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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories from Aulus Gellius, by Aulus Gellius
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Stories from Aulus Gellius
+       Being Selections And Adaptations From The Noctes Atticae
+
+Author: Aulus Gellius
+
+Editor: G. H. Nall
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2008 [EBook #25861]
+
+Language: Latin
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Anna Tuinman, Ted Garvin and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber’s Note:
+
+This e-text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8
+(Unicode) text readers, including some accented Greek in the Notes:
+
+  œ [“oe” ligature]
+  ā ē ī ō ū [vowels with macron or “long” mark]
+  ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ [vowels with breve or “short” mark]
+  ἀκοινονόητοι [Greek: akoinonoêtoi]
+
+If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular,
+if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the
+apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage,
+make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set
+to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font.
+
+The original text used numbered lines for reference in the Notes.
+These have been replaced with line numbers in {braces} placed between
+sentences, generally at mid-line. The lines in your text reader are
+probably longer than the lines in the original book, so numbers such
+as {5} and {10} will be less than five physical lines apart. Selections
+are short, and each Note starts with the word or phrase referenced.
+
+Brackets in the Notes and Vocabulary are in the original.
+
+Typographical errors are listed at the end of the text.]
+
+
+
+
++Elementary Classics.+
+
+
+                  STORIES FROM
+
+                 AULUS GELLIUS,
+
+   Being Selections And Adaptations From The
+
+                NOCTES ATTICAE,
+
+
+ _Edited With Notes Exercises And Vocabularies_
+          _For The Use Of Lower Forms_
+
+
+                     By The
+
+            REV. G. H. NALL, M.A.,
+    Assistant Master At Westminster School.
+
+
+                   +London:+
+               MACMILLAN AND CO.,
+                 AND NEW YORK.
+                     1888.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+It is hoped that this series of short stories from A. Gellius may serve
+as a pleasant change to young boys after a course of Cornelius Nepos,
+Eutropius, etc. The language of the original has been simplified in
+parts, and some rare or late words and constructions cut out. The Notes
+have been made, with few exceptions, as short as possible; a few more
+lengthy digressions, such as those upon the ablative absolute and the
+gerundial constructions, will need no apology, if they succeed in
+leading boys to think out for themselves the difficulties which these
+constructions present. Some simple Exercises have been added at the
+request of the Publishers, and for these an English-Latin Vocabulary has
+been compiled. In this Vocabulary the words are arranged in alphabetical
+order, since the Exercises are intended principally for _viva voce_
+drill in form, and the Editor’s experience does not confirm the theory
+of some Editors, that a boy’s knowledge of a language is increased in
+proportion to the time that he spends in hunting for words that he does
+not know; he considers that the “paragraph” vocabulary makes the lazy
+boy take refuge in guessing, whilst it wastes the time of the
+industrious boy.
+
+The Editor acknowledges his obligations to the Latin Grammars of Dr.
+Kennedy and Mr. Roby, and to Dr. Smith’s Dictionaries of Biography and
+Antiquities, and to similar works which lie at every schoolmaster’s
+elbow.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                      PAGE
+  Preface,                                               v
+  Life of Aulus Gellius,                                ix
+  Text of the “Stories from Aulus Gellius,”              1
+  Notes on the Text,                                    33
+  Exercises,                                            75
+  Latin-English Vocabulary,                             98
+  English-Latin Vocabulary,                            137
+  Table showing the order of the “Stories” compared
+    with the Books of the “Noctes Atticae,”            147
+  Index to Notes,                                      148
+  Index to Proper Names.                               152
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+AULUS GELLIUS.
+
+
+Nothing is known about the life of A. Gellius beyond what can be
+gathered from occasional hints in his own writings; it has even been
+disputed whether his name was Agellius or A. Gellius. Probably he was a
+Roman by birth, of good family and connections. He seems to have spent
+his early years at Rome, studying under the celebrated teachers,
+Sulpicius Apollinaris, T. Castricius, and Antonius Julianus (cf.
+xxxiv. 1): to have continued his studies at Athens, where he lived on
+terms of familiarity with Herodes Atticus, Calvisius Taurus, Peregrinus
+Proteus, and other famous philosophers of that day: and after the lapse
+of many years to have returned to Rome, and devoted the remaining years
+of his life to literary pursuits and the society of a large circle of
+friends. The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but from the
+names of his teachers and friends it is certain that he lived during the
+reigns of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, 117-180 A.D.
+
+The only work of A. Gellius that has reached us, possibly the only one
+that he wrote, is the “Noctes Atticae,” so called because it was begun
+during the long nights of winter in a country house in Attica
+(_longinquis per hiemen noctibus in agro terrae Atticae_). It consists
+of numerous extracts from Greek and Roman writers on subjects connected
+with history, philosophy, philology, and antiquities, illustrated by
+abundant criticisms and discussions. These extracts are thrown together
+without any attempt at order or arrangement, and divided into twenty
+books. He had been accustomed whilst reading, he says, to make notes
+upon anything which struck him as worth remembering. These notes he
+embodied with little change in his work, in the same haphazard order in
+which they had been made (_usi autem sumus ordine rerum fortuito quem
+antea in excerpendo feceramus_).
+
+Naturally the various parts of such a ‘Miscellany’ vary greatly in
+quality. Some portions of it are highly valuable and interesting. For
+instance, many quotations are preserved from ancient authors whose works
+have perished, some of which throw light upon questions of
+constitutional and antiquarian interest, which would otherwise have
+remained obscure; many literary and historical anecdotes are given which
+are valuable in themselves; and some important grammatical usages and
+theories are noted. But the author’s appetite was omnivorous. He is as
+eager to tell the story of a marvellous African serpent, 120 feet in
+length, whose destruction required the utmost efforts of a whole Roman
+army, with their _ballistae_ and _catapultae_ (_magna totius exercitus
+conflictione, ballistis atque catapultis diu oppugnatum._ --_N. A._
+vii. 3), or to discuss some absurd etymology, such as that of _avarus_
+from _avidus aeris_, as to preserve some really valuable detail of
+senatorial procedure, or record the use and origin of obscure
+constitutional phrases. His own criticisms, moreover, are as a rule
+worthless, and his translations are feeble; but in spite of all these
+defects his work is exceedingly interesting, and we could ill afford to
+lose it.
+
+His Latin style shows the defects of his age, an age in which the Romans
+had ceased to feel the full meaning of the words which they used, and
+endeavoured to gain emphasis by employing obscure phrases and unnatural
+turns of expression. But these peculiarities are even more noticeable in
+the writings of his contemporaries.
+
+
+
+
+
+STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS.
+
+
+I. VERGIL AND HIS POEMS.
+
+  _Vergil, who spent much labour in polishing his verses, used to
+  compare himself to a bear, which licks its cubs into shape._
+
+Dicebat P. Vergilius, ut amici eius familiaresque ferunt, se parere
+versus more ursino. “Namque ut illa bestia” inquit, “fetum edit informem
+lambendoque postea conformat et fingit, sic ingenii quoque mei partus
+primum rudes et inperfecti sunt, sed tractando corrigendoque reddo iis
+oris et vultus liniamenta.” {6}
+
+
+II. MENANDER AND PHILEMON.
+
+  _The poet Menander, meeting his successful rival Philemon, asked
+  him if he did not feel ashamed to defeat him._
+
+Menander a Philemone, nequaquam pari scriptore, in certaminibus
+comoediarum ambitu gratiâque saepenumero vincebatur. Ei forte obviam
+factus est Menander, et “Quaeso” inquit, “Philemo, bonâ veniâ dic mihi,
+cum me vincis, nonne erubescis?” {5}
+
+
+III. THE PALM TREE.
+
+  _The palm has been made the emblem of victory, because its wood
+  does not yield, when heavy weights are placed upon it._
+
+Rem hercle mirandam Aristoteles et Plutarchus dicunt. “Si super palmae
+arboris lignum” inquiunt “magna pondera imponis, non deorsum palma cedit
+nec intra flectitur, sed adversus pondus resurgit et sursum recurvatur;
+propterea in certaminibus palma signum victoriae facta est, quoniam
+urgentibus opprimentibusque non cedit.” {7}
+
+
+IV. SOCRATES AND HIS WIFE.
+
+  _Socrates, when asked why he endured his quarrelsome wife, replied
+  that to bear her temper was good discipline._
+
+Xanthippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, admodum morosa et litigiosa fuisse
+fertur, irisque muliebribus per diem perque noctem scatebat. Quam rem in
+maritum Socraten Alcibiades demiratus, “Cur mulierem” inquit “tam
+acerbam domo non exigis?” “Quoniam,” respondit Socrates, “cum illam domi
+talem perpetior, insuesco et exerceor, ut ceterorum quoque foris
+petulantiam et iniuriam facilius feram.” {8}
+
+
+V. THE SELF-DISCIPLINE OF SOCRATES.
+
+  _Socrates used to train himself to bear fatigue by standing
+  motionless for twenty-four hours at a time. His health was always
+  perfect._
+
+Inter labores voluntarios corporis firmandi causâ id quoque accepimus
+Socraten facere insuevisse: stabat per diem perque noctem a lucis ortu
+ad solem alterum orientem immobilis, iisdem in vestigiis, et ore atque
+oculis eundem in locum directis, cogitans, tamquam quodam secessu mentis
+atque animi facto a corpore. {7}
+
+Temperantiâ quoque tantâ fuisse traditus est, ut omnem fere vitam
+valitudine integrâ vixerit. In eâ etiam pestilentiâ, quae in belli
+Peloponnensiaci principiis Atheniensium civitatem depopulata est,
+dicitur vigorem corporis retinuisse. {12}
+
+
+VI. ALEXANDER AND BUCEPHALAS.
+
+  _How Alexander obtained his famous charger Bucephalas, how it
+  saved his life in battle, and how the King showed his gratitude._
+
+Equus Alexandri regis nomine Bucephalas fuit. Emptum Chares scripsit
+talentis tredecim et regi Philippo donatum; hoc autem aeris nostri summa
+est sestertia trecenta duodecim. De hoc equo haec memoriâ digna
+accepimus. {5} Ubi ornatus erat armatusque ad proelium, haud umquam
+inscendi sese ab alio, nisi ab rege passus est. Bello Indico cum
+insidens in eo Alexander facinora faceret fortia, in hostium cuneum, non
+satis sibi providens, inmisit. Coniectis undique in Alexandrum telis,
+vulneribus altis in cervice atque in latere equus perfossus est. {11}
+Moribundus tamen ac prope iam exanguis e mediis hostibus regem citato
+cursu retulit atque, ubi eum extra tela extulerat, ilico concidit et,
+domini iam superstitis securus, animam expiravit. Tum rex Alexander,
+partâ eius belli victoriâ, oppidum in iisdem locis condidit idque ob
+equi honores Bucephalon appellavit. {17}
+
+
+VII. ALCIBIADES AND THE PIPES.
+
+  _Alcibiades, when a boy, refused to learn to play the pipes,
+  because they distorted the player’s mouth._
+
+Alcibiades Atheniensis apud avunculum Periclen educatus est, qui artibus
+ac disciplinis liberalibus puerum docendum curavit. Inter alios
+magistros tibicinem arcessi iussit, ut eum canere tibiis doceret, quod
+honestissimum tum videbatur. Traditas sibi tibias Alcibiades ad os
+adhibuit inflavitque; sed ubi oris deformitatem vidit, abiecit
+infregitque. Cum ea res percrebuisset, omnium tum Atheniensium consensu
+disciplina tibiis canendi desita est. {9}
+
+
+VIII. FABRICIUS AND THE SAMNITE GOLD.
+
+  _Fabricius refused rich presents, which the Samnites offered him,
+  saying that, while he retained command over his senses, he had all
+  that he needed._
+
+Legati a Samnitibus ad C. Fabricium, imperatorem populi Romani, venerunt
+et, memoratis multis magnisque rebus, quae bene post redditam pacem
+Samnitibus fecisset, dono grandem pecuniam obtulerunt. “Quae facimus”
+Samnites inquiunt, “quod multa ad splendorem domus atque victus defieri
+videmus.” {6} Tum Fabricius manus ab auribus ad oculos et infra deinceps
+ad nares et ad os et ad gulam deduxit, et legatis ita respondit: “Dum
+his omnibus membris, quae attigi, imperare possum, numquam quicquam mihi
+deerit; quamobrem hanc pecuniam, quâ nihil mihi est usus, a vobis, qui
+eâ uti scitis, non accipio.” {12}
+
+
+IX. HANNIBAL’S JEST.
+
+  _Antiochus, proud of his army, asked Hannibal if they were ‘enough
+  for the Romans.’ ‘Quite enough,’ replied Hannibal, ‘however greedy
+  the Romans are.’_
+
+Antiochus ostendebat Hannibali in campo copias ingentis, quas bellum
+populo Romano facturus comparaverat, convertebatque exercitum insignibus
+argenteis et aureis micantem; inducebat etiam currus cum falcibus et
+elephantos cum turribus equitatumque frenis, ephippiis, monilibus,
+phaleris fulgentem. {6} Atque ibi rex Hannibalem aspicit et “Putasne”
+inquit “satis esse Romanis haec omnia?” Tum Poenus, eludens ignaviam
+militum eius tam pretiose armatorum, “Satis, plane satis esse credo
+Romanis haec omnia, etiamsi avarissimi sunt.” {11}
+
+
+X. THE DEATH OF MILO.
+
+  _Milo, when enfeebled by age, tried to tear a tree open, but the
+  wood closed on his hands and he perished miserably._
+
+Milo Crotoniensis, athleta inlustris, exitum habuit e vita miserandum et
+mirandum. Cum iam natu grandis artem athleticam desisset iterque faceret
+forte solus in locis Italiae silvestribus, quercum vidit proxime viam
+rimis in parte mediâ hiantem. {5} Tum experiri etiam tunc volens,
+an ullae sibi vires adessent, inmissis in cavernas arboris digitis,
+diducere et rescindere quercum conatus est. Ac mediam quidem partem
+discidit divellitque; quercus autem in duas diducta partis, cum ille
+manus laxasset, rediit in naturam, manibusque eius retentis inclusisque
+dilacerandum hominem feris praebuit. {12}
+
+
+XI. A HOAX:--THE STORY OF PAPIRIUS PRAETEXTATUS.
+
+  _The young Papirius, pressed by his mother to reveal the secret
+  proceedings of the Senate, told her that they had debated whether
+  it was better for one husband to have two wives, or one wife two
+  husbands._
+
+Mos antea senatoribus Romae fuit, in curiam cum praetextatis filiis
+introire. Forte res maior quaepiam consultata et in diem posterum
+prolata est, placuitque ut eam rem ne quis enuntiaret, priusquam decreta
+esset. Sed mater Papirii pueri, qui cum patre suo in curiâ fuerat,
+percontata est filium, quidnam in senatu patres egissent. {7} Puer
+respondit tacendum esse neque id dici licere. Mulier autem fit audiendi
+cupidior, ac tandem puer matre urgente lepidi mendacii consilium capit.
+Actum in senatu dixit, utrum videretur utilius exque republicâ esse,
+unusne ut duas uxores haberet, an ut una duobus nupta esset. {12}
+
+
+XII. THE RESULT OF THE HOAX.
+
+  _The consternation of the Roman Matrons, the bewilderment of the
+  Senators, the confession of Papirius, and the reward for his
+  discretion._
+
+Ubi illa hoc audivit, domo trepidans egreditur, ad ceteras matronas se
+adfert. Pervenit ad senatum postridie matrum familias caterva.
+Lacrimantes atque obsecrantes orant, ut una potius duobus nupta fieret
+quam ut duae uni. Senatores in curiam ingredientes mirabantur, quae illa
+mulierum insania et quid sibi postulatio istaec vellet. {7} Puer
+Papirius in medium curiae progressus, quid mater audire institisset,
+quid ipse matri dixisset, denarrat. Senatus fidem atque ingenium pueri
+laudat et consultum facit, uti posthac pueri cum patribus in curiam ne
+introeant, praeter illum unum Papirium, cui postea cognomen honoris
+gratiâ datum “Praetextatus.” {13}
+
+
+XIII. SERTORIUS.
+
+  _The extraordinary influence that Sertorius exercised over the
+  minds of his soldiers, and the means by which he maintained this
+  influence._
+
+Sertorius, vir acer egregiusque dux, et utendi et regendi exercitus
+peritus fuit. Is in temporibus difficillimis et mentiebatur ad milites,
+si mendacium prodesset, et litteras compositas pro veris legebat, et
+somnium simulabat, et falsas religiones conferebat, si quid istae res
+eum apud militum animos adiuvabant. {6} Haec hominum barbarorum
+credulitas Sertorio in magnis rebus magno usui fuit. Memoria prodita
+est, neminem umquam ex his nationibus, quae cum Sertorio faciebant, cum
+multis proeliis superatus esset, ab eo descivisse, quamquam id genus
+hominum esset mobilissimum. {12}
+
+
+XIV. SERTORIUS AND THE DOE.
+
+  _Sertorius pretended that divine revelations were made to him
+  through a white doe. This doe once ran away, but was soon found
+  again. The use which Sertorius made of this incident._
+
+Huic Sertorio cerva alba eximiae pulchritudinis et celeritatis a
+Lusitano quodam dono data est. Hanc persuasit omnibus, oblatam sibi
+divinitus et instinctam Dianae numine, conloqui secum et monere et
+docere, quae utilia factu essent, ac, si quid durius videbatur, quod
+imperandum militibus foret, a cervâ sese monitum praedicabat. {7} Id cum
+dixerat, universi, tamquam si deo, libentes ei parebant. Ea cerva quodam
+die, cum incursio hostium esset nuntiata, tumultu consternata in fugam
+se proripuit atque in palude proximâ delituit, et postea requisita
+periisse credita est. Neque multis diebus post inventam esse cervam
+Sertorio nuntiatur. {12} Tum eum qui nuntiaverat iussit tacere ac, ne
+cui palam diceret, interminatus est praecepitque, ut eam postero die
+repente in eum locum, in quo ipse cum amicis esset, inmitteret. {16}
+Admissis deinde amicis postridie, cervam ait, quae periisset, visam esse
+in quiete ad se reverti et, ut prius consuerat, quod opus esset facto
+praedicere; tum servo quod imperaverat significat, cerva emissa in
+cubiculum Sertorii introrupit, clamor factus et orta admiratio est. {21}
+
+
+XV. TARQUIN AND THE SIBYLLINE BOOKS.
+
+  _A Sibyl offered to sell King Tarquin nine books for a large sum.
+  On his scornful refusal she burnt three, and offered the remaining
+  six for the same sum, but he again refused. She burnt three more
+  and offered the remaining three for the same sum: these the King
+  bought and deposited in the ‘Sacristy.’_
+
+In antiquis annalibus haec memoria de libris Sibyllinis prodita est:
+Anus hospita atque incognita ad Tarquinium Superbum regem adiit, novem
+libros ferens, quos divina oracula esse dicebat; eos velle vendere.
+Tarquinius pretium percontatus est. Mulier nimium atque inmensum
+poposcit: rex, quasi anus aetate desiperet, derisit. {7} Tum illa
+foculum coram cum igni apponit, tris libros ex novem deurit et, ecquid
+reliquos sex eodem pretio emere vellet, regem interrogavit. Sed enim
+Tarquinius id multo magis risit, dixitque anum iam procul dubio
+delirare. Mulier ibidem statim tris alios libros exussit atque id ipsum
+denuo placide rogat, ut tris reliquos eodem illo pretio emat. {14}
+Tarquinius ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit, eam constantiam
+confidentiamque non contemnendam intellegit, libros tris reliquos
+mercatur nihilo minore pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus. Sed
+ea mulier tunc a Tarquinio digressa postea nusquam loci visa est. Libri
+tres, in sacrarium conditi, “Sibyllini” appellati; ad eos quasi ad
+oraculum quindecimviri adeunt, cum di immortales publice consulendi
+sunt. {22}
+
+
+XVI. SCIPIO AFRICANUS IMPEACHED: HIS ANSWER.
+
+  _Scipio was accused of having received bribes from Antiochus.
+  Scorning to answer such a charge, he reminded the people that this
+  was the anniversary of his great victory at Zama, and called upon
+  them to follow him to the Capitol and there return thanks to the
+  gods._
+
+M. Naevius tribunus plebis accusavit Scipionem ad populum, dixitque eum
+accepisse a rege Antiocho pecuniam, ut condicionibus mollibus pax cum eo
+populi Romani nomine fieret, et quaedam item alia indigna tali viro
+addidit. Tum Scipio pauca praefatus, quae dignitas vitae suae atque
+gloria postulabat, {6} “Memoriâ” inquit, “Quirites, repeto, diem esse
+hodiernum, quo Hannibalem Poenum, imperio vestro inimicissimum, magno
+proelio in terrâ Africâ vici, pacemque et victoriam vobis peperi
+praeclaram. Non igitur simus adversum deos ingrati et, censeo,
+relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Iovi optimo maximo
+gratulatum.” {13} Id cum dixisset, avertit et ire ad Capitolium coepit.
+Tum contio universa, quae ad sententiam de Scipione ferendam convenerat,
+relicto tribuno Scipionem in Capitolium comitata, atque inde ad aedes
+eius cum laetitiâ et gratulatione sollemni prosecuta est. {18}
+
+
+XVII. SCIPIO AFRICANUS: ANOTHER IMPEACHMENT.
+
+  _Scipio on another occasion was accused of embezzling the money
+  paid by Antiochus as a war indemnity: he answered the charge by
+  tearing his accounts in pieces before the eyes of the Senators._
+
+Item aliud est factum eius praeclarum. Petilii quidam tribuni plebis a
+M., ut aiunt, Catone, inimico Scipionis, comparati in eum atque inmissi,
+desiderabant in senatu, ut pecuniae Antiochinae praedaeque in eo bello
+captae rationem redderet: fuerat enim L. Scipioni Asiatico, fratri suo,
+imperatori in eâ provinciâ legatus. {7} Ibi Scipio exurgit et, prolato e
+sinu togae libro, rationes in eo scriptas esse dixit omnis pecuniae
+omnisque praedae; allatum, ut palam recitaretur et ad aerarium
+deferretur. “Sed enim id iam non faciam” inquit, “nec me ipse afficiam
+contumeliâ,” eumque librum statim coram discidit suis manibus, aegre
+passus, quod, cui salus imperii ac reipublicae accepta referri deberet,
+ab eo ratio praedae posceretur. {14}
+
+
+XVIII. SCIPIO AFRICANUS AND THE GODS.
+
+  _Scipio believed that he was a special favourite of the gods:
+  before entering on any important work he used to spend hours of
+  quiet meditation in the temple on the Capitol. A story is given
+  showing his power of foreseeing the future._
+
+Id etiam dicere haut piget, quod ii, qui de vitâ et rebus Africani
+scripserunt, litteris mandaverunt. Solitus est noctis extremo ante
+primam lucem in Capitolium ventitare ac iubere aperiri cellam Iovis,
+atque ibi solus diu demorari, quasi consultans de republicâ cum Iove.
+{6} Aeditumi eius templi saepe admirati, quod in eum solum id temporis
+in Capitolium ingredientem canes, semper in alios saevientes, neque
+latrarent neque incurrerent. Has volgi de Scipione opiniones confirmare
+atque approbare videbantur dicta factaque eius pleraque admiranda. Ex
+quibus est unum huiuscemodi. {12} Assidebat oppugnabatque oppidum in
+Hispaniâ situm, moenibus defensoribusque validum et munitum, re etiam
+cibariâ copiosum, nullaque eius potiundi spes erat. Quodam die ius in
+castris sedens dicebat, atque ex eo loco id oppidum procul visebatur.
+{17} Tum quispiam e militibus, qui in iure apud eum stabant,
+interrogavit ex more, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti iuberet:
+et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens,
+perendie sese sistere illo in loco iussit. Atque ita factum: die tertio,
+in quem vadari iusserat, oppidum captum est eodemque eo die in arce eius
+oppidi ius dixit. {24}
+
+
+XIX. DUTY AND FRIENDSHIP.
+
+  _How a man, when trying a friend who was guilty, succeeded in
+  reconciling the claims of duty and of friendship, by himself
+  voting for condemnation, but persuading his fellow iudices to vote
+  for acquittal._
+
+Super amici capite iudex cum duobus aliis fui. Ita lex fuit, uti eum
+hominem condemnari necesse esset. Aut amico igitur caput perdendum aut
+adhibenda fraus legi fuit. Multa cum animo meo ad casum tam ancipitem
+medendum consultavi; tandem hoc, quod feci, visum est optimum. Ipse
+tacitus ad condemnandum sententiam tuli, iis qui simul iudicabant, ut
+absolverent, persuasi. Sic mihi et iudicis et amici officium in re tantâ
+salvum fuit. {9}
+
+
+XX. AVOID OBSOLETE LANGUAGE.
+
+  _Favorinus rebuked a young man, who affected the use of archaic
+  language, by telling him to hold his tongue altogether if he did
+  not wish to be understood: if he admired the purity of the good
+  old times he should imitate their ways, not their words._
+
+Favorinus philosophus adulescenti, veterum verborum cupidissimo et
+plerasque voces nimis priscas et ignotas in cotidianis sermonibus
+expromenti, “Curius” inquit “et Fabricius et Coruncanius, antiquissimi
+viri, et his antiquiores Horatii illi trigemini plane ac dilucide cum
+suis locuti sunt, neque Auruncorum aut Sicanorum aut Pelasgorum, qui
+primi coluisse Italiam dicuntur, sed aetatis suae verbis usi sunt; {8}
+tu autem, proinde quasi cum matre Euandri nunc loquare, sermone abhinc
+multis annis iam desito uteris, quod neminem vis scire atque intellegere
+quae dicas. Nonne, homo inepte, ut quod vis abunde consequaris, taces?
+{12} Sed antiquitatem tibi placere ais, quod honesta et bona et sobria
+et modesta sit. Vive ergo moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis
+praesentibus: atque id, quod a C. Caesare scriptum est, habe semper in
+memoriâ atque in pectore, ut tamquam scopulum sic fugias insolens
+verbum.” {18}
+
+
+XXI. TORQUATUS AND THE GAUL:--THE CHALLENGE.
+
+  _In one of the struggles between the Romans and the Gauls in 361
+  B.C. a gigantic Gaul challenged the Romans to send out a champion
+  to meet him: all held back except the young T. Manlius._
+
+Titus Manlius summo loco natus fuit. Ei cognomen factum est Torquatus.
+Causa cognomenti fuisse dicitur torquis, quam ex hoste, quem occiderat,
+detractam induit. Quis hostis fuerit et qualis pugna ita accepimus. {5}
+
+Galli contra Romanos pugnabant, cum interim Gallus quidam nudus praeter
+scutum et gladios duos, torque atque armillis decoratus, qui et viribus
+et magnitudine et adulescentiâ et virtute ceteros praestabat, processit
+et manu significare coepit utrisque, ut quiescerent. Extemplo silentio
+facto voce maximâ conclamat, si quis secum depugnare vellet, uti
+prodiret. {12} Nemo audebat propter magnitudinem atque inmanem faciem.
+Deinde Gallus inridere coepit atque linguam exertare. Doluit Titus
+Manlius, tantum flagitium civitati adcidere, e tanto exercitu neminem
+prodire. Processit ipse scuto pedestri et gladio Hispanico cinctus et
+contra Gallum constitit. {18}
+
+
+XXII. TORQUATUS AND THE GAUL:--THE BATTLE.
+
+  _In the struggle which followed Manlius disconcerted the Gaul by
+  suddenly with his shield dashing him back from his posture of
+  defence; he then came to close quarters with the Gaul, and slew
+  him. He put on his own neck the necklace which the Gaul had worn;
+  hence he was named Torquatus. This same Manlius executed his son
+  for disobeying orders and slaying an enemy who had challenged
+  him._
+
+Metu magno ea congressio in ipso ponte, utroque exercitu inspectante,
+facta est. Constitit Gallus suâ disciplinâ scuto proiecto cunctabundus;
+Manlius, animo magis quam arte confisus, scuto scutum percussit atque
+statum Galli conturbavit. {5} Dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto
+constituere studet, Manlius iterum scuto scutum percutit atque de loco
+hominem iterum deiecit; eo pacto ei sub Gallicum gladium successit atque
+Hispanico pectus hausit; deinde continuo umerum dextrum incidit neque
+recessit usquam, donec subvertit. Ubi eum evertit, caput praecidit,
+torquem detraxit eamque sanguinulentam sibi in collum inponit. Quo ex
+facto ipse posterique eius Torquati sunt cognominati. {13}
+
+Ab hoc Tito Manlio imperia et aspera et immitia Manlia dicta sunt,
+quoniam postea, cum bello adversum Latinos esset consul, filium suum
+securi percussit, qui speculatum ab eo missus, pugnâ interdictâ, hostem,
+a quo provocatus fuerat, occiderat. {18}
+
+
+XXIII. VALERIUS CORVINUS:--THE ORIGIN OF HIS NAME.
+
+  _On another occasion the young Valerius accepted the challenge of
+  a gigantic Gaul. During the fight a raven aided the Roman by
+  attacking his enemy with its talons; thus helped Valerius slew the
+  Gaul, and received the name of Corvinus._
+
+Copiae Gallorum ingentes agrum Pomptinum insederant instruebanturque
+acies a consulibus. Dux interea Gallorum, vastâ proceritate armisque
+auro praefulgentibus, manu telum vibrans incedebat perque contemptum et
+superbiam circumspicit despicitque omnia, et venire iubet et congredi,
+si quis pugnare secum ex omni Romano exercitu auderet. {7} Tum Valerius
+adulescens, tribunus iam militaris, ceteris inter metum pudoremque
+ambiguis, impetrat a consulibus, ut in Gallum pugnare sese permitterent,
+et progreditur intrepidus obviam. Et congrediuntur et consistunt et
+conserebantur iam manus. {12} Atque ibi vis quaedam divina fit: corvus
+repente advolat et super galeam tribuni insistit atque inde in
+adversarii os atque oculos pugnare incipit, eius manum unguibus laniabat
+atque, ubi satis saevierat, revolabat in galeam tribuni. Sic tribunus,
+spectante utroque exercitu, et suâ virtute nixus et operâ, alitis
+adiutus, ducem hostium ferocissimum vicit interfecitque, atque ob hanc
+causam cognomen habuit Corvinum. {20}
+
+Statuam Corvino isti divus Augustus in foro suo statuendam curavit. In
+eius statuae capite corvi simulacrum est, rei pugnaeque, quam diximus,
+monimentum.
+
+
+XXIV. AESOP.
+
+  _Aesop in his fables gives good advice in a pleasant way, and
+  hence men attend to him. An instance of this is his fable of the
+  lark, which has been put into verse by Ennius._
+
+Aesopus ille e Phrygia fabularum scriptor haud inmerito sapiens
+existimatus est; quae enim utilia monitu suasuque erant, non severe
+praecepit, ut philosophis mos est, sed hilares iucundosque apologos
+commentus, in mentes hominum cum audiendi quâdam inlecebrâ induit. {6}
+Velut haec eius fabula de parvae avis nidulo lepide praemonet spem
+fiduciamque rerum, quas efficere quis possit, haut umquam in alio, sed
+in semetipso habendam. Hunc Aesopi apologum Q. Ennius in satiris
+versibus quadratis composuit, quorum duo postremi hi sunt: {11}
+
+  Hóc erit tibi árgumentum sémper in promptú situm,
+  Né quid expectés amicos, quód tute agere póssies. {13}
+
+
+XXV. A FABLE OF AESOP:--THE LARK AND THE REAPERS.
+
+  _A certain lark found the corn, in which it had built, ripe for
+  cutting before its young were fledged. It therefore ordered them
+  to report anything unusual which might happen in its absence. The
+  first day they announced that the master had been to the field and
+  had sent to ask his friends to help him to reap the corn. On
+  hearing this the mother said that there was no immediate need for
+  them to leave the field._
+
+Avis est parva, nomen est cassita. Habitat in segetibus, id ferme
+temporis ut appetat messis pullis iam iam plumantibus. Ea cassita in
+sementes forte congesserat tempestiviores; propterea frumentis
+flavescentibus pulli etiam tunc inplumes erant. {5} Dum igitur ipsa iret
+cibum pullis quaesitum, monet eos, ut, si quid ibi rei novae fieret
+dicereturve, animadverterent idque sibi, ubi rediisset, nuntiarent.
+Dominus postea segetum illarum filium adulescentem vocat et “Videsne”
+inquit “haec maturuisse et manus iam postulare? idcirco cras, ubi primum
+dilucescit, fac amicos eas et roges, ut veniant operamque mutuam dent et
+in hac messi nos adiuvent.” {13} Haec ubi ille dixit, et discessit.
+Atque ubi redit cassita, pulli tremibundi orare matrem, ut iam statim
+properet inque alium locum sese asportet: “Nam dominus” inquiunt “misit,
+qui amicos roget, uti luce oriente veniant et metant.” Mater iubet eos
+otioso animo esse: “Si enim dominus” inquit “messim ad amicos reiicit,
+cras seges non metetur, neque necesse est hodie uti vos auferam.” {20}
+
+
+XXVI. THE LARK AND THE REAPERS (_Continued_).
+
+  _Next day the young ones reported that the master, finding his
+  friends had not come, had sent to ask the aid of his relations.
+  The mother still tells them to be in no fear, and next day again
+  goes out to seek food. This time the young ones report that the
+  master, finding his relations lingered, had determined to cut the
+  corn himself. On hearing this the mother announces that they must
+  go at once._
+
+Die postero mater in pabulum volat. Dominus, quos rogaverat, opperitur.
+Sol fervit, et fit nihil; it dies, et amici nulli eunt. Tum ille rursum
+ad filium “Amici isti” inquit “cessatores sunt. Quin potius imus et
+cognatos adfinesque nostros oramus, ut adsint cras ad metendum?” {6}
+Itidem hoc pulli pavefacti matri nuntiant. Mater hortatur, ut tum quoque
+sine metu ac sine curâ sint; cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme tam
+faciles esse ait, ut ad laborem capessendum nihil cunctentur et statim
+dicto oboediant: “Vos modo” inquit “advertite, si modo quid denuo
+dicetur.” Aliâ luce ortâ avis in pastum profecta est. {12} Cognati et
+adfines operam, quam dare rogati sunt, neglexerunt. Ad postremum igitur
+dominus filio “Valeant” inquit “amici cum propinquis. Afferes primâ luce
+falces duas; unam egomet mihi et tu tibi capies alteram et frumentum
+nosmetipsi manibus nostris cras metemus.” {17} Id ubi ex pullis dixisse
+dominum mater audivit, “Tempus” inquit “est cedendi et abeundi; fiet
+nunc dubio procul quod futurum dixit. In ipso enim iam vertitur cuia res
+est, non in alio, unde petitur.” Atque ita cassita e nido migravit,
+seges a domino demessa est. {23}
+
+
+XXVII. PYRRUS AND FABRICIUS.
+
+  _A friend of King Pyrrus came to the Roman general Fabricius and
+  offered to poison the King for a bribe. Fabricius reported the
+  matter to the Senate, who warned Pyrrus to be on his guard. Pyrrus
+  showed his gratitude by sending back all the Roman prisoners._
+
+Cum Pyrrus rex in terrâ Italiâ esset et unam atque alteram pugnas
+prospere pugnasset et pleraque Italia ad regem descivisset, tum
+Ambraciensis quispiam Timochares, regis Pyrri amicus, ad C. Fabricium
+consulem furtim venit ac praemium petivit et, si de praemio conveniret,
+promisit se regem venenis necaturum; idque facile esse factu dixit,
+quoniam filius suus pocula in convivio regi ministraret. {8} Eam rem
+Fabricius ad senatum scripsit. Senatus ad regem legatos misit
+mandavitque, ut de Timochare nihil proderent, sed monerent, uti rex
+cautius ageret atque a proximorum insidiis salutem tutaretur. Quamobrem
+Pyrrus populo Romano laudes atque gratias scripsisse dicitur captivosque
+omnes, quos tum habuit, vestivisse et reddidisse. {15}
+
+
+XXVIII. ANDROCLUS AND THE LION: SCENE IN THE CIRCUS.
+
+  _At the games in the Circus a lion of gigantic size was seen to
+  fawn upon one of the condemned slaves exposed in the arena._
+
+In circo maximo venationis pugna populo dabatur. Multae ibi ferae, sed
+praeter alia omnia leo corpore vasto terrificoque fremitu et sonoro
+animos oculosque omnium in sese converterat. Introductus erat inter
+compluris ceteros ad pugnam bestiarum datos servus viri consularis; ei
+servo Androclus nomen fuit. {6} Hunc ille leo ubi vidit procul, repente
+quasi admirans stetit ac deinde sensim atque placide, tamquam
+familiaris, ad hominem accedit. Tum caudam more adulantium canum blande
+movet cruraque et manus hominis, prope iam exanimati metu, linguâ
+leniter demulcet. {11} Homo Androclus inter illa tam atrocis ferae
+blandimenta amissum animum recuperat, paulatim oculos ad contuendum
+leonem refert. Tum quasi mutuâ recognitione factâ laetos et gratulantes
+videres hominem et leonem. {16}
+
+
+XXIX. ANDROCLUS AND THE LION:--THE SLAVE’S STORY.
+
+  _When questioned by the Emperor the slave explained that he had
+  fled from his master into the African desert, that he had by
+  accident taken refuge in this lion’s cave, and, when the lion had
+  returned to its home lame, he had extracted a thorn from its
+  foot._
+
+Haec tam mira res maximos populi clamores excitat et Caesar Androclum
+vocat quaeritque causam, cur illi uni atrocissimus leo pepercisset. Ibi
+Androclus rem mirificam atque admirandam narrat. {4} “Cum provinciam”
+inquit “Africam proconsulari imperio meus dominus obtineret, ego ibi
+iniquis eius et cotidianis verberibus ad fugam sum coactus et, quo mihi
+a domino, terrae illius praeside, tutiores latebrae forent, in locos
+desertos et remotos concessi ac, si defuisset cibus, consilium fuit
+mortem aliquo pacto quaerere. {10} Tum die medio sole flagrante specum
+quemdam nanctus remotum latebrosumque, in eum me recondo. Neque multo
+post ad eundem specum venit hic leo, debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus
+edens et murmura ob dolorem cruciatumque vulneris. {15} Atque illic
+primo quidem conspectu advenientis leonis territus et pavefactus sum;
+sed postquam introgressus leo videt me procul delitescentem, mitis et
+mansuetus accessit et sublatum pedem ostendere mihi et porrigere quasi
+opis petendae gratiâ visus est. {20} Ibi ego stirpem ingentem, vestigio
+pedis eius haerentem, revelli conceptamque saniem volnere intimo
+expressi et sine magnâ iam formidine siccavi penitus atque detersi
+cruorem. Illâ tunc meâ operâ levatus, pede in manibus meis posito,
+recubuit et quievit.” {25}
+
+
+XXX. ANDROCLUS AND THE LION:--THE SLAVE’S STORY (_continued_).
+
+  _For three years he and the lion had lived together. At last he
+  had grown weary of the savage life, but as soon as he had returned
+  to the haunts of men he had been captured, condemned, and sent to
+  Rome to be exposed to the wild beasts in the circus. Androclus was
+  pardoned and the lion was given to him._
+
+“Ex eo die triennium totum ego et leo in eodem specu eodemque et victu
+viximus. Nam, quas venabatur feras, membra opimiora ad specum mihi
+ferebat, quae ego, ignis copiam non habens, meridiano sole torrens
+edebam. {5} Sed ubi me vitae illius ferinae iam pertaesum est, leone in
+venatum profecto, reliqui specum et, viam ferme tridui permensus,
+a militibus visus adprehensusque sum et ad dominum ex Africâ Romam
+deductus. Is me statim rei capitalis damnandum dandumque ad bestias
+curavit. Intellego autem” inquit “hunc quoque leonem me tunc separato
+captum, gratiam mihi nunc beneficii et medicinae referre.” {13}
+
+Haec dixit Androclus; quae cum scripta essent circumlataque populo et
+declarata, cunctis petentibus dimissus Androclus et poenâ solutus et
+leone suffragiis populi donatus. Postea Androclus et leo, loro tenui
+revinctus, urbe totâ circum tabernas ibat: donatus est aere Androclus,
+floribus sparsus est leo, omnesque ubique obvii exclamant, “Hic est leo
+hospes hominis, hic est homo medicus leonis.” {21}
+
+
+XXXI. THE ACTOR POLUS.
+
+  _Polus, having to act the part of Electra soon after his only son
+  had died, appeared on the stage holding the urn which contained
+  the remains of his son, and over this he wept the tears of real
+  grief._
+
+Histrio in terrâ Graeciâ fuit famâ celebri, cui nomen erat Polus. Is
+unice amatum filium morte amisit, sed ubi cum satis visus est luxisse,
+rediit ad quaestum artis. {4}
+
+Eo tempore Athenis Electram Sophoclis acturus, gestare urnam quasi cum
+Oresti ossibus debebat. Ita compositum fabulae argumentum est ut, veluti
+fratris reliquias ferens, Electra comploret interitum eius existimatum.
+{9} Igitur Polus, lugubri habitu Electrae indutus, ossa atque urnam e
+sepulcro tulit filii et, quasi Oresti amplexus, opplevit omnia non
+simulacris sed luctu atque lamentis veris. Itaque cum agi fabula
+videretur, dolor actus est. {13}
+
+
+XXXII. A GREEK ORATOR IS BRIBED, AND GLORIES IN HIS SHAME.
+
+  _A Greek orator--some say Demosthenes, others Demades--at first
+  opposed a request of the Milesians for aid, but took a bribe to
+  withdraw his opposition. When the matter was again discussed he
+  announced that he was suffering from an inflamed throat, and so
+  could not speak. He afterwards openly boasted that he had been
+  paid to hold his tongue._
+
+Legati Mileto auxilii petendi causâ venerunt Athenas. Tum qui pro sese
+verba facerent advocaverunt; hi, uti erat mandatum, verba pro Milesiis
+ad populum fecerunt, sed Demosthenes Milesiorum postulatis acriter
+respondit; neque Milesios auxilio dignos neque ex republicâ id esse
+contendit. Res tandem in posterum diem prolata est. {7} Tum legati ad
+Demosthenen venerunt oraveruntque, uti contra ne diceret. Is pecuniam
+petivit et quantam petiverat abstulit. Postridie, cum res agi denuo
+coepta esset, Demosthenes, lanâ multâ collum circumvolutus, ad populum
+prodit et dixit se synanchen pati; eo contra Milesios loqui non quire.
+Tum e populo quidam exclamavit, non synanchen eum pati sed argyranchen.
+{14}
+
+Ipse etiam Demosthenes non id postea celavit, quin gloriae quoque hoc
+sibi adsignavit. Nam cum interrogasset Aristodemum, actorem fabularum,
+quantum mercedis, uti ageret, accepisset, et Aristodemus talentum
+respondisset, “At ego plus” inquit “accepi, ut tacerem.” {20}
+
+Quod hic diximus de Demosthene, id nonnulli scriptores in Demaden
+contulerunt. {22}
+
+
+XXXIII. CICERO.
+
+  _Cicero once borrowed money to buy a house, but afterwards denied
+  that he had ever taken the money or had intended to purchase the
+  property. He did buy the house, and, when reminded of what he had
+  said, replied that a prudent man always concealed his intended
+  purchases._
+
+Cicero cum emere vellet in Palatio domum neque pecuniam in praesens
+haberet, a P. Sulla, qui tum reus erat, mutua sestertium viciens tacita
+accepit. Ea res tamen, priusquam emeret, prodita est et in vulgus
+exivit, obiectumque ei est, quod pecuniam domus emendae causâ a reo
+accepisset. {6} Tum Cicero inopinatâ obprobratione permotus accepisse se
+negavit ac domum quoque se empturum negavit. Sed cum postea emisset et
+hoc mendacium in senatu ei ab amicis obiiceretur, risit satis atque
+inter ridendum: “ἀκοινονόητοι” inquit “homines estis, cum ignoratis
+prudentis et cauti patrisfamilias esse, quod emere velit, empturum sese
+negare propter competitores emptionis.” {13}
+
+
+XXXIV. FIRES AT ROME:--A REMEDY.
+
+  _“Property in Rome,” said a friend, “would be worth far more if
+  the risk from fire were not so great.” “Archelaus,” replied
+  Julianus, “preserved his defensive outworks from fire by covering
+  them with alum.”_
+
+Declamaverat Antonius Iulianus rhetor quam felicissime, eumque nos
+familiares eius circumfusi undique prosequebamur domum, cum subeuntes
+montem Cispium conspicimus insulam quandam multis, arduisque tabulatis
+editam, igni occupatam et propinqua iam omnia flagrare vasto incendio.
+{6} Tum quispiam ibi ex comitibus Iuliani, “Magni” inquit “reditus
+urbanorum praediorum, sed pericula sunt longe maxima. Si quid autem
+posset remedii fore, ut ne tam adsidue domus Romae arderent, venum
+hercle dedissem res rusticas et urbicas emissem.” Atque illi Iulianus
+“Si annalem” inquit “undevicensimum Q. Claudi legisses, docuisset te
+profecto Archelaus, regis Mitridati praefectus, quo remedio ignem
+defenderes. {14} In eo enim libro scriptum inveni, cum obpugnaret L.
+Sulla in terrâ Atticâ Piraeum et contra Archelaus regis Mitridati
+praefectus ex eo oppido propugnaret, turrim ligneam defendendi gratiâ
+structam, cum ex omni latere circumplexa igni foret, ardere non quisse,
+quod alumine ab Archelao oblita fuisset.” {20}
+
+
+XXXV. ARION AND THE DOLPHIN.
+
+1. THE ROBBERY.
+
+  _Arion, having gained much money in Italy and Sicily, took ship to
+  return to Corinth, but was robbed and made to leap overboard by
+  the sailors._
+
+Vetus et nobilis cantor Arion fuit. Is oppido Methymnaeus, terrâ Lesbius
+fuit. Eum Arionem rex Corinthi Periander amicum habuit artis gratiâ. Is
+inde a rege proficiscitur, ut terras praeclaras Siciliam atque Italiam
+viseret. Ubi eo venit aures omnium mentesque in utriusque terrae urbibus
+delectavit, et postea grandem pecuniam adeptus Corinthum instituit
+redire. {8} Navem igitur et navitas, ut notiores amicioresque sibi,
+Corinthios delegit. Sed ei Corinthii, homine accepto navique in altum
+provectâ, praedae pecuniaeque cupidi, consilium de necando Arione
+ceperunt. Tum ille pecuniam ceteraque sua eis dedit vitam modo sibi ut
+parcerent oravit. {13} Navitae per vim suis manibus eum non necaverunt,
+sed imperaverunt, ut iam statim coram desiliret praeceps in mare. Homo
+ibi territus, spe omni vitae perditâ, id unum postea oravit, ut,
+priusquam mortem obpeteret, induere permitterent sua sibi omnia et fides
+capere et canere carmen. {19} Quod oraverat impetrat, atque ibi mox de
+more cinctus, amictus, ornatus stansque in summâ puppi, carmen, quod
+“orthium” dicitur, voce sublatissimâ cantavit. Ad postrema cantus cum
+fidibus ornatuque omni, sicut stabat canebatque, iecit sese procul in
+profundum. {24}
+
+
+XXXVI. ARION AND THE DOLPHIN.
+
+2. THE RESCUE.
+
+  _A dolphin carried him safely to Taenarum; thence he travelled to
+  Corinth, and told his adventure to the King. The sailors on their
+  arrival were confronted by Arion and convicted of their crime._
+
+Navitae, hautquaquam dubitantes, quin periisset, cursum, quem facere
+coeperant, tenuerunt. Sed novum et mirum et pium facinus contigit.
+Delphinus repente inter undas adnavit, fluitantique sese homini
+subdidit, et dorso super fluctus edito vectavit incolumique eum corpore
+et ornatu Taenarum in terram Laconicam devexit. {7} Tum Arion prorsus ex
+eo loco Corinthum petivit talemque Periandro regi, qualis delphino
+vectus fuerat, inopinanti sese optulit, eique rem, sicuti acciderat,
+narravit. Rex istaec parum credidit, Arionem, quasi falleret, custodiri
+iussit, navitas inquisitos, ablegato Arione, dissimulanter interrogavit,
+ecquid audissent in his locis, unde venissent, de Arione? {14} Dixerunt
+hominem, cum inde irent, in terrâ Italiâ fuisse et illic bene agere. Tum
+inter haec eorum verba Arion cum fidibus et indumentis, cum quibus se in
+salum deiecerat, extitit, navitaeque stupefacti convictique ire infitias
+non quiverunt. Hanc fabulam dicunt Lesbii et Corinthii, atque fabulae
+argumentum est quod simulacra duo aenea ad Taenarum visuntur, delphinus
+vehens et homo insidens. {21}
+
+
+XXXVII. THE THRACIAN HUSBANDMAN.
+
+  _A Thracian having heard that trees required cutting and pruning,
+  proceeded to chop the tops off his vines and olives, and thus in
+  his ignorance destroyed all his property._
+
+Homo Thracus ex ultimâ barbariâ ruris colendi insolens, cum in terras
+cultiores migrasset, fundum mercatus est oleo atque vino consitum. Qui
+nihil admodum de vite aut arbore colendâ sciret, videt forte vicinum
+rubos alte atque late obortas excidentem, fraxinos ad summum prope
+verticem deputantem, suboles vitium e radicibus super terram fusas
+revellentem, stolones in pomis aut in oleis proceros amputantem; {9}
+acceditque prope et cur tantam ligni atque frondium caedem faceret,
+percontatus est. Et vicinus ita respondit: “Ut ager” inquit “mundus
+purusque fiat, eius arbor atque vitis fecundior.” {12} Discedit ille a
+vicino gratias agens et laetus, tamquam adeptus rei rusticae
+disciplinam. Tum falcem ac securim capit; atque ibi homo miser imperitus
+vites suas sibi omnis et oleas detruncat, comasque arborum laetissimas
+uberrimosque vitium palmites decidit, et virgulta simul omnia, pomis
+gignendis felicia, cum sentibus et rubis purgandi agri gratiâ convellit.
+{19}
+
+
+XXXVIII. MITRIDATES.
+
+  _Mitridates by the use of antidotes made himself proof against
+  poisons: hence when he wished to kill himself he had to use his
+  sword. He could speak perfectly the languages of the twenty-two
+  nations over which he ruled._
+
+Mitridates ille Ponti rex medicinae rei et remediorum sollers erat,
+quorum adsiduo usu a clandestinis epularum insidiis cavebat; quin et
+ultro ostentandi gratiâ venenum rapidum et velox saepenumero hausit,
+atque id tamen sine noxâ fuit. Quamobrem postea, cum proelio victus in
+ultima regni refugisset et mori decrevisset, venena festinandae necis
+causâ frustra expertus, suo se ipse gladio transegit. {8}
+
+Quintus Ennius tria corda sese habere dicebat, quod loqui Graece et Osce
+et Latine sciret. Mitridates autem duarum et viginti gentium, quas sub
+dicione habuit, linguas percalluit, earumque omnium gentium viris haut
+umquam per interpretem conlocutus est, sed linguâ et oratione cuiusque,
+non minus scite quam si gentis eius esset, locutus est. {15}
+
+
+XXXIX. THE PHILOSOPHER AND HIS PUPIL.
+
+  _Euathlus agreed to pay Protagoras a certain sum of money on the
+  day when he won his first case. He never undertook one, so at last
+  Protagoras brought an action against him to recover the money.
+  “You are in this dilemma,” said the philosopher: “if you lose this
+  action, the court will award me the money; if you win it, you will
+  have won your first case, and will owe me the fee according to our
+  agreement.” “Nay,” replied the pupil, “if I win the action,
+  I shall owe you nothing according to the sentence of the court;
+  if I lose, I shall owe you nothing according to our agreement.”_
+
+Euathlus, adulescens dives, eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi
+cupidus fuit. Is in disciplinam Protagorae sese dedit daturumque
+promisit mercedem grandem pecuniam, quantam Protagoras petiverat,
+dimidiumque eius dedit iam tunc pepigitque, ut reliquum dimidium daret,
+quo primo die causam apud iudices orasset et vicisset. {7} Postea cum
+diu auditor Protagorae fuisset, causas tamen non reciperet, tempusque
+iam longum transcurreret et facere id videretur, ne relicum mercedis
+daret, capit consilium Protagoras, ut tum existimabat, astutum: petere
+institit ex pacto mercedem, litem cum Euathlo contestatur. {12}
+
+Cum ad iudices venissent, tum Protagoras sic exorsus est: “Disce,”
+inquit “stultissime adulescens, utroque id modo fore, uti reddas quod
+peto, sive contra te pronuntiatum erit sive pro te. Nam, si contra te
+lis data erit, merces mihi ex sententiâ debebitur, quia ego vicero; sin
+vero secundum te iudicatum erit, merces mihi ex pacto debebitur, quia tu
+viceris.” {20}
+
+Ad ea respondit Euathlus: “Disce igitur tu quoque, magister
+sapientissime, utroque modo fore, uti non reddam quod petis, sive contra
+me pronuntiatum fuerit sive pro me. Nam, si iudices pro causâ meâ
+senserint, nihil tibi ex sententiâ debebitur, quia ego vicero; sin
+contra me pronuntiaverint, nihil tibi ex pacto debebo, quia non vicero.”
+{27}
+
+Tum iudices hoc inexplicabile esse rati, causam in diem longissimam
+distulerunt. Sic ab adulescente discipulo magister doctissimus suo ipse
+argumento confutatus est. {31}
+
+
+XL. ROMAN RESPECT FOR AN OATH; THE STORY OF THE TEN CAPTIVES.
+
+  _Hannibal after the battle of Cannae sent ten captives to Rome to
+  propose an exchange of prisoners, but bound the ten by an oath to
+  return, if the Senate did not accept his offer. The Senate
+  rejected it, and eight out of the ten returned, but two, yielding
+  to the entreaties of their friends, and alleging that they had by
+  a trick freed themselves from the obligation of the oath, remained
+  behind. These two were treated with such scorn that they found
+  life unbearable and committed suicide._
+
+Post proelium Cannense Hannibal ex captivis nostris electos decem Romam
+misit, mandavitque eis pactusque est, ut, si populo Romano videretur,
+permutatio fieret captivorum et pro his, quos alteri plures acciperent,
+darent argenti pondo libram et selibram. Hoc, priusquam
+proficiscerentur, iusiurandum eos adegit, redituros esse in castra
+Poenica, si Romani captivos non permutarent. {8}
+
+Veniunt Romam decem captivi. Mandatum Poeni imperatoris in senatu
+exponunt. Permutatio senatui non placet. Parentes, cognati adfinesque
+captivorum amplexi eos postliminio in patriam redisse dicebant,
+statumque eorum integrum incolumemque esse, ac, ne ad hostes redire
+vellent, orabant. {14} Tum octo ex his postliminium iustum non esse sibi
+responderunt, quoniam iure iurando vincti forent, statimque, uti iurati
+erant, ad Hannibalem profecti sunt. {17} Duo reliqui Romae manserunt
+solutosque se esse ac liberatos religione dicebant, quoniam, cum egressi
+castra hostium fuissent, commenticio consilio, tamquam ob aliquam
+fortuitam causam, eodem regressi sunt, atque ita rursum iniurati
+abissent. {22} Haec eorum fraudulenta calliditas tam esse turpis
+existimata est, ut contempti vulgo sint censoresque eos postea omnibus
+ignominiae notis adfecerint. {25}
+
+Multis autem in senatu placuit, ut datis custodibus ad Hannibalem
+deducerentur, sed ea sententia numero plurium, quibus id non videretur,
+superata. Usque adeo tamen invisi erant, ut taedio vitae necem sibi
+conscivissent. {30}
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+I.
+
+1. +P. Vergilius Maro+, the greatest of Roman epic poets, was
+born 70 B.C. near Mantua, in the N. of Italy, and died 19 B.C. at
+Brundusium, in the S.E. of Italy. His chief works were the _Būcŏlĭcă_
+(βου-κολέω, I tend cattle), or _Eclŏgae_ (‘Selections,’ from ἐκ-λέγω,
+I choose out), a series of short poems, chiefly pastoral; the _Gĕorgĭcă_
+(γῆ ἔργον), a poetical treatise on agriculture; and the _Aenēïs_, or
+story of Aenēas, a poem in twelve books, relating the adventures of
+Aeneas after the fall of Troy.
+
+2. +se parere versus+, ‘that he produced his verses like a bear,’ lit.
+‘in a bear-like manner.’
+
++părĕre+, from _părio_. Distinguish three words, (1) _păro, -avi, -atum,
+-are_, ‘I prepare,’ (2) _pāreo, -ui, -itum, -ēre_, ‘I obey,’ gov. dat.
+case, (3) _părio, pĕpĕri, partum_, or _parĭtum, -ĕre_, ‘I bring forth.’
+
+3. +lambendo+, abl. of the gerund, ‘by licking it’; so +tractando
+corrigendoque+, ‘by polishing and correcting them.’
+
+5. +partus+, nom. pl., best translated by the English sing., ‘the
+offspring of...’
+
+6. +reddo+, compound of +re+ and +do+. _Rĕd_ is used for _re_ in
+_redămo_, _redarguo_, _reddo_, _redeo_, _redhibeo_, _redigo_, _redimo_,
+_redoleo_, _redundo_. In composition the _re_ is short except in ...
++rēligio+ (often spelt _relligio_), +rēliquiae+ (often spelt
+_relliquiae_), and the perfects of _rĕpello_, _rĕperio_, and _rĕfero_,
+viz., +rēpuli+ (or _reppuli_), +rēperi+ (or _repperi_), and +rētuli+ (or
+_rettuli_). +Rēfert+, the impersonal verb, ‘it concerns,’ is a compound
+of _res-fert_: _rĕfero_, makes 3rd sing, _rĕfert_. +Re+ or _red_ in
+composition has two principal meanings, (1) ‘back’ or ‘backward,’ as
+_redeo_, ‘I go back,’ (2) ‘again,’ as _reficio_, ‘I make again, repair.’
+It also frequently denotes (3) ‘duty’ or ‘obligation,’ so _reddo_ here
+means ‘I give as is due,’ ‘render.’
+
+
+II.
+
+1. +Menander+ (342-291 B.C.), an Athenian comic poet, famous as the
+model of Roman dramatists, especially Terence.
+
++Philemon+, also an Athenian comic poet, the contemporary and rival of
+Menander.
+
+2. +in certaminibus comoediarum+. In Athens dramas were represented at
+the great festivals in honour of Dionysus, at which “every citizen was
+present, as a matter of course, from daybreak to sunset” (Donaldson).
+Judges were appointed by lot to decide upon the merits of the rival
+plays. The successful poet was crowned with ivy, and his name was
+proclaimed before the audience.
+
++ambitus+, ‘bribery,’ from _ambio_; properly a ‘going round’ to canvass
+for votes, etc., especially by bribery. _Ambitio_, from the same verb,
+is used both in this sense and also as ‘a desire for power,’ etc., our
+‘ambition.’
+
+4. +quaeso+, used parenthetically like our ‘pray!’
+
++bonâ veniâ+, ‘apologizing for the question’; lit. ‘with your good
+leave...’ _i.e._ ‘pardon me, but...’
+
+5. +nonne+ introduces a question expecting the answer ‘Yes,’ e.g.
+_nonne erubescis_, ‘do you not blush?’ +Num+ introduces a question
+expecting the answer ‘No,’ e.g. _num erubescis_, ‘you do not blush,
+do you?’ +-ne+ is used when the answer is doubtful, e.g. _erubescisne_,
+‘do you blush?’
+
++erubesco+. The termination _-sco_ shows that the verb is inceptive or
+inchoative, _i.e._ denotes the beginning (_inceptum_) of an action or
+state. Such verbs are always of the 3rd conjugation, and form their
+perfects and supines (if they have supines, but in most inceptives the
+supine is wanting) from the simple verb or stem from which they spring,
+e.g. _pallesco_ (from _palleo_), _pallui_, (no supine), _pallescere_,
+I begin to grow pale; _vĕtĕrasco_ (from old form _vĕter_, classical
+_vĕtus_, _-ĕris_), _-ravi_, no sup., _veterascĕre_, ‘I grow old.’
+
+
+III.
+
+1. +Aristoteles+, the Greek philosopher, was born at Stagīra, in
+Macedonia, 384 B.C. He lived for twenty years at Athens, where he was a
+pupil of Plato; afterwards he returned to Macedonia, and became the
+tutor of Alexander. When Alexander succeeded to the throne, Aristotle
+again went to Athens and taught philosophy for 13 years in the Lyceum,
+a gymnasium sacred to Apollo Lyceus. He died in 322 B.C. at Chalcis in
+Euboea. Many of his writings upon logic, moral and political philosophy,
+natural history, etc., have reached us.
+
++Plutarchus+ was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia about 50 A.D. He came to
+Rome at an early age, and spent many years there and in other parts of
+Italy. In his old age he returned to Chaeronea, where he died at an
+unknown date. His works were written in Greek: the most famous of them
+is the _Parallel Lives_ of forty-six Greeks and Romans, arranged in
+pairs, a Greek and a Roman together (_e.g._ Alexander and Caesar,
+Demosthenes and Cicero), the life of each pair being followed by a short
+discussion of their comparative merits.
+
++hercle+ is a nominative form; the similar exclamations _mehercules_,
+_mehercule_, _mehercle_, _hercules_, _hercule_, and _hercle_ are all
+abbreviations for ‘_me Hercules juvet!_’ ‘may Hercules help me!’ Cf. the
+interjectional phrase, ‘_medius fidius_,’ for ‘_me deus Fidius juvet_’,
+‘so help me the God of Faith!’
+
+2. +si super ...+, the order is ‘_si imponis magna pondera super
+lignum palmae arboris_.’
+
+3. +non deorsum+, the wood does not yield and bend inwards beneath the
+weight, but rises up against it and bends outwards.
+
+6. +urgentibus opprimentibusque+, dat. after cedit, ‘it does not
+yield to....’
+
+
+IV.
+
+1. +Socrates+ was born at Athens 469 B.C. His father was a statuary,
+and in early life Socrates followed the same profession, but he soon
+abandoned it and devoted himself entirely to philosophy. He did not
+follow the usual custom of giving public lectures or opening a school,
+but went about in the city talking to men wherever he met them, and
+endeavouring to awake in them a love of true knowledge. By his attacks
+upon the popular theories and his free discussion of religious questions
+he roused a strong antagonism; at last he was impeached on the three
+charges of corrupting the Athenian youth, despising the gods of the
+State, and introducing new deities, and was executed by a draught of
+hemlock poison, 399 B.C. He left no written works, so that our knowledge
+of him is derived from the writings of his pupils and contemporaries,
+chiefly Plato and Xenophon.
+
+3. +iris ... scatebat+, lit. ‘bubbled over with,’ ‘overflowed with ...’
+Cf. Hor. _Od._ iii. 27, 26, ‘_scatentem beluis pontum_,’ ‘the ocean
+teeming with monsters’; and Aulus Gellius, _N. A._ l. 15, uses ‘_scatere
+verbis_.’
+
++quam rem ... demiratus+, ‘having expressed his astonishment at this
+fact to her husband Socrates.’
+
+4. +Alcibiades+, 450-404 B.C., was a brilliant but unprincipled
+Athenian statesman, who became famous during the Peloponnesian war. He
+enjoyed the friendship of Socrates, was saved by Socrates at the battle
+of Potidaea, 432 B.C., and saved the life of Socrates at the battle of
+Delium, 424 B.C.
+
+5. +ăcerbum+, _ăcer-bus_ from _ācer_, as _sŭper-bus_ from _sŭper_.
+Usually words retain the quantity of the word from which they are
+derived, but there are many exceptions, e.g. _hŏmo_ and _hūmanus_,
+_nōtus_ and _cog-nĭtus_, so _rex_, gen. _rēgis_, but _rĕgo_, _dux_, gen.
+_dŭcis_, but _dūco_.
+
+7. +insuesco+. Cf. note on _erubesco_, ii. 5.
+
++exerceor+, in a middle sense, ‘I exercise myself.’ Cf. _faciunt idem,
+cum exercentur, athletae_ (Cic. _Tusc._ ii. 23, 56), ‘athletes do the
+same when they exercise themselves.’ Many Latin passives have thus a
+‘middle’ force; cf. _vertor_, I turn myself; _lavor_, I wash myself; and
+the deponents _glorior_, I boast myself; _vescor_, I feed myself, etc.
+
+8. +ut ... feram+, ‘so that I bear more easily.’ _Ut_ used in a
+consecutive sense, _i.e._ denoting the consequence or result.
+
+
+V.
+
+1. +corporis firmandi causâ+, ‘(undergone) for the sake of
+strengthening his body’--the gerundive attraction. Cf. note xiii. 1.
+
+3. +ad solem alterum orientem+, ‘till the next sunrise.’ _Sol oriens_
+is used for sunrise, _i.e._ the rising of the sun, as ‘_summus mons_’
+for ‘the top of the mountain,’ _Caesar mortuus_ for ‘the death of
+Caesar,’ etc.
+
+5. +tanquam ... facto+, lit. a certain withdrawal, as it were, of mind
+and feeling from the body having taken place, _i.e._ ‘mind and feeling
+having, as it were, left his body.’ He stood in seeming unconsciousness.
+_Animus_, when contrasted with _mens_, is the mind as the seat of the
+passions, etc.; _mens_ the higher reasoning faculty, the intellect.
+
+9. +valitudine integra+, the abl. absolute, ‘in unimpaired health.’
+
+_Ablative Absolute_, ‘absolute’ (_absolutus_, fr. _ab·solvo_,
+‘I release’) here means ‘released’ from government by any word in the
+principal sentence.
+
+The construction is one of many varieties of the adverbial ablative;
+_e.g._ the abl. of time, the abl. of place where, the abl. of manner,
+etc.; but it differs from these ablatives--
+
+(1) In being equivalent to a complete clause, e.g. _Caesar hoc dixit,
+convocatis militibus_ is equivalent to _cum milites convocati essent_.
+
+(2) Or, to express the same fact in another way, it consists of two
+words each in the ablative, one of which stands to the other in the
+relation of predicate to subject; the ‘subject’ being a substantive or
+pronoun, the ‘predicate’ a participle, adjective, substantive, or, more
+rarely, a pronoun.
+
+_Exceptions:_ But (_a_) sometimes the subject is not expressed, and a
+participle is used impersonally by itself in the abl. absol.--the
+participle here being equivalent to a clause containing an impersonal
+verb, e.g. _mihi_, _errato_, _nulla venia_, ‘there is no pardon for me,
+if I blunder’ (_errato = si erratum erit a me_).
+
+(_b_) Sometimes a whole clause is substituted for the abl. of the
+‘subject’: e.g. _excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus_, ‘happy in
+all respects, except the fact that you were not with me’ (lit. ‘the fact
+that you were not with me being excepted’).
+
+_Examples:_ (1) Subst. and participle, _Tullio regnante vixerunt_, ‘they
+lived whilst Tullius was king.’ (2) Subst. and adj., _Hannibale vivo
+Romani semper Poenos timuerunt_, ‘the Romans always feared the
+Carthaginians whilst Hannibal lived.’ (3) Subst. and subst., _Nil
+desperandum Teucro duce_, ‘there is no cause for despair whilst Teucer
+is our leader.’ (4) Subst. and pron., _quid hoc populo obtineri potest_,
+‘what can be maintained with such a people as this?’ (5) Pron. and
+participle, _eis occisis ceteri domum redierunt_, ‘when those men had
+been slain the rest returned home.’ (6) Pron. and adj., _me invito id
+fecit_, ‘he did it contrary to my wishes.’ (7) Pron. and subst., _eo
+rege tuti erant_, ‘they were safe whilst he was king.’
+
+_Note._--(1) The abl. absolute sometimes expresses merely time (_e.g._
+_inita aestate_, ‘at the beginning of summer’), but more often attendant
+circumstances, or cause.
+
+(2) The abl. absol. cannot be used when the ‘subject’ of the clause is
+the same as the subject or object of the principal clause. This rule is
+sometimes, but rarely, violated.
+
+(3) In Greek the genitive is the absolute case: in most modern languages
+the nom. is thus used: but the acc. is sometimes used absolutely in
+German, and in Old English the accusative (representing the dative of
+Anglo-Saxon) was used absolutely. Milton uses both nom. and acc.: cf.
+“Us dispossessed,” _Par. L._, vii. 140; “I extinct,” id. ix. 994.
+
+10. +pestilentia+, the famous plague of Athens, which raged during the
+second and third years of the +Peloponnesian war+. This was a war
+between Athens with her allies and Sparta with her allies, which lasted
+for 28 years, from 431 to 404 B.C., and ended in the defeat of Athens
+and the loss of her maritime supremacy.
+
+
+VI.
+
+1. +Alexander III+. (356-323 B.C.), surnamed the Great, ascended the
+throne of Macedonia on the death of his father Philip, 336 B.C. In the
+13 years of his reign he conquered the greater part of Eastern Europe
+and Asia Minor, and marched even into Northern India and Egypt. The
+incident here mentioned happened in his Indian campaign. In 327 he
+crossed the Indus, entered the Punjaub, defeated and captured the Indian
+king Porus in a great battle on the banks of the Hydaspes, and founded
+there two towns--Bucephalon and Nicaea. He continued his progress as far
+as the banks of the Hyphasis, but here his wearied troops mutinied and
+refused to advance any further.
+
++Būcĕphălās+ (βουκεφάλας, βοῦς κεφαλή), ‘ox-head,’ so called from the
+breadth of its forehead.
+
+2. +emptum+, ‘Chares has stated that it was bought for 13 talents.’
+_talentis_, abl. of price.
+
++Chares+ was an officer at Alexander’s court, who wrote a series of
+anecdotes about the life and exploits of the king.
+
+3. +hoc autem+, the order _is hoc est nostri aeris summa trecenta
+duodecim sestertia_, ‘this is in (lit. of) our money the sum (of) 312
+sestertia.’ Sestertium = 1,000 sestertii, about £8 at this time.
+Therefore 312 sestertia = £312 x 8 = £2,496. For _sestertium_ cf.
+xxxiii. 2.
+
+6. +haud unquam+, etc., ‘it never allowed itself to be mounted by any
+one except the king.’
+
+8. +faceret+, subj. after _cum_.
+
+_Cum_ (= when), like other temporal conjunctions, takes as a rule the
+indic. mood; but the subj. is required when the time of the _cum_ clause
+is regarded as depending on the time of the principal clause. This is
+usually the case in past time, hence the rule is that _cum_ in past time
+requires the imperf. or plup. subj., unless (1) it is used in a
+frequentative sense, _e.g._ ‘as often as’ (but later writers, _e.g._
+Livy, often use the subj. even in this sense), e.g. _cum palam ejus
+anuli ad palmam converterat, a nullo videbatur_ (Cic. _Off._), ‘as often
+as he turned the bezel of that ring to his palm, he was seen by no one,’
+cf. xiv. 7, _id cum dixerat_, ‘as often as he had said that’; (2) it is
+simply equivalent to _et tum_, e.g. _castra ibi posita, cum subito
+advenere Samnitium legiones_ (Livy), ‘the camp had been pitched there,
+when the Samnite legions suddenly arrived’; (3) the two clauses mark
+strictly contemporaneous events, _tum_ being often added in the
+principal clause to mark this fact, e.g. _vos tum paruistis cum paruit
+nemo_ (Cic. _p. Lig._ 7), ‘you were obedient at a time when no one
+(else) was obedient.’
+
+9. +non satis sibi providens+, ‘without sufficient forethought.’
+
++inmisit+ used absolutely, _i.e._ without an object; this, if expressed,
+would be ‘_equum_,’ ‘spurred it forward against.’
+
+11. +moribundus+. The termination _bundus_, or _cundus_, denotes
+fulness, e.g. _vagabundus_, ‘wandering’; _iracundus_, ‘wrathful.’ Cf.
+_L. Primer_, p. 58, § 70 E.
+
+12. +e mediis hostibus+, ‘from the midst of the enemy.’ In many
+phrases the adj. is used in Latin where in English we use a subst. with
+another subst. depending on it, and _vice versa_: e.g. _summus mons_,
+‘the top of the mountain’; but _animi dolor_, ‘mental pain’; cf. v. 3,
+_sol oriens_.
+
+14. +domini iam superstitis securus+, ‘relieved from anxiety for its
+master, now safe.’ For the genitive _domini_ after _securus_, cf.
+_sēcūră fŭtūri_, Ovid; _sēcūrus pĕlăgi atque mei_, Verg.
+
+
+VII.
+
+1. +Alcibiades+. Cf. iv. 4. note.
+
++Pericles+ was a great Athenian statesman. He was born about 490 B.C.
+(the year of the battle of Marathon), and first took part in public
+affairs in 469, when Athens was beginning to develop rapidly after the
+Persian wars. From this time till his death in 429 he was the recognised
+leader of the democratic party. Under his guidance Athens became the
+most powerful state and the most beautiful city in Greece.
+
++ăvuncŭlus+ (deminutive of _ăvus_, a grandfather) is an uncle on the
+mother’s side--a mother’s brother; _pătruus_ (_pā̆ter_), an uncle on the
+father’s side--a father’s brother.
+
+3. +puerum docendum curavit+, ‘had the boy educated.’ This use of the
+gerundive in a final sense, as ‘+an oblique predicate+’ with the direct
+object of certain transitive verbs, e.g. _curo_, _do_, _suscipio_, etc.,
+is common in Latin writers, especially Caesar. Cf. _pontem faciendum
+curavit_, ‘he had a bridge made’; _agros eis habitandos dedit_, ‘he gave
+them lands to dwell in’; _me dandum ad bestias curavit_ (xxx.), ‘he had
+me given to the wild beasts.’ Cf. Note xiii. 1. iv., on the Gerundive.
+
+4. +canere tibiis+, ‘to play on the pipes.’ Both Greeks and Romans
+usually played on a double pipe, composed of two instruments not unlike
+flageolets, joined at the mouth-piece, and spreading out in the form of
+a V; hence the plural _tibiae_. _Tibia_ means originally the shin bone,
+and then a musical instrument, pipes or flutes being at first made of
+bone.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+1. +C. Fabricius+ Luscīnus was one of the most popular heroes in Roman
+history. He was regarded as the type of the old-fashioned honest
+warrior, who was proof against the luxury and corruption of the rising
+generation. In his first consulship, 282 B.C., he defeated the
+Lucanians, Bruttians, and Samnites; in 280-278 B.C. he served with
+distinction against Pyrrus (cf. xxvii.).
+
+The +Samnites+ were a powerful people living to the east of Rome. The
+Romans first came into contact with them in 343 B.C.; for 50 years there
+was war between the two nations; at last the Samnites were conquered,
+but they still maintained their love of freedom, and once more proved
+formidable opponents to Rome in the Social War, 90 B.C.
+
+2. +memoratis ... rebus+, abl. absolute, ‘after mentioning the many
+great services which he had rendered (_rebus quae bene fecisset_) to the
+Samnites after the restoration of peace....’
+
+3. +post redditam pacem+. _Pax reddita_, ‘the restoration of peace.’
+Cf. _sol oriens_, ‘the rising of the sun,’ v. 3. note.
+
+4. +dono+, as a gift, the predicative dative, or dative of purpose
+used as a complement. Cf. Hor. _exitio est avidum mare nautis_, ‘the
+greedy sea is [as] a destruction to sailors.’
+
+11. +quâ+, abl. after _usus_, ‘for which I have no use.’
+
+
+IX.
+
+1. +Hannibal+, the famous general of the Carthaginians in the second
+Punic war, was born in 247 B.C. In 218 he began his march from Spain
+into Italy, crossed the Alps, and defeated the Romans in N. Italy on the
+Ticinus and the Trebia; then followed the great victories at Lake
+Trasimenus, 217, and Cannae, 216. In 203 Hannibal was compelled to
+return to Africa to oppose Scipio, who had defeated the Carthaginian
+troops and their ally Syphax. A decisive battle was fought at Zama,
+October 19th, 202, in which Scipio gained a great victory over Hannibal.
+In the following year peace was made. Hannibal now set to work to
+prepare Carthage for a fresh struggle, but his political enemies
+denounced his designs to the Romans, and he was compelled in 193 B.C. to
+take refuge at the court of +Antiochus+ the Great, King of Syria, who
+was on the eve of war with Rome. On the defeat of Antiochus the
+surrender of Hannibal was made one of the conditions of peace; but he
+fled to Prusias, King of Bithynia, 188 B.C. The Romans still pursued
+him, and sent messengers to Prusias demanding his surrender. Fearing
+that Prusias would be unable to resist this demand, and not knowing
+whither to flee to escape the vengeance of his enemies, he took poison,
+183 B.C.
+
+2. +ingentis+. The acc. pl. of _-i_ nouns of the 3rd decl. varies in
+the mss. between _-īs_, _-eis_, and _ēs_. All three forms seem to have
+been used till the Augustan age, after which period the form in _-es_
+prevailed. A nom. pl. also in _-is_ and _-eis_ is found sometimes in the
+mss. of Plautus and Lucretius and in old inscriptions.
+
++populo Romano+, dat. of the ‘Remoter Object’ after _facturus_, the
+‘nearer object’ being _bellum_.
+
+4. +currus cum falcibus+. The wheels of these chariots were armed with
+projecting scythes or hooks, which kept the enemy at a distance, or cut
+them down, as the charioteers drove at full speed through their ranks.
+These war chariots were in use among the Assyrians, Persians, Medes, and
+Syrians in Asia, and in Europe among the Gauls and Britons. Some have
+supposed that these are the ‘chariots of iron’ referred to in the books
+of Joshua and Judges; but Xenophon (_Cyrop._, vi. i. 30) says that
+‘scythe chariots’ were not introduced into Asia Minor till the time of
+Cyrus.
+
+5. +elephantos cum turribus+, small turrets placed on the backs of the
+elephants, and carrying a few soldiers.
+
+6. +frenis+. The bits were sometimes made of silver and gold, and the
+bridles decorated with jewels, etc.
+
++ephippiis+. The saddles in use among Eastern nations, the Greeks and
+the Romans, consisted sometimes of a mere skin or cloth, sometimes of a
+wooden frame, upon which padded cloth, etc., was stretched; from either
+side cloths hung down, often dyed with bright colours, and decorated
+with fringes, etc.
+
++monilibus+, necklets used as ornaments for horses, as well as for men
+and women.
+
++phaleris+, bosses of metal attached as ornaments to the harness of
+horses and the armour of men. They were sometimes hung as pendants to
+the horse’s saddle, and jangled loudly as it charged forward against the
+enemy. For these military ornaments cf. the well-known passage in
+Verg.,_ Aen._ vii. 276--
+
+  _Omnibus extemplo Teucris jubet ordine duci_
+  _Instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis;_
+  _Aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent;_
+  _Tecti auro, fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum._
+
+7. +putasne+. Cf. ii. 5. note.
+
+8. +Poenus+ (_Poenĭcus_ or _Pūnĭcus_), properly Phoenician, but
+applied by Roman writers especially to the inhabitants of Carthage,
+which was founded about 850 B.C. by Phoenician colonists, who came
+probably from Tyre.
+
+
+X.
+
+1. +Milo+ was the most famous wrestler in Greece; he was six times
+victor in wrestling at the Olympic games and seven times at the Pythian
+games. Many stories are told about his great strength: he is said to
+have carried a heifer four years old on his shoulders through the
+stadium (or race course, a distance of about 40 yards), to have then
+killed it with a blow of his fist, and eaten the whole of it the same
+day. He was a pupil of the great philosopher Pythagoras, at Crotona. One
+day the pillar on which the roof of the school rested suddenly gave way,
+but Milo supported the whole weight of the building, and gave the
+philosopher and his disciples time to escape.
+
++Crotona+ was a Greek city on the S.E. coast of Italy, founded 740 B.C.
+by the Achaeans. It became the most important city in S. Italy, owing to
+its trade with the E. Mediterranean. It attained its greatest power in
+510 by the defeat of its neighbour and rival Sybaris: on this occasion
+Milo commanded the army of Crotona.
+
++Crotoniensis+. Note the use of the adj. where we employ a subst. and
+prep., ‘Milo of Crotona’; so _pugna Cannensis_ (xl. 1.), ‘the Battle of
+Cannae,’ etc.
+
+3. +artem athleticam desisset+, ‘had given up athletics.’ The acc.
+after _desino_ is rare, and chiefly poetical; but Cicero (_Fam._
+vii. 1. 4) uses _artem desinere_.
+
+5. +rimis in parte mediâ hiantem+, lit. ‘gaping open with cracks in
+the middle.’
+
+6. +an ullae ... adessent+. _Adessent_ is the subj. after the
+dependent interrogative word _an_; the construction is called the
+Indirect or Dependent Question, _Interrogatio Obliqua_. Thus ‘who are
+you?’ is ‘_quis es?_’ but ‘I ask you who you are’ is ‘_interrogo quis
+sis_.’
+
++ullae+. _Quisquam_ (pronoun) and _ullus_ (adjective) are used for ‘any’
+in comparative and negative sentences, in questions expecting the answer
+No, and in hypothetical sentences.
+
+11. +rediit in naturam+, ‘returned to its natural (_i.e._ former)
+position.’
+
+12. +feris+, dat. after _praebuit_, ‘gave the man to the beasts to
+tear to pieces.’ For this use of the gerundive cf. xiii. 1. note.
+
+
+XI.
+
+1. +Romae+, ‘at Rome,’ the locative case. This case, which had almost
+died out in classical Latin, originally ended in _-i_ for the singular
+and _-s_ for the plural. In some forms it still survived, viz., (1) in
+such words as _militiae_ (earlier _militiai_), _belli_, ‘in the field,’
+‘at the war’; _domi_, at home; _humi_, ‘on the ground’; _vesperi_ (or
+_-e_), ‘in the evening’; _ruri_, ‘in the country’; _luci_, ‘in the
+light’; and the adverbs _ubi_, ‘in which place’; _ibi_, ‘in that place,’
+etc.; (2) in the names of towns--_Romae_ (earlier _Romai_), ‘at Rome’;
+_Tarenti_, ‘at Tarentum’; _Carthagini_ (or _Carthagine_), ‘at Carthage,’
+etc.; (3) in such phrases as _animi angor_, ‘I am vexed in mind’;
+_maturus aevi_, ‘advanced in age,’ etc.
+
++Curiam+. The word Curia is connected with Cŭres, the chief town of the
+Sabines, and Quĭrītes (or Cŭrītes), the inhabitants of Cŭres. It
+originally denoted one of the 30 divisions into which the Romans and
+Sabines were divided when they united in one community. The word was
+then applied to the building used for the religious service of a Curia,
+and afterwards especially to the building in which the Senate met.
+
+2. +praetextatis+, _i.e._ wearing the _toga praetexta_, a white toga
+with a broad purple border, worn under the Republic by the higher
+magistrates, by persons engaged in paying vows, and by free-born
+children. It is said to have been adopted from the Etruscans, and made
+the royal robe by Tullus Hostilius; and to have been worn with the
+_bulla_ by boys after the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, whose son at the
+age of fourteen slew an enemy with his own hand in the Sabine war, and
+was allowed as a reward to wear the royal robe.
+
++maior+, more important than usual.
+
+4. +placuitque ut eam rem ne quis...+. ‘It was resolved that no one
+should mention the matter until a decision had been arrived at’ (lit.
+until it had been decreed).
+
++ut ... ne quis+, or _ne quis_, ‘that no one,’ is always used in a final
+sentence instead of _ut nemo_; so _ne quid_, _ne ullus_, and _ne
+unquam_, instead of _ut nihil_, _ut nullus_, _ut nunquam_. The
+indefinite pronoun _quis_ is, as a rule, used for ‘any’ or ‘some’ in
+relative sentences, and after _si_, _nisi_, _num_, _ne_, and _cum_; but
+_aliquis_ is sometimes found after _si_, more rarely after _ne_.
+
+5. +decreta esset+. The subj. is required, because this is a dependent
+sentence forming part of the _Oratio Obliqua_ after _placuit_.
+
+7. +egissent+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _quidnam_. Cf.
+x. 6. note. For the same reason _videretur_, line 11, is in subj.
+
+9. +lepidi mendacii consilium capit+, ‘bethought himself of an amusing
+falsehood.’
+
+10. +utrum ... unusne ... an...+. The _-ne_ is ‘pleonastic,’ _i.e._
+more than is required, for the sentence would be complete without
+it--_utrum videretur utilius ut unus ... an (videretur utilius) ut
+una...._ This idiom is chiefly ante-classical (found often in Plautus),
+but Cicero uses it, ‘_est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non
+videatur aegre ferendum ... an ..._’ (Cic. _Tusc._ iv. 27, 59).
+Translate ‘He said the Senate had discussed whether it seemed more
+useful and advantageous to the State that one man should have two wives,
+or that one woman should be married to two men.’
+
+
+XII.
+
+3. +matrum familias+, gen. plur. of _mater familias_. When _familia_
+is compounded with _pater_, _mater_, _filius_, and _filia_, the old gen.
+sing. _famili_+as+ is usually found, but _familiae_ also is frequently
+used by Cicero and other writers, by Livy always. In Sallust and later
+writers even _patres familiarum_ is found.
+
+4. +una potius ... duae+. The order is _ut una (uxor) nupta fieret
+duobus viris potius quam ut duae (uxores nuptae fierent) uni (viro)_.
+
+6. +esset, vellet+, subj. after the dept. interrogatives _quae_ and
+_quid_; so +institisset+ and +dixisset+. Cf. x. 6. note.
+
++quid sibi postulatio istaec vellet+, ‘what that demand of theirs
+meant.’ _Quid sibi res vult_, ‘what does the thing mean?’ lit. ‘what
+does it wish for itself?’ ‘what is its object or drift?’ so _quid tibi
+vis_, ‘what do you mean, or want?’ and, more rarely, _quid mihi volo_,
+‘what do I mean, or want?’
+
+
+XIII.
+
+1. +Sertorius+ was a Roman general, who first distinguished himself in
+Gaul. On the outbreak of civil war in 88 B.C. between Marius and Sulla
+he joined the former. At first the Sullan party were victorious, but
+when their leader went to the East to fight against Mitridates they were
+defeated, and from 87-82 the Marian party were supreme. In 83 (or,
+according to another writer, 82) Sertorius was sent to Spain as governor
+in the Marian interest. Finding himself unable to hold his ground
+against the Sullan generals, he crossed to Africa, and gained various
+successes there. The Lusitani, who inhabited the western part of the
+Spanish peninsula, then invited him to become their leader against the
+Romans. He returned with a small force of 2,600 men, one third of whom
+were Libyans, and then by his extraordinary influence over the natives,
+and his great powers of organisation, succeeded in forming an army which
+for years set at defiance every effort made by the generals of the
+Sullan party, which was now in the ascendant. In 76 Pompeius was sent to
+Spain with a large army to reinforce the Sullan generals, but for five
+years more Sertorius held his ground. At last, in 72 B.C., he was
+assassinated by Perperna and other of his own Roman officers, who were
+jealous of his power.
+
++et utendi et regendi exercitus+, the gerundial attraction. When an
+object is expressed after a gerund, the construction called the
+gerundial, or +gerundival attraction+ is preferred. In this construction
+the object is attracted (if it differs) into the case of the gerund, and
+the gerund, taking adjectival inflections (and then called the
+gerundive), is made to agree adjectivally with the object in number and
+gender.
+
+Examples:--
+
+  _a._ The Acc., _praemisit milites ad Gallos insequendos_, ‘he sent
+  the soldiers forward to pursue the Gauls.’
+
+  _b._ The Gen., _causâ urbis delendae_, ‘for the sake of destroying
+  the city.’
+
+  _c._ The Dat., _bello gerendo me praefecistis_, ‘you placed me in
+  command of the management of the war.’
+
+  _d._ The Abl., _in vestigiis persequendis operam consumpsi_,
+  ‘I spent labour in following their tracks.’
+
+The Gerundival Attraction is of course only used with transitive verbs
+which govern a direct object in the acc. case. The words _fungor_,
+_fruor_, _utor_, _vescor_, _potior_ are exceptions; they are used both
+in this construction and in the constructions explained in ii. and iii.
+below, because they were originally transitive, and governed an acc.
+
+The +gerunds+ and +gerundives+ are the substantival and adjectival forms
+respectively of a participle in _-ndus_. Under the gerund are included
+the substantival forms in _-ndum, -ndi, -ndo_; under the gerundive the
+full adjectival declension in _-ndus, a, um_, etc.
+
++The uses of the gerund and gerundive+ may be divided under four
+headings.
+
+i. By its oblique cases the gerund (and the gerundive in the
+construction mentioned above--the ‘gerundival attraction’) completes the
+active infinite verb noun, which is only used in the nom. and acc., e.g.
+_haec ad iudicandum sunt facillima_, ‘these matters are very easy to
+decide’; _amor agendi, canendi_, etc., ‘love of acting, singing,’ etc.;
+_causâ agendi_, ‘for the sake of acting’; _aqua utilis bibendo_, ‘water
+useful for drinking’; _mens alitur discendo_, ‘the mind is nourished by
+learning.’
+
+ii. The nom. (and in _oratio obliqua_ the acc.) of the gerund is used
+intransitively with parts of the verb _sum_ (_est_, _erat_, _fuit_,
+_esse_, etc.), as an impersonal verb to denote necessity, duty, or
+suitability, e.g. _nunc est bibendum_, ‘now it is right to drink’,
+_eundum est_, ‘there is a necessity to go’; _parendum est legibus_, ‘it
+is necessary to be obedient to the laws.’ The person on whom the duty
+falls is expressed by the dat. case, the ‘Dative of the Agent,’ except
+after verbs which govern a dative; after these, to avoid ambiguity, the
+agent is expressed by _a_ or _ab_ with the abl., e.g. _eundum est mihi_,
+‘I must go,’ but _parendum est ei a te_, ‘you must obey him’.
+
+iii. The gerundive is used (1) personally as a verb, usually with a
+passive signification, e.g. _aqua bibenda est_, ‘water ought to be
+drunk’; (2) as a mere epithet, e.g. _ridenda poemata_, ‘poems to be
+laughed at.’
+
+iv. The acc. of the gerundive is used in a final sense as an oblique
+predicate, or complement, agreeing with the direct object of certain
+transitive verbs--_curo_, _do_, _suscipio_, _habeo_, etc., e.g. _Caesar
+pontem faciendum curavit_, ‘Caesar had a bridge made’; _agros eis
+habitandos dedit_, ‘he gave them the lands to dwell in.’ Cf. vii. 3.
+note.
+
+8. +usui+, predicative dative or dat. of purpose. Cf. _dono_, viii. 4.
+note.
+
++memoria+, etc. The order is _memoria prodita est neminem ex his
+nationibus, quae cum S. faciebant_ (‘who served with Sertorius’), _cum
+multis proeliis superatus esset_ (‘although he had been defeated in many
+battles’), _unquam ab eo descivisse_.
+
+
+9. _neminem._ The gen. of this word, _neminis_, is only found in
+writers before Cicero, the abl. _nemine_ in late writers (_e.g._ Tacitus
+and Suetonius), and once in Plautus; the plural is not used. Hence we
+have
+
+  Nom.,  _nemo_,              _nulli_, etc.
+  Acc.,  _neminem_,           _nullos_, etc.
+  Gen.,  _nullius_,           _nullorum_, etc.
+  Dat.,  _nemini_,            _nullis_.
+  Abl.,  _nullo_ or _nullâ_,  _nullis_.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+1. +alba+. _Albus_ is a dull white as opposed to _ater_, dull black;
+_candidus_, shining white, opposed to _niger_, shining black.
+
++eximiae pulchritudinis et celeritatis+, genitives of quality.
+
+2. +dono+, predicative dat., or dat. of purpose. Cf. _dono_, viii. 4.
+note.
+
+5. +factu+, the supine in _-u_, used as an abl. of respect. Cf.
+_foedum dictu est_, ‘it is horrible to state’ (lit. ‘in the saying’),
+and xxiv. 2, _utilia monitu suasuque_.
+
++quid+, the indef. pron.; so _cui_, line 13. For its use after _si_ cf.
+xi. 4. note.
+
+7. +dixerat+, indic. after _cum_ in a frequentative sense, ‘whenever
+he had said that.’ Cf. vi. 8. note.
+
+10. +in fugam se proripuit+, ‘took to hasty flight.’
+
+18. +consuerat+, indic., because it is not part of what Sertorius
+said, but a statement made by the author.
+
++quod opus esset facto+, ‘what had to be done.’ _Facto_ is the abl. of
+the perf. part. pass.; for this use cf. _maturato, properato opus est_,
+‘there is need of haste’; and the similar construction with the abl. of
+the supine, _dictu opus est_ (Terence), ‘it is necessary to speak’;
+_quod scitu opus est_ (Cicero), ‘what has to be known.’
+
+
+XV.
+
+
++Tarquinius Superbus+, according to tradition, was the seventh and last
+of the Roman kings (535-510 B.C.), the others being Romulus, Numa
+Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius
+Tullius.
+
+1. +Libris Sibyllinis+. Little is known about the famous Sibylline
+books. They were probably derived from Cumae in Campania, the seat of a
+celebrated oracle. At Rome they were kept in a stone chest (_sacrarium_)
+beneath the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, under the charge of certain
+officers (_quindecimviri_), and consulted only by the special command of
+the Senate. In 82 B.C. this temple was burnt and the books destroyed.
+A fresh collection of oracles was made by ambassadors sent to the chief
+cities of Italy, Greece, and Asia Minor. When the temple was rebuilt
+these were deposited in the same place, but many spurious prophetic
+books, purporting to be Sibylline oracles, seem to have got into
+circulation at Rome, and several revisions of the books were ordered
+from time to time. Christian writers frequently appeal to the Sibylline
+oracles as containing prophecies of the Messiah.
+
+2. +hospita+, feminine form of _hospes_. Cf. _antistes_ and
+_sacerdos_, priest, _antistita_ and _sacerdota_ (in inscriptions),
+priestess, _sospes_ and _sospita_, saviour, etc.
+
+4. +eos velle vendere+, ‘(she said) that she wished to sell them.’
+
+6. +nimium atque inmensum+, 300 pieces of gold, according to one form
+of the legend.
+
++quasi ... desiperet+. _Quasi_, ‘as if,’ introducing a statement which
+is not a fact, naturally governs the subj., ‘as if she were mad’ (but
+she was not). In sentences of comparison introduced by such conjunctions
+as _tanquam_, _ceu_, _quasi_, _velut_, etc., the subj. is usually found,
+because the statement is usually not true; but when the statement is a
+fact the indic. is employed, e.g. _Fuit olim, quasi nunc ego sum, senex_
+(Plautus). Frequently _quasi_, etc., are used, not as conjunctions
+introducing the sentence, but adverbially with a single word; in such
+cases they do not affect the mood, e.g. _servis respublica et quasi
+civitas domus est_ (_Pl. Ep._ viii. 16), ‘to slaves their home is a
+state, and, as it were, a city.’ Cf. xviii. 5, _quasi consultans cum
+Jove_.
+
+7. +foculum+. _Fŏcŭlus_, deminutiveof _fŏcus_ (a hearth). Cf.
+_rĭvŭlus_, a rivulet, and _rivus_, a river.
+
+9. +vellet+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _ecquid_. Cf.
+x. 6. note.
+
+10. +sed enim+, ‘but indeed.’ Cf. the use of ἀλλὰ γὰρ in Greek.
+
+14. +ore ... fit+, ‘now becomes serious and more attentive’ (lit. ‘of
+a serious countenance and more attentive mind’). _Ore_ and _animo_ are
+ablatives of quality.
+
+19. +nusquam loci+, ‘nowhere in the world.’ The genitives _loci_,
+_locorum_, _gentium_ and _terrarum_ are frequently used with adverbs of
+place--_ubi_, _quo_, _unde_, _usquam_, _nusquam_, etc., e.g. _ubi
+terrarum sumus_ (Cic.), ‘where on earth are we?’
+
+
+XVI.
+
+1. +Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Maior+ was born in 234 B.C. He
+is first mentioned in 218 B.C. at the battle of the Ticinus (cf. ix. 1.
+note), in which he is said to have saved the life of his father P.
+Scipio. He fought at Cannae, 216, and was chosen with App. Claudius to
+command the remains of the Roman army after that great disaster. In 212
+he was unanimously elected aedile. When the tribunes objected to the
+election, because he was under the legal age, he replied, ‘If all the
+Quirites wish to make me aedile, I am old enough.’ In 210, at the age of
+twenty-four, he was appointed to command the army in Spain, having come
+forward as a candidate for the post which all the old generals feared to
+accept. By 207 he had conquered almost the whole of that country from
+the Carthaginians. In 205 he was elected consul. He was anxious to cross
+over to Africa and end the war by a blow at Carthage itself, but the
+Senate, partly from jealousy, partly from timidity, opposed his plans
+and would only grant him the province of Sicily, with power to cross
+over to Africa if he thought it in the interests of the State; but this
+permission they endeavoured to render useless by refusing him an army.
+Volunteers however flocked from every part of Italy to his standard, and
+in 204 he was able to land in Africa with a large force. In 203 he
+defeated Hasdrubal and his ally Syphax, and in 202 brought the second
+Punic war to an end by a great victory at Zama over Hannibal, who had
+been recalled from Italy. In 201 peace was made, and Scipio, returning
+to Rome, received the agnomen Africanus, and was overwhelmed with every
+mark of honour. In 190 he served as legate under his brother, +Lucius
+Scipio Asiaticus+, in the war against Antiochus (cf. ix. and xvii.) On
+their return the accusations mentioned in xvi. and xvii. were made
+against the brothers. In 185 Scipio retired into private life, and died
+soon afterwards, probably in 183.
+
+1. +tribunus plebis+. The tribuni plebis were appointed in 494, after
+the secession to Mons Sacer, to protect the plebeians against the
+patrician magistrates. At first they were two in number, afterwards they
+were increased to ten.
+
+3. +ut condicionibus+, etc., ‘that peace might be made with him
+(_i.e._ Antiochus) on favourable conditions in the name of the Roman
+people.’
+
+7. +diem esse hodiernum+, ‘that this is the day on which ...’ (lit.
+‘that it is to-day on which ...’).
+
+9. +proelio+. The battle of Zama, Oct. 19th, 202 B.C.
+
+11. +simus+, ‘let us not be ungrateful therefore to the gods....’
+
+12. +censeo+, used parenthetically, ‘I propose.’ Cf. _quaeso_, ii. 4.
+
+13. +gratulatum+, the supine in _-um_, used to express purpose after
+the verb of motion, _eamus_.
+
+17. +aedes+, in sing., a ‘temple’ (a single room), in the plur.,
+a ‘house’ (a collection of rooms). As distinguished from _templum_,
+_aedes_ is a simple building without division into rooms; _templum_ is a
+large edifice consisting of many rooms, consecrated by the augurs, and
+belonging often to several deities.
+
+18. +sollemni+. _Sollemnis_, from _sollus_ (cf. ὅλος, _salvus_), whole;
+prop. taking place every year, ‘established,’ especially of festivals;
+then, with the religious force predominating, ‘religious,’ ‘festive,’
+‘solemn.’
+
+
+XVII.
+
+2. +M. Porcius Cato+, known as the Censor (234-149), first
+distinguished himself in the second Punic war; in 204-3 he served as
+Quaestor to Scipio Africanus in Sicily and Africa. From this time
+forward he became the declared enemy of the Scipios and their friends,
+who were introducing, he said, into Rome the luxury and refinement of
+degenerate Greece and ruining the simple and honest Roman character. He
+served with distinction in Spain, 195-4, and against Antiochus, 191. In
+184 he was censor, and applied himself strenuously, but in vain, to stem
+the tide of Greek luxury. He was one of the ambassadors sent to Africa
+to arbitrate between Masinissa and the Carthaginians, and was so struck
+by the flourishing condition of Carthage, that on his return he insisted
+that, whilst that city existed, Rome would never be safe. Whenever he
+was called upon for his vote in the Senate, whatever the subject before
+the house was, he always concluded his remarks by ‘And I further am of
+opinion that Carthage must be destroyed (_delendam esse Carthaginem_).’
+The third Punic war, which broke out soon after his death, was largely
+due to his influence.
+
+5. +L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus+ served under his brother Africanus
+in Spain, and in 190 defeated Antiochus at Mount Sipylus. Cf. xvi. 1.
+
+3. +comparati in eum+. _Comparare hominem in aliquem_ is the regular
+phrase for procuring a man to attack another. ‘Having been set upon
+him....’
+
+4. +pecuniae ... rationem redderet+, ‘to give an account of the money
+paid by Antiochus, and the spoil....’
+
+9. +allatum+, i.e. _dixit librum allatum esse_, ‘he said that it had
+been brought.’
+
+10. +aerarium+, the public treasury at Rome, in which, besides the
+State treasure, the standards of the legions and copies of all decrees
+of the Senate were kept. After the expulsion of the kings the Temple of
+Saturn, at the head of the Forum, was used for this purpose.
+
+10. +sed enim+, ‘but indeed.’ Cf. xv. 10.
+
+11. +nec me ipse afficiam contumeliâ+, ‘nor will I insult myself with
+my own lips (_ipse_).’
+
+12. +coram+, ‘before their eyes.’
+
+13. +quod cui+. The order is _quod ab eo ratio praedae posceretur, cui
+salus ... deberet_, ‘indignant that an account of the booty was demanded
+from a man, to whom the safety of the State and constitution ought to be
+ascribed.’
+
+_Acceptum aliquid referre alicui_, lit. ‘to put down a thing as received
+to a man’s account,’ ‘to credit him with it’; a metaphor from banking.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+2. +Scipio Africanus+ “was unquestionably one of the greatest men of
+Rome, and he acquired at an early age the confidence and admiration of
+his countrymen. His enthusiastic mind led him to believe that he was a
+special favourite of the gods; and he never engaged in any public or
+private business without first going to the Capitol, where he sat some
+time alone, enjoying communication from the gods. For all he proposed or
+executed he alleged the divine approval; and the Roman people gave
+credit to his assertions, and regarded him as a being almost superior to
+the common race of men. There can be no doubt that Scipio believed
+himself in the divine revelations, which he asserted to have been
+vouchsafed to him, and the extraordinary success which attended all his
+enterprises must have deepened this belief.”--Smith’s _Classical
+Dictionary_.
+
+3. +noctis extremo+, ‘at the end of night.’ The neuter _extremum_ is
+used as a substantive, meaning ‘the end.’ Cf. _extremo anni_, Livy,
+xxxv. 11. 1; _sub extremum noctis_, Sil. 4. 88.
+
+4. +ventitare+. _Ventito_ is the frequentative form of _venio_.
+Frequentative or iterative verbs denote repeated action: they are of the
+first conjugation, and formed by adding _-to_, _-so_, _-ito_, or _-itor_
+to the supine stem, or, more rarely, to the clipt stem, as _can-to_,
+‘I sing often’; _cur-so_, ‘I run often’; _rog-ito_, ‘I ask often’;
+_min-itor_, ‘I threaten often’; _haes-ito_, ‘I stick fast.’ Sometimes
+one frequentative verb is formed from another, as _cant-ito_ from
+_canto_.
+
++ac iubere ... Iovis+, ‘and to order the temple of Jupiter to be
+opened.’
+
+5. +quasi consultans+. Cf. xv. 6. note.
+
+7. +id temporis+. For this ‘genitive of the thing measured,’ depending
+on a neuter pronoun, expressing quantity, hence often called the
+‘partitive genitive,’ cf. _aliquid veri, falsi_; _id aetatis_; _nihil
+reliqui facere_, ‘to leave nothing undone’ (Caes.); _quantum mercedis_
+(xxxii. 17.); _si quid remedii_ (xxxiv. 8.), and such phrases as _navium
+quod ubique fuerat in unum locum coegerant_ (Caes.). _Id_ in this phrase
+is in the accusative. Similar adverbial accusatives are--_hoc noctis_,
+_magnam partem_, _suam vicem_, _multum_, etc. The use of the acc. has
+arisen from an extended use of the cognate acc. after intransitive verbs
+(e.g. _servire servitatem_, _dormire noctem_, _dolere aliquid_, etc.).
+
++quod in eum solum ... incurrerent+, the order is _aeditumi ...
+admirati, quod canes, semper in alios saevientes, neque latrarent neque
+incurrerent in eum solum id temporis in Capitolium ingredientem_,
+‘because he was the only man who entered the temple at that time, at
+whom the dogs, that always attacked others, did not bark and fly.’
+
+14. +re cibaria copiosum+, ‘well supplied with provisions.’
+
+15. +eius potiundi+. Gerundival attraction, cf. xiii. 1. note.
+
+16. +ius dicebat+, ‘he was administering justice,’ the technical term.
+
+18. +in iure stare+, or _esse_, ‘to stand,’ ‘present oneself before a
+magistrate’; _in ius ire_, ‘to go before a magistrate.’
+
+19. +vadimonium promittere+, to promise or give security (bail) for a
+man’s appearance, ‘for what day and what place’ (_i.e._ for his
+appearance on what day and place) ‘he would order security to be given.’
+
++iuberet+, subj. after the dependent interrog. _quem_. Cf. x. 6. note.
+
+21. +sese+, object. of _sistere_, ‘ordered him to present himself on
+the third day in yonder place.’
+
+22. +atque ita factum+, ‘and so it happened.’
+
++vadari+. _Vador aliquem_ = ‘I bind a man over by bail’: the object. of
+_vadari_ here is _militem_; “on the third day, on which he had ordered
+(them) to bind (the man) over to appear.”
+
+
+XIX.
+
+1. +capite+. _Caput_ denotes the legal status of a citizen: he lost it
+“as much if he were struck off the roll of citizens as if his head were
+struck off his shoulders” (Wilkins, _R. Lit. Primer_). “I and two others
+were trying a friend on a capital charge.”
+
+4. +ad casum ... medendum+, ‘to remedy so perilous a mischance.’
+
+6. +ad condemnandum+, sc. _hominem_, ‘I gave my vote in silence for
+condemning the man.’
+
+
+XX.
+
+1. +Favorinus+ was a native of Arles, in Gaul; he was a famous
+philosopher, and resided at different periods of his life in Rome,
+Greece, and Asia Minor (about 110-130 A.D.).
+
+3. +Curius+. M’ Curius Dentatus, consul in 290, 275, and 274 B.C.,
+distinguished himself in the Samnite wars. He was a favourite hero of
+the Romans, and celebrated as a type of the old-fashioned virtue and
+frugality. The Samnites, it is said, once sent an embassy to him with
+costly gifts. The messengers found the great general sitting by his
+hearth, and roasting turnips. They proffered their gifts, but he
+rejected them, saying that he would rather rule over those who possessed
+gold than possess it himself.
+
+4. +Fabricius+. Cf. viii. 1. note.
+
++Coruncanius+, consul 260 B.C., fought with success against the
+Etruscans and against Pyrrus (cf. xxvii. 1. note); he was also a
+distinguished lawyer, and the first plebeian who became Pontifex
+Maximus.
+
+5. +his+, abl. after the comparative _antiquiores_.
+
++antiquus+, ‘former,’ ‘ancient,’ is used of what has existed in past
+time as opposed to _novus_, what has not previously existed, new.
+_Vetus_ denotes what has existed for a long time, old, aged, opposed to
+_rĕcens_, what has not existed for long, recent.
+
++Horatii+. The three brothers of the Horatian gens, who, according to
+the legend, in the reign of Tullus Hostilius, fought against the
+Curiatii, three brothers from Alba, to determine whether Rome or Alba
+was to exercise the supremacy.
+
+6. +Auruncorum+, etc., genitives depending of _verbis_, ‘used the
+language of the Aurunci,’ etc. The Aurunci, Sicani, and Pelasgi were old
+Italian races.
+
+9. +quasi loquare+. Cf. xv. 6. note, ‘_quasi desiperet_.’
+
++Euandri+. The legend says that Euander, son of Hermes and an Arcadian
+nymph, about 60 years before the Trojan war, led a Pelasgian colony from
+Arcadia in Greece to Italy, and built the town of Pallantium at the foot
+of the Palatine hill. Vergil represents Euander as still alive when
+Aeneas came to Italy. (_Aeneid_, viii. 51.)
+
+10. +abhinc multis annis+, ‘many years ago.’ To express ‘how long
+ago,’ _abhinc_ and _ante_ are used with either abl. or acc. case. Cf.
+_abhinc triennium huc commigravit_, ‘she came hither three years ago’
+(Ter. _An._ i. 70).
+
+11. +quae dicas+, ‘anything that you say.’ The subj. (a consecutive
+subjunctive) after the relative marks the statement as indefinite; _quae
+dicis_ would mean the particular words which you are actually using.
+
+14. +sit+, subjunctive, because a dependent sentence in the _oratio
+obliqua_ after _ais_.
+
+16. +C. Julius Caesar+, the Dictator, 100-44 B.C. This quotation is
+from his lost work _De Analogia_, written, it is said, when he was
+crossing the Alps.
+
+18. +ut tamquam+, ‘that you should avoid a rare word, as (you would
+avoid) a rock.’
+
+
+XXI.
+
+1. +T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus+ was another of the favourite
+heroes of Roman history. His exploit here mentioned happened in 361. In
+353 and again in 349 he was Dictator; in 347, 344, and 340, Consul. In
+this last year Torquatus and P. Decius Mus gained a great victory over
+the Latins near Mt. Vesuvius, and established the Roman supremacy in
+Latium. It was shortly before this battle that the disobedient act of
+his son occurred, mentioned at the end of xxii.
+
+3. +torquis+, a ‘twisted neck chain,’ as opposed to _monile_ (cf.
+ix. 6), which was made of beads, stones, etc., strung together.
+
++ex hoste detractam induit+, ‘he had taken from an enemy, and put on
+himself.’ A participle and verb are frequently used in Latin where in
+English two verbs are employed, e.g. _scripsit se profectum celeriter
+adfore_, ‘he wrote (to say) that he had set out and would soon arrive.’
+
+4. +fuerit+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _quis_. Cf. x. 6.
+note.
+
+6. +cum ... processit+, etc. The indicative is used in past time after
+_cum_, when the conjunction is purely temporal, and equivalent to _et
+tum_. Cf. vi. 8 note.
+
+7. +nudus+, ‘unarmed.’ _Nudus_ is used in many senses besides its
+usual one of ‘unclothed,’ ‘naked’: _e.g._ ‘without a _toga_,’ _i.e._ ‘in
+a tunic only,’ _nudus ara, sere nudus_ (Verg. _G._ i. 299); ‘uncovered
+by turf,’ _silex nuda_ (Verg. _E._ i. 15); ‘leafless,’ _nudum nemus_;
+‘without a garrison,’ _urbs nuda praesidio_ (Cic. _Att._ vii. 13-1);
+‘destitute,’ _nuda senectus_ (Juv.); ‘unadorned,’ _nuda oratio_ (Cic.),
+etc.
+
+12. +si quis ... vellet, uti prodiret+, ‘that if any one was willing
+to fight him, he should step forward.’ The tenses are historic, because
+_conclamant_ is the historical present, and therefore equivalent to a
+past tense. Primary tenses are sometimes used after a historic present,
+but historic tenses are more common.
+
+17. +scuto pedestri+. The _scutum_ was an oblong or oval shield (4 ft.
+by 2½ ft., Polybius), made of wood or wickerwork. It was borrowed from
+the Sabines and made the shield of the whole Roman army, superseding the
+large circular _clipeus_, when the Roman soldiers first began to receive
+pay, and to form a permanent army instead of an irregular militia (Livy,
+viii. 8. etc.).
+
++cinctus+ in this connection is properly ‘surrounded’ with a girdle to
+support a shield or sword, hence ‘armed with.’
+
+
+XXII.
+
+1. +metu magno+, ‘amid great anxiety.’ An ablative of manner, closely
+akin to the “ablative absolute.”
+
+2. +sua disciplina+, ‘according to his custom,’ _i.e._ way of
+fighting. Cf. _eadem nos disciplina utimur_, ‘our habits are the same’
+(Plaut. _As._ i. 3. 49), and _disciplina militiae, bellica militaris_,
+etc., ‘the art of war.’
+
+3. +cunctabundus+. Cf. _moribundus_, vi. 11. note. The Gaul stood on
+the alert ready to parry a blow, and waiting his opportunity. Manlius
+disconcerted him by suddenly dashing him backwards.
+
+7. +eo pacto ei ... +, etc., ‘in that way he got to close quarters
+with him (_ei successit_) under his Gallic sword, and wounded his chest
+with his Spanish sword (sc. _gladio_).’ The “Spanish sword” was a short
+weapon, fitted for thrusting and stabbing at close quarters; the “Gallic
+sword” a much longer and heavier weapon.
+
+9. +pectus hausit+. _Haurire_ of a weapon in the sense of ‘wounding,’
+‘tearing open,’ is found in Lucretius, Vergil, and often in Ovid:
+probably the sword, etc., is regarded as devouring the flesh or drinking
+the blood (Conington). Cf. Verg. _Aen._ x. 313--
+
+              _Huic gladio perque aerea suta,
+  Per tunicam squalentem auro, latus haurit apertum._
+
+‘With his sword, through brazen coat of mail and tunic stiff with gold,
+he wounded his unguarded side.’
+
+17. +speculatum+. The supine is _-um_, expressing purpose after a verb
+of motion.
+
++pugna interdicta+, ‘though he had been forbidden to fight.’ Abl.
+absolute.
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+1. +Agrum Pomptinum+. The Ager Pomptinus was a low plain on the coast
+of Latium, between Circeii and Terracina; it was originally a fertile
+cornland, but after the third century B.C., it became more and more
+marshy, till at last the Pomptine marshes were the most malarious
+district in Italy. They were partially drained from time to time, but no
+permanent relief was afforded till the time of Pius VI. (1778). The
+district is still the most unhealthy in Italy.
+
+3. +vasta proceritate+, abl. of description.
+
++armis auro fulgentibus+, abl. abs., ‘a man of enormous stature, with
+armour gleaming with gold.’
+
+5. +per contemptum et superbiam+, ‘scornfully and haughtily.’ Cf. _per
+vim_, ‘forcibly,’ etc.
+
+6. +venire iubet+, etc., ‘bids anyone out of the whole Roman army who
+dares to fight, to come forward and meet him,’ lit. ‘bids (him) come, if
+anyone dares.’ _Auderet_ is in historical time, because _iubet_ is the
+historic present, standing for a past tense. Cf. xxi. 12. note.
+
+8. +tribunus militaris+. The _tribuni militum_, or _militares_, were
+the chief officers of the legion; there were originally three,
+afterwards six, to each legion.
+
++ceteris ... ambiguis+. Abl. absol., ‘since the rest hesitated.’
+
+11. +progreditur ... obviam+, ‘advances to meet him.’
+
+13. +vis quaedam divina fit+, ‘a miracle happens’: lit., a divine
+power is manifested.
+
+16. +laniabat ... revolabat+, the imperfects denote repeated action.
+
+21. +statuam statuendam curavit+, ‘had a statue set up’: for this use
+of _curo_ cf. xiii. 1. 4. note.
+
++Augustus+. Cf. xxix. 2. note.
+
++in foro suo+, the ‘Forum Augusti.’ There were three great _fora_ at
+Rome, the F. Augusti, the F. Magnum, Vetus, or Romanum, and the F.
+Julii.
+
+23. +monimentum+, in apposition to _simulacrum_.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+1. +Aesopus+ lived about 570 B.C. Little is known about his life. He
+was a slave, but was freed by one of his masters, Iadmon of Samos. He is
+said to have visited Croesus, king of Lydia, and Pisistratus of Athens,
+and to have been sent by the former to Delphi to distribute a gift of
+money among the citizens. A dispute however arose, and he refused to
+give any of the money, so the angry men of Delphi threw him over a
+precipice. Later stories, without good authority, represent him as
+deformed.
+
++e Phrygia+. Cotioeum in Phrygia, Mesembria in Thrace, Samos, and Sardis
+each claimed to be the birthplace of Aesop.
+
+2. +utilia monitu suasuque+. The abl. of the supine in _-u_ is
+regularly used as an abl. of respect. Cf. _nefas visu_, _turpe dictu_,
+_facile factu_ (xxvii. 7.), etc.
+
+5. +cum audiendi quadam inlecebra+, lit. ‘with some charm of hearing.’
+
+7. +spem+, etc., ‘that in matters (_rerum_) which a man can manage
+himself, hope and trust ought never to be placed in another, but in
+himself,’ _i.e._ that a man ought not to rely upon another for what he
+can do himself.
+
+10. +Q. Ennius+. Cf. xxxviii. 9.
+
++satiris+. _Satira_ or _satura_ (_satur_ = full), properly a mixture of
+all sorts of things, originally denoted a work which dealt with many
+subjects; then the title was applied to poems which treated
+‘didactically’ the follies and vices of mankind.
+
++versibus quadratis+, _versus quadrati_ (square) are those containing
+eight or seven feet. These lines of Ennius are called _Septenarii_ or
+_Tetrameter Catalectic_ verses. The principal feet in them are the
+_trochee_ ¯ ¯ ˘, and _spondee_ ¯ ¯.
+
+  Hōc ĕr|īt tĭb(i) | ārgŭ|mēntūm | sēmpĕr | īn prōmp|tū sĭ|tum,
+  Nē quĭd | ēxpēc|tēs ă|mīcōs, | quod tŭt(e) | ăgĕrĕ | possĭ|es.
+
+12. +semper in promptu situm+, ‘ever ready at hand.’
+
+13. +ne quid+, etc., ‘not to wait for your friends at all (_quid_) in
+a matter which (_quod_) you yourself can do.’
+
++possies+, old form of _possis_, pres. subj. of _possum_.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+2. +id temporis+. Cf. xviii. 7. note, ‘at such a time, as a rule, that
+the harvest is at hand when its young ones are just becoming fledged.’
+
+3. +ea cassita+, that particular lark about which the story is told.
+
++congesserat+, used absolutely (_i.e._ without an object) in the sense
+of making a nest, as we used the word ‘to build.’ Cf. Verg._ Ecl._
+iii. 69, _locum aeriae quo congessere columbae_.
+
+5. +dum iret+. _Dum_, like other temporal conjunctions, takes the
+indic. (in Oratio R.) when _strictly_ temporal, but the subj. is
+required when the notion of time is complicated with that of purpose,
+consequence, etc. In other words, _dum_, ‘whilst,’ always takes the
+indic., _dum_, ‘until,’ the indic. usually, the subj. sometimes, viz.,
+when the idea of expecting or waiting for something comes in. Here
+purpose is expressed: ‘to enable her to meanwhile go ...,’ ‘till she
+should go.’ Cf. _priusquam emeret_, xxxiii. 4. note.
+
+6. +quaesitum+, ‘to seek for food ...’; the supine in _-um_ expressing
+purpose after a verb of motion. Cf. xvi. 13, xxii. 17.
+
+7. +si quid+, etc., ‘if anything unusual happened.’ For the genitive
+_quid rei_, cf. _id temporis_, xviii. 7. note.
+
+11. +fac eas et roges+, a less peremptory way of expressing a command
+than the simple imperative. Cf. _scribas velim_, _cura ut scribas_,
+_scribe sis_ (for _si vis_), instead of _scribe_.
+
+12. +veniant+, etc., subj. after _roges_, ‘ask them to come ...’
+
+15. +orare+, the historical infinite, used instead of a finite verb.
+In this construction, which is frequent in an animated description of a
+scene, the pres. inf. only is used (besides the two perfects _odisse_
+and _meminisse_, which have a present meaning). Dr. Kennedy (Pub. Sch.
+Lat. Gr., 332) treats it as analogous to the omission of parts of the
+verb _sum_ (e.g. _occisus_ for _occisus est_), as it leaves out the
+expression of time, number, and person. ‘It is used to express the
+occurrence of actions without marking the order of time.’ (Roby.)
+
+17. +misit qui amicos roget+. _Roget_ is in subj., because the
+relative expresses purpose: ‘has sent me to ask ....’ _Misit_ is the
+perfect proper, ‘has sent,’ a primary tense, hence _roget_ is in the
+pres. subj.
+
+18. +otioso animo esse+, abl. of quality, lit. ‘bids them be of an
+easy mind,’ _i.e._ ‘bids them be easy in mind.’
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+4. +isti+, ironical, ‘those friends of yours are laggards.’
+
++quin ... imus+, ‘why do we not rather go ...?’ The conjunction _quin_
+(= _quî_, an old ablative, and _-ne_) is thus used in exhortations and
+remonstrances (_a_) usually with the pres. indic., e.g. _quin
+conscendimus equos?_ (Livy), ‘why do we not mount?’ _i.e._ ‘nay, mount
+at once’: (_b_) sometimes with the imperative, _quin aspice me_, ‘nay,
+look at me’; _quin dic uno verbo_, ‘just answer in a single word.’
+
+5. +cognatos+. _Cognatus_ is a kinsman by blood, either on the
+father’s or the mother’s side; _agnatus_, a blood relation on the
+father’s side; _gentilis_, a member of the same _gens_, and bearing the
+same gentile name, _e.g._ Cornelii, Fabii; all these three classes were
+_consanguinei_, related by blood; _adfinis_, a relation by marriage, or
+sometimes merely a neighbour.
+
+8. +cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme ...+, lit. ‘as a rule no kinsmen
+and neighbours were so good-natured,’ she said, ‘as to make no delay in
+undertaking work, and to obey orders at once.’
+
+14. +valeant+, ‘good-bye to ...,’ _i.e._ let us have no more to do
+with....
+
+18. +id ubi ...+, the order is, _ubi mater audivit ex pullis dominum
+dixisse id...._
+
+19. +tempus cedendi et abeundi+, ‘it is time to go and be off.’
+
+20. +in ipso enim+. The order is, _vertitur enim iam in ipso, cuia res
+est, non in alio, unde petitur_, lit. ‘for (the work) now depends upon
+the man himself, whose the property is, not upon another, from whom (the
+work) is asked,’ _i.e._ who is asked to do the work.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+1. +Pyrrus+ (318-272 B.C.), king of Epirus, was one of the most famous
+generals of his age. In 280 he was invited to Italy by the Tarentines to
+aid them in their struggle with Rome. He defeated the Romans in two
+great battles, near Heraclea on the Siris in 280, and near Asculum in
+279, but his own troops suffered so severely that he concluded an
+armistice, and in 278 crossed to Sicily to help the Greek colonies in
+that island against the Carthaginians. The incident mentioned in this
+selection afforded the pretext for the truce. In 276 Pyrrus returned to
+Italy, but he was decisively defeated by Curius Dentatus near Beneventum
+and compelled to leave Italy. He went back to Epirus, and engaged in
+many new warlike enterprises. In 272, when retreating from Argos, he was
+stunned by a tile thrown by a woman, and slain by the pursuing soldiers.
+Hannibal is reported to have said, that of all the great generals the
+world had seen, Alexander was the greatest, Pyrrus the second, himself
+the third; or, according to another version, Pyrrus the first, Scipio
+the second, and himself the third.
+
++in terra Italia+, ‘in the land of Italy’; cf. xxxi. 7, _in terra
+Graecia_, so _urbs Roma_, etc., the two substantives being in
+apposition.
+
+4. +Fabricius+. Cf. viii. 1. note.
+
+7. +facile factu+, ‘easy to do.’ Cf. xxiv. 2., _utilia monitu et
+suasu_, note.
+
+12. +salutem tutaretur+, ‘should protect himself from...,’ ‘be on his
+guard against;’ lit. ‘protect his safety.’
+
+13. +laudes ... scripsisse+, ‘it is said that Pyrrus wrote to the
+Roman people, praising and thanking them ...,’ lit. ‘wrote praises and
+thanks.’
+
++populo Romano+. Cf. _ad senatum scripsit_, line 9. The rule is that,
+if the verb expresses or implies motion, _ad_ with the acc. is used to
+express the remoter object; if no motion is implied, the dative is used;
+so, _misit hoc ad me_, but _dedit hoc mihi_. Hence many verbs admit both
+constructions, as they fall on the line between expressing motion and
+not expressing it. _Scribo_ is one of these, for the letter has to be
+sent, so motion is implied, but the verb itself expresses no motion.
+This rule, however, is not always observed even in prose, and far less
+so in poetry.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+1. +In circo maximo+. The early Roman legends say that when Tarquinius
+Priscus had taken the town of Apiolae from the Latins, he commemorated
+his success by holding races and games in the Murcian Valley, between
+the Palatine and Aventine hills. Round the valley temporary platforms
+and stands were erected, and the course with its surroundings was called
+‘_Circus_,’ either because the spectators stood in a circle or because
+the races went round in a circle. Soon a permanent building was erected
+in this valley. This was enlarged and beautified from time to time, and
+known as the Circus Maximus, to distinguish it from the many similar
+buildings which were erected in various parts of Rome. In the time of
+Julius Caesar the Circus Maximus was about 600 yards in length, and 200
+in width, and held 150,000 people: a century later it could hold twice
+as many. The building was used chiefly for chariot-racing; but sometimes
+the area was flooded, and naval battles were represented, and often
+beasts were let loose in it to fight with one another, or with men,
+either condemned criminals and captives, or _bestiari_, specially
+trained for the purpose. This latter exhibition was called _venatio_,
+or _pugna venationis_. Animals were brought in almost incredible numbers
+from all parts of the Roman world to be thus slaughtered. Julius Caesar
+once turned 500 lions into the arena together, and Augustus, in the
+Monimentum Ancyranum, boasts that he had thus killed 3,500 elephants
+during his reign.
+
+2. +multae ibi ferae+, sc. _erant_.
+
+7. +quasi admirans+. Cf. _quasi desiperet_, xv. 6. note.
+
+15. +videres+, ‘you might have seen.’ Cf. Livy, _maesti, crederes
+victos, redeunt in castra_, ‘you would have thought they had been
+defeated.’ This use is confined to the second person singular (‘you’
+indefinite = one); the subjunctive is explained by treating the
+expression as part of a conditional sentence, the condition understood
+being the reality of the subject. ‘If you had been there, you might have
+seen....’
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+2. +Caesar+, probably Claudius, emperor 41-54 A.D.; he was the fourth
+emperor--Augustus being the first, Tiberius the second, and Caligula the
+third. Caesar was originally the name of a patrician family of the
+Julian _gens_. The name was taken by Augustus (Octavianus), as the
+adopted son of the Dictator, C. Julius Caesar: by Tiberius, as the
+adopted son of Augustus Caesar: and it continued to be used by Caligula,
+Claudius, and Nero, as members, by adoption, or female descent, of
+Caesar’s family. This family became extinct with Nero, but succeeding
+emperors employed the name as part of their official title.
+
+3. +uni+ with +illi+, ‘had spared him alone.’
+
++pepercisset+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _cur_.
+
+5. +proconsulari imperio+. The _Proconsulare Imperium_ is the power
+held by a man who acts _pro consule_, ‘in the place of a consul.’ As the
+number of Roman provinces increased, it became the custom under the
+Republic for men, who had held the office of consul, to accept the
+government of provinces for a year, and rule these with the “_Imperium
+Proconsulare_,” which was conferred by a special decree of the Senate
+and of the people. Under the Empire the provinces were divided into two
+groups: (1) the Senatorial Provinces (the more peaceful ones in which no
+large armies were maintained), which were governed with _Imperium
+Proconsulare_ by men who had been consuls or praetors: (2) the Imperial
+Provinces, which were governed with _Praetorian_ power by _Legati
+Caesaris_, who acted as the Emperor’s deputies.
+
++Africam+, the Roman name for the district round Carthage.
+
+10. +consilium fuit+, ‘my plan was,’ ‘I purposed.’
+
+14. +debili ... pede+. Abl. absol., ‘with one foot lame and
+bloodstained.’
+
+22. +volnere intimo expressi+, ‘I pressed out from the bottom of the
+wound.’ Words compounded with _ab_, _cum_, _de_, and _ex_ usually govern
+an abl., either with or (less frequently in prose) without the
+preposition repeated.
+
+23. +cruorem+: _cruor_ is ‘gore,’ _i.e._ blood which has flowed from a
+wound; _sanguis_, either ‘gore,’ or blood circulating in the body.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+1. +triennium totum+, acc. of duration of time; ‘for three whole
+years.’
+
+2. +eodemque et victu+, abl. of matter; ‘on the same food also.’
+
++nam quas+, etc. The order is--‘_ferebat ad specum mihi_ (to the cave
+for me), _membra opimiora ferarum quas venabatur_,’ the antecedent
+_ferarum_ being attracted into the relative sentence, and so becoming
+_feras_.
+
+7. +viam ... permensus+, ‘having travelled a journey of almost three
+days.’
+
+9. +rei capitalis+, the genitive of the charge used after verbs of
+condemning and acquitting. _Res capitalis_ is a crime punishable by
+death or loss of civil rights, _caput_ denoting both life and civil
+status. Cf. xix. 1. note.
+
+10. +damnandum curavit+. Cf. xiii. 1. 4. note.
+
+11. +quoque+, the lion, as well as I, having been captured.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+1. +in terra Graecia+. Cf. _in terra Italia_, xxvii. 1. note.
+
++fama celebri+, abl. of quality, ‘of great reputation.’
+
+5. +Athenis+, ‘at Athens,’ the locative case. Cf. xi. 1. note.
+
++Electram+, etc. The order is--_acturus Electram Sophoclis, debebat
+gestare urnam quasi cum Oresti ossibus_, ‘being about to play the part
+of Sophocles’ Electra (_i.e._ the part of Electra in the play of
+Sophocles called ‘the Electra’) he had to carry an urn, supposed to
+contain (_quasi cum_) the bones of Orestes.’ Women’s characters were
+played by men both on the Greek and on the Roman stage.
+
+When Agamemnon, king of Argos and Mycenae, returned from the Trojan war,
+he was murdered by his wife Clytaemnestra. Electra, their daughter,
+contrived to save her young brother Orestes, and send him to the court
+of Strophius, king of Phocis. After some years Orestes returned in
+company with Pylades, the son of Strophius. At first he pretended to be
+a messenger from Strophius, who had come to announce the death of
+Orestes in a chariot race, in token of which he brought an urn
+containing, he said, the ashes of the dead man. Finally, he made himself
+known to Electra, and then slew Clytaemnestra and her lover Aegisthus.
+
++Sophocles+, 495-406, the great Athenian tragic poet, was thirty years
+younger than Aeschylus and fifteen years older than Euripides. He is
+said to have written 130 plays, but of these seven only have reached us,
+of which the ‘Electra,’ here mentioned, is one.
+
+6. +Oresti+. The gen. sing. of Greek proper names in _-es_ of the
+third declension usually ends in _-i_, sometimes in _-is_. Hence we have
+nom. and voc., Orestes; acc., Oresten and Orestem; gen., Oresti and
+Orestis; dat., Oresti; abl., Orestĕ, rarely Orestē. The plural, when
+used, follows the first declension.
+
+11. +quasi Oresti amplexus+. _Oresti_ is the gen. depending on _ossa_
+understood.
+
+12. +itaque+, etc., lit. ‘and so when a play seemed to be represented,
+(true) grief was represented.’
+
+When the great English actor Macready played the part of Virginius, soon
+after the death of his own daughter, he declared that his recent
+experience of real grief gave a new force to his acting. Diderot, on the
+other hand, in his famous _Paradoxe sur le Comédien_, maintains that the
+emotions of the actor must be artificial, not real, to produce an
+artistic effect.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+2. +qui pro se ... advocaverunt+, ‘they engaged men to plead their
+case’; lit. ‘who should speak for them,’ _qui_ being used in a final
+sense, and hence the subj. For this sense of _advocaverunt_ cf. the
+English word ‘advocate.’
+
+4. +Demosthenes+, the greatest of Athenian orators, was born in 385
+and died in 322 B.C. As a statesman his whole policy was directed to
+resisting the aggressions of the Macedonian kings Philip and Alexander
+(cf. vi.). He made many bitter enemies, of whom +Demades+ (line 22) was
+one of the most important. Demades was a warm supporter of the
+Macedonian party, and, as he is known to have been an unprincipled man,
+this story probably applies to him, and not to Demosthenes.
+
+11. +lana multa ... circumvolutus+, lit. ‘wrapped round as to his neck
+with much wool.’ _Collum_ is the acc. of respect.
+
+12. +eo+, for that reason, therefore.
+
+14. +non synanchen ... sed argyranchen+, ‘that his throat was inflamed
+not by cold, but by gold.’ _Argyranche_ (αργυραγχη) is a sarcastic word
+coined to imitate _synanche_ (συναγχη), ‘an inflamed throat.’
+
+15. +quin ... quoque+, ‘nay he even prided himself upon it,’ lit.
+ascribed it as a glory (dat of purpose or complement, cf. viii. 4. note)
+to himself. _Quinetiam_ is more common than the simple _quin_ in this
+sense.
+
+17. +quantum mercedis+. For this ‘genitive of the thing measured,’
+usually called the ‘partitive genitive,’ depending of a neuter pronoun,
+cf. _id temporis_, xviii. 7. note, ‘how much pay he had received for
+acting.’ _Accepisset_ is subj. after the dependent interrogative
+_quantum_.
+
+18. +uti ageret+, lit. in order to act, a final sentence. So ‘_ut
+tacerem_’.
+
+19. +talentum+, the Attic talent, £243 15s.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+1. +Marcus Tullius Cicero+, the famous Roman orator, was born near
+Arpinum on Jan 3rd, 106 B.C. He was consul in 63 B.C., and was murdered
+Dec 7th, 43 B.C., by the emissaries of M. Antonius.
+
++in Palatio+, the Palatium or Mons Palatinus was the hill on the S.W.
+of the Roman Forum. On it the original city is said to have been built.
+
+2. +in praesens+ sc. _tempus_, ‘for the present’. _Praesens_, the
+pres. participle of _praesum_, and _absens_, the pres. participle of
+_absum_, are the only forms in which the pres. participle of _sum_ is
+found.
+
++P. Sulla+, the nephew of the great Dictator, L. Sulla, was accused of
+complicity in the Catilinarian conspiracy. He was defended by Cicero and
+Hortensius--the famous rival of Cicero, and, though certainly guilty,
+was acquitted, 62 B.C.
+
++mutua ... tacita accepit+, ‘accepted as a secret loan....’
+
++sestertium viciens+, 2,000,000 _sestertii_, _i.e._ about £19,000. The
+unit for reckoning large sums was the _sestertius_ or _nummus_ (¼ of a
+_denarius_, the ordinary silver coin in use, or 2½ asses), in value
+about 2¼d. Up to 2,000 the cardinal numbers were prefixed, e.g. _centum
+sestertii_, _mille sestertii_, etc. The gen. plur. of _sestertius_ is
+_sestertium_, so 2,000 _sestertii_ is _duo millia sestertium_. This form
+_sestertium_ in time became treated as if it were a neuter singular.
+Hence for _duo millia sestertium_, _duo_ or _bina sestertia_ was
+written, as the ‘distributive’ form of the numeral was often used. Hence
+for sums from 2,000 up to 1,000,000 _sestertii_ we have _duo_ or _bina
+sestertia_, _sexaginta_ or _sexagena sestertia_, etc. For sums above
+1,000,000 _sestertii_ the numeral adverb was generally employed: thus,
+2,000,000 _sestertii_ was written _viciens centena_ (or _centum_)
+_millia sestertium_, which was generally contracted into _viciens
+sestertium_, or _viciens_ alone.
+
+4. +priusquam emeret+. _Priusquam_ and _antequam_, like other temporal
+conjunctions, usually govern the indicative; but when they introduce an
+event which is expected, and its occurrence prevented, _i.e._ when they
+convey any idea of purpose, they usually require the subjunctive. Cf.
+note on _dum iret_, xxv. 5. Translate, “before he _could_ buy.”
+
++quod ... accepisset+, ‘that he had accepted.’ Fees to lawyers were
+illegal at Rome; but the law was evaded in many ways.
+
+10. +inter ridendum+, ‘amidst his laughing.’ Cf. note on the gerund,
+xiii. 1.
+
++ἀκοινονοητοι+ (_akoinŏnŏētoi_), ἀ-κοινος-νοητος (νόησις), not having
+common sense. The word is not found in extant Greek works.
+
+11. +cum ignoratis+, ‘because you do not know that.’ This use of _cum_
+with the indic., giving a reason, is common in early writers (_e.g._
+Plautus), but only used by Cicero after such words as _laudo_ and
+_gratulor_. Later writers do not employ it.
+
+12. +patris familias+, ‘it is the custom of a prudent and careful
+master of the household to say that he is not going to buy what he
+wishes to purchase....’ For the genitive, cf. _cuiusvis hominis est
+errare_, ‘it is any man’s nature to err,’ etc. The genitive may be
+explained by saying that it depends upon some such word as _indoles_,
+‘nature,’ _officium_, ‘duty,’ etc., understood.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+3. +Mons Cispius+ was one of the peaks of Mons Esquilinus, on the E.
+of the Forum.
+
++subeuntes montem+. Many intransitive verbs, especially verbs of motion,
+gain a semi-transitive or transitive force by being compounded with
+prepositions, chiefly prepositions which govern an acc., e.g. _adire_,
+_circumvenire_, _adstare_, _adloqui_, _oppugnare_, etc. But many of
+these compounds govern a dative, instead of, or as well as, an
+accusative, e.g. _adlabi_, _succedere_. Some verbs compounded with
+prepositions which govern an ablative take an accusative, e.g.
+_convenire_, _expugnare_, etc.
+
+4. +insulam+. _Insula_ was a house for poor people, let out in rooms
+or flats to several families; as opposed to _domus_, the large mansion
+of a single wealthy family.
+
++multis ... editam+, built to a great height with many floors.
+
+7. +magni+, nominative, ‘the profits of city property are great.’
+
+8. +si quid remedii+. For the gen. cf. _id temporis_, xviii. 7. note,
+‘if any remedy could have been found to prevent houses burning so
+constantly at Rome, I would have sold....’
+
+10. +venum dedissem+. _Venum_ (neuter) is only found in the classical
+period in the acc. sing., but Tacitus uses _veno_, and still later
+writers _venui_. _Venum do_--often written as one word, _venumdo_,
+contracted into _vendo_--is ‘I give for sale’; _venum eo_--often written
+_veneo_--is ‘I am for sale.’ For the acc. cf. _pessum dare_, ‘I give to
+destruction,’ and _pessum ire_, ‘I go to destruction.’
+
+12. +annalem undevicensimum+, ‘the nineteenth book of the history
+(annals) of Q. Claudius....’
+
+13. +Mitridati+, genitive; cf. _Oresti_, xxxi. 6. note.
+
+14. +defenderes+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _quo_.
+
+15. +L. Cornelius Sulla+, surnamed Felix, was born in 138 and died 78
+B.C. He first distinguished himself in Africa, when serving under Marius
+in the campaign against Jugurtha (107-106). In 88 he was appointed to
+the command of the war against Mitridates, but Marius, eager to obtain
+this for himself, got a new law passed transferring the command to
+himself. Sulla thereupon marched upon Rome with his troops, and Marius
+fled, only to return and deluge the streets of Rome with blood, when his
+rival had sailed for the East. The siege of Athens here referred to took
+place in 86: in 83 Sulla returned to Rome, and quickly overthrew the
+remains of the Marian party, Marius having died in 86. In 81 Sulla was
+appointed Dictator. He devoted two years to reforming the State, and
+restoring the power of the senate and aristocracy, and then retired into
+private life in 79. In the following year he died.
+
++Piraeum+. Piraeus, Munychia, and Phalerum were the three harbours of
+Athens.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+1. +Arion+. This story about Arion comes from the Greek historian
+Herodotus. +Periander+ was “tyrant” of Corinth from 625 to 585 B.C. Like
+most of the Greek “tyrants” he was a patron of art and literature.
+
++nobilis+ is common in the sense of ‘famous,’ as well as in its
+technical use of one whose ancestors had held curule office.
+
++Methymnaeus+. Methymna was a town at the northern extremity of Lesbos.
+
+5. +viseret+, the imperf. subj., because _proficiscitur_ is the
+‘historical present’ standing for a past tense. Cf. xxi. 12. note.
+
+8. +ut notiores+, ‘as better known....’
+
+10. +in altum+, ‘the deep sea.’
+
+11. +de necando Arione+, gerundial attraction. Cf. xiii. 7. note.
+
+21. +carmen ... orthium+, Greek νόμος ὄρθιος, lit. the loud, high song,
+was the name for a shrill, stirring air.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+2. +cursum ... tenuerunt+, ‘held on their course.’
+
+4. +fluitanti sese homini subdidit+, ‘placed itself under the floating
+man.’
+
+5. +incolumique corpore et ornatu+, abl. absol., ‘carried him to land
+(_devexit_) at Taenarum, in the country of Laconia, with body and
+clothes unharmed.’ _Taenarum_ is the acc. of ‘place whither.’
+
++in terram Laconicam+, lit. ‘to Taenarum into the land of Laconia.’ So
+‘he set out for Carthage in Africa’ is ‘_profectus est Carthaginem in
+Africam_.’
+
+6. +Taenarum+ was a promontory and town in the S.W. of Laconia, now
+Cape Matapan.
+
+7. +devexit+, ‘carried _down_,’ _i.e._ to land. The Greeks and Romans
+spoke of the coast line as lower than both the inland country and the
+‘high’ sea. Cf. the uses of ἀναβαίνω and καταβαίνω.
+
+8. +talemque+, etc., lit. ‘presented himself to King Periander, not
+expecting him, in the same guise (_talem_) as he had been in (_qualis_)
+(when) carried on the dolphin.’
+
++quasi falleret+. Cf. _quasi desiperet_, xv. 6. note.
+
+12. +dissimulanter+, secretly, hiding the truth; _simulanter_,
+feignedly, pretending what does not exist (the form _simulanter_ is
+post-classical). This distinction between _simulo_ and _dissimulo_ is
+expressed in the pentameter--
+
+  “_Quod non es simulas, dissimulasque quod es_,”
+
+‘you pretend what you are not, and hide what you are.’
+
+13. +audissent+, subj. after the dept. interrogative ‘_ecquid_.’
+
++unde venissent+, subj. because a dept. sentence in the _interrogatio
+obliqua_, after _interrogavit_.
+
+18. +ire infitias+, ‘to deny.’ For the phrase, cf. _ire exequias_, ‘to
+attend a funeral.’ The acc. in these phrases must be compared with the
+‘acc. of place whither’ after a verb of motion, _e.g._ _Romam_, _domum_,
+_rus ire_; and the acc. of the supine used to express purpose after a
+verb of motion, e.g. _lusum it Maecenas, dormitum ego_ (Horace),
+‘Maecenas goes to play, I to sleep.’
+
+20. +quod+, ‘the fact that...,’ introduces the substantival sentence
+‘_simulacra ... visuntur_’ which is the subject of _est_.
+
+21. +delphinus+ and +homo+ are in opposition with _simulacra_.
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+1. +ruris colendi insolens+, ‘ignorant of agriculture.’ For the
+gerundial attraction, cf. xiii. 1. note.
+
+3. +qui ... sciret+, ‘since he knew...,’ the relative when used in a
+causal sense governs the subjunctive.
+
+10. +faceret+, subj. after the dept. interrogative _cur_; ‘he asked
+why he was making....’
+
+13. +gratias agens+. The plural _gratias_ is always used with _agere_;
+but after _referre_, _debere_, _sentire_, etc., the singular, _gratiam_,
+is most commonly found.
+
+15. +imperitus+ goes closely with _detruncat_. In English we should
+use the adverb, ‘ignorantly (or, in his ignorance) cuts the tops
+off....’
+
++vites suas sibi omnes et oleas+, ‘all the vines and olives that he
+possessed.’
+
+18. +pomis gignendis felicia+, lit. all the twigs ‘productive for
+bearing fruit,’ _i.e._ ‘all the fruit-bearing twigs.’ _Pomis gignendis_
+is the dative after _felicia_. For the gerundive attraction cf. xiii. 1.
+note.
+
++felicia+. The root of _felix_ is the same as the root of _fecundus_
+(fruitful), _fetus_ (offspring), etc. Hence the earliest meaning of
+_felix_ is fruit-bearing: in this sense it is used in Lucretius, Ovid,
+Livy, etc., and the adverb _felicius_ in Verg. (_hic segetes, illic
+veniunt felicius uvae._--Georg. i. 54.)
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+1. +Mitridates VI+., king of Pontus, 120-63 B.C., was the most
+powerful foe whom the Romans encountered in the East. The first
+Mitridatic war was brought to a successful conclusion by Sulla in 84
+B.C.; the second, 83-82 B.C., was uneventful; the third, 74-63 B.C., in
+which Pompeius distinguished himself, ended in the flight and suicide of
+the king, as described in line 8.
+
+2. +quorum ... cavebat+, ‘by the continual use of which he protected
+himself from secret attempts at banquets’; _epularum_ is a descriptive
+genitive depending on _insidiis_.
+
+3. +quin ... est+. Cf. _quin quoque_, xxxii. 15. note, ‘nay, he
+even....’
+
++ostentandi gratia+, ‘to show off.’
+
+6. +in ultima regni+, ‘to the most distant parts of his kingdom.’
+
+9. +Q. Ennius+ (239-169 B.C.), though a Greek by birth, spent his life
+at Rome, and was regarded by the Romans as the father of their poetry,
+_alter Homerus_ (Horace). His most important work was the _Annales_, an
+epic poem upon the history of Rome. Only a few fragments of his writings
+have reached us.
+
+10. +Osce+. The Osci were a primitive people who lived in Campania.
+
+14. +lingua locutus est+, ‘he spoke in the tongue and language of each
+as skilfully as if he had been of that nation.’
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+1. +eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi cupidus+, lit. ‘was
+anxious to learn eloquence and to plead causes.’
+
++causarum orandi+, the genitive _orandi_ depends upon _cupidus_, and
+_causarum_ is a genitive depending on the gerund _orandi_. This
+construction (instead of the gerundial attraction, or the ordinary acc.
+after the gerund) is very rare; but cf. _nobis fuit exemplorum eligendi
+potestas_ (Cic de Juv. ii. 2), ‘we had the power of choosing examples.’
+
++in disciplinam ... sese dedit+, ‘entered himself as a pupil of
+Protagoras,’ lit. gave himself to the teaching of Protagoras.
+
+3. +Protagoras+, of Abdēra, in Thrace, was born about 480 B.C. and
+died 411 B.C. He came to Athens before the year 445, and there
+established a school. He was the first Greek philosopher who called
+himself a ‘Sophist,’ and taught for pay.
+
++daturumque+, etc. The order is--_promisit se daturum esse grandem
+pecuniam mercedem_, ‘promised to give a large sum as a remuneration....’
+_Mercedem_ is in apposition with _pecuniam_.
+
+6. +quo primo die+, ‘on the first day on which he pleaded and won a
+case’; the antecedent _primo die_ is attracted into the relative
+clauses, a common construction in Latin. Cf. xxx. 2.
+
+8. +causas ... reciperet+, ‘did not undertake cases,’ _i.e._ take
+briefs.
+
+12. +litem ... contestatur+ is the technical phrase for setting a suit
+on foot by calling witnesses; ‘he brings an action against Euathlus.’
+
+17. +ex sententia+, in accordance with the votes of the judges.
+‘_Sententia_’ is an expressed opinion, hence our ‘sentence.’
+
+18. +secundum te+, ‘in your favour.’
+
+24. +pro causa mea senserint+, ‘shall have pronounced in my favour.’
+
+
+XL.
+
+1. +proelium Cannense+, 216 B.C. Cf. ix. 1. Note the use of the
+adjective, where we use a subst. and prep., ‘the battle of Cannae.’
+
+2. +electos ... misit+, ‘sent to Rome ten men chosen out of our
+captives,’ _i.e._ ‘selected ten of our captives and sent them to Rome.’
+Cp. xxi. 3. note.
+
+3. +videretur+, ‘if it seemed good to the Roman people.’
+
+4. +quos alteri plures acciperent+, ‘whom the one side received more
+(than the other)’; _plures_ is acc. qualifying _quos_.
+
+5. +argenti+, etc., ‘a pound and a half of silver by weight.’
+
+6. +hoc iusiurandum eos adegit+, ‘bound them by this oath.’ _Adigere
+aliquem iusiurandum_, or _ad iusiurandum_, is literally to drive a man
+to an oath, _i.e._ to make him take it. After the time of Livy the
+construction _adigere aliquem iure iurando_, ‘to bind a man by an oath,’
+was more common.
+
+12. +postliminio+, ‘by the right of _postliminium_.’ _Postliminium_ is
+“the recovery of rights by a person returned from captivity, or the
+recovery of rights over a person or thing recovered from hostile
+possession” (Poste’s _Gaius_, § 129), since a man by hostile capture
+became the slave of the enemy, and so during the interval of captivity
+his rights as a free citizen were suspended. The usual derivation given
+is from _post_ and _limen_, ‘a returning behind the threshold’; others
+derive the _post_ from the same root as _potestas_ and _possessio_.
+
++liberatos religione+, ‘freed from their obligation.’
+
+19. +quoniam+, etc., lit. ‘since, when they had left the enemy’s camp,
+they had returned to it (_eo lem._ lit. to the same place) on an
+imaginary pretext, as if for some accidental reason, and so had again
+left (the camp) not bound by an oath.’
+
+24. +censores+. Two censors were elected every five years (_lustrum_);
+they held office for 18 months. Their duties were (1) to take the
+census, _i.e._ the register of the citizens and their property; (2) to
+exercise a supervision over the morals of the citizens, and punish
+defaulters by the _nota censoria_, and degrade them in various ways.
+The consequence of the _nota_ was _ignominia_.
+
+
+
+
+EXERCISES
+
+TO BE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN.
+
+[_The words in brackets are not to be translated._]
+
+
+I.
+
+1. Vergil used to produce his verses like a bear.
+
+2. The verses of Vergil were at first rough and unfinished.
+
+3. He used to polish and correct his rough verses like a bear.
+
+4. That animal by licking gives features to its shapeless offspring.
+
+5. All the verses of Vergil were afterwards polished and corrected.
+
+6. The offspring of that animal is at first rough and shapeless.
+
+7. It produces a shapeless offspring, but afterwards licks and forms it.
+
+8. The rough verses were polished and corrected by Vergil, as (its)
+offspring is licked and formed by that animal.
+
+
+II.
+
+1. Philemon was an author by no means equal to Menander.
+
+2. Do you not blush, whenever you defeat me in such contests?
+
+3. Philemon did not blush when he met Menander.
+
+4. Philemon often defeated Menander in those contests.
+
+5. Menander will meet Philemon by chance.
+
+6. Menander, a writer of comedies, defeated Philemon by bribery.
+
+7. Menander and Philemon were by no means equal.
+
+8. How do you defeat me in these contests?
+
+
+III.
+
+1. A wonderful thing is told by Plutarch about the palm.
+
+2. Great weights were placed by the philosophers on the stem of that
+palm tree.
+
+3. The tree will not yield, but will rise against the great weight.
+
+4. They have made the palm the emblem of victory.
+
+5. Why is this tree an emblem of victory in battle?
+
+6. The stem of the tree was not bent by the weights placed upon it.
+
+7. Philosophers tell many wonderful tales about this tree.
+
+8. This tree was made by the Greeks the emblem of victory.
+
+
+IV.
+
+1. It is said that Xanthippe was the wife of Socrates the philosopher.
+
+2. Socrates had a very bad-tempered wife, Xanthippe by name.
+
+3. He did not drive his quarrelsome wife from home.
+
+4. I can bear the impertinence of the others more easily.
+
+5. The wife of Socrates was very quarrelsome both day and night.
+
+6. The friends of Socrates wondered at his bad-tempered wife.
+
+7. Why has your quarrelsome and bad-tempered wife not been driven from
+home?
+
+8. Alcibiades, the friend of Socrates, wondered at Xanthippe, the
+quarrelsome wife of that philosopher.
+
+
+V.
+
+1. Voluntary labours used to strengthen the body of Socrates.
+
+2. He used to stand day and night motionless.
+
+3. Socrates lived in perfect health for almost his whole life.
+
+4. A plague ravaged the city of Athens in the Peloponnesian war.
+
+5. Socrates kept his bodily vigour during the plague which ravaged
+Athens.
+
+6. He used to stand with his eyes directed to the same place.
+
+7. Socrates bore very many labours to strengthen his body.
+
+8. He directed his eyes to the same place from one sunrise to the next
+sunrise.
+
+
+VI.
+
+1. King Alexander had a wonderful horse called Bucephalas.
+
+2. No one, except King Alexander, could mount this horse.
+
+3. The king, seated on this horse, performed many brave deeds in the
+Indian war.
+
+4. Darts were thrown from all sides at King Alexander.
+
+5. The king was carried back at full speed by the dying horse from the
+middle of the battle.
+
+6. A town, called Bucephalon, was built by Alexander in that place.
+
+7. The horse was pierced by many wounds and fell down almost lifeless.
+
+8. Alexander built a town in India, which he called Bucephalon in honour
+of his wonderful horse Bucephalas.
+
+
+VII.
+
+1. Alcibiades was educated by his uncle Pericles.
+
+2. A flute-player endeavoured to teach Alcibiades to play the flute.
+
+3. The flute was handed to Alcibiades by his master.
+
+4. The flute was thrown away and broken by the boy Alcibiades.
+
+5. The Athenians unanimously ceased to play the flute.
+
+6. The uncle caused the boy to be taught to play the flute.
+
+7. The wise uncle caused many masters to be summoned.
+
+8. Flute-playing was formerly considered by the Athenians a most
+honourable accomplishment.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+1. The Samnites sent ambassadors to C. Fabricius, the Roman general.
+
+2. They offered the Roman general a large sum of money as a gift.
+
+3. Many things were lacking to the magnificence of his home.
+
+4. Fabricius could control his eyes, mouth and ears.
+
+5. Fabricius was unwilling to receive the money from the Samnites.
+
+6. The Samnites know (how) to use the money.
+
+7. Fabricius did many things for the Samnites after peace had been made.
+
+8. The Roman general was unwilling to use the Samnite money.
+
+
+IX.
+
+1. The king had collected his forces on the plain.
+
+2. King Antiochus was about to make war on his enemies, the Roman
+people.
+
+3. The army of the king was glittering with gold and silver trappings.
+
+4. He manœuvred his chariots, cavalry and elephants.
+
+5. These things will be enough for the greedy Romans.
+
+6. Many elephants had been collected by Antiochus.
+
+7. Hannibal jeered at the cowardice of Antiochus’ soldiers.
+
+8. The king had collected chariots with sickles and elephants with
+turrets.
+
+
+X.
+
+1. The death of Milo was wonderful and pitiable.
+
+2. Athletics were abandoned by Milo (when) advanced in age.
+
+3. A large oak was standing near the road.
+
+4. He thrust his fingers into the hollows of the tree.
+
+5. Milo endeavoured with his fingers to tear open the oak.
+
+6. The tree returned to its natural position and shut in his hands.
+
+7. The man was torn to pieces by wild beasts.
+
+8. The oak was torn open by the hands of Milo.
+
+
+XI.
+
+1. The Roman senators used to enter the senate house with their sons.
+
+2. The senators were consulting about a very important matter.
+
+3. No one spoke about the matter, (which had been) adjourned to the next
+day.
+
+4. The mother of the boy Papirius was very anxious to hear the matter.
+
+5. It is advantageous to the state for one man to have two wives.
+
+6. The boy was unwilling to tell his mother those matters.
+
+7. In that city one woman was not married to two men.
+
+8. I must be silent, for I am not allowed to tell you this.
+
+
+XII.
+
+1. On hearing this she betook herself in alarm to the other women.
+
+2. Next day a crowd of women came to the senate-house.
+
+3. What is this crowd of women, and what do these demands mean?
+
+4. The boy advances into the middle of the senate-house and says these
+things.
+
+5. Afterwards no boy entered the senate-house except Papirius.
+
+6. The name (of) “Praetextatus” was given to the boy.
+
+7. The women were frightened and surrounded the senate-house weeping and
+praying.
+
+8. The senators wondered, when they saw the crowd of matrons.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+1. Sertorius was an energetic general, skilled in commanding an army.
+
+2. In times of difficulty he used to pretend dreams and tell lies to the
+soldiers.
+
+3. A certain man gave Sertorius a white doe of remarkable beauty.
+
+4. This doe has been presented to me by heaven.
+
+5. The doe used to converse with Sertorius and advise him.
+
+6. He announced that the doe had given him this advice.
+
+7. The soldiers willingly obeyed Sertorius as if (he were) a god.
+
+8. The doe, which had been given him as a gift, was of remarkable beauty
+and extraordinary speed.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+1. The doe, alarmed by an inroad of the enemy, took to flight.
+
+2. The doe one day hid in a neighbouring marsh, and was searched for in
+vain.
+
+3. It was believed that Sertorius’ doe had perished.
+
+4. Sertorius ordered the man, who found the doe, to be silent.
+
+5. The doe appeared to me in the middle of the night and foretold what
+must be done.
+
+6. The doe was suddenly let loose into the room, in which Sertorius and
+his friends were sitting.
+
+7. The credulity of these barbarians was very useful to the general.
+
+8. No one deserted Sertorius, though he was often conquered.
+
+
+XV.
+
+1. An old woman brought nine books to King Tarquin.
+
+2. She said that she wished to sell the books, which she had brought.
+
+3. The woman demanded an immense (sum of) money, and therefore the king
+laughed.
+
+4. Three out of the nine books were burnt before the king’s face.
+
+5. The king said that the old woman was certainly mad.
+
+6. She sold these books for the same price that she had demanded for
+all.
+
+7. Tarquin at first despised the old woman, but afterwards bought the
+three remaining books.
+
+8. The books, which this old woman sold to Tarquin, are called the
+Sibylline (books).
+
+
+XVI.
+
+1. Scipio Africanus did not receive money from King Antiochus.
+
+2. Scipio made peace with Antiochus on favourable terms.
+
+3. Many charges were made against Scipio by M. Naevius.
+
+4. This is the day on which Scipio conquered Hannibal in a very great
+battle in Africa.
+
+5. This victory of Scipio in the land of Africa was very famous.
+
+6. They went to the Capitol, to give thanks to Jupiter.
+
+7. The assembly did not pass sentence on Scipio.
+
+8. They all followed Scipio to his house with rejoicings and
+congratulations.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+1. Cato, Scipio’s enemy, won over a certain tribune, named Petilius.
+
+2. He was unwilling to give an account of the money and spoil to the
+senate.
+
+3. Scipio produced a book, in which was written an account of the money
+and the spoil.
+
+4. He tore the book to pieces with his own hands.
+
+5. The safety of the state ought to be ascribed to Scipio.
+
+6. He rose and produced a book, in which were the accounts.
+
+7. I will not read the accounts to you, for I am unwilling to insult
+myself.
+
+8. Scipio had taken much money and spoil in the war against Antiochus,
+and had written an account of it in a book.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+1. Old writers have told many (tales) about the life and deeds of
+Africanus.
+
+2. Before dawn Scipio used to go to the temple of Jupiter.
+
+3. The dogs did not attack Scipio as he went to the Capitol.
+
+4. The attendants of the temple wondered that the dogs did not bark at
+Scipio.
+
+5. Scipio was attacking a very strong town, situated in Spain.
+
+6. There was small hope of taking this strong town.
+
+7. He ordered bail to be given by the soldier for (his appearance on)
+the third day.
+
+8. Scipio stretched out his hand towards the town, which he was
+attacking.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+1. The man must be condemned by the law.
+
+2. I consulted about the life of my friend with the judges.
+
+3. I persuaded the other judges to acquit my friend.
+
+4. He silently gave his vote for condemning the man.
+
+5. The duty of a friend and of a judge was thus safe.
+
+6. He consulted with himself about the life of his friend.
+
+7. Two out of the three judges acquitted my friend.
+
+8. It is the duty of a judge to condemn a man, who ought by the law to
+be condemned.
+
+
+XX.
+
+1. A certain young man was very fond of old words.
+
+2. In his daily conversations he used old-fashioned expressions.
+
+3. The Pelasgi were the first who inhabited Italy.
+
+4. He used old-fashioned words, as though he were talking with the
+mother of Evander.
+
+5. He did not wish any one to understand what he said.
+
+6. You ought to be silent, and thus you would gain what you wish for.
+
+7. You ought to use modern expressions, if you wish to be understood.
+
+8. I love the old Aurunci, for they were honourable and good.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+1. Titus Manlius took a necklace from an enemy, whom he had killed.
+
+2. He was named Torquatus in honour of a necklace, which he had taken
+from an enemy.
+
+3. A certain Gaul advanced with a shield and two swords.
+
+4. A Gaul advanced, who surpassed the other in height and strength.
+
+5. He beckoned with his hand, and cried with a very loud voice.
+
+6. The others dared not fight against this enemy, on account of his
+dreadful appearance.
+
+7. The barbarian began to jeer at them, because no one dared to advance.
+
+8. T. Manlius was grieved that the others dared not fight against the
+Gaul.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+1. The two soldiers, the Roman and the Gaul, fought on the bridge in the
+sight of both armies.
+
+2. Manlius trusted in his courage, the Gaul in his skill.
+
+3. The enemy’s shield was struck again by Manlius.
+
+4. Manlius wounded the Gaul’s shoulder with his Spanish sword.
+
+5. The Roman threw his enemy down and cut off his head.
+
+6. The bloodstained necklace was taken from the neck of the Gaul by
+Manlius.
+
+7. The son of Manlius killed an enemy, who had challenged him, although
+he had been forbidden to fight by his father.
+
+8. Harsh commands are called “Manlian,” because this Manlius beheaded
+his own son.
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+1. The consul drew up the Roman lines facing the vast forces of the
+Gauls.
+
+2. The arms of the Gallic leader shone with gold.
+
+3. The Gaul, a man of enormous height, advanced shaking his spear.
+
+4. He haughtily ordered any Roman to come, who dared to fight against
+him.
+
+5. Whilst the others were wavering between shame and fear, Valerius
+advanced boldly against the enemy.
+
+6. A raven suddenly attacked the eyes of the Gaul.
+
+7. The raven, having torn the hands and face of the Gaul, perched on the
+head of Valerius.
+
+8. Thus, helped by the bird, he killed his enemy, and in honour of the
+victory was named Corvinus.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+1. Aesop, who lived in Phrygia, was a very wise writer of fables.
+
+2. He invented amusing stories, and thus gave useful advice.
+
+3. Philosophers give useful advice, but what they say is not amusing.
+
+4. Aesop invented an amusing story about a lark.
+
+5. This fable about the lark warned men that their hopes ought to be
+placed in themselves.
+
+6. Q. Ennius composed many verses about this story of Aesop.
+
+7. This is a proof that our confidence ought to be placed in ourselves.
+
+8. It is the custom with philosophers to give useful advice, with
+writers of fables amusing advice.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+1. It is said that a lark built in the corn.
+
+2. The corn was ripening when the young ones were unfledged.
+
+3. The lark went to search for food, and left her young ones in the
+nest.
+
+4. If anything unusual happens, said she, tell me when I return home.
+
+5. The young ones saw the owner of the crops calling his son.
+
+6. The owner’s friends were unwilling to assist him in the harvest.
+
+7. Make haste, mother, and carry us to another nest.
+
+8. The lark said that it was not necessary to take her young ones to
+another home.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+1. When the mother had flown to seek food, the owner returned to the
+field with his son.
+
+2. He told his son that the friends were loiterers, for they had not
+come.
+
+3. Let us go, said he, and ask our relations to help us to-morrow.
+
+4. The young ones told their mother that the master had sent for his
+relations.
+
+5. The master said that he would himself reap the corn with his sickle.
+
+6. The relations neglected to come, and so the master and his son
+themselves reaped the corn.
+
+7. The mother said that it was time to go; for what he had ordered would
+now be done.
+
+8. The matter now depends on the master himself, not on his friends.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+1. Pyrrhus fought many battles with success in the land of Italy.
+
+2. Timochares, a friend of Pyrrhus, wished to kill the king by poison.
+
+3. If we agree about the reward, I promise to kill the king by poison.
+
+4. My son is the king’s cup-bearer, and so he will easily be able to
+give poison to the king.
+
+5. Fabricius wrote to the Roman Senate, that Timochares wished to kill
+King Pyrrhus by poison.
+
+6. The Senate advised the king to act more cautiously.
+
+7. Your friends wish to kill you by poison; therefore it is necessary to
+act very cautiously.
+
+8. The king wrote to the Roman Senate, thanking and praising them, and
+restored all the prisoners whom he had taken.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+1. A lion of enormous size was brought into the circus.
+
+2. Many slaves had been given by their masters to fight wild beasts.
+
+3. An enormous and terrible lion attracted the attention of all by its
+roaring.
+
+4. It is said that the lion, seeing Androclus, suddenly stood still.
+
+5. It is said that the lion wagged its tail like a dog, and licked the
+man’s hands.
+
+6. The slave recovered his lost courage and turned his eyes on the lion.
+
+7. You might have seen the lion licking the legs and hands of the slave.
+
+8. A mimic hunt was given in the circus, for which many wild-beasts had
+been sent from Africa.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+1. Loud shouts were aroused by this wonderful sight.
+
+2. Caesar asked why the lion spared Androclus alone.
+
+3. A wonderful and marvellous story was told Caesar by the slave.
+
+4. The slave, driven to flight by his master’s daily blows, took refuge
+in the desert.
+
+5. At mid-day the slave hid in a cave, to which a lion came.
+
+6. An enormous lion was coming to the cave, with one foot lame, groaning
+and sighing.
+
+7. He was at first terrified by the sight of the lion, but soon
+recovered his courage.
+
+8. The slave pulled a large thorn out of the lion’s foot; the lion then
+placed its foot in his hands and slept.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+1. He said that for three years he had lived in the same cave as the
+lion.
+
+2. I used to cook my food by the mid-day sun, because I had no fire.
+
+3. I am weary of this wild-beast’s life, and I will leave the cave.
+
+4. His master arrested him and sent him from Africa to Rome.
+
+5. My master had me condemned to death and given to the wild-beasts in
+the Circus.
+
+6. The lion, after I was separated from it, was taken and sent to Rome.
+
+7. Androclus, after telling this wonderful tale, was pardoned and
+presented with the lion.
+
+8. They gave money to the slave and flowers to the lion, which had been
+the host of the man.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+1. Polus, a famous actor in Greece, had a well-loved son.
+
+2. Polus lost his son, and mourned for him many days.
+
+3. Polus was about to act the “Electra” of Sophocles, and to carry the
+bones of Orestes in his hands.
+
+4. Electra carried the remains of her brother in an urn, and wept for
+his death.
+
+5. Electra, the sister of Orestes, was dressed in mourning and carried
+the remains of her brother.
+
+6. She took the urn from the tomb and carried it in her hands.
+
+7. The urn, which Electra was carrying, had been placed in a tomb.
+
+8. Polus carried in his hands the remains of his own son, and wept for
+his, not Orestes’, death.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+1. It is said that ambassadors came from Athens to Miletus to ask for
+help.
+
+2. They pleaded for the Milesians, but Demades replied that help ought
+not to be given to them.
+
+3. Demades maintained that the Milesians were not worthy of help.
+
+4. He said that it would not be advantageous to the state to give help.
+
+5. It is said that Demades received from the Milesian ambassadors as
+much money as he asked for.
+
+6. I am suffering from an inflamed throat and therefore I cannot oppose
+the Milesian demands.
+
+7. He did not conceal what he had done, but said he had received much
+money.
+
+8. You received three talents for acting, I received more for being
+silent.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+1. Cicero wished to buy a house on the Palatine, but had no money at the
+time.
+
+2. P. Sulla lent Cicero 5,000,000 sesterces secretly.
+
+3. You have received, said they, money from Sulla for buying a house.
+
+4. Cicero afterwards bought the house with the money which he had
+received from Sulla.
+
+5. I said that I did not wish to buy that house, because I was a
+cautious father of a family.
+
+6. Cicero’s friends reproached him with this lie.
+
+7. Cicero told that lie, because he had received money from a defendant.
+
+8. Cicero wished to buy that house, but he said that he did not wish to
+buy it.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+1. Many friends accompanied Julianus home.
+
+2. A block, many stories high, was blazing.
+
+3. He said that property in the city gave great returns.
+
+4. There is no remedy to prevent houses at Rome burning.
+
+5. He sold all his country property and bought city property.
+
+6. The philosopher said that alum was the best remedy for fire.
+
+7. A wooden tower, which had been built to defend the city, was smeared
+with alum by Archelaus.
+
+8. Q. Claudius says that this tower, smeared with alum, could not burn.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+1. Arion of Lesbos lived at Corinth, and was loved by Periander.
+
+2. Arion went to Italy and charmed the ears of all in that land.
+
+3. He gained much money by playing, and afterwards wished to return to
+King Periander at Corinth.
+
+4. He chose a Corinthian ship, because he thought the sailors would be
+more friendly to him.
+
+5. Arion gave all his money to the sailors, but prayed them to spare his
+life.
+
+6. The sailors ordered Arion to spring down into the sea, in order that
+they might take possession of his money.
+
+7. In a loud voice he sang this song, and then threw himself into the
+sea.
+
+8. He took his lyre in his hand and, standing on the stern, began to
+sing a song.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+1. The sailors thought that Arion had perished in the sea, and held on
+their course to Corinth.
+
+2. It is said that a dolphin carried the man safe to Taenarum.
+
+3. Arion went from Taenarum to Corinth and related what had happened to
+himself.
+
+4. The king believed that Arion was deceiving him, and ordered him to be
+guarded for two days.
+
+5. The king ordered the sailors to be sent for, and asked them if they
+had heard anything about Arion.
+
+6. The sailors told the king that Arion was living in Italy.
+
+7. Arion stood forth before the astounded sailors, who thought that he
+had perished in the sea.
+
+8. At Taenarum two bronze figures stand as a proof of this tale.
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+1. A certain barbarian bought a large farm planted with olives and
+vines.
+
+2. The Thracian saw his neighbour pruning his trees.
+
+3. He asked his neighbour why he pulled up the vine suckers.
+
+4. The trees of his neighbour were more fruitful than his own.
+
+5. He thanked his neighbour and went home rejoicing.
+
+6. The ignorant Thracian took a sickle, and began to cut off the most
+luxuriant foliage of the trees.
+
+7. He cut off all the fruitful twigs of the apple-trees.
+
+8. The ignorant man thought that he was pruning his trees, as his
+neighbour had done.
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+1. The King of Pontus was very skilled in medicine.
+
+2. It is said that these medicines are good for dissipating poisons.
+
+3. The King of Pontus for his whole life was on his guard against secret
+treachery.
+
+4. Mitridates often drank poison to show that it was harmless to him.
+
+5. He slew himself with his own sword, (after) having in vain tried the
+strongest poisons.
+
+6. Ennius could speak Greek, Latin and Oscan, and so he used to say that
+he had three hearts.
+
+7. The King of Pontus knew the languages of all the nations under his
+dominion, twenty-two in number.
+
+8. Mitridates used to talk with the men of each nation, whom he had
+under his dominion, in the language of that nation, and not through an
+interpreter.
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+1. He gave Protagoras half of the money which he asked for, and promised
+to give the remaining half afterwards.
+
+2. I will give you, said he, the remaining half on the first day on
+which I win a case.
+
+3. He was a pupil of Protagoras for a long while, but did not undertake
+any case.
+
+4. He did not undertake any case, in order to avoid paying the rest of
+the money.
+
+5. Protagoras thought that his plan for gaining the money was very
+clever.
+
+6. If the verdict is given in your favour,[A] it will be necessary for
+you to pay me the money.
+
+7. The judges left the matter unsettled, because they did not know what
+sentence they ought to give.
+
+8. The wise judges adjourned the law-suit to a very distant day.
+
+    [Footnote A: The verdict is given in my favour: pronuntiatum est
+    pro me.]
+
+
+XL.
+
+1. Hannibal chose ten prisoners and sent them to Rome.
+
+2. He wished after the battle of Cannae to make an exchange of prisoners
+with his enemies.
+
+3. The Roman prisoners promised with an oath to return to Hannibal.
+
+4. They told the senators what Hannibal had said about an exchange of
+prisoners.
+
+5. Their relations embraced them and prayed them with tears not to
+return to Hannibal.
+
+6. Of the ten prisoners eight returned to Hannibal, and two only
+remained at Rome.
+
+7. The two prisoners, who remained at Rome, were despised by all.
+
+8. The censors branded with every mark of infamy the prisoners, who had
+refused to return to Hannibal.
+
+
+
+
+LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
+
+_The parts of regular verbs are not given._
+
+_A dot occurring in a word separates the parts of a compound._
+
+
++A.+ for Aulus, -i.
+
++a, ab+, _prep. gov. abl._, from, by.
+
++ab·eo+, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, -īre, 4 _v. n._, I go away.
+
++ab·hinc+, _adv._, henceforward, since.
+
++ab·iĭcio+, -iēci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I throw away, throw from.
+(iăcio.)
+
++ab·lēgo+, _v. a._ 1, I send away.
+
++ab·solvo+, -solvi, -sŏlūtum, 3 _v. a._, I set loose, I acquit.
+
++ăbundē+, _adv._, abundantly, sufficiently. (ab·undo, I overflow; cf.
+unda, a wave.)
+
++ac+, _conj._, and.
+
++ac·cēdo+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I go to, I approach. (ad, cēdo.)
+
++ac·cĭdo+ (or adcĭdo), -cidi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I fall to, fall out,
+happen. (ad, cădo.)
+
++ăcies, -ei+, _f._, line-of-battle (lit. sharp edge). (ācer, ăcus.)
+
++ac·cĭpio+, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I receive, learn, hear. (ad,
+căpio.)
+
++ac·cūso+, 1 _v. a._, I impeach, blame.
+
++ācer+, acris, acre, _adj._, sharp, eager, energetic.
+
++ăcerbus, -a, -um+, _adj._, bitter, bad-tempered. (ācer.)
+
++ācrĭter+, _adv._, sharply, keenly. (ācer.)
+
++actor+, -ōris, _m._, actor. (ăgo.)
+
++acturus+, _fut. part._, fr. ăgo.
+
++ăd+, _prep. gov. acc._, to, for.
+
++ad·cido+. Cf. accido.
+
++ad·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I bring to, add.
+
++ăd·eo+, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, 4 _v. n._, I go to, approach.
+
++ad·eō̆+, _adv._, thus far; usque adeo, to such an extent, (ad, is; cf.
+quoad.)
+
++ad·fĕro+ (or affĕro), -tŭli, -lātum, 3 _v. a._, I bring to.
+
++ad·ficio+. Cf. afficio.
+
++ad·fīnis+ (or affinis), -e, _adj._, neighbouring to, related to (by
+marriage); as a _subst._, neighbour, relation.
+
++ad·ĭgo+, -ēgi, -actum, 3 _v. a._, I drive to. adigo aliquem (ad)
+iusiurandum, I drive a man to an oath, make him swear. (ăgo.)
+
++ad·hĭbeo+, -hĭbui, -hĭbĭtum, 2 _v. a._, I bring to, employ. (hăbeo.)
+
++ad·ĭpiscor+, -eptus, 3 _v. dep._, I obtain. (ăpiscor.)
+
++ad·iŭvo+, -iūvi, -iūtum, 1 _v. a._, I assist.
+
++ad·mīrātio+, -ōnis, _f._, wonder.
+
++ad·mĭror+, 1 _v. dep._, I wonder at.
+
++ad·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I bring to, bring in, admit.
+
++ad·mŏdum+, _adv._, lit. to a measure, in a high degree, very. (mŏdus.)
+
++ad·no+, 1 _v. n._, I swim to.
+
++ad·prĕhendo+ (or apprehendo), -prĕhendi, -prĕhensum, 3 _v. a._,
+I seize.
+
++adsĭduus+, -a, -um, _adj._, constant, eager, diligent. (adsideo: cf.
+continuus, fr. contineo.)
+
++adsĭdue+, _adv._, constantly. (adsiduus.)
+
++ad·signo+, 1 _v. a._, I attribute to. (signum.)
+
++ad·sum+, -fui, -esse, _v. n._, I am present.
+
++adŭlescens+ (or adŏlescens), -entis, _c._, young man, young woman.
+(ad·ŏlesco.)
+
++adŭlescentia+, -ae, _f._, youth, manly strength, (ad·olesco.)
+
++adŭlor+, 1 _v. dep._, I fawn on, flatter.
+
++ad·vĕnio+, -vēni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I come to, approach.
+
++ad·versārius+, -a, -um, _adj._, turned towards, opposed to; _subst._,
+antagonist. (ad, versus.)
+
++ad·versum+, or +ad·versus+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, towards,
+against.
+
++ad·verto+, -verti, -versum, 3 _v. a._, I turn towards, observe
+(generally in phrase ‘animum adverto’).
+
++ad·vŏco+, 1 _v. a._, I call to my aid.
+
++ad·vŏlo+, 1 _v. n._, I fly towards.
+
++aedes+ (or aedis), -is, _f._, a building, temple; in _pl._, a house.
+
++aedĭtŭmus+, -i, _m._, keeper of temple, sacristan. (aedes.)
+
++aegrē+, _adv._, with difficulty, scarcely. aegre passus, displeased.
+(aeger.)
+
++ăēneus+, -a, -um, _adj._, brazen. (aes.)
+
++aerārium+, -ii, _n._, treasury. (aes.)
+
++aes+, aeris, _n._, copper, brass, money.
+
++Aesōpus+, -i, _m._, Aesop. (Αἴσωπος.)
+
++aetas+, -ātis, _f._, age (for aevĭtas, fr. aevum, αἰών.)
+
++affero+. Cf. adfero.
+
++af·fĭcio+, -fēci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I affect in some way: afficio
+contumeliâ, I affect, brand with disgrace, _i.e._ I disgrace, insult.
+(făcio.)
+
++Afrĭca+, -ae, _f._, Africa, _i.e._ the land round Carthage.
+
++Afrĭcānus+, -i, _m._, agnomen of Scipio.
+
++ăger+, agri, _m._, land, territory. (ἀγρός, cf. English acre, German
+Acker.)
+
++ăgo+, ēgi, actum, 3 _v. a._, I drive, do, act; of the Senate,
+I transact, I discuss: ago gratias, I give thanks; bene ago, I fare
+well, prosper.
+
++āio+, _v. n._, _defective_, I say.
+
++ἀκοινονόητοι+ (cf. xxxiii. 10, note), deficient in common sense.
+
++āla+, -ae, _f._, wing.
+
++albus+, -a, -um, _adj._, white.
+
++Alcĭbĭădes+, -is or -i, _m._, Alcibiades. (Ἀλκιβιάδης.)
+
++āles+, -ĭtis, _adj._, winged; as _subst._, c., a bird. (āla.)
+
++Alexander+, -dri, _m._, Alexander. (Ἀλέξανδρος.)
+
++ălĭquĭs+, aliquid, _subst. pron._, some one, any one. (ălius, quis.)
+
++ălĭter+, _adv._, otherwise. (ălius.)
+
++ălius+, -a, -um, _adj._, other, another. (Cf. ἄλλος.)
+
++altē+, _adv._, deeply. (altus.)
+
++alter+, -ĕra, -ĕrum, _adj._, the one (or other) of two. (Cf. ălius.)
+
++altus+, -a, -um, _adj._, deep; as _subst._, altum, i, _n._, the deep
+sea. (ălo, I nourish.)
+
++ălūmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, alum.
+
++ambĭguus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wavering, hesitating. (ambĭgo, fr. ambi,
+Gr. ἀμφί, ăgo.)
+
++ambĭtus+, -us, _m._, lit. a going round, bribery. (ambio. fr. ambi, Gr.
+ἀμφί, eo.)
+
++Ambrăciensis+, -e, _adj._, Ambracian, belonging to Ambrăcia, town in S.
+of Epīrus.
+
++ăm·ĭcio+, -ĭcui or -ixi, -ictum, 4 _v. a._, I wrap around, clothe. (am
+or amb, Gr. ἀμφί, and iăcio. Cf. ἀμφιβάλλω.)
+
++ămictus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. amĭcio. As _subst._, amictus, ūs _m._,
+clothing.
+
++ămīcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, friendly; _subst._, ămīcus, i, _m._,
+a friend. (ămo.)
+
++ā·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I send away, let go, lose.
+
++ămo+, 1 _v. a._, I love.
+
++am·plector+, -exus, 3 _v. dep._, I embrace. (am cf. am·icio, plecto,
+I plait.)
+
++amplĭtūdo+, -ĭnis, _f._, dignity. (amplus.)
+
++amp·ŭto+, 1 _v. a._, I lop off.
+
++ăn+, _conj._, or, whether (in disjunctive interrogations).
+
++an·ceps+, -cĭpĭtis, _adj._, two-headed, doubtful, dangerous. (an, cf.
+am·ĭcio, caput.)
+
++Androclus+, -i, _m._, Androclus.
+
++ănĭma+, -ae, _f._, soul. (animous, ἄνεμος, that which breathes.)
+
++ănĭm·ad·verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I direct my attention to, notice.
+(animus, ad, verto.)
+
++ănĭmus+, -i, _m._, mind. (Cf. anima.)
+
++annālis+, -e, _adj._, belonging to a year. As _subst._, annalis, -is,
+_m._ (sc. liber), chronicle, annal. (annus.)
+
++annus+, -i, _m._, year.
+
++antĕ+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, before.
+
++antĕā+, _adv._, before.
+
++antĕ·quam+, _conj._, before that.
+
++Antĭŏchīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to Antiochus.
+
++Antĭŏchus+, -i, _m._, Antiochus (Ἀντίοχος.)
+
++antīquĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, antiquity, old times. (antiquus.)
+
++antīquĭtus+, _adv._, from of old, in former times. (antiquus.)
+
++antīquus+ (or anticus), -a, -um, _adj._, ancient. (ante.)
+
++Antōnius+, -ii, _m._, Antonius.
+
++ănus+, -us, _f._, old woman.
+
++ăpĕrio+, -ĕrui, -ĕrtum, 4 _v. a._, I open.
+
++ăpŏlŏgus+, -i, _m._, fable. (ἀπόλογος.)
+
++ap·pello+ (or +ad·pello+), 1 _v. a._, I drive to, go to, I accost,
+appeal to.
+
++ap·pĕto+ (or +ad·peto+), -īvi and -ii, -ītum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._,
+I seek for, long for, approach.
+
++ap·pono+ (or +ad·pono+), -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I place near.
+
++ap·prŏbo+ (or +ad·prŏbo+), 1 _v. a._, I approve, I confirm.
+
++aptus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. ăpo, ăpere, I fit to; fit, suited. (Cf.
+apiscor, ἅπτω.)
+
++ăpŭd+, _prep. gov. acc._, near to, at the house of.
+
++arbor+, -ŏris, _f._, a tree.
+
++arcesso+, -īvi, -ītum, 3 _v. a._, I send for.
+
++Archĕlāus+, -i, _m._, Archelaus.
+
++ardeo+, arsi, arsum, 2 _v. n._, I am on fire, burn.
+
++arduus+, -a, -um, _adj._, steep, lofty.
+
++argentum+, -i, _n._, silver.
+
++argūmentum+, -i, _n._, proof, argument, plot. (arguo.)
+
++argy̆ranche+ (ἀργυράγχη). Cf. xxxii. 14, note.
+
++Ărīon+, ŏnis, _m._, Arion.
+
++Aristŏdēmus+, -i, _m._, Aristodemus.
+
++Ăristŏtĕles+, -is or -i, _m._, Aristotle.
+
++arma+, -orum, _n._, _plur. only_, arms.
+
++armilla+, -ae, _f._, bracelet. (arma.)
+
++armo+, 1 _v. a._, I arm, equip. (arma.)
+
++ars+, +artis+, _f._, art, skill. (Cf. arma.)
+
++arx+, +arcis+, _f._, citadel. (arceo.)
+
++a·scendo+, -ndi, -sum, 3 _v. n._, I mount up. (scando, I climb.)
+
++Ā̆sĭātĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to Asia.
+
++aspectus+, -us, _m._, look. (aspicio.)
+
++asper+, -ĕra, -ĕrum, _adj._, harsh, rough.
+
++a·spernor+, 1 _v. dep._, I despise. (ab, sperno.)
+
++a·spicio+, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._, I behold, look at.
+
++as·porto+, 1 _v. a._, I carry away. (abs, porto.)
+
++as·sĭdeo+, -sēdi, -sessum, 2 _v. n._, I sit by; I besiege. (ad, sedeo.)
+
++assum+. Cf. adsum.
+
++astūtus+, -a, -um, _adj._, skilled, clever. (astus.)
+
++ăt+, _conj._, but.
+
++Ăthēnae+, -arum, _f. plur._ only, Athens.
+
++Ăthēniensis+, -e, _adj._, Athenian.
+
++āthlēta+, -ae, _m._, wrestler, athlete. (ἀθλητής.)
+
++āthlētĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, athletic. ars athletica, athletics.
+
++atquĕ+, _conj._, and.
+
++ā̆trox+, -ōcis, _adj._, frightful, fierce. (āter, black, gloomy.)
+
++Attĭca+, -ae, _f._, Attica.
+
++attentē+, _adv., comp._, attentius, attentively. (attendo.)
+
++at·tingo+, -tĭgi, -tactum, 3 _v. a._, I touch. (ad·tango.)
+
++auctor+, -ōris, _m._, author. (augeo.)
+
++audeo+, ausus, 2 _v. a._ and _n._, I dare.
+
++audio+, 4 _v. a._, I hear. (Cf. auris, ear.)
+
++audītor+, -ōris, _m._, hearer. (audio.)
+
++au·fĕro+, abs·tŭli, ab·lātum, au·ferre, 3 _v. a._, I carry away, take.
+(ab, fero.)
+
++aureus+, -a, -um, _adj._, golden. (aurum.)
+
++auris+, -is, _f._, ear.
+
++aurum+, -i, _n._, gold.
+
++Aurunci+, -orum, _m._, the Aurunci.
+
++aut+, _conj._, or. aut ... aut, either ... or.
+
++autem+, _conj._, but, however, moreover.
+
++auxĭlĭum+, -ii, _n._, help. (augeo.)
+
++ăvārus+, -a, -um, _adj._, covetous, greedy. (ăveo, I long for.)
+
++āversus+, -a, -um, _part._ from āverto, turned away.
+
++ā·verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I turn away.
+
++ăvis+, -is, _f._, bird.
+
++ăvuncŭlus+, -i, _m._, maternal uncle. (Diminutive of ăvus,
+grandfather.)
+
+
++barbăria+, -ae, _f._, foreign country. (barbărus.)
+
++barbărus+, -a, -um, _adj._, foreign. (βάρβαρος: cf. balbus,
+stammering.)
+
++bellum+, -i, _n._, war.
+
++bellātor+, -ōris, _m._, warrior. (bellum.)
+
++bĕnĕ+, _adv._, well. bene facio, I benefit.
+
++bĕnĕfĭcium+, -ii, _n._, kindness. (bene, facio.)
+
++bestia+, -ae, _f._, wild beast.
+
++blandē+, _adv._, gently. (blandus).
+
++blandīmentum+, -i, _n._, blandishment. (blandior, I caress.)
+
++bŏnus+, -a -um, _adj._, good.
+
++Būcĕphălas+, -ae (Βουκεφάλας), _m._, Bucephalas. Cf. vi. 1. note.
+
+
++C.+ for Cāĭŭs or Gāĭŭs.
+
++caedes+, -is, _f._, lopping off, destruction. (caedo.)
+
++Caesar+, -ăris, _m._, Caesar.
+
++Cāĭŭs+, -i, _m._, Caius.
+
++callĭdĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, skill, cunning. (callidus.)
+
++campus+, -i, _m._, plain.
+
++cănis+, -is, _c._, dog. (κύων.)
+
++Cannensis+, -e, _adj._, of Cannae.
+
++căno+, cĕcĭni, cantum, 3 _v. a._, I sing, I play. cano tibiis = I play
+the flute.
+
++canto+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I sing, I play (frequentative form of
+cano.)
+
++cantor+, -ōris, _m._, singer, musician. (căno.)
+
++cantus+, -us, _m._, song, melody. (căno.)
+
++căpesso+, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 _v. a._, I strive for, undertake.
+(desiderative form fr. căpio.)
+
++căpio+, cēpi, captum, 3 _v. a._, I take. capio consilium, I form or
+adopt a plan.
+
++Căpĭtōlium+, -ii, _n._, the Capitol. (căput.)
+
++căpĭtālis+, -e, _adj._, relating to the caput, _i.e._ life or civil
+rights, capital. res capitalis, capital offence. (căput.)
+
++captīvus+, -i, _m._, captive, (căpio.)
+
++căput+, -ĭtis, _n._, head, life, civil rights. (Cf. κεφαλή.)
+
++carmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, song. (căno.)
+
++cassīta+, -ae, _f._, the crested lark, ălauda cristata, L. (cassis,
+a helmet.)
+
++castrum+, -i, _n._, fort; in _plur._, a camp. (Cf. căsa, hut.)
+
++cāsus+, -us, _m._, accident, case. (cădo, I fall, happen.)
+
++căterva+, -ae, _f._, troop, band, body of men.
+
++Căto+, -ōnis, _m._, Cato. (cătus, shrewd.)
+
++cauda+, -ae, _f._, tail.
+
++causa+, -ae, _f._, cause, reason, case.
+
++causā+, _abl._ of causa, for the sake of, with _genitive_.
+
++cautē+, _adv._, cautiously, (cautus.)
+
++cautus+, -a, -um, _part._ from căveo, careful.
+
++căveo+, cāvi, cautum, 2 _v. n._, I am on my guard, cautious.
+
++căverna+, -ae, _f._, cave, hollow. (căvus, hollow.)
+
++cēdo+, cessi, cessum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I yield, go away, depart.
+
++cĕlĕber+, -bris, -bre, _adj._, numerous, famous.
+
++cĕlĕrĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, speed. (cĕler.)
+
++cēlla+, -ae, _f._, shrine, part of temple in which the image of the god
+stood.
+
++cēlo+, 1 _v. a._, I conceal.
+
++censeo+, -ui, censum, 2 _v. a._, I assess, think, vote for, decree,
+resolve.
+
++censor+, -ōris, _m._, censor. (censeo.)
+
++centum+, _indecl. num. adj._, one hundred.
+
++certāmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, contest, competition. (certo, I strive.)
+
++cerva+, -ae, _f._, doe.
+
++cervix+, -īcis, _f._, neck.
+
++cessātor+, -ōris, _m._, loiterer. (cesso.)
+
++[cētĕrus]+, -a, -um, the other, the rest. The nom. sing. masc. is not
+in use.
+
++Chīlō+, -ōnis, _m._, Chilo. (Χείλων.)
+
++cĭbārius+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to food (cĭbus). res cibaria,
+provisions.
+
++cĭbus+, -i, _m._, food.
+
++cĭcātrix+, -īcis, _f._, scar.
+
++Cĭcĕro+, -ōnis, _m._, Cicero.
+
++cingo+, -nxi, -nctum, 3 _v. a._, I surround, gird on, clothe.
+
++circum+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, around.
+
++circum·fĕro+, -tŭli, -lātum, 3 _v. a._, I carry round, report.
+
++circum·fundo+, -fūdi, -fūsum, 3 _v. a._, I pour around, surround.
+
++circum·plector+, -plexus, 3 _v. dep. a._, I embrace, surround.
+
++circum·spĭcio+, -spexi, -spectum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I look around,
+survey.
+
++circum·volvo+, no perf., -vŏlūtum, 3 _v. a._, I roll round.
+
++circus+, -i, _m._ (κίρκος), circus.
+
++Cispius+ (mons), the Cispian hill.
+
++cĭtātus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. cĭto, urged on. citato cursu, at full
+speed.
+
++cĭto+, 1 _v. a._, I urge on. (frequentative form of cieo.)
+
++cīvis+, -is, _c._, citizen.
+
++cīvĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, state. (cīvis.)
+
++clāmor+, -ōris, _m._, shout, noise. (clāmo.)
+
++clandestīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, secret. (clam.)
+
++Claudius+, -ii, _m._, Claudius.
+
++claudo+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I shut. (Cf. clavis, key, κλείω.)
+
++coepi+, coepisse, 3 _v. a._, defective (the _pres._ coepio only in
+ante-classical writers.) _perf._ with _pres._ signific., I begin.
+
++cōgĭto+, 1 _v. a._, I meditate upon. (co, agito.)
+
++co·gnātus+, -a, -um, _adj._, related by blood; as _subst._, a kinsman.
+(co, gnatus for natus.)
+
++co·gnōmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, surname. (co, nōmen.)
+
++co·gnōmĭno+, 1 _v. a._, I surname.
+
++co·gnosco+, -gnōvi, -gnĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I become acquainted with,
+investigate a case. (nosco.)
+
++cōgo+, cŏēgi, cŏactum, 3 _v. a._, I drive together, compel, (co, ago.)
+
++col·lŏquor+, -lŏcūtus, 3 _v. dep._, I talk with.
+
++cŏlo+, cŏlui, cultum, 3 _v. a._, I cultivate. (Cf. ā̆grĭ-cŏla.)
+
++collum+, -i, _n._, neck.
+
++cŏma+, -ae, _f._, hair, foliage. (κόμη.)
+
++cŏmes+, -ĭtis, _c._, companion. (com, eo.)
+
++commentĭcius+, -a, -um, _adj._, pretended, false. (comminiscor.)
+
++cŏmĭtor+, 1 _v. dep._, I accompany. (cŏmes.)
+
++commentus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. commĭniscor.
+
++com·mĭniscor+, -mentus, 3 _v. dep._, I devise, invent. (Cf.
+re·miniscor.)
+
++cōmoedia+, -ae, _f._, comedy. (κωμῳδία.) certamina comoediarum,
+dramatic competitions.
+
++com·păro+, 1 _v. a._, prepare, procure.
+
++compĕtītor+, -ōris, _m._, rival, competitor. (com·peto.)
+
++com·plōro+, 1 _v. a._, I bewail violently.
+
++com·plūres+, -a, rarely -ia, _adj._, several.
+
++com·pōno+, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I place together, arrange,
+compose. litterae compositae, forged letters.
+
++con·cēdo+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I yield, grant, retire.
+
++con·cĭdo+, ĭdi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I fall down. (cădo.)
+
++con·cĭpio+, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I take to myself. concepta
+sanies, matter which has gathered in a wound. (căpio.)
+
++con·clāmo+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I cry out, shout together or loudly.
+
++con·demno+, 1 _v. a._, I sentence, condemn. (damno.)
+
++condĭcio+, -ōnis, _f._, agreement, conditions, terms, (con·dico.)
+
++con·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I bring together, build, lay up,
+hide.
+
++con·fĕro+, -tŭli, -lātum, or collātum, 3 _v. a._, I bring together,
+employ, attribute.
+
++con·fĭcio+, -fēci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I execute, finish. (făcio.)
+
++confīdentia+, -ae, _f._, boldness, confidence. (confīdo.)
+
++con·fīdo+, -fisus, 3 _v. n._, I trust in.
+
++con·firmo+, 1 _v. a._, I establish, confirm.
+
++confīsus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. confido, confident.
+
++con·formo+, 1 _v. a._, I shape.
+
++con·fūto+, 1 _v. a._, I restrain, silence. (futo, _intens._ form of
+fŏveo.)
+
++con·gĕro+, -gessi, -gestum, 3 _v. a._, I bring together. Absolutely
+(sc. nidum), I build a nest.
+
++con·grĕdior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I meet as friend, or foe,
+I attack. (gradior.)
+
++congressio+, -onis, _f._, meeting, attack. (congredior.)
+
++cōn·iĭcio+, -iēci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I throw together, hurl. (iăcio.)
+
++coniūrātio+, -ōnis, _f._, conspiracy. (con·iūro.)
+
++cōnor+, 1 _v. dep._, I attempt.
+
++con·scisco+, -scīvi, or -scii, -scītum, 3 _v. a._, I approve of.
+conscisco aliquid mihi, I adjudge something to myself; conscisco necem,
+mortem, mihi, I kill myself.
+
++consensus+, -us, _m._, consent, agreement. (consentio.)
+
++con·sĕquor+, -sĕcūtus, 3 _v. dep._, I follow after, attain, gain.
+
++con·sĕro+, -sēvi, -sĭtum, or -sătum, 3 _v. a._, I sow, plant.
+
++con·sīdo+, -sēdi, -sessum, 3 _v. n._, I sit down, encamp. (sĕdeo.)
+
++consĭlium+, -ii, _n._, plan, purpose. (con, root sul; cf. consul.)
+
++con·sisto+, -stĭti, stĭtum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I halt.
+
++consĭtus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. consĕro.
+
++conspectus+, -us, _m._, sight, view. (conspĭcio.)
+
++con·spĭcio+, -spexi, -spectum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I look at with
+attention, see.
+
++con·sterno+, 1 _v. a._, I stretch on ground, terrify.
+
++con·stĭtuo+, -ui, -ūtum, 3 _v. a._, I place (a thing) somewhere,
+station. (stătuo.)
+
++con·sŭesco+, -suēvi, -suētum, 3 _v. n._, I grow accustomed.
+
++consul+, -ŭlis, _m._, consul. (Cf. consĭlium.)
+
++consŭlāris+, -e, _adj._, consular.
+
++consŭlo+, -lui, -ltum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I reflect, I consult with.
+(Cf. consilium.)
+
++consulto+, 1 _v. a._, I deliberate upon, I debate. (frequentative form
+of consŭlo.)
+
++consultum+, -i, _n._, decision, decree. (consŭlo.)
+
++con·temno+, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 _v. a._, I despise.
+
++con·tendo+, -di, -tum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I strain after, strive for,
+assert.
+
++con·testor+, 1 _v. dep._, I call to witness. Contestor litem,
+I introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses. (testis.)
+
++con·tingo+, -tĭgi, -tactum, 3 _v. n._, I touch, reach to, happen.
+(tango.)
+
++contĭnuo+, _adv._, immediately. (continuus, fr. con·tineo.)
+
++contio+, ōnis, _f._, meeting, assembly. (for con·ventio, a coming
+together.)
+
++contrā+, _adv., prep. gov. acc._, against. contra dīco, I object to.
+appeal against sentence.
+
++con·tueor+, -tuitus, 2 _v. dep._, I gaze upon.
+
++contŭmēlia+, -ae, _f._, disgrace, ignominy. (root tem: cf. con·temno.)
+
++con·turbo+, 1 _v. a._, I throw into disorder. (turba.)
+
++con·vello+, -velli (rarely -vulsi), -vulsum, 3 _v. a._, I tear
+away, up.
+
++con·vĕnio+, -vēni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._ and _a._, I come together, agree
+with, meet.
+
++con·verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I turn round, manœuvre.
+
++con·vinco+, -vīci, -victum, 3 _v. a._, I completely conquer. I convict
+of (a crime).
+
++convīvium+, -ii, _n._, banquet. (vīvo.)
+
++cōpia+, -ae, _f._, plenty, supply; in _plur._, forces. (co, ops.)
+
++cōpiōsus+, -a, -um, _adj._ with _abl._, well supplied with.
+
++cor, cordis+, _n._, heart. (Cf. καρδία.)
+
++cōram+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. abl._, in the presence of.
+
++Cŏrinthius+, -a, -um, _adj._, Corinthian.
+
++Cŏrinthus+, -i, _f._, Corinth.
+
++cŏrōna+, -ae, _f._, wreath, garland. (κορώνη.)
+
++cŏrōno+, 1 _v. a._, I crown. (cŏrōna.)
+
++corpus+, -ŏris, _n._, body.
+
++cor·rĭgo+, -rexi, -rectum, 3 _v. a._, I make straight, correct. (con,
+rego.)
+
++Cŏruncānius+, -ii, Coruncanius.
+
++Corvīnus+, -i, _m._, Corvinus. (corvus.)
+
++corvus+, -i, _m._, raven. (κόραξ.)
+
++cŏtīdĭānus+ (or +quŏtīdĭānus+), -a, -um, _adj._, daily. (cŏtīdĭē.)
+
++cras+, _adv._, to-morrow.
+
++Crassus+, -i, _m._, Crassus.
+
++crēdo+, -dĭdi, -ditum, 3 _v. a._, I entrust, I trust in, I believe.
+Used absolutely, I suppose.
+
++crēdŭlĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, easiness of belief, credulity, (crēdŭlus,
+crēdo.)
+
++crīmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, charge, accusation.
+
++Crŏtōniensis+, -e, _adj._, of Crotona.
+
++crŭcĭātus+, -us, _m._, torture, (crŭcio, crux.)
+
++cruentus+, -a, -um, _adj._, stained with blood. (cruor.)
+
++cruor+, -ōris, _m._, gore, blood which has flowed from wounds.
+
++crūs, crūrĭs+, _n._, leg.
+
++cŭbĭcŭlum+, -i, _m._, a resting or sleeping room, (cŭbo.)
+
++cūius+, -a, -um, _interrog._ and _relat. adj. pron._, whose? or whose.
+(qui.)
+
++cultus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. colo, cultivated, civilized.
+
++cum+ (or +quum+), _conj._, when, since, if, although.
+
++cum+, _prep. gov. abl._, with.
+
++cunctābundus+, -a, -um, lingering, (cunctor.)
+
++cunctor+, 1 _v. dep._, I loiter, linger.
+
++cunctus+, -a, -um, _adj._, all in a body, all. (for con·iunctus.)
+
++cŭneus+, -i, _m._, wedge, wedge-shaped body of troops.
+
++cŭpĭdus+, -a, -um, _adj._, eager, desirous, proud of (with gen.)
+(cŭpio.)
+
++cūr+, _adv._ and _conj._, why, wherefore.
+
++cūra+, -ae, _f._, care, anxiety.
+
++cūria+, -ae, _f._, senate-house. (Quiris, Cures.)
+
++Cŭrius+, -ii, _m._, Curius.
+
++cūro+, 1 _v. a._, I take care of. With gerundive, cf. vii. 3. note.
+Curo puerum docendum, I get the boy taught. (cūra.)
+
++currus+, -us, _m._, chariot. (curro.)
+
++cursus+, -us, _m._, running, race, course. Cĭtato cursu, at full speed.
+(curro.)
+
++custōdio+, 4 _v. a._, I guard. (custos.)
+
++custos+, -ōdis, _c._, guard.
+
+
++damno+, 1 _v. a._, I condemn. (damnum, hurt, loss.)
+
++de+, _prep. gov. abl._, concerning, from.
+
++dēbeo+, 2 _v. a._, I owe. (de, hăbeo.)
+
++dēbĭlis+, -e, _adj._, lamed, feeble. (de, habilis.)
+
++dĕcem+, _numer._, ten.
+
++dē·cerno+, -crēvi, -crētum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I determine, decide;
+of the senate, I pass a decree.
+
++dē·cīdo+, -cīdi, -cīsum. 3 _v. a._, I cut off. (caedo.)
+
++de·clāmo+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I exercise myself in speaking, declaim.
+
++de·clāro+, 1 _v. a._, I show, proclaim.
+
++dĕcŏro+, 1 _v. a._, I adorn. (dĕcus, ornament, glory.)
+
++dēdĭtio+, -ōnis, _f._, surrender. (dēdo.)
+
++dē·dūco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I lead away, withdraw, bring down.
+
++dē·fendo+, -di, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I ward off, keep off.
+
++dēfensor+, -ōris, _m._, defender. (dēfendo.)
+
++dē·fĕro+, -tŭli, -lātum, 3 _v. a._, I bring down, hand over.
+
++dē·fīo+, -fectus, -fĭĕri, _v. n._ (used as _passive_ of dēfĭcio), I am
+wanting, I fail.
+
++dēformĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, ugliness, deformity. (dē·formis, ugly. Cf.
+forma.)
+
++dē·iĭcio+, -iēci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I throw down. (iăcio.)
+
++deīnceps+ (dissyl.), or +dĕïnceps+, _adv._, next, following. (deinde.)
+
++deīndĕ+ (dissyl.), or +dĕīndĕ+, _adv._, then, thereupon.
+
++dēlecto+, 1 _v. a._, I delight. (intens. of delĭcio.)
+
++dē·lĭgo+, -lēgi, -lectum, 3 _v. a._, I choose out, select. (lĕgo.)
+
++dē·līro+, 1 _v. n._, I rave. (de, lira, out of the furrow.)
+
++dē·lĭtesco+, -tui, 3 _v. n._, I lie hid, conceal myself. (lătesco,
+inceptive of lăteo.)
+
++delphīnus+, -i, _m._, dolphin. (δελφίς.)
+
++Dēmādēs+, -is, _m._, Demades. (Δημάδης.)
+
++de·mĕto+, -messui, -messum, 3 _v. a._, I reap, mow.
+
++dē·mīror+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I wonder at.
+
++dē·mŏror+, 1 _v. dep._, I linger.
+
++Dēmosthĕnes+, -is and -i, _m._, Demosthenes. (Δημοσθένης.)
+
++dē·mulceo+, -mulsi, -mulctum, 2 _v. a._, I stroke down, caress.
+
++dēmum+, _adv._, at last. (de.)
+
++dēnĭquĕ+, _adv._, and then, finally. (de.)
+
++Dentātus+, -i, _m._, Dentatus.
+
++dēnuo+, _adv._, again. (For de novo.)
+
++dē·pŏpŭlor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I ravage.
+
++dē·pŭto+, 1 _v. a._ I cut off, prune.
+
++de·rīdeo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. a._, I laugh at.
+
++de·scisco+, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 _v. n._, I withdraw, revolt from,
+abandon; with _prep._ ab and _abl._
+
++dē·sĕro+, -rui, -rtum, 3 _v. a._, I desert, abandon. (Lit., I undo,
+sever; sero, I join.)
+
++dēsertus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. dēsĕro, lonely, desert.
+
++dē·sīdĕro+, 1 _v. a._, I long for.
+
++dē·sĭlio+, -ĭlui, -ultum, 4 _v. n._, I leap down, (sălio.)
+
++dē·sĭno+, -sii, rarely -sīvi, -sĭtum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I give up,
+cease.
+
++dē·sĭpio+, no perf. or sup., -ere, _v. n._, I act foolishly, I am
+foolish, (săpio.)
+
++dēsĭtus+, -a, -um, _part._ of desĭno, obsolete, disused.
+
++dē·spĭcio+, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I look down upon,
+despise.
+
++dē·sum+, -fui, -esse, _v. n._, I am wanting.
+
++dē·tĕgo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I uncover, discover.
+
++dē·tergeo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. a._, I wipe off.
+
++dē·trăho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I take away.
+
++dē·trunco+, 1 _v. a._, I lop, cut off.
+
++dĕ·ūro+, -ussi, -ustum, 3 _v. a._, I burn up.
+
++deus+, -i, _m._, god.
+
++dē·vĕho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I carry away, carry down.
+
++dē·vĕnio+, -vēni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I come from, I go to, arrive at.
+
++dexter+, -tĕra, -tĕrum, and tra, trum, _adj._, on the right side,
+right. (δεξιός.)
+
++Diāna+, -ae, _f._, Diana.
+
++dĭcio+, -ōnis, _f._, rule, jurisdiction. (Cf. dico, condicio.)
+
++dīco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I say, tell, call.
+
++dictum+, -i, _n._, saying, command, (dīco.)
+
++dī·dūco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I draw apart, separate.
+
++dies+, -ei, _m._ (in _sing. com._), day.
+
++dif·fero+, distŭli, dīlātum, 3 _v. a._, I carry away, put off.
+
++dif·fīcĭlis+, -e, _adj._, difficult, hard. (făcĭlis.)
+
++dī·gĕro+, -gessi, -gestum, 3 _v. a._, I separate, disperse, dissipate.
+
++dĭgĭtus+, -i, _m._, finger.
+
++dignĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, rank, dignity. (dignus.)
+
++dignus+, -a, -um, _adj._, worthy.
+
++dī·grĕdior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I go away. (grădior.)
+
++dī·lăcĕro+, 1 _v. a._, I tear to pieces.
+
++dīlūcesco+, luxi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I begin to grow light. (Inceptive
+form of dilūceo.)
+
++dīlūcĭdē+, _adv._, clearly. (dilūceo, lux.)
+
++dīmĭdium+, -ii, _n._, half, (di, medius.)
+
++dī·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I send away, dismiss.
+
++dī·rĭgo+, -rexi, -rectum, 3 _v. a._, I arrange in a straight line,
+I direct to.
+
++dis·cēdo+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I depart, go away.
+
++di·scindo+, -scĭdi, -scissum, 3 _v. a._, I tear asunder, cut open.
+
++discī̆plīna+, -ae, _f._, teaching, knowledge, tactics, custom.
+(discĭpŭlus, disco.)
+
++discĭpŭlus+, -i, _m._, disciple, follower. (disco.)
+
++disco+, dĭdĭci, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I learn. (Root da: cf. διδάσκω,
+doceo.)
+
++dissĭmŭlanter+, _adv._, secretly. (dissĭmŭlo.)
+
++dĭū+, _adv._, for a long time. (dies.)
+
++dī·vello+, -velli, rarely -vulsi, -vulsum, 3 _v. a._, I tear asunder.
+
++dīves+, -ĭtis, _adj._, rich.
+
++dīvīnĭtus+, _adv._, from heaven, by divine providence or influence.
+(dīvus, deus.)
+
++dīvīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, divine. (dīvus, deus.)
+
++do+, dĕdi, dătum, dăre, _v. a._, I give. (Cf. δίδωμι dōnum.)
+
++dŏceo+, -cui, -ctum, 2 _v. a._, I teach. (Cf. disco.)
+
++dŏleo+, -ui, -ĭtum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I grieve, I grieve for.
+
++dŏlor+, -ōris, _m._, pain, grief. (dŏleo.)
+
++dŏmi+, _adv._, at home. Locative case of dŏmus.
+
++dŏmus+, -us, _f._, home, house. (δόμος, root dem, to build.)
+
++dōnĕc+, _conj._, until.
+
++dōno+, 1 _v. a._, I give, I present. (do.)
+
++dōnum+, -i, _n._, gift, (do.)
+
++dorsum+, -i, _n._, back.
+
++dŭbĭto+, 1 _v. a._, I hesitate.
+
++dŭbius+, -a, -um, _adj._, doubtful. Dŭbio prŏcul, without doubt.
+
++dum+, _conj._, whilst, until.
+
++dŭŏ+, -ae, -ŏ, _numer._, two. (δύο.)
+
++dŭŏ·dē·vīginti+, _numer._, eighteen.
+
++dūrus+, -a, -um, _adj._, hard, harsh.
+
++dux, dŭcis+, _m._, leader. (dūco.)
+
+
++e, ex+, _prep. gov. abl._, out of, from. Ex republica, to the advantage
+of the state.
+
++ĕdo+, ēdi, ēsum, 3 _v. a._, I eat. (Cf. ĕdax, ἔδω, ἐσθίω.)
+
++ecquĭs+, ecquĭd, _interrog. subst. pron._, whether any?
+
++ē·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I give forth, bring forth, produce,
+utter, form, raise.
+
++ē·dūco+, 1 _v. a._, I rear, educate.
+
++ef·fĕro+, ex·tŭli, ē·lātum, 3 _v. a._, I bring out.
+
++ef·fĭcio+, -fēci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I bring to pass, accomplish. (ex,
+făcio.)
+
++ĕgŏ+, _pers. pron._, I.
+
++ĕgŏ·mĕt+, I myself.
+
++ē·grĕdior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I go out, I leave. (grădior.)
+
++ēgrĕgĭus+, -a, -um, _adj._, distinguished, eminent. (e, grex, chosen
+from the herd.)
+
++Ēlectra+, -ae, _f._, Electra. (Ἠλέκτρα.)
+
++ĕlĕphantus+, -i, _m._, elephant. (ἐλέφας.)
+
++ēlŏquentia+, -ae, _f._, eloquence. (ēlŏquor.)
+
++ē·lūdo+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I mock, jeer at.
+
++ē·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I send out.
+
++ĕmo+, ēmi, emptum, 3 _v. a._, I buy.
+
++emptio+, -ōnis, _f._, purchase, buying. (ĕmo.)
+
++ĕnim+, _conj._, for. sed enim, but indeed.
+
++Ennius+, -ii, _m._, Ennius.
+
++ē·nuntio+, 1 _v. a._, I declare, mention.
+
++eo+, īvi or ii, ĭtum, īre, 4 _v. n._, I go. (Root i; cf. εῖμι.)
+
++eo+, _adv._, thither, for that reason, therefore. (is.)
+
++ĕphippium+, -ii, _n._, saddle, horse caparison. (ἐφίππιον, from ἐπὶ,
+ἵππος.)
+
++ĕpŭlae+, -arum, _f._, feast, banquet. (In _sing._ ĕpŭlum, -i, _n._)
+
++ĕquĭtātus, -us+, _m._, cavalry. (ĕquus.)
+
++ĕquŭs+, -i, _m._, horse. (ἵππος.)
+
++ergo+, _adv._, therefore.
+
++ē·rŭbesco+, -bui, no sup., 3 _v. n. incep._, I grow red, blush.
+
++ĕt+, _conj._, and.
+
++ĕtĭam+, _conj._, also, even.
+
++ĕtĭam·si+, _conj._, even if.
+
++Euander+, -dri, _m._, Evander.
+
++Euathlus+, -i, _m._, Euathlus.
+
++ēverto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I overthrow.
+
++exanguĭs+, or +exsanguis+, -e, _adj._, bloodless, lifeless. (ex,
+sanguis.)
+
++ex·ănĭmātus+, _part._, from ex-ănĭmo, lifeless.
+
++ex·ănĭmo+, 1 _v. a._, I deprive of life. (anima.)
+
++ex·cīdo+, -cīdi, -cīsum, 3 _v. a._, I cut out, off. (caedo.)
+
++excĭto+, 1 _v. a._, I arouse. (Freq. form of excio.)
+
++ex·clāmo+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I cry out, exclaim.
+
++ex·eo, -ivi or ii, -ĭtum, -ire+, 4 _v. n._, I go out.
+
++ex·erceo, -ui, -ĭtum+, 2 _v. a._, I drive on, I practise. (arceo.)
+
++exercĭtus+, -us, _m._, army. (exerceo.)
+
++exerto+, or +exserto+, no perf. and sup., 1 _v. a._, I thrust out. (ex,
+serto, freq. of sĕro.)
+
++ex·ĭgo+, -ēgi, -actum, 3 _v. a._, I drive out. (ăgo.)
+
++exĭlium+, or +exsilium+, -ii, _n._, exile. (exul.)
+
++exĭmius+, -a, -um, _adj._, extraordinary, uncommon. (eximo, I take out
+of the mass.)
+
++ex·istĭmo+, 1 _v. a._, I judge, consider. (aestimo.)
+
++exĭtus+, -us, _m._, going out, departure. (exeo.)
+
++ex·ordior+, -orsus, 4 _v. dep. a._, I begin.
+
++ex·pecto+, or +ex·specto+, 1 _v. a._, I look for. (ex, specto.)
+
++ex·pĕrior, -pertus+, 4 _v. dep._, I try.
+
++ex·pīro+, or +ex·spīro+, 1 _v. a._, I breathe out. (ex, spiro.)
+
++ex·pōno+, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I set forth, explain.
+
++ex·prĭmo+, -pressi, -pressum, 3 _v. a._, I press out. (prĕmo.)
+
++ex·prōmo+, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 _v. a._, I bring forth, utter.
+
++extemplo+, _adv._, immediately.
+
++ex·to+, or +ex·sto+, no perf. and sup., -are, _v. n._, I stand forth,
+appear. (ex, sto.)
+
++extrā+, _prep. gov. acc._, outside. Extra tela, out of range.
+
++extrēmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, outermost, furthest. Extremâ nocte,
+at the very end of night. Superl. degree from [exter and extĕrus,
+post-classical], extĕrior, extrēmus, and extĭmus. (ex.)
+
++ex·urgo+, or +ex·surgo+, exurrexi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I rise up. (ex,
+surgo.)
+
++exūro+, -ussi, -ustum, 3 _v. a._, I burn up.
+
+
++Făbius+, -ii, _m._, Fabius.
+
++Fābrĭcius+, -ii, _m._, Fabricius.
+
++fābŭla+, -ae, _f._, fable, story. (fāri, to say.)
+
++făcĭlis+, -e, _adj._, easy, good-natured. (făcio.)
+
++făcĭnus+, -ŏris, _n._, deed, crime. (făcio.)
+
++făcio+, fēci, factum, făcĕre, 3 _v. a._, I make, do. Facio cum aliquo,
+I take part with anyone.
+
++factum+, -i, _n._, deed. (făcio.)
+
++fācundia+, -ae, _f._, eloquence. (fāri, to say.)
+
++fallo+, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 _v. a._, I deceive. (σφάλλω, ἀ·σφαλής.)
+
++falsus+, -a, -um, _adj._, false. (fallo.)
+
++falx+, falcis, _f._, sickle.
+
++fāma+, -ae, _f._, renown. (fāri, to say.)
+
++fămĭlia+, -ae (old gen. -as), _f._, the slaves in a household,
+a household.
+
++fămĭliāris+, -e, _adj._, belonging to a household (fămĭlia), intimate;
+as _subst._, friend.
+
++Făvōrīnus+, -i, _m._, Favorinus.
+
++fēcundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fruitful.
+
++fēlīcĭter+, happily: fēlīcius, fēlīcissime. (fēlix.)
+
++fēlix+, fēlīcis, _adj._, happy, rich.
+
++fĕra+, -ae, _f._, wild beast. (ferus.)
+
++fĕrē+, _adv._, almost.
+
++fĕrīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of wild beasts. (fĕrus.)
+
++fermē+, _adv._, nearly, about, usually. (Cf. fere.)
+
++fĕro+, tŭli, lātum, ferre, 3 _v. a._, I bear; I tell, say. (φέρω,
+tollo.)
+
++fĕrox+, +fĕrōcis+, _adj._, fierce. (Cf. ferus.)
+
++fĕrus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wild. (Cf. ferox.)
+
++fervo+, -vi, no sup., 3, _v. n._, I grow hot; commoner form, ferveo,
+-bui, no sup., 2.
+
++festīno+, 1, _v. n._ and _a._, I hasten.
+
++fētus+, -us, _m._, brood, offspring.
+
++fĭdes+, -ei, _f._, faith, trustworthiness. (fīdo.)
+
++fĭdes+, -is, _f._, string, stringed instrument, lyre; usually in plural
+only.
+
++fīdūcia+, -ae, _f._, trust, courage. (fido.)
+
++fīlius+, -ii, _m._, son.
+
++fingo+, -nxi, -nctum, 3 _v. a._, I form, fashion.
+
++fīo+, factus, fiĕri, _v. n._, (used as pass. of facio), I am made,
+become.
+
++firmo+, 1 _v. a._, I strengthen. (firmus.)
+
++flāgĭtium+, -ii, _n._, shameful act, disgrace. (flāgĭto.)
+
++flăgro+, 1 _v. n._, I burn, blaze.
+
++flāvesco+, no perf. and sup., 3 _v. n._, I become yellow. (Inceptive
+form of flāveo.)
+
++flecto+, -xi, -xum, 3 _v. a._, I bend.
+
++flōs+, -ōris, _m._, flower.
+
++fluctus+, -us, _m._, wave. (fluo.)
+
++fluito+, 1 _v. n._, I float. (Intensitive form of fluo.)
+
++fŏcŭlus+, -i, _m._, little hearth, brazier. (diminutive of focus.)
+
++fŏris+, _adv._, out of doors, (fŏris, a door.)
+
++formīdo+, -ĭnis, _f._, fear.
+
++fors+, +fortis+, _f._, chance.
+
++fortĕ+, _adv._, by chance. (abl. of fors.)
+
++fortis+, -e, _adj._, brave.
+
++fortĭter+, _adv._, bravely. (fortis.)
+
++fortĭtūdo+, -ĭnis, _f._, bravery. (fortis.)
+
++fortuī̆tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, accidental. (fors.)
+
++frāter+, -tris, _m._, brother. (φράτηρ, clansman.)
+
++fraudŭlentus+, -a, -um, _adj._, deceitful. (fraus.)
+
++fraus+, fraudis, _f._, deceit.
+
++fraxĭnus+, -i, _f._, ash tree.
+
++frĕmĭtus+, -us, _m._, roaring (frĕmo.)
+
++frēnum+, -i, _n._, bridle, bit.
+
++frons+, frondis, _f._, leafy branch, foliage.
+
++frūges+, -um. Cf. frux.
+
++frūmentum+, -i, _n._, corn. (For frugĭmentum, cf. frux, fruor.)
+
++frustrā+, _adv._, in vain. (Cf. fraus.)
+
++frux+, frūgis, _f._, fruit. Nom. sing. rare; more common in plural.
+(Cf. fruor.)
+
++fŭga+, -ae, _f._, flight, (fŭgio, φεύγω.)
+
++fŭgĭtīvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fugitive. (fŭgio.)
+
++fulgeo+, fulsi, no sup., 2 _v. n._, I glitter. (Cf. fulgur, lightning.)
+
++fundo+, fūdi, fūsum, 3 _v. a._, I pour out, scatter.
+
++fundus+, -i, _m._, farm.
+
++furtim+, _adv._, secretly. (fur, thief.)
+
++fūsus+. Cf. fundo.
+
+
++gălea+, -ae, _f._, helmet.
+
++Gallĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to Gaul, Gallic.
+
++Gallus+, -i, _m._, a Gaul.
+
++Gellius+, -ii, _m._, Gellius.
+
++gĕmĭtus+, -us, _m._, groan. (gĕmo.)
+
++gens+, gentis, _f._, clan, race, nation. (Cf. gigno, genus.)
+
++gĕnus+, -ĕris, _n._, race, kind. (γένος, gens, gigno.)
+
++gĕro+, gessi, gestum, 3 _v. a._, I bear, I carry on.
+
++gesto+, 1 _v. a._, I carry. (Intens. of gĕro.)
+
++gigno+, gĕnui, gĕnĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I produce. (Cf. gens, genus.)
+
++glădius+, -ii, _m._, sword.
+
++glōria+, -ae, _f._, renown, glory.
+
++Graecē+, _adv._, in Greek.
+
++Graecia+, -ae, _f._, Greece.
+
++grāmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, grass.
+
++grāmĭneus+, -a, -um, _adj._, made of grass. (grāmen.)
+
++grandis+, -e, _adj._, great, large, abundant. Grandis natu, advanced in
+age.
+
++grātia+, -ae, _f._, favour, influence, gratitude, thanks: with agere in
+plural only. In abl. gratiâ, for the sake of, with gen. (gratus.)
+
++grātŭlātio+, -onis, _f._, rejoicing, congratulation. (grātŭlor.)
+
++grātŭlor+, 1 _v. dep._, I congratulate, give thanks. (grātus.)
+
++gŭla+, -ae, _f._, throat.
+
+
++hăbeo+, 2 _v. a._, I have.
+
++hăbĭto+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I inhabit, dwell in. (Intensitive of
+hăbeo.)
+
++haereo+, haesi, haesum, 2 _v. n._, I stick to.
+
++Hannĭbal+, -ălis, _m._, Hannibal.
+
++haud+, _adv._, not.
+
++haurio+, hausi, haustum, 4 _v. a._, I draw up, drink, tear open, wound.
+
++haut+ (or +haud+), _adv._, not.
+
++haut·quā·quam+, or +haud·qua·quam+, _adv._, by no means.
+
++Hercles+ (or Hercŭles), -is and -i. _m._, Hercules. For form Hercle,
+cf. iii. 1. note.
+
++hīc, haec, hōc+, _demonstr. pron._, this.
+
++hīc+, _adv._, here.
+
++hĭlăris+, -e, _adj._, merry, amusing.
+
++hinc+, _adv._, hence. (hic.)
+
++hio+, 1 _v. n._, I open my mouth, gape. Rimis hiantem, with wide open
+clefts, lit., gaping open with clefts.
+
++Hispānia+, -ae, _f._, Spain.
+
++Hispānĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Spanish.
+
++histrio+, -ōnis, _m._, actor. (Etruscan word hister, an actor.)
+
++hŏdiē+, _adv._, to-day. (hoc die.)
+
++hŏdiernus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of this day. (hŏdie.)
+
++hŏmo+, -ĭnis, _m._, man. (Cf. hūmānus.)
+
++hŏnestus+, -a, -um, _adj._, honourable, proper, respectable. (hŏnor.)
+
++hŏnor+, or +hŏnos+, -ōris, _m._, honour.
+
++Hŏrātius+, -ii, _m._, Horatius.
+
++hortor+, 1 _v. dep._, I encourage, urge. (Cf. ὄρνυμι, ὁρμή.)
+
++hospes+, -ĭtis, _m._, host, guest, stranger. (Cf. hostis, stranger,
+enemy.)
+
++hospĭta+, -ae, _f._ (feminine form of hospes,) female host, guest,
+stranger.
+
++hostis+, -is, _c._, enemy.
+
++hūius·cĕ·mŏdi+, and +hūius·mŏdi+, of this kind. (Cf. mŏdus.)
+
++hŭmĕrus+, -i, _m._, shoulder.
+
++hŭmĭlis+, -e, _adj._, low, humble, insignificant. (hŭmus, ground.)
+
+
++iăcio, iĕci, iactum+, 3 _v. a._, I throw.
+
++iam+, _adv._, already, now.
+
++ĭbī̆+, _adv._, there, thereupon. (is.)
+
++ĭbī̆dem+, _adv._, in the same place, immediately. (ibi, dem. cf. idem.)
+
++ictus+, -us, _m._, blow, stroke. (Obsolete _present_, ico and icio,
+I strike.)
+
++idcirco+, _adv._, therefore. (id-circo.)
+
++īdem+, +ĕădem+, +ĭdem+, _pron._, same. (is, and suffix dem.)
+
++ĭdōneus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fit.
+
++ĭgĭtur+, _conj._, then, therefore. (is, and suffix tur.)
+
++ignāvia+, -ae, _f._, cowardice. (in-gnāvus, lazy, cowardly; from navus,
+or gnavus, busy.)
+
++ignis+, -is, _m._, fire.
+
++ignōmĭnia+, -ae, _f._, disgrace. (in-nōmen, or gnōmen, loss of good
+name.)
+
++ignōro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I am ignorant of. (ignārus, for in-gnarus
+or -narus.)
+
++i·gnosco+, -nōvi, nōtum, 3 _v. a._, I pardon, overlook. (in-gnosco or
+-nosco.)
+
++i·gnōtus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unknown. (in·gnotus or notus.)
+
++īlex+, -ĭcis, _f._, holm-oak, or great scarlet oak. Quercus ilex L.
+
++īlĭco+ (or illico), _adv._, on the spot, immediately. (in, loco.)
+
++illĕ+, illă, illŭd, _demonstr. pron._, that, he.
+
++illīc+, _adv._, in that place, there. (ille, ce.)
+
++im·mōbĭlis+, -e, _adj._, motionless. (in, mŏveo.)
+
++impĕdio+, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 4 _v. a._, I hinder. (in, pes.)
+
++impĕrātor+, -ōris, _m._, general. (impĕro.)
+
++impĕrium+, -ii, _n._, command, empire. (impĕro.)
+
++impĕro+, 1 _v. a._, I command, I rule over (dat.).
+
++impetro+, 1 _v. a._, I accomplish, obtain.
+
++impĕtus+, -us, _m._, attack, force. (in·peto, I rush upon.)
+
++im·mītis+, -e, _adj._, stern.
+
++in+, _prep. gov. acc._ and _abl._, in, into, on, against.
+
++in·cēdo+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I approach.
+
++incendium+, -ii, _n._, fire. (in-cendo, fr. in, candeo.)
+
++in·cīdo+, -cīdi, -cīsum, 3 _v. a._, I cut into, cut through, open. (in,
+caedo.)
+
++in·cĭpio+, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I begin. (in, căpio, I seize
+upon.)
+
++in·clūdo+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I shut in. (claudo.)
+
++in·cognĭtus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unknown. (in·cognosco.)
+
++in·cŏlŭmis+, -e, _adj._, uninjured, safe.
+
++in·cruentus+, -a, -um, _adj._, bloodless. (cruor.)
+
++in·curro+, -curri or -cŭcurri, cursum, 3 _v. n._, I rush into, rush
+against, attack.
+
++incursio+, -ōnis, _f._, inroad, attack. (in·curro.)
+
++indĕ+, _adv._, thence, thenceforward. (is.)
+
++in·dīco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I proclaim.
+
++Indĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Indian.
+
++in·dignus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unworthy.
+
++in·dūco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I bring in, exhibit.
+
++induo+, -ui, -ūtum, 3 _v. a._, I put on. (ἐνδύω.)
+
++ineptus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unsuitable, foolish. (in, aptus.)
+
++ĭn·explĭcābĭlis+, -e, _adj._, hard to unfold, understand, intricate.
+(in, ex, plico, I fold.)
+
++infĭtiae+, -arum, _f._, denial. Only used in _acc. plur._ in phrase
+infitias ire, to deny. (infateor.)
+
++in·flo+, 1 _v. a._, I blow into or upon.
+
++informis+, -e, _adj._, shapeless. (forma.)
+
++infrā+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, below. (For inferă, _sc._
+parte.)
+
++in·fringo+, -frēgi, -fractum, 3 _v. a._, I break in upon, break.
+(frango.)
+
++ingĕnium+, -ii, _n._, nature, talent, genius. (in, gigno.)
+
++ingens+, -entis, _adj._, immense.
+
++in·grātus+, -a, -um, _adj._, ungrateful.
+
++in·grĕdior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I step into, advance. (grădior.)
+
++ĭn·ĭmīcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, hostile; as _subst._, an enemy. (in,
+ămīcus.)
+
++in·īquus+, -a, -um, unequal, unfair, dangerous. (in, aequus.)
+
++in·iūrātus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unsworn, relieved from oath. (in, iūro.)
+
++iniūria+, -ae, _f._, wrong, insult. (in, ius.)
+
++inlĕcĕbra+, or +illĕcĕbra+, -ae, _f._, attraction, allurement.
+(illicio.)
+
++inlustris+, or +illustris+, -e, _adj._, famous. (inlustro, I make
+light.)
+
++inmānis+, or +immanis+, -e, _adj._, fierce. (in, mānus, old Latin
+word = bonus: cf. manes, good spirits.)
+
++inmensus+, -a, -um, _adj._, immeasurable. (metior.)
+
++inmĕrĭto+, _adv._, undeservedly. (in, mereo.)
+
++in·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I send in, thrust in, carry in,
+incite or suborn against. Used absolutely, sc. equum, urge horse
+forward, vi. 9.
+
++in·mortālis+, or +im·mortālis+, -e, _adj._, immortal.
+
++in·ŏpīnātus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unexpected. (in, ŏpīnor.)
+
++in·pĕrītus+, -a, -um, unskilled.
+
++in·perfectus+, -a, -um, _adj._, not thoroughly finished, unfinished.
+(făcio.)
+
++in·plūmis+, -e, _adj._, unfeathered, unfledged. (plūma.)
+
++in·pōno+, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I place on.
+
++inquam+, _v. n._, defective, I say.
+
++in·quīro+, -sīvi, -sītum, 3 _v. a._, I search into, examine, (in,
+quaero.)
+
++in·rīdeo+, -rīsi, -rīsum, 2 _v. a._ and _n._, I laugh at.
+
++insānia+, -ae, _f._, madness. (sānus.)
+
++in·scendo+, -endi, -ensum, 3 _v. a._, I climb up, mount. (scando.)
+
++in·sĭdeo+, -sēdi, -sessum, 2 _v. n._, I sit on, occupy, (sĕdeo.)
+
++in·sĭdiae+, -arum, _f._, _plur. only_, ambush, treachery. (insĭdeo.)
+
++insigne+, -is, _n._, badge, ornament. (in·signis, distinguished by a
+mark, signum.)
+
++in·sisto+, -stiti, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I stand on, rest on, persist.
+
++in·sŏlens+, -entis, _adj._, unaccustomed to, with gen. (in, sŏleo.)
+
++insŏlenter+, _adv._, haughtily. (in·solens.)
+
++in·specto+, 1 _v. a._, I look upon. (Frequentative of in·spicio, from
+specio.)
+
++instinctus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. instinguo.
+
++instinguo+, -nxi, -nctum, 3 _v. a._, I incite. (Only in perf. part.
+pass. in classical writers.)
+
++instĭtuo+, -ui, -ūtum, 3 _v. a._, I determine. (stătuo.)
+
++in·sto+, -stĭti, no sup., 1 _v. n._, I stand upon, press upon, insist.
+
++in·struo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I build upon, I draw up, arrange.
+
++in·suesco+, -ēvi, -ētum, 3 _v. n._, I am accustomed.
+
++insŭla+, -ae, _f._, island, lodging-house.
+
++intĕger+, -gra, -gram, _adj._, untouched, sound. (tango.)
+
++intellĕgo+, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._, I perceive, understand. (inter,
+lĕgo.)
+
++inter+, _prep. gov. acc._, between, among.
+
++intĕr·ĕā+, _adv._, meanwhile. (inter·ea, from is.)
+
++inter·dīco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I forbid.
+
++intĕr·eo+, -ii, -ĭtum, 4 _v. n._, I die. (Lit., I go among several
+things, and so, disappear.)
+
++inter·fĭcio+, -fēci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I kill. (făcio, lit., I put
+between.)
+
++intĕrim+, _adv._, meanwhile. (inter, im old acc. of is.)
+
++interĭtus+, -us, _m._, ruin, death. (intereo.)
+
++interpres+, -ĕtis, _com._, interpreter.
+
++inter·rŏgo+, 1 _v. a._, I question, ask.
+
++intĭmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, inmost, superlative from [intĕrus, not
+found; cf. inter and intra], intĕrior.
+
++intrā+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, within.
+
++in·trĕpĭdus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fearless.
+
++intrō·dūco+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I bring in, introduce.
+
++intrŏ·eo+, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, 4 _v. n._, I go in, enter.
+
++intrō·grĕdior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I step in, enter. (grădior.)
+
++intrō·rumpo+, -rūpi, -ruptum, 3 _v. n._, I burst into.
+
++in·vĕnio+, -vēni, -ventum, 4 _v. a._, I come upon, find.
+
++in·vīsus+, -a, -um, _adj._, hated. (in·vĭdeo, I look at with evil eye,
+hate.)
+
++ipse+, -a, -um, _demonstr. pron._, himself, herself, itself.
+
++īra+, -ae, _f._, anger.
+
++is, ea, id+, _demonstr. pron._, that, he, she, it.
+
++istĕ+, -a, -ŭd, _demonstr. pron._, that of yours, that near you.
+
++istic+, -aec, -oc or -uc, _demonstr. pron._, that of yours, that near
+you. (For iste·ce.)
+
++ĭta+, _adv._, thus, so.
+
++Ītălia+, -ae, _f._, Italy.
+
++ĭtem+, _adv._, likewise, also. (is.)
+
++ĭter+, itĭnĕris, _n._, journey. (eo.)
+
++ĭtĕrum+, _adv._, a second time, again. (Acc. sing. of comparative form
+from is.)
+
++ĭtĭdem+, _adv._, in like manner. (ita, dem.)
+
++iŭbeo+, iussi, iussum, 2 _v. a._, I order.
+
++iūcunde+, _adv._, pleasantly. (iūcundus.)
+
++iūcundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, pleasant, delightful. (iŏcus.)
+
++iūdex+, -ĭcis, _m._, judge. (ius, dīco.)
+
++iūdĭco+, 1 _v. a._, I judge, decide. (ius, dīco.)
+
++Iūliānus+, -i, _m._, Julian.
+
++Iūpĭter+ (or Iuppĭter), Iŏvis, _m._, Jupiter, Jove. (Iovis pater: cf.
+Ζεύς πατήρ. Iovis from root div, bright.)
+
++iūro+ and iūror (_dep_.), 1 _v. a._, I swear. (ius.)
+
++iūs+, iūris, _n._, right, law, justice. (Root iu, join: cf. ζεύγνυμι.)
+
++ius·iurandum+, iuris·iurandi, _n._, oath. (ius, iūro.)
+
++iustus+, -a, -um, _adj._, right, fair. (ius.)
+
+
++L.+, for Lucius.
+
++lăbor+, -ōris, _m._, toil, labour.
+
++Lăcĕdaemŏnius+, -a, -um, _adj._, Lacedaemonian, Spartan.
+
++Lăcōnĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Laconian, Lacedaemonian.
+
++lā̆crĭmo+, 1 _v. n._, I weep. (lā̆crĭma: cf. δάκρυ, tear.)
+
++laetĭtia+, -ae, _f._, joy. (laetus.)
+
++laetus+, -a, -um, _adj._, glad, rich.
+
++lambo+, -bi, -bĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I lick.
+
++lāmenta+, orum, _n._, _plur._ only, wailing, lamentation.
+
++lāna+, -ae, _f._, wool.
+
++lănio+, 1 _v. a._, I tear, mangle. (Cf. lăcer, torn to pieces.)
+
++latē+, _adv._, widely. (lātus.)
+
++lătēbra+, -ae, _f._, hiding place. (lăteo, I lie hid.)
+
++lătē̆brōsus+, -a, -um, _adj._, full of hiding places; hidden, retired.
+(lătē̆bra.)
+
++Lătīnē+, _adv._, in Latin.
+
++Lătīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Latin.
+
++lātro+, 1 _v. n._, I bark, bark at.
+
++lātus+, -a, -um, _adj._, broad.
+
++lātus+, -a, -um, _part._ of fĕro.
+
++lătus+, -ĕris, _n._, side.
+
++laudo+, 1 _v. a._, I praise. (laus.)
+
++laurus+, -us, _f._, bay tree, laurel tree.
+
++laus+, laudis, _f._, praise.
+
++laxo+, 1 _v. a._, I loosen, relax. (laxus; cf. languidus.)
+
++lēgātus+, -i, _m._, ambassador, lieutenant. (lēgo, -are, I send with a
+charge, depute.)
+
++lĕgo+, -lexi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I collect, choose out, read. (λέγω,
+λόγος, dilegens.)
+
++lēnĭter+, _adv._, gently. (lēnis: cf. lentus.)
+
++leo+, -ōnis, _m._, lion. λέων
+
++lĕpĭdē+, _adv._, charmingly, humorously. (lĕpĭdus.)
+
++lĕpĭdus+, -a, -um, _adj._, charming, humorous. (lĕpos, charm.)
+
++Lesbius+, -a, -um, _adj._, Lesbian, of Lesbos.
+
++lĕvo+, 1 _v. a._, I raise up, relieve. (Cf. +lĕvis+, light.)
+
++lex, lēgis+, _f._, law.
+
++lĭbenter+, _adv._, gladly, willingly. (lĭbet.)
+
++lĭber+, -bri, _m._, book. (Lit., inner bark of tree.)
+
++lībĕrālis+, -e, _adj._, befitting a freeman, decorous, noble. (līber.)
+
++lībĕro+, 1 _v. a._, I set free. (līber.)
+
++lībra+, -ae, _f._, pound. (Cf. λίτρα)
+
++lĭcet+, lĭcuit and lĭcĭtum est, 2 _v. n._, defective, it is allowable.
+
++ligneus+, -a, -um, _adj._., wooden. (lignum.)
+
++lignum+, -i, _n._, what is gathered (lĕgo) as firewood, wood.
+
++līneāmentum+, -i, _n._, feature. (līnea, a line.)
+
++lingua+, -ae, _f._, tongue.
+
++līs+, lītis, _f._, lawsuit.
+
++lītigiōsus+, -a, -um, quarrelsome. (lis.)
+
++littera+ (or +lītera+), -ae, _f._, letter. (lĭno.)
+
++lŏcus+, -i, nom. plur. -i and -a, _m._, place, position, rank.
+
++longē+, _adv._, far off, by far.
+
++longus+, -a, -um, _adj._, long, far off.
+
++lŏquor+, -cūtus, 3 _v. dep._, I speak, say.
+
++lōrum+, -i, _n._, thong, leash.
+
++Lūcius+, -ii, _m._, Lucius.
+
++luctus+, -us, _m._, mourning. (lūgeo.)
+
++lūgeo+, -xi, [-ctum], 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I mourn, mourn for.
+
++lūgū̆bris+, -e, _adj._, mournful. (lūgeo.)
+
++Lūsĭtānus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of Lusitania.
+
++lux+, lūcis, _f._, light, day. Lucis ortu, at sunrise; primâ luce,
+at dawn. (lūceo.)
+
+
++M.+, for Marcus.
+
++măgis+, _adv._, more: comparative degree from magnŏpĕre, magis, maxime.
+(Root magh: cf. μέγας.)
+
++măgister+, -tri, _m._, master. (măgis and comparative suffix ter.)
+
++magnĭtūdo+, -ĭnis, _f._, size. (magnus.)
+
++magnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, great. (Root magh: cf. μέγας.)
+
++māior, maius+, _adj._, comparative degree of magnus, maior, maxĭmus.
+
++mandātum+, -i, _n._, command. (mando.)
+
++mando+, 1 _v. a._, I entrust, command, enjoin upon. Mando litteris,
+I commit to writing. (manus, do.)
+
++măneo+, -nsi, -nsum, 2 _v. n._, I remain.
+
++Manlius+, -ii, _m._, Manlius.
+
++mansŭētus+, -a, -um, _part._ from mansuesco, tamed, gentle.
+
++mansŭēsco+, -sŭēvi, sŭētum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I tame, grow tame.
+(Manus, suesco, I accustom to the hand.)
+
++mănus+, -us, _f._, hand, band.
+
++Marcus+, -i, _m._, Marcus.
+
++mărĕ+, -is, _n._, sea. (Root mar, to shine: cf. marmor.)
+
++mărĭtĭmus+, -a, -um, belonging to the sea, maritime. (mare.)
+
++mărītus+, -i, _m._, husband. (mas.)
+
++māter+, -tris, _f._, mother. (μήτηρ.)
+
++māter·fămĭliās+, mātris·fămĭliās, _f._, mother of a family, matron.
+
++mātrĭmōnium+, -ii, _n._, marriage. (māter.)
+
++mātrōna+, -ae, _f._, matron. (māter.)
+
++mātūresco+, -rui, no sup., 3 _v. n. inceptive_, I become ripe.
+
++maxĭmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, greatest; superlative degree, from magnus,
+maior.
+
++mĕdeor+, no perf., 2 _v. dep._, I cure.
+
++mĕdĭcīna+, -ae, _f._, medicine, remedy. (From adj. mĕdĭcīnus, _sc._
+ars.)
+
++mĕdĭcīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, medical. (Cf. mĕdeor.)
+
++mĕdĭcus+, -i, _m._, doctor. (Cf. mĕdeor.)
+
++mĕdius+, -a, -um, _adj._, middle. (μέσος.)
+
++membrum+, -i, _n._, limb.
+
++mĕmŏria+, -ae, _f._, memory, recollection, story. (mĕmor.)
+
++mĕmŏro+, 1 _v. a._, I call to remembrance, I relate. (Cf. memoria.)
+
++Mĕnander+, -dri, _m._, Menander. (Μένανδρος.)
+
++mendācium+, -ii, _n._, lie. (mendax, mentior.)
+
++mens+, mentis, _f._, mind. (Root mem; cf. memini.)
+
++mentior+, 4 _v. dep._, I tell lies. (Lit., I invent, root men: cf.
+mens.)
+
++merces+, -ēdis, _f._, price. (mĕreor, I earn.)
+
++mercor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I buy. (merx, merchandise, mĕreor.)
+
++mĕreor+, 2 _v. dep._, I deserve, earn, (μέρος, share.)
+
++mĕrīdiānus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of mid-day. (merīdies for medi- dies,
+from mĕdius, dies.)
+
++messis+, -is, acc. -em and -im, _f._ harvest. (mĕto.)
+
++Mēthymnaeus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of Methymna. (Μήθυμνα.)
+
++mĕto+, messui, messum, 3 _v. a._, I reap. (Cf. messis.)
+
++mĕtus+, -us, _m._, fear.
+
++meus+, -a, -um, _adj._, my.
+
++mĭco+, -ui, no sup., 1 _v. n._, I glitter.
+
++mī̆gro+, 1 _v. n._, I depart from, quit. (Cf. meo, I go.)
+
++mīles+, -ĭtis, _c._, soldier.
+
++Mīlēsius+, -a, -um, _adj._, of Miletus.
+
++Mīlētus+, -i, _f._, Miletus, a town in Asia Minor. (Μίλητος.)
+
++mīlĭtāris+, -e, _adj._, military. (mīles.)
+
++Mĭlo+, -ōnis, _m._, Milo.
+
++mĭnistro+, 1 _v. a._, I wait upon, serve up, hand. (mĭnister, servant.)
+
++mĭnor+, -us, _adj._, less. comparative of parvus. (Root min: cf. minuo,
+I lessen.)
+
++mĭnor+, 1 _v. dep._, I threaten. (minae, threats.)
+
++mīrandus+, -a, -um, wonderful: _ger._ of mīror.
+
++mīrĭfĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, causing wonder, marvellous. (mīrus,
+făcio.)
+
++mīror+, 1 _v. dep._, I wonder at. (Cf. mīrus.)
+
++mīrus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wonderful.
+
++mĭser+, -era, -erum, _adj._ wretched. (Root mi: cf. mĭnuo.)
+
++mĭserandus+, -a, -um, pitiable: _gerundive_ of mĭseror.
+
++mĭseror+, 1 _v. dep._, I pity. (mĭser.)
+
++mītis+, -e, _adj._, gentle.
+
++Mĭtrĭdātes+, -is and -i, _m._, Mitridates or Mithridates.
+
++mitto+, mīsi, missum, 3 _v. a._, I send.
+
++mōbĭlis+, -e, _adj._, movable, fickle. (For movibilis, from mŏveo.)
+
++mŏdestus+, -a, -um, _adj._, moderate, virtuous, discreet. (mŏdus.)
+
++mŏdŏ+, _adv._, only. (Lit., by measure, mŏdus.)
+
++mŏdus+, -i, _m._, measure, manner. huiusmodi, of this sort.
+
++moenia+, -ium, _n._, plur. only, defensive walls, ramparts. (Cf.
+mūnio.)
+
++mollis+, -e, _adj._, easy, soft, (moveo.)
+
++mŏneo+, 2 _v. a._, I warn, advise, remind.
+
++mŏnīle+, -is, _n._, collar, necklace.
+
++mŏnĭmentum+, -i, _n._, monument. (mŏneo, I remind.)
+
++mons+, montis, _m._, mountain.
+
++mŏrĭbundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, dying. (mŏrior.)
+
++mŏrior+, mortuus, 3 _v. n._, I die.
+
++mōrōsus+, -a, -um, _adj._, bad-tempered.
+
++mors+, mortis, _f._, death. (Cf. mŏrior.)
+
++mos+, mōris, _m._, manner, custom. More ursino, like a bear. De more,
+according to custom, as usual.
+
++mox+, _adv._, soon.
+
++mŭliēbris+, -e, _adj._, womanly, (mŭlier.)
+
++mŭlier+, -ĕris, _f._, woman.
+
++multo+ (or +mulcto+), 1 _v. a._, I punish, fine.
+
++multus+, -a, -um, _adj._, many, much. Comp., plūs; sup., plūrĭmus.
+
++mundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, clean, tidy.
+
++mūnīmentum+, -i, _n._, fortification. (mūnio.)
+
++mūnio+, 4 _v. a._, I fortify. (Cf. moenia, mūrus.)
+
++murmur+, -ŭris, _n._, complaint.
+
++mūrus+, -i, _m._, wall. (Root mu: cf. mūnio, moenia.)
+
++mūtuus+, -a, -um, _adj._, borrowed, lent. (mūto, I change.)
+
+
+
++nam+, _conj._, for.
+
++nanciscor+, nactus, and nanctus, 3 _v. dep._, I obtain, reach.
+
++nāris+, -is, _f._, nostril, nose; usually in plural.
+
++narro+, 1 _v. a._, I tell, relate. (Cf. i·gnarus, nosco; root gna,
+know.)
+
++nascor+, nātus, 3 _v. dep._, I am born, spring up.
+
++nātio+, -ōnis, _f._, race, nation. (nascor.)
+
++nātūra+, -ae, _f._, nature. Rediit in naturam, it returned to its
+natural position. (nascor.)
+
++nātus+, -us, _m._, birth, age. Natu grandis, advanced in age. (nascor.)
+
++nauta+. Cf. navita.
+
++nāvālis+, -e, _adj._, naval. (nāvis.)
+
++nāvis+, -is, _f._, ship. (ναῦς.)
+
++nāvĭta+ (or +nauta+), -ae, _m._, sailor. (nāvis.)
+
++nē+, _adv._ and _conj._, not, in order that not, lest.
+
++-nĕ+, _enclitic interrog. particle._
+
++nĕbŭlo+, -ōnis, _m._, worthless fellow. (nĕbŭla, mist: cf. nūbes,
+cloud.)
+
++nĕc+, neither, nor, and not.
+
++nĕcessĕ+, _adj._, _nom._ and _acc. neuter_ only, necessary.
+
++nĕco+, 1 _v. a._, I kill. (Cf. νέκυς, corpse.)
+
++neglĭgo+, and neglĕgo, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._, I neglect. (nec, lĕgo,
+I do not pick up.)
+
++nĕego+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I deny, refuse.
+
++nēmo+, -ĭnis, _pron._, no one. (ne, hŏmo.)
+
++nē·quā·quam+, _adv._, by no means.
+
++nĕquĕ+, neither, nor, and not.
+
++nex+, nĕcis, _f._, violent death. (nĕco.)
+
++nīdŭlus+, -i, _m._, a little nest. (demin. of nīdus.)
+
++nĭhĭl+, nīl, _n._, _indecl._, nothing.
+
++nĭhĭlo+, by nothing; cf. nĭhĭlum. Used with comparatives, nihilo minus,
+none the less.
+
++nĭhĭlum+, -i, _n._, nothing.
+
++nĭmis+, _adv._, too much.
+
++nĭmĭum+, _adv._ and _subst._, too much.
+
++nĭ·sĭ+, _conj._, unless.
+
++nītor+, nīsus and nixus, 3 _v. dep._, I strive.
+
++nōbĭlis+, -e, _adj._, celebrated, noble. (For gnobilis, from nosco or
+gnosco.)
+
++nōmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, name. (Cf. nosco.)
+
++non+, _adv._, not.
+
++non·nĕ+, _interrog. adv._, is not?
+
++non·nullus+, -a, -um, _adj._, some, several.
+
++nos+, _plur._ of ego, we. (Cf. νώ.)
+
++nos met·ipsi+, we ourselves.
+
++nosco+, nōvi, nōtum, 3 _v. a._, I know. (Or gnosco, root gno: cf.
+nōmen, nōbilis.)
+
++noster+, -tra, -trum, _adj._, our. (nōs.)
+
++nōta+, -ae, _f._, mark, brand. (nosco.)
+
++nōtus+, -a, -um, known, _part._ from nosco.
+
++nŏvem+, _numer._, nine.
+
++nŏvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, new.
+
++nox+, noctis, _f._, night. (νύξ.)
+
++noxa+, -ae, _f._, injury, harm. (nŏcco.)
+
++nūbo+, -psi, -ptum, 3 _v. n._, I am married (of the woman), with
+_dative_. (Lit., I veil myself: cf. nūbes.)
+
++nūdus+, -a, -um, _adj._, bare, unarmed.
+
++nullus+, -a, -um, _adj._, none. (ne·ullus.)
+
++nūmen+, -ĭnis, _n._, nod, will, divinity. (nuo.)
+
++nŭmĕrus+, -i, _m._, number. (Cf. νέμω, I distribute, nummus.)
+
++nunc+, _adv._, now. (num·ce: cf. νῦν.)
+
++nunquam+, _adv._, never. (ne-unquam.)
+
++nuntio+, 1 _v. a._, I announce, report. (Cf. nŏvus.)
+
++nusquam+, _adv._, nowhere. (ne-usquam.)
+
+
+
++ŏb+, _prep. gov. acc._, on account of.
+
++ob·iĭcio+, and +ōbĭcio+, obiēci, obiectum, 3 _v. a._, I throw before,
+I reproach with. (jăcio.)
+
++ob·lĭno+, -lēvi, -lĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I smear over.
+
++ŏb·oedio+, 4 _v. n._, I obey, with dative. (ob, audio.)
+
++ŏb·ŏrior+, -ortus, 4 _v. dep._, I grow, spring up.
+
++ob·pĕto+ (or +op·peto+), -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 _v. a._, I encounter.
+
++ob·pugno+ (or +op·pugno+), 1 _v. a._, I fight against, attack.
+
++ob·sĕcro+, 1 _v. a._, I beseech, entreat. (sacro, lit., I ask on
+religious grounds, ob sacrum.)
+
++ob·sĭdeo+, -sēdi, -sessum, 2 _v. n._, I besiege. (sĕdeo.)
+
++obsĭdio+, -ōnis, _f._, siege. (obsĭdeo.)
+
++ob·servo+, 1 _v. a._, I notice, attend to.
+
++ob·tĭneo+, -ui, -tentum, 2 _v. a._, I hold. (tĕneo.)
+
++ob·vĕnio+, -vēni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I come in way of, fall to lot of.
+
++ob·viam+, _adv._, with dative, in the way. Obviam ire, progredi, etc.,
+alicui, to meet anyone. (via.)
+
++ob·vius+, -a, -um, _adj._, in the way. (via.)
+
++oc·cīdo+, -cīdi, cīsum, 3 _v. a._, I kill. (caedo.)
+
++occŭpo+, 1 _v. a._, I seize, take hold of. (ob, căpio.)
+
++octo+, _num._, eight. (ὀκτώ.)
+
++octōginta+, _num._, eighty.
+
++ŏcŭlus+, -i, _m._, eye. (Cf. ὄσσε, the two eyes; ὄσσομαι, I see.)
+
++of·fĕro+, obtŭli, oblātum, 3 _v. a._, I offer, present.
+
++offĭcium+, -ii, _n._, service, work, duty. (For opificium, opus,
+făcio.)
+
++ŏlea+, -ae, _f._, olive tree. (ἐλαία.)
+
++ŏleāgĭneus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the olive. (ŏlea.)
+
++ŏleum+, -i, _n._, olive oil. (ἔλαιον.)
+
++ŏ·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I neglect. (ob, mitto, I let go.)
+
++omnis+, -e, _adj._, all.
+
++ŏpĕra+, -ae, _f._, work. (Cf. ŏpus.)
+
++ŏpīmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, rich, fat, choice.
+
++ŏpīnio+, -ōnis, _f._, opinion, supposition. (opīnor.)
+
++oppĕrior+, -perītus and -pertus, 4 _v. dep._, I wait for. (Cf. experior
+and peritus, from obsolete perior.)
+
++oppĭdum+, -i, _n._, town.
+
++op·pleo+, -ēvi, -ētum, 2 _v. a._, I fill up.
+
++op·prĭmo+, -essi, -essum, 3 _v. a._, I press against, oppress, crush.
+(prĕmo.)
+
++[ops]+, ŏpis, _f._, nom. sing. not used, power, wealth, help. (Cf.
+ŏpulentus.)
+
++optĭmus+, -a, -um, superlative of bŏnus. (Cf. ops.)
+
++opto+, 1 _v. a._, I wish for. (Root op, pick out: cf. ὄψομαι.)
+
++optŭlit+ (or obtŭlit), fr. offĕro.
+
++ōrācŭlum+, -i, _n._, oracle, (ōro.)
+
++ŏrātio+, -onis, _f._, speech, (ōro.)
+
++Ŏrestes+, -is or -i, Orestes. (Ὀρέστης.)
+
++ŏrior+, ortus, 4 _v. dep._, I arise. Sol oriens, sunrise. (Cf. ὄρνυμι.)
+
++ornātus+, -us, _m._, attire. (orno.)
+
++orno+, 1 _v. a._, I adorn.
+
++ōro+, 1 _v. a._, I pray for, beg. (ōs.)
+
++orthius+, -a, -um, _adj._, high. Carmen orthium, νόμος ὄρθιος: cf. note
+xxxv. 21.
+
++ortus+, -us, _m._, rising. (ŏrior.) solis ortu, at sunrise.
+
++ōs+, ōris, _n._, mouth, face.
+
++ŏs+, ossis, _n._, bone. (ὀστέον.)
+
++Oscē+, _adv._, in Oscan.
+
++ostendo+, -di, -sum and -tum, 3 _v. a._, I show. (obs·tendo.)
+
++ostento+, 1 _v. a._, I show; freq. form fr. ostendo.
+
++ōtiōsus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unoccupied, free, quiet. (ōtium.)
+
+
++P.+ for Publius, -ii, _m._, Publius.
+
++pābŭlum+, -i, _n._, food. (pasco.)
+
++păciscor+, -i, pactus, 3 _v. dep._, _a._ and _n._, I agree, bargain.
+(Cf. pax, pactum.)
+
++pactum+, -i, _n._, agreement, manner. (păciscor.)
+
++pălam+, _adv._, openly.
+
++Pălātium+, -ii, _n._, the Palatine hill.
+
++palma+, -ae, _f._, palm.
+
++palmes+, -ĭtis, _m._, vine-shoot. (palma.)
+
++pălūs+, -ūdis, _f._, marsh. (πηλός, mud.)
+
++pango+, pĕpĭgi, pactum (also panxi and pēgi, panctum), 3 _v. a._,
+I settle. (Cf. pax.)
+
++Păpīrius+, -ii, _m._, Papirius.
+
++pār+, păris, _adj._, equal.
+
++parco+, pĕperci, rarely parsi, parcĭtum and parsum, 3 _v. n._, with
+dat., I spare.
+
++părens+, -entis, _c._, parent. (părio.)
+
++pāreo+, 2 _v. n._, with dative, I obey.
+
++părio+, pĕpĕri, părĭtum and partum, 3 _v. a._, I beget, produce.
+
++pars+, partis, _f._, part, side.
+
++partus+, -us, _m._, birth, offspring. (părio.)
+
++părum+, _adv._, too little. (Cf. parvus.)
+
++parvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, small. (Cf. paucus.)
+
++pastus+, -us, _m._, food, pasture. (pasco.)
+
++păter+, pātris, _m._, father. (πατήρ, root pa: cf. pasco.)
+
++pătior+, passus, 3 _v. dep._, I suffer, allow. Aegre passus,
+displeased.
+
++paucus+, -a, -um, _adj._, few. (Root pau: cf. παῦρος, paulus.)
+
++paulātim+, _adv._, by degrees, gradually. (paulus, little.)
+
++păvĕ·făcio+, -fēci, -factum, 3 _v. a._, I terrify. (păveo.)
+
++pax+, pācis, _f._, peace. (Root pac, make firm: cf. paciscor, pango,
+πήγνυμι.)
+
++pectus+, -ŏris, _n._, breast: mind.
+
++pĕcūnia+, -ae, _f._, money. (pĕcus, cattle being the original standard
+of value.)
+
++pĕdester+, -tris, -tre, _adj._, on foot; in plur. as subst.,
+foot-soldiers. (pes.)
+
++Pĕlasgus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Pelasgian.
+
++Pĕlŏponnensiăcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Peloponnesian.
+
++pĕnĭtus+, _adv._, deeply, thoroughly.
+
++per+, _prep. gov. acc._, through.
+
++per·callesco+, -lui, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I am well versed in, know
+well. (Inceptive form from per·calleo: cf. callĭdus.)
+
++per·contor+, 1 _v. dep._, I enquire.
+
++per·crēbesco+ (or +per·crebresco+), bui (or brui), no sup., 3 _v. n._,
+I spread abroad. (creber.)
+
++per·cŭtio+, cussi, cussum, 3 _v. a._, I strike. securi percutio,
+I behead. (quătio.)
+
++per·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I lose.
+
++pĕren·die+, _adv._, on the day after to-morrow. (πέραν, dies.)
+
++pĕr·eo+, -ii or -īvi, -ĭtum, 4 _v. n._, I pass away, die.
+
++per·fŏdio+, -fōdi, -fossum, 3 _v. a._, I dig through, pierce through.
+
++Pĕriander+, -dri, _m._, Periander.
+
++Pĕrĭcles+, -is or -i, _m._, Pericles.
+
++pĕrīcŭlum+, -i, _n._, danger.
+
++pĕrītus+, -a, -um, _adj._, skilled. (_Part._ fr. obsolete perior: cf.
+op·perior.)
+
++per·mētior+, -ensus, 4 _v. dep. a._, I measure through, travel over.
+
++per·mitto+, mīsi, missum, 3 _v. a._, I suffer, allow.
+
++per·mŏveo+, -mōvi, -mōtum, 2 _v. a._, I move thoroughly, rouse,
+disturb.
+
++per·mūtātio+, -ōnis, _f._, exchange. (per·mūto.)
+
++per·mūto+, 1 _v. a._, I exchange.
+
++per·pĕtior+, pessus, 3 _v. dep. n._, and _a._, I suffer, endure.
+(pătior.)
+
++per·suādeo+, -suāsi, suāsum, 2 _v. a._, I convince, persuade.
+
++per·taedet+, -taesum est, 2 _v. n._, impersonal; it thoroughly wearies.
+(Acc. of person affected, and gen. of thing or person causing the
+weariness.)
+
++per·vĕnio+, -vēni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I arrive at.
+
++pēs+, +pĕdis+, _m._, foot. (Cf. ποῦς, ποδός.)
+
++pestĭlentia+, -ae, _f._, plague. (pestis.)
+
++Pĕtīlius+, -ii, _m._, Petilius.
+
++pĕto+, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 _v. a._, I seek, ask for. (Lit., to fall
+upon: cf. πίπτω.)
+
++pĕtŭlantia+, -ae, _f._, impudence. (Obsolete pĕtŭlo: cf. pĕto.)
+
++phălĕrae+, -arum, _f._, _plur._ only, ornaments for chests and
+foreheads of horses. (φάλαρα.)
+
++Phĭlēmon+ (or +Phĭlēmo+), -ōnis, _m._, Philemon. (Φιλήμων.)
+
++phĭlŏsŏphus+, -i, _m._, philosopher. (φιλόσοφος.)
+
++Phrygia+, -ae, _f._, Phrygia.
+
++pĭget+, pĭguit and pĭgĭtum est, 2 _v. n._ (rarely used personally),
+it troubles, displeases.
+
++pinna+, or +penna+, -ae, _f._, feather. (Root pet: cf. πέτομαι, I fly.)
+
++Pīraeus+, -i, the Piraeus, port of Athens.
+
++pius+, -a, -um, _adj._, dutiful, kind.
+
++plăceo+, 2 _v. n._, I am pleasing; often used impersonally, placet
+mihi, it pleases me, seems good to me, is my opinion; of the senate,
+it is resolved, determined.
+
++plăcĭdē+, _adv._, gently, quietly. (plăcĭdus, plăceo.)
+
++plānē+, _adv._, clearly, plainly. (plānus, level.)
+
++plebs+, plebis (or +plēbes+, -ei and -is), _f._, the common people.
+
++plērus·que+, -aque, -umque, _adj._, very many, most. (plerus: cf.
+plēnus, root ple, fill.)
+
++plūmo+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I cover, or am covered with, feathers,
+am fledged. (plūma.)
+
++plūs+, plūris, _adj._, more: comparative of multus.
+
++Plūtarchus+, -i, _m._, Plutarch.
+
++pōcŭlum+, -i, _n._, cup, goblet. (Cf. pōtus, a draught.)
+
++Poenĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._ Cf. Poenus.
+
++Poenus+, -a, -um, Punic, Carthaginian. Cf. ix. 8 note.
+
++poena+, -ae, _f._, punishment, penalty. (ποινή, punio, poeniteo.)
+
++Pŏlus+, -i, _m._, Polus.
+
++Pomptīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Pomptine, _i.e._ near Pometia, in Latium.
+
++pōmum+, -i, _n._, fruit or apple.
+
++pondo+, _adv._, in or by weight. (pondus.)
+
++pondus+, -ĕris, _n._, weight. (pendo, I hang up.)
+
++pōno+, pŏsui, pŏsĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I place.
+
++pons+, pontis, _m._, bridge. (prop, a path, πάτος, German Pfad, esp.
+across a river: cf. Pontifex.)
+
++Pontus+, -i, _m._, district in Asia Minor.
+
++pŏpŭlus+, -i, _m._, people.
+
++porgere+. Cf. porrigo.
+
++porrĭgo+, -rexi, -rectum, 3 _v. a._, I stretch out. (Several contracted
+forms, porgere, porge, porgite, etc.) (pro, rego.)
+
++posco+, pŏposci, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I demand.
+
++possies+, _old pres. subj._ of possum, for possis.
+
++possum+, pŏtui, posse, _v. n._, I am able. (pŏtis, sum.)
+
++post+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, afterwards, after.
+
++posteā+, _adv._, afterwards. (post, ea, from is.)
+
++postĕrior+, -us, comparative fr. posterus.
+
++postĕrus+, -a, -um, _adj._, coming after; as _subst._, descendant.
+(post, _comp._ postĕrior, _sup._ postrēmus.)
+
++post·hac+, _adv._, after this, henceforth.
+
++postlīmĭnium+, -ii, _n._, return to rank and privileges. Cf. note
+xl. 13. (post, limen, usual derivation.)
+
++post·quam+, _conj._, after that.
+
++postrēmus+, -a, -um, last; superlative from postĕrus. ad postremum,
+at last.
+
++postrīdiē+, _adv._, on the next day. (postĕrus, dies.)
+
++postŭlātio+, -ōnis, _f._, demand. (postŭlo.)
+
++postŭlātum+, -i, _n._, demand. (postŭlo.)
+
++postŭlo+, 1 _v. a._, I demand. (posco.)
+
++pŏtior+, 4 _v. dep._, I obtain possession of; with gen. and abl.
+(pŏtis, able.)
+
++pŏtius+, _adv._, rather; only used in comparative pŏtius, and superl.
+pŏtissime. (fr. pŏtis, -e, _adj._, pŏtior, pŏtissimus.)
+
++praebeo+, 2 _v. a._, I offer, give.
+
++praeceps+, -ĭpĭtis, _adj._, head-first, headlong, (prae, căput.)
+
++prae·cīdo+, -cīdi, -cīsum, 3 _v. a._, I cut off. (caedo.)
+
++prae·cĭpio+, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I take beforehand, I instruct.
+(căpio.)
+
++prae·clārus+, -a, -um, _adj._, famous.
+
++praeda+, -ae, _f._, booty, spoil.
+
++prae·dĭco+, 1 _v. a._, I proclaim, declare publicly.
+
++praedium+, -ii, _n._, farm, estate.
+
++praefectus+, -i, _m._, a man placed over, overseer, prefect. (prae,
+făcio.)
+
++prae·for+, 1 _v. dep._, I say beforehand.
+
++prae·fulgeo+, -si, no sup., 2 _v. n._, I glitter.
+
++praemium+, -ii, _n._, reward.
+
++prae·mŏneo+, 2 _v. a._, I forewarn, admonish beforehand.
+
++praesens+, -entis, _adj._, present. (praesum.)
+
++prae·ses+, -ĭdis, _adj._, protecting; as _subst._, ruler. (prae,
+sĕdeo.)
+
++prae·sto+, -ĭti, -ĭtum (rarely -āvi, -ātum), 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I am
+superior, I surpass.
+
++praeter+, _prep. gov. acc._, besides, except. (prae, and suffix ter.)
+
++praeterĭtus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. praetereo, past.
+
++praetĕr·eo+, -ii or -īvi, ĭtum, 4 _v. n._ and _a._, I pass by.
+
++praetextātus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wearing the toga praetexta.
+
++prĕtiōsē+, _adv._, expensively, splendidly. (prĕtiōsus: cf. prĕtium.)
+
++prĕtium+, -ii, _n._, price.
+
++prīmum+, _adv._, at first. Ubi, or cum, primum, as soon as.
+
++prīmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, first, _superl._; no positive; _comp._ prior.
+(Cp. priscus.)
+
++princĭpium+, -ii, _n._, beginning. (princeps.)
+
++prior+, -us, _adj._, former, _comp._; (Cf. prīmus.)
+
++prius+, _adv._, before. (prior.)
+
++prius·quam+, _conj._, before that.
+
++pro+, _prep. gov. abl._, before, for, in proportion to.
+
++prō·cēdo+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I advance.
+
++prōcērĭtas+, -ātis, _f._, height. (prōcērus.)
+
++prōcērus+, -a, -um, _adj._, tall. (procello.)
+
++prō·consŭlāris+, -e, _adj._, proconsular, acting instead of a consul.
+
++prŏcŭl+, _adv._, absolutely, or with _abl._, with or without ‘ab’; at a
+distance, far from. Dubio procul, without doubt.
+
++prŏ·cūro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I take care of.
+
++prōd·eo+, -ii, -ĭtum, -ire, 4 _v. n._, I come forward, (pro, eo.)
+
++prō·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I give forth, report, relate;
+I betray.
+
++proelium+, -ii, _n._, battle.
+
++prō·fĕro+, -tŭli, -lātum, 3 _v. a._, I bring forth, I prolong.
+
++prŏ·fĭciscor+, -fectus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I set out. (pro, făcio.)
+
++prŏ·fundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, deep; as _subst._ profundum, -i (_sc._
+mare), deep sea.
+
++prō·grĕdior+, -essus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I advance. (grădior.)
+
++prŏ·indē+, _adv._, just so, just as.
+
++prō·iĭcio+, or +prō·ĭcio+, -iēci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I throw forward,
+thrust forward. (iăcio.)
+
++prō·mitto+, -mīsi, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I send forth; I say beforehand,
+promise.
+
++prō·mŏveo+, -mōvi, -mōtum, 2 _v. a._, I move forward, cause to advance.
+
++promptus+, -us, _m._, readiness. in promptu esse, to be at hand, ready.
+(prōmo, I take forth.)
+
++prō·nuntio+, 1 _v. a._, I proclaim, announce.
+
++prŏpe+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, near, almost: prŏpe, prŏpius,
+proxĭmē.
+
++prŏpĕro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I hasten. (prŏpĕrus, quick.)
+
++prŏpinquus+, -a, -um, near, neighbouring; as _subst._, a neighbour.
+(prŏpe.)
+
++propter+, _prep. gov. acc._, on account of. (for propiter, fr. prŏpe.)
+
++proptĕr·eā+, _adv._, on account of those things, therefore.
+
++prō·pugno+, 1 _v. n._, I fight in front of, fight for, defend.
+
++prō·rĭpio+, -rĭpui, -reptum, 3 _v. a._, I drag forth; se proripere,
+to rush forth, take refuge in. (răpio.)
+
++prorsus+, _adv._, forward, directly. (pro, versus.)
+
++prō·sĕquor+, -cūtus, 3 _v. dep. a._, I follow.
+
++prospectus+, -us, _m._, view. (prospĭcio.)
+
++prospĕrē+, _adv._, successfully. (prospĕrus, from prospe, answering to
+hope.)
+
++prō·sum+, -fui, prōdesse, _v. n._, I am of use to.
+
++Prōtăgŏras+, -ae, _m._, Protagoras.
+
++prō-tendo+, -di, -sum and -tum, 3 _v. a._, I stretch forth.
+
++prō·tĭnus+, _adv._, forthwith. (tĕnus, _prep._, as far as.)
+
++prō·vĕho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I carry forward; in _pass._, I go
+forward, I sail, etc.
+
++prō·vĭdens+, -entis, _part._ of provĭdeo, careful.
+
++prō·vĭdeo+, -vīdi, -vīsum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I foresee, I am careful.
+
++prōvincia+, -ae, _f._, sphere of duty, province.
+
++prō·vŏco+, 1 _v. a._, I call forth, challenge.
+
++proxĭmē+, _adv._, and _prep._ with _acc._, very near: super. fr. prŏpe.
+
++proxĭmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, very near: [prŏpis obsolete], prŏpior,
+proxĭmus. (Cf. prŏpe.)
+
++prūdens+, -entis, _adj._, foreseeing, discreet. (For pro·vĭdens.)
+
++publĭcē+, _adv._, in behalf of the state.
+
++pŭdor+, -ōris, _m._, shame, modesty. (pŭdeo.)
+
++puer+, -ĕri, _m._, boy.
+
++pugna+, -ae, _f._, battle, contest. (Root pug, strike: cf. pugil,
+pugno.)
+
++pugno+, 1 _v. a._, I fight. (pugna.)
+
++pulchrĭtūdo+, -ĭnis, _f._, beauty. (pulcher.)
+
++pullus+, -i, _m._, young animal or bird.
+
++pūnio+, -īvi or ii, ītum, 4 _v. a._, I punish. (poena.)
+
++puppis+, -is, _f._, stern, poop of ship.
+
++purgo+, 1 _v. a._, I make clean, clear. (pūrus, ăgo.)
+
++pŭto+, 1 _v. a._, I think. (Lit., I trim, arrange, and so reckon,
+think; root, pu, cleanse: cf. purus.)
+
++Pyrrhus+, -i, _m._, Pyrrhus.
+
+
++quādrāgintā+, _num._, forty.
+
++quaero+, -sīvi or -sii, sītum, 3 _v. a._, I seek, inquire for, ask.
+
++quaeso+, -īvi or -ii, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I seek, beg. Used
+parenthetically, ‘pray.’
+
++quaestus+, -us, _m._, gain, business. (quaero.)
+
++quālis+, -e, _adj. pron._, of what kind; talis ... qualis, such ... as.
+(quis.)
+
++quam+, _conj._ and _adv._, than, as. (qui.)
+
++quam·ob·rem+, _adv._, _relative_ and _interrog._, wherefore.
+
++quam·quam+, _conj._, although.
+
++quantus+, -a, -um, _adj._, how great, as great. (quam.)
+
++quăsĭ+, _adv._, as if, just as. (quamsi.)
+
++quattuordĕcim+ (or quatuordĕcim), _numer._, fourteen.
+
++-quĕ+, _enclitic conj._, and.
+
++quĕo+, -īvi and -ii, -ĭtum, -ire, 4 _v. n._, I am able.
+
++quercus+, -us, _f._, oak.
+
++qui+, quae, quod, _rel. pron., indef. adj. pron._ and _inter. adj.
+pron._, who, what.
+
++quĭă+, _conj._, because. (For qui-am, quî-iam, whereby now.)
+
++quīdam+, quaedam, quoddam (and quiddam, _subst._), _indef. pron._,
+a certain one.
+
++quĭdem+, _adv._, indeed.
+
++quĭes+, -ētis, _f._, rest.
+
++quĭesco+, -ēvi, -ētum, 3 _v. n._, I rest, (quies.)
+
++quīn+, _conj._, that not, but that, but indeed, rather; _interrog._,
+why not? (qui, ne.)
+
++quin·dĕcim·vĭr+, -i, a quindecimvir, one of the college of 15 men who
+had charge of the Sibylline books.
+
++quinquĕ+, _numer._, five.
+
++quinquĭes+, _adv._, five times.
+
++quis+, quid, _inter. pron._, who? which?
+
++quis+, qua, quid, _indef. pron._, any.
+
++quis·nam+, quidnam, _inter. pron._, who, which, what pray? whoever?
+
++quis·piam+, quaepiam, quodpiam (and _subst._, quidpiam or quippiam),
+_indef. pron._, any, some.
+
++quis·quĕ+, quaeque, quodque (and _subst._, quidque or quicque), _indef.
+pron._, each, every.
+
++quis·quam+, quaequam, quicquam or quidquam, _indef. pron._, anyone.
+
++quo+, _adv._ and _conj._, for which reason, in order that, so that.
+(qui.)
+
++quod+, _conj._, because, that. (qui.)
+
++quŏnĭam+, _adv._, since, because. (quom for cum, iam.)
+
++quŏquĕ+, _conj._, also.
+
+
++rādix+, -īcis, _f._, root. (Cf. ramus, branch; ῥίξα, root.)
+
++răpĭdus+, -a, -um, _adj._, swift. (răpio.)
+
++rătio+, -ōnis, _f._, reason, account. (reor.)
+
++rĕ·cēdo+, -cessi- -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I fall back, withdraw.
+
++rĕ·cĭpio+, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I take back, receive. (căpio.)
+
++rĕ·cĭto+, 1 _v. a._, I read out, repeat.
+
++rĕ·condo+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I put back, hide.
+
++rĕcordātio+, -onis, _f._, recollection. (re·cordor: cf. cor.)
+
++rĕ·cumbo+, -cŭbui, 3 _v. n._, I lie down again.
+
++rĕ·cŭpĕro+, 1 _v. a._, I recover. (căpio.)
+
++rĕ·curvo+, no perf., -ātum, 1 _v. a._, I bend back.
+
++red·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I give back, render, impart,
+restore. (re, do.)
+
++rĕd·eo+, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, -ire, 4 _v. n._, I go back.
+
++rĕdĭtus+, -us, _m._, return. (rĕdeo.)
+
++rĕ·fĕro+, rētŭli (and rettŭli), rĕlātum, 3 _v. a._, I bring back,
+return, turn back, attribute.
+
++rĕ·fŭgio+, -fūgi, no sup., 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I flee back, flee away,
+escape.
+
++regnum+, -i, _n._, kingdom. (rex.)
+
++rĕgo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I rule, direct. (rex.)
+
++rĕ·grĕdior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I return. (grădior.)
+
++reicit+, for reiicit.
+
++rē·iĭcio+, or +rē·ĭcio+, -iēci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I throw back,
+postpone. (iăcio.)
+
++rĕlĭcus+. Cf. reliquus.
+
++rē̆lĭgio+, -ōnis, _f._, religious scruple, obligation.
+
++rĕ·linquo+, -līqui, -lictum, 3 _v. a._, I leave behind.
+
++rē̆lĭquĭae+, -arum, _pl._ only, remains. (rĕlĭquus.)
+
++rĕlĭquus+ (or relicus), -a, -um, _adj._, remaining. (rĕlinquo.)
+
++rĕmĕdium+, -ii, _n._, remedy, cure. (re, mĕdeor.)
+
++rĕ·mōtus+, -a, -um, _part._ from remŏveo, retired, distant.
+
++rĕ·mŏveo+, -mōvi, mōtum, 2 _v. a._, I move back, withdraw.
+
++reor+, rătus, 2 _v. dep. a._, I believe, think.
+
++rĕpentē+, _adv._, suddenly. (rĕpens, sudden.)
+
++rĕ·pĕto+, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 _v. a._, I seek again. Memoriâ repeto,
+I call to mind.
+
++rĕ·quīro+, -sīvi or -sii, -sītum, 3 _v. a._, I seek again, seek for.
+(quaero.)
+
++rēs+, rei, _f._, thing, deed.
+
++re·scindo+, -scĭdi, -scissum, 3 _v. a._, I tear open.
+
++re·scrībo+, -psi, -ptum, 3 _v. a._, I write back.
+
++re·spondeo+, -di, -sum, 2 _v. n._, I reply. (Lit., I promise in
+return.)
+
++res·publĭca+, reipublicae, _f._, state.
+
++rĕ·surgo+, -surrexi, -surrectum, 3 _v. n._, I rise again.
+
++rĕ·tĭneo+, -ui, -tentum, 2 _v. a._, I hold back, keep. (tĕneo.)
+
++rĕŭs+, -i, _m._, defendant in an action, culprit. (res.)
+
++rĕ·vello+, -velli, -vulsum and -volsum, 3 _v. a._, I pull away, pull
+out.
+
++rĕ·verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. n._, I turn back, return.
+
++rĕvertor+, -versus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I turn back, return.
+
++rĕ·vincio+, -nxi, -nctum, 4 _v. a._, I bind back, fasten.
+
++rĕ·vŏlo+, no perf. or sup., are, 1 _v. n._, I fly back.
+
++rex+, rēgis, _m._, king. (rĕgo.)
+
++rhētor+, -ŏris, _m._, teacher of oratory, rhetorician. (ῥήτωρ.)
+
++rīdeo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I laugh, laugh at, mock.
+
++rīma+, -ae, _f._, crack, cleft.
+
++rītĕ+, _adv._, duly, fitly. (ritus, religious observance.)
+
++rŏgo+, 1 _v. a._, I ask for, ask.
+
++Rōma+, -ae, _f._, Rome.
+
++Rōmānus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Roman.
+
++rostrum+, -i, _n._, beak, prow. (rōdo, I gnaw.)
+
++rŭbus+, -i, _m._, bramble. (rŭber, red.)
+
++rŭdis+, -e, _adj._, rough.
+
++rursum+ and rursus, _adv._, again. (For revorsum, from re·verto.)
+
++rustĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the country, rural, rustic. (rus.)
+
+
++sā̆crārium+, -ii, _n._, shrine, sacristy. (săcer, sacred.)
+
++saepĕ+, _adv._, often. (Obsolete adj. saepis, frequent.)
+
++saepĕ·nŭmĕrō+, _adv._, often.
+
++saevio+, -ii, -ītum, 4 _v. n._, I rage, am fierce. (saevus.)
+
++sălum+, -i, _n._, the open sea. (σάλος.)
+
++sălūs+, -ūtis, _f._, safety. (Cf. salvus.)
+
++salvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, safe.
+
++Samnis+, -ītis, _adj._, Samnite.
+
++sanguĭnŏlentus+, -a, -um, blood-stained. (sanguis.)
+
++sănĭes+ (-em, -e, no genitive nor plural), _f._, corrupted blood,
+matter. (sanguis.)
+
++săpiens+, -entis, _adj._, wise. (săpio.)
+
++sătĭra+, or sătŭra, -ae, _f._, a satire.
+
++sătis+, _adv._, sufficiently.
+
++scăteo+, no perf. or sup., -ēre, 2 _v. n._, I bubble, flow forth;
+bubble over with: with _abl._
+
++scio+, -īvi, -ītum, 4 _v. a._, I know.
+
++Scīpio+, -ōnis, _m._, Scipio.
+
++scītē+, _adv._, cleverly, skilfully. (scio.)
+
++scŏpŭlus+, -i, _m._, rock. (σκόπελος.)
+
++scrībo+, -psi, -ptum, 3 _v. a._, I write. (γράφω, schreiben.)
+
++scriptor+, -ōris, _m._, writer, author. (scrībo.)
+
++scūtum+, -i, _n._, shield. (σκῦτος.)
+
++sē+, and sēsē, _gen._ sui, _reflex. pron._, himself, herself, itself.
+
++sēcessus+, -us, _m._, withdrawal. (sē·cēdo.)
+
++sē·cum+, for cum se, with himself, etc.
+
++sĕcundum+, _prep. gov. acc._, following after, according to. (sĕquor.)
+
++sĕcundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, following, second, favourable, (sĕquor.)
+
++sĕcūris+, -is, _f._, axe. securi percutio, I behead. (sĕco.)
+
++sēcūrus+, -a, -um, _adj._, free from care. (se, = sine, cura.)
+
++sed+, _conj._, but. sed enim, but indeed.
+
++sĕdeo+, sēdi, sessum, 2 _v. n._, I sit. (sēdes, insĭdiae.)
+
++sĕges+, -ĕtis, _f._, cornfield.
+
++sē·lībra+, -ae, _f._, half pound. (semi, libra.)
+
++sēmentis+, -is, _f._, seed, crop. (sēmen.)
+
++sē·mĕt+, strengthened form of se.
+
++semper+, _adv._, always. (Cf. sĕmel.)
+
++sĕnātor+, -ōris, _m._, Senator. (sĕnex.)
+
++sĕnātus+, -us, _m._, Senate.
+
++sĕnātus consultum+, -i, _n._, decree of Senate.
+
++sensim+, _adv._, slowly. (sentio, lit., perceptibly.)
+
++sententia+, -ae, _f._, way of thinking, opinion, decision. (sentio.)
+
++sentio+, -si- -sum, 4 _v. a._, I perceive, judge, decide.
+
++sentis+, -is, _m._, rarely _f._, thorn.
+
++se·orsum+, _adv._, separately, (se, verto.)
+
++sē·păro+, 1 _v. a._, I separate. (păro.)
+
++septem+, _numer._, seven. (Cf. ἑπτά.)
+
++sĕpulcrum+, -i, _n._, tomb. (sĕpĕlio.)
+
++sermo+, -ōnis, _m._, speech. (sĕro.)
+
++Sertōrius+, -ii, _m._, Sertorius.
+
++servo+, 1 _v. a._, I preserve.
+
++servus+, -i, _m._, slave.
+
++sestertium+, -ii, _n._, a thousand sestertii. Cf. note vi. 4.
+
++sĕvērē+, _adv._, austerely, severely.
+
++sex+, _numer._, six.
+
++sexāginta+, _numer._, sixty.
+
++si+, _conj._, if.
+
++Sĭbyllīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the Sibyl, Sibylline. (Sĭbylla.)
+
++sīc+, _adv._ so, thus. ut ... sic, _correlatives_, as ... so.
+
++Sĭcāni+, -orum, _m._, the Sicani.
+
++sicco+, 1 _v. a._, I dry. (siccus, dry.)
+
++Sĭcĭlia+, -ae, _f._, Sicily.
+
++sīc·ŭt+, _adv._, just as, so as.
+
++signĭfĭco+, 1 _v. a._, I show, make known, signify, beckon. (signum,
+făcio.)
+
++signum+, -i, _n._, sign, emblem.
+
++sĭlentium+, -ii, _n._, silence, (sĭleo.)
+
++silvestris+, -e, _adj._, woody. (silva.)
+
++sĭmŭl+, _adv._, at once, at same time.
+
++sĭmŭlācrum+, -i, _n._, image, representation, appearance. (sĭmĭlis,
+sĭmŭlo.)
+
++sĭmŭlo+, 1 _v. a._, I pretend. (similis.)
+
++sīn+, _conj._, but if. (si, ne.)
+
++sĭnĕ+, _prep. gov. abl._, without.
+
++sĭno+, sīvi, sĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I set down; I allow.
+
++sĭnus+, -us, _m._, folds of garment, bosom.
+
++sisto+, stiti, statum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I cause to stand, I stand.
+Se sistere, to present oneself, appear, (sto, ἵστημι.)
+
++sĭtus+, -a, -um, _part._ from sĭno, situated.
+
++sīvĕ+ (or seu), _conj._, or if. Sive ... sive, whether ... or.
+
++sōbrius+, -a, -um, _adj._, not drunk, sober, moderate.
+
++Sōcrătes+, -is or -i, _m._, Socrates. (Σωκράτης.)
+
++sōl+, sōlis, _m._, sun.
+
++sōlemnis+ (or +solennis+ or +sollennis+), -e, _adj._, annual, stated,
+customary, solemn. (sollus, whole, cf. ὅλος.)
+
++sŏleo+, -itus, 2 _v. n._, I am accustomed.
+
++sollers+, -ertis, _adj._, skilled: with gen. (sollus, whole.)
+
++sōlus+, -a, -um, _adj._, alone. (Cf. sollus, whole.)
+
++solvo+, -lvi, -lūtum, 3 _v. a._, I release, set loose. (se·luo.)
+
++somnium+, -ii, _n._, dream. (somnus, ὕπνος.)
+
++sŏnōrus+, -a, -um, _adj._, loud. (sŏnus.)
+
++Sŏphocles+, -is and -i, _m._, Sophocles. (Σοφοκλῆς.)
+
++Sp.+ for +Spurius+, -i, _m._, Spurius.
+
++spargo+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I sprinkle, strew.
+
++spĕcŭlor+, -atus, 1 _v. dep. a._, I spy out, reconnoitre. (spĕcio,
+spĕcŭla, watch tower.)
+
++specto+, 1 _v. a._, I gaze at. (Intens. form of spĕcio.)
+
++spĕcus+, -us, _m._, cave.
+
++spēs+, -ei, _f._, hope. (Cf. spēro.)
+
++splendor+, -ōris, _m._, magnificence. (splendeo, I shine.)
+
++spŏlium+, -ii, _n._, spoil, booty.
+
++stătim+, _adv._, immediately. (sto.)
+
++stătus+, -us, _m._, position. (sto.)
+
++stirps+, stirpis, _f._, rarely _m._, stem, root.
+
++sto+, stĕti, stătum, stāre, 1 _v. n._, I stand. (ἵστημι.)
+
++stŏlo+, -ōnis, _m._, sucker of tree.
+
++strēnuus+, -a, -um, _adj._, active, energetic. (Cf. στερεός, hard.)
+
++struo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I build up.
+
++stŭdeo+, -ui, no sup., 2 _v. a._, I am eager, I strive.
+
++stŭdium+, -ii, _n._, zeal, study. (stŭdeo.)
+
++stultus+, -a, -um, _adj._, foolish.
+
++stŭpĕ·făcio+, -fēci, -factum, 3 _v. a._, I make stupid or senseless;
+I amaze. (stŭpeo.)
+
++suādeo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I persuade. (Cf. suāvis.)
+
++sŭb+, _prep. gov. acc._ and _abl._, under.
+
++sub·do+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I place under.
+
++sublātissĭmus+, _superl._ of sublātus, from tollo, very high.
+
++sŭbŏles+, -is, _f._, shoot. (sub, ŏlesco, grow.)
+
++sub·verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I overthrow.
+
++suc·cēdo+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I go under, go from under,
+ascend, advance. (sub, cēdo.)
+
++suffrāgium+, -ii, _n._, vote.
+
++Sulla+, -ae, _m._, Sulla.
+
++sum+, fui, esse, _v. n._, I am.
+
++summus+, -a, -um, _adj._, highest; _superl._ fr. sŭpĕrus, sŭpĕrior,
+sūprēmus or summus.
+
++sŭpĕr+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._ and _abl._, above, over, on,
+about.
+
++sŭperbia+, -ae, _f._, pride. (sŭperbus.)
+
++sŭperbus+, -a, -um, _adj._, proud, haughty. (sŭper.)
+
++sŭpĕrior+, -us, _adj._, higher, former; comp. fr. sŭpĕrus, supĕrior,
+sū̆prēmus or summus.
+
++sŭpĕro, 1+ _v. a._, I overcome. (sŭper.)
+
++sŭperstes+, -ĭtis, _adj._, surviving.
+
++supplĭcium+, -ii, _n._, punishment. (supplex.)
+
++sursum+, _adv._, from below. (sub-versum.)
+
++suus+, -a, -um, _reflex. adj. pron._, his own, her own, its own.
+
++synanchē+, -es, _f._, (συνάγχη), a sore throat.
+
+
++T.+, for Titus, -i, _m._, Titus.
+
++tăberna+, -ae, _f._, shop. (Cf. tăbŭla, plank.)
+
++tăbŭlātūm+, -i, _n._, floor. (tăbŭla, plank.)
+
++tăceo+, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I am silent, pass over in silence.
+
++tăcĭtus+, -a, -um, _part._ from taceo, not spoken of, silent.
+
++taedium+, -ii, _n._, weariness. (taedet.)
+
++Taenărum+, -i, _n._, and Taenărus, -i, _m._ and _f._, Taenarum and
+Taenarus.
+
++tălentum+, -i, _n._, talent (sum of money, £243 15s.). (τάλαντον.)
+
++tālis+, -e, _adj._, of such a kind, such.
+
++tam+, _adv._, so.
+
++tămen+, _adv._, however.
+
++tam·quam+, _adv._, just as, as if, as it were.
+
++tandem+, _adv._, at last.
+
++tantus+, -a, -um, _adj._, so great.
+
++Tarquĭnius+, -ii, _m._, Tarquin.
+
++tēlum+, i., _n._, dart.
+
++tempĕrantia+, -ae, _f._, moderation, temperance. (tempĕro, tempus.)
+
++tempestīvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, seasonable, ripe. (tempus.)
+
++templum+, -i, _n._, temple.
+
++tempus+, -ŏris, _n._, time.
+
++tĕneo+, tĕnui, tentum, 2 _v. a._, I hold, keep. Cursum teneo, I hold on
+a course.
+
++tĕnŭis+, -e, _adj._, drawn out, thin, slender. (tĕneo.)
+
++terra+, -ae, land, country.
+
++terreo+, 2 _v. a._, I alarm. (τρέω.)
+
++terrĭfĭcus+, -a, -um, alarming, terrible. (terreo, făcio.)
+
++tertius+, -a, -um, _adj._, third. (ter.)
+
++testis+, -is, _c._, witness. (testor.)
+
++Thrācus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Thracian.
+
++Tib.+, for Tĭbĕrius, -ii, _m._, Tiberius.
+
++tībia+, -ae, _f._, pipe, flute.
+
++tībīcēn+, -ĭnis, _m._, flute-player. (For tibĭĭcen, fr. tībĭă, căno.)
+
++Tīmŏchăres+, -is and -i, _m._, Timochares.
+
++tŏga+, -ae, _f._, a garment, a toga. (tĕgo.)
+
++tollo+, sustŭli, sublātum, 3 _v. a._, I raise. (Cf. tŭli, tŏlĕro.)
+
++Torquātus+, -i, _m._, Torquatus.
+
++torques+ (and +torquis+), -is, _m._ and _f._, twisted necklace or
+collar. (torqueo.)
+
++torreo+, torrui, tostum, 2 _v. a._, I roast.
+
++tōtus+, -a, -um, _adj._, all, whole.
+
++tracto+, 1 _v. a._, I handle, treat, polish. (Intens. of trăho.)
+
++trādo+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I hand over, give up, hand down,
+relate. (trans, do.)
+
++trans·curro+, -curri and -cŭcurri, -cursum, 3 _v. n._, I run past,
+I pass.
+
++trans·ĭgo+, -ēgi, -actum, 3 _v. a._, I drive through, I pierce. (ăgo.)
+
++transĭlio+, -īvi or -ui, no sup., 4 _v. a._ and _n._, I leap across,
+leap over. (trans, sălio.)
+
++trĕmĭbundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, full of trembling. (trĕmo.)
+
++trĕpĭdans+, -antis, _part._ fr. trepido, trembling.
+
++trĕpĭdo+, 1 _v. n._, I am in a state of confusion or alarm. (Cf.
+τρέπω.)
+
++trēs+, tria, _numer._, three. (τρεῖς, τρία.)
+
++trĭbūnus+, -i, _m._, tribune. (Lit., the chief of a tribe, trĭbus.)
+
++trīduum+, -i, _n._, space of three days. (tres, dies, _sc._ spătium.)
+
++triennium+, -ii, _n._, space of three years. (tres, annus, _sc._
+spătium.)
+
++trĭgĕmĭnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, three born at a birth. (tres, geminus.)
+
++triumpho+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I triumph. (triumphus.)
+
++triumphus+, -i, _m._, a triumph. (θρίαμβος, procession in honour of
+Bacchus.)
+
++tu+, _pers. pron._, thou. (σύ.)
+
++tum+, _adv._, then.
+
++tŭmultus+, -us, _m._, disturbance. (tŭmeo.)
+
++tunc+, _adv._, then. (tum-ce.)
+
++turba+, -ae, _f._, uproar, crowd.
+
++turpis+, -e, _adj._, base.
+
++turris+, -is, _f._, turret, tower.
+
++tūtē+, _adv._, safely. (tutus.)
+
++tūtor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I watch, defend. (tueor.)
+
++tūtus+, -a, -um, _adj._, safe. (tueor.)
+
++tuus+, -a, -um, _adj._, thy. (tu.)
+
+
++ūber+, -ĕris, _adj._, rich, fertile.
+
++ŭbī̆+, _adv._, _relat._ and _interrog._, where, when. Ubi primum,
+as soon as.
+
++ŭbī·quĕ+, _adv._, wherever, everywhere, anywhere.
+
++ullus+, -a, -um, _adj._, any. (For ūnŭlus, demin. of ūnus.)
+
++ultĭmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, farthest, super. fr. [ulter, obsolete; cf.
+ultra] ultĕrior, ultimus.
+
++ultrā+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, beyond. (Cf. ultĭmus.)
+
++ultro+, _adv._, beyond, besides, of one’s own accord. (Cf. ultimus.)
+
++unda+, -ae, _f._, wave.
+
++un·dē·vīcēsĭmus+, -a, -um, _adj._, nineteenth.
+
++undĭquĕ+, _adv._, from or on all sides. (unde-que.)
+
++unguis+, -is, _m._, nail or talon. (ὄνυξ.)
+
++ūnĭcē+, _adv._, solely, especially. (unĭcus, unus.)
+
++ūnĭversus+, -a, -um, _adj._, all together. (unus, verto, turned into
+one.)
+
++unquam+, or +umquam+, _adv._, at any time, ever.
+
++ūnus+, -a, -um, _numer._, one.
+
++urbānus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the city. (urbs.)
+
++urbĭcus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the city. (urbs.)
+
++urbs+, -is, _f._, city.
+
++urgeo+, ursi, no sup., 2 _v. a._, I press on, press hard upon, urge.
+
++urna+, -ae, _f._, urn. (Properly a vessel of burnt clay; ūro, I burn.)
+
++ursīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, like a bear. (ursus.)
+
++usquam+, _adv._, anywhere, in anything. (For ubs·quam, from ŭbi.)
+
++usquĕ+, _adv._, all the way, always. Usque adeo, to such an extent.
+(For ubs·que, from ŭbi.)
+
++ūsus+, -us, _m._, use, advantage. (ūtor.)
+
++ŭt+, ŭtī, with _indic._, as, when; ut ... sic, _correlatives_, as ...
+so; with _subj._, in order that, so that.
+
++ŭter·quĕ+, ū̆trăque, ū̆trumque, _adj. pron._, both, each.
+
++ūtĭlis+, -e, _adj._, useful. (ūtor.)
+
++ūtor+, ūsus, 3 _v. dep._, I use; with _abl._
+
++ū̆trum+, _interrog. adv._, whether. (ŭter.)
+
++uxor+, -ōris, _f._, wife.
+
+
++vădĭmōnium+, -ii, _n._, bail. (văs, a surety.)
+
++vădor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I bind over by bail. (văs.)
+
++văleo+, 2 _v. n._, I am strong, I am of value. In leave-taking, vălē,
+etc., farewell.
+
++Vălĕrius+, -ii, _m._, Valerius.
+
++vălĭdus+, -a, -um, _adj._, strong. (văleo.)
+
++vălītūdo (or vălētūdo)+, -ĭnis, _f._, health. (văleo.)
+
++vallum+, -i, _n._, a rampart with palisades. (vallus, a stake.)
+
++vărius+, -a, -um, _adj._, diverse, different.
+
++vastūs+, -a, -um, _adj._, empty, immense.
+
++-vĕ+, _enclitic_, or.
+
++vecto+, 1 _v. a._, I carry. (_intens._ of vĕho.)
+
++vĕho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I carry.
+
++vēlox+, -ōcis, _adj._, swift. (Cf. vŏlo, -āre, I fly.)
+
++vĕl·ŭt+, +vĕl·ŭti+, _adv._, just as, as if.
+
++vēnātio+, -ōnis, _f._, hunting. (vēnor.)
+
++vendo+, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 _v. a._, I sell. (vēnum, do.)
+
++vĕnēnum+, -i, _n._, poison.
+
++vĕnia+, -ae, _f._, pardon. Bonâ veniâ, by your kind leave.
+
++vĕnio+, vēni, ventum, 4 _v. n._, I come.
+
++vēnor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I hunt.
+
++vēnum+, -i, _n._, sale. In classical writers only in acc. sing.
+
++ventĭto+, 1 _v. n._, I come frequently. (Intens. of vĕnio.)
+
++verber+, -ĕris, _n._, scourge, blow.
+
++verbum+, -i, _n._, word.
+
++Vergilius+, -ii, _m._, Vergil.
+
++vērō+, _adv._, in truth, but indeed. (vērus.)
+
++versus+, -us, _m._, a line, verse. (verto.)
+
++vertex+, -ĭcis, _m._, whirlpool, top, head. (verto.)
+
++verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I turn; in _pass._ also with abl., I turn
+upon, depend upon.
+
++vērus+, -a, -um, _adj._, true.
+
++vester+, -tra, -trum, _poss. pron._, your. (vos.)
+
++vestīgium+, -ii, _n._, footprint, sole of foot. (vestīgo, I track.)
+
++vestio+, 4 _v. a._, I clothe. (vestis, garment.)
+
++vĕtus+, -ĕris, _adj._, old.
+
++via+, -ae, _f._, road, way.
+
++vī̆bro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I brandish, I shake.
+
++vīcĭes+, _adv._, twenty times.
+
++vīcīnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, neighbouring; as _subst._, a neighbour.
+(vīcus, hamlet.)
+
++victōria+, -ae, _f._, victory. (victor, vinco.)
+
++victus+, -us, _m._, food, way of life. (vīvo.)
+
++vĭdeo+, vīdi, vīsum, 2 _v. a._, I see; in _pass._, I seem.
+Impersonally, videtur mihi, it seems good to me.
+
++vīginti+, _numer._, twenty.
+
++vĭgor+, ōris, _m._, force, strength. (vĭgeo, I flourish.)
+
++vincio+, -nxi, -nctum, 4 _v. a._, I bind.
+
++vinco+, vīci, victum, 3 _v. a._, I conquer.
+
++vindĭco+, 1 _v. a._, I avenge. (vim-dico, I assert authority.)
+
++vīnum+, -i, _n._, vine, wine. (οἶνος.)
+
++viŏlens+, -entis, _adj._, impetuous. (vis.)
+
++vir+, vĭri, _m._, man, husband.
+
++virgultum+, -i, _n._, twig. (For virgŭlētum, fr. virgŭla, demin. of
+virga, branch, twig.)
+
++virtūs+, -ūtis, _f._, valour. (vir.)
+
++vis+ (vim, vi, no _gen. sing._, _plur._ vīres, etc.), _f._, strength,
+force. (ἴς.)
+
++vīso+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I behold. (Intens. of vĭdeo.)
+
++vīta+, -ae, _f._, life. (vivo.)
+
++vītis+, -is, _f._, vine.
+
++vīvo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. n._, I live.
+
++vŏco+, 1 _v. a._, I call. (vox.)
+
++volgus+ (or +vulgus+), -i, _n._, rarely _m._, common people; in _abl._,
+volgo, as _adv._, commonly.
+
++vŏlo+, -ui, no sup., velle, 3 _v. a._, I wish for. Quid hoc sibi vult,
+what does this mean.
+
++vŏlo+, 1 _v. n._, I fly.
+
++vŏluntārius+, -a, -um, _adj._, voluntary. (vŏlo, I wish.)
+
++vos+, _plur._ of tu, you.
+
++vox+, vōcis, _f._, voice, expression. (vŏco.)
+
++vulgus+ and +vulgo+. Cf. volgus.
+
++vulnus+, or +volnus+, -ēris, _n._, wound. (Cf. vello, I tear.)
+
++vultus+, -us, _m._, countenance.
+
+
++Xanthippe+, -es, _f._, Xanthippe. (Ξανθίππη.)
+
+
+
+
+ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
+
+_For details about Latin words turn to the Latin-English Vocabulary._
+
+
++abandon+, desino.
+
++able, I am+, possum.
+
++about+, de.
+
++accompany+ (home), prosequor.
+
++accomplishment+, disciplina.
+
++account+, ratio.
+
++account, on account of+, propter.
+
++acquit+, absolvo.
+
++act+, ago.
+
++actor+, histrio, actor.
+
++adjourn+, profero, differo.
+
++administer+ (justice), dico (jus).
+
++advance+, incedo, procedo, prodeo, progredior.
+
++advanced+ (in age), grandis (natu).
+
++advantageous to+, e, ex.
+
++advise+, moneo.
+
++after+, post.
+
++afterwards+, postea, posthac.
+
++again+, denuo, iterum.
+
++against+, adversus, adversum, in.
+
++age+, natus.
+
++agree+, convenio.
+
++alarm, in+, trepidans.
+
++all+, omnis.
+
++allowed, it is+, licet.
+
++almost+, fere, prope.
+
++alone+, solus.
+
++alum+, alumen.
+
++ambassador+, legatus.
+
++amusing+, hilaris, iucundus.
+
++and+, et, atque, -que.
+
++animal+, bestia, fera.
+
++announce+, praedico.
+
++another+, alius.
+
++anxious+, cupidus.
+
++appear+, videor.
+
++appearance+, aspectus.
+
++apple-tree+, pomum.
+
++approve+, probo.
+
++arms+, arma.
+
++army+, exercitus.
+
++arouse+, excito.
+
++arrest+, adprehendo.
+
++as+, ut, velut.
+
++as if, as though+, quasi.
+
++ask+, interrogo, rogo; peto, oro.
+
++ask for+, peto, oro.
+
++ascribe+, acceptum refero.
+
++assembly+, contio.
+
++assist+, adiuvo.
+
++astound+, stupefacio.
+
++at+, in.
+
++athletics+, ars athletica.
+
++attack+, oppugno, pugno in, incurro.
+
++attendant+, aeditumus.
+
++attract attention+, converto oculos, animum.
+
++author+, scriptor.
+
+
++back, in the+, aversus.
+
++bad-tempered+, morosus.
+
++bail+, vadimonium.
+
++barbarian+, barbarus.
+
++bark+, latro.
+
++battle+, pugna, proelium.
+
++bear+ (_v._), fero.
+
++bear-like+, ursinus.
+
++beauty+, pulchritudo.
+
++because+, quod.
+
++beckon+, significo.
+
++before+, ante, coram.
+
++begin+, coepi.
+
++behead+, securi percutio.
+
++believe+, credo.
+
++bend+, flecto.
+
++besiege+, obsideo.
+
++betake+, adfero.
+
++bird+, avis.
+
++blaze+, flagro.
+
++block+, insula.
+
++blood-stained+, cruentus.
+
++blow+, verber.
+
++blush+, erubesco.
+
++bodily+, _genitive of_ corpus.
+
++body+, corpus.
+
++boldly+, intrepidus.
+
++bone+, os.
+
++book+, liber.
+
++both+, uterque,
+
++both ... and+, et ... et.
+
++boy+, puer.
+
++brand+ (with mark of infamy), adficio.
+
++brave+, fortis, strenuus.
+
++brazen+, aeneus.
+
++break+, infringo.
+
++bribery+, ambitus.
+
++bridge+, pons.
+
++bring+, fero.
+
++bring in+, introduco.
+
++brother+, frater.
+
++build+, struo, condo, congero.
+
++burn+, ardeo, deuro.
+
++but+, sed, at.
+
++buy+, emo, mercor.
+
++by no means+, nequaquam, haudquaquam.
+
+
++call+, appello, voco.
+
++called+, nomine.
+
++camp+, castra.
+
++can+, possum.
+
++carry+, fero, vecto.
+
++carry back+, refero.
+
++carry to+, asporto.
+
++case+, causa, res.
+
++cause+, (_v._), curo _with gerundive_.
+
++cautious+, cautus.
+
++cavalry+, equitatus.
+
++cave+, specus.
+
++cease+, omitto.
+
++censor+, censor.
+
++centre+, media pars.
+
++certain, a+ (_indef._), quidam.
+
++certainly+, procul dubio.
+
++challenge+, provoco.
+
++chance, by+, forte.
+
++chariot+, currus.
+
++charm+, demulceo.
+
++choose+, deligo, eligo.
+
++citizen+, civis.
+
++city+, urbs.
+
++city, in the+ (_adj._), urbanus, urbicus.
+
++clever+, astutus.
+
++collect+, comparo.
+
++come+, venio.
+
++come to+, pervenio.
+
++comedy+, comoedia.
+
++command+, imperium.
+
++command+ (army), rego.
+
++conceal+, celo.
+
++condemn+, condemno, damno.
+
++confidence+, confidentia.
+
++congratulation+, gratulatio.
+
++conquer+, vinco, supero.
+
++consider+, habeo; +I am considered+, videor, habeor.
+
++conspiracy+, coniuratio.
+
++consult+, consulo, consulto.
+
++contest+, certamen.
+
++control+, impero.
+
++conversation+, sermo.
+
++converse with+, colloquor.
+
++cook+, torreo.
+
++corn+, sementes.
+
++correct+, corrigo.
+
++country+ (_adj._), rusticus.
+
++courage+, animus.
+
++course+, cursus.
+
++cowardice+, ignavia.
+
++credulity+, credulitas.
+
++crop+, seges.
+
++crowd+, turba, caterva.
+
++crown+ (_s._), corona.
+
++crown+ (_v._), corono.
+
++cry+, conclamo.
+
++custom+, mos.
+
++cut off+, decido, praecido.
+
+
++daily+, quotidianus.
+
++dare+, audeo.
+
++dart+, telum.
+
++daughter+, filia.
+
++dawn+, prima lux.
+
++day+, dies.
+
++death+, mors, exitus e vita; (condemn to) +death+, capitis (damno.)
+
++deceive+, fallo.
+
++deed+, facinus, factum.
+
++defeat+, vinco, supero.
+
++defend+, defendo.
+
++defendant+, reus.
+
++demand+ (_s._), postulatum, postulatio.
+
++demand+ (_v._), posco.
+
++depart+, digredior.
+
++depend on+, vertor in.
+
++desert+ (_s._), locus desertus.
+
++desert+ (_v._), descisco ab.
+
++desire+, opto.
+
++despise+, contemno.
+
++difficulty, of+ (_adj._), difficilis.
+
++direct+, dirigo.
+
++discover+, detego.
+
++dissipate+, digero.
+
++distance, at a+, procul.
+
++distant+, longus.
+
++divine+, divinus.
+
++do+, facio.
+
++doe+, cerva.
+
++dog+, canis.
+
++dolphin+, delphin.
+
++dominion+, dicio.
+
++draw up+, instruo.
+
++dreadful+, inmanis.
+
++dream+, somnium.
+
++dress+, induo.
+
++drink+, haurio.
+
++drive+, cogo; (from home), exigo.
+
++duty+, officium.
+
++dying+, moribundus.
+
+
++each+, quisque.
+
++ear+, auris.
+
++easily+, faciliter.
+
++educate+, educo.
+
++eight+, octo.
+
++eighty+, octoginta.
+
++elephant+, elephantus.
+
++emblem+, signum.
+
++embrace+, amplector.
+
++endeavour+, conor.
+
++enemy+, hostis, inimicus.
+
++energetic+, acer.
+
++enormous+, ingens, vastus.
+
++enough+, satis.
+
++enter+, introeo, ascendo in.
+
++equal+, par.
+
++except+, nisi, praeter.
+
++exchange+, permutatio.
+
++exile+, exilium.
+
++expression+, vox.
+
++extraordinary+, egregius.
+
++eye+, oculus.
+
+
++fable+, fabula.
+
++face+, os.
+
++facing+, adversum, adversus.
+
++fall down+, concido.
+
++famous+, praeclarus, famâ celebri.
+
++farm+, fundus.
+
++father+, pater, paterfamilias.
+
++favourable+, mollis.
+
++fear+, metus.
+
++feature+, lineamentum.
+
++field+, ager.
+
++fight+, pugno.
+
++figure+, simulacrum.
+
++find+, invenio.
+
++fine+, pecunia.
+
++finger+, digitus.
+
++fire+, ignis, incendium.
+
++first+, primus.
+
++first at+, primum.
+
++fit+, aptus.
+
++five+, quinque.
+
++five times+, quinquies.
+
++flight+, fuga.
+
++flower+, flos.
+
++flute+, tibiae.
+
++flute-player+, tibicen.
+
++fly+, volo.
+
++foliage+, comae.
+
++follow+, prosequor.
+
++fond+, cupidus.
+
++food+, cibus, victus, pabulum.
+
++foot+, pes.
+
++for+, enim, nam.
+
++forbid+, interdico.
+
++forces+, copiae.
+
++foretell+, praedico.
+
++form+, conformo, fingo.
+
++formerly+, antea.
+
++fortify+, munio.
+
++free+, libero.
+
++friend+, amicus, familiaris.
+
++frighten+, consterno.
+
++from+, e, ex; a, ab.
+
++from all sides+, undique.
+
++front, in+, adversus.
+
++fruitful+, felix, fecundus, uber.
+
++full speed, at+, citato cursu.
+
+
++gain+, adipiscor, mihi obvenit.
+
++gain possession of+, potior.
+
++general+, imperator.
+
++gift+, praemium, donum.
+
++give+, do, reddo.
+
++give account of+, rationem reddo.
+
++give advice+, praecipio, moneo.
+
++give bail+, vadimonium dare, promittere.
+
++give thanks+, gratias ago.
+
++give vote+, sententiam fero.
+
++glitter+, mico.
+
++go+, eo, cedo.
+
++god+, deus.
+
++gold+ (_adj._), aureus.
+
++good+, bonus.
+
++good for, I am+, valeo.
+
++grass+, gramen.
+
++great+, magnus.
+
++greedy+, avarus.
+
++grieve+, doleo.
+
++groan+, gemitus edo.
+
++ground+, locus.
+
++grow+, nascor.
+
++guard+, custodio.
+
++guard, I am on my+, caveo.
+
+
++half+, dimidium.
+
++hand+, manus.
+
++hand to+, trado.
+
++happen+, fio, accido.
+
++harmless+, sine noxâ.
+
++harsh+, asper.
+
++harvest+, messis.
+
++haste, make+, propero.
+
++haughtily+, per superbiam.
+
++have+, habeo.
+
++head+, caput.
+
++hear+, audio.
+
++health+, valetudo.
+
++heart+, cor.
+
++heaven, by+, divinitus.
+
++height+, proceries, magnitudo.
+
++help+ (_s._), auxilium.
+
++help+ (_v._), adjuvo.
+
++herself+, ipsa, se.
+
++hide+, recondo, delitesco.
+
++high, many stories+, multis tabulatis editus.
+
++his+, suus, ejus.
+
++hold on+, teneo.
+
++hollow+, caverna.
+
++home+, domus.
+
++honour+, honor; +in honour of+, ob honorem.
+
++honourable+, honestus.
+
++hope+, spes.
+
++horse+, equus.
+
++host+, hospes.
+
++house+, aedes.
+
++how+, quomodo.
+
++hundred+, centum.
+
++hunt+, venatio.
+
+
++ignorant+, imperitus.
+
++immediately+, statim.
+
++immense+, inmensus.
+
++impertinence+, petulantia.
+
++important+, magnus.
+
++in+, in.
+
++in honour of+, ob honorem.
+
++infamy+, ignominia.
+
++inflamed-throat+, synanche.
+
++inhabit+, incolo, colo.
+
++inroad+, incursio.
+
++insult+, contumeliâ afficio.
+
++interpreter+, interpres.
+
++invent+, comminiscor.
+
+
++jeer at+, eludo, inrideo.
+
++judge+, iudex.
+
++justice+, ius.
+
+
++keep+, retineo.
+
++kill+, occido, interficio.
+
++king+, rex.
+
++know+, scio, percallesco.
+
+
++labour+, labor.
+
++lack+, desum.
+
++lame+, debilis.
+
++land+, terra.
+
++language+, lingua.
+
++large+, magnus, ingens.
+
++large sum of+, grandis.
+
++lark+, cassita.
+
++laugh at+, derideo.
+
++laurel+ (_s._), laurus.
+
++laurel+ (_adj._), laureus.
+
++law+, lex.
+
++law-suit+, lis.
+
++leader+, dux.
+
++leaf+, frons.
+
++leave+, relinquo.
+
++leg+, crus.
+
++lend+, dare ... mutuum.
+
++lick+, lambo, demulceo.
+
++lie+, mendacium.
+
++lies, tell+, mentior.
+
++life+, vita, caput.
+
++lifeless+, exanguis.
+
++like+, more (_with adj. or gen._).
+
++line+ (+of battle+), acies.
+
++linger+, demoror.
+
++lion+, leo.
+
++live+, vivo.
+
++loiterer+, cessator.
+
++long while, for a+, diu.
+
++loose, let+, emitto.
+
++lose+, amitto.
+
++loud+, sublatus, magnus.
+
++love+, amo.
+
++luxuriant+, laetus.
+
++lyre+, fides.
+
+
++mad, I am+, deliro.
+
++magnificence+, splendor.
+
++maintain+, retineo, contendo.
+
++make+, facio, reddo.
+
++make haste+, propero.
+
++man+, homo.
+
++manœuvre+, converto.
+
++many+, multus.
+
++many sorts of+, varius.
+
++mark+, nota.
+
++marriage+, matrimonium.
+
++married to, I am+, nubo.
+
++marsh+, palus.
+
++marvellous+, mirandus.
+
++master+, dommus, magister.
+
++matron+, materfamilias.
+
++matter+, res.
+
++mean, what does this+, quid hoc sibi vult.
+
++medicine+, medicina, res medicina.
+
++meet+, obviam fio.
+
++mid-day+, (_s._), dies medius.
+
++mid-day+, (_adj._), meridianus.
+
++middle+, medius.
+
++military+, militaris.
+
++mimic hunt+, pugna venationis.
+
++modern+, praesens.
+
++money+, pecunia.
+
++mother+, mater.
+
++motionless+, immobilis.
+
++mount+, inscendo.
+
++mourn for+, lugeo.
+
++mourning+, habitus lugubris.
+
++mouth+, os.
+
++much+, multus, grandis.
+
++much+, as much as, tantus ... quantus.
+
++must+, necesse est.
+
++my+, meus.
+
++myself+, ego ipse.
+
+
++name+, nomen, cognomen.
+
++nation+, gens.
+
++natural position+, natura.
+
++near+, prope.
+
++necessary+, necesse.
+
++neck+, collum.
+
++neck-lace+, torquis.
+
++neglect+, negligo.
+
++neighbour+, vicinus.
+
++neighbouring+, proximus.
+
++nest+, nidus.
+
++never+, nunquam, nusquam.
+
++next+, posterus.
+
++next day+, postridie.
+
++night+, nox.
+
++nine+, novem.
+
++no one+, nemo, nullus.
+
++not+, non, haud.
+
++number+, numerus.
+
+
++oak+, quercus.
+
++oath+, iusiurandum.
+
++obey+, pareo.
+
++offer+, offero.
+
++offspring+, fetus.
+
++often+, saepe.
+
++old+, antiquus, vetus.
+
++old days, in+, antiquitus.
+
++old-fashioned+, priscus.
+
++old woman+, anus.
+
++olive+, oleum.
+
++on, in+, super.
+
++one+, unus.
+
++one day+, quodam die.
+
++only+, modo.
+
++opinion, I am of+, censeo.
+
++oppose+, loquor contra.
+
++oracle+, oraculum.
+
++order+, jubeo, impero.
+
++order that, in+, ut, quo.
+
++other+, alius.
+
++others, the+, ceteri.
+
++ought+, debeo, _or gerundive_.
+
++out of+, e, ex.
+
++own, his+, suus.
+
++owner+, dominus.
+
+
++palm+, palma.
+
++pardon+, poenâ solvo.
+
++pass+ (sentence), fero (sententiam).
+
++pay+, do, solvo.
+
++peace+, pax.
+
++people+, populus, vulgus.
+
++perch on+, insisto.
+
++perfect+, integer.
+
++perform+, facio.
+
++perish+, pereo.
+
++persuade+, persuadeo.
+
++philosopher+, philosophus.
+
++pierce+, perfodio.
+
++pitiable+, miserandus.
+
++place+, (_s._), locus.
+
++place+ (hope), habeo (spem).
+
++place in+, condo.
+
++place on+, impono, pono.
+
++plague+, pestilentia.
+
++plain+, campus.
+
++plan+, consilium.
+
++plant+, consero.
+
++play+, cano.
+
++plead+, verba facere.
+
++poison+, venenum.
+
++polish+, tracto.
+
++position, natural+, natura.
+
++possession, take+, potior.
+
++praise+, laus.
+
++pray+, obsecro, oro.
+
++present+, dono, offero.
+
++pretend+, simulo.
+
++prevent, to+, ut ne, ne.
+
++price+, pretium.
+
++prisoner+, captivus.
+
++produce+, pario, edo, profero.
+
++promise+, promitto.
+
++proof+, argumentum.
+
++property+, praedium.
+
++propose+, censeo.
+
++provided with+, copiosus.
+
++prune+, amputo.
+
++publicly+, publice.
+
++pull out+, revello.
+
++pull up+, revello.
+
++punish+, vindico, punio, multo.
+
++pupil+, auditor.
+
+
++quarrelsome+, litigiosus.
+
+
++ravage+, depopulor.
+
++raven+, corvus.
+
++read+, recito.
+
++reap+, meto.
+
++receive+, accipio, fero.
+
++recover+, recupero.
+
++refuse+, nolo.
+
++rejoicing+ (_s._), laetitia.
+
++rejoicing+ (_adj._), laetus.
+
++relate+, narro, trado.
+
++relation+, cognatus.
+
++remain+, maneo.
+
++remaining+, reliquus.
+
++remains+, reliquiae.
+
++remarkable+, eximius.
+
++remedy+, remedium.
+
++reply+, respondeo.
+
++reproach+, obiicio.
+
++restore+, reddo.
+
++return+, redeo.
+
++returns+ (_s._), reditus.
+
++reward+, praemium.
+
++rise+, exurgo, resurgo.
+
++road+, via.
+
++roaring+, fremitus.
+
++room+, cubiculum.
+
++rough+, rudis.
+
+
++safe+, salvus, incolumis.
+
++safety+, salus.
+
++sailor+, nauta.
+
++same+, idem.
+
++save+, servo.
+
++say+, dico, narro.
+
++scorn+, aspernor.
+
++sea+, mare.
+
++search for+, quaero, requiro.
+
++seated on+, insidens.
+
++secret+, clandestinus, tacitus.
+
++secretly+, tacite.
+
++see+, video.
+
++sell+, vendo.
+
++senate+, senatus.
+
++senate-house+, curia.
+
++senator+, senator.
+
++send+, mitto.
+
++send for+, arcesso.
+
++sentence+, sententia.
+
++separate+, separo.
+
++shake+, vibro.
+
++shame+, pudor.
+
++shapeless+, informis.
+
++shield+, scutum.
+
++shine+, praefulgeo.
+
++ship+, navis.
+
++shoulder+, humerus.
+
++shout+, clamor.
+
++show+, ostendo.
+
++shut in+, includo.
+
++shut up+, claudo.
+
++sickle+, falx.
+
++siege+, obsideo.
+
++sigh+, murmura edo.
+
++sight+, aspectus.
+
++sight, in my+, me inspectante.
+
++silent, I am+, taceo.
+
++silently+, tacite.
+
++silver+ (_adj._), argenteus.
+
++sing+, cano.
+
++sister+, soror.
+
++sit+, sedeo.
+
++situated+, situs.
+
++six+, sex.
+
++size+, corpus.
+
++skill+, ars, disciplina.
+
++skilled+, peritus, sollers.
+
++slave+, servus.
+
++slay+, transigo.
+
++sleep+, quiesco.
+
++small+, parvus.
+
++smear+, lino.
+
++so+, ita, itaque.
+
++soldier+, miles.
+
++son+, filius.
+
++song+, carmen.
+
++soon+, mox.
+
++spare+, parco.
+
++speak+, loquor, dico, enuntio.
+
++spear+, telum.
+
++speed, at full+, citato cursu.
+
++speed+, celeritas.
+
++spoil+, praeda.
+
++spring into+, transilio.
+
++spring down+, desilio.
+
++stand+, sto.
+
++stand forth+, exto.
+
++stand still+, consisto.
+
++state+, respublica.
+
++stem+, lignum.
+
++stern+, puppis.
+
++story+, tabulatum (of house); apologus (tale).
+
++strength+, vis.
+
++strengthen+, firmo.
+
++stretch out+, protendo.
+
++strike+, percutio.
+
++strong+, validus, violentas.
+
++success, with+, prospere.
+
++such+, talis, ejusmodi.
+
++sucker+, suboles.
+
++suddenly+, repente.
+
++suffer from+, patior.
+
++summon+, arcesso.
+
++sunrise+, lucis ortus, sol oriens.
+
++supply+, copia.
+
++surpass+, praesto.
+
++surround+, cingo.
+
++sword+, gladius.
+
+
++tail+, cauda.
+
++take+, capio, fero.
+
++take from+, detraho.
+
++take to flight+, in fugam me proripio.
+
++take possession of+, potior.
+
++take refuge in+, concedo in.
+
++tale+, fabula.
+
++talent+, talentum.
+
++talk with+, colloquor.
+
++teach+, doceo.
+
++tear+, lanio.
+
++tear in pieces+, dilacero, discindo.
+
++tear open+, rescindo, divello.
+
++tell+, dico, narro, enuntio.
+
++tell lies+, mentior.
+
++temple+, templum.
+
++ten+, decem.
+
++term+, condicio.
+
++terrible+, terrificus.
+
++terrified+, territus.
+
++thank+, grates ago, gratias ago.
+
++thanks+, grates, gratiae.
+
++that+, ille, is.
+
++their+, suus, eorum, illorum.
+
++therefore+, itaque.
+
++thing+, res.
+
++think+, puto.
+
++third+, tertius.
+
++this+, hic.
+
++thorn+, stirps.
+
++though+, cum.
+
++three+, tres.
+
++three years+, triennium.
+
++through+, per.
+
++throw+, iacio, coniicio.
+
++throw away+, abiicio.
+
++throw down+, everto.
+
++thus+, ita, sic.
+
++time+, tempus.
+
++time, at the+, in praesens.
+
++tomb+, sepulcrum.
+
++to-morrow+, cras.
+
++towards+, ad.
+
++tower+, turris.
+
++town+, oppidum.
+
++trappings+, insignia.
+
++treachery+, insidiae.
+
++tree+, arbor.
+
++tribune+, tribunus.
+
++triumph+ (_s._), triumphus.
+
++triumph+ (_v._), triumpho.
+
++trust in+, confido.
+
++try+, experior, cognosco.
+
++turn to+ or +on+, refero.
+
++turret+, turris.
+
++twenty+, viginti.
+
++twenty-times+, vicies.
+
++twig+, virgultum.
+
++two+, duo.
+
+
++uncle+, patruus.
+
++understand+, intellego.
+
++undertake+, recipio.
+
++unfinished+, inperfectus.
+
++unfledged+, involucris.
+
++unsettled+, iniudicatus.
+
++unusual+, novus.
+
++unwilling, I am+, nolo.
+
++urn+, urna.
+
++use+, utor, expromo.
+
++useful+, utilis, magno usu _and_ magno usui.
+
+
++vain, in+, frustra.
+
++vast+, ingens.
+
++verdict, I give a+, pronuntio.
+
++verse+, versus.
+
++very+, admodum.
+
++victory+, victoria.
+
++vigour+, vigor.
+
++vine+, vinum.
+
++voice+, vox.
+
++voluntary+, voluntarius.
+
++vote+, sententia.
+
+
++wag+, moveo.
+
++war+, bellum.
+
++warn+, moneo, praemoneo.
+
++warrior+, bellator.
+
++wavering+, ambiguus.
+
++weary, I am, of this+, pertaedet me huius.
+
++weep+, lacrimo.
+
++weep for+, comploro.
+
++weight+, pondus.
+
++well-loved+, amatus.
+
++what+, quis.
+
++whatever+, quicumque.
+
++when+, ubi, cum.
+
++whenever+, ubicumque, cum.
+
++which+, qui.
+
++white+, albus.
+
++who+, quis, qui.
+
++whoever+, quicumque.
+
++whole+, totus.
+
++why+, cur.
+
++wife+, uxor.
+
++wild-beast+, fera, bestia.
+
++wild-beast, of a+, (_adj._), ferinus.
+
++willingly+, libenter.
+
++win+, vinco.
+
++win over+, comparo.
+
++with+, cum.
+
++wise+, sapiens.
+
++wish+, volo.
+
++woman+, mulier.
+
++woman, old+, anus.
+
++wonder at+, miror, admiror, demiror.
+
++wonderful+, minis, mirandus, mirificus.
+
++wooden+, ligneus.
+
++word+, verbum.
+
++worthy+, dignus.
+
++wound+ (_s._), vulnus.
+
++wound+ (_v._), haurio.
+
++write+, scribo.
+
++writer+, scriptor.
+
+
++you+, tu, vos.
+
++young man+, adulescens.
+
++young ones+, pulli.
+
+
+
+
+ORDER OF THE “STORIES” COMPARED WITH THE BOOKS OF THE “NOCTES ATTICAE.”
+
+
+SELECTION.   NOCTES ATTICAE.
+
+    1.          xvii.  10
+    2.          xvii.   4
+    3.          xiii.   6
+    4.             i.  17
+    5.            ii.   1
+    6.             v.   2
+    7.            xv.  17
+    8.             i.  14
+    9.             v.   5
+   10.            xv.  16
+   11.             i.  23
+   12.             i.  23
+   13.            xv.  22
+   14.            xv.  22
+   15.             i.  19
+   16.            iv.  18
+   17.            iv.  18
+   18.     vi. (vii.)   1
+   19.             i.   3
+   20.             i.  10
+   21.            ix.  13
+   22.            ix.  13
+   23.            ix.  11
+   24.            ii.  29
+   25.            ii.  29
+   26.            ii.  29
+   27.           iii.   8
+   28.             v.  14
+   29.             v.  14
+   30.             v.  14
+   31.     vi. (vii.)   5
+   32.            xi.   9
+   33.           xii.  12
+   34.            xv.   1
+   35.           xvi.  19
+   36.           xvi.  19
+   37.           xix.  12
+   38.          xvii.  16
+   39.             v.  10
+   40.     vi. (vii.)  18
+
+
+
+
+INDEX TO THE MOST IMPORTANT NOTES.
+
+_The Roman figures give the number of the selection, the Arabic figures
+the number of the line in the selection._
+
+  [Transcriber’s Note:
+  The Notes and the Proper Names were printed as shown here,
+  in a single merged Index.]
+
+  _abhinc multis annis_, xx. 10.
+  _ablative absolute_, v. 9.
+  _acceptum referre_, xvii. 13.
+  _accusative plural_ of 3rd declension in -is, ix. 2.
+  _acerbus_, v. 5.
+  _adfines_, xxvi. 5.
+  _adigere_ aliquem iusiurandum, xl. 6.
+  _adjective_ for English substantive and preposition, x. 1 (Milo
+    Crotoniensis); xl. 1 (proelium Cannense).
+  _advocare_, xxxii. 2.
+  _aedes_, xvi. 17.
+  _aerarium_, xvii. 10.
+  _Aesopus_, xxiv. 1.
+  _ager Pomptinus_, xxiii. 1.
+  +ἀκοινονόητοι+, xxxiii. 10.
+  _albus_, xiv. 1.
+  _Alcibiades_, iv. 4.
+  _Alexander_, vi. 1.
+  _ambitus_, ii. 2.
+  _animus_ and _mens_, v. 5.
+  _Antiochus_, ix. 1.
+  _antiquus_, xx. 4.
+  _argyranche_, xxxii. 14.
+  _Arion_, xxxv. 1.
+  _Aristoteles_, iii. 1.
+  _attraction of antecedent_ into relative clause, xxx. 2; xxxix. 6.
+  _Aurunci_, xx. 6.
+  _avunculus_, vii. 1.
+
+  _Bucephalas_, vi. 1.
+  _-bundus_ and _-cundus_, vi. 11.
+
+  _Caesar_, C. Iulius, xx. 16.
+  _Caesar_, Claudius, xxix. 2.
+  _canere tibiis_, vii. 4.
+  _Cannae_, ix. 1.
+  _capitalis res_, xxx. 9.
+  _caput_, xix. 1.
+  _Cato_, xvii. 1.
+  _censeo_ (parenthetically), xvi. 12.
+  _censores_, xl. 24.
+  _Chares_, vi. 2.
+  _Cicero_, xxxiii. 1.
+  _cinctus_, xxi. 17.
+  _Circus_ Maximus, xxviii. 1.
+  _Cispius_ Mons, xxxiv. 3.
+  _cognati_, xxvi. 5.
+  _comoediarum certamina_, ii. 2.
+  _comparare_ hominem in aliquem, xvii. 3.
+  _congerere_ (absolutely), xxv. 3.
+  _consecution_ of tenses after historic present, xxi. 12; xxiii. 6;
+    xxxv. 5.
+  _contestari_ litem, xxxix. 12.
+  _Coruncanius_, xx. 4.
+  _Crotoniensis_, x. 1.
+  _Crotona_, x. 1.
+  _cruor_, xxix. 23.
+  _cum_ (conj.), vi. 8; with indic. (1) frequentative, xiv. 7;
+    (2) = et tum, xxi. 6; (3) = because, xxxiii. 11.
+  _curia_, xi. 1.
+  _Curius Dentatus_, xx. 3.
+  _curo_ with gerundive, vii. 3; xiii. 1.
+
+  _dative_ of purpose (predicative dat.), viii. 4.
+  _Demades_, xxxii. 4.
+  _Demosthenes_, xxxii. 4.
+  _dependent_ interrogatives, x. 6.
+  _desinere_ artem, x. 3.
+  _deveho_ (de = to land), xxxvi. 7.
+  _disciplina_, xxii. 2.
+  _dissimulanter_, xxxvi. 12.
+  _dum_ with subj., xxv. 5.
+
+  _Electra_, xxxi. 5.
+  _Ennius_, xxxviii. 9.
+  _ephippium_, ix. 6.
+  _Euander_, xx. 9.
+  _exerceor_, in middle sense, iv. 7.
+
+  _Fabricius_, viii. 1.
+  _fac eas_, xxv. 11.
+  _facto_ ... opus est, xiv. 18.
+  _falcibus_ (currus cum), ix. 4.
+  _familias_, xii. 3.
+  _Favorinus_, xx. 1.
+  _felix_ (fruitful), xxxvii. 18.
+  _foculus_, xv. 7.
+  _forum_, xxiii. 21.
+  _frequentative_ verbs, xviii. 4.
+  _frenis_ ... fulgentem, ix. 6.
+
+  _genitive_ denoting “nature,” “duty” of, xxxiii. 12.
+  _genitive_ after gerund (causarum orandi cupidus), xxxix. 1.
+  _gerunds_ and _gerundives_, xiii. 1.
+  _gratiae_, xxxvii. 13.
+
+  _Hannibal_, ix. 1.
+  _haurire_ pectus, xxii. 9.
+  _hercle_, iii. 1.
+  _Hispanicus_ gladius, xxii. 7.
+  _historic_ infinitive, xxv. 15.
+  _Horatii_, xx. 5.
+  _hospita_, xv. 2.
+
+  _id temporis_, xviii. 7.
+  _imperium_ proconsulare, xxix. 5.
+  _inceptive_ or inchoative verbs, ii. 5.
+  _ingentis_, (acc. plur.), ix. 2.
+  _in iure_ stare, xviii. 18.
+  _inmittere_ (absolutely), vi. 9.
+  _insula_ (lodging-house), xxxiv. 4.
+  _interrogatives_, dependent, x. 6.
+  _ire infitias_, xxxvi. 18.
+  _ius_ dicere, xviii. 16.
+  _iusiurandum_ aliquem adigere, xl. 6.
+
+  _locative_ case, xi. 1.
+  _loci_ (nusquam), xv. 19.
+
+  (e) _mediis_ hostibus, vi. 12.
+  _Menander_, ii. 1.
+  _mens_ and _animus_, v. 5.
+  _Methymna_, xxxv. 1.
+  _middle_ signification of passive voice, iv. 7.
+  _mihi_ and _ad me_ after verbs, xxvii. 13.
+  _Milo_, x. 1.
+  _Mitridates_, xxxviii. 1.
+  _monilia_, ix. 6.
+
+  _-ne_ pleonastic, xi. 10.
+  _ne_ ... quis, xi. 4.
+  _nemo_, xiv. 9.
+  _nobilis_, xxxv. 1.
+  _noctis_ extremo, xviii. 3.
+  _nonne_, _num_, _-ne_, ii. 5.
+  _nudus_, xxi. 7.
+  _nusquam_ loci, xv. 16.
+
+  _Orestes_, xxxi. 5.
+  _Oresti_ (genitive), xxxi. 6.
+  _orthium_ carmen, xxxv. 21.
+  _Osce_, xxxviii. 10.
+
+  _Palatium_, xxxiii. 1.
+  _pareo_, _pario_, _paro_, i. 2.
+  _participle_ and verb in Latin = two verbs in English, xxi. 3; xl. 2.
+  _partitive_ genitive, id temporis, xviii. 7; quantum mercedis,
+    xxxii. 17.
+  _passives_ with middle signification, iv. 7.
+  _Pelasgi_, xx. 6.
+  _per_ contemptum, xxiii. 5.
+  _Periander_, xxxv. 1.
+  _Pericles_, vii. 1.
+  _phalerae_, ix. 6.
+  _Philemon_, ii. 1.
+  _Piraeus_, xxxiv. 15.
+  _plague_ of Athens, v. 10.
+  _Plutarchus_, iii. 1.
+  _Poenus_, ix. 8.
+  _Pomptinus_ ager, xxiii. 1.
+  _possies_, xxiv. 13.
+  _postliminium_, xl. 12.
+  (in) _praesens_, xxxiii. 2.
+  _praetextatus_, xi. 2.
+  _predicative_ dative, viii. 4.
+  _prepositions_, verbs compounded with, xxix. 22; xxxiv. 3.
+  _priusquam_ with subjunctive, xxxiii. 4.
+  _proconsulare_ imperium, xxix. 5.
+  _Protagoras_, xxxix. 3.
+  _purpose_, dative of, viii. 4.
+  _Pyrrus_, xxvii. 1.
+  _Pythagoras_, x. 1.
+
+  _quadrati_ versus, xxiv. 10.
+  _quae_ dicas (indefinite), xx. 11.
+  _quaeso_ (parenthetically), ii. 4.
+  _quasi_, xv. 6.
+  _qui_ with subjunctive (final), xxv. 17; (causal) xxxvii. 3.
+  _quid_ ... sibi vult, xii. 6.
+  (si) _quid_ rei, xxv. 7.
+  _quin_ with indicative, xxvi. 4.
+  _quis_ (indefinite), xi. 4.
+  _quisquam_ and _ullus_, x. 6.
+
+  _re_ in composition, i. 6.
+
+  _Samnites_, viii. 1.
+  _satira_, xxiv. 10.
+  _scatebat_ iris, iv. 3.
+  _Scipio_ Africanus, xvi. 1; xviii. 2.
+  _Scipio_ Asiaticus, xvii. 5.
+  _scutum_, xxi. 17.
+  _securus_ with genitive, vi. 14.
+  _sed_ enim, xv. 10.
+  _sequence_ of tenses after historic present, xxi. 12; xxiii. 6;
+    xxxv. 5.
+  _sestertii_ and _sestertium_, vi. 3; xxxiii. 2.
+  _Sertorius_, xiii. 1.
+  _Sibyllini_ libri, xv. 1.
+  _Sicani_, xx. 6.
+  _Socrates_, iv. 1, 4.
+  _sol_ oriens, v. 3.
+  _sollemnis_, xvi. 18.
+  _Sophocles_, xxx. 5.
+  _Sulla_, L., xxxiv. 15.
+  _Sulla_, P., xxxiii. 2.
+  _supine_ in -um, xvi. 13; xxii. 17; xxv. 6.
+  _supine_ in -u, xiv. 5; xxiv. 2; xxvii. 12.
+
+  _Taenarum_, xxxvi. 6.
+  _talentum_, xxxii. 19.
+  _Tarquinius_ Superbus, xv. 1.
+  _temporal_ conjunctions with subjunctive, cum, vi. 8; dum, xxv. 5;
+    priusquam, xxxiii. 4.
+  _tibiae_, vii. 4.
+  _Torquatus_, xxi. 1.
+  _torquis_, xxi. 3.
+  _tribunus_ militaris, xxiii. 8.
+  _tribunus_ plebis, xvi. 1.
+  _turribus_ (elephanti cum), ix. 5.
+
+  _ullus_, x. 6.
+
+  _vadari_, xviii. 22.
+  _vadimonium_, xviii. 19.
+  _venum_ dare, xxxiv. 10.
+  _Vergilius_, i. 1.
+  _vertitur_ in, xxvi. 20.
+  _videres_, xxviii. 15.
+  _vult_, quid sibi, xii. 6.
+
+  _Zama_, ix. 1.
+
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ERRATA (noted by transcriber)
+
+The spelling “deminutive” (demin.) is used consistently.
+
+A few terms were inconsistently italicized, including “e.g.”, “i.e.”
+and “only” (in vocabulary notes such as “sing. only”). Rather than
+try to second-guess the author, they have been left as printed.
+
+
+_Errors and Irregularities:_
+
+  XV:
+    Tarquinius ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit  [Tarquinus]
+
+  VI Note:
+    entered the Punjaub  [_spelling unchanged_]
+  XVI Note:
+    +gratulatum+ ... the verb of motion  [notion]
+
+  Latin-to-English Vocabulary:
+    +dōnĕc+, _conj._, until.  [_Text has Greek ε for ĕ in “dōnĕc”_]
+    +lībĕro+ ... (līber.)
+      [_Macron in “līber” conjectural: printed text has “lıber” without
+      visible macron or dot_]
+
+
+_Missing or invisible punctuation:_
+
+“Invisible” means that there is a suitably sized gap, but no printing
+is visible.
+
+STORIES
+
+  XIV.
+    ... in eum locum, in quo ipse cum amicis esset,  [. for second ,]
+  XVIII.
+    atque ibi solus diu demorari,  [. for ,]
+  XXIX.
+    recubuit et quievit.”  [” missing]
+
+NOTES
+
+  I.
+    +P. Vergilius Maro+ ... after the fall of Troy  [. missing]
+    +părĕre+ ..._parĭtum, -ĕre_  [- missing]
+  III.
+    +hercle+ ... ‘_me deus Fidius juvet_’  [’ missing]
+  XIII.
+  +The uses of the gerund and gerundive+
+    ... e.g. _haec ad iudicandum sunt facillima_
+    ... _sum_ (_est_, _erat_, _fuit_, _esse_, etc.)
+    ... e.g. _nunc est bibendum_
+      [_all periods in “e.g.” and “etc.” invisible_]
+    ‘he gave them the lands to dwell in.’ Cf. vii. 3. note.
+      [. missing after “dwell in” _and_ after “vii.”]
+  XVI.
+    +Publius Cornelius+ ... his father P. Scipio  [. missing]
+    I am old enough.’  [” for ’]
+  XVIII.
+    +ventitare+ ... ‘I stick fast.’  [” for ’]
+  XX.
+    +11.+ +quae dicas+  [. invisible]
+  XXVI.
+    +quin ... imus+ ... ‘nay, look at me’  [” for ’]
+  XXIX.
+    +proconsulari imperio+ ... praetors: (2) the Imperial Provinces
+      [_shown as printed, but : may be error for ;_]
+  XXXI.
+    +Electram+ ... the bones of Orestes.’  [” for ’]
+  XXXII.
+    +quin ... quoque+, [_ellipsis in printed phrase invisible_]
+  XXXIII.
+    +sestertium viciens+ ... or 2½ asses  [denominator invisible]
+
+LATIN VOCABULARY
+
+  +ad·ficio+. Cf. afficio.  [· invisible]
+  +cŏrōna+, -ae  [- missing]
+  +deus+, -i, _m._, god.  [. missing]
+  +fācundia+, -ae, _f._, eloquence  [. invisible]
+  +fēcundus+, -a, -um  [- missing]
+  +gĕmĭtus+, -us  [- missing]
+  +ignōro+ ... (ignārus, for in-gnarus or -narus.)  [) missing]
+  +im·mītis+  [· invisible]
+  +mīrĭfĭcus+, -a, -um  [first - missing]
+  +ob·vĕnio+  [· invisible]
+  +păvĕ·făcio+ ... (păveo.)  [. missing]
+  +pax+, pācis ... (πήγνυμι.)  [. invisible]
+  +Pĕriander+, -dri, _m._  [. for second ,]
+  +quaero+, -sīvi or -sii, sītum  [second - missing]
+  +quālis+, -e ... talis ... qualis
+    [_ellipsis in “talis ... qualis” invisible_]
+  +quam·ob·rem+, _adv._  [. invisible]
+  +sŭpĕrior+, -us ... sū̆prēmus or summus.  [. invisible]
+  +vastūs+, -a, -um  [second - missing]
+  +vērus+, -a, -um,  [. after -um.,]
+  +victōria+, -ae, _f._, victory. (victor, vinco.)  [. invisible]
+  +vis+ (vim, vi, no _gen. sing._, _plur._ vīres, etc.)  [. invisible]
+
+ENGLISH VOCABULARY
+
+  +bail+, vadimonium  [. missing]
+  +sight, in my+, me inspectante  [. missing]
+
+INDEX TO NOTES
+
+  _Osce_, xxxviii. 10.  [. after “xxxviii” missing]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Stories from Aulus Gellius, by Aulus Gellius
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories from Aulus Gellius, by Aulus Gellius
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Stories from Aulus Gellius
+       Being Selections And Adaptations From The Noctes Atticae
+
+Author: Aulus Gellius
+
+Editor: G. H. Nall
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2008 [EBook #25861]
+
+Language: Latin
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Anna Tuinman, Ted Garvin and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note:
+
+This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the
+"real" (unicode/utf-8) version of the file. Characters in the Notes and
+Vocabulary that could not be fully displayed have been "unpacked" and
+shown in brackets:
+
+  [-a] [-e] [-i] [-o] [-u] vowels with macron or "long" mark
+  [)a] [)e] [)i] [)o] [)u] [)y] vowels with breve or "short" mark
+    ([)y] and long vowels are rare)
+  [)-a] [)-e] [)-i] [)-u] vowel with combined breve and macron (rare)
+  the "oe" ligature, used only in English text, is shown simply as
+    oe (unmarked)
+
+Greek words have been transliterated and shown between #marks#.
+
+The original text used numbered lines for reference in the Notes.
+These have been replaced with line numbers in {braces} placed between
+sentences, generally at mid-line. The lines in your text reader are
+probably longer than the lines in the original book, so numbers such
+as {5} and {10} will be less than five physical lines apart. Selections
+are short, and each Note starts with the word or phrase referenced.
+
+Except as noted above, brackets in the Notes and Vocabulary are in the
+original.
+
+Typographical errors are listed at the end of the text.]
+
+
+
+
++Elementary Classics.+
+
+
+                  STORIES FROM
+
+                 AULUS GELLIUS,
+
+   Being Selections And Adaptations From The
+
+                NOCTES ATTICAE,
+
+
+ _Edited With Notes Exercises And Vocabularies_
+          _For The Use Of Lower Forms_
+
+
+                     By The
+
+            REV. G. H. NALL, M.A.,
+    Assistant Master At Westminster School.
+
+
+                   +London:+
+               MACMILLAN AND CO.,
+                 AND NEW YORK.
+                     1888.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+It is hoped that this series of short stories from A.�Gellius may serve
+as a pleasant change to young boys after a course of Cornelius Nepos,
+Eutropius, etc. The language of the original has been simplified in
+parts, and some rare or late words and constructions cut out. The Notes
+have been made, with few exceptions, as short as possible; a�few more
+lengthy digressions, such as those upon the ablative absolute and the
+gerundial constructions, will need no apology, if they succeed in
+leading boys to think out for themselves the difficulties which these
+constructions present. Some simple Exercises have been added at the
+request of the Publishers, and for these an English-Latin Vocabulary has
+been compiled. In this Vocabulary the words are arranged in alphabetical
+order, since the Exercises are intended principally for _viva voce_
+drill in form, and the Editor's experience does not confirm the theory
+of some Editors, that a boy's knowledge of a language is increased in
+proportion to the time that he spends in hunting for words that he does
+not know; he considers that the "paragraph" vocabulary makes the lazy
+boy take refuge in guessing, whilst it wastes the time of the
+industrious boy.
+
+The Editor acknowledges his obligations to the Latin Grammars of Dr.
+Kennedy and Mr. Roby, and to Dr. Smith's Dictionaries of Biography and
+Antiquities, and to similar works which lie at every schoolmaster's
+elbow.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                      PAGE
+  Preface,                                               v
+  Life of Aulus Gellius,                                ix
+  Text of the "Stories from Aulus Gellius,"              1
+  Notes on the Text,                                    33
+  Exercises,                                            75
+  Latin-English Vocabulary,                             98
+  English-Latin Vocabulary,                            137
+  Table showing the order of the "Stories" compared
+    with the Books of the "Noctes Atticae,"            147
+  Index to Notes,                                      148
+  Index to Proper Names.                               152
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+AULUS GELLIUS.
+
+
+Nothing is known about the life of A. Gellius beyond what can be
+gathered from occasional hints in his own writings; it has even been
+disputed whether his name was Agellius or A. Gellius. Probably he was a
+Roman by birth, of good family and connections. He seems to have spent
+his early years at Rome, studying under the celebrated teachers,
+Sulpicius Apollinaris, T. Castricius, and Antonius Julianus (cf.
+xxxiv.�1): to have continued his studies at Athens, where he lived on
+terms of familiarity with Herodes Atticus, Calvisius Taurus, Peregrinus
+Proteus, and other famous philosophers of that day: and after the lapse
+of many years to have returned to Rome, and devoted the remaining years
+of his life to literary pursuits and the society of a large circle of
+friends. The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but from the
+names of his teachers and friends it is certain that he lived during the
+reigns of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, 117-180 A.D.
+
+The only work of A. Gellius that has reached us, possibly the only one
+that he wrote, is the "Noctes Atticae," so called because it was begun
+during the long nights of winter in a country house in Attica
+(_longinquis per hiemen noctibus in agro terrae Atticae_). It consists
+of numerous extracts from Greek and Roman writers on subjects connected
+with history, philosophy, philology, and antiquities, illustrated by
+abundant criticisms and discussions. These extracts are thrown together
+without any attempt at order or arrangement, and divided into twenty
+books. He had been accustomed whilst reading, he says, to make notes
+upon anything which struck him as worth remembering. These notes he
+embodied with little change in his work, in the same haphazard order in
+which they had been made (_usi autem sumus ordine rerum fortuito quem
+antea in excerpendo feceramus_).
+
+Naturally the various parts of such a 'Miscellany' vary greatly in
+quality. Some portions of it are highly valuable and interesting. For
+instance, many quotations are preserved from ancient authors whose works
+have perished, some of which throw light upon questions of
+constitutional and antiquarian interest, which would otherwise have
+remained obscure; many literary and historical anecdotes are given which
+are valuable in themselves; and some important grammatical usages and
+theories are noted. But the author's appetite was omnivorous. He is as
+eager to tell the story of a marvellous African serpent, 120 feet in
+length, whose destruction required the utmost efforts of a whole Roman
+army, with their _ballistae_ and _catapultae_ (_magna totius exercitus
+conflictione, ballistis atque catapultis diu oppugnatum._ --_N.�A._
+vii.�3), or to discuss some absurd etymology, such as that of _avarus_
+from _avidus aeris_, as to preserve some really valuable detail of
+senatorial procedure, or record the use and origin of obscure
+constitutional phrases. His own criticisms, moreover, are as a rule
+worthless, and his translations are feeble; but in spite of all these
+defects his work is exceedingly interesting, and we could ill afford to
+lose�it.
+
+His Latin style shows the defects of his age, an age in which the Romans
+had ceased to feel the full meaning of the words which they used, and
+endeavoured to gain emphasis by employing obscure phrases and unnatural
+turns of expression. But these peculiarities are even more noticeable in
+the writings of his contemporaries.
+
+
+
+
+
+STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS.
+
+
+I. VERGIL AND HIS POEMS.
+
+  _Vergil, who spent much labour in polishing his verses, used to
+  compare himself to a bear, which licks its cubs into shape._
+
+Dicebat P. Vergilius, ut amici eius familiaresque ferunt, se parere
+versus more ursino. "Namque ut illa bestia" inquit, "fetum edit informem
+lambendoque postea conformat et fingit, sic ingenii quoque mei partus
+primum rudes et inperfecti sunt, sed tractando corrigendoque reddo iis
+oris et vultus liniamenta." {6}
+
+
+II. MENANDER AND PHILEMON.
+
+  _The poet Menander, meeting his successful rival Philemon, asked
+  him if he did not feel ashamed to defeat him._
+
+Menander a Philemone, nequaquam pari scriptore, in certaminibus
+comoediarum ambitu grati�que saepenumero vincebatur. Ei forte obviam
+factus est Menander, et "Quaeso" inquit, "Philemo, bon� veni� dic mihi,
+cum me vincis, nonne erubescis?" {5}
+
+
+III. THE PALM TREE.
+
+  _The palm has been made the emblem of victory, because its wood
+  does not yield, when heavy weights are placed upon it._
+
+Rem hercle mirandam Aristoteles et Plutarchus dicunt. "Si super palmae
+arboris lignum" inquiunt "magna pondera imponis, non deorsum palma cedit
+nec intra flectitur, sed adversus pondus resurgit et sursum recurvatur;
+propterea in certaminibus palma signum victoriae facta est, quoniam
+urgentibus opprimentibusque non cedit." {7}
+
+
+IV. SOCRATES AND HIS WIFE.
+
+  _Socrates, when asked why he endured his quarrelsome wife, replied
+  that to bear her temper was good discipline._
+
+Xanthippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, admodum morosa et litigiosa fuisse
+fertur, irisque muliebribus per diem perque noctem scatebat. Quam rem in
+maritum Socraten Alcibiades demiratus, "Cur mulierem" inquit "tam
+acerbam domo non exigis?" "Quoniam," respondit Socrates, "cum illam domi
+talem perpetior, insuesco et exerceor, ut ceterorum quoque foris
+petulantiam et iniuriam facilius feram." {8}
+
+
+V. THE SELF-DISCIPLINE OF SOCRATES.
+
+  _Socrates used to train himself to bear fatigue by standing
+  motionless for twenty-four hours at a time. His health was always
+  perfect._
+
+Inter labores voluntarios corporis firmandi caus� id quoque accepimus
+Socraten facere insuevisse: stabat per diem perque noctem a lucis ortu
+ad solem alterum orientem immobilis, iisdem in vestigiis, et ore atque
+oculis eundem in locum directis, cogitans, tamquam quodam secessu mentis
+atque animi facto a corpore. {7}
+
+Temperanti� quoque tant� fuisse traditus est, ut omnem fere vitam
+valitudine integr� vixerit. In e� etiam pestilenti�, quae in belli
+Peloponnensiaci principiis Atheniensium civitatem depopulata est,
+dicitur vigorem corporis retinuisse. {12}
+
+
+VI. ALEXANDER AND BUCEPHALAS.
+
+  _How Alexander obtained his famous charger Bucephalas, how it
+  saved his life in battle, and how the King showed his gratitude._
+
+Equus Alexandri regis nomine Bucephalas fuit. Emptum Chares scripsit
+talentis tredecim et regi Philippo donatum; hoc autem aeris nostri summa
+est sestertia trecenta duodecim. De hoc equo haec memori� digna
+accepimus. {5} Ubi ornatus erat armatusque ad proelium, haud umquam
+inscendi sese ab alio, nisi ab rege passus est. Bello Indico cum
+insidens in eo Alexander facinora faceret fortia, in hostium cuneum, non
+satis sibi providens, inmisit. Coniectis undique in Alexandrum telis,
+vulneribus altis in cervice atque in latere equus perfossus est. {11}
+Moribundus tamen ac prope iam exanguis e mediis hostibus regem citato
+cursu retulit atque, ubi eum extra tela extulerat, ilico concidit et,
+domini iam superstitis securus, animam expiravit. Tum rex Alexander,
+part� eius belli victori�, oppidum in iisdem locis condidit idque ob
+equi honores Bucephalon appellavit. {17}
+
+
+VII. ALCIBIADES AND THE PIPES.
+
+  _Alcibiades, when a boy, refused to learn to play the pipes,
+  because they distorted the player's mouth._
+
+Alcibiades Atheniensis apud avunculum Periclen educatus est, qui artibus
+ac disciplinis liberalibus puerum docendum curavit. Inter alios
+magistros tibicinem arcessi iussit, ut eum canere tibiis doceret, quod
+honestissimum tum videbatur. Traditas sibi tibias Alcibiades ad os
+adhibuit inflavitque; sed ubi oris deformitatem vidit, abiecit
+infregitque. Cum ea res percrebuisset, omnium tum Atheniensium consensu
+disciplina tibiis canendi desita est. {9}
+
+
+VIII. FABRICIUS AND THE SAMNITE GOLD.
+
+  _Fabricius refused rich presents, which the Samnites offered him,
+  saying that, while he retained command over his senses, he had all
+  that he needed._
+
+Legati a Samnitibus ad C. Fabricium, imperatorem populi Romani, venerunt
+et, memoratis multis magnisque rebus, quae bene post redditam pacem
+Samnitibus fecisset, dono grandem pecuniam obtulerunt. "Quae facimus"
+Samnites inquiunt, "quod multa ad splendorem domus atque victus defieri
+videmus." {6} Tum Fabricius manus ab auribus ad oculos et infra deinceps
+ad nares et ad os et ad gulam deduxit, et legatis ita respondit: "Dum
+his omnibus membris, quae attigi, imperare possum, numquam quicquam mihi
+deerit; quamobrem hanc pecuniam, qu� nihil mihi est usus, a�vobis, qui
+e� uti scitis, non accipio." {12}
+
+
+IX. HANNIBAL'S JEST.
+
+  _Antiochus, proud of his army, asked Hannibal if they were 'enough
+  for the Romans.' 'Quite enough,' replied Hannibal, 'however greedy
+  the Romans are.'_
+
+Antiochus ostendebat Hannibali in campo copias ingentis, quas bellum
+populo Romano facturus comparaverat, convertebatque exercitum insignibus
+argenteis et aureis micantem; inducebat etiam currus cum falcibus et
+elephantos cum turribus equitatumque frenis, ephippiis, monilibus,
+phaleris fulgentem. {6} Atque ibi rex Hannibalem aspicit et "Putasne"
+inquit "satis esse Romanis haec omnia?" Tum Poenus, eludens ignaviam
+militum eius tam pretiose armatorum, "Satis, plane satis esse credo
+Romanis haec omnia, etiamsi avarissimi sunt." {11}
+
+
+X. THE DEATH OF MILO.
+
+  _Milo, when enfeebled by age, tried to tear a tree open, but the
+  wood closed on his hands and he perished miserably._
+
+Milo Crotoniensis, athleta inlustris, exitum habuit e vita miserandum et
+mirandum. Cum iam natu grandis artem athleticam desisset iterque faceret
+forte solus in locis Italiae silvestribus, quercum vidit proxime viam
+rimis in parte medi� hiantem. {5} Tum experiri etiam tunc volens,
+an ullae sibi vires adessent, inmissis in cavernas arboris digitis,
+diducere et rescindere quercum conatus est. Ac mediam quidem partem
+discidit divellitque; quercus autem in duas diducta partis, cum ille
+manus laxasset, rediit in naturam, manibusque eius retentis inclusisque
+dilacerandum hominem feris praebuit. {12}
+
+
+XI. A HOAX:--THE STORY OF PAPIRIUS PRAETEXTATUS.
+
+  _The young Papirius, pressed by his mother to reveal the secret
+  proceedings of the Senate, told her that they had debated whether
+  it was better for one husband to have two wives, or one wife two
+  husbands._
+
+Mos antea senatoribus Romae fuit, in curiam cum praetextatis filiis
+introire. Forte res maior quaepiam consultata et in diem posterum
+prolata est, placuitque ut eam rem ne quis enuntiaret, priusquam decreta
+esset. Sed mater Papirii pueri, qui cum patre suo in curi� fuerat,
+percontata est filium, quidnam in senatu patres egissent. {7} Puer
+respondit tacendum esse neque id dici licere. Mulier autem fit audiendi
+cupidior, ac tandem puer matre urgente lepidi mendacii consilium capit.
+Actum in senatu dixit, utrum videretur utilius exque republic� esse,
+unusne ut duas uxores haberet, an ut una duobus nupta esset. {12}
+
+
+XII. THE RESULT OF THE HOAX.
+
+  _The consternation of the Roman Matrons, the bewilderment of the
+  Senators, the confession of Papirius, and the reward for his
+  discretion._
+
+Ubi illa hoc audivit, domo trepidans egreditur, ad ceteras matronas se
+adfert. Pervenit ad senatum postridie matrum familias caterva.
+Lacrimantes atque obsecrantes orant, ut una potius duobus nupta fieret
+quam ut duae uni. Senatores in curiam ingredientes mirabantur, quae illa
+mulierum insania et quid sibi postulatio istaec vellet. {7} Puer
+Papirius in medium curiae progressus, quid mater audire institisset,
+quid ipse matri dixisset, denarrat. Senatus fidem atque ingenium pueri
+laudat et consultum facit, uti posthac pueri cum patribus in curiam ne
+introeant, praeter illum unum Papirium, cui postea cognomen honoris
+grati� datum "Praetextatus." {13}
+
+
+XIII. SERTORIUS.
+
+  _The extraordinary influence that Sertorius exercised over the
+  minds of his soldiers, and the means by which he maintained this
+  influence._
+
+Sertorius, vir acer egregiusque dux, et utendi et regendi exercitus
+peritus fuit. Is in temporibus difficillimis et mentiebatur ad milites,
+si mendacium prodesset, et litteras compositas pro veris legebat, et
+somnium simulabat, et falsas religiones conferebat, si quid istae res
+eum apud militum animos adiuvabant. {6} Haec hominum barbarorum
+credulitas Sertorio in magnis rebus magno usui fuit. Memoria prodita
+est, neminem umquam ex his nationibus, quae cum Sertorio faciebant, cum
+multis proeliis superatus esset, ab eo descivisse, quamquam id genus
+hominum esset mobilissimum. {12}
+
+
+XIV. SERTORIUS AND THE DOE.
+
+  _Sertorius pretended that divine revelations were made to him
+  through a white doe. This doe once ran away, but was soon found
+  again. The use which Sertorius made of this incident._
+
+Huic Sertorio cerva alba eximiae pulchritudinis et celeritatis a
+Lusitano quodam dono data est. Hanc persuasit omnibus, oblatam sibi
+divinitus et instinctam Dianae numine, conloqui secum et monere et
+docere, quae utilia factu essent, ac, si quid durius videbatur, quod
+imperandum militibus foret, a�cerv� sese monitum praedicabat. {7} Id cum
+dixerat, universi, tamquam si deo, libentes ei parebant. Ea cerva quodam
+die, cum incursio hostium esset nuntiata, tumultu consternata in fugam
+se proripuit atque in palude proxim� delituit, et postea requisita
+periisse credita est. Neque multis diebus post inventam esse cervam
+Sertorio nuntiatur. {12} Tum eum qui nuntiaverat iussit tacere ac, ne
+cui palam diceret, interminatus est praecepitque, ut eam postero die
+repente in eum locum, in quo ipse cum amicis esset, inmitteret. {16}
+Admissis deinde amicis postridie, cervam ait, quae periisset, visam esse
+in quiete ad se reverti et, ut prius consuerat, quod opus esset facto
+praedicere; tum servo quod imperaverat significat, cerva emissa in
+cubiculum Sertorii introrupit, clamor factus et orta admiratio est. {21}
+
+
+XV. TARQUIN AND THE SIBYLLINE BOOKS.
+
+  _A Sibyl offered to sell King Tarquin nine books for a large sum.
+  On his scornful refusal she burnt three, and offered the remaining
+  six for the same sum, but he again refused. She burnt three more
+  and offered the remaining three for the same sum: these the King
+  bought and deposited in the 'Sacristy.'_
+
+In antiquis annalibus haec memoria de libris Sibyllinis prodita est:
+Anus hospita atque incognita ad Tarquinium Superbum regem adiit, novem
+libros ferens, quos divina oracula esse dicebat; eos velle vendere.
+Tarquinius pretium percontatus est. Mulier nimium atque inmensum
+poposcit: rex, quasi anus aetate desiperet, derisit. {7} Tum illa
+foculum coram cum igni apponit, tris libros ex novem deurit et, ecquid
+reliquos sex eodem pretio emere vellet, regem interrogavit. Sed enim
+Tarquinius id multo magis risit, dixitque anum iam procul dubio
+delirare. Mulier ibidem statim tris alios libros exussit atque id ipsum
+denuo placide rogat, ut tris reliquos eodem illo pretio emat. {14}
+Tarquinius ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit, eam constantiam
+confidentiamque non contemnendam intellegit, libros tris reliquos
+mercatur nihilo minore pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus. Sed
+ea mulier tunc a Tarquinio digressa postea nusquam loci visa est. Libri
+tres, in sacrarium conditi, "Sibyllini" appellati; ad eos quasi ad
+oraculum quindecimviri adeunt, cum di immortales publice consulendi
+sunt. {22}
+
+
+XVI. SCIPIO AFRICANUS IMPEACHED: HIS ANSWER.
+
+  _Scipio was accused of having received bribes from Antiochus.
+  Scorning to answer such a charge, he reminded the people that this
+  was the anniversary of his great victory at Zama, and called upon
+  them to follow him to the Capitol and there return thanks to the
+  gods._
+
+M. Naevius tribunus plebis accusavit Scipionem ad populum, dixitque eum
+accepisse a rege Antiocho pecuniam, ut condicionibus mollibus pax cum eo
+populi Romani nomine fieret, et quaedam item alia indigna tali viro
+addidit. Tum Scipio pauca praefatus, quae dignitas vitae suae atque
+gloria postulabat, {6} "Memori�" inquit, "Quirites, repeto, diem esse
+hodiernum, quo Hannibalem Poenum, imperio vestro inimicissimum, magno
+proelio in terr� Afric� vici, pacemque et victoriam vobis peperi
+praeclaram. Non igitur simus adversum deos ingrati et, censeo,
+relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Iovi optimo maximo
+gratulatum." {13} Id cum dixisset, avertit et ire ad Capitolium coepit.
+Tum contio universa, quae ad sententiam de Scipione ferendam convenerat,
+relicto tribuno Scipionem in Capitolium comitata, atque inde ad aedes
+eius cum laetiti� et gratulatione sollemni prosecuta est. {18}
+
+
+XVII. SCIPIO AFRICANUS: ANOTHER IMPEACHMENT.
+
+  _Scipio on another occasion was accused of embezzling the money
+  paid by Antiochus as a war indemnity: he answered the charge by
+  tearing his accounts in pieces before the eyes of the Senators._
+
+Item aliud est factum eius praeclarum. Petilii quidam tribuni plebis a
+M., ut aiunt, Catone, inimico Scipionis, comparati in eum atque inmissi,
+desiderabant in senatu, ut pecuniae Antiochinae praedaeque in eo bello
+captae rationem redderet: fuerat enim L.�Scipioni Asiatico, fratri suo,
+imperatori in e� provinci� legatus. {7} Ibi Scipio exurgit et, prolato e
+sinu togae libro, rationes in eo scriptas esse dixit omnis pecuniae
+omnisque praedae; allatum, ut palam recitaretur et ad aerarium
+deferretur. "Sed enim id iam non faciam" inquit, "nec me ipse afficiam
+contumeli�," eumque librum statim coram discidit suis manibus, aegre
+passus, quod, cui salus imperii ac reipublicae accepta referri deberet,
+ab eo ratio praedae posceretur. {14}
+
+
+XVIII. SCIPIO AFRICANUS AND THE GODS.
+
+  _Scipio believed that he was a special favourite of the gods:
+  before entering on any important work he used to spend hours of
+  quiet meditation in the temple on the Capitol. A�story is given
+  showing his power of foreseeing the future._
+
+Id etiam dicere haut piget, quod ii, qui de vit� et rebus Africani
+scripserunt, litteris mandaverunt. Solitus est noctis extremo ante
+primam lucem in Capitolium ventitare ac iubere aperiri cellam Iovis,
+atque ibi solus diu demorari, quasi consultans de republic� cum Iove.
+{6} Aeditumi eius templi saepe admirati, quod in eum solum id temporis
+in Capitolium ingredientem canes, semper in alios saevientes, neque
+latrarent neque incurrerent. Has volgi de Scipione opiniones confirmare
+atque approbare videbantur dicta factaque eius pleraque admiranda. Ex
+quibus est unum huiuscemodi. {12} Assidebat oppugnabatque oppidum in
+Hispani� situm, moenibus defensoribusque validum et munitum, re etiam
+cibari� copiosum, nullaque eius potiundi spes erat. Quodam die ius in
+castris sedens dicebat, atque ex eo loco id oppidum procul visebatur.
+{17} Tum quispiam e militibus, qui in iure apud eum stabant,
+interrogavit ex more, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti iuberet:
+et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens,
+perendie sese sistere illo in loco iussit. Atque ita factum: die tertio,
+in quem vadari iusserat, oppidum captum est eodemque eo die in arce eius
+oppidi ius dixit. {24}
+
+
+XIX. DUTY AND FRIENDSHIP.
+
+  _How a man, when trying a friend who was guilty, succeeded in
+  reconciling the claims of duty and of friendship, by himself
+  voting for condemnation, but persuading his fellow iudices to vote
+  for acquittal._
+
+Super amici capite iudex cum duobus aliis fui. Ita lex fuit, uti eum
+hominem condemnari necesse esset. Aut amico igitur caput perdendum aut
+adhibenda fraus legi fuit. Multa cum animo meo ad casum tam ancipitem
+medendum consultavi; tandem hoc, quod feci, visum est optimum. Ipse
+tacitus ad condemnandum sententiam tuli, iis qui simul iudicabant, ut
+absolverent, persuasi. Sic mihi et iudicis et amici officium in re tant�
+salvum fuit. {9}
+
+
+XX. AVOID OBSOLETE LANGUAGE.
+
+  _Favorinus rebuked a young man, who affected the use of archaic
+  language, by telling him to hold his tongue altogether if he did
+  not wish to be understood: if he admired the purity of the good
+  old times he should imitate their ways, not their words._
+
+Favorinus philosophus adulescenti, veterum verborum cupidissimo et
+plerasque voces nimis priscas et ignotas in cotidianis sermonibus
+expromenti, "Curius" inquit "et Fabricius et Coruncanius, antiquissimi
+viri, et his antiquiores Horatii illi trigemini plane ac dilucide cum
+suis locuti sunt, neque Auruncorum aut Sicanorum aut Pelasgorum, qui
+primi coluisse Italiam dicuntur, sed aetatis suae verbis usi sunt; {8}
+tu autem, proinde quasi cum matre Euandri nunc loquare, sermone abhinc
+multis annis iam desito uteris, quod neminem vis scire atque intellegere
+quae dicas. Nonne, homo inepte, ut quod vis abunde consequaris, taces?
+{12} Sed antiquitatem tibi placere ais, quod honesta et bona et sobria
+et modesta sit. Vive ergo moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis
+praesentibus: atque id, quod a C. Caesare scriptum est, habe semper in
+memori� atque in pectore, ut tamquam scopulum sic fugias insolens
+verbum." {18}
+
+
+XXI. TORQUATUS AND THE GAUL:--THE CHALLENGE.
+
+  _In one of the struggles between the Romans and the Gauls in 361
+  B.C. a gigantic Gaul challenged the Romans to send out a champion
+  to meet him: all held back except the young T. Manlius._
+
+Titus Manlius summo loco natus fuit. Ei cognomen factum est Torquatus.
+Causa cognomenti fuisse dicitur torquis, quam ex hoste, quem occiderat,
+detractam induit. Quis hostis fuerit et qualis pugna ita accepimus. {5}
+
+Galli contra Romanos pugnabant, cum interim Gallus quidam nudus praeter
+scutum et gladios duos, torque atque armillis decoratus, qui et viribus
+et magnitudine et adulescenti� et virtute ceteros praestabat, processit
+et manu significare coepit utrisque, ut quiescerent. Extemplo silentio
+facto voce maxim� conclamat, si quis secum depugnare vellet, uti
+prodiret. {12} Nemo audebat propter magnitudinem atque inmanem faciem.
+Deinde Gallus inridere coepit atque linguam exertare. Doluit Titus
+Manlius, tantum flagitium civitati adcidere, e�tanto exercitu neminem
+prodire. Processit ipse scuto pedestri et gladio Hispanico cinctus et
+contra Gallum constitit. {18}
+
+
+XXII. TORQUATUS AND THE GAUL:--THE BATTLE.
+
+  _In the struggle which followed Manlius disconcerted the Gaul by
+  suddenly with his shield dashing him back from his posture of
+  defence; he then came to close quarters with the Gaul, and slew
+  him. He put on his own neck the necklace which the Gaul had worn;
+  hence he was named Torquatus. This same Manlius executed his son
+  for disobeying orders and slaying an enemy who had challenged
+  him._
+
+Metu magno ea congressio in ipso ponte, utroque exercitu inspectante,
+facta est. Constitit Gallus su� disciplin� scuto proiecto cunctabundus;
+Manlius, animo magis quam arte confisus, scuto scutum percussit atque
+statum Galli conturbavit. {5} Dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto
+constituere studet, Manlius iterum scuto scutum percutit atque de loco
+hominem iterum deiecit; eo pacto ei sub Gallicum gladium successit atque
+Hispanico pectus hausit; deinde continuo umerum dextrum incidit neque
+recessit usquam, donec subvertit. Ubi eum evertit, caput praecidit,
+torquem detraxit eamque sanguinulentam sibi in collum inponit. Quo ex
+facto ipse posterique eius Torquati sunt cognominati. {13}
+
+Ab hoc Tito Manlio imperia et aspera et immitia Manlia dicta sunt,
+quoniam postea, cum bello adversum Latinos esset consul, filium suum
+securi percussit, qui speculatum ab eo missus, pugn� interdict�, hostem,
+a quo provocatus fuerat, occiderat. {18}
+
+
+XXIII. VALERIUS CORVINUS:--THE ORIGIN OF HIS NAME.
+
+  _On another occasion the young Valerius accepted the challenge of
+  a gigantic Gaul. During the fight a raven aided the Roman by
+  attacking his enemy with its talons; thus helped Valerius slew the
+  Gaul, and received the name of Corvinus._
+
+Copiae Gallorum ingentes agrum Pomptinum insederant instruebanturque
+acies a consulibus. Dux interea Gallorum, vast� proceritate armisque
+auro praefulgentibus, manu telum vibrans incedebat perque contemptum et
+superbiam circumspicit despicitque omnia, et venire iubet et congredi,
+si quis pugnare secum ex omni Romano exercitu auderet. {7} Tum Valerius
+adulescens, tribunus iam militaris, ceteris inter metum pudoremque
+ambiguis, impetrat a consulibus, ut in Gallum pugnare sese permitterent,
+et progreditur intrepidus obviam. Et congrediuntur et consistunt et
+conserebantur iam manus. {12} Atque ibi vis quaedam divina fit: corvus
+repente advolat et super galeam tribuni insistit atque inde in
+adversarii os atque oculos pugnare incipit, eius manum unguibus laniabat
+atque, ubi satis saevierat, revolabat in galeam tribuni. Sic tribunus,
+spectante utroque exercitu, et su� virtute nixus et oper�, alitis
+adiutus, ducem hostium ferocissimum vicit interfecitque, atque ob hanc
+causam cognomen habuit Corvinum. {20}
+
+Statuam Corvino isti divus Augustus in foro suo statuendam curavit. In
+eius statuae capite corvi simulacrum est, rei pugnaeque, quam diximus,
+monimentum.
+
+
+XXIV. AESOP.
+
+  _Aesop in his fables gives good advice in a pleasant way, and
+  hence men attend to him. An instance of this is his fable of the
+  lark, which has been put into verse by Ennius._
+
+Aesopus ille e Phrygia fabularum scriptor haud inmerito sapiens
+existimatus est; quae enim utilia monitu suasuque erant, non severe
+praecepit, ut philosophis mos est, sed hilares iucundosque apologos
+commentus, in mentes hominum cum audiendi qu�dam inlecebr� induit. {6}
+Velut haec eius fabula de parvae avis nidulo lepide praemonet spem
+fiduciamque rerum, quas efficere quis possit, haut umquam in alio, sed
+in semetipso habendam. Hunc Aesopi apologum Q. Ennius in satiris
+versibus quadratis composuit, quorum duo postremi hi sunt: {11}
+
+  H�c erit tibi �rgumentum s�mper in prompt� situm,
+  N� quid expect�s amicos, qu�d tute agere p�ssies. {13}
+
+
+XXV. A FABLE OF AESOP:--THE LARK AND THE REAPERS.
+
+  _A certain lark found the corn, in which it had built, ripe for
+  cutting before its young were fledged. It therefore ordered them
+  to report anything unusual which might happen in its absence. The
+  first day they announced that the master had been to the field and
+  had sent to ask his friends to help him to reap the corn. On
+  hearing this the mother said that there was no immediate need for
+  them to leave the field._
+
+Avis est parva, nomen est cassita. Habitat in segetibus, id ferme
+temporis ut appetat messis pullis iam iam plumantibus. Ea cassita in
+sementes forte congesserat tempestiviores; propterea frumentis
+flavescentibus pulli etiam tunc inplumes erant. {5} Dum igitur ipsa iret
+cibum pullis quaesitum, monet eos, ut, si quid ibi rei novae fieret
+dicereturve, animadverterent idque sibi, ubi rediisset, nuntiarent.
+Dominus postea segetum illarum filium adulescentem vocat et "Videsne"
+inquit "haec maturuisse et manus iam postulare? idcirco cras, ubi primum
+dilucescit, fac amicos eas et roges, ut veniant operamque mutuam dent et
+in hac messi nos adiuvent." {13} Haec ubi ille dixit, et discessit.
+Atque ubi redit cassita, pulli tremibundi orare matrem, ut iam statim
+properet inque alium locum sese asportet: "Nam dominus" inquiunt "misit,
+qui amicos roget, uti luce oriente veniant et metant." Mater iubet eos
+otioso animo esse: "Si enim dominus" inquit "messim ad amicos reiicit,
+cras seges non metetur, neque necesse est hodie uti vos auferam." {20}
+
+
+XXVI. THE LARK AND THE REAPERS (_Continued_).
+
+  _Next day the young ones reported that the master, finding his
+  friends had not come, had sent to ask the aid of his relations.
+  The mother still tells them to be in no fear, and next day again
+  goes out to seek food. This time the young ones report that the
+  master, finding his relations lingered, had determined to cut the
+  corn himself. On hearing this the mother announces that they must
+  go at once._
+
+Die postero mater in pabulum volat. Dominus, quos rogaverat, opperitur.
+Sol fervit, et fit nihil; it dies, et amici nulli eunt. Tum ille rursum
+ad filium "Amici isti" inquit "cessatores sunt. Quin potius imus et
+cognatos adfinesque nostros oramus, ut adsint cras ad metendum?" {6}
+Itidem hoc pulli pavefacti matri nuntiant. Mater hortatur, ut tum quoque
+sine metu ac sine cur� sint; cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme tam
+faciles esse ait, ut ad laborem capessendum nihil cunctentur et statim
+dicto oboediant: "Vos modo" inquit "advertite, si modo quid denuo
+dicetur." Ali� luce ort� avis in pastum profecta est. {12} Cognati et
+adfines operam, quam dare rogati sunt, neglexerunt. Ad postremum igitur
+dominus filio "Valeant" inquit "amici cum propinquis. Afferes prim� luce
+falces duas; unam egomet mihi et tu tibi capies alteram et frumentum
+nosmetipsi manibus nostris cras metemus." {17} Id ubi ex pullis dixisse
+dominum mater audivit, "Tempus" inquit "est cedendi et abeundi; fiet
+nunc dubio procul quod futurum dixit. In ipso enim iam vertitur cuia res
+est, non in alio, unde petitur." Atque ita cassita e nido migravit,
+seges a domino demessa est. {23}
+
+
+XXVII. PYRRUS AND FABRICIUS.
+
+  _A friend of King Pyrrus came to the Roman general Fabricius and
+  offered to poison the King for a bribe. Fabricius reported the
+  matter to the Senate, who warned Pyrrus to be on his guard. Pyrrus
+  showed his gratitude by sending back all the Roman prisoners._
+
+Cum Pyrrus rex in terr� Itali� esset et unam atque alteram pugnas
+prospere pugnasset et pleraque Italia ad regem descivisset, tum
+Ambraciensis quispiam Timochares, regis Pyrri amicus, ad C. Fabricium
+consulem furtim venit ac praemium petivit et, si de praemio conveniret,
+promisit se regem venenis necaturum; idque facile esse factu dixit,
+quoniam filius suus pocula in convivio regi ministraret. {8} Eam rem
+Fabricius ad senatum scripsit. Senatus ad regem legatos misit
+mandavitque, ut de Timochare nihil proderent, sed monerent, uti rex
+cautius ageret atque a proximorum insidiis salutem tutaretur. Quamobrem
+Pyrrus populo Romano laudes atque gratias scripsisse dicitur captivosque
+omnes, quos tum habuit, vestivisse et reddidisse. {15}
+
+
+XXVIII. ANDROCLUS AND THE LION: SCENE IN THE CIRCUS.
+
+  _At the games in the Circus a lion of gigantic size was seen to
+  fawn upon one of the condemned slaves exposed in the arena._
+
+In circo maximo venationis pugna populo dabatur. Multae ibi ferae, sed
+praeter alia omnia leo corpore vasto terrificoque fremitu et sonoro
+animos oculosque omnium in sese converterat. Introductus erat inter
+compluris ceteros ad pugnam bestiarum datos servus viri consularis; ei
+servo Androclus nomen fuit. {6} Hunc ille leo ubi vidit procul, repente
+quasi admirans stetit ac deinde sensim atque placide, tamquam
+familiaris, ad hominem accedit. Tum caudam more adulantium canum blande
+movet cruraque et manus hominis, prope iam exanimati metu, lingu�
+leniter demulcet. {11} Homo Androclus inter illa tam atrocis ferae
+blandimenta amissum animum recuperat, paulatim oculos ad contuendum
+leonem refert. Tum quasi mutu� recognitione fact� laetos et gratulantes
+videres hominem et leonem. {16}
+
+
+XXIX. ANDROCLUS AND THE LION:--THE SLAVE'S STORY.
+
+  _When questioned by the Emperor the slave explained that he had
+  fled from his master into the African desert, that he had by
+  accident taken refuge in this lion's cave, and, when the lion had
+  returned to its home lame, he had extracted a thorn from its
+  foot._
+
+Haec tam mira res maximos populi clamores excitat et Caesar Androclum
+vocat quaeritque causam, cur illi uni atrocissimus leo pepercisset. Ibi
+Androclus rem mirificam atque admirandam narrat. {4} "Cum provinciam"
+inquit "Africam proconsulari imperio meus dominus obtineret, ego ibi
+iniquis eius et cotidianis verberibus ad fugam sum coactus et, quo mihi
+a domino, terrae illius praeside, tutiores latebrae forent, in locos
+desertos et remotos concessi ac, si defuisset cibus, consilium fuit
+mortem aliquo pacto quaerere. {10} Tum die medio sole flagrante specum
+quemdam nanctus remotum latebrosumque, in eum me recondo. Neque multo
+post ad eundem specum venit hic leo, debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus
+edens et murmura ob dolorem cruciatumque vulneris. {15} Atque illic
+primo quidem conspectu advenientis leonis territus et pavefactus sum;
+sed postquam introgressus leo videt me procul delitescentem, mitis et
+mansuetus accessit et sublatum pedem ostendere mihi et porrigere quasi
+opis petendae grati� visus est. {20} Ibi ego stirpem ingentem, vestigio
+pedis eius haerentem, revelli conceptamque saniem volnere intimo
+expressi et sine magn� iam formidine siccavi penitus atque detersi
+cruorem. Ill� tunc me� oper� levatus, pede in manibus meis posito,
+recubuit et quievit." {25}
+
+
+XXX. ANDROCLUS AND THE LION:--THE SLAVE'S STORY (_continued_).
+
+  _For three years he and the lion had lived together. At last he
+  had grown weary of the savage life, but as soon as he had returned
+  to the haunts of men he had been captured, condemned, and sent to
+  Rome to be exposed to the wild beasts in the circus. Androclus was
+  pardoned and the lion was given to him._
+
+"Ex eo die triennium totum ego et leo in eodem specu eodemque et victu
+viximus. Nam, quas venabatur feras, membra opimiora ad specum mihi
+ferebat, quae ego, ignis copiam non habens, meridiano sole torrens
+edebam. {5} Sed ubi me vitae illius ferinae iam pertaesum est, leone in
+venatum profecto, reliqui specum et, viam ferme tridui permensus,
+a�militibus visus adprehensusque sum et ad dominum ex Afric� Romam
+deductus. Is me statim rei capitalis damnandum dandumque ad bestias
+curavit. Intellego autem" inquit "hunc quoque leonem me tunc separato
+captum, gratiam mihi nunc beneficii et medicinae referre." {13}
+
+Haec dixit Androclus; quae cum scripta essent circumlataque populo et
+declarata, cunctis petentibus dimissus Androclus et poen� solutus et
+leone suffragiis populi donatus. Postea Androclus et leo, loro tenui
+revinctus, urbe tot� circum tabernas ibat: donatus est aere Androclus,
+floribus sparsus est leo, omnesque ubique obvii exclamant, "Hic est leo
+hospes hominis, hic est homo medicus leonis." {21}
+
+
+XXXI. THE ACTOR POLUS.
+
+  _Polus, having to act the part of Electra soon after his only son
+  had died, appeared on the stage holding the urn which contained
+  the remains of his son, and over this he wept the tears of real
+  grief._
+
+Histrio in terr� Graeci� fuit fam� celebri, cui nomen erat Polus. Is
+unice amatum filium morte amisit, sed ubi cum satis visus est luxisse,
+rediit ad quaestum artis. {4}
+
+Eo tempore Athenis Electram Sophoclis acturus, gestare urnam quasi cum
+Oresti ossibus debebat. Ita compositum fabulae argumentum est ut, veluti
+fratris reliquias ferens, Electra comploret interitum eius existimatum.
+{9} Igitur Polus, lugubri habitu Electrae indutus, ossa atque urnam e
+sepulcro tulit filii et, quasi Oresti amplexus, opplevit omnia non
+simulacris sed luctu atque lamentis veris. Itaque cum agi fabula
+videretur, dolor actus est. {13}
+
+
+XXXII. A GREEK ORATOR IS BRIBED, AND GLORIES IN HIS SHAME.
+
+  _A Greek orator--some say Demosthenes, others Demades--at first
+  opposed a request of the Milesians for aid, but took a bribe to
+  withdraw his opposition. When the matter was again discussed he
+  announced that he was suffering from an inflamed throat, and so
+  could not speak. He afterwards openly boasted that he had been
+  paid to hold his tongue._
+
+Legati Mileto auxilii petendi caus� venerunt Athenas. Tum qui pro sese
+verba facerent advocaverunt; hi, uti erat mandatum, verba pro Milesiis
+ad populum fecerunt, sed Demosthenes Milesiorum postulatis acriter
+respondit; neque Milesios auxilio dignos neque ex republic� id esse
+contendit. Res tandem in posterum diem prolata est. {7} Tum legati ad
+Demosthenen venerunt oraveruntque, uti contra ne diceret. Is pecuniam
+petivit et quantam petiverat abstulit. Postridie, cum res agi denuo
+coepta esset, Demosthenes, lan� mult� collum circumvolutus, ad populum
+prodit et dixit se synanchen pati; eo contra Milesios loqui non quire.
+Tum e populo quidam exclamavit, non synanchen eum pati sed argyranchen.
+{14}
+
+Ipse etiam Demosthenes non id postea celavit, quin gloriae quoque hoc
+sibi adsignavit. Nam cum interrogasset Aristodemum, actorem fabularum,
+quantum mercedis, uti ageret, accepisset, et Aristodemus talentum
+respondisset, "At ego plus" inquit "accepi, ut tacerem." {20}
+
+Quod hic diximus de Demosthene, id nonnulli scriptores in Demaden
+contulerunt. {22}
+
+
+XXXIII. CICERO.
+
+  _Cicero once borrowed money to buy a house, but afterwards denied
+  that he had ever taken the money or had intended to purchase the
+  property. He did buy the house, and, when reminded of what he had
+  said, replied that a prudent man always concealed his intended
+  purchases._
+
+Cicero cum emere vellet in Palatio domum neque pecuniam in praesens
+haberet, a�P. Sulla, qui tum reus erat, mutua sestertium viciens tacita
+accepit. Ea res tamen, priusquam emeret, prodita est et in vulgus
+exivit, obiectumque ei est, quod pecuniam domus emendae caus� a reo
+accepisset. {6} Tum Cicero inopinat� obprobratione permotus accepisse se
+negavit ac domum quoque se empturum negavit. Sed cum postea emisset et
+hoc mendacium in senatu ei ab amicis obiiceretur, risit satis atque
+inter ridendum: "#akoinono�toi#" inquit "homines estis, cum ignoratis
+prudentis et cauti patrisfamilias esse, quod emere velit, empturum sese
+negare propter competitores emptionis." {13}
+
+
+XXXIV. FIRES AT ROME:--A REMEDY.
+
+  _"Property in Rome," said a friend, "would be worth far more if
+  the risk from fire were not so great." "Archelaus," replied
+  Julianus, "preserved his defensive outworks from fire by covering
+  them with alum."_
+
+Declamaverat Antonius Iulianus rhetor quam felicissime, eumque nos
+familiares eius circumfusi undique prosequebamur domum, cum subeuntes
+montem Cispium conspicimus insulam quandam multis, arduisque tabulatis
+editam, igni occupatam et propinqua iam omnia flagrare vasto incendio.
+{6} Tum quispiam ibi ex comitibus Iuliani, "Magni" inquit "reditus
+urbanorum praediorum, sed pericula sunt longe maxima. Si quid autem
+posset remedii fore, ut ne tam adsidue domus Romae arderent, venum
+hercle dedissem res rusticas et urbicas emissem." Atque illi Iulianus
+"Si annalem" inquit "undevicensimum Q. Claudi legisses, docuisset te
+profecto Archelaus, regis Mitridati praefectus, quo remedio ignem
+defenderes. {14} In eo enim libro scriptum inveni, cum obpugnaret L.
+Sulla in terr� Attic� Piraeum et contra Archelaus regis Mitridati
+praefectus ex eo oppido propugnaret, turrim ligneam defendendi grati�
+structam, cum ex omni latere circumplexa igni foret, ardere non quisse,
+quod alumine ab Archelao oblita fuisset." {20}
+
+
+XXXV. ARION AND THE DOLPHIN.
+
+1. THE ROBBERY.
+
+  _Arion, having gained much money in Italy and Sicily, took ship to
+  return to Corinth, but was robbed and made to leap overboard by
+  the sailors._
+
+Vetus et nobilis cantor Arion fuit. Is oppido Methymnaeus, terr� Lesbius
+fuit. Eum Arionem rex Corinthi Periander amicum habuit artis grati�. Is
+inde a rege proficiscitur, ut terras praeclaras Siciliam atque Italiam
+viseret. Ubi eo venit aures omnium mentesque in utriusque terrae urbibus
+delectavit, et postea grandem pecuniam adeptus Corinthum instituit
+redire. {8} Navem igitur et navitas, ut notiores amicioresque sibi,
+Corinthios delegit. Sed ei Corinthii, homine accepto navique in altum
+provect�, praedae pecuniaeque cupidi, consilium de necando Arione
+ceperunt. Tum ille pecuniam ceteraque sua eis dedit vitam modo sibi ut
+parcerent oravit. {13} Navitae per vim suis manibus eum non necaverunt,
+sed imperaverunt, ut iam statim coram desiliret praeceps in mare. Homo
+ibi territus, spe omni vitae perdit�, id unum postea oravit, ut,
+priusquam mortem obpeteret, induere permitterent sua sibi omnia et fides
+capere et canere carmen. {19} Quod oraverat impetrat, atque ibi mox de
+more cinctus, amictus, ornatus stansque in summ� puppi, carmen, quod
+"orthium" dicitur, voce sublatissim� cantavit. Ad postrema cantus cum
+fidibus ornatuque omni, sicut stabat canebatque, iecit sese procul in
+profundum. {24}
+
+
+XXXVI. ARION AND THE DOLPHIN.
+
+2. THE RESCUE.
+
+  _A dolphin carried him safely to Taenarum; thence he travelled to
+  Corinth, and told his adventure to the King. The sailors on their
+  arrival were confronted by Arion and convicted of their crime._
+
+Navitae, hautquaquam dubitantes, quin periisset, cursum, quem facere
+coeperant, tenuerunt. Sed novum et mirum et pium facinus contigit.
+Delphinus repente inter undas adnavit, fluitantique sese homini
+subdidit, et dorso super fluctus edito vectavit incolumique eum corpore
+et ornatu Taenarum in terram Laconicam devexit. {7} Tum Arion prorsus ex
+eo loco Corinthum petivit talemque Periandro regi, qualis delphino
+vectus fuerat, inopinanti sese optulit, eique rem, sicuti acciderat,
+narravit. Rex istaec parum credidit, Arionem, quasi falleret, custodiri
+iussit, navitas inquisitos, ablegato Arione, dissimulanter interrogavit,
+ecquid audissent in his locis, unde venissent, de Arione? {14} Dixerunt
+hominem, cum inde irent, in terr� Itali� fuisse et illic bene agere. Tum
+inter haec eorum verba Arion cum fidibus et indumentis, cum quibus se in
+salum deiecerat, extitit, navitaeque stupefacti convictique ire infitias
+non quiverunt. Hanc fabulam dicunt Lesbii et Corinthii, atque fabulae
+argumentum est quod simulacra duo aenea ad Taenarum visuntur, delphinus
+vehens et homo insidens. {21}
+
+
+XXXVII. THE THRACIAN HUSBANDMAN.
+
+  _A Thracian having heard that trees required cutting and pruning,
+  proceeded to chop the tops off his vines and olives, and thus in
+  his ignorance destroyed all his property._
+
+Homo Thracus ex ultim� barbari� ruris colendi insolens, cum in terras
+cultiores migrasset, fundum mercatus est oleo atque vino consitum. Qui
+nihil admodum de vite aut arbore colend� sciret, videt forte vicinum
+rubos alte atque late obortas excidentem, fraxinos ad summum prope
+verticem deputantem, suboles vitium e radicibus super terram fusas
+revellentem, stolones in pomis aut in oleis proceros amputantem; {9}
+acceditque prope et cur tantam ligni atque frondium caedem faceret,
+percontatus est. Et vicinus ita respondit: "Ut ager" inquit "mundus
+purusque fiat, eius arbor atque vitis fecundior." {12} Discedit ille a
+vicino gratias agens et laetus, tamquam adeptus rei rusticae
+disciplinam. Tum falcem ac securim capit; atque ibi homo miser imperitus
+vites suas sibi omnis et oleas detruncat, comasque arborum laetissimas
+uberrimosque vitium palmites decidit, et virgulta simul omnia, pomis
+gignendis felicia, cum sentibus et rubis purgandi agri grati� convellit.
+{19}
+
+
+XXXVIII. MITRIDATES.
+
+  _Mitridates by the use of antidotes made himself proof against
+  poisons: hence when he wished to kill himself he had to use his
+  sword. He could speak perfectly the languages of the twenty-two
+  nations over which he ruled._
+
+Mitridates ille Ponti rex medicinae rei et remediorum sollers erat,
+quorum adsiduo usu a clandestinis epularum insidiis cavebat; quin et
+ultro ostentandi grati� venenum rapidum et velox saepenumero hausit,
+atque id tamen sine nox� fuit. Quamobrem postea, cum proelio victus in
+ultima regni refugisset et mori decrevisset, venena festinandae necis
+caus� frustra expertus, suo se ipse gladio transegit. {8}
+
+Quintus Ennius tria corda sese habere dicebat, quod loqui Graece et Osce
+et Latine sciret. Mitridates autem duarum et viginti gentium, quas sub
+dicione habuit, linguas percalluit, earumque omnium gentium viris haut
+umquam per interpretem conlocutus est, sed lingu� et oratione cuiusque,
+non minus scite quam si gentis eius esset, locutus est. {15}
+
+
+XXXIX. THE PHILOSOPHER AND HIS PUPIL.
+
+  _Euathlus agreed to pay Protagoras a certain sum of money on the
+  day when he won his first case. He never undertook one, so at last
+  Protagoras brought an action against him to recover the money.
+  "You are in this dilemma," said the philosopher: "if you lose this
+  action, the court will award me the money; if you win it, you will
+  have won your first case, and will owe me the fee according to our
+  agreement." "Nay," replied the pupil, "if I win the action,
+  I�shall owe you nothing according to the sentence of the court;
+  if I lose, I shall owe you nothing according to our agreement."_
+
+Euathlus, adulescens dives, eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi
+cupidus fuit. Is in disciplinam Protagorae sese dedit daturumque
+promisit mercedem grandem pecuniam, quantam Protagoras petiverat,
+dimidiumque eius dedit iam tunc pepigitque, ut reliquum dimidium daret,
+quo primo die causam apud iudices orasset et vicisset. {7} Postea cum
+diu auditor Protagorae fuisset, causas tamen non reciperet, tempusque
+iam longum transcurreret et facere id videretur, ne relicum mercedis
+daret, capit consilium Protagoras, ut tum existimabat, astutum: petere
+institit ex pacto mercedem, litem cum Euathlo contestatur. {12}
+
+Cum ad iudices venissent, tum Protagoras sic exorsus est: "Disce,"
+inquit "stultissime adulescens, utroque id modo fore, uti reddas quod
+peto, sive contra te pronuntiatum erit sive pro te. Nam, si contra te
+lis data erit, merces mihi ex sententi� debebitur, quia ego vicero; sin
+vero secundum te iudicatum erit, merces mihi ex pacto debebitur, quia tu
+viceris." {20}
+
+Ad ea respondit Euathlus: "Disce igitur tu quoque, magister
+sapientissime, utroque modo fore, uti non reddam quod petis, sive contra
+me pronuntiatum fuerit sive pro me. Nam, si iudices pro caus� me�
+senserint, nihil tibi ex sententi� debebitur, quia ego vicero; sin
+contra me pronuntiaverint, nihil tibi ex pacto debebo, quia non vicero."
+{27}
+
+Tum iudices hoc inexplicabile esse rati, causam in diem longissimam
+distulerunt. Sic ab adulescente discipulo magister doctissimus suo ipse
+argumento confutatus est. {31}
+
+
+XL. ROMAN RESPECT FOR AN OATH; THE STORY OF THE TEN CAPTIVES.
+
+  _Hannibal after the battle of Cannae sent ten captives to Rome to
+  propose an exchange of prisoners, but bound the ten by an oath to
+  return, if the Senate did not accept his offer. The Senate
+  rejected it, and eight out of the ten returned, but two, yielding
+  to the entreaties of their friends, and alleging that they had by
+  a trick freed themselves from the obligation of the oath, remained
+  behind. These two were treated with such scorn that they found
+  life unbearable and committed suicide._
+
+Post proelium Cannense Hannibal ex captivis nostris electos decem Romam
+misit, mandavitque eis pactusque est, ut, si populo Romano videretur,
+permutatio fieret captivorum et pro his, quos alteri plures acciperent,
+darent argenti pondo libram et selibram. Hoc, priusquam
+proficiscerentur, iusiurandum eos adegit, redituros esse in castra
+Poenica, si Romani captivos non permutarent. {8}
+
+Veniunt Romam decem captivi. Mandatum Poeni imperatoris in senatu
+exponunt. Permutatio senatui non placet. Parentes, cognati adfinesque
+captivorum amplexi eos postliminio in patriam redisse dicebant,
+statumque eorum integrum incolumemque esse, ac, ne ad hostes redire
+vellent, orabant. {14} Tum octo ex his postliminium iustum non esse sibi
+responderunt, quoniam iure iurando vincti forent, statimque, uti iurati
+erant, ad Hannibalem profecti sunt. {17} Duo reliqui Romae manserunt
+solutosque se esse ac liberatos religione dicebant, quoniam, cum egressi
+castra hostium fuissent, commenticio consilio, tamquam ob aliquam
+fortuitam causam, eodem regressi sunt, atque ita rursum iniurati
+abissent. {22} Haec eorum fraudulenta calliditas tam esse turpis
+existimata est, ut contempti vulgo sint censoresque eos postea omnibus
+ignominiae notis adfecerint. {25}
+
+Multis autem in senatu placuit, ut datis custodibus ad Hannibalem
+deducerentur, sed ea sententia numero plurium, quibus id non videretur,
+superata. Usque adeo tamen invisi erant, ut taedio vitae necem sibi
+conscivissent. {30}
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+I.
+
+1. +P. Vergilius Maro+, the greatest of Roman epic poets, was born 70
+B.C. near Mantua, in the N. of Italy, and died 19 B.C. at Brundusium, in
+the S.E. of Italy. His chief works were the _B[-u]c[)o]l[)i]c[)a]_
+(#bou-kole�#, I�tend cattle), or _Ecl[)o]gae_ ('Selections,' from
+#ek-leg�#, I�choose out), a�series of short poems, chiefly pastoral; the
+_G[)e]org[)i]c[)a]_ (#g� ergon#), a�poetical treatise on agriculture;
+and the _Aen[-e]�s_, or story of Aen[-e]as, a�poem in twelve books,
+relating the adventures of Aeneas after the fall of Troy.
+
+2. +se parere versus+, 'that he produced his verses like a bear,' lit.
+'in a bear-like manner.'
+
++p[)a]r[)e]re+, from _p[)a]rio_. Distinguish three words, (1)�_p[)a]ro,
+-avi, -atum, -are_, 'I prepare,' (2)�_p[-a]reo, -ui, -itum, -[-e]re_,
+'I�obey,' gov. dat. case, (3)�_p[)a]rio, p[)e]p[)e]ri, partum_, or
+_par[)i]tum, -[)e]re_, 'I bring forth.'
+
+3. +lambendo+, abl. of the gerund, 'by licking it'; so +tractando
+corrigendoque+, 'by polishing and correcting them.'
+
+5. +partus+, nom. pl., best translated by the English sing., 'the
+offspring�of...'
+
+6. +reddo+, compound of +re+ and +do+. _R[)e]d_ is used for _re_ in
+_red[)a]mo_, _redarguo_, _reddo_, _redeo_, _redhibeo_, _redigo_,
+_redimo_, _redoleo_, _redundo_. In composition the _re_ is short except
+in ... +r[-e]ligio+ (often spelt _relligio_), +r[-e]liquiae+ (often
+spelt _relliquiae_), and the perfects of _r[)e]pello_, _r[)e]perio_,
+and _r[)e]fero_, viz., +r[-e]puli+ (or _reppuli_), +r[-e]peri+ (or
+_repperi_), and +r[-e]tuli+ (or _rettuli_). +R[-e]fert+, the impersonal
+verb, 'it concerns,' is a compound of _res-fert_: _r[)e]fero_, makes 3rd
+sing, _r[)e]fert_. +Re+ or _red_ in composition has two principal
+meanings, (1)�'back' or 'backward,' as _redeo_, 'I go back,'
+(2)�'again,' as _reficio_, 'I make again, repair.' It also frequently
+denotes (3)�'duty' or 'obligation,' so _reddo_ here means 'I give as is
+due,' 'render.'
+
+
+II.
+
+1. +Menander+ (342-291 B.C.), an Athenian comic poet, famous as the
+model of Roman dramatists, especially Terence.
+
++Philemon+, also an Athenian comic poet, the contemporary and rival of
+Menander.
+
+2. +in certaminibus comoediarum+. In Athens dramas were represented at
+the great festivals in honour of Dionysus, at which "every citizen was
+present, as a matter of course, from daybreak to sunset" (Donaldson).
+Judges were appointed by lot to decide upon the merits of the rival
+plays. The successful poet was crowned with ivy, and his name was
+proclaimed before the audience.
+
++ambitus+, 'bribery,' from _ambio_; properly a 'going round' to canvass
+for votes, etc., especially by bribery. _Ambitio_, from the same verb,
+is used both in this sense and also as 'a desire for power,' etc., our
+'ambition.'
+
+4. +quaeso+, used parenthetically like our 'pray!'
+
++bon� veni�+, 'apologizing for the question'; lit. 'with your good
+leave...' _i.e._ 'pardon me, but...'
+
+5. +nonne+ introduces a question expecting the answer 'Yes,' e.g. _nonne
+erubescis_, 'do you not blush?' +Num+ introduces a question expecting
+the answer 'No,' e.g. _num erubescis_, 'you do not blush, do you?' +-ne+
+is used when the answer is doubtful, e.g. _erubescisne_, 'do you blush?'
+
++erubesco+. The termination _-sco_ shows that the verb is inceptive or
+inchoative, _i.e._ denotes the beginning (_inceptum_) of an action or
+state. Such verbs are always of the 3rd conjugation, and form their
+perfects and supines (if they have supines, but in most inceptives the
+supine is wanting) from the simple verb or stem from which they spring,
+e.g. _pallesco_ (from _palleo_), _pallui_, (no supine), _pallescere_,
+I�begin to grow pale; _v[)e]t[)e]rasco_ (from old form _v[)e]ter_,
+classical _v[)e]tus_, _-[)e]ris_), _-ravi_, no sup., _veterasc[)e]re_,
+'I grow old.'
+
+
+III.
+
+1. +Aristoteles+, the Greek philosopher, was born at Stag[-i]ra, in
+Macedonia, 384 B.C. He lived for twenty years at Athens, where he was a
+pupil of Plato; afterwards he returned to Macedonia, and became the
+tutor of Alexander. When Alexander succeeded to the throne, Aristotle
+again went to Athens and taught philosophy for 13 years in the Lyceum,
+a�gymnasium sacred to Apollo Lyceus. He died in 322 B.C. at Chalcis in
+Euboea. Many of his writings upon logic, moral and political philosophy,
+natural history, etc., have reached�us.
+
++Plutarchus+ was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia about 50 A.D. He came to
+Rome at an early age, and spent many years there and in other parts of
+Italy. In his old age he returned to Chaeronea, where he died at an
+unknown date. His works were written in Greek: the most famous of them
+is the _Parallel Lives_ of forty-six Greeks and Romans, arranged in
+pairs, a Greek and a Roman together (_e.g._ Alexander and Caesar,
+Demosthenes and Cicero), the life of each pair being followed by a short
+discussion of their comparative merits.
+
++hercle+ is a nominative form; the similar exclamations _mehercules_,
+_mehercule_, _mehercle_, _hercules_, _hercule_, and _hercle_ are all
+abbreviations for '_me Hercules juvet!_' 'may Hercules help me!' Cf. the
+interjectional phrase, '_medius fidius_,' for '_me deus Fidius juvet_',
+'so help me the God of Faith!'
+
+2. +si super ...+, the order is '_si imponis magna pondera super lignum
+palmae arboris_.'
+
+3. +non deorsum+, the wood does not yield and bend inwards beneath the
+weight, but rises up against it and bends outwards.
+
+6. +urgentibus opprimentibusque+, dat. after cedit, 'it does not
+yield�to....'
+
+
+IV.
+
+1. +Socrates+ was born at Athens 469 B.C. His father was a statuary, and
+in early life Socrates followed the same profession, but he soon
+abandoned it and devoted himself entirely to philosophy. He did not
+follow the usual custom of giving public lectures or opening a school,
+but went about in the city talking to men wherever he met them, and
+endeavouring to awake in them a love of true knowledge. By his attacks
+upon the popular theories and his free discussion of religious questions
+he roused a strong antagonism; at last he was impeached on the three
+charges of corrupting the Athenian youth, despising the gods of the
+State, and introducing new deities, and was executed by a draught of
+hemlock poison, 399 B.C. He left no written works, so that our knowledge
+of him is derived from the writings of his pupils and contemporaries,
+chiefly Plato and Xenophon.
+
+3. +iris ... scatebat+, lit. 'bubbled over with,' 'overflowed with ...'
+Cf. Hor. _Od._ iii.�27,�26, '_scatentem beluis pontum_,' 'the ocean
+teeming with monsters'; and Aulus Gellius, _N.�A._ l.�15, uses '_scatere
+verbis_.'
+
++quam rem ... demiratus+, 'having expressed his astonishment at this
+fact to her husband Socrates.'
+
+4. +Alcibiades+, 450-404 B.C., was a brilliant but unprincipled Athenian
+statesman, who became famous during the Peloponnesian war. He enjoyed
+the friendship of Socrates, was saved by Socrates at the battle of
+Potidaea, 432 B.C., and saved the life of Socrates at the battle of
+Delium, 424 B.C.
+
+5. +[)a]cerbum+, _[)a]cer-bus_ from _[-a]cer_, as _s[)u]per-bus_ from
+_s[)u]per_. Usually words retain the quantity of the word from which
+they are derived, but there are many exceptions, e.g. _h[)o]mo_ and
+_h[-u]manus_, _n[-o]tus_ and _cog-n[)i]tus_, so _rex_, gen. _r[-e]gis_,
+but _r[)e]go_, _dux_, gen. _d[)u]cis_, but _d[-u]co_.
+
+7. +insuesco+. Cf. note on _erubesco_, ii.�5.
+
++exerceor+, in a middle sense, 'I exercise myself.' Cf. _faciunt idem,
+cum exercentur, athletae_ (Cic. _Tusc._ ii.�23, 56), 'athletes do the
+same when they exercise themselves.' Many Latin passives have thus a
+'middle' force; cf. _vertor_, I�turn myself; _lavor_, I�wash myself; and
+the deponents _glorior_, I boast myself; _vescor_, I�feed myself, etc.
+
+8. +ut ... feram+, 'so that I bear more easily.' _Ut_ used in a
+consecutive sense, _i.e._ denoting the consequence or result.
+
+
+V.
+
+1. +corporis firmandi caus�+, '(undergone) for the sake of strengthening
+his body'--the gerundive attraction. Cf. note xiii.�1.
+
+3. +ad solem alterum orientem+, 'till the next sunrise.' _Sol oriens_ is
+used for sunrise, _i.e._ the rising of the sun, as '_summus mons_' for
+'the top of the mountain,' _Caesar mortuus_ for 'the death of Caesar,'
+etc.
+
+5. +tanquam ... facto+, lit. a�certain withdrawal, as it were, of mind
+and feeling from the body having taken place, _i.e._ 'mind and feeling
+having, as it were, left his body.' He stood in seeming unconsciousness.
+_Animus_, when contrasted with _mens_, is the mind as the seat of the
+passions, etc.; _mens_ the higher reasoning faculty, the intellect.
+
+9. +valitudine integra+, the abl. absolute, 'in unimpaired health.'
+
+_Ablative Absolute_, 'absolute' (_absolutus_, fr. _ab�solvo_,
+'I�release') here means 'released' from government by any word in the
+principal sentence.
+
+The construction is one of many varieties of the adverbial ablative;
+_e.g._ the abl. of time, the abl. of place where, the abl. of manner,
+etc.; but it differs from these ablatives--
+
+(1) In being equivalent to a complete clause, e.g. _Caesar hoc dixit,
+convocatis militibus_ is equivalent to _cum milites convocati essent_.
+
+(2) Or, to express the same fact in another way, it consists of two
+words each in the ablative, one of which stands to the other in the
+relation of predicate to subject; the 'subject' being a substantive or
+pronoun, the 'predicate' a participle, adjective, substantive, or, more
+rarely, a�pronoun.
+
+_Exceptions:_ But (_a_) sometimes the subject is not expressed, and a
+participle is used impersonally by itself in the abl. absol.--the
+participle here being equivalent to a clause containing an impersonal
+verb, e.g. _mihi_, _errato_, _nulla venia_, 'there is no pardon for me,
+if I blunder' (_errato = si erratum erit a me_).
+
+(_b_) Sometimes a whole clause is substituted for the abl. of the
+'subject': e.g. _excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus_, 'happy in
+all respects, except the fact that you were not with me' (lit. 'the fact
+that you were not with me being excepted').
+
+_Examples:_ (1) Subst. and participle, _Tullio regnante vixerunt_, 'they
+lived whilst Tullius was king.' (2)�Subst. and adj., _Hannibale vivo
+Romani semper Poenos timuerunt_, 'the Romans always feared the
+Carthaginians whilst Hannibal lived.' (3)�Subst. and subst., _Nil
+desperandum Teucro duce_, 'there is no cause for despair whilst Teucer
+is our leader.' (4)�Subst. and pron., _quid hoc populo obtineri potest_,
+'what can be maintained with such a people as this?' (5)�Pron. and
+participle, _eis occisis ceteri domum redierunt_, 'when those men had
+been slain the rest returned home.' (6)�Pron. and adj., _me invito id
+fecit_, 'he did it contrary to my wishes.' (7)�Pron. and subst., _eo
+rege tuti erant_, 'they were safe whilst he was king.'
+
+_Note._--(1) The abl. absolute sometimes expresses merely time (_e.g._
+_inita aestate_, 'at the beginning of summer'), but more often attendant
+circumstances, or cause.
+
+(2) The abl. absol. cannot be used when the 'subject' of the clause is
+the same as the subject or object of the principal clause. This rule is
+sometimes, but rarely, violated.
+
+(3) In Greek the genitive is the absolute case: in most modern languages
+the nom. is thus used: but the acc. is sometimes used absolutely in
+German, and in Old English the accusative (representing the dative of
+Anglo-Saxon) was used absolutely. Milton uses both nom. and acc.: cf.
+"Us dispossessed," _Par. L._, vii.�140; "I�extinct," id. ix.�994.
+
+10. +pestilentia+, the famous plague of Athens, which raged during the
+second and third years of the +Peloponnesian war+. This was a war
+between Athens with her allies and Sparta with her allies, which lasted
+for 28 years, from 431 to 404 B.C., and ended in the defeat of Athens
+and the loss of her maritime supremacy.
+
+
+VI.
+
+1. +Alexander III+. (356-323 B.C.), surnamed the Great, ascended the
+throne of Macedonia on the death of his father Philip, 336 B.C. In the
+13 years of his reign he conquered the greater part of Eastern Europe
+and Asia Minor, and marched even into Northern India and Egypt. The
+incident here mentioned happened in his Indian campaign. In 327 he
+crossed the Indus, entered the Punjaub, defeated and captured the Indian
+king Porus in a great battle on the banks of the Hydaspes, and founded
+there two towns--Bucephalon and Nicaea. He continued his progress as far
+as the banks of the Hyphasis, but here his wearied troops mutinied and
+refused to advance any further.
+
++B[-u]c[)e]ph[)a]l[-a]s+ (#boukephalas#, #bous kephal�#), 'ox-head,' so
+called from the breadth of its forehead.
+
+2. +emptum+, 'Chares has stated that it was bought for 13 talents.'
+_talentis_, abl. of price.
+
++Chares+ was an officer at Alexander's court, who wrote a series of
+anecdotes about the life and exploits of the king.
+
+3. +hoc autem+, the order _is hoc est nostri aeris summa trecenta
+duodecim sestertia_, 'this is in (lit. of) our money the sum (of) 312
+sestertia.' Sestertium = 1,000 sestertii, about �8 at this time.
+Therefore 312 sestertia = �312 x 8 = �2,496. For _sestertium_ cf.
+xxxiii.�2.
+
+6. +haud unquam+, etc., 'it never allowed itself to be mounted by any
+one except the king.'
+
+8. +faceret+, subj. after _cum_.
+
+_Cum_ (= when), like other temporal conjunctions, takes as a rule the
+indic. mood; but the subj. is required when the time of the _cum_ clause
+is regarded as depending on the time of the principal clause. This is
+usually the case in past time, hence the rule is that _cum_ in past time
+requires the imperf. or plup. subj., unless (1)�it is used in a
+frequentative sense, _e.g._ 'as often as' (but later writers, _e.g._
+Livy, often use the subj. even in this sense), e.g. _cum palam ejus
+anuli ad palmam converterat, a�nullo videbatur_ (Cic. _Off._), 'as often
+as he turned the bezel of that ring to his palm, he was seen by no one,'
+cf. xiv.�7, _id cum dixerat_, 'as often as he had said that'; (2)�it is
+simply equivalent to _et tum_, e.g. _castra ibi posita, cum subito
+advenere Samnitium legiones_ (Livy), 'the camp had been pitched there,
+when the Samnite legions suddenly arrived'; (3)�the two clauses mark
+strictly contemporaneous events, _tum_ being often added in the
+principal clause to mark this fact, e.g. _vos tum paruistis cum paruit
+nemo_ (Cic. _p.�Lig._�7), 'you were obedient at a time when no one
+(else) was obedient.'
+
+9. +non satis sibi providens+, 'without sufficient forethought.'
+
++inmisit+ used absolutely, _i.e._ without an object; this, if expressed,
+would be '_equum_,' 'spurred it forward against.'
+
+11. +moribundus+. The termination _bundus_, or _cundus_, denotes
+fulness, e.g. _vagabundus_, 'wandering'; _iracundus_, 'wrathful.' Cf.
+_L. Primer_, p.�58, � 70 E.
+
+12. +e mediis hostibus+, 'from the midst of the enemy.' In many phrases
+the adj. is used in Latin where in English we use a subst. with another
+subst. depending on it, and _vice versa_: e.g. _summus mons_, 'the top
+of the mountain'; but _animi dolor_, 'mental pain'; cf. v.�3, _sol
+oriens_.
+
+14. +domini iam superstitis securus+, 'relieved from anxiety for its
+master, now safe.' For the genitive _domini_ after _securus_, cf.
+_s[-e]c[-u]r[)a] f[)u]t[-u]ri_, Ovid; _s[-e]c[-u]rus p[)e]l[)a]gi atque
+mei_, Verg.
+
+
+VII.
+
+1. +Alcibiades+. Cf. iv. 4. note.
+
++Pericles+ was a great Athenian statesman. He was born about 490 B.C.
+(the year of the battle of Marathon), and first took part in public
+affairs in 469, when Athens was beginning to develop rapidly after the
+Persian wars. From this time till his death in 429 he was the recognised
+leader of the democratic party. Under his guidance Athens became the
+most powerful state and the most beautiful city in Greece.
+
++[)a]vunc[)u]lus+ (deminutive of _[)a]vus_, a�grandfather) is an uncle
+on the mother's side--a mother's brother; _p[)a]truus_ (_p[)-a]ter_), an
+uncle on the father's side--a father's brother.
+
+3. +puerum docendum curavit+, 'had the boy educated.' This use of the
+gerundive in a final sense, as '+an oblique predicate+' with the direct
+object of certain transitive verbs, e.g. _curo_, _do_, _suscipio_, etc.,
+is common in Latin writers, especially Caesar. Cf. _pontem faciendum
+curavit_, 'he had a bridge made'; _agros eis habitandos dedit_, 'he gave
+them lands to dwell in'; _me dandum ad bestias curavit_ (xxx.), 'he had
+me given to the wild beasts.' Cf. Note xiii.�1. iv., on the Gerundive.
+
+4. +canere tibiis+, 'to play on the pipes.' Both Greeks and Romans
+usually played on a double pipe, composed of two instruments not unlike
+flageolets, joined at the mouth-piece, and spreading out in the form of
+a V; hence the plural _tibiae_. _Tibia_ means originally the shin bone,
+and then a musical instrument, pipes or flutes being at first made of
+bone.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+1. +C. Fabricius+ Lusc[-i]nus was one of the most popular heroes in
+Roman history. He was regarded as the type of the old-fashioned honest
+warrior, who was proof against the luxury and corruption of the rising
+generation. In his first consulship, 282 B.C., he defeated the
+Lucanians, Bruttians, and Samnites; in 280-278 B.C. he served with
+distinction against Pyrrus (cf. xxvii.).
+
+The +Samnites+ were a powerful people living to the east of Rome. The
+Romans first came into contact with them in 343 B.C.; for 50 years there
+was war between the two nations; at last the Samnites were conquered,
+but they still maintained their love of freedom, and once more proved
+formidable opponents to Rome in the Social War, 90 B.C.
+
+2. +memoratis ... rebus+, abl. absolute, 'after mentioning the many
+great services which he had rendered (_rebus quae bene fecisset_) to the
+Samnites after the restoration of peace....'
+
+3. +post redditam pacem+. _Pax reddita_, 'the restoration of peace.' Cf.
+_sol oriens_, 'the rising of the sun,' v.�3. note.
+
+4. +dono+, as a gift, the predicative dative, or dative of purpose used
+as a complement. Cf. Hor. _exitio est avidum mare nautis_, 'the greedy
+sea is [as] a�destruction to sailors.'
+
+11. +qu�+, abl. after _usus_, 'for which I have no use.'
+
+
+IX.
+
+1. +Hannibal+, the famous general of the Carthaginians in the second
+Punic war, was born in 247 B.C. In 218 he began his march from Spain
+into Italy, crossed the Alps, and defeated the Romans in N. Italy on the
+Ticinus and the Trebia; then followed the great victories at Lake
+Trasimenus, 217, and Cannae, 216. In 203 Hannibal was compelled to
+return to Africa to oppose Scipio, who had defeated the Carthaginian
+troops and their ally Syphax. A�decisive battle was fought at Zama,
+October 19th, 202, in which Scipio gained a great victory over Hannibal.
+In the following year peace was made. Hannibal now set to work to
+prepare Carthage for a fresh struggle, but his political enemies
+denounced his designs to the Romans, and he was compelled in 193 B.C. to
+take refuge at the court of +Antiochus+ the Great, King of Syria, who
+was on the eve of war with Rome. On the defeat of Antiochus the
+surrender of Hannibal was made one of the conditions of peace; but he
+fled to Prusias, King of Bithynia, 188 B.C. The Romans still pursued
+him, and sent messengers to Prusias demanding his surrender. Fearing
+that Prusias would be unable to resist this demand, and not knowing
+whither to flee to escape the vengeance of his enemies, he took poison,
+183 B.C.
+
+2. +ingentis+. The acc. pl. of _-i_ nouns of the 3rd decl. varies in the
+mss. between _-[-i]s_, _-eis_, and _[-e]s_. All three forms seem to have
+been used till the Augustan age, after which period the form in _-es_
+prevailed. A�nom. pl. also in _-is_ and _-eis_ is found sometimes in the
+mss. of Plautus and Lucretius and in old inscriptions.
+
++populo Romano+, dat. of the 'Remoter Object' after _facturus_, the
+'nearer object' being _bellum_.
+
+4. +currus cum falcibus+. The wheels of these chariots were armed with
+projecting scythes or hooks, which kept the enemy at a distance, or cut
+them down, as the charioteers drove at full speed through their ranks.
+These war chariots were in use among the Assyrians, Persians, Medes, and
+Syrians in Asia, and in Europe among the Gauls and Britons. Some have
+supposed that these are the 'chariots of iron' referred to in the books
+of Joshua and Judges; but Xenophon (_Cyrop._, vi. i.�30) says that
+'scythe chariots' were not introduced into Asia Minor till the time of
+Cyrus.
+
+5. +elephantos cum turribus+, small turrets placed on the backs of the
+elephants, and carrying a few soldiers.
+
+6. +frenis+. The bits were sometimes made of silver and gold, and the
+bridles decorated with jewels, etc.
+
++ephippiis+. The saddles in use among Eastern nations, the Greeks and
+the Romans, consisted sometimes of a mere skin or cloth, sometimes of a
+wooden frame, upon which padded cloth, etc., was stretched; from either
+side cloths hung down, often dyed with bright colours, and decorated
+with fringes, etc.
+
++monilibus+, necklets used as ornaments for horses, as well as for men
+and women.
+
++phaleris+, bosses of metal attached as ornaments to the harness of
+horses and the armour of men. They were sometimes hung as pendants to
+the horse's saddle, and jangled loudly as it charged forward against the
+enemy. For these military ornaments cf. the well-known passage in
+Verg.,_ Aen._ vii.�276--
+
+  _Omnibus extemplo Teucris jubet ordine duci_
+  _Instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis;_
+  _Aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent;_
+  _Tecti auro, fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum._
+
+7. +putasne+. Cf. ii. 5. note.
+
+8. +Poenus+ (_Poen[)i]cus_ or _P[-u]n[)i]cus_), properly Phoenician, but
+applied by Roman writers especially to the inhabitants of Carthage,
+which was founded about 850 B.C. by Phoenician colonists, who came
+probably from Tyre.
+
+
+X.
+
+1. +Milo+ was the most famous wrestler in Greece; he was six times
+victor in wrestling at the Olympic games and seven times at the Pythian
+games. Many stories are told about his great strength: he is said to
+have carried a heifer four years old on his shoulders through the
+stadium (or race course, a�distance of about 40 yards), to have then
+killed it with a blow of his fist, and eaten the whole of it the same
+day. He was a pupil of the great philosopher Pythagoras, at Crotona. One
+day the pillar on which the roof of the school rested suddenly gave way,
+but Milo supported the whole weight of the building, and gave the
+philosopher and his disciples time to escape.
+
++Crotona+ was a Greek city on the S.E. coast of Italy, founded 740 B.C.
+by the Achaeans. It became the most important city in S. Italy, owing to
+its trade with the E. Mediterranean. It attained its greatest power in
+510 by the defeat of its neighbour and rival Sybaris: on this occasion
+Milo commanded the army of Crotona.
+
++Crotoniensis+. Note the use of the adj. where we employ a subst. and
+prep., 'Milo of Crotona'; so _pugna Cannensis_ (xl.�1.), 'the Battle of
+Cannae,' etc.
+
+3. +artem athleticam desisset+, 'had given up athletics.' The acc. after
+_desino_ is rare, and chiefly poetical; but Cicero (_Fam._ vii.�1.�4)
+uses _artem desinere_.
+
+5. +rimis in parte medi� hiantem+, lit. 'gaping open with cracks in the
+middle.'
+
+6. +an ullae ... adessent+. _Adessent_ is the subj. after the dependent
+interrogative word _an_; the construction is called the Indirect or
+Dependent Question, _Interrogatio Obliqua_. Thus 'who are you?' is
+'_quis es?_' but 'I ask you who you are' is '_interrogo quis sis_.'
+
++ullae+. _Quisquam_ (pronoun) and _ullus_ (adjective) are used for 'any'
+in comparative and negative sentences, in questions expecting the answer
+No, and in hypothetical sentences.
+
+11. +rediit in naturam+, 'returned to its natural (_i.e._ former)
+position.'
+
+12. +feris+, dat. after _praebuit_, 'gave the man to the beasts to tear
+to pieces.' For this use of the gerundive cf. xiii.�1. note.
+
+
+XI.
+
+1. +Romae+, 'at Rome,' the locative case. This case, which had almost
+died out in classical Latin, originally ended in _-i_ for the singular
+and _-s_ for the plural. In some forms it still survived, viz., (1)�in
+such words as _militiae_ (earlier _militiai_), _belli_, 'in the field,'
+'at the war'; _domi_, at home; _humi_, 'on the ground'; _vesperi_ (or
+_-e_), 'in the evening'; _ruri_, 'in the country'; _luci_, 'in the
+light'; and the adverbs _ubi_, 'in which place'; _ibi_, 'in that place,'
+etc.; (2)�in the names of towns--_Romae_ (earlier _Romai_), 'at Rome';
+_Tarenti_, 'at Tarentum'; _Carthagini_ (or _Carthagine_), 'at Carthage,'
+etc.; (3)�in such phrases as _animi angor_, 'I am vexed in mind';
+_maturus aevi_, 'advanced in age,' etc.
+
++Curiam+. The word Curia is connected with C[)u]res, the chief town of
+the Sabines, and Qu[)i]r[-i]tes (or C[)u]r[-i]tes), the inhabitants of
+C[)u]res. It originally denoted one of the 30 divisions into which the
+Romans and Sabines were divided when they united in one community. The
+word was then applied to the building used for the religious service of
+a Curia, and afterwards especially to the building in which the Senate
+met.
+
+2. +praetextatis+, _i.e._ wearing the _toga praetexta_, a�white toga
+with a broad purple border, worn under the Republic by the higher
+magistrates, by persons engaged in paying vows, and by free-born
+children. It is said to have been adopted from the Etruscans, and made
+the royal robe by Tullus Hostilius; and to have been worn with the
+_bulla_ by boys after the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, whose son at the
+age of fourteen slew an enemy with his own hand in the Sabine war, and
+was allowed as a reward to wear the royal robe.
+
++maior+, more important than usual.
+
+4. +placuitque ut eam rem ne quis...+. 'It was resolved that no one
+should mention the matter until a decision had been arrived at' (lit.
+until it had been decreed).
+
++ut ... ne quis+, or _ne quis_, 'that no one,' is always used in a final
+sentence instead of _ut nemo_; so _ne quid_, _ne ullus_, and _ne
+unquam_, instead of _ut nihil_, _ut nullus_, _ut nunquam_. The
+indefinite pronoun _quis_ is, as a rule, used for 'any' or 'some' in
+relative sentences, and after _si_, _nisi_, _num_, _ne_, and _cum_; but
+_aliquis_ is sometimes found after _si_, more rarely after _ne_.
+
+5. +decreta esset+. The subj. is required, because this is a dependent
+sentence forming part of the _Oratio Obliqua_ after _placuit_.
+
+7. +egissent+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _quidnam_. Cf.
+x.�6. note. For the same reason _videretur_, line 11, is in subj.
+
+9. +lepidi mendacii consilium capit+, 'bethought himself of an amusing
+falsehood.'
+
+10. +utrum ... unusne ... an...+. The _-ne_ is 'pleonastic,' _i.e._ more
+than is required, for the sentence would be complete without it--_utrum
+videretur utilius ut unus ... an (videretur utilius) ut una...._ This
+idiom is chiefly ante-classical (found often in Plautus), but Cicero
+uses it, '_est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre
+ferendum ... an ..._' (Cic. _Tusc._ iv.�27, 59). Translate 'He said the
+Senate had discussed whether it seemed more useful and advantageous to
+the State that one man should have two wives, or that one woman should
+be married to two men.'
+
+
+XII.
+
+3. +matrum familias+, gen. plur. of _mater familias_. When _familia_ is
+compounded with _pater_, _mater_, _filius_, and _filia_, the old gen.
+sing. _famili_+as+ is usually found, but _familiae_ also is frequently
+used by Cicero and other writers, by Livy always. In Sallust and later
+writers even _patres familiarum_ is found.
+
+4. +una potius ... duae+. The order is _ut una (uxor) nupta fieret
+duobus viris potius quam ut duae (uxores nuptae fierent) uni (viro)_.
+
+6. +esset, vellet+, subj. after the dept. interrogatives _quae_ and
+_quid_; so +institisset+ and +dixisset+. Cf. x.�6. note.
+
++quid sibi postulatio istaec vellet+, 'what that demand of theirs
+meant.' _Quid sibi res vult_, 'what does the thing mean?' lit. 'what
+does it wish for itself?' 'what is its object or drift?' so _quid tibi
+vis_, 'what do you mean, or want?' and, more rarely, _quid mihi volo_,
+'what do I mean, or want?'
+
+
+XIII.
+
+1. +Sertorius+ was a Roman general, who first distinguished himself in
+Gaul. On the outbreak of civil war in 88 B.C. between Marius and Sulla
+he joined the former. At first the Sullan party were victorious, but
+when their leader went to the East to fight against Mitridates they were
+defeated, and from 87-82 the Marian party were supreme. In 83 (or,
+according to another writer, 82) Sertorius was sent to Spain as governor
+in the Marian interest. Finding himself unable to hold his ground
+against the Sullan generals, he crossed to Africa, and gained various
+successes there. The Lusitani, who inhabited the western part of the
+Spanish peninsula, then invited him to become their leader against the
+Romans. He returned with a small force of 2,600 men, one third of whom
+were Libyans, and then by his extraordinary influence over the natives,
+and his great powers of organisation, succeeded in forming an army which
+for years set at defiance every effort made by the generals of the
+Sullan party, which was now in the ascendant. In 76 Pompeius was sent to
+Spain with a large army to reinforce the Sullan generals, but for five
+years more Sertorius held his ground. At last, in 72 B.C., he was
+assassinated by Perperna and other of his own Roman officers, who were
+jealous of his power.
+
++et utendi et regendi exercitus+, the gerundial attraction. When an
+object is expressed after a gerund, the construction called the
+gerundial, or +gerundival attraction+ is preferred. In this construction
+the object is attracted (if it differs) into the case of the gerund, and
+the gerund, taking adjectival inflections (and then called the
+gerundive), is made to agree adjectivally with the object in number and
+gender.
+
+Examples:--
+
+  _a._ The Acc., _praemisit milites ad Gallos insequendos_, 'he sent
+  the soldiers forward to pursue the Gauls.'
+
+  _b._ The Gen., _caus� urbis delendae_, 'for the sake of destroying
+  the city.'
+
+  _c._ The Dat., _bello gerendo me praefecistis_, 'you placed me in
+  command of the management of the war.'
+
+  _d._ The Abl., _in vestigiis persequendis operam consumpsi_,
+  'I spent labour in following their tracks.'
+
+The Gerundival Attraction is of course only used with transitive verbs
+which govern a direct object in the acc. case. The words _fungor_,
+_fruor_, _utor_, _vescor_, _potior_ are exceptions; they are used both
+in this construction and in the constructions explained in ii. and iii.
+below, because they were originally transitive, and governed an acc.
+
+The +gerunds+ and +gerundives+ are the substantival and adjectival forms
+respectively of a participle in _-ndus_. Under the gerund are included
+the substantival forms in _-ndum, -ndi, -ndo_; under the gerundive the
+full adjectival declension in _-ndus, a, um_, etc.
+
++The uses of the gerund and gerundive+ may be divided under four
+headings.
+
+i. By its oblique cases the gerund (and the gerundive in the
+construction mentioned above--the 'gerundival attraction') completes the
+active infinite verb noun, which is only used in the nom. and acc., e.g.
+_haec ad iudicandum sunt facillima_, 'these matters are very easy to
+decide'; _amor agendi, canendi_, etc., 'love of acting, singing,' etc.;
+_caus� agendi_, 'for the sake of acting'; _aqua utilis bibendo_, 'water
+useful for drinking'; _mens alitur discendo_, 'the mind is nourished by
+learning.'
+
+ii. The nom. (and in _oratio obliqua_ the acc.) of the gerund is used
+intransitively with parts of the verb _sum_ (_est_, _erat_, _fuit_,
+_esse_, etc.), as an impersonal verb to denote necessity, duty, or
+suitability, e.g. _nunc est bibendum_, 'now it is right to drink',
+_eundum est_, 'there is a necessity to go'; _parendum est legibus_, 'it
+is necessary to be obedient to the laws.' The person on whom the duty
+falls is expressed by the dat. case, the 'Dative of the Agent,' except
+after verbs which govern a dative; after these, to avoid ambiguity, the
+agent is expressed by _a_ or _ab_ with the abl., e.g. _eundum est mihi_,
+'I must go,' but _parendum est ei a te_, 'you must obey him'.
+
+iii. The gerundive is used (1) personally as a verb, usually with a
+passive signification, e.g. _aqua bibenda est_, 'water ought to be
+drunk'; (2)�as a mere epithet, e.g. _ridenda poemata_, 'poems to be
+laughed�at.'
+
+iv. The acc. of the gerundive is used in a final sense as an oblique
+predicate, or complement, agreeing with the direct object of certain
+transitive verbs--_curo_, _do_, _suscipio_, _habeo_, etc., e.g. _Caesar
+pontem faciendum curavit_, 'Caesar had a bridge made'; _agros eis
+habitandos dedit_, 'he gave them the lands to dwell in.' Cf. vii. 3.
+note.
+
+8. +usui+, predicative dative or dat. of purpose. Cf. _dono_, viii.�4.
+note.
+
++memoria+, etc. The order is _memoria prodita est neminem ex his
+nationibus, quae cum S. faciebant_ ('who served with Sertorius'), _cum
+multis proeliis superatus esset_ ('although he had been defeated in many
+battles'), _unquam ab eo descivisse_.
+
+
+9. _neminem._ The gen. of this word, _neminis_, is only found in writers
+before Cicero, the abl. _nemine_ in late writers (_e.g._ Tacitus and
+Suetonius), and once in Plautus; the plural is not used. Hence we have
+
+  Nom.,  _nemo_,              _nulli_, etc.
+  Acc.,  _neminem_,           _nullos_, etc.
+  Gen.,  _nullius_,           _nullorum_, etc.
+  Dat.,  _nemini_,            _nullis_.
+  Abl.,  _nullo_ or _null�_,  _nullis_.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+1. +alba+. _Albus_ is a dull white as opposed to _ater_, dull black;
+_candidus_, shining white, opposed to _niger_, shining black.
+
++eximiae pulchritudinis et celeritatis+, genitives of quality.
+
+2. +dono+, predicative dat., or dat. of purpose. Cf. _dono_, viii.�4.
+note.
+
+5. +factu+, the supine in _-u_, used as an abl. of respect. Cf. _foedum
+dictu est_, 'it is horrible to state' (lit. 'in the saying'), and
+xxiv.�2, _utilia monitu suasuque_.
+
++quid+, the indef. pron.; so _cui_, line 13. For its use after _si_ cf.
+xi.�4. note.
+
+7. +dixerat+, indic. after _cum_ in a frequentative sense, 'whenever he
+had said that.' Cf. vi.�8. note.
+
+10. +in fugam se proripuit+, 'took to hasty flight.'
+
+18. +consuerat+, indic., because it is not part of what Sertorius said,
+but a statement made by the author.
+
++quod opus esset facto+, 'what had to be done.' _Facto_ is the abl. of
+the perf. part. pass.; for this use cf. _maturato, properato opus est_,
+'there is need of haste'; and the similar construction with the abl. of
+the supine, _dictu opus est_ (Terence), 'it is necessary to speak';
+_quod scitu opus est_ (Cicero), 'what has to be known.'
+
+
+XV.
+
+
++Tarquinius Superbus+, according to tradition, was the seventh and last
+of the Roman kings (535-510 B.C.), the others being Romulus, Numa
+Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius
+Tullius.
+
+1. +Libris Sibyllinis+. Little is known about the famous Sibylline
+books. They were probably derived from Cumae in Campania, the seat of a
+celebrated oracle. At Rome they were kept in a stone chest (_sacrarium_)
+beneath the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, under the charge of certain
+officers (_quindecimviri_), and consulted only by the special command of
+the Senate. In 82 B.C. this temple was burnt and the books destroyed.
+A�fresh collection of oracles was made by ambassadors sent to the chief
+cities of Italy, Greece, and Asia Minor. When the temple was rebuilt
+these were deposited in the same place, but many spurious prophetic
+books, purporting to be Sibylline oracles, seem to have got into
+circulation at Rome, and several revisions of the books were ordered
+from time to time. Christian writers frequently appeal to the Sibylline
+oracles as containing prophecies of the Messiah.
+
+2. +hospita+, feminine form of _hospes_. Cf. _antistes_ and _sacerdos_,
+priest, _antistita_ and _sacerdota_ (in inscriptions), priestess,
+_sospes_ and _sospita_, saviour, etc.
+
+4. +eos velle vendere+, '(she said) that she wished to sell them.'
+
+6. +nimium atque inmensum+, 300 pieces of gold, according to one form of
+the legend.
+
++quasi ... desiperet+. _Quasi_, 'as if,' introducing a statement which
+is not a fact, naturally governs the subj., 'as if she were mad' (but
+she was not). In sentences of comparison introduced by such conjunctions
+as _tanquam_, _ceu_, _quasi_, _velut_, etc., the subj. is usually found,
+because the statement is usually not true; but when the statement is a
+fact the indic. is employed, e.g. _Fuit olim, quasi nunc ego sum, senex_
+(Plautus). Frequently _quasi_, etc., are used, not as conjunctions
+introducing the sentence, but adverbially with a single word; in such
+cases they do not affect the mood, e.g. _servis respublica et quasi
+civitas domus est_ (_Pl. Ep._ viii.�16), 'to slaves their home is a
+state, and, as it were, a�city.' Cf. xviii.�5, _quasi consultans cum
+Jove_.
+
+7. +foculum+. _F[)o]c[)u]lus_, deminutiveof _f[)o]cus_ (a�hearth). Cf.
+_r[)i]v[)u]lus_, a�rivulet, and _rivus_, a�river.
+
+9. +vellet+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _ecquid_. Cf. x.�6.
+note.
+
+10. +sed enim+, 'but indeed.' Cf. the use of #all� g�r# in Greek.
+
+14. +ore ... fit+, 'now becomes serious and more attentive' (lit. 'of a
+serious countenance and more attentive mind'). _Ore_ and _animo_ are
+ablatives of quality.
+
+19. +nusquam loci+, 'nowhere in the world.' The genitives _loci_,
+_locorum_, _gentium_ and _terrarum_ are frequently used with adverbs of
+place--_ubi_, _quo_, _unde_, _usquam_, _nusquam_, etc., e.g. _ubi
+terrarum sumus_ (Cic.), 'where on earth are�we?'
+
+
+XVI.
+
+1. +Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Maior+ was born in 234 B.C. He is
+first mentioned in 218 B.C. at the battle of the Ticinus (cf. ix.�1.
+note), in which he is said to have saved the life of his father P.
+Scipio. He fought at Cannae, 216, and was chosen with App. Claudius to
+command the remains of the Roman army after that great disaster. In 212
+he was unanimously elected aedile. When the tribunes objected to the
+election, because he was under the legal age, he replied, 'If all the
+Quirites wish to make me aedile, I�am old enough.' In 210, at the age of
+twenty-four, he was appointed to command the army in Spain, having come
+forward as a candidate for the post which all the old generals feared to
+accept. By 207 he had conquered almost the whole of that country from
+the Carthaginians. In 205 he was elected consul. He was anxious to cross
+over to Africa and end the war by a blow at Carthage itself, but the
+Senate, partly from jealousy, partly from timidity, opposed his plans
+and would only grant him the province of Sicily, with power to cross
+over to Africa if he thought it in the interests of the State; but this
+permission they endeavoured to render useless by refusing him an army.
+Volunteers however flocked from every part of Italy to his standard, and
+in 204 he was able to land in Africa with a large force. In 203 he
+defeated Hasdrubal and his ally Syphax, and in 202 brought the second
+Punic war to an end by a great victory at Zama over Hannibal, who had
+been recalled from Italy. In 201 peace was made, and Scipio, returning
+to Rome, received the agnomen Africanus, and was overwhelmed with every
+mark of honour. In 190 he served as legate under his brother, +Lucius
+Scipio Asiaticus+, in the war against Antiochus (cf. ix. and xvii.) On
+their return the accusations mentioned in xvi. and xvii. were made
+against the brothers. In 185 Scipio retired into private life, and died
+soon afterwards, probably in 183.
+
+1. +tribunus plebis+. The tribuni plebis were appointed in 494, after
+the secession to Mons Sacer, to protect the plebeians against the
+patrician magistrates. At first they were two in number, afterwards they
+were increased to ten.
+
+3. +ut condicionibus+, etc., 'that peace might be made with him (_i.e._
+Antiochus) on favourable conditions in the name of the Roman people.'
+
+7. +diem esse hodiernum+, 'that this is the day on which ...' (lit.
+'that it is to-day on which ...').
+
+9. +proelio+. The battle of Zama, Oct. 19th, 202 B.C.
+
+11. +simus+, 'let us not be ungrateful therefore to the gods....'
+
+12. +censeo+, used parenthetically, 'I propose.' Cf. _quaeso_, ii.�4.
+
+13. +gratulatum+, the supine in _-um_, used to express purpose after the
+verb of motion, _eamus_.
+
+17. +aedes+, in sing., a 'temple' (a�single room), in the plur., a
+'house' (a�collection of rooms). As distinguished from _templum_,
+_aedes_ is a simple building without division into rooms; _templum_ is a
+large edifice consisting of many rooms, consecrated by the augurs, and
+belonging often to several deities.
+
+18. +sollemni+. _Sollemnis_, from _sollus_ (cf. #holos#, _salvus_),
+whole; prop. taking place every year, 'established,' especially of
+festivals; then, with the religious force predominating, 'religious,'
+'festive,' 'solemn.'
+
+
+XVII.
+
+2. +M. Porcius Cato+, known as the Censor (234-149), first distinguished
+himself in the second Punic war; in 204-3 he served as Quaestor to
+Scipio Africanus in Sicily and Africa. From this time forward he became
+the declared enemy of the Scipios and their friends, who were
+introducing, he said, into Rome the luxury and refinement of degenerate
+Greece and ruining the simple and honest Roman character. He served with
+distinction in Spain, 195-4, and against Antiochus, 191. In 184 he was
+censor, and applied himself strenuously, but in vain, to stem the tide
+of Greek luxury. He was one of the ambassadors sent to Africa to
+arbitrate between Masinissa and the Carthaginians, and was so struck by
+the flourishing condition of Carthage, that on his return he insisted
+that, whilst that city existed, Rome would never be safe. Whenever he
+was called upon for his vote in the Senate, whatever the subject before
+the house was, he always concluded his remarks by 'And I further am of
+opinion that Carthage must be destroyed (_delendam esse Carthaginem_).'
+The third Punic war, which broke out soon after his death, was largely
+due to his influence.
+
+5. +L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus+ served under his brother Africanus in
+Spain, and in 190 defeated Antiochus at Mount Sipylus. Cf. xvi.�1.
+
+3. +comparati in eum+. _Comparare hominem in aliquem_ is the regular
+phrase for procuring a man to attack another. 'Having been set upon
+him....'
+
+4. +pecuniae ... rationem redderet+, 'to give an account of the money
+paid by Antiochus, and the spoil....'
+
+9. +allatum+, i.e. _dixit librum allatum esse_, 'he said that it had
+been brought.'
+
+10. +aerarium+, the public treasury at Rome, in which, besides the State
+treasure, the standards of the legions and copies of all decrees of the
+Senate were kept. After the expulsion of the kings the Temple of Saturn,
+at the head of the Forum, was used for this purpose.
+
+10. +sed enim+, 'but indeed.' Cf. xv.�10.
+
+11. +nec me ipse afficiam contumeli�+, 'nor will I insult myself with my
+own lips (_ipse_).'
+
+12. +coram+, 'before their eyes.'
+
+13. +quod cui+. The order is _quod ab eo ratio praedae posceretur, cui
+salus ... deberet_, 'indignant that an account of the booty was demanded
+from a man, to whom the safety of the State and constitution ought to be
+ascribed.'
+
+_Acceptum aliquid referre alicui_, lit. 'to put down a thing as received
+to a man's account,' 'to credit him with it'; a�metaphor from banking.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+2. +Scipio Africanus+ "was unquestionably one of the greatest men of
+Rome, and he acquired at an early age the confidence and admiration of
+his countrymen. His enthusiastic mind led him to believe that he was a
+special favourite of the gods; and he never engaged in any public or
+private business without first going to the Capitol, where he sat some
+time alone, enjoying communication from the gods. For all he proposed or
+executed he alleged the divine approval; and the Roman people gave
+credit to his assertions, and regarded him as a being almost superior to
+the common race of men. There can be no doubt that Scipio believed
+himself in the divine revelations, which he asserted to have been
+vouchsafed to him, and the extraordinary success which attended all his
+enterprises must have deepened this belief."--Smith's _Classical
+Dictionary_.
+
+3. +noctis extremo+, 'at the end of night.' The neuter _extremum_ is
+used as a substantive, meaning 'the end.' Cf. _extremo anni_, Livy,
+xxxv.�11. 1; _sub extremum noctis_, Sil. 4.�88.
+
+4. +ventitare+. _Ventito_ is the frequentative form of _venio_.
+Frequentative or iterative verbs denote repeated action: they are of the
+first conjugation, and formed by adding _-to_, _-so_, _-ito_, or _-itor_
+to the supine stem, or, more rarely, to the clipt stem, as _can-to_,
+'I�sing often'; _cur-so_, 'I run often'; _rog-ito_, 'I ask often';
+_min-itor_, 'I threaten often'; _haes-ito_, 'I stick fast.' Sometimes
+one frequentative verb is formed from another, as _cant-ito_ from
+_canto_.
+
++ac iubere ... Iovis+, 'and to order the temple of Jupiter to be
+opened.'
+
+5. +quasi consultans+. Cf. xv.�6. note.
+
+7. +id temporis+. For this 'genitive of the thing measured,' depending
+on a neuter pronoun, expressing quantity, hence often called the
+'partitive genitive,' cf. _aliquid veri, falsi_; _id aetatis_; _nihil
+reliqui facere_, 'to leave nothing undone' (Caes.); _quantum mercedis_
+(xxxii.�17.); _si quid remedii_ (xxxiv.�8.), and such phrases as _navium
+quod ubique fuerat in unum locum coegerant_ (Caes.). _Id_ in this phrase
+is in the accusative. Similar adverbial accusatives are--_hoc noctis_,
+_magnam partem_, _suam vicem_, _multum_, etc. The use of the acc. has
+arisen from an extended use of the cognate acc. after intransitive verbs
+(e.g. _servire servitatem_, _dormire noctem_, _dolere aliquid_, etc.).
+
++quod in eum solum ... incurrerent+, the order is _aeditumi ...
+admirati, quod canes, semper in alios saevientes, neque latrarent neque
+incurrerent in eum solum id temporis in Capitolium ingredientem_,
+'because he was the only man who entered the temple at that time, at
+whom the dogs, that always attacked others, did not bark and fly.'
+
+14. +re cibaria copiosum+, 'well supplied with provisions.'
+
+15. +eius potiundi+. Gerundival attraction, cf. xiii.�1. note.
+
+16. +ius dicebat+, 'he was administering justice,' the technical term.
+
+18. +in iure stare+, or _esse_, 'to stand,' 'present oneself before a
+magistrate'; _in ius ire_, 'to go before a magistrate.'
+
+19. +vadimonium promittere+, to promise or give security (bail) for a
+man's appearance, 'for what day and what place' (_i.e._ for his
+appearance on what day and place) 'he would order security to be given.'
+
++iuberet+, subj. after the dependent interrog. _quem_. Cf. x.�6. note.
+
+21. +sese+, object. of _sistere_, 'ordered him to present himself on the
+third day in yonder place.'
+
+22. +atque ita factum+, 'and so it happened.'
+
++vadari+. _Vador aliquem_ = 'I bind a man over by bail': the object. of
+_vadari_ here is _militem_; "on the third day, on which he had ordered
+(them) to bind (the man) over to appear."
+
+
+XIX.
+
+1. +capite+. _Caput_ denotes the legal status of a citizen: he lost it
+"as much if he were struck off the roll of citizens as if his head were
+struck off his shoulders" (Wilkins, _R. Lit. Primer_). "I�and two others
+were trying a friend on a capital charge."
+
+4. +ad casum ... medendum+, 'to remedy so perilous a mischance.'
+
+6. +ad condemnandum+, sc. _hominem_, 'I gave my vote in silence for
+condemning the man.'
+
+
+XX.
+
+1. +Favorinus+ was a native of Arles, in Gaul; he was a famous
+philosopher, and resided at different periods of his life in Rome,
+Greece, and Asia Minor (about 110-130 A.D.).
+
+3. +Curius+. M' Curius Dentatus, consul in 290, 275, and 274 B.C.,
+distinguished himself in the Samnite wars. He was a favourite hero of
+the Romans, and celebrated as a type of the old-fashioned virtue and
+frugality. The Samnites, it is said, once sent an embassy to him with
+costly gifts. The messengers found the great general sitting by his
+hearth, and roasting turnips. They proffered their gifts, but he
+rejected them, saying that he would rather rule over those who possessed
+gold than possess it himself.
+
+4. +Fabricius+. Cf. viii. 1. note.
+
++Coruncanius+, consul 260 B.C., fought with success against the
+Etruscans and against Pyrrus (cf. xxvii.�1. note); he was also a
+distinguished lawyer, and the first plebeian who became Pontifex
+Maximus.
+
+5. +his+, abl. after the comparative _antiquiores_.
+
++antiquus+, 'former,' 'ancient,' is used of what has existed in past
+time as opposed to _novus_, what has not previously existed, new.
+_Vetus_ denotes what has existed for a long time, old, aged, opposed to
+_r[)e]cens_, what has not existed for long, recent.
+
++Horatii+. The three brothers of the Horatian gens, who, according to
+the legend, in the reign of Tullus Hostilius, fought against the
+Curiatii, three brothers from Alba, to determine whether Rome or Alba
+was to exercise the supremacy.
+
+6. +Auruncorum+, etc., genitives depending of _verbis_, 'used the
+language of the Aurunci,' etc. The Aurunci, Sicani, and Pelasgi were old
+Italian races.
+
+9. +quasi loquare+. Cf. xv. 6. note, '_quasi desiperet_.'
+
++Euandri+. The legend says that Euander, son of Hermes and an Arcadian
+nymph, about 60 years before the Trojan war, led a Pelasgian colony from
+Arcadia in Greece to Italy, and built the town of Pallantium at the foot
+of the Palatine hill. Vergil represents Euander as still alive when
+Aeneas came to Italy. (_Aeneid_, viii.�51.)
+
+10. +abhinc multis annis+, 'many years ago.' To express 'how long ago,'
+_abhinc_ and _ante_ are used with either abl. or acc. case. Cf. _abhinc
+triennium huc commigravit_, 'she came hither three years ago' (Ter.
+_An._ i.�70).
+
+11. +quae dicas+, 'anything that you say.' The subj. (a�consecutive
+subjunctive) after the relative marks the statement as indefinite; _quae
+dicis_ would mean the particular words which you are actually using.
+
+14. +sit+, subjunctive, because a dependent sentence in the _oratio
+obliqua_ after _ais_.
+
+16. +C. Julius Caesar+, the Dictator, 100-44 B.C. This quotation is from
+his lost work _De Analogia_, written, it is said, when he was crossing
+the Alps.
+
+18. +ut tamquam+, 'that you should avoid a rare word, as (you would
+avoid) a�rock.'
+
+
+XXI.
+
+1. +T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus+ was another of the favourite heroes
+of Roman history. His exploit here mentioned happened in 361. In 353 and
+again in 349 he was Dictator; in 347, 344, and 340, Consul. In this last
+year Torquatus and P. Decius Mus gained a great victory over the Latins
+near Mt. Vesuvius, and established the Roman supremacy in Latium. It was
+shortly before this battle that the disobedient act of his son occurred,
+mentioned at the end of xxii.
+
+3. +torquis+, a 'twisted neck chain,' as opposed to _monile_ (cf.
+ix.�6), which was made of beads, stones, etc., strung together.
+
++ex hoste detractam induit+, 'he had taken from an enemy, and put on
+himself.' A�participle and verb are frequently used in Latin where in
+English two verbs are employed, e.g. _scripsit se profectum celeriter
+adfore_, 'he wrote (to say) that he had set out and would soon arrive.'
+
+4. +fuerit+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _quis_. Cf. x.�6.
+note.
+
+6. +cum ... processit+, etc. The indicative is used in past time after
+_cum_, when the conjunction is purely temporal, and equivalent to _et
+tum_. Cf. vi.�8 note.
+
+7. +nudus+, 'unarmed.' _Nudus_ is used in many senses besides its usual
+one of 'unclothed,' 'naked': _e.g._ 'without a _toga_,' _i.e._ 'in a
+tunic only,' _nudus ara, sere nudus_ (Verg. _G._ i.�299); 'uncovered by
+turf,' _silex nuda_ (Verg. _E._ i.�15); 'leafless,' _nudum nemus_;
+'without a garrison,' _urbs nuda praesidio_ (Cic. _Att._ vii.�13-1);
+'destitute,' _nuda senectus_ (Juv.); 'unadorned,' _nuda oratio_ (Cic.),
+etc.
+
+12. +si quis ... vellet, uti prodiret+, 'that if any one was willing to
+fight him, he should step forward.' The tenses are historic, because
+_conclamant_ is the historical present, and therefore equivalent to a
+past tense. Primary tenses are sometimes used after a historic present,
+but historic tenses are more common.
+
+17. +scuto pedestri+. The _scutum_ was an oblong or oval shield (4�ft.
+by 2� ft., Polybius), made of wood or wickerwork. It was borrowed from
+the Sabines and made the shield of the whole Roman army, superseding the
+large circular _clipeus_, when the Roman soldiers first began to receive
+pay, and to form a permanent army instead of an irregular militia (Livy,
+viii.�8. etc.).
+
++cinctus+ in this connection is properly 'surrounded' with a girdle to
+support a shield or sword, hence 'armed with.'
+
+
+XXII.
+
+1. +metu magno+, 'amid great anxiety.' An ablative of manner, closely
+akin to the "ablative absolute."
+
+2. +sua disciplina+, 'according to his custom,' _i.e._ way of fighting.
+Cf. _eadem nos disciplina utimur_, 'our habits are the same' (Plaut.
+_As._ i.�3. 49), and _disciplina militiae, bellica militaris_, etc.,
+'the art of war.'
+
+3. +cunctabundus+. Cf. _moribundus_, vi.�11. note. The Gaul stood on the
+alert ready to parry a blow, and waiting his opportunity. Manlius
+disconcerted him by suddenly dashing him backwards.
+
+7. +eo pacto ei ... +, etc., 'in that way he got to close quarters with
+him (_ei successit_) under his Gallic sword, and wounded his chest with
+his Spanish sword (sc. _gladio_).' The "Spanish sword" was a short
+weapon, fitted for thrusting and stabbing at close quarters; the "Gallic
+sword" a much longer and heavier weapon.
+
+9. +pectus hausit+. _Haurire_ of a weapon in the sense of 'wounding,'
+'tearing open,' is found in Lucretius, Vergil, and often in Ovid:
+probably the sword, etc., is regarded as devouring the flesh or drinking
+the blood (Conington). Cf. Verg. _Aen._ x.�313--
+
+              _Huic gladio perque aerea suta,
+  Per tunicam squalentem auro, latus haurit apertum._
+
+'With his sword, through brazen coat of mail and tunic stiff with gold,
+he wounded his unguarded side.'
+
+17. +speculatum+. The supine is _-um_, expressing purpose after a verb
+of motion.
+
++pugna interdicta+, 'though he had been forbidden to fight.' Abl.
+absolute.
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+1. +Agrum Pomptinum+. The Ager Pomptinus was a low plain on the coast of
+Latium, between Circeii and Terracina; it was originally a fertile
+cornland, but after the third century B.C., it became more and more
+marshy, till at last the Pomptine marshes were the most malarious
+district in Italy. They were partially drained from time to time, but no
+permanent relief was afforded till the time of Pius VI. (1778). The
+district is still the most unhealthy in Italy.
+
+3. +vasta proceritate+, abl. of description.
+
++armis auro fulgentibus+, abl. abs., 'a man of enormous stature, with
+armour gleaming with gold.'
+
+5. +per contemptum et superbiam+, 'scornfully and haughtily.' Cf. _per
+vim_, 'forcibly,' etc.
+
+6. +venire iubet+, etc., 'bids anyone out of the whole Roman army who
+dares to fight, to come forward and meet him,' lit. 'bids (him) come, if
+anyone dares.' _Auderet_ is in historical time, because _iubet_ is the
+historic present, standing for a past tense. Cf. xxi.�12. note.
+
+8. +tribunus militaris+. The _tribuni militum_, or _militares_, were the
+chief officers of the legion; there were originally three, afterwards
+six, to each legion.
+
++ceteris ... ambiguis+. Abl. absol., 'since the rest hesitated.'
+
+11. +progreditur ... obviam+, 'advances to meet him.'
+
+13. +vis quaedam divina fit+, 'a miracle happens': lit., a divine power
+is manifested.
+
+16. +laniabat ... revolabat+, the imperfects denote repeated action.
+
+21. +statuam statuendam curavit+, 'had a statue set up': for this use of
+_curo_ cf. xiii.�1. 4. note.
+
++Augustus+. Cf. xxix. 2. note.
+
++in foro suo+, the 'Forum Augusti.' There were three great _fora_ at
+Rome, the F. Augusti, the F. Magnum, Vetus, or Romanum, and the F.
+Julii.
+
+23. +monimentum+, in apposition to _simulacrum_.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+1. +Aesopus+ lived about 570 B.C. Little is known about his life. He was
+a slave, but was freed by one of his masters, Iadmon of Samos. He is
+said to have visited Croesus, king of Lydia, and Pisistratus of Athens,
+and to have been sent by the former to Delphi to distribute a gift of
+money among the citizens. A�dispute however arose, and he refused to
+give any of the money, so the angry men of Delphi threw him over a
+precipice. Later stories, without good authority, represent him as
+deformed.
+
++e Phrygia+. Cotioeum in Phrygia, Mesembria in Thrace, Samos, and Sardis
+each claimed to be the birthplace of Aesop.
+
+2. +utilia monitu suasuque+. The abl. of the supine in _-u_ is regularly
+used as an abl. of respect. Cf. _nefas visu_, _turpe dictu_, _facile
+factu_ (xxvii.�7.), etc.
+
+5. +cum audiendi quadam inlecebra+, lit. 'with some charm of hearing.'
+
+7. +spem+, etc., 'that in matters (_rerum_) which a man can manage
+himself, hope and trust ought never to be placed in another, but in
+himself,' _i.e._ that a man ought not to rely upon another for what he
+can do himself.
+
+10. +Q. Ennius+. Cf. xxxviii.�9.
+
++satiris+. _Satira_ or _satura_ (_satur_ = full), properly a mixture of
+all sorts of things, originally denoted a work which dealt with many
+subjects; then the title was applied to poems which treated
+'didactically' the follies and vices of mankind.
+
++versibus quadratis+, _versus quadrati_ (square) are those containing
+eight or seven feet. These lines of Ennius are called _Septenarii_ or
+_Tetrameter Catalectic_ verses. The principal feet in them are the
+_trochee_ ����), and _spondee_ ���.
+
+  H[-o]c [)e]r|[-i]t t[)i]b(i) | [-a]rg[)u]|m[-e]nt[-u]m | s[-e]mp[)e]r
+| [-i]n pr[-o]mp|t[-u] s[)i]|tum,
+  N[-e] qu[)i]d | [-e]xp[-e]c|t[-e]s [)a]|m[-i]c[-o]s, | quod t[)u]t(e)
+| [)a]g[)e]r[)e] | poss[)i]|es.
+
+12. +semper in promptu situm+, 'ever ready at hand.'
+
+13. +ne quid+, etc., 'not to wait for your friends at all (_quid_) in a
+matter which (_quod_) you yourself can�do.'
+
++possies+, old form of _possis_, pres. subj. of _possum_.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+2. +id temporis+. Cf. xviii. 7. note, 'at such a time, as a rule, that
+the harvest is at hand when its young ones are just becoming fledged.'
+
+3. +ea cassita+, that particular lark about which the story is told.
+
++congesserat+, used absolutely (_i.e._ without an object) in the sense
+of making a nest, as we used the word 'to build.' Cf. Verg._ Ecl._
+iii.�69, _locum aeriae quo congessere columbae_.
+
+5. +dum iret+. _Dum_, like other temporal conjunctions, takes the indic.
+(in Oratio R.) when _strictly_ temporal, but the subj. is required when
+the notion of time is complicated with that of purpose, consequence,
+etc. In other words, _dum_, 'whilst,' always takes the indic., _dum_,
+'until,' the indic. usually, the subj. sometimes, viz., when the idea of
+expecting or waiting for something comes in. Here purpose is expressed:
+'to enable her to meanwhile go ...,' 'till she should go.' Cf.
+_priusquam emeret_, xxxiii.�4. note.
+
+6. +quaesitum+, 'to seek for food ...'; the supine in _-um_ expressing
+purpose after a verb of motion. Cf. xvi.�13, xxii.�17.
+
+7. +si quid+, etc., 'if anything unusual happened.' For the genitive
+_quid rei_, cf. _id temporis_, xviii.�7. note.
+
+11. +fac eas et roges+, a less peremptory way of expressing a command
+than the simple imperative. Cf. _scribas velim_, _cura ut scribas_,
+_scribe sis_ (for _si vis_), instead of _scribe_.
+
+12. +veniant+, etc., subj. after _roges_, 'ask them to come ...'
+
+15. +orare+, the historical infinite, used instead of a finite verb. In
+this construction, which is frequent in an animated description of a
+scene, the pres. inf. only is used (besides the two perfects _odisse_
+and _meminisse_, which have a present meaning). Dr. Kennedy (Pub. Sch.
+Lat. Gr., 332) treats it as analogous to the omission of parts of the
+verb _sum_ (e.g. _occisus_ for _occisus est_), as it leaves out the
+expression of time, number, and person. 'It is used to express the
+occurrence of actions without marking the order of time.' (Roby.)
+
+17. +misit qui amicos roget+. _Roget_ is in subj., because the relative
+expresses purpose: 'has sent me to ask ....' _Misit_ is the perfect
+proper, 'has sent,' a�primary tense, hence _roget_ is in the pres. subj.
+
+18. +otioso animo esse+, abl. of quality, lit. 'bids them be of an easy
+mind,' _i.e._ 'bids them be easy in mind.'
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+4. +isti+, ironical, 'those friends of yours are laggards.'
+
++quin ... imus+, 'why do we not rather go ...?' The conjunction _quin_
+(=�_qu�_, an old ablative, and _-ne_) is thus used in exhortations and
+remonstrances (_a_) usually with the pres. indic., e.g. _quin
+conscendimus equos?_ (Livy), 'why do we not mount?' _i.e._ 'nay, mount
+at once': (_b_) sometimes with the imperative, _quin aspice me_, 'nay,
+look at me'; _quin dic uno verbo_, 'just answer in a single word.'
+
+5. +cognatos+. _Cognatus_ is a kinsman by blood, either on the father's
+or the mother's side; _agnatus_, a�blood relation on the father's side;
+_gentilis_, a�member of the same _gens_, and bearing the same gentile
+name, _e.g._ Cornelii, Fabii; all these three classes were
+_consanguinei_, related by blood; _adfinis_, a relation by marriage, or
+sometimes merely a neighbour.
+
+8. +cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme ...+, lit. 'as a rule no kinsmen
+and neighbours were so good-natured,' she said, 'as to make no delay in
+undertaking work, and to obey orders at once.'
+
+14. +valeant+, 'good-bye to ...,' _i.e._ let us have no more to do
+with....
+
+18. +id ubi ...+, the order is, _ubi mater audivit ex pullis dominum
+dixisse id...._
+
+19. +tempus cedendi et abeundi+, 'it is time to go and be off.'
+
+20. +in ipso enim+. The order is, _vertitur enim iam in ipso, cuia res
+est, non in alio, unde petitur_, lit. 'for (the work) now depends upon
+the man himself, whose the property�is, not upon another, from whom (the
+work) is asked,' _i.e._ who is asked to do the work.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+1. +Pyrrus+ (318-272 B.C.), king of Epirus, was one of the most famous
+generals of his age. In 280 he was invited to Italy by the Tarentines to
+aid them in their struggle with Rome. He defeated the Romans in two
+great battles, near Heraclea on the Siris in 280, and near Asculum in
+279, but his own troops suffered so severely that he concluded an
+armistice, and in 278 crossed to Sicily to help the Greek colonies in
+that island against the Carthaginians. The incident mentioned in this
+selection afforded the pretext for the truce. In 276 Pyrrus returned to
+Italy, but he was decisively defeated by Curius Dentatus near Beneventum
+and compelled to leave Italy. He went back to Epirus, and engaged in
+many new warlike enterprises. In 272, when retreating from Argos, he was
+stunned by a tile thrown by a woman, and slain by the pursuing soldiers.
+Hannibal is reported to have said, that of all the great generals the
+world had seen, Alexander was the greatest, Pyrrus the second, himself
+the third; or, according to another version, Pyrrus the first, Scipio
+the second, and himself the third.
+
++in terra Italia+, 'in the land of Italy'; cf. xxxi.�7, _in terra
+Graecia_, so _urbs Roma_, etc., the two substantives being in
+apposition.
+
+4. +Fabricius+. Cf. viii. 1. note.
+
+7. +facile factu+, 'easy to do.' Cf. xxiv.�2., _utilia monitu et suasu_,
+note.
+
+12. +salutem tutaretur+, 'should protect himself from...,' 'be on his
+guard against;' lit. 'protect his safety.'
+
+13. +laudes ... scripsisse+, 'it is said that Pyrrus wrote to the Roman
+people, praising and thanking them ...,' lit. 'wrote praises and
+thanks.'
+
++populo Romano+. Cf. _ad senatum scripsit_, line 9. The rule is that, if
+the verb expresses or implies motion, _ad_ with the acc. is used to
+express the remoter object; if no motion is implied, the dative is used;
+so, _misit hoc ad me_, but _dedit hoc mihi_. Hence many verbs admit both
+constructions, as they fall on the line between expressing motion and
+not expressing it. _Scribo_ is one of these, for the letter has to be
+sent, so motion is implied, but the verb itself expresses no motion.
+This rule, however, is not always observed even in prose, and far less
+so in poetry.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+1. +In circo maximo+. The early Roman legends say that when Tarquinius
+Priscus had taken the town of Apiolae from the Latins, he commemorated
+his success by holding races and games in the Murcian Valley, between
+the Palatine and Aventine hills. Round the valley temporary platforms
+and stands were erected, and the course with its surroundings was called
+'_Circus_,' either because the spectators stood in a circle or because
+the races went round in a circle. Soon a permanent building was erected
+in this valley. This was enlarged and beautified from time to time, and
+known as the Circus Maximus, to distinguish it from the many similar
+buildings which were erected in various parts of Rome. In the time of
+Julius Caesar the Circus Maximus was about 600 yards in length, and 200
+in width, and held 150,000 people: a�century later it could hold twice
+as many. The building was used chiefly for chariot-racing; but sometimes
+the area was flooded, and naval battles were represented, and often
+beasts were let loose in it to fight with one another, or with men,
+either condemned criminals and captives, or _bestiari_, specially
+trained for the purpose. This latter exhibition was called _venatio_, or
+_pugna venationis_. Animals were brought in almost incredible numbers
+from all parts of the Roman world to be thus slaughtered. Julius Caesar
+once turned 500 lions into the arena together, and Augustus, in the
+Monimentum Ancyranum, boasts that he had thus killed 3,500 elephants
+during his reign.
+
+2. +multae ibi ferae+, sc. _erant_.
+
+7. +quasi admirans+. Cf. _quasi desiperet_, xv.�6. note.
+
+15. +videres+, 'you might have seen.' Cf. Livy, _maesti, crederes
+victos, redeunt in castra_, 'you would have thought they had been
+defeated.' This use is confined to the second person singular ('you'
+indefinite = one); the subjunctive is explained by treating the
+expression as part of a conditional sentence, the condition understood
+being the reality of the subject. 'If you had been there, you might have
+seen....'
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+2. +Caesar+, probably Claudius, emperor 41-54 A.D.; he was the fourth
+emperor--Augustus being the first, Tiberius the second, and Caligula the
+third. Caesar was originally the name of a patrician family of the
+Julian _gens_. The name was taken by Augustus (Octavianus), as the
+adopted son of the Dictator, C. Julius Caesar: by Tiberius, as the
+adopted son of Augustus Caesar: and it continued to be used by Caligula,
+Claudius, and Nero, as members, by adoption, or female descent, of
+Caesar's family. This family became extinct with Nero, but succeeding
+emperors employed the name as part of their official title.
+
+3. +uni+ with +illi+, 'had spared him alone.'
+
++pepercisset+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _cur_.
+
+5. +proconsulari imperio+. The _Proconsulare Imperium_ is the power held
+by a man who acts _pro consule_, 'in the place of a consul.' As the
+number of Roman provinces increased, it became the custom under the
+Republic for men, who had held the office of consul, to accept the
+government of provinces for a year, and rule these with the "_Imperium
+Proconsulare_," which was conferred by a special decree of the Senate
+and of the people. Under the Empire the provinces were divided into two
+groups: (1)�the Senatorial Provinces (the more peaceful ones in which no
+large armies were maintained), which were governed with _Imperium
+Proconsulare_ by men who had been consuls or praetors: (2)�the Imperial
+Provinces, which were governed with _Praetorian_ power by _Legati
+Caesaris_, who acted as the Emperor's deputies.
+
++Africam+, the Roman name for the district round Carthage.
+
+10. +consilium fuit+, 'my plan was,' 'I purposed.'
+
+14. +debili ... pede+. Abl. absol., 'with one foot lame and
+bloodstained.'
+
+22. +volnere intimo expressi+, 'I pressed out from the bottom of the
+wound.' Words compounded with _ab_, _cum_, _de_, and _ex_ usually govern
+an abl., either with or (less frequently in prose) without the
+preposition repeated.
+
+23. +cruorem+: _cruor_ is 'gore,' _i.e._ blood which has flowed from a
+wound; _sanguis_, either 'gore,' or blood circulating in the body.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+1. +triennium totum+, acc. of duration of time; 'for three whole years.'
+
+2. +eodemque et victu+, abl. of matter; 'on the same food also.'
+
++nam quas+, etc. The order is--'_ferebat ad specum mihi_ (to the cave
+for me), _membra opimiora ferarum quas venabatur_,' the antecedent
+_ferarum_ being attracted into the relative sentence, and so becoming
+_feras_.
+
+7. +viam ... permensus+, 'having travelled a journey of almost three
+days.'
+
+9. +rei capitalis+, the genitive of the charge used after verbs of
+condemning and acquitting. _Res capitalis_ is a crime punishable by
+death or loss of civil rights, _caput_ denoting both life and civil
+status. Cf. xix.�1. note.
+
+10. +damnandum curavit+. Cf. xiii.�1. 4. note.
+
+11. +quoque+, the lion, as well as I, having been captured.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+1. +in terra Graecia+. Cf. _in terra Italia_, xxvii.�1. note.
+
++fama celebri+, abl. of quality, 'of great reputation.'
+
+5. +Athenis+, 'at Athens,' the locative case. Cf. xi.�1. note.
+
++Electram+, etc. The order is--_acturus Electram Sophoclis, debebat
+gestare urnam quasi cum Oresti ossibus_, 'being about to play the part
+of Sophocles' Electra (_i.e._ the part of Electra in the play of
+Sophocles called 'the Electra') he had to carry an urn, supposed to
+contain (_quasi cum_) the bones of Orestes.' Women's characters were
+played by men both on the Greek and on the Roman stage.
+
+When Agamemnon, king of Argos and Mycenae, returned from the Trojan war,
+he was murdered by his wife Clytaemnestra. Electra, their daughter,
+contrived to save her young brother Orestes, and send him to the court
+of Strophius, king of Phocis. After some years Orestes returned in
+company with Pylades, the son of Strophius. At first he pretended to be
+a messenger from Strophius, who had come to announce the death of
+Orestes in a chariot race, in token of which he brought an urn
+containing, he said, the ashes of the dead man. Finally, he made himself
+known to Electra, and then slew Clytaemnestra and her lover Aegisthus.
+
++Sophocles+, 495-406, the great Athenian tragic poet, was thirty years
+younger than Aeschylus and fifteen years older than Euripides. He is
+said to have written 130 plays, but of these seven only have reached us,
+of which the 'Electra,' here mentioned, is one.
+
+6. +Oresti+. The gen. sing. of Greek proper names in _-es_ of the third
+declension usually ends in _-i_, sometimes in _-is_. Hence we have nom.
+and voc., Orestes; acc., Oresten and Orestem; gen., Oresti and Orestis;
+dat., Oresti; abl., Orest[)e], rarely Orest[-e]. The plural, when used,
+follows the first declension.
+
+11. +quasi Oresti amplexus+. _Oresti_ is the gen. depending on _ossa_
+understood.
+
+12. +itaque+, etc., lit. 'and so when a play seemed to be represented,
+(true) grief was represented.'
+
+When the great English actor Macready played the part of Virginius, soon
+after the death of his own daughter, he declared that his recent
+experience of real grief gave a new force to his acting. Diderot, on the
+other hand, in his famous _Paradoxe sur le Com�dien_, maintains that the
+emotions of the actor must be artificial, not real, to produce an
+artistic effect.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+2. +qui pro se ... advocaverunt+, 'they engaged men to plead their
+case'; lit. 'who should speak for them,' _qui_ being used in a final
+sense, and hence the subj. For this sense of _advocaverunt_ cf. the
+English word 'advocate.'
+
+4. +Demosthenes+, the greatest of Athenian orators, was born in 385 and
+died in 322 B.C. As a statesman his whole policy was directed to
+resisting the aggressions of the Macedonian kings Philip and Alexander
+(cf. vi.). He made many bitter enemies, of whom +Demades+ (line 22) was
+one of the most important. Demades was a warm supporter of the
+Macedonian party, and, as he is known to have been an unprincipled man,
+this story probably applies to him, and not to Demosthenes.
+
+11. +lana multa ... circumvolutus+, lit. 'wrapped round as to his neck
+with much wool.' _Collum_ is the acc. of respect.
+
+12. +eo+, for that reason, therefore.
+
+14. +non synanchen ... sed argyranchen+, 'that his throat was inflamed
+not by cold, but by gold.' _Argyranche_ (#arguranch�#) is a sarcastic
+word coined to imitate _synanche_ (#sunanch�#), 'an inflamed throat.'
+
+15. +quin ... quoque+, 'nay he even prided himself upon it,' lit.
+ascribed it as a glory (dat of purpose or complement, cf. viii.�4. note)
+to himself. _Quinetiam_ is more common than the simple _quin_ in this
+sense.
+
+17. +quantum mercedis+. For this 'genitive of the thing measured,'
+usually called the 'partitive genitive,' depending of a neuter pronoun,
+cf. _id temporis_, xviii.�7. note, 'how much pay he had received for
+acting.' _Accepisset_ is subj. after the dependent interrogative
+_quantum_.
+
+18. +uti ageret+, lit. in order to act, a�final sentence. So '_ut
+tacerem_'.
+
+19. +talentum+, the Attic talent, �243 15s.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+1. +Marcus Tullius Cicero+, the famous Roman orator, was born near
+Arpinum on Jan 3rd, 106 B.C. He was consul in 63 B.C., and was murdered
+Dec 7th, 43 B.C., by the emissaries of M. Antonius.
+
++in Palatio+, the Palatium or Mons Palatinus was the hill on the S.W. of
+the Roman Forum. On it the original city is said to have been built.
+
+2. +in praesens+ sc. _tempus_, 'for the present'. _Praesens_, the pres.
+participle of _praesum_, and _absens_, the pres. participle of _absum_,
+are the only forms in which the pres. participle of _sum_ is found.
+
++P. Sulla+, the nephew of the great Dictator, L. Sulla, was accused of
+complicity in the Catilinarian conspiracy. He was defended by Cicero and
+Hortensius--the famous rival of Cicero, and, though certainly guilty,
+was acquitted, 62 B.C.
+
++mutua ... tacita accepit+, 'accepted as a secret loan....'
+
++sestertium viciens+, 2,000,000 _sestertii_, _i.e._ about �19,000. The
+unit for reckoning large sums was the _sestertius_ or _nummus_ (��of a
+_denarius_, the ordinary silver coin in use, or 2� asses), in value
+about 2�d. Up to 2,000 the cardinal numbers were prefixed, e.g. _centum
+sestertii_, _mille sestertii_, etc. The gen. plur. of _sestertius_ is
+_sestertium_, so 2,000 _sestertii_ is _duo millia sestertium_. This form
+_sestertium_ in time became treated as if it were a neuter singular.
+Hence for _duo millia sestertium_, _duo_ or _bina sestertia_ was
+written, as the 'distributive' form of the numeral was often used. Hence
+for sums from 2,000 up to 1,000,000 _sestertii_ we have _duo_ or _bina
+sestertia_, _sexaginta_ or _sexagena sestertia_, etc. For sums above
+1,000,000 _sestertii_ the numeral adverb was generally employed: thus,
+2,000,000 _sestertii_ was written _viciens centena_ (or _centum_)
+_millia sestertium_, which was generally contracted into _viciens
+sestertium_, or _viciens_ alone.
+
+4. +priusquam emeret+. _Priusquam_ and _antequam_, like other temporal
+conjunctions, usually govern the indicative; but when they introduce an
+event which is expected, and its occurrence prevented, _i.e._ when they
+convey any idea of purpose, they usually require the subjunctive. Cf.
+note on _dum iret_, xxv.�5. Translate, "before he _could_ buy."
+
++quod ... accepisset+, 'that he had accepted.' Fees to lawyers were
+illegal at Rome; but the law was evaded in many ways.
+
+10. +inter ridendum+, 'amidst his laughing.' Cf. note on the gerund,
+xiii.�1.
+
++#akoinono�toi#+ (_akoin[)o]n[)o][-e]toi_), #a-koinos-no�tos (no�sis)#,
+not having common sense. The word is not found in extant Greek works.
+
+11. +cum ignoratis+, 'because you do not know that.' This use of _cum_
+with the indic., giving a reason, is common in early writers (_e.g._
+Plautus), but only used by Cicero after such words as _laudo_ and
+_gratulor_. Later writers do not employ�it.
+
+12. +patris familias+, 'it is the custom of a prudent and careful master
+of the household to say that he is not going to buy what he wishes to
+purchase....' For the genitive, cf. _cuiusvis hominis est errare_, 'it
+is any man's nature to err,' etc. The genitive may be explained by
+saying that it depends upon some such word as _indoles_, 'nature,'
+_officium_, 'duty,' etc., understood.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+3. +Mons Cispius+ was one of the peaks of Mons Esquilinus, on the E. of
+the Forum.
+
++subeuntes montem+. Many intransitive verbs, especially verbs of motion,
+gain a semi-transitive or transitive force by being compounded with
+prepositions, chiefly prepositions which govern an acc., e.g. _adire_,
+_circumvenire_, _adstare_, _adloqui_, _oppugnare_, etc. But many of
+these compounds govern a dative, instead of, or as well as, an
+accusative, e.g. _adlabi_, _succedere_. Some verbs compounded with
+prepositions which govern an ablative take an accusative, e.g.
+_convenire_, _expugnare_, etc.
+
+4. +insulam+. _Insula_ was a house for poor people, let out in rooms or
+flats to several families; as opposed to _domus_, the large mansion of a
+single wealthy family.
+
++multis ... editam+, built to a great height with many floors.
+
+7. +magni+, nominative, 'the profits of city property are great.'
+
+8. +si quid remedii+. For the gen. cf. _id temporis_, xviii.�7. note,
+'if any remedy could have been found to prevent houses burning so
+constantly at Rome, I�would have sold....'
+
+10. +venum dedissem+. _Venum_ (neuter) is only found in the classical
+period in the acc. sing., but Tacitus uses _veno_, and still later
+writers _venui_. _Venum do_--often written as one word, _venumdo_,
+contracted into _vendo_--is 'I give for sale'; _venum eo_--often written
+_veneo_--is 'I am for sale.' For the acc. cf. _pessum dare_, 'I give to
+destruction,' and _pessum ire_, 'I go to destruction.'
+
+12. +annalem undevicensimum+, 'the nineteenth book of the history
+(annals) of Q. Claudius....'
+
+13. +Mitridati+, genitive; cf. _Oresti_, xxxi.�6. note.
+
+14. +defenderes+, subj. after the dependent interrogative _quo_.
+
+15. +L. Cornelius Sulla+, surnamed Felix, was born in 138 and died 78
+B.C. He first distinguished himself in Africa, when serving under Marius
+in the campaign against Jugurtha (107-106). In 88 he was appointed to
+the command of the war against Mitridates, but Marius, eager to obtain
+this for himself, got a new law passed transferring the command to
+himself. Sulla thereupon marched upon Rome with his troops, and Marius
+fled, only to return and deluge the streets of Rome with blood, when his
+rival had sailed for the East. The siege of Athens here referred to took
+place in 86: in 83 Sulla returned to Rome, and quickly overthrew the
+remains of the Marian party, Marius having died in 86. In 81 Sulla was
+appointed Dictator. He devoted two years to reforming the State, and
+restoring the power of the senate and aristocracy, and then retired into
+private life in 79. In the following year he died.
+
++Piraeum+. Piraeus, Munychia, and Phalerum were the three harbours of
+Athens.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+1. +Arion+. This story about Arion comes from the Greek historian
+Herodotus. +Periander+ was "tyrant" of Corinth from 625 to 585 B.C. Like
+most of the Greek "tyrants" he was a patron of art and literature.
+
++nobilis+ is common in the sense of 'famous,' as well as in its
+technical use of one whose ancestors had held curule office.
+
++Methymnaeus+. Methymna was a town at the northern extremity of Lesbos.
+
+5. +viseret+, the imperf. subj., because _proficiscitur_ is the
+'historical present' standing for a past tense. Cf. xxi.�12. note.
+
+8. +ut notiores+, 'as better known....'
+
+10. +in altum+, 'the deep sea.'
+
+11. +de necando Arione+, gerundial attraction. Cf. xiii.�7. note.
+
+21. +carmen ... orthium+, Greek #nomos orthios#, lit. the loud, high
+song, was the name for a shrill, stirring air.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+2. +cursum ... tenuerunt+, 'held on their course.'
+
+4. +fluitanti sese homini subdidit+, 'placed itself under the floating
+man.'
+
+5. +incolumique corpore et ornatu+, abl. absol., 'carried him to land
+(_devexit_) at Taenarum, in the country of Laconia, with body and
+clothes unharmed.' _Taenarum_ is the acc. of 'place whither.'
+
++in terram Laconicam+, lit. 'to Taenarum into the land of Laconia.' So
+'he set out for Carthage in Africa' is '_profectus est Carthaginem in
+Africam_.'
+
+6. +Taenarum+ was a promontory and town in the S.W. of Laconia, now
+Cape Matapan.
+
+7. +devexit+, 'carried _down_,' _i.e._ to land. The Greeks and Romans
+spoke of the coast line as lower than both the inland country and the
+'high' sea. Cf. the uses of #anabain�# and #katabain�#.
+
+8. +talemque+, etc., lit. 'presented himself to King Periander, not
+expecting him, in the same guise (_talem_) as he had been in (_qualis_)
+(when) carried on the dolphin.'
+
++quasi falleret+. Cf. _quasi desiperet_, xv.�6. note.
+
+12. +dissimulanter+, secretly, hiding the truth; _simulanter_,
+feignedly, pretending what does not exist (the form _simulanter_ is
+post-classical). This distinction between _simulo_ and _dissimulo_ is
+expressed in the pentameter--
+
+  "_Quod non es simulas, dissimulasque quod es_,"
+
+'you pretend what you are not, and hide what you are.'
+
+13. +audissent+, subj. after the dept. interrogative '_ecquid_.'
+
++unde venissent+, subj. because a dept. sentence in the _interrogatio
+obliqua_, after _interrogavit_.
+
+18. +ire infitias+, 'to deny.' For the phrase, cf. _ire exequias_, 'to
+attend a funeral.' The acc. in these phrases must be compared with the
+'acc. of place whither' after a verb of motion, _e.g._ _Romam_, _domum_,
+_rus ire_; and the acc. of the supine used to express purpose after a
+verb of motion, e.g. _lusum it Maecenas, dormitum ego_ (Horace),
+'Maecenas goes to play, I�to sleep.'
+
+20. +quod+, 'the fact that...,' introduces the substantival sentence
+'_simulacra ... visuntur_' which is the subject of _est_.
+
+21. +delphinus+ and +homo+ are in opposition with _simulacra_.
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+1. +ruris colendi insolens+, 'ignorant of agriculture.' For the
+gerundial attraction, cf. xiii.�1. note.
+
+3. +qui ... sciret+, 'since he knew...,' the relative when used in a
+causal sense governs the subjunctive.
+
+10. +faceret+, subj. after the dept. interrogative _cur_; 'he asked
+why he was making....'
+
+13. +gratias agens+. The plural _gratias_ is always used with _agere_;
+but after _referre_, _debere_, _sentire_, etc., the singular, _gratiam_,
+is most commonly found.
+
+15. +imperitus+ goes closely with _detruncat_. In English we should
+use the adverb, 'ignorantly (or, in his ignorance) cuts the tops
+off....'
+
++vites suas sibi omnes et oleas+, 'all the vines and olives that he
+possessed.'
+
+18. +pomis gignendis felicia+, lit. all the twigs 'productive for
+bearing fruit,' _i.e._ 'all the fruit-bearing twigs.' _Pomis gignendis_
+is the dative after _felicia_. For the gerundive attraction cf. xiii.�1.
+note.
+
++felicia+. The root of _felix_ is the same as the root of _fecundus_
+(fruitful), _fetus_ (offspring), etc. Hence the earliest meaning of
+_felix_ is fruit-bearing: in this sense it is used in Lucretius, Ovid,
+Livy, etc., and the adverb _felicius_ in Verg. (_hic segetes, illic
+veniunt felicius uvae._--Georg. i.�54.)
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+1. +Mitridates VI+., king of Pontus, 120-63 B.C., was the most
+powerful foe whom the Romans encountered in the East. The first
+Mitridatic war was brought to a successful conclusion by Sulla in 84
+B.C.; the second, 83-82 B.C., was uneventful; the third, 74-63 B.C., in
+which Pompeius distinguished himself, ended in the flight and suicide of
+the king, as described in line�8.
+
+2. +quorum ... cavebat+, 'by the continual use of which he protected
+himself from secret attempts at banquets'; _epularum_ is a descriptive
+genitive depending on _insidiis_.
+
+3. +quin ... est+. Cf. _quin quoque_, xxxii.�15. note, 'nay, he
+even....'
+
++ostentandi gratia+, 'to show off.'
+
+6. +in ultima regni+, 'to the most distant parts of his kingdom.'
+
+9. +Q. Ennius+ (239-169 B.C.), though a Greek by birth, spent his life
+at Rome, and was regarded by the Romans as the father of their poetry,
+_alter Homerus_ (Horace). His most important work was the _Annales_, an
+epic poem upon the history of Rome. Only a few fragments of his writings
+have reached�us.
+
+10. +Osce+. The Osci were a primitive people who lived in Campania.
+
+14. +lingua locutus est+, 'he spoke in the tongue and language of each
+as skilfully as if he had been of that nation.'
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+1. +eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi cupidus+, lit. 'was
+anxious to learn eloquence and to plead causes.'
+
++causarum orandi+, the genitive _orandi_ depends upon _cupidus_, and
+_causarum_ is a genitive depending on the gerund _orandi_. This
+construction (instead of the gerundial attraction, or the ordinary acc.
+after the gerund) is very rare; but cf. _nobis fuit exemplorum eligendi
+potestas_ (Cic de Juv. ii.�2), 'we had the power of choosing examples.'
+
++in disciplinam ... sese dedit+, 'entered himself as a pupil of
+Protagoras,' lit. gave himself to the teaching of Protagoras.
+
+3. +Protagoras+, of Abd[-e]ra, in Thrace, was born about 480 B.C. and
+died 411 B.C. He came to Athens before the year 445, and there
+established a school. He was the first Greek philosopher who called
+himself a 'Sophist,' and taught for pay.
+
++daturumque+, etc. The order is--_promisit se daturum esse grandem
+pecuniam mercedem_, 'promised to give a large sum as a remuneration....'
+_Mercedem_ is in apposition with _pecuniam_.
+
+6. +quo primo die+, 'on the first day on which he pleaded and won a
+case'; the antecedent _primo die_ is attracted into the relative
+clauses, a�common construction in Latin. Cf. xxx.�2.
+
+8. +causas ... reciperet+, 'did not undertake cases,' _i.e._ take
+briefs.
+
+12. +litem ... contestatur+ is the technical phrase for setting a suit
+on foot by calling witnesses; 'he brings an action against Euathlus.'
+
+17. +ex sententia+, in accordance with the votes of the judges.
+'_Sententia_' is an expressed opinion, hence our 'sentence.'
+
+18. +secundum te+, 'in your favour.'
+
+24. +pro causa mea senserint+, 'shall have pronounced in my favour.'
+
+
+XL.
+
+1. +proelium Cannense+, 216 B.C. Cf. ix.�1. Note the use of the
+adjective, where we use a subst. and prep., 'the battle of Cannae.'
+
+2. +electos ... misit+, 'sent to Rome ten men chosen out of our
+captives,' _i.e._ 'selected ten of our captives and sent them to Rome.'
+Cp. xxi.�3. note.
+
+3. +videretur+, 'if it seemed good to the Roman people.'
+
+4. +quos alteri plures acciperent+, 'whom the one side received more
+(than the other)'; _plures_ is acc. qualifying _quos_.
+
+5. +argenti+, etc., 'a pound and a half of silver by weight.'
+
+6. +hoc iusiurandum eos adegit+, 'bound them by this oath.' _Adigere
+aliquem iusiurandum_, or _ad iusiurandum_, is literally to drive a man
+to an oath, _i.e._ to make him take it. After the time of Livy the
+construction _adigere aliquem iure iurando_, 'to bind a man by an oath,'
+was more common.
+
+12. +postliminio+, 'by the right of _postliminium_.' _Postliminium_ is
+"the recovery of rights by a person returned from captivity, or the
+recovery of rights over a person or thing recovered from hostile
+possession" (Poste's _Gaius_, � 129), since a man by hostile capture
+became the slave of the enemy, and so during the interval of captivity
+his rights as a free citizen were suspended. The usual derivation given
+is from _post_ and _limen_, 'a returning behind the threshold'; others
+derive the _post_ from the same root as _potestas_ and _possessio_.
+
++liberatos religione+, 'freed from their obligation.'
+
+19. +quoniam+, etc., lit. 'since, when they had left the enemy's camp,
+they had returned to it (_eo lem._ lit. to the same place) on an
+imaginary pretext, as if for some accidental reason, and so had again
+left (the camp) not bound by an oath.'
+
+24. +censores+. Two censors were elected every five years (_lustrum_);
+they held office for 18 months. Their duties were (1)�to take the
+census, _i.e._ the register of the citizens and their property; (2)�to
+exercise a supervision over the morals of the citizens, and punish
+defaulters by the _nota censoria_, and degrade them in various ways.
+The consequence of the _nota_ was _ignominia_.
+
+
+
+
+EXERCISES
+
+TO BE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN.
+
+[_The words in brackets are not to be translated._]
+
+
+I.
+
+1. Vergil used to produce his verses like a bear.
+
+2. The verses of Vergil were at first rough and unfinished.
+
+3. He used to polish and correct his rough verses like a bear.
+
+4. That animal by licking gives features to its shapeless offspring.
+
+5. All the verses of Vergil were afterwards polished and corrected.
+
+6. The offspring of that animal is at first rough and shapeless.
+
+7. It produces a shapeless offspring, but afterwards licks and forms�it.
+
+8. The rough verses were polished and corrected by Vergil, as (its)
+offspring is licked and formed by that animal.
+
+
+II.
+
+1. Philemon was an author by no means equal to Menander.
+
+2. Do you not blush, whenever you defeat me in such contests?
+
+3. Philemon did not blush when he met Menander.
+
+4. Philemon often defeated Menander in those contests.
+
+5. Menander will meet Philemon by chance.
+
+6. Menander, a writer of comedies, defeated Philemon by bribery.
+
+7. Menander and Philemon were by no means equal.
+
+8. How do you defeat me in these contests?
+
+
+III.
+
+1. A wonderful thing is told by Plutarch about the palm.
+
+2. Great weights were placed by the philosophers on the stem of that
+palm tree.
+
+3. The tree will not yield, but will rise against the great weight.
+
+4. They have made the palm the emblem of victory.
+
+5. Why is this tree an emblem of victory in battle?
+
+6. The stem of the tree was not bent by the weights placed upon�it.
+
+7. Philosophers tell many wonderful tales about this tree.
+
+8. This tree was made by the Greeks the emblem of victory.
+
+
+IV.
+
+1. It is said that Xanthippe was the wife of Socrates the philosopher.
+
+2. Socrates had a very bad-tempered wife, Xanthippe by name.
+
+3. He did not drive his quarrelsome wife from home.
+
+4. I can bear the impertinence of the others more easily.
+
+5. The wife of Socrates was very quarrelsome both day and night.
+
+6. The friends of Socrates wondered at his bad-tempered wife.
+
+7. Why has your quarrelsome and bad-tempered wife not been driven from
+home?
+
+8. Alcibiades, the friend of Socrates, wondered at Xanthippe, the
+quarrelsome wife of that philosopher.
+
+
+V.
+
+1. Voluntary labours used to strengthen the body of Socrates.
+
+2. He used to stand day and night motionless.
+
+3. Socrates lived in perfect health for almost his whole life.
+
+4. A plague ravaged the city of Athens in the Peloponnesian war.
+
+5. Socrates kept his bodily vigour during the plague which ravaged
+Athens.
+
+6. He used to stand with his eyes directed to the same place.
+
+7. Socrates bore very many labours to strengthen his body.
+
+8. He directed his eyes to the same place from one sunrise to the next
+sunrise.
+
+
+VI.
+
+1. King Alexander had a wonderful horse called Bucephalas.
+
+2. No one, except King Alexander, could mount this horse.
+
+3. The king, seated on this horse, performed many brave deeds in the
+Indian war.
+
+4. Darts were thrown from all sides at King Alexander.
+
+5. The king was carried back at full speed by the dying horse from the
+middle of the battle.
+
+6. A town, called Bucephalon, was built by Alexander in that place.
+
+7. The horse was pierced by many wounds and fell down almost lifeless.
+
+8. Alexander built a town in India, which he called Bucephalon in honour
+of his wonderful horse Bucephalas.
+
+
+VII.
+
+1. Alcibiades was educated by his uncle Pericles.
+
+2. A flute-player endeavoured to teach Alcibiades to play the flute.
+
+3. The flute was handed to Alcibiades by his master.
+
+4. The flute was thrown away and broken by the boy Alcibiades.
+
+5. The Athenians unanimously ceased to play the flute.
+
+6. The uncle caused the boy to be taught to play the flute.
+
+7. The wise uncle caused many masters to be summoned.
+
+8. Flute-playing was formerly considered by the Athenians a most
+honourable accomplishment.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+1. The Samnites sent ambassadors to C. Fabricius, the Roman general.
+
+2. They offered the Roman general a large sum of money as a gift.
+
+3. Many things were lacking to the magnificence of his home.
+
+4. Fabricius could control his eyes, mouth and ears.
+
+5. Fabricius was unwilling to receive the money from the Samnites.
+
+6. The Samnites know (how) to use the money.
+
+7. Fabricius did many things for the Samnites after peace had been made.
+
+8. The Roman general was unwilling to use the Samnite money.
+
+
+IX.
+
+1. The king had collected his forces on the plain.
+
+2. King Antiochus was about to make war on his enemies, the Roman
+people.
+
+3. The army of the king was glittering with gold and silver trappings.
+
+4. He manoeuvred his chariots, cavalry and elephants.
+
+5. These things will be enough for the greedy Romans.
+
+6. Many elephants had been collected by Antiochus.
+
+7. Hannibal jeered at the cowardice of Antiochus' soldiers.
+
+8. The king had collected chariots with sickles and elephants with
+turrets.
+
+
+X.
+
+1. The death of Milo was wonderful and pitiable.
+
+2. Athletics were abandoned by Milo (when) advanced in age.
+
+3. A large oak was standing near the road.
+
+4. He thrust his fingers into the hollows of the tree.
+
+5. Milo endeavoured with his fingers to tear open the oak.
+
+6. The tree returned to its natural position and shut in his hands.
+
+7. The man was torn to pieces by wild beasts.
+
+8. The oak was torn open by the hands of Milo.
+
+
+XI.
+
+1. The Roman senators used to enter the senate house with their sons.
+
+2. The senators were consulting about a very important matter.
+
+3. No one spoke about the matter, (which had been) adjourned to the next
+day.
+
+4. The mother of the boy Papirius was very anxious to hear the matter.
+
+5. It is advantageous to the state for one man to have two wives.
+
+6. The boy was unwilling to tell his mother those matters.
+
+7. In that city one woman was not married to two men.
+
+8. I must be silent, for I am not allowed to tell you this.
+
+
+XII.
+
+1. On hearing this she betook herself in alarm to the other women.
+
+2. Next day a crowd of women came to the senate-house.
+
+3. What is this crowd of women, and what do these demands mean?
+
+4. The boy advances into the middle of the senate-house and says these
+things.
+
+5. Afterwards no boy entered the senate-house except Papirius.
+
+6. The name (of) "Praetextatus" was given to the boy.
+
+7. The women were frightened and surrounded the senate-house weeping and
+praying.
+
+8. The senators wondered, when they saw the crowd of matrons.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+1. Sertorius was an energetic general, skilled in commanding an army.
+
+2. In times of difficulty he used to pretend dreams and tell lies to the
+soldiers.
+
+3. A certain man gave Sertorius a white doe of remarkable beauty.
+
+4. This doe has been presented to me by heaven.
+
+5. The doe used to converse with Sertorius and advise him.
+
+6. He announced that the doe had given him this advice.
+
+7. The soldiers willingly obeyed Sertorius as if (he were) a�god.
+
+8. The doe, which had been given him as a gift, was of remarkable beauty
+and extraordinary speed.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+1. The doe, alarmed by an inroad of the enemy, took to flight.
+
+2. The doe one day hid in a neighbouring marsh, and was searched for in
+vain.
+
+3. It was believed that Sertorius' doe had perished.
+
+4. Sertorius ordered the man, who found the doe, to be silent.
+
+5. The doe appeared to me in the middle of the night and foretold what
+must be done.
+
+6. The doe was suddenly let loose into the room, in which Sertorius and
+his friends were sitting.
+
+7. The credulity of these barbarians was very useful to the general.
+
+8. No one deserted Sertorius, though he was often conquered.
+
+
+XV.
+
+1. An old woman brought nine books to King Tarquin.
+
+2. She said that she wished to sell the books, which she had brought.
+
+3. The woman demanded an immense (sum of) money, and therefore the king
+laughed.
+
+4. Three out of the nine books were burnt before the king's face.
+
+5. The king said that the old woman was certainly mad.
+
+6. She sold these books for the same price that she had demanded for
+all.
+
+7. Tarquin at first despised the old woman, but afterwards bought the
+three remaining books.
+
+8. The books, which this old woman sold to Tarquin, are called the
+Sibylline (books).
+
+
+XVI.
+
+1. Scipio Africanus did not receive money from King Antiochus.
+
+2. Scipio made peace with Antiochus on favourable terms.
+
+3. Many charges were made against Scipio by M. Naevius.
+
+4. This is the day on which Scipio conquered Hannibal in a very great
+battle in Africa.
+
+5. This victory of Scipio in the land of Africa was very famous.
+
+6. They went to the Capitol, to give thanks to Jupiter.
+
+7. The assembly did not pass sentence on Scipio.
+
+8. They all followed Scipio to his house with rejoicings and
+congratulations.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+1. Cato, Scipio's enemy, won over a certain tribune, named Petilius.
+
+2. He was unwilling to give an account of the money and spoil to the
+senate.
+
+3. Scipio produced a book, in which was written an account of the money
+and the spoil.
+
+4. He tore the book to pieces with his own hands.
+
+5. The safety of the state ought to be ascribed to Scipio.
+
+6. He rose and produced a book, in which were the accounts.
+
+7. I will not read the accounts to you, for I am unwilling to insult
+myself.
+
+8. Scipio had taken much money and spoil in the war against Antiochus,
+and had written an account of it in a book.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+1. Old writers have told many (tales) about the life and deeds of
+Africanus.
+
+2. Before dawn Scipio used to go to the temple of Jupiter.
+
+3. The dogs did not attack Scipio as he went to the Capitol.
+
+4. The attendants of the temple wondered that the dogs did not bark at
+Scipio.
+
+5. Scipio was attacking a very strong town, situated in Spain.
+
+6. There was small hope of taking this strong town.
+
+7. He ordered bail to be given by the soldier for (his appearance on)
+the third day.
+
+8. Scipio stretched out his hand towards the town, which he was
+attacking.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+1. The man must be condemned by the law.
+
+2. I consulted about the life of my friend with the judges.
+
+3. I persuaded the other judges to acquit my friend.
+
+4. He silently gave his vote for condemning the man.
+
+5. The duty of a friend and of a judge was thus safe.
+
+6. He consulted with himself about the life of his friend.
+
+7. Two out of the three judges acquitted my friend.
+
+8. It is the duty of a judge to condemn a man, who ought by the law to
+be condemned.
+
+
+XX.
+
+1. A certain young man was very fond of old words.
+
+2. In his daily conversations he used old-fashioned expressions.
+
+3. The Pelasgi were the first who inhabited Italy.
+
+4. He used old-fashioned words, as though he were talking with the
+mother of Evander.
+
+5. He did not wish any one to understand what he said.
+
+6. You ought to be silent, and thus you would gain what you wish for.
+
+7. You ought to use modern expressions, if you wish to be understood.
+
+8. I love the old Aurunci, for they were honourable and good.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+1. Titus Manlius took a necklace from an enemy, whom he had killed.
+
+2. He was named Torquatus in honour of a necklace, which he had taken
+from an enemy.
+
+3. A certain Gaul advanced with a shield and two swords.
+
+4. A Gaul advanced, who surpassed the other in height and strength.
+
+5. He beckoned with his hand, and cried with a very loud voice.
+
+6. The others dared not fight against this enemy, on account of his
+dreadful appearance.
+
+7. The barbarian began to jeer at them, because no one dared to advance.
+
+8. T. Manlius was grieved that the others dared not fight against the
+Gaul.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+1. The two soldiers, the Roman and the Gaul, fought on the bridge in the
+sight of both armies.
+
+2. Manlius trusted in his courage, the Gaul in his skill.
+
+3. The enemy's shield was struck again by Manlius.
+
+4. Manlius wounded the Gaul's shoulder with his Spanish sword.
+
+5. The Roman threw his enemy down and cut off his head.
+
+6. The bloodstained necklace was taken from the neck of the Gaul by
+Manlius.
+
+7. The son of Manlius killed an enemy, who had challenged him, although
+he had been forbidden to fight by his father.
+
+8. Harsh commands are called "Manlian," because this Manlius beheaded
+his own son.
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+1. The consul drew up the Roman lines facing the vast forces of the
+Gauls.
+
+2. The arms of the Gallic leader shone with gold.
+
+3. The Gaul, a man of enormous height, advanced shaking his spear.
+
+4. He haughtily ordered any Roman to come, who dared to fight against
+him.
+
+5. Whilst the others were wavering between shame and fear, Valerius
+advanced boldly against the enemy.
+
+6. A raven suddenly attacked the eyes of the Gaul.
+
+7. The raven, having torn the hands and face of the Gaul, perched on the
+head of Valerius.
+
+8. Thus, helped by the bird, he killed his enemy, and in honour of the
+victory was named Corvinus.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+1. Aesop, who lived in Phrygia, was a very wise writer of fables.
+
+2. He invented amusing stories, and thus gave useful advice.
+
+3. Philosophers give useful advice, but what they say is not amusing.
+
+4. Aesop invented an amusing story about a lark.
+
+5. This fable about the lark warned men that their hopes ought to be
+placed in themselves.
+
+6. Q. Ennius composed many verses about this story of Aesop.
+
+7. This is a proof that our confidence ought to be placed in ourselves.
+
+8. It is the custom with philosophers to give useful advice, with
+writers of fables amusing advice.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+1. It is said that a lark built in the corn.
+
+2. The corn was ripening when the young ones were unfledged.
+
+3. The lark went to search for food, and left her young ones in the
+nest.
+
+4. If anything unusual happens, said she, tell me when I return home.
+
+5. The young ones saw the owner of the crops calling his son.
+
+6. The owner's friends were unwilling to assist him in the harvest.
+
+7. Make haste, mother, and carry us to another nest.
+
+8. The lark said that it was not necessary to take her young ones to
+another home.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+1. When the mother had flown to seek food, the owner returned to the
+field with his son.
+
+2. He told his son that the friends were loiterers, for they had not
+come.
+
+3. Let us go, said he, and ask our relations to help us to-morrow.
+
+4. The young ones told their mother that the master had sent for his
+relations.
+
+5. The master said that he would himself reap the corn with his sickle.
+
+6. The relations neglected to come, and so the master and his son
+themselves reaped the corn.
+
+7. The mother said that it was time to go; for what he had ordered would
+now be done.
+
+8. The matter now depends on the master himself, not on his friends.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+1. Pyrrhus fought many battles with success in the land of Italy.
+
+2. Timochares, a friend of Pyrrhus, wished to kill the king by poison.
+
+3. If we agree about the reward, I promise to kill the king by poison.
+
+4. My son is the king's cup-bearer, and so he will easily be able to
+give poison to the king.
+
+5. Fabricius wrote to the Roman Senate, that Timochares wished to kill
+King Pyrrhus by poison.
+
+6. The Senate advised the king to act more cautiously.
+
+7. Your friends wish to kill you by poison; therefore it is necessary to
+act very cautiously.
+
+8. The king wrote to the Roman Senate, thanking and praising them, and
+restored all the prisoners whom he had taken.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+1. A lion of enormous size was brought into the circus.
+
+2. Many slaves had been given by their masters to fight wild beasts.
+
+3. An enormous and terrible lion attracted the attention of all by its
+roaring.
+
+4. It is said that the lion, seeing Androclus, suddenly stood still.
+
+5. It is said that the lion wagged its tail like a dog, and licked the
+man's hands.
+
+6. The slave recovered his lost courage and turned his eyes on the lion.
+
+7. You might have seen the lion licking the legs and hands of the slave.
+
+8. A mimic hunt was given in the circus, for which many wild-beasts had
+been sent from Africa.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+1. Loud shouts were aroused by this wonderful sight.
+
+2. Caesar asked why the lion spared Androclus alone.
+
+3. A wonderful and marvellous story was told Caesar by the slave.
+
+4. The slave, driven to flight by his master's daily blows, took refuge
+in the desert.
+
+5. At mid-day the slave hid in a cave, to which a lion came.
+
+6. An enormous lion was coming to the cave, with one foot lame, groaning
+and sighing.
+
+7. He was at first terrified by the sight of the lion, but soon
+recovered his courage.
+
+8. The slave pulled a large thorn out of the lion's foot; the lion then
+placed its foot in his hands and slept.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+1. He said that for three years he had lived in the same cave as the
+lion.
+
+2. I used to cook my food by the mid-day sun, because I had no fire.
+
+3. I am weary of this wild-beast's life, and I will leave the cave.
+
+4. His master arrested him and sent him from Africa to Rome.
+
+5. My master had me condemned to death and given to the wild-beasts in
+the Circus.
+
+6. The lion, after I was separated from it, was taken and sent to Rome.
+
+7. Androclus, after telling this wonderful tale, was pardoned and
+presented with the lion.
+
+8. They gave money to the slave and flowers to the lion, which had been
+the host of the man.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+1. Polus, a famous actor in Greece, had a well-loved son.
+
+2. Polus lost his son, and mourned for him many days.
+
+3. Polus was about to act the "Electra" of Sophocles, and to carry the
+bones of Orestes in his hands.
+
+4. Electra carried the remains of her brother in an urn, and wept for
+his death.
+
+5. Electra, the sister of Orestes, was dressed in mourning and carried
+the remains of her brother.
+
+6. She took the urn from the tomb and carried it in her hands.
+
+7. The urn, which Electra was carrying, had been placed in a tomb.
+
+8. Polus carried in his hands the remains of his own son, and wept for
+his, not Orestes', death.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+1. It is said that ambassadors came from Athens to Miletus to ask for
+help.
+
+2. They pleaded for the Milesians, but Demades replied that help ought
+not to be given to them.
+
+3. Demades maintained that the Milesians were not worthy of help.
+
+4. He said that it would not be advantageous to the state to give help.
+
+5. It is said that Demades received from the Milesian ambassadors as
+much money as he asked for.
+
+6. I am suffering from an inflamed throat and therefore I cannot oppose
+the Milesian demands.
+
+7. He did not conceal what he had done, but said he had received much
+money.
+
+8. You received three talents for acting, I�received more for being
+silent.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+1. Cicero wished to buy a house on the Palatine, but had no money at the
+time.
+
+2. P. Sulla lent Cicero 5,000,000 sesterces secretly.
+
+3. You have received, said they, money from Sulla for buying a house.
+
+4. Cicero afterwards bought the house with the money which he had
+received from Sulla.
+
+5. I said that I did not wish to buy that house, because I was a
+cautious father of a family.
+
+6. Cicero's friends reproached him with this lie.
+
+7. Cicero told that lie, because he had received money from a defendant.
+
+8. Cicero wished to buy that house, but he said that he did not wish to
+buy�it.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+1. Many friends accompanied Julianus home.
+
+2. A block, many stories high, was blazing.
+
+3. He said that property in the city gave great returns.
+
+4. There is no remedy to prevent houses at Rome burning.
+
+5. He sold all his country property and bought city property.
+
+6. The philosopher said that alum was the best remedy for fire.
+
+7. A wooden tower, which had been built to defend the city, was smeared
+with alum by Archelaus.
+
+8. Q. Claudius says that this tower, smeared with alum, could not burn.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+1. Arion of Lesbos lived at Corinth, and was loved by Periander.
+
+2. Arion went to Italy and charmed the ears of all in that land.
+
+3. He gained much money by playing, and afterwards wished to return to
+King Periander at Corinth.
+
+4. He chose a Corinthian ship, because he thought the sailors would be
+more friendly to him.
+
+5. Arion gave all his money to the sailors, but prayed them to spare his
+life.
+
+6. The sailors ordered Arion to spring down into the sea, in order that
+they might take possession of his money.
+
+7. In a loud voice he sang this song, and then threw himself into the
+sea.
+
+8. He took his lyre in his hand and, standing on the stern, began to
+sing a song.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+1. The sailors thought that Arion had perished in the sea, and held on
+their course to Corinth.
+
+2. It is said that a dolphin carried the man safe to Taenarum.
+
+3. Arion went from Taenarum to Corinth and related what had happened to
+himself.
+
+4. The king believed that Arion was deceiving him, and ordered him to be
+guarded for two days.
+
+5. The king ordered the sailors to be sent for, and asked them if they
+had heard anything about Arion.
+
+6. The sailors told the king that Arion was living in Italy.
+
+7. Arion stood forth before the astounded sailors, who thought that he
+had perished in the sea.
+
+8. At Taenarum two bronze figures stand as a proof of this tale.
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+1. A certain barbarian bought a large farm planted with olives and
+vines.
+
+2. The Thracian saw his neighbour pruning his trees.
+
+3. He asked his neighbour why he pulled up the vine suckers.
+
+4. The trees of his neighbour were more fruitful than his own.
+
+5. He thanked his neighbour and went home rejoicing.
+
+6. The ignorant Thracian took a sickle, and began to cut off the most
+luxuriant foliage of the trees.
+
+7. He cut off all the fruitful twigs of the apple-trees.
+
+8. The ignorant man thought that he was pruning his trees, as his
+neighbour had done.
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+1. The King of Pontus was very skilled in medicine.
+
+2. It is said that these medicines are good for dissipating poisons.
+
+3. The King of Pontus for his whole life was on his guard against secret
+treachery.
+
+4. Mitridates often drank poison to show that it was harmless to him.
+
+5. He slew himself with his own sword, (after) having in vain tried the
+strongest poisons.
+
+6. Ennius could speak Greek, Latin and Oscan, and so he used to say that
+he had three hearts.
+
+7. The King of Pontus knew the languages of all the nations under his
+dominion, twenty-two in number.
+
+8. Mitridates used to talk with the men of each nation, whom he had
+under his dominion, in the language of that nation, and not through an
+interpreter.
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+1. He gave Protagoras half of the money which he asked for, and promised
+to give the remaining half afterwards.
+
+2. I will give you, said he, the remaining half on the first day on
+which I win a case.
+
+3. He was a pupil of Protagoras for a long while, but did not undertake
+any case.
+
+4. He did not undertake any case, in order to avoid paying the rest of
+the money.
+
+5. Protagoras thought that his plan for gaining the money was very
+clever.
+
+6. If the verdict is given in your favour,[A] it will be necessary for
+you to pay me the money.
+
+7. The judges left the matter unsettled, because they did not know what
+sentence they ought to give.
+
+8. The wise judges adjourned the law-suit to a very distant day.
+
+    [Footnote A: The verdict is given in my favour: pronuntiatum est
+    pro�me.]
+
+
+XL.
+
+1. Hannibal chose ten prisoners and sent them to Rome.
+
+2. He wished after the battle of Cannae to make an exchange of prisoners
+with his enemies.
+
+3. The Roman prisoners promised with an oath to return to Hannibal.
+
+4. They told the senators what Hannibal had said about an exchange of
+prisoners.
+
+5. Their relations embraced them and prayed them with tears not to
+return to Hannibal.
+
+6. Of the ten prisoners eight returned to Hannibal, and two only
+remained at Rome.
+
+7. The two prisoners, who remained at Rome, were despised by all.
+
+8. The censors branded with every mark of infamy the prisoners, who had
+refused to return to Hannibal.
+
+
+
+
+LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
+
+_The parts of regular verbs are not given._
+
+_A dot occurring in a word separates the parts of a compound._
+
+
++A.+ for Aulus, -i.
+
++a, ab+, _prep. gov. abl._, from,�by.
+
++ab�eo+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[)i]tum, -[-i]re, 4 _v. n._, I�go away.
+
++ab�hinc+, _adv._, henceforward, since.
+
++ab�i[)i]cio+, -i[-e]ci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I�throw away, throw from.
+(i[)a]cio.)
+
++ab�l[-e]go+, _v. a._ 1, I send away.
+
++ab�solvo+, -solvi, -s[)o]l[-u]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�set loose, I�acquit.
+
++[)a]bund[-e]+, _adv._, abundantly, sufficiently. (ab�undo, I�overflow;
+cf. unda, a�wave.)
+
++ac+, _conj._, and.
+
++ac�c[-e]do+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I�go to, I�approach. (ad,
+c[-e]do.)
+
++ac�c[)i]do+ (or adc[)i]do), -cidi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I�fall to, fall
+out, happen. (ad, c[)a]do.)
+
++[)a]cies, -ei+, _f._, line-of-battle (lit. sharp edge). ([-a]cer,
+[)a]cus.)
+
++ac�c[)i]pio+, -c[-e]pi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I�receive, learn, hear.
+(ad, c[)a]pio.)
+
++ac�c[-u]so+, 1 _v. a._, I impeach, blame.
+
++[-a]cer+, acris, acre, _adj._, sharp, eager, energetic.
+
++[)a]cerbus, -a, -um+, _adj._, bitter, bad-tempered. ([-a]cer.)
+
++[-a]cr[)i]ter+, _adv._, sharply, keenly. ([-a]cer.)
+
++actor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, actor. ([)a]go.)
+
++acturus+, _fut. part._, fr. [)a]go.
+
++[)a]d+, _prep. gov. acc._, to, for.
+
++ad�cido+. Cf. accido.
+
++ad�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring to, add.
+
++[)a]d�eo+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[)i]tum, 4 _v. n._, I�go to, approach.
+
++ad�e[)-o]+, _adv._, thus far; usque adeo, to such an extent, (ad, is;
+cf. quoad.)
+
++ad�f[)e]ro+ (or aff[)e]ro), -t[)u]li, -l[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring�to.
+
++ad�ficio+. Cf. afficio.
+
++ad�f[-i]nis+ (or affinis), -e, _adj._, neighbouring to, related to (by
+marriage); as a _subst._, neighbour, relation.
+
++ad�[)i]go+, -[-e]gi, -actum, 3 _v. a._, I�drive to. adigo aliquem (ad)
+iusiurandum, I�drive a man to an oath, make him swear. ([)a]go.)
+
++ad�h[)i]beo+, -h[)i]bui, -h[)i]b[)i]tum, 2 _v. a._, I�bring to, employ.
+(h[)a]beo.)
+
++ad�[)i]piscor+, -eptus, 3 _v. dep._, I�obtain. ([)a]piscor.)
+
++ad�i[)u]vo+, -i[-u]vi, -i[-u]tum, 1 _v. a._, I�assist.
+
++ad�m[-i]r[-a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, wonder.
+
++ad�m[)i]ror+, 1 _v. dep._, I wonder�at.
+
++ad�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring to, bring in, admit.
+
++ad�m[)o]dum+, _adv._, lit. to a measure, in a high degree, very.
+(m[)o]dus.)
+
++ad�no+, 1 _v. n._, I�swim to.
+
++ad�pr[)e]hendo+ (or apprehendo), -pr[)e]hendi, -pr[)e]hensum, 3 _v.
+a._, I�seize.
+
++ads[)i]duus+, -a, -um, _adj._, constant, eager, diligent. (adsideo: cf.
+continuus, fr. contineo.)
+
++ads[)i]due+, _adv._, constantly. (adsiduus.)
+
++ad�signo+, 1 _v. a._, I attribute to. (signum.)
+
++ad�sum+, -fui, -esse, _v. n._, I�am present.
+
++ad[)u]lescens+ (or ad[)o]lescens), -entis, _c._, young man, young
+woman. (ad�[)o]lesco.)
+
++ad[)u]lescentia+, -ae, _f._, youth, manly strength, (ad�olesco.)
+
++ad[)u]lor+, 1 _v. dep._, I fawn on, flatter.
+
++ad�v[)e]nio+, -v[-e]ni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I�come to, approach.
+
++ad�vers[-a]rius+, -a, -um, _adj._, turned towards, opposed to;
+_subst._, antagonist. (ad, versus.)
+
++ad�versum+, or +ad�versus+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, towards,
+against.
+
++ad�verto+, -verti, -versum, 3 _v. a._, I�turn towards, observe
+(generally in phrase 'animum adverto').
+
++ad�v[)o]co+, 1 _v. a._, I call to my aid.
+
++ad�v[)o]lo+, 1 _v. n._, I fly towards.
+
++aedes+ (or aedis), -is, _f._, a�building, temple; in _pl._, a�house.
+
++aed[)i]t[)u]mus+, -i, _m._, keeper of temple, sacristan. (aedes.)
+
++aegr[-e]+, _adv._, with difficulty, scarcely. aegre passus, displeased.
+(aeger.)
+
++[)a][-e]neus+, -a, -um, _adj._, brazen. (aes.)
+
++aer[-a]rium+, -ii, _n._, treasury. (aes.)
+
++aes+, aeris, _n._, copper, brass, money.
+
++Aes[-o]pus+, -i, _m._, Aesop. (#Ais�pos#.)
+
++aetas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, age (for aev[)i]tas, fr. aevum, #ai�n#.)
+
++affero+. Cf. adfero.
+
++af�f[)i]cio+, -f[-e]ci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I�affect in some way:
+afficio contumeli�, I�affect, brand with disgrace, _i.e._ I disgrace,
+insult. (f[)a]cio.)
+
++Afr[)i]ca+, -ae, _f._, Africa, _i.e._ the land round Carthage.
+
++Afr[)i]c[-a]nus+, -i, _m._, agnomen of Scipio.
+
++[)a]ger+, agri, _m._, land, territory. (#agros#, cf. English acre,
+German Acker.)
+
++[)a]go+, [-e]gi, actum, 3 _v. a._, I�drive, do, act; of the Senate,
+I�transact, I�discuss: ago gratias, I�give thanks; bene ago, I�fare
+well, prosper.
+
++[-a]io+, _v. n._, _defective_, I�say.
+
++#akoinono�toi#+ (cf. xxxiii.�10, note), deficient in common sense.
+
++[-a]la+, -ae, _f._, wing.
+
++albus+, -a, -um, _adj._, white.
+
++Alc[)i]b[)i][)a]des+, -is or -i, _m._, Alcibiades. (#Alkibiad�s#.)
+
++[-a]les+, -[)i]tis, _adj._, winged; as _subst._, c., a�bird. ([-a]la.)
+
++Alexander+, -dri, _m._, Alexander. (#Alexandros#.)
+
++[)a]l[)i]qu[)i]s+, aliquid, _subst. pron._, some one, any one.
+([)a]lius, quis.)
+
++[)a]l[)i]ter+, _adv._, otherwise. ([)a]lius.)
+
++[)a]lius+, -a, -um, _adj._, other, another. (Cf. #allos#.)
+
++alt[-e]+, _adv._, deeply. (altus.)
+
++alter+, -[)e]ra, -[)e]rum, _adj._, the one (or other) of two. (Cf.
+[)a]lius.)
+
++altus+, -a, -um, _adj._, deep; as _subst._, altum, i, _n._, the deep
+sea. ([)a]lo, I�nourish.)
+
++[)a]l[-u]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, alum.
+
++amb[)i]guus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wavering, hesitating. (amb[)i]go, fr.
+ambi, Gr. #amphi#, [)a]go.)
+
++amb[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, lit. a going round, bribery. (ambio. fr. ambi,
+Gr. #amphi#,�eo.)
+
++Ambr[)a]ciensis+, -e, _adj._, Ambracian, belonging to Ambr[)a]cia, town
+in S. of Ep[-i]rus.
+
++[)a]m�[)i]cio+, -[)i]cui or -ixi, -ictum, 4 _v. a._, I�wrap around,
+clothe. (am or amb, Gr. #amphi#, and i[)a]cio. Cf. #amphiball�#.)
+
++[)a]mictus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. am[)i]cio. As _subst._, amictus,
+[-u]s _m._, clothing.
+
++[)a]m[-i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, friendly; _subst._, [)a]m[-i]cus, i,
+_m._, a�friend. ([)a]mo.)
+
++[-a]�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�send away, let go, lose.
+
++[)a]mo+, 1 _v. a._, I love.
+
++am�plector+, -exus, 3 _v. dep._, I�embrace. (am cf. am�icio, plecto,
+I�plait.)
+
++ampl[)i]t[-u]do+, -[)i]nis, _f._, dignity. (amplus.)
+
++amp�[)u]to+, 1 _v. a._, I lop off.
+
++[)a]n+, _conj._, or, whether (in disjunctive interrogations).
+
++an�ceps+, -c[)i]p[)i]tis, _adj._, two-headed, doubtful, dangerous. (an,
+cf. am�[)i]cio, caput.)
+
++Androclus+, -i, _m._, Androclus.
+
++[)a]n[)i]ma+, -ae, _f._, soul. (animous, #anemos#, that which
+breathes.)
+
++[)a]n[)i]m�ad�verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�direct my attention to,
+notice. (animus, ad, verto.)
+
++[)a]n[)i]mus+, -i, _m._, mind. (Cf. anima.)
+
++ann[-a]lis+, -e, _adj._, belonging to a year. As _subst._, annalis,
+-is, _m._ (sc. liber), chronicle, annal. (annus.)
+
++annus+, -i, _m._, year.
+
++ant[)e]+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, before.
+
++ant[)e][-a]+, _adv._, before.
+
++ant[)e]�quam+, _conj._, before that.
+
++Ant[)i][)o]ch[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to Antiochus.
+
++Ant[)i][)o]chus+, -i, _m._, Antiochus (#Antiochos#.)
+
++ant[-i]qu[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, antiquity, old times. (antiquus.)
+
++ant[-i]qu[)i]tus+, _adv._, from of old, in former times. (antiquus.)
+
++ant[-i]quus+ (or anticus), -a, -um, _adj._, ancient. (ante.)
+
++Ant[-o]nius+, -ii, _m._, Antonius.
+
++[)a]nus+, -us, _f._, old woman.
+
++[)a]p[)e]rio+, -[)e]rui, -[)e]rtum, 4 _v. a._, I�open.
+
++[)a]p[)o]l[)o]gus+, -i, _m._, fable. (#apologos#.)
+
++ap�pello+ (or +ad�pello+), 1 _v. a._, I�drive to, go to, I�accost,
+appeal�to.
+
++ap�p[)e]to+ (or +ad�peto+), -[-i]vi and -ii, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._ and
+_n._, I�seek for, long for, approach.
+
++ap�pono+ (or +ad�pono+), -p[)o]sui, -p[)o]s[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�place
+near.
+
++ap�pr[)o]bo+ (or +ad�pr[)o]bo+), 1 _v. a._, I�approve, I�confirm.
+
++aptus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. [)a]po, [)a]pere, I�fit to; fit, suited.
+(Cf. apiscor, #hapt�#.)
+
++[)a]p[)u]d+, _prep. gov. acc._, near to, at the house�of.
+
++arbor+, -[)o]ris, _f._, a tree.
+
++arcesso+, -[-i]vi, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�send for.
+
++Arch[)e]l[-a]us+, -i, _m._, Archelaus.
+
++ardeo+, arsi, arsum, 2 _v. n._, I�am on fire, burn.
+
++arduus+, -a, -um, _adj._, steep, lofty.
+
++argentum+, -i, _n._, silver.
+
++arg[-u]mentum+, -i, _n._, proof, argument, plot. (arguo.)
+
++arg[)y]ranche+ (#arguranch�#). Cf. xxxii.�14, note.
+
++[)A]r[-i]on+, [)o]nis, _m._, Arion.
+
++Arist[)o]d[-e]mus+, -i, _m._, Aristodemus.
+
++[)A]rist[)o]t[)e]les+, -is or -i, _m._, Aristotle.
+
++arma+, -orum, _n._, _plur. only_, arms.
+
++armilla+, -ae, _f._, bracelet. (arma.)
+
++armo+, 1 _v. a._, I arm, equip. (arma.)
+
++ars+, +artis+, _f._, art, skill. (Cf. arma.)
+
++arx+, +arcis+, _f._, citadel. (arceo.)
+
++a�scendo+, -ndi, -sum, 3 _v. n._, I�mount up. (scando, I�climb.)
+
++[)-A]s[)i][-a]t[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to Asia.
+
++aspectus+, -us, _m._, look. (aspicio.)
+
++asper+, -[)e]ra, -[)e]rum, _adj._, harsh, rough.
+
++a�spernor+, 1 _v. dep._, I despise. (ab, sperno.)
+
++a�spicio+, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._, I�behold, look�at.
+
++as�porto+, 1 _v. a._, I carry away. (abs, porto.)
+
++as�s[)i]deo+, -s[-e]di, -sessum, 2 _v. n._, I�sit by; I�besiege. (ad,
+sedeo.)
+
++assum+. Cf. adsum.
+
++ast[-u]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, skilled, clever. (astus.)
+
++[)a]t+, _conj._, but.
+
++[)A]th[-e]nae+, -arum, _f. plur._ only, Athens.
+
++[)A]th[-e]niensis+, -e, _adj._, Athenian.
+
++[-a]thl[-e]ta+, -ae, _m._, wrestler, athlete. (#athl�t�s#.)
+
++[-a]thl[-e]t[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, athletic. ars athletica,
+athletics.
+
++atqu[)e]+, _conj._, and.
+
++[)-a]trox+, -[-o]cis, _adj._, frightful, fierce. ([-a]ter, black,
+gloomy.)
+
++Att[)i]ca+, -ae, _f._, Attica.
+
++attent[-e]+, _adv., comp._, attentius, attentively. (attendo.)
+
++at�tingo+, -t[)i]gi, -tactum, 3 _v. a._, I�touch. (ad�tango.)
+
++auctor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, author. (augeo.)
+
++audeo+, ausus, 2 _v. a._ and _n._, I�dare.
+
++audio+, 4 _v. a._, I hear. (Cf. auris, ear.)
+
++aud[-i]tor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, hearer. (audio.)
+
++au�f[)e]ro+, abs�t[)u]li, ab�l[-a]tum, au�ferre, 3 _v. a._, I�carry
+away, take. (ab, fero.)
+
++aureus+, -a, -um, _adj._, golden. (aurum.)
+
++auris+, -is, _f._, ear.
+
++aurum+, -i, _n._, gold.
+
++Aurunci+, -orum, _m._, the Aurunci.
+
++aut+, _conj._, or. aut ... aut, either ...�or.
+
++autem+, _conj._, but, however, moreover.
+
++aux[)i]l[)i]um+, -ii, _n._, help. (augeo.)
+
++[)a]v[-a]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, covetous, greedy. ([)a]veo, I�long
+for.)
+
++[-a]versus+, -a, -um, _part._ from [-a]verto, turned away.
+
++[-a]�verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�turn away.
+
++[)a]vis+, -is, _f._, bird.
+
++[)a]vunc[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, maternal uncle. (Diminutive of [)a]vus,
+grandfather.)
+
+
++barb[)a]ria+, -ae, _f._, foreign country. (barb[)a]rus.)
+
++barb[)a]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, foreign. (#barbaros#: cf. balbus,
+stammering.)
+
++bellum+, -i, _n._, war.
+
++bell[-a]tor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, warrior. (bellum.)
+
++b[)e]n[)e]+, _adv._, well. bene facio, I�benefit.
+
++b[)e]n[)e]f[)i]cium+, -ii, _n._, kindness. (bene, facio.)
+
++bestia+, -ae, _f._, wild beast.
+
++bland[-e]+, _adv._, gently. (blandus).
+
++bland[-i]mentum+, -i, _n._, blandishment. (blandior, I�caress.)
+
++b[)o]nus+, -a -um, _adj._, good.
+
++B[-u]c[)e]ph[)a]las+, -ae (#Boukephalas#), _m._, Bucephalas. Cf. vi.�1.
+note.
+
+
++C.+ for C[-a][)i][)u]s or G[-a][)i][)u]s.
+
++caedes+, -is, _f._, lopping off, destruction. (caedo.)
+
++Caesar+, -[)a]ris, _m._, Caesar.
+
++C[-a][)i][)u]s+, -i, _m._, Caius.
+
++call[)i]d[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, skill, cunning. (callidus.)
+
++campus+, -i, _m._, plain.
+
++c[)a]nis+, -is, _c._, dog. (#ku�n#.)
+
++Cannensis+, -e, _adj._, of Cannae.
+
++c[)a]no+, c[)e]c[)i]ni, cantum, 3 _v. a._, I�sing, I�play. cano tibiis
+= I play the flute.
+
++canto+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I�sing, I�play (frequentative form of
+cano.)
+
++cantor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, singer, musician. (c[)a]no.)
+
++cantus+, -us, _m._, song, melody. (c[)a]no.)
+
++c[)a]pesso+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�strive for,
+undertake. (desiderative form fr. c[)a]pio.)
+
++c[)a]pio+, c[-e]pi, captum, 3 _v. a._, I�take. capio consilium, I�form
+or adopt a plan.
+
++C[)a]p[)i]t[-o]lium+, -ii, _n._, the Capitol. (c[)a]put.)
+
++c[)a]p[)i]t[-a]lis+, -e, _adj._, relating to the caput, _i.e._ life or
+civil rights, capital. res capitalis, capital offence. (c[)a]put.)
+
++capt[-i]vus+, -i, _m._, captive, (c[)a]pio.)
+
++c[)a]put+, -[)i]tis, _n._, head, life, civil rights. (Cf. #kephal�#.)
+
++carmen+, -[)i]nis, _n._, song. (c[)a]no.)
+
++cass[-i]ta+, -ae, _f._, the crested lark, [)a]lauda cristata, L.
+(cassis, a�helmet.)
+
++castrum+, -i, _n._, fort; in _plur._, a�camp. (Cf. c[)a]sa, hut.)
+
++c[-a]sus+, -us, _m._, accident, case. (c[)a]do, I�fall, happen.)
+
++c[)a]terva+, -ae, _f._, troop, band, body of men.
+
++C[)a]to+, -[-o]nis, _m._, Cato. (c[)a]tus, shrewd.)
+
++cauda+, -ae, _f._, tail.
+
++causa+, -ae, _f._, cause, reason, case.
+
++caus[-a]+, _abl._ of causa, for the sake of, with _genitive_.
+
++caut[-e]+, _adv._, cautiously, (cautus.)
+
++cautus+, -a, -um, _part._ from c[)a]veo, careful.
+
++c[)a]veo+, c[-a]vi, cautum, 2 _v. n._, I�am on my guard, cautious.
+
++c[)a]verna+, -ae, _f._, cave, hollow. (c[)a]vus, hollow.)
+
++c[-e]do+, cessi, cessum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I�yield, go away, depart.
+
++c[)e]l[)e]ber+, -bris, -bre, _adj._, numerous, famous.
+
++c[)e]l[)e]r[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, speed. (c[)e]ler.)
+
++c[-e]lla+, -ae, _f._, shrine, part of temple in which the image of the
+god stood.
+
++c[-e]lo+, 1 _v. a._, I conceal.
+
++censeo+, -ui, censum, 2 _v. a._, I�assess, think, vote for, decree,
+resolve.
+
++censor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, censor. (censeo.)
+
++centum+, _indecl. num. adj._, one hundred.
+
++cert[-a]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, contest, competition. (certo, I�strive.)
+
++cerva+, -ae, _f._, doe.
+
++cervix+, -[-i]cis, _f._, neck.
+
++cess[-a]tor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, loiterer. (cesso.)
+
++[c[-e]t[)e]rus]+, -a, -um, the other, the rest. The nom. sing. masc. is
+not in use.
+
++Ch[-i]l[-o]+, -[-o]nis, _m._, Chilo. (#Cheil�n#.)
+
++c[)i]b[-a]rius+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to food (c[)i]bus). res
+cibaria, provisions.
+
++c[)i]bus+, -i, _m._, food.
+
++c[)i]c[-a]trix+, -[-i]cis, _f._, scar.
+
++C[)i]c[)e]ro+, -[-o]nis, _m._, Cicero.
+
++cingo+, -nxi, -nctum, 3 _v. a._, I�surround, gird on, clothe.
+
++circum+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, around.
+
++circum�f[)e]ro+, -t[)u]li, -l[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�carry round, report.
+
++circum�fundo+, -f[-u]di, -f[-u]sum, 3 _v. a._, I�pour around, surround.
+
++circum�plector+, -plexus, 3 _v. dep. a._, I�embrace, surround.
+
++circum�sp[)i]cio+, -spexi, -spectum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I�look around,
+survey.
+
++circum�volvo+, no perf., -v[)o]l[-u]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�roll round.
+
++circus+, -i, _m._ (#kirkos#), circus.
+
++Cispius+ (mons), the Cispian hill.
+
++c[)i]t[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. c[)i]to, urged on. citato cursu,
+at full speed.
+
++c[)i]to+, 1 _v. a._, I urge on. (frequentative form of cieo.)
+
++c[-i]vis+, -is, _c._, citizen.
+
++c[-i]v[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, state. (c[-i]vis.)
+
++cl[-a]mor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, shout, noise. (cl[-a]mo.)
+
++clandest[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, secret. (clam.)
+
++Claudius+, -ii, _m._, Claudius.
+
++claudo+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�shut. (Cf. clavis, key, #klei�#.)
+
++coepi+, coepisse, 3 _v. a._, defective (the _pres._ coepio only in
+ante-classical writers.) _perf._ with _pres._ signific., I�begin.
+
++c[-o]g[)i]to+, 1 _v. a._, I meditate upon. (co, agito.)
+
++co�gn[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, related by blood; as _subst._,
+a�kinsman. (co, gnatus for natus.)
+
++co�gn[-o]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, surname. (co, n[-o]men.)
+
++co�gn[-o]m[)i]no+, 1 _v. a._, I surname.
+
++co�gnosco+, -gn[-o]vi, -gn[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�become acquainted with,
+investigate a case. (nosco.)
+
++c[-o]go+, c[)o][-e]gi, c[)o]actum, 3 _v. a._, I�drive together, compel,
+(co, ago.)
+
++col�l[)o]quor+, -l[)o]c[-u]tus, 3 _v. dep._, I�talk with.
+
++c[)o]lo+, c[)o]lui, cultum, 3 _v. a._, I�cultivate. (Cf.
+[)-a]gr[)i]-c[)o]la.)
+
++collum+, -i, _n._, neck.
+
++c[)o]ma+, -ae, _f._, hair, foliage. (#kom�#.)
+
++c[)o]mes+, -[)i]tis, _c._, companion. (com,�eo.)
+
++comment[)i]cius+, -a, -um, _adj._, pretended, false. (comminiscor.)
+
++c[)o]m[)i]tor+, 1 _v. dep._, I accompany. (c[)o]mes.)
+
++commentus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. comm[)i]niscor.
+
++com�m[)i]niscor+, -mentus, 3 _v. dep._, I�devise, invent. (Cf.
+re�miniscor.)
+
++c[-o]moedia+, -ae, _f._, comedy. (#k�m�dia#.) certamina comoediarum,
+dramatic competitions.
+
++com�p[)a]ro+, 1 _v. a._, prepare, procure.
+
++comp[)e]t[-i]tor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, rival, competitor. (com�peto.)
+
++com�pl[-o]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I bewail violently.
+
++com�pl[-u]res+, -a, rarely -ia, _adj._, several.
+
++com�p[-o]no+, -p[)o]sui, -p[)o]s[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�place together,
+arrange, compose. litterae compositae, forged letters.
+
++con�c[-e]do+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I�yield, grant,
+retire.
+
++con�c[)i]do+, [)i]di, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I�fall down. (c[)a]do.)
+
++con�c[)i]pio+, -c[-e]pi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I�take to myself. concepta
+sanies, matter which has gathered in a wound. (c[)a]pio.)
+
++con�cl[-a]mo+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�cry out, shout together or loudly.
+
++con�demno+, 1 _v. a._, I sentence, condemn. (damno.)
+
++cond[)i]cio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, agreement, conditions, terms, (con�dico.)
+
++con�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring together, build, lay
+up, hide.
+
++con�f[)e]ro+, -t[)u]li, -l[-a]tum, or coll[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring
+together, employ, attribute.
+
++con�f[)i]cio+, -f[-e]ci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I�execute, finish.
+(f[)a]cio.)
+
++conf[-i]dentia+, -ae, _f._, boldness, confidence. (conf[-i]do.)
+
++con�f[-i]do+, -fisus, 3 _v. n._, I�trust�in.
+
++con�firmo+, 1 _v. a._, I establish, confirm.
+
++conf[-i]sus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. confido, confident.
+
++con�formo+, 1 _v. a._, I shape.
+
++con�f[-u]to+, 1 _v. a._, I restrain, silence. (futo, _intens._ form of
+f[)o]veo.)
+
++con�g[)e]ro+, -gessi, -gestum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring together. Absolutely
+(sc. nidum), I�build a nest.
+
++con�gr[)e]dior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I�meet as friend, or foe,
+I�attack. (gradior.)
+
++congressio+, -onis, _f._, meeting, attack. (congredior.)
+
++c[-o]n�i[)i]cio+, -i[-e]ci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I�throw together, hurl.
+(i[)a]cio.)
+
++coni[-u]r[-a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, conspiracy. (con�i[-u]ro.)
+
++c[-o]nor+, 1 _v. dep._, I attempt.
+
++con�scisco+, -sc[-i]vi, or -scii, -sc[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�approve of.
+conscisco aliquid mihi, I�adjudge something to myself; conscisco necem,
+mortem, mihi, I�kill myself.
+
++consensus+, -us, _m._, consent, agreement. (consentio.)
+
++con�s[)e]quor+, -s[)e]c[-u]tus, 3 _v. dep._, I�follow after, attain,
+gain.
+
++con�s[)e]ro+, -s[-e]vi, -s[)i]tum, or -s[)a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�sow,
+plant.
+
++con�s[-i]do+, -s[-e]di, -sessum, 3 _v. n._, I�sit down, encamp.
+(s[)e]deo.)
+
++cons[)i]lium+, -ii, _n._, plan, purpose. (con, root sul; cf. consul.)
+
++con�sisto+, -st[)i]ti, st[)i]tum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I�halt.
+
++cons[)i]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. cons[)e]ro.
+
++conspectus+, -us, _m._, sight, view. (consp[)i]cio.)
+
++con�sp[)i]cio+, -spexi, -spectum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I�look at with
+attention, see.
+
++con�sterno+, 1 _v. a._, I stretch on ground, terrify.
+
++con�st[)i]tuo+, -ui, -[-u]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�place (a�thing) somewhere,
+station. (st[)a]tuo.)
+
++con�s[)u]esco+, -su[-e]vi, -su[-e]tum, 3 _v. n._, I�grow accustomed.
+
++consul+, -[)u]lis, _m._, consul. (Cf. cons[)i]lium.)
+
++cons[)u]l[-a]ris+, -e, _adj._, consular.
+
++cons[)u]lo+, -lui, -ltum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I�reflect, I�consult
+with. (Cf. consilium.)
+
++consulto+, 1 _v. a._, I deliberate upon, I�debate. (frequentative form
+of cons[)u]lo.)
+
++consultum+, -i, _n._, decision, decree. (cons[)u]lo.)
+
++con�temno+, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 _v. a._, I�despise.
+
++con�tendo+, -di, -tum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I�strain after, strive for,
+assert.
+
++con�testor+, 1 _v. dep._, I call to witness. Contestor litem,
+I�introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses. (testis.)
+
++con�tingo+, -t[)i]gi, -tactum, 3 _v. n._, I�touch, reach to, happen.
+(tango.)
+
++cont[)i]nuo+, _adv._, immediately. (continuus, fr. con�tineo.)
+
++contio+, [-o]nis, _f._, meeting, assembly. (for con�ventio, a�coming
+together.)
+
++contr[-a]+, _adv., prep. gov. acc._, against. contra d[-i]co, I�object
+to. appeal against sentence.
+
++con�tueor+, -tuitus, 2 _v. dep._, I�gaze upon.
+
++cont[)u]m[-e]lia+, -ae, _f._, disgrace, ignominy. (root tem: cf.
+con�temno.)
+
++con�turbo+, 1 _v. a._, I throw into disorder. (turba.)
+
++con�vello+, -velli (rarely -vulsi), -vulsum, 3 _v. a._, I�tear
+away,�up.
+
++con�v[)e]nio+, -v[-e]ni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._ and _a._, I�come together,
+agree with, meet.
+
++con�verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�turn round, manoeuvre.
+
++con�vinco+, -v[-i]ci, -victum, 3 _v. a._, I�completely conquer.
+I�convict of (a�crime).
+
++conv[-i]vium+, -ii, _n._, banquet. (v[-i]vo.)
+
++c[-o]pia+, -ae, _f._, plenty, supply; in _plur._, forces. (co, ops.)
+
++c[-o]pi[-o]sus+, -a, -um, _adj._ with _abl._, well supplied with.
+
++cor, cordis+, _n._, heart. (Cf. #kardia#.)
+
++c[-o]ram+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. abl._, in the presence�of.
+
++C[)o]rinthius+, -a, -um, _adj._, Corinthian.
+
++C[)o]rinthus+, -i, _f._, Corinth.
+
++c[)o]r[-o]na+, -ae, _f._, wreath, garland. (#kor�n�#.)
+
++c[)o]r[-o]no+, 1 _v. a._, I crown. (c[)o]r[-o]na.)
+
++corpus+, -[)o]ris, _n._, body.
+
++cor�r[)i]go+, -rexi, -rectum, 3 _v. a._, I�make straight, correct.
+(con, rego.)
+
++C[)o]runc[-a]nius+, -ii, Coruncanius.
+
++Corv[-i]nus+, -i, _m._, Corvinus. (corvus.)
+
++corvus+, -i, _m._, raven. (#korax#.)
+
++c[)o]t[-i]d[)i][-a]nus+ (or +qu[)o]t[-i]d[)i][-a]nus+), -a, -um,
+_adj._, daily. (c[)o]t[-i]d[)i][-e].)
+
++cras+, _adv._, to-morrow.
+
++Crassus+, -i, _m._, Crassus.
+
++cr[-e]do+, -d[)i]di, -ditum, 3 _v. a._, I�entrust, I�trust in,
+I�believe. Used absolutely, I�suppose.
+
++cr[-e]d[)u]l[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, easiness of belief, credulity,
+(cr[-e]d[)u]lus, cr[-e]do.)
+
++cr[-i]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, charge, accusation.
+
++Cr[)o]t[-o]niensis+, -e, _adj._, of Crotona.
+
++cr[)u]c[)i][-a]tus+, -us, _m._, torture, (cr[)u]cio, crux.)
+
++cruentus+, -a, -um, _adj._, stained with blood. (cruor.)
+
++cruor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, gore, blood which has flowed from wounds.
+
++cr[-u]s, cr[-u]r[)i]s+, _n._, leg.
+
++c[)u]b[)i]c[)u]lum+, -i, _m._, a resting or sleeping room, (c[)u]bo.)
+
++c[-u]ius+, -a, -um, _interrog._ and _relat. adj. pron._, whose? or
+whose. (qui.)
+
++cultus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. colo, cultivated, civilized.
+
++cum+ (or +quum+), _conj._, when, since, if, although.
+
++cum+, _prep. gov. abl._, with.
+
++cunct[-a]bundus+, -a, -um, lingering, (cunctor.)
+
++cunctor+, 1 _v. dep._, I loiter, linger.
+
++cunctus+, -a, -um, _adj._, all in a body, all. (for con�iunctus.)
+
++c[)u]neus+, -i, _m._, wedge, wedge-shaped body of troops.
+
++c[)u]p[)i]dus+, -a, -um, _adj._, eager, desirous, proud of (with gen.)
+(c[)u]pio.)
+
++c[-u]r+, _adv._ and _conj._, why, wherefore.
+
++c[-u]ra+, -ae, _f._, care, anxiety.
+
++c[-u]ria+, -ae, _f._, senate-house. (Quiris, Cures.)
+
++C[)u]rius+, -ii, _m._, Curius.
+
++c[-u]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I take care of. With gerundive, cf. vii.�3. note.
+Curo puerum docendum, I�get the boy taught. (c[-u]ra.)
+
++currus+, -us, _m._, chariot. (curro.)
+
++cursus+, -us, _m._, running, race, course. C[)i]tato cursu, at full
+speed. (curro.)
+
++cust[-o]dio+, 4 _v. a._, I guard. (custos.)
+
++custos+, -[-o]dis, _c._, guard.
+
+
++damno+, 1 _v. a._, I condemn. (damnum, hurt, loss.)
+
++de+, _prep. gov. abl._, concerning, from.
+
++d[-e]beo+, 2 _v. a._, I owe. (de, h[)a]beo.)
+
++d[-e]b[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, lamed, feeble. (de, habilis.)
+
++d[)e]cem+, _numer._, ten.
+
++d[-e]�cerno+, -cr[-e]vi, -cr[-e]tum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I�determine,
+decide; of the senate, I�pass a decree.
+
++d[-e]�c[-i]do+, -c[-i]di, -c[-i]sum. 3 _v. a._, I�cut off. (caedo.)
+
++de�cl[-a]mo+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I�exercise myself in speaking,
+declaim.
+
++de�cl[-a]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I show, proclaim.
+
++d[)e]c[)o]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I adorn. (d[)e]cus, ornament, glory.)
+
++d[-e]d[)i]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, surrender. (d[-e]do.)
+
++d[-e]�d[-u]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�lead away, withdraw, bring
+down.
+
++d[-e]�fendo+, -di, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�ward off, keep off.
+
++d[-e]fensor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, defender. (d[-e]fendo.)
+
++d[-e]�f[)e]ro+, -t[)u]li, -l[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring down, hand
+over.
+
++d[-e]�f[-i]o+, -fectus, -f[)i][)e]ri, _v. n._ (used as _passive_ of
+d[-e]f[)i]cio), I�am wanting, I�fail.
+
++d[-e]form[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, ugliness, deformity. (d[-e]�formis,
+ugly. Cf. forma.)
+
++d[-e]�i[)i]cio+, -i[-e]ci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._, I�throw down.
+(i[)a]cio.)
+
++de[-i]nceps+ (dissyl.), or +d[)e]�nceps+, _adv._, next, following.
+(deinde.)
+
++de[-i]nd[)e]+ (dissyl.), or +d[)e][-i]nd[)e]+, _adv._, then, thereupon.
+
++d[-e]lecto+, 1 _v. a._, I delight. (intens. of del[)i]cio.)
+
++d[-e]�l[)i]go+, -l[-e]gi, -lectum, 3 _v. a._, I�choose out, select.
+(l[)e]go.)
+
++d[-e]�l[-i]ro+, 1 _v. n._, I rave. (de, lira, out of the furrow.)
+
++d[-e]�l[)i]tesco+, -tui, 3 _v. n._, I�lie hid, conceal myself.
+(l[)a]tesco, inceptive of l[)a]teo.)
+
++delph[-i]nus+, -i, _m._, dolphin. (#delphis#.)
+
++D[-e]m[-a]d[-e]s+, -is, _m._, Demades. (#D�mad�s#.)
+
++de�m[)e]to+, -messui, -messum, 3 _v. a._, I�reap, mow.
+
++d[-e]�m[-i]ror+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I wonder�at.
+
++d[-e]�m[)o]ror+, 1 _v. dep._, I linger.
+
++D[-e]mosth[)e]nes+, -is and -i, _m._, Demosthenes. (#D�mosthen�s#.)
+
++d[-e]�mulceo+, -mulsi, -mulctum, 2 _v. a._, I�stroke down, caress.
+
++d[-e]mum+, _adv._, at last. (de.)
+
++d[-e]n[)i]qu[)e]+, _adv._, and then, finally. (de.)
+
++Dent[-a]tus+, -i, _m._, Dentatus.
+
++d[-e]nuo+, _adv._, again. (For de novo.)
+
++d[-e]�p[)o]p[)u]lor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I�ravage.
+
++d[-e]�p[)u]to+, 1 _v. a._ I cut off, prune.
+
++de�r[-i]deo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. a._, I�laugh�at.
+
++de�scisco+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. n._, I�withdraw, revolt
+from, abandon; with _prep._ ab and _abl._
+
++d[-e]�s[)e]ro+, -rui, -rtum, 3 _v. a._, I�desert, abandon. (Lit.,
+I�undo, sever; sero, I�join.)
+
++d[-e]sertus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. d[-e]s[)e]ro, lonely, desert.
+
++d[-e]�s[-i]d[)e]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I long for.
+
++d[-e]�s[)i]lio+, -[)i]lui, -ultum, 4 _v. n._, I�leap down, (s[)a]lio.)
+
++d[-e]�s[)i]no+, -sii, rarely -s[-i]vi, -s[)i]tum, 3 _v. n._ and _a._,
+I�give up, cease.
+
++d[-e]�s[)i]pio+, no perf. or sup., -ere, _v. n._, I�act foolishly, I�am
+foolish, (s[)a]pio.)
+
++d[-e]s[)i]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ of des[)i]no, obsolete, disused.
+
++d[-e]�sp[)i]cio+, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I�look down upon,
+despise.
+
++d[-e]�sum+, -fui, -esse, _v. n._, I�am wanting.
+
++d[-e]�t[)e]go+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�uncover, discover.
+
++d[-e]�tergeo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. a._, I�wipe off.
+
++d[-e]�tr[)a]ho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�take away.
+
++d[-e]�trunco+, 1 _v. a._, I lop, cut off.
+
++d[)e]�[-u]ro+, -ussi, -ustum, 3 _v. a._, I�burn�up.
+
++deus+, -i, _m._, god.
+
++d[-e]�v[)e]ho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�carry away, carry down.
+
++d[-e]�v[)e]nio+, -v[-e]ni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I�come from, I�go to,
+arrive�at.
+
++dexter+, -t[)e]ra, -t[)e]rum, and tra, trum, _adj._, on the right side,
+right. (#dexios#.)
+
++Di[-a]na+, -ae, _f._, Diana.
+
++d[)i]cio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, rule, jurisdiction. (Cf. dico, condicio.)
+
++d[-i]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�say, tell, call.
+
++dictum+, -i, _n._, saying, command, (d[-i]co.)
+
++d[-i]�d[-u]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�draw apart, separate.
+
++dies+, -ei, _m._ (in _sing. com._), day.
+
++dif�fero+, dist[)u]li, d[-i]l[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�carry away, put off.
+
++dif�f[-i]c[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, difficult, hard. (f[)a]c[)i]lis.)
+
++d[-i]�g[)e]ro+, -gessi, -gestum, 3 _v. a._, I�separate, disperse,
+dissipate.
+
++d[)i]g[)i]tus+, -i, _m._, finger.
+
++dign[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, rank, dignity. (dignus.)
+
++dignus+, -a, -um, _adj._, worthy.
+
++d[-i]�gr[)e]dior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I�go away. (gr[)a]dior.)
+
++d[-i]�l[)a]c[)e]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I tear to pieces.
+
++d[-i]l[-u]cesco+, luxi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I�begin to grow light.
+(Inceptive form of dil[-u]ceo.)
+
++d[-i]l[-u]c[)i]d[-e]+, _adv._, clearly. (dil[-u]ceo, lux.)
+
++d[-i]m[)i]dium+, -ii, _n._, half, (di, medius.)
+
++d[-i]�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�send away, dismiss.
+
++d[-i]�r[)i]go+, -rexi, -rectum, 3 _v. a._, I�arrange in a straight
+line, I�direct�to.
+
++dis�c[-e]do+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I�depart, go away.
+
++di�scindo+, -sc[)i]di, -scissum, 3 _v. a._, I�tear asunder, cut open.
+
++disc[)-i]pl[-i]na+, -ae, _f._, teaching, knowledge, tactics, custom.
+(disc[)i]p[)u]lus, disco.)
+
++disc[)i]p[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, disciple, follower. (disco.)
+
++disco+, d[)i]d[)i]ci, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I�learn. (Root da: cf.
+#didask�#, doceo.)
+
++diss[)i]m[)u]lanter+, _adv._, secretly. (diss[)i]m[)u]lo.)
+
++d[)i][-u]+, _adv._, for a long time. (dies.)
+
++d[-i]�vello+, -velli, rarely -vulsi, -vulsum, 3 _v. a._, I�tear
+asunder.
+
++d[-i]ves+, -[)i]tis, _adj._, rich.
+
++d[-i]v[-i]n[)i]tus+, _adv._, from heaven, by divine providence or
+influence. (d[-i]vus, deus.)
+
++d[-i]v[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, divine. (d[-i]vus, deus.)
+
++do+, d[)e]di, d[)a]tum, d[)a]re, _v. a._, I�give. (Cf. #did�mi#
+d[-o]num.)
+
++d[)o]ceo+, -cui, -ctum, 2 _v. a._, I�teach. (Cf. disco.)
+
++d[)o]leo+, -ui, -[)i]tum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I�grieve, I�grieve for.
+
++d[)o]lor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, pain, grief. (d[)o]leo.)
+
++d[)o]mi+, _adv._, at home. Locative case of d[)o]mus.
+
++d[)o]mus+, -us, _f._, home, house. (#domos#, root dem, to build.)
+
++d[-o]n[)e]c+, _conj._, until.
+
++d[-o]no+, 1 _v. a._, I�give, I present. (do.)
+
++d[-o]num+, -i, _n._, gift, (do.)
+
++dorsum+, -i, _n._, back.
+
++d[)u]b[)i]to+, 1 _v. a._, I hesitate.
+
++d[)u]bius+, -a, -um, _adj._, doubtful. D[)u]bio pr[)o]cul, without
+doubt.
+
++dum+, _conj._, whilst, until.
+
++d[)u][)o]+, -ae, -[)o], _numer._, two. (#duo#.)
+
++d[)u][)o]�d[-e]�v[-i]ginti+, _numer._, eighteen.
+
++d[-u]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, hard, harsh.
+
++dux, d[)u]cis+, _m._, leader. (d[-u]co.)
+
+
++e, ex+, _prep. gov. abl._, out of, from. Ex republica, to the advantage
+of the state.
+
++[)e]do+, [-e]di, [-e]sum, 3 _v. a._, I eat. (Cf. [)e]dax, #ed�#,
+#esthi�#.)
+
++ecqu[)i]s+, ecqu[)i]d, _interrog. subst. pron._, whether any?
+
++[-e]�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�give forth, bring forth,
+produce, utter, form, raise.
+
++[-e]�d[-u]co+, 1 _v. a._, I rear, educate.
+
++ef�f[)e]ro+, ex�t[)u]li, [-e]�l[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring out.
+
++ef�f[)i]cio+, -f[-e]ci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring to pass,
+accomplish. (ex, f[)a]cio.)
+
++[)e]g[)o]+, _pers. pron._, I.
+
++[)e]g[)o]�m[)e]t+, I myself.
+
++[-e]�gr[)e]dior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I�go out, I�leave.
+(gr[)a]dior.)
+
++[-e]gr[)e]g[)i]us+, -a, -um, _adj._, distinguished, eminent. (e, grex,
+chosen from the herd.)
+
++[-E]lectra+, -ae, _f._, Electra. (#�lektra#.)
+
++[)e]l[)e]phantus+, -i, _m._, elephant. (#elephas#.)
+
++[-e]l[)o]quentia+, -ae, _f._, eloquence. ([-e]l[)o]quor.)
+
++[-e]�l[-u]do+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�mock, jeer�at.
+
++[-e]�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�send out.
+
++[)e]mo+, [-e]mi, emptum, 3 _v. a._, I�buy.
+
++emptio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, purchase, buying. ([)e]mo.)
+
++[)e]nim+, _conj._, for. sed enim, but indeed.
+
++Ennius+, -ii, _m._, Ennius.
+
++[-e]�nuntio+, 1 _v. a._, I declare, mention.
+
++eo+, [-i]vi or ii, [)i]tum, [-i]re, 4 _v. n._, I�go. (Root i; cf.
+#eimi#.)
+
++eo+, _adv._, thither, for that reason, therefore. (is.)
+
++[)e]phippium+, -ii, _n._, saddle, horse caparison. (#ephippion#, from
+#epi#, #hippos#.)
+
++[)e]p[)u]lae+, -arum, _f._, feast, banquet. (In _sing._ [)e]p[)u]lum,
+-i, _n._)
+
++[)e]qu[)i]t[-a]tus, -us+, _m._, cavalry. ([)e]quus.)
+
++[)e]qu[)u]s+, -i, _m._, horse. (#hippos#.)
+
++ergo+, _adv._, therefore.
+
++[-e]�r[)u]besco+, -bui, no sup., 3 _v. n. incep._, I�grow red, blush.
+
++[)e]t+, _conj._, and.
+
++[)e]t[)i]am+, _conj._, also, even.
+
++[)e]t[)i]am�si+, _conj._, even if.
+
++Euander+, -dri, _m._, Evander.
+
++Euathlus+, -i, _m._, Euathlus.
+
++[-e]verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�overthrow.
+
++exangu[)i]s+, or +exsanguis+, -e, _adj._, bloodless, lifeless. (ex,
+sanguis.)
+
++ex�[)a]n[)i]m[-a]tus+, _part._, from ex-[)a]n[)i]mo, lifeless.
+
++ex�[)a]n[)i]mo+, 1 _v. a._, I deprive of life. (anima.)
+
++ex�c[-i]do+, -c[-i]di, -c[-i]sum, 3 _v. a._, I�cut out, off. (caedo.)
+
++exc[)i]to+, 1 _v. a._, I arouse. (Freq. form of excio.)
+
++ex�cl[-a]mo+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�cry out, exclaim.
+
++ex�eo, -ivi or ii, -[)i]tum, -ire+, 4 _v. n._, I�go out.
+
++ex�erceo, -ui, -[)i]tum+, 2 _v. a._, I�drive on, I�practise. (arceo.)
+
++exerc[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, army. (exerceo.)
+
++exerto+, or +exserto+, no perf. and sup., 1 _v. a._, I�thrust out. (ex,
+serto, freq. of s[)e]ro.)
+
++ex�[)i]go+, -[-e]gi, -actum, 3 _v. a._, I�drive out. ([)a]go.)
+
++ex[)i]lium+, or +exsilium+, -ii, _n._, exile. (exul.)
+
++ex[)i]mius+, -a, -um, _adj._, extraordinary, uncommon. (eximo, I�take
+out of the mass.)
+
++ex�ist[)i]mo+, 1 _v. a._, I judge, consider. (aestimo.)
+
++ex[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, going out, departure. (exeo.)
+
++ex�ordior+, -orsus, 4 _v. dep. a._, I�begin.
+
++ex�pecto+, or +ex�specto+, 1 _v. a._, I�look for. (ex, specto.)
+
++ex�p[)e]rior, -pertus+, 4 _v. dep._, I�try.
+
++ex�p[-i]ro+, or +ex�sp[-i]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I�breathe out. (ex, spiro.)
+
++ex�p[-o]no+, -p[)o]sui, -p[)o]s[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�set forth,
+explain.
+
++ex�pr[)i]mo+, -pressi, -pressum, 3 _v. a._, I�press out. (pr[)e]mo.)
+
++ex�pr[-o]mo+, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring forth, utter.
+
++extemplo+, _adv._, immediately.
+
++ex�to+, or +ex�sto+, no perf. and sup., -are, _v. n._, I�stand forth,
+appear. (ex, sto.)
+
++extr[-a]+, _prep. gov. acc._, outside. Extra tela, out of range.
+
++extr[-e]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, outermost, furthest. Extrem� nocte, at
+the very end of night. Superl. degree from [exter and ext[)e]rus,
+post-classical], ext[)e]rior, extr[-e]mus, and ext[)i]mus. (ex.)
+
++ex�urgo+, or +ex�surgo+, exurrexi, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I�rise up. (ex,
+surgo.)
+
++ex[-u]ro+, -ussi, -ustum, 3 _v. a._, I�burn�up.
+
+
++F[)a]bius+, -ii, _m._, Fabius.
+
++F[-a]br[)i]cius+, -ii, _m._, Fabricius.
+
++f[-a]b[)u]la+, -ae, _f._, fable, story. (f[-a]ri, to say.)
+
++f[)a]c[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, easy, good-natured. (f[)a]cio.)
+
++f[)a]c[)i]nus+, -[)o]ris, _n._, deed, crime. (f[)a]cio.)
+
++f[)a]cio+, f[-e]ci, factum, f[)a]c[)e]re, 3 _v. a._, I�make, do. Facio
+cum aliquo, I�take part with anyone.
+
++factum+, -i, _n._, deed. (f[)a]cio.)
+
++f[-a]cundia+, -ae, _f._, eloquence. (f[-a]ri, to say.)
+
++fallo+, f[)e]felli, falsum, 3 _v. a._, I�deceive. (#sphall�#,
+#a�sphal�s#.)
+
++falsus+, -a, -um, _adj._, false. (fallo.)
+
++falx+, falcis, _f._, sickle.
+
++f[-a]ma+, -ae, _f._, renown. (f[-a]ri, to say.)
+
++f[)a]m[)i]lia+, -ae (old gen. -as), _f._, the slaves in a household,
+a�household.
+
++f[)a]m[)i]li[-a]ris+, -e, _adj._, belonging to a household
+(f[)a]m[)i]lia), intimate; as _subst._, friend.
+
++F[)a]v[-o]r[-i]nus+, -i, _m._, Favorinus.
+
++f[-e]cundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fruitful.
+
++f[-e]l[-i]c[)i]ter+, happily: f[-e]l[-i]cius, f[-e]l[-i]cissime.
+(f[-e]lix.)
+
++f[-e]lix+, f[-e]l[-i]cis, _adj._, happy, rich.
+
++f[)e]ra+, -ae, _f._, wild beast. (ferus.)
+
++f[)e]r[-e]+, _adv._, almost.
+
++f[)e]r[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of wild beasts. (f[)e]rus.)
+
++ferm[-e]+, _adv._, nearly, about, usually. (Cf. fere.)
+
++f[)e]ro+, t[)u]li, l[-a]tum, ferre, 3 _v. a._, I�bear; I�tell, say.
+(#pher�#, tollo.)
+
++f[)e]rox+, +f[)e]r[-o]cis+, _adj._, fierce. (Cf. ferus.)
+
++f[)e]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wild. (Cf. ferox.)
+
++fervo+, -vi, no sup., 3, _v. n._, I�grow hot; commoner form, ferveo,
+-bui, no sup.,�2.
+
++fest[-i]no+, 1, _v. n._ and _a._, I�hasten.
+
++f[-e]tus+, -us, _m._, brood, offspring.
+
++f[)i]des+, -ei, _f._, faith, trustworthiness. (f[-i]do.)
+
++f[)i]des+, -is, _f._, string, stringed instrument, lyre; usually in
+plural only.
+
++f[-i]d[-u]cia+, -ae, _f._, trust, courage. (fido.)
+
++f[-i]lius+, -ii, _m._, son.
+
++fingo+, -nxi, -nctum, 3 _v. a._, I�form, fashion.
+
++f[-i]o+, factus, fi[)e]ri, _v. n._, (used as pass. of facio), I�am
+made, become.
+
++firmo+, 1 _v. a._, I strengthen. (firmus.)
+
++fl[-a]g[)i]tium+, -ii, _n._, shameful act, disgrace. (fl[-a]g[)i]to.)
+
++fl[)a]gro+, 1 _v. n._, I burn, blaze.
+
++fl[-a]vesco+, no perf. and sup., 3 _v. n._, I�become yellow. (Inceptive
+form of fl[-a]veo.)
+
++flecto+, -xi, -xum, 3 _v. a._, I�bend.
+
++fl[-o]s+, -[-o]ris, _m._, flower.
+
++fluctus+, -us, _m._, wave. (fluo.)
+
++fluito+, 1 _v. n._, I float. (Intensitive form of fluo.)
+
++f[)o]c[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, little hearth, brazier. (diminutive of
+focus.)
+
++f[)o]ris+, _adv._, out of doors, (f[)o]ris, a�door.)
+
++form[-i]do+, -[)i]nis, _f._, fear.
+
++fors+, +fortis+, _f._, chance.
+
++fort[)e]+, _adv._, by chance. (abl. of fors.)
+
++fortis+, -e, _adj._, brave.
+
++fort[)i]ter+, _adv._, bravely. (fortis.)
+
++fort[)i]t[-u]do+, -[)i]nis, _f._, bravery. (fortis.)
+
++fortu[)-i]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, accidental. (fors.)
+
++fr[-a]ter+, -tris, _m._, brother. (#phrat�r#, clansman.)
+
++fraud[)u]lentus+, -a, -um, _adj._, deceitful. (fraus.)
+
++fraus+, fraudis, _f._, deceit.
+
++frax[)i]nus+, -i, _f._, ash tree.
+
++fr[)e]m[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, roaring (fr[)e]mo.)
+
++fr[-e]num+, -i, _n._, bridle, bit.
+
++frons+, frondis, _f._, leafy branch, foliage.
+
++fr[-u]ges+, -um. Cf. frux.
+
++fr[-u]mentum+, -i, _n._, corn. (For frug[)i]mentum, cf. frux, fruor.)
+
++frustr[-a]+, _adv._, in vain. (Cf. fraus.)
+
++frux+, fr[-u]gis, _f._, fruit. Nom. sing. rare; more common in plural.
+(Cf. fruor.)
+
++f[)u]ga+, -ae, _f._, flight, (f[)u]gio, #pheug�#.)
+
++f[)u]g[)i]t[-i]vus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fugitive. (f[)u]gio.)
+
++fulgeo+, fulsi, no sup., 2 _v. n._, I�glitter. (Cf. fulgur, lightning.)
+
++fundo+, f[-u]di, f[-u]sum, 3 _v. a._, I�pour out, scatter.
+
++fundus+, -i, _m._, farm.
+
++furtim+, _adv._, secretly. (fur, thief.)
+
++f[-u]sus+. Cf. fundo.
+
+
++g[)a]lea+, -ae, _f._, helmet.
+
++Gall[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, belonging to Gaul, Gallic.
+
++Gallus+, -i, _m._, a Gaul.
+
++Gellius+, -ii, _m._, Gellius.
+
++g[)e]m[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, groan. (g[)e]mo.)
+
++gens+, gentis, _f._, clan, race, nation. (Cf. gigno, genus.)
+
++g[)e]nus+, -[)e]ris, _n._, race, kind. (#genos#, gens, gigno.)
+
++g[)e]ro+, gessi, gestum, 3 _v. a._, I�bear, I�carry�on.
+
++gesto+, 1 _v. a._, I carry. (Intens. of g[)e]ro.)
+
++gigno+, g[)e]nui, g[)e]n[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�produce. (Cf. gens,
+genus.)
+
++gl[)a]dius+, -ii, _m._, sword.
+
++gl[-o]ria+, -ae, _f._, renown, glory.
+
++Graec[-e]+, _adv._, in Greek.
+
++Graecia+, -ae, _f._, Greece.
+
++gr[-a]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, grass.
+
++gr[-a]m[)i]neus+, -a, -um, _adj._, made of grass. (gr[-a]men.)
+
++grandis+, -e, _adj._, great, large, abundant. Grandis natu, advanced in
+age.
+
++gr[-a]tia+, -ae, _f._, favour, influence, gratitude, thanks: with agere
+in plural only. In abl. grati�, for the sake of, with gen. (gratus.)
+
++gr[-a]t[)u]l[-a]tio+, -onis, _f._, rejoicing, congratulation.
+(gr[-a]t[)u]lor.)
+
++gr[-a]t[)u]lor+, 1 _v. dep._, I congratulate, give thanks. (gr[-a]tus.)
+
++g[)u]la+, -ae, _f._, throat.
+
+
++h[)a]beo+, 2 _v. a._, I have.
+
++h[)a]b[)i]to+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�inhabit, dwell in. (Intensitive of
+h[)a]beo.)
+
++haereo+, haesi, haesum, 2 _v. n._, I�stick�to.
+
++Hann[)i]bal+, -[)a]lis, _m._, Hannibal.
+
++haud+, _adv._, not.
+
++haurio+, hausi, haustum, 4 _v. a._, I�draw up, drink, tear open, wound.
+
++haut+ (or +haud+), _adv._, not.
+
++haut�qu[-a]�quam+, or +haud�qua�quam+, _adv._, by no means.
+
++Hercles+ (or Herc[)u]les), -is and -i. _m._, Hercules. For form Hercle,
+cf. iii.�1. note.
+
++h[-i]c, haec, h[-o]c+, _demonstr. pron._, this.
+
++h[-i]c+, _adv._, here.
+
++h[)i]l[)a]ris+, -e, _adj._, merry, amusing.
+
++hinc+, _adv._, hence. (hic.)
+
++hio+, 1 _v. n._, I open my mouth, gape. Rimis hiantem, with wide open
+clefts, lit., gaping open with clefts.
+
++Hisp[-a]nia+, -ae, _f._, Spain.
+
++Hisp[-a]n[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Spanish.
+
++histrio+, -[-o]nis, _m._, actor. (Etruscan word hister, an actor.)
+
++h[)o]di[-e]+, _adv._, to-day. (hoc die.)
+
++h[)o]diernus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of this day. (h[)o]die.)
+
++h[)o]mo+, -[)i]nis, _m._, man. (Cf. h[-u]m[-a]nus.)
+
++h[)o]nestus+, -a, -um, _adj._, honourable, proper, respectable.
+(h[)o]nor.)
+
++h[)o]nor+, or +h[)o]nos+, -[-o]ris, _m._, honour.
+
++H[)o]r[-a]tius+, -ii, _m._, Horatius.
+
++hortor+, 1 _v. dep._, I encourage, urge. (Cf. #ornumi#, #horm�#.)
+
++hospes+, -[)i]tis, _m._, host, guest, stranger. (Cf. hostis, stranger,
+enemy.)
+
++hosp[)i]ta+, -ae, _f._ (feminine form of hospes,) female host, guest,
+stranger.
+
++hostis+, -is, _c._, enemy.
+
++h[-u]ius�c[)e]�m[)o]di+, and +h[-u]ius�m[)o]di+, of this kind. (Cf.
+m[)o]dus.)
+
++h[)u]m[)e]rus+, -i, _m._, shoulder.
+
++h[)u]m[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, low, humble, insignificant. (h[)u]mus,
+ground.)
+
+
++i[)a]cio, i[)e]ci, iactum+, 3 _v. a._, I�throw.
+
++iam+, _adv._, already, now.
+
++[)i]b[)-i]+, _adv._, there, thereupon. (is.)
+
++[)i]b[)-i]dem+, _adv._, in the same place, immediately. (ibi, dem. cf.
+idem.)
+
++ictus+, -us, _m._, blow, stroke. (Obsolete _present_, ico and icio,
+I�strike.)
+
++idcirco+, _adv._, therefore. (id-circo.)
+
++[-i]dem+, +[)e][)a]dem+, +[)i]dem+, _pron._, same. (is, and suffix
+dem.)
+
++[)i]d[-o]neus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fit.
+
++[)i]g[)i]tur+, _conj._, then, therefore. (is, and suffix tur.)
+
++ign[-a]via+, -ae, _f._, cowardice. (in-gn[-a]vus, lazy, cowardly; from
+navus, or gnavus, busy.)
+
++ignis+, -is, _m._, fire.
+
++ign[-o]m[)i]nia+, -ae, _f._, disgrace. (in-n[-o]men, or gn[-o]men, loss
+of good name.)
+
++ign[-o]ro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�am ignorant of. (ign[-a]rus, for
+in-gnarus or -narus.)
+
++i�gnosco+, -n[-o]vi, n[-o]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�pardon, overlook.
+(in-gnosco or -nosco.)
+
++i�gn[-o]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unknown. (in�gnotus or notus.)
+
++[-i]lex+, -[)i]cis, _f._, holm-oak, or great scarlet oak. Quercus
+ilex�L.
+
++[-i]l[)i]co+ (or illico), _adv._, on the spot, immediately. (in, loco.)
+
++ill[)e]+, ill[)a], ill[)u]d, _demonstr. pron._, that,�he.
+
++ill[-i]c+, _adv._, in that place, there. (ille,�ce.)
+
++im�m[-o]b[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, motionless. (in, m[)o]veo.)
+
++imp[)e]dio+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[-i]tum, 4 _v. a._, I�hinder. (in, pes.)
+
++imp[)e]r[-a]tor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, general. (imp[)e]ro.)
+
++imp[)e]rium+, -ii, _n._, command, empire. (imp[)e]ro.)
+
++imp[)e]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I command, I�rule over (dat.).
+
++impetro+, 1 _v. a._, I accomplish, obtain.
+
++imp[)e]tus+, -us, _m._, attack, force. (in�peto, I�rush upon.)
+
++im�m[-i]tis+, -e, _adj._, stern.
+
++in+, _prep. gov. acc._ and _abl._, in, into, on, against.
+
++in�c[-e]do+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I�approach.
+
++incendium+, -ii, _n._, fire. (in-cendo, fr. in, candeo.)
+
++in�c[-i]do+, -c[-i]di, -c[-i]sum, 3 _v. a._, I�cut into, cut through,
+open. (in, caedo.)
+
++in�c[)i]pio+, -c[-e]pi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I�begin. (in, c[)a]pio,
+I�seize upon.)
+
++in�cl[-u]do+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�shut in. (claudo.)
+
++in�cogn[)i]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unknown. (in�cognosco.)
+
++in�c[)o]l[)u]mis+, -e, _adj._, uninjured, safe.
+
++in�cruentus+, -a, -um, _adj._, bloodless. (cruor.)
+
++in�curro+, -curri or -c[)u]curri, cursum, 3 _v. n._, I�rush into, rush
+against, attack.
+
++incursio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, inroad, attack. (in�curro.)
+
++ind[)e]+, _adv._, thence, thenceforward. (is.)
+
++in�d[-i]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�proclaim.
+
++Ind[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Indian.
+
++in�dignus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unworthy.
+
++in�d[-u]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring in, exhibit.
+
++induo+, -ui, -[-u]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�put on. (#endu�#.)
+
++ineptus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unsuitable, foolish. (in, aptus.)
+
++[)i]n�expl[)i]c[-a]b[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, hard to unfold, understand,
+intricate. (in, ex, plico, I�fold.)
+
++inf[)i]tiae+, -arum, _f._, denial. Only used in _acc. plur._ in phrase
+infitias ire, to deny. (infateor.)
+
++in�flo+, 1 _v. a._, I blow into or upon.
+
++informis+, -e, _adj._, shapeless. (forma.)
+
++infr[-a]+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, below. (For infer[)a], _sc._
+parte.)
+
++in�fringo+, -fr[-e]gi, -fractum, 3 _v. a._, I�break in upon, break.
+(frango.)
+
++ing[)e]nium+, -ii, _n._, nature, talent, genius. (in, gigno.)
+
++ingens+, -entis, _adj._, immense.
+
++in�gr[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, ungrateful.
+
++in�gr[)e]dior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I�step into, advance.
+(gr[)a]dior.)
+
++[)i]n�[)i]m[-i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, hostile; as _subst._, an enemy.
+(in, [)a]m[-i]cus.)
+
++in�[-i]quus+, -a, -um, unequal, unfair, dangerous. (in, aequus.)
+
++in�i[-u]r[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unsworn, relieved from oath. (in,
+i[-u]ro.)
+
++ini[-u]ria+, -ae, _f._, wrong, insult. (in, ius.)
+
++inl[)e]c[)e]bra+, or +ill[)e]c[)e]bra+, -ae, _f._, attraction,
+allurement. (illicio.)
+
++inlustris+, or +illustris+, -e, _adj._, famous. (inlustro, I�make
+light.)
+
++inm[-a]nis+, or +immanis+, -e, _adj._, fierce. (in, m[-a]nus, old Latin
+word = bonus: cf. manes, good spirits.)
+
++inmensus+, -a, -um, _adj._, immeasurable. (metior.)
+
++inm[)e]r[)i]to+, _adv._, undeservedly. (in, mereo.)
+
++in�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�send in, thrust in, carry
+in, incite or suborn against. Used absolutely, sc. equum, urge horse
+forward, vi.�9.
+
++in�mort[-a]lis+, or +im�mort[-a]lis+, -e, _adj._, immortal.
+
++in�[)o]p[-i]n[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unexpected. (in, [)o]p[-i]nor.)
+
++in�p[)e]r[-i]tus+, -a, -um, unskilled.
+
++in�perfectus+, -a, -um, _adj._, not thoroughly finished, unfinished.
+(f[)a]cio.)
+
++in�pl[-u]mis+, -e, _adj._, unfeathered, unfledged. (pl[-u]ma.)
+
++in�p[-o]no+, -p[)o]sui, -p[)o]s[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�place�on.
+
++inquam+, _v. n._, defective, I�say.
+
++in�qu[-i]ro+, -s[-i]vi, -s[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�search into, examine,
+(in, quaero.)
+
++in�r[-i]deo+, -r[-i]si, -r[-i]sum, 2 _v. a._ and _n._, I�laugh�at.
+
++ins[-a]nia+, -ae, _f._, madness. (s[-a]nus.)
+
++in�scendo+, -endi, -ensum, 3 _v. a._, I�climb up, mount. (scando.)
+
++in�s[)i]deo+, -s[-e]di, -sessum, 2 _v. n._, I�sit on, occupy,
+(s[)e]deo.)
+
++in�s[)i]diae+, -arum, _f._, _plur. only_, ambush, treachery.
+(ins[)i]deo.)
+
++insigne+, -is, _n._, badge, ornament. (in�signis, distinguished by a
+mark, signum.)
+
++in�sisto+, -stiti, no sup., 3 _v. n._, I�stand on, rest on, persist.
+
++in�s[)o]lens+, -entis, _adj._, unaccustomed to, with gen. (in,
+s[)o]leo.)
+
++ins[)o]lenter+, _adv._, haughtily. (in�solens.)
+
++in�specto+, 1 _v. a._, I look upon. (Frequentative of in�spicio, from
+specio.)
+
++instinctus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. instinguo.
+
++instinguo+, -nxi, -nctum, 3 _v. a._, I�incite. (Only in perf. part.
+pass. in classical writers.)
+
++inst[)i]tuo+, -ui, -[-u]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�determine. (st[)a]tuo.)
+
++in�sto+, -st[)i]ti, no sup., 1 _v. n._, I�stand upon, press upon,
+insist.
+
++in�struo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�build upon, I�draw up, arrange.
+
++in�suesco+, -[-e]vi, -[-e]tum, 3 _v. n._, I�am accustomed.
+
++ins[)u]la+, -ae, _f._, island, lodging-house.
+
++int[)e]ger+, -gra, -gram, _adj._, untouched, sound. (tango.)
+
++intell[)e]go+, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._, I�perceive, understand. (inter,
+l[)e]go.)
+
++inter+, _prep. gov. acc._, between, among.
+
++int[)e]r�[)e][-a]+, _adv._, meanwhile. (inter�ea, from�is.)
+
++inter�d[-i]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�forbid.
+
++int[)e]r�eo+, -ii, -[)i]tum, 4 _v. n._, I�die. (Lit., I�go among
+several things, and so, disappear.)
+
++inter�f[)i]cio+, -f[-e]ci, -fectum, 3 _v. a._, I�kill. (f[)a]cio, lit.,
+I�put between.)
+
++int[)e]rim+, _adv._, meanwhile. (inter, im old acc. of�is.)
+
++inter[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, ruin, death. (intereo.)
+
++interpres+, -[)e]tis, _com._, interpreter.
+
++inter�r[)o]go+, 1 _v. a._, I question, ask.
+
++int[)i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, inmost, superlative from [int[)e]rus, not
+found; cf. inter and intra], int[)e]rior.
+
++intr[-a]+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, within.
+
++in�tr[)e]p[)i]dus+, -a, -um, _adj._, fearless.
+
++intr[-o]�d[-u]co+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring in, introduce.
+
++intr[)o]�eo+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[)i]tum, 4 _v. n._, I�go in, enter.
+
++intr[-o]�gr[)e]dior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep._, I�step in, enter.
+(gr[)a]dior.)
+
++intr[-o]�rumpo+, -r[-u]pi, -ruptum, 3 _v. n._, I�burst into.
+
++in�v[)e]nio+, -v[-e]ni, -ventum, 4 _v. a._, I�come upon, find.
+
++in�v[-i]sus+, -a, -um, _adj._, hated. (in�v[)i]deo, I�look at with evil
+eye, hate.)
+
++ipse+, -a, -um, _demonstr. pron._, himself, herself, itself.
+
++[-i]ra+, -ae, _f._, anger.
+
++is, ea, id+, _demonstr. pron._, that, he, she,�it.
+
++ist[)e]+, -a, -[)u]d, _demonstr. pron._, that of yours, that near you.
+
++istic+, -aec, -oc or -uc, _demonstr. pron._, that of yours, that near
+you. (For iste�ce.)
+
++[)i]ta+, _adv._, thus, so.
+
++[-I]t[)a]lia+, -ae, _f._, Italy.
+
++[)i]tem+, _adv._, likewise, also. (is.)
+
++[)i]ter+, it[)i]n[)e]ris, _n._, journey. (eo.)
+
++[)i]t[)e]rum+, _adv._, a second time, again. (Acc. sing. of comparative
+form from�is.)
+
++[)i]t[)i]dem+, _adv._, in like manner. (ita, dem.)
+
++i[)u]beo+, iussi, iussum, 2 _v. a._, I�order.
+
++i[-u]cunde+, _adv._, pleasantly. (i[-u]cundus.)
+
++i[-u]cundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, pleasant, delightful. (i[)o]cus.)
+
++i[-u]dex+, -[)i]cis, _m._, judge. (ius, d[-i]co.)
+
++i[-u]d[)i]co+, 1 _v. a._, I judge, decide. (ius, d[-i]co.)
+
++I[-u]li[-a]nus+, -i, _m._, Julian.
+
++I[-u]p[)i]ter+ (or Iupp[)i]ter), I[)o]vis, _m._, Jupiter, Jove. (Iovis
+pater: cf. #Zeus pat�r#. Iovis from root div, bright.)
+
++i[-u]ro+ and i[-u]ror (_dep_.), 1 _v. a._, I�swear. (ius.)
+
++i[-u]s+, i[-u]ris, _n._, right, law, justice. (Root iu, join: cf.
+#zeugnumi#.)
+
++ius�iurandum+, iuris�iurandi, _n._, oath. (ius, i[-u]ro.)
+
++iustus+, -a, -um, _adj._, right, fair. (ius.)
+
+
++L.+, for Lucius.
+
++l[)a]bor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, toil, labour.
+
++L[)a]c[)e]daem[)o]nius+, -a, -um, _adj._, Lacedaemonian, Spartan.
+
++L[)a]c[-o]n[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Laconian, Lacedaemonian.
+
++l[)-a]cr[)i]mo+, 1 _v. n._, I weep. (l[)-a]cr[)i]ma: cf. #dakru#,
+tear.)
+
++laet[)i]tia+, -ae, _f._, joy. (laetus.)
+
++laetus+, -a, -um, _adj._, glad, rich.
+
++lambo+, -bi, -b[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�lick.
+
++l[-a]menta+, orum, _n._, _plur._ only, wailing, lamentation.
+
++l[-a]na+, -ae, _f._, wool.
+
++l[)a]nio+, 1 _v. a._, I tear, mangle. (Cf. l[)a]cer, torn to pieces.)
+
++lat[-e]+, _adv._, widely. (l[-a]tus.)
+
++l[)a]t[-e]bra+, -ae, _f._, hiding place. (l[)a]teo, I�lie hid.)
+
++l[)a]t[)-e]br[-o]sus+, -a, -um, _adj._, full of hiding places; hidden,
+retired. (l[)a]t[)-e]bra.)
+
++L[)a]t[-i]n[-e]+, _adv._, in Latin.
+
++L[)a]t[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Latin.
+
++l[-a]tro+, 1 _v. n._, I bark, bark�at.
+
++l[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, broad.
+
++l[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ of f[)e]ro.
+
++l[)a]tus+, -[)e]ris, _n._, side.
+
++laudo+, 1 _v. a._, I praise. (laus.)
+
++laurus+, -us, _f._, bay tree, laurel tree.
+
++laus+, laudis, _f._, praise.
+
++laxo+, 1 _v. a._, I loosen, relax. (laxus; cf. languidus.)
+
++l[-e]g[-a]tus+, -i, _m._, ambassador, lieutenant. (l[-e]go, -are,
+I�send with a charge, depute.)
+
++l[)e]go+, -lexi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�collect, choose out, read.
+(#leg�#, #logos#, dilegens.)
+
++l[-e]n[)i]ter+, _adv._, gently. (l[-e]nis: cf. lentus.)
+
++leo+, -[-o]nis, _m._, lion. #le�n.#
+
++l[)e]p[)i]d[-e]+, _adv._, charmingly, humorously. (l[)e]p[)i]dus.)
+
++l[)e]p[)i]dus+, -a, -um, _adj._, charming, humorous. (l[)e]pos, charm.)
+
++Lesbius+, -a, -um, _adj._, Lesbian, of Lesbos.
+
++l[)e]vo+, 1 _v. a._, I raise up, relieve. (Cf. +l[)e]vis+, light.)
+
++lex, l[-e]gis+, _f._, law.
+
++l[)i]benter+, _adv._, gladly, willingly. (l[)i]bet.)
+
++l[)i]ber+, -bri, _m._, book. (Lit., inner bark of tree.)
+
++l[-i]b[)e]r[-a]lis+, -e, _adj._, befitting a freeman, decorous, noble.
+(l[-i]ber.)
+
++l[-i]b[)e]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I set free. (l[-i]ber.)
+
++l[-i]bra+, -ae, _f._, pound. (Cf. #litra.#)
+
++l[)i]cet+, l[)i]cuit and l[)i]c[)i]tum est, 2 _v. n._, defective, it is
+allowable.
+
++ligneus+, -a, -um, _adj._., wooden. (lignum.)
+
++lignum+, -i, _n._, what is gathered (l[)e]go) as firewood, wood.
+
++l[-i]ne[-a]mentum+, -i, _n._, feature. (l[-i]nea, a�line.)
+
++lingua+, -ae, _f._, tongue.
+
++l[-i]s+, l[-i]tis, _f._, lawsuit.
+
++l[-i]tigi[-o]sus+, -a, -um, quarrelsome. (lis.)
+
++littera+ (or +l[-i]tera+), -ae, _f._, letter. (l[)i]no.)
+
++l[)o]cus+, -i, nom. plur. -i and -a, _m._, place, position, rank.
+
++long[-e]+, _adv._, far off, by far.
+
++longus+, -a, -um, _adj._, long, far off.
+
++l[)o]quor+, -c[-u]tus, 3 _v. dep._, I�speak, say.
+
++l[-o]rum+, -i, _n._, thong, leash.
+
++L[-u]cius+, -ii, _m._, Lucius.
+
++luctus+, -us, _m._, mourning. (l[-u]geo.)
+
++l[-u]geo+, -xi, [-ctum], 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I�mourn, mourn for.
+
++l[-u]g[)-u]bris+, -e, _adj._, mournful. (l[-u]geo.)
+
++L[-u]s[)i]t[-a]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of Lusitania.
+
++lux+, l[-u]cis, _f._, light, day. Lucis ortu, at sunrise; prim� luce,
+at dawn. (l[-u]ceo.)
+
+
++M.+, for Marcus.
+
++m[)a]gis+, _adv._, more: comparative degree from magn[)o]p[)e]re,
+magis, maxime. (Root magh: cf. #megas#.)
+
++m[)a]gister+, -tri, _m._, master. (m[)a]gis and comparative suffix
+ter.)
+
++magn[)i]t[-u]do+, -[)i]nis, _f._, size. (magnus.)
+
++magnus+, -a, -um, _adj._, great. (Root magh: cf. #megas#.)
+
++m[-a]ior, maius+, _adj._, comparative degree of magnus, maior,
+max[)i]mus.
+
++mand[-a]tum+, -i, _n._, command. (mando.)
+
++mando+, 1 _v. a._, I entrust, command, enjoin upon. Mando litteris,
+I�commit to writing. (manus,�do.)
+
++m[)a]neo+, -nsi, -nsum, 2 _v. n._, I�remain.
+
++Manlius+, -ii, _m._, Manlius.
+
++mans[)u][-e]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ from mansuesco, tamed, gentle.
+
++mans[)u][-e]sco+, -s[)u][-e]vi, s[)u][-e]tum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._,
+I�tame, grow tame. (Manus, suesco, I�accustom to the hand.)
+
++m[)a]nus+, -us, _f._, hand, band.
+
++Marcus+, -i, _m._, Marcus.
+
++m[)a]r[)e]+, -is, _n._, sea. (Root mar, to shine: cf. marmor.)
+
++m[)a]r[)i]t[)i]mus+, -a, -um, belonging to the sea, maritime. (mare.)
+
++m[)a]r[-i]tus+, -i, _m._, husband. (mas.)
+
++m[-a]ter+, -tris, _f._, mother. (#m�t�r#.)
+
++m[-a]ter�f[)a]m[)i]li[-a]s+, m[-a]tris�f[)a]m[)i]li[-a]s, _f._, mother
+of a family, matron.
+
++m[-a]tr[)i]m[-o]nium+, -ii, _n._, marriage. (m[-a]ter.)
+
++m[-a]tr[-o]na+, -ae, _f._, matron. (m[-a]ter.)
+
++m[-a]t[-u]resco+, -rui, no sup., 3 _v. n. inceptive_, I�become ripe.
+
++max[)i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, greatest; superlative degree, from
+magnus, maior.
+
++m[)e]deor+, no perf., 2 _v. dep._, I�cure.
+
++m[)e]d[)i]c[-i]na+, -ae, _f._, medicine, remedy. (From adj.
+m[)e]d[)i]c[-i]nus, _sc._ ars.)
+
++m[)e]d[)i]c[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, medical. (Cf. m[)e]deor.)
+
++m[)e]d[)i]cus+, -i, _m._, doctor. (Cf. m[)e]deor.)
+
++m[)e]dius+, -a, -um, _adj._, middle. (#mesos#.)
+
++membrum+, -i, _n._, limb.
+
++m[)e]m[)o]ria+, -ae, _f._, memory, recollection, story. (m[)e]mor.)
+
++m[)e]m[)o]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I call to remembrance, I�relate. (Cf.
+memoria.)
+
++M[)e]nander+, -dri, _m._, Menander. (#Menandros#.)
+
++mend[-a]cium+, -ii, _n._, lie. (mendax, mentior.)
+
++mens+, mentis, _f._, mind. (Root mem; cf. memini.)
+
++mentior+, 4 _v. dep._, I tell lies. (Lit., I�invent, root men: cf.
+mens.)
+
++merces+, -[-e]dis, _f._, price. (m[)e]reor, I�earn.)
+
++mercor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I buy. (merx, merchandise, m[)e]reor.)
+
++m[)e]reor+, 2 _v. dep._, I deserve, earn, (#meros#, share.)
+
++m[)e]r[-i]di[-a]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of mid-day. (mer[-i]dies for
+medi- dies, from m[)e]dius, dies.)
+
++messis+, -is, acc. -em and -im, _f._ harvest. (m[)e]to.)
+
++M[-e]thymnaeus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of Methymna. (#M�thumna#.)
+
++m[)e]to+, messui, messum, 3 _v. a._, I�reap. (Cf. messis.)
+
++m[)e]tus+, -us, _m._, fear.
+
++meus+, -a, -um, _adj._, my.
+
++m[)i]co+, -ui, no sup., 1 _v. n._, I�glitter.
+
++m[)-i]gro+, 1 _v. n._, I depart from, quit. (Cf. meo, I�go.)
+
++m[-i]les+, -[)i]tis, _c._, soldier.
+
++M[-i]l[-e]sius+, -a, -um, _adj._, of Miletus.
+
++M[-i]l[-e]tus+, -i, _f._, Miletus, a�town in Asia Minor. (#Mil�tos#.)
+
++m[-i]l[)i]t[-a]ris+, -e, _adj._, military. (m[-i]les.)
+
++M[)i]lo+, -[-o]nis, _m._, Milo.
+
++m[)i]nistro+, 1 _v. a._, I wait upon, serve up, hand. (m[)i]nister,
+servant.)
+
++m[)i]nor+, -us, _adj._, less. comparative of parvus. (Root min: cf.
+minuo, I�lessen.)
+
++m[)i]nor+, 1 _v. dep._, I threaten. (minae, threats.)
+
++m[-i]randus+, -a, -um, wonderful: _ger._ of m[-i]ror.
+
++m[-i]r[)i]f[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, causing wonder, marvellous.
+(m[-i]rus, f[)a]cio.)
+
++m[-i]ror+, 1 _v. dep._, I wonder at. (Cf. m[-i]rus.)
+
++m[-i]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wonderful.
+
++m[)i]ser+, -era, -erum, _adj._ wretched. (Root mi: cf. m[)i]nuo.)
+
++m[)i]serandus+, -a, -um, pitiable: _gerundive_ of m[)i]seror.
+
++m[)i]seror+, 1 _v. dep._, I pity. (m[)i]ser.)
+
++m[-i]tis+, -e, _adj._, gentle.
+
++M[)i]tr[)i]d[-a]tes+, -is and -i, _m._, Mitridates or Mithridates.
+
++mitto+, m[-i]si, missum, 3 _v. a._, I�send.
+
++m[-o]b[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, movable, fickle. (For movibilis, from
+m[)o]veo.)
+
++m[)o]destus+, -a, -um, _adj._, moderate, virtuous, discreet.
+(m[)o]dus.)
+
++m[)o]d[)o]+, _adv._, only. (Lit., by measure, m[)o]dus.)
+
++m[)o]dus+, -i, _m._, measure, manner. huiusmodi, of this sort.
+
++moenia+, -ium, _n._, plur. only, defensive walls, ramparts. (Cf.
+m[-u]nio.)
+
++mollis+, -e, _adj._, easy, soft, (moveo.)
+
++m[)o]neo+, 2 _v. a._, I warn, advise, remind.
+
++m[)o]n[-i]le+, -is, _n._, collar, necklace.
+
++m[)o]n[)i]mentum+, -i, _n._, monument. (m[)o]neo, I�remind.)
+
++mons+, montis, _m._, mountain.
+
++m[)o]r[)i]bundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, dying. (m[)o]rior.)
+
++m[)o]rior+, mortuus, 3 _v. n._, I�die.
+
++m[-o]r[-o]sus+, -a, -um, _adj._, bad-tempered.
+
++mors+, mortis, _f._, death. (Cf. m[)o]rior.)
+
++mos+, m[-o]ris, _m._, manner, custom. More ursino, like a bear. De
+more, according to custom, as usual.
+
++mox+, _adv._, soon.
+
++m[)u]li[-e]bris+, -e, _adj._, womanly, (m[)u]lier.)
+
++m[)u]lier+, -[)e]ris, _f._, woman.
+
++multo+ (or +mulcto+), 1 _v. a._, I�punish, fine.
+
++multus+, -a, -um, _adj._, many, much. Comp., pl[-u]s; sup.,
+pl[-u]r[)i]mus.
+
++mundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, clean, tidy.
+
++m[-u]n[-i]mentum+, -i, _n._, fortification. (m[-u]nio.)
+
++m[-u]nio+, 4 _v. a._, I fortify. (Cf. moenia, m[-u]rus.)
+
++murmur+, -[)u]ris, _n._, complaint.
+
++m[-u]rus+, -i, _m._, wall. (Root mu: cf. m[-u]nio, moenia.)
+
++m[-u]tuus+, -a, -um, _adj._, borrowed, lent. (m[-u]to, I�change.)
+
+
+
++nam+, _conj._, for.
+
++nanciscor+, nactus, and nanctus, 3 _v. dep._, I�obtain, reach.
+
++n[-a]ris+, -is, _f._, nostril, nose; usually in plural.
+
++narro+, 1 _v. a._, I tell, relate. (Cf. i�gnarus, nosco; root gna,
+know.)
+
++nascor+, n[-a]tus, 3 _v. dep._, I�am born, spring�up.
+
++n[-a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, race, nation. (nascor.)
+
++n[-a]t[-u]ra+, -ae, _f._, nature. Rediit in naturam, it returned to its
+natural position. (nascor.)
+
++n[-a]tus+, -us, _m._, birth, age. Natu grandis, advanced in age.
+(nascor.)
+
++nauta+. Cf. navita.
+
++n[-a]v[-a]lis+, -e, _adj._, naval. (n[-a]vis.)
+
++n[-a]vis+, -is, _f._, ship. (#naus#.)
+
++n[-a]v[)i]ta+ (or +nauta+), -ae, _m._, sailor. (n[-a]vis.)
+
++n[-e]+, _adv._ and _conj._, not, in order that not, lest.
+
++-n[)e]+, _enclitic interrog. particle._
+
++n[)e]b[)u]lo+, -[-o]nis, _m._, worthless fellow. (n[)e]b[)u]la, mist:
+cf. n[-u]bes, cloud.)
+
++n[)e]c+, neither, nor, and not.
+
++n[)e]cess[)e]+, _adj._, _nom._ and _acc. neuter_ only, necessary.
+
++n[)e]co+, 1 _v. a._, I kill. (Cf. #nekus#, corpse.)
+
++negl[)i]go+, and negl[)e]go, -exi, -ectum, 3 _v. a._, I�neglect. (nec,
+l[)e]go, I�do not pick�up.)
+
++n[)e]ego+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I�deny, refuse.
+
++n[-e]mo+, -[)i]nis, _pron._, no one. (ne, h[)o]mo.)
+
++n[-e]�qu[-a]�quam+, _adv._, by no means.
+
++n[)e]qu[)e]+, neither, nor, and not.
+
++nex+, n[)e]cis, _f._, violent death. (n[)e]co.)
+
++n[-i]d[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, a little nest. (demin. of n[-i]dus.)
+
++n[)i]h[)i]l+, n[-i]l, _n._, _indecl._, nothing.
+
++n[)i]h[)i]lo+, by nothing; cf. n[)i]h[)i]lum. Used with comparatives,
+nihilo minus, none the less.
+
++n[)i]h[)i]lum+, -i, _n._, nothing.
+
++n[)i]mis+, _adv._, too much.
+
++n[)i]m[)i]um+, _adv._ and _subst._, too much.
+
++n[)i]�s[)i]+, _conj._, unless.
+
++n[-i]tor+, n[-i]sus and nixus, 3 _v. dep._, I�strive.
+
++n[-o]b[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, celebrated, noble. (For gnobilis, from
+nosco or gnosco.)
+
++n[-o]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, name. (Cf. nosco.)
+
++non+, _adv._, not.
+
++non�n[)e]+, _interrog. adv._, is not?
+
++non�nullus+, -a, -um, _adj._, some, several.
+
++nos+, _plur._ of ego, we. (Cf. #n�#.)
+
++nos met�ipsi+, we ourselves.
+
++nosco+, n[-o]vi, n[-o]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�know. (Or gnosco, root gno: cf.
+n[-o]men, n[-o]bilis.)
+
++noster+, -tra, -trum, _adj._, our. (n[-o]s.)
+
++n[-o]ta+, -ae, _f._, mark, brand. (nosco.)
+
++n[-o]tus+, -a, -um, known, _part._ from nosco.
+
++n[)o]vem+, _numer._, nine.
+
++n[)o]vus+, -a, -um, _adj._, new.
+
++nox+, noctis, _f._, night. (#nux#.)
+
++noxa+, -ae, _f._, injury, harm. (n[)o]cco.)
+
++n[-u]bo+, -psi, -ptum, 3 _v. n._, I�am married (of the woman), with
+_dative_. (Lit., I�veil myself: cf. n[-u]bes.)
+
++n[-u]dus+, -a, -um, _adj._, bare, unarmed.
+
++nullus+, -a, -um, _adj._, none. (ne�ullus.)
+
++n[-u]men+, -[)i]nis, _n._, nod, will, divinity. (nuo.)
+
++n[)u]m[)e]rus+, -i, _m._, number. (Cf. #nem�#, I�distribute, nummus.)
+
++nunc+, _adv._, now. (num�ce: cf. #nun#.)
+
++nunquam+, _adv._, never. (ne-unquam.)
+
++nuntio+, 1 _v. a._, I announce, report. (Cf. n[)o]vus.)
+
++nusquam+, _adv._, nowhere. (ne-usquam.)
+
+
+
++[)o]b+, _prep. gov. acc._, on account�of.
+
++ob�i[)i]cio+, and +[-o]b[)i]cio+, obi[-e]ci, obiectum, 3 _v. a._,
+I�throw before, I�reproach with. (j[)a]cio.)
+
++ob�l[)i]no+, -l[-e]vi, -l[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�smear over.
+
++[)o]b�oedio+, 4 _v. n._, I obey, with dative. (ob, audio.)
+
++[)o]b�[)o]rior+, -ortus, 4 _v. dep._, I�grow, spring�up.
+
++ob�p[)e]to+ (or +op�peto+), -[-i]vi or -ii, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._,
+I�encounter.
+
++ob�pugno+ (or +op�pugno+), 1 _v. a._, I�fight against, attack.
+
++ob�s[)e]cro+, 1 _v. a._, I beseech, entreat. (sacro, lit., I�ask on
+religious grounds, ob sacrum.)
+
++ob�s[)i]deo+, -s[-e]di, -sessum, 2 _v. n._, I�besiege. (s[)e]deo.)
+
++obs[)i]dio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, siege. (obs[)i]deo.)
+
++ob�servo+, 1 _v. a._, I notice, attend�to.
+
++ob�t[)i]neo+, -ui, -tentum, 2 _v. a._, I�hold. (t[)e]neo.)
+
++ob�v[)e]nio+, -v[-e]ni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I�come in way of, fall to
+lot�of.
+
++ob�viam+, _adv._, with dative, in the way. Obviam ire, progredi, etc.,
+alicui, to meet anyone. (via.)
+
++ob�vius+, -a, -um, _adj._, in the way. (via.)
+
++oc�c[-i]do+, -c[-i]di, c[-i]sum, 3 _v. a._, I�kill. (caedo.)
+
++occ[)u]po+, 1 _v. a._, I seize, take hold of. (ob, c[)a]pio.)
+
++octo+, _num._, eight. (#okt�#.)
+
++oct[-o]ginta+, _num._, eighty.
+
++[)o]c[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, eye. (Cf. #osse#, the two eyes; #ossomai#,
+I�see.)
+
++of�f[)e]ro+, obt[)u]li, obl[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�offer, present.
+
++off[)i]cium+, -ii, _n._, service, work, duty. (For opificium, opus,
+f[)a]cio.)
+
++[)o]lea+, -ae, _f._, olive tree. (#elaia#.)
+
++[)o]le[-a]g[)i]neus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the olive. ([)o]lea.)
+
++[)o]leum+, -i, _n._, olive oil. (#elaion#.)
+
++[)o]�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�neglect. (ob, mitto,
+I�let�go.)
+
++omnis+, -e, _adj._, all.
+
++[)o]p[)e]ra+, -ae, _f._, work. (Cf. [)o]pus.)
+
++[)o]p[-i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, rich, fat, choice.
+
++[)o]p[-i]nio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, opinion, supposition. (op[-i]nor.)
+
++opp[)e]rior+, -per[-i]tus and -pertus, 4 _v. dep._, I�wait for. (Cf.
+experior and peritus, from obsolete perior.)
+
++opp[)i]dum+, -i, _n._, town.
+
++op�pleo+, -[-e]vi, -[-e]tum, 2 _v. a._, I�fill�up.
+
++op�pr[)i]mo+, -essi, -essum, 3 _v. a._, I�press against, oppress,
+crush. (pr[)e]mo.)
+
++[ops]+, [)o]pis, _f._, nom. sing. not used, power, wealth, help. (Cf.
+[)o]pulentus.)
+
++opt[)i]mus+, -a, -um, superlative of b[)o]nus. (Cf. ops.)
+
++opto+, 1 _v. a._, I wish for. (Root op, pick out: cf. #opsomai#.)
+
++opt[)u]lit+ (or obt[)u]lit), fr. off[)e]ro.
+
++[-o]r[-a]c[)u]lum+, -i, _n._, oracle, ([-o]ro.)
+
++[)o]r[-a]tio+, -onis, _f._, speech, ([-o]ro.)
+
++[)O]restes+, -is or -i, Orestes. (#Orest�s#.)
+
++[)o]rior+, ortus, 4 _v. dep._, I arise. Sol oriens, sunrise. (Cf.
+#ornumi#.)
+
++orn[-a]tus+, -us, _m._, attire. (orno.)
+
++orno+, 1 _v. a._, I adorn.
+
++[-o]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I pray for, beg. ([-o]s.)
+
++orthius+, -a, -um, _adj._, high. Carmen orthium, #nomos orthios#: cf.
+note xxxv.�21.
+
++ortus+, -us, _m._, rising. ([)o]rior.) solis ortu, at sunrise.
+
++[-o]s+, [-o]ris, _n._, mouth, face.
+
++[)o]s+, ossis, _n._, bone. (#osteon#.)
+
++Osc[-e]+, _adv._, in Oscan.
+
++ostendo+, -di, -sum and -tum, 3 _v. a._, I�show. (obs�tendo.)
+
++ostento+, 1 _v. a._, I show; freq. form fr. ostendo.
+
++[-o]ti[-o]sus+, -a, -um, _adj._, unoccupied, free, quiet. ([-o]tium.)
+
+
++P.+ for Publius, -ii, _m._, Publius.
+
++p[-a]b[)u]lum+, -i, _n._, food. (pasco.)
+
++p[)a]ciscor+, -i, pactus, 3 _v. dep._, _a._ and _n._, I�agree, bargain.
+(Cf. pax, pactum.)
+
++pactum+, -i, _n._, agreement, manner. (p[)a]ciscor.)
+
++p[)a]lam+, _adv._, openly.
+
++P[)a]l[-a]tium+, -ii, _n._, the Palatine hill.
+
++palma+, -ae, _f._, palm.
+
++palmes+, -[)i]tis, _m._, vine-shoot. (palma.)
+
++p[)a]l[-u]s+, -[-u]dis, _f._, marsh. (#p�los#, mud.)
+
++pango+, p[)e]p[)i]gi, pactum (also panxi and p[-e]gi, panctum), 3 _v.
+a._, I�settle. (Cf. pax.)
+
++P[)a]p[-i]rius+, -ii, _m._, Papirius.
+
++p[-a]r+, p[)a]ris, _adj._, equal.
+
++parco+, p[)e]perci, rarely parsi, parc[)i]tum and parsum, 3 _v. n._,
+with dat., I�spare.
+
++p[)a]rens+, -entis, _c._, parent. (p[)a]rio.)
+
++p[-a]reo+, 2 _v. n._, with dative, I�obey.
+
++p[)a]rio+, p[)e]p[)e]ri, p[)a]r[)i]tum and partum, 3 _v. a._, I�beget,
+produce.
+
++pars+, partis, _f._, part, side.
+
++partus+, -us, _m._, birth, offspring. (p[)a]rio.)
+
++p[)a]rum+, _adv._, too little. (Cf. parvus.)
+
++parvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, small. (Cf. paucus.)
+
++pastus+, -us, _m._, food, pasture. (pasco.)
+
++p[)a]ter+, p[-a]tris, _m._, father. (#pat�r#, root pa: cf. pasco.)
+
++p[)a]tior+, passus, 3 _v. dep._, I�suffer, allow. Aegre passus,
+displeased.
+
++paucus+, -a, -um, _adj._, few. (Root pau: cf. #pauros#, paulus.)
+
++paul[-a]tim+, _adv._, by degrees, gradually. (paulus, little.)
+
++p[)a]v[)e]�f[)a]cio+, -f[-e]ci, -factum, 3 _v. a._, I�terrify.
+(p[)a]veo.)
+
++pax+, p[-a]cis, _f._, peace. (Root pac, make firm: cf. paciscor, pango,
+#p�gnumi#.)
+
++pectus+, -[)o]ris, _n._, breast: mind.
+
++p[)e]c[-u]nia+, -ae, _f._, money. (p[)e]cus, cattle being the original
+standard of value.)
+
++p[)e]dester+, -tris, -tre, _adj._, on foot; in plur. as subst.,
+foot-soldiers. (pes.)
+
++P[)e]lasgus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Pelasgian.
+
++P[)e]l[)o]ponnensi[)a]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Peloponnesian.
+
++p[)e]n[)i]tus+, _adv._, deeply, thoroughly.
+
++per+, _prep. gov. acc._, through.
+
++per�callesco+, -lui, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I�am well versed in, know
+well. (Inceptive form from per�calleo: cf. call[)i]dus.)
+
++per�contor+, 1 _v. dep._, I enquire.
+
++per�cr[-e]besco+ (or +per�crebresco+), bui (or brui), no sup., 3 _v.
+n._, I�spread abroad. (creber.)
+
++per�c[)u]tio+, cussi, cussum, 3 _v. a._, I�strike. securi percutio,
+I�behead. (qu[)a]tio.)
+
++per�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�lose.
+
++p[)e]ren�die+, _adv._, on the day after to-morrow. (#peran#, dies.)
+
++p[)e]r�eo+, -ii or -[-i]vi, -[)i]tum, 4 _v. n._, I�pass away, die.
+
++per�f[)o]dio+, -f[-o]di, -fossum, 3 _v. a._, I�dig through, pierce
+through.
+
++P[)e]riander+, -dri, _m._, Periander.
+
++P[)e]r[)i]cles+, -is or -i, _m._, Pericles.
+
++p[)e]r[-i]c[)u]lum+, -i, _n._, danger.
+
++p[)e]r[-i]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, skilled. (_Part._ fr. obsolete perior:
+cf. op�perior.)
+
++per�m[-e]tior+, -ensus, 4 _v. dep. a._, I�measure through, travel over.
+
++per�mitto+, m[-i]si, missum, 3 _v. a._, I�suffer, allow.
+
++per�m[)o]veo+, -m[-o]vi, -m[-o]tum, 2 _v. a._, I�move thoroughly,
+rouse, disturb.
+
++per�m[-u]t[-a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, exchange. (per�m[-u]to.)
+
++per�m[-u]to+, 1 _v. a._, I exchange.
+
++per�p[)e]tior+, pessus, 3 _v. dep. n._, and _a._, I�suffer, endure.
+(p[)a]tior.)
+
++per�su[-a]deo+, -su[-a]si, su[-a]sum, 2 _v. a._, I�convince, persuade.
+
++per�taedet+, -taesum est, 2 _v. n._, impersonal; it thoroughly wearies.
+(Acc. of person affected, and gen. of thing or person causing the
+weariness.)
+
++per�v[)e]nio+, -v[-e]ni, -ventum, 4 _v. n._, I�arrive�at.
+
++p[-e]s+, +p[)e]dis+, _m._, foot. (Cf. #pous, podos#.)
+
++pest[)i]lentia+, -ae, _f._, plague. (pestis.)
+
++P[)e]t[-i]lius+, -ii, _m._, Petilius.
+
++p[)e]to+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�seek, ask for. (Lit.,
+to fall upon: cf. #pipt�#.)
+
++p[)e]t[)u]lantia+, -ae, _f._, impudence. (Obsolete p[)e]t[)u]lo: cf.
+p[)e]to.)
+
++ph[)a]l[)e]rae+, -arum, _f._, _plur._ only, ornaments for chests and
+foreheads of horses. (#phalara#.)
+
++Ph[)i]l[-e]mon+ (or +Ph[)i]l[-e]mo+), -[-o]nis, _m._, Philemon.
+(#Phil�m�n#.)
+
++ph[)i]l[)o]s[)o]phus+, -i, _m._, philosopher. (#philosophos#.)
+
++Phrygia+, -ae, _f._, Phrygia.
+
++p[)i]get+, p[)i]guit and p[)i]g[)i]tum est, 2 _v. n._ (rarely used
+personally), it troubles, displeases.
+
++pinna+, or +penna+, -ae, _f._, feather. (Root pet: cf. #petomai#,
+I�fly.)
+
++P[-i]raeus+, -i, the Piraeus, port of Athens.
+
++pius+, -a, -um, _adj._, dutiful, kind.
+
++pl[)a]ceo+, 2 _v. n._, I am pleasing; often used impersonally, placet
+mihi, it pleases me, seems good to me, is my opinion; of the senate, it
+is resolved, determined.
+
++pl[)a]c[)i]d[-e]+, _adv._, gently, quietly. (pl[)a]c[)i]dus,
+pl[)a]ceo.)
+
++pl[-a]n[-e]+, _adv._, clearly, plainly. (pl[-a]nus, level.)
+
++plebs+, plebis (or +pl[-e]bes+, -ei and -is), _f._, the common people.
+
++pl[-e]rus�que+, -aque, -umque, _adj._, very many, most. (plerus: cf.
+pl[-e]nus, root ple, fill.)
+
++pl[-u]mo+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�cover, or am covered with, feathers,
+am fledged. (pl[-u]ma.)
+
++pl[-u]s+, pl[-u]ris, _adj._, more: comparative of multus.
+
++Pl[-u]tarchus+, -i, _m._, Plutarch.
+
++p[-o]c[)u]lum+, -i, _n._, cup, goblet. (Cf. p[-o]tus, a�draught.)
+
++Poen[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._ Cf. Poenus.
+
++Poenus+, -a, -um, Punic, Carthaginian. Cf. ix.�8 note.
+
++poena+, -ae, _f._, punishment, penalty. (#poin�#, punio, poeniteo.)
+
++P[)o]lus+, -i, _m._, Polus.
+
++Pompt[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Pomptine, _i.e._ near Pometia, in
+Latium.
+
++p[-o]mum+, -i, _n._, fruit or apple.
+
++pondo+, _adv._, in or by weight. (pondus.)
+
++pondus+, -[)e]ris, _n._, weight. (pendo, I�hang�up.)
+
++p[-o]no+, p[)o]sui, p[)o]s[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�place.
+
++pons+, pontis, _m._, bridge. (prop, a�path, #patos#, German Pfad, esp.
+across a river: cf. Pontifex.)
+
++Pontus+, -i, _m._, district in Asia Minor.
+
++p[)o]p[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, people.
+
++porgere+. Cf. porrigo.
+
++porr[)i]go+, -rexi, -rectum, 3 _v. a._, I�stretch out. (Several
+contracted forms, porgere, porge, porgite, etc.) (pro, rego.)
+
++posco+, p[)o]posci, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I�demand.
+
++possies+, _old pres. subj._ of possum, for possis.
+
++possum+, p[)o]tui, posse, _v. n._, I�am able. (p[)o]tis, sum.)
+
++post+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, afterwards, after.
+
++poste[-a]+, _adv._, afterwards. (post, ea, from�is.)
+
++post[)e]rior+, -us, comparative fr. posterus.
+
++post[)e]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, coming after; as _subst._, descendant.
+(post, _comp._ post[)e]rior, _sup._ postr[-e]mus.)
+
++post�hac+, _adv._, after this, henceforth.
+
++postl[-i]m[)i]nium+, -ii, _n._, return to rank and privileges. Cf. note
+xl.�13. (post, limen, usual derivation.)
+
++post�quam+, _conj._, after that.
+
++postr[-e]mus+, -a, -um, last; superlative from post[)e]rus. ad
+postremum, at last.
+
++postr[-i]di[-e]+, _adv._, on the next day. (post[)e]rus, dies.)
+
++post[)u]l[-a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, demand. (post[)u]lo.)
+
++post[)u]l[-a]tum+, -i, _n._, demand. (post[)u]lo.)
+
++post[)u]lo+, 1 _v. a._, I demand. (posco.)
+
++p[)o]tior+, 4 _v. dep._, I obtain possession of; with gen. and abl.
+(p[)o]tis, able.)
+
++p[)o]tius+, _adv._, rather; only used in comparative p[)o]tius, and
+superl. p[)o]tissime. (fr. p[)o]tis, -e, _adj._, p[)o]tior,
+p[)o]tissimus.)
+
++praebeo+, 2 _v. a._, I offer, give.
+
++praeceps+, -[)i]p[)i]tis, _adj._, head-first, headlong, (prae,
+c[)a]put.)
+
++prae�c[-i]do+, -c[-i]di, -c[-i]sum, 3 _v. a._, I�cut off. (caedo.)
+
++prae�c[)i]pio+, -c[-e]pi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I�take beforehand,
+I�instruct. (c[)a]pio.)
+
++prae�cl[-a]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, famous.
+
++praeda+, -ae, _f._, booty, spoil.
+
++prae�d[)i]co+, 1 _v. a._, I proclaim, declare publicly.
+
++praedium+, -ii, _n._, farm, estate.
+
++praefectus+, -i, _m._, a man placed over, overseer, prefect. (prae,
+f[)a]cio.)
+
++prae�for+, 1 _v. dep._, I say beforehand.
+
++prae�fulgeo+, -si, no sup., 2 _v. n._, I�glitter.
+
++praemium+, -ii, _n._, reward.
+
++prae�m[)o]neo+, 2 _v. a._, I forewarn, admonish beforehand.
+
++praesens+, -entis, _adj._, present. (praesum.)
+
++prae�ses+, -[)i]dis, _adj._, protecting; as _subst._, ruler. (prae,
+s[)e]deo.)
+
++prae�sto+, -[)i]ti, -[)i]tum (rarely -[-a]vi, -[-a]tum), 1 _v. n._ and
+_a._, I�am superior, I�surpass.
+
++praeter+, _prep. gov. acc._, besides, except. (prae, and suffix ter.)
+
++praeter[)i]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ fr. praetereo, past.
+
++praet[)e]r�eo+, -ii or -[-i]vi, [)i]tum, 4 _v. n._ and _a._, I�pass�by.
+
++praetext[-a]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, wearing the toga praetexta.
+
++pr[)e]ti[-o]s[-e]+, _adv._, expensively, splendidly. (pr[)e]ti[-o]sus:
+cf. pr[)e]tium.)
+
++pr[)e]tium+, -ii, _n._, price.
+
++pr[-i]mum+, _adv._, at first. Ubi, or cum, primum, as soon�as.
+
++pr[-i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, first, _superl._; no positive; _comp._
+prior. (Cp. priscus.)
+
++princ[)i]pium+, -ii, _n._, beginning. (princeps.)
+
++prior+, -us, _adj._, former, _comp._; (Cf. pr[-i]mus.)
+
++prius+, _adv._, before. (prior.)
+
++prius�quam+, _conj._, before that.
+
++pro+, _prep. gov. abl._, before, for, in proportion�to.
+
++pr[-o]�c[-e]do+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I�advance.
+
++pr[-o]c[-e]r[)i]tas+, -[-a]tis, _f._, height. (pr[-o]c[-e]rus.)
+
++pr[-o]c[-e]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, tall. (procello.)
+
++pr[-o]�cons[)u]l[-a]ris+, -e, _adj._, proconsular, acting instead of a
+consul.
+
++pr[)o]c[)u]l+, _adv._, absolutely, or with _abl._, with or without
+'ab'; at a distance, far from. Dubio procul, without doubt.
+
++pr[)o]�c[-u]ro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�take care�of.
+
++pr[-o]d�eo+, -ii, -[)i]tum, -ire, 4 _v. n._, I�come forward, (pro,�eo.)
+
++pr[-o]�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�give forth, report,
+relate; I�betray.
+
++proelium+, -ii, _n._, battle.
+
++pr[-o]�f[)e]ro+, -t[)u]li, -l[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�bring forth,
+I�prolong.
+
++pr[)o]�f[)i]ciscor+, -fectus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I�set out. (pro,
+f[)a]cio.)
+
++pr[)o]�fundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, deep; as _subst._ profundum, -i (_sc._
+mare), deep sea.
+
++pr[-o]�gr[)e]dior+, -essus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I�advance. (gr[)a]dior.)
+
++pr[)o]�ind[-e]+, _adv._, just so, just�as.
+
++pr[-o]�i[)i]cio+, or +pr[-o]�[)i]cio+, -i[-e]ci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._,
+I�throw forward, thrust forward. (i[)a]cio.)
+
++pr[-o]�mitto+, -m[-i]si, -missum, 3 _v. a._, I�send forth; I�say
+beforehand, promise.
+
++pr[-o]�m[)o]veo+, -m[-o]vi, -m[-o]tum, 2 _v. a._, I�move forward, cause
+to advance.
+
++promptus+, -us, _m._, readiness. in promptu esse, to be at hand, ready.
+(pr[-o]mo, I�take forth.)
+
++pr[-o]�nuntio+, 1 _v. a._, I proclaim, announce.
+
++pr[)o]pe+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, near, almost: pr[)o]pe,
+pr[)o]pius, prox[)i]m[-e].
+
++pr[)o]p[)e]ro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�hasten. (pr[)o]p[)e]rus, quick.)
+
++pr[)o]pinquus+, -a, -um, near, neighbouring; as _subst._, a�neighbour.
+(pr[)o]pe.)
+
++propter+, _prep. gov. acc._, on account of. (for propiter, fr.
+pr[)o]pe.)
+
++propt[)e]r�e[-a]+, _adv._, on account of those things, therefore.
+
++pr[-o]�pugno+, 1 _v. n._, I fight in front of, fight for, defend.
+
++pr[-o]�r[)i]pio+, -r[)i]pui, -reptum, 3 _v. a._, I�drag forth; se
+proripere, to rush forth, take refuge in. (r[)a]pio.)
+
++prorsus+, _adv._, forward, directly. (pro, versus.)
+
++pr[-o]�s[)e]quor+, -c[-u]tus, 3 _v. dep. a._, I�follow.
+
++prospectus+, -us, _m._, view. (prosp[)i]cio.)
+
++prosp[)e]r[-e]+, _adv._, successfully. (prosp[)e]rus, from prospe,
+answering to hope.)
+
++pr[-o]�sum+, -fui, pr[-o]desse, _v. n._, I�am of use�to.
+
++Pr[-o]t[)a]g[)o]ras+, -ae, _m._, Protagoras.
+
++pr[-o]-tendo+, -di, -sum and -tum, 3 _v. a._, I�stretch forth.
+
++pr[-o]�t[)i]nus+, _adv._, forthwith. (t[)e]nus, _prep._, as far�as.)
+
++pr[-o]�v[)e]ho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�carry forward; in _pass._,
+I�go forward, I�sail, etc.
+
++pr[-o]�v[)i]dens+, -entis, _part._ of prov[)i]deo, careful.
+
++pr[-o]�v[)i]deo+, -v[-i]di, -v[-i]sum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I�foresee,
+I�am careful.
+
++pr[-o]vincia+, -ae, _f._, sphere of duty, province.
+
++pr[-o]�v[)o]co+, 1 _v. a._, I call forth, challenge.
+
++prox[)i]m[-e]+, _adv._, and _prep._ with _acc._, very near: super. fr.
+pr[)o]pe.
+
++prox[)i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, very near: [pr[)o]pis obsolete],
+pr[)o]pior, prox[)i]mus. (Cf. pr[)o]pe.)
+
++pr[-u]dens+, -entis, _adj._, foreseeing, discreet. (For pro�v[)i]dens.)
+
++publ[)i]c[-e]+, _adv._, in behalf of the state.
+
++p[)u]dor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, shame, modesty. (p[)u]deo.)
+
++puer+, -[)e]ri, _m._, boy.
+
++pugna+, -ae, _f._, battle, contest. (Root pug, strike: cf. pugil,
+pugno.)
+
++pugno+, 1 _v. a._, I fight. (pugna.)
+
++pulchr[)i]t[-u]do+, -[)i]nis, _f._, beauty. (pulcher.)
+
++pullus+, -i, _m._, young animal or bird.
+
++p[-u]nio+, -[-i]vi or ii, [-i]tum, 4 _v. a._, I�punish. (poena.)
+
++puppis+, -is, _f._, stern, poop of ship.
+
++purgo+, 1 _v. a._, I make clean, clear. (p[-u]rus, [)a]go.)
+
++p[)u]to+, 1 _v. a._, I think. (Lit., I�trim, arrange, and so reckon,
+think; root, pu, cleanse: cf. purus.)
+
++Pyrrhus+, -i, _m._, Pyrrhus.
+
+
++qu[-a]dr[-a]gint[-a]+, _num._, forty.
+
++quaero+, -s[-i]vi or -sii, s[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�seek, inquire for,
+ask.
+
++quaeso+, -[-i]vi or -ii, no sup., 3 _v. a._, I�seek, beg. Used
+parenthetically, 'pray.'
+
++quaestus+, -us, _m._, gain, business. (quaero.)
+
++qu[-a]lis+, -e, _adj. pron._, of what kind; talis ... qualis, such ...
+as. (quis.)
+
++quam+, _conj._ and _adv._, than, as. (qui.)
+
++quam�ob�rem+, _adv._, _relative_ and _interrog._, wherefore.
+
++quam�quam+, _conj._, although.
+
++quantus+, -a, -um, _adj._, how great, as great. (quam.)
+
++qu[)a]s[)i]+, _adv._, as if, just as. (quamsi.)
+
++quattuord[)e]cim+ (or quatuord[)e]cim), _numer._, fourteen.
+
++-qu[)e]+, _enclitic conj._, and.
+
++qu[)e]o+, -[-i]vi and -ii, -[)i]tum, -ire, 4 _v. n._, I�am able.
+
++quercus+, -us, _f._, oak.
+
++qui+, quae, quod, _rel. pron., indef. adj. pron._ and _inter. adj.
+pron._, who, what.
+
++qu[)i][)a]+, _conj._, because. (For qui-am, qu�-iam, whereby now.)
+
++qu[-i]dam+, quaedam, quoddam (and quiddam, _subst._), _indef. pron._,
+a�certain one.
+
++qu[)i]dem+, _adv._, indeed.
+
++qu[)i]es+, -[-e]tis, _f._, rest.
+
++qu[)i]esco+, -[-e]vi, -[-e]tum, 3 _v. n._, I�rest, (quies.)
+
++qu[-i]n+, _conj._, that not, but that, but indeed, rather; _interrog._,
+why not? (qui,�ne.)
+
++quin�d[)e]cim�v[)i]r+, -i, a quindecimvir, one of the college of 15 men
+who had charge of the Sibylline books.
+
++quinqu[)e]+, _numer._, five.
+
++quinqu[)i]es+, _adv._, five times.
+
++quis+, quid, _inter. pron._, who? which?
+
++quis+, qua, quid, _indef. pron._, any.
+
++quis�nam+, quidnam, _inter. pron._, who, which, what pray? whoever?
+
++quis�piam+, quaepiam, quodpiam (and _subst._, quidpiam or quippiam),
+_indef. pron._, any, some.
+
++quis�qu[)e]+, quaeque, quodque (and _subst._, quidque or quicque),
+_indef. pron._, each, every.
+
++quis�quam+, quaequam, quicquam or quidquam, _indef. pron._, anyone.
+
++quo+, _adv._ and _conj._, for which reason, in order that, so that.
+(qui.)
+
++quod+, _conj._, because, that. (qui.)
+
++qu[)o]n[)i]am+, _adv._, since, because. (quom for cum, iam.)
+
++qu[)o]qu[)e]+, _conj._, also.
+
+
++r[-a]dix+, -[-i]cis, _f._, root. (Cf. ramus, branch; #rhixa#, root.)
+
++r[)a]p[)i]dus+, -a, -um, _adj._, swift. (r[)a]pio.)
+
++r[)a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, reason, account. (reor.)
+
++r[)e]�c[-e]do+, -cessi- -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I�fall back, withdraw.
+
++r[)e]�c[)i]pio+, -c[-e]pi, -ceptum, 3 _v. a._, I�take back, receive.
+(c[)a]pio.)
+
++r[)e]�c[)i]to+, 1 _v. a._, I read out, repeat.
+
++r[)e]�condo+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�put back, hide.
+
++r[)e]cord[-a]tio+, -onis, _f._, recollection. (re�cordor: cf. cor.)
+
++r[)e]�cumbo+, -c[)u]bui, 3 _v. n._, I�lie down again.
+
++r[)e]�c[)u]p[)e]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I recover. (c[)a]pio.)
+
++r[)e]�curvo+, no perf., -[-a]tum, 1 _v. a._, I�bend back.
+
++red�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�give back, render, impart,
+restore. (re,�do.)
+
++r[)e]d�eo+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[)i]tum, -ire, 4 _v. n._, I�go back.
+
++r[)e]d[)i]tus+, -us, _m._, return. (r[)e]deo.)
+
++r[)e]�f[)e]ro+, r[-e]t[)u]li (and rett[)u]li), r[)e]l[-a]tum, 3 _v.
+a._, I�bring back, return, turn back, attribute.
+
++r[)e]�f[)u]gio+, -f[-u]gi, no sup., 3 _v. n._ and _a._, I�flee back,
+flee away, escape.
+
++regnum+, -i, _n._, kingdom. (rex.)
+
++r[)e]go+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�rule, direct. (rex.)
+
++r[)e]�gr[)e]dior+, -gressus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I�return. (gr[)a]dior.)
+
++reicit+, for reiicit.
+
++r[-e]�i[)i]cio+, or +r[-e]�[)i]cio+, -i[-e]ci, -iectum, 3 _v. a._,
+I�throw back, postpone. (i[)a]cio.)
+
++r[)e]l[)i]cus+. Cf. reliquus.
+
++r[)-e]l[)i]gio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, religious scruple, obligation.
+
++r[)e]�linquo+, -l[-i]qui, -lictum, 3 _v. a._, I�leave behind.
+
++r[)-e]l[)i]qu[)i]ae+, -arum, _pl._ only, remains. (r[)e]l[)i]quus.)
+
++r[)e]l[)i]quus+ (or relicus), -a, -um, _adj._, remaining.
+(r[)e]linquo.)
+
++r[)e]m[)e]dium+, -ii, _n._, remedy, cure. (re, m[)e]deor.)
+
++r[)e]�m[-o]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ from rem[)o]veo, retired, distant.
+
++r[)e]�m[)o]veo+, -m[-o]vi, m[-o]tum, 2 _v. a._, I�move back, withdraw.
+
++reor+, r[)a]tus, 2 _v. dep. a._, I�believe, think.
+
++r[)e]pent[-e]+, _adv._, suddenly. (r[)e]pens, sudden.)
+
++r[)e]�p[)e]to+, -[-i]vi or -ii, -[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�seek again.
+Memori� repeto, I�call to mind.
+
++r[)e]�qu[-i]ro+, -s[-i]vi or -sii, -s[-i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�seek again,
+seek for. (quaero.)
+
++r[-e]s+, rei, _f._, thing, deed.
+
++re�scindo+, -sc[)i]di, -scissum, 3 _v. a._, I�tear open.
+
++re�scr[-i]bo+, -psi, -ptum, 3 _v. a._, I�write back.
+
++re�spondeo+, -di, -sum, 2 _v. n._, I�reply. (Lit., I�promise in
+return.)
+
++res�publ[)i]ca+, reipublicae, _f._, state.
+
++r[)e]�surgo+, -surrexi, -surrectum, 3 _v. n._, I�rise again.
+
++r[)e]�t[)i]neo+, -ui, -tentum, 2 _v. a._, I�hold back, keep.
+(t[)e]neo.)
+
++r[)e][)u]s+, -i, _m._, defendant in an action, culprit. (res.)
+
++r[)e]�vello+, -velli, -vulsum and -volsum, 3 _v. a._, I�pull away, pull
+out.
+
++r[)e]�verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. n._, I�turn back, return.
+
++r[)e]vertor+, -versus, 3 _v. dep. n._, I�turn back, return.
+
++r[)e]�vincio+, -nxi, -nctum, 4 _v. a._, I�bind back, fasten.
+
++r[)e]�v[)o]lo+, no perf. or sup., are, 1 _v. n._, I�fly back.
+
++rex+, r[-e]gis, _m._, king. (r[)e]go.)
+
++rh[-e]tor+, -[)o]ris, _m._, teacher of oratory, rhetorician.
+(#rh�t�r#.)
+
++r[-i]deo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I�laugh, laugh at, mock.
+
++r[-i]ma+, -ae, _f._, crack, cleft.
+
++r[-i]t[)e]+, _adv._, duly, fitly. (ritus, religious observance.)
+
++r[)o]go+, 1 _v. a._, I ask for, ask.
+
++R[-o]ma+, -ae, _f._, Rome.
+
++R[-o]m[-a]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Roman.
+
++rostrum+, -i, _n._, beak, prow. (r[-o]do, I�gnaw.)
+
++r[)u]bus+, -i, _m._, bramble. (r[)u]ber, red.)
+
++r[)u]dis+, -e, _adj._, rough.
+
++rursum+ and rursus, _adv._, again. (For revorsum, from re�verto.)
+
++rust[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the country, rural, rustic. (rus.)
+
+
++s[)-a]cr[-a]rium+, -ii, _n._, shrine, sacristy. (s[)a]cer, sacred.)
+
++saep[)e]+, _adv._, often. (Obsolete adj. saepis, frequent.)
+
++saep[)e]�n[)u]m[)e]r[-o]+, _adv._, often.
+
++saevio+, -ii, -[-i]tum, 4 _v. n._, I�rage, am fierce. (saevus.)
+
++s[)a]lum+, -i, _n._, the open sea. (#salos#.)
+
++s[)a]l[-u]s+, -[-u]tis, _f._, safety. (Cf. salvus.)
+
++salvus+, -a, -um, _adj._, safe.
+
++Samnis+, -[-i]tis, _adj._, Samnite.
+
++sangu[)i]n[)o]lentus+, -a, -um, blood-stained. (sanguis.)
+
++s[)a]n[)i]es+ (-em, -e, no genitive nor plural), _f._, corrupted blood,
+matter. (sanguis.)
+
++s[)a]piens+, -entis, _adj._, wise. (s[)a]pio.)
+
++s[)a]t[)i]ra+, or s[)a]t[)u]ra, -ae, _f._, a�satire.
+
++s[)a]tis+, _adv._, sufficiently.
+
++sc[)a]teo+, no perf. or sup., -[-e]re, 2 _v. n._, I�bubble, flow forth;
+bubble over with: with _abl._
+
++scio+, -[-i]vi, -[-i]tum, 4 _v. a._, I�know.
+
++Sc[-i]pio+, -[-o]nis, _m._, Scipio.
+
++sc[-i]t[-e]+, _adv._, cleverly, skilfully. (scio.)
+
++sc[)o]p[)u]lus+, -i, _m._, rock. (#skopelos#.)
+
++scr[-i]bo+, -psi, -ptum, 3 _v. a._, I�write. (#graph�#, schreiben.)
+
++scriptor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, writer, author. (scr[-i]bo.)
+
++sc[-u]tum+, -i, _n._, shield. (#skutos#.)
+
++s[-e]+, and s[-e]s[-e], _gen._ sui, _reflex. pron._, himself, herself,
+itself.
+
++s[-e]cessus+, -us, _m._, withdrawal. (s[-e]�c[-e]do.)
+
++s[-e]�cum+, for cum se, with himself, etc.
+
++s[)e]cundum+, _prep. gov. acc._, following after, according to.
+(s[)e]quor.)
+
++s[)e]cundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, following, second, favourable,
+(s[)e]quor.)
+
++s[)e]c[-u]ris+, -is, _f._, axe. securi percutio, I�behead. (s[)e]co.)
+
++s[-e]c[-u]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, free from care. (se, = sine, cura.)
+
++sed+, _conj._, but. sed enim, but indeed.
+
++s[)e]deo+, s[-e]di, sessum, 2 _v. n._, I�sit. (s[-e]des, ins[)i]diae.)
+
++s[)e]ges+, -[)e]tis, _f._, cornfield.
+
++s[-e]�l[-i]bra+, -ae, _f._, half pound. (semi, libra.)
+
++s[-e]mentis+, -is, _f._, seed, crop. (s[-e]men.)
+
++s[-e]�m[)e]t+, strengthened form of se.
+
++semper+, _adv._, always. (Cf. s[)e]mel.)
+
++s[)e]n[-a]tor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, Senator. (s[)e]nex.)
+
++s[)e]n[-a]tus+, -us, _m._, Senate.
+
++s[)e]n[-a]tus consultum+, -i, _n._, decree of Senate.
+
++sensim+, _adv._, slowly. (sentio, lit., perceptibly.)
+
++sententia+, -ae, _f._, way of thinking, opinion, decision. (sentio.)
+
++sentio+, -si- -sum, 4 _v. a._, I�perceive, judge, decide.
+
++sentis+, -is, _m._, rarely _f._, thorn.
+
++se�orsum+, _adv._, separately, (se, verto.)
+
++s[-e]�p[)a]ro+, 1 _v. a._, I separate. (p[)a]ro.)
+
++septem+, _numer._, seven. (Cf. #hepta#.)
+
++s[)e]pulcrum+, -i, _n._, tomb. (s[)e]p[)e]lio.)
+
++sermo+, -[-o]nis, _m._, speech. (s[)e]ro.)
+
++Sert[-o]rius+, -ii, _m._, Sertorius.
+
++servo+, 1 _v. a._, I preserve.
+
++servus+, -i, _m._, slave.
+
++sestertium+, -ii, _n._, a thousand sestertii. Cf. note vi.�4.
+
++s[)e]v[-e]r[-e]+, _adv._, austerely, severely.
+
++sex+, _numer._, six.
+
++sex[-a]ginta+, _numer._, sixty.
+
++si+, _conj._, if.
+
++S[)i]byll[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the Sibyl, Sibylline.
+(S[)i]bylla.)
+
++s[-i]c+, _adv._ so, thus. ut ... sic, _correlatives_, as ...�so.
+
++S[)i]c[-a]ni+, -orum, _m._, the Sicani.
+
++sicco+, 1 _v. a._, I dry. (siccus, dry.)
+
++S[)i]c[)i]lia+, -ae, _f._, Sicily.
+
++s[-i]c�[)u]t+, _adv._, just as, so as.
+
++sign[)i]f[)i]co+, 1 _v. a._, I show, make known, signify, beckon.
+(signum, f[)a]cio.)
+
++signum+, -i, _n._, sign, emblem.
+
++s[)i]lentium+, -ii, _n._, silence, (s[)i]leo.)
+
++silvestris+, -e, _adj._, woody. (silva.)
+
++s[)i]m[)u]l+, _adv._, at once, at same time.
+
++s[)i]m[)u]l[-a]crum+, -i, _n._, image, representation, appearance.
+(s[)i]m[)i]lis, s[)i]m[)u]lo.)
+
++s[)i]m[)u]lo+, 1 _v. a._, I pretend. (similis.)
+
++s[-i]n+, _conj._, but if. (si, ne.)
+
++s[)i]n[)e]+, _prep. gov. abl._, without.
+
++s[)i]no+, s[-i]vi, s[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�set down; I�allow.
+
++s[)i]nus+, -us, _m._, folds of garment, bosom.
+
++sisto+, stiti, statum, 3 _v. a._ and _n._, I�cause to stand, I�stand.
+Se sistere, to present oneself, appear, (sto, #hist�mi#.)
+
++s[)i]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ from s[)i]no, situated.
+
++s[-i]v[)e]+ (or seu), _conj._, or if. Sive ... sive, whether ...�or.
+
++s[-o]brius+, -a, -um, _adj._, not drunk, sober, moderate.
+
++S[-o]cr[)a]tes+, -is or -i, _m._, Socrates. (#S�krat�s#.)
+
++s[-o]l+, s[-o]lis, _m._, sun.
+
++s[-o]lemnis+ (or +solennis+ or +sollennis+), -e, _adj._, annual,
+stated, customary, solemn. (sollus, whole, cf. #holos#.)
+
++s[)o]leo+, -itus, 2 _v. n._, I am accustomed.
+
++sollers+, -ertis, _adj._, skilled: with gen. (sollus, whole.)
+
++s[-o]lus+, -a, -um, _adj._, alone. (Cf. sollus, whole.)
+
++solvo+, -lvi, -l[-u]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�release, set loose. (se�luo.)
+
++somnium+, -ii, _n._, dream. (somnus, #hupnos#.)
+
++s[)o]n[-o]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, loud. (s[)o]nus.)
+
++S[)o]phocles+, -is and -i, _m._, Sophocles. (#Sophokl�s#.)
+
++Sp.+ for +Spurius+, -i, _m._, Spurius.
+
++spargo+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�sprinkle, strew.
+
++sp[)e]c[)u]lor+, -atus, 1 _v. dep. a._, I�spy out, reconnoitre.
+(sp[)e]cio, sp[)e]c[)u]la, watch tower.)
+
++specto+, 1 _v. a._, I gaze at. (Intens. form of sp[)e]cio.)
+
++sp[)e]cus+, -us, _m._, cave.
+
++sp[-e]s+, -ei, _f._, hope. (Cf. sp[-e]ro.)
+
++splendor+, -[-o]ris, _m._, magnificence. (splendeo, I�shine.)
+
++sp[)o]lium+, -ii, _n._, spoil, booty.
+
++st[)a]tim+, _adv._, immediately. (sto.)
+
++st[)a]tus+, -us, _m._, position. (sto.)
+
++stirps+, stirpis, _f._, rarely _m._, stem, root.
+
++sto+, st[)e]ti, st[)a]tum, st[-a]re, 1 _v. n._, I�stand. (#ist�mi#.)
+
++st[)o]lo+, -[-o]nis, _m._, sucker of tree.
+
++str[-e]nuus+, -a, -um, _adj._, active, energetic. (Cf. #stereos#,
+hard.)
+
++struo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�build�up.
+
++st[)u]deo+, -ui, no sup., 2 _v. a._, I�am eager, I�strive.
+
++st[)u]dium+, -ii, _n._, zeal, study. (st[)u]deo.)
+
++stultus+, -a, -um, _adj._, foolish.
+
++st[)u]p[)e]�f[)a]cio+, -f[-e]ci, -factum, 3 _v. a._, I�make stupid or
+senseless; I�amaze. (st[)u]peo.)
+
++su[-a]deo+, -si, -sum, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I�persuade. (Cf. su[-a]vis.)
+
++s[)u]b+, _prep. gov. acc._ and _abl._, under.
+
++sub�do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�place under.
+
++subl[-a]tiss[)i]mus+, _superl._ of subl[-a]tus, from tollo, very high.
+
++s[)u]b[)o]les+, -is, _f._, shoot. (sub, [)o]lesco, grow.)
+
++sub�verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�overthrow.
+
++suc�c[-e]do+, -cessi, -cessum, 3 _v. n._, I�go under, go from under,
+ascend, advance. (sub, c[-e]do.)
+
++suffr[-a]gium+, -ii, _n._, vote.
+
++Sulla+, -ae, _m._, Sulla.
+
++sum+, fui, esse, _v. n._, I am.
+
++summus+, -a, -um, _adj._, highest; _superl._ fr. s[)u]p[)e]rus,
+s[)u]p[)e]rior, s[-u]pr[-e]mus or summus.
+
++s[)u]p[)e]r+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._ and _abl._, above, over,
+on, about.
+
++s[)u]perbia+, -ae, _f._, pride. (s[)u]perbus.)
+
++s[)u]perbus+, -a, -um, _adj._, proud, haughty. (s[)u]per.)
+
++s[)u]p[)e]rior+, -us, _adj._, higher, former; comp. fr. s[)u]p[)e]rus,
+sup[)e]rior, s[)-u]pr[-e]mus or summus.
+
++s[)u]p[)e]ro, 1+ _v. a._, I overcome. (s[)u]per.)
+
++s[)u]perstes+, -[)i]tis, _adj._, surviving.
+
++suppl[)i]cium+, -ii, _n._, punishment. (supplex.)
+
++sursum+, _adv._, from below. (sub-versum.)
+
++suus+, -a, -um, _reflex. adj. pron._, his own, her own, its own.
+
++synanch[-e]+, -es, _f._, (#sunanch�#), a�sore throat.
+
+
++T.+, for Titus, -i, _m._, Titus.
+
++t[)a]berna+, -ae, _f._, shop. (Cf. t[)a]b[)u]la, plank.)
+
++t[)a]b[)u]l[-a]t[-u]m+, -i, _n._, floor. (t[)a]b[)u]la, plank.)
+
++t[)a]ceo+, 2 _v. n._ and _a._, I�am silent, pass over in silence.
+
++t[)a]c[)i]tus+, -a, -um, _part._ from taceo, not spoken of, silent.
+
++taedium+, -ii, _n._, weariness. (taedet.)
+
++Taen[)a]rum+, -i, _n._, and Taen[)a]rus, -i, _m._ and _f._, Taenarum
+and Taenarus.
+
++t[)a]lentum+, -i, _n._, talent (sum of money, �243 15s.). (#talanton#.)
+
++t[-a]lis+, -e, _adj._, of such a kind, such.
+
++tam+, _adv._, so.
+
++t[)a]men+, _adv._, however.
+
++tam�quam+, _adv._, just as, as if, as it were.
+
++tandem+, _adv._, at last.
+
++tantus+, -a, -um, _adj._, so great.
+
++Tarqu[)i]nius+, -ii, _m._, Tarquin.
+
++t[-e]lum+, i., _n._, dart.
+
++temp[)e]rantia+, -ae, _f._, moderation, temperance. (temp[)e]ro,
+tempus.)
+
++tempest[-i]vus+, -a, -um, _adj._, seasonable, ripe. (tempus.)
+
++templum+, -i, _n._, temple.
+
++tempus+, -[)o]ris, _n._, time.
+
++t[)e]neo+, t[)e]nui, tentum, 2 _v. a._, I�hold, keep. Cursum teneo,
+I�hold on a course.
+
++t[)e]n[)u]is+, -e, _adj._, drawn out, thin, slender. (t[)e]neo.)
+
++terra+, -ae, land, country.
+
++terreo+, 2 _v. a._, I alarm. (#tre�#.)
+
++terr[)i]f[)i]cus+, -a, -um, alarming, terrible. (terreo, f[)a]cio.)
+
++tertius+, -a, -um, _adj._, third. (ter.)
+
++testis+, -is, _c._, witness. (testor.)
+
++Thr[-a]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, Thracian.
+
++Tib.+, for T[)i]b[)e]rius, -ii, _m._, Tiberius.
+
++t[-i]bia+, -ae, _f._, pipe, flute.
+
++t[-i]b[-i]c[-e]n+, -[)i]nis, _m._, flute-player. (For tib[)i][)i]cen,
+fr. t[-i]b[)i][)a], c[)a]no.)
+
++T[-i]m[)o]ch[)a]res+, -is and -i, _m._, Timochares.
+
++t[)o]ga+, -ae, _f._, a garment, a�toga. (t[)e]go.)
+
++tollo+, sust[)u]li, subl[-a]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�raise. (Cf. t[)u]li,
+t[)o]l[)e]ro.)
+
++Torqu[-a]tus+, -i, _m._, Torquatus.
+
++torques+ (and +torquis+), -is, _m._ and _f._, twisted necklace or
+collar. (torqueo.)
+
++torreo+, torrui, tostum, 2 _v. a._, I�roast.
+
++t[-o]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, all, whole.
+
++tracto+, 1 _v. a._, I handle, treat, polish. (Intens. of tr[)a]ho.)
+
++tr[-a]do+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�hand over, give up, hand
+down, relate. (trans,�do.)
+
++trans�curro+, -curri and -c[)u]curri, -cursum, 3 _v. n._, I�run past,
+I�pass.
+
++trans�[)i]go+, -[-e]gi, -actum, 3 _v. a._, I�drive through, I�pierce.
+([)a]go.)
+
++trans[)i]lio+, -[-i]vi or -ui, no sup., 4 _v. a._ and _n._, I�leap
+across, leap over. (trans, s[)a]lio.)
+
++tr[)e]m[)i]bundus+, -a, -um, _adj._, full of trembling. (tr[)e]mo.)
+
++tr[)e]p[)i]dans+, -antis, _part._ fr. trepido, trembling.
+
++tr[)e]p[)i]do+, 1 _v. n._, I am in a state of confusion or alarm. (Cf.
+#trep�#.)
+
++tr[-e]s+, tria, _numer._, three. (#treis, tria#.)
+
++tr[)i]b[-u]nus+, -i, _m._, tribune. (Lit., the chief of a tribe,
+tr[)i]bus.)
+
++tr[-i]duum+, -i, _n._, space of three days. (tres, dies, _sc._
+sp[)a]tium.)
+
++triennium+, -ii, _n._, space of three years. (tres, annus, _sc._
+sp[)a]tium.)
+
++tr[)i]g[)e]m[)i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, three born at a birth. (tres,
+geminus.)
+
++triumpho+, 1 _v. n._ and _a._, I�triumph. (triumphus.)
+
++triumphus+, -i, _m._, a triumph. (#thriambos#, procession in honour of
+Bacchus.)
+
++tu+, _pers. pron._, thou. (#su#.)
+
++tum+, _adv._, then.
+
++t[)u]multus+, -us, _m._, disturbance. (t[)u]meo.)
+
++tunc+, _adv._, then. (tum-ce.)
+
++turba+, -ae, _f._, uproar, crowd.
+
++turpis+, -e, _adj._, base.
+
++turris+, -is, _f._, turret, tower.
+
++t[-u]t[-e]+, _adv._, safely. (tutus.)
+
++t[-u]tor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I watch, defend. (tueor.)
+
++t[-u]tus+, -a, -um, _adj._, safe. (tueor.)
+
++tuus+, -a, -um, _adj._, thy. (tu.)
+
+
++[-u]ber+, -[)e]ris, _adj._, rich, fertile.
+
++[)u]b[)-i]+, _adv._, _relat._ and _interrog._, where, when. Ubi primum,
+as soon�as.
+
++[)u]b[-i]�qu[)e]+, _adv._, wherever, everywhere, anywhere.
+
++ullus+, -a, -um, _adj._, any. (For [-u]n[)u]lus, demin. of [-u]nus.)
+
++ult[)i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, farthest, super. fr. [ulter, obsolete;
+cf. ultra] ult[)e]rior, ultimus.
+
++ultr[-a]+, _adv._, and _prep. gov. acc._, beyond. (Cf. ult[)i]mus.)
+
++ultro+, _adv._, beyond, besides, of one's own accord. (Cf. ultimus.)
+
++unda+, -ae, _f._, wave.
+
++un�d[-e]�v[-i]c[-e]s[)i]mus+, -a, -um, _adj._, nineteenth.
+
++und[)i]qu[)e]+, _adv._, from or on all sides. (unde-que.)
+
++unguis+, -is, _m._, nail or talon. (#onux#.)
+
++[-u]n[)i]c[-e]+, _adv._, solely, especially. (un[)i]cus, unus.)
+
++[-u]n[)i]versus+, -a, -um, _adj._, all together. (unus, verto, turned
+into one.)
+
++unquam+, or +umquam+, _adv._, at any time, ever.
+
++[-u]nus+, -a, -um, _numer._, one.
+
++urb[-a]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the city. (urbs.)
+
++urb[)i]cus+, -a, -um, _adj._, of the city. (urbs.)
+
++urbs+, -is, _f._, city.
+
++urgeo+, ursi, no sup., 2 _v. a._, I�press on, press hard upon, urge.
+
++urna+, -ae, _f._, urn. (Properly a vessel of burnt clay; [-u]ro,
+I�burn.)
+
++urs[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, like a bear. (ursus.)
+
++usquam+, _adv._, anywhere, in anything. (For ubs�quam, from [)u]bi.)
+
++usqu[)e]+, _adv._, all the way, always. Usque adeo, to such an extent.
+(For ubs�que, from [)u]bi.)
+
++[-u]sus+, -us, _m._, use, advantage. ([-u]tor.)
+
++[)u]t+, [)u]t[-i], with _indic._, as, when; ut ... sic, _correlatives_,
+as ... so; with _subj._, in order that, so that.
+
++[)u]ter�qu[)e]+, [)-u]tr[)a]que, [)-u]trumque, _adj. pron._, both,
+each.
+
++[-u]t[)i]lis+, -e, _adj._, useful. ([-u]tor.)
+
++[-u]tor+, [-u]sus, 3 _v. dep._, I use; with _abl._
+
++[)-u]trum+, _interrog. adv._, whether. ([)u]ter.)
+
++uxor+, -[-o]ris, _f._, wife.
+
+
++v[)a]d[)i]m[-o]nium+, -ii, _n._, bail. (v[)a]s, a�surety.)
+
++v[)a]dor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I bind over by bail. (v[)a]s.)
+
++v[)a]leo+, 2 _v. n._, I am strong, I�am of value. In leave-taking,
+v[)a]l[-e], etc., farewell.
+
++V[)a]l[)e]rius+, -ii, _m._, Valerius.
+
++v[)a]l[)i]dus+, -a, -um, _adj._, strong. (v[)a]leo.)
+
++v[)a]l[-i]t[-u]do (or v[)a]l[-e]t[-u]do)+, -[)i]nis, _f._, health.
+(v[)a]leo.)
+
++vallum+, -i, _n._, a rampart with palisades. (vallus, a�stake.)
+
++v[)a]rius+, -a, -um, _adj._, diverse, different.
+
++vast[-u]s+, -a, -um, _adj._, empty, immense.
+
++-v[)e]+, _enclitic_, or.
+
++vecto+, 1 _v. a._, I carry. (_intens._ of v[)e]ho.)
+
++v[)e]ho+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. a._, I�carry.
+
++v[-e]lox+, -[-o]cis, _adj._, swift. (Cf. v[)o]lo, -[-a]re, I�fly.)
+
++v[)e]l�[)u]t+, +v[)e]l�[)u]ti+, _adv._, just as, as�if.
+
++v[-e]n[-a]tio+, -[-o]nis, _f._, hunting. (v[-e]nor.)
+
++vendo+, -d[)i]di, -d[)i]tum, 3 _v. a._, I�sell. (v[-e]num,�do.)
+
++v[)e]n[-e]num+, -i, _n._, poison.
+
++v[)e]nia+, -ae, _f._, pardon. Bon� veni�, by your kind leave.
+
++v[)e]nio+, v[-e]ni, ventum, 4 _v. n._, I�come.
+
++v[-e]nor+, 1 _v. dep. a._, I hunt.
+
++v[-e]num+, -i, _n._, sale. In classical writers only in acc. sing.
+
++vent[)i]to+, 1 _v. n._, I come frequently. (Intens. of v[)e]nio.)
+
++verber+, -[)e]ris, _n._, scourge, blow.
+
++verbum+, -i, _n._, word.
+
++Vergilius+, -ii, _m._, Vergil.
+
++v[-e]r[-o]+, _adv._, in truth, but indeed. (v[-e]rus.)
+
++versus+, -us, _m._, a line, verse. (verto.)
+
++vertex+, -[)i]cis, _m._, whirlpool, top, head. (verto.)
+
++verto+, -ti, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�turn; in _pass._ also with abl., I�turn
+upon, depend upon.
+
++v[-e]rus+, -a, -um, _adj._, true.
+
++vester+, -tra, -trum, _poss. pron._, your. (vos.)
+
++vest[-i]gium+, -ii, _n._, footprint, sole of foot. (vest[-i]go,
+I�track.)
+
++vestio+, 4 _v. a._, I clothe. (vestis, garment.)
+
++v[)e]tus+, -[)e]ris, _adj._, old.
+
++via+, -ae, _f._, road, way.
+
++v[)-i]bro+, 1 _v. a._ and _n._, I�brandish, I�shake.
+
++v[-i]c[)i]es+, _adv._, twenty times.
+
++v[-i]c[-i]nus+, -a, -um, _adj._, neighbouring; as _subst._,
+a�neighbour. (v[-i]cus, hamlet.)
+
++vict[-o]ria+, -ae, _f._, victory. (victor, vinco.)
+
++victus+, -us, _m._, food, way of life. (v[-i]vo.)
+
++v[)i]deo+, v[-i]di, v[-i]sum, 2 _v. a._, I�see; in _pass._, I�seem.
+Impersonally, videtur mihi, it seems good to�me.
+
++v[-i]ginti+, _numer._, twenty.
+
++v[)i]gor+, [-o]ris, _m._, force, strength. (v[)i]geo, I�flourish.)
+
++vincio+, -nxi, -nctum, 4 _v. a._, I�bind.
+
++vinco+, v[-i]ci, victum, 3 _v. a._, I�conquer.
+
++vind[)i]co+, 1 _v. a._, I avenge. (vim-dico, I�assert authority.)
+
++v[-i]num+, -i, _n._, vine, wine. (#oinos#.)
+
++vi[)o]lens+, -entis, _adj._, impetuous. (vis.)
+
++vir+, v[)i]ri, _m._, man, husband.
+
++virgultum+, -i, _n._, twig. (For virg[)u]l[-e]tum, fr. virg[)u]la,
+demin. of virga, branch, twig.)
+
++virt[-u]s+, -[-u]tis, _f._, valour. (vir.)
+
++vis+ (vim, vi, no _gen. sing._, _plur._ v[-i]res, etc.), _f._,
+strength, force. (#is#.)
+
++v[-i]so+, -si, -sum, 3 _v. a._, I�behold. (Intens. of v[)i]deo.)
+
++v[-i]ta+, -ae, _f._, life. (vivo.)
+
++v[-i]tis+, -is, _f._, vine.
+
++v[-i]vo+, -xi, -ctum, 3 _v. n._, I�live.
+
++v[)o]co+, 1 _v. a._, I call. (vox.)
+
++volgus+ (or +vulgus+), -i, _n._, rarely _m._, common people; in _abl._,
+volgo, as _adv._, commonly.
+
++v[)o]lo+, -ui, no sup., velle, 3 _v. a._, I�wish for. Quid hoc sibi
+vult, what does this mean.
+
++v[)o]lo+, 1 _v. n._, I fly.
+
++v[)o]lunt[-a]rius+, -a, -um, _adj._, voluntary. (v[)o]lo, I�wish.)
+
++vos+, _plur._ of tu, you.
+
++vox+, v[-o]cis, _f._, voice, expression. (v[)o]co.)
+
++vulgus+ and +vulgo+. Cf. volgus.
+
++vulnus+, or +volnus+, -[-e]ris, _n._, wound. (Cf. vello, I�tear.)
+
++vultus+, -us, _m._, countenance.
+
+
++Xanthippe+, -es, _f._, Xanthippe. (#Xanthipp�#.)
+
+
+
+
+ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.
+
+_For details about Latin words turn to the Latin-English Vocabulary._
+
+
++abandon+, desino.
+
++able, I am+, possum.
+
++about+, de.
+
++accompany+ (home), prosequor.
+
++accomplishment+, disciplina.
+
++account+, ratio.
+
++account, on account of+, propter.
+
++acquit+, absolvo.
+
++act+, ago.
+
++actor+, histrio, actor.
+
++adjourn+, profero, differo.
+
++administer+ (justice), dico (jus).
+
++advance+, incedo, procedo, prodeo, progredior.
+
++advanced+ (in age), grandis (natu).
+
++advantageous to+, e, ex.
+
++advise+, moneo.
+
++after+, post.
+
++afterwards+, postea, posthac.
+
++again+, denuo, iterum.
+
++against+, adversus, adversum, in.
+
++age+, natus.
+
++agree+, convenio.
+
++alarm, in+, trepidans.
+
++all+, omnis.
+
++allowed, it is+, licet.
+
++almost+, fere, prope.
+
++alone+, solus.
+
++alum+, alumen.
+
++ambassador+, legatus.
+
++amusing+, hilaris, iucundus.
+
++and+, et, atque, -que.
+
++animal+, bestia, fera.
+
++announce+, praedico.
+
++another+, alius.
+
++anxious+, cupidus.
+
++appear+, videor.
+
++appearance+, aspectus.
+
++apple-tree+, pomum.
+
++approve+, probo.
+
++arms+, arma.
+
++army+, exercitus.
+
++arouse+, excito.
+
++arrest+, adprehendo.
+
++as+, ut, velut.
+
++as if, as though+, quasi.
+
++ask+, interrogo, rogo; peto, oro.
+
++ask for+, peto, oro.
+
++ascribe+, acceptum refero.
+
++assembly+, contio.
+
++assist+, adiuvo.
+
++astound+, stupefacio.
+
++at+, in.
+
++athletics+, ars athletica.
+
++attack+, oppugno, pugno in, incurro.
+
++attendant+, aeditumus.
+
++attract attention+, converto oculos, animum.
+
++author+, scriptor.
+
+
++back, in the+, aversus.
+
++bad-tempered+, morosus.
+
++bail+, vadimonium.
+
++barbarian+, barbarus.
+
++bark+, latro.
+
++battle+, pugna, proelium.
+
++bear+ (_v._), fero.
+
++bear-like+, ursinus.
+
++beauty+, pulchritudo.
+
++because+, quod.
+
++beckon+, significo.
+
++before+, ante, coram.
+
++begin+, coepi.
+
++behead+, securi percutio.
+
++believe+, credo.
+
++bend+, flecto.
+
++besiege+, obsideo.
+
++betake+, adfero.
+
++bird+, avis.
+
++blaze+, flagro.
+
++block+, insula.
+
++blood-stained+, cruentus.
+
++blow+, verber.
+
++blush+, erubesco.
+
++bodily+, _genitive of_ corpus.
+
++body+, corpus.
+
++boldly+, intrepidus.
+
++bone+, os.
+
++book+, liber.
+
++both+, uterque,
+
++both ... and+, et ... et.
+
++boy+, puer.
+
++brand+ (with mark of infamy), adficio.
+
++brave+, fortis, strenuus.
+
++brazen+, aeneus.
+
++break+, infringo.
+
++bribery+, ambitus.
+
++bridge+, pons.
+
++bring+, fero.
+
++bring in+, introduco.
+
++brother+, frater.
+
++build+, struo, condo, congero.
+
++burn+, ardeo, deuro.
+
++but+, sed, at.
+
++buy+, emo, mercor.
+
++by no means+, nequaquam, haudquaquam.
+
+
++call+, appello, voco.
+
++called+, nomine.
+
++camp+, castra.
+
++can+, possum.
+
++carry+, fero, vecto.
+
++carry back+, refero.
+
++carry to+, asporto.
+
++case+, causa, res.
+
++cause+, (_v._), curo _with gerundive_.
+
++cautious+, cautus.
+
++cavalry+, equitatus.
+
++cave+, specus.
+
++cease+, omitto.
+
++censor+, censor.
+
++centre+, media pars.
+
++certain, a+ (_indef._), quidam.
+
++certainly+, procul dubio.
+
++challenge+, provoco.
+
++chance, by+, forte.
+
++chariot+, currus.
+
++charm+, demulceo.
+
++choose+, deligo, eligo.
+
++citizen+, civis.
+
++city+, urbs.
+
++city, in the+ (_adj._), urbanus, urbicus.
+
++clever+, astutus.
+
++collect+, comparo.
+
++come+, venio.
+
++come to+, pervenio.
+
++comedy+, comoedia.
+
++command+, imperium.
+
++command+ (army), rego.
+
++conceal+, celo.
+
++condemn+, condemno, damno.
+
++confidence+, confidentia.
+
++congratulation+, gratulatio.
+
++conquer+, vinco, supero.
+
++consider+, habeo; +I am considered+, videor, habeor.
+
++conspiracy+, coniuratio.
+
++consult+, consulo, consulto.
+
++contest+, certamen.
+
++control+, impero.
+
++conversation+, sermo.
+
++converse with+, colloquor.
+
++cook+, torreo.
+
++corn+, sementes.
+
++correct+, corrigo.
+
++country+ (_adj._), rusticus.
+
++courage+, animus.
+
++course+, cursus.
+
++cowardice+, ignavia.
+
++credulity+, credulitas.
+
++crop+, seges.
+
++crowd+, turba, caterva.
+
++crown+ (_s._), corona.
+
++crown+ (_v._), corono.
+
++cry+, conclamo.
+
++custom+, mos.
+
++cut off+, decido, praecido.
+
+
++daily+, quotidianus.
+
++dare+, audeo.
+
++dart+, telum.
+
++daughter+, filia.
+
++dawn+, prima lux.
+
++day+, dies.
+
++death+, mors, exitus e vita; (condemn to) +death+, capitis (damno.)
+
++deceive+, fallo.
+
++deed+, facinus, factum.
+
++defeat+, vinco, supero.
+
++defend+, defendo.
+
++defendant+, reus.
+
++demand+ (_s._), postulatum, postulatio.
+
++demand+ (_v._), posco.
+
++depart+, digredior.
+
++depend on+, vertor in.
+
++desert+ (_s._), locus desertus.
+
++desert+ (_v._), descisco ab.
+
++desire+, opto.
+
++despise+, contemno.
+
++difficulty, of+ (_adj._), difficilis.
+
++direct+, dirigo.
+
++discover+, detego.
+
++dissipate+, digero.
+
++distance, at a+, procul.
+
++distant+, longus.
+
++divine+, divinus.
+
++do+, facio.
+
++doe+, cerva.
+
++dog+, canis.
+
++dolphin+, delphin.
+
++dominion+, dicio.
+
++draw up+, instruo.
+
++dreadful+, inmanis.
+
++dream+, somnium.
+
++dress+, induo.
+
++drink+, haurio.
+
++drive+, cogo; (from home), exigo.
+
++duty+, officium.
+
++dying+, moribundus.
+
+
++each+, quisque.
+
++ear+, auris.
+
++easily+, faciliter.
+
++educate+, educo.
+
++eight+, octo.
+
++eighty+, octoginta.
+
++elephant+, elephantus.
+
++emblem+, signum.
+
++embrace+, amplector.
+
++endeavour+, conor.
+
++enemy+, hostis, inimicus.
+
++energetic+, acer.
+
++enormous+, ingens, vastus.
+
++enough+, satis.
+
++enter+, introeo, ascendo in.
+
++equal+, par.
+
++except+, nisi, praeter.
+
++exchange+, permutatio.
+
++exile+, exilium.
+
++expression+, vox.
+
++extraordinary+, egregius.
+
++eye+, oculus.
+
+
++fable+, fabula.
+
++face+, os.
+
++facing+, adversum, adversus.
+
++fall down+, concido.
+
++famous+, praeclarus, fam� celebri.
+
++farm+, fundus.
+
++father+, pater, paterfamilias.
+
++favourable+, mollis.
+
++fear+, metus.
+
++feature+, lineamentum.
+
++field+, ager.
+
++fight+, pugno.
+
++figure+, simulacrum.
+
++find+, invenio.
+
++fine+, pecunia.
+
++finger+, digitus.
+
++fire+, ignis, incendium.
+
++first+, primus.
+
++first at+, primum.
+
++fit+, aptus.
+
++five+, quinque.
+
++five times+, quinquies.
+
++flight+, fuga.
+
++flower+, flos.
+
++flute+, tibiae.
+
++flute-player+, tibicen.
+
++fly+, volo.
+
++foliage+, comae.
+
++follow+, prosequor.
+
++fond+, cupidus.
+
++food+, cibus, victus, pabulum.
+
++foot+, pes.
+
++for+, enim, nam.
+
++forbid+, interdico.
+
++forces+, copiae.
+
++foretell+, praedico.
+
++form+, conformo, fingo.
+
++formerly+, antea.
+
++fortify+, munio.
+
++free+, libero.
+
++friend+, amicus, familiaris.
+
++frighten+, consterno.
+
++from+, e, ex; a, ab.
+
++from all sides+, undique.
+
++front, in+, adversus.
+
++fruitful+, felix, fecundus, uber.
+
++full speed, at+, citato cursu.
+
+
++gain+, adipiscor, mihi obvenit.
+
++gain possession of+, potior.
+
++general+, imperator.
+
++gift+, praemium, donum.
+
++give+, do, reddo.
+
++give account of+, rationem reddo.
+
++give advice+, praecipio, moneo.
+
++give bail+, vadimonium dare, promittere.
+
++give thanks+, gratias ago.
+
++give vote+, sententiam fero.
+
++glitter+, mico.
+
++go+, eo, cedo.
+
++god+, deus.
+
++gold+ (_adj._), aureus.
+
++good+, bonus.
+
++good for, I am+, valeo.
+
++grass+, gramen.
+
++great+, magnus.
+
++greedy+, avarus.
+
++grieve+, doleo.
+
++groan+, gemitus edo.
+
++ground+, locus.
+
++grow+, nascor.
+
++guard+, custodio.
+
++guard, I am on my+, caveo.
+
+
++half+, dimidium.
+
++hand+, manus.
+
++hand to+, trado.
+
++happen+, fio, accido.
+
++harmless+, sine nox�.
+
++harsh+, asper.
+
++harvest+, messis.
+
++haste, make+, propero.
+
++haughtily+, per superbiam.
+
++have+, habeo.
+
++head+, caput.
+
++hear+, audio.
+
++health+, valetudo.
+
++heart+, cor.
+
++heaven, by+, divinitus.
+
++height+, proceries, magnitudo.
+
++help+ (_s._), auxilium.
+
++help+ (_v._), adjuvo.
+
++herself+, ipsa, se.
+
++hide+, recondo, delitesco.
+
++high, many stories+, multis tabulatis editus.
+
++his+, suus, ejus.
+
++hold on+, teneo.
+
++hollow+, caverna.
+
++home+, domus.
+
++honour+, honor; +in honour of+, ob honorem.
+
++honourable+, honestus.
+
++hope+, spes.
+
++horse+, equus.
+
++host+, hospes.
+
++house+, aedes.
+
++how+, quomodo.
+
++hundred+, centum.
+
++hunt+, venatio.
+
+
++ignorant+, imperitus.
+
++immediately+, statim.
+
++immense+, inmensus.
+
++impertinence+, petulantia.
+
++important+, magnus.
+
++in+, in.
+
++in honour of+, ob honorem.
+
++infamy+, ignominia.
+
++inflamed-throat+, synanche.
+
++inhabit+, incolo, colo.
+
++inroad+, incursio.
+
++insult+, contumeli� afficio.
+
++interpreter+, interpres.
+
++invent+, comminiscor.
+
+
++jeer at+, eludo, inrideo.
+
++judge+, iudex.
+
++justice+, ius.
+
+
++keep+, retineo.
+
++kill+, occido, interficio.
+
++king+, rex.
+
++know+, scio, percallesco.
+
+
++labour+, labor.
+
++lack+, desum.
+
++lame+, debilis.
+
++land+, terra.
+
++language+, lingua.
+
++large+, magnus, ingens.
+
++large sum of+, grandis.
+
++lark+, cassita.
+
++laugh at+, derideo.
+
++laurel+ (_s._), laurus.
+
++laurel+ (_adj._), laureus.
+
++law+, lex.
+
++law-suit+, lis.
+
++leader+, dux.
+
++leaf+, frons.
+
++leave+, relinquo.
+
++leg+, crus.
+
++lend+, dare ... mutuum.
+
++lick+, lambo, demulceo.
+
++lie+, mendacium.
+
++lies, tell+, mentior.
+
++life+, vita, caput.
+
++lifeless+, exanguis.
+
++like+, more (_with adj. or gen._).
+
++line+ (+of battle+), acies.
+
++linger+, demoror.
+
++lion+, leo.
+
++live+, vivo.
+
++loiterer+, cessator.
+
++long while, for a+, diu.
+
++loose, let+, emitto.
+
++lose+, amitto.
+
++loud+, sublatus, magnus.
+
++love+, amo.
+
++luxuriant+, laetus.
+
++lyre+, fides.
+
+
++mad, I am+, deliro.
+
++magnificence+, splendor.
+
++maintain+, retineo, contendo.
+
++make+, facio, reddo.
+
++make haste+, propero.
+
++man+, homo.
+
++manoeuvre+, converto.
+
++many+, multus.
+
++many sorts of+, varius.
+
++mark+, nota.
+
++marriage+, matrimonium.
+
++married to, I am+, nubo.
+
++marsh+, palus.
+
++marvellous+, mirandus.
+
++master+, dommus, magister.
+
++matron+, materfamilias.
+
++matter+, res.
+
++mean, what does this+, quid hoc sibi vult.
+
++medicine+, medicina, res medicina.
+
++meet+, obviam fio.
+
++mid-day+, (_s._), dies medius.
+
++mid-day+, (_adj._), meridianus.
+
++middle+, medius.
+
++military+, militaris.
+
++mimic hunt+, pugna venationis.
+
++modern+, praesens.
+
++money+, pecunia.
+
++mother+, mater.
+
++motionless+, immobilis.
+
++mount+, inscendo.
+
++mourn for+, lugeo.
+
++mourning+, habitus lugubris.
+
++mouth+, os.
+
++much+, multus, grandis.
+
++much+, as much as, tantus ... quantus.
+
++must+, necesse est.
+
++my+, meus.
+
++myself+, ego ipse.
+
+
++name+, nomen, cognomen.
+
++nation+, gens.
+
++natural position+, natura.
+
++near+, prope.
+
++necessary+, necesse.
+
++neck+, collum.
+
++neck-lace+, torquis.
+
++neglect+, negligo.
+
++neighbour+, vicinus.
+
++neighbouring+, proximus.
+
++nest+, nidus.
+
++never+, nunquam, nusquam.
+
++next+, posterus.
+
++next day+, postridie.
+
++night+, nox.
+
++nine+, novem.
+
++no one+, nemo, nullus.
+
++not+, non, haud.
+
++number+, numerus.
+
+
++oak+, quercus.
+
++oath+, iusiurandum.
+
++obey+, pareo.
+
++offer+, offero.
+
++offspring+, fetus.
+
++often+, saepe.
+
++old+, antiquus, vetus.
+
++old days, in+, antiquitus.
+
++old-fashioned+, priscus.
+
++old woman+, anus.
+
++olive+, oleum.
+
++on, in+, super.
+
++one+, unus.
+
++one day+, quodam die.
+
++only+, modo.
+
++opinion, I am of+, censeo.
+
++oppose+, loquor contra.
+
++oracle+, oraculum.
+
++order+, jubeo, impero.
+
++order that, in+, ut, quo.
+
++other+, alius.
+
++others, the+, ceteri.
+
++ought+, debeo, _or gerundive_.
+
++out of+, e, ex.
+
++own, his+, suus.
+
++owner+, dominus.
+
+
++palm+, palma.
+
++pardon+, poen� solvo.
+
++pass+ (sentence), fero (sententiam).
+
++pay+, do, solvo.
+
++peace+, pax.
+
++people+, populus, vulgus.
+
++perch on+, insisto.
+
++perfect+, integer.
+
++perform+, facio.
+
++perish+, pereo.
+
++persuade+, persuadeo.
+
++philosopher+, philosophus.
+
++pierce+, perfodio.
+
++pitiable+, miserandus.
+
++place+, (_s._), locus.
+
++place+ (hope), habeo (spem).
+
++place in+, condo.
+
++place on+, impono, pono.
+
++plague+, pestilentia.
+
++plain+, campus.
+
++plan+, consilium.
+
++plant+, consero.
+
++play+, cano.
+
++plead+, verba facere.
+
++poison+, venenum.
+
++polish+, tracto.
+
++position, natural+, natura.
+
++possession, take+, potior.
+
++praise+, laus.
+
++pray+, obsecro, oro.
+
++present+, dono, offero.
+
++pretend+, simulo.
+
++prevent, to+, ut ne, ne.
+
++price+, pretium.
+
++prisoner+, captivus.
+
++produce+, pario, edo, profero.
+
++promise+, promitto.
+
++proof+, argumentum.
+
++property+, praedium.
+
++propose+, censeo.
+
++provided with+, copiosus.
+
++prune+, amputo.
+
++publicly+, publice.
+
++pull out+, revello.
+
++pull up+, revello.
+
++punish+, vindico, punio, multo.
+
++pupil+, auditor.
+
+
++quarrelsome+, litigiosus.
+
+
++ravage+, depopulor.
+
++raven+, corvus.
+
++read+, recito.
+
++reap+, meto.
+
++receive+, accipio, fero.
+
++recover+, recupero.
+
++refuse+, nolo.
+
++rejoicing+ (_s._), laetitia.
+
++rejoicing+ (_adj._), laetus.
+
++relate+, narro, trado.
+
++relation+, cognatus.
+
++remain+, maneo.
+
++remaining+, reliquus.
+
++remains+, reliquiae.
+
++remarkable+, eximius.
+
++remedy+, remedium.
+
++reply+, respondeo.
+
++reproach+, obiicio.
+
++restore+, reddo.
+
++return+, redeo.
+
++returns+ (_s._), reditus.
+
++reward+, praemium.
+
++rise+, exurgo, resurgo.
+
++road+, via.
+
++roaring+, fremitus.
+
++room+, cubiculum.
+
++rough+, rudis.
+
+
++safe+, salvus, incolumis.
+
++safety+, salus.
+
++sailor+, nauta.
+
++same+, idem.
+
++save+, servo.
+
++say+, dico, narro.
+
++scorn+, aspernor.
+
++sea+, mare.
+
++search for+, quaero, requiro.
+
++seated on+, insidens.
+
++secret+, clandestinus, tacitus.
+
++secretly+, tacite.
+
++see+, video.
+
++sell+, vendo.
+
++senate+, senatus.
+
++senate-house+, curia.
+
++senator+, senator.
+
++send+, mitto.
+
++send for+, arcesso.
+
++sentence+, sententia.
+
++separate+, separo.
+
++shake+, vibro.
+
++shame+, pudor.
+
++shapeless+, informis.
+
++shield+, scutum.
+
++shine+, praefulgeo.
+
++ship+, navis.
+
++shoulder+, humerus.
+
++shout+, clamor.
+
++show+, ostendo.
+
++shut in+, includo.
+
++shut up+, claudo.
+
++sickle+, falx.
+
++siege+, obsideo.
+
++sigh+, murmura edo.
+
++sight+, aspectus.
+
++sight, in my+, me inspectante.
+
++silent, I am+, taceo.
+
++silently+, tacite.
+
++silver+ (_adj._), argenteus.
+
++sing+, cano.
+
++sister+, soror.
+
++sit+, sedeo.
+
++situated+, situs.
+
++six+, sex.
+
++size+, corpus.
+
++skill+, ars, disciplina.
+
++skilled+, peritus, sollers.
+
++slave+, servus.
+
++slay+, transigo.
+
++sleep+, quiesco.
+
++small+, parvus.
+
++smear+, lino.
+
++so+, ita, itaque.
+
++soldier+, miles.
+
++son+, filius.
+
++song+, carmen.
+
++soon+, mox.
+
++spare+, parco.
+
++speak+, loquor, dico, enuntio.
+
++spear+, telum.
+
++speed, at full+, citato cursu.
+
++speed+, celeritas.
+
++spoil+, praeda.
+
++spring into+, transilio.
+
++spring down+, desilio.
+
++stand+, sto.
+
++stand forth+, exto.
+
++stand still+, consisto.
+
++state+, respublica.
+
++stem+, lignum.
+
++stern+, puppis.
+
++story+, tabulatum (of house); apologus (tale).
+
++strength+, vis.
+
++strengthen+, firmo.
+
++stretch out+, protendo.
+
++strike+, percutio.
+
++strong+, validus, violentas.
+
++success, with+, prospere.
+
++such+, talis, ejusmodi.
+
++sucker+, suboles.
+
++suddenly+, repente.
+
++suffer from+, patior.
+
++summon+, arcesso.
+
++sunrise+, lucis ortus, sol oriens.
+
++supply+, copia.
+
++surpass+, praesto.
+
++surround+, cingo.
+
++sword+, gladius.
+
+
++tail+, cauda.
+
++take+, capio, fero.
+
++take from+, detraho.
+
++take to flight+, in fugam me proripio.
+
++take possession of+, potior.
+
++take refuge in+, concedo in.
+
++tale+, fabula.
+
++talent+, talentum.
+
++talk with+, colloquor.
+
++teach+, doceo.
+
++tear+, lanio.
+
++tear in pieces+, dilacero, discindo.
+
++tear open+, rescindo, divello.
+
++tell+, dico, narro, enuntio.
+
++tell lies+, mentior.
+
++temple+, templum.
+
++ten+, decem.
+
++term+, condicio.
+
++terrible+, terrificus.
+
++terrified+, territus.
+
++thank+, grates ago, gratias ago.
+
++thanks+, grates, gratiae.
+
++that+, ille, is.
+
++their+, suus, eorum, illorum.
+
++therefore+, itaque.
+
++thing+, res.
+
++think+, puto.
+
++third+, tertius.
+
++this+, hic.
+
++thorn+, stirps.
+
++though+, cum.
+
++three+, tres.
+
++three years+, triennium.
+
++through+, per.
+
++throw+, iacio, coniicio.
+
++throw away+, abiicio.
+
++throw down+, everto.
+
++thus+, ita, sic.
+
++time+, tempus.
+
++time, at the+, in praesens.
+
++tomb+, sepulcrum.
+
++to-morrow+, cras.
+
++towards+, ad.
+
++tower+, turris.
+
++town+, oppidum.
+
++trappings+, insignia.
+
++treachery+, insidiae.
+
++tree+, arbor.
+
++tribune+, tribunus.
+
++triumph+ (_s._), triumphus.
+
++triumph+ (_v._), triumpho.
+
++trust in+, confido.
+
++try+, experior, cognosco.
+
++turn to+ or +on+, refero.
+
++turret+, turris.
+
++twenty+, viginti.
+
++twenty-times+, vicies.
+
++twig+, virgultum.
+
++two+, duo.
+
+
++uncle+, patruus.
+
++understand+, intellego.
+
++undertake+, recipio.
+
++unfinished+, inperfectus.
+
++unfledged+, involucris.
+
++unsettled+, iniudicatus.
+
++unusual+, novus.
+
++unwilling, I am+, nolo.
+
++urn+, urna.
+
++use+, utor, expromo.
+
++useful+, utilis, magno usu _and_ magno usui.
+
+
++vain, in+, frustra.
+
++vast+, ingens.
+
++verdict, I give a+, pronuntio.
+
++verse+, versus.
+
++very+, admodum.
+
++victory+, victoria.
+
++vigour+, vigor.
+
++vine+, vinum.
+
++voice+, vox.
+
++voluntary+, voluntarius.
+
++vote+, sententia.
+
+
++wag+, moveo.
+
++war+, bellum.
+
++warn+, moneo, praemoneo.
+
++warrior+, bellator.
+
++wavering+, ambiguus.
+
++weary, I am, of this+, pertaedet me huius.
+
++weep+, lacrimo.
+
++weep for+, comploro.
+
++weight+, pondus.
+
++well-loved+, amatus.
+
++what+, quis.
+
++whatever+, quicumque.
+
++when+, ubi, cum.
+
++whenever+, ubicumque, cum.
+
++which+, qui.
+
++white+, albus.
+
++who+, quis, qui.
+
++whoever+, quicumque.
+
++whole+, totus.
+
++why+, cur.
+
++wife+, uxor.
+
++wild-beast+, fera, bestia.
+
++wild-beast, of a+, (_adj._), ferinus.
+
++willingly+, libenter.
+
++win+, vinco.
+
++win over+, comparo.
+
++with+, cum.
+
++wise+, sapiens.
+
++wish+, volo.
+
++woman+, mulier.
+
++woman, old+, anus.
+
++wonder at+, miror, admiror, demiror.
+
++wonderful+, minis, mirandus, mirificus.
+
++wooden+, ligneus.
+
++word+, verbum.
+
++worthy+, dignus.
+
++wound+ (_s._), vulnus.
+
++wound+ (_v._), haurio.
+
++write+, scribo.
+
++writer+, scriptor.
+
+
++you+, tu, vos.
+
++young man+, adulescens.
+
++young ones+, pulli.
+
+
+
+
+ORDER OF THE "STORIES" COMPARED WITH THE BOOKS OF THE "NOCTES ATTICAE."
+
+
+SELECTION.   NOCTES ATTICAE.
+
+    1.          xvii.  10
+    2.          xvii.   4
+    3.          xiii.   6
+    4.             i.  17
+    5.            ii.   1
+    6.             v.   2
+    7.            xv.  17
+    8.             i.  14
+    9.             v.   5
+   10.            xv.  16
+   11.             i.  23
+   12.             i.  23
+   13.            xv.  22
+   14.            xv.  22
+   15.             i.  19
+   16.            iv.  18
+   17.            iv.  18
+   18.     vi. (vii.)   1
+   19.             i.   3
+   20.             i.  10
+   21.            ix.  13
+   22.            ix.  13
+   23.            ix.  11
+   24.            ii.  29
+   25.            ii.  29
+   26.            ii.  29
+   27.           iii.   8
+   28.             v.  14
+   29.             v.  14
+   30.             v.  14
+   31.     vi. (vii.)   5
+   32.            xi.   9
+   33.           xii.  12
+   34.            xv.   1
+   35.           xvi.  19
+   36.           xvi.  19
+   37.           xix.  12
+   38.          xvii.  16
+   39.             v.  10
+   40.     vi. (vii.)  18
+
+
+
+
+INDEX TO THE MOST IMPORTANT NOTES.
+
+_The Roman figures give the number of the selection, the Arabic figures
+the number of the line in the selection._
+
+  [Transcriber's Note:
+  The Notes and the Proper Names were printed as shown here,
+  in a single merged Index.]
+
+  _abhinc multis annis_, xx. 10.
+  _ablative absolute_, v. 9.
+  _acceptum referre_, xvii. 13.
+  _accusative plural_ of 3rd declension in -is, ix.�2.
+  _acerbus_, v. 5.
+  _adfines_, xxvi. 5.
+  _adigere_ aliquem iusiurandum, xl. 6.
+  _adjective_ for English substantive and preposition, x.�1 (Milo
+    Crotoniensis); xl.�1 (proelium Cannense).
+  _advocare_, xxxii. 2.
+  _aedes_, xvi. 17.
+  _aerarium_, xvii. 10.
+  _Aesopus_, xxiv. 1.
+  _ager Pomptinus_, xxiii. 1.
+  +#akoinono�toi#+, xxxiii.�10.
+  _albus_, xiv. 1.
+  _Alcibiades_, iv. 4.
+  _Alexander_, vi. 1.
+  _ambitus_, ii. 2.
+  _animus_ and _mens_, v. 5.
+  _Antiochus_, ix. 1.
+  _antiquus_, xx. 4.
+  _argyranche_, xxxii. 14.
+  _Arion_, xxxv. 1.
+  _Aristoteles_, iii. 1.
+  _attraction of antecedent_ into relative clause, xxx.�2; xxxix.�6.
+  _Aurunci_, xx. 6.
+  _avunculus_, vii. 1.
+
+  _Bucephalas_, vi. 1.
+  _-bundus_ and _-cundus_, vi. 11.
+
+  _Caesar_, C. Iulius, xx. 16.
+  _Caesar_, Claudius, xxix. 2.
+  _canere tibiis_, vii. 4.
+  _Cannae_, ix. 1.
+  _capitalis res_, xxx. 9.
+  _caput_, xix. 1.
+  _Cato_, xvii. 1.
+  _censeo_ (parenthetically), xvi. 12.
+  _censores_, xl. 24.
+  _Chares_, vi. 2.
+  _Cicero_, xxxiii. 1.
+  _cinctus_, xxi. 17.
+  _Circus_ Maximus, xxviii. 1.
+  _Cispius_ Mons, xxxiv. 3.
+  _cognati_, xxvi. 5.
+  _comoediarum certamina_, ii. 2.
+  _comparare_ hominem in aliquem, xvii.�3.
+  _congerere_ (absolutely), xxv. 3.
+  _consecution_ of tenses after historic present, xxi.�12; xxiii.�6;
+    xxxv.�5.
+  _contestari_ litem, xxxix. 12.
+  _Coruncanius_, xx. 4.
+  _Crotoniensis_, x. 1.
+  _Crotona_, x. 1.
+  _cruor_, xxix. 23.
+  _cum_ (conj.), vi. 8; with indic. (1)�frequentative, xiv.�7;
+    (2)�= et tum, xxi.�6; (3)�= because, xxxiii.�11.
+  _curia_, xi. 1.
+  _Curius Dentatus_, xx. 3.
+  _curo_ with gerundive, vii. 3; xiii.�1.
+
+  _dative_ of purpose (predicative dat.), viii.�4.
+  _Demades_, xxxii. 4.
+  _Demosthenes_, xxxii. 4.
+  _dependent_ interrogatives, x. 6.
+  _desinere_ artem, x. 3.
+  _deveho_ (de = to land), xxxvi. 7.
+  _disciplina_, xxii. 2.
+  _dissimulanter_, xxxvi. 12.
+  _dum_ with subj., xxv. 5.
+
+  _Electra_, xxxi. 5.
+  _Ennius_, xxxviii. 9.
+  _ephippium_, ix. 6.
+  _Euander_, xx. 9.
+  _exerceor_, in middle sense, iv. 7.
+
+  _Fabricius_, viii. 1.
+  _fac eas_, xxv. 11.
+  _facto_ ... opus est, xiv. 18.
+  _falcibus_ (currus cum), ix. 4.
+  _familias_, xii. 3.
+  _Favorinus_, xx. 1.
+  _felix_ (fruitful), xxxvii. 18.
+  _foculus_, xv. 7.
+  _forum_, xxiii. 21.
+  _frequentative_ verbs, xviii. 4.
+  _frenis_ ... fulgentem, ix. 6.
+
+  _genitive_ denoting "nature," "duty" of, xxxiii.�12.
+  _genitive_ after gerund (causarum orandi cupidus), xxxix.�1.
+  _gerunds_ and _gerundives_, xiii.�1.
+  _gratiae_, xxxvii. 13.
+
+  _Hannibal_, ix. 1.
+  _haurire_ pectus, xxii. 9.
+  _hercle_, iii. 1.
+  _Hispanicus_ gladius, xxii. 7.
+  _historic_ infinitive, xxv. 15.
+  _Horatii_, xx. 5.
+  _hospita_, xv. 2.
+
+  _id temporis_, xviii. 7.
+  _imperium_ proconsulare, xxix. 5.
+  _inceptive_ or inchoative verbs, ii.�5.
+  _ingentis_, (acc. plur.), ix. 2.
+  _in iure_ stare, xviii. 18.
+  _inmittere_ (absolutely), vi. 9.
+  _insula_ (lodging-house), xxxiv. 4.
+  _interrogatives_, dependent, x. 6.
+  _ire infitias_, xxxvi. 18.
+  _ius_ dicere, xviii. 16.
+  _iusiurandum_ aliquem adigere, xl. 6.
+
+  _locative_ case, xi. 1.
+  _loci_ (nusquam), xv. 19.
+
+  (e) _mediis_ hostibus, vi. 12.
+  _Menander_, ii. 1.
+  _mens_ and _animus_, v. 5.
+  _Methymna_, xxxv. 1.
+  _middle_ signification of passive voice, iv.�7.
+  _mihi_ and _ad me_ after verbs, xxvii.�13.
+  _Milo_, x. 1.
+  _Mitridates_, xxxviii. 1.
+  _monilia_, ix. 6.
+
+  _-ne_ pleonastic, xi. 10.
+  _ne_ ... quis, xi. 4.
+  _nemo_, xiv. 9.
+  _nobilis_, xxxv. 1.
+  _noctis_ extremo, xviii. 3.
+  _nonne_, _num_, _-ne_, ii.�5.
+  _nudus_, xxi. 7.
+  _nusquam_ loci, xv. 16.
+
+  _Orestes_, xxxi. 5.
+  _Oresti_ (genitive), xxxi. 6.
+  _orthium_ carmen, xxxv. 21.
+  _Osce_, xxxviii. 10.
+
+  _Palatium_, xxxiii. 1.
+  _pareo_, _pario_, _paro_, i.�2.
+  _participle_ and verb in Latin = two verbs in English, xxi.�3; xl.�2.
+  _partitive_ genitive, id temporis, xviii.�7; quantum mercedis,
+    xxxii.�17.
+  _passives_ with middle signification, iv.�7.
+  _Pelasgi_, xx. 6.
+  _per_ contemptum, xxiii. 5.
+  _Periander_, xxxv. 1.
+  _Pericles_, vii. 1.
+  _phalerae_, ix. 6.
+  _Philemon_, ii. 1.
+  _Piraeus_, xxxiv. 15.
+  _plague_ of Athens, v. 10.
+  _Plutarchus_, iii. 1.
+  _Poenus_, ix. 8.
+  _Pomptinus_ ager, xxiii. 1.
+  _possies_, xxiv. 13.
+  _postliminium_, xl. 12.
+  (in) _praesens_, xxxiii. 2.
+  _praetextatus_, xi. 2.
+  _predicative_ dative, viii. 4.
+  _prepositions_, verbs compounded with, xxix.�22; xxxiv.�3.
+  _priusquam_ with subjunctive, xxxiii.�4.
+  _proconsulare_ imperium, xxix. 5.
+  _Protagoras_, xxxix. 3.
+  _purpose_, dative of, viii. 4.
+  _Pyrrus_, xxvii. 1.
+  _Pythagoras_, x. 1.
+
+  _quadrati_ versus, xxiv. 10.
+  _quae_ dicas (indefinite), xx. 11.
+  _quaeso_ (parenthetically), ii. 4.
+  _quasi_, xv. 6.
+  _qui_ with subjunctive (final), xxv.�17; (causal) xxxvii.�3.
+  _quid_ ... sibi vult, xii. 6.
+  (si) _quid_ rei, xxv. 7.
+  _quin_ with indicative, xxvi. 4.
+  _quis_ (indefinite), xi. 4.
+  _quisquam_ and _ullus_, x. 6.
+
+  _re_ in composition, i. 6.
+
+  _Samnites_, viii. 1.
+  _satira_, xxiv. 10.
+  _scatebat_ iris, iv. 3.
+  _Scipio_ Africanus, xvi.�1; xviii. 2.
+  _Scipio_ Asiaticus, xvii. 5.
+  _scutum_, xxi. 17.
+  _securus_ with genitive, vi. 14.
+  _sed_ enim, xv. 10.
+  _sequence_ of tenses after historic present, xxi.�12; xxiii.�6;
+    xxxv.�5.
+  _sestertii_ and _sestertium_, vi.�3; xxxiii.�2.
+  _Sertorius_, xiii. 1.
+  _Sibyllini_ libri, xv. 1.
+  _Sicani_, xx. 6.
+  _Socrates_, iv.�1, 4.
+  _sol_ oriens, v. 3.
+  _sollemnis_, xvi. 18.
+  _Sophocles_, xxx. 5.
+  _Sulla_, L., xxxiv. 15.
+  _Sulla_, P., xxxiii. 2.
+  _supine_ in -um, xvi.�13; xxii. 17; xxv.�6.
+  _supine_ in -u, xiv.�5; xxiv. 2; xxvii.�12.
+
+  _Taenarum_, xxxvi. 6.
+  _talentum_, xxxii. 19.
+  _Tarquinius_ Superbus, xv. 1.
+  _temporal_ conjunctions with subjunctive, cum, vi.�8; dum, xxv.�5;
+    priusquam, xxxiii.�4.
+  _tibiae_, vii. 4.
+  _Torquatus_, xxi. 1.
+  _torquis_, xxi. 3.
+  _tribunus_ militaris, xxiii. 8.
+  _tribunus_ plebis, xvi. 1.
+  _turribus_ (elephanti cum), ix. 5.
+
+  _ullus_, x. 6.
+
+  _vadari_, xviii. 22.
+  _vadimonium_, xviii. 19.
+  _venum_ dare, xxxiv. 10.
+  _Vergilius_, i. 1.
+  _vertitur_ in, xxvi. 20.
+  _videres_, xxviii. 15.
+  _vult_, quid sibi, xii. 6.
+
+  _Zama_, ix. 1.
+
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ERRATA (noted by transcriber)
+
+The spelling "deminutive" (demin.) is used consistently.
+
+A few terms were inconsistently italicized, including "e.g.", "i.e."
+and "only" (in vocabulary notes such as "sing. only"). Rather than
+try to second-guess the author, they have been left as printed.
+
+
+_Errors and Irregularities:_
+
+  XV:
+    Tarquinius ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit  [Tarquinus]
+
+  VI Note:
+    entered the Punjaub  [_spelling unchanged_]
+  XVI Note:
+    +gratulatum+ ... the verb of motion  [notion]
+
+  Latin-to-English Vocabulary:
+    +d[-o]n[)e]c+, _conj._, until.
+      [_Text has Greek #e# for�[)e] in "donec"_]
+    +l[-i]b[)e]ro+ ... (l[-i]ber.)
+      [_Macron in "l[-i]ber" conjectural: printed text has "l[i]ber"
+      without visible macron or dot_]
+
+
+_Missing or invisible punctuation:_
+
+"Invisible" means that there is a suitably sized gap, but no printing
+is visible.
+
+STORIES
+
+  XIV.
+    ... in eum locum, in quo ipse cum amicis esset,  [. for second ,]
+  XVIII.
+    atque ibi solus diu demorari,  [. for ,]
+  XXIX.
+    recubuit et quievit."  [" missing]
+
+NOTES
+
+  I.
+    +P. Vergilius Maro+ ... after the fall of Troy  [. missing]
+    +p[)a]r[)e]re+ ..._par[)i]tum, -[)e]re_  [- missing]
+  III.
+    +hercle+ ... '_me deus Fidius juvet_'  [' missing]
+  XIII.
+  +The uses of the gerund and gerundive+
+    ... e.g. _haec ad iudicandum sunt facillima_
+    ... _sum_ (_est_, _erat_, _fuit_, _esse_, etc.)
+    ... e.g. _nunc est bibendum_
+      [_all periods in "e.g." and "etc." invisible_]
+    'he gave them the lands to dwell in.' Cf. vii. 3. note.
+      [. missing after "dwell in" _and_ after "vii."]
+  XVI.
+    +Publius Cornelius+ ... his father P. Scipio  [. missing]
+    I�am old enough.'  [" for ']
+  XVIII.
+    +ventitare+ ... 'I stick fast.'  [" for ']
+  XX.
+    +11.+ +quae dicas+  [. invisible]
+  XXVI.
+    +quin ... imus+ ... 'nay, look at me'  [" for ']
+  XXIX.
+    +proconsulari imperio+ ... praetors: (2)�the Imperial Provinces
+      [_shown as printed, but : may be error for ;_]
+  XXXI.
+    +Electram+ ... the bones of Orestes.'  [" for ']
+  XXXII.
+    +quin ... quoque+, [_ellipsis in printed phrase invisible_]
+  XXXIII.
+    +sestertium viciens+ ... or 2� asses  [denominator invisible]
+
+LATIN VOCABULARY
+
+  +ad�ficio+. Cf. afficio.  [� invisible]
+  +c[)o]r[-o]na+, -ae  [- missing]
+  +deus+, -i, _m._, god.  [. missing]
+  +f[-a]cundia+, -ae, _f._, eloquence  [. invisible]
+  +f[-e]cundus+, -a, -um  [- missing]
+  +g[)e]m[)i]tus+, -us  [- missing]
+  +ign[-o]ro+ ... (ign[-a]rus, for in-gnarus or -narus.)  [) missing]
+  +im�m[-i]tis+  [� invisible]
+  +m[-i]r[)i]f[)i]cus+, -a, -um  [first - missing]
+  +ob�v[)e]nio+  [� invisible]
+  +p[)a]v[)e]�f[)a]cio+ ... (p[)a]veo.)  [. missing]
+  +pax+, p[-a]cis ... (#p�gnumi#.)  [. invisible]
+  +P[)e]riander+, -dri, _m._  [. for second ,]
+  +quaero+, -s[-i]vi or -sii, s[-i]tum  [second - missing]
+  +qu[-a]lis+, -e ... talis ... qualis
+    [_ellipsis in "talis ... qualis" invisible_]
+  +quam�ob�rem+, _adv._  [. invisible]
+  +s[)u]p[)e]rior+, -us ... s[)-u]pr[-e]mus or summus.  [. invisible]
+  +vast[-u]s+, -a, -um  [second - missing]
+  +v[-e]rus+, -a, -um,  [. after -um.,]
+  +vict[-o]ria+, -ae, _f._, victory. (victor, vinco.)  [. invisible]
+  +vis+ (vim, vi, no _gen. sing._, _plur._ v[-i]res, etc.)
+     [. invisible]
+
+ENGLISH VOCABULARY
+
+  +bail+, vadimonium  [. missing]
+  +sight, in my+, me inspectante  [. missing]
+
+INDEX TO NOTES
+
+  _Osce_, xxxviii. 10.  [. after "xxxviii" missing]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Stories from Aulus Gellius, by Aulus Gellius
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories from Aulus Gellius, by Aulus Gellius
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Stories from Aulus Gellius
+       Being Selections And Adaptations From The Noctes Atticae
+
+Author: Aulus Gellius
+
+Editor: G. H. Nall
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2008 [EBook #25861]
+
+Language: Latin
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Anna Tuinman, Ted Garvin and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class = "mynote">
+
+<p><a name = "start" id = "start">This e-text</a> includes characters
+that will only display in UTF-8 (Unicode) text readers, including some
+accented Greek in the Notes:</p>
+
+<div class = "inset">
+<p>œ (“oe” ligature)</p>
+<p>ā ē ī ō ū (vowels with macron or “long” mark)</p>
+<p>ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ (vowels with breve or “short” mark)</p>
+<p><span class = "greek" title = "akoinonoêtoi">ἀκοινονόητοι</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>If any of these characters do not display properly&mdash;in
+particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the
+letter&mdash;or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph
+appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable
+fonts. First, make sure that the browser’s “character set” or “file
+encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change your
+browser’s default font.</p>
+
+<p>The printed text used numbered lines for reference in the Notes.
+These will appear in the right margin of the e-text. The lines in your
+browser’s display are probably longer than the lines in the original
+book, so the numbers will be less than five physical lines apart. Each
+selection is linked to and from the beginning of its Notes, and each
+individual note starts with the word or phrase referenced.</p>
+
+<p>The spelling “deminutive” (demin.) is used consistently. A&nbsp;few
+terms were inconsistently italicized, including “e.g.”, “i.e.”
+and “only” (in vocabulary notes such as “sing. only”). Rather than
+try to second-guess the author, they have been left as printed. All
+brackets [&nbsp;] are in the original.</p>
+
+<p>Typographical errors are shown with <ins class = "correction" title =
+"like this">mouse-hover popups</ins>. All Greek words are similarly
+transliterated, as in the example above.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class = "larger"><span class = "underline"><b>Elementary
+Classics.</b></span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1 class = "three">STORIES FROM</h1>
+
+<h1 class = "one">AULUS GELLIUS,</h1>
+
+<h1 class = "five">BEING SELECTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS FROM THE</h1>
+
+<h1 class = "two">NOCTES ATTICAE,</h1>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2 class = "six"><i>EDITED WITH NOTES EXERCISES AND VOCABULARIES<br>
+FOR THE USE OF LOWER FORMS</i></h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2 class = "six">BY THE</h2>
+
+<h2 class = "four">REV. G. H. NALL, M.A.,</h2>
+
+<h2 class = "seven">ASSISTANT MASTER AT WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.</h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3 class = "four"><b>London:</b></h3>
+
+<h3 class = "four">MACMILLAN AND CO.,</h3>
+
+<h3 class = "five">AND NEW YORK.</h3>
+
+<h3 class = "five">1888.</h3>
+
+<hr>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">v</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name= "preface">
+PREFACE.</a></h3>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstword">It</span> is hoped that this series of
+short stories from A.&nbsp;Gellius may serve as a pleasant change to
+young boys after a course of Cornelius Nepos, Eutropius, etc. The
+language of the original has been simplified in parts, and some rare or
+late words and constructions cut out. The Notes have been made, with few
+exceptions, as short as possible; a&nbsp;few more lengthy digressions,
+such as those upon the ablative absolute and the gerundial
+constructions, will need no apology, if they succeed in leading boys to
+think out for themselves the difficulties which these constructions
+present. Some simple Exercises have been added at the request of the
+Publishers, and for these an English-Latin Vocabulary has been compiled.
+In this Vocabulary the words are arranged in alphabetical order, since
+the Exercises are intended principally for <i>viva voce</i> drill in
+form, and the Editor’s experience does not confirm the
+<span class = "pagenum">vi</span>
+theory of some Editors, that a boy’s knowledge of a language is
+increased in proportion to the time that he spends in hunting for words
+that he does not know; he considers that the “paragraph” vocabulary
+makes the lazy boy take refuge in guessing, whilst it wastes the time of
+the industrious boy.</p>
+
+<p>The Editor acknowledges his obligations to the Latin Grammars of Dr.
+Kennedy and Mr. Roby, and to Dr. Smith’s Dictionaries of Biography and
+Antiquities, and to similar works which lie at every schoolmaster’s
+elbow.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">vii</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "contents" id = "contents">
+CONTENTS.</a></h3>
+
+<table class = "toc" summary = "table of contents">
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class = "number smallroman">PAGE</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Preface,</td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#preface">v</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Life of Aulus Gellius,</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#life">ix</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Text of the “Stories from Aulus Gellius,”</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#stories">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Notes on the Text,</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#notes">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Exercises,</td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#exercises">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Latin-English Vocabulary,</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#vocab_latin">98</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>English-Latin Vocabulary,</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#vocab_english">137</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Table showing the order of the “Stories” compared with the Books
+of the “Noctes Atticae,”</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#order">147</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Index to Notes,</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#index">148</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Index to Proper Names.</p></td>
+<td class = "number"><a href = "#index">152</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">ix</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "life" id = "life">I</a><br>
+AULUS GELLIUS.</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstword">Nothing</span> is known about the life of
+A. Gellius beyond what can be gathered from occasional hints in his own
+writings; it has even been disputed whether his name was Agellius or
+A.&nbsp;Gellius. Probably he was a Roman by birth, of good family and
+connections. He seems to have spent his early years at Rome, studying
+under the celebrated teachers, Sulpicius Apollinaris,
+T.&nbsp;Castricius, and Antonius Julianus (cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XXXIV">xxxiv.&nbsp;1</a>): to have continued his studies at
+Athens, where he lived on terms of familiarity with Herodes Atticus,
+Calvisius Taurus, Peregrinus Proteus, and other famous philosophers of
+that day: and after the lapse of many years to have returned to Rome,
+and devoted the remaining years of his life to literary pursuits and the
+society of a large circle of friends. The dates of his birth and death
+are unknown, but from the names of his teachers and friends it is
+certain that he lived during the reigns of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and
+Marcus Aurelius, 117-180 <span class = "smallroman">A.D.</span></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">x</span>
+<p>The only work of A. Gellius that has reached us, possibly the only
+one that he wrote, is the “Noctes Atticae,” so called because it was
+begun during the long nights of winter in a country house in Attica
+(<i>longinquis per hiemen noctibus in agro terrae Atticae</i>). It
+consists of numerous extracts from Greek and Roman writers on subjects
+connected with history, philosophy, philology, and antiquities,
+illustrated by abundant criticisms and discussions. These extracts are
+thrown together without any attempt at order or arrangement, and divided
+into twenty books. He had been accustomed whilst reading, he says, to
+make notes upon anything which struck him as worth remembering. These
+notes he embodied with little change in his work, in the same haphazard
+order in which they had been made (<i>usi autem sumus ordine rerum
+fortuito quem antea in excerpendo feceramus</i>).</p>
+
+<p>Naturally the various parts of such a ‘Miscellany’ vary greatly in
+quality. Some portions of it are highly valuable and interesting. For
+instance, many quotations are preserved from ancient authors whose works
+have perished, some of which throw light upon questions of
+constitutional and antiquarian interest, which would otherwise have
+remained obscure; many literary and historical anecdotes are given which
+are valuable in themselves; and some important grammatical usages and
+theories are noted. But the
+<span class = "pagenum">xi</span>
+author’s appetite was omnivorous. He is as eager to tell the story of a
+marvellous African serpent, 120 feet in length, whose destruction
+required the utmost efforts of a whole Roman army, with their
+<i>ballistae</i> and <i>catapultae</i> (<i>magna totius exercitus
+conflictione, ballistis atque catapultis diu oppugnatum.</i>
+&mdash;<i>N.&nbsp;A.</i> vii.&nbsp;3), or to discuss some absurd
+etymology, such as that of <i>avarus</i> from <i>avidus aeris</i>, as to
+preserve some really valuable detail of senatorial procedure, or record
+the use and origin of obscure constitutional phrases. His own
+criticisms, moreover, are as a rule worthless, and his translations are
+feeble; but in spite of all these defects his work is exceedingly
+interesting, and we could ill afford to lose&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>His Latin style shows the defects of his age, an age in which the
+Romans had ceased to feel the full meaning of the words which they used,
+and endeavoured to gain emphasis by employing obscure phrases and
+unnatural turns of expression. But these peculiarities are even more
+noticeable in the writings of his contemporaries.</p>
+
+
+<div class = "stories">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">1</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "stories" id = "stories">
+STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS.</a></h3>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_I" id = "txt_I" href = "#notes_I">I.</a>
+Vergil and His Poems.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Vergil, who spent much labour in polishing his verses, used to compare
+himself to a bear, which licks its cubs into shape.</p>
+
+<p>Dicebat P. Vergilius, ut amici eius familiaresque ferunt, se parere
+versus more ursino. “Namque ut illa bestia” inquit, “fetum edit informem
+lambendoque postea conformat et fingit, sic ingenii quoque mei partus
+primum rudes et inperfecti sunt, sed
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+tractando corrigendoque reddo iis oris et vultus liniamenta.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_I">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_II" id = "txt_II" href = "#notes_II">II.</a>
+Menander and Philemon.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+The poet Menander, meeting his successful rival Philemon, asked him if
+he did not feel ashamed to defeat him.</p>
+
+<p>Menander a Philemone, nequaquam pari scriptore, in certaminibus
+comoediarum ambitu gratiâque saepenumero vincebatur. Ei forte obviam
+factus est Menander, et “Quaeso” inquit, “Philemo, bonâ veniâ dic mihi,
+cum me vincis, nonne erubescis?”
+<span class = "linenum">5</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_II">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">2</span>
+<h4><a name = "txt_III" id = "txt_III" href = "#notes_III">III.</a>
+The Palm Tree.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+The palm has been made the emblem of victory, because its wood does not
+yield, when heavy weights are placed upon it.</p>
+
+<p>Rem hercle mirandam Aristoteles et Plutarchus dicunt. “Si super
+palmae arboris lignum” inquiunt “magna pondera imponis, non deorsum
+palma cedit nec intra flectitur, sed adversus pondus resurgit et sursum
+recurvatur; propterea in certaminibus palma
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+signum victoriae facta est, quoniam urgentibus opprimentibusque non
+cedit.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_III">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_IV" id = "txt_IV" href = "#notes_IV">IV.</a>
+Socrates and His Wife.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Socrates, when asked why he endured his quarrelsome wife, replied that
+to bear her temper was good discipline.</p>
+
+<p>Xanthippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, admodum morosa et litigiosa
+fuisse fertur, irisque muliebribus per diem perque noctem scatebat. Quam
+rem in maritum Socraten Alcibiades demiratus, “Cur mulierem” inquit “tam
+acerbam domo non exigis?”
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+“Quoniam,” respondit Socrates, “cum illam domi talem perpetior, insuesco
+et exerceor, ut ceterorum quoque foris petulantiam et iniuriam facilius
+feram.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_IV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_V" id = "txt_V" href = "#notes_V">V.</a>
+The Self-Discipline of Socrates.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Socrates used to train himself to bear fatigue by standing motionless
+for twenty-four hours at a time. His health was always perfect.</p>
+
+<p>Inter labores voluntarios corporis firmandi causâ id quoque accepimus
+Socraten facere insuevisse:
+<span class = "pagenum">3</span>
+stabat per diem perque noctem a lucis ortu ad solem alterum orientem
+immobilis, iisdem in vestigiis, et ore atque oculis eundem in locum
+directis, cogitans,
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+tamquam quodam secessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore.</p>
+
+<p>Temperantiâ quoque tantâ fuisse traditus est, ut omnem fere vitam
+valitudine integrâ vixerit. In eâ etiam pestilentiâ, quae in belli
+Peloponnensiaci
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+principiis Atheniensium civitatem depopulata est, dicitur vigorem
+corporis retinuisse.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_V">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_VI" id = "txt_VI" href = "#notes_VI">VI.</a>
+Alexander and Bucephalas.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+How Alexander obtained his famous charger Bucephalas, how it saved his
+life in battle, and how the King showed his gratitude.</p>
+
+<p>Equus Alexandri regis nomine Bucephalas fuit. Emptum Chares scripsit
+talentis tredecim et regi Philippo donatum; hoc autem aeris nostri summa
+est sestertia trecenta duodecim. De hoc equo haec memoriâ digna
+accepimus. Ubi ornatus erat armatusque
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+ad proelium, haud umquam inscendi sese ab alio, nisi ab rege passus est.
+Bello Indico cum insidens in eo Alexander facinora faceret fortia, in
+hostium cuneum, non satis sibi providens, inmisit. Coniectis undique in
+Alexandrum telis, vulneribus altis in cervice atque
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+in latere equus perfossus est. Moribundus tamen ac prope iam exanguis e
+mediis hostibus regem citato cursu retulit atque, ubi eum extra tela
+extulerat, ilico concidit et, domini iam superstitis securus, animam
+<span class = "pagenum">4</span>
+expiravit. Tum rex Alexander, partâ eius belli
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+victoriâ, oppidum in iisdem locis condidit idque ob equi honores
+Bucephalon appellavit.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_VI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_VII" id = "txt_VII" href = "#notes_VII">VII.</a>
+Alcibiades and the Pipes.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Alcibiades, when a boy, refused to learn to play the pipes, because they
+distorted the player’s mouth.</p>
+
+<p>Alcibiades Atheniensis apud avunculum Periclen educatus est, qui
+artibus ac disciplinis liberalibus puerum docendum curavit. Inter alios
+magistros tibicinem arcessi iussit, ut eum canere tibiis doceret, quod
+honestissimum tum videbatur. Traditas sibi
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+tibias Alcibiades ad os adhibuit inflavitque; sed ubi oris deformitatem
+vidit, abiecit infregitque. Cum ea res percrebuisset, omnium tum
+Atheniensium consensu disciplina tibiis canendi desita est.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_VII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_VIII" id = "txt_VIII" href = "#notes_VIII">VIII.</a>
+Fabricius and the Samnite Gold.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Fabricius refused rich presents, which the Samnites offered him, saying
+that, while he retained command over his senses, he had all that he
+needed.</p>
+
+<p>Legati a Samnitibus ad C. Fabricium, imperatorem populi Romani,
+venerunt et, memoratis multis magnisque rebus, quae bene post redditam
+pacem Samnitibus fecisset, dono grandem pecuniam obtulerunt. “Quae
+facimus” Samnites inquiunt, “quod multa ad
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+splendorem domus atque victus defieri videmus.” Tum Fabricius manus ab
+auribus ad oculos et infra
+<span class = "pagenum">5</span>
+deinceps ad nares et ad os et ad gulam deduxit, et legatis ita
+respondit: “Dum his omnibus membris, quae attigi, imperare possum,
+numquam quicquam
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+mihi deerit; quamobrem hanc pecuniam, quâ nihil mihi est usus,
+a&nbsp;vobis, qui eâ uti scitis, non accipio.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_VIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_IX" id = "txt_IX" href = "#notes_IX">IX.</a>
+Hannibal’s Jest.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Antiochus, proud of his army, asked Hannibal if they were ‘enough for
+the Romans.’ ‘Quite enough,’ replied Hannibal, ‘however greedy the
+Romans are.’</p>
+
+<p>Antiochus ostendebat Hannibali in campo copias ingentis, quas bellum
+populo Romano facturus comparaverat, convertebatque exercitum insignibus
+argenteis et aureis micantem; inducebat etiam currus cum falcibus et
+elephantos cum turribus equitatumque
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+frenis, ephippiis, monilibus, phaleris fulgentem. Atque ibi rex
+Hannibalem aspicit et “Putasne” inquit “satis esse Romanis haec omnia?”
+Tum Poenus, eludens ignaviam militum eius tam pretiose armatorum,
+“Satis, plane satis esse credo Romanis haec omnia, etiamsi
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+avarissimi sunt.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_IX">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_X" id = "txt_X" href = "#notes_X">X.</a>
+The Death of Milo.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Milo, when enfeebled by age, tried to tear a tree open, but the wood
+closed on his hands and he perished miserably.</p>
+
+<p>Milo Crotoniensis, athleta inlustris, exitum habuit e vita miserandum
+et mirandum. Cum iam natu grandis artem athleticam desisset iterque
+faceret forte
+<span class = "pagenum">6</span>
+solus in locis Italiae silvestribus, quercum vidit proxime viam rimis in
+parte mediâ hiantem.
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+Tum experiri
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+etiam tunc volens, an ullae sibi vires adessent, inmissis in cavernas
+arboris digitis, diducere et rescindere quercum conatus est. Ac mediam
+quidem partem discidit divellitque; quercus autem in duas diducta
+partis, cum ille manus laxasset, rediit in
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+naturam, manibusque eius retentis inclusisque dilacerandum hominem feris
+praebuit.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_X">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XI" id = "txt_XI" href = "#notes_XI">XI.</a>
+A Hoax:&mdash;the Story of Papirius Praetextatus.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+The young Papirius, pressed by his mother to reveal the secret
+proceedings of the Senate, told her that they had debated whether it was
+better for one husband to have two wives, or one wife two husbands.</p>
+
+<p>Mos antea senatoribus Romae fuit, in curiam cum praetextatis filiis
+introire. Forte res maior quaepiam consultata et in diem posterum
+prolata est, placuitque ut eam rem ne quis enuntiaret, priusquam decreta
+esset. Sed mater Papirii pueri, qui cum patre
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+suo in curiâ fuerat, percontata est filium, quidnam in senatu patres
+egissent. Puer respondit tacendum esse neque id dici licere. Mulier
+autem fit audiendi cupidior, ac tandem puer matre urgente lepidi
+mendacii consilium capit. Actum in senatu dixit, utrum
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+videretur utilius exque republicâ esse, unusne ut duas uxores haberet,
+an ut una duobus nupta esset.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">7</span>
+<h4><a name = "txt_XII" id = "txt_XII" href = "#notes_XII">XII.</a>
+The Result of the Hoax.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+The consternation of the Roman Matrons, the bewilderment of the
+Senators, the confession of Papirius, and the reward for his
+discretion.</p>
+
+<p>Ubi illa hoc audivit, domo trepidans egreditur, ad ceteras matronas
+se adfert. Pervenit ad senatum postridie matrum familias caterva.
+Lacrimantes atque obsecrantes orant, ut una potius duobus nupta fieret
+quam ut duae uni. Senatores in curiam ingredientes
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+mirabantur, quae illa mulierum insania et quid sibi postulatio istaec
+vellet. Puer Papirius in medium curiae progressus, quid mater audire
+institisset, quid ipse matri dixisset, denarrat. Senatus fidem atque
+ingenium pueri laudat et consultum facit, uti posthac
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+pueri cum patribus in curiam ne introeant, praeter illum unum Papirium,
+cui postea cognomen honoris gratiâ datum “Praetextatus.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XIII" id = "txt_XIII" href = "#notes_XIII">XIII.</a>
+Sertorius.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+The extraordinary influence that Sertorius exercised over the minds of
+his soldiers, and the means by which he maintained this influence.</p>
+
+<p>Sertorius, vir acer egregiusque dux, et utendi et regendi exercitus
+peritus fuit. Is in temporibus difficillimis et mentiebatur ad milites,
+si mendacium prodesset, et litteras compositas pro veris legebat, et
+somnium simulabat, et falsas religiones conferebat, si
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+quid istae res eum apud militum animos adiuvabant. Haec hominum
+barbarorum credulitas Sertorio in
+<span class = "pagenum">8</span>
+magnis rebus magno usui fuit. Memoria prodita est, neminem umquam ex his
+nationibus, quae cum Sertorio faciebant, cum multis proeliis superatus
+esset,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+ab eo descivisse, quamquam id genus hominum esset mobilissimum.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XIV" id = "txt_XIV" href = "#notes_XIV">XIV.</a>
+Sertorius and the Doe.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Sertorius pretended that divine revelations were made to him through a
+white doe. This doe once ran away, but was soon found again. The use
+which Sertorius made of this incident.</p>
+
+<p>Huic Sertorio cerva alba eximiae pulchritudinis et celeritatis a
+Lusitano quodam dono data est. Hanc persuasit omnibus, oblatam sibi
+divinitus et instinctam Dianae numine, conloqui secum et monere et
+docere, quae utilia factu essent, ac, si quid durius videbatur,
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+quod imperandum militibus foret, a&nbsp;cervâ sese monitum praedicabat.
+Id cum dixerat, universi, tamquam si deo, libentes ei parebant. Ea cerva
+quodam die, cum incursio hostium esset nuntiata, tumultu consternata in
+fugam se proripuit atque in palude proximâ delituit,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+et postea requisita periisse credita est. Neque multis diebus post
+inventam esse cervam Sertorio nuntiatur. Tum eum qui nuntiaverat iussit
+tacere ac, ne cui palam diceret, interminatus est praecepitque, ut eam
+postero die repente in eum locum, in quo ipse cum amicis
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+esset<ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">,
+</ins>inmitteret. Admissis deinde amicis postridie, cervam ait, quae
+periisset, visam esse in quiete ad se reverti et, ut prius consuerat,
+quod opus esset
+<span class = "pagenum">9</span>
+facto praedicere; tum servo quod imperaverat significat, cerva emissa in
+cubiculum Sertorii introrupit,
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+clamor factus et orta admiratio est.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XIV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XV" id = "txt_XV" href = "#notes_XV">XV.</a>
+Tarquin and the Sibylline Books.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+A Sibyl offered to sell King Tarquin nine books for a large sum. On his
+scornful refusal she burnt three, and offered the remaining six for the
+same sum, but he again refused. She burnt three more and offered the
+remaining three for the same sum: these the King bought and deposited in
+the ‘Sacristy.’</p>
+
+<p>In antiquis annalibus haec memoria de libris Sibyllinis prodita est:
+Anus hospita atque incognita ad Tarquinium Superbum regem adiit, novem
+libros ferens, quos divina oracula esse dicebat; eos velle vendere.
+Tarquinius pretium percontatus est. Mulier
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+nimium atque inmensum poposcit: rex, quasi anus aetate desiperet,
+derisit. Tum illa foculum coram cum igni apponit, tris libros ex novem
+deurit et, ecquid reliquos sex eodem pretio emere vellet, regem
+interrogavit. Sed enim Tarquinius id multo magis risit,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+dixitque anum iam procul dubio delirare. Mulier ibidem statim tris alios
+libros exussit atque id ipsum denuo placide rogat, ut tris reliquos
+eodem illo pretio emat. <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text reads ‘Tarquinus’">Tarquinius</ins>
+ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit, eam constantiam confidentiamque non
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+contemnendam intellegit, libros tris reliquos mercatur nihilo minore
+pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus. Sed ea mulier tunc a
+Tarquinio digressa postea nusquam loci visa est. Libri tres, in
+sacrarium
+<span class = "pagenum">10</span>
+conditi, “Sibyllini” appellati; ad eos quasi ad oraculum
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+quindecimviri adeunt, cum di immortales publice consulendi sunt.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XVI" id = "txt_XVI" href = "#notes_XVI">XVI.</a>
+Scipio Africanus Impeached: His Answer.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Scipio was accused of having received bribes from Antiochus. Scorning to
+answer such a charge, he reminded the people that this was the
+anniversary of his great victory at Zama, and called upon them to follow
+him to the Capitol and there return thanks to the gods.</p>
+
+<p>M. Naevius tribunus plebis accusavit Scipionem ad populum, dixitque
+eum accepisse a rege Antiocho pecuniam, ut condicionibus mollibus pax
+cum eo populi Romani nomine fieret, et quaedam item alia indigna tali
+viro addidit. Tum Scipio pauca
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+praefatus, quae dignitas vitae suae atque gloria postulabat, “Memoriâ”
+inquit, “Quirites, repeto, diem esse hodiernum, quo Hannibalem Poenum,
+imperio vestro inimicissimum, magno proelio in terrâ Africâ vici,
+pacemque et victoriam vobis peperi praeclaram. Non
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+igitur simus adversum deos ingrati et, censeo, relinquamus nebulonem
+hunc, eamus hinc protinus Iovi optimo maximo gratulatum.” Id cum
+dixisset, avertit et ire ad Capitolium coepit. Tum contio universa, quae
+ad sententiam de Scipione ferendam convenerat,
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+relicto tribuno Scipionem in Capitolium comitata, atque inde ad aedes
+eius cum laetitiâ et gratulatione sollemni prosecuta est.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XVI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">11</span>
+<h4><a name = "txt_XVII" id = "txt_XVII" href = "#notes_XVII">XVII.</a>
+Scipio Africanus: Another Impeachment.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Scipio on another occasion was accused of embezzling the money paid by
+Antiochus as a war indemnity: he answered the charge by tearing his
+accounts in pieces before the eyes of the Senators.</p>
+
+<p>Item aliud est factum eius praeclarum. Petilii quidam tribuni plebis
+a M., ut aiunt, Catone, inimico Scipionis, comparati in eum atque
+inmissi, desiderabant in senatu, ut pecuniae Antiochinae praedaeque in
+eo bello captae rationem redderet: fuerat enim
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+L.&nbsp;Scipioni Asiatico, fratri suo, imperatori in eâ provinciâ
+legatus. Ibi Scipio exurgit et, prolato e sinu togae libro, rationes in
+eo scriptas esse dixit omnis pecuniae omnisque praedae; allatum, ut
+palam recitaretur et ad aerarium deferretur. “Sed enim id iam non
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+faciam” inquit, “nec me ipse afficiam contumeliâ,” eumque librum statim
+coram discidit suis manibus, aegre passus, quod, cui salus imperii ac
+reipublicae accepta referri deberet, ab eo ratio praedae posceretur.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XVII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XVIII" id = "txt_XVIII" href =
+"#notes_XVIII">XVIII.</a>
+Scipio Africanus and the Gods.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Scipio believed that he was a special favourite of the gods: before
+entering on any important work he used to spend hours of quiet
+meditation in the temple on the Capitol. A&nbsp;story is given showing
+his power of foreseeing the future.</p>
+
+<p>Id etiam dicere haut piget, quod ii, qui de vitâ et rebus Africani
+scripserunt, litteris mandaverunt. Solitus est noctis extremo ante
+primam lucem in Capitolium ventitare ac iubere aperiri cellam Iovis,
+<span class = "pagenum">12</span>
+atque ibi solus diu demorari<ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">, </ins>quasi consultans de
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+republicâ cum Iove. Aeditumi eius templi saepe admirati, quod in eum
+solum id temporis in Capitolium ingredientem canes, semper in alios
+saevientes, neque latrarent neque incurrerent. Has volgi de Scipione
+opiniones confirmare atque approbare
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+videbantur dicta factaque eius pleraque admiranda. Ex quibus est unum
+huiuscemodi. Assidebat oppugnabatque oppidum in Hispaniâ situm, moenibus
+defensoribusque validum et munitum, re etiam cibariâ copiosum, nullaque
+eius potiundi spes erat. Quodam
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+die ius in castris sedens dicebat, atque ex eo loco id oppidum procul
+visebatur. Tum quispiam e militibus, qui in iure apud eum stabant,
+interrogavit ex more, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti iuberet:
+et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur,
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+arcem protendens, perendie sese sistere illo in loco iussit. Atque ita
+factum: die tertio, in quem vadari iusserat, oppidum captum est eodemque
+eo die in arce eius oppidi ius dixit.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XVIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XIX" id = "txt_XIX" href = "#notes_XIX">XIX.</a>
+Duty and Friendship.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+How a man, when trying a friend who was guilty, succeeded in reconciling
+the claims of duty and of friendship, by himself voting for
+condemnation, but persuading his fellow iudices to vote for
+acquittal.</p>
+
+<p>Super amici capite iudex cum duobus aliis fui. Ita lex fuit, uti eum
+hominem condemnari necesse esset. Aut amico igitur caput perdendum aut
+adhibenda fraus legi fuit. Multa cum animo meo ad casum tam
+<span class = "pagenum">13</span>
+ancipitem medendum consultavi; tandem hoc, quod
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+feci, visum est optimum. Ipse tacitus ad condemnandum sententiam tuli,
+iis qui simul iudicabant, ut absolverent, persuasi. Sic mihi et iudicis
+et amici officium in re tantâ salvum fuit.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XIX">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XX" id = "txt_XX" href = "#notes_XX">XX.</a>
+Avoid Obsolete Language.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Favorinus rebuked a young man, who affected the use of archaic language,
+by telling him to hold his tongue altogether if he did not wish to be
+understood: if he admired the purity of the good old times he should
+imitate their ways, not their words.</p>
+
+<p>Favorinus philosophus adulescenti, veterum verborum cupidissimo et
+plerasque voces nimis priscas et ignotas in cotidianis sermonibus
+expromenti, “Curius” inquit “et Fabricius et Coruncanius, antiquissimi
+viri, et his antiquiores Horatii illi trigemini plane ac
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+dilucide cum suis locuti sunt, neque Auruncorum aut Sicanorum aut
+Pelasgorum, qui primi coluisse Italiam dicuntur, sed aetatis suae verbis
+usi sunt; tu autem, proinde quasi cum matre Euandri nunc loquare,
+sermone abhinc multis annis iam desito uteris, quod
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+neminem vis scire atque intellegere quae dicas. Nonne, homo inepte, ut
+quod vis abunde consequaris, taces? Sed antiquitatem tibi placere ais,
+quod honesta et bona et sobria et modesta sit. Vive ergo moribus
+praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus: atque id,
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+quod a C.&nbsp;Caesare scriptum est, habe semper in memoriâ atque in
+pectore, ut tamquam scopulum sic fugias insolens verbum.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XX">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">14</span>
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXI" id = "txt_XXI" href = "#notes_XXI">XXI.</a>
+Torquatus and the Gaul:&mdash;The Challenge.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+In one of the struggles between the Romans and the Gauls in 361 <span
+class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> a gigantic Gaul challenged the Romans
+to send out a champion to meet him: all held back except the young T.
+Manlius.</p>
+
+<p>Titus Manlius summo loco natus fuit. Ei cognomen factum est
+Torquatus. Causa cognomenti fuisse dicitur torquis, quam ex hoste, quem
+occiderat, detractam induit. Quis hostis fuerit et qualis pugna ita
+accepimus.
+<span class = "linenum">5</span></p>
+
+<p>Galli contra Romanos pugnabant, cum interim Gallus quidam nudus
+praeter scutum et gladios duos, torque atque armillis decoratus, qui et
+viribus et magnitudine et adulescentiâ et virtute ceteros praestabat,
+processit et manu significare coepit utrisque, ut
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+quiescerent. Extemplo silentio facto voce maximâ conclamat, si quis
+secum depugnare vellet, uti prodiret. Nemo audebat propter magnitudinem
+atque inmanem faciem. Deinde Gallus inridere coepit atque linguam
+exertare. Doluit Titus Manlius, tantum flagitium
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+civitati adcidere, e&nbsp;tanto exercitu neminem prodire. Processit ipse
+scuto pedestri et gladio Hispanico cinctus et contra Gallum
+constitit.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXII" id = "txt_XXII" href = "#notes_XXII">XXII.</a>
+Torquatus and the Gaul:&mdash;The Battle.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+In the struggle which followed Manlius disconcerted the Gaul by suddenly
+with his shield dashing him back from his posture of defence; he then
+came to close quarters with the Gaul, and slew him. He
+<span class = "pagenum">15</span>
+put on his own neck the necklace which the Gaul had worn; hence he was
+named Torquatus. This same Manlius executed his son for disobeying
+orders and slaying an enemy who had challenged him.</p>
+
+<p>Metu magno ea congressio in ipso ponte, utroque exercitu inspectante,
+facta est. Constitit Gallus suâ disciplinâ scuto proiecto cunctabundus;
+Manlius, animo magis quam arte confisus, scuto scutum percussit atque
+statum Galli conturbavit. Dum se Gallus iterum eodem
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+pacto constituere studet, Manlius iterum scuto scutum percutit atque de
+loco hominem iterum deiecit; eo pacto ei sub Gallicum gladium successit
+atque Hispanico pectus hausit; deinde continuo umerum dextrum incidit
+neque recessit usquam, donec subvertit. Ubi eum
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+evertit, caput praecidit, torquem detraxit eamque sanguinulentam sibi in
+collum inponit. Quo ex facto ipse posterique eius Torquati sunt
+cognominati.</p>
+
+<p>Ab hoc Tito Manlio imperia et aspera et immitia Manlia dicta sunt,
+quoniam postea, cum bello adversum
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+Latinos esset consul, filium suum securi percussit, qui speculatum ab eo
+missus, pugnâ interdictâ, hostem, a quo provocatus fuerat,
+occiderat.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXIII" id = "txt_XXIII" href =
+"#notes_XXIII">XXIII.</a>
+Valerius Corvinus:&mdash;The Origin Of His Name.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+On another occasion the young Valerius accepted the challenge of a
+gigantic Gaul. During the fight a raven aided the Roman by attacking his
+enemy with its talons; thus helped Valerius slew the Gaul, and received
+the name of Corvinus.</p>
+
+<p>Copiae Gallorum ingentes agrum Pomptinum
+<span class = "pagenum">16</span>
+insederant instruebanturque acies a consulibus. Dux interea Gallorum,
+vastâ proceritate armisque auro praefulgentibus, manu telum vibrans
+incedebat perque contemptum et superbiam circumspicit despicitque
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+omnia, et venire iubet et congredi, si quis pugnare secum ex omni Romano
+exercitu auderet. Tum Valerius adulescens, tribunus iam militaris,
+ceteris inter metum pudoremque ambiguis, impetrat a consulibus, ut in
+Gallum pugnare sese permitterent, et
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+progreditur intrepidus obviam. Et congrediuntur et consistunt et
+conserebantur iam manus. Atque ibi vis quaedam divina fit: corvus
+repente advolat et super galeam tribuni insistit atque inde in
+adversarii os atque oculos pugnare incipit, eius manum unguibus
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+laniabat atque, ubi satis saevierat, revolabat in galeam tribuni. Sic
+tribunus, spectante utroque exercitu, et suâ virtute nixus et operâ,
+alitis adiutus, ducem hostium ferocissimum vicit interfecitque, atque ob
+hanc causam cognomen habuit Corvinum.
+<span class = "linenum">20</span></p>
+
+<p>Statuam Corvino isti divus Augustus in foro suo statuendam curavit.
+In eius statuae capite corvi simulacrum est, rei pugnaeque, quam
+diximus, monimentum.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXIV" id = "txt_XXIV" href = "#notes_XXIV">XXIV.</a>
+Aesop.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Aesop in his fables gives good advice in a pleasant way, and hence men
+attend to him. An instance of this is his fable of the lark, which has
+been put into verse by Ennius.</p>
+
+<p>Aesopus ille e Phrygia fabularum scriptor haud
+<span class = "pagenum">17</span>
+inmerito sapiens existimatus est; quae enim utilia monitu suasuque
+erant, non severe praecepit, ut philosophis mos est, sed hilares
+iucundosque apologos commentus, in mentes hominum cum audiendi quâdam
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+inlecebrâ induit. Velut haec eius fabula de parvae avis nidulo lepide
+praemonet spem fiduciamque rerum, quas efficere quis possit, haut umquam
+in alio, sed in semetipso habendam. Hunc Aesopi apologum Q. Ennius in
+satiris versibus quadratis composuit, quorum
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+duo postremi hi sunt:</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>Hóc erit tibi árgumentum sémper in promptú situm,</p>
+<p>Né quid expectés amicos, quód tute agere póssies.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXIV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXV" id = "txt_XXV" href = "#notes_XXV">XXV.</a>
+A Fable of Aesop:&mdash;The Lark and the Reapers.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+A certain lark found the corn, in which it had built, ripe for cutting
+before its young were fledged. It therefore ordered them to report
+anything unusual which might happen in its absence. The first day they
+announced that the master had been to the field and had sent to ask his
+friends to help him to reap the corn. On hearing this the mother said
+that there was no immediate need for them to leave the field.</p>
+
+<p>Avis est parva, nomen est cassita. Habitat in segetibus, id ferme
+temporis ut appetat messis pullis iam iam plumantibus. Ea cassita in
+sementes forte congesserat tempestiviores; propterea frumentis
+flavescentibus pulli etiam tunc inplumes erant. Dum igitur
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+ipsa iret cibum pullis quaesitum, monet eos, ut, si quid ibi rei novae
+fieret dicereturve, animadverterent
+<span class = "pagenum">18</span>
+idque sibi, ubi rediisset, nuntiarent. Dominus postea segetum illarum
+filium adulescentem vocat et
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+“Videsne” inquit “haec maturuisse et manus iam postulare? idcirco cras,
+ubi primum dilucescit, fac amicos eas et roges, ut veniant operamque
+mutuam dent et in hac messi nos adiuvent.” Haec ubi ille dixit, et
+discessit. Atque ubi redit cassita, pulli tremibundi orare matrem, ut
+iam statim properet inque alium
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+locum sese asportet: “Nam dominus” inquiunt “misit, qui amicos roget,
+uti luce oriente veniant et metant.” Mater iubet eos otioso animo esse:
+“Si enim dominus” inquit “messim ad amicos reiicit, cras seges non
+metetur, neque necesse est hodie uti vos auferam.”
+<span class = "linenum">20</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXVI" id = "txt_XXVI" href = "#notes_XXVI">XXVI.</a>
+The Lark and the Reapers (<i>Continued</i>).</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Next day the young ones reported that the master, finding his friends
+had not come, had sent to ask the aid of his relations. The mother still
+tells them to be in no fear, and next day again goes out to seek food.
+This time the young ones report that the master, finding his relations
+lingered, had determined to cut the corn himself. On hearing this the
+mother announces that they must go at once.</p>
+
+<p>Die postero mater in pabulum volat. Dominus, quos rogaverat,
+opperitur. Sol fervit, et fit nihil; it dies, et amici nulli eunt. Tum
+ille rursum ad filium “Amici isti” inquit “cessatores sunt. Quin potius
+imus et cognatos adfinesque nostros oramus, ut adsint cras ad
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+metendum?” Itidem hoc pulli pavefacti matri nuntiant. Mater hortatur, ut
+tum quoque sine metu ac sine curâ sint; cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme
+tam faciles
+<span class = "pagenum">19</span>
+esse ait, ut ad laborem capessendum nihil cunctentur et statim dicto
+oboediant: “Vos modo” inquit
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+“advertite, si modo quid denuo dicetur.” Aliâ luce ortâ avis in pastum
+profecta est. Cognati et adfines operam, quam dare rogati sunt,
+neglexerunt. Ad postremum igitur dominus filio “Valeant” inquit “amici
+cum propinquis. Afferes primâ luce falces
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+duas; unam egomet mihi et tu tibi capies alteram et frumentum nosmetipsi
+manibus nostris cras metemus.” Id ubi ex pullis dixisse dominum mater
+audivit, “Tempus” inquit “est cedendi et abeundi; fiet nunc dubio procul
+quod futurum dixit. In ipso enim iam
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+vertitur cuia res est, non in alio, unde petitur.” Atque ita cassita e
+nido migravit, seges a domino demessa est.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXVI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXVII" id = "txt_XXVII" href =
+"#notes_XXVII">XXVII.</a>
+Pyrrus and Fabricius.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+A friend of King Pyrrus came to the Roman general Fabricius and offered
+to poison the King for a bribe. Fabricius reported the matter to the
+Senate, who warned Pyrrus to be on his guard. Pyrrus showed his
+gratitude by sending back all the Roman prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>Cum Pyrrus rex in terrâ Italiâ esset et unam atque alteram pugnas
+prospere pugnasset et pleraque Italia ad regem descivisset, tum
+Ambraciensis quispiam Timochares, regis Pyrri amicus, ad C. Fabricium
+consulem furtim venit ac praemium petivit et, si de
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+praemio conveniret, promisit se regem venenis necaturum; idque facile
+esse factu dixit, quoniam filius suus pocula in convivio regi
+ministraret. Eam rem
+<span class = "pagenum">20</span>
+Fabricius ad senatum scripsit. Senatus ad regem legatos misit
+mandavitque, ut de Timochare nihil
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+proderent, sed monerent, uti rex cautius ageret atque a proximorum
+insidiis salutem tutaretur. Quamobrem Pyrrus populo Romano laudes atque
+gratias scripsisse dicitur captivosque omnes, quos tum habuit,
+vestivisse et reddidisse.
+<span class = "linenum">15</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXVII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXVIII" id = "txt_XXVIII" href =
+"#notes_XXVIII">XXVIII.</a>
+Androclus and the Lion: Scene in the Circus.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+At the games in the Circus a lion of gigantic size was seen to fawn upon
+one of the condemned slaves exposed in the arena.</p>
+
+<p>In circo maximo venationis pugna populo dabatur. Multae ibi ferae,
+sed praeter alia omnia leo corpore vasto terrificoque fremitu et sonoro
+animos oculosque omnium in sese converterat. Introductus erat inter
+compluris ceteros ad pugnam bestiarum datos servus
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+viri consularis; ei servo Androclus nomen fuit. Hunc ille leo ubi vidit
+procul, repente quasi admirans stetit ac deinde sensim atque placide,
+tamquam familiaris, ad hominem accedit. Tum caudam more adulantium canum
+blande movet cruraque et manus hominis,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+prope iam exanimati metu, linguâ leniter demulcet. Homo Androclus inter
+illa tam atrocis ferae blandimenta amissum animum recuperat, paulatim
+oculos ad contuendum leonem refert. Tum quasi mutuâ
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+recognitione factâ laetos et gratulantes videres hominem et leonem.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXVIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">21</span>
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXIX" id = "txt_XXIX" href = "#notes_XXIX">XXIX.</a>
+Androclus and the Lion:&mdash;the Slave’s Story.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+When questioned by the Emperor the slave explained that he had fled from
+his master into the African desert, that he had by accident taken refuge
+in this lion’s cave, and, when the lion had returned to its home lame,
+he had extracted a thorn from its foot.</p>
+
+<p>Haec tam mira res maximos populi clamores excitat et Caesar Androclum
+vocat quaeritque causam, cur illi uni atrocissimus leo pepercisset. Ibi
+Androclus rem mirificam atque admirandam narrat. “Cum provinciam” inquit
+“Africam proconsulari imperio meus
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+dominus obtineret, ego ibi iniquis eius et cotidianis verberibus ad
+fugam sum coactus et, quo mihi a domino, terrae illius praeside,
+tutiores latebrae forent, in locos desertos et remotos concessi ac, si
+defuisset cibus, consilium fuit mortem aliquo pacto quaerere.
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+Tum die medio sole flagrante specum quemdam nanctus remotum
+latebrosumque, in eum me recondo. Neque multo post ad eundem specum
+venit hic leo, debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus edens et murmura ob
+dolorem cruciatumque vulneris. Atque illic
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+primo quidem conspectu advenientis leonis territus et pavefactus sum;
+sed postquam introgressus leo videt me procul delitescentem, mitis et
+mansuetus accessit et sublatum pedem ostendere mihi et porrigere quasi
+opis petendae gratiâ visus est. Ibi ego stirpem ingentem,
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+vestigio pedis eius haerentem, revelli conceptamque saniem volnere
+intimo expressi et sine magnâ iam formidine
+<span class = "pagenum">22</span>
+siccavi penitus atque detersi cruorem. Illâ tunc meâ operâ levatus, pede
+in manibus meis posito, recubuit et quievit<ins class = "correction"
+title = "” missing">.”</ins>
+<span class = "linenum">25</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXIX">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXX" id = "txt_XXX" href = "#notes_XXX">XXX.</a>
+Androclus and the Lion:&mdash;the Slave’s Story (<i>continued</i>).</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+For three years he and the lion had lived together. At last he had grown
+weary of the savage life, but as soon as he had returned to the haunts
+of men he had been captured, condemned, and sent to Rome to be exposed
+to the wild beasts in the circus. Androclus was pardoned and the lion
+was given to him.</p>
+
+<p>“Ex eo die triennium totum ego et leo in eodem specu eodemque et
+victu viximus. Nam, quas venabatur feras, membra opimiora ad specum mihi
+ferebat, quae ego, ignis copiam non habens, meridiano sole torrens
+edebam. Sed ubi me vitae illius ferinae iam
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+pertaesum est, leone in venatum profecto, reliqui specum et, viam ferme
+tridui permensus, a&nbsp;militibus visus adprehensusque sum et ad
+dominum ex Africâ Romam deductus. Is me statim rei capitalis damnandum
+dandumque ad bestias curavit. Intellego autem”
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+inquit “hunc quoque leonem me tunc separato captum, gratiam mihi nunc
+beneficii et medicinae referre.”</p>
+
+<p>Haec dixit Androclus; quae cum scripta essent circumlataque populo et
+declarata, cunctis petentibus
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+dimissus Androclus et poenâ solutus et leone suffragiis populi donatus.
+Postea Androclus et leo, loro tenui revinctus, urbe totâ circum tabernas
+ibat: donatus
+<span class = "pagenum">23</span>
+est aere Androclus, floribus sparsus est leo, omnesque ubique obvii
+exclamant, “Hic est leo hospes hominis,
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+hic est homo medicus leonis.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXX">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXI" id = "txt_XXXI" href = "#notes_XXXI">XXXI.</a>
+The Actor Polus.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Polus, having to act the part of Electra soon after his only son had
+died, appeared on the stage holding the urn which contained the remains
+of his son, and over this he wept the tears of real grief.</p>
+
+<p>Histrio in terrâ Graeciâ fuit famâ celebri, cui nomen erat Polus. Is
+unice amatum filium morte amisit, sed ubi cum satis visus est luxisse,
+rediit ad quaestum artis.</p>
+
+<p>Eo tempore Athenis Electram Sophoclis acturus,
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+gestare urnam quasi cum Oresti ossibus debebat. Ita compositum fabulae
+argumentum est ut, veluti fratris reliquias ferens, Electra comploret
+interitum eius existimatum. Igitur Polus, lugubri habitu Electrae
+indutus, ossa atque urnam e sepulcro tulit filii et,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+quasi Oresti amplexus, opplevit omnia non simulacris sed luctu atque
+lamentis veris. Itaque cum agi fabula videretur, dolor actus est.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXII" id = "txt_XXXII" href =
+"#notes_XXXII">XXXII.</a>
+A Greek Orator is bribed, and glories in his Shame.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+A Greek orator&mdash;some say Demosthenes, others Demades&mdash;at first
+opposed a request of the Milesians for aid, but took a bribe to withdraw
+his opposition. When the matter was again discussed he announced that he
+was suffering from an inflamed throat, and so could not speak. He
+afterwards openly boasted that he had been paid to hold his tongue.</p>
+
+<p>Legati Mileto auxilii petendi causâ venerunt
+<span class = "pagenum">24</span>
+Athenas. Tum qui pro sese verba facerent advocaverunt; hi, uti erat
+mandatum, verba pro Milesiis ad populum fecerunt, sed Demosthenes
+Milesiorum postulatis acriter respondit; neque Milesios auxilio
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+dignos neque ex republicâ id esse contendit. Res tandem in posterum diem
+prolata est. Tum legati ad Demosthenen venerunt oraveruntque, uti contra
+ne diceret. Is pecuniam petivit et quantam petiverat abstulit.
+Postridie, cum res agi denuo coepta esset,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+Demosthenes, lanâ multâ collum circumvolutus, ad populum prodit et dixit
+se synanchen pati; eo contra Milesios loqui non quire. Tum e populo
+quidam exclamavit, non synanchen eum pati sed argyranchen.</p>
+
+<p>Ipse etiam Demosthenes non id postea celavit, quin
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+gloriae quoque hoc sibi adsignavit. Nam cum interrogasset Aristodemum,
+actorem fabularum, quantum mercedis, uti ageret, accepisset, et
+Aristodemus talentum respondisset, “At ego plus” inquit “accepi, ut
+tacerem.”
+<span class = "linenum">20</span></p>
+
+<p>Quod hic diximus de Demosthene, id nonnulli scriptores in Demaden
+contulerunt.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXIII" id = "txt_XXXIII" href =
+"#notes_XXXIII">XXXIII.</a>
+Cicero.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Cicero once borrowed money to buy a house, but afterwards denied that he
+had ever taken the money or had intended to purchase the property. He
+did buy the house, and, when reminded of what he had said, replied that
+a prudent man always concealed his intended purchases.</p>
+
+<p>Cicero cum emere vellet in Palatio domum neque
+<span class = "pagenum">25</span>
+pecuniam in praesens haberet, a&nbsp;P. Sulla, qui tum reus erat, mutua
+sestertium viciens tacita accepit. Ea res tamen, priusquam emeret,
+prodita est et in vulgus exivit, obiectumque ei est, quod pecuniam domus
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+emendae causâ a reo accepisset. Tum Cicero inopinatâ obprobratione
+permotus accepisse se negavit ac domum quoque se empturum negavit. Sed
+cum postea emisset et hoc mendacium in senatu ei ab amicis obiiceretur,
+risit satis atque inter ridendum: “<span class = "greek" title =
+"akoinonoêtoi">ἀκοινονόητοι</span>”
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+inquit “homines estis, cum ignoratis prudentis et cauti patrisfamilias
+esse, quod emere velit, empturum sese negare propter competitores
+emptionis.”</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXIV" id = "txt_XXXIV" href =
+"#notes_XXXIV">XXXIV.</a>
+Fires at Rome:&mdash;a Remedy.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+“Property in Rome,” said a friend, “would be worth far more if the risk
+from fire were not so great.” “Archelaus,” replied Julianus, “preserved
+his defensive outworks from fire by covering them with alum.”</p>
+
+<p>Declamaverat Antonius Iulianus rhetor quam felicissime, eumque nos
+familiares eius circumfusi undique prosequebamur domum, cum subeuntes
+montem Cispium conspicimus insulam quandam multis, arduisque tabulatis
+editam, igni occupatam et propinqua iam
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+omnia flagrare vasto incendio. Tum quispiam ibi ex comitibus Iuliani,
+“Magni” inquit “reditus urbanorum praediorum, sed pericula sunt longe
+maxima. Si quid autem posset remedii fore, ut ne tam adsidue domus Romae
+arderent, venum hercle dedissem res rusticas
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+<span class = "pagenum">26</span>
+et urbicas emissem.” Atque illi Iulianus “Si annalem” inquit
+“undevicensimum Q. Claudi legisses, docuisset te profecto Archelaus,
+regis Mitridati praefectus, quo remedio ignem defenderes. In eo enim
+libro scriptum inveni, cum obpugnaret L.&nbsp;Sulla in terrâ Atticâ
+Piraeum
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+et contra Archelaus regis Mitridati praefectus ex eo oppido propugnaret,
+turrim ligneam defendendi gratiâ structam, cum ex omni latere
+circumplexa igni foret, ardere non quisse, quod alumine ab Archelao
+oblita fuisset.”
+<span class = "linenum">20</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXIV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXV" id = "txt_XXXV" href = "#notes_XXXV">XXXV.</a>
+Arion and the Dolphin.<br>
+1. The Robbery.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Arion, having gained much money in Italy and Sicily, took ship to return
+to Corinth, but was robbed and made to leap overboard by the
+sailors.</p>
+
+<p>Vetus et nobilis cantor Arion fuit. Is oppido Methymnaeus, terrâ
+Lesbius fuit. Eum Arionem rex Corinthi Periander amicum habuit artis
+gratiâ. Is inde a rege proficiscitur, ut terras praeclaras Siciliam
+atque Italiam viseret. Ubi eo venit aures omnium
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+mentesque in utriusque terrae urbibus delectavit, et postea grandem
+pecuniam adeptus Corinthum instituit redire. Navem igitur et navitas, ut
+notiores amicioresque sibi, Corinthios delegit. Sed ei Corinthii, homine
+accepto navique in altum provectâ, praedae
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+pecuniaeque cupidi, consilium de necando Arione ceperunt. Tum ille
+pecuniam ceteraque sua eis dedit
+<span class = "pagenum">27</span>
+vitam modo sibi ut parcerent oravit. Navitae per vim suis manibus eum
+non necaverunt, sed imperaverunt, ut iam statim coram desiliret praeceps
+in mare. Homo
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+ibi territus, spe omni vitae perditâ, id unum postea oravit, ut,
+priusquam mortem obpeteret, induere permitterent sua sibi omnia et fides
+capere et canere carmen. Quod oraverat impetrat, atque ibi mox de more
+cinctus, amictus, ornatus stansque in summâ
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+puppi, carmen, quod “orthium” dicitur, voce sublatissimâ cantavit. Ad
+postrema cantus cum fidibus ornatuque omni, sicut stabat canebatque,
+iecit sese procul in profundum.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXV">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXVI" id = "txt_XXXVI" href =
+"#notes_XXXVI">XXXVI.</a>
+Arion and the Dolphin.<br>
+2. The Rescue.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+A dolphin carried him safely to Taenarum; thence he travelled to
+Corinth, and told his adventure to the King. The sailors on their
+arrival were confronted by Arion and convicted of their crime.</p>
+
+<p>Navitae, hautquaquam dubitantes, quin periisset, cursum, quem facere
+coeperant, tenuerunt. Sed novum et mirum et pium facinus contigit.
+Delphinus repente inter undas adnavit, fluitantique sese homini
+subdidit, et dorso super fluctus edito vectavit
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+incolumique eum corpore et ornatu Taenarum in terram Laconicam devexit.
+Tum Arion prorsus ex eo loco Corinthum petivit talemque Periandro regi,
+qualis delphino vectus fuerat, inopinanti sese optulit, eique rem,
+sicuti acciderat, narravit. Rex istaec parum
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+<span class = "pagenum">28</span>
+credidit, Arionem, quasi falleret, custodiri iussit, navitas inquisitos,
+ablegato Arione, dissimulanter interrogavit, ecquid audissent in his
+locis, unde venissent, de Arione? Dixerunt hominem, cum inde irent, in
+terrâ Italiâ fuisse et illic bene agere. Tum inter
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+haec eorum verba Arion cum fidibus et indumentis, cum quibus se in salum
+deiecerat, extitit, navitaeque stupefacti convictique ire infitias non
+quiverunt. Hanc fabulam dicunt Lesbii et Corinthii, atque fabulae
+argumentum est quod simulacra duo aenea ad Taenarum
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+visuntur, delphinus vehens et homo insidens.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXVI">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXVII" id = "txt_XXXVII" href =
+"#notes_XXXVII">XXXVII.</a>
+The Thracian Husbandman.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+A Thracian having heard that trees required cutting and pruning,
+proceeded to chop the tops off his vines and olives, and thus in his
+ignorance destroyed all his property.</p>
+
+<p>Homo Thracus ex ultimâ barbariâ ruris colendi insolens, cum in terras
+cultiores migrasset, fundum mercatus est oleo atque vino consitum. Qui
+nihil admodum de vite aut arbore colendâ sciret, videt forte vicinum
+rubos alte atque late obortas excidentem,
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+fraxinos ad summum prope verticem deputantem, suboles vitium e radicibus
+super terram fusas revellentem, stolones in pomis aut in oleis proceros
+amputantem; acceditque prope et cur tantam ligni atque frondium caedem
+faceret, percontatus est. Et vicinus
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+ita respondit: “Ut ager” inquit “mundus purusque fiat, eius arbor atque
+vitis fecundior.” Discedit ille a
+<span class = "pagenum">29</span>
+vicino gratias agens et laetus, tamquam adeptus rei rusticae
+disciplinam. Tum falcem ac securim capit; atque ibi homo miser imperitus
+vites suas sibi omnis et oleas detruncat, comasque arborum laetissimas
+uberrimosque vitium palmites decidit, et virgulta simul omnia, pomis
+gignendis felicia, cum sentibus et rubis purgandi agri gratiâ
+convellit.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXVII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXVIII" id = "txt_XXXVIII" href =
+"#notes_XXXVIII">XXXVIII.</a>
+Mitridates.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Mitridates by the use of antidotes made himself proof against poisons:
+hence when he wished to kill himself he had to use his sword. He could
+speak perfectly the languages of the twenty-two nations over which he
+ruled.</p>
+
+<p>Mitridates ille Ponti rex medicinae rei et remediorum sollers erat,
+quorum adsiduo usu a clandestinis epularum insidiis cavebat; quin et
+ultro ostentandi gratiâ venenum rapidum et velox saepenumero hausit,
+atque id tamen sine noxâ fuit. Quamobrem postea, cum
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+proelio victus in ultima regni refugisset et mori decrevisset, venena
+festinandae necis causâ frustra expertus, suo se ipse gladio
+transegit.</p>
+
+<p>Quintus Ennius tria corda sese habere dicebat, quod loqui Graece et
+Osce et Latine sciret. Mitridates autem
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+duarum et viginti gentium, quas sub dicione habuit, linguas percalluit,
+earumque omnium gentium viris haut umquam per interpretem conlocutus
+est, sed linguâ et oratione cuiusque, non minus scite quam si gentis
+eius esset, locutus est.
+<span class = "linenum">15</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXVIII">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">30</span>
+<h4><a name = "txt_XXXIX" id = "txt_XXXIX" href =
+"#notes_XXXIX">XXXIX.</a>
+The Philosopher and His Pupil.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Euathlus agreed to pay Protagoras a certain sum of money on the day when
+he won his first case. He never undertook one, so at last Protagoras
+brought an action against him to recover the money. “You are in this
+dilemma,” said the philosopher: “if you lose this action, the court will
+award me the money; if you win it, you will have won your first case,
+and will owe me the fee according to our agreement.” “Nay,” replied the
+pupil, “if I win the action, I&nbsp;shall owe you nothing according to
+the sentence of the court; if I lose, I&nbsp;shall owe you nothing
+according to our agreement.”</p>
+
+<p>Euathlus, adulescens dives, eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi
+cupidus fuit. Is in disciplinam Protagorae sese dedit daturumque
+promisit mercedem grandem pecuniam, quantam Protagoras petiverat,
+dimidiumque eius dedit iam tunc pepigitque, ut
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+reliquum dimidium daret, quo primo die causam apud iudices orasset et
+vicisset. Postea cum diu auditor Protagorae fuisset, causas tamen non
+reciperet, tempusque iam longum transcurreret et facere id videretur, ne
+relicum mercedis daret, capit consilium Protagoras,
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+ut tum existimabat, astutum: petere institit ex pacto mercedem, litem
+cum Euathlo contestatur.</p>
+
+<p>Cum ad iudices venissent, tum Protagoras sic exorsus est: “Disce,”
+inquit “stultissime adulescens, utroque id modo fore, uti reddas quod
+peto, sive
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+contra te pronuntiatum erit sive pro te. Nam, si contra te lis data
+erit, merces mihi ex sententiâ debebitur, quia ego vicero; sin vero
+secundum te iudicatum erit, merces mihi ex pacto debebitur, quia tu
+viceris.”
+<span class = "linenum">20</span></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">31</span>
+<p>Ad ea respondit Euathlus: “Disce igitur tu quoque, magister
+sapientissime, utroque modo fore, uti non reddam quod petis, sive contra
+me pronuntiatum fuerit sive pro me. Nam, si iudices pro causâ meâ
+senserint, nihil tibi ex sententiâ debebitur, quia ego
+<span class = "linenum">25</span>vicero; sin contra me pronuntiaverint,
+nihil tibi ex pacto debebo, quia non vicero.”</p>
+
+<p>Tum iudices hoc inexplicabile esse rati, causam in diem longissimam
+distulerunt. Sic ab adulescente discipulo magister doctissimus suo ipse
+argumento
+<span class = "linenum">30</span>confutatus est.</p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XXXIX">Exercises</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "txt_XL" id = "txt_XL" href = "#notes_XL">XL.</a>
+Roman Respect for an Oath; The Story of the Ten Captives.</h4>
+
+<p class = "summary">
+Hannibal after the battle of Cannae sent ten captives to Rome to propose
+an exchange of prisoners, but bound the ten by an oath to return, if the
+Senate did not accept his offer. The Senate rejected it, and eight out
+of the ten returned, but two, yielding to the entreaties of their
+friends, and alleging that they had by a trick freed themselves from the
+obligation of the oath, remained behind. These two were treated with
+such scorn that they found life unbearable and committed suicide.</p>
+
+<p>Post proelium Cannense Hannibal ex captivis nostris electos decem
+Romam misit, mandavitque eis pactusque est, ut, si populo Romano
+videretur, permutatio fieret captivorum et pro his, quos alteri plures
+acciperent, darent argenti pondo libram et
+<span class = "linenum">5</span>
+selibram. Hoc, priusquam proficiscerentur, iusiurandum eos adegit,
+redituros esse in castra Poenica, si Romani captivos non
+permutarent.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">32</span>
+<p>Veniunt Romam decem captivi. Mandatum Poeni imperatoris in senatu
+exponunt. Permutatio senatui
+<span class = "linenum">10</span>
+non placet. Parentes, cognati adfinesque captivorum amplexi eos
+postliminio in patriam redisse dicebant, statumque eorum integrum
+incolumemque esse, ac, ne ad hostes redire vellent, orabant. Tum octo ex
+his postliminium iustum non esse sibi responderunt, quoniam
+<span class = "linenum">15</span>
+iure iurando vincti forent, statimque, uti iurati erant, ad Hannibalem
+profecti sunt. Duo reliqui Romae manserunt solutosque se esse ac
+liberatos religione dicebant, quoniam, cum egressi castra hostium
+fuissent, commenticio consilio, tamquam ob
+<span class = "linenum">20</span>
+aliquam fortuitam causam, eodem regressi sunt, atque ita rursum iniurati
+abissent. Haec eorum fraudulenta calliditas tam esse turpis existimata
+est, ut contempti vulgo sint censoresque eos postea omnibus ignominiae
+notis adfecerint.
+<span class = "linenum">25</span></p>
+
+<p>Multis autem in senatu placuit, ut datis custodibus ad Hannibalem
+deducerentur, sed ea sententia numero plurium, quibus id non videretur,
+superata. Usque adeo tamen invisi erant, ut taedio vitae necem sibi
+conscivissent.
+<span class = "linenum">30</span></p>
+
+<p class = "exlink"><a href = "#ex_XL">Exercises</a></p>
+
+</div> <!-- end div stories -->
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">33</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "notes" id = "notes">
+NOTES.</a></h3>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_I" id = "notes_I" href = "#txt_I">I.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>P. Vergilius Maro</b>, the greatest of Roman epic poets, was
+born 70 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> near Mantua, in the N. of
+Italy, and died 19 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> at Brundusium,
+in the S.E. of Italy. His chief works were the <i>Būcŏlĭcă</i> (<span
+class = "greek" title = "bou-koleô">βου-κολέω </span>, I&nbsp;tend
+cattle), or <i>Eclŏgae</i> (‘Selections,’ from <span class = "greek"
+title = "ek-legô">ἐκ-λέγω</span>, I&nbsp;choose out), a&nbsp;series of
+short poems, chiefly pastoral; the <i>Gĕorgĭcă</i> (<span class =
+"greek" title = "gê ergon">γῆ ἔργον</span>), a&nbsp;poetical treatise on
+agriculture; and the <i>Aenēïs</i>, or story of Aenēas, a&nbsp;poem in
+twelve books, relating the adventures of Aeneas after the fall of
+Troy<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p>2. <b>se parere versus</b>, ‘that he produced his verses like a
+bear,’ lit. ‘in a bear-like manner.’</p>
+
+<p><b>părĕre</b>, from <i>părio</i>. Distinguish three words,
+(1)&nbsp;<i>păro, -avi, -atum, -are</i>, ‘I&nbsp;prepare,’
+(2)&nbsp;<i>pāreo, -ui, -itum, -ēre</i>, ‘I&nbsp;obey,’ gov. dat. case,
+(3)&nbsp;<i>părio, pĕpĕri, partum</i>, or <i>parĭtum, <ins class =
+"correction" title = "- missing or invisible">-ĕre</ins></i>,
+‘I&nbsp;bring forth.’</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>lambendo</b>, abl. of the gerund, ‘by licking it’; so
+<b>tractando corrigendoque</b>, ‘by polishing and correcting them.’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>partus</b>, nom. pl., best translated by the English sing.,
+‘the offspring&nbsp;of...’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>reddo</b>, compound of <b>re</b> and <b>do</b>. <i>Rĕd</i> is
+used for <i>re</i> in <i>redămo</i>, <i>redarguo</i>, <i>reddo</i>,
+<i>redeo</i>, <i>redhibeo</i>, <i>redigo</i>, <i>redimo</i>,
+<i>redoleo</i>, <i>redundo</i>. In composition the <i>re</i> is short
+except in ... <b>rēligio</b> (often spelt <i>relligio</i>),
+<b>rēliquiae</b> (often spelt <i>relliquiae</i>), and the perfects of
+<i>rĕpello</i>, <i>rĕperio</i>, and <i>rĕfero</i>, viz., <b>rēpuli</b>
+(or <i>reppuli</i>), <b>rēperi</b> (or <i>repperi</i>), and
+<b>rētuli</b> (or <i>rettuli</i>). <b>Rēfert</b>, the impersonal verb,
+‘it concerns,’ is a compound of <i>res-fert</i>: <i>rĕfero</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">34</span>
+makes 3rd sing, <i>rĕfert</i>. <b>Re</b> or <i>red</i> in composition
+has two principal meanings, (1)&nbsp;‘back’ or ‘backward,’ as
+<i>redeo</i>, ‘I go back,’ (2)&nbsp;‘again,’ as <i>reficio</i>,
+‘I&nbsp;make again, repair.’ It also frequently denotes (3)&nbsp;‘duty’
+or ‘obligation,’ so <i>reddo</i> here means ‘I&nbsp;give as is due,’
+‘render.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_II" id = "notes_II" href = "#txt_II">II.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Menander</b> (342-291 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>),
+an Athenian comic poet, famous as the model of Roman dramatists,
+especially Terence.</p>
+
+<p><b>Philemon</b>, also an Athenian comic poet, the contemporary and
+rival of Menander.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>in certaminibus comoediarum</b>. In Athens dramas were
+represented at the great festivals in honour of Dionysus, at which
+“every citizen was present, as a matter of course, from daybreak to
+sunset” (Donaldson). Judges were appointed by lot to decide upon the
+merits of the rival plays. The successful poet was crowned with ivy, and
+his name was proclaimed before the audience.</p>
+
+<p><b>ambitus</b>, ‘bribery,’ from <i>ambio</i>; properly a ‘going
+round’ to canvass for votes, etc., especially by bribery.
+<i>Ambitio</i>, from the same verb, is used both in this sense and also
+as ‘a desire for power,’ etc., our ‘ambition.’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>quaeso</b>, used parenthetically like our ‘pray!’</p>
+
+<p><b>bonâ veniâ</b>, ‘apologizing for the question’; lit. ‘with your
+good leave...’ <i>i.e.</i> ‘pardon me, but...’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>nonne</b> introduces a question expecting the answer ‘Yes,’
+e.g. <i>nonne erubescis</i>, ‘do you not blush?’ <b>Num</b> introduces a
+question expecting the answer ‘No,’ e.g. <i>num erubescis</i>, ‘you do
+not blush, do you?’ <b>-ne</b> is used when the answer is doubtful, e.g.
+<i>erubescisne</i>, ‘do you blush?’</p>
+
+<p><b>erubesco</b>. The termination <i>-sco</i> shows that the verb is
+inceptive or inchoative, <i>i.e.</i> denotes the beginning
+(<i>inceptum</i>) of an action or state. Such verbs are always of the
+3rd conjugation, and form their perfects and supines (if they have
+supines, but in most inceptives the supine is wanting) from the simple
+verb or stem from which they spring, e.g. <i>pallesco</i> (from
+<i>palleo</i>), <i>pallui</i>, (no supine), <i>pallescere</i>,
+I&nbsp;begin to grow pale; <i>vĕtĕrasco</i> (from old form <i>vĕter</i>,
+classical <i>vĕtus</i>, <i>-ĕris</i>), <i>-ravi</i>, no sup.,
+<i>veterascĕre</i>, ‘I&nbsp;grow old.’</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">35</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_III" id = "notes_III" href =
+"#txt_III">III.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Aristoteles</b>, the Greek philosopher, was born at Stagīra, in
+Macedonia, 384 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> He lived for
+twenty years at Athens, where he was a pupil of Plato; afterwards he
+returned to Macedonia, and became the tutor of Alexander. When Alexander
+succeeded to the throne, Aristotle again went to Athens and taught
+philosophy for 13 years in the Lyceum, a&nbsp;gymnasium sacred to Apollo
+Lyceus. He died in 322 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> at Chalcis
+in Euboea. Many of his writings upon logic, moral and political
+philosophy, natural history, etc., have reached&nbsp;us.</p>
+
+<p><b>Plutarchus</b> was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia about 50 <span
+class = "smallroman">A.D.</span> He came to Rome at an early age, and
+spent many years there and in other parts of Italy. In his old age he
+returned to Chaeronea, where he died at an unknown date. His works were
+written in Greek: the most famous of them is the <i>Parallel Lives</i>
+of forty-six Greeks and Romans, arranged in pairs, a Greek and a Roman
+together (<i>e.g.</i> Alexander and Caesar, Demosthenes and Cicero), the
+life of each pair being followed by a short discussion of their
+comparative merits.</p>
+
+<p><b>hercle</b> is a nominative form; the similar exclamations
+<i>mehercules</i>, <i>mehercule</i>, <i>mehercle</i>, <i>hercules</i>,
+<i>hercule</i>, and <i>hercle</i> are all abbreviations for ‘<i>me
+Hercules juvet!</i>’ ‘may Hercules help me!’ Cf. the interjectional
+phrase, ‘<i>medius fidius</i>,’ for ‘<i>me deus Fidius juvet</i><ins
+class = "correction" title = "’ missing">’,</ins> ‘so help me the God of
+Faith!’</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>si super ...</b>, the order is ‘<i>si imponis magna pondera
+super lignum palmae arboris</i>.’</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>non deorsum</b>, the wood does not yield and bend inwards
+beneath the weight, but rises up against it and bends outwards.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>urgentibus opprimentibusque</b>, dat. after cedit, ‘it does not
+yield&nbsp;to....’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_IV" id = "notes_IV" href = "#txt_IV">IV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Socrates</b> was born at Athens 469 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> His father was a statuary, and in early life
+Socrates followed the same profession, but he soon abandoned it and
+devoted himself entirely to philosophy. He did not follow the usual
+custom of giving public lectures or opening a school, but went about in
+the city talking to men wherever he met them, and endeavouring to awake
+in them a love of true knowledge. By his attacks upon
+<span class = "pagenum">36</span>
+the popular theories and his free discussion of religious questions he
+roused a strong antagonism; at last he was impeached on the three
+charges of corrupting the Athenian youth, despising the gods of the
+State, and introducing new deities, and was executed by a draught of
+hemlock poison, 399 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> He left no
+written works, so that our knowledge of him is derived from the writings
+of his pupils and contemporaries, chiefly Plato and Xenophon.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>iris ... scatebat</b>, lit. ‘bubbled over with,’ ‘overflowed
+with ...’ Cf. Hor. <i>Od.</i> iii.&nbsp;27,&nbsp;26, ‘<i>scatentem
+beluis pontum</i>,’ ‘the ocean teeming with monsters’; and Aulus
+Gellius, <i>N.&nbsp;A.</i> l.&nbsp;15, uses ‘<i>scatere verbis</i>.’</p>
+
+<p><b>quam rem ... demiratus</b>, ‘having expressed his astonishment at
+this fact to her husband Socrates.’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>Alcibiades</b>, 450-404 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>,
+was a brilliant but unprincipled Athenian statesman, who became famous
+during the Peloponnesian war. He enjoyed the friendship of Socrates, was
+saved by Socrates at the battle of Potidaea, 432 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, and saved the life of Socrates at the battle
+of Delium, 424 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span></p>
+
+<p>5. <b>ăcerbum</b>, <i>ăcer-bus</i> from <i>ācer</i>, as
+<i>sŭper-bus</i> from <i>sŭper</i>. Usually words retain the quantity of
+the word from which they are derived, but there are many exceptions,
+e.g. <i>hŏmo</i> and <i>hūmanus</i>, <i>nōtus</i> and <i>cog-nĭtus</i>,
+so <i>rex</i>, gen. <i>rēgis</i>, but <i>rĕgo</i>, <i>dux</i>, gen.
+<i>dŭcis</i>, but <i>dūco</i>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>insuesco</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_II">note on
+<i>erubesco</i>, ii. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>exerceor</b>, in a middle sense, ‘I exercise myself.’ Cf.
+<i>faciunt idem, cum exercentur, athletae</i> (Cic. <i>Tusc.</i>
+ii.&nbsp;23, 56), ‘athletes do the same when they exercise themselves.’
+Many Latin passives have thus a ‘middle’ force; cf. <i>vertor</i>,
+I&nbsp;turn myself; <i>lavor</i>, I&nbsp;wash myself; and the deponents
+<i>glorior</i>, I&nbsp;boast myself; <i>vescor</i>, I&nbsp;feed myself,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>ut ... feram</b>, ‘so that I bear more easily.’ <i>Ut</i> used
+in a consecutive sense, <i>i.e.</i> denoting the consequence or
+result.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_V" id = "notes_V" href = "#txt_V">V.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>corporis firmandi causâ</b>, ‘(undergone) for the sake of
+strengthening his body’&mdash;the gerundive attraction. Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XIII">note xiii.&nbsp;1</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>ad solem alterum orientem</b>, ‘till the next sunrise.’ <i>Sol
+oriens</i> is used for sunrise, <i>i.e.</i> the rising of the sun, as
+<span class = "pagenum">37</span>
+‘<i>summus mons</i>’ for ‘the top of the mountain,’ <i>Caesar
+mortuus</i> for ‘the death of Caesar,’ etc.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>tanquam ... facto</b>, lit. a certain withdrawal, as it were,
+of mind and feeling from the body having taken place, <i>i.e.</i> ‘mind
+and feeling having, as it were, left his body.’ He stood in seeming
+unconsciousness. <i>Animus</i>, when contrasted with <i>mens</i>, is the
+mind as the seat of the passions, etc.; <i>mens</i> the higher reasoning
+faculty, the intellect.</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>valitudine integra</b>, the abl. absolute, ‘in unimpaired
+health.’</p>
+
+<p><i>Ablative Absolute</i>, ‘absolute’ (<i>absolutus</i>, fr.
+<i>ab·solvo</i>, ‘I&nbsp;release’) here means ‘released’ from government
+by any word in the principal sentence.</p>
+
+<p>The construction is one of many varieties of the adverbial ablative;
+<i>e.g.</i> the abl. of time, the abl. of place where, the abl. of
+manner, etc.; but it differs from these ablatives&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>(1) In being equivalent to a complete clause, e.g. <i>Caesar hoc
+dixit, convocatis militibus</i> is equivalent to <i>cum milites
+convocati essent</i>.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Or, to express the same fact in another way, it consists of two
+words each in the ablative, one of which stands to the other in the
+relation of predicate to subject; the ‘subject’ being a substantive or
+pronoun, the ‘predicate’ a participle, adjective, substantive, or, more
+rarely, a&nbsp;pronoun.</p>
+
+<p><i>Exceptions:</i> But (<i>a</i>) sometimes the subject is not
+expressed, and a participle is used impersonally by itself in the abl.
+absol.&mdash;the participle here being equivalent to a clause containing
+an impersonal verb, e.g. <i>mihi</i>, <i>errato</i>, <i>nulla venia</i>,
+‘there is no pardon for me, if I blunder’ (<i>errato = si erratum erit a
+me</i>).</p>
+
+<p>(<i>b</i>) Sometimes a whole clause is substituted for the abl. of
+the ‘subject’: e.g. <i>excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus</i>,
+‘happy in all respects, except the fact that you were not with me’ (lit.
+‘the fact that you were not with me being excepted’).</p>
+
+<p><i>Examples:</i> (1) Subst. and participle, <i>Tullio regnante
+vixerunt</i>, ‘they lived whilst Tullius was king.’ (2)&nbsp;Subst. and
+adj., <i>Hannibale vivo Romani semper Poenos timuerunt</i>, ‘the Romans
+always feared the Carthaginians whilst Hannibal lived.’ (3)&nbsp;Subst.
+and subst., <i>Nil desperandum Teucro duce</i>, ‘there is no cause for
+despair whilst Teucer is our leader.’ (4)&nbsp;Subst. and pron., <i>quid
+hoc populo obtineri potest</i>, ‘what can be maintained with such a
+people as this?’ (5)&nbsp;Pron.
+<span class = "pagenum">38</span>
+and participle, <i>eis occisis ceteri domum redierunt</i>, ‘when those
+men had been slain the rest returned home.’ (6)&nbsp;Pron. and adj.,
+<i>me invito id fecit</i>, ‘he did it contrary to my wishes.’
+(7)&nbsp;Pron. and subst., <i>eo rege tuti erant</i>, ‘they were safe
+whilst he was king.’</p>
+
+<p><i>Note.</i>&mdash;(1) The abl. absolute sometimes expresses merely
+time (<i>e.g.</i> <i>inita aestate</i>, ‘at the beginning of summer’),
+but more often attendant circumstances, or cause.</p>
+
+<p>(2) The abl. absol. cannot be used when the ‘subject’ of the clause
+is the same as the subject or object of the principal clause. This rule
+is sometimes, but rarely, violated.</p>
+
+<p>(3) In Greek the genitive is the absolute case: in most modern
+languages the nom. is thus used: but the acc. is sometimes used
+absolutely in German, and in Old English the accusative (representing
+the dative of Anglo-Saxon) was used absolutely. Milton uses both nom.
+and acc.: cf. “Us dispossessed,” <i>Par.&nbsp;L.</i>, <a href =
+"#txt_VII">vii.&nbsp;140</a>; “I&nbsp;extinct,” id. <a href =
+"#txt_IX">ix.&nbsp;994</a>.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>pestilentia</b>, the famous plague of Athens, which raged
+during the second and third years of the <b>Peloponnesian war</b>. This
+was a war between Athens with her allies and Sparta with her allies,
+which lasted for 28 years, from 431 to 404 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, and ended in the defeat of Athens and the loss
+of her maritime supremacy.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_VI" id = "notes_VI" href = "#txt_VI">VI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Alexander III</b>. (356-323 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>), surnamed the Great, ascended the throne of
+Macedonia on the death of his father Philip, 336 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> In the 13 years of his reign he conquered the
+greater part of Eastern Europe and Asia Minor, and marched even into
+Northern India and Egypt. The incident here mentioned happened in his
+Indian campaign. In 327 he crossed the Indus, entered the <ins class =
+"correction" title = "spelling unchanged">Punjaub</ins>, defeated and
+captured the Indian king Porus in a great battle on the banks of the
+Hydaspes, and founded there two towns&mdash;Bucephalon and Nicaea. He
+continued his progress as far as the banks of the Hyphasis, but here his
+wearied troops mutinied and refused to advance any further.</p>
+
+<p><b>Būcĕphălās</b> (<span class = "greek" title = "boukephalas, bous kephalê">βουκεφάλας, βοῦς κεφαλή</span>),
+‘ox-head,’ so called from the breadth of its forehead.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>emptum</b>, ‘Chares has stated that it was bought for 13
+talents.’ <i>talentis</i>, abl. of price.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">39</span>
+<p><b>Chares</b> was an officer at Alexander’s court, who wrote a series
+of anecdotes about the life and exploits of the king.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>hoc autem</b>, the order <i>is hoc est nostri aeris summa
+trecenta duodecim sestertia</i>, ‘this is in (lit. of) our money the sum
+(of) 312 sestertia.’ Sestertium = 1,000 sestertii, about £8 at this
+time. Therefore 312 sestertia = £312 x 8 = £2,496. For <i>sestertium</i>
+cf. <a href = "#txt_XXXIII">xxxiii.&nbsp;2.</a></p>
+
+<p>6. <b>haud unquam</b>, etc., ‘it never allowed itself to be mounted
+by any one except the king.’</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>faceret</b>, subj. after <i>cum</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cum</i> (= when), like other temporal conjunctions, takes as a
+rule the indic. mood; but the subj. is required when the time of the
+<i>cum</i> clause is regarded as depending on the time of the principal
+clause. This is usually the case in past time, hence the rule is that
+<i>cum</i> in past time requires the imperf. or plup. subj., unless
+(1)&nbsp;it is used in a frequentative sense, <i>e.g.</i> ‘as often as’
+(but later writers, <i>e.g.</i> Livy, often use the subj. even in this
+sense), e.g. <i>cum palam ejus anuli ad palmam converterat, a&nbsp;nullo
+videbatur</i> (Cic. <i>Off.</i>), ‘as often as he turned the bezel of
+that ring to his palm, he was seen by no one,’ cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XIV">xiv.&nbsp;7</a>, <i>id cum dixerat</i>, ‘as often as he had
+said that’; (2)&nbsp;it is simply equivalent to <i>et tum</i>, e.g.
+<i>castra ibi posita, cum subito advenere Samnitium legiones</i> (Livy),
+‘the camp had been pitched there, when the Samnite legions suddenly
+arrived’; (3)&nbsp;the two clauses mark strictly contemporaneous events,
+<i>tum</i> being often added in the principal clause to mark this fact,
+e.g. <i>vos tum paruistis cum paruit nemo</i> (Cic.
+<i>p.&nbsp;Lig.</i>&nbsp;7), ‘you were obedient at a time when no one
+(else) was obedient.’</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>non satis sibi providens</b>, ‘without sufficient
+forethought.’</p>
+
+<p><b>inmisit</b> used absolutely, <i>i.e.</i> without an object; this,
+if expressed, would be ‘<i>equum</i>,’ ‘spurred it forward against.’</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>moribundus</b>. The termination <i>bundus</i>, or
+<i>cundus</i>, denotes fulness, e.g. <i>vagabundus</i>, ‘wandering’;
+<i>iracundus</i>, ‘wrathful.’ Cf. <i>L. Primer</i>, p.&nbsp;58, § 70
+<span class = "smallroman">E</span>.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>e mediis hostibus</b>, ‘from the midst of the enemy.’ In many
+phrases the adj. is used in Latin where in English we use a subst. with
+another subst. depending on it, and <i>vice versa</i>: e.g. <i>summus
+mons</i>, ‘the top of the mountain’; but <i>animi dolor</i>, ‘mental
+pain’; cf. <a href = "#txt_V">v.&nbsp;3</a>, <i>sol oriens</i>.</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>domini iam superstitis securus</b>, ‘relieved from anxiety
+<span class = "pagenum">40</span>
+for its master, now safe.’ For the genitive <i>domini</i> after
+<i>securus</i>, cf. <i>sēcūră fŭtūri</i>, Ovid; <i>sēcūrus pĕlăgi atque
+mei</i>, Verg.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_VII" id = "notes_VII" href =
+"#txt_VII">VII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Alcibiades</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_IV">iv. 4. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pericles</b> was a great Athenian statesman. He was born about 490
+<span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> (the year of the battle of
+Marathon), and first took part in public affairs in 469, when Athens was
+beginning to develop rapidly after the Persian wars. From this time till
+his death in 429 he was the recognised leader of the democratic party.
+Under his guidance Athens became the most powerful state and the most
+beautiful city in Greece.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăvuncŭlus</b> (deminutive of <i>ăvus</i>, a grandfather) is an
+uncle on the mother’s side&mdash;a mother’s brother; <i>pătruus</i>
+(<i>pā̆ter</i>), an uncle on the father’s side&mdash;a father’s
+brother.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>puerum docendum curavit</b>, ‘had the boy educated.’ This use
+of the gerundive in a final sense, as ‘<b>an oblique predicate</b>’ with
+the direct object of certain transitive verbs, e.g. <i>curo</i>,
+<i>do</i>, <i>suscipio</i>, etc., is common in Latin writers, especially
+Caesar. Cf. <i>pontem faciendum curavit</i>, ‘he had a bridge made’;
+<i>agros eis habitandos dedit</i>, ‘he gave them lands to dwell in’;
+<i>me dandum ad bestias curavit</i> (<a href = "#txt_XXX">xxx.</a>),
+‘he had me given to the wild beasts.’ Cf. Note <a href =
+"#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1. iv.</a>, on the Gerundive.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>canere tibiis</b>, ‘to play on the pipes.’ Both Greeks and
+Romans usually played on a double pipe, composed of two instruments not
+unlike flageolets, joined at the mouth-piece, and spreading out in the
+form of a V; hence the plural <i>tibiae</i>. <i>Tibia</i> means
+originally the shin bone, and then a musical instrument, pipes or flutes
+being at first made of bone.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_VIII" id = "notes_VIII" href =
+"#txt_VIII">VIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>C. Fabricius</b> Luscīnus was one of the most popular heroes in
+Roman history. He was regarded as the type of the old-fashioned honest
+warrior, who was proof against the luxury and corruption of the rising
+generation. In his first consulship, 282 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, he defeated the Lucanians, Bruttians, and
+Samnites; in 280-278 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> he served
+with distinction against Pyrrus (cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XXVII">xxvii.</a>).</p>
+
+<p>The <b>Samnites</b> were a powerful people living to the east of
+<span class = "pagenum">41</span>
+Rome. The Romans first came into contact with them in 343 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>; for 50 years there was war between the two
+nations; at last the Samnites were conquered, but they still maintained
+their love of freedom, and once more proved formidable opponents to Rome
+in the Social War, 90 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span></p>
+
+<p>2. <b>memoratis ... rebus</b>, abl. absolute, ‘after mentioning the
+many great services which he had rendered (<i>rebus quae bene
+fecisset</i>) to the Samnites after the restoration of peace....’</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>post redditam pacem</b>. <i>Pax reddita</i>, ‘the restoration
+of peace.’ Cf. <i>sol oriens</i>, ‘the rising of the sun,’ <a href =
+"#notes_V">v.&nbsp;3. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>dono</b>, as a gift, the predicative dative, or dative of
+purpose used as a complement. Cf. Hor. <i>exitio est avidum mare
+nautis</i>, ‘the greedy sea is [as] a&nbsp;destruction to sailors.’</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>quâ</b>, abl. after <i>usus</i>, ‘for which I have no
+use.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_IX" id = "notes_IX" href = "#txt_IX">IX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Hannibal</b>, the famous general of the Carthaginians in the
+second Punic war, was born in 247 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>
+In 218 he began his march from Spain into Italy, crossed the Alps, and
+defeated the Romans in N. Italy on the Ticinus and the Trebia; then
+followed the great victories at Lake Trasimenus, 217, and Cannae, 216.
+In 203 Hannibal was compelled to return to Africa to oppose Scipio, who
+had defeated the Carthaginian troops and their ally Syphax.
+A&nbsp;decisive battle was fought at Zama, October 19th, 202, in which
+Scipio gained a great victory over Hannibal. In the following year peace
+was made. Hannibal now set to work to prepare Carthage for a fresh
+struggle, but his political enemies denounced his designs to the Romans,
+and he was compelled in 193 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> to
+take refuge at the court of <b>Antiochus</b> the Great, King of Syria,
+who was on the eve of war with Rome. On the defeat of Antiochus the
+surrender of Hannibal was made one of the conditions of peace; but he
+fled to Prusias, King of Bithynia, 188 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> The Romans still pursued him, and sent
+messengers to Prusias demanding his surrender. Fearing that Prusias
+would be unable to resist this demand, and not knowing whither to flee
+to escape the vengeance of his enemies, he took poison, 183 <span class
+= "smallroman">B.C.</span></p>
+
+<p>2. <b>ingentis</b>. The acc. pl. of <i>-i</i> nouns of the 3rd decl.
+varies in the mss. between <i>-īs</i>, <i>-eis</i>, and <i>ēs</i>. All
+three forms seem to have been used till the Augustan age, after which
+period the
+<span class = "pagenum">42</span>
+form in <i>-es</i> prevailed. A&nbsp;nom. pl. also in <i>-is</i> and
+<i>-eis</i> is found sometimes in the mss. of Plautus and Lucretius and
+in old inscriptions.</p>
+
+<p><b>populo Romano</b>, dat. of the ‘Remoter Object’ after
+<i>facturus</i>, the ‘nearer object’ being <i>bellum</i>.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>currus cum falcibus</b>. The wheels of these chariots were
+armed with projecting scythes or hooks, which kept the enemy at a
+distance, or cut them down, as the charioteers drove at full speed
+through their ranks. These war chariots were in use among the Assyrians,
+Persians, Medes, and Syrians in Asia, and in Europe among the Gauls and
+Britons. Some have supposed that these are the ‘chariots of iron’
+referred to in the books of Joshua and Judges; but Xenophon
+(<i>Cyrop.</i>, vi. i.&nbsp;30) says that ‘scythe chariots’ were not
+introduced into Asia Minor till the time of Cyrus.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>elephantos cum turribus</b>, small turrets placed on the backs
+of the elephants, and carrying a few soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>frenis</b>. The bits were sometimes made of silver and gold,
+and the bridles decorated with jewels, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>ephippiis</b>. The saddles in use among Eastern nations, the
+Greeks and the Romans, consisted sometimes of a mere skin or cloth,
+sometimes of a wooden frame, upon which padded cloth, etc., was
+stretched; from either side cloths hung down, often dyed with bright
+colours, and decorated with fringes, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>monilibus</b>, necklets used as ornaments for horses, as well as
+for men and women.</p>
+
+<p><b>phaleris</b>, bosses of metal attached as ornaments to the harness
+of horses and the armour of men. They were sometimes hung as pendants to
+the horse’s saddle, and jangled loudly as it charged forward against the
+enemy. For these military ornaments cf. the well-known passage in
+Verg.,<i> Aen.</i> vii.&nbsp;276&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p><i>Omnibus extemplo Teucris jubet ordine duci</i></p>
+<p><i>Instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis;</i></p>
+<p><i>Aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent;</i></p>
+<p><i>Tecti auro, fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>7. <b>putasne</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_II">ii. 5. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>Poenus</b> (<i>Poenĭcus</i> or <i>Pūnĭcus</i>), properly
+Phoenician, but applied by Roman writers especially to the inhabitants
+of Carthage, which was founded about 850 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> by Phoenician colonists, who came probably from
+Tyre.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">43</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_X" id = "notes_X" href = "#txt_X">X.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Milo</b> was the most famous wrestler in Greece; he was six
+times victor in wrestling at the Olympic games and seven times at the
+Pythian games. Many stories are told about his great strength: he is
+said to have carried a heifer four years old on his shoulders through
+the stadium (or race course, a&nbsp;distance of about 40 yards), to have
+then killed it with a blow of his fist, and eaten the whole of it the
+same day. He was a pupil of the great philosopher Pythagoras, at
+Crotona. One day the pillar on which the roof of the school rested
+suddenly gave way, but Milo supported the whole weight of the building,
+and gave the philosopher and his disciples time to escape.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crotona</b> was a Greek city on the S.E. coast of Italy, founded
+740 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> by the Achaeans. It became
+the most important city in S. Italy, owing to its trade with the E.
+Mediterranean. It attained its greatest power in 510 by the defeat of
+its neighbour and rival Sybaris: on this occasion Milo commanded the
+army of Crotona.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crotoniensis</b>. Note the use of the adj. where we employ a
+subst. and prep., ‘Milo of Crotona’; so <i>pugna Cannensis</i> (<a href
+= "#txt_XL">xl.&nbsp;1.</a>), ‘the Battle of Cannae,’ etc.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>artem athleticam desisset</b>, ‘had given up athletics.’ The
+acc. after <i>desino</i> is rare, and chiefly poetical; but Cicero
+(<i>Fam.</i> vii. 1.&nbsp;4) uses <i>artem desinere</i>.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>rimis in parte mediâ hiantem</b>, lit. ‘gaping open with cracks
+in the middle.’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>an ullae ... adessent</b>. <i>Adessent</i> is the subj. after
+the dependent interrogative word <i>an</i>; the construction is called
+the Indirect or Dependent Question, <i>Interrogatio Obliqua</i>. Thus
+‘who are you?’ is ‘<i>quis es?</i>’ but ‘I&nbsp;ask you who you are’ is
+‘<i>interrogo quis sis</i>.’</p>
+
+<p><b>ullae</b>. <i>Quisquam</i> (pronoun) and <i>ullus</i> (adjective)
+are used for ‘any’ in comparative and negative sentences, in questions
+expecting the answer No, and in hypothetical sentences.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>rediit in naturam</b>, ‘returned to its natural (<i>i.e.</i>
+former) position.’</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>feris</b>, dat. after <i>praebuit</i>, ‘gave the man to the
+beasts to tear to pieces.’ For this use of the gerundive cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">44</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_XI" id = "notes_XI" href = "#txt_XI">XI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Romae</b>, ‘at Rome,’ the locative case. This case, which had
+almost died out in classical Latin, originally ended in <i>-i</i> for
+the singular and <i>-s</i> for the plural. In some forms it still
+survived, viz., (1)&nbsp;in such words as <i>militiae</i> (earlier
+<i>militiai</i>), <i>belli</i>, ‘in the field,’ ‘at the war’;
+<i>domi</i>, at home; <i>humi</i>, ‘on the ground’; <i>vesperi</i> (or
+<i>-e</i>), ‘in the evening’; <i>ruri</i>, ‘in the country’;
+<i>luci</i>, ‘in the light’; and the adverbs <i>ubi</i>, ‘in which
+place’; <i>ibi</i>, ‘in that place,’ etc.; (2)&nbsp;in the names of
+towns&mdash;<i>Romae</i> (earlier <i>Romai</i>), ‘at Rome’;
+<i>Tarenti</i>, ‘at Tarentum’; <i>Carthagini</i> (or <i>Carthagine</i>),
+‘at Carthage,’ etc.; (3)&nbsp;in such phrases as <i>animi angor</i>,
+‘I&nbsp;am vexed in mind’; <i>maturus aevi</i>, ‘advanced in age,’
+etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Curiam</b>. The word Curia is connected with Cŭres, the chief town
+of the Sabines, and Quĭrītes (or Cŭrītes), the inhabitants of Cŭres. It
+originally denoted one of the 30 divisions into which the Romans and
+Sabines were divided when they united in one community. The word was
+then applied to the building used for the religious service of a Curia,
+and afterwards especially to the building in which the Senate met.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>praetextatis</b>, <i>i.e.</i> wearing the <i>toga
+praetexta</i>, a&nbsp;white toga with a broad purple border, worn under
+the Republic by the higher magistrates, by persons engaged in paying
+vows, and by free-born children. It is said to have been adopted from
+the Etruscans, and made the royal robe by Tullus Hostilius; and to have
+been worn with the <i>bulla</i> by boys after the reign of Tarquinius
+Priscus, whose son at the age of fourteen slew an enemy with his own
+hand in the Sabine war, and was allowed as a reward to wear the royal
+robe.</p>
+
+<p><b>maior</b>, more important than usual.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>placuitque ut eam rem ne quis...</b>. ‘It was resolved that no
+one should mention the matter until a decision had been arrived at’
+(lit. until it had been decreed).</p>
+
+<p><b>ut ... ne quis</b>, or <i>ne quis</i>, ‘that no one,’ is always
+used in a final sentence instead of <i>ut nemo</i>; so <i>ne quid</i>,
+<i>ne ullus</i>, and <i>ne unquam</i>, instead of <i>ut nihil</i>, <i>ut
+nullus</i>, <i>ut nunquam</i>. The indefinite pronoun <i>quis</i> is, as
+a rule, used for ‘any’ or ‘some’ in relative sentences, and after
+<i>si</i>, <i>nisi</i>, <i>num</i>, <i>ne</i>, and <i>cum</i>; but
+<i>aliquis</i> is sometimes found after <i>si</i>, more rarely after
+<i>ne</i>.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>decreta esset</b>. The subj. is required, because this is a
+<span class = "pagenum">45</span>
+dependent sentence forming part of the <i>Oratio Obliqua</i> after
+<i>placuit</i>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>egissent</b>, subj. after the dependent interrogative
+<i>quidnam</i>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_X">x.&nbsp;6. note</a>. For the
+same reason <i>videretur</i>, line 11, is in subj.</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>lepidi mendacii consilium capit</b>, ‘bethought himself of an
+amusing falsehood.’</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>utrum ... unusne ... an...</b>. The <i>-ne</i> is
+‘pleonastic,’ <i>i.e.</i> more than is required, for the sentence would
+be complete without it&mdash;<i>utrum videretur utilius ut unus ... an
+(videretur utilius) ut una....</i> This idiom is chiefly ante-classical
+(found often in Plautus), but Cicero uses it, ‘<i>est etiam illa
+distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum ... an ...</i>’
+(Cic. <i>Tusc.</i> iv.&nbsp;27, 59). Translate ‘He said the Senate had
+discussed whether it seemed more useful and advantageous to the State
+that one man should have two wives, or that one woman should be married
+to two men.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XII" id = "notes_XII" href =
+"#txt_XII">XII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>3. <b>matrum familias</b>, gen. plur. of <i>mater familias</i>. When
+<i>familia</i> is compounded with <i>pater</i>, <i>mater</i>,
+<i>filius</i>, and <i>filia</i>, the old gen. sing.
+<i>famili</i><b>as</b> is usually found, but <i>familiae</i> also is
+frequently used by Cicero and other writers, by Livy always. In Sallust
+and later writers even <i>patres familiarum</i> is found.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>una potius ... duae</b>. The order is <i>ut una (uxor) nupta
+fieret duobus viris potius quam ut duae (uxores nuptae fierent) uni
+(viro)</i>.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>esset, vellet</b>, subj. after the dept. interrogatives
+<i>quae</i> and <i>quid</i>; so <b>institisset</b> and <b>dixisset</b>.
+Cf. <a href = "#notes_X">x.&nbsp;6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>quid sibi postulatio istaec vellet</b>, ‘what that demand of
+theirs meant.’ <i>Quid sibi res vult</i>, ‘what does the thing mean?’
+lit. ‘what does it wish for itself?’ ‘what is its object or drift?’ so
+<i>quid tibi vis</i>, ‘what do you mean, or want?’ and, more rarely,
+<i>quid mihi volo</i>, ‘what do I mean, or want?’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XIII" id = "notes_XIII" href =
+"#txt_XIII">XIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Sertorius</b> was a Roman general, who first distinguished
+himself in Gaul. On the outbreak of civil war in 88 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> between Marius and Sulla he joined the former.
+At first the Sullan party were victorious, but when their leader went to
+the East
+<span class = "pagenum">46</span>
+to fight against Mitridates they were defeated, and from 87-82 the
+Marian party were supreme. In 83 (or, according to another writer, 82)
+Sertorius was sent to Spain as governor in the Marian interest. Finding
+himself unable to hold his ground against the Sullan generals, he
+crossed to Africa, and gained various successes there. The Lusitani, who
+inhabited the western part of the Spanish peninsula, then invited him to
+become their leader against the Romans. He returned with a small force
+of 2,600 men, one third of whom were Libyans, and then by his
+extraordinary influence over the natives, and his great powers of
+organisation, succeeded in forming an army which for years set at
+defiance every effort made by the generals of the Sullan party, which
+was now in the ascendant. In 76 Pompeius was sent to Spain with a large
+army to reinforce the Sullan generals, but for five years more Sertorius
+held his ground. At last, in 72 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>,
+he was assassinated by Perperna and other of his own Roman officers, who
+were jealous of his power.</p>
+
+<p><b>et utendi et regendi exercitus</b>, the gerundial attraction. When
+an object is expressed after a gerund, the construction called the
+gerundial, or <b>gerundival attraction</b> is preferred. In this
+construction the object is attracted (if it differs) into the case of
+the gerund, and the gerund, taking adjectival inflections (and then
+called the gerundive), is made to agree adjectivally with the object in
+number and gender.</p>
+
+<p>Examples:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "hanging">
+<p><i>a.</i> The Acc., <i>praemisit milites ad Gallos insequendos</i>,
+‘he sent the soldiers forward to pursue the Gauls.’</p>
+
+<p><i>b.</i> The Gen., <i>causâ urbis delendae</i>, ‘for the sake of
+destroying the city.’</p>
+
+<p><i>c.</i> The Dat., <i>bello gerendo me praefecistis</i>, ‘you placed
+me in command of the management of the war.’</p>
+
+<p><i>d.</i> The Abl., <i>in vestigiis persequendis operam
+consumpsi</i>, ‘I&nbsp;spent labour in following their tracks.’</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Gerundival Attraction is of course only used with transitive
+verbs which govern a direct object in the acc. case. The words
+<i>fungor</i>, <i>fruor</i>, <i>utor</i>, <i>vescor</i>, <i>potior</i>
+are exceptions; they are used both in this construction and in the
+constructions explained in ii. and iii. below, because they were
+originally transitive, and governed an acc.</p>
+
+<p>The <b>gerunds</b> and <b>gerundives</b> are the substantival and
+adjectival forms respectively of a participle in <i>-ndus</i>. Under the
+<span class = "pagenum">47</span>
+gerund are included the substantival forms in <i>-ndum, -ndi, -ndo</i>;
+under the gerundive the full adjectival declension in <i>-ndus, a,
+um</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>The uses of the gerund and gerundive</b> may be divided under four
+headings.</p>
+
+<p>i. By its oblique cases the gerund (and the gerundive in the
+construction mentioned above&mdash;the ‘gerundival attraction’)
+completes the active infinite verb noun, which is only used in the nom. and acc.,
+<ins class = "correction" title = "both dots invisible">e.g.</ins>
+<i>haec ad iudicandum sunt facillima</i>, ‘these
+matters are very easy to decide’; <i>amor agendi, canendi</i>, etc.,
+‘love of acting, singing,’ etc.; <i>causâ agendi</i>, ‘for the sake of
+acting’; <i>aqua utilis bibendo</i>, ‘water useful for drinking’;
+<i>mens alitur discendo</i>, ‘the mind is nourished by learning.’</p>
+
+<p>ii. The nom. (and in <i>oratio obliqua</i> the acc.) of the gerund is
+used intransitively with parts of the verb <i>sum</i> (<i>est</i>,
+<i>erat</i>, <i>fuit</i>, <i>esse</i>,
+<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing or invisible">etc.</ins>),
+as an impersonal verb to denote necessity, duty, or suitability,
+<ins class = "correction" title = "both dots invisible">e.g.</ins>
+<i>nunc est bibendum</i>, ‘now it is right to
+drink’, <i>eundum est</i>, ‘there is a necessity to go’; <i>parendum est
+legibus</i>, ‘it is necessary to be obedient to the laws.’ The person on
+whom the duty falls is expressed by the dat. case, the ‘Dative of the
+Agent,’ except after verbs which govern a dative; after these, to avoid
+ambiguity, the agent is expressed by <i>a</i> or <i>ab</i> with the
+abl., e.g. <i>eundum est mihi</i>, ‘I&nbsp;must go,’ but <i>parendum est
+ei a te</i>, ‘you must obey him’.</p>
+
+<p>iii. The gerundive is used (1) personally as a verb, usually with a
+passive signification, e.g. <i>aqua bibenda est</i>, ‘water ought to be
+drunk’; (2)&nbsp;as a mere epithet, e.g. <i>ridenda poemata</i>, ‘poems
+to be laughed&nbsp;at.’</p>
+
+<p>iv. The acc. of the gerundive is used in a final sense as an oblique
+predicate, or complement, agreeing with the direct object of certain
+transitive verbs&mdash;<i>curo</i>, <i>do</i>, <i>suscipio</i>,
+<i>habeo</i>, etc., e.g. <i>Caesar pontem faciendum curavit</i>, ‘Caesar
+had a bridge made’; <i>agros eis habitandos dedit</i>, ‘he gave them the
+lands to dwell in’ Cf. <a href = "#notes_VII">vii<ins class =
+"correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins>3. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>usui</b>, predicative dative or dat. of purpose. Cf.
+<i>dono</i>, <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii.&nbsp;4. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>memoria</b>, etc. The order is <i>memoria prodita est neminem ex
+his nationibus, quae cum S. faciebant</i> (‘who served with Sertorius’),
+<i>cum multis proeliis superatus esset</i> (‘although he had been
+defeated in many battles’), <i>unquam ab eo descivisse</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">48</span>
+<p>9. <i>neminem.</i> The gen. of this word, <i>neminis</i>, is only
+found in writers before Cicero, the abl. <i>nemine</i> in late writers
+(<i>e.g.</i> Tacitus and Suetonius), and once in Plautus; the plural is
+not used. Hence we have</p>
+
+<table summary = "inflection of ‘nemo’">
+<tr>
+<td>Nom.,</td>
+<td><i>nemo</i>,</td>
+<td><i>nulli</i>, etc.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Acc.,</td>
+<td><i>neminem</i>,</td>
+<td><i>nullos</i>, etc.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Gen.,</td>
+<td><i>nullius</i>,</td>
+<td><i>nullorum</i>, etc.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Dat.,</td>
+<td><i>nemini</i>,</td>
+<td><i>nullis</i>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Abl.,</td>
+<td><i>nullo</i> or <i>nullâ</i>,</td>
+<td><i>nullis</i>.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XIV" id = "notes_XIV" href =
+"#txt_XIV">XIV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>alba</b>. <i>Albus</i> is a dull white as opposed to
+<i>ater</i>, dull black; <i>candidus</i>, shining white, opposed to
+<i>niger</i>, shining black.</p>
+
+<p><b>eximiae pulchritudinis et celeritatis</b>, genitives of
+quality.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>dono</b>, predicative dat., or dat. of purpose. Cf.
+<i>dono</i>, <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii.&nbsp;4. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>factu</b>, the supine in <i>-u</i>, used as an abl. of respect.
+Cf. <i>foedum dictu est</i>, ‘it is horrible to state’ (lit. ‘in the
+saying’), and <a href = "#txt_XXIV">xxiv.&nbsp;2</a>, <i>utilia monitu
+suasuque</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>quid</b>, the indef. pron.; so <i>cui</i>, line 13. For its use
+after <i>si</i> cf. <a href = "#notes_XI">xi.&nbsp;4. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>dixerat</b>, indic. after <i>cum</i> in a frequentative sense,
+‘whenever he had said that.’ Cf. <a href = "#notes_VI">vi.&nbsp;8.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>in fugam se proripuit</b>, ‘took to hasty flight.’</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>consuerat</b>, indic., because it is not part of what
+Sertorius said, but a statement made by the author.</p>
+
+<p><b>quod opus esset facto</b>, ‘what had to be done.’ <i>Facto</i> is
+the abl. of the perf. part. pass.; for this use cf. <i>maturato,
+properato opus est</i>, ‘there is need of haste’; and the similar
+construction with the abl. of the supine, <i>dictu opus est</i>
+(Terence), ‘it is necessary to speak’; <i>quod scitu opus est</i>
+(Cicero), ‘what has to be known.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XV" id = "notes_XV" href = "#txt_XV">XV.</a></h4>
+
+<p><b>Tarquinius Superbus</b>, according to tradition, was the seventh
+and last of the Roman kings (535-510 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>), the others being
+<span class = "pagenum">49</span>
+Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Tarquinius
+Priscus, Servius Tullius.</p>
+
+<p>1. <b>Libris Sibyllinis</b>. Little is known about the famous
+Sibylline books. They were probably derived from Cumae in Campania, the
+seat of a celebrated oracle. At Rome they were kept in a stone chest
+(<i>sacrarium</i>) beneath the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, under the
+charge of certain officers (<i>quindecimviri</i>), and consulted only by
+the special command of the Senate. In 82 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> this temple was burnt and the books destroyed.
+A&nbsp;fresh collection of oracles was made by ambassadors sent to the
+chief cities of Italy, Greece, and Asia Minor. When the temple was
+rebuilt these were deposited in the same place, but many spurious
+prophetic books, purporting to be Sibylline oracles, seem to have got
+into circulation at Rome, and several revisions of the books were
+ordered from time to time. Christian writers frequently appeal to the
+Sibylline oracles as containing prophecies of the Messiah.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>hospita</b>, feminine form of <i>hospes</i>. Cf.
+<i>antistes</i> and <i>sacerdos</i>, priest, <i>antistita</i> and
+<i>sacerdota</i> (in inscriptions), priestess, <i>sospes</i> and
+<i>sospita</i>, saviour, etc.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>eos velle vendere</b>, ‘(she said) that she wished to sell
+them.’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>nimium atque inmensum</b>, 300 pieces of gold, according to one
+form of the legend.</p>
+
+<p><b>quasi ... desiperet</b>. <i>Quasi</i>, ‘as if,’ introducing a
+statement which is not a fact, naturally governs the subj., ‘as if she
+were mad’ (but she was not). In sentences of comparison introduced by
+such conjunctions as <i>tanquam</i>, <i>ceu</i>, <i>quasi</i>,
+<i>velut</i>, etc., the subj. is usually found, because the statement is
+usually not true; but when the statement is a fact the indic. is
+employed, e.g. <i>Fuit olim, quasi nunc ego sum, senex</i> (Plautus).
+Frequently <i>quasi</i>, etc., are used, not as conjunctions introducing
+the sentence, but adverbially with a single word; in such cases they do
+not affect the mood, e.g. <i>servis respublica et quasi civitas domus
+est</i> (<i>Pl. Ep.</i> viii.&nbsp;16), ‘to slaves their home is a
+state, and, as it were, a&nbsp;city.’ Cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XVIII">xviii.&nbsp;5</a>, <i>quasi consultans cum Jove</i>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>foculum</b>. <i>Fŏcŭlus</i>, deminutiveof <i>fŏcus</i>
+(a&nbsp;hearth). Cf. <i>rĭvŭlus</i>, a&nbsp;rivulet, and <i>rivus</i>,
+a&nbsp;river.</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>vellet</b>, subj. after the dependent interrogative
+<i>ecquid</i>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_X">x.&nbsp;6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">50</span>
+<p>10. <b>sed enim</b>, ‘but indeed.’ Cf. the use of <span class =
+"greek" title = "allà gàr">ἀλλὰ γὰρ</span> in Greek.</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>ore ... fit</b>, ‘now becomes serious and more attentive’
+(lit. ‘of a serious countenance and more attentive mind’). <i>Ore</i>
+and <i>animo</i> are ablatives of quality.</p>
+
+<p>19. <b>nusquam loci</b>, ‘nowhere in the world.’ The genitives
+<i>loci</i>, <i>locorum</i>, <i>gentium</i> and <i>terrarum</i> are
+frequently used with adverbs of place&mdash;<i>ubi</i>, <i>quo</i>,
+<i>unde</i>, <i>usquam</i>, <i>nusquam</i>, etc., e.g. <i>ubi terrarum
+sumus</i> (Cic.), ‘where on earth are&nbsp;we?’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XVI" id = "notes_XVI" href =
+"#txt_XVI">XVI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Maior</b> was born in 234
+<span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> He is first mentioned in 218
+<span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> at the battle of the Ticinus (cf.
+<a href = "#notes_IX">ix.&nbsp;1. note</a>), in which he is said to have
+saved the life of his father <ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">P.&nbsp;</ins>Scipio. He fought at Cannae, 216, and was
+chosen with App. Claudius to command the remains of the Roman army after
+that great disaster. In 212 he was unanimously elected aedile. When the
+tribunes objected to the election, because he was under the legal age,
+he replied, ‘If all the Quirites wish to make me aedile, I&nbsp;am old
+enough<ins class = "correction" title = "” for ’">.’</ins> In 210, at
+the age of twenty-four, he was appointed to command the army in Spain,
+having come forward as a candidate for the post which all the old
+generals feared to accept. By 207 he had conquered almost the whole of
+that country from the Carthaginians. In 205 he was elected consul. He
+was anxious to cross over to Africa and end the war by a blow at
+Carthage itself, but the Senate, partly from jealousy, partly from
+timidity, opposed his plans and would only grant him the province of
+Sicily, with power to cross over to Africa if he thought it in the
+interests of the State; but this permission they endeavoured to render
+useless by refusing him an army. Volunteers however flocked from every
+part of Italy to his standard, and in 204 he was able to land in Africa
+with a large force. In 203 he defeated Hasdrubal and his ally Syphax,
+and in 202 brought the second Punic war to an end by a great victory at
+Zama over Hannibal, who had been recalled from Italy. In 201 peace was
+made, and Scipio, returning to Rome, received the agnomen Africanus, and
+was overwhelmed with every mark of honour. In 190 he served as legate
+under his brother,
+<span class = "pagenum">51</span>
+<b>Lucius Scipio Asiaticus</b>, in the war against Antiochus (cf.
+<a href = "#txt_IX">ix.</a> and <a href = "#txt_XVII">xvii.</a>) On their
+return the accusations mentioned in <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi.</a> and
+xvii. were made against the brothers. In 185 Scipio retired into private
+life, and died soon afterwards, probably in 183.</p>
+
+<p>1. <b>tribunus plebis</b>. The tribuni plebis were appointed in 494,
+after the secession to Mons Sacer, to protect the plebeians against the
+patrician magistrates. At first they were two in number, afterwards they
+were increased to ten.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>ut condicionibus</b>, etc., ‘that peace might be made with him
+(<i>i.e.</i> Antiochus) on favourable conditions in the name of the
+Roman people.’</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>diem esse hodiernum</b>, ‘that this is the day on which ...’
+(lit. ‘that it is to-day on which ...’).</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>proelio</b>. The battle of Zama, Oct. 19th, 202 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span></p>
+
+<p>11. <b>simus</b>, ‘let us not be ungrateful therefore to the
+gods....’</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>censeo</b>, used parenthetically, ‘I&nbsp;propose.’ Cf.
+<i>quaeso</i>, <a href = "#txt_II">ii.&nbsp;4</a>.</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>gratulatum</b>, the supine in <i>-um</i>, used to express
+purpose after the verb of <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘notion’">motion</ins>, <i>eamus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>17. <b>aedes</b>, in sing., a ‘temple’ (a single room), in the plur.,
+a ‘house’ (a&nbsp;collection of rooms). As distinguished from
+<i>templum</i>, <i>aedes</i> is a simple building without division into
+rooms; <i>templum</i> is a large edifice consisting of many rooms,
+consecrated by the augurs, and belonging often to several deities.</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>sollemni</b>. <i>Sollemnis</i>, from <i>sollus</i> (cf. <span
+class = "greek" title = "holos">ὅλος</span>, <i>salvus</i>), whole;
+prop. taking place every year, ‘established,’ especially of festivals;
+then, with the religious force predominating, ‘religious,’ ‘festive,’
+‘solemn.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XVII" id = "notes_XVII" href =
+"#txt_XVII">XVII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>2. <b>M. Porcius Cato</b>, known as the Censor (234-149), first
+distinguished himself in the second Punic war; in 204-3 he served as
+Quaestor to Scipio Africanus in Sicily and Africa. From this time
+forward he became the declared enemy of the Scipios and their friends,
+who were introducing, he said, into Rome
+<span class = "pagenum">52</span>
+the luxury and refinement of degenerate Greece and ruining the simple
+and honest Roman character. He served with distinction in Spain, 195-4,
+and against Antiochus, 191. In 184 he was censor, and applied himself
+strenuously, but in vain, to stem the tide of Greek luxury. He was one
+of the ambassadors sent to Africa to arbitrate between Masinissa and the
+Carthaginians, and was so struck by the flourishing condition of
+Carthage, that on his return he insisted that, whilst that city existed,
+Rome would never be safe. Whenever he was called upon for his vote in
+the Senate, whatever the subject before the house was, he always
+concluded his remarks by ‘And I further am of opinion that Carthage must
+be destroyed (<i>delendam esse Carthaginem</i>).’ The third Punic war,
+which broke out soon after his death, was largely due to his
+influence.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus</b> served under his brother
+Africanus in Spain, and in 190 defeated Antiochus at Mount Sipylus. Cf.
+<a href = "#txt_XVI">xvi.&nbsp;1</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>comparati in eum</b>. <i>Comparare hominem in aliquem</i> is
+the regular phrase for procuring a man to attack another. ‘Having been
+set upon him....’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>pecuniae ... rationem redderet</b>, ‘to give an account of the
+money paid by Antiochus, and the spoil....’</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>allatum</b>, i.e. <i>dixit librum allatum esse</i>, ‘he said
+that it had been brought.’</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>aerarium</b>, the public treasury at Rome, in which, besides
+the State treasure, the standards of the legions and copies of all
+decrees of the Senate were kept. After the expulsion of the kings the
+Temple of Saturn, at the head of the Forum, was used for this
+purpose.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>sed enim</b>, ‘but indeed.’ Cf. <a href = "#txt_XV">xv.
+10</a>.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>nec me ipse afficiam contumeliâ</b>, ‘nor will I insult myself
+with my own lips (<i>ipse</i>).’</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>coram</b>, ‘before their eyes.’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>quod cui</b>. The order is <i>quod ab eo ratio praedae
+posceretur, cui salus ... deberet</i>, ‘indignant that an account of the
+booty was demanded from a man, to whom the safety of the State and
+constitution ought to be ascribed.’</p>
+
+<p><i>Acceptum aliquid referre alicui</i>, lit. ‘to put down a thing as
+received to a man’s account,’ ‘to credit him with it’; a&nbsp;metaphor
+from banking.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">53</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_XVIII" id = "notes_XVIII" href =
+"#txt_XVIII">XVIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>2. <b>Scipio Africanus</b> “was unquestionably one of the greatest
+men of Rome, and he acquired at an early age the confidence and
+admiration of his countrymen. His enthusiastic mind led him to believe
+that he was a special favourite of the gods; and he never engaged in any
+public or private business without first going to the Capitol, where he
+sat some time alone, enjoying communication from the gods. For all he
+proposed or executed he alleged the divine approval; and the Roman
+people gave credit to his assertions, and regarded him as a being almost
+superior to the common race of men. There can be no doubt that Scipio
+believed himself in the divine revelations, which he asserted to have
+been vouchsafed to him, and the extraordinary success which attended all
+his enterprises must have deepened this belief.”&mdash;Smith’s
+<i>Classical Dictionary</i>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>noctis extremo</b>, ‘at the end of night.’ The neuter
+<i>extremum</i> is used as a substantive, meaning ‘the end.’ Cf.
+<i>extremo anni</i>, Livy, xxxv.&nbsp;11. 1; <i>sub extremum noctis</i>,
+Sil. 4.&nbsp;88.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>ventitare</b>. <i>Ventito</i> is the frequentative form of
+<i>venio</i>. Frequentative or iterative verbs denote repeated action:
+they are of the first conjugation, and formed by adding <i>-to</i>,
+<i>-so</i>, <i>-ito</i>, or <i>-itor</i> to the supine stem, or, more
+rarely, to the clipt stem, as <i>can-to</i>, ‘I sing often’;
+<i>cur-so</i>, ‘I run often’; <i>rog-ito</i>, ‘I ask often’;
+<i>min-itor</i>, ‘I&nbsp;threaten often’; <i>haes-ito</i>, ‘I&nbsp;stick
+fast<ins class = "correction" title = "text has “ for ’">.’</ins>
+Sometimes one frequentative verb is formed from another, as
+<i>cant-ito</i> from <i>canto</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>ac iubere ... Iovis</b>, ‘and to order the temple of Jupiter to be
+opened.’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>quasi consultans</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 6.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>id temporis</b>. For this ‘genitive of the thing measured,’
+depending on a neuter pronoun, expressing quantity, hence often called
+the ‘partitive genitive,’ cf. <i>aliquid veri, falsi</i>; <i>id
+aetatis</i>; <i>nihil reliqui facere</i>, ‘to leave nothing undone’
+(Caes.); <i>quantum mercedis</i> (<a href =
+"#txt_XXXII">xxxii.&nbsp;17.</a>); <i>si quid remedii</i> (<a href =
+"#txt_XXXIV">xxxiv.&nbsp;8.</a>), and such phrases as <i>navium quod
+ubique fuerat in unum locum coegerant</i> (Caes.). <i>Id</i> in this
+phrase is in the accusative. Similar adverbial accusatives
+are&mdash;<i>hoc noctis</i>, <i>magnam partem</i>, <i>suam vicem</i>,
+<i>multum</i>, etc. The use of the
+<span class = "pagenum">54</span>
+acc. has arisen from an extended use of the cognate acc. after
+intransitive verbs (e.g. <i>servire servitatem</i>, <i>dormire
+noctem</i>, <i>dolere aliquid</i>, etc.).</p>
+
+<p><b>quod in eum solum ... incurrerent</b>, the order is <i>aeditumi
+... admirati, quod canes, semper in alios saevientes, neque latrarent
+neque incurrerent in eum solum id temporis in Capitolium
+ingredientem</i>, ‘because he was the only man who entered the temple at
+that time, at whom the dogs, that always attacked others, did not bark
+and fly.’</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>re cibaria copiosum</b>, ‘well supplied with provisions.’</p>
+
+<p>15. <b>eius potiundi</b>. Gerundival attraction, cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>16. <b>ius dicebat</b>, ‘he was administering justice,’ the technical
+term.</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>in iure stare</b>, or <i>esse</i>, ‘to stand,’ ‘present
+oneself before a magistrate’; <i>in ius ire</i>, ‘to go before a
+magistrate.’</p>
+
+<p>19. <b>vadimonium promittere</b>, to promise or give security (bail)
+for a man’s appearance, ‘for what day and what place’ (<i>i.e.</i> for
+his appearance on what day and place) ‘he would order security to be
+given.’</p>
+
+<p><b>iuberet</b>, subj. after the dependent interrog. <i>quem</i>. Cf.
+<a href = "#notes_X">x.&nbsp;6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>21. <b>sese</b>, object. of <i>sistere</i>, ‘ordered him to present
+himself on the third day in yonder place.’</p>
+
+<p>22. <b>atque ita factum</b>, ‘and so it happened.’</p>
+
+<p><b>vadari</b>. <i>Vador aliquem</i> = ‘I&nbsp;bind a man over by
+bail’: the object. of <i>vadari</i> here is <i>militem</i>; “on the
+third day, on which he had ordered (them) to bind (the man) over to
+appear.”</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XIX" id = "notes_XIX" href =
+"#txt_XIX">XIX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>capite</b>. <i>Caput</i> denotes the legal status of a citizen:
+he lost it “as much if he were struck off the roll of citizens as if his
+head were struck off his shoulders” (Wilkins, <i>R. Lit. Primer</i>).
+“I&nbsp;and two others were trying a friend on a capital charge.”</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>ad casum ... medendum</b>, ‘to remedy so perilous a
+mischance.’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>ad condemnandum</b>, sc. <i>hominem</i>, ‘I&nbsp;gave my vote
+in silence for condemning the man.’</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">55</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_XX" id = "notes_XX" href = "#txt_XX">XX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Favorinus</b> was a native of Arles, in Gaul; he was a famous
+philosopher, and resided at different periods of his life in Rome,
+Greece, and Asia Minor (about 110-130 <span class =
+"smallroman">A.D.</span>).</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>Curius</b>. M’ Curius Dentatus, consul in 290, 275, and 274
+<span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, distinguished himself in the
+Samnite wars. He was a favourite hero of the Romans, and celebrated as a
+type of the old-fashioned virtue and frugality. The Samnites, it is
+said, once sent an embassy to him with costly gifts. The messengers
+found the great general sitting by his hearth, and roasting turnips.
+They proffered their gifts, but he rejected them, saying that he would
+rather rule over those who possessed gold than possess it himself.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>Fabricius</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii. 1.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Coruncanius</b>, consul 260 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, fought with success against the Etruscans and
+against Pyrrus (cf. <a href = "#notes_XXVII">xxvii.&nbsp;1. note</a>);
+he was also a distinguished lawyer, and the first plebeian who became
+Pontifex Maximus.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>his</b>, abl. after the comparative <i>antiquiores</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>antiquus</b>, ‘former,’ ‘ancient,’ is used of what has existed in
+past time as opposed to <i>novus</i>, what has not previously existed,
+new. <i>Vetus</i> denotes what has existed for a long time, old, aged,
+opposed to <i>rĕcens</i>, what has not existed for long, recent.</p>
+
+<p><b>Horatii</b>. The three brothers of the Horatian gens, who,
+according to the legend, in the reign of Tullus Hostilius, fought
+against the Curiatii, three brothers from Alba, to determine whether
+Rome or Alba was to exercise the supremacy.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>Auruncorum</b>, etc., genitives depending of <i>verbis</i>,
+‘used the language of the Aurunci,’ etc. The Aurunci, Sicani, and
+Pelasgi were old Italian races.</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>quasi loquare</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 6. note</a>,
+‘<i>quasi desiperet</i>.’</p>
+
+<p><b>Euandri</b>. The legend says that Euander, son of Hermes and an
+Arcadian nymph, about 60 years before the Trojan war, led a Pelasgian
+colony from Arcadia in Greece to Italy, and built the town of Pallantium
+at the foot of the Palatine hill. Vergil represents Euander as still
+alive when Aeneas came to Italy. (<i>Aeneid</i>, viii.&nbsp;51.)</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>abhinc multis annis</b>, ‘many years ago.’ To express
+<span class = "pagenum">56</span>
+‘how long ago,’ <i>abhinc</i> and <i>ante</i> are used with either abl.
+or acc. case. Cf. <i>abhinc triennium huc commigravit</i>, ‘she came
+hither three years ago’ (Ter. <i>An.</i> i.&nbsp;70).</p>
+
+<p><b><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">11.</ins></b>
+<b>quae dicas</b>, ‘anything that you say.’ The subj.
+(a&nbsp;consecutive subjunctive) after the relative marks the statement
+as indefinite; <i>quae dicis</i> would mean the particular words which
+you are actually using.</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>sit</b>, subjunctive, because a dependent sentence in the
+<i>oratio obliqua</i> after <i>ais</i>.</p>
+
+<p>16. <b>C. Julius Caesar</b>, the Dictator, 100-44 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> This quotation is from his lost work <i>De
+Analogia</i>, written, it is said, when he was crossing the Alps.</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>ut tamquam</b>, ‘that you should avoid a rare word, as (you
+would avoid) a&nbsp;rock.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXI" id = "notes_XXI" href =
+"#txt_XXI">XXI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus</b> was another of the
+favourite heroes of Roman history. His exploit here mentioned happened
+in 361. In 353 and again in 349 he was Dictator; in 347, 344, and 340,
+Consul. In this last year Torquatus and P. Decius Mus gained a great
+victory over the Latins near Mt. Vesuvius, and established the Roman
+supremacy in Latium. It was shortly before this battle that the
+disobedient act of his son occurred, mentioned at the end of <a href =
+"#txt_XXII">xxii</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>torquis</b>, a ‘twisted neck chain,’ as opposed to
+<i>monile</i> (cf. <a href = "#txt_IX">ix.&nbsp;6</a>), which was made
+of beads, stones, etc., strung together.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex hoste detractam induit</b>, ‘he had taken from an enemy, and
+put on himself.’ A&nbsp;participle and verb are frequently used in Latin
+where in English two verbs are employed, e.g. <i>scripsit se profectum
+celeriter adfore</i>, ‘he wrote (to say) that he had set out and would
+soon arrive.’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>fuerit</b>, subj. after the dependent interrogative
+<i>quis</i>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_X">x.&nbsp;6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>cum ... processit</b>, etc. The indicative is used in past time
+after <i>cum</i>, when the conjunction is purely temporal, and
+equivalent to <i>et tum</i>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_VI">vi.&nbsp;8
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>nudus</b>, ‘unarmed.’ <i>Nudus</i> is used in many senses
+besides its usual one of ‘unclothed,’ ‘naked’: <i>e.g.</i> ‘without a
+<span class = "pagenum">57</span>
+<i>toga</i>,’ <i>i.e.</i> ‘in a tunic only,’ <i>nudus ara, sere
+nudus</i> (Verg. <i>G.</i> i.&nbsp;299); ‘uncovered by turf,’ <i>silex
+nuda</i> (Verg. <i>E.</i> i.&nbsp;15); ‘leafless,’ <i>nudum nemus</i>;
+‘without a garrison,’ <i>urbs nuda praesidio</i> (Cic. <i>Att.</i>
+vii.&nbsp;13-1); ‘destitute,’ <i>nuda senectus</i> (Juv.); ‘unadorned,’
+<i>nuda oratio</i> (Cic.), etc.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>si quis ... vellet, uti prodiret</b>, ‘that if any one was
+willing to fight him, he should step forward.’ The tenses are historic,
+because <i>conclamant</i> is the historical present, and therefore
+equivalent to a past tense. Primary tenses are sometimes used after a
+historic present, but historic tenses are more common.</p>
+
+<p>17. <b>scuto pedestri</b>. The <i>scutum</i> was an oblong or oval
+shield (4&nbsp;ft. by 2½ ft., Polybius), made of wood or wickerwork. It
+was borrowed from the Sabines and made the shield of the whole Roman
+army, superseding the large circular <i>clipeus</i>, when the Roman
+soldiers first began to receive pay, and to form a permanent army
+instead of an irregular militia (Livy, viii.&nbsp;8. etc.).</p>
+
+<p><b>cinctus</b> in this connection is properly ‘surrounded’ with a
+girdle to support a shield or sword, hence ‘armed with.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXII" id = "notes_XXII" href =
+"#txt_XXII">XXII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>metu magno</b>, ‘amid great anxiety.’ An ablative of manner,
+closely akin to the “ablative absolute.”</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>sua disciplina</b>, ‘according to his custom,’ <i>i.e.</i> way
+of fighting. Cf. <i>eadem nos disciplina utimur</i>, ‘our habits are the
+same’ (Plaut. <i>As.</i> i.&nbsp;3. 49), and <i>disciplina militiae,
+bellica militaris</i>, etc., ‘the art of war.’</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>cunctabundus</b>. Cf. <i>moribundus</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_VI">vi. 11. note</a>. The Gaul stood on the alert ready to parry
+a blow, and waiting his opportunity. Manlius disconcerted him by
+suddenly dashing him backwards.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>eo pacto ei ... </b>, etc., ‘in that way he got to close
+quarters with him (<i>ei successit</i>) under his Gallic sword, and
+wounded his chest with his Spanish sword (sc. <i>gladio</i>).’ The
+“Spanish sword” was a short weapon, fitted for thrusting and stabbing at
+close quarters; the “Gallic sword” a much longer and heavier weapon.</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>pectus hausit</b>. <i>Haurire</i> of a weapon in the sense of
+‘wounding,’ ‘tearing open,’ is found in Lucretius, Vergil, and
+<span class = "pagenum">58</span>
+often in Ovid: probably the sword, etc., is regarded as devouring the
+flesh or drinking the blood (Conington). Cf. Verg. <i>Aen.</i>
+x.&nbsp;313&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p class = "halfline">
+<i>Huic gladio perque aerea suta,</i></p>
+<p><i>Per tunicam squalentem auro, latus haurit apertum.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>‘With his sword, through brazen coat of mail and tunic stiff with
+gold, he wounded his unguarded side.’</p>
+
+<p>17. <b>speculatum</b>. The supine is <i>-um</i>, expressing purpose
+after a verb of motion.</p>
+
+<p><b>pugna interdicta</b>, ‘though he had been forbidden to fight.’
+Abl. absolute.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXIII" id = "notes_XXIII" href =
+"#txt_XXIII">XXIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Agrum Pomptinum</b>. The Ager Pomptinus was a low plain on the
+coast of Latium, between Circeii and Terracina; it was originally a
+fertile cornland, but after the third century <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, it became more and more marshy, till at last
+the Pomptine marshes were the most malarious district in Italy. They
+were partially drained from time to time, but no permanent relief was
+afforded till the time of Pius VI. (1778). The district is still the
+most unhealthy in Italy.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>vasta proceritate</b>, abl. of description.</p>
+
+<p><b>armis auro fulgentibus</b>, abl. abs., ‘a man of enormous stature,
+with armour gleaming with gold.’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>per contemptum et superbiam</b>, ‘scornfully and haughtily.’
+Cf. <i>per vim</i>, ‘forcibly,’ etc.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>venire iubet</b>, etc., ‘bids anyone out of the whole Roman
+army who dares to fight, to come forward and meet him,’ lit. ‘bids (him)
+come, if anyone dares.’ <i>Auderet</i> is in historical time, because
+<i>iubet</i> is the historic present, standing for a past tense. Cf.
+<a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi.&nbsp;12. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>tribunus militaris</b>. The <i>tribuni militum</i>, or
+<i>militares</i>, were the chief officers of the legion; there were
+originally three, afterwards six, to each legion.</p>
+
+<p><b>ceteris ... ambiguis</b>. Abl. absol., ‘since the rest
+hesitated.’</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>progreditur ... obviam</b>, ‘advances to meet him.’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>vis quaedam divina fit</b>, ‘a miracle happens’: lit., a
+divine power is manifested.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">59</span>
+<p>16. <b>laniabat ... revolabat</b>, the imperfects denote repeated
+action.</p>
+
+<p>21. <b>statuam statuendam curavit</b>, ‘had a statue set up’: for
+this use of <i>curo</i> cf. <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1. 4.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Augustus</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XXIX">xxix. 2. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>in foro suo</b>, the ‘Forum Augusti.’ There were three great
+<i>fora</i> at Rome, the F. Augusti, the F. Magnum, Vetus, or Romanum,
+and the F. Julii.</p>
+
+<p>23. <b>monimentum</b>, in apposition to <i>simulacrum</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXIV" id = "notes_XXIV" href =
+"#txt_XXIV">XXIV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Aesopus</b> lived about 570 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> Little is known about his life. He was a slave,
+but was freed by one of his masters, Iadmon of Samos. He is said to have
+visited Croesus, king of Lydia, and Pisistratus of Athens, and to have
+been sent by the former to Delphi to distribute a gift of money among
+the citizens. A&nbsp;dispute however arose, and he refused to give any
+of the money, so the angry men of Delphi threw him over a precipice.
+Later stories, without good authority, represent him as deformed.</p>
+
+<p><b>e Phrygia</b>. Cotioeum in Phrygia, Mesembria in Thrace, Samos,
+and Sardis each claimed to be the birthplace of Aesop.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>utilia monitu suasuque</b>. The abl. of the supine in <i>-u</i>
+is regularly used as an abl. of respect. Cf. <i>nefas visu</i>, <i>turpe
+dictu</i>, <i>facile factu</i> (<a href =
+"#txt_XXVII">xxvii.&nbsp;7.</a>), etc.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>cum audiendi quadam inlecebra</b>, lit. ‘with some charm of
+hearing.’</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>spem</b>, etc., ‘that in matters (<i>rerum</i>) which a man can
+manage himself, hope and trust ought never to be placed in another, but
+in himself,’ <i>i.e.</i> that a man ought not to rely upon another for
+what he can do himself.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>Q. Ennius</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XXXVIII">xxxviii.
+9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>satiris</b>. <i>Satira</i> or <i>satura</i> (<i>satur</i> = full),
+properly a mixture of all sorts of things, originally denoted a work
+which dealt with many subjects; then the title was applied to poems
+which treated ‘didactically’ the follies and vices of mankind.</p>
+
+<p><b>versibus quadratis</b>, <i>versus quadrati</i> (square) are those
+containing eight or seven feet. These lines of Ennius are called
+<span class = "pagenum">60</span>
+<i>Septenarii</i> or <i>Tetrameter Catalectic</i> verses. The principal
+feet in them are the <i>trochee</i> ¯&nbsp;¯&nbsp;˘, and <i>spondee</i>
+¯&nbsp;¯.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>Hōc ĕr|īt tĭb(i) | ārgŭ|mēntūm | sēmpĕr | īn prōmp|tū sĭ|tum,</p>
+<p>Nē quĭd | ēxpēc|tēs ă|mīcōs, | quod tŭt(e) | ăgĕrĕ | possĭ|es.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>12. <b>semper in promptu situm</b>, ‘ever ready at hand.’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>ne quid</b>, etc., ‘not to wait for your friends at all
+(<i>quid</i>) in a matter which (<i>quod</i>) you yourself
+can&nbsp;do.’</p>
+
+<p><b>possies</b>, old form of <i>possis</i>, pres. subj. of
+<i>possum</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXV" id = "notes_XXV" href =
+"#txt_XXV">XXV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>2. <b>id temporis</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 7.
+note</a>, ‘at such a time, as a rule, that the harvest is at hand when
+its young ones are just becoming fledged.’</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>ea cassita</b>, that particular lark about which the story is
+told.</p>
+
+<p><b>congesserat</b>, used absolutely (<i>i.e.</i> without an object)
+in the sense of making a nest, as we used the word ‘to build.’ Cf.
+Verg.<i> Ecl.</i> iii.&nbsp;69, <i>locum aeriae quo congessere
+columbae</i>.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>dum iret</b>. <i>Dum</i>, like other temporal conjunctions,
+takes the indic. (in Oratio R.) when <i>strictly</i> temporal, but the
+subj. is required when the notion of time is complicated with that of
+purpose, consequence, etc. In other words, <i>dum</i>, ‘whilst,’ always
+takes the indic., <i>dum</i>, ‘until,’ the indic. usually, the subj.
+sometimes, viz., when the idea of expecting or waiting for something
+comes in. Here purpose is expressed: ‘to enable her to meanwhile go
+...,’ ‘till she should go.’ Cf. <i>priusquam emeret</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii.&nbsp;4. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>quaesitum</b>, ‘to seek for food ...’; the supine in <i>-um</i>
+expressing purpose after a verb of motion. Cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XVI">xvi.&nbsp;13</a>, <a href =
+"#txt_XXII">xxii.&nbsp;17</a>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>si quid</b>, etc., ‘if anything unusual happened.’ For the
+genitive <i>quid rei</i>, cf. <i>id temporis</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XVIII">xviii.&nbsp;7. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>fac eas et roges</b>, a less peremptory way of expressing a
+command than the simple imperative. Cf. <i>scribas velim</i>, <i>cura ut
+scribas</i>, <i>scribe sis</i> (for <i>si vis</i>), instead of
+<i>scribe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>veniant</b>, etc., subj. after <i>roges</i>, ‘ask them to come
+...’</p>
+
+<p>15. <b>orare</b>, the historical infinite, used instead of a finite
+verb. In this construction, which is frequent in an animated description
+of a scene, the pres. inf. only is used (besides the two perfects
+<i>odisse</i> and <i>meminisse</i>, which have a present
+<span class = "pagenum">61</span>
+meaning). Dr. Kennedy (Pub. Sch. Lat. Gr., 332) treats it as analogous
+to the omission of parts of the verb <i>sum</i> (e.g. <i>occisus</i> for
+<i>occisus est</i>), as it leaves out the expression of time, number,
+and person. ‘It is used to express the occurrence of actions without
+marking the order of time.’ (Roby.)</p>
+
+<p>17. <b>misit qui amicos roget</b>. <i>Roget</i> is in subj., because
+the relative expresses purpose: ‘has sent me to ask ....’ <i>Misit</i>
+is the perfect proper, ‘has sent,’ a&nbsp;primary tense, hence
+<i>roget</i> is in the pres. subj.</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>otioso animo esse</b>, abl. of quality, lit. ‘bids them be of
+an easy mind,’ <i>i.e.</i> ‘bids them be easy in mind.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXVI" id = "notes_XXVI" href =
+"#txt_XXVI">XXVI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>4. <b>isti</b>, ironical, ‘those friends of yours are laggards.’</p>
+
+<p><b>quin ... imus</b>, ‘why do we not rather go ...?’ The conjunction
+<i>quin</i> (=&nbsp;<i>quî</i>, an old ablative, and <i>-ne</i>) is thus
+used in exhortations and remonstrances (<i>a</i>) usually with the pres.
+indic., e.g. <i>quin conscendimus equos?</i> (Livy), ‘why do we not
+mount?’ <i>i.e.</i> ‘nay, mount at once’: (<i>b</i>) sometimes with the
+imperative, <i>quin aspice me</i>, ‘nay, look at me<ins class =
+"correction" title = "text has “ for ’">’;</ins> <i>quin dic uno
+verbo</i>, ‘just answer in a single word.’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>cognatos</b>. <i>Cognatus</i> is a kinsman by blood, either on
+the father’s or the mother’s side; <i>agnatus</i>, a&nbsp;blood relation
+on the father’s side; <i>gentilis</i>, a&nbsp;member of the same
+<i>gens</i>, and bearing the same gentile name, <i>e.g.</i> Cornelii,
+Fabii; all these three classes were <i>consanguinei</i>, related by
+blood; <i>adfinis</i>, a relation by marriage, or sometimes merely a
+neighbour.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme ...</b>, lit. ‘as a rule no
+kinsmen and neighbours were so good-natured,’ she said, ‘as to make no
+delay in undertaking work, and to obey orders at once.’</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>valeant</b>, ‘good-bye to ...,’ <i>i.e.</i> let us have no
+more to do with....</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>id ubi ...</b>, the order is, <i>ubi mater audivit ex pullis
+dominum dixisse id....</i></p>
+
+<p>19. <b>tempus cedendi et abeundi</b>, ‘it is time to go and be
+off.’</p>
+
+<p>20. <b>in ipso enim</b>. The order is, <i>vertitur enim iam in ipso,
+cuia res est, non in alio, unde petitur</i>, lit. ‘for (the work) now
+depends upon the man himself, whose the property&nbsp;is,
+<span class = "pagenum">62</span>
+not upon another, from whom (the work) is asked,’ <i>i.e.</i> who is
+asked to do the work.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXVII" id = "notes_XXVII" href =
+"#txt_XXVII">XXVII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Pyrrus</b> (318-272 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>),
+king of Epirus, was one of the most famous generals of his age. In 280
+he was invited to Italy by the Tarentines to aid them in their struggle
+with Rome. He defeated the Romans in two great battles, near Heraclea on
+the Siris in 280, and near Asculum in 279, but his own troops suffered
+so severely that he concluded an armistice, and in 278 crossed to Sicily
+to help the Greek colonies in that island against the Carthaginians. The
+incident mentioned in this selection afforded the pretext for the truce.
+In 276 Pyrrus returned to Italy, but he was decisively defeated by
+Curius Dentatus near Beneventum and compelled to leave Italy. He went
+back to Epirus, and engaged in many new warlike enterprises. In 272,
+when retreating from Argos, he was stunned by a tile thrown by a woman,
+and slain by the pursuing soldiers. Hannibal is reported to have said,
+that of all the great generals the world had seen, Alexander was the
+greatest, Pyrrus the second, himself the third; or, according to another
+version, Pyrrus the first, Scipio the second, and himself the third.</p>
+
+<p><b>in terra Italia</b>, ‘in the land of Italy’; cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XXXI">xxxi. 7</a>, <i>in terra Graecia</i>, so <i>urbs Roma</i>,
+etc., the two substantives being in apposition.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>Fabricius</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii. 1.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>facile factu</b>, ‘easy to do.’ Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XXIV">xxiv. 2., <i>utilia monitu et suasu</i>, note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>salutem tutaretur</b>, ‘should protect himself from...,’ ‘be
+on his guard against;’ lit. ‘protect his safety.’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>laudes ... scripsisse</b>, ‘it is said that Pyrrus wrote to
+the Roman people, praising and thanking them ...,’ lit. ‘wrote praises
+and thanks.’</p>
+
+<p><b>populo Romano</b>. Cf. <i>ad senatum scripsit</i>, line 9. The
+rule is that, if the verb expresses or implies motion, <i>ad</i> with
+the acc. is used to express the remoter object; if no motion is implied,
+the dative is used; so, <i>misit hoc ad me</i>, but <i>dedit hoc
+mihi</i>. Hence many verbs admit both constructions, as they fall on the
+line between expressing motion and not expressing it. <i>Scribo</i> is
+one of these, for the letter has to be
+<span class = "pagenum">63</span>
+sent, so motion is implied, but the verb itself expresses no motion.
+This rule, however, is not always observed even in prose, and far less
+so in poetry.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXVIII" id = "notes_XXVIII" href =
+"#txt_XXVIII">XXVIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>In circo maximo</b>. The early Roman legends say that when
+Tarquinius Priscus had taken the town of Apiolae from the Latins, he
+commemorated his success by holding races and games in the Murcian
+Valley, between the Palatine and Aventine hills. Round the valley
+temporary platforms and stands were erected, and the course with its
+surroundings was called ‘<i>Circus</i>,’ either because the spectators
+stood in a circle or because the races went round in a circle. Soon a
+permanent building was erected in this valley. This was enlarged and
+beautified from time to time, and known as the Circus Maximus, to
+distinguish it from the many similar buildings which were erected in
+various parts of Rome. In the time of Julius Caesar the Circus Maximus
+was about 600 yards in length, and 200 in width, and held 150,000
+people: a&nbsp;century later it could hold twice as many. The building
+was used chiefly for chariot-racing; but sometimes the area was flooded,
+and naval battles were represented, and often beasts were let loose in
+it to fight with one another, or with men, either condemned criminals
+and captives, or <i>bestiari</i>, specially trained for the purpose.
+This latter exhibition was called <i>venatio</i>, or <i>pugna
+venationis</i>. Animals were brought in almost incredible numbers from
+all parts of the Roman world to be thus slaughtered. Julius Caesar once
+turned 500 lions into the arena together, and Augustus, in the
+Monimentum Ancyranum, boasts that he had thus killed 3,500 elephants
+during his reign.<!-- really something to be proud of... --></p>
+
+<p>2. <b>multae ibi ferae</b>, sc. <i>erant</i>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>quasi admirans</b>. Cf. <i>quasi desiperet</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XV">xv. 6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>15. <b>videres</b>, ‘you might have seen.’ Cf. Livy, <i>maesti,
+crederes victos, redeunt in castra</i>, ‘you would have thought they had
+been defeated.’ This use is confined to the second person singular
+(‘you’ indefinite = one); the subjunctive is explained by treating the
+expression as part of a conditional sentence, the condition understood
+being the reality of the subject. ‘If you had been there, you might have
+seen....’</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">64</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXIX" id = "notes_XXIX" href =
+"#txt_XXIX">XXIX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>2. <b>Caesar</b>, probably Claudius, emperor 41-54 <span class =
+"smallroman">A.D.</span>; he was the fourth emperor&mdash;Augustus being
+the first, Tiberius the second, and Caligula the third. Caesar was
+originally the name of a patrician family of the Julian <i>gens</i>. The
+name was taken by Augustus (Octavianus), as the adopted son of the
+Dictator, C. Julius Caesar: by Tiberius, as the adopted son of Augustus
+Caesar: and it continued to be used by Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, as
+members, by adoption, or female descent, of Caesar’s family. This family
+became extinct with Nero, but succeeding emperors employed the name as
+part of their official title.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>uni</b> with <b>illi</b>, ‘had spared him alone.’</p>
+
+<p><b>pepercisset</b>, subj. after the dependent interrogative
+<i>cur</i>.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>proconsulari imperio</b>. The <i>Proconsulare Imperium</i> is
+the power held by a man who acts <i>pro consule</i>, ‘in the place of a
+consul.’ As the number of Roman provinces increased, it became the
+custom under the Republic for men, who had held the office of consul, to
+accept the government of provinces for a year, and rule these with the
+“<i>Imperium Proconsulare</i>,” which was conferred by a special decree
+of the Senate and of the people. Under the Empire the provinces were
+divided into two groups: (1)&nbsp;the Senatorial Provinces (the more
+peaceful ones in which no large armies were maintained), which were
+governed with <i>Imperium Proconsulare</i> by men who had been consuls
+or praetors<ins class = "correction" title = "text unchanged: error for ; semicolon?">: </ins>(2)&nbsp;the
+Imperial Provinces, which were governed with <i>Praetorian</i> power by
+<i>Legati Caesaris</i>, who acted as the Emperor’s deputies.</p>
+
+<p><b>Africam</b>, the Roman name for the district round Carthage.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>consilium fuit</b>, ‘my plan was,’ ‘I&nbsp;purposed.’</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>debili ... pede</b>. Abl. absol., ‘with one foot lame and
+bloodstained.’</p>
+
+<p>22. <b>volnere intimo expressi</b>, ‘I pressed out from the bottom of
+the wound.’ Words compounded with <i>ab</i>, <i>cum</i>, <i>de</i>, and
+<i>ex</i> usually govern an abl., either with or (less frequently in
+prose) without the preposition repeated.</p>
+
+<p>23. <b>cruorem</b>: <i>cruor</i> is ‘gore,’ <i>i.e.</i> blood which
+has flowed from a wound; <i>sanguis</i>, either ‘gore,’ or blood
+circulating in the body.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">65</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXX" id = "notes_XXX" href =
+"#txt_XXX">XXX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>triennium totum</b>, acc. of duration of time; ‘for three whole
+years.’</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>eodemque et victu</b>, abl. of matter; ‘on the same food
+also.’</p>
+
+<p><b>nam quas</b>, etc. The order is&mdash;‘<i>ferebat ad specum
+mihi</i> (to the cave for me), <i>membra opimiora ferarum quas
+venabatur</i>,’ the antecedent <i>ferarum</i> being attracted into the
+relative sentence, and so becoming <i>feras</i>.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>viam ... permensus</b>, ‘having travelled a journey of almost
+three days.’</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>rei capitalis</b>, the genitive of the charge used after verbs
+of condemning and acquitting. <i>Res capitalis</i> is a crime punishable
+by death or loss of civil rights, <i>caput</i> denoting both life and
+civil status. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XIX">xix.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>damnandum curavit</b>. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii. 1. 4.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>quoque</b>, the lion, as well as I, having been captured.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXI" id = "notes_XXXI" href =
+"#txt_XXXI">XXXI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>in terra Graecia</b>. Cf. <i>in terra Italia</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XXVII">xxvii.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>fama celebri</b>, abl. of quality, ‘of great reputation.’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>Athenis</b>, ‘at Athens,’ the locative case. Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XI">xi.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Electram</b>, etc. The order is&mdash;<i>acturus Electram
+Sophoclis, debebat gestare urnam quasi cum Oresti ossibus</i>, ‘being
+about to play the part of Sophocles’ Electra (<i>i.e.</i> the part of
+Electra in the play of Sophocles called ‘the Electra’) he had to carry
+an urn, supposed to contain (<i>quasi cum</i>) the bones of Orestes<ins
+class = "correction" title = "text has “ for ’">.’</ins> Women’s
+characters were played by men both on the Greek and on the Roman
+stage.</p>
+
+<p>When Agamemnon, king of Argos and Mycenae, returned from the Trojan
+war, he was murdered by his wife Clytaemnestra. Electra, their daughter,
+contrived to save her young brother Orestes, and send him to the court
+of Strophius, king of Phocis. After some years Orestes returned in
+company with Pylades, the son of Strophius. At first he pretended to be
+a messenger from Strophius, who had come to announce the death of
+Orestes in a chariot race, in token of which he brought an urn
+containing, he said, the ashes of the dead man. Finally, he made himself
+known to Electra, and then slew Clytaemnestra and her lover
+Aegisthus.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">66</span>
+<p><b>Sophocles</b>, 495-406, the great Athenian tragic poet, was thirty
+years younger than Aeschylus and fifteen years older than Euripides. He
+is said to have written 130 plays, but of these seven only have reached
+us, of which the ‘Electra,’ here mentioned, is one.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>Oresti</b>. The gen. sing. of Greek proper names in <i>-es</i>
+of the third declension usually ends in <i>-i</i>, sometimes in
+<i>-is</i>. Hence we have nom. and voc., Orestes; acc., Oresten and
+Orestem; gen., Oresti and Orestis; dat., Oresti; abl., Orestĕ, rarely
+Orestē. The plural, when used, follows the first declension.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>quasi Oresti amplexus</b>. <i>Oresti</i> is the gen. depending
+on <i>ossa</i> understood.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>itaque</b>, etc., lit. ‘and so when a play seemed to be
+represented, (true) grief was represented.’</p>
+
+<p>When the great English actor Macready played the part of Virginius,
+soon after the death of his own daughter, he declared that his recent
+experience of real grief gave a new force to his acting. Diderot, on the
+other hand, in his famous <i>Paradoxe sur le Comédien</i>, maintains
+that the emotions of the actor must be artificial, not real, to produce
+an artistic effect.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXII" id = "notes_XXXII" href =
+"#txt_XXXII">XXXII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>2. <b>qui pro se ... advocaverunt</b>, ‘they engaged men to plead
+their case’; lit. ‘who should speak for them,’ <i>qui</i> being used in
+a final sense, and hence the subj. For this sense of <i>advocaverunt</i>
+cf. the English word ‘advocate.’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>Demosthenes</b>, the greatest of Athenian orators, was born in
+385 and died in 322 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> As a
+statesman his whole policy was directed to resisting the aggressions of
+the Macedonian kings Philip and Alexander (cf. <a href =
+"#txt_VI">vi.</a>). He made many bitter enemies, of whom <b>Demades</b>
+(line 22) was one of the most important. Demades was a warm supporter of
+the Macedonian party, and, as he is known to have been an unprincipled
+man, this story probably applies to him, and not to Demosthenes.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>lana multa ... circumvolutus</b>, lit. ‘wrapped round as to
+his neck with much wool.’ <i>Collum</i> is the acc. of respect.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>eo</b>, for that reason, therefore.</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>non synanchen ... sed argyranchen</b>, ‘that his throat
+<span class = "pagenum">67</span>
+was inflamed not by cold, but by gold.’ <i>Argyranche</i> (<span class =
+"greek" title = "arguranchê">αργυραγχη</span>) is a sarcastic word
+coined to imitate <i>synanche</i> (<span class = "greek" title =
+"sunanchê">συναγχη</span>), ‘an inflamed throat.’</p>
+
+<p>15. <b>quin<ins class = "correction" title = "ellipsis invisible">
+... </ins>quoque</b>, ‘nay he even prided himself upon it,’ lit.
+ascribed it as a glory (dat of purpose or complement, cf. <a href =
+"#notes_VIII">viii.&nbsp;4. note</a>) to himself. <i>Quinetiam</i> is
+more common than the simple <i>quin</i> in this sense.</p>
+
+<p>17. <b>quantum mercedis</b>. For this ‘genitive of the thing
+measured,’ usually called the ‘partitive genitive,’ depending of a
+neuter pronoun, cf. <i>id temporis</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XVIII">xviii.&nbsp;7. note</a>, ‘how much pay he had received
+for acting.’ <i>Accepisset</i> is subj. after the dependent
+interrogative <i>quantum</i>.</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>uti ageret</b>, lit. in order to act, a final sentence. So
+‘<i>ut tacerem</i>’.</p>
+
+<p>19. <b>talentum</b>, the Attic talent, £243 15s.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXIII" id = "notes_XXXIII" href =
+"#txt_XXXIII">XXXIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Marcus Tullius Cicero</b>, the famous Roman orator, was born
+near Arpinum on Jan 3rd, 106 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> He
+was consul in 63 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, and was
+murdered Dec 7th, 43 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>, by the
+emissaries of M. Antonius.</p>
+
+<p><b>in Palatio</b>, the Palatium or Mons Palatinus was the hill on the
+S.W. of the Roman Forum. On it the original city is said to have been
+built.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>in praesens</b> sc. <i>tempus</i>, ‘for the present’.
+<i>Praesens</i>, the pres. participle of <i>praesum</i>, and
+<i>absens</i>, the pres. participle of <i>absum</i>, are the only forms
+in which the pres. participle of <i>sum</i> is found.</p>
+
+<p><b>P. Sulla</b>, the nephew of the great Dictator, L. Sulla, was
+accused of complicity in the Catilinarian conspiracy. He was defended by
+Cicero and Hortensius&mdash;the famous rival of Cicero, and, though
+certainly guilty, was acquitted, 62 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span></p>
+
+<p><b>mutua ... tacita accepit</b>, ‘accepted as a secret loan....’</p>
+
+<p><b>sestertium viciens</b>, 2,000,000 <i>sestertii</i>, <i>i.e.</i>
+about £19,000. The unit for reckoning large sums was the
+<i>sestertius</i> or <i>nummus</i> (¼&nbsp;of a <i>denarius</i>, the
+ordinary silver coin in use, or <ins class = "correction" title =
+"denominator invisible">2½</ins> asses), in value about 2¼d. Up to 2,000
+the cardinal numbers were prefixed, e.g. <i>centum sestertii</i>,
+<i>mille sestertii</i>, etc. The gen. plur. of <i>sestertius</i> is
+<i>sestertium</i>, so 2,000 <i>sestertii</i> is <i>duo millia
+sestertium</i>. This form <i>sestertium</i> in
+<span class = "pagenum">68</span>
+time became treated as if it were a neuter singular. Hence for <i>duo
+millia sestertium</i>, <i>duo</i> or <i>bina sestertia</i> was written,
+as the ‘distributive’ form of the numeral was often used. Hence for sums
+from 2,000 up to 1,000,000 <i>sestertii</i> we have <i>duo</i> or
+<i>bina sestertia</i>, <i>sexaginta</i> or <i>sexagena sestertia</i>,
+etc. For sums above 1,000,000 <i>sestertii</i> the numeral adverb was
+generally employed: thus, 2,000,000 <i>sestertii</i> was written
+<i>viciens centena</i> (or <i>centum</i>) <i>millia sestertium</i>,
+which was generally contracted into <i>viciens sestertium</i>, or
+<i>viciens</i> alone.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>priusquam emeret</b>. <i>Priusquam</i> and <i>antequam</i>,
+like other temporal conjunctions, usually govern the indicative; but
+when they introduce an event which is expected, and its occurrence
+prevented, <i>i.e.</i> when they convey any idea of purpose, they
+usually require the subjunctive. Cf. <a href = "#notes_XXV">note on
+<i>dum iret</i>, xxv.&nbsp;5</a>. Translate, “before he <i>could</i>
+buy.”</p>
+
+<p><b>quod ... accepisset</b>, ‘that he had accepted.’ Fees to lawyers
+were illegal at Rome; but the law was evaded in many ways.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>inter ridendum</b>, ‘amidst his laughing.’ Cf. note on the
+gerund, <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b><span class = "greek" title =
+"akoinonoêtoi">ἀκοινονοητοι</span></b> (<i>akoinŏnŏētoi</i>),
+ἀ-κοινος-νοητος (νόησις) #a-koinos-noêtos (noêsis)#, not having common
+sense. The word is not found in extant Greek works.</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>cum ignoratis</b>, ‘because you do not know that.’ This use of
+<i>cum</i> with the indic., giving a reason, is common in early writers
+(<i>e.g.</i> Plautus), but only used by Cicero after such words as
+<i>laudo</i> and <i>gratulor</i>. Later writers do not
+employ&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>patris familias</b>, ‘it is the custom of a prudent and
+careful master of the household to say that he is not going to buy what
+he wishes to purchase....’ For the genitive, cf. <i>cuiusvis hominis est
+errare</i>, ‘it is any man’s nature to err,’ etc. The genitive may be
+explained by saying that it depends upon some such word as
+<i>indoles</i>, ‘nature,’ <i>officium</i>, ‘duty,’ etc., understood.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXIV" id = "notes_XXXIV" href =
+"#txt_XXXIV">XXXIV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>3. <b>Mons Cispius</b> was one of the peaks of Mons Esquilinus, on
+the E. of the Forum.</p>
+
+<p><b>subeuntes montem</b>. Many intransitive verbs, especially verbs of
+motion, gain a semi-transitive or transitive force by being compounded
+with prepositions, chiefly prepositions
+<span class = "pagenum">69</span>
+which govern an acc., e.g. <i>adire</i>, <i>circumvenire</i>,
+<i>adstare</i>, <i>adloqui</i>, <i>oppugnare</i>, etc. But many of these
+compounds govern a dative, instead of, or as well as, an accusative,
+e.g. <i>adlabi</i>, <i>succedere</i>. Some verbs compounded with
+prepositions which govern an ablative take an accusative, e.g.
+<i>convenire</i>, <i>expugnare</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>insulam</b>. <i>Insula</i> was a house for poor people, let out
+in rooms or flats to several families; as opposed to <i>domus</i>, the
+large mansion of a single wealthy family.</p>
+
+<p><b>multis ... editam</b>, built to a great height with many
+floors.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>magni</b>, nominative, ‘the profits of city property are
+great.’</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>si quid remedii</b>. For the gen. cf. <i>id temporis</i>,
+<a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii.&nbsp;7. note</a>, ‘if any remedy could
+have been found to prevent houses burning so constantly at Rome,
+I&nbsp;would have sold....’</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>venum dedissem</b>. <i>Venum</i> (neuter) is only found in the
+classical period in the acc. sing., but Tacitus uses <i>veno</i>, and
+still later writers <i>venui</i>. <i>Venum do</i>&mdash;often written as
+one word, <i>venumdo</i>, contracted into <i>vendo</i>&mdash;is ‘I give
+for sale’; <i>venum eo</i>&mdash;often written <i>veneo</i>&mdash;is ‘I
+am for sale.’ For the acc. cf. <i>pessum dare</i>, ‘I&nbsp;give to
+destruction,’ and <i>pessum ire</i>, ‘I&nbsp;go to destruction.’</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>annalem undevicensimum</b>, ‘the nineteenth book of the
+history (annals) of Q. Claudius....’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>Mitridati</b>, genitive; cf. <i>Oresti</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXI">xxxi. 6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>defenderes</b>, subj. after the dependent interrogative
+<i>quo</i>.</p>
+
+<p>15. <b>L. Cornelius Sulla</b>, surnamed Felix, was born in 138 and
+died 78 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> He first distinguished
+himself in Africa, when serving under Marius in the campaign against
+Jugurtha (107-106). In 88 he was appointed to the command of the war
+against Mitridates, but Marius, eager to obtain this for himself, got a
+new law passed transferring the command to himself. Sulla thereupon
+marched upon Rome with his troops, and Marius fled, only to return and
+deluge the streets of Rome with blood, when his rival had sailed for the
+East. The siege of Athens here referred to took place in 86: in 83 Sulla
+returned to Rome, and quickly overthrew the remains of the Marian party,
+Marius having died in 86. In 81 Sulla was appointed Dictator. He devoted
+two years to reforming the State, and restoring the power of the senate
+and aristocracy,
+<span class = "pagenum">70</span>
+and then retired into private life in 79. In the following year he
+died.</p>
+
+<p><b>Piraeum</b>. Piraeus, Munychia, and Phalerum were the three
+harbours of Athens.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXV" id = "notes_XXXV" href =
+"#txt_XXXV">XXXV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Arion</b>. This story about Arion comes from the Greek
+historian Herodotus. <b>Periander</b> was “tyrant” of Corinth from 625
+to 585 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> Like most of the Greek
+“tyrants” he was a patron of art and literature.</p>
+
+<p><b>nobilis</b> is common in the sense of ‘famous,’ as well as in its
+technical use of one whose ancestors had held curule office.</p>
+
+<p><b>Methymnaeus</b>. Methymna was a town at the northern extremity of
+Lesbos.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>viseret</b>, the imperf. subj., because <i>proficiscitur</i> is
+the ‘historical present’ standing for a past tense. Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XXI">xxi.&nbsp;12. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>ut notiores</b>, ‘as better known....’</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>in altum</b>, ‘the deep sea.’</p>
+
+<p>11. <b>de necando Arione</b>, gerundial attraction. Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;7. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>21. <b>carmen ... orthium</b>, Greek <span class = "greek" title =
+"nomos orthios">νόμος ὄρθιος</span>, lit. the loud, high song, was the
+name for a shrill, stirring air.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXVI" id = "notes_XXXVI" href =
+"#txt_XXXVI">XXXVI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>2. <b>cursum ... tenuerunt</b>, ‘held on their course.’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>fluitanti sese homini subdidit</b>, ‘placed itself under the
+floating man.’</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>incolumique corpore et ornatu</b>, abl. absol., ‘carried him to
+land (<i>devexit</i>) at Taenarum, in the country of Laconia, with body
+and clothes unharmed.’ <i>Taenarum</i> is the acc. of ‘place
+whither.’</p>
+
+<p><b>in terram Laconicam</b>, lit. ‘to Taenarum into the land of
+Laconia.’ So ‘he set out for Carthage in Africa’ is ‘<i>profectus est
+Carthaginem in Africam</i>.’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>Taenarum</b> was a promontory and town in the S.W. of Laconia,
+now Cape Matapan.</p>
+
+<p>7. <b>devexit</b>, ‘carried <i>down</i>,’ <i>i.e.</i> to land. The
+Greeks and
+<span class = "pagenum">71</span>
+Romans spoke of the coast line as lower than both the inland country and
+the ‘high’ sea. Cf. the uses of <span class = "greek" title =
+"anabainô">ἀναβαίνω</span> and <span class = "greek" title =
+"katabainô">καταβαίνω</span>.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>talemque</b>, etc., lit. ‘presented himself to King Periander,
+not expecting him, in the same guise (<i>talem</i>) as he had been in
+(<i>qualis</i>) (when) carried on the dolphin.’</p>
+
+<p><b>quasi falleret</b>. Cf. <i>quasi desiperet</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XV">xv. 6. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>dissimulanter</b>, secretly, hiding the truth;
+<i>simulanter</i>, feignedly, pretending what does not exist (the form
+<i>simulanter</i> is post-classical). This distinction between
+<i>simulo</i> and <i>dissimulo</i> is expressed in the
+pentameter&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“<i>Quod non es simulas, dissimulasque quod es</i>,”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>‘you pretend what you are not, and hide what you are.’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>audissent</b>, subj. after the dept. interrogative
+‘<i>ecquid</i>.’</p>
+
+<p><b>unde venissent</b>, subj. because a dept. sentence in the
+<i>interrogatio obliqua</i>, after <i>interrogavit</i>.</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>ire infitias</b>, ‘to deny.’ For the phrase, cf. <i>ire
+exequias</i>, ‘to attend a funeral.’ The acc. in these phrases must be
+compared with the ‘acc. of place whither’ after a verb of motion,
+<i>e.g.</i> <i>Romam</i>, <i>domum</i>, <i>rus ire</i>; and the acc. of
+the supine used to express purpose after a verb of motion, e.g. <i>lusum
+it Maecenas, dormitum ego</i> (Horace), ‘Maecenas goes to play,
+I&nbsp;to sleep.’</p>
+
+<p>20. <b>quod</b>, ‘the fact that...,’ introduces the substantival
+sentence ‘<i>simulacra ... visuntur</i>’ which is the subject of
+<i>est</i>.</p>
+
+<p>21. <b>delphinus</b> and <b>homo</b> are in opposition with
+<i>simulacra</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXVII" id = "notes_XXXVII" href =
+"#txt_XXXVII">XXXVII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>ruris colendi insolens</b>, ‘ignorant of agriculture.’ For the
+gerundial attraction, cf. <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1.
+note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>qui ... sciret</b>, ‘since he knew...,’ the relative when used
+in a causal sense governs the subjunctive.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>faceret</b>, subj. after the dept. interrogative <i>cur</i>;
+‘he asked why he was making....’</p>
+
+<p>13. <b>gratias agens</b>. The plural <i>gratias</i> is always used
+with <i>agere</i>; but after <i>referre</i>, <i>debere</i>,
+<i>sentire</i>, etc., the singular, <i>gratiam</i>, is most commonly
+found.</p>
+
+<p>15. <b>imperitus</b> goes closely with <i>detruncat</i>. In English
+we
+<span class = "pagenum">72</span>
+should use the adverb, ‘ignorantly (or, in his ignorance) cuts the tops
+off....’</p>
+
+<p><b>vites suas sibi omnes et oleas</b>, ‘all the vines and olives that
+he possessed.’</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>pomis gignendis felicia</b>, lit. all the twigs ‘productive
+for bearing fruit,’ <i>i.e.</i> ‘all the fruit-bearing twigs.’ <i>Pomis
+gignendis</i> is the dative after <i>felicia</i>. For the gerundive
+attraction cf. <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>felicia</b>. The root of <i>felix</i> is the same as the root of
+<i>fecundus</i> (fruitful), <i>fetus</i> (offspring), etc. Hence the
+earliest meaning of <i>felix</i> is fruit-bearing: in this sense it is
+used in Lucretius, Ovid, Livy, etc., and the adverb <i>felicius</i> in
+Verg. (<i>hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae.</i>&mdash;Georg.
+i.&nbsp;54.)</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXVIII" id = "notes_XXXVIII" href =
+"#txt_XXXVIII">XXXVIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>Mitridates VI</b>., king of Pontus, 120-63 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, was the most powerful foe whom the Romans
+encountered in the East. The first Mitridatic war was brought to a
+successful conclusion by Sulla in 84 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>; the second, 83-82 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, was uneventful; the third, 74-63 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span>, in which Pompeius distinguished himself, ended
+in the flight and suicide of the king, as described in line&nbsp;8.</p>
+
+<p>2. <b>quorum ... cavebat</b>, ‘by the continual use of which he
+protected himself from secret attempts at banquets’; <i>epularum</i> is
+a descriptive genitive depending on <i>insidiis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>quin ... est</b>. Cf. <i>quin quoque</i>, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 15. note</a>, ‘nay, he even....’</p>
+
+<p><b>ostentandi gratia</b>, ‘to show off.’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>in ultima regni</b>, ‘to the most distant parts of his
+kingdom.’</p>
+
+<p>9. <b>Q. Ennius</b> (239-169 <span class = "smallroman">B.C.</span>),
+though a Greek by birth, spent his life at Rome, and was regarded by the
+Romans as the father of their poetry, <i>alter Homerus</i> (Horace). His
+most important work was the <i>Annales</i>, an epic poem upon the
+history of Rome. Only a few fragments of his writings have
+reached&nbsp;us.</p>
+
+<p>10. <b>Osce</b>. The Osci were a primitive people who lived in
+Campania.</p>
+
+<p>14. <b>lingua locutus est</b>, ‘he spoke in the tongue and language
+of each as skilfully as if he had been of that nation.’</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">73</span>
+<h4><a name = "notes_XXXIX" id = "notes_XXXIX" href =
+"#txt_XXXIX">XXXIX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi cupidus</b>, lit. ‘was
+anxious to learn eloquence and to plead causes.’</p>
+
+<p><b>causarum orandi</b>, the genitive <i>orandi</i> depends upon
+<i>cupidus</i>, and <i>causarum</i> is a genitive depending on the
+gerund <i>orandi</i>. This construction (instead of the gerundial
+attraction, or the ordinary acc. after the gerund) is very rare; but cf.
+<i>nobis fuit exemplorum eligendi potestas</i> (Cic de Juv. ii.&nbsp;2),
+‘we had the power of choosing examples.’</p>
+
+<p><b>in disciplinam ... sese dedit</b>, ‘entered himself as a pupil of
+Protagoras,’ lit. gave himself to the teaching of Protagoras.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>Protagoras</b>, of Abdēra, in Thrace, was born about 480 <span
+class = "smallroman">B.C.</span> and died 411 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> He came to Athens before the year 445, and
+there established a school. He was the first Greek philosopher who
+called himself a ‘Sophist,’ and taught for pay.</p>
+
+<p><b>daturumque</b>, etc. The order is&mdash;<i>promisit se daturum
+esse grandem pecuniam mercedem</i>, ‘promised to give a large sum as a
+remuneration....’ <i>Mercedem</i> is in apposition with
+<i>pecuniam</i>.</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>quo primo die</b>, ‘on the first day on which he pleaded and
+won a case’; the antecedent <i>primo die</i> is attracted into the
+relative clauses, a&nbsp;common construction in Latin. Cf. <a href =
+"#txt_XXX">xxx.&nbsp;2</a>.</p>
+
+<p>8. <b>causas ... reciperet</b>, ‘did not undertake cases,’
+<i>i.e.</i> take briefs.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>litem ... contestatur</b> is the technical phrase for setting
+a suit on foot by calling witnesses; ‘he brings an action against
+Euathlus.’</p>
+
+<p>17. <b>ex sententia</b>, in accordance with the votes of the judges.
+‘<i>Sententia</i>’ is an expressed opinion, hence our ‘sentence.’</p>
+
+<p>18. <b>secundum te</b>, ‘in your favour.’</p>
+
+<p>24. <b>pro causa mea senserint</b>, ‘shall have pronounced in my
+favour.’</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "notes_XL" id = "notes_XL" href = "#txt_XL">XL.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. <b>proelium Cannense</b>, 216 <span class =
+"smallroman">B.C.</span> Cf. <a href = "#txt_IX">ix.&nbsp;1</a>. Note
+the use of the adjective, where we use a subst. and prep., ‘the battle
+of Cannae.’</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">74</span>
+<p>2. <b>electos ... misit</b>, ‘sent to Rome ten men chosen out of our
+captives,’ <i>i.e.</i> ‘selected ten of our captives and sent them to
+Rome.’ Cp. <a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi.&nbsp;3. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. <b>videretur</b>, ‘if it seemed good to the Roman people.’</p>
+
+<p>4. <b>quos alteri plures acciperent</b>, ‘whom the one side received
+more (than the other)’; <i>plures</i> is acc. qualifying
+<i>quos</i>.</p>
+
+<p>5. <b>argenti</b>, etc., ‘a pound and a half of silver by
+weight.’</p>
+
+<p>6. <b>hoc iusiurandum eos adegit</b>, ‘bound them by this oath.’
+<i>Adigere aliquem iusiurandum</i>, or <i>ad iusiurandum</i>, is
+literally to drive a man to an oath, <i>i.e.</i> to make him take it.
+After the time of Livy the construction <i>adigere aliquem iure
+iurando</i>, ‘to bind a man by an oath,’ was more common.</p>
+
+<p>12. <b>postliminio</b>, ‘by the right of <i>postliminium</i>.’
+<i>Postliminium</i> is “the recovery of rights by a person returned from
+captivity, or the recovery of rights over a person or thing recovered
+from hostile possession” (Poste’s <i>Gaius</i>, § 129), since a man by
+hostile capture became the slave of the enemy, and so during the
+interval of captivity his rights as a free citizen were suspended. The
+usual derivation given is from <i>post</i> and <i>limen</i>, ‘a
+returning behind the threshold’; others derive the <i>post</i> from the
+same root as <i>potestas</i> and <i>possessio</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>liberatos religione</b>, ‘freed from their obligation.’</p>
+
+<p>19. <b>quoniam</b>, etc., lit. ‘since, when they had left the enemy’s
+camp, they had returned to it (<i>eo lem.</i> lit. to the same place) on
+an imaginary pretext, as if for some accidental reason, and so had again
+left (the camp) not bound by an oath.’</p>
+
+<p>24. <b>censores</b>. Two censors were elected every five years
+(<i>lustrum</i>); they held office for 18 months. Their duties were
+(1)&nbsp;to take the census, <i>i.e.</i> the register of the citizens
+and their property; (2)&nbsp;to exercise a supervision over the morals
+of the citizens, and punish defaulters by the <i>nota censoria</i>, and
+degrade them in various ways. The consequence of the <i>nota</i> was
+<i>ignominia</i>.</p>
+
+
+<div class = "exercise">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">75</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "exercises" id = "exercises">
+EXERCISES</a></h3>
+
+<h4>TO BE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN.</h4>
+
+<p class = "center">[<i>The words in brackets are not to be
+translated.</i>]</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_I" id = "ex_I" href = "#txt_I">I.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Vergil used to produce his verses like a bear.</p>
+
+<p>2. The verses of Vergil were at first rough and unfinished.</p>
+
+<p>3. He used to polish and correct his rough verses like a bear.</p>
+
+<p>4. That animal by licking gives features to its shapeless
+offspring.</p>
+
+<p>5. All the verses of Vergil were afterwards polished and
+corrected.</p>
+
+<p>6. The offspring of that animal is at first rough and shapeless.</p>
+
+<p>7. It produces a shapeless offspring, but afterwards licks and
+forms&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>8. The rough verses were polished and corrected by Vergil, as (its)
+offspring is licked and formed by that animal.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">76</span>
+<h4><a name = "ex_II" id = "ex_II" href = "#txt_II">II.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Philemon was an author by no means equal to Menander.</p>
+
+<p>2. Do you not blush, whenever you defeat me in such contests?</p>
+
+<p>3. Philemon did not blush when he met Menander.</p>
+
+<p>4. Philemon often defeated Menander in those contests.</p>
+
+<p>5. Menander will meet Philemon by chance.</p>
+
+<p>6. Menander, a writer of comedies, defeated Philemon by bribery.</p>
+
+<p>7. Menander and Philemon were by no means equal.</p>
+
+<p>8. How do you defeat me in these contests?</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_III" id = "ex_III" href = "#txt_III">III.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. A wonderful thing is told by Plutarch about the palm.</p>
+
+<p>2. Great weights were placed by the philosophers on the stem of that
+palm tree.</p>
+
+<p>3. The tree will not yield, but will rise against the great
+weight.</p>
+
+<p>4. They have made the palm the emblem of victory.</p>
+
+<p>5. Why is this tree an emblem of victory in battle?</p>
+
+<p>6. The stem of the tree was not bent by the weights placed
+upon&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>7. Philosophers tell many wonderful tales about this tree.</p>
+
+<p>8. This tree was made by the Greeks the emblem of victory.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">77</span>
+<h4><a name = "ex_IV" id = "ex_IV" href = "#txt_IV">IV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. It is said that Xanthippe was the wife of Socrates the
+philosopher.</p>
+
+<p>2. Socrates had a very bad-tempered wife, Xanthippe by name.</p>
+
+<p>3. He did not drive his quarrelsome wife from home.</p>
+
+<p>4. I can bear the impertinence of the others more easily.</p>
+
+<p>5. The wife of Socrates was very quarrelsome both day and night.</p>
+
+<p>6. The friends of Socrates wondered at his bad-tempered wife.</p>
+
+<p>7. Why has your quarrelsome and bad-tempered wife not been driven
+from home?</p>
+
+<p>8. Alcibiades, the friend of Socrates, wondered at Xanthippe, the
+quarrelsome wife of that philosopher.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_V" id = "ex_V" href = "#txt_V">V.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Voluntary labours used to strengthen the body of Socrates.</p>
+
+<p>2. He used to stand day and night motionless.</p>
+
+<p>3. Socrates lived in perfect health for almost his whole life.</p>
+
+<p>4. A plague ravaged the city of Athens in the Peloponnesian war.</p>
+
+<p>5. Socrates kept his bodily vigour during the plague which ravaged
+Athens.</p>
+
+<p>6. He used to stand with his eyes directed to the same place.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">78</span>
+<p>7. Socrates bore very many labours to strengthen his body.</p>
+
+<p>8. He directed his eyes to the same place from one sunrise to the
+next sunrise.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_VI" id = "ex_VI" href = "#txt_VI">VI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. King Alexander had a wonderful horse called Bucephalas.</p>
+
+<p>2. No one, except King Alexander, could mount this horse.</p>
+
+<p>3. The king, seated on this horse, performed many brave deeds in the
+Indian war.</p>
+
+<p>4. Darts were thrown from all sides at King Alexander.</p>
+
+<p>5. The king was carried back at full speed by the dying horse from
+the middle of the battle.</p>
+
+<p>6. A town, called Bucephalon, was built by Alexander in that
+place.</p>
+
+<p>7. The horse was pierced by many wounds and fell down almost
+lifeless.</p>
+
+<p>8. Alexander built a town in India, which he called Bucephalon in
+honour of his wonderful horse Bucephalas.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_VII" id = "ex_VII" href = "#txt_VII">VII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Alcibiades was educated by his uncle Pericles.</p>
+
+<p>2. A flute-player endeavoured to teach Alcibiades to play the
+flute.</p>
+
+<p>3. The flute was handed to Alcibiades by his master.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">79</span>
+<p>4. The flute was thrown away and broken by the boy Alcibiades.</p>
+
+<p>5. The Athenians unanimously ceased to play the flute.</p>
+
+<p>6. The uncle caused the boy to be taught to play the flute.</p>
+
+<p>7. The wise uncle caused many masters to be summoned.</p>
+
+<p>8. Flute-playing was formerly considered by the Athenians a most
+honourable accomplishment.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_VIII" id = "ex_VIII" href = "#txt_VIII">VIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The Samnites sent ambassadors to C. Fabricius, the Roman
+general.</p>
+
+<p>2. They offered the Roman general a large sum of money as a gift.</p>
+
+<p>3. Many things were lacking to the magnificence of his home.</p>
+
+<p>4. Fabricius could control his eyes, mouth and ears.</p>
+
+<p>5. Fabricius was unwilling to receive the money from the
+Samnites.</p>
+
+<p>6. The Samnites know (how) to use the money.</p>
+
+<p>7. Fabricius did many things for the Samnites after peace had been
+made.</p>
+
+<p>8. The Roman general was unwilling to use the Samnite money.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_IX" id = "ex_IX" href = "#txt_IX">IX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The king had collected his forces on the plain.</p>
+
+<p>2. King Antiochus was about to make war on his enemies, the Roman
+people.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">80</span>
+<p>3. The army of the king was glittering with gold and silver
+trappings.</p>
+
+<p>4. He manœuvred his chariots, cavalry and elephants.</p>
+
+<p>5. These things will be enough for the greedy Romans.</p>
+
+<p>6. Many elephants had been collected by Antiochus.</p>
+
+<p>7. Hannibal jeered at the cowardice of Antiochus’ soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>8. The king had collected chariots with sickles and elephants with
+turrets.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_X" id = "ex_X" href = "#txt_X">X.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The death of Milo was wonderful and pitiable.</p>
+
+<p>2. Athletics were abandoned by Milo (when) advanced in age.</p>
+
+<p>3. A large oak was standing near the road.</p>
+
+<p>4. He thrust his fingers into the hollows of the tree.</p>
+
+<p>5. Milo endeavoured with his fingers to tear open the oak.</p>
+
+<p>6. The tree returned to its natural position and shut in his
+hands.</p>
+
+<p>7. The man was torn to pieces by wild beasts.</p>
+
+<p>8. The oak was torn open by the hands of Milo.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XI" id = "ex_XI" href = "#txt_XI">XI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The Roman senators used to enter the senate house with their
+sons.</p>
+
+<p>2. The senators were consulting about a very important matter.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">81</span>
+<p>3. No one spoke about the matter, (which had been) adjourned to the
+next day.</p>
+
+<p>4. The mother of the boy Papirius was very anxious to hear the
+matter.</p>
+
+<p>5. It is advantageous to the state for one man to have two wives.</p>
+
+<p>6. The boy was unwilling to tell his mother those matters.</p>
+
+<p>7. In that city one woman was not married to two men.</p>
+
+<p>8. I must be silent, for I am not allowed to tell you this.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XII" id = "ex_XII" href = "#txt_XII">XII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. On hearing this she betook herself in alarm to the other
+women.</p>
+
+<p>2. Next day a crowd of women came to the senate-house.</p>
+
+<p>3. What is this crowd of women, and what do these demands mean?</p>
+
+<p>4. The boy advances into the middle of the senate-house and says
+these things.</p>
+
+<p>5. Afterwards no boy entered the senate-house except Papirius.</p>
+
+<p>6. The name (of) “Praetextatus” was given to the boy.</p>
+
+<p>7. The women were frightened and surrounded the senate-house weeping
+and praying.</p>
+
+<p>8. The senators wondered, when they saw the crowd of matrons.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">82</span>
+<h4><a name = "ex_XIII" id = "ex_XIII" href = "#txt_XIII">XIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Sertorius was an energetic general, skilled in commanding an
+army.</p>
+
+<p>2. In times of difficulty he used to pretend dreams and tell lies to
+the soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>3. A certain man gave Sertorius a white doe of remarkable beauty.</p>
+
+<p>4. This doe has been presented to me by heaven.</p>
+
+<p>5. The doe used to converse with Sertorius and advise him.</p>
+
+<p>6. He announced that the doe had given him this advice.</p>
+
+<p>7. The soldiers willingly obeyed Sertorius as if (he were)
+a&nbsp;god.</p>
+
+<p>8. The doe, which had been given him as a gift, was of remarkable
+beauty and extraordinary speed.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XIV" id = "ex_XIV" href = "#txt_XIV">XIV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The doe, alarmed by an inroad of the enemy, took to flight.</p>
+
+<p>2. The doe one day hid in a neighbouring marsh, and was searched for
+in vain.</p>
+
+<p>3. It was believed that Sertorius’ doe had perished.</p>
+
+<p>4. Sertorius ordered the man, who found the doe, to be silent.</p>
+
+<p>5. The doe appeared to me in the middle of the night and foretold
+what must be done.</p>
+
+<p>6. The doe was suddenly let loose into the room, in which Sertorius
+and his friends were sitting.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">83</span>
+<p>7. The credulity of these barbarians was very useful to the
+general.</p>
+
+<p>8. No one deserted Sertorius, though he was often conquered.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XV" id = "ex_XV" href = "#txt_XV">XV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. An old woman brought nine books to King Tarquin.</p>
+
+<p>2. She said that she wished to sell the books, which she had
+brought.</p>
+
+<p>3. The woman demanded an immense (sum of) money, and therefore the
+king laughed.</p>
+
+<p>4. Three out of the nine books were burnt before the king’s face.</p>
+
+<p>5. The king said that the old woman was certainly mad.</p>
+
+<p>6. She sold these books for the same price that she had demanded for
+all.</p>
+
+<p>7. Tarquin at first despised the old woman, but afterwards bought the
+three remaining books.</p>
+
+<p>8. The books, which this old woman sold to Tarquin, are called the
+Sibylline (books).</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XVI" id = "ex_XVI" href = "#txt_XVI">XVI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Scipio Africanus did not receive money from King Antiochus.</p>
+
+<p>2. Scipio made peace with Antiochus on favourable terms.</p>
+
+<p>3. Many charges were made against Scipio by M. Naevius.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">84</span>
+<p>4. This is the day on which Scipio conquered Hannibal in a very great
+battle in Africa.</p>
+
+<p>5. This victory of Scipio in the land of Africa was very famous.</p>
+
+<p>6. They went to the Capitol, to give thanks to Jupiter.</p>
+
+<p>7. The assembly did not pass sentence on Scipio.</p>
+
+<p>8. They all followed Scipio to his house with rejoicings and
+congratulations.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XVII" id = "ex_XVII" href = "#txt_XVII">XVII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Cato, Scipio’s enemy, won over a certain tribune, named
+Petilius.</p>
+
+<p>2. He was unwilling to give an account of the money and spoil to the
+senate.</p>
+
+<p>3. Scipio produced a book, in which was written an account of the
+money and the spoil.</p>
+
+<p>4. He tore the book to pieces with his own hands.</p>
+
+<p>5. The safety of the state ought to be ascribed to Scipio.</p>
+
+<p>6. He rose and produced a book, in which were the accounts.</p>
+
+<p>7. I will not read the accounts to you, for I am unwilling to insult
+myself.</p>
+
+<p>8. Scipio had taken much money and spoil in the war against
+Antiochus, and had written an account of it in a book.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XVIII" id = "ex_XVIII" href =
+"#txt_XVIII">XVIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Old writers have told many (tales) about the life and deeds of
+Africanus.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">85</span>
+<p>2. Before dawn Scipio used to go to the temple of Jupiter.</p>
+
+<p>3. The dogs did not attack Scipio as he went to the Capitol.</p>
+
+<p>4. The attendants of the temple wondered that the dogs did not bark
+at Scipio.</p>
+
+<p>5. Scipio was attacking a very strong town, situated in Spain.</p>
+
+<p>6. There was small hope of taking this strong town.</p>
+
+<p>7. He ordered bail to be given by the soldier for (his appearance on)
+the third day.</p>
+
+<p>8. Scipio stretched out his hand towards the town, which he was
+attacking.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XIX" id = "ex_XIX" href = "#txt_XIX">XIX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The man must be condemned by the law.</p>
+
+<p>2. I consulted about the life of my friend with the judges.</p>
+
+<p>3. I persuaded the other judges to acquit my friend.</p>
+
+<p>4. He silently gave his vote for condemning the man.</p>
+
+<p>5. The duty of a friend and of a judge was thus safe.</p>
+
+<p>6. He consulted with himself about the life of his friend.</p>
+
+<p>7. Two out of the three judges acquitted my friend.</p>
+
+<p>8. It is the duty of a judge to condemn a man, who ought by the law
+to be condemned.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XX" id = "ex_XX" href = "#txt_XX">XX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. A certain young man was very fond of old words.</p>
+
+<p>2. In his daily conversations he used old-fashioned expressions.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">86</span>
+<p>3. The Pelasgi were the first who inhabited Italy.</p>
+
+<p>4. He used old-fashioned words, as though he were talking with the
+mother of Evander.</p>
+
+<p>5. He did not wish any one to understand what he said.</p>
+
+<p>6. You ought to be silent, and thus you would gain what you wish
+for.</p>
+
+<p>7. You ought to use modern expressions, if you wish to be
+understood.</p>
+
+<p>8. I love the old Aurunci, for they were honourable and good.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXI" id = "ex_XXI" href = "#txt_XXI">XXI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Titus Manlius took a necklace from an enemy, whom he had
+killed.</p>
+
+<p>2. He was named Torquatus in honour of a necklace, which he had taken
+from an enemy.</p>
+
+<p>3. A certain Gaul advanced with a shield and two swords.</p>
+
+<p>4. A Gaul advanced, who surpassed the other in height and
+strength.</p>
+
+<p>5. He beckoned with his hand, and cried with a very loud voice.</p>
+
+<p>6. The others dared not fight against this enemy, on account of his
+dreadful appearance.</p>
+
+<p>7. The barbarian began to jeer at them, because no one dared to
+advance.</p>
+
+<p>8. T. Manlius was grieved that the others dared not fight against the
+Gaul.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">87</span>
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXII" id = "ex_XXII" href = "#txt_XXII">XXII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The two soldiers, the Roman and the Gaul, fought on the bridge in
+the sight of both armies.</p>
+
+<p>2. Manlius trusted in his courage, the Gaul in his skill.</p>
+
+<p>3. The enemy’s shield was struck again by Manlius.</p>
+
+<p>4. Manlius wounded the Gaul’s shoulder with his Spanish sword.</p>
+
+<p>5. The Roman threw his enemy down and cut off his head.</p>
+
+<p>6. The bloodstained necklace was taken from the neck of the Gaul by
+Manlius.</p>
+
+<p>7. The son of Manlius killed an enemy, who had challenged him,
+although he had been forbidden to fight by his father.</p>
+
+<p>8. Harsh commands are called “Manlian,” because this Manlius beheaded
+his own son.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXIII" id = "ex_XXIII" href =
+"#txt_XXIII">XXIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The consul drew up the Roman lines facing the vast forces of the
+Gauls.</p>
+
+<p>2. The arms of the Gallic leader shone with gold.</p>
+
+<p>3. The Gaul, a man of enormous height, advanced shaking his
+spear.</p>
+
+<p>4. He haughtily ordered any Roman to come, who dared to fight against
+him.</p>
+
+<p>5. Whilst the others were wavering between shame and fear, Valerius
+advanced boldly against the enemy.</p>
+
+<p>6. A raven suddenly attacked the eyes of the Gaul.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">88</span>
+<p>7. The raven, having torn the hands and face of the Gaul, perched on
+the head of Valerius.</p>
+
+<p>8. Thus, helped by the bird, he killed his enemy, and in honour of
+the victory was named Corvinus.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXIV" id = "ex_XXIV" href = "#txt_XXIV">XXIV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Aesop, who lived in Phrygia, was a very wise writer of fables.</p>
+
+<p>2. He invented amusing stories, and thus gave useful advice.</p>
+
+<p>3. Philosophers give useful advice, but what they say is not
+amusing.</p>
+
+<p>4. Aesop invented an amusing story about a lark.</p>
+
+<p>5. This fable about the lark warned men that their hopes ought to be
+placed in themselves.</p>
+
+<p>6. Q. Ennius composed many verses about this story of Aesop.</p>
+
+<p>7. This is a proof that our confidence ought to be placed in
+ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>8. It is the custom with philosophers to give useful advice, with
+writers of fables amusing advice.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXV" id = "ex_XXV" href = "#txt_XXV">XXV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. It is said that a lark built in the corn.</p>
+
+<p>2. The corn was ripening when the young ones were unfledged.</p>
+
+<p>3. The lark went to search for food, and left her young ones in the
+nest.</p>
+
+<p>4. If anything unusual happens, said she, tell me when I return
+home.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">89</span>
+<p>5. The young ones saw the owner of the crops calling his son.</p>
+
+<p>6. The owner’s friends were unwilling to assist him in the
+harvest.</p>
+
+<p>7. Make haste, mother, and carry us to another nest.</p>
+
+<p>8. The lark said that it was not necessary to take her young ones to
+another home.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXVI" id = "ex_XXVI" href = "#txt_XXVI">XXVI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. When the mother had flown to seek food, the owner returned to the
+field with his son.</p>
+
+<p>2. He told his son that the friends were loiterers, for they had not
+come.</p>
+
+<p>3. Let us go, said he, and ask our relations to help us
+to-morrow.</p>
+
+<p>4. The young ones told their mother that the master had sent for his
+relations.</p>
+
+<p>5. The master said that he would himself reap the corn with his
+sickle.</p>
+
+<p>6. The relations neglected to come, and so the master and his son
+themselves reaped the corn.</p>
+
+<p>7. The mother said that it was time to go; for what he had ordered
+would now be done.</p>
+
+<p>8. The matter now depends on the master himself, not on his
+friends.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXVII" id = "ex_XXVII" href =
+"#txt_XXVII">XXVII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Pyrrhus fought many battles with success in the land of Italy.</p>
+
+<p>2. Timochares, a friend of Pyrrhus, wished to kill the king by
+poison.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">90</span>
+<p>3. If we agree about the reward, I promise to kill the king by
+poison.</p>
+
+<p>4. My son is the king’s cup-bearer, and so he will easily be able to
+give poison to the king.</p>
+
+<p>5. Fabricius wrote to the Roman Senate, that Timochares wished to
+kill King Pyrrhus by poison.</p>
+
+<p>6. The Senate advised the king to act more cautiously.</p>
+
+<p>7. Your friends wish to kill you by poison; therefore it is necessary
+to act very cautiously.</p>
+
+<p>8. The king wrote to the Roman Senate, thanking and praising them,
+and restored all the prisoners whom he had taken.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXVIII" id = "ex_XXVIII" href =
+"#txt_XXVIII">XXVIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. A lion of enormous size was brought into the circus.</p>
+
+<p>2. Many slaves had been given by their masters to fight wild
+beasts.</p>
+
+<p>3. An enormous and terrible lion attracted the attention of all by
+its roaring.</p>
+
+<p>4. It is said that the lion, seeing Androclus, suddenly stood
+still.</p>
+
+<p>5. It is said that the lion wagged its tail like a dog, and licked
+the man’s hands.</p>
+
+<p>6. The slave recovered his lost courage and turned his eyes on the
+lion.</p>
+
+<p>7. You might have seen the lion licking the legs and hands of the
+slave.</p>
+
+<p>8. A mimic hunt was given in the circus, for which many wild-beasts
+had been sent from Africa.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">91</span>
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXIX" id = "ex_XXIX" href = "#txt_XXIX">XXIX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Loud shouts were aroused by this wonderful sight.</p>
+
+<p>2. Caesar asked why the lion spared Androclus alone.</p>
+
+<p>3. A wonderful and marvellous story was told Caesar by the slave.</p>
+
+<p>4. The slave, driven to flight by his master’s daily blows, took
+refuge in the desert.</p>
+
+<p>5. At mid-day the slave hid in a cave, to which a lion came.</p>
+
+<p>6. An enormous lion was coming to the cave, with one foot lame,
+groaning and sighing.</p>
+
+<p>7. He was at first terrified by the sight of the lion, but soon
+recovered his courage.</p>
+
+<p>8. The slave pulled a large thorn out of the lion’s foot; the lion
+then placed its foot in his hands and slept.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXX" id = "ex_XXX" href = "#txt_XXX">XXX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. He said that for three years he had lived in the same cave as the
+lion.</p>
+
+<p>2. I used to cook my food by the mid-day sun, because I had no
+fire.</p>
+
+<p>3. I am weary of this wild-beast’s life, and I will leave the
+cave.</p>
+
+<p>4. His master arrested him and sent him from Africa to Rome.</p>
+
+<p>5. My master had me condemned to death and given to the wild-beasts
+in the Circus.</p>
+
+<p>6. The lion, after I was separated from it, was taken and sent to
+Rome.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">92</span>
+<p>7. Androclus, after telling this wonderful tale, was pardoned and
+presented with the lion.</p>
+
+<p>8. They gave money to the slave and flowers to the lion, which had
+been the host of the man.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXI" id = "ex_XXXI" href = "#txt_XXXI">XXXI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Polus, a famous actor in Greece, had a well-loved son.</p>
+
+<p>2. Polus lost his son, and mourned for him many days.</p>
+
+<p>3. Polus was about to act the “Electra” of Sophocles, and to carry
+the bones of Orestes in his hands.</p>
+
+<p>4. Electra carried the remains of her brother in an urn, and wept for
+his death.</p>
+
+<p>5. Electra, the sister of Orestes, was dressed in mourning and
+carried the remains of her brother.</p>
+
+<p>6. She took the urn from the tomb and carried it in her hands.</p>
+
+<p>7. The urn, which Electra was carrying, had been placed in a
+tomb.</p>
+
+<p>8. Polus carried in his hands the remains of his own son, and wept
+for his, not Orestes’, death.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXII" id = "ex_XXXII" href =
+"#txt_XXXII">XXXII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. It is said that ambassadors came from Athens to Miletus to ask for
+help.</p>
+
+<p>2. They pleaded for the Milesians, but Demades replied that help
+ought not to be given to them.</p>
+
+<p>3. Demades maintained that the Milesians were not worthy of help.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">93</span>
+<p>4. He said that it would not be advantageous to the state to give
+help.</p>
+
+<p>5. It is said that Demades received from the Milesian ambassadors as
+much money as he asked for.</p>
+
+<p>6. I am suffering from an inflamed throat and therefore I cannot
+oppose the Milesian demands.</p>
+
+<p>7. He did not conceal what he had done, but said he had received much
+money.</p>
+
+<p>8. You received three talents for acting, I&nbsp;received more for
+being silent.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXIII" id = "ex_XXXIII" href =
+"#txt_XXXIII">XXXIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Cicero wished to buy a house on the Palatine, but had no money at
+the time.</p>
+
+<p>2. P. Sulla lent Cicero 5,000,000 sesterces secretly.</p>
+
+<p>3. You have received, said they, money from Sulla for buying a
+house.</p>
+
+<p>4. Cicero afterwards bought the house with the money which he had
+received from Sulla.</p>
+
+<p>5. I said that I did not wish to buy that house, because I was a
+cautious father of a family.</p>
+
+<p>6. Cicero’s friends reproached him with this lie.</p>
+
+<p>7. Cicero told that lie, because he had received money from a
+defendant.</p>
+
+<p>8. Cicero wished to buy that house, but he said that he did not wish
+to buy&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXIV" id = "ex_XXXIV" href =
+"#txt_XXXIV">XXXIV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Many friends accompanied Julianus home.</p>
+
+<p>2. A block, many stories high, was blazing.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">94</span>
+<p>3. He said that property in the city gave great returns.</p>
+
+<p>4. There is no remedy to prevent houses at Rome burning.</p>
+
+<p>5. He sold all his country property and bought city property.</p>
+
+<p>6. The philosopher said that alum was the best remedy for fire.</p>
+
+<p>7. A wooden tower, which had been built to defend the city, was
+smeared with alum by Archelaus.</p>
+
+<p>8. Q. Claudius says that this tower, smeared with alum, could not
+burn.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXV" id = "ex_XXXV" href = "#txt_XXXV">XXXV.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Arion of Lesbos lived at Corinth, and was loved by Periander.</p>
+
+<p>2. Arion went to Italy and charmed the ears of all in that land.</p>
+
+<p>3. He gained much money by playing, and afterwards wished to return
+to King Periander at Corinth.</p>
+
+<p>4. He chose a Corinthian ship, because he thought the sailors would
+be more friendly to him.</p>
+
+<p>5. Arion gave all his money to the sailors, but prayed them to spare
+his life.</p>
+
+<p>6. The sailors ordered Arion to spring down into the sea, in order
+that they might take possession of his money.</p>
+
+<p>7. In a loud voice he sang this song, and then threw himself into the
+sea.</p>
+
+<p>8. He took his lyre in his hand and, standing on the stern, began to
+sing a song.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">95</span>
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXVI" id = "ex_XXXVI" href =
+"#txt_XXXVI">XXXVI.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The sailors thought that Arion had perished in the sea, and held
+on their course to Corinth.</p>
+
+<p>2. It is said that a dolphin carried the man safe to Taenarum.</p>
+
+<p>3. Arion went from Taenarum to Corinth and related what had happened
+to himself.</p>
+
+<p>4. The king believed that Arion was deceiving him, and ordered him to
+be guarded for two days.</p>
+
+<p>5. The king ordered the sailors to be sent for, and asked them if
+they had heard anything about Arion.</p>
+
+<p>6. The sailors told the king that Arion was living in Italy.</p>
+
+<p>7. Arion stood forth before the astounded sailors, who thought that
+he had perished in the sea.</p>
+
+<p>8. At Taenarum two bronze figures stand as a proof of this tale.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXVII" id = "ex_XXXVII" href =
+"#txt_XXXVII">XXXVII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. A certain barbarian bought a large farm planted with olives and
+vines.</p>
+
+<p>2. The Thracian saw his neighbour pruning his trees.</p>
+
+<p>3. He asked his neighbour why he pulled up the vine suckers.</p>
+
+<p>4. The trees of his neighbour were more fruitful than his own.</p>
+
+<p>5. He thanked his neighbour and went home rejoicing.</p>
+
+<p>6. The ignorant Thracian took a sickle, and began to cut off the most
+luxuriant foliage of the trees.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">96</span>
+<p>7. He cut off all the fruitful twigs of the apple-trees.</p>
+
+<p>8. The ignorant man thought that he was pruning his trees, as his
+neighbour had done.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXVIII" id = "ex_XXXVIII" href =
+"#txt_XXXVIII">XXXVIII.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. The King of Pontus was very skilled in medicine.</p>
+
+<p>2. It is said that these medicines are good for dissipating
+poisons.</p>
+
+<p>3. The King of Pontus for his whole life was on his guard against
+secret treachery.</p>
+
+<p>4. Mitridates often drank poison to show that it was harmless to
+him.</p>
+
+<p>5. He slew himself with his own sword, (after) having in vain tried
+the strongest poisons.</p>
+
+<p>6. Ennius could speak Greek, Latin and Oscan, and so he used to say
+that he had three hearts.</p>
+
+<p>7. The King of Pontus knew the languages of all the nations under his
+dominion, twenty-two in number.</p>
+
+<p>8. Mitridates used to talk with the men of each nation, whom he had
+under his dominion, in the language of that nation, and not through an
+interpreter.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XXXIX" id = "ex_XXXIX" href =
+"#txt_XXXIX">XXXIX.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. He gave Protagoras half of the money which he asked for, and
+promised to give the remaining half afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>2. I will give you, said he, the remaining half on the first day on
+which I win a case.</p>
+
+<p>3. He was a pupil of Protagoras for a long while, but did not
+undertake any case.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">97</span>
+<p>4. He did not undertake any case, in order to avoid paying the rest
+of the money.</p>
+
+<p>5. Protagoras thought that his plan for gaining the money was very
+clever.</p>
+
+<p>6. If the verdict is given in your favour,<a class = "tag" name =
+"tag" id = "tag" href = "#footnote">*</a> it will be necessary for you
+to pay me the money.</p>
+
+<p>7. The judges left the matter unsettled, because they did not know
+what sentence they ought to give.</p>
+
+<p>8. The wise judges adjourned the law-suit to a very distant day.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a name = "ex_XL" id = "ex_XL" href = "#txt_XL">XL.</a></h4>
+
+<p>1. Hannibal chose ten prisoners and sent them to Rome.</p>
+
+<p>2. He wished after the battle of Cannae to make an exchange of
+prisoners with his enemies.</p>
+
+<p>3. The Roman prisoners promised with an oath to return to
+Hannibal.</p>
+
+<p>4. They told the senators what Hannibal had said about an exchange of
+prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>5. Their relations embraced them and prayed them with tears not to
+return to Hannibal.</p>
+
+<p>6. Of the ten prisoners eight returned to Hannibal, and two only
+remained at Rome.</p>
+
+<p>7. The two prisoners, who remained at Rome, were despised by all.</p>
+
+<p>8. The censors branded with every mark of infamy the prisoners, who
+had refused to return to Hannibal.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a name = "footnote" id = "footnote" href = "#tag">*</a>
+The verdict is given in my favour: pronuntiatum est pro me.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">98</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "vocab_latin" id = "vocab_latin">
+LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.</a></h3>
+
+<p class = "center"><i>The parts of regular verbs are not given.</i></p>
+
+<p class = "center"><i>A dot occurring in a word separates the parts of
+a compound.</i></p>
+
+<div class = "vocab">
+
+<p class = "voclink">
+<a href = "#voc_A">&nbsp; A &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_B">&nbsp; B &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_C">&nbsp; C &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_D">&nbsp; D &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_E">&nbsp; E &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_F">&nbsp; F &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_G">&nbsp; G &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_H">&nbsp; H &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_I">&nbsp; I &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_L">&nbsp; L &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_M">&nbsp; M &nbsp;</a><br>
+<a href = "#voc_N">&nbsp; N &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_O">&nbsp; O &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_P">&nbsp; P &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_Q">&nbsp; Q &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_R">&nbsp; R &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_S">&nbsp; S &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_T">&nbsp; T &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_U">&nbsp; U &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_V">&nbsp; V &nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#voc_X">&nbsp; X &nbsp;</a>
+</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_A" id = "voc_A"> </a>
+<b>A.</b> for Aulus, -i.</p>
+
+<p><b>a, ab</b>, <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, from, by.</p>
+
+<p><b>ab·eo</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, -īre, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go
+away.</p>
+
+<p><b>ab·hinc</b>, <i>adv.</i>, henceforward, since.</p>
+
+<p><b>ab·iĭcio</b>, -iēci, -iectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;throw away,
+throw from. (iăcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ab·lēgo</b>, <i>v. a.</i> 1, I send away.</p>
+
+<p><b>ab·solvo</b>, -solvi, -sŏlūtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;set loose,
+I&nbsp;acquit.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăbundē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, abundantly, sufficiently. (ab·undo,
+I&nbsp;overflow; cf. unda, a&nbsp;wave.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ac</b>, <i>conj.</i>, and.</p>
+
+<p><b>ac·cēdo</b>, -cessi, -cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go to,
+I&nbsp;approach. (ad, cēdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ac·cĭdo</b> (or adcĭdo), -cidi, no sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;fall to, fall out, happen. (ad, cădo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ăcies, -ei</b>, <i>f.</i>, line-of-battle (lit. sharp edge).
+(ācer, ăcus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ac·cĭpio</b>, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;receive,
+learn, hear. (ad, căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ac·cūso</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I impeach, blame.</p>
+
+<p><b>ācer</b>, acris, acre, <i>adj.</i>, sharp, eager, energetic.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăcerbus, -a, -um</b>, <i>adj.</i>, bitter, bad-tempered.
+(ācer.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ācrĭter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, sharply, keenly. (ācer.)</p>
+
+<p><b>actor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, actor. (ăgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>acturus</b>, <i>fut. part.</i>, fr. ăgo.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăd</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, to, for.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·cido</b>. Cf. accido.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring to,
+add.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăd·eo</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go to,
+approach.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·eō̆</b>, <i>adv.</i>, thus far;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+usque adeo, to such an extent, (ad, is; cf. quoad.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·fĕro</b> (or affĕro), -tŭli, -lātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;bring&nbsp;to.</p>
+
+<p><b><ins class = "correction" title = "· invisible">ad·</ins>ficio</b>. Cf. afficio.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·fīnis</b> (or affinis), -e, <i>adj.</i>, neighbouring to,
+related to (by marriage);</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as a <i>subst.</i>, neighbour, relation.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">99</span>
+<p><b>ad·ĭgo</b>, -ēgi, -actum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive to.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+adigo aliquem (ad) iusiurandum, I drive a man to an oath, make him
+swear. (ăgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·hĭbeo</b>, -hĭbui, -hĭbĭtum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring to,
+employ. (hăbeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·ĭpiscor</b>, -eptus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;obtain.
+(ăpiscor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·iŭvo</b>, -iūvi, -iūtum, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;assist.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·mīrātio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, wonder.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·mĭror</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I wonder at.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring to,
+bring in, admit.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·mŏdum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, lit. to a measure, in a high degree,
+very. (mŏdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·no</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I swim to.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·prĕhendo</b> (or apprehendo), -prĕhendi, -prĕhensum, 3 <i>v.
+a.</i>, I&nbsp;seize.</p>
+
+<p><b>adsĭduus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, constant, eager, diligent.
+(adsideo: cf. continuus, fr. contineo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>adsĭdue</b>, <i>adv.</i>, constantly. (adsiduus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·signo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I attribute to. (signum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·sum</b>, -fui, -esse, <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am present.</p>
+
+<p><b>adŭlescens</b> (or adŏlescens), -entis, <i>c.</i>, young man,
+young woman. (ad·ŏlesco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>adŭlescentia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, youth, manly strength,
+(ad·olesco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>adŭlor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I fawn on, flatter.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·vĕnio</b>, -vēni, -ventum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;come to,
+approach.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·versārius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, turned towards, opposed
+to;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+<i>subst.</i>, antagonist. (ad, versus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·versum</b>, or <b>ad·versus</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov.
+acc.</i>, towards, against.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·verto</b>, -verti, -versum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;turn
+towards, observe (generally in phrase ‘animum adverto’).</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·vŏco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I call to my aid.</p>
+
+<p><b>ad·vŏlo</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I fly towards.</p>
+
+<p><b>aedes</b> (or aedis), -is, <i>f.</i>, a building, temple;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+in <i>pl.</i>, a house.</p>
+
+<p><b>aedĭtŭmus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, keeper of temple, sacristan.
+(aedes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>aegrē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, with difficulty, scarcely.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+aegre passus, displeased. (aeger.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ăēneus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, brazen. (aes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>aerārium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, treasury. (aes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>aes</b>, aeris, <i>n.</i>, copper, brass, money.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aesōpus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Aesop. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"Aisôpos">Αἴσωπος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>aetas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, age (for aevĭtas, fr. aevum, <span
+class = "greek" title = "aiôn">αἰών</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>affero</b>. Cf. adfero.</p>
+
+<p><b>af·fĭcio</b>, -fēci, -fectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;affect in
+some way:</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+afficio contumeliâ, I affect, brand with disgrace, <i>i.e.</i> I
+disgrace, insult. (făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Afrĭca</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Africa, <i>i.e.</i> the land round
+Carthage.</p>
+
+<p><b>Afrĭcānus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, agnomen of Scipio.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăger</b>, agri, <i>m.</i>, land, territory. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "agros">ἀγρός</span>, cf. English acre, German Acker.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">100</span>
+<p><b>ăgo</b>, ēgi, actum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive, do, act;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+of the Senate, I transact, I discuss:</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+ago gratias, I give thanks;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+bene ago, I fare well, prosper.</p>
+
+<p><b>āio</b>, <i>v. n.</i>, <i>defective</i>, I&nbsp;say.</p>
+
+<p><b><span class = "greek" title =
+"akoinonoêtoi">ἀκοινονόητοι</span></b> (cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii.&nbsp;10, note</a>), deficient in common
+sense.</p>
+
+<p><b>āla</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, wing.</p>
+
+<p><b>albus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, white.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alcĭbĭădes</b>, -is or -i, <i>m.</i>, Alcibiades. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "Alkibiadês">Ἀλκιβιάδης</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>āles</b>, -ĭtis, <i>adj.</i>, winged;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, c., a bird. (āla.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Alexander</b>, -dri, <i>m.</i>, Alexander. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "Alexandros">Ἀλέξανδρος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ălĭquĭs</b>, aliquid, <i>subst. pron.</i>, some one, any one.
+(ălius, quis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ălĭter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, otherwise. (ălius.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ălius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, other, another. (Cf. <span class
+= "greek" title = "allos">ἄλλος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>altē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, deeply. (altus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>alter</b>, -ĕra, -ĕrum, <i>adj.</i>, the one (or other) of two.
+(Cf. ălius.)</p>
+
+<p><b>altus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, deep;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, altum, i, <i>n.</i>, the deep sea. (ălo,
+I&nbsp;nourish.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ălūmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, alum.</p>
+
+<p><b>ambĭguus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, wavering, hesitating. (ambĭgo,
+fr. ambi, Gr. <span class = "greek" title = "amphi">ἀμφί</span>,
+ăgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ambĭtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, lit. a going round, bribery. (ambio.
+fr. ambi, Gr. <span class = "greek" title =
+"amphi">ἀμφί</span>,&nbsp;eo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ambrăciensis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, Ambracian, belonging to
+Ambrăcia, town in S. of Epīrus.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăm·ĭcio</b>, -ĭcui or -ixi, -ictum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;wrap
+around, clothe. (am or amb, Gr. <span class = "greek" title =
+"amphi">ἀμφί</span>, and iăcio. Cf. <span class = "greek" title =
+"amphiballô">ἀμφιβάλλω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ămictus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. amĭcio.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+As <i>subst.</i>, amictus, ūs <i>m.</i>, clothing.</p>
+
+<p><b>ămīcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, friendly;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+<i>subst.</i>, ămīcus, i, <i>m.</i>, a friend. (ămo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ā·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send away, let
+go, lose.</p>
+
+<p><b>ămo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I love.</p>
+
+<p><b>am·plector</b>, -exus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;embrace. (am cf.
+am·icio, plecto, I&nbsp;plait.)</p>
+
+<p><b>amplĭtūdo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>f.</i>, dignity. (amplus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>amp·ŭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I lop off.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăn</b>, <i>conj.</i>, or, whether (in disjunctive
+interrogations).</p>
+
+<p><b>an·ceps</b>, -cĭpĭtis, <i>adj.</i>, two-headed, doubtful,
+dangerous. (an, cf. am·ĭcio, caput.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Androclus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Androclus.</p>
+
+<p><b>ănĭma</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, soul. (animous, <span class = "greek"
+title = "anemos">ἄνεμος</span>, that which breathes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ănĭm·ad·verto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;direct my
+attention to, notice. (animus, ad, verto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ănĭmus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, mind. (Cf. anima.)</p>
+
+<p><b>annālis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, belonging to a year.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+As <i>subst.</i>, annalis, -is, <i>m.</i> (sc. liber), chronicle, annal.
+(annus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>annus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, year.</p>
+
+<p><b>antĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, before.</p>
+
+<p><b>antĕā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, before.</p>
+
+<p><b>antĕ·quam</b>, <i>conj.</i>, before that.</p>
+
+<p><b>Antĭŏchīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, belonging to Antiochus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Antĭŏchus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Antiochus (<span class = "greek"
+title = "Antiochos">Ἀντίοχος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>antīquĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, antiquity, old times.
+(antiquus.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">101</span>
+<p><b>antīquĭtus</b>, <i>adv.</i>, from of old, in former times.
+(antiquus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>antīquus</b> (or anticus), -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, ancient.
+(ante.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Antōnius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Antonius.</p>
+
+<p><b>ănus</b>, -us, <i>f.</i>, old woman.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăpĕrio</b>, -ĕrui, -ĕrtum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;open.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăpŏlŏgus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, fable. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"apologos">ἀπόλογος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ap·pello</b> (or <b>ad·pello</b>), 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive
+to, go to, I&nbsp;accost, appeal&nbsp;to.</p>
+
+<p><b>ap·pĕto</b> (or <b>ad·peto</b>), -īvi and -ii, -ītum, 3 <i>v.
+a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;seek for, long for, approach.</p>
+
+<p><b>ap·pono</b> (or <b>ad·pono</b>), -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;place near.</p>
+
+<p><b>ap·prŏbo</b> (or <b>ad·prŏbo</b>), 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;approve,
+I&nbsp;confirm.</p>
+
+<p><b>aptus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. ăpo, ăpere, I&nbsp;fit to;
+fit, suited. (Cf. apiscor, <span class = "greek" title =
+"haptô">ἅπτω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ăpŭd</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, near to, at the
+house&nbsp;of.</p>
+
+<p><b>arbor</b>, -ŏris, <i>f.</i>, a tree.</p>
+
+<p><b>arcesso</b>, -īvi, -ītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send for.</p>
+
+<p><b>Archĕlāus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Archelaus.</p>
+
+<p><b>ardeo</b>, arsi, arsum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am on fire,
+burn.</p>
+
+<p><b>arduus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, steep, lofty.</p>
+
+<p><b>argentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, silver.</p>
+
+<p><b>argūmentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, proof, argument, plot. (arguo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>argy̆ranche</b> (<span class = "greek" title =
+"arguranchê">ἀργυράγχη</span>). Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_XXXII">xxxii.&nbsp;14, note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ărīon</b>, ŏnis, <i>m.</i>, Arion.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristŏdēmus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Aristodemus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ăristŏtĕles</b>, -is or -i, <i>m.</i>, Aristotle.</p>
+
+<p><b>arma</b>, -orum, <i>n.</i>, <i>plur. only</i>, arms.</p>
+
+<p><b>armilla</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, bracelet. (arma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>armo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I arm, equip. (arma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ars</b>, <b>artis</b>, <i>f.</i>, art, skill. (Cf. arma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>arx</b>, <b>arcis</b>, <i>f.</i>, citadel. (arceo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>a·scendo</b>, -ndi, -sum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;mount up.
+(scando, I&nbsp;climb.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ā̆sĭātĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, belonging to Asia.</p>
+
+<p><b>aspectus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, look. (aspicio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>asper</b>, -ĕra, -ĕrum, <i>adj.</i>, harsh, rough.</p>
+
+<p><b>a·spernor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I despise. (ab, sperno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>a·spicio</b>, -exi, -ectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;behold,
+look&nbsp;at.</p>
+
+<p><b>as·porto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I carry away. (abs, porto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>as·sĭdeo</b>, -sēdi, -sessum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;sit by;
+I&nbsp;besiege. (ad, sedeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>assum</b>. Cf. adsum.</p>
+
+<p><b>astūtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, skilled, clever. (astus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ăt</b>, <i>conj.</i>, but.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ăthēnae</b>, -arum, <i>f. plur.</i> only, Athens.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ăthēniensis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, Athenian.</p>
+
+<p><b>āthlēta</b>, -ae, <i>m.</i>, wrestler, athlete. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "athlêtês">ἀθλητής</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>āthlētĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, athletic.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+ars athletica, athletics.</p>
+
+<p><b>atquĕ</b>, <i>conj.</i>, and.</p>
+
+<p><b>ā̆trox</b>, -ōcis, <i>adj.</i>, frightful, fierce. (āter, black,
+gloomy.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Attĭca</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Attica.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">102</span>
+<p><b>attentē</b>, <i>adv., comp.</i>, attentius, attentively.
+(attendo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>at·tingo</b>, -tĭgi, -tactum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;touch.
+(ad·tango.)</p>
+
+<p><b>auctor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, author. (augeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>audeo</b>, ausus, 2 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;dare.</p>
+
+<p><b>audio</b>, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I hear. (Cf. auris, ear.)</p>
+
+<p><b>audītor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, hearer. (audio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>au·fĕro</b>, abs·tŭli, ab·lātum, au·ferre, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;carry away, take. (ab, fero.)</p>
+
+<p><b>aureus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, golden. (aurum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>auris</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, ear.</p>
+
+<p><b>aurum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, gold.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aurunci</b>, -orum, <i>m.</i>, the Aurunci.</p>
+
+<p><b>aut</b>, <i>conj.</i>, or.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+aut ... aut, either ... or.</p>
+
+<p><b>autem</b>, <i>conj.</i>, but, however, moreover.</p>
+
+<p><b>auxĭlĭum</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, help. (augeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ăvārus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, covetous, greedy. (ăveo,
+I&nbsp;long for.)</p>
+
+<p><b>āversus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> from āverto, turned away.</p>
+
+<p><b>ā·verto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;turn away.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăvis</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, bird.</p>
+
+<p><b>ăvuncŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, maternal uncle. (Diminutive of ăvus,
+grandfather.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_B" id = "voc_B"> </a>
+<b>barbăria</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, foreign country. (barbărus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>barbărus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, foreign. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "barbaros">βάρβαρος</span>: cf. balbus, stammering.)</p>
+
+<p><b>bellum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, war.</p>
+
+<p><b>bellātor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, warrior. (bellum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>bĕnĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, well.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+bene facio, I benefit.</p>
+
+<p><b>bĕnĕfĭcium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, kindness. (bene, facio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>bestia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, wild beast.</p>
+
+<p><b>blandē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, gently. (blandus).</p>
+
+<p><b>blandīmentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, blandishment. (blandior,
+I&nbsp;caress.)</p>
+
+<p><b>bŏnus</b>, -a -um, <i>adj.</i>, good.</p>
+
+<p><b>Būcĕphălas</b>, -ae (<span class = "greek" title =
+"Boukephalas">Βουκεφάλας</span>), <i>m.</i>, Bucephalas. Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_VI">vi.&nbsp;1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_C" id = "voc_C"> </a>
+<b>C.</b> for Cāĭŭs or Gāĭŭs.</p>
+
+<p><b>caedes</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, lopping off, destruction. (caedo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Caesar</b>, -ăris, <i>m.</i>, Caesar.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cāĭŭs</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Caius.</p>
+
+<p><b>callĭdĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, skill, cunning. (callidus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>campus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, plain.</p>
+
+<p><b>cănis</b>, -is, <i>c.</i>, dog. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"kuôn">κύων</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cannensis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, of Cannae.</p>
+
+<p><b>căno</b>, cĕcĭni, cantum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;sing,
+I&nbsp;play.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+cano tibiis = I play the flute.</p>
+
+<p><b>canto</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;sing, I&nbsp;play
+(frequentative form of cano.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cantor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, singer, musician. (căno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cantus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, song, melody. (căno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>căpesso</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;strive
+for, undertake. (desiderative form fr. căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>căpio</b>, cēpi, captum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;take.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+capio consilium, I form or adopt a plan.</p>
+
+<p><b>Căpĭtōlium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, the Capitol. (căput.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">103</span>
+<p><b>căpĭtālis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, relating to the caput, <i>i.e.</i>
+life or civil rights, capital.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+res capitalis, capital offence. (căput.)</p>
+
+<p><b>captīvus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, captive, (căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>căput</b>, -ĭtis, <i>n.</i>, head, life, civil rights. (Cf. <span
+class = "greek" title = "kephalê">κεφαλή</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>carmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, song. (căno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cassīta</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, the crested lark, ălauda cristata, L.
+(cassis, a&nbsp;helmet.)</p>
+
+<p><b>castrum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, fort; in <i>plur.</i>, a camp. (Cf.
+căsa, hut.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cāsus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, accident, case. (cădo, I&nbsp;fall,
+happen.)</p>
+
+<p><b>căterva</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, troop, band, body of men.</p>
+
+<p><b>Căto</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, Cato. (cătus, shrewd.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cauda</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, tail.</p>
+
+<p><b>causa</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, cause, reason, case.</p>
+
+<p><b>causā</b>, <i>abl.</i> of causa, for the sake of, with
+<i>genitive</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>cautē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, cautiously, (cautus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cautus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> from căveo, careful.</p>
+
+<p><b>căveo</b>, cāvi, cautum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am on my guard,
+cautious.</p>
+
+<p><b>căverna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, cave, hollow. (căvus, hollow.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cēdo</b>, cessi, cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;yield, go away, depart.</p>
+
+<p><b>cĕlĕber</b>, -bris, -bre, <i>adj.</i>, numerous, famous.</p>
+
+<p><b>cĕlĕrĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, speed. (cĕler.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cēlla</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, shrine, part of temple in which the
+image of the god stood.</p>
+
+<p><b>cēlo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I conceal.</p>
+
+<p><b>censeo</b>, -ui, censum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;assess, think,
+vote for, decree, resolve.</p>
+
+<p><b>censor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, censor. (censeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>centum</b>, <i>indecl. num. adj.</i>, one hundred.</p>
+
+<p><b>certāmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, contest, competition. (certo,
+I&nbsp;strive.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cerva</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, doe.</p>
+
+<p><b>cervix</b>, -īcis, <i>f.</i>, neck.</p>
+
+<p><b>cessātor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, loiterer. (cesso.)</p>
+
+<p><b>[cētĕrus]</b>, -a, -um, the other, the rest. The nom. sing. masc.
+is not in use.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chīlō</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, Chilo. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"Cheilôn">Χείλων</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cĭbārius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, belonging to food (cĭbus).</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+res cibaria, provisions.</p>
+
+<p><b>cĭbus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, food.</p>
+
+<p><b>cĭcātrix</b>, -īcis, <i>f.</i>, scar.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cĭcĕro</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, Cicero.</p>
+
+<p><b>cingo</b>, -nxi, -nctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;surround, gird on,
+clothe.</p>
+
+<p><b>circum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, around.</p>
+
+<p><b>circum·fĕro</b>, -tŭli, -lātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;carry
+round, report.</p>
+
+<p><b>circum·fundo</b>, -fūdi, -fūsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;pour
+around, surround.</p>
+
+<p><b>circum·plector</b>, -plexus, 3 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;embrace,
+surround.</p>
+
+<p><b>circum·spĭcio</b>, -spexi, -spectum, 3 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;look around, survey.</p>
+
+<p><b>circum·volvo</b>, no perf., -vŏlūtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;roll
+round.</p>
+
+<p><b>circus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i> (<span class = "greek" title =
+"kirkos">κίρκος</span>), circus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cispius</b> (mons), the Cispian hill.</p>
+
+<p><b>cĭtātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. cĭto, urged on.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+citato cursu, at full speed.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">104</span>
+<p><b>cĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I urge on. (frequentative form of
+cieo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cīvis</b>, -is, <i>c.</i>, citizen.</p>
+
+<p><b>cīvĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, state. (cīvis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>clāmor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, shout, noise. (clāmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>clandestīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, secret. (clam.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Claudius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Claudius.</p>
+
+<p><b>claudo</b>, -si, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;shut. (Cf. clavis,
+key, <span class = "greek" title = "kleiô">κλείω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>coepi</b>, coepisse, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, defective (the <i>pres.</i>
+coepio only in ante-classical writers.) <i>perf.</i> with <i>pres.</i>
+signific., I&nbsp;begin.</p>
+
+<p><b>cōgĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I meditate upon. (co, agito.)</p>
+
+<p><b>co·gnātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, related by blood;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, a kinsman. (co, gnatus for natus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>co·gnōmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, surname. (co, nōmen.)</p>
+
+<p><b>co·gnōmĭno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I surname.</p>
+
+<p><b>co·gnosco</b>, -gnōvi, -gnĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;become
+acquainted with, investigate a case. (nosco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōgo</b>, cŏēgi, cŏactum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive together,
+compel, (co, ago.)</p>
+
+<p><b>col·lŏquor</b>, -lŏcūtus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;talk with.</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏlo</b>, cŏlui, cultum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;cultivate. (Cf.
+ā̆grĭ-cŏla.)</p>
+
+<p><b>collum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, neck.</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏma</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, hair, foliage. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "komê">κόμη</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏmes</b>, -ĭtis, <i>c.</i>, companion. (com, eo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>commentĭcius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, pretended, false.
+(comminiscor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏmĭtor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I accompany. (cŏmes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>commentus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. commĭniscor.</p>
+
+<p><b>com·mĭniscor</b>, -mentus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;devise,
+invent. (Cf. re·miniscor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōmoedia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, comedy. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "kômôdia">κωμῳδία</span>.)</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+certamina comoediarum, dramatic competitions.</p>
+
+<p><b>com·păro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, prepare, procure.</p>
+
+<p><b>compĕtītor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, rival, competitor.
+(com·peto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>com·plōro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I bewail violently.</p>
+
+<p><b>com·plūres</b>, -a, rarely -ia, <i>adj.</i>, several.</p>
+
+<p><b>com·pōno</b>, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;place
+together, arrange, compose.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+litterae compositae, forged letters.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·cēdo</b>, -cessi, -cessum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;yield, grant, retire.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·cĭdo</b>, ĭdi, no sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;fall down.
+(cădo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·cĭpio</b>, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;take to
+myself.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+concepta sanies, matter which has gathered in a wound. (căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·clāmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;cry out, shout
+together or loudly.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·demno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I sentence, condemn. (damno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>condĭcio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, agreement, conditions, terms,
+(con·dico.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring together,
+build, lay up, hide.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·fĕro</b>, -tŭli, -lātum, or collātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;bring together, employ, attribute.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">105</span>
+<p><b>con·fĭcio</b>, -fēci, -fectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;execute,
+finish. (făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>confīdentia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, boldness, confidence.
+(confīdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·fīdo</b>, -fisus, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;trust in.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·firmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I establish, confirm.</p>
+
+<p><b>confīsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. confido, confident.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·formo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I shape.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·fūto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I restrain, silence. (futo,
+<i>intens.</i> form of fŏveo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·gĕro</b>, -gessi, -gestum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring
+together.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Absolutely (sc. nidum), I build a nest.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·grĕdior</b>, -gressus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;meet as
+friend, or foe, I&nbsp;attack. (gradior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>congressio</b>, -onis, <i>f.</i>, meeting, attack.
+(congredior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōn·iĭcio</b>, -iēci, -iectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;throw
+together, hurl. (iăcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>coniūrātio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, conspiracy. (con·iūro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōnor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I attempt.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·scisco</b>, -scīvi, or -scii, -scītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;approve of.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+conscisco aliquid mihi, I adjudge something to myself;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+conscisco necem, mortem, mihi, I kill myself.</p>
+
+<p><b>consensus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, consent, agreement.
+(consentio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·sĕquor</b>, -sĕcūtus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;follow after,
+attain, gain.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·sĕro</b>, -sēvi, -sĭtum, or -sătum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;sow, plant.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·sīdo</b>, -sēdi, -sessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;sit down,
+encamp. (sĕdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>consĭlium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, plan, purpose. (con, root sul; cf.
+consul.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·sisto</b>, -stĭti, stĭtum, 3 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;halt.</p>
+
+<p><b>consĭtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. consĕro.</p>
+
+<p><b>conspectus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, sight, view. (conspĭcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·spĭcio</b>, -spexi, -spectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;look at with attention, see.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·sterno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I stretch on ground, terrify.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·stĭtuo</b>, -ui, -ūtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;place (a thing)
+somewhere, station. (stătuo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·sŭesco</b>, -suēvi, -suētum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;grow
+accustomed.</p>
+
+<p><b>consul</b>, -ŭlis, <i>m.</i>, consul. (Cf. consĭlium.)</p>
+
+<p><b>consŭlāris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, consular.</p>
+
+<p><b>consŭlo</b>, -lui, -ltum, 3 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;reflect, I&nbsp;consult with. (Cf. consilium.)</p>
+
+<p><b>consulto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I deliberate upon, I&nbsp;debate.
+(frequentative form of consŭlo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>consultum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, decision, decree. (consŭlo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·temno</b>, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;despise.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·tendo</b>, -di, -tum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;strain after, strive for, assert.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·testor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I call to witness.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Contestor litem, I introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses.
+(testis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·tingo</b>, -tĭgi, -tactum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;touch, reach
+to, happen. (tango.)</p>
+
+<p><b>contĭnuo</b>, <i>adv.</i>, immediately. (continuus, fr.
+con·tineo.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">106</span>
+<p><b>contio</b>, ōnis, <i>f.</i>, meeting, assembly. (for con·ventio,
+a&nbsp;coming together.)</p>
+
+<p><b>contrā</b>, <i>adv., prep. gov. acc.</i>, against.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+contra dīco, I object to. appeal against sentence.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·tueor</b>, -tuitus, 2 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;gaze upon.</p>
+
+<p><b>contŭmēlia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, disgrace, ignominy. (root tem: cf.
+con·temno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·turbo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I throw into disorder. (turba.)</p>
+
+<p><b>con·vello</b>, -velli (rarely -vulsi), -vulsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;tear away,&nbsp;up.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·vĕnio</b>, -vēni, -ventum, 4 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;come together, agree with, meet.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·verto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;turn round,
+manœuvre.</p>
+
+<p><b>con·vinco</b>, -vīci, -victum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;completely
+conquer. I&nbsp;convict of (a&nbsp;crime).</p>
+
+<p><b>convīvium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, banquet. (vīvo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōpia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, plenty, supply; in <i>plur.</i>,
+forces. (co, ops.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōpiōsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i> with <i>abl.</i>, well supplied
+with.</p>
+
+<p><b>cor, cordis</b>, <i>n.</i>, heart. (Cf. <span class = "greek"
+title = "kardia">καρδία</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cōram</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, in the
+presence&nbsp;of.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cŏrinthius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Corinthian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cŏrinthus</b>, -i, <i>f.</i>, Corinth.</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏrōna</b>, <ins class = "correction" title = "- missing or invisible">-ae</ins>,
+<i>f.</i>, wreath, garland. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "korônê">κορώνη</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏrōno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I crown. (cŏrōna.)</p>
+
+<p><b>corpus</b>, -ŏris, <i>n.</i>, body.</p>
+
+<p><b>cor·rĭgo</b>, -rexi, -rectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;make
+straight, correct. (con, rego.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cŏruncānius</b>, -ii, Coruncanius.</p>
+
+<p><b>Corvīnus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Corvinus. (corvus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>corvus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, raven. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"korax">κόραξ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cŏtīdĭānus</b> (or <b>quŏtīdĭānus</b>), -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>,
+daily. (cŏtīdĭē.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cras</b>, <i>adv.</i>, to-morrow.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crassus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Crassus.</p>
+
+<p><b>crēdo</b>, -dĭdi, -ditum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;entrust,
+I&nbsp;trust in, I&nbsp;believe.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Used absolutely, I suppose.</p>
+
+<p><b>crēdŭlĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, easiness of belief, credulity,
+(crēdŭlus, crēdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>crīmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, charge, accusation.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crŏtōniensis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, of Crotona.</p>
+
+<p><b>crŭcĭātus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, torture, (crŭcio, crux.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cruentus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, stained with blood.
+(cruor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cruor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, gore, blood which has flowed from
+wounds.</p>
+
+<p><b>crūs, crūrĭs</b>, <i>n.</i>, leg.</p>
+
+<p><b>cŭbĭcŭlum</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, a resting or sleeping room,
+(cŭbo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cūius</b>, -a, -um, <i>interrog.</i> and <i>relat. adj. pron.</i>,
+whose? or whose. (qui.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cultus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. colo, cultivated,
+civilized.</p>
+
+<p><b>cum</b> (or <b>quum</b>), <i>conj.</i>, when, since, if,
+although.</p>
+
+<p><b>cum</b>, <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, with.</p>
+
+<p><b>cunctābundus</b>, -a, -um, lingering, (cunctor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cunctor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I loiter, linger.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">107</span>
+<p><b>cunctus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, all in a body, all. (for
+con·iunctus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cŭneus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, wedge, wedge-shaped body of troops.</p>
+
+<p><b>cŭpĭdus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, eager, desirous, proud of (with
+gen.) (cŭpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cūr</b>, <i>adv.</i> and <i>conj.</i>, why, wherefore.</p>
+
+<p><b>cūra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, care, anxiety.</p>
+
+<p><b>cūria</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, senate-house. (Quiris, Cures.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cŭrius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Curius.</p>
+
+<p><b>cūro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I take care of.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+With gerundive, cf. <a href = "#notes_VII">vii. 3. note</a>.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Curo puerum docendum, I get the boy taught. (cūra.)</p>
+
+<p><b>currus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, chariot. (curro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>cursus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, running, race, course.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Cĭtato cursu, at full speed. (curro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>custōdio</b>, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I guard. (custos.)</p>
+
+<p><b>custos</b>, -ōdis, <i>c.</i>, guard.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_D" id = "voc_D"> </a>
+<b>damno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I condemn. (damnum, hurt, loss.)</p>
+
+<p><b>de</b>, <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, concerning, from.</p>
+
+<p><b>dēbeo</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I owe. (de, hăbeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dēbĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, lamed, feeble. (de, habilis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dĕcem</b>, <i>numer.</i>, ten.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·cerno</b>, -crēvi, -crētum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;determine, decide; of the senate, I&nbsp;pass a decree.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·cīdo</b>, -cīdi, -cīsum. 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;cut off.
+(caedo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>de·clāmo</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;exercise myself
+in speaking, declaim.</p>
+
+<p><b>de·clāro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I show, proclaim.</p>
+
+<p><b>dĕcŏro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I adorn. (dĕcus, ornament, glory.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dēdĭtio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, surrender. (dēdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·dūco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;lead away,
+withdraw, bring down.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·fendo</b>, -di, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;ward off, keep
+off.</p>
+
+<p><b>dēfensor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, defender. (dēfendo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·fĕro</b>, -tŭli, -lātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring down,
+hand over.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·fīo</b>, -fectus, -fĭĕri, <i>v. n.</i> (used as <i>passive</i>
+of dēfĭcio), I&nbsp;am wanting, I&nbsp;fail.</p>
+
+<p><b>dēformĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, ugliness, deformity. (dē·formis,
+ugly. Cf. forma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·iĭcio</b>, -iēci, -iectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;throw down.
+(iăcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>deīnceps</b> (dissyl.), or <b>dĕïnceps</b>, <i>adv.</i>, next,
+following. (deinde.)</p>
+
+<p><b>deīndĕ</b> (dissyl.), or <b>dĕīndĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, then,
+thereupon.</p>
+
+<p><b>dēlecto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I delight. (intens. of delĭcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·lĭgo</b>, -lēgi, -lectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;choose out,
+select. (lĕgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·līro</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I rave. (de, lira, out of the
+furrow.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·lĭtesco</b>, -tui, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;lie hid, conceal
+myself. (lătesco, inceptive of lăteo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>delphīnus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, dolphin. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "delphis">δελφίς</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dēmādēs</b>, -is, <i>m.</i>, Demades. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "Dêmadês">Δημάδης</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>de·mĕto</b>, -messui, -messum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;reap,
+mow.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">108</span>
+<p><b>dē·mīror</b>, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I wonder at.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·mŏror</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I linger.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dēmosthĕnes</b>, -is and -i, <i>m.</i>, Demosthenes. (<span class
+= "greek" title = "Dêmosthenês">Δημοσθένης</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·mulceo</b>, -mulsi, -mulctum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;stroke
+down, caress.</p>
+
+<p><b>dēmum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, at last. (de.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dēnĭquĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and then, finally. (de.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dentātus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Dentatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>dēnuo</b>, <i>adv.</i>, again. (For de novo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·pŏpŭlor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;ravage.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·pŭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> I cut off, prune.</p>
+
+<p><b>de·rīdeo</b>, -si, -sum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;laugh at.</p>
+
+<p><b>de·scisco</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;withdraw, revolt from, abandon; with <i>prep.</i> ab and
+<i>abl.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>dē·sĕro</b>, -rui, -rtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;desert, abandon.
+(Lit., I&nbsp;undo, sever; sero, I&nbsp;join.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dēsertus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. dēsĕro, lonely,
+desert.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·sīdĕro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I long for.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·sĭlio</b>, -ĭlui, -ultum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;leap down,
+(sălio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·sĭno</b>, -sii, rarely -sīvi, -sĭtum, 3 <i>v. n.</i> and
+<i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;give up, cease.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·sĭpio</b>, no perf. or sup., -ere, <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;act
+foolishly, I&nbsp;am foolish, (săpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dēsĭtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> of desĭno, obsolete,
+disused.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·spĭcio</b>, -exi, -ectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;look down upon, despise.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·sum</b>, -fui, -esse, <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am wanting.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·tĕgo</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;uncover,
+discover.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·tergeo</b>, -si, -sum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;wipe off.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·trăho</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;take away.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·trunco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I lop, cut off.</p>
+
+<p><b>dĕ·ūro</b>, -ussi, -ustum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;burn up.</p>
+
+<p><b>deus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>,
+god<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p><b>dē·vĕho</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;carry away, carry
+down.</p>
+
+<p><b>dē·vĕnio</b>, -vēni, -ventum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;come from,
+I&nbsp;go to, arrive&nbsp;at.</p>
+
+<p><b>dexter</b>, -tĕra, -tĕrum, and tra, trum, <i>adj.</i>, on the
+right side, right. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"dexios">δεξιός</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Diāna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Diana.</p>
+
+<p><b>dĭcio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, rule, jurisdiction. (Cf. dico,
+condicio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dīco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;say, tell, call.</p>
+
+<p><b>dictum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, saying, command, (dīco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dī·dūco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;draw apart,
+separate.</p>
+
+<p><b>dies</b>, -ei, <i>m.</i> (in <i>sing. com.</i>), day.</p>
+
+<p><b>dif·fero</b>, distŭli, dīlātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;carry away,
+put off.</p>
+
+<p><b>dif·fīcĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, difficult, hard. (făcĭlis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dī·gĕro</b>, -gessi, -gestum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;separate,
+disperse, dissipate.</p>
+
+<p><b>dĭgĭtus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, finger.</p>
+
+<p><b>dignĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, rank, dignity. (dignus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dignus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, worthy.</p>
+
+<p><b>dī·grĕdior</b>, -gressus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;go away.
+(grădior.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">109</span>
+<p><b>dī·lăcĕro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I tear to pieces.</p>
+
+<p><b>dīlūcesco</b>, luxi, no sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;begin to grow
+light. (Inceptive form of dilūceo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dīlūcĭdē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, clearly. (dilūceo, lux.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dīmĭdium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, half, (di, medius.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dī·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send away,
+dismiss.</p>
+
+<p><b>dī·rĭgo</b>, -rexi, -rectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;arrange in a
+straight line, I&nbsp;direct&nbsp;to.</p>
+
+<p><b>dis·cēdo</b>, -cessi, -cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;depart, go
+away.</p>
+
+<p><b>di·scindo</b>, -scĭdi, -scissum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;tear
+asunder, cut open.</p>
+
+<p><b>discī̆plīna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, teaching, knowledge, tactics,
+custom. (discĭpŭlus, disco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>discĭpŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, disciple, follower. (disco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>disco</b>, dĭdĭci, no sup., 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;learn. (Root
+da: cf. <span class = "greek" title = "didaskô">διδάσκω</span>,
+doceo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dissĭmŭlanter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, secretly. (dissĭmŭlo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dĭū</b>, <i>adv.</i>, for a long time. (dies.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dī·vello</b>, -velli, rarely -vulsi, -vulsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;tear asunder.</p>
+
+<p><b>dīves</b>, -ĭtis, <i>adj.</i>, rich.</p>
+
+<p><b>dīvīnĭtus</b>, <i>adv.</i>, from heaven, by divine providence or
+influence. (dīvus, deus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dīvīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, divine. (dīvus, deus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>do</b>, dĕdi, dătum, dăre, <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;give. (Cf. <span
+class = "greek" title = "didômi">δίδωμι</span> dōnum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dŏceo</b>, -cui, -ctum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;teach. (Cf.
+disco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dŏleo</b>, -ui, -ĭtum, 2 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;grieve, I&nbsp;grieve for.</p>
+
+<p><b>dŏlor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, pain, grief. (dŏleo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dŏmi</b>, <i>adv.</i>, at home. Locative case of dŏmus.</p>
+
+<p><b>dŏmus</b>, -us, <i>f.</i>, home, house. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "domos">δόμος</span>, root dem, to build.)</p>
+
+<p><b><ins class = "correction" title = "printed text has Greek ε for ĕ">dōnĕc</ins></b>,
+<i>conj.</i>, until.</p>
+
+<p><b>dōno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I give, I present. (do.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dōnum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, gift, (do.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dorsum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, back.</p>
+
+<p><b>dŭbĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I hesitate.</p>
+
+<p><b>dŭbius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, doubtful.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Dŭbio prŏcul, without doubt.</p>
+
+<p><b>dum</b>, <i>conj.</i>, whilst, until.</p>
+
+<p><b>dŭŏ</b>, -ae, -ŏ, <i>numer.</i>, two. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "duo">δύο</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>dŭŏ·dē·vīginti</b>, <i>numer.</i>, eighteen.</p>
+
+<p><b>dūrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, hard, harsh.</p>
+
+<p><b>dux, dŭcis</b>, <i>m.</i>, leader. (dūco.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_E" id = "voc_E"> </a>
+<b>e, ex</b>, <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, out of, from.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Ex republica, to the advantage of the state.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕdo</b>, ēdi, ēsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;eat. (Cf. ĕdax, <span
+class = "greek" title = "edô, esthiô">ἔδω, ἐσθίω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ecquĭs</b>, ecquĭd, <i>interrog. subst. pron.</i>, whether
+any?</p>
+
+<p><b>ē·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;give forth, bring
+forth, produce, utter, form, raise.</p>
+
+<p><b>ē·dūco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I rear, educate.</p>
+
+<p><b>ef·fĕro</b>, ex·tŭli, ē·lātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring
+out.</p>
+
+<p><b>ef·fĭcio</b>, -fēci, -fectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring to
+pass, accomplish. (ex, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕgŏ</b>, <i>pers. pron.</i>, I.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕgŏ·mĕt</b>, I myself.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">110</span>
+<p><b>ē·grĕdior</b>, -gressus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;go out,
+I&nbsp;leave. (grădior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ēgrĕgĭus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, distinguished, eminent. (e,
+grex, chosen from the herd.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ēlectra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Electra. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "Êlektra">Ἠλέκτρα</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕlĕphantus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, elephant. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "elephas">ἐλέφας</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ēlŏquentia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, eloquence. (ēlŏquor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ē·lūdo</b>, -si, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;mock, jeer at.</p>
+
+<p><b>ē·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send out.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕmo</b>, ēmi, emptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;buy.</p>
+
+<p><b>emptio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, purchase, buying. (ĕmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕnim</b>, <i>conj.</i>, for.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+sed enim, but indeed.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ennius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Ennius.</p>
+
+<p><b>ē·nuntio</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I declare, mention.</p>
+
+<p><b>eo</b>, īvi or ii, ĭtum, īre, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go. (Root i;
+cf. <span class = "greek" title = "eimi">εῖμι</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>eo</b>, <i>adv.</i>, thither, for that reason, therefore.
+(is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕphippium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, saddle, horse caparison. (<span
+class = "greek" title = "ephippion">ἐφίππιον</span>, from <span class =
+"greek" title = "epi, hippos">ἐπὶ, ἵππος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕpŭlae</b>, -arum, <i>f.</i>, feast, banquet. (In <i>sing.</i>
+ĕpŭlum, -i, <i>n.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕquĭtātus, -us</b>, <i>m.</i>, cavalry. (ĕquus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕquŭs</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, horse. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"hippos">ἵππος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ergo</b>, <i>adv.</i>, therefore.</p>
+
+<p><b>ē·rŭbesco</b>, -bui, no sup., 3 <i>v. n. incep.</i>, I&nbsp;grow
+red, blush.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕt</b>, <i>conj.</i>, and.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕtĭam</b>, <i>conj.</i>, also, even.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĕtĭam·si</b>, <i>conj.</i>, even if.</p>
+
+<p><b>Euander</b>, -dri, <i>m.</i>, Evander.</p>
+
+<p><b>Euathlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Euathlus.</p>
+
+<p><b>ēverto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;overthrow.</p>
+
+<p><b>exanguĭs</b>, or <b>exsanguis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, bloodless,
+lifeless. (ex, sanguis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·ănĭmātus</b>, <i>part.</i>, from ex-ănĭmo, lifeless.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·ănĭmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I deprive of life. (anima.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·cīdo</b>, -cīdi, -cīsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;cut out, off.
+(caedo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>excĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I arouse. (Freq. form of excio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·clāmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;cry out,
+exclaim.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·eo, -ivi or ii, -ĭtum, -ire</b>, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go
+out.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·erceo, -ui, -ĭtum</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive on,
+I&nbsp;practise. (arceo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>exercĭtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, army. (exerceo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>exerto</b>, or <b>exserto</b>, no perf. and sup., 1 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;thrust out. (ex, serto, freq. of sĕro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·ĭgo</b>, -ēgi, -actum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive out.
+(ăgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>exĭlium</b>, or <b>exsilium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, exile.
+(exul.)</p>
+
+<p><b>exĭmius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, extraordinary, uncommon.
+(eximo, I&nbsp;take out of the mass.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·istĭmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I judge, consider. (aestimo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>exĭtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, going out, departure. (exeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·ordior</b>, -orsus, 4 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;begin.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·pecto</b>, or <b>ex·specto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;look
+for. (ex, specto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·pĕrior, -pertus</b>, 4 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;try.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">111</span>
+<p><b>ex·pīro</b>, or <b>ex·spīro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;breathe
+out. (ex, spiro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·pōno</b>, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;set forth,
+explain.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·prĭmo</b>, -pressi, -pressum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;press out.
+(prĕmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·prōmo</b>, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring forth,
+utter.</p>
+
+<p><b>extemplo</b>, <i>adv.</i>, immediately.</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·to</b>, or <b>ex·sto</b>, no perf. and sup., -are, <i>v.
+n.</i>, I&nbsp;stand forth, appear. (ex, sto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>extrā</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, outside.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Extra tela, out of range.</p>
+
+<p><b>extrēmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, outermost, furthest.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Extremâ nocte, at the very end of night.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Superl. degree from [exter and extĕrus, post-classical], extĕrior,
+extrēmus, and extĭmus. (ex.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ex·urgo</b>, or <b>ex·surgo</b>, exurrexi, no sup., 3 <i>v.
+n.</i>, I&nbsp;rise up. (ex, surgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>exūro</b>, -ussi, -ustum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;burn up.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_F" id = "voc_F"> </a>
+<b>Făbius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Fabius.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fābrĭcius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Fabricius.</p>
+
+<p><b>fābŭla</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, fable, story. (fāri, to say.)</p>
+
+<p><b>făcĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, easy, good-natured. (făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>făcĭnus</b>, -ŏris, <i>n.</i>, deed, crime. (făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>făcio</b>, fēci, factum, făcĕre, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;make,
+do.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Facio cum aliquo, I take part with anyone.</p>
+
+<p><b>factum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, deed. (făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fācundia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, eloquence<ins class = "correction"
+title = ". invisible">. </ins>(fāri, to say.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fallo</b>, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;deceive. (<span
+class = "greek" title = "sphallô, a·sphalês">σφάλλω,
+ἀ·σφαλής</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>falsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, false. (fallo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>falx</b>, falcis, <i>f.</i>, sickle.</p>
+
+<p><b>fāma</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, renown. (fāri, to say.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fămĭlia</b>, -ae (old gen. -as), <i>f.</i>, the slaves in a
+household, a&nbsp;household.</p>
+
+<p><b>fămĭliāris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, belonging to a household
+(fămĭlia), intimate;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, friend.</p>
+
+<p><b>Făvōrīnus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Favorinus.</p>
+
+<p><b>fēcundus</b>, -a, <ins class = "correction" title = "- invisible">-um</ins>,
+<i>adj.</i>, fruitful.</p>
+
+<p><b>fēlīcĭter</b>, happily: fēlīcius, fēlīcissime. (fēlix.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fēlix</b>, fēlīcis, <i>adj.</i>, happy, rich.</p>
+
+<p><b>fĕra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, wild beast. (ferus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fĕrē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, almost.</p>
+
+<p><b>fĕrīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of wild beasts. (fĕrus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fermē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, nearly, about, usually. (Cf. fere.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fĕro</b>, tŭli, lātum, ferre, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bear;
+I&nbsp;tell, say. (<span class = "greek" title = "pherô">φέρω</span>,
+tollo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fĕrox</b>, <b>fĕrōcis</b>, <i>adj.</i>, fierce. (Cf. ferus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fĕrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, wild. (Cf. ferox.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fervo</b>, -vi, no sup., 3, <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;grow hot;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+commoner form, ferveo, -bui, no sup., 2.</p>
+
+<p><b>festīno</b>, 1, <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;hasten.</p>
+
+<p><b>fētus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, brood, offspring.</p>
+
+<p><b>fĭdes</b>, -ei, <i>f.</i>, faith, trustworthiness. (fīdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fĭdes</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, string, stringed instrument, lyre;
+usually in plural only.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">112</span>
+<p><b>fīdūcia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, trust, courage. (fido.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fīlius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, son.</p>
+
+<p><b>fingo</b>, -nxi, -nctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;form, fashion.</p>
+
+<p><b>fīo</b>, factus, fiĕri, <i>v. n.</i>, (used as pass. of facio),
+I&nbsp;am made, become.</p>
+
+<p><b>firmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I strengthen. (firmus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>flāgĭtium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, shameful act, disgrace.
+(flāgĭto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>flăgro</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I burn, blaze.</p>
+
+<p><b>flāvesco</b>, no perf. and sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;become
+yellow. (Inceptive form of flāveo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>flecto</b>, -xi, -xum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bend.</p>
+
+<p><b>flōs</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, flower.</p>
+
+<p><b>fluctus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, wave. (fluo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fluito</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I float. (Intensitive form of
+fluo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fŏcŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, little hearth, brazier. (diminutive of
+focus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fŏris</b>, <i>adv.</i>, out of doors, (fŏris, a door.)</p>
+
+<p><b>formīdo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>f.</i>, fear.</p>
+
+<p><b>fors</b>, <b>fortis</b>, <i>f.</i>, chance.</p>
+
+<p><b>fortĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, by chance. (abl. of fors.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fortis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, brave.</p>
+
+<p><b>fortĭter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, bravely. (fortis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fortĭtūdo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>f.</i>, bravery. (fortis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fortuī̆tus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, accidental. (fors.)</p>
+
+<p><b>frāter</b>, -tris, <i>m.</i>, brother. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "phratêr">φράτηρ</span>, clansman.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fraudŭlentus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, deceitful. (fraus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fraus</b>, fraudis, <i>f.</i>, deceit.</p>
+
+<p><b>fraxĭnus</b>, -i, <i>f.</i>, ash tree.</p>
+
+<p><b>frĕmĭtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, roaring (frĕmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>frēnum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, bridle, bit.</p>
+
+<p><b>frons</b>, frondis, <i>f.</i>, leafy branch, foliage.</p>
+
+<p><b>frūges</b>, -um. Cf. frux.</p>
+
+<p><b>frūmentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, corn. (For frugĭmentum, cf. frux,
+fruor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>frustrā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in vain. (Cf. fraus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>frux</b>, frūgis, <i>f.</i>, fruit. Nom. sing. rare; more common
+in plural. (Cf. fruor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fŭga</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, flight, (fŭgio, <span class = "greek"
+title = "pheugô">φεύγω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fŭgĭtīvus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, fugitive. (fŭgio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fulgeo</b>, fulsi, no sup., 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;glitter. (Cf.
+fulgur, lightning.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fundo</b>, fūdi, fūsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;pour out,
+scatter.</p>
+
+<p><b>fundus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, farm.</p>
+
+<p><b>furtim</b>, <i>adv.</i>, secretly. (fur, thief.)</p>
+
+<p><b>fūsus</b>. Cf. fundo.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_G" id = "voc_G"> </a>
+<b>gălea</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, helmet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Gallĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, belonging to Gaul, Gallic.</p>
+
+<p><b>Gallus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, a Gaul.</p>
+
+<p><b>Gellius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Gellius.</p>
+
+<p><b>gĕmĭtus</b>, <ins class = "correction" title = "- invisible">-us</ins>,
+<i>m.</i>, groan. (gĕmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>gens</b>, gentis, <i>f.</i>, clan, race, nation. (Cf. gigno,
+genus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>gĕnus</b>, -ĕris, <i>n.</i>, race, kind. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "genos">γένος</span>, gens, gigno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>gĕro</b>, gessi, gestum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bear,
+I&nbsp;carry&nbsp;on.</p>
+
+<p><b>gesto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I carry. (Intens. of gĕro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>gigno</b>, gĕnui, gĕnĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;produce. (Cf.
+gens, genus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>glădius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, sword.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">113</span>
+<p><b>glōria</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, renown, glory.</p>
+
+<p><b>Graecē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in Greek.</p>
+
+<p><b>Graecia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Greece.</p>
+
+<p><b>grāmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, grass.</p>
+
+<p><b>grāmĭneus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, made of grass. (grāmen.)</p>
+
+<p><b>grandis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, great, large, abundant.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Grandis natu, advanced in age.</p>
+
+<p><b>grātia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, favour, influence, gratitude, thanks:
+with agere in plural only.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+In abl. gratiâ, for the sake of, with gen. (gratus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>grātŭlātio</b>, -onis, <i>f.</i>, rejoicing, congratulation.
+(grātŭlor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>grātŭlor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I congratulate, give thanks.
+(grātus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>gŭla</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, throat.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_H" id = "voc_H"> </a>
+<b>hăbeo</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I have.</p>
+
+<p><b>hăbĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;inhabit, dwell
+in. (Intensitive of hăbeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>haereo</b>, haesi, haesum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;stick to.</p>
+
+<p><b>Hannĭbal</b>, -ălis, <i>m.</i>, Hannibal.</p>
+
+<p><b>haud</b>, <i>adv.</i>, not.</p>
+
+<p><b>haurio</b>, hausi, haustum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;draw up, drink,
+tear open, wound.</p>
+
+<p><b>haut</b> (or <b>haud</b>), <i>adv.</i>, not.</p>
+
+<p><b>haut·quā·quam</b>, or <b>haud·qua·quam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, by no
+means.</p>
+
+<p><b>Hercles</b> (or Hercŭles), -is and -i. <i>m.</i>, Hercules.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+For form Hercle, cf. <a href = "#notes_III">iii. 1. note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>hīc, haec, hōc</b>, <i>demonstr. pron.</i>, this.</p>
+
+<p><b>hīc</b>, <i>adv.</i>, here.</p>
+
+<p><b>hĭlăris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, merry, amusing.</p>
+
+<p><b>hinc</b>, <i>adv.</i>, hence. (hic.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hio</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I open my mouth, gape.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Rimis hiantem, with wide open clefts, lit., gaping open with clefts.</p>
+
+<p><b>Hispānia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Spain.</p>
+
+<p><b>Hispānĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Spanish.</p>
+
+<p><b>histrio</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, actor. (Etruscan word hister, an
+actor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hŏdiē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, to-day. (hoc die.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hŏdiernus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of this day. (hŏdie.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hŏmo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>m.</i>, man. (Cf. hūmānus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hŏnestus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, honourable, proper,
+respectable. (hŏnor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hŏnor</b>, or <b>hŏnos</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, honour.</p>
+
+<p><b>Hŏrātius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Horatius.</p>
+
+<p><b>hortor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I encourage, urge. (Cf. <span class
+= "greek" title = "ornumi, hormê">ὄρνυμι, ὁρμή</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hospes</b>, -ĭtis, <i>m.</i>, host, guest, stranger. (Cf. hostis,
+stranger, enemy.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hospĭta</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i> (feminine form of hospes,) female
+host, guest, stranger.</p>
+
+<p><b>hostis</b>, -is, <i>c.</i>, enemy.</p>
+
+<p><b>hūius·cĕ·mŏdi</b>, and <b>hūius·mŏdi</b>, of this kind. (Cf.
+mŏdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>hŭmĕrus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, shoulder.</p>
+
+<p><b>hŭmĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, low, humble, insignificant. (hŭmus,
+ground.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_I" id = "voc_I"> </a>
+<b>iăcio, iĕci, iactum</b>, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;throw.</p>
+
+<p><b>iam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, already, now.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭbī̆</b>, <i>adv.</i>, there, thereupon. (is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭbī̆dem</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in the same place, immediately. (ibi,
+dem. cf. idem.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">114</span>
+<p><b>ictus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, blow, stroke. (Obsolete <i>present</i>,
+ico and icio, I&nbsp;strike.)</p>
+
+<p><b>idcirco</b>, <i>adv.</i>, therefore. (id-circo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>īdem</b>, <b>ĕădem</b>, <b>ĭdem</b>, <i>pron.</i>, same. (is, and
+suffix dem.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭdōneus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, fit.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭgĭtur</b>, <i>conj.</i>, then, therefore. (is, and suffix
+tur.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ignāvia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, cowardice. (in-gnāvus, lazy,
+cowardly; from navus, or gnavus, busy.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ignis</b>, -is, <i>m.</i>, fire.</p>
+
+<p><b>ignōmĭnia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, disgrace. (in-nōmen, or gnōmen,
+loss of good name.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ignōro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;am ignorant of.
+(ignārus, for in-gnarus or -narus<ins class = "correction"
+title = "close parenthesis missing">.)</ins></p>
+
+<p><b>i·gnosco</b>, -nōvi, nōtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;pardon,
+overlook. (in-gnosco or -nosco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>i·gnōtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unknown. (in·gnotus or
+notus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>īlex</b>, -ĭcis, <i>f.</i>, holm-oak, or great scarlet oak.
+Quercus ilex&nbsp;L.</p>
+
+<p><b>īlĭco</b> (or illico), <i>adv.</i>, on the spot, immediately. (in,
+loco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>illĕ</b>, illă, illŭd, <i>demonstr. pron.</i>, that, he.</p>
+
+<p><b>illīc</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in that place, there. (ille, ce.)</p>
+
+<p><b>im·mōbĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, motionless. (in, mŏveo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>impĕdio</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;hinder.
+(in, pes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>impĕrātor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, general. (impĕro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>impĕrium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, command, empire. (impĕro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>impĕro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I command, I&nbsp;rule over
+(dat.).</p>
+
+<p><b>impetro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I accomplish, obtain.</p>
+
+<p><b>impĕtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, attack, force. (in·peto, I&nbsp;rush
+upon.)</p>
+
+<p><b><ins class = "correction" title = "· invisible">im·</ins>mītis</b>,
+-e, <i>adj.</i>, stern.</p>
+
+<p><b>in</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i> and <i>abl.</i>, in, into, on,
+against.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·cēdo</b>, -cessi, -cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;approach.</p>
+
+<p><b>incendium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, fire. (in-cendo, fr. in,
+candeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·cīdo</b>, -cīdi, -cīsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;cut into, cut
+through, open. (in, caedo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·cĭpio</b>, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;begin. (in,
+căpio, I&nbsp;seize upon.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·clūdo</b>, -si, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;shut in.
+(claudo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·cognĭtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unknown. (in·cognosco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·cŏlŭmis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, uninjured, safe.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·cruentus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, bloodless. (cruor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·curro</b>, -curri or -cŭcurri, cursum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;rush into, rush against, attack.</p>
+
+<p><b>incursio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, inroad, attack. (in·curro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>indĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, thence, thenceforward. (is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·dīco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;proclaim.</p>
+
+<p><b>Indĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Indian.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·dignus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unworthy.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·dūco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring in,
+exhibit.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">115</span>
+<p><b>induo</b>, -ui, -ūtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;put on. (<span class
+= "greek" title = "enduô">ἐνδύω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ineptus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unsuitable, foolish. (in,
+aptus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭn·explĭcābĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, hard to unfold, understand,
+intricate. (in, ex, plico, I&nbsp;fold.)</p>
+
+<p><b>infĭtiae</b>, -arum, <i>f.</i>, denial. Only used in <i>acc.
+plur.</i> in phrase infitias ire, to deny. (infateor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·flo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I blow into or upon.</p>
+
+<p><b>informis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, shapeless. (forma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>infrā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, below. (For
+inferă, <i>sc.</i> parte.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·fringo</b>, -frēgi, -fractum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;break in
+upon, break. (frango.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ingĕnium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, nature, talent, genius. (in,
+gigno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ingens</b>, -entis, <i>adj.</i>, immense.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·grātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, ungrateful.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·grĕdior</b>, -gressus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;step into,
+advance. (grădior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭn·ĭmīcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, hostile;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, an enemy. (in, ămīcus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·īquus</b>, -a, -um, unequal, unfair, dangerous. (in,
+aequus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·iūrātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unsworn, relieved from oath.
+(in, iūro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iniūria</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, wrong, insult. (in, ius.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inlĕcĕbra</b>, or <b>illĕcĕbra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, attraction,
+allurement. (illicio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inlustris</b>, or <b>illustris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, famous.
+(inlustro, I&nbsp;make light.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inmānis</b>, or <b>immanis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, fierce. (in,
+mānus, old Latin word = bonus: cf. manes, good spirits.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inmensus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, immeasurable. (metior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inmĕrĭto</b>, <i>adv.</i>, undeservedly. (in, mereo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send in,
+thrust in, carry in, incite or suborn against.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Used absolutely, sc. equum, urge horse forward, <a href = "#txt_IX">vi.
+9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·mortālis</b>, or <b>im·mortālis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>,
+immortal.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·ŏpīnātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unexpected. (in,
+ŏpīnor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·pĕrītus</b>, -a, -um, unskilled.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·perfectus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, not thoroughly finished,
+unfinished. (făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·plūmis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, unfeathered, unfledged.
+(plūma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·pōno</b>, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;place
+on.</p>
+
+<p><b>inquam</b>, <i>v. n.</i>, defective, I&nbsp;say.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·quīro</b>, -sīvi, -sītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;search into,
+examine, (in, quaero.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·rīdeo</b>, -rīsi, -rīsum, 2 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;laugh&nbsp;at.</p>
+
+<p><b>insānia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, madness. (sānus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·scendo</b>, -endi, -ensum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;climb up,
+mount. (scando.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·sĭdeo</b>, -sēdi, -sessum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;sit on,
+occupy, (sĕdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·sĭdiae</b>, -arum, <i>f.</i>, <i>plur. only</i>, ambush,
+treachery. (insĭdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>insigne</b>, -is, <i>n.</i>, badge, ornament. (in·signis,
+distinguished by a mark, signum.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">116</span>
+<p><b>in·sisto</b>, -stiti, no sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;stand on,
+rest on, persist.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·sŏlens</b>, -entis, <i>adj.</i>, unaccustomed to, with gen.
+(in, sŏleo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>insŏlenter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, haughtily. (in·solens.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·specto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I look upon. (Frequentative of
+in·spicio, from specio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>instinctus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. instinguo.</p>
+
+<p><b>instinguo</b>, -nxi, -nctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;incite. (Only
+in perf. part. pass. in classical writers.)</p>
+
+<p><b>instĭtuo</b>, -ui, -ūtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;determine.
+(stătuo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>in·sto</b>, -stĭti, no sup., 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;stand upon,
+press upon, insist.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·struo</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;build upon,
+I&nbsp;draw up, arrange.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·suesco</b>, -ēvi, -ētum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am
+accustomed.</p>
+
+<p><b>insŭla</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, island, lodging-house.</p>
+
+<p><b>intĕger</b>, -gra, -gram, <i>adj.</i>, untouched, sound.
+(tango.)</p>
+
+<p><b>intellĕgo</b>, -exi, -ectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;perceive,
+understand. (inter, lĕgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inter</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, between, among.</p>
+
+<p><b>intĕr·ĕā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, meanwhile. (inter·ea, from is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inter·dīco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;forbid.</p>
+
+<p><b>intĕr·eo</b>, -ii, -ĭtum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;die. (Lit.,
+I&nbsp;go among several things, and so, disappear.)</p>
+
+<p><b>inter·fĭcio</b>, -fēci, -fectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;kill.
+(făcio, lit., I&nbsp;put between.)</p>
+
+<p><b>intĕrim</b>, <i>adv.</i>, meanwhile. (inter, im old acc.
+of&nbsp;is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>interĭtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, ruin, death. (intereo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>interpres</b>, -ĕtis, <i>com.</i>, interpreter.</p>
+
+<p><b>inter·rŏgo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I question, ask.</p>
+
+<p><b>intĭmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, inmost, superlative from
+[intĕrus, not found; cf. inter and intra], intĕrior.</p>
+
+<p><b>intrā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, within.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·trĕpĭdus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, fearless.</p>
+
+<p><b>intrō·dūco</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring in,
+introduce.</p>
+
+<p><b>intrŏ·eo</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go in,
+enter.</p>
+
+<p><b>intrō·grĕdior</b>, -gressus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;step in,
+enter. (grădior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>intrō·rumpo</b>, -rūpi, -ruptum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;burst
+into.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·vĕnio</b>, -vēni, -ventum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;come upon,
+find.</p>
+
+<p><b>in·vīsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, hated. (in·vĭdeo, I&nbsp;look
+at with evil eye, hate.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ipse</b>, -a, -um, <i>demonstr. pron.</i>, himself, herself,
+itself.</p>
+
+<p><b>īra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, anger.</p>
+
+<p><b>is, ea, id</b>, <i>demonstr. pron.</i>, that, he, she, it.</p>
+
+<p><b>istĕ</b>, -a, -ŭd, <i>demonstr. pron.</i>, that of yours, that
+near you.</p>
+
+<p><b>istic</b>, -aec, -oc or -uc, <i>demonstr. pron.</i>, that of
+yours, that near you. (For iste·ce.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">117</span>
+<p><b>ĭta</b>, <i>adv.</i>, thus, so.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ītălia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Italy.</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭtem</b>, <i>adv.</i>, likewise, also. (is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭter</b>, itĭnĕris, <i>n.</i>, journey. (eo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭtĕrum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, a second time, again. (Acc. sing. of
+comparative form from&nbsp;is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ĭtĭdem</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in like manner. (ita, dem.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iŭbeo</b>, iussi, iussum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;order.</p>
+
+<p><b>iūcunde</b>, <i>adv.</i>, pleasantly. (iūcundus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iūcundus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, pleasant, delightful.
+(iŏcus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iūdex</b>, -ĭcis, <i>m.</i>, judge. (ius, dīco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iūdĭco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I judge, decide. (ius, dīco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Iūliānus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Julian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Iūpĭter</b> (or Iuppĭter), Iŏvis, <i>m.</i>, Jupiter, Jove. (Iovis
+pater: cf. <span class = "greek" title = "Zeus patêr">Ζεύς πατήρ</span>.
+Iovis from root div, bright.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iūro</b> and iūror (<i>dep</i>.), 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;swear.
+(ius.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iūs</b>, iūris, <i>n.</i>, right, law, justice. (Root iu, join:
+cf. <span class = "greek" title = "zeugnumi">ζεύγνυμι</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ius·iurandum</b>, iuris·iurandi, <i>n.</i>, oath. (ius, iūro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>iustus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, right, fair. (ius.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_L" id = "voc_L"> </a>
+<b>L.</b>, for Lucius.</p>
+
+<p><b>lăbor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, toil, labour.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lăcĕdaemŏnius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Lacedaemonian,
+Spartan.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lăcōnĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Laconian, Lacedaemonian.</p>
+
+<p><b>lā̆crĭmo</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I weep. (lā̆crĭma: cf. <span class =
+"greek" title = "dakru">δάκρυ</span>, tear.)</p>
+
+<p><b>laetĭtia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, joy. (laetus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>laetus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, glad, rich.</p>
+
+<p><b>lambo</b>, -bi, -bĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;lick.</p>
+
+<p><b>lāmenta</b>, orum, <i>n.</i>, <i>plur.</i> only, wailing,
+lamentation.</p>
+
+<p><b>lāna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, wool.</p>
+
+<p><b>lănio</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I tear, mangle. (Cf. lăcer, torn to
+pieces.)</p>
+
+<p><b>latē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, widely. (lātus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lătēbra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, hiding place. (lăteo, I&nbsp;lie
+hid.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lătē̆brōsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, full of hiding places;
+hidden, retired. (lătē̆bra.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Lătīnē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in Latin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lătīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Latin.</p>
+
+<p><b>lātro</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I bark, bark at.</p>
+
+<p><b>lātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, broad.</p>
+
+<p><b>lātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> of fĕro.</p>
+
+<p><b>lătus</b>, -ĕris, <i>n.</i>, side.</p>
+
+<p><b>laudo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I praise. (laus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>laurus</b>, -us, <i>f.</i>, bay tree, laurel tree.</p>
+
+<p><b>laus</b>, laudis, <i>f.</i>, praise.</p>
+
+<p><b>laxo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I loosen, relax. (laxus; cf.
+languidus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lēgātus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, ambassador, lieutenant. (lēgo, -are,
+I&nbsp;send with a charge, depute.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lĕgo</b>, -lexi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;collect, choose
+out, read. (<span class = "greek" title = "legô, logos">λέγω,
+λόγος</span>, dilegens.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lēnĭter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, gently. (lēnis: cf. lentus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>leo</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, lion. <span class = "greek" title =
+"leôn.">λέων</span></p>
+
+<p><b>lĕpĭdē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, charmingly, humorously. (lĕpĭdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lĕpĭdus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, charming, humorous. (lĕpos,
+charm.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Lesbius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Lesbian, of Lesbos.</p>
+
+<p><b>lĕvo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I raise up, relieve. (Cf. <b>lĕvis</b>,
+light.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">118</span>
+<p><b>lex, lēgis</b>, <i>f.</i>, law.</p>
+
+<p><b>lĭbenter</b>, <i>adv.</i>, gladly, willingly. (lĭbet.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lĭber</b>, -bri, <i>m.</i>, book. (Lit., inner bark of tree.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lībĕrālis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, befitting a freeman, decorous,
+noble. (līber.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lībĕro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I set free. (<ins class = "correction"
+title = "macron conjectural: dot or macron invisible">līber</ins>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lībra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, pound. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title
+= "litra.">λίτρα</span>)</p>
+
+<p><b>lĭcet</b>, lĭcuit and lĭcĭtum est, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, defective, it
+is allowable.</p>
+
+<p><b>ligneus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>., wooden. (lignum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lignum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, what is gathered (lĕgo) as firewood,
+wood.</p>
+
+<p><b>līneāmentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, feature. (līnea, a line.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lingua</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, tongue.</p>
+
+<p><b>līs</b>, lītis, <i>f.</i>, lawsuit.</p>
+
+<p><b>lītigiōsus</b>, -a, -um, quarrelsome. (lis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>littera</b> (or <b>lītera</b>), -ae, <i>f.</i>, letter.
+(lĭno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lŏcus</b>, -i, nom. plur. -i and -a, <i>m.</i>, place, position,
+rank.</p>
+
+<p><b>longē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, far off, by far.</p>
+
+<p><b>longus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, long, far off.</p>
+
+<p><b>lŏquor</b>, -cūtus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;speak, say.</p>
+
+<p><b>lōrum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, thong, leash.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lūcius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Lucius.</p>
+
+<p><b>luctus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, mourning. (lūgeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>lūgeo</b>, -xi, [-ctum], 2 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;mourn, mourn for.</p>
+
+<p><b>lūgū̆bris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, mournful. (lūgeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Lūsĭtānus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of Lusitania.</p>
+
+<p><b>lux</b>, lūcis, <i>f.</i>, light, day.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Lucis ortu, at sunrise;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+primâ luce, at dawn. (lūceo.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_M" id = "voc_M"> </a>
+<b>M.</b>, for Marcus.</p>
+
+<p><b>măgis</b>, <i>adv.</i>, more: comparative degree from magnŏpĕre,
+magis, maxime. (Root magh: cf. <span class = "greek" title =
+"megas">μέγας</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>măgister</b>, -tri, <i>m.</i>, master. (măgis and comparative
+suffix ter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>magnĭtūdo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>f.</i>, size. (magnus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>magnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, great. (Root magh: cf. <span
+class = "greek" title = "megas">μέγας</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>māior, maius</b>, <i>adj.</i>, comparative degree of magnus,
+maior, maxĭmus.</p>
+
+<p><b>mandātum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, command. (mando.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mando</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I entrust, command, enjoin upon.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Mando litteris, I commit to writing. (manus, do.)</p>
+
+<p><b>măneo</b>, -nsi, -nsum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;remain.</p>
+
+<p><b>Manlius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Manlius.</p>
+
+<p><b>mansŭētus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> from mansuesco, tamed,
+gentle.</p>
+
+<p><b>mansŭēsco</b>, -sŭēvi, sŭētum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;tame, grow tame. (Manus, suesco, I&nbsp;accustom to the
+hand.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mănus</b>, -us, <i>f.</i>, hand, band.</p>
+
+<p><b>Marcus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Marcus.</p>
+
+<p><b>mărĕ</b>, -is, <i>n.</i>, sea. (Root mar, to shine: cf.
+marmor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mărĭtĭmus</b>, -a, -um, belonging to the sea, maritime.
+(mare.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mărītus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, husband. (mas.)</p>
+
+<p><b>māter</b>, -tris, <i>f.</i>, mother. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "mêtêr">μήτηρ</span>.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">119</span>
+<p><b>māter·fămĭliās</b>, mātris·fămĭliās, <i>f.</i>, mother of a
+family, matron.</p>
+
+<p><b>mātrĭmōnium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, marriage. (māter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mātrōna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, matron. (māter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mātūresco</b>, -rui, no sup., 3 <i>v. n. inceptive</i>,
+I&nbsp;become ripe.</p>
+
+<p><b>maxĭmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, greatest; superlative degree,
+from magnus, maior.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕdeor</b>, no perf., 2 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;cure.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕdĭcīna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, medicine, remedy. (From adj.
+mĕdĭcīnus, <i>sc.</i> ars.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕdĭcīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, medical. (Cf. mĕdeor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕdĭcus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, doctor. (Cf. mĕdeor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕdius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, middle. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "mesos">μέσος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>membrum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, limb.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕmŏria</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, memory, recollection, story.
+(mĕmor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕmŏro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I call to remembrance, I&nbsp;relate.
+(Cf. memoria.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Mĕnander</b>, -dri, <i>m.</i>, Menander. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "Menandros">Μένανδρος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mendācium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, lie. (mendax, mentior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mens</b>, mentis, <i>f.</i>, mind. (Root mem; cf. memini.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mentior</b>, 4 <i>v. dep.</i>, I tell lies. (Lit., I&nbsp;invent,
+root men: cf. mens.)</p>
+
+<p><b>merces</b>, -ēdis, <i>f.</i>, price. (mĕreor, I&nbsp;earn.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mercor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I buy. (merx, merchandise,
+mĕreor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕreor</b>, 2 <i>v. dep.</i>, I deserve, earn, (<span class =
+"greek" title = "meros">μέρος</span>, share.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕrīdiānus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of mid-day. (merīdies for
+medi- dies, from mĕdius, dies.)</p>
+
+<p><b>messis</b>, -is, acc. -em and -im, <i>f.</i> harvest. (mĕto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Mēthymnaeus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of Methymna. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "Mêthumna">Μήθυμνα</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕto</b>, messui, messum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;reap. (Cf.
+messis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĕtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, fear.</p>
+
+<p><b>meus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, my.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĭco</b>, -ui, no sup., 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;glitter.</p>
+
+<p><b>mī̆gro</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I depart from, quit. (Cf. meo,
+I&nbsp;go.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mīles</b>, -ĭtis, <i>c.</i>, soldier.</p>
+
+<p><b>Mīlēsius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of Miletus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Mīlētus</b>, -i, <i>f.</i>, Miletus, a town in Asia Minor. (<span
+class = "greek" title = "Milêtos">Μίλητος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mīlĭtāris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, military. (mīles.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Mĭlo</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, Milo.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĭnistro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I wait upon, serve up, hand.
+(mĭnister, servant.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĭnor</b>, -us, <i>adj.</i>, less. comparative of parvus. (Root
+min: cf. minuo, I&nbsp;lessen.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mĭnor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I threaten. (minae, threats.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mīrandus</b>, -a, -um, wonderful: <i>ger.</i> of mīror.</p>
+
+<p><b>mīrĭfĭcus</b>, <ins class = "correction" title = "- invisible">-a</ins>,
+-um, <i>adj.</i>, causing wonder, marvellous. (mīrus, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mīror</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I wonder at. (Cf. mīrus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mīrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, wonderful.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĭser</b>, -era, -erum, <i>adj.</i> wretched. (Root mi: cf.
+mĭnuo.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">120</span>
+<p><b>mĭserandus</b>, -a, -um, pitiable: <i>gerundive</i> of
+mĭseror.</p>
+
+<p><b>mĭseror</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I pity. (mĭser.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mītis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, gentle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Mĭtrĭdātes</b>, -is and -i, <i>m.</i>, Mitridates or
+Mithridates.</p>
+
+<p><b>mitto</b>, mīsi, missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send.</p>
+
+<p><b>mōbĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, movable, fickle. (For movibilis,
+from mŏveo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏdestus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, moderate, virtuous, discreet.
+(mŏdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏdŏ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, only. (Lit., by measure, mŏdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏdus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, measure, manner.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+huiusmodi, of this sort.</p>
+
+<p><b>moenia</b>, -ium, <i>n.</i>, plur. only, defensive walls,
+ramparts. (Cf. mūnio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mollis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, easy, soft, (moveo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏneo</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I warn, advise, remind.</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏnīle</b>, -is, <i>n.</i>, collar, necklace.</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏnĭmentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, monument. (mŏneo,
+I&nbsp;remind.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mons</b>, montis, <i>m.</i>, mountain.</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏrĭbundus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, dying. (mŏrior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mŏrior</b>, mortuus, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;die.</p>
+
+<p><b>mōrōsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, bad-tempered.</p>
+
+<p><b>mors</b>, mortis, <i>f.</i>, death. (Cf. mŏrior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mos</b>, mōris, <i>m.</i>, manner, custom.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+More ursino, like a bear.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+De more, according to custom, as usual.</p>
+
+<p><b>mox</b>, <i>adv.</i>, soon.</p>
+
+<p><b>mŭliēbris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, womanly, (mŭlier.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mŭlier</b>, -ĕris, <i>f.</i>, woman.</p>
+
+<p><b>multo</b> (or <b>mulcto</b>), 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;punish,
+fine.</p>
+
+<p><b>multus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, many, much. Comp., plūs; sup.,
+plūrĭmus.</p>
+
+<p><b>mundus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, clean, tidy.</p>
+
+<p><b>mūnīmentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, fortification. (mūnio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mūnio</b>, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I fortify. (Cf. moenia, mūrus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>murmur</b>, -ŭris, <i>n.</i>, complaint.</p>
+
+<p><b>mūrus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, wall. (Root mu: cf. mūnio, moenia.)</p>
+
+<p><b>mūtuus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, borrowed, lent. (mūto,
+I&nbsp;change.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_N" id = "voc_N"> </a>
+<b>nam</b>, <i>conj.</i>, for.</p>
+
+<p><b>nanciscor</b>, nactus, and nanctus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>,
+I&nbsp;obtain, reach.</p>
+
+<p><b>nāris</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, nostril, nose; usually in plural.</p>
+
+<p><b>narro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I tell, relate. (Cf. i·gnarus, nosco;
+root gna, know.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nascor</b>, nātus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;am born, spring
+up.</p>
+
+<p><b>nātio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, race, nation. (nascor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nātūra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, nature.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Rediit in naturam, it returned to its natural position. (nascor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nātus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, birth, age.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Natu grandis, advanced in age. (nascor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nauta</b>. Cf. navita.</p>
+
+<p><b>nāvālis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, naval. (nāvis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nāvis</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, ship. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"naus">ναῦς</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nāvĭta</b> (or <b>nauta</b>), -ae, <i>m.</i>, sailor. (nāvis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nē</b>, <i>adv.</i> and <i>conj.</i>, not, in order that not,
+lest.</p>
+
+<p><b>-nĕ</b>, <i>enclitic interrog. particle.</i></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">121</span>
+<p><b>nĕbŭlo</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, worthless fellow. (nĕbŭla, mist: cf.
+nūbes, cloud.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nĕc</b>, neither, nor, and not.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĕcessĕ</b>, <i>adj.</i>, <i>nom.</i> and <i>acc. neuter</i> only,
+necessary.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĕco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I kill. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title
+= "nekus">νέκυς</span>, corpse.)</p>
+
+<p><b>neglĭgo</b>, and neglĕgo, -exi, -ectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;neglect. (nec, lĕgo, I&nbsp;do not pick&nbsp;up.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nĕego</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;deny, refuse.</p>
+
+<p><b>nēmo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>pron.</i>, no one. (ne, hŏmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nē·quā·quam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, by no means.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĕquĕ</b>, neither, nor, and not.</p>
+
+<p><b>nex</b>, nĕcis, <i>f.</i>, violent death. (nĕco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nīdŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, a little nest. (demin. of nīdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nĭhĭl</b>, nīl, <i>n.</i>, <i>indecl.</i>, nothing.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĭhĭlo</b>, by nothing; cf. nĭhĭlum.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Used with comparatives, nihilo minus, none the less.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĭhĭlum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, nothing.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĭmis</b>, <i>adv.</i>, too much.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĭmĭum</b>, <i>adv.</i> and <i>subst.</i>, too much.</p>
+
+<p><b>nĭ·sĭ</b>, <i>conj.</i>, unless.</p>
+
+<p><b>nītor</b>, nīsus and nixus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;strive.</p>
+
+<p><b>nōbĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, celebrated, noble. (For gnobilis,
+from nosco or gnosco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nōmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, name. (Cf. nosco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>non</b>, <i>adv.</i>, not.</p>
+
+<p><b>non·nĕ</b>, <i>interrog. adv.</i>, is not?</p>
+
+<p><b>non·nullus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, some, several.</p>
+
+<p><b>nos</b>, <i>plur.</i> of ego, we. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title
+= "nô">νώ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nos met·ipsi</b>, we ourselves.</p>
+
+<p><b>nosco</b>, nōvi, nōtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;know. (Or gnosco,
+root gno: cf. nōmen, nōbilis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>noster</b>, -tra, -trum, <i>adj.</i>, our. (nōs.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nōta</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, mark, brand. (nosco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nōtus</b>, -a, -um, known, <i>part.</i> from nosco.</p>
+
+<p><b>nŏvem</b>, <i>numer.</i>, nine.</p>
+
+<p><b>nŏvus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, new.</p>
+
+<p><b>nox</b>, noctis, <i>f.</i>, night. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"nux">νύξ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>noxa</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, injury, harm. (nŏcco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nūbo</b>, -psi, -ptum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am married (of the
+woman), with <i>dative</i>. (Lit., I&nbsp;veil myself: cf. nūbes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nūdus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, bare, unarmed.</p>
+
+<p><b>nullus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, none. (ne·ullus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nūmen</b>, -ĭnis, <i>n.</i>, nod, will, divinity. (nuo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nŭmĕrus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, number. (Cf. <span class = "greek"
+title = "nemô">νέμω</span>, I&nbsp;distribute, nummus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nunc</b>, <i>adv.</i>, now. (num·ce: cf. <span class = "greek"
+title = "nun">νῦν</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nunquam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, never. (ne-unquam.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nuntio</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I announce, report. (Cf. nŏvus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>nusquam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, nowhere. (ne-usquam.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_O" id = "voc_O"> </a>
+<b>ŏb</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, on account of.</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·iĭcio</b>, and <b>ōbĭcio</b>, obiēci, obiectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;throw before, I&nbsp;reproach with. (jăcio.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">122</span>
+<p><b>ob·lĭno</b>, -lēvi, -lĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;smear over.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏb·oedio</b>, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I obey, with dative. (ob,
+audio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏb·ŏrior</b>, -ortus, 4 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;grow, spring
+up.</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·pĕto</b> (or <b>op·peto</b>), -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 <i>v.
+a.</i>, I&nbsp;encounter.</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·pugno</b> (or <b>op·pugno</b>), 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;fight
+against, attack.</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·sĕcro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I beseech, entreat. (sacro, lit.,
+I&nbsp;ask on religious grounds, ob sacrum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·sĭdeo</b>, -sēdi, -sessum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;besiege.
+(sĕdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>obsĭdio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, siege. (obsĭdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·servo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I notice, attend to.</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·tĭneo</b>, -ui, -tentum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;hold.
+(tĕneo.)</p>
+
+<p><b><ins class = "correction" title = "· invisible">ob·</ins>vĕnio</b>,
+-vēni, -ventum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;come in way of, fall to lot&nbsp;of.</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·viam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, with dative, in the way.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Obviam ire, progredi, etc., alicui, to meet anyone. (via.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ob·vius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, in the way. (via.)</p>
+
+<p><b>oc·cīdo</b>, -cīdi, cīsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;kill.
+(caedo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>occŭpo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I seize, take hold of. (ob,
+căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>octo</b>, <i>num.</i>, eight. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"oktô">ὀκτώ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>octōginta</b>, <i>num.</i>, eighty.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏcŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, eye. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title =
+"osse">ὄσσε</span>, the two eyes; <span class = "greek" title =
+"ossomai">ὄσσομαι</span>, I&nbsp;see.)</p>
+
+<p><b>of·fĕro</b>, obtŭli, oblātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;offer,
+present.</p>
+
+<p><b>offĭcium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, service, work, duty. (For opificium,
+opus, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏlea</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, olive tree. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "elaia">ἐλαία</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏleāgĭneus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of the olive. (ŏlea.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏleum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, olive oil. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "elaion">ἔλαιον</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏ·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;neglect. (ob,
+mitto, I&nbsp;let&nbsp;go.)</p>
+
+<p><b>omnis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, all.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏpĕra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, work. (Cf. ŏpus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏpīmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, rich, fat, choice.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏpīnio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, opinion, supposition. (opīnor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>oppĕrior</b>, -perītus and -pertus, 4 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;wait
+for. (Cf. experior and peritus, from obsolete perior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>oppĭdum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, town.</p>
+
+<p><b>op·pleo</b>, -ēvi, -ētum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;fill up.</p>
+
+<p><b>op·prĭmo</b>, -essi, -essum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;press against,
+oppress, crush. (prĕmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>[ops]</b>, ŏpis, <i>f.</i>, nom. sing. not used, power, wealth,
+help. (Cf. ŏpulentus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>optĭmus</b>, -a, -um, superlative of bŏnus. (Cf. ops.)</p>
+
+<p><b>opto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I wish for. (Root op, pick out: cf.
+<span class = "greek" title = "opsomai">ὄψομαι</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>optŭlit</b> (or obtŭlit), fr. offĕro.</p>
+
+<p><b>ōrācŭlum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, oracle, (ōro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏrātio</b>, -onis, <i>f.</i>, speech, (ōro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ŏrestes</b>, -is or -i, Orestes. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"Orestês">Ὀρέστης</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏrior</b>, ortus, 4 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;arise.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Sol oriens, sunrise. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title =
+"ornumi">ὄρνυμι</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ornātus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, attire. (orno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>orno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I adorn.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">123</span>
+<p><b>ōro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I pray for, beg. (ōs.)</p>
+
+<p><b>orthius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, high.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Carmen orthium, <span class = "greek" title = "nomos orthios">νόμος
+ὄρθιος</span>: cf. <a href = "#notes_XXXV">note xxxv.&nbsp;21.</a></p>
+
+<p><b>ortus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, rising. (ŏrior.) solis ortu, at
+sunrise.</p>
+
+<p><b>ōs</b>, ōris, <i>n.</i>, mouth, face.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŏs</b>, ossis, <i>n.</i>, bone. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"osteon">ὀστέον</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Oscē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in Oscan.</p>
+
+<p><b>ostendo</b>, -di, -sum and -tum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;show.
+(obs·tendo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ostento</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I show; freq. form fr. ostendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>ōtiōsus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, unoccupied, free, quiet.
+(ōtium.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_P" id = "voc_P"> </a>
+<b>P.</b> for Publius, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Publius.</p>
+
+<p><b>pābŭlum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, food. (pasco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>păciscor</b>, -i, pactus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, <i>a.</i> and
+<i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;agree, bargain. (Cf. pax, pactum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pactum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, agreement, manner. (păciscor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pălam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, openly.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pălātium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, the Palatine hill.</p>
+
+<p><b>palma</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, palm.</p>
+
+<p><b>palmes</b>, -ĭtis, <i>m.</i>, vine-shoot. (palma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pălūs</b>, -ūdis, <i>f.</i>, marsh. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"pêlos">πηλός</span>, mud.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pango</b>, pĕpĭgi, pactum (also panxi and pēgi, panctum), 3 <i>v.
+a.</i>, I&nbsp;settle. (Cf. pax.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Păpīrius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Papirius.</p>
+
+<p><b>pār</b>, păris, <i>adj.</i>, equal.</p>
+
+<p><b>parco</b>, pĕperci, rarely parsi, parcĭtum and parsum, 3 <i>v.
+n.</i>, with dat., I&nbsp;spare.</p>
+
+<p><b>părens</b>, -entis, <i>c.</i>, parent. (părio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pāreo</b>, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, with dative, I&nbsp;obey.</p>
+
+<p><b>părio</b>, pĕpĕri, părĭtum and partum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;beget, produce.</p>
+
+<p><b>pars</b>, partis, <i>f.</i>, part, side.</p>
+
+<p><b>partus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, birth, offspring. (părio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>părum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, too little. (Cf. parvus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>parvus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, small. (Cf. paucus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pastus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, food, pasture. (pasco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>păter</b>, pātris, <i>m.</i>, father. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "patêr">πατήρ</span>, root pa: cf. pasco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pătior</b>, passus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I&nbsp;suffer, allow.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Aegre passus, displeased.</p>
+
+<p><b>paucus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, few. (Root pau: cf. <span class
+= "greek" title = "pauros">παῦρος</span>, paulus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>paulātim</b>, <i>adv.</i>, by degrees, gradually. (paulus,
+little.)</p>
+
+<p><b>păvĕ·făcio</b>, -fēci, -factum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;terrify.
+(păveo<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">.</ins>)</p>
+
+<p><b>pax</b>, pācis, <i>f.</i>, peace. (Root pac, make firm: cf.
+paciscor, pango, <span class = "greek" title =
+"pêgnumi">πήγνυμι</span><ins class = "correction" title = ". missing or invisible">.</ins>)</p>
+
+<p><b>pectus</b>, -ŏris, <i>n.</i>, breast: mind.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕcūnia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, money. (pĕcus, cattle being the
+original standard of value.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕdester</b>, -tris, -tre, <i>adj.</i>, on foot;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+in plur. as subst., foot-soldiers. (pes.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Pĕlasgus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Pelasgian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pĕlŏponnensiăcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Peloponnesian.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕnĭtus</b>, <i>adv.</i>, deeply, thoroughly.</p>
+
+<p><b>per</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, through.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">124</span>
+<p><b>per·callesco</b>, -lui, no sup., 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;am well
+versed in, know well. (Inceptive form from per·calleo: cf.
+callĭdus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·contor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I enquire.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·crēbesco</b> (or <b>per·crebresco</b>), bui (or brui), no
+sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;spread abroad. (creber.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·cŭtio</b>, cussi, cussum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;strike.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+securi percutio, I behead. (quătio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;lose.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕren·die</b>, <i>adv.</i>, on the day after to-morrow. (<span
+class = "greek" title = "peran">πέραν</span>, dies.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕr·eo</b>, -ii or -īvi, -ĭtum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;pass away,
+die.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·fŏdio</b>, -fōdi, -fossum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;dig through,
+pierce through.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pĕriander</b>, -dri<ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">, </ins><i>m.</i>, Periander.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pĕrĭcles</b>, -is or -i, <i>m.</i>, Pericles.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕrīcŭlum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, danger.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕrītus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, skilled. (<i>Part.</i> fr.
+obsolete perior: cf. op·perior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·mētior</b>, -ensus, 4 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;measure
+through, travel over.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·mitto</b>, mīsi, missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;suffer,
+allow.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·mŏveo</b>, -mōvi, -mōtum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;move
+thoroughly, rouse, disturb.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·mūtātio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, exchange. (per·mūto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·mūto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I exchange.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·pĕtior</b>, pessus, 3 <i>v. dep. n.</i>, and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;suffer, endure. (pătior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·suādeo</b>, -suāsi, suāsum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;convince,
+persuade.</p>
+
+<p><b>per·taedet</b>, -taesum est, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, impersonal; it
+thoroughly wearies. (Acc. of person affected, and gen. of thing or
+person causing the weariness.)</p>
+
+<p><b>per·vĕnio</b>, -vēni, -ventum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;arrive&nbsp;at.</p>
+
+<p><b>pēs</b>, <b>pĕdis</b>, <i>m.</i>, foot. (Cf. <span class = "greek"
+title = "pous, podos">ποῦς, ποδός</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pestĭlentia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, plague. (pestis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Pĕtīlius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Petilius.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕto</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;seek, ask
+for. (Lit., to fall upon: cf. <span class = "greek" title =
+"piptô">πίπτω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pĕtŭlantia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, impudence. (Obsolete pĕtŭlo: cf.
+pĕto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>phălĕrae</b>, -arum, <i>f.</i>, <i>plur.</i> only, ornaments for
+chests and foreheads of horses. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"phalara">φάλαρα</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Phĭlēmon</b> (or <b>Phĭlēmo</b>), -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, Philemon.
+(<span class = "greek" title = "Philêmôn">Φιλήμων</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>phĭlŏsŏphus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, philosopher. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "philosophos">φιλόσοφος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Phrygia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Phrygia.</p>
+
+<p><b>pĭget</b>, pĭguit and pĭgĭtum est, 2 <i>v. n.</i> (rarely used
+personally), it troubles, displeases.</p>
+
+<p><b>pinna</b>, or <b>penna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, feather. (Root pet:
+cf. <span class = "greek" title = "petomai">πέτομαι</span>,
+I&nbsp;fly.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Pīraeus</b>, -i, the Piraeus, port of Athens.</p>
+
+<p><b>pius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, dutiful, kind.</p>
+
+<p><b>plăceo</b>, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I am pleasing;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+often used impersonally, placet mihi, it pleases me, seems good to me,
+is my opinion;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+of the senate, it is resolved, determined.</p>
+
+<p><b>plăcĭdē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, gently, quietly. (plăcĭdus, plăceo.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">125</span>
+<p><b>plānē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, clearly, plainly. (plānus, level.)</p>
+
+<p><b>plebs</b>, plebis (or <b>plēbes</b>, -ei and -is), <i>f.</i>, the
+common people.</p>
+
+<p><b>plērus·que</b>, -aque, -umque, <i>adj.</i>, very many, most.
+(plerus: cf. plēnus, root ple, fill.)</p>
+
+<p><b>plūmo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;cover, or am
+covered with, feathers, am fledged. (plūma.)</p>
+
+<p><b>plūs</b>, plūris, <i>adj.</i>, more: comparative of multus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Plūtarchus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Plutarch.</p>
+
+<p><b>pōcŭlum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, cup, goblet. (Cf. pōtus, a
+draught.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Poenĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i> Cf. Poenus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Poenus</b>, -a, -um, Punic, Carthaginian. Cf. <a href =
+"#notes_IX">ix. 8 note</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b>poena</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, punishment, penalty. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "poinê">ποινή</span>, punio, poeniteo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Pŏlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Polus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pomptīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Pomptine, <i>i.e.</i> near
+Pometia, in Latium.</p>
+
+<p><b>pōmum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, fruit or apple.</p>
+
+<p><b>pondo</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in or by weight. (pondus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pondus</b>, -ĕris, <i>n.</i>, weight. (pendo, I&nbsp;hang up.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pōno</b>, pŏsui, pŏsĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;place.</p>
+
+<p><b>pons</b>, pontis, <i>m.</i>, bridge. (prop, a path, <span class =
+"greek" title = "patos">πάτος</span>, German Pfad, esp. across a river:
+cf. Pontifex.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Pontus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, district in Asia Minor.</p>
+
+<p><b>pŏpŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, people.</p>
+
+<p><b>porgere</b>. Cf. porrigo.</p>
+
+<p><b>porrĭgo</b>, -rexi, -rectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;stretch out.
+(Several contracted forms, porgere, porge, porgite, etc.) (pro,
+rego.)</p>
+
+<p><b>posco</b>, pŏposci, no sup., 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;demand.</p>
+
+<p><b>possies</b>, <i>old pres. subj.</i> of possum, for possis.</p>
+
+<p><b>possum</b>, pŏtui, posse, <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am able. (pŏtis,
+sum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>post</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, afterwards,
+after.</p>
+
+<p><b>posteā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, afterwards. (post, ea, from is.)</p>
+
+<p><b>postĕrior</b>, -us, comparative fr. posterus.</p>
+
+<p><b>postĕrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, coming after;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, descendant. (post, <i>comp.</i> postĕrior, <i>sup.</i>
+postrēmus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>post·hac</b>, <i>adv.</i>, after this, henceforth.</p>
+
+<p><b>postlīmĭnium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, return to rank and privileges.
+Cf. <a href = "#notes_XL">note xl.&nbsp;13.</a> (post, limen, usual
+derivation.)</p>
+
+<p><b>post·quam</b>, <i>conj.</i>, after that.</p>
+
+<p><b>postrēmus</b>, -a, -um, last; superlative from postĕrus.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+ad postremum, at last.</p>
+
+<p><b>postrīdiē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, on the next day. (postĕrus, dies.)</p>
+
+<p><b>postŭlātio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, demand. (postŭlo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>postŭlātum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, demand. (postŭlo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>postŭlo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I demand. (posco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pŏtior</b>, 4 <i>v. dep.</i>, I obtain possession of; with gen.
+and abl. (pŏtis, able.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">126</span>
+<p><b>pŏtius</b>, <i>adv.</i>, rather; only used in comparative pŏtius,
+and superl. pŏtissime. (fr. pŏtis, -e, <i>adj.</i>, pŏtior,
+pŏtissimus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>praebeo</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I offer, give.</p>
+
+<p><b>praeceps</b>, -ĭpĭtis, <i>adj.</i>, head-first, headlong, (prae,
+căput.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·cīdo</b>, -cīdi, -cīsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;cut off.
+(caedo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·cĭpio</b>, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;take
+beforehand, I&nbsp;instruct. (căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·clārus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, famous.</p>
+
+<p><b>praeda</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, booty, spoil.</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·dĭco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I proclaim, declare publicly.</p>
+
+<p><b>praedium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, farm, estate.</p>
+
+<p><b>praefectus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, a man placed over, overseer,
+prefect. (prae, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·for</b>, 1 <i>v. dep.</i>, I say beforehand.</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·fulgeo</b>, -si, no sup., 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;glitter.</p>
+
+<p><b>praemium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, reward.</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·mŏneo</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I forewarn, admonish
+beforehand.</p>
+
+<p><b>praesens</b>, -entis, <i>adj.</i>, present. (praesum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·ses</b>, -ĭdis, <i>adj.</i>, protecting;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, ruler. (prae, sĕdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prae·sto</b>, -ĭti, -ĭtum (rarely -āvi, -ātum), 1 <i>v. n.</i> and
+<i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;am superior, I&nbsp;surpass.</p>
+
+<p><b>praeter</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, besides, except. (prae, and
+suffix ter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>praeterĭtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> fr. praetereo, past.</p>
+
+<p><b>praetĕr·eo</b>, -ii or -īvi, ĭtum, 4 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;pass&nbsp;by.</p>
+
+<p><b>praetextātus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, wearing the toga
+praetexta.</p>
+
+<p><b>prĕtiōsē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, expensively, splendidly. (prĕtiōsus:
+cf. prĕtium.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prĕtium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, price.</p>
+
+<p><b>prīmum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, at first.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Ubi, or cum, primum, as soon as.</p>
+
+<p><b>prīmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, first, <i>superl.</i>; no
+positive; <i>comp.</i> prior. (Cp. priscus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>princĭpium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, beginning. (princeps.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prior</b>, -us, <i>adj.</i>, former, <i>comp.</i>; (Cf.
+prīmus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prius</b>, <i>adv.</i>, before. (prior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prius·quam</b>, <i>conj.</i>, before that.</p>
+
+<p><b>pro</b>, <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, before, for, in
+proportion&nbsp;to.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·cēdo</b>, -cessi, -cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;advance.</p>
+
+<p><b>prōcērĭtas</b>, -ātis, <i>f.</i>, height. (prōcērus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prōcērus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, tall. (procello.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·consŭlāris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, proconsular, acting instead
+of a consul.</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏcŭl</b>, <i>adv.</i>, absolutely, or with <i>abl.</i>, with or
+without ‘ab’; at a distance, far from.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Dubio procul, without doubt.</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏ·cūro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;take
+care&nbsp;of.</p>
+
+<p><b>prōd·eo</b>, -ii, -ĭtum, -ire, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;come
+forward, (pro,&nbsp;eo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;give forth,
+report, relate; I&nbsp;betray.</p>
+
+<p><b>proelium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, battle.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·fĕro</b>, -tŭli, -lātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bring forth,
+I&nbsp;prolong.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">127</span>
+<p><b>prŏ·fĭciscor</b>, -fectus, 3 <i>v. dep. n.</i>, I&nbsp;set out.
+(pro, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏ·fundus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, deep;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i> profundum, -i (<i>sc.</i> mare), deep sea.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·grĕdior</b>, -essus, 3 <i>v. dep. n.</i>, I&nbsp;advance.
+(grădior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏ·indē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, just so, just as.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·iĭcio</b>, or <b>prō·ĭcio</b>, -iēci, -iectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;throw forward, thrust forward. (iăcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·mitto</b>, -mīsi, -missum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;send forth;
+I&nbsp;say beforehand, promise.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·mŏveo</b>, -mōvi, -mōtum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;move forward,
+cause to advance.</p>
+
+<p><b>promptus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, readiness.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+in promptu esse, to be at hand, ready. (prōmo, I&nbsp;take forth.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·nuntio</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I proclaim, announce.</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏpe</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, near, almost:
+prŏpe, prŏpius, proxĭmē.</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏpĕro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;hasten.
+(prŏpĕrus, quick.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prŏpinquus</b>, -a, -um, near, neighbouring;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, a neighbour. (prŏpe.)</p>
+
+<p><b>propter</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, on account of. (for propiter,
+fr. prŏpe.)</p>
+
+<p><b>proptĕr·eā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, on account of those things,
+therefore.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·pugno</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I fight in front of, fight for,
+defend.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·rĭpio</b>, -rĭpui, -reptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drag
+forth;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+se proripere, to rush forth, take refuge in. (răpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prorsus</b>, <i>adv.</i>, forward, directly. (pro, versus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·sĕquor</b>, -cūtus, 3 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;follow.</p>
+
+<p><b>prospectus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, view. (prospĭcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prospĕrē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, successfully. (prospĕrus, from prospe,
+answering to hope.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·sum</b>, -fui, prōdesse, <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am of use
+to.</p>
+
+<p><b>Prōtăgŏras</b>, -ae, <i>m.</i>, Protagoras.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō-tendo</b>, -di, -sum and -tum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;stretch
+forth.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·tĭnus</b>, <i>adv.</i>, forthwith. (tĕnus, <i>prep.</i>, as
+far&nbsp;as.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·vĕho</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;carry
+forward;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+in <i>pass.</i>, I go forward, I sail, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·vĭdens</b>, -entis, <i>part.</i> of provĭdeo, careful.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·vĭdeo</b>, -vīdi, -vīsum, 2 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;foresee, I&nbsp;am careful.</p>
+
+<p><b>prōvincia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, sphere of duty, province.</p>
+
+<p><b>prō·vŏco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I call forth, challenge.</p>
+
+<p><b>proxĭmē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep.</i> with <i>acc.</i>, very
+near: super. fr. prŏpe.</p>
+
+<p><b>proxĭmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, very near: [prŏpis obsolete],
+prŏpior, proxĭmus. (Cf. prŏpe.)</p>
+
+<p><b>prūdens</b>, -entis, <i>adj.</i>, foreseeing, discreet. (For
+pro·vĭdens.)</p>
+
+<p><b>publĭcē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in behalf of the state.</p>
+
+<p><b>pŭdor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, shame, modesty. (pŭdeo.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">128</span>
+<p><b>puer</b>, -ĕri, <i>m.</i>, boy.</p>
+
+<p><b>pugna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, battle, contest. (Root pug, strike: cf.
+pugil, pugno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pugno</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I fight. (pugna.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pulchrĭtūdo</b>, -ĭnis, <i>f.</i>, beauty. (pulcher.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pullus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, young animal or bird.</p>
+
+<p><b>pūnio</b>, -īvi or ii, ītum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;punish.
+(poena.)</p>
+
+<p><b>puppis</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, stern, poop of ship.</p>
+
+<p><b>purgo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I make clean, clear. (pūrus, ăgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>pŭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I think. (Lit., I&nbsp;trim, arrange,
+and so reckon, think; root, pu, cleanse: cf. purus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Pyrrhus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Pyrrhus.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_Q" id = "voc_Q"> </a>
+<b>quādrāgintā</b>, <i>num.</i>, forty.</p>
+
+<p><b>quaero</b>, -sīvi or <ins class = "correction" title = "- invisible">-sii</ins>,
+sītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;seek, inquire for, ask.</p>
+
+<p><b>quaeso</b>, -īvi or -ii, no sup., 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;seek,
+beg.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Used parenthetically, ‘pray.’</p>
+
+<p><b>quaestus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, gain, business. (quaero.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quālis</b>, -e, <i>adj. pron.</i>, of what kind;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+talis<ins class = "correction" title = "two dots invisible"> ...
+</ins>qualis, such ... as. (quis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quam</b>, <i>conj.</i> and <i>adv.</i>, than, as. (qui.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quam·ob·rem</b>, <i>adv<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins></i>,
+<i>relative</i> and <i>interrog.</i>, wherefore.</p>
+
+<p><b>quam·quam</b>, <i>conj.</i>, although.</p>
+
+<p><b>quantus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, how great, as great.
+(quam.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quăsĭ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, as if, just as. (quamsi.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quattuordĕcim</b> (or quatuordĕcim), <i>numer.</i>, fourteen.</p>
+
+<p><b>-quĕ</b>, <i>enclitic conj.</i>, and.</p>
+
+<p><b>quĕo</b>, -īvi and -ii, -ĭtum, -ire, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;am
+able.</p>
+
+<p><b>quercus</b>, -us, <i>f.</i>, oak.</p>
+
+<p><b>qui</b>, quae, quod, <i>rel. pron., indef. adj. pron.</i> and
+<i>inter. adj. pron.</i>, who, what.</p>
+
+<p><b>quĭă</b>, <i>conj.</i>, because. (For qui-am, quî-iam, whereby
+now.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quīdam</b>, quaedam, quoddam (and quiddam, <i>subst.</i>),
+<i>indef. pron.</i>, a&nbsp;certain one.</p>
+
+<p><b>quĭdem</b>, <i>adv.</i>, indeed.</p>
+
+<p><b>quĭes</b>, -ētis, <i>f.</i>, rest.</p>
+
+<p><b>quĭesco</b>, -ēvi, -ētum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;rest,
+(quies.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quīn</b>, <i>conj.</i>, that not, but that, but indeed,
+rather;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+<i>interrog.</i>, why not? (qui, ne.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quin·dĕcim·vĭr</b>, -i, a quindecimvir, one of the college of 15
+men who had charge of the Sibylline books.</p>
+
+<p><b>quinquĕ</b>, <i>numer.</i>, five.</p>
+
+<p><b>quinquĭes</b>, <i>adv.</i>, five times.</p>
+
+<p><b>quis</b>, quid, <i>inter. pron.</i>, who? which?</p>
+
+<p><b>quis</b>, qua, quid, <i>indef. pron.</i>, any.</p>
+
+<p><b>quis·nam</b>, quidnam, <i>inter. pron.</i>, who, which, what pray?
+whoever?</p>
+
+<p><b>quis·piam</b>, quaepiam, quodpiam (and <i>subst.</i>, quidpiam or
+quippiam), <i>indef. pron.</i>, any, some.</p>
+
+<p><b>quis·quĕ</b>, quaeque, quodque (and <i>subst.</i>, quidque or
+quicque), <i>indef. pron.</i>, each, every.</p>
+
+<p><b>quis·quam</b>, quaequam, quicquam or quidquam, <i>indef.
+pron.</i>, anyone.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">129</span>
+<p><b>quo</b>, <i>adv.</i> and <i>conj.</i>, for which reason, in order
+that, so that. (qui.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quod</b>, <i>conj.</i>, because, that. (qui.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quŏnĭam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, since, because. (quom for cum, iam.)</p>
+
+<p><b>quŏquĕ</b>, <i>conj.</i>, also.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_R" id = "voc_R"> </a>
+<b>rādix</b>, -īcis, <i>f.</i>, root. (Cf. ramus, branch; <span class =
+"greek" title = "rhixa">ῥίξα</span>, root.)</p>
+
+<p><b>răpĭdus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, swift. (răpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rătio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, reason, account. (reor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·cēdo</b>, -cessi- -cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;fall back,
+withdraw.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·cĭpio</b>, -cēpi, -ceptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;take back,
+receive. (căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·cĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I read out, repeat.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·condo</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;put back,
+hide.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕcordātio</b>, -onis, <i>f.</i>, recollection. (re·cordor: cf.
+cor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·cumbo</b>, -cŭbui, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;lie down again.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·cŭpĕro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I recover. (căpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·curvo</b>, no perf., -ātum, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bend
+back.</p>
+
+<p><b>red·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;give back,
+render, impart, restore. (re,&nbsp;do.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕd·eo</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ĭtum, -ire, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go
+back.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕdĭtus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, return. (rĕdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·fĕro</b>, rētŭli (and rettŭli), rĕlātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;bring back, return, turn back, attribute.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·fŭgio</b>, -fūgi, no sup., 3 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;flee back, flee away, escape.</p>
+
+<p><b>regnum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, kingdom. (rex.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕgo</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;rule, direct.
+(rex.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·grĕdior</b>, -gressus, 3 <i>v. dep. n.</i>, I&nbsp;return.
+(grădior.)</p>
+
+<p><b>reicit</b>, for reiicit.</p>
+
+<p><b>rē·iĭcio</b>, or <b>rē·ĭcio</b>, -iēci, -iectum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;throw back, postpone. (iăcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕlĭcus</b>. Cf. reliquus.</p>
+
+<p><b>rē̆lĭgio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, religious scruple, obligation.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·linquo</b>, -līqui, -lictum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;leave
+behind.</p>
+
+<p><b>rē̆lĭquĭae</b>, -arum, <i>pl.</i> only, remains. (rĕlĭquus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕlĭquus</b> (or relicus), -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, remaining.
+(rĕlinquo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕmĕdium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, remedy, cure. (re, mĕdeor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·mōtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> from remŏveo, retired,
+distant.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·mŏveo</b>, -mōvi, mōtum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;move back,
+withdraw.</p>
+
+<p><b>reor</b>, rătus, 2 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;believe, think.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕpentē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, suddenly. (rĕpens, sudden.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·pĕto</b>, -īvi or -ii, -ītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;seek
+again.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Memoriâ repeto, I call to mind.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·quīro</b>, -sīvi or -sii, -sītum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;seek
+again, seek for. (quaero.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rēs</b>, rei, <i>f.</i>, thing, deed.</p>
+
+<p><b>re·scindo</b>, -scĭdi, -scissum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;tear
+open.</p>
+
+<p><b>re·scrībo</b>, -psi, -ptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;write back.</p>
+
+<p><b>re·spondeo</b>, -di, -sum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;reply. (Lit.,
+I&nbsp;promise in return.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">130</span>
+<p><b>res·publĭca</b>, reipublicae, <i>f.</i>, state.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·surgo</b>, -surrexi, -surrectum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;rise
+again.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·tĭneo</b>, -ui, -tentum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;hold back,
+keep. (tĕneo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕŭs</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, defendant in an action, culprit.
+(res.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·vello</b>, -velli, -vulsum and -volsum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;pull away, pull out.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·verto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;turn back,
+return.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕvertor</b>, -versus, 3 <i>v. dep. n.</i>, I&nbsp;turn back,
+return.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·vincio</b>, -nxi, -nctum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bind back,
+fasten.</p>
+
+<p><b>rĕ·vŏlo</b>, no perf. or sup., are, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;fly
+back.</p>
+
+<p><b>rex</b>, rēgis, <i>m.</i>, king. (rĕgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rhētor</b>, -ŏris, <i>m.</i>, teacher of oratory, rhetorician.
+(<span class = "greek" title = "rhêtôr">ῥήτωρ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rīdeo</b>, -si, -sum, 2 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;laugh,
+laugh at, mock.</p>
+
+<p><b>rīma</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, crack, cleft.</p>
+
+<p><b>rītĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, duly, fitly. (ritus, religious
+observance.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rŏgo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I ask for, ask.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rōma</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Rome.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rōmānus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Roman.</p>
+
+<p><b>rostrum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, beak, prow. (rōdo, I&nbsp;gnaw.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rŭbus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, bramble. (rŭber, red.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rŭdis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, rough.</p>
+
+<p><b>rursum</b> and rursus, <i>adv.</i>, again. (For revorsum, from
+re·verto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>rustĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of the country, rural, rustic.
+(rus.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_S" id = "voc_S"> </a>
+<b>sā̆crārium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, shrine, sacristy. (săcer,
+sacred.)</p>
+
+<p><b>saepĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, often. (Obsolete adj. saepis,
+frequent.)</p>
+
+<p><b>saepĕ·nŭmĕrō</b>, <i>adv.</i>, often.</p>
+
+<p><b>saevio</b>, -ii, -ītum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;rage, am fierce.
+(saevus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sălum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, the open sea. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "salos">σάλος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sălūs</b>, -ūtis, <i>f.</i>, safety. (Cf. salvus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>salvus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, safe.</p>
+
+<p><b>Samnis</b>, -ītis, <i>adj.</i>, Samnite.</p>
+
+<p><b>sanguĭnŏlentus</b>, -a, -um, blood-stained. (sanguis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sănĭes</b> (-em, -e, no genitive nor plural), <i>f.</i>, corrupted
+blood, matter. (sanguis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>săpiens</b>, -entis, <i>adj.</i>, wise. (săpio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sătĭra</b>, or sătŭra, -ae, <i>f.</i>, a satire.</p>
+
+<p><b>sătis</b>, <i>adv.</i>, sufficiently.</p>
+
+<p><b>scăteo</b>, no perf. or sup., -ēre, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;bubble,
+flow forth; bubble over with: with <i>abl.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>scio</b>, -īvi, -ītum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;know.</p>
+
+<p><b>Scīpio</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, Scipio.</p>
+
+<p><b>scītē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, cleverly, skilfully. (scio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>scŏpŭlus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, rock. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"skopelos">σκόπελος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>scrībo</b>, -psi, -ptum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;write. (<span
+class = "greek" title = "graphô">γράφω</span>, schreiben.)</p>
+
+<p><b>scriptor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, writer, author. (scrībo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>scūtum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, shield. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"skutos">σκῦτος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sē</b>, and sēsē, <i>gen.</i> sui, <i>reflex. pron.</i>, himself,
+herself, itself.</p>
+
+<p><b>sēcessus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, withdrawal. (sē·cēdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sē·cum</b>, for cum se, with himself, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕcundum</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, following after, according
+to. (sĕquor.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">131</span>
+<p><b>sĕcundus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, following, second, favourable,
+(sĕquor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕcūris</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, axe.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+securi percutio, I behead. (sĕco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sēcūrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, free from care. (se, = sine,
+cura.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sed</b>, <i>conj.</i>, but.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+sed enim, but indeed.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕdeo</b>, sēdi, sessum, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;sit. (sēdes,
+insĭdiae.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕges</b>, -ĕtis, <i>f.</i>, cornfield.</p>
+
+<p><b>sē·lībra</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, half pound. (semi, libra.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sēmentis</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, seed, crop. (sēmen.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sē·mĕt</b>, strengthened form of se.</p>
+
+<p><b>semper</b>, <i>adv.</i>, always. (Cf. sĕmel.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕnātor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, Senator. (sĕnex.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕnātus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, Senate.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕnātus consultum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, decree of Senate.</p>
+
+<p><b>sensim</b>, <i>adv.</i>, slowly. (sentio, lit., perceptibly.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sententia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, way of thinking, opinion, decision.
+(sentio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sentio</b>, -si- -sum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;perceive, judge,
+decide.</p>
+
+<p><b>sentis</b>, -is, <i>m.</i>, rarely <i>f.</i>, thorn.</p>
+
+<p><b>se·orsum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, separately, (se, verto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sē·păro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I separate. (păro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>septem</b>, <i>numer.</i>, seven. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title
+= "hepta">ἑπτά</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĕpulcrum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, tomb. (sĕpĕlio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sermo</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, speech. (sĕro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Sertōrius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Sertorius.</p>
+
+<p><b>servo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I preserve.</p>
+
+<p><b>servus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, slave.</p>
+
+<p><b>sestertium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, a thousand sestertii. Cf. <a href
+= "#notes_VI">note vi.&nbsp;4.</a></p>
+
+<p><b>sĕvērē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, austerely, severely.</p>
+
+<p><b>sex</b>, <i>numer.</i>, six.</p>
+
+<p><b>sexāginta</b>, <i>numer.</i>, sixty.</p>
+
+<p><b>si</b>, <i>conj.</i>, if.</p>
+
+<p><b>Sĭbyllīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of the Sibyl, Sibylline.
+(Sĭbylla.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sīc</b>, <i>adv.</i> so, thus.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+ut ... sic, <i>correlatives</i>, as ... so.</p>
+
+<p><b>Sĭcāni</b>, -orum, <i>m.</i>, the Sicani.</p>
+
+<p><b>sicco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I dry. (siccus, dry.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Sĭcĭlia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, Sicily.</p>
+
+<p><b>sīc·ŭt</b>, <i>adv.</i>, just as, so as.</p>
+
+<p><b>signĭfĭco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I show, make known, signify,
+beckon. (signum, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>signum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, sign, emblem.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭlentium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, silence, (sĭleo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>silvestris</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, woody. (silva.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭmŭl</b>, <i>adv.</i>, at once, at same time.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭmŭlācrum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, image, representation, appearance.
+(sĭmĭlis, sĭmŭlo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭmŭlo</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I pretend. (similis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sīn</b>, <i>conj.</i>, but if. (si, ne.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭnĕ</b>, <i>prep. gov. abl.</i>, without.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭno</b>, sīvi, sĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;set down;
+I&nbsp;allow.</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭnus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, folds of garment, bosom.</p>
+
+<p><b>sisto</b>, stiti, statum, 3 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;cause to stand, I&nbsp;stand.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Se sistere, to present oneself, appear, (sto, <span class = "greek"
+title = "histêmi">ἵστημι</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sĭtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> from sĭno, situated.</p>
+
+<p><b>sīvĕ</b> (or seu), <i>conj.</i>, or if.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Sive ... sive, whether ... or.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">132</span>
+<p><b>sōbrius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, not drunk, sober, moderate.</p>
+
+<p><b>Sōcrătes</b>, -is or -i, <i>m.</i>, Socrates. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "Sôkratês">Σωκράτης</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sōl</b>, sōlis, <i>m.</i>, sun.</p>
+
+<p><b>sōlemnis</b> (or <b>solennis</b> or <b>sollennis</b>), -e,
+<i>adj.</i>, annual, stated, customary, solemn. (sollus, whole, cf.
+<span class = "greek" title = "holos">ὅλος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sŏleo</b>, -itus, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I am accustomed.</p>
+
+<p><b>sollers</b>, -ertis, <i>adj.</i>, skilled: with gen. (sollus,
+whole.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sōlus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, alone. (Cf. sollus, whole.)</p>
+
+<p><b>solvo</b>, -lvi, -lūtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;release, set
+loose. (se·luo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>somnium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, dream. (somnus, <span class = "greek"
+title = "hupnos">ὕπνος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sŏnōrus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, loud. (sŏnus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Sŏphocles</b>, -is and -i, <i>m.</i>, Sophocles. (<span class =
+"greek" title = "Sophoklês">Σοφοκλῆς</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Sp.</b> for <b>Spurius</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Spurius.</p>
+
+<p><b>spargo</b>, -si, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;sprinkle, strew.</p>
+
+<p><b>spĕcŭlor</b>, -atus, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I&nbsp;spy out,
+reconnoitre. (spĕcio, spĕcŭla, watch tower.)</p>
+
+<p><b>specto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I gaze at. (Intens. form of
+spĕcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>spĕcus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, cave.</p>
+
+<p><b>spēs</b>, -ei, <i>f.</i>, hope. (Cf. spēro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>splendor</b>, -ōris, <i>m.</i>, magnificence. (splendeo,
+I&nbsp;shine.)</p>
+
+<p><b>spŏlium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, spoil, booty.</p>
+
+<p><b>stătim</b>, <i>adv.</i>, immediately. (sto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>stătus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, position. (sto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>stirps</b>, stirpis, <i>f.</i>, rarely <i>m.</i>, stem, root.</p>
+
+<p><b>sto</b>, stĕti, stătum, stāre, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;stand.
+(<span class = "greek" title = "istêmi">ἵστημι</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>stŏlo</b>, -ōnis, <i>m.</i>, sucker of tree.</p>
+
+<p><b>strēnuus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, active, energetic. (Cf. <span
+class = "greek" title = "stereos">στερεός</span>, hard.)</p>
+
+<p><b>struo</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;build up.</p>
+
+<p><b>stŭdeo</b>, -ui, no sup., 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;am eager,
+I&nbsp;strive.</p>
+
+<p><b>stŭdium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, zeal, study. (stŭdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>stultus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, foolish.</p>
+
+<p><b>stŭpĕ·făcio</b>, -fēci, -factum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;make
+stupid or senseless; I&nbsp;amaze. (stŭpeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>suādeo</b>, -si, -sum, 2 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>,
+I&nbsp;persuade. (Cf. suāvis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭb</b>, <i>prep. gov. acc.</i> and <i>abl.</i>, under.</p>
+
+<p><b>sub·do</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;place under.</p>
+
+<p><b>sublātissĭmus</b>, <i>superl.</i> of sublātus, from tollo, very
+high.</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭbŏles</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, shoot. (sub, ŏlesco, grow.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sub·verto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;overthrow.</p>
+
+<p><b>suc·cēdo</b>, -cessi, -cessum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;go under, go
+from under, ascend, advance. (sub, cēdo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>suffrāgium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, vote.</p>
+
+<p><b>Sulla</b>, -ae, <i>m.</i>, Sulla.</p>
+
+<p><b>sum</b>, fui, esse, <i>v. n.</i>, I am.</p>
+
+<p><b>summus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, highest; <i>superl.</i> fr.
+sŭpĕrus, sŭpĕrior, sūprēmus or summus.</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭpĕr</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i> and
+<i>abl.</i>, above, over, on, about.</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭperbia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, pride. (sŭperbus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭperbus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, proud, haughty. (sŭper.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭpĕrior</b>, -us, <i>adj.</i>, higher, former; comp. fr. sŭpĕrus, supĕrior, sū̆prēmus or
+summus<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">133</span>
+<p><b>sŭpĕro, 1</b> <i>v. a.</i>, I overcome. (sŭper.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sŭperstes</b>, -ĭtis, <i>adj.</i>, surviving.</p>
+
+<p><b>supplĭcium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, punishment. (supplex.)</p>
+
+<p><b>sursum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, from below. (sub-versum.)</p>
+
+<p><b>suus</b>, -a, -um, <i>reflex. adj. pron.</i>, his own, her own,
+its own.</p>
+
+<p><b>synanchē</b>, -es, <i>f.</i>, (<span class = "greek" title =
+"sunanchê">συνάγχη</span>), a&nbsp;sore throat.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_T" id = "voc_T"> </a>
+<b>T.</b>, for Titus, -i, <i>m.</i>, Titus.</p>
+
+<p><b>tăberna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, shop. (Cf. tăbŭla, plank.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tăbŭlātūm</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, floor. (tăbŭla, plank.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tăceo</b>, 2 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;am silent, pass
+over in silence.</p>
+
+<p><b>tăcĭtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>part.</i> from taceo, not spoken of,
+silent.</p>
+
+<p><b>taedium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, weariness. (taedet.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Taenărum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, and Taenărus, -i, <i>m.</i> and
+<i>f.</i>, Taenarum and Taenarus.</p>
+
+<p><b>tălentum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, talent (sum of money, £243 15s.).
+(<span class = "greek" title = "talanton">τάλαντον</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tālis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, of such a kind, such.</p>
+
+<p><b>tam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, so.</p>
+
+<p><b>tămen</b>, <i>adv.</i>, however.</p>
+
+<p><b>tam·quam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, just as, as if, as it were.</p>
+
+<p><b>tandem</b>, <i>adv.</i>, at last.</p>
+
+<p><b>tantus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, so great.</p>
+
+<p><b>Tarquĭnius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Tarquin.</p>
+
+<p><b>tēlum</b>, i., <i>n.</i>, dart.</p>
+
+<p><b>tempĕrantia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, moderation, temperance. (tempĕro,
+tempus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tempestīvus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, seasonable, ripe.
+(tempus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>templum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, temple.</p>
+
+<p><b>tempus</b>, -ŏris, <i>n.</i>, time.</p>
+
+<p><b>tĕneo</b>, tĕnui, tentum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;hold, keep.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Cursum teneo, I hold on a course.</p>
+
+<p><b>tĕnŭis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, drawn out, thin, slender.
+(tĕneo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>terra</b>, -ae, land, country.</p>
+
+<p><b>terreo</b>, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I alarm. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "treô">τρέω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>terrĭfĭcus</b>, -a, -um, alarming, terrible. (terreo, făcio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tertius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, third. (ter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>testis</b>, -is, <i>c.</i>, witness. (testor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Thrācus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, Thracian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Tib.</b>, for Tĭbĕrius, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Tiberius.</p>
+
+<p><b>tībia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, pipe, flute.</p>
+
+<p><b>tībīcēn</b>, -ĭnis, <i>m.</i>, flute-player. (For tibĭĭcen, fr.
+tībĭă, căno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Tīmŏchăres</b>, -is and -i, <i>m.</i>, Timochares.</p>
+
+<p><b>tŏga</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, a garment, a toga. (tĕgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tollo</b>, sustŭli, sublātum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;raise. (Cf.
+tŭli, tŏlĕro.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Torquātus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, Torquatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>torques</b> (and <b>torquis</b>), -is, <i>m.</i> and <i>f.</i>,
+twisted necklace or collar. (torqueo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>torreo</b>, torrui, tostum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;roast.</p>
+
+<p><b>tōtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, all, whole.</p>
+
+<p><b>tracto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I handle, treat, polish. (Intens. of
+trăho.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trādo</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;hand over, give
+up, hand down, relate. (trans,&nbsp;do.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trans·curro</b>, -curri and -cŭcurri, -cursum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;run past, I&nbsp;pass.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">134</span>
+<p><b>trans·ĭgo</b>, -ēgi, -actum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;drive through,
+I&nbsp;pierce. (ăgo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>transĭlio</b>, -īvi or -ui, no sup., 4 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>,
+I&nbsp;leap across, leap over. (trans, sălio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trĕmĭbundus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, full of trembling.
+(trĕmo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trĕpĭdans</b>, -antis, <i>part.</i> fr. trepido, trembling.</p>
+
+<p><b>trĕpĭdo</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I am in a state of confusion or
+alarm. (Cf. <span class = "greek" title = "trepô">τρέπω</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trēs</b>, tria, <i>numer.</i>, three. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "treis, tria">τρεῖς, τρία</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trĭbūnus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, tribune. (Lit., the chief of a tribe,
+trĭbus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trīduum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, space of three days. (tres, dies,
+<i>sc.</i> spătium.)</p>
+
+<p><b>triennium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, space of three years. (tres, annus,
+<i>sc.</i> spătium.)</p>
+
+<p><b>trĭgĕmĭnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, three born at a birth.
+(tres, geminus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>triumpho</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i> and <i>a.</i>, I&nbsp;triumph.
+(triumphus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>triumphus</b>, -i, <i>m.</i>, a triumph. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "thriambos">θρίαμβος</span>, procession in honour of
+Bacchus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tu</b>, <i>pers. pron.</i>, thou. (<span class = "greek" title =
+"su">σύ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tum</b>, <i>adv.</i>, then.</p>
+
+<p><b>tŭmultus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, disturbance. (tŭmeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tunc</b>, <i>adv.</i>, then. (tum-ce.)</p>
+
+<p><b>turba</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, uproar, crowd.</p>
+
+<p><b>turpis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, base.</p>
+
+<p><b>turris</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, turret, tower.</p>
+
+<p><b>tūtē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, safely. (tutus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tūtor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I watch, defend. (tueor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tūtus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, safe. (tueor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>tuus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, thy. (tu.)</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_U" id = "voc_U"> </a>
+<b>ūber</b>, -ĕris, <i>adj.</i>, rich, fertile.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŭbī̆</b>, <i>adv.</i>, <i>relat.</i> and <i>interrog.</i>, where,
+when.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Ubi primum, as soon as.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŭbī·quĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, wherever, everywhere, anywhere.</p>
+
+<p><b>ullus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, any. (For ūnŭlus, demin. of
+ūnus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ultĭmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, farthest, super. fr. [ulter,
+obsolete; cf. ultra] ultĕrior, ultimus.</p>
+
+<p><b>ultrā</b>, <i>adv.</i>, and <i>prep. gov. acc.</i>, beyond. (Cf.
+ultĭmus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ultro</b>, <i>adv.</i>, beyond, besides, of one’s own accord. (Cf.
+ultimus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>unda</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, wave.</p>
+
+<p><b>un·dē·vīcēsĭmus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, nineteenth.</p>
+
+<p><b>undĭquĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, from or on all sides. (unde-que.)</p>
+
+<p><b>unguis</b>, -is, <i>m.</i>, nail or talon. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "onux">ὄνυξ</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ūnĭcē</b>, <i>adv.</i>, solely, especially. (unĭcus, unus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ūnĭversus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, all together. (unus, verto,
+turned into one.)</p>
+
+<p><b>unquam</b>, or <b>umquam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, at any time, ever.</p>
+
+<p><b>ūnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>numer.</i>, one.</p>
+
+<p><b>urbānus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of the city. (urbs.)</p>
+
+<p><b>urbĭcus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, of the city. (urbs.)</p>
+
+<p><b>urbs</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, city.</p>
+
+<p><b>urgeo</b>, ursi, no sup., 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;press on, press
+hard upon, urge.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">135</span>
+<p><b>urna</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, urn. (Properly a vessel of burnt clay;
+ūro, I&nbsp;burn.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ursīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, like a bear. (ursus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>usquam</b>, <i>adv.</i>, anywhere, in anything. (For ubs·quam,
+from ŭbi.)</p>
+
+<p><b>usquĕ</b>, <i>adv.</i>, all the way, always.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Usque adeo, to such an extent. (For ubs·que, from ŭbi.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ūsus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, use, advantage. (ūtor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ŭt</b>, ŭtī, with <i>indic.</i>, as, when;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+ut ... sic, <i>correlatives</i>, as ... so;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+with <i>subj.</i>, in order that, so that.</p>
+
+<p><b>ŭter·quĕ</b>, ū̆trăque, ū̆trumque, <i>adj. pron.</i>, both,
+each.</p>
+
+<p><b>ūtĭlis</b>, -e, <i>adj.</i>, useful. (ūtor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>ūtor</b>, ūsus, 3 <i>v. dep.</i>, I use; with <i>abl.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>ū̆trum</b>, <i>interrog. adv.</i>, whether. (ŭter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>uxor</b>, -ōris, <i>f.</i>, wife.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_V" id = "voc_V"> </a>
+<b>vădĭmōnium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, bail. (văs, a surety.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vădor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I bind over by bail. (văs.)</p>
+
+<p><b>văleo</b>, 2 <i>v. n.</i>, I am strong, I&nbsp;am of value.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+In leave-taking, vălē, etc., farewell.</p>
+
+<p><b>Vălĕrius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Valerius.</p>
+
+<p><b>vălĭdus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, strong. (văleo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vălītūdo (or vălētūdo)</b>, -ĭnis, <i>f.</i>, health. (văleo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vallum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, a rampart with palisades. (vallus,
+a&nbsp;stake.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vărius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, diverse, different.</p>
+
+<p><b>vastūs</b>, -a, <ins class = "correction" title = "- invisible">-um</ins>, <i>adj.</i>, empty, immense.</p>
+
+<p><b>-vĕ</b>, <i>enclitic</i>, or.</p>
+
+<p><b>vecto</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I carry. (<i>intens.</i> of vĕho.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vĕho</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;carry.</p>
+
+<p><b>vēlox</b>, -ōcis, <i>adj.</i>, swift. (Cf. vŏlo, -āre,
+I&nbsp;fly.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vĕl·ŭt</b>, <b>vĕl·ŭti</b>, <i>adv.</i>, just as, as if.</p>
+
+<p><b>vēnātio</b>, -ōnis, <i>f.</i>, hunting. (vēnor.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vendo</b>, -dĭdi, -dĭtum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;sell.
+(vēnum,&nbsp;do.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vĕnēnum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, poison.</p>
+
+<p><b>vĕnia</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, pardon.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Bonâ veniâ, by your kind leave.</p>
+
+<p><b>vĕnio</b>, vēni, ventum, 4 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;come.</p>
+
+<p><b>vēnor</b>, 1 <i>v. dep. a.</i>, I hunt.</p>
+
+<p><b>vēnum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, sale. In classical writers only in acc.
+sing.</p>
+
+<p><b>ventĭto</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I come frequently. (Intens. of
+vĕnio.)</p>
+
+<p><b>verber</b>, -ĕris, <i>n.</i>, scourge, blow.</p>
+
+<p><b>verbum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, word.</p>
+
+<p><b>Vergilius</b>, -ii, <i>m.</i>, Vergil.</p>
+
+<p><b>vērō</b>, <i>adv.</i>, in truth, but indeed. (vērus.)</p>
+
+<p><b>versus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, a line, verse. (verto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vertex</b>, -ĭcis, <i>m.</i>, whirlpool, top, head. (verto.)</p>
+
+<p><b>verto</b>, -ti, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;turn; in <i>pass.</i>
+also with abl., I&nbsp;turn upon, depend upon.</p>
+
+<p><b>vērus</b>, -a, -um<ins class = "correction" title = "text has .,">, </ins><i>adj.</i>, true.</p>
+
+<p><b>vester</b>, -tra, -trum, <i>poss. pron.</i>, your. (vos.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vestīgium</b>, -ii, <i>n.</i>, footprint, sole of foot. (vestīgo,
+I&nbsp;track.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vestio</b>, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I clothe. (vestis, garment.)</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">136</span>
+<p><b>vĕtus</b>, -ĕris, <i>adj.</i>, old.</p>
+
+<p><b>via</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, road, way.</p>
+
+<p><b>vī̆bro</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i> and <i>n.</i>, I&nbsp;brandish,
+I&nbsp;shake.</p>
+
+<p><b>vīcĭes</b>, <i>adv.</i>, twenty times.</p>
+
+<p><b>vīcīnus</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, neighbouring;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+as <i>subst.</i>, a neighbour. (vīcus, hamlet.)</p>
+
+<p><b>victōria</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, victory. (victor, vinco<ins class =
+"correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins>)</p>
+
+<p><b>victus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, food, way of life. (vīvo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vĭdeo</b>, vīdi, vīsum, 2 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;see; in
+<i>pass.</i>, I&nbsp;seem.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Impersonally, videtur mihi, it seems good to me.</p>
+
+<p><b>vīginti</b>, <i>numer.</i>, twenty.</p>
+
+<p><b>vĭgor</b>, ōris, <i>m.</i>, force, strength. (vĭgeo,
+I&nbsp;flourish.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vincio</b>, -nxi, -nctum, 4 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;bind.</p>
+
+<p><b>vinco</b>, vīci, victum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;conquer.</p>
+
+<p><b>vindĭco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I avenge. (vim-dico, I&nbsp;assert
+authority.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vīnum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, vine, wine. (<span class = "greek" title
+= "oinos">οἶνος</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>viŏlens</b>, -entis, <i>adj.</i>, impetuous. (vis.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vir</b>, vĭri, <i>m.</i>, man, husband.</p>
+
+<p><b>virgultum</b>, -i, <i>n.</i>, twig. (For virgŭlētum, fr. virgŭla,
+demin. of virga, branch, twig.)</p>
+
+<p><b>virtūs</b>, -ūtis, <i>f.</i>, valour. (vir.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vis</b> (vim, vi, no <i>gen. sing.</i>, <i>plur.</i> vīres,
+etc<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins>), <i>f.</i>,
+strength, force. (<span class = "greek" title = "is">ἴς</span>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vīso</b>, -si, -sum, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;behold. (Intens. of
+vĭdeo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vīta</b>, -ae, <i>f.</i>, life. (vivo.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vītis</b>, -is, <i>f.</i>, vine.</p>
+
+<p><b>vīvo</b>, -xi, -ctum, 3 <i>v. n.</i>, I&nbsp;live.</p>
+
+<p><b>vŏco</b>, 1 <i>v. a.</i>, I call. (vox.)</p>
+
+<p><b>volgus</b> (or <b>vulgus</b>), -i, <i>n.</i>, rarely <i>m.</i>,
+common people;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+in <i>abl.</i>, volgo, as <i>adv.</i>, commonly.</p>
+
+<p><b>vŏlo</b>, -ui, no sup., velle, 3 <i>v. a.</i>, I&nbsp;wish
+for.</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+Quid hoc sibi vult, what does this mean.</p>
+
+<p><b>vŏlo</b>, 1 <i>v. n.</i>, I fly.</p>
+
+<p><b>vŏluntārius</b>, -a, -um, <i>adj.</i>, voluntary. (vŏlo,
+I&nbsp;wish.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vos</b>, <i>plur.</i> of tu, you.</p>
+
+<p><b>vox</b>, vōcis, <i>f.</i>, voice, expression. (vŏco.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vulgus</b> and <b>vulgo</b>. Cf. volgus.</p>
+
+<p><b>vulnus</b>, or <b>volnus</b>, -ēris, <i>n.</i>, wound. (Cf. vello,
+I&nbsp;tear.)</p>
+
+<p><b>vultus</b>, -us, <i>m.</i>, countenance.</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Beginning of Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<a name = "voc_X" id = "voc_X"> </a>
+<b>Xanthippe</b>, -es, <i>f.</i>, Xanthippe. (<span class = "greek"
+title = "Xanthippê">Ξανθίππη</span>.)</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">137</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "vocab_english" id = "vocab_english">
+ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY.</a></h3>
+
+<p class = "center"><i>For details about Latin words turn to the <a href
+= "#vocab_latin">Latin-English Vocabulary</a>.</i></p>
+
+<table class = "vocab" summary = "vocabulary list">
+<tr>
+<td width = "50%">
+<p class = "space"><b>abandon</b>, desino.</p>
+
+<p><b>able, I am</b>, possum.</p>
+
+<p><b>about</b>, de.</p>
+
+<p><b>accompany</b> (home), prosequor.</p>
+
+<p><b>accomplishment</b>, disciplina.</p>
+
+<p><b>account</b>, ratio.</p>
+
+<p><b>account, on account of</b>, propter.</p>
+
+<p><b>acquit</b>, absolvo.</p>
+
+<p><b>act</b>, ago.</p>
+
+<p><b>actor</b>, histrio, actor.</p>
+
+<p><b>adjourn</b>, profero, differo.</p>
+
+<p><b>administer</b> (justice), dico (jus).</p>
+
+<p><b>advance</b>, incedo, procedo, prodeo, progredior.</p>
+
+<p><b>advanced</b> (in age), grandis (natu).</p>
+
+<p><b>advantageous to</b>, e, ex.</p>
+
+<p><b>advise</b>, moneo.</p>
+
+<p><b>after</b>, post.</p>
+
+<p><b>afterwards</b>, postea, posthac.</p>
+
+<p><b>again</b>, denuo, iterum.</p>
+
+<p><b>against</b>, adversus, adversum, in.</p>
+
+<p><b>age</b>, natus.</p>
+
+<p><b>agree</b>, convenio.</p>
+
+<p><b>alarm, in</b>, trepidans.</p>
+
+<p><b>all</b>, omnis.</p>
+
+<p><b>allowed, it is</b>, licet.</p>
+
+<p><b>almost</b>, fere, prope.</p>
+
+<p><b>alone</b>, solus.</p>
+
+<p><b>alum</b>, alumen.</p>
+
+<p><b>ambassador</b>, legatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>amusing</b>, hilaris, iucundus.</p>
+
+<p><b>and</b>, et, atque, -que.</p>
+
+<p><b>animal</b>, bestia, fera.</p>
+
+<p><b>announce</b>, praedico.</p>
+
+<p><b>another</b>, alius.</p>
+
+<p><b>anxious</b>, cupidus.</p>
+
+<p><b>appear</b>, videor.</p>
+
+<p><b>appearance</b>, aspectus.</p>
+
+<p><b>apple-tree</b>, pomum.</p>
+
+<p><b>approve</b>, probo.</p>
+
+<p><b>arms</b>, arma.</p>
+
+<p><b>army</b>, exercitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>arouse</b>, excito.</p>
+
+<p><b>arrest</b>, adprehendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>as</b>, ut, velut.</p>
+
+<p><b>as if, as though</b>, quasi.</p>
+
+<p><b>ask</b>, interrogo, rogo; peto, oro.</p>
+
+<p><b>ask for</b>, peto, oro.</p>
+
+<p><b>ascribe</b>, acceptum refero.</p>
+
+<p><b>assembly</b>, contio.</p>
+
+<p><b>assist</b>, adiuvo.</p>
+
+<p><b>astound</b>, stupefacio.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">138</span>
+<p><b>at</b>, in.</p>
+
+<p><b>athletics</b>, ars athletica.</p>
+
+<p><b>attack</b>, oppugno, pugno in, incurro.</p>
+
+<p><b>attendant</b>, aeditumus.</p>
+
+<p><b>attract attention</b>, converto oculos, animum.</p>
+
+<p><b>author</b>, scriptor.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>back, in the</b>, aversus.</p>
+
+<p><b>bad-tempered</b>, morosus.</p>
+
+<p><b>bail</b>, vadimonium<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p><b>barbarian</b>, barbarus.</p>
+
+<p><b>bark</b>, latro.</p>
+
+<p><b>battle</b>, pugna, proelium.</p>
+
+<p><b>bear</b> (<i>v.</i>), fero.</p>
+
+<p><b>bear-like</b>, ursinus.</p>
+
+<p><b>beauty</b>, pulchritudo.</p>
+
+<p><b>because</b>, quod.</p>
+
+<p><b>beckon</b>, significo.</p>
+
+<p><b>before</b>, ante, coram.</p>
+
+<p><b>begin</b>, coepi.</p>
+
+<p><b>behead</b>, securi percutio.</p>
+
+<p><b>believe</b>, credo.</p>
+
+<p><b>bend</b>, flecto.</p>
+
+<p><b>besiege</b>, obsideo.</p>
+
+<p><b>betake</b>, adfero.</p>
+
+<p><b>bird</b>, avis.</p>
+
+<p><b>blaze</b>, flagro.</p>
+
+<p><b>block</b>, insula.</p>
+
+<p><b>blood-stained</b>, cruentus.</p>
+
+<p><b>blow</b>, verber.</p>
+
+<p><b>blush</b>, erubesco.</p>
+
+<p><b>bodily</b>, <i>genitive of</i> corpus.</p>
+
+<p><b>body</b>, corpus.</p>
+
+<p><b>boldly</b>, intrepidus.</p>
+
+<p><b>bone</b>, os.</p>
+
+<p><b>book</b>, liber.</p>
+
+<p><b>both</b>, uterque,</p>
+
+<p><b>both ... and</b>, et ... et.</p>
+
+<p><b>boy</b>, puer.</p>
+
+<p><b>brand</b> (with mark of infamy), adficio.</p>
+
+<p><b>brave</b>, fortis, strenuus.</p>
+
+<p><b>brazen</b>, aeneus.</p>
+
+<p><b>break</b>, infringo.</p>
+
+<p><b>bribery</b>, ambitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>bridge</b>, pons.</p>
+
+<p><b>bring</b>, fero.</p>
+
+<p><b>bring in</b>, introduco.</p>
+
+<p><b>brother</b>, frater.</p>
+
+<p><b>build</b>, struo, condo, congero.</p>
+
+<p><b>burn</b>, ardeo, deuro.</p>
+
+<p><b>but</b>, sed, at.</p>
+
+<p><b>buy</b>, emo, mercor.</p>
+
+<p><b>by no means</b>, nequaquam, haudquaquam.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>call</b>, appello, voco.</p>
+
+<p><b>called</b>, nomine.</p>
+
+<p><b>camp</b>, castra.</p>
+
+<p><b>can</b>, possum.</p>
+
+<p><b>carry</b>, fero, vecto.</p>
+
+<p><b>carry back</b>, refero.</p>
+
+<p><b>carry to</b>, asporto.</p>
+
+<p><b>case</b>, causa, res.</p>
+
+<p><b>cause</b>, (<i>v.</i>), curo <i>with gerundive</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>cautious</b>, cautus.</p>
+
+<p><b>cavalry</b>, equitatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>cave</b>, specus.</p>
+
+<p><b>cease</b>, omitto.</p>
+
+<p><b>censor</b>, censor.</p>
+
+<p><b>centre</b>, media pars.</p>
+
+<p><b>certain, a</b> (<i>indef.</i>), quidam.</p>
+
+<p><b>certainly</b>, procul dubio.</p>
+
+<p><b>challenge</b>, provoco.</p>
+
+<p><b>chance, by</b>, forte.</p>
+
+<p><b>chariot</b>, currus.</p>
+
+<p><b>charm</b>, demulceo.</p>
+
+<p><b>choose</b>, deligo, eligo.</p>
+
+<p><b>citizen</b>, civis.</p>
+
+<p><b>city</b>, urbs.</p>
+
+<p><b>city, in the</b> (<i>adj.</i>), urbanus, urbicus.</p>
+
+<p><b>clever</b>, astutus.</p>
+
+<p><b>collect</b>, comparo.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">139</span>
+<p><b>come</b>, venio.</p>
+
+<p><b>come to</b>, pervenio.</p>
+
+<p><b>comedy</b>, comoedia.</p>
+
+<p><b>command</b>, imperium.</p>
+
+<p><b>command</b> (army), rego.</p>
+
+<p><b>conceal</b>, celo.</p>
+
+<p><b>condemn</b>, condemno, damno.</p>
+
+<p><b>confidence</b>, confidentia.</p>
+
+<p><b>congratulation</b>, gratulatio.</p>
+
+<p><b>conquer</b>, vinco, supero.</p>
+
+<p><b>consider</b>, habeo;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+<b>I am considered</b>, videor, habeor.</p>
+
+<p><b>conspiracy</b>, coniuratio.</p>
+
+<p><b>consult</b>, consulo, consulto.</p>
+
+<p><b>contest</b>, certamen.</p>
+
+<p><b>control</b>, impero.</p>
+
+<p><b>conversation</b>, sermo.</p>
+
+<p><b>converse with</b>, colloquor.</p>
+
+<p><b>cook</b>, torreo.</p>
+
+<p><b>corn</b>, sementes.</p>
+
+<p><b>correct</b>, corrigo.</p>
+
+<p><b>country</b> (<i>adj.</i>), rusticus.</p>
+
+<p><b>courage</b>, animus.</p>
+
+<p><b>course</b>, cursus.</p>
+
+<p><b>cowardice</b>, ignavia.</p>
+
+<p><b>credulity</b>, credulitas.</p>
+
+<p><b>crop</b>, seges.</p>
+
+<p><b>crowd</b>, turba, caterva.</p>
+
+<p><b>crown</b> (<i>s.</i>), corona.</p>
+
+<p><b>crown</b> (<i>v.</i>), corono.</p>
+
+<p><b>cry</b>, conclamo.</p>
+
+<p><b>custom</b>, mos.</p>
+
+<p><b>cut off</b>, decido, praecido.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>daily</b>, quotidianus.</p>
+
+<p><b>dare</b>, audeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>dart</b>, telum.</p>
+
+<p><b>daughter</b>, filia.</p>
+
+<p><b>dawn</b>, prima lux.</p>
+
+<p><b>day</b>, dies.</p>
+
+<p><b>death</b>, mors, exitus e vita;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+(condemn to) <b>death</b>, capitis (damno.)</p>
+
+<p><b>deceive</b>, fallo.</p>
+
+<p><b>deed</b>, facinus, factum.</p>
+
+<p><b>defeat</b>, vinco, supero.</p>
+
+<p><b>defend</b>, defendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>defendant</b>, reus.</p>
+
+<p><b>demand</b> (<i>s.</i>), postulatum, postulatio.</p>
+
+<p><b>demand</b> (<i>v.</i>), posco.</p>
+
+<p><b>depart</b>, digredior.</p>
+
+<p><b>depend on</b>, vertor in.</p>
+
+<p><b>desert</b> (<i>s.</i>), locus desertus.</p>
+
+<p><b>desert</b> (<i>v.</i>), descisco ab.</p>
+
+<p><b>desire</b>, opto.</p>
+
+<p><b>despise</b>, contemno.</p>
+
+<p><b>difficulty, of</b> (<i>adj.</i>), difficilis.</p>
+
+<p><b>direct</b>, dirigo.</p>
+
+<p><b>discover</b>, detego.</p>
+
+<p><b>dissipate</b>, digero.</p>
+
+<p><b>distance, at a</b>, procul.</p>
+
+<p><b>distant</b>, longus.</p>
+
+<p><b>divine</b>, divinus.</p>
+
+<p><b>do</b>, facio.</p>
+
+<p><b>doe</b>, cerva.</p>
+
+<p><b>dog</b>, canis.</p>
+
+<p><b>dolphin</b>, delphin.</p>
+
+<p><b>dominion</b>, dicio.</p>
+
+<p><b>draw up</b>, instruo.</p>
+
+<p><b>dreadful</b>, inmanis.</p>
+
+<p><b>dream</b>, somnium.</p>
+
+<p><b>dress</b>, induo.</p>
+
+<p><b>drink</b>, haurio.</p>
+
+<p><b>drive</b>, cogo; (from home), exigo.</p>
+
+<p><b>duty</b>, officium.</p>
+
+<p><b>dying</b>, moribundus.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>each</b>, quisque.</p>
+
+<p><b>ear</b>, auris.</p>
+
+<p><b>easily</b>, faciliter.</p>
+
+<p><b>educate</b>, educo.</p>
+
+<p><b>eight</b>, octo.</p>
+
+<p><b>eighty</b>, octoginta.</p>
+
+<p><b>elephant</b>, elephantus.</p>
+
+<p><b>emblem</b>, signum.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">140</span>
+<p><b>embrace</b>, amplector.</p>
+
+<p><b>endeavour</b>, conor.</p>
+
+<p><b>enemy</b>, hostis, inimicus.</p>
+
+<p><b>energetic</b>, acer.</p>
+
+<p><b>enormous</b>, ingens, vastus.</p>
+
+<p><b>enough</b>, satis.</p>
+
+<p><b>enter</b>, introeo, ascendo in.</p>
+
+<p><b>equal</b>, par.</p>
+
+<p><b>except</b>, nisi, praeter.</p>
+
+<p><b>exchange</b>, permutatio.</p>
+
+<p><b>exile</b>, exilium.</p>
+
+<p><b>expression</b>, vox.</p>
+
+<p><b>extraordinary</b>, egregius.</p>
+
+<p><b>eye</b>, oculus.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>fable</b>, fabula.</p>
+
+<p><b>face</b>, os.</p>
+
+<p><b>facing</b>, adversum, adversus.</p>
+
+<p><b>fall down</b>, concido.</p>
+
+<p><b>famous</b>, praeclarus, famâ celebri.</p>
+
+<p><b>farm</b>, fundus.</p>
+
+<p><b>father</b>, pater, paterfamilias.</p>
+
+<p><b>favourable</b>, mollis.</p>
+
+<p><b>fear</b>, metus.</p>
+
+<p><b>feature</b>, lineamentum.</p>
+
+<p><b>field</b>, ager.</p>
+
+<p><b>fight</b>, pugno.</p>
+
+<p><b>figure</b>, simulacrum.</p>
+
+<p><b>find</b>, invenio.</p>
+
+<p><b>fine</b>, pecunia.</p>
+
+<p><b>finger</b>, digitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>fire</b>, ignis, incendium.</p>
+
+<p><b>first</b>, primus.</p>
+
+<p><b>first at</b>, primum.</p>
+
+<p><b>fit</b>, aptus.</p>
+
+<p><b>five</b>, quinque.</p>
+
+<p><b>five times</b>, quinquies.</p>
+
+<p><b>flight</b>, fuga.</p>
+
+<p><b>flower</b>, flos.</p>
+
+<p><b>flute</b>, tibiae.</p>
+
+<p><b>flute-player</b>, tibicen.</p>
+
+<p><b>fly</b>, volo.</p>
+
+<p><b>foliage</b>, comae.</p>
+
+<p><b>follow</b>, prosequor.</p>
+
+<p><b>fond</b>, cupidus.</p>
+
+<p><b>food</b>, cibus, victus, pabulum.</p>
+
+<p><b>foot</b>, pes.</p>
+
+<p><b>for</b>, enim, nam.</p>
+
+<p><b>forbid</b>, interdico.</p>
+
+<p><b>forces</b>, copiae.</p>
+
+<p><b>foretell</b>, praedico.</p>
+
+<p><b>form</b>, conformo, fingo.</p>
+
+<p><b>formerly</b>, antea.</p>
+
+<p><b>fortify</b>, munio.</p>
+
+<p><b>free</b>, libero.</p>
+
+<p><b>friend</b>, amicus, familiaris.</p>
+
+<p><b>frighten</b>, consterno.</p>
+
+<p><b>from</b>, e, ex; a, ab.</p>
+
+<p><b>from all sides</b>, undique.</p>
+
+<p><b>front, in</b>, adversus.</p>
+
+<p><b>fruitful</b>, felix, fecundus, uber.</p>
+
+<p><b>full speed, at</b>, citato cursu.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>gain</b>, adipiscor, mihi obvenit.</p>
+
+<p><b>gain possession of</b>, potior.</p>
+
+<p><b>general</b>, imperator.</p>
+
+<p><b>gift</b>, praemium, donum.</p>
+
+<p><b>give</b>, do, reddo.</p>
+
+<p><b>give account of</b>, rationem reddo.</p>
+
+<p><b>give advice</b>, praecipio, moneo.</p>
+
+<p><b>give bail</b>, vadimonium dare, promittere.</p>
+
+<p><b>give thanks</b>, gratias ago.</p>
+
+<p><b>give vote</b>, sententiam fero.</p>
+
+<p><b>glitter</b>, mico.</p>
+
+<p><b>go</b>, eo, cedo.</p>
+
+<p><b>god</b>, deus.</p>
+
+<p><b>gold</b> (<i>adj.</i>), aureus.</p>
+
+<p><b>good</b>, bonus.</p>
+
+<p><b>good for, I am</b>, valeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>grass</b>, gramen.</p>
+
+<p><b>great</b>, magnus.</p>
+
+<p><b>greedy</b>, avarus.</p>
+
+<p><b>grieve</b>, doleo.</p>
+
+<p><b>groan</b>, gemitus edo.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">141</span>
+<p><b>ground</b>, locus.</p>
+
+<p><b>grow</b>, nascor.</p>
+
+<p><b>guard</b>, custodio.</p>
+
+<p><b>guard, I am on my</b>, caveo.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>half</b>, dimidium.</p>
+
+<p><b>hand</b>, manus.</p>
+
+<p><b>hand to</b>, trado.</p>
+
+<p><b>happen</b>, fio, accido.</p>
+
+<p><b>harmless</b>, sine noxâ.</p>
+
+<p><b>harsh</b>, asper.</p>
+
+<p><b>harvest</b>, messis.</p>
+
+<p><b>haste, make</b>, propero.</p>
+
+<p><b>haughtily</b>, per superbiam.</p>
+
+<p><b>have</b>, habeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>head</b>, caput.</p>
+
+<p><b>hear</b>, audio.</p>
+
+<p><b>health</b>, valetudo.</p>
+
+<p><b>heart</b>, cor.</p>
+
+<p><b>heaven, by</b>, divinitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>height</b>, proceries, magnitudo.</p>
+
+<p><b>help</b> (<i>s.</i>), auxilium.</p>
+
+<p><b>help</b> (<i>v.</i>), adjuvo.</p>
+
+<p><b>herself</b>, ipsa, se.</p>
+
+<p><b>hide</b>, recondo, delitesco.</p>
+
+<p><b>high, many stories</b>, multis tabulatis editus.</p>
+
+<p><b>his</b>, suus, ejus.</p>
+
+<p><b>hold on</b>, teneo.</p>
+
+<p><b>hollow</b>, caverna.</p>
+
+<p><b>home</b>, domus.</p>
+
+<p><b>honour</b>, honor;</p>
+<p class = "inset">
+<b>in honour of</b>, ob honorem.</p>
+
+<p><b>honourable</b>, honestus.</p>
+
+<p><b>hope</b>, spes.</p>
+
+<p><b>horse</b>, equus.</p>
+
+<p><b>host</b>, hospes.</p>
+
+<p><b>house</b>, aedes.</p>
+
+<p><b>how</b>, quomodo.</p>
+
+<p><b>hundred</b>, centum.</p>
+
+<p><b>hunt</b>, venatio.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>ignorant</b>, imperitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>immediately</b>, statim.</p>
+
+<p><b>immense</b>, inmensus.</p>
+
+<p><b>impertinence</b>, petulantia.</p>
+
+<p><b>important</b>, magnus.</p>
+
+<p><b>in</b>, in.</p>
+
+<p><b>in honour of</b>, ob honorem.</p>
+
+<p><b>infamy</b>, ignominia.</p>
+
+<p><b>inflamed-throat</b>, synanche.</p>
+
+<p><b>inhabit</b>, incolo, colo.</p>
+
+<p><b>inroad</b>, incursio.</p>
+
+<p><b>insult</b>, contumeliâ afficio.</p>
+
+<p><b>interpreter</b>, interpres.</p>
+
+<p><b>invent</b>, comminiscor.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>jeer at</b>, eludo, inrideo.</p>
+
+<p><b>judge</b>, iudex.</p>
+
+<p><b>justice</b>, ius.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>keep</b>, retineo.</p>
+
+<p><b>kill</b>, occido, interficio.</p>
+
+<p><b>king</b>, rex.</p>
+
+<p><b>know</b>, scio, percallesco.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>labour</b>, labor.</p>
+
+<p><b>lack</b>, desum.</p>
+
+<p><b>lame</b>, debilis.</p>
+
+<p><b>land</b>, terra.</p>
+
+<p><b>language</b>, lingua.</p>
+
+<p><b>large</b>, magnus, ingens.</p>
+
+<p><b>large sum of</b>, grandis.</p>
+
+<p><b>lark</b>, cassita.</p>
+
+<p><b>laugh at</b>, derideo.</p>
+
+<p><b>laurel</b> (<i>s.</i>), laurus.</p>
+
+<p><b>laurel</b> (<i>adj.</i>), laureus.</p>
+
+<p><b>law</b>, lex.</p>
+
+<p><b>law-suit</b>, lis.</p>
+
+<p><b>leader</b>, dux.</p>
+
+<p><b>leaf</b>, frons.</p>
+
+<p><b>leave</b>, relinquo.</p>
+
+<p><b>leg</b>, crus.</p>
+
+<p><b>lend</b>, dare ... mutuum.</p>
+
+<p><b>lick</b>, lambo, demulceo.</p>
+
+<p><b>lie</b>, mendacium.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">142</span>
+<p><b>lies, tell</b>, mentior.</p>
+
+<p><b>life</b>, vita, caput.</p>
+
+<p><b>lifeless</b>, exanguis.</p>
+
+<p><b>like</b>, more (<i>with adj. or gen.</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>line</b> (<b>of battle</b>), acies.</p>
+
+<p><b>linger</b>, demoror.</p>
+
+<p><b>lion</b>, leo.</p>
+
+<p><b>live</b>, vivo.</p>
+
+<p><b>loiterer</b>, cessator.</p>
+
+<p><b>long while, for a</b>, diu.</p>
+
+<p><b>loose, let</b>, emitto.</p>
+
+<p><b>lose</b>, amitto.</p>
+
+<p><b>loud</b>, sublatus, magnus.</p>
+
+<p><b>love</b>, amo.</p>
+
+<p><b>luxuriant</b>, laetus.</p>
+
+<p><b>lyre</b>, fides.</p>
+</td>
+<td>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>mad, I am</b>, deliro.</p>
+
+<p><b>magnificence</b>, splendor.</p>
+
+<p><b>maintain</b>, retineo, contendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>make</b>, facio, reddo.</p>
+
+<p><b>make haste</b>, propero.</p>
+
+<p><b>man</b>, homo.</p>
+
+<p><b>manœuvre</b>, converto.</p>
+
+<p><b>many</b>, multus.</p>
+
+<p><b>many sorts of</b>, varius.</p>
+
+<p><b>mark</b>, nota.</p>
+
+<p><b>marriage</b>, matrimonium.</p>
+
+<p><b>married to, I am</b>, nubo.</p>
+
+<p><b>marsh</b>, palus.</p>
+
+<p><b>marvellous</b>, mirandus.</p>
+
+<p><b>master</b>, dommus, magister.</p>
+
+<p><b>matron</b>, materfamilias.</p>
+
+<p><b>matter</b>, res.</p>
+
+<p><b>mean, what does this</b>, quid hoc sibi vult.</p>
+
+<p><b>medicine</b>, medicina, res medicina.</p>
+
+<p><b>meet</b>, obviam fio.</p>
+
+<p><b>mid-day</b>, (<i>s.</i>), dies medius.</p>
+
+<p><b>mid-day</b>, (<i>adj.</i>), meridianus.</p>
+
+<p><b>middle</b>, medius.</p>
+
+<p><b>military</b>, militaris.</p>
+
+<p><b>mimic hunt</b>, pugna venationis.</p>
+
+<p><b>modern</b>, praesens.</p>
+
+<p><b>money</b>, pecunia.</p>
+
+<p><b>mother</b>, mater.</p>
+
+<p><b>motionless</b>, immobilis.</p>
+
+<p><b>mount</b>, inscendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>mourn for</b>, lugeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>mourning</b>, habitus lugubris.</p>
+
+<p><b>mouth</b>, os.</p>
+
+<p><b>much</b>, multus, grandis.</p>
+
+<p><b>much</b>, as much as, tantus ... quantus.</p>
+
+<p><b>must</b>, necesse est.</p>
+
+<p><b>my</b>, meus.</p>
+
+<p><b>myself</b>, ego ipse.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>name</b>, nomen, cognomen.</p>
+
+<p><b>nation</b>, gens.</p>
+
+<p><b>natural position</b>, natura.</p>
+
+<p><b>near</b>, prope.</p>
+
+<p><b>necessary</b>, necesse.</p>
+
+<p><b>neck</b>, collum.</p>
+
+<p><b>neck-lace</b>, torquis.</p>
+
+<p><b>neglect</b>, negligo.</p>
+
+<p><b>neighbour</b>, vicinus.</p>
+
+<p><b>neighbouring</b>, proximus.</p>
+
+<p><b>nest</b>, nidus.</p>
+
+<p><b>never</b>, nunquam, nusquam.</p>
+
+<p><b>next</b>, posterus.</p>
+
+<p><b>next day</b>, postridie.</p>
+
+<p><b>night</b>, nox.</p>
+
+<p><b>nine</b>, novem.</p>
+
+<p><b>no one</b>, nemo, nullus.</p>
+
+<p><b>not</b>, non, haud.</p>
+
+<p><b>number</b>, numerus.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>oak</b>, quercus.</p>
+
+<p><b>oath</b>, iusiurandum.</p>
+
+<p><b>obey</b>, pareo.</p>
+
+<p><b>offer</b>, offero.</p>
+
+<p><b>offspring</b>, fetus.</p>
+
+<p><b>often</b>, saepe.</p>
+
+<p><b>old</b>, antiquus, vetus.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum right">143</span>
+<p><b>old days, in</b>, antiquitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>old-fashioned</b>, priscus.</p>
+
+<p><b>old woman</b>, anus.</p>
+
+<p><b>olive</b>, oleum.</p>
+
+<p><b>on, in</b>, super.</p>
+
+<p><b>one</b>, unus.</p>
+
+<p><b>one day</b>, quodam die.</p>
+
+<p><b>only</b>, modo.</p>
+
+<p><b>opinion, I am of</b>, censeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>oppose</b>, loquor contra.</p>
+
+<p><b>oracle</b>, oraculum.</p>
+
+<p><b>order</b>, jubeo, impero.</p>
+
+<p><b>order that, in</b>, ut, quo.</p>
+
+<p><b>other</b>, alius.</p>
+
+<p><b>others, the</b>, ceteri.</p>
+
+<p><b>ought</b>, debeo, <i>or gerundive</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>out of</b>, e, ex.</p>
+
+<p><b>own, his</b>, suus.</p>
+
+<p><b>owner</b>, dominus.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>palm</b>, palma.</p>
+
+<p><b>pardon</b>, poenâ solvo.</p>
+
+<p><b>pass</b> (sentence), fero (sententiam).</p>
+
+<p><b>pay</b>, do, solvo.</p>
+
+<p><b>peace</b>, pax.</p>
+
+<p><b>people</b>, populus, vulgus.</p>
+
+<p><b>perch on</b>, insisto.</p>
+
+<p><b>perfect</b>, integer.</p>
+
+<p><b>perform</b>, facio.</p>
+
+<p><b>perish</b>, pereo.</p>
+
+<p><b>persuade</b>, persuadeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>philosopher</b>, philosophus.</p>
+
+<p><b>pierce</b>, perfodio.</p>
+
+<p><b>pitiable</b>, miserandus.</p>
+
+<p><b>place</b>, (<i>s.</i>), locus.</p>
+
+<p><b>place</b> (hope), habeo (spem).</p>
+
+<p><b>place in</b>, condo.</p>
+
+<p><b>place on</b>, impono, pono.</p>
+
+<p><b>plague</b>, pestilentia.</p>
+
+<p><b>plain</b>, campus.</p>
+
+<p><b>plan</b>, consilium.</p>
+
+<p><b>plant</b>, consero.</p>
+
+<p><b>play</b>, cano.</p>
+
+<p><b>plead</b>, verba facere.</p>
+
+<p><b>poison</b>, venenum.</p>
+
+<p><b>polish</b>, tracto.</p>
+
+<p><b>position, natural</b>, natura.</p>
+
+<p><b>possession, take</b>, potior.</p>
+
+<p><b>praise</b>, laus.</p>
+
+<p><b>pray</b>, obsecro, oro.</p>
+
+<p><b>present</b>, dono, offero.</p>
+
+<p><b>pretend</b>, simulo.</p>
+
+<p><b>prevent, to</b>, ut ne, ne.</p>
+
+<p><b>price</b>, pretium.</p>
+
+<p><b>prisoner</b>, captivus.</p>
+
+<p><b>produce</b>, pario, edo, profero.</p>
+
+<p><b>promise</b>, promitto.</p>
+
+<p><b>proof</b>, argumentum.</p>
+
+<p><b>property</b>, praedium.</p>
+
+<p><b>propose</b>, censeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>provided with</b>, copiosus.</p>
+
+<p><b>prune</b>, amputo.</p>
+
+<p><b>publicly</b>, publice.</p>
+
+<p><b>pull out</b>, revello.</p>
+
+<p><b>pull up</b>, revello.</p>
+
+<p><b>punish</b>, vindico, punio, multo.</p>
+
+<p><b>pupil</b>, auditor.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>quarrelsome</b>, litigiosus.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>ravage</b>, depopulor.</p>
+
+<p><b>raven</b>, corvus.</p>
+
+<p><b>read</b>, recito.</p>
+
+<p><b>reap</b>, meto.</p>
+
+<p><b>receive</b>, accipio, fero.</p>
+
+<p><b>recover</b>, recupero.</p>
+
+<p><b>refuse</b>, nolo.</p>
+
+<p><b>rejoicing</b> (<i>s.</i>), laetitia.</p>
+
+<p><b>rejoicing</b> (<i>adj.</i>), laetus.</p>
+
+<p><b>relate</b>, narro, trado.</p>
+
+<p><b>relation</b>, cognatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>remain</b>, maneo.</p>
+
+<p><b>remaining</b>, reliquus.</p>
+
+<p><b>remains</b>, reliquiae.</p>
+
+<p><b>remarkable</b>, eximius.</p>
+
+<p><b>remedy</b>, remedium.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum right">144</span>
+<p><b>reply</b>, respondeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>reproach</b>, obiicio.</p>
+
+<p><b>restore</b>, reddo.</p>
+
+<p><b>return</b>, redeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>returns</b> (<i>s.</i>), reditus.</p>
+
+<p><b>reward</b>, praemium.</p>
+
+<p><b>rise</b>, exurgo, resurgo.</p>
+
+<p><b>road</b>, via.</p>
+
+<p><b>roaring</b>, fremitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>room</b>, cubiculum.</p>
+
+<p><b>rough</b>, rudis.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>safe</b>, salvus, incolumis.</p>
+
+<p><b>safety</b>, salus.</p>
+
+<p><b>sailor</b>, nauta.</p>
+
+<p><b>same</b>, idem.</p>
+
+<p><b>save</b>, servo.</p>
+
+<p><b>say</b>, dico, narro.</p>
+
+<p><b>scorn</b>, aspernor.</p>
+
+<p><b>sea</b>, mare.</p>
+
+<p><b>search for</b>, quaero, requiro.</p>
+
+<p><b>seated on</b>, insidens.</p>
+
+<p><b>secret</b>, clandestinus, tacitus.</p>
+
+<p><b>secretly</b>, tacite.</p>
+
+<p><b>see</b>, video.</p>
+
+<p><b>sell</b>, vendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>senate</b>, senatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>senate-house</b>, curia.</p>
+
+<p><b>senator</b>, senator.</p>
+
+<p><b>send</b>, mitto.</p>
+
+<p><b>send for</b>, arcesso.</p>
+
+<p><b>sentence</b>, sententia.</p>
+
+<p><b>separate</b>, separo.</p>
+
+<p><b>shake</b>, vibro.</p>
+
+<p><b>shame</b>, pudor.</p>
+
+<p><b>shapeless</b>, informis.</p>
+
+<p><b>shield</b>, scutum.</p>
+
+<p><b>shine</b>, praefulgeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>ship</b>, navis.</p>
+
+<p><b>shoulder</b>, humerus.</p>
+
+<p><b>shout</b>, clamor.</p>
+
+<p><b>show</b>, ostendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>shut in</b>, includo.</p>
+
+<p><b>shut up</b>, claudo.</p>
+
+<p><b>sickle</b>, falx.</p>
+
+<p><b>siege</b>, obsideo.</p>
+
+<p><b>sigh</b>, murmura edo.</p>
+
+<p><b>sight</b>, aspectus.</p>
+
+<p><b>sight, in my</b>, me inspectante<ins class = "correction" title =
+". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p><b>silent, I am</b>, taceo.</p>
+
+<p><b>silently</b>, tacite.</p>
+
+<p><b>silver</b> (<i>adj.</i>), argenteus.</p>
+
+<p><b>sing</b>, cano.</p>
+
+<p><b>sister</b>, soror.</p>
+
+<p><b>sit</b>, sedeo.</p>
+
+<p><b>situated</b>, situs.</p>
+
+<p><b>six</b>, sex.</p>
+
+<p><b>size</b>, corpus.</p>
+
+<p><b>skill</b>, ars, disciplina.</p>
+
+<p><b>skilled</b>, peritus, sollers.</p>
+
+<p><b>slave</b>, servus.</p>
+
+<p><b>slay</b>, transigo.</p>
+
+<p><b>sleep</b>, quiesco.</p>
+
+<p><b>small</b>, parvus.</p>
+
+<p><b>smear</b>, lino.</p>
+
+<p><b>so</b>, ita, itaque.</p>
+
+<p><b>soldier</b>, miles.</p>
+
+<p><b>son</b>, filius.</p>
+
+<p><b>song</b>, carmen.</p>
+
+<p><b>soon</b>, mox.</p>
+
+<p><b>spare</b>, parco.</p>
+
+<p><b>speak</b>, loquor, dico, enuntio.</p>
+
+<p><b>spear</b>, telum.</p>
+
+<p><b>speed, at full</b>, citato cursu.</p>
+
+<p><b>speed</b>, celeritas.</p>
+
+<p><b>spoil</b>, praeda.</p>
+
+<p><b>spring into</b>, transilio.</p>
+
+<p><b>spring down</b>, desilio.</p>
+
+<p><b>stand</b>, sto.</p>
+
+<p><b>stand forth</b>, exto.</p>
+
+<p><b>stand still</b>, consisto.</p>
+
+<p><b>state</b>, respublica.</p>
+
+<p><b>stem</b>, lignum.</p>
+
+<p><b>stern</b>, puppis.</p>
+
+<p><b>story</b>, tabulatum (of house); apologus (tale).</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum right">145</span>
+<p><b>strength</b>, vis.</p>
+
+<p><b>strengthen</b>, firmo.</p>
+
+<p><b>stretch out</b>, protendo.</p>
+
+<p><b>strike</b>, percutio.</p>
+
+<p><b>strong</b>, validus, violentas.</p>
+
+<p><b>success, with</b>, prospere.</p>
+
+<p><b>such</b>, talis, ejusmodi.</p>
+
+<p><b>sucker</b>, suboles.</p>
+
+<p><b>suddenly</b>, repente.</p>
+
+<p><b>suffer from</b>, patior.</p>
+
+<p><b>summon</b>, arcesso.</p>
+
+<p><b>sunrise</b>, lucis ortus, sol oriens.</p>
+
+<p><b>supply</b>, copia.</p>
+
+<p><b>surpass</b>, praesto.</p>
+
+<p><b>surround</b>, cingo.</p>
+
+<p><b>sword</b>, gladius.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>tail</b>, cauda.</p>
+
+<p><b>take</b>, capio, fero.</p>
+
+<p><b>take from</b>, detraho.</p>
+
+<p><b>take to flight</b>, in fugam me proripio.</p>
+
+<p><b>take possession of</b>, potior.</p>
+
+<p><b>take refuge in</b>, concedo in.</p>
+
+<p><b>tale</b>, fabula.</p>
+
+<p><b>talent</b>, talentum.</p>
+
+<p><b>talk with</b>, colloquor.</p>
+
+<p><b>teach</b>, doceo.</p>
+
+<p><b>tear</b>, lanio.</p>
+
+<p><b>tear in pieces</b>, dilacero, discindo.</p>
+
+<p><b>tear open</b>, rescindo, divello.</p>
+
+<p><b>tell</b>, dico, narro, enuntio.</p>
+
+<p><b>tell lies</b>, mentior.</p>
+
+<p><b>temple</b>, templum.</p>
+
+<p><b>ten</b>, decem.</p>
+
+<p><b>term</b>, condicio.</p>
+
+<p><b>terrible</b>, terrificus.</p>
+
+<p><b>terrified</b>, territus.</p>
+
+<p><b>thank</b>, grates ago, gratias ago.</p>
+
+<p><b>thanks</b>, grates, gratiae.</p>
+
+<p><b>that</b>, ille, is.</p>
+
+<p><b>their</b>, suus, eorum, illorum.</p>
+
+<p><b>therefore</b>, itaque.</p>
+
+<p><b>thing</b>, res.</p>
+
+<p><b>think</b>, puto.</p>
+
+<p><b>third</b>, tertius.</p>
+
+<p><b>this</b>, hic.</p>
+
+<p><b>thorn</b>, stirps.</p>
+
+<p><b>though</b>, cum.</p>
+
+<p><b>three</b>, tres.</p>
+
+<p><b>three years</b>, triennium.</p>
+
+<p><b>through</b>, per.</p>
+
+<p><b>throw</b>, iacio, coniicio.</p>
+
+<p><b>throw away</b>, abiicio.</p>
+
+<p><b>throw down</b>, everto.</p>
+
+<p><b>thus</b>, ita, sic.</p>
+
+<p><b>time</b>, tempus.</p>
+
+<p><b>time, at the</b>, in praesens.</p>
+
+<p><b>tomb</b>, sepulcrum.</p>
+
+<p><b>to-morrow</b>, cras.</p>
+
+<p><b>towards</b>, ad.</p>
+
+<p><b>tower</b>, turris.</p>
+
+<p><b>town</b>, oppidum.</p>
+
+<p><b>trappings</b>, insignia.</p>
+
+<p><b>treachery</b>, insidiae.</p>
+
+<p><b>tree</b>, arbor.</p>
+
+<p><b>tribune</b>, tribunus.</p>
+
+<p><b>triumph</b> (<i>s.</i>), triumphus.</p>
+
+<p><b>triumph</b> (<i>v.</i>), triumpho.</p>
+
+<p><b>trust in</b>, confido.</p>
+
+<p><b>try</b>, experior, cognosco.</p>
+
+<p><b>turn to</b> or <b>on</b>, refero.</p>
+
+<p><b>turret</b>, turris.</p>
+
+<p><b>twenty</b>, viginti.</p>
+
+<p><b>twenty-times</b>, vicies.</p>
+
+<p><b>twig</b>, virgultum.</p>
+
+<p><b>two</b>, duo.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>uncle</b>, patruus.</p>
+
+<p><b>understand</b>, intellego.</p>
+
+<p><b>undertake</b>, recipio.</p>
+
+<p><b>unfinished</b>, inperfectus.</p>
+
+<p><b>unfledged</b>, involucris.</p>
+
+<p><b>unsettled</b>, iniudicatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>unusual</b>, novus.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum right">146</span>
+<p><b>unwilling, I am</b>, nolo.</p>
+
+<p><b>urn</b>, urna.</p>
+
+<p><b>use</b>, utor, expromo.</p>
+
+<p><b>useful</b>, utilis, magno usu <i>and</i> magno usui.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>vain, in</b>, frustra.</p>
+
+<p><b>vast</b>, ingens.</p>
+
+<p><b>verdict, I give a</b>, pronuntio.</p>
+
+<p><b>verse</b>, versus.</p>
+
+<p><b>very</b>, admodum.</p>
+
+<p><b>victory</b>, victoria.</p>
+
+<p><b>vigour</b>, vigor.</p>
+
+<p><b>vine</b>, vinum.</p>
+
+<p><b>voice</b>, vox.</p>
+
+<p><b>voluntary</b>, voluntarius.</p>
+
+<p><b>vote</b>, sententia.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>wag</b>, moveo.</p>
+
+<p><b>war</b>, bellum.</p>
+
+<p><b>warn</b>, moneo, praemoneo.</p>
+
+<p><b>warrior</b>, bellator.</p>
+
+<p><b>wavering</b>, ambiguus.</p>
+
+<p><b>weary, I am, of this</b>, pertaedet me huius.</p>
+
+<p><b>weep</b>, lacrimo.</p>
+
+<p><b>weep for</b>, comploro.</p>
+
+<p><b>weight</b>, pondus.</p>
+
+<p><b>well-loved</b>, amatus.</p>
+
+<p><b>what</b>, quis.</p>
+
+<p><b>whatever</b>, quicumque.</p>
+
+<p><b>when</b>, ubi, cum.</p>
+
+<p><b>whenever</b>, ubicumque, cum.</p>
+
+<p><b>which</b>, qui.</p>
+
+<p><b>white</b>, albus.</p>
+
+<p><b>who</b>, quis, qui.</p>
+
+<p><b>whoever</b>, quicumque.</p>
+
+<p><b>whole</b>, totus.</p>
+
+<p><b>why</b>, cur.</p>
+
+<p><b>wife</b>, uxor.</p>
+
+<p><b>wild-beast</b>, fera, bestia.</p>
+
+<p><b>wild-beast, of a</b>, (<i>adj.</i>), ferinus.</p>
+
+<p><b>willingly</b>, libenter.</p>
+
+<p><b>win</b>, vinco.</p>
+
+<p><b>win over</b>, comparo.</p>
+
+<p><b>with</b>, cum.</p>
+
+<p><b>wise</b>, sapiens.</p>
+
+<p><b>wish</b>, volo.</p>
+
+<p><b>woman</b>, mulier.</p>
+
+<p><b>woman, old</b>, anus.</p>
+
+<p><b>wonder at</b>, miror, admiror, demiror.</p>
+
+<p><b>wonderful</b>, minis, mirandus, mirificus.</p>
+
+<p><b>wooden</b>, ligneus.</p>
+
+<p><b>word</b>, verbum.</p>
+
+<p><b>worthy</b>, dignus.</p>
+
+<p><b>wound</b> (<i>s.</i>), vulnus.</p>
+
+<p><b>wound</b> (<i>v.</i>), haurio.</p>
+
+<p><b>write</b>, scribo.</p>
+
+<p><b>writer</b>, scriptor.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "space">
+<b>you</b>, tu, vos.</p>
+
+<p><b>young man</b>, adulescens.</p>
+
+<p><b>young ones</b>, pulli.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class = "voclink space"><a href = "#vocab_english">
+Beginning of English-Latin Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+<p class = "voclink space"><a href = "#vocab_latin">
+Latin-English Vocabulary</a></p>
+
+
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">147</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "order" id = "order">
+ORDER OF THE “STORIES” COMPARED</a><br>
+WITH THE BOOKS OF THE<br>
+“NOCTES ATTICAE.”</h3>
+
+<table class = "order" summary = "see heading, above">
+<col>
+<col>
+<col>
+<tr>
+<td class = "smallroman left">SELECTION.</td>
+<td class = "smallroman" colspan = "2">NOCTES&nbsp;ATTICAE.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 1.</td>
+<td>xvii.</td>
+<td>10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 2.</td>
+<td>xvii.</td>
+<td>4</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 3.</td>
+<td>xiii.</td>
+<td>6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 4.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>17</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 5.</td>
+<td>ii.</td>
+<td>1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 6.</td>
+<td>v.</td>
+<td>2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 7.</td>
+<td>xv.</td>
+<td>17</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 8.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>14</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">&nbsp; 9.</td>
+<td>v.</td>
+<td>5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">10.</td>
+<td>xv.</td>
+<td>16</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">11.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>23</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">12.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>23</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">13.</td>
+<td>xv.</td>
+<td>22</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">14.</td>
+<td>xv.</td>
+<td>22</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">15.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>19</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">16.</td>
+<td>iv.</td>
+<td>18</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">17.</td>
+<td>iv.</td>
+<td>18</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">18.</td>
+<td>vi. (vii.)</td>
+<td>1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">19.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>3</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">20.</td>
+<td>i.</td>
+<td>10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">21.</td>
+<td>ix.</td>
+<td>13</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">22.</td>
+<td>ix.</td>
+<td>13</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">23.</td>
+<td>ix.</td>
+<td>11</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">24.</td>
+<td>ii.</td>
+<td>29</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">25.</td>
+<td>ii.</td>
+<td>29</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">26.</td>
+<td>ii.</td>
+<td>29</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">27.</td>
+<td>iii.</td>
+<td>8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">28.</td>
+<td>v.</td>
+<td>14</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">29.</td>
+<td>v.</td>
+<td>14</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">30.</td>
+<td>v.</td>
+<td>14</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">31.</td>
+<td>vi. (vii.)</td>
+<td>5</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">32.</td>
+<td>xi.</td>
+<td>9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">33.</td>
+<td>xii.</td>
+<td>12</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">34.</td>
+<td>xv.</td>
+<td>1</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">35.</td>
+<td>xvi.</td>
+<td>19</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">36.</td>
+<td>xvi.</td>
+<td>19</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">37.</td>
+<td>xix.</td>
+<td>12</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">38.</td>
+<td>xvii.</td>
+<td>16</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">39.</td>
+<td>v.</td>
+<td>10</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "left">40.</td>
+<td>vi. (vii.)</td>
+<td>18</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">148</span>
+<h3 class = "chapter"><a name = "index" id = "index">
+INDEX TO THE MOST IMPORTANT NOTES.</a></h3>
+
+<p class = "center">
+<i>The Roman figures give the number of the selection, the Arabic
+figures the number of the line in the selection.</i></p>
+
+<p class = "mynote">
+The Notes and the Proper Names were printed as shown here, in a single
+merged Index. Links go to the beginning of each Note.</p>
+
+<div class = "vocab">
+
+<p><i>abhinc multis annis</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ablative absolute</i>, <a href = "#notes_V">v. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>acceptum referre</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVII">xvii. 13</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>accusative plural</i> of 3rd declension in -is, <a href =
+"#notes_IX">ix. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>acerbus</i>, <a href = "#notes_V">v. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>adfines</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXVI">xxvi. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>adigere</i> aliquem iusiurandum, <a href = "#notes_XL">xl.
+6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>adjective</i> for English substantive and preposition, <a href =
+"#notes_X">x. 1</a> (Milo Crotoniensis); <a href = "#notes_XL">xl. 1</a>
+(proelium Cannense).</p>
+
+<p><i>advocare</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>aedes</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi. 17</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>aerarium</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVII">xvii. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aesopus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXIV">xxiv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ager Pomptinus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><b><span class = "greek" title =
+"akoinonoêtoi">ἀκοινονόητοι</span></b>, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>albus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XIV">xiv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alcibiades</i>, <a href = "#notes_IV">iv. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander</i>, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ambitus</i>, <a href = "#notes_II">ii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>animus</i> and <i>mens</i>, <a href = "#notes_V">v. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Antiochus</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>antiquus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>argyranche</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 14</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arion</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aristoteles</i>, <a href = "#notes_III">iii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>attraction of antecedent</i> into relative clause, <a href =
+"#notes_XXX">xxx. 2</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXXIX">xxxix. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aurunci</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>avunculus</i>, <a href = "#notes_VII">vii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Bucephalas</i>, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>-bundus</i> and <i>-cundus</i>, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi.
+11</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Caesar</i>, C. Iulius, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 16</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caesar</i>, Claudius, <a href = "#notes_XXIX">xxix. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>canere tibiis</i>, <a href = "#notes_VII">vii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cannae</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>capitalis res</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXX">xxx. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>caput</i>, <a href = "#notes_XIX">xix. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cato</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVII">xvii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>censeo</i> (parenthetically), <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi.
+12</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>censores</i>, <a href = "#notes_XL">xl. 24</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chares</i>, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cicero</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>cinctus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi. 17</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Circus</i> Maximus, <a href = "#notes_XXVIII">xxviii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cispius</i> Mons, <a href = "#notes_XXXIV">xxxiv. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>cognati</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXVI">xxvi. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>comoediarum certamina</i>, <a href = "#notes_II">ii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>comparare</i> hominem in aliquem, <a href = "#notes_XVII">xvii.
+3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>congerere</i> (absolutely), <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">149</span>
+<p><i>consecution</i> of tenses after historic present, <a href =
+"#notes_XXI">xxi. 12</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 6</a>; <a href
+= "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>contestari</i> litem, <a href = "#notes_XXXIX">xxxix. 12</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coruncanius</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crotoniensis</i>, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crotona</i>, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>cruor</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXIX">xxix. 23</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>cum</i> (conj.), <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 8</a>; with indic. (1)
+frequentative, <a href = "#notes_XIV">xiv. 7</a>; (2)&nbsp;= et tum,
+<a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi. 6</a>; (3)&nbsp;= because, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 11</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>curia</i>, <a href = "#notes_XI">xi. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Curius Dentatus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>curo</i> with gerundive, <a href = "#notes_VII">vii. 3</a>;
+<a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>dative</i> of purpose (predicative dat.), <a href =
+"#notes_VIII">viii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Demades</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Demosthenes</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>dependent</i> interrogatives, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>desinere</i> artem, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>deveho</i> (de = to land), <a href = "#notes_XXXVI">xxxvi.
+7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>disciplina</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXII">xxii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>dissimulanter</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVI">xxxvi. 12</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>dum</i> with subj., <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Electra</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXI">xxxi. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ennius</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVIII">xxxviii. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ephippium</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Euander</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>exerceor</i>, in middle sense, <a href = "#notes_IV">iv.
+7</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Fabricius</i>, <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>fac eas</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 11</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>facto</i> ... opus est, <a href = "#notes_XIV">xiv. 18</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>falcibus</i> (currus cum), <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>familias</i>, <a href = "#notes_XII">xii. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Favorinus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>felix</i> (fruitful), <a href = "#notes_XXXVII">xxxvii.
+18</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>foculus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>forum</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 21</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>frequentative</i> verbs, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii.
+4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>frenis</i> ... fulgentem, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>genitive</i> denoting “nature,” “duty” of, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 12</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>genitive</i> after gerund (causarum orandi cupidus), <a href =
+"#notes_XXXIX">xxxix. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>gerunds</i> and <i>gerundives</i>, <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii.
+1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>gratiae</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVII">xxxvii. 13</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Hannibal</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>haurire</i> pectus, <a href = "#notes_XXII">xxii. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>hercle</i>, <a href = "#notes_III">iii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hispanicus</i> gladius, <a href = "#notes_XXII">xxii. 7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>historic</i> infinitive, <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 15</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Horatii</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>hospita</i>, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>id temporis</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>imperium</i> proconsulare, <a href = "#notes_XXIX">xxix.
+5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>inceptive</i> or inchoative verbs, <a href = "#notes_II">ii.
+5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ingentis</i>, (acc. plur.), <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>in iure</i> stare, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 18</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>inmittere</i> (absolutely), <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>insula</i> (lodging-house), <a href = "#notes_XXXIV">xxxiv.
+4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>interrogatives</i>, dependent, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ire infitias</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVI">xxxvi. 18</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ius</i> dicere, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 16</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>iusiurandum</i> aliquem adigere, <a href = "#notes_XL">xl.
+6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>locative</i> case, <a href = "#notes_XI">xi. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>loci</i> (nusquam), <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 19</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+(e) <i>mediis</i> hostibus, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 12</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Menander</i>, <a href = "#notes_II">ii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>mens</i> and <i>animus</i>, <a href = "#notes_V">v. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Methymna</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>middle</i> signification of passive voice, <a href =
+"#notes_IV">iv. 7</a>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">150</span>
+<p><i>mihi</i> and <i>ad me</i> after verbs, <a href =
+"#notes_XXVII">xxvii. 13</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Milo</i>, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mitridates</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVIII">xxxviii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>monilia</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>-ne</i> pleonastic, <a href = "#notes_XI">xi. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>ne</i> ... quis, <a href = "#notes_XI">xi. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>nemo</i>, <a href = "#notes_XIV">xiv. 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>nobilis</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>noctis</i> extremo, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>nonne</i>, <i>num</i>, <i>-ne</i>, <a href = "#notes_II">ii.
+5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>nudus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi. 7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>nusquam</i> loci, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 16</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Orestes</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXI">xxxi. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oresti</i> (genitive), <a href = "#notes_XXXI">xxxi. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>orthium</i> carmen, <a href = "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 21</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osce</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVIII">xxxviii<ins class =
+"correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins>10</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Palatium</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>pareo</i>, <i>pario</i>, <i>paro</i>, <a href = "#notes_I">i.
+2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>participle</i> and verb in Latin = two verbs in English, <a href =
+"#notes_XXI">xxi. 3</a>; <a href = "#notes_XL">xl. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>partitive</i> genitive, id temporis, <a href =
+"#notes_XVIII">xviii. 7</a>; quantum mercedis, <a href =
+"#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 17</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>passives</i> with middle signification, <a href = "#notes_IV">iv.
+7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pelasgi</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>per</i> contemptum, <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Periander</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pericles</i>, <a href = "#notes_VII">vii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>phalerae</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Philemon</i>, <a href = "#notes_II">ii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Piraeus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXIV">xxxiv. 15</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>plague</i> of Athens, <a href = "#notes_V">v. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Plutarchus</i>, <a href = "#notes_III">iii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Poenus</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 8</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pomptinus</i> ager, <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>possies</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXIV">xxiv. 13</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>postliminium</i>, <a href = "#notes_XL">xl. 12</a>.</p>
+
+<p>(in) <i>praesens</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>praetextatus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XI">xi. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>predicative</i> dative, <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>prepositions</i>, verbs compounded with, <a href =
+"#notes_XXIX">xxix. 22</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXXIV">xxxiv. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>priusquam</i> with subjunctive, <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii.
+4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>proconsulare</i> imperium, <a href = "#notes_XXIX">xxix.
+5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Protagoras</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXIX">xxxix. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>purpose</i>, dative of, <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pyrrus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXVII">xxvii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pythagoras</i>, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>quadrati</i> versus, <a href = "#notes_XXIV">xxiv. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quae</i> dicas (indefinite), <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 11</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quaeso</i> (parenthetically), <a href = "#notes_II">ii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quasi</i>, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>qui</i> with subjunctive (final), <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv.
+17</a>; (causal) <a href = "#notes_XXXVII">xxxvii. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quid</i> ... sibi vult, <a href = "#notes_XII">xii. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p>(si) <i>quid</i> rei, <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 7</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quin</i> with indicative, <a href = "#notes_XXVI">xxvi. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quis</i> (indefinite), <a href = "#notes_XI">xi. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>quisquam</i> and <i>ullus</i>, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>re</i> in composition, <a href = "#notes_I">i. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Samnites</i>, <a href = "#notes_VIII">viii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>satira</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXIV">xxiv. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>scatebat</i> iris, <a href = "#notes_IV">iv. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scipio</i> Africanus, <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi. 1</a>; <a href =
+"#notes_XVIII">xviii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scipio</i> Asiaticus, <a href = "#notes_XVII">xvii. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>scutum</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi. 17</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>securus</i> with genitive, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi. 14</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>sed</i> enim, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>sequence</i> of tenses after historic present, <a href =
+"#notes_XXI">xxi. 12</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 6</a>; <a href
+= "#notes_XXXV">xxxv. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>sestertii</i> and <i>sestertium</i>, <a href = "#notes_VI">vi.
+3</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sertorius</i>, <a href = "#notes_XIII">xiii. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibyllini</i> libri, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sicani</i>, <a href = "#notes_XX">xx. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">151</span>
+<p><i>Socrates</i>, <a href = "#notes_IV">iv. 1</a>, 4.</p>
+
+<p><i>sol</i> oriens, <a href = "#notes_V">v. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>sollemnis</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi. 18</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sophocles</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXX">xxx. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sulla</i>, L., <a href = "#notes_XXXIV">xxxiv. 15</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sulla</i>, P., <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 2</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>supine</i> in -um, <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi. 13</a>; <a href =
+"#notes_XXII">xxii. 17</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>supine</i> in -u, <a href = "#notes_XIV">xiv. 5</a>; <a href =
+"#notes_XXIV">xxiv. 2</a>; <a href = "#notes_XXVII">xxvii. 12</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Taenarum</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXVI">xxxvi. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>talentum</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXXII">xxxii. 19</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tarquinius</i> Superbus, <a href = "#notes_XV">xv. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>temporal</i> conjunctions with subjunctive, cum, <a href =
+"#notes_VI">vi. 8</a>; dum, <a href = "#notes_XXV">xxv. 5</a>;
+priusquam, <a href = "#notes_XXXIII">xxxiii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>tibiae</i>, <a href = "#notes_VII">vii. 4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Torquatus</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>torquis</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXI">xxi. 3</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>tribunus</i> militaris, <a href = "#notes_XXIII">xxiii. 8</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>tribunus</i> plebis, <a href = "#notes_XVI">xvi. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>turribus</i> (elephanti cum), <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>ullus</i>, <a href = "#notes_X">x. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>vadari</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 22</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>vadimonium</i>, <a href = "#notes_XVIII">xviii. 19</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>venum</i> dare, <a href = "#notes_XXXIV">xxxiv. 10</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vergilius</i>, <a href = "#notes_I">i. 1</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>vertitur</i> in, <a href = "#notes_XXVI">xxvi. 20</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>videres</i>, <a href = "#notes_XXVIII">xxviii. 15</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>vult</i>, quid sibi, <a href = "#notes_XII">xii. 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Zama</i>, <a href = "#notes_IX">ix. 1</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #25861 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25861)