ward, Edward, 162.
+
+  Warde, William, 12.
+
+  Warnborough, South, 211.
+
+  Warton, Thomas, 220, 246.
+
+  Washbourne, R. his _Divine Poems_, 1.
+
+  Waste, 226.
+
+  Watch, 225, 226.
+
+  Weak man, character of, 68.
+
+  Weever, 103.
+
+  Westminster, 138, 163, 177, 211, 259, 282.
+
+  Westminster, the fellow of, 177.
+
+  _Whimzies; or a new cast of Characters_, 251, 279.
+
+  _Whip for a jockey_, 275.
+
+  _Whipjacke_, 221.
+
+  Whitson ale, 150.
+
+  Whydds, 227.
+
+  _Widow_, a comedy, 39.
+
+  Wife, character of a good, 248.
+
+  _Wife, now the Widdow, of Sir Thomas Overbury_, 229, 235,
+    editions of, 229.
+
+  William I. 163.
+
+  Wood, Anthony a, l, 187, 188, 191, 197, 212, 229, 266.
+
+  Worcester, Marquis of, 33.
+
+  _World displayed_, lii.
+
+  World's wise man, character of, 78.
+
+  Wortley, Anne, 267.
+
+  Wortley, Sir Francis, 265, 266.
+
+  Wortley, Sir Richard, 266.
+
+  _Writing school-master_, by Bales, 5.
+
+  Wyn, 225.
+
+
+  Yarum, 226.
+
+  York, 41, 186, 282.
+
+  York, James, Duke of, afterwards James II. 191, 265.
+
+  Young gentleman of the university, character of, 65.
+
+  Young man, character of, 42.
+
+  Younger brother, character of, 22.
+
+
+  Ziba, 265.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+ERRATUM.
+
+Page li. line 10, for _first_, read _fift_.
+
+
+
+
+SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX.
+
+VARIOUS READINGS AND VERSIONS FROM THE DURHAM MS.
+
+
+A CHILDE.
+
+1. "His soul is yet a white _page_" (paper).
+
+
+AN ORDINARY PHYSITIAN.
+
+4. After the words "take Physicke." "He drives away ye time if he cannot
+ye maladie, and is furnished with an hundred merrie tales for the purpose.
+He is no faithful friend for he leaves a man gasping, and his pretence is,
+death and he are enemies."
+
+
+A SELFE-CONCEITED MAN.
+
+10 (_11 in Bliss_). "A parasite is a stale to him," for "_a flatterer is a
+dunce to him_."
+
+
+A RESERVED MAN.
+
+26 (_12 in Bliss_). "Never speaks above the audit of a whisper," for
+"_whispers you in the ear acts_."
+
+
+A DOUNE-RIGHT SCHOLLER.
+
+20 (21 in _Bliss_). After "language of a falconer." "He is frigging up and
+doune, and composeth not his body to a settled posture. Gallants mock him
+for ushering Gentlewomen and indeed he hath not squired it in their
+Allies."
+
+
+A POTT POET.
+
+22 (_28 in Bliss_). After "patches," "yet their footemanshippe is not
+altogether shuffling." After "His other poems are but briefs." "At more
+leisur'd times he makes disticks on noblemen which are put under their
+twopenny pictures that hang in the bookbinders' shops."
+
+
+A FORWARD, BOLD MAN.
+
+30 (_43 in Bliss_). _For_ "like a desperate soldier," read "like our
+north-west merchants, will venture where he cannot goe." Also "Saint
+_Laurence_" _for_ "St. Maries."
+
+
+A PLAINE COUNTRIE FELLOWE.
+
+23 (_22 in Bliss_). After "sallets." "He will talk with his oxen very
+soberly and expostulates with his hindes, and then in the same language he
+guides the plow, and the plough guides his thoughts, and his bounde or
+landmarke is the very limitts of his cogitation."
+
+
+A SERGEANT, (SERIEANT).
+
+32 (_52 in Bliss_). After "Attempted and atchieved," "clubbes out of
+charity knocke him doune; next an hereticke he is the worst man to follow
+for he leads by the arme to destruction; his most dangerous place is
+Chancery Lane's end where he hansells now and then."
+
+
+A PARTIALL MAN.
+
+33 (_37 in Bliss_). After "colledge." "The Puritane is most guilty of this
+humour, for he takes the opinion of one Dutch commentatour before a legion
+of fathers; and, which is worse, his own before them both."
+
+
+A TRUMPETTER.
+
+34 (_38 in Bliss_). "In short he is a bubble _and his life a blast_."
+
+
+A PAULES WALKE.
+
+43 (_41 in Bliss_). "Properest," for "_perfectest_ motion." After
+"a-foot." "It hath its tempests like the sea, and as violent, and men are
+ship-wrack't upon pillars like great rocks." And _at the end_ after "could
+not"--"ffinally it is used for a church of these two only, sharkes and cut
+purses, the one comes thither to fast, the other to prey."
+
+
+A DUN.
+
+42 (_53 in Bliss_). After "shift in the world," comes "He is like a
+frivlous suitor, _haunting_, _haunting_ (sic) those ..." (in place of the
+sentence in Bliss beginning "some chuse," which is transposed in MS. with
+very slight changes so as to follow the sentence ending with "find them
+within.")
+
+
+A PLAUSIBLE MAN.
+
+45 (_29 in Bliss_). "He supples all and discommends none, except where his
+commendations might crosse the company, and then he holds his
+peace,"--after the words "what is civil."
+
+
+A BAKER.
+
+_16 in MS._ (_44 in Bliss_). "His condition is the same with all other
+men, for he lives by bread which from a rude and undigested heape he putts
+into lumpe and forme. His kneading tub and his pavin are the two misteries
+of his occupation and he is a filcher by his trade, but the miller is
+before him. Thrive he cannot much in the world, for his cake is oft dow
+bak't and will never be a man of valour he is still so meall-mouth'd, he
+is observed for a great lyer for he is seldome true in his tale, though
+the score be many times on his pate for better reckoning, one vertue he
+hath that he is charitable, for his bread is often given to the poore. A
+clarke of the market he abhorres, and a pair of weight scales over-throwes
+him, yet he finds mercy in his offences, and his basket only is sent to
+prison. Many a pillery is his deadly enemie, and they never meete but they
+goe together by the eares."
+
+_The additional matter in the "Bright MS." is found here also._
+
+
+AN HERAULD.[DZ]
+
+(_Almost identical with the version in the "Bright MS."_)
+
+_40 in MS._ (_46 in Bliss_). "He gives armes himselfe though he be no
+Gentleman, and therefore hath good reason to dispence with other; his
+trade and profession is honour, and doth that which few noble can doe,
+thrive by the Title. You would think he had the Indian mines, for he tells
+of the fesse[EA] of gold and silver, but believe him not for they are but
+devises to get money: he seemes only to deale with Gentry, but his
+chiefest purchases are on them that are none, whose bounty he conceales
+yet blazons: his bribes are like those of a corrupt judge, for they are
+the prizes[EB] of blood. His traffiques are like children's gew-gawes,
+pendants, and scutchions and little daggars, and his penniworths are
+extraordinary deare ffor he holdes three Boares heads higher than three
+Brawnes in the market. He was sometime the coate of Mars, but is now for
+more mercifull battailes in the tilt yard where whosoever is victorious
+the spoyles are his. His is an art in England but nature in Wales, where
+they are borne with Herauldry in their mouthes, and each name is a
+pedigree."
+
+
+A YOUNG RAW PREACHER.
+
+2. "_Till ye clocke stop him._" "Little instructions shall you have though
+great store of doctrines and many uses to small purpose; he putts much
+zeale into his booke, and belabours his tongue exceedingly. The only thing
+he makes himselfe in his sermons is faces, his action is all passions, and
+his speach interiections. He hath an excellent faculty in crying 'ah!' and
+spits with a very good grace." "_He will not, etc._" "He cites Pastills
+for authors, Perkins for fathers, and some catechisme is his schoole
+divinity."
+
+
+A GRAVE DIVINE.
+
+3. "Arts his way." "He thinks he ought to become learned to learne so high
+a mystery, w^{ch} like ye dye of scarlet is not set well upon a raw
+cloath, but requires a former tincture."[EC] "_He accounts, etc._" For
+"ballast" read "_last blast_" (in the first sentence).
+
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+_9 in MS._ (_7 in Bliss_). "His life was in this age, his conversation
+long before, and his acquaintance of some thousand yeares before he was
+borne. He is a great enemy to the man of time, and fetches many a morsell
+againe out of his stomacke, when it is now all rotten and stinking. Old
+women should like him very well for he is much enamoured of wrinckles, and
+loves all things, as Dutchmen doe cheese, ye better for being mouldy and
+worm-eaten." "_He is of our Religion, etc._"
+
+
+A PLAYER.
+
+_19 in MS._ (_23 in Bliss_). "_Upon him._" "He hath reason to be
+experienced in the world, for he hath passed through more shapes then
+Pythagoras his soule, and knows all conditions from y^e King to the
+Cobler, he is qualified and hath many good parts, but he is condemned for
+one boasting humour, that he will speake them himselfe." "_He hath one,
+etc._" "_Never con'd._" "A true man he can hardly be, for he pleaseth the
+better he counterfeits, except only when he is disguised with straw for
+gold lace. His comings in are tollerable, yet in small money, and like
+Halifax great viccaridge most of it in two pences." "_The waisting woman,
+etc._" "_Gentlemen_," "and may become the bench in time as well they. He
+neadeth not feare death, for killing is but his sport, and his chiefe
+practice hath beene to dye bravely."
+
+
+A YOUNG GENTLEMAN IN THE UNIVERSITY.
+
+_18 in MS._ (_25 in Bliss_). "_Spend next day._" "If you speake to him as
+a Schooler, he telleth you you mistake him he is a gentleman and loath to
+marre his stile with that title. Sometime upon intreaty he vouchsafeth to
+be a Batchelour, and thinks he hath done the degree great grace in taking
+it." "_His companion, etc._" Above this, and after the word "misplacing."
+"He comes often to his bookes but seldome to his study, unless he be taken
+with Stepheus or Paris printe, which endeares the booke unto him. Yet
+sometimes he will...."
+
+
+  { VICCARS (MS.)
+  { SINGING MEN.
+
+_6 in MS._ (_47 in Bliss_). "_To sing catches._" "In their election of a
+brother they are respectfull of his gifts, that is, of his bottles of
+sacke, and he that is most liberall to them heere makes them sure. If they
+get a church their faces are the richer, and they are men of more
+reckoning at the bush or read lattice." "Long lived, etc."
+
+
+A SHOP-KEEPER.
+
+_39 in MS._ (_48 in Bliss_). "He examines the necessity of passengers, and
+beggs in the phrase of the giver 'with what do you lacke?'" "... _abuse
+his brother_. His prizes are like new playes, very dear at first view, but
+after you goe over them they still fall lower, and he is one who of all
+men you shoulde not take of his worde." "_He is your slave, etc._"
+
+
+A BOWL ALLEY.
+
+_38 in MS._ (_30 in Bliss_). "Say nothing." "It is their as it is at
+skirmishes the first man doth much, and no victory without a good
+leader." "_It is, etc._" After the first sentence comes in MS. "fortune is
+never pox't louder nor the Deuill oftener sent about errands; he is the
+companion that goes with every bowle, and with him the bowlers."
+
+
+A SHE PRECISE HYPOCRITE.
+
+(The Shee Puritane _in the MS._)
+
+_36 in MS._ (_34 in Bliss_). "Owne Parish." "And if her husband be so
+profaine that he will not carrie her on horsebacke to heare another preach
+shee will goe as far on foote to heare her selfe pray." "_She doubts,
+etc._" "Scruples." "Shee dareth not give a penny to a beggar for feare he
+be a reprobate, but shee thinkes usury lawfull upon strangers that be not
+her brethren." "_Shee is more fierce, etc._" "Shee is discovered though
+shee weare a vaile," after "_Geneva Print_." "Reads that shee hath noted,
+and applauds herselfe for a noble woman of Berea," after "_comes home_."
+After "_gossippings_," "unlesse to exercises." After "_sampler_," "save
+that once a year she workes a black-wrought night-cap for some reverend
+good man to weare, because it is against the cannon, and then she thinkes
+him a bishop's fellow." After "_weapons_" (weapon), "is the Practice of
+Piety, or else shee is armed with the sixt to the Ephesians." For "the
+Brownist" read "thinks that Amsterdam is erroneous."
+
+
+THE WEAK MAN.
+
+In the Bright MS. there are some important additions and variations in
+"_The Weak Man_." After the words "his brain stays behind," it goes on "He
+is for wit as your young travellers for languages, as much as will call
+for necessities and hardly that. He is not crafty enough to be a knave,
+nor wise enough to be honest, but the midway betwixt; a kind of harmless
+man. His whole vice is his indiscretion, and yet this makes him seem
+guilty of all." After the word "reserved" in Bliss, the MS. goes on: "He
+will part with anything in a humour, but in a good cause with nothing, and
+you may better entice him than persuade him. He is often perverse, never
+resolute and inexorable to nothing so much as reason. He loves wits and
+scholars to his cost, for he never has their company but invited. His
+friendships commonly are begun in a supper and lost in lending money. The
+way to gain his regard is to neglect him, for if he once be in good
+estimation, he grows proud upon it and contemns you." After the words
+"laid to his charge." "He puts in his verdict at all discourses, and
+whatsoever reason you urge, he holds his conclusion." Again, after the
+words "breaks forth with all." "His fear is his most violent persuader,
+which makes him do more upon the authority of one he hates, than the suit
+of his friend. He is one not to live in this world, for each man is his
+ambush, and his friend to abuse him. He has been long in contempt, and at
+last out of money, and then men cry 'alas!' and forget him."
+
+
+A SCEPTICK IN RELIGION.
+
+P. 99. This Character also is so varied from the printed copies in the
+Bright MS. that it is given from the latter entire. "He is defined by a
+genus without a difference; for he is a Christian at large, and no more.
+He uses the land's religion because it is next him; yet he sees not why he
+may not take the other yet he chooses this not as better, but because
+there is not a pin to choose. He is wondrous loth to hazard his credulity,
+and whilst he fears to believe amiss, believes nothing. The opinion of an
+over judgment wrongs him, which makes him too wise for the truth. He
+finds doubts and scruples better than resolves them, and has always some
+argument to nonplus himself. The least religion is enough to perplex him,
+and the best will not satisfy him. He hammers too much in general upon our
+opinion's incertainty, and the possibility of erring makes him not venture
+on what is true. He cannot drive into his fancy the circumscription of
+religion into our corner, and yet, the absurdity of Popery staggers him
+again. He could like the Protestant better were it not for the puritan,
+and the papist but for the Jesuit. He thinks we are more rational, and
+likes the life of the other. He thinks so many wise men would not believe
+but on good ground, and so many honest men cannot be on the wrong side;
+yet he sees not their reason notwithstanding, nor assents to their honesty
+without it. He is taken with their miracles yet doubts an imposture; he
+conceives of our doctrine better, yet it seems too empty and naked. He
+prefers their charity, and commends our zeal, yet suspects that for
+blindness, and this but humour. He sees rather what to fly than to follow,
+and wishes there were no sides that he might take one. He will sometimes
+propend to us upon the reading a good writer, and at Bellarmine recoils as
+far back again; and the fathers justle him from one side to another. His
+conscience interposes itself betwixt two duellers, and whilst it would
+part both, is by both wounded. He hates authority as the tyrant of reason,
+and you cannot anger him worse than with a Luther or Calvin's dixit, yet
+that wise men are not persuaded with reason, shall authorize his doubt. In
+sum, his whole life is a question, and his salvation a greater, wherein he
+is so long a disputing, till death make the conclusion, and then he is
+resolved."
+
+[From Bliss's annotated copy of Earle's Microcosmography.]
+
+
+A GALLANT.
+
+P. 57. (_In the Bodleian, 2699, E. 21._) [This version is almost identical
+with that in the Durham MS. till the last few sentences.] The variations
+between the printed copy and Dr. Bright's MS. are so considerable, that
+the latter text is here given entire. "A Gallant is a heavy loader of
+himself, for he lays more upon his back than it is able to bear, and so at
+last breaks it. His first care is his clothes, and the next his body, and
+in the uniting of these two lyes his judgment. He is no singular man, for
+he is altogether in the fashion, and his very look and beard are squared
+to a figure conformable. His face and his boot are ruffled much alike, and
+he takes great delight in his walk to hear his spurs gingle. Though his
+life pass somewhat slidingly, yet he seems very carefull of the tyme, for
+he is always drawing his watch out of his pocket, and spends part of his
+hours in numbering them. His chiefest toil is how to spin out the day, and
+get a match for cards or the bowl alley, and his worst companion is
+himself, for then he is desperate and knows not what to do. The labour of
+doing nothing had made him long since weary of his life, if tobacco and
+drink did not out of charity employ him. He is furnished with jests, as
+some wanderer with sermons, some three for all companies, and when these
+are expired, his discourse survives in oaths and laughter. He addresses
+himself to ladies with the wagging of his lock, and complements like
+Euphues or the knights of the Sun; yet his phrase is the worst apparalled
+thing about him, for it is plain fustian.[ED] His thigh is always well
+apointed with a rapier, yet peaceable enough, and makes[EE] a wound in
+nothing but the scabard, yet[EF] rather than point the field, hee'l pull
+it out in the street. He is weaponed rather in the street, than the
+highway, for he fears not a thief, but a serjeant. His clothes and himself
+grow stale together, and the last act of his life is invisible, for he is
+buried commonly before he dies, in the jail or the[EG] country."
+
+
+The following Character may serve as an illustrative commentary on part of
+Earle's character of an Attorney.
+
+
+THE CHARACTER OF AN ATTORNEY.
+
+P. 211. (_From a MS. in the Bodleian, Sheldon Papers_), circa 1642. An MS.
+Notebook of Bliss's in my possession, containing some 50 pages filled with
+the titles of books of characters, has this one among them, in 17th
+century hand-writing (pasted on to the page). When this was acquired he
+does not say. "An Atturney is a Broker at Law for hee sels wordes and
+counsell at the second hand, studies but one language that hee may not bee
+thought double tonged, and when vpon necessitie hee reades Latin, 'tis
+with a quaking hast soe feare fully you wold thinke him a fellon at his
+miserere. Hee speakes nothing but reports, statutes and obligations, and
+'tis to bee thought wooes soe too; Lady I hold of you in capite and was by
+the fates enacted yours in decimo of the Ringe; his prayers are
+soloecismes for peace, and yet for contention; hee beleeues in Littleton
+or the present Cheefe-Justice and against this fayth hee thinkes the
+Chancery Hoeerticall, especially if he speake in a Rocket; his degrees are
+to proceed either a Court-keeper or an Under-shrieue and then a Judges nod
+qualifies him; hee may hold two or three Clyents the more; to conclude hee
+is a very noune adiectiue whom noe man dares trust to stand by himselfe,
+but requires a Counsellour to bee ioyned with him."--DEANE.
+
+
+TWO LETTERS OF EARLE'S.
+
+[TANNER MS., vol. 48, No. 46.]
+
+
+                                  Saru[(m] Sept. 25. 1662.
+
+    "MY LORD
+
+    "I recyvd your Lordshipp's letter this day from my Lord
+    of Sarum and give you my most humble and harty thankes
+    for the great favour you intended me, as likewise for
+    your good opinion of me! as well as your affection, that
+    you thinke me capable of such a place in the Church. But
+    my Lord I that understand my self better, though all
+    things els worse, then any other frend, find those
+    causes within me why I should not accept this offer,
+    that I can no way answer, but must absolutely decline
+    it. Your Lordshipp may remember when you were pleas'd to
+    propose it to me before the last Bishop had it, what I
+    said to you then, how unfitted I was for it in many
+    respects. The same reasons hold good still and the
+    rather, as I am now both elder and infirmer, and I am
+    afraid more desperately so, then I beleevd my self to be
+    at that time. When I come to London, as I hope to doe
+    with in little more then a fortnight, I shall satisfy
+    you more particularly, as I conceyve I have done
+    already my Lord of Saru[(m], whose judgement as I should
+    submitt to assoone as any mans, and sooner then my owne
+    if it were different from mine. So I am more confirm'd
+    in my owne opinion, when I find it conformable to his,
+    being satisfyed with these reasons I had to refuse it.
+    Seriously if I thought I could doe that service to the
+    Church, which many hundreds could not doe better, I
+    would preferre the doing it with trouble before any ease
+    or convenience of my owne but in the condition that I
+    am, and the many imperfections upon me, I do not speak
+    it modestly, I cannot have such a thought. I am hartily
+    sorry for the death of that Bishop,[EH] he was a man of
+    excellent parts and though there was something to be
+    desired in him, yett take him alltogether he was both
+    able and likely to good service in that place which I
+    pray God may loose nothing by his successor!
+
+    My Lord I beseech your Lordship to present my most
+    humble duty and thankes to my gracious Master, the
+    thinking me worthy of such a preferment, and that
+    frankness and kindness which you speak of in his
+    expressing it, was worth to me a great deale more then
+    any thing els he could give me. I pray for him daylie,
+    and most hartily, as I doe likewise for your Lordship to
+    whom I am a moste affectionate servant
+
+                                           My Lord
+                                              JO: EARLES."
+
+  [_Addressed_] "For the Right Reverend Father in God
+                 Gilbert Lord Bishopp of London these at
+                                           Whitehall."
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[DZ] It is curious to find this Character in the Durham MS. Bliss, in his
+account of the editions, speaks of the 6th edition (1633) as having two
+_additional_ Characters, one of them being "The Herald." The edition of
+1630, also called "the 6th edition augmented," I possess. It contains
+seventy-six characters (numbered as seventy-seven by mistake), but neither
+of the two "additional ones." Bliss's knowledge of editions, as well as
+his acquisition of them was increased largely in the years that followed
+the publication of his book. When he had acquired the 1st edition he wrote
+pathetically in his annotated copy, "I have been more than fifty years
+looking for this book!" By that time too he knew that what he here calls
+the _2nd_ edition of 1629 was really the _fifth_. (See _Arber's Reprint_,
+where a table of the editions is given.)
+
+[EA] "Fields."--_Bright MS._
+
+[EB] "Prices."--_Bright MS._
+
+[EC] This sentence by itself would make the Durham MS. a treasure.
+
+[ED] "He is of great account with his mercer and in no man's books so
+much: who is so sure a friend to him that he will not lose him."--_Durham
+MS._
+
+[EE] "He is a great derider of schollers and censures their steeple hats
+for not being set on so good a blocke as his."--_Durham MS._
+
+[EF] "He will pull it out in the streets."--_Durham MS._
+
+[EG] "Counter."--_Durham MS._
+
+[EH] Bp. Gauden, of Worcester, died in the beg. of Sept., 1662.
+
+
+
+
+[CLARENDON STATE PAPERS, No. 1465.]
+
+MR. EARLES TO MR. HYDE.[EI]
+
+    "Well Sir! I will grumble no more, since you have
+    vouchsaft to answer me at last, I was afraid you had
+    thought you could not be enimy to the Court of Honour
+    enough, except you renounc'd all civilitye. I could be
+    verie angry with Mr. Vaughan for defrauding me of your
+    punctuale letter, by not taking his leave of you, but he
+    tells me, he was at your chamber in the Temple every
+    day, and not finding you there, knew not where to seek
+    you. Well I hope one day you will meet with some trustye
+    messenger whose pockett may be capable of the great
+    _arcana_[EJ] of your letter. I am not altogether without
+    some intelligence how things passe, though by no such
+    authenticall men as you are, yet such as G. Morley, who
+    though he was not a man of such imployment, yet was one
+    of less leasure then you for this fortnight, being to
+    make a much longer speech then you, and in as good
+    companye, for which I heare he is not thankd, as
+    perchance nor you neyther. May you not trust with a
+    carier, the telling me how he did, or how my Lord of
+    Falkland does, since he is resolved I shall understand
+    nothing of him by himselfe. I will not unthriftily spill
+    my letters any more there, where they returne me no
+    fruit. My father is your servant, for Sir _Cph_[EK]
+    Widington, I hope he will compose this quarell without a
+    suite. Is T. Triplett at London yett, or have you any
+    great occasion to draw him up. These are all safe things
+    to be convey'd by a porter to a carier, and by him to
+    me, though my Lord Marshalls himself had feed them to
+    intercept, or brake open your letters. Well when you are
+    most idle, for I must confesse the thinking of me is not
+    worth any time, wherein you may doe any thing els, say
+    something to me. I that have leasure for us both, (as
+    indeed what business here can fill a man's leasure that
+    does not hunt nor drinke nor play at cardes) am content
+    with so much patience from you as to read me when you
+    will not write to
+
+                  Your most humble servant
+                                               JO. EARLES."
+    [EL] "Bishopston."
+    "Bish. Dec. 9."
+
+    "Pray remember my service to Mrs. Hyde and Mr. Harding."
+
+    _An Original endorsed by Mr. Hyde._[EM]
+
+    [Addressed] To my most honor'd frend Mr. Edward Hyde at
+    Sir Thomas Aylesburies house in Westminster in the Deans
+    yard.
+
+    [Endorsed by Hyde] Mr. Earles 10ber. 1640.
+
+
+LETTERS OF CLARENDON TO EARLE, A.D. 1647.
+
+SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
+
+    "Sir,
+
+    "Though I believe you have received two or three letters
+    from me since you writ any, yet since your's of your new
+    year's eve came to my hands since I writ last, I reckon
+    it my turn to write againe; and shall either convert you
+    to a more sedulous correspondence, or make you so much
+    ashamed (which is a modesty lazy men are very inclinable
+    to), that you shall give over writing at all. I always
+    send you word of the date of those which I receive from
+    you, so that you can only tell whether I have had that
+    which you say was pretty long and troublesome; for I
+    have not thought any one half long enough, nor
+    troublesome; otherwise than (which on my conscience was
+    not your sense) under the notion of the vile caracters,
+    which is almost cipher without a key: besides that
+    commonly the ink and paper do so throughly incorporate,
+    that the letters are hardly discernable. It is possible
+    the Scots may take their money, if the other will pay
+    it; but if upon that consideration they leave the
+    Kingdom, or suffer the King to leave them, I will no
+    more pretend to divination. Let not those apprehensions
+    startle you nor be troubled that they seem sometimes to
+    make Propositions which you do not like; it being safe
+    and profitable to them to offer anything which they
+    foresee must be denied by their jealous brethren. Look
+    upon their Covenant, their avowed gloss upon that
+    Covenant published to the world, and tell me if any
+    contradications in Philosophy be more diametrically
+    opposite and impossible to be reconciled to the ends of
+    the Independents than those extremes. I wish I were as
+    sure that the King would not desert himself and his
+    pious and honourable principles (of which, truly I have
+    a great confidence) as that the Scots will stick to him,
+    when they are fully convinced that he is not to be
+    removed.
+
+    "Must I believe _H. Cressy's_[EN] resolution to be
+    peremptory whilst he remains in such company? Truly I am
+    exceedingly troubled for it.
+
+    "What scruples or scandals could work this odious
+    alteration (for methinks, apostacy is too cholerick a
+    word towards a friend) which you could not remove? It is
+    a great loss to the Church, but a greater to his
+    friends, dead and alive; for the dead suffer where their
+    memory and reputation is objected to question and
+    reproach.
+
+    "Is it a necessary consequence to the conscience, that
+    if a man turn to that Church, he must take orders in it?
+    Methinks there is a duty incumbent to the function, that
+    might well terrify a man that feels not a very strong
+    impulsion, though he were never so well satisfied in the
+    religion itself.
+
+    "If we can not keep him a Minister of our Church, I wish
+    he would continue a layman in their's, which would
+    somewhat lessen the defection, and it may be, preserve a
+    _greater proportion of his innocence_.
+
+    "I am very glad (for my own sake) that you have the
+    happiness to be known to my Lord Newcastle. I commit the
+    managing what concerns me, both in substance and
+    circumstance, wholly to your direction and dexterity: I
+    told you how far I was advanced by my Lord Withrington.
+    I pray remember my service to Mr. Hobbs by the same
+    token that Sydney Godolphin hath left to him by his
+    Will, a legacy of L200, and desire him for old
+    aquaintance sake, and for your intercession, to bestow
+    one of his books upon me, which I have never seen since
+    it was printed, and therefore know not how much it is
+    the same, which I had the favour to read in English. I
+    thank you for your wishing your self here. I am sure I
+    would purchase you at any price I could pay or promise,
+    if it were as fit for the prince, as it would be for me.
+    In the mean time I pray God he thinks your company as
+    good as they know it to be who cannot get it. But will
+    the good Bishop of Salisbury never come to relieve you?
+    What does he? Where is he? What do you answer to the
+    other thousand questions I have asked you?
+
+    "God send you a good New Year that may yield you a
+    decent plenty, till it may give you an honest peace, and
+    me meat enough against hunger, and cloathes enough
+    against cold.
+
+    "And then if the Stationers do not sue out a commission
+    of Bankruptcy against me for their arrears for paper and
+    ink, I shall not fear any other creditors, nor the
+    exception in the first where I will not give my place
+    for the best amongst the compounders, nor the worst
+    (that is the greatest) amongst the committee: less the
+    title of being.
+
+                                         Sir, yours, etc."
+    "Jersey, the 1st of January."
+    A Copy of Mr. Edgeman, 1646-1649.
+
+
+SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
+
+    "Well, admit you do spend three hours every day, that
+    you may spend one with the prince, allow two hours to
+    your dinner, and two hours in the projecting where to
+    get one, you have still a fair time to yourself, and one
+    half hour in a week, without question, to tell me that
+    you are alive, and that in this dismal time of mutation,
+    you are so far from change, that you continue even the
+    same to me.
+
+    "I am not willing to tell you, that though you owe me no
+    letters, you have three or four of mine unanswered, but
+    I must tell you the last packet from Paris brought me
+    none from you though I found by some I received, that
+    mine thither had not miscarried; so you were not without
+    provocation.
+
+    "Indeed you are to blame to trust me so much with myself
+    in this terrible conflict; with which most men are so
+    unworthily appalled: for truly your advice and
+    approbation is of singular comfort and encouragement to
+    me. And now I pray tell me what is that '_Charitas
+    Patriae_' which all moral and divine authors have so
+    much magnified. That I must not concur in the acts of
+    impiety and injustice of my country, though never so
+    generally practised, or do a thing in itself wicked to
+    save or preserve my country from any suffering, is I
+    doubt not very clear. But is that Charitas Patriae
+    utterly to be abolished and extinguished, for its
+    practise of that impiety and injustice? Should I wish
+    their irreligion destroyed by an army of Turks, or their
+    licence subdued by a power that would make them slaves?
+    Was it well said of Alcibiades, that he is truly a lover
+    of his country, not that refuseth to invade the country
+    he hath wrongfully lost but desires so much to be in it,
+    as by any means he can he will attempt to recover it?
+    Was not Jocasta more Christian to her Son Polynices;
+    _Petendo patriam perdis; ut fiat tua, vis esse nullam_.
+
+    "I pray, say somewhat to me of this argument; that I may
+    really know how far I may comply with passion and
+    provocation; and whether as no infirmity or impiety in
+    my prince can warrant or excuse my declension of
+    allegiance towards him, there be not some candour and
+    kindness to remain towards a man's country, though
+    infected with the most raging rebellion."
+
+    God preserve you!
+
+    8th of January 1646.
+    A rough Draught, corrected, and endorsed by himself.
+
+
+
+SIR EDWARD HYDE TO DR. JOHN EARLES.
+
+    "SIR,
+
+    "I told you long since that when I came to speak of that
+    unhappy battle of Newbury, I would enlarge upon the
+    memory of our dear friend that perished there: to which
+    I concieve myself obliged, not more by the rights of
+    friendship than of history, which ought to transmit the
+    virtue of excellent persons to posterity: and therefore
+    I am careful to do justice to every man that hath fallen
+    in the quarrel, on which side soever, as you will find
+    by what I have said of Mr. Hambden himself.
+
+    "I am now past that point, and being quickened by your
+    most elegant and ([EO]political) commemoration of him
+    and from hints there, thinking it necessary to say
+    somewhat for his vindication in such particulars as may
+    possibly have made impression in good men, it may be I
+    have insisted longer upon the argument than may be
+    agreeable to the rules to be observed in such a work,
+    though it be not much longer than Livy is in
+    recollecting the virtues of one of the Scipio's after
+    his death. I wish it were with you that you might read
+    it, for if you thought it unproportionable for the place
+    where it is I could be willingly diverted to make it a
+    piece by itself, and inlarge it into the whole size of
+    his life; and that way it would sooner be communicated
+    to the world. And you know Tacitus published the life of
+    Julius Agricola before either his annals or his history.
+
+    "I am contented you should laugh at me for a fop in
+    talking of Livy and Tacitus; when all I can hope for is
+    to side Hollingshead, and Stow, or (because he is a poor
+    knight too, and worse than either of them) Sir Richard
+    Baker. But if I had not hooked them in this way, how
+    should I have been able to tell you, that I have this
+    year read over Livy and Tacitus; which will never be
+    found by the language and less by the Latin. We have had
+    no boat out of Normandy these ten days, so that we have
+    heard nothing from the Isle of Wight since the Kings
+    first message thence. God send us good news that we may
+    again (in what condition soever) enjoy one another;
+    which will be a very great satisfaction to; your most
+    affectionate humble servant."
+
+  "Jersey this 14 Dec. St. vet."
+
+    A Copy, endorsed by himself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are two very long letters of Feb. 12th and March 16th, 1647--too
+long to quote in full--from which I have thought it worth while to make
+extracts.
+
+Concerning the subject of the Charitas Patriae, "I cannot" he says,
+"rejoice at foreign powers being at peace" that there might be "forces
+vacant for the reduction of England,"--but he appeals to Earle for "advice
+and direction; upon whose judgment, discretion, and conscience I do so
+much depend that I do really suspect my own when I find it at all differ
+from yours." He speaks too of Earle's company being so comforting to his
+fellow-exiles. Jersey Feb. 12th.
+
+In the letter of March 16th, speaking of possible deterioration of
+character--of "innocence destroyed," of "wiping out the old loved prints,"
+he adds that the "shame of communicating his thoughts" to Earle [in case
+of his (the writer's) falling away] will, he hopes, keep him from any
+"alteration." In the same letter there is another reference to what Earle
+had written about Lord Falkland--no such work I understand survives--"I
+would desire you at your leisure to send me that discourse of your own
+which you read to me in the end of your _Contemplations upon the Proverbs_
+in memory of my Lord Falkland: of whom, in its place, I intend to speak
+largely--"so far from being an indecorum (it will be) no less the business
+of history than the truth of things."
+
+Anthony Wood's opinion [Bliss's reference to Wood is very brief] of Earle
+may be added to Clarendon's testimonies: "This Dr. Earl was a [EP]_very
+genteel man_, a contemner of the world, religious, and most worthy of the
+office of a Bishop." He is elsewhere styled by him "learned and
+godly,"--but the epithet "genteel" gives an extra touch that we should be
+loth to lose. In reference to his Latin Translation of Hooker's
+Ecclesiastical Polity he adds: "He was only the fit man to make the
+learned of all nations happy." Of the Hortus Mertonensis he tells us that
+it was one "of several copies of his ingenuity and poetry that were
+greedily gathered up" at the University.
+
+I have said in the Preface that nothing is known to Earle's disparagement.
+It is true that Ludlow says[EQ]: "Dr. Earle told me that by abolishing
+episcopacy we took away all the encouragement to learning; for that men
+would not send their sons to the University had they not some hopes that
+they would attain preferment." And he is very severe on "this sordid
+principle and consideration." That it was not the recommendation of
+learning to Earle is abundantly proved by the Microcosmography--but he
+might well think the University ought not to lose the advantage of any
+material inducements such as might appeal to ordinary men.
+
+Earle, moreover, was a humourist, and may have amused himself with
+arguments which seemed good enough for his audience. Lord Macaulay must
+not be supposed indifferent to learning because he told his nephew to "get
+a good degree at College and become a Fellow--_for then_ he would have
+almonds and raisins for the rest of his life for nothing!"
+
+My interleaved copy of Bliss has on the fly-leaf the words "the castrated
+title and leaf are preserved, with the addition of a proof title page with
+Dr. Bliss's name omitted." The copy is announced in a catalogue slip
+pasted in at the end of the book as containing[ER] MS. notes by Joseph
+Haslewood and Dr. Bliss. The words above the title--Ex dono _editoris_
+(altered to _impressoris_)--have the initials J. H. below them. There are
+also three advertisements of Bliss's book, "published this day," two of
+them on coloured paper pasted in the beginning; the third is supplemented
+by a notice from the Monthly Review, Feb. 1812, which runs as
+follows:--"We recommend the perusal of this work to every class of
+readers, since it is in truth a store house of wit and wisdom ... The old
+fashioned dress in which these acute strictures on human life appear,
+while it takes little or nothing from their intelligibility, adds much to
+their force and liveliness. The lovers of proverbial wit, for many of
+these characters are strings of judicious adages, are therefore greatly
+obliged to Mr. Bliss for his pleasing republication of so pregnant a
+volume. The notes are instructive without prolixity: the index is
+extremely useful, for it is really astonishing[ES] _how large a quantity
+of good matter_ is scattered up and down the present _duodecimo_ (the
+advt. calls it _octavo_), and the appendix contains an ample store of
+black-letter information, and will introduce almost every reader to some
+new acquaintances, who have singularity at least, if nothing else to
+recommend them. The Life of the Bishop, and the list of his works are
+particularly interesting."
+
+All readers of Cowper will remember what a weight of authority the
+criticism of the Monthly Review carried with it, and the pathetic appeal
+of the Author to the Editor--"but oh!, dear Mr. Griffith, let me pass for
+a genius at Olney."[ET]
+
+The notes and illustrations which Dr. Bliss did _not_ make use of in his
+edition are as follows.[EU]
+
+Two are on the serving-man, 'In querpo.'
+
+                          "I am borne sweet lady
+    To a poore fortune that will keep myself
+    And Footman, as you see, to bear my sword
+    In Cuerpo after me."
+
+    --_Mayne's City Match, a Comedy, 4to, 1658._
+
+"You shall see him in the morning in the gallery--first, at noon in the
+Bullion, in the evening in Quirpo."--Massinger's Fatal Dowry.
+
+"Dr. Johnson explains querpo, which he says is corrupted from cuerpo
+(Spanish), as a dress close to the body. Dryden uses it."
+
+On the same character he has a quotation from Religio Regis, 12mo, 1715:
+King James in his advice to his son Henry, Prince of Wales, says "hawking
+is not to be condemned, but nevertheless, give me leave to say, it is more
+uncertain than the others (hunting), and subject to mischances."
+
+On the "She-precise Hypocrite" he has a note--on "Geneva."
+
+    Like a Geneva weaver in black, who left
+    The loom and entered into the ministry
+    For Conscience Sake.--_Mayne's City Match._
+
+On 'door-posts' in 'The Aldermen' he quotes, "a pair of such brothers were
+fitter for posts without dore indeed, to make a shew at a new-chosen
+magistrate's gate."--_The Widow_, 4to, 1652.
+
+Of 'Paul's Walk' there is yet one more illustration. "Walk in the middle
+Ile in Paul's, and gentlemen's teeth walk not faster at ordinaries than
+there a whole day togeather about inquirie after newes."--Theeves falling
+out true men come by their good, or the Belman wanted a clapper, _4to,
+Lond., 1615._
+
+On the Pot-Poet he has a quotation from _Whimzies, a new cast of
+Characters_, 8vo, Lond., 1633, an illustration of the "_strange monster
+out of Germany_." "Nor comes his invention farre short of his imagination:
+for want of truer relations, for a neede he can find a Sussex dragone,
+some sea or Inland monster, drawn out by some Shoe Lane man in a
+gorgon-like feature, to enforce more horror in the beholder."
+
+At the end of the Characters there is an extract from a letter of
+Clarendon which mentions that the deanery of Westminster "was designed to
+a person of very known and confessed merit," (most probably Dr. John
+Earle) _written below_. He quotes Anthony Wood on the other side of this
+leaf for Earle's friendships, with Henry Cary, first Earle of
+Monmouth--with George Morley, afterwards Bishop of Winchester. Morley and
+Earle lived together at Antwerp till they were called to attend on the
+Duke of York in France. Two passages of Anthony Wood, which he does not
+quote, are worth recalling. Morley was sent by Charles II. to "thank
+Salmasius for his Apology for his Martyrd father, but not with a purse of
+gold as Joh. Milton, the impudent lyer, reported." Henry Cary was "well
+skill'd in the modern languages, and a general scholar"; and thus "was
+capacitated [by a forced retiredness in the troublesome times of
+Rebellion] to exercise himself in studies, while others of the nobility
+were fain to truckle to their inferiors for company sake."
+
+I have only given two title-pages of editions in the year of publication.
+A table of editions is given on the next page.
+
+
+[_Title-page of first edition of 1628._]
+
+                 Micro-cosmographie;
+
+                        or,
+
+                    A Peece of
+                     The World
+                    discovered;
+                  In Essayes and
+                   Characters.
+
+  [Here is inserted in MS.--"Written by John Earles
+               of Merton Coll."]
+
+       _Newly composed for the Northerne parts
+                of this Kingdome._
+
+                      AT LONDON:
+             PRINTED BY W. S., FOR ED. BLOUNT.
+                         1628.
+
+
+[_Title-page of 3rd edition of 1628._]
+
+  Micro-cosmographie;
+
+  or,
+
+  A Peece of
+
+  The World
+
+  discovered;
+
+  In Essayes and
+
+  Characters.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  PRINTED BY WILLIAM STANSBURY, FOR
+  ROBERT ALLOT, 1628.
+
+  [W. H. Allnutt, in a MS. note inserted in the Bodleian
+  copy of Arber's Reprint of the Characters, states
+  that Arber has mistaken the order of priority of the
+  three 1628 edd. Arber places the ed. with the above
+  title-page second, and that of which the title is copied
+  on p. 330, third. The second ed., called by Arber
+  the first, is not in the Bodleian.]
+
+The last written page of the Durham MS. has by way of Colophon
+
+Finis.
+
+  December     anno Do
+  This 14th      mini
+     day        1627.
+
+"This little volume in calf binding, about 12mo size, is doubtless one of
+those referred to by Ed. Blount in his address to the Reader. The MS. is
+written in an exceedingly neat and small hand on the pages of the
+previously bound book, with margin lines ruled in red. At the top of the
+first page is written in a different hand, 'Edw. Blunt, Author.' The MS.
+contains 46 Characters in all, and is free from some evident blunders in
+the first printed copies, as if they had been done from dictation."
+
+This MS. in the Durham Cathedral Library is entered in the catalogue (of
+the Hunter MSS.) as "Characters by Edward Blunt," and dated "about 1636,"
+the date _in the MS._ having been overlooked.
+
+Dr. Fowler in _Notes and Queries_, Nov. 4th, 1871.
+
+EARLE'S MICROCOSMOGRAPHY.
+
+ --------------------------------------+------+----------+-----+-------+--------
+                                       |      |          |Bliss|       |
+                                       |Bliss,| Bliss,   |Sale,|British|
+ EDITION.                              |1811 .| 1812-57. |1858.|Museum |Bodleian
+ --------------------------------------+------+----------+-----+-------+--------
+ "W. Stansby for Edward Blount,"[EV]   |      |          |     |       |
+   1628(_a_)                           | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ "W. Stansby for Robert Allot," 1628   |      |          |     |       |
+   (_b_)[EW]                           | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+ "W. S. for Ed. Blount," 1628 (_c_)[EX]| Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+                             4th       | No   |   No     | No  |  No   |  No
+                             5th  1629 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+                             6th  1630 | No   |   No     | No  |  Yes  |  No
+                            "6th" 1633 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+                             7th  1638 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (A reprint of one of the              |      |          |     |       |
+   first four)                    1650 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (Very doubtful)                  1659 | No   |"Mr.      | No  |  No   |  No
+                                       |      |Gilchrist"|     |       |
+                                       |      |told him  |     |       |
+                                       |      |he possessed a  |       |
+                                       |      |copy by the same|       |
+                                       |      |printers as in  |       |
+                                       |      |1669 but with   |       |
+                                       |      |"1659."   |     |       |
+                             8th  1664 | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+                             9th  1669 | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+ (1669 edition, with new title)   1676 | No   |   Yes    | Yes |  No   |  No
+ (Reprint of 1633 edition)        1732 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (1732 edition, with new title         |      |          |     |       |
+   and small changes)             1740 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (Reprint of 1650 edition)        1786 | Yes  |          | Yes |  Yes  |  No
+ (Bliss's edition)                1811 |      |          | Yes |  Yes  |  Yes
+ (Arber's edition)        1868 or 1869 |      |          |     |  Yes  |  Yes
+ --------------------------------------+------+----------+-----+-------+--------
+
+                                         _British
+                                         Museum._   _Bodleian._   _Bliss._
+ _As to the three 1628 editions_--
+   A is regarded as                        1st          2nd         3rd
+   B      "      "                         2nd          3rd         2nd
+   C      "      "                         3rd          1st         1st
+
+C has "Newly composed for the Northerne parts of this Kingdome."
+
+  F. MADAN, _Sub-Librarian Bodleian Library_,
+  _February 11th, 1897._
+
+This table was compiled for me most kindly by Mr. MADAN. It answers the
+question, what editions Bliss knew of at _various times_.
+
+The following passage from Evelyn's Diary adds one more testimony to
+Earle. _Nov. 30th, 1662._ "Invited by the Deane of Westminster (Dr. Earle)
+to his consecration dinner and ceremony on his being made Bishop of
+Worcester. Dr. Bolton preached in the Abbey Church--then followed the
+consecration.... After this was one of the most plentiful and magnificent
+dinners that in my life I ever saw. It cost neere L600.... Here were the
+Judges, Nobility, Clergy, and gentlemen innumerable, this Bishop being
+universally belov'd for his sweete and gentle disposition. He was author
+of those characters which go under the name of Blount. He translated his
+late Majesty's Icon into Latine, was Clerk of his Closet, Chaplaine, Deane
+of Westminster, and yet a most humble, meeke, but cheerful man, an
+_excellent scholar_,[EY] and rare preacher. I had the honour to be loved
+by him. He married me at Paris, during his Majesties and the Churches
+exile. When I tooke leave of him he brought me to the Cloysters in his
+episcopal habit." He elsewhere speaks of "going to St. Germans to desire
+of Dr. Earle," then in attendance at the Prince of Wales' Court, that he
+would marry him "at the chapel of his Majesty's Resident at the Court of
+France," June 10th, 1647. A sermon of Earle's, "my deare friend now Deane
+of Westminster" is mentioned on Christmas Day 1660. It was one "condoling
+the breache made in the public joy by the lamented death of the Princess
+of Orange." My attention was drawn to these passages by a friend who
+claims descent from Bishop Earle--Mr. W. B. Alt, of New College, Oxford.
+
+A testimony from another _hand_[EZ] is quoted in Bliss's annotated copy.
+"How well he understood the world in his younger days appears by his smart
+characters; how little he valued it was seen in the careless indifference
+of his holy contemplative life."
+
+In Burnet's History of his own Times we are told that Charles II. "who had
+a secret pleasure in finding out anything that lessened a man esteemed
+eminent for piety, yet had a value for him (Earle) beyond all the men of
+his order." (See Arber's Reprint.) On the other hand the Parliament in
+1645 had named him as one to be summoned to the Assembly of Divines, but
+he declined to come.[FA]
+
+In 1654 there was printed at the Hague an Elzevir volume--"morum
+exemplar," _Latin_ characters by one Louis du Moulin. He aspires he says
+in the preface to be the Virgil or Seneca to Earle's Theocritus or
+Menander.
+
+This is his testimony to the characters.
+
+"Et sane salivam primum mihi movit vester Earles cujus characteribus, non
+puto quicquam exstare vel severius ubi seria tractat, vel festivius quands
+_innoxie_ jocatur: ant pictorem unquam penicillo propius ad nativam
+speciem expressisse hominis vultus, quam ille ejus mores patria lingua
+descripserit."
+
+It may be of interest to mention in connection with the title of Earle's
+book that the phrase of Menenius Agrippa in Coriolanus.--"The _Map_ of my
+Microcosm" actually occurs as a title of a book of characters by H.
+Broune, 1642, the alternative description being "a morall description of
+man newly compiled into Essays.
+
+Bliss's MS. book illustrates what I have said in the preface of the change
+in the character-sketch. The essay and the pamphlet gradually usurp the
+place of social studies. The great mass of the "characters" of the last
+half of the seventeenth century are political or religious. On the other
+hand, while the only _prose_ character in Bliss of the sixteenth century
+deals with the criminal classes, "a discoverie of ten English leapers
+verie noisome and hurtfull to the Church and Commonwealth," quoted in his
+MS. notebook, mixes such characters with "the Simoniacke," "the murmurer,"
+"the covetous man." The date is 1592. (The Tincker of Torvey (1630) also
+exhibits this mixture.)
+
+It may be worth while to add a few titles of books of characters, as
+illustrating the range of this class of literature, or as being in
+themselves interesting. They are from Bliss's own notes in his own copy of
+his book or in the MS. note book before referred to.
+
+1. "The Coffee-House--a character."
+
+                 {When coffee once was vended here,
+  Prefatory      {The Alc'ran shortly did appear,
+  verses.        {... reformers were such widgeons,
+                 {New liquors brought in new religions.
+
+2. Also a character of coffee and coffee-houses. "It was first brought
+into England when the palats of the English were as fanaticall as their
+brains.... The Englishman will be a la mode de France. With the barbarous
+Indian he smooks tobacco: with the Turk he drinks coffee."
+
+3. News from the new Exchange. The commonwealth of ladies. Printed in the
+_year of women with out Grace_, 1650.
+
+4. There are many countries characterized--Italy, Spain, Holland,
+Scotland. 'Holland' is in verse. It bears out Earle's contemptuous
+references to the Dutch. It is here called "The offscouring of the British
+land."
+
+    "This indigested vomit of the sea
+    Fell to the Dutch by just propriety."
+
+1672. [It will be found among Marvell's satires, but Bliss does not
+mention this.]
+
+5. "Scotland characteriz'd: in a letter to a young gentleman to dissuade
+him from an intended journey thither, 1701."
+
+6. "The noble cavalier characterized," "& a rebellious caviller
+cauterized," 1644 _or_ 5. An answer to Wither's Campo Musae. A vigorous
+preface says--"To begin roundly, soundly, and profoundly, the Cavalier is
+a gentleman." By John Taylor.
+
+7. Lucifer's Lacky: the true character of a dissembling Brownist, 1641.
+
+8. "The Tincker of Torvey: a scholler, a cobler, a tincker, a smith; with
+Bluster, a seaman, travel from Billingsgate to Gravesend." 1650.
+
+9. "The interpreter," 1622, deals with "three principall terms of state--a
+puritan, a Protestant, a papist."
+
+10. "The Joviall Crew; or the Devill turn'd Ranter." 1651.
+
+11. [Greek: ta diapheronta]; or divine characters, in two parts, will have
+an interest for Bristol readers; it is "by that late burning and shining
+lamp, Master Samuel Crook, B.D., late Pastor of Wrington in Somerset, who
+being dead yet speaketh." 1658.
+
+12. "A character of the Religion and manners of Phanatiques in Generall,"
+1660, includes in the list "Seekers and Enthusiasts." The last sounds
+strange as _a species_.
+
+13. "The character of an Ignoramus Doctor," 1681, recalls The
+Microcosmography.
+
+14. The captive Captain, or the restrained Cavalier," 1665, also, in part,
+suggests Earle. "Of a Prison," "The anatomy of a Jayler," "The lean
+Prisoner," "The restrained Cavalier and his melancholy."
+
+15. Bliss also mentions "The character of a learned man," and gives some
+choice extracts. "Our sottish and idle enthusiasts are to be reproved who
+call learning but a _splendidum peccatum_." "Alexander commanded his
+soldiers neither to damnify Pindarus, the poet, nor any of his family."
+
+16. "A wandering Jew telling fortunes to Englishmen." 1640.
+
+17. "The spiritual navigators bound for the Holy Land." 1615.
+
+18. "The picture of a modern Whig: a dialogue between Whiglove and Double,
+at Tom's Coffee-House." 1715.
+
+19. In 1671 "Le vice ridicule" appeared. A sort of translation of Earle's
+characters.
+
+20. Pictures of Passions, Fancies, and Affections, poetically deciphered
+in variety of characters (no date).
+
+21. Characters of gentlemen that have put in to the Ladies Invention. This
+begins--"A little Beau of the city strain."
+
+22. Characters of several ingenious designing gentlewomen, who have lately
+put in to the Ladies Invention, which is intended to be drawn as soon as
+full. (There is no date to either of these.)
+
+One or two extracts may be added from Anthony Wood.
+
+"Lord Falkland, when he became one of the gentlemen of His Majesty's Privy
+Chamber, had frequent retirements to Great Tew and sometimes to Oxon, for
+the company of and conversation with learned and witty men. William
+Chillingworth (author of the Religion of Protestants), Joh. Earle,[FB]
+Charles Gataker (son of Thomas Gataker [the Editor of Marcus Aurelius] and
+Anthony Wood thinks Chaplain to Lord Falkland); Thomas Triplet, a very
+witty man of Christ Church; Hugh Cressey, and others.[FC] Cressey wrote a
+number of theological works, and in one of them occurs the testimony to
+Earle given in Bliss."
+
+The saturnine Anthony Wood is amusingly illustrated in two passages from
+his notice of Earle. "John Earle received his first being in this vain and
+transitory world within the city of York.... His elegy on Beaumont was
+printed at the end of the quarto edition of Beaumont's poems--put out with
+a poetical epistle before them, subscribed by a _Presbyterian
+bookbinder_--afterwards an informer to the Court of Sequestration ... _and
+a beggar defunct in prison_"! In the notice of Morley he tells us that
+"his banishment was made less tedious to him by the company of Dr. Joh.
+Earle, his dearest friend." It is sad to find that the translation of
+Hooker which was "to make the learned of all nations happy" was "utterly
+destroyed"--the loose papers being taken by the servants after Earle's
+death "to light their fires or else to put under their bread and pies."
+This translation "was Earle's entertainment during a part of his exile at
+Cologne." See the Bodleian letters quoted in Arber's Reprint. To that
+Reprint I have been much indebted for help of various kinds.
+
+My warmest thanks are due to Professor Rowley, of University College,
+Bristol, whom I have constantly consulted while preparing this issue of
+Dr. Bliss's edition. If one may be allowed a slight twist of a
+Shakspearian phrase, I would say of such help as his--"Ripeness is all."
+It is this quality that makes one at least of Professor Rowley's friends
+so grateful and so importunate.
+
+  S. T. I.
+  Clifton, April, 1897.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[EI] In a later hand.
+
+[EJ] Arcana in margin.
+
+[EK] Th. in margin, _i.e._, Th[omas].
+
+[EL] In a later hand.
+
+[EM] In the later hand.
+
+[EN] A fellow of Merton with Earle. His testimony to Earle is quoted by
+Bliss. Anthony Wood says of him, "that when he lost his most beloved Lord
+Falkland, at Newbury Fight, he travelled as a tutor, and upon a freight
+that the Church of England would terminate through the endeavours of the
+peevish and restless Presbyterians, began to think of settling himself in
+the Church of Rome." He recanted his errors publicly at Rome in 1646.
+
+[EO] Poetical?
+
+[EP] This epithet with Clarendon's "wary and cultivated" must be set
+against what Clarendon tells us of his "negligence in dress, habit and
+mien." Earle can never have been awkward. His courtesy was born with him,
+and he can never have needed (like "the downright scholar") "brushing over
+with good company."
+
+[EQ] Memoirs, vol. I, p. 81, ed. C. Firth.
+
+[ER] I ought to say that Mr. Madan, who was kind enough to look at my
+copy, does not think many of the notes are in Bliss's hand-writing.
+
+[ES] "More care, attention, accuracy and valuable enlargement from an
+inexhaustible stock of materials has rarely been witnessed than in the
+editorial labours of Dr. Bliss."--Dibdin, speaking of Bliss's edition of
+the Athenae Oxonienses.
+
+[ET] Cowper's Letters, June 12th, 1782.
+
+[EU] Some of the MS. notes in my copy are the same as those in the printed
+volume.
+
+[EV] To Bliss's notice of {Blount Blunt}; it may be added that "Pericles"
+was printed for him in 1609; and the first edition of Marlow's "Hero and
+Leander" in 1598 ["printed for Edward Blunt by Adam Islip" (Philemon
+Holland's printer)]. Marlow's "First Book of Lucan" (1600) has a humorous
+and complimentary dedication to Blunt from another bookseller, Thomas
+Thorpe. See "Earlier History of English Bookselling." (Sampson and Low.)
+
+[EW] The second folio Shakespeare (1632) was printed for him.
+
+[EX] The 1613 edition of Hero and Leander was printed by W. Stansby for
+Ed. Blunt. He also published some of Ben Jonson's works.
+
+[EY] Sir Henry Savile, Provost of Eton, and editor of the famous
+Chrysostom, recognised Earle's scholarship. "When a young scholar was
+recommended to him for a good witt,--Out upon him! I'll have nothing to do
+with him--he would say, give me the plodding student. If I would look for
+witts, I would go to Newgate--There be the witts! and John Earle was the
+only scholar that ever he took as recommended for a witt."--_Aubrey._
+
+[EZ] David Lloyd, "Memoirs," 1668, folio.
+
+[FA] "The very Parliament naming him as worthy ... though he thought not
+it worthy of him."--_Ib._
+
+[FB] Aubrey calls him "an ingeniose young gent, but no writer."
+
+[FC] "Ben Jonson, Edmund Waller, Esq., Mr. Th. Hobbes, and all the
+excellent witts of that peaceable time."--_Aubrey._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Microcosmography, by John Earle
+
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