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diff --git a/26121.txt b/26121.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b325530 --- /dev/null +++ b/26121.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2302 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 33, June 15, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 33, June 15, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: July 24, 2008 [EBook #26121] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, JUNE 15, 1850. *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, V. L. Simpson +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +---------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. are | + | surrounded by _underline characters_. Greek transliterations | + | are surrounded by ~tildes~. Hebrew transliterations appear | + | like #this#. | + | Archaic spellings have been retained. | + | Some hyphenation inconsistencies retained. | + | Superscript contractions indicated as S^r | + | Page numbers have been retained. Indicated as {Page} | + +---------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + {33} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"WHEN FOUND, MAKE A NOTE OF."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + NO. 33.] + + SATURDAY, JUNE 15. 1850. + + {Price Threepence. + {Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + + CONTENTS. Page + + NOTES:-- + + Dr. Whichcote and Lord Shaftesbury, by S. W. Singer 33 + The Rebel 34 + Notes on the Hippopotamus 35 + Folk Lore:--Northamptonshire Charms for Wens, + Cramp, Tooth-ache, West or Sty, &c. 36 + Brasichellen and Serpilius, by J. Sansom 37 + + QUERIES:-- + + Sir George Buc, by Rev. T. Corser 38 + Cosas de Espana 39 + Carter's Drawings of York Cathedral, by J. Britton 40 + Minor Queries:--"Imprest" and "Debenture"--Cosen's + MSS.--Barclay's Argenis--Clergy sold for Slaves-- + Meaning of Pallet--Tobacco in the East--Stephanus + Brulifer 40 + + REPLIES:-- + + Asinorum Sepultura 41 + Pope Felix 42 + Replies to Numismatic Queries 42 + "As Lazy as Ludlum's Dog" 42 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Lord John + Townshend--When Easter ends--Holdsworth and + Fuller--Gookin--"Brozier"--Symbols of Four + Evangelists--Catacombs and Bone-houses--Tace Latin + for Candle--Members for Durham--"A Frog he would," + &c.--Cavell--To endeavour ourselves--Three + Dukes--Christabel--Derivation of "Trianon" 43 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 47 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 47 + Notices to Correspondents 47 + Advertisements 48 + + * * * * * + + + + +Notes. + + +DR. WHICHCOTE, MICHAEL AYNSWORTH, AND LORD SHAFTESBURY. + +Not less remarkable and interesting than the publication of Dr. +Whichcote's Sermons by the noble author of the _Characteristics_, is a +posthumous volume (though never designed for the press) under the +following title:-- + + "Several Letters written by a Noble Lord to a Young Man at the + University. + + "Quo semel est imbuta recens servabit odorem Testa diu.--_Hor. + Epist._ ii. 1. + + "Printed for J. Roberts, near the Oxford Arms, in Warwick Lane, + 1716. 8vo." + +The young man was Michael Aynsworth, of University College, Oxford, +afterwards vicar of Cornhampton, in Hampshire, and master of the Free +School there. He was a native of Dorsetshire; his father, who was in +narrow circumstances, living near Wimborne St. Giles's, the seat of Lord +Shaftesbury, by whom the son seems to have been nobly patronised, on +account of his inclination to learning and virtuous disposition. + +The published letters are only _ten_ in number; but I have an accurate +manuscript transcript of _fifteen_, made from the originals by R. +Flexman (who had been a pupil of Aynsworth) in 1768. The transcriber's +account is as follows:-- + + "After Mr. Aynsworth's death, these letters remained in the + possession of his daughter, and at her decease passed into the + the hands of the Rev. Mr. Upton, the then vicar of Cornhampton; + by him they were lent to my brother John Baker, of Grove Place, + in Hampshire, who lent them to me. It will be perceived that the + ten printed letters are not given as they were written, every + thing of a private nature being omitted, and passages only given + of other letters, just as the editor judged proper." + +R. Flexman has made some remarks illustrative of the letters at the end +of his transcript, and added some particulars relating to Lord +Shaftesbury. He justly says,-- + + "I think these letters will show his lordship in a more + favourable light with respect to the Christian religion than his + _Characteristics_, which, though they may be condemned on that + account, will ever remain a lasting monument of the genius of + the noble writer. It is certain, too, the friends of + Christianity are obliged to him for the publication of one of + the best volumes of sermons that ever appeared in the English + language. They are twelve in number, by Dr. Benjamin Whichcote. + These sermons (as well as the preface, which is admirable) + breathe such a noble spirit of Christianity, as I think will + efface every notion that his lordship was an enemy to the + Christian religion. In this preface he calls Dr. Whichcote (from + his pleading in defence of natural goodness) the 'preacher of + good nature.'" + +What follows will, I think, be acceptable to your correspondents C H. +and C. R. S. + + "I have heard that the way in which Lord Shaftesbury got + possession of the manuscript sermons was this:--Going one day to + visit his grandmother, the Countess Dowager, widow of the first + Earl, he found her reading a manuscript; on inquiring what she + was reading, she replied, that it was a sermon. His {34} + lordship expressed his surprise that she should take so much + trouble as to read a manuscript sermon when there were such + numbers in print. She said, she could find none so good as those + she had in manuscript. Lord Shaftesbury then requested the + favour of being allowed to peruse it, and having done so, he + inquired of the Countess if she had any more, as he should like + to read them all if she had. Having received and read them, he + was so much pleased, that he resolved to print them; and having + them prepared for the press, he published them with a preface + recommending the sermons and highly praising the author." + +It appears that the sermons were prepared for the press, at Lord +Shaftesbury's instance, by the Rev. William Stephens, rector of Sutton, +in Surrey; but the fact of the preface being by himself rests on the +undoubted evidence of his sister, Lady Betty Harris (wife of James +Harris of Salisbury, the author of _Hermes_), who mentioned having +written it from her brother's dictation, he being at that time too ill +to write himself. + +The letters to Michael Aynsworth are very interesting, from their +benevolent, earnest, and truly pious spirit, and might even now be read +with advantage by a young student of theology: but, being very severe in +many places upon the greater part of the body of the clergy _called_ the +Church of England, could have been by no means palatable to the High +Church party,-- + + "Who no more esteem themselves a Protestant Church, or in union + with those of Protestant communion, though they pretend to the + name of Christian, and would have us judge of the spirit of + Christianity from theirs; which God prevent! lest men should in + time forsake Christianity through their means." + +The eleventh letter in the MS. is important on account of the +observations it contains on the consequences which must inevitably arise +from Locke's doctrine respecting innate ideas. Locke had been tutor both +to Lord Shaftesbury and his father:-- + + "Mr. Locke, much as I honour him, and well as I know him, and + can answer for his sincerity as a most zealous Christian + believer, has espoused those principles which Mr. Hobbes set on + foot in the last century, and has been followed by the Tindals + and all the other free authors of our time. 'Twas Mr. Locke that + struck the home blow, (for Hobbes' character and base slavish + principles of government took off the poison of his philosophy), + struck at all fundamentals, threw all _order_ and _virtue_ out + of the world, and made the very _ideas_ of these (which are the + same as those of God), unnatural and without foundation in our + minds." + +It is remarkable that the volume of Whichcote's Sermons printed by Lord +Shaftesbury should have been republished at Edinburgh in 1742, with a +recommendatory epistle, by a Presbyterian divine, Dr. Wishart, principal +of the College of Edinburgh. In the very neat reprint of the collected +sermons given by Dr. Campbell and Dr. Gerard, in 4 vols., 8vo., +Aberdeen, 1751, prefixed to the third volume, we also find Lord +Shaftesbury's preface. + + S. W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, June 4. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +THE REBEL. + +Sir,--The printed copy of a song which I inclose is believed, by those +who are the best judges, to be the only copy, either printed or in +manuscript, now in existence. That circumstance may, perhaps, render it +acceptable to you: and I am not collector of curiosities, and I beg you +would do what you please with it. The verses are plainly more modern +than the motto: for there are, I think, two allusions to different plays +of the immortal bard of Stratford-on-Avon. But perhaps you will think +that he copied from it, as it is said he sometimes did from things not +so good as his own. I do not believe, for my own part, that it was +written till after the Great Rebellion. Bishop Christopherson, I take +it, was a Roman Catholic, but resident in England, and we see that he +wrote in English. The paper, you will observe, is foreign by the +texture, as well as by the water-mark, which I cannot very well make +out; but it seems to be a bust of somebody; while the type looks quite +English, and therefore it is no proof that it was printed abroad. + +As I give you my real name, I hope you will not consider me as holding, +or wishing to recommend, such opinions as are contained in the verses: +and by way of protest, you will allow me to subscribe myself, your +obedient servant, + + PACIFICUS. + + +"THE REBEL. + +"A New Song, or Balade, shewing the naughty conceits of Traytours; that +all loial and true-hearted men may know and eschew the same. + + "_They counte Peace to be cause of ydelnes, and that it maketh + men hodipekes and cowardes._"--Bp. Christopherson, _Exh. ag. + Rebel._ 1554. + + "Tell me no more of Peace-- + 'Tis cowardice disguised; + The child of Fear and heartless Ease, + A thing to be despised. + + "Let daffodills entwine + The seely Shepherd's brow, + A nobler wreath I'll win for mine, + The Lawrel's manly bough. + + "May-garlands fitter shew + On swains who dream of Love; + And all their cherisance bestow + Upon the whining dove-- + + "I'll have no doves--not I-- + Their softness is disgrace; + I love the Eagle's lightning eye, + That stares in Phaebus' face. + + "I mark'd that noble thing {35} + Bound on his upward flight, + Scatter the clouds with mighty wing, + And breast the tide of light-- + + "And scorn'd the things that creep + Prone-visaged on the Earth; + To eat it's fruits, to play, to sleep, + The purpose of their birth. + + "Such softlings take delight + In Cynthia's sickly beam-- + Give me a heav'n of coal black night + Slash'd with the watch-fire gleam. + + "They doat upon the lute, + The cittern and the lyre-- + Such sounds mine eare do little sute, + They match not my desire. + + "The trumpet-blast--let it come + In shrieks on the fitful gale, + The charger's hoof beat time to the drum, + And the clank of the rider's mail. + + "Not for the heaps untold + That swell the Miser's hoard, + I claim the birthright of the bold, + The dowry of the Sword-- + + "Nor yet the gilded gem + That coronets the slave-- + I clutch the spectre-diadem + That marshals on the brave. + + "For that--be Sin and Woe-- + All priests and women tell-- + Be Fire and Sword--I pass not tho' + This Earth be made a Hell. + + "Above the rest to shine + Is all in all to me-- + It is, unto a soul like mine, + To be or not to be. + + "Printed with Permission of Superiours: And are to be had of the + Printer, at his House hard by the sign of the Squirrel, + over-against the way that leadeth to the Quay." + +P.S. Query, What is a "hodipeke?" Is it a "hypocrite?" and should not +"Phaebus," in the fourth verse, be "Phoebus?" + + * * * * * + + +THE HIPPOPOTAMUS. + +The earliest mention of the hippopotamus is in Herodotus, who in ii. 71. +gives a detailed description of this inhabitant of the Nile. He is +stated by Porphyry to have borrowed this description from his +predecessor Hecataeus (Frag. 292. ap. _Hist. Gr. Fragm._, vol. i. ed. +Didot). Herodotus, however, had doubtless obtained his account of the +hippopotamus during his visit to Egypt. Cuvier (_Trad. de Pline_, par +Grandsagne, tom. vi. p. 444.) remarks that the description is only +accurate as to the teeth and the skin; but that it is erroneous as to +the size, the feet, the tail and mane, and the nose. He wonders, +therefore, that it should have been repeated, with few corrections or +additions, by Aristotle (_Hist. An._, ii. 1. and 7.; viii. 24.) and +Diodorus (i. 35.). Compare Camus, _Notes sur l'Histoire des Animaux +d'Aristote_, p. 418. + +None of the Greek writers appear to have seen a live hippopotamus; nor +is there any account of a live animal of this species having been +brought to Greece, like the live tiger which Seleucus sent to Athens. +According to Pliny (_H. N._, viii. 40.) and Ammianus Marcellinus (xxii. +15.), the Romans first saw this animal in the celebrated edileship of +AEmilius Scaurus, 58 B.C., when a hippopotamus and five crocodiles were +exhibited at the games, in a temporary canal. Dio Cassius, however, +states that Augustus Caesar first exhibited a rhinoceros and a +hippopotamus to the Roman people in the year 29 B.C. (li. 22.) Some +crocodiles and hippopotami, together with other exotic animals, were +afterwards exhibited in the games at Rome in the time of Antoninus Pius +(A.D. 138-80. See Jul. Capitolin. in _Anton. Pio_, c. 10.) and Commodus, +against his various exploits of animal warfare in the amphitheatre, slew +as many as five hippopotami (A.D. 180-92. See Dio Cass. lxxii. 10. and +19.; and Gibbon, c. 4.). Firmus, an Egyptian pretender to the empire in +the time of Aurelian, 273 A.D., once rode on the back of a hippopotamus +(Flav. Vopiscus, in _Firmo_, c. 6.): but this feat was probably +performed at Alexandria. + +The hippopotamus being an inhabitant of the Upper Nile, was imperfectly +known to the ancients. Fabulous anecdotes of its habits are recounted by +Pliny, _H. N._, viii. 39, 40., and by AElian, _De Nat. An._, v. 53. vii. +19. Achilles Tatius, who wrote as late as the latter half of the fifth +century of our era, says that it breathes fire and smoke (iv. 2.); while +Damascius, who was nearly his contemporary says that the hippopotamus is +an unjust animal, and represents Injustice in the hieroglyphic writing; +because it first kills its father and then violates its mother (ap. +Phot. _Bibl._ cod. 242., p. 322., b. 36. ed. Bekker.). + +Strabo (xv. 1.) and Arrian (_Ind._, c. 6.) say that the products of the +Indian rivers are similar to those of Ethiopia and Egypt, with the +exception of the hippopotamus. They add, however, that according to +Onesicritus, even this exception did not exist: for that the +hippopotamus was found in the rivers of India. The report of Onesicritus +was doubtless erroneous. + +Herodotus, Aristotle, and the other Greek writers constantly call this +animal ~hippos potamios~. The Latin writers use the improper compound +_hippo-potamus_; which, according to the ordinary rule of Greek +composition, means, not a _river-horse_, but a _horse-river_. The only +Greek writer in whom I have found the compound word ~hippopotamos~ is +Damascius, who wrote in the sixth century. Achilles Tatius, who lived +about the same time, calls the animal ~hippos tou Neilou~, which is, he +says, its Egyptian name. It seems probable that the word _hippopotamus_ +is a Roman corruption of the Greek substantive and adjective, and {36} +is not a proper Greek word. Why this animal was called a horse is not +evident. In shape and appearance it resembles a gigantic hog. Buffon +says that its name was derived from its _neighing_ like a horse +(_Quad._, tom. v., p. 165.). But query whether this is the fact? + +Bochart (_Hierozoicon_, P. ii., lib. v., c. 15, 16.) identifies the +"behemoth" of Job (c. 40.) with the hippopotamus, and the "leviathan" +with the crocodile. This view seems to be generally adopted by modern +commentators. (See Winer, _Bibl. Real-Woerterbuch_, art. "Nilpferd.") + +A _Historia Hippopotami veterum Critica_, by J. G. Schneider, is +appended to his edition of _Artedi Synonymia Piscium_, p. 247. + +The accounts of the hippopotamus since the revival of letters, beginning +with that published by Federigo Zerenghi, a Neapolitan surgeon, in 1603 +(see Buffon), appear to have been all derived from dead specimens, or +from the reports of travellers in Africa. Query, Has there been a live +hippopotamus in Europe since the reign of Commodus, with the exception +of the young animal now in the Zoological Gardens in the Regent's Park? + + L. + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Folk Lore of South Northamptonshire._ + +_Charming._--There are few villages in this district which are not able +to boast a professor of the healing art, in the person of an old woman +who pretends to the power of curing diseases by "charming;" and at the +present day, in spite of coroners' inquests and parish officers, a +belief in the efficacy of these remedies appears to be undiminished. Two +preliminaries are given, as necessary to be strictly observed, in order +to ensure a perfect cure. First, that the person to be operated upon +comes with a full and earnest belief that a cure _will_ be effected; +and, secondly, that the phrases "please" and "thank you" do not occur +during the transaction. The established formula consists in the +charmer's crossing the part affected, and whispering over it certain +mysterious words--doubtless varied according to the disorder, but the +import of which I have never been able to learn; for as there is a very +prevalent notion that, if once disclosed, they would immediately lose +their virtue, the possessors are generally proof against persuasion or +bribery. In some cases it is customary for the charmer to "bless" or +hallow cords, or leathern thongs, which are given to the invalids to be +worn round the neck. An old woman living at a village near Brackley has +acquired a more than ordinary renown for the cure of agues by this +means. According to her own account, she received the secret from the +dying lips of her mother; who, in her turn, is said to have received it +from her's. As this old dame is upwards of ninety, and still refuses to +part with her charm, the probability of it perishing with her, forms a +constant theme of lamentation among her gossips. It must not be imagined +that these ignorant people make a trade of their supposed art. On the +contrary, it is believed that any offer of pecuniary remuneration would +at once break the spell, and render the charm of no avail; and though it +must be admitted that the influence and position naturally accruing to +the possessor of such attributes, affords a sufficient motive for +imposture, yet I think, for the most part, they may be said to be the +dupes of their own credulity, and as fully convinced of their own +infallibility as can be the most credulous of their admirers. + +The following are a few of the more common traditionary charms (used +without having recourse to the charmer) at present current among the +rural population of this district. + +_Warts._--Take one of the large black snails, which are to be found +during summer in every hedgerow, rub it over the wart, and then hang it +on a thorn. This must be done nine nights successively, at the end of +which times the wart will completely disappear. For as the snail, +exposed to such cruel treatment, will gradually wither away, so it is +believed the wart, being impregnated with its matter, will slowly do the +same. + +_Wens._--After a criminal is dead, but still hanging, his hand must be +rubbed thrice over the wen. (Vide _Brand_, vol iii. p. 153.) Many +persons are still living who in their younger days have undergone the +ceremony, always, they say, attended with complete success. On execution +days at Northampton, numbers of sufferers used to congregate round the +gallows, in order to receive the "dead-stroke," as it is termed. At the +last execution which took place in that town, a very few only were +operated upon, not so much in consequence of decrease of faith, as from +the higher fee demanded by the hangman. + +_Epistaxis._--For stopping or preventing bleeding at the nose, a toad is +killed by transfixing it with some sharp pointed instrument, after which +it is inclosed in a little bag and suspended round the neck. The same +charm is also occasionally used in cases of fever. The following passage +From Sir K. Digby's _Discourse on Sympathy_ (Lond. 1658) may enlighten +us as to the principle:-- + + "In time of common contagion, they use to carry about them the + powder of a toad, and sometimes a living toad or spider shut up + in a box; or else they carry arsnick, or some other venemous + substance, which _draws unto it the contagious air_, which + otherwise would infect the party." p. 77. + +_Another for the Same._--If it be a man who suffers, he asks a female to +buy him a lace, (if a female she asks a man), without either giving +money, saying what it is wanted for, or returning thanks when {37} +received. The lace so obtained must be worn round the neck for the space +of nine days; at the expiration of which, it is said, the patient will +experience no return of the disorder. + +_Cramp._--We still retain such a high sense of the efficacy of the form +of the cross, that in case of spasms, or that painful state of the feet +in which they are said to "sleep," it is commonly used, under the +impression that it mitigates, if not entirely allays, the pain. Warts +are also charmed away by crossing them with elder sticks: and a very +common charm for the cramp consists in the sufferer's always taking +care, when he pulls off his shoes and stockings, to place them in such a +position as to form a resemblance to the "holy sign." + +Another and very common charm resorted to for the cure of this painful +disorder, consists in the wearing about the person the patella of a +sheep or lamb, here known as the "cramp-bone." This is worn as near the +skin as possible, and at night is laid under the pillow. One instance of +a _human_ patella being thus used has come under my notice, but I +believe this to be by no means common. + +_Toothache._--Few ailments have more charms for its cure than this. In +point of efficacy none are reckoned better than a tooth taken from the +mouth of a corpse, which is often enveloped in a little bag, and hung +round the neck. A double nut is also sometimes worn in the pocket for +the same purpose. + +_Hooping-cough._--A small quantity of hair is taken frown the nape of +the child's neck, rolled up in a piece of meat, and given to a dog, in +the firm belief that the disease thereby becomes transferred to the +animal. A friend informs me that the same charm is well known in +Gloucestershire. + +_Rheumatism._--The right forefoot of a hare, worn constantly in the +pocket, is considered a fine amulet against the "rheumatiz." + +_West._--In order to be rid of the painful tumour on the eyelid, +provincially known as the _west_ or _sty_, it is customary for the +sufferer, on the first night of the new moon, to procure the tail of a +black cat, and after pulling from it one hair, rub the tip _nine_ times +over the pustule. As this has a very cabalistic look, and is moreover +frequently attended with sundry severe scratches, a gold ring is found +to be a much more harmless substitute; and as it is said to be equally +beneficial with the former, it is now more commonly used. This +superstition is alluded to by Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mad Lovers_, v. +4.:-- + + "---- I have a _sty_ here, Chilax. + + _Chi._ I have no gold to cure it, not a penny." + +_Thorn._--The following word charm is used to prevent a thorn from +festering:-- + + "Our Saviour was of a virgin born, + His head was crowned with a crown of thorn; + It never canker'd nor fester'd at all, + And I hope in Christ Jesus this never shaull [shall]." + +This will remind the reader of the one given by Pepys, vol. ii. p. 415. + + T. S. + + * * * * * + + +BRASICHELLEN AND SERPILIUS--EXPURGATORY INDEX. + +I have a note, and should be glad to put a query, on the subject of a +small octavo volume, of which the title is, "Indicis Librorum +Expurgandorum, in studiosorum gratiam confecti, tomus primus; in quo +quinquaginta auctorum libri prae caeteris desiderati emendantur. Per Fr. +Io. Mariam Brasichellensem, sacri Palatii Apostolici Magistrum, in unum +corpus redactus, et publicae commoditati editus. Superiorum permissu, +Romae, 1607." Speaking of this index, Mendham says:-- + + "We now advance to perhaps the most extraordinary and scarcest + of all this class of publications. It is the first, and last, + and incomplete Expurgatory Index, which Rome herself has + ventured to present to the world, and which, soon after the deed + was done, she condemned and withdrew.... After a selection of + some of the rules in the last edition of the Expurgatory Index, + the editor in his address informs the reader, that, + understanding the expurgation of books to be not the least + important part of his office, and wishing to make books more + accessible to students than they were without expurgation, he + had availed himself of the labours of his predecessors, and, + adding his own, issued the present volume, intending that a + second, which was in great readiness, should quickly follow; + (but, alas! it was not allowed so to do). Dated Rome, from the + Apostolic Palace, 1607.... Nothing more remains on the subject + of this Index, than to report what is contained in the + inaccessible work of Zobelius, _Notitia Indicis_, &c., but + repeated from by Struvius or Ingler, his editor, in the + _Bibliotheca Hist. Lit._--that Brasichellen or Guanzellus was + assisted in the work by Thomas Malvenda, a Dominican; that + another edition was printed at Bergomi in 1608; that when a + fresh one was in preparation at Antwerp in 1612, it was + suppressed; and that, finally, the author, like Montanus, found + his place in a future index." + +The second volume promised never appeared. The work, however, became +exceedingly scarce; which induced Serpilius, a priest of Ratisbon, in +1723, to print an edition so closely resembling the original, as to +admit of its being represented as the same. The imposition, however, +being detected, another edition was prepared by Hesselius, a printer of +Altorf, in 1745; and then the remaining copies of the former threw off +their mask, and appeared with a new title-page as a second edition. The +original and counterfeit editions of this peculiar work are sufficiently +alike to deceive any person, who should not examine them in literal +juxtaposition; but upon such examination, the deception is easily +apparent. The one, however, may be fairly considered as a {38} +fac-simile of the other. (See the Rev. Joseph Mendham's _Literary Policy +of the Church of Rome exhibited_, &c., chap. iii. pp. 116-128.) Mendham +adds, that "there is a copy of the original edition" of this index "in +the Bodleian Library, Oxford," presented to Sir Thomas Bodley by the +Earl of Essex, together with the Belgic, Portuguese, Spanish and +Neapolitan Indices, all which originally belonged to the library of +Jerom Osorius, but had become part of the spoil of the expedition +against Cadiz in 1596. I am acquainted with the Bodleian copy of the +original edition of this rare work; but I wish to put the Query--Where +is a copy of the _counterfeit edition_ of Serpilius to be seen, either +with its original title-page, or as it appeared afterwards, when the +mask was thrown off? I am not aware that any one of our public libraries +(rich as several of them are in such treasures) contains a copy of this +curious little impostor. + + J. SANSOM. + +8. Park Place, Oxford, May 29. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +Queries + + +SIR GEORGE BUC. + +Can any of your readers inform me on what authority Sir George Buc, the +poet, and Master of the Revels in the reign of James I., is recorded by +his biographers to have been a native of Lincolnshire, and to have died +in 1623? In the _Biogr. Britann._, and repeated by Chalmers, it is +stated that he was born in Lincolnshire, in the sixteenth century, +descended from the Bucs, or Buckes, of West Stanton and Herthill, in +Yorkshire, and Melford Hall, in Suffolk, and knighted by James I. the +day before his coronation, July 13, 1603. Mr. Collier, in his _Annals of +the Stage_, vol. i., p. 374, says, that on the death of Edmund Tylney, +in October, 1610, he succeeded him as Master of the Revels, and wrote +his Treatise on the Office of the Revels prior to 1615. He also says,-- + + "In the spring of 1622, Sir George Buc appears to have been so + ill and infirm, as to be unable to discharge the duties of his + situation, and on the 2nd of May in that year, a patent was made + out, appointing Sir John Astley Master of the Revels."--_Biogr. + Britann._, p. 419. + +Ritson says that he died in 1623. Chalmers supposed his death to have +happened soon after 1622, and states that he certainly died before +August 1629. + +My reason for making these inquiries is, that I have in my possession a +4to. manuscript volume, believed to be in the handwriting of this Sir +George Buc, which is quite at variance with these statements in several +particulars. The volume which is without a date in any part, and has +only the initials of the author, is entitled _The Famous History of +Saint George, England's brave Champion. Translated into Verse, and +enlarged. The three first Chapters by G. B. His first Edition._ It is +extended to nineteen chapters, and comprehends also the histories of the +other six champions, as well as that of St. George. It is contained in a +thick 4to. volume of 524 closely written pages, in Russia, and was +formerly in the collection of the Duke of Roxburghe, whose arms are on +the sides; and afterwards in that of Mr. Heber. This MS. is entirely in +the handwriting of Sir George Buc, as prepared by him for publication. +The initials "G. B." correspond with those of his name, and the +handwriting, having been compared, is found to be exactly similar to a +MS. inscription, in Sir George Buc's handwriting, prefixed to a copy of +his poem ~Daphnis Polustephanos~, 4to., 1605, presented by him to +Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, and preserved at Bridgewater House; a +fac-simile of which is given by Mr. Collier in his privately printed +catalogue of that library, p. 41. + +The volume commences with a sort of metrical preface, entitled _The +Muse's Apologie_, in which he says,-- + + "Consider that my Muse is aged growne, + Whose pilgrimage to _seventy-six is knowne_." + +And again:-- + + "Thy nimble steps to _Norfolk_ none forbeare, + I'm confident thou shalt be welcom'd there, + Where that thy autor _hee was bred and borne_, + Though to Parnassus Girles was never sworne." + +The work is dedicated "To the vertuous Lady and his most honoured +friend, the Lady Bacon, at Readgrave Hall, in Suffolk, wife to S^r +Edmond Bacon, Prime Baronett of England," commencing thus:-- + + "Faire madam,--Having nothing at present, I thought was fitt + (_living at so far distance_) to present to y^r ladyship," + &c. + +The distance here alluded to was probably caused by the author's +residence in London at that time. This is followed by some lines "To the +Courteous Reader," beginning,-- + + "Some certaine Gentlemen did mee ingage + To publish forth this work, done in myne age + That this, my aged act, it may survive + My funerall and keep me still alive." + +and by others, entitled "The Autor," signed "Vale, G. B.;" after which +are added the following lines:-- + + "Some Poets they are poore, and so am I, + _Except I bee reliev'd in Chancery_; + I scorne to begg, my pen nere us'd the trade, + This book to please my friends is only made, + Which is performed by my aged quill, + For to extend my country my good will. + Let not my country think I took this paynes + In expectation of any gaines." + +We know from Mr. Collier's Bridgewater Catalogue, that Sir George Buc +had been indebted to Lord Ellesmere for certain favours shown him, {39} +probably in some Chancery suit, to which he here seems to allude, as if +still suffering in his pocket from its ill consequences. + +My first quotation from the poem itself is one of some importance, as +serving to show the probable time at which it was written. On the +reverse of fol. 9., at the commencement of the poem, an allusion is thus +made to the destruction of Troy:-- + + "And wasted all the buildings of the king, + Which unto Priamus did glory bring, + Destroy'd his pallaces, the cittie graces, + And all the lusters of his royall places, + _Just as Noll Cromewell in this iland did, + For his reward at Tiburne buried._" + +So also, again, on the reverse of fol. 11., in reference to the abuses +and profanations committed by Cromwell's soldiery in St. Paul's +Cathedral, he says:-- + + "Pittie it were this faberick should fall + Into decay, derives its name from Paul, + _But yet of late it suffered vile abuses, + Was made a stable for all traytors' uses_, + Had better burnt it down for an example, + As Herostratus did Diana's temple." + +And again, at the commencement of the eighth chapter, fol. 104.:-- + + "In this discourse, my Muse doth here intend, + The honor of Saint Patrick to defend, + And speake of his adventrous accidents, + Of his brave fortunes, and their brave events, + That if her pen were made of _Cromwell's rump_, + Yet she should weare it to the very stump." + +At the end of the poem he again alludes to his great age, and to the +time which had been occupied in writing it, and also promised, if his +life should be prolonged, a second part, in continuation, which, +however, appears never to have been accomplished:-- + + "My Muse wants eloquence and retoricke, + For to describe it more scollerlike, + And doth crave pardon for hir bold adventure, + When that upon these subjects she did enter. + 'Tis eight months since this first booke was begun, + Come, Muse, breake off, high time 'tis to adone. + Travell no further in these martiall straines, + Till we know what will please us for our paines. + I know thy will is forward to performe, + What age doth now deny thy quill t' adorne, + Whose age is _seventy-sixe, compleat in yeares_, + Which in the Regester at large appeares." + &c. &c. &c. &c. + +Cromwell died Sept. 3. 1658, and was interred in Westminster Abbey; but +his bones were not removed and buried at Tyburn till the 30th of +January, 1660; very soon after which it is most probable that this poem +was written. Now if the author was, as he says, seventy-six at this +time, he must have been born about 1583 or 1584, which will rightly +correspond with the account given by Chalmers and others; and thus he +would be about twenty-two or twenty-three years of age when he wrote his +first poem of ~Daphnis Polustephanos~, and twenty-seven when he +succeeded to the office of Master of the Revels. There appears to be no +reason for supposing, with Ritson, that _The Great Plantagenet_, which +was the second edition of that poem, and published in 1635, was done "by +some fellow who assumed his name;" but that the variations, which are +very considerable, were made by the author himself, and printed in his +lifetime. The Dedication to Sir John Finch, Lord Chief Justice of the +Common Pleas, signed "George Buck," and written exactly in his style; +the three sets of commendatory verses addressed to the author by O. +Rourke, Robert Codrington, and George Bradley, not in the first edition +of the poem "Upon King Henrie the Second, the first Plantagenet of +England," &c., added to this impression; all tend to show that the +author was then living in 1635. We learn by the above quotations from +his MS. poem, that his days were further prolonged till 1660. + +Perhaps some of your numerous readers may be able to discover some +corroborative proofs of this statement from other sources, and will be +kind enough to favour me, through your paper, with any evidence which +may occur to then, bearing upon the subject of my inquiries. + + THOMAS CORSER. + +Stand Rectory. + + +COSAS DE ESPANA. + +The things of Spain are peculiar to a proverb, but they are not so +exclusively national but we may find some connection with them in things +of our own country. Any information from readers of NOTES AND QUERIES, +on a few Spanish things which I have long sought for in vain, would +prove most acceptable and useful to me. + +1. In _Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum, Angliae et Hiberniae_, &c., under +"Library of Westminster Abbey," at p. 29., I find mentioned the +following MS.: _Una Resposal del Reverend Padre Thomaso Cranmero_. It is +not now in that library--is it in any other? I suppose it may be a +translation, made by Francisco Dryander or Enzinas, translator of the +Spanish New Testament, 1543, of--"An Answer by the Right Rev. Father in +God, Thomas, Abp. of Canterbury, unto a crafty and sophistical +cavillation devised by Stephen Gardener," &c. Dryander came to this +country with Bucer, recommended to Cranmer by Melancthon, and resided +two months in the Archbishop's house before he went to Cambridge to +lecture in Greek. + +2. Ferdinando de Tereda, a Spanish Protestant, came to this country in +1620. The Lord Keeper Williams took him into his house to learn Spanish +of him, in order to treat personally with the Spanish ambassador about +the marriage of Prince Charles and the Infanta. At this instance, {40} +Tereda translated the English Liturgy into Spanish (1623), and was +repaid by presentation to a prebend at Hereford. On the death of James, +in 1625, he left, as he says, the Court, before the Court left him, and +retired to Hereford. Here he adds: "I composed a large volume _De +Monachatu_, in Latin; another _De Contradictionibus Doctrinae Ecclesiae +Romanae_, in the same language; and a third, entitled _Carrascon_, also +in Latin." In 1631-2 he vacated his prebend, and went, I conjecture, to +Holland, where he printed _Carrascon_ in _Spanish_ (1633), being a +selection from the Latin. In the preface to this, which recently had +been reprinted, he proposed to print the other works which he had +prepared, if the Spanish _Carrascon_ brought him "good news." Do his +Latin works exist either in print or in manuscript? + +3. Juan de Nicholas y Sacharles was another Spanish Protestant, who came +to this country in 1618. He translated the _Bouclier de la Foi_, by P. +Moulin, into Spanish; he presented it, I conjecture in MS., to Prince +Charles about the year 1620. Is such a MS. known to exist in any of our +libraries? + +4. The recent _History of Spanish Literature_, by George Ticknor, has +made us generally acquainted, that the author of the clever "Dialogo de +las Lenguas," printed in _Origines de la Lengua Espanola_ by Gregorio +Mayans y Siscar, was Juan de Valdes, to whom Italy and Spain herself +owed the dawning light of the religious reformation which those +countries received. Spaniards well informed in their own literature have +of course been long aware of the authorship of the "Dialogo de las +Lenguas." But few even of them are aware that Mayans y Siscar could not, +even at so late a period, venture to reprint the work, as it was written +by Juan de Valdes. He suppressed various passages, for the Inquisition +was in his day too jealous and powerful for him to risk offence. +Notwithstanding, and as _una cosa de Espana_, he printed a few copies +privately, entire. Expurgated books are always unsatisfactory +mutilations. Does any _Manuscript_ of the "Dialogo de las Lenguas" exist +in this country, in any public or private library? + + Wn. + + * * * * * + + +CARTER'S DRAWINGS OF YORK CATHEDRAL.--MEDAL OF STUKELEY. + +I shall be glad to ascertain, if possible, through the medium of your +columns, who is now the possessor of a volume of elaborate _Drawings of +York Cathedral_, which were made by the late John Carter, F. S. A., for +Sir Mark M. Sykes, Bart. Mr. Carter was paid a large sum on account of +these drawings during the progress of his task, but after the death of +the baronet, he demanded such an extravagant price that the executors +declined to take the volume. At the sale of the artist's effects it was +sold to Sir Gregory Page Turner, Bart., for 315_l._ It again came to the +hammer, and was purchased by John Broadley, Esq., at whose sale it was +disposed of for 100_l._ I cannot ascertain the purchaser on the last +occasion, and am very desirous to learn where the drawings are now to be +found. + +The same artist also prepared a series of drawings illustrative of +English costume from the earliest period. This volume was executed for +Thomas Lister Parker, Esq., but, like the former, has passed into the +custody of other persons, and I am now ignorant of its possessor. + +I have not yet received any reply to my inquiry in Vol. i. p. 122., +respecting a large bronze medal of Dr. Stukeley, with a view of +Stonehenge on the reverse, evidently executed soon after his decease. I +believe it to be unique, but should be glad to know if dies were ever +engraved from this design. + + J. BRITTON. + +Burton Street, June 1. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + + +_"Imprest" and "Debenture."_--When a person fulfilling any employment +under any of the Government Boards has occasion to draw "money on +account," an "imprest," addressed to the pay-master under that Board, is +issued for the required sum; but when the final payment is made upon the +"closing of the account," the "debenture" takes the place of the +"imprest." Out of what verbal raw material are these words manufactured? +I know of no other use of the word "imprest" as a substantive; and +though we see "debenture" often enough in railway reports, I cannot +perceive the analogy between its meanings in the two cases. + + D. V. S. + +Home, May 17. + + +_Cosin's MSS._--Basire, in his _Brief of the Life, &c. of Bishop Cosin_, +appended to his _Funeral Sermon_ (Lond. 1673, p. 69.), after noticing +several MS. works of Cosin's, some of which have not yet seen the light, +adds, "These remains are earnestly recommended to his pious executor's +care for publication." + +Can any of your correspondents kindly inform me, who are the lineal +representatives of Cosin's pious executor? Basire mentions three +"imperfect" works of Bishop Cosin's in manuscript: viz. _Annales +Eccles._, _Historia Conciliorum_, _Chronologia Sacra_. Is it known what +has become of them? They appear to have fallen, with other MSS., into +the hands of his executor. + + J. SANSOM. + + +_Barclay's Argenis._--What are the latest editions of this romance--the +best, in Cowper's opinion, ever written, which Coleridge laments as +being so little known, and which has been translated, I believe, {41} +into all the European languages? What are the principal as well as the +latest _English_ translations? + + JARTZBERG. + + +_Clergy sold for Slaves._--Walker, in his _Sufferings of the Clergy_, +says, "There was a project on foot to sell some of the most eminent" (of +the masters of colleges, doctors in divinity, &c.) "to the Turks for +slaves; and a considerable progress was made in that horrid purpose." +And, writing of Dr. Ed. Layfield, under the head of "London Cathedrals," +Walker again says, that "at last, in the company of others, he was clapt +on shipboard under hatches;" and that "they were threatened to be sold +slaves to the Algerines, or to some of our own plantations." Again, it +is recorded in Bishop Cosin's life, that by his will "he gave towards +the redemption of Christian captives at Algiers, 500_l._; towards the +relief of the distressed loyal party in England, 800_l._:"--upon which I +should be glad to put a Query; viz., Is there sufficient ground for +supposing, that any of the loyal party were really sold for slaves +during the rebellion? If otherwise, will Cosin's bequest throw any light +upon R. W. B.'s Query, vol. i., p. 441.? + + J. SANSOM. + + +_Meaning of Pallet._--About a mile from Hume Castle, on the Scotch +border, is a rock hill, which is called Hume _Pallet_. + +The only other name of the kind in this district is Kilpallet, in the +heart of the Lammermuir hills, on the borders of Berwickshire and East +Lothian. There was at this latter place once a religious house of some +kind, and a burying ground, now hardly visible. + +What is the meaning of the word _Pallet_? + + J. S. Q. + + +_Tobacco in the East._--Can any of your readers inform me whether +tobacco is indigenous to any part of Asia? Also, whether the habit of +smoking (opium or tobacco), now universal _over the East_, dates there +from before the discovery of America? And if not, from what period? + + Z. A. Z. + + +_Stephanus Brulifer._--Can any of your correspondents kindly refer me to +a library containing a copy of Stephanus Brulifer, in lib. iv. _Sentent. +Seraphici Doctoris Bonaventurae_, 8vo. Basil. 1507? + + J. SANSOM. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + + +ASINORUM SEPULTURA. + +To discover the origin of this phrase, your correspondent (Vol. ii., p. +8-9.) need not go further than to his Bible. + + "Sepultura asini sepelietur, putrefactus et projectus extra + portas Jerusalem."--_Jerem._ xxii. 19.: cf. xxxvi. 30. + +With regard to the extract given by Ducange, at the word "Imblocatus," +from a "vetus formula Excommunicationis praeclara," it is evident that +the expressions,-- + + "Sint cadavera eorum in escam volatilibus coeli, et bestiis + terrae, et non sint qui sepeliant eos," + +have been derived from S. Jerome's Latin version from the Hebrew of +Psal. lxxix. 2, 3.: + + "Dederunt cadavera servorum tuorum escam volatilibus coeli; + carnes sanctorum tuorum bestiis terrae. Effuderunt sanguinem + eorum quasi aquam in circuitu Hierusalem, et non erat qui + sepeliret."--Vide Jacobi Fabri Stapulensis _Quincuplex + Psalterium_, fol. 116. b., Paris, 1513; Sabatier, tom. ii. p. + 162. Ib. 1751. + + R. G. + +The use of this term in the denunciation against Jehoiakim, more than +six centuries B.C., and the previous enumeration of crimes in the 22nd +chapter of Jeremiah, would seem sufficiently to account for its origin +and use in regard to the disposal of the dead bodies of excommunicated +or notorious malefactors, by the earliest Christian writers or judges. +The Hebrew name of the ass, says Parkhurst, is "derived from its +turbulence when excited by lust or rage;" and the animal was also made +the symbol of slothful or inglorious ease, in the case of Issachar, B.C. +1609: Genesis, xlix. 14. It is thus probable some reference to such +characteristics of the brute and the criminal, rather than any mere +general allusion to throwing the dead bodies of inferior or unclean +animals (of which the dog was a more common type) under any rubbish +beyond the precincts of the city, may have been intended, by specifying +this animal in prescribing an ignominious sepulture. + + LAMBA. + +It can hardly have escaped the notice of your Querist (although the +instance is not one adduced by Ducange), that the phrase, "burial of an +ass" #Kevurat Chamor# for "no burial at all," is as old as the time of +the prophet Jeremiah. (Vide chap. xxii. 19.) The _custom_ referred to +being of religious origin, might lead us to the sacred books for the +origin of the _phrase_ denoting it; and it seems natural for the +Christian writers, in any mention of those whose bodies, like that of +Jehoiakim, were for their sins deprived of the rites of sepulture, to +use the striking phrase already provided for them in Scripture; and as +natural for that phrase to continue in use even after the somewhat more +civilised custom of "imblocation" had deprived it of its original +reference to "the dead body's being cast out in the day to the heat, and +in the night to the frost." (Jer. xxxvi. 30.) + + J. EASTWOOD. + +This phrase is, I think, accounted for by the ass being deprived of +interment in consequence of the uses made of its dead carcass. After a +description of the adaptation of his bones to instrumental music, +Aldrovandus continues as follows:-- + + "De corio notissimum, post obitum, ne quid asini unquam {42} + _conquiescat_, foraminibus delacerari, indeque factis cribris, + assiduae inservire agitationi; unde dicebat Apuleius: cedentes + hinc inde miserum corium, nec cribris jam idoneum relinquunt. + Sed et Albertus pollicetur asinorum corium non solum utile esse + ad soleas calceorum faciendas, sed etiam quae ex illa parte + fiunt, in qua onera fuerunt, non consumi, etsi ille qui utitur, + eis continuo peregrinando in lapidibus portaverit, et tandem ita + indurare ut pedes sustinere nequeant."--_De Quadruped._, p. 351. + + T. J. + + * * * * * + + +POPE FELIX. + +Four Popes of the name have filled the chair of St. Peter. + +The first suffered martyrdom under Aurelian. He is honoured with a +festival at Rome on the 29th May. + +The second also received the crown of martyrdom, under Constantine. His +festival is kept on the 29th July. + +The third is commemorated as a holy confessor on the 25th February. He +was a collateral ancestor of Pope St. Gregory the Great, who mentions +him in his writings. + +Gregory had three aunts by the father's side, who all became nuns. One +of them, Tarsilla, a lady of pious and beatified life, and of very +advanced age, had one night a vision of Pope Felix, who was then dead. +He seemed to point towards the mansions of eternal glory, and to invite +her to enter. She soon after sickened, and her end visibly approached. +While a number of her friends were standing around her couch, she +suddenly exclaimed, looking upwards, "Stand aside, stand aside, Jesus is +coming;" and with a look of ineffable love, she presently expired. This +story is related by St. Gregory. + +This Pope is the best known of the four on account of his relationship +to St. Gregory. + +The fourth of the name was also a confessor. His festival occurs on the +30th January. + + J. A. S. + +Edinburgh, May 27. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES TO NUMISMATIC QUERIES. + + +I beg to offer the following remarks in reply to the numismatic queries +of E. S. T. (Vol. i., p. 468.):-- + +1. I can only account for the Macedonian coin being struck in lead, by +supposing it to be the work of an ancient forger. + +2. Third brass coins of Tiberius are not uncommon; I have one in my +cabinet of the sort described. Obv. head of Tiberius, TI. CAESAR. DIVI. +AVG. F. AVGVSTVS; Rev. the altar of Lyons, ROM. ET. AVG. + +3. The coin of Herennia Etruscilla is probably a base or plated +denarius, the silver having been worn off. Silver coins sometimes +acquire a black tarnish, so that they are not to be distinguished from +brass without filing the edge, or steeping them in acid. If a genuine +brass coin, it should have the S. C. for _Senatus Consultum_. + +4. The coin of Macrinus was struck at Antioch in Syria, of which famous +city there exists a regular series of imperial coins from Augustus to +Valerian. One in my possession has ~Delta~ above the S. C., and +~Epsilon~ below for ~DEMARCH. EXOUSIAS~, _Tribunitia Potestate_. May not +these be the letters described by E. S. T. as L. C.? + + J. C. WITTON. + + +_Coins of Constantius II._--Can any numismatist kindly inform me by what +marks the coins of Constantius II., the son of Constantine the Great, +are distinguished from those of Constantius Gallus, his nephew? Mr. +Akerman, in his _Rare and Inedited Roman Coins_, gives the following +titles as common to both, but does not afford any rule for appropriating +their coins:-- + + CONSTANTIVS. NOB. CAES. + FL. IVL. CONSTANTIVS. NOB. CAES. + D. N. CONSTANTIVS. NOB. C. + D. N. CONSTANTIVS. NOB. CAES. + + J. C. WITTON. + + * * * * * + + +AS LAZY AS LUDLUM'S DOG. + +(Vol. i., p. 382.) + +I feel obliged by the extract from the _Doctor_ given by J. M. B. (Vol. +i., p. 475.), though it only answers by a kind of implication the Query +I proposed. That implication is, that, instead of Ludlum and his dog +being personages of distinction in their own way and in their own day, +the proverb itself is merely one framed on the principle of +alliteration, and without precise or definite "meaning." This is very +full of meaning, as anyone may convince himself by observing the active +energy of every muscle of all dogs in the act of barking. What can +typify "laziness" more emphatically than a dog that "lays him[self] down +to bark?" + +A _jingle_ of some kind is essential to a proverb. If a phrase or +expression have not this, it never "takes" with the masses; whilst, +having this, and being capable of any possible and common application, +it is sure to live, either as a proverb or a "saw," as the case may be. +Alliteration and rhyme are amongst the most frequent of these "jingles;" +and occasionally a "pun" supplies their place very effectively. We find +these conditions fulfilled in the proverbs and saws of every people in +the eastern and western world, alike in the remotest antiquity and in +our own time. But are they therefore "without meaning?" Do not these +qualities help to give them meaning, as well as to preserve them through +their long and varied existence? + +But there is another principle equally essential to the constitution of +a legitimate and lasting proverb; or rather two conjointly, _metre_ {43} +and _euphony_. These may be traced in the proverb as completely as in +the ballad; and precisely the same contrivances are employed to effect +them in both cases where any ruggedness in the natural collocation of +the words may present itself. For instance, change in the accent, the +elision or the addition of a letter or syllable, the lengthening of a +vowel, transposition, and a hundred other little artifices. The euphony +itself, though sometimes a little imperfect, is also studied with the +same kind of care in the older and purer proverbs of all languages. + +Attention to metre and euphony will generally enable us to assign, +amongst the forms in which we pick up and note any particular proverb, +the original and legitimate one; especially when combined with brevity +and "pith." As a case in point, our friend Ludlum will serve our purpose +for comparison. Who does not see at a glance, taking account of the +principles which govern the construction of a proverb, that the +Sheffield version, as I gave it, _must be_ more genuine than Southey's +version, quoted by J. M. B.? Besides this, I may add, that a friend, +whose early days were spent in Sheffield, has told, me (since the Query +was proposed) that he has heard his mother tell some legend of "the fat +Miss Ludlum." After all, therefore, the proverb may be founded on a fat +old maid and her fat poodle. I can hardly, then, deem my inquiry +answered. + +J. M. B. quotes two others from the _Doctor_; one for the purpose, as +would appear by his marking the words, to illustrate the alliterative +principle. The following are variations which I have heard:--"As proud +as the cobbler's dog, that took [or _as_ took--the most general +vernacular form, for the sake of euphony] the wall of a dung-cart, and +got crushed for his pains." "As queer as Dick's hatband as went nine +times round and wouldn't tie." + +On these I will only remark, that few persons would pronounce dung-cart +as J. M. B. implies, even for alliteration; and, indeed, when so even +marked to the eye, it is not without an effort that we can read +accordingly. As to Dick's hatband, it is expressed in a peculiarly +clumsy and round-about manner by Southey. + +One word more. J. M. B. quotes as a _proverb_--one of those without +meaning--"As busy as Batty;" and says, "no one knows who Batty was." +Surely, the inference that Batty was not a real personage in some +distant age--that he was a mere myth--must be a _non sequitur_ from the +premises before us. Perhaps Mr. Batty was a person of notable +industry--perhaps remarkable for always beings in a "fluster"--perhaps +the rural Paul Pry of his day and district. He has left, too, a large +progeny; whether as regards the name alone, or whichever of the +characters he bore. + +This jingle upon words partakes largely of the character of the _pun_. +It, however, reminds me of a mode of speech which universally prevailed +in the north of Lincolnshire thirty years ago, and which probably does +so yet. A specimen will explain the whole:--"I'm as throng as throng." +"He looks as black as black." "It's as wet as wet." I have heard this +mode used so as to produce considerable emphasis; and it is more than +possible, that some of the jingles have thus originated, and settled +into proverbs, now without any obvious meaning, but originally very +forcible ones. + + D. V. S. + +Shooter's Hill, May 18. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + + +_Lord John Townshend's Poetical Works_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.)--were never, I +believe, collected, nor indeed distinctly known, though they well +deserve to be. He told me himself that he wrote "Jekyl," in what is +called _The Rolliad_; and he mentioned some other of his contributions; +but I did not _make a note_, and regret that I can say no more. Mr. +Rogers or Lord Lansdowne might. + + C. + + +_When Easter ends._--Mr. H. Edwards, in this day's number (No. 31., p. +9.), asks when Easter ends. I fancy this question is in some degree +answered by remarking, that it, together with other festivals of the +Church, viz. The Nativity, &c., are celebrated for eight days, which is +the octave. The reason, says Wheatley, of its + + "Being fixed to eight days, is taken from the practice of the + Jews, who, by God's appointment, observed the greater festivals, + some of them for seven days, and one, the Feast of Tabernacles, + for eight days. And therefore the Primitive Christians + lengthened out their higher feast to eight days." + +If this be true, Easter will end on the conclusion of the Sunday after +Easter day; but whether our present Parliament is sufficiently Catholic +to admit this, in the interpretation of the Act, is questionable. + +In the Spanish Church Easter continues till the feast of Whitsuntide is +past; and during this period all fasts are forbidden. + +The Romish Church has ten high festivals having octaves. + +I trust this slight sketch may in some way help Mr. Edwards to a +conclusion. + + R. J. S. + +_When does Easter end?_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--In the case stated, at 12 +o'clock on the night of Easter Sunday. + + C. + + +_Holdsworth and Fuller._--In A. B. R.'s communication (Vol. i., p. 484.) +some symptoms of inaccuracy must be noted before a satisfactory reply +can be given to his Query. + +1. He has erred in adopting the spelling of Holdsworth's name (viz. {44} +Holsworth) which appears in the title-page of _The Valley of Vision_. 2. +This work is very incorrectly styled "the sermon," inasmuch as it +consists of twenty-one sermons. 3. My copy bears date 1661, not 1651. 4. +If Holdsworth's hand was "legible only to himself," we may sincerely +commiserate the misfortune of his nephew, Dr. Richard Pearson, who had +to prepare for the press 737 folio pages of his _Praelectiones +Theologicae_, &c.: Lond. 1661. 5. There is not the smallest reason for +thinking it "probable" that Dean Holdsworth "preached other men's +sermons." Respecting our great Caroline divines it would seldom have +been right to say-- + + "Quos (Harpyiarum more) + Convectare juvat praedas, et vivere rapto." + +Now, as to what Dr. Holdsworth really wrote, and with regard to that for +which he is not responsible, it is to be observed, that he was so averse +to the publication of any of his works, that he printed but a single +sermon (on Psalm cxliv. 15.), and that not until he had been three times +urged to the task by his royal master King Charles I. The pagination of +this discourse is quite distinct from that of the twenty unauthentic +sermons which follow it in the quarto volume, and which commence at +signature B. These are thus described by Dr. Pearson, _ad Lectorem_: +"Caeterae quae prostant Anglice venales, a praedone illo stenographico tam +lacerae et elumbes, tam misere deformatae sunt, ut parum aut nihil +agnoscas genii et spiritus Holdsworthiani." + + R. G. + + +_Gookin_ (Vol. i., pp. 385, 473, 492.).--Vincent Gookin was nominated by +Cromwell one of the six representatives of Ireland in the Barebones +Parliament; and he was returned for Bandon and Kinsale (which together +sent one member) in each of the three subsequent Cromwellian +Parliaments. + +Lord Orrery, writing to the Duke of Ormond, June 15, 1666, speaks of +Captain Robert Gooking, as one of the chief persons in the west of Cork +county, and describes him as rich and having good brains, loyal, and +ready to fight against French or Irish, as every thing he has depends on +his new title. (Orrery's _State Letters_, ii. p. 13. Dublin edition.) A +little further on (p. 43.), Lord Orrery names the same Robert Gooking as +recommended by the chief gentlemen in the west of Cork to be captain of +a troop of horse in the militia. + + CH. + + +"_Brozier_" (Vol. i., p. 485.), "_Sock_," "_Tick._"--I well remember the +phrase, "brozier my dame," signifying to "eat her out of house and +home." I had forgotten that a boy at Eton was "brozier," when he had +spent all his pocket-money. As a supplemental note, however, to Lord +Braybrooke's remarks upon this latter signification, I would remind old +Etonians of a request that would sometimes slip out from one in a +"broziered" state, viz. that a schoolfellow would _sock_ him, _i.e._ +treat him to _sock_ at the pastrycook's; and this favour was not +unfrequently granted _on tick, i.e._ on credit with the purveyor of +sweets. + +In reply to your noble correspondent's Query, I beg to say that +Halliwell, in his _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, both +spells and defines thus: "Brosier. A bankrupt. _Chesh._" Mr. H. says no +more; but this seems to decide that the word does not exclusively belong +to Eton. I could have fancied that on such classic ground it might +possibly have sprung from ~brosko~, fut. ~-so~, _to devour_. + +Is _sock_ only a corruption of _suck_, indicating a lollipop origin? or +what is its real etymological root? + +Richardson most satisfactorily says, that to "go on _tick_" is to give a +note or _ticket_ instead of payment. + + ALFRED GATTY. + +Ecclesfield, May 27. 1850. + +This Eton phrase, the meaning of which is very correctly explained LORD +BRAYBROOKE (Vol. i., p. 485.), appears to be connected with the Cheshire +provincialism, which is thus interpreted in Wilbraham's _Cheshire +Glossary_:-- + + "'Brosier, _s._ a bankrupt.' It is often used by boys at play, + when one of them has nothing further to stake." + +The noun _brosier_, as Mr. Wilbraham indicates, seems to be derived from +the old word _brose_, or, as we now say, _bruise_. A _brosier_ would +therefore mean a broken-down man, and therefore a bankrupt. The verb _to +brosier_, as used at Eton, would easily be formed from the substantive. +In the mediaeval Latin, _ruptura_ and _ruptus_ were used to signify +_bankruptcy_ and a _bankrupt_. See Duncange, _Gloss._ in vv. + + ETONIENSIS. + +The word _brozier_, or (as I always heard it pronounced) _brosier_, does +not, or did not exclusively belong to Eton. It was current at Hackney +School, an establishment formerly on the site of the present Infant +Orphan Asylum, and had the precise meaning attributed to it by Lord +Braybrooke. It was used both as a verb and as a substantive, but of its +origin and etymology I am ignorant. The last master of Hackney School +was the Rev. Dr. Heathcote, who died, I believe, about 1820. The +schoolhouse was a very large and a very old building. May I take this +opportunity of asking if anything is known of its history? There was a +tradition prevalent among the boys, that it had been an hospital in the +time of the Plague. + +I recollect there was another singular word current at Hackney, viz. +"buckhorse," for a smart box on the ear. {45} + + C. M. + + [Buckhorse was a celebrated bruiser, whose name has been + preserved in this designation of a blow, in the same way as that + of his successor "Belcher" has been in that of the peculiar + style of silk handkerchief which he always wore.] + + +_Symbols of Four Evangelists._--Among the several replies to JARTZBERG'S +Query (Vol. i., p. 385.), I do not observe any notice of Sir T. Brown's +account of the symbols of the four Evangelists. I will therefore copy +part of a note I have on the subject, though see it is unfortunately +without any other reference than the _name_ of the author. + +After giving _Jonathan's_ opinion of the four principal or legionary +standards among the Israelites, Sir T. Brown adds: + + "But Abenegra and others, besides the colours of the field, do + set down other charges,--in Reuben's, the form of a man or + mandrake,--in that of Judah, a lion,--in Ephraim's, an ox; in + Dan's, the figure of an eagle. And thus, indeed, the four + figures in the banners of the principal squadrons of Israel are + answerable unto the Church in the vision of Ezekiel, every one + carrying the form of all these.... And conformable hereunto, the + pictures of the Evangelists (whose Gospels are the Christian + banners) are set forth with the addition of a man or angel, an + ox, a lion, and an eagle. And these symbolically represent the + office of angels and ministers of God's will, in whom is + required, understanding as in a man, courage and vivacity as in + a lion, service and ministerial officiousness as in the ox, + expedition or celerity of execution as in the eagle." + + J. SANSOM. + + +_Catacombs and Bone-houses_ (Vol. i. p. 171.).--Part I. of a _History of +the Hundred of Rowell_ by Paul Cypher (published by J. Ginns, Rowell,) +has recently fallen in my way, and as I understand the writer is a +medical gentleman residing in the village (or town), I condense from the +account of the "Bone Caverns," p. 39-42., such particulars as may answer +the Query of Rev. A. Gatty. + +The number of skeletons, as is asserted by those who have taken the +trouble to calculate, is 30,000. The vault in which they are deposited +is a long cryptiform structure, with a low groined roof, and the bones +are carefully packed in alternate strata of skulls, arms, legs, and so +forth. They seem to have been discovered by a gravedigger about 150 +years since. Nothing is known with certainty respecting the date of this +vast collection. Some conjecture that the remains here deposited are the +consequence of a sanguinary battle in very early times, and profess to +discover peculiarities in the osseous structure, showing a large +proportion of the deceased to have been natives of a distant land; that +all were in the prime of life; and that most of the skulls are +fractured, as though with deadly weapons. Others, again, say they are +the remains of the slain at Naseby. + + "I have examined carefully and at leisure the crania, and can + discover none but the mesobreginate skulls common to these + islands.... I have discovered more than one skull, in which the + alveolar sockets were entirely absorbed,--an effect of age + rarely produced under eighty years, I should imagine. And as to + the marks of injury visible on some, they will be attributed, I + think, by the impartial observer, rather to the spade and foot + of the sexton, than the battle-axe and stout arm of the ancient + Briton." + +As to the supposition that these relics were brought from Naseby, it is +sufficient to observe that the number of the slain in that engagement +did not exceed one thousand. + + "That most of these bodies were lying in the earth for a number + of years is proved, I think, by these several circumstances: + First, a careful examination of the interior of many of the + skulls, shows that roots have vegetated within them, the dry + fibres of which I have often observed; next, the teeth are + nearly all absent, and it is notoriously one of the first + effects of inhumation upon the osseous system, by which the + teeth are loosened; and lastly, we have two sources from which + bodies may have been exhumed and reinterred beneath the mother + church; and those are the Chapel of the Virgin and that moiety + of the original graveyard, which has evidently at some long + distant time, been taken from the church." + +Human bones have been dug up in front of Jesus Hospital, to the +south-east of the church-yard. At the eastern extremity of the cavern is +a rude sketch apparently intended to represent the Resurrection. + + ARUN. + + +_Tace Latin for a Candle_ (Vol. i., p. 385).--I am not aware of "Tace is +Latin for a candle" in any earlier book than Swift's _Polite +Conversation_; but it must have been threadbare in his time, or he would +not have inserted it in that great collection of platitudes:-- + + "_Lord Smart._ Well, but after all, Tom, can you tell me what is + Latin for a goose? + + "_Neverout._ O, my Lord, I know that; why, Brandy is Latin for a + goose, and _Tace_ is Latin for a candle." + + H. B. C. + + +_Members for Durham--why none prior to_ 1673-4 (Vol. ii., p. +8.).--Because Durham was an episcopal palatine, which had jurisdictions, +and even, in olden times, a Parliament of its own. Several bills were +brought in between 1562 and 1673, to give M.P.'s to both county and +city; but an act was only passed in the latter year. The first writ was +moved, it is said, in 1675; but the first return is dated in Whitworth, +1679. (Oldfield's _Parl. Hist._, iii. 425.) + + C. + + +"_A Frog he would_," _&c._--I am in my sixth decade, and pretty far on +in it too; and I can recollect this jingle as long as I can recollect +anything. It formed several stanzas (five or six at least), and had {46} +its own tune. There was something peculiarly attractive and humorous to +the unformed ear and mind in the ballad, (for as a ballad it was sung,) +as I was wont to hear it. I can therefore personally vouch for its +antiquity being half a century. But, beyond this, I must add, that my +early days being spent in a remote provincial village (high up the +Severn), and the ballad, as I shall call it, being _universally known_, +I cannot help inferring that it is of considerable antiquity. Anything +of then recent date could hardly be both generally known and universally +popular in such a district and amongst such a people. Whether it had a +local origin there or not, it would be difficult to say but I never +heard it spoken of as having any special application to local persons or +affairs. Of course there are only two ways of accounting for its +popularity,--either its application, or its jingle of words and tune. If +I may venture a "guess," it would be, that it had originally a political +application, in some period when all men's minds were turned to some one +great politico-religious question; and this, not unlikely, the period of +the Cavaliers and Roundheads. We know how rife this kind of warfare was +in that great struggle. Or again, it might be as old as the Reformation +itself, and have a reference to Henry the Eighth and Anna Boleyn. + + "The frog he would a-wooing go, + Whether his mother would let him or no," + +would not inaptly represent the "wide-mouthed waddling frog" +Henry--"mother church,"--and the "gleesome Anna" would be the "merry +mouse in the mill." It may be worth the while of gentlemen conversant +with the ballad literature and political squibs of both the periods here +indicated, to notice any traces in other squibs and ballads of the same +imagery that is employed in this. It would also be desirable, if +possible, to get a complete copy of these verses. My own memory can only +supply a part, or rather disjointed parts: but I think it probable that +it may be easily obtained by persons resident in the counties bordering +on North Wales, especially in Shropshire or Herefordshire, and perhaps +in Cheshire or Staffordshire. + +I should not have thought of troubling you with my own reminiscences as +an answer to an antiquarian question, but for the fact that even these +go further back than any information that has been sent you. + + T. S. D. + +Shooter's Hill, June 7. + + +_Cavell_ (Vol. i., p. 473.).--To cast cavells, _i.e._ to cast lots, is +in constant every-day use in Northumberland. The Teutonic derivation +given is correct. + + W. + + +_To endeavour Ourselves--The Homilies._--Perhaps your correspondents G. +P. (Vol. i., p 125.), and C. I. R. (Vol. i., p. 285) may, from the +following passages, conclude that "ourselves", is the object of the verb +"endeavour." + + "He did this to this intent, 'that the whole clergy, in the mean + space, might apply themselves to prayer, not doubting but that + all his loving subjects would occupy themselves to God's honour, + and so endeavour themselves that they may be more ready,'" &c. + &c.--Heylin, _Hist. of the Reform. from an Act passed in Edward + VI.'s Reign_, 1548. + + "Let us endeavour ourselves, both inwardly in our hearts, and + also outwardly with our bodies, diligently to exercise this + godly exercise of fasting."--_Homily on Fasting_ (end). + + "Only show yourselves thankful in your lives, determine with + yourselves to refuse and avoid all such things in your + conversation as should offend his eyes of mercy. Endeavour + yourselves that way to rise up again, which way ye fell into the + well or pit of sin."--_Hom. on the Resur._ (near the end). + + "From henceforth let us endeavour ourselves to walk in a new + life."--_Hom. of Repentance_, Pt. 2. (end). + +There are many other similar passages in the "Homilies". I have also +noticed the following Latimer's Sermons:-- + + "The devil, with no less diligence, endeavoureth himself to let + and stop our prayers."--Vol. i. p. 829. Parker Soc. edit. + + "Every patron, when he doth not diligently endeavor himself to + place a good and godly man in his benefice, shall make answer + before God."--Vol. ii. p. 28. + + "Let them endeavour themselves." [I have forgotten the reference + in this case, but it is in vol. i.] + + "How much, then, should we endeavour ourselves to make ready + towards this day, when it shall not be a money matter, but a + soul matter." (ii. p. 62) + +As I am engaged on a work on the "Homilies," I should feel very grateful +for any allusions to them in writers between 1600 and 1650, and for any +notices of their being read in churches during that period. Can any of +your readers inform me where the fullest account may be found of the +state of preaching in England prior to the Reformation? + + THOMAS COX. + +Preston, May 25. 1850. + + +_Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--The verses themselves called them +"three _bastard_ dukes;" but the only bastard duke I can find at that +time was the Duke of Monmouth; all the other creations of the king's +bastards were subsequent to that date. And even if, by poetical licence +or courtly anticipation, they could be called _dukes_, they were all too +young to have any share in such a fray. I must further observe, that +_Evelyn's Diary_ is silent as to any such events, though he is, about +that time, justly indignant at the immoralities of the Court. The +"park" referred to, but not named in the verses, is the {47} +disreputable place called "Whetstone Park," near Holborn. + + C. + + +_Christabel_ (Vol. i., p. 262.).--After a long hunt among Manx and +Highland superstitions, I have just found that the passage I was in +search of belongs to "the Debateable Land." + + "'Reverend father,' replied Magdalen, 'hast thou never heard + that there are spirits powerful to rend the walls of a castle + asunder when once admitted, which yet _cannot enter the house + unless they are invited, nay, dragged over the threshold_? Twice + hath Roland Groeme been thus drawn into the household of Avenel + by those who now hold the title. Let them look to the + issue.'"--_The Abbot_, chap. 15., ad fin., _and note_. + + C. FORBES. + +Temple, April 15. + + +_Derivation of "Trianon"_ (Vol. i., p. 439.; vol. ii., p. 13.).--Your +correspondent AREDJID KOOES is certainly right: Trianon was the _name of +a village_, which formerly stood on the site of these two chateaux. (See +Vatout, and all the histories of Versailles.) I would take this occasion +of suggesting, that it is essential to the value of your work that your +correspondents should be careful not to _lead_ us astray by mere +_guesses_. What authority has your correspondent J. K. R. W. (Vol. ii., +p. 13.) for asserting that "_trianon_ is a word meaning a _pavilion_?" +And if, as I believe, he has not the slightest, I appeal to him whether +it is fair to the public to assert it so confidently. + + C. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + + +We recently called attention to Mr. Colburn's new Edition of _The Diary +and Correspondence of John Evelyn_. We have now to announce from the +same publisher an inedited work by Evelyn, entitled _The History of +Religion_, to be printed from the original MS. in the Library at Wotton. +The work, which it is said contains a condensed statement and +investigation of the natural and scriptural evidences, is the result of +an endeavour on Evelyn's part to satisfy himself amidst the startling +manifestations of infidelity, fanaticism, and conflicting opinion by +which he found himself surrounded. + +Sir Fortunatus Dwarris has just put forth a privately printed Letter to +J. Payne Collier, Esq., in which he endeavours to solve the great +political Query of George the Third's time. His pamphlet is called _Some +new Facts and a Suggested New Theory as to the Authorship of the Letters +of Junius_. Sir Fortunatus' theory, which he supports with a good deal +of amusing illustration by way of proof, is, that Junius, to use the +language of Mark Tapley, was "a Co.," "that the writer was one, but the +abettors were many," that Sir Philip Francis was the head of the Firm, +but that among the sleeping partners were Lords Temple, Chatham, and +George Sackville, the three Burkes, Colonel Barre, Dyer, Loyd, Boyd, and +others. + +It can scarcely be necessary to remind our Archaeological friends that +the Annual Meeting of the Institute at Oxford will commence on Tuesday +next. The selection of Oxford as the place of meeting was a most happy +one, and from the preparations which have been made, both by the Heads +of Houses and the Managers of the Institute, there can be little doubt +of the great success of this Oxford Congress of Archaeologists. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will commence on Monday, the 24th of this month, +the Sale of the second portion of the valuable stock of Messrs. Payne +and Foss, including an excellent collection of Classics, Philology, +History, and Belles Lettres,--a recent purchase from the Library of a +well-known collector,--and about fifteen hundred volumes bound by the +most eminent binders. The sale of this portion will occupy nine days. + +We have received the following catalogues:--John Russell Smith (4. Old +Compton Street), A Rider Catalogue of Second-hand Books; John Miller's +(43. Chandos Street) Catalogue, No. 7. for 1850, of Books Old and New; +William Heath's (29-1/2. Lincoln's Inn Fields) Select Catalogue of +Second-hand Books; and Bernard Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester +Square) Catalogue No. 17. of Books, comprising Architecture, Fine Arts, +Dialects, and Languages of Europe and Asia; and Cole's (15. Great +Turnstile) List No. XXVI. of very Cheap Second-hand Books. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + + ARCANA OF SCIENCE. 1829. + ANDREW STEWART'S LETTERS TO LORD MANSFIELD ON THE DOUGLAS CASE. + About 1793. + NEWMAN ON THE ARIANS. + LAWSON ON THE HEBREWS. + WESTPHALII MONUMENTA INEDITA RER. GERMANICARUM. + BIRCHERODIUS DE CORNIBUS ET CORNUTIS, 4to. Hafniae. + +_Odd Volumes._ + + The first volume of THE WORKS OF ALEXANDER POPE, ESQ. London, + printed in the year 1772. No publisher named. + + The third volume of THE WORKS OF SHAKSPEARE, in Ten Vols. + Edinburgh, printed by Marten and Wotherspoon. 1767. + + Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, + to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. + Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +CHAUCER'S TOMB. _Will_ J. W. P., _who has forwarded to us a contribution +to the Restoration of Chaucer's Monument, favour us with his name and +address?_ + +TITLE-PAGE AND INDEX TO VOLUME THE FIRST. _The preparation of the Index +with that fulness which can alone render it useful, has taken more time +than was anticipated. It will, however, be ready very shortly._ + +_Covers for the First Volume are preparing, and will be ready for +Subscribers with the Title-Page and Index._ + + * * * * * + +NEW WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE {48} + + * * * * * + +I. + +MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO (1440 to 1630). By JAMES DENNISTOUN, of +Dennistoun. With numerous Portraits, Plates, Facsimiles, and Woodcuts. 3 +vols. square crown 8vo. 2l. 8s. + +II. + +SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From "The Spectator." With Notes, &c., by W. H. +WILLIS; and Twelve fine Woodcuts from drawings by F. TAYLER. Crown 8vo. +15s.; morocco, 27s. + +III. + +Mrs. JAMESON'S SACRED and LEGENDARY ART; or, LEGENDS of the SAINTS and +MARTYRS. 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